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Critiquing Research: Fatigue in the Presence of Coronary Heart Disease Research Paper Fatigue is a common and debilitating symptom linked to a number of acute and chronic conditions such as chronic heart failure and acute myocardial infarction. Fatigue has not been analyzed in regards to patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD), despite the fact that it might factor into new onsets or progression of CHD. Therefore, Eckhardt et al. (2014) decided that it was important to establish the severity of fatigue and its characteristics in a stable CHD population. There were three main purposes of the study conducted by these researchers, one of which was to describe fatigue in stable CHD patients. Moreover, Eckhardt et al. (2014) intended to determine whether certain demographic, physiological, or psychological variables were in correlation with fatigue. Finally, they aimed at identifying whether fatigue was related to health-related quality of life. Five people are cited as the authors of the research: Ann L. Eckhardt, Holli A. DeVon, Mariann R. Piano, Catherine J. Ryan, and Julie J. Zerwic. All of them have the credentials of PhD and RN. Ann L. Eckhardt is affiliated with School of Nursing at Illinois Wesleyan University in Bloomington where she holds the position of Assistant Professor. The other four researchers are affiliated with Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, College of Nursing at University of Illinois in Chicago. Holli A. DeVon is Associate Professor, Mariann R. Piano is Professor and Department Head, Catherine J. Ryan is Clinical Assistant Professor, and Julie J. Zerwic is Professor and Executive Associate Dean there. When it comes to the operational definition of fatigue, it was described by the researchers as the subjective feeling of extreme and constant exhaustion, weariness, and energy deprivation. Conceptually, fatigue was compared to pain on the grounds of its multidimensionality, exposure to physical and psychosocial factors, and presence of common characteristics with some mood and anxiety disorders. Moreover, it was noted that in CHD patients, fatigue is a prevalent symptom associated with weakness, reduced physical activity, and poor life quality. The study utilized a partially mixed sequential dominant status research design. According to Eckhardt et al. (2014), in their work, the main design of the study was quantitative, followed by a qualitative element. This mixed-method structure was chosen to ensure complementarity, which aims at achieving convergence of quantitative and qualitative results and providing descriptive depth with the help of qualitative interviews. First occurred the collection of the cross-sectional quantitative data, after which participants were selected from this sample for the qualitative element. Qualitative and quantitative data were integrated at the stages of data analysis and discussion. Statistical analysis of data occurred with quantitative components; the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was used for it. Eckhardt et al. (2014) report that a nominal alpha level of <.05 was selected for the outcomes to be statistically significant. For the analysis of demographic data and fatigue distinguished by gender, Chi-squared independence tests and independent samples t tests were utilized. The identification of factors connected to fatigue was conducted with the employment of Pearson’s correlation and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Predictors of fatigue were determined with the use of multiple regression. One hundred and two patients with stable CHD were the participants of this study. Eckhardt et al. (2014) recruited them during routine medical appointments from two cardiology clinics. One clinic mainly served urban minority patients (n = 51), and the other mainly served Caucasian patients from a small rural town (n = 51). Eligibility was decided on by the examination of medical records. Inclusion criteria involved a stable CHD diagnosis, the ability to speak and read English, and independent living. Exclusion criteria involved heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, coronary artery bypass grafting or myocardial infarction in the previous 2 months, and incurable disease with prediction to live for less than 6 months. In addition to that, patients with symptoms related to worsened or exacerbated cardiac disease, unstable angina, and hemodialysis were excluded from participation. Such exclusion criteria were due to the elimination of patients with a recent acute episode, new or worsening CHD symptoms, and co-occurring conditions known to be related to significant fatigue. The institutional review boards of both unspecified sites approved the study, and all participants gave their written informed consent. In terms of variables, the independent ones were various demographic (gender, age, race, employment), physiological (myocardial infarction, hypertension, diabetes), and psychological (depressive symptoms) factors. The dependent variable was the correlation of fatigue interference and intensity with the independent variables. Eckhardt et al. (2014) used the term ‘variables’ in regards to the independent ones; however, there was no mention of variables being independent or dependent. One specific relationship that was being investigated by the authors of the study was this between fatigue and depressive symptoms. Eckhardt et al. (2014) found that the occurrence of depressive symptoms was the only predictor of interference and intensity of fatigue among the potential fatigue contributors. This was a non-experimental study because it took place in real-life settings, and the researchers controlled neither the environment nor the variables. Finally, there were no interventions, which means that no changes were made in a study in order to study the outcomes. This study is relevant to the actual practice of nursing due to it providing data about fatigue in stable CHD patients, which has not been done before. Therefore, specialists are able to learn more about this phenomenon and start developing strategies to facilitate the lives of people with stable CHD struggling with the condition. Eckhardt et al. (2014) provided all basic information in their study’s abstract, and divided it into sections for it to be easier perceived. The abstract speaks about background, objectives, methods, results, and discussion, and lists key words. From my perspective, the study must have taken several months to be completed. I came to that conclusion having taken into account the participant sample and the fact that the data gathered from questionnaires, inventories, and interviews had to be analyzed and systematized. If I could ask the authors a question about their research, I would ask them what they believe the best solution on the basis of the study’s outcomes could be. In conclusion, Eckhardt et al. (2014) conducted their study to explore fatigue in people with stable CHD. The researchers recruited one hundred and two participants from two unspecified cardiology clinics and employed a partially mixed sequential dominant status design. This work is an important contribution to the understanding of the phenomenon of fatigue in stable CHD patients. Further research is needed to explore the effectiveness of various interventions to facilitate the lives of people struggling with the problem and increase their health-related quality of life. Reference Eckhardt, A. L., DeVon, H. A., Piano, M. R., Ryan, C. J., & Zerwic, J. J. (2014). Fatigue in the presence of coronary heart disease . Nursing Research , 63 (2), 83-93. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/critiquing-research-fatigue-in-the-presence-of-coronary-heart-disease/	200
Cryptocurrency and Its Instability Issues Essay In the present day, cryptocurrency attracts more and more attention of people all over the world. Regardless of not being widespread yet among community members, cryptocurrency is used by a considerable number of financial institutions and companies for its potential to influence the financial market in the future. In general, it may be defined as a virtual of digital currency secured by cryptography – that is why it cannot be double-spent or counterfeited. There are currently several cryptocurrencies, and the majority of them are decentralized networks on the basis of blockchain technologies enforced by computer networks. Cryptocurrency cannot be affected by government manipulation or interference as it is not issued by it or any central authority. The significance of this study is determined by an unknown and controversial effect of cryptocurrency. While it is frequently regarded as a more convenient and stable alternative to traditional money, some experts state that the instability of cryptocurrency will have a devastating impact on many industries in the future (Nova, 2021). That is why the investigation and evaluation of its potential influence will be beneficial for the development of accurate strategies and preventative measures. The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of cryptocurrency, its characteristics, and impact on the basis of literature review to answer the research question: Is cryptocurrency unstable? The answer will help to approve or reject a hypothesis that lies in the paper’s thesis statement – being a long-lasting uncontrolled bubble, cryptocurrency contributes to financial and monetary instability, a lack of investor protection, the global market’s downfall, and wealth inequity. According to previous research, a digital currency may be regarded as a highly convenient alternative to traditional money protected from government regulation. It cannot be double-spent or counterfeited, and its use is frequently defined as a future of the financial market. However, this study that incorporates available data related to cryptocurrency demonstrate its instability that may have highly negative consequences for different industries. According to modern studies, cryptocurrency is a long-lasting bubble which value is artificially created. Without proper control, the fluctuations of is value may lead to serious challenges in the financial market and lead to wealth inequities. In the future, more thorough comparison of cryptocurrency and traditional currency in relation to mechanism of its regulation may be required to support this paper’s results. Reference Nova, A. (2021). Cryptocurrencies could lead to financial instability, author warns. CNBC. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/cryptocurrency-and-its-instability-issues/	201
Cultural Criminology: Inside the Crime Essay The purpose of cultural criminology is to examine and describe crime and forms of crime control as cultural products. Criminality and actors in crime control are seen as creative notions that can be expressed in symbolically mediated cultural practices. Thus, subculture members, politicians, media producers, commercial organizations, and other relevant actors provide meaningful explanations for their actions. Cultural criminology considers its task the analysis of the ongoing process of interpretation, reinterpretation, and deconstruction (Wickert, 2019). The theory does not see itself as a theory of crime in a narrow sense; instead, it is a paradigm or perspective approach of crime as a phenomenon, placing significant emphasis on the importance of images, symbols, and representations of self-staging. Cultural criminology qualitative relies on the social sense drawing meanings and methods of ethnography as well as textual and content analysis. Thus, the main point of difference between cultural criminology and other theories of crime is that it places criminality and control over it in a specific context that can be interpreted differently when viewed from varied perspectives. That is, the theory views crime and the relevant agencies and institutions of crime control as cultural products or as creative constructs. As such, corruption must be approached from the standpoint of the meanings that it carries. To facilitate an understanding of cultural criminology, it is essential to consider such ideas as crime as culture, culture as crime, the media constructions of crime control and corruption, and political dimensions of culture, crime, and cultural criminology. Crime as culture entails the characterization of deviant subcultures as systems of symbols, which may include the style and appearance of their members, slang expressions, as well as any signs, slogans, and other methods of differentiation. In this sense, crime as culture means that individuals belong to a subculture that requires one’s capacity to construct and deconstruct the system of collective codes and practices. Besides, within the subculture that considers crime among its defining culture, symbolic communication may also often occur besides face-to-face interactions. Culture as crime is a thematic area of cultural criminology that entails the criminalization of cultural products and players. The analysis of the area depends, on the one hand, on the differentiation between the so-called high culture and, on the other hand, popular culture. Criminalizing cultural products and the various forms that it takes mainly influences popular culture. Although, it is necessary to note several isolated examples in which criminalization also influences the products of the so-called high culture. For instance, the photographs taken by Jock Sturges and Robert Mapplethorpe were deemed pornographic despite the fact that their intention was artistic expression. On the downside, the stigmatization and criminalization predominantly affect artists that belong to social minorities and subcultures, such as black rap musicians, punk musicians, LGBTQ artists, and others. The third thematic focus area, media constructions of crime control and crime, is focused on the analysis of reciprocal action mechanisms of the judicial system and the media. Drawing from the works of Cohen and Becker, such constructs as moral panics and folk devils have been heavily covered in media. An example of the media construction of crime and crime control pertains to the Satanic panic, a national hysteria episode that dominated the media in the 1980s (Hughes, 2016). The event involved the severe moral panic associated with more than twelve thousand unsubstantiated satanic ritual abuse cases in the 1980s in the United States (Hughes, 2016). The issue with satanic panic relates to the extreme media coverage of the alleged abuse of satanic rituals, with the information not being verified or taken from unreliable sources. Therefore, due to the relationship of dependence between media coverage and crime, especially when it comes to the determination of which crime phenomena should be covered and which should not get any attention. In the thematic area of media constructions of crime control and crime, it is essential to consider media’s construction of crime as a product of entertainment. The thematic area of focus, which entails the political dimension of culture, crime, and cultural criminology, is concerned with the analysis of power relations in which social control, media, and crime stand. Specifically, deviant subcultures become targets of stately surveillance and control or are subject to a process of commodification. In the sense of “cultural wars,” the art establishment that includes alternative artists argues about the aesthetic value of works. However, the opponents of such art declare this alternative art a crime and take criminal justice actions against artists. The censorship that affects artists that are politically motivated provides an extreme case of the arguments regarding artistic interpretation from the hegemonic perspective. Mass media has succeeded in focusing on the crime and social control by focusing on or ignoring specific themes. For example, there is currently a large number of a large number of TV shows (e.g., Making a Murderer, the Night Stalker, Tiger King, The Jinx, and others) in which crime is viewed from a cultural perspective. In Making a Murderer, for example, life in rural Manitowoc is depicted as full of crime due to the low quality of life and poor education levels of the population. In The Jinx, a commentary on the norm of the rich and powerful being able to get away with murder for a long time is made. Cultural criminology is distinct from the general theory of crime due to its key terms. For example, the theory gives attention to such terms as transgression, carnival of crime, and edgework. At the time of festivities, the valid norms of power relations are not considered, including class differences, gender differences, with the social order being disregarded, with no sanctions expected for irrational and senseless behaviour. Criminological verstehen, drawn from the work of Max Weber, is concerned with the understanding of social action as an imperative component of social development (Ferrell, 1997). The emphasis is placed on actors and their relevant constructions of meaning underlining their actions. Finally, the term style is also given significance as appropriate to the theoretical tradition of symbolic interactionism. According to the theory, interactions are characterized by specific symbols used for expressing themselves, mainly in relationships, social objects, and situations. While cultural criminology does not claim that it is an independent and self-contained approach to exploring crime, it has been subjected to some criticism. For example, it is considered too general while the methodological approach is too arbitrary, with crimes supposedly being played down. Despite the criticism, in the current climate, especially with the increased interest of media in crime, cultural criminology provides an interface for exploring the interplay between crime and culture in modern society. Reference List Ferrell, J. (1997) ‘Criminology verstehen: inside the immediacy of crime’, Justice Quarterly, 14(1), pp. 3-23. Hughes, S. (2016) American monsters: tabloid media and the satanic panic, 1970–2000. Web. Wickert, C. (2019) Cultural criminology . Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/cultural-criminology-inside-the-crime/	202
Cultural Diversity and Social Equality Essay For decades, people’s perception of social equality has been intertwined with the phenomenon of paying no attention to ethnic affiliation. However, instead of embracing the idea of universal equity, this concept resulted in the explicit enablement of white supremacy. For example, celebrating equality in the US essentially meant being generalized and assimilated into the image of a Caucasian white male. Hence, while at some point, society wanted to eliminate discrimination through everyone being “the same underneath,” only ethnic, gender, and sexual minorities were forced to sacrifice their identity. The result of such assimilation is especially vivid in the case of Japanese Americans and their mass assimilation aimed at creating the model minority (Shih et al., 2019). In order to be accepted in the community, minority populations were threatened with embracing another culture as their own. Such ignorance should never be mistaken for equality of being the same. The power of equality is to allow one to express their cultural identity without the fear of being marginalized in society. Moreover, embracing genuine interest in different cultures is what makes people evolve in their perspective on the world and critical thinking. Years of discrimination have eliminated the history of hundreds of ethnic minorities, so now is the time to make sure that everyone learns and cherishes their ancestors to the same extent. Undeniably, many people dwell on the fact that the idea of multi-culturalism is highly complex, especially in working or educational settings. However, the study of cultural diversity should never focus on creating exclusive communities that have nothing in common. Diversity is about shared learning of one’s values to find common ground with no discrimination against minorities. Reference Shih, K. Y., Chang, T. F., & Chen, S. Y. (2019). Impacts of the model minority myth on Asian American individuals and families: Social justice and critical race feminist perspectives. Journal of Family Theory & Review , 11 (3), 412-428. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/cultural-diversity-and-social-equality/	203
Cultural Traditions: Arranged vs. Autonomous Marriage Essay Cultural practices of different peoples largely characterize the development and formation of specific ethnic groups. Traditions and habits that people of the same cultural group adhere to speak of unique values, beliefs, and interests that have become generally accepted in the given community. This applies to religious, political, social, and other aspects since cultural norms affect all aspects of life without exception and often determine the nature of relationships among people. One of the factors that reflect specific cultural preferences and beliefs is the attitude toward the institution of marriage. Representatives of different nationalities promote individual traditions regarding marriage, including the procedure itself and the accompanying rules to follow. In most modern cultures, autonomous marriage is practiced when people choose their spouses by themselves. Nevertheless, in some social groups, arranged marriages are the norm when spouses are chosen by third parties, such as family members. While taking into account democratic values and human rights as integral components of a civilized society, advocates of autonomous marriage often oppose arranged marriages. Such unions, in their opinion, allegedly indicate the absence of a person’s right to decide individual destiny and choose a life partner independently. At the same time, given the distinctive ways in which cultural norms are formed, denying ethnocentrism is a reasonable approach to avoid bias. The concept of cultural relativism, considered in this context, is the recognition of unique value systems in different cultures. Appiah (2006) describes his position as follows: “You can be genuinely engaged with the ways of other societies without approving, letting alone adopting them” (p. 8). This means that condemnation is not reasoned if the person has grown up in a distinctive cultural environment, and acceptance of other people’s norms is not mandatory, which, nonetheless, does not give the right to censure. By following the concept of cultural relativism, regardless of belonging to a particular cultural group, condemnation or bias towards other cultural groups is unacceptable. Dauvergne (2019) analyzes the idea of arranged marriage and notes that, although this practice may be confusing to some people, this does not mean that the adherents of such a social tradition are less developed. This may indicate the distinctive ways of establishing the institution of marriage, and what is unacceptable for one person may be rational and objective for others. When taking into account the principles of cultural relativism, a person can make adequate arguments about the inadmissibility of bias towards the cultural customs of others based on personal experience and value judgments. Accordingly, this is possible to convince the other side, but to achieve this, one should use such concepts as individual rights and distinctive values. Cultural relativism cannot be considered an approach that allows absolutely any form of development, regardless of universal human values. In his book, Appiah (2006), although supporting this concept, says that this is not a common practice to promote and can sometimes be a means of manipulating opinions. According to him, “if we cannot learn from one another what it is right to think and feel and do, then conversation between us will be pointless” (Appiah, 2006, p. 31). This means that sometimes, in an attempt to defend an individual position against the advice and recommendations of others, a person or even an entire culture may follow an incorrect path of development. Nevertheless, regarding the issue of arranged or autonomous marriages, the concept of cultural relativism is an adequate tool. This theory conveys the idea of differences in the perception of the institution of marriage and the characteristic customs of different cultures. When analyzing the approaches to handling moral disagreements about cultural practices, one can note that cultural relativism is the most neutral ethical concept. For instance, while comparing it with moral relativism, the latter is associated primarily with personal values and, as Wreen (2018) notes, emphasizes one person’s truth. Cultural relativism is a more objective form of assessment of global ethical concepts because a whole cultural layer is taken into account, not only individual judgments. Consequently, when adopting this approach to assessing the institution of marriage, one can state that the traditions that people have adhered to in their communities for many years may be incomprehensible to others. However, this does not mean that inconsistencies in views are grounds for condemnation, and cultural practices may be more than ingrained archaic customs. Given the aforementioned reasons, this is possible to convince people that pre-arranged marriages can be admitted as culturally permissible, and the concept of cultural relativism is an objective tool. Equal rights presuppose freedom in the choice of traditions and values, and if the wishes of the parties to marry are allowed by the agreement of third parties, the obstacle to this is interference with the cultural norms of another community. The idea of cultural relativism reflects a more objective assessment in contrast to moral relativism, which concerns, first of all, personal rather than general values. As a result, arranged marriages cannot be condemned if two people are willing to do this consciously, knowing about the values of their culture. References Appiah, K. A. (2006). Cosmopolitanism . W. W. Norton & Company, 2006. Dauvergne, C. (2019). Gendering Islamophobia to better understand immigration laws. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies , 46 (12), 2569-2584. Web. Wreen, M. (2018). What is moral relativism? Philosophy , 93 (3), 337-354. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/cultural-traditions-arranged-vs-autonomous-marriage/	204
Culture and Caregiving: Ageing & Society Essay In my African-American community, caregiver roles are usually assumed by women – daughters, wives, or daughters-in-law. Women are usually responsible for helping the diseased with their daily living activities, such as dressing, washing, and cooking, while men’s duty is financial support. However, the burden of caregiving generally does not fall on a single person; rather, many members of the family may coordinate with each other in providing assistance to the sick relative. Overall, different identity characteristics determine who assumes caregiving roles. Gender is an important factor since research shows that, although men can be engaged in caregiving, women act as caregivers much more often (Bertogg & Strauss, 2020). In addition, men are more likely to remain in employment, which is why they often take up financial support, while women assist in daily living activities (Bertogg & Strauss, 2020). Further, marital status also determines whether a person will become a caregiver. Among married individuals, caregiving is common, and when both spouses have certain health problems, the caregiving burden falls on the one who is functionally less limited (Bertogg & Strauss, 2020). Age may also affect caregiving roles as younger individuals are more likely to become caregivers for their older relatives. In the African American community, two major factors may alleviate the caregiver burden. The first factor is the high value of the family and cultural expectations about women’s roles as carers for the family. Because of culturally embedded female duties and more value placed on family needs rather than individual ones, African Americans are less burdened by caregiving (McLennon et al., 2020). Another alleviating factor is religiosity that is used as a source of comfort and strength (McLennon et al., 2020). Both factors help African Americans cope with the caregiver’s burden. Culturally appropriate interventions for this cultural group should emphasize African American values. One particular intervention is psychoeducation that should be culturally tailored to include more information about the family as a caregiving resource (Brewster et al., 2020). Culturally sensitive interventions are important because it allows for forming therapeutic alliances with clients and addressing the systemic oppression faced by their cultural groups (National Association of Social Workers, 2010). In order to advocate for African American caregivers, social workers should be aware of policies applying to this group and defend their interests and cultural values in team meetings. They should also support policies and media that act to eliminate the institutional oppression of this group. References Bertogg, A., & Strauss, S. (2020). Spousal care-giving arrangements in Europe. The role of gender, socio-economic status and the welfare state. Ageing & Society , 40 (4), 735-758. Brewster, G. S., Epps, F., Dye, C. E., Hepburn, K., Higgins, M. K., & Parker, M. L. (2020). The effect of the “ Great Village ” on psychological outcomes, burden, and mastery in African American caregivers of persons living with dementia. Journal of Applied Gerontology: The Official Journal of the Southern Gerontological Society , 39 (10), 1059–1068. Web. McLennon, S. M., Anderson, J. G., Epps, F., & Rose, K. M. (2020). “It’s just part of life”: African American daughters caring for parents with dementia. Journal of Women & Aging , 32 (2), 168-182. National Association of Social Workers. (2010). NASW standards for social work practice with family caregivers of older adults . Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/culture-and-caregiving-ageing-amp-society/	205
Culture Play in Prejudices, Stereotyping, and Racism Research Paper Introduction Most religious people often tend to display prejudice at extremely high levels. There is a significant relationship between religion and prejudice that must consider the multifaceted religion nature and the prejudice target. Religion encompasses a multifaceted moral, social, emotional, and cognitive construct (Rowatt & Al-Kire, 2021). However, cognitive and social aspects are significant dimensions that determine in-group members and the constituents of a threat in a global religious view hence the relationship between religion and prejudices. Catholicism and Islam are outlined to play a vital role in religious prejudices. Catholicism Discrimination and racism constitute the effective forms of prejudice that the Catholic Church opposes. However, research reports that other Catholics have worked tirelessly to promote racist practices in the recent past. Following this situation, the Catholic Church has taken the chance to acknowledge its complicity and moral shortcomings regarding such pressing issues. Since 1958, Rowatt & Al-Kire, (2021) the church has made enhanced and consistent efforts to resolve the unbecoming situation. Additionally, the church’s responses and the present mood regarding racism and discrimination, which comprise objectives of several catholic groups, were established to promote an inclusive culture and combat the ideology of racism. Pope John XXIII is renowned for affecting the Catholic Church’s changes since his induction. Muslim According to Rowatt & Al-Kire, (2021), there have been detectable higher levels of prejudice constantly accelerating among and within Muslims in the recent past. The Muslim community, particularly the Arabian and American Muslims, is often subjected to discrimination by their fellow Muslims, hence facing a lot of tension. These groups have constantly been facing rejection by their religious community. Even worse, their entry to other countries has caused them much trouble and difficulties. All this results from discrimination tied to people’s attitudes towards others in the Muslim community. Several attempts to stop or reduce prejudice have not brought significant changes in this situation. Therefore, the Muslims are to blame for the increasing discrimination rate among their groups. Media’s Role in Prejudices Media has the power and potential to alter individual attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and other social aspects. For some time, policy interventions have targeted and used media communications to influence and promote sexism, such as gender-based violence (Anwar et al., 2020). Media influences social norms through two effects, namely, social and individual effects. The information conveyed on media platforms creates a mutual knowledge of a norm regarding the social effect. Further, it augments social coordination as more individuals believe in the shared information, hoping that others have accepted similar information (Anwar et al., 2020). Consequently, media information concerning norms may tend to individuals to consent with them according to the individual effect. Therefore, the social and mechanisms of the media have on changing attitudes of violence against women, although the former mechanism holds more weight. Social Identity Theory A person’s sense of self-identification based on their membership in a group is referred to as social identity. By belonging to groups, people can develop a sense of pride and self-esteem (McLeod, 2019). Racism can stem from prejudiced perceptions amongst civilizations, and it can even lead to genocide in its most extreme forms. The group that we belong to is called the in-group, and that we do not belong to is called the out-group (McLeod, 2019). To better understand and recognize objects, we categorize them. To comprehend the social context, we similarly categorize people. We employ social categories like black, white, Australian, Christian, Muslim, student, and bus driver because they are helpful. We can learn a lot about people by classifying them into a category, as we saw with the bus driver. In and out-groups Appropriate behavior is defined in-group norms, but this is only achievable if you know who belongs to your group. A person can be a member of several separate groups. In the second step, social identification, we adopt the group’s identity to which we have assigned ourselves. As a result of your affiliation with a group, your self-esteem will become entwined with group membership (Scheepers & Ellemers, 2019). Once we have classified ourselves as members of a group and established a relationship with it, we prefer to compare it to other groups. This is critical to comprehend because once two groups identify as rivals, they are forced to compete for members to retain their self-esteem. Competitiveness and hostility between groups occur due to clashing identities and resource competition. Effects of prejudice When others underestimate people, their personality decreases, and they stop developing themselves; prejudice helps them feel less than entirely human. It frequently leads to bullying and other forms of prejudice because it fosters a dread of what could transpire at any time and of what the future may contain. This can lead to an individual taking their personal life in difficult situations, in worst scenarios, murder. Individuals and entire groups might feel very vulnerable, afraid, and unworthy due to racism and discrimination. How Stereotype Threat is Critical When people are aware of a negative stereotype about their group, they are often concerned that their performance on a task would confirm other people’s perceptions of their group. The phrase “stereotype danger” is used by psychologists to describe the state in which people are concerned about confirming a group stereotype (Meuleman et al., 2019). For those subjected to stereotype threat, it can be uncomfortable and distracting. This phenomenon is assumed to be situation-specific, with people only experiencing it when exposed to a negative stereotype about their group. Stereotype research supports research on microaggressions and bias in higher education, and it aids in better understanding underrepresented groups’ experiences (Liu et al., 2021). In other words, women may prefer to take classes in other fields to escape the stereotype threat they face in math classes. Real-World Problem and the Impact It Has on Society Climate change will get a significant impact on our student’s lives, and there will not be a single issue that has a more significant influence on them than this one. They understand that this is a serious issue that will affect nearly everything, including weather, rising seas, food and nutrition security, water quality, air quality, environmental sustainability, and much more (Gougis, 2020). Food insecurity is exacerbated by differences in socioeconomic factors, growth opportunities, housing, security, support services, and other variables. And, with 13 million young people living in food-insecure households, practically everyone knows someone hungry regularly (Gougis, 2020). Given the current events sweeping the country, violence is unavoidable; granted, they are politically motivated, but young people are disproportionately affected. People can learn how to promote, coordinate, advertise, and ask for help. They can also learn that this is a complicated problem with many possible causes and, perhaps most importantly, there is hope for progress (Meuleman et al., 2019). Sustainability is a global issue that encompasses it all from energy to nourishment to resources, commerce, health, and so well. Strategies on How we can Decrease Prejudice Level in America Learn about your neighborhood, including what groups live there, what their interactions are like, and what occurrences have occurred in the past due to racial prejudice or racism, among other techniques to reduce bias. Documenting acts in your community that reveal racial prejudice or racism will demonstrate that a problem exists, especially if the community denies racism exists (Wanner et al., 2018). Inviting a group of people to engage in the planning process, determining the scope of the problem, and identifying and understanding the kind of policies that may need to be challenged can help reduce prejudice (Wanner et al., 2018). Furthermore, if any, determining the plan’s short- and long-term goals can influence people’s views and help them contemplate how far the chosen approach will carry your community. Considering what resources are already present and what additional grants to help, they may need to review their goals. Examine your strategies to ensure that they address racial bias and racism at the individual, community, and institutional levels and link discourse to action. Conclusion It takes a lot of determination to alteration people’s boldness and formal performances, but it is essential. People, commerce, and organizations must obligate to value variety for societies to flourish. The variation will not happen overnight, but you may start by taking little effort, as indicated in this section, to make a difference. These small measures lay the groundwork for more extensive, organized, and comprehensive efforts to create inclusive communities. References Anwar, A., Malik, M., Raees, V., & Anwar, A. (2020). Role of mass media and public health communications in the COVID-19 pandemic. Cureus , 12 (9) 1-8. Web. Gougis, R. A. (26 November 2020). The effects of prejudice and stress on the academic performance of Black-Americans Edited by Ulric Neisser, Edition1st Edition, First Published1986, Pub. Location New York, Imprint Routledge. In The school achievement of Minority Children, pp. 145-158). Routledge. Liu, S., Liu, P., Wang, M., & Zhang, B. (2021). Effectiveness of stereotype threat interventions: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 106 (6), 921–949. Web. McLeod, S. A. (2019). Social Identity Theory . Simply Psychology. Web. Meuleman, B., Abts, K., Slootmaeckers, K., & Meeusen, C. (2019). Differentiated threat and the genesis of prejudice: Group-specific antecedents of homonegativity, Islamophobia, anti-Semitism, and anti-immigrant attitudes. Social Problems , 66 (2), 222-244. Web. Rowatt, W. C., & Al-Kire, R. L. (2021). Dimensions of religiousness and their connection to racial, ethnic, and atheist prejudices. Current Opinion in Psychology , 40 , 86-91. Web. Scheepers, D., & Ellemers, N. (2019). Social identity theory. In: Sassenberg, K., Vliek, M. (Eds.), Social Psychology in Action (pp. 129-143). Springer, Cham. Wanner, M., Hilger, A., Westerkowski, J., Rose, M., Stelzer, F., & Schäpke, N. (2018). Towards a cyclical concept of real-world laboratories: A transdisciplinary research practice for sustainability transitions. Disp-The Planning Review , 54 (2), 94-114. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/culture-play-in-prejudices-stereotyping-and-racism/	206
Current Problems of Advertising Essay Introduction There has been significant evolution in the advertising industry from traditional advertising methods such as newspapers, print media, and television to digital advertising based on the internet. Therefore, advertising research has moved from considering consumers as passive to interact-ability, where consumers are active. This has been caused by a shift in the consumption habits of consumers. There has been a massive advertisement transfer from offline to online sources in the last few decades. With the new advancements in the advertising industry, innovations are occurring each year. It has created a large pool of advertising strategies leaving marketers with many challenges, including choosing the most effective method to reach their target audience. This study aims to highlight the problems of advertising by identifying the causes, finding solutions, and evaluating the effectiveness of the solutions. The Main Problems of Advertising Budget Limits One of the advertising problems is the budget limits of various companies and businesses. Unless for multinationals and other high-revenue businesses that have big budgets, smaller-entities have limited advertising budgets restricting their advertisements. Most businesses ensure they give the most amounts possible, hoping their consumers will notice their efforts (Moorman, Soli, and Cardoso, 2022). However, to achieve this effectively, one must find the correct audience, strategies, and platform in order to make the most of your limited resources. (Reinartz and Saffert, 2013). When businesses begin with a too-limited budget, they risk ending their advertising efforts without being noticed, while those who risk too much may lose their money (Moorman, Soli, and Cardoso, 2022). Therefore, not having the right budget is one of the most common problems facing companies, especially in their early development stages. Choosing the Right Method Another problem of advertisement that has come up is choosing the right method. For a marketer to choose the right method, they must consider the target audience and how they can easily reach them. This process may involve having to do a trial test until the right advertising method is found. In some cases, they may be forced to combine two or more methods, which may involve both digital and traditional channels, making it even harder. This shows that choosing the right method of advertising is a major problem. Compelling Content The other problem that is facing advertising has compelling content. The challenge for marketers is to create a message and transform it into something that either sounds or appears different (Koob, 2021, p. 7). Sometimes the consumers may be interested in the characters of the advert and not see the main message; therefore, it is important to ensure that the message is directly linked to the characters, color, voice, and sometimes even the advertising channel (Sinclair, 2019). Thus, creating a compelling advertising message has become a significant challenge for marketers. Measuring Effectiveness The next problem with advertising is measuring the effectiveness of the adverts. Nevertheless, determining the success of a marketing campaign is one of the most difficult aspects of advertising (Mafael et al., 2021, p. 5). This problem worsens when a company has different adverts; therefore not easy to determine the effectiveness of each method. Running advertisements that do not have much returns for a business is expensive since advertising is quite expensive (Mafael et al., 2021, p. 7). For instance, a company could waste much money running YouTube ads for its audience only to find out a simple outdoor poster was enough to achieve its marketing purposes. This shows that measuring an advert’s effectiveness is a real problem; if not well done, a company may lose money in irrelevant adverts. Rising through the Competition The final problem of advertising is making it through stiff competition. It is very challenging for companies with limited resources to keep up with competition levels (Akbar et al., 2021). These big companies have well-thought marketing strategies, but that does not mean that smaller businesses cannot beat them in the competition (Akbar et al., 2021). Advertising is a competitive business; thus, businesses and entrepreneurs should find out how to ensure they are competitive in the market (Akbar et al., 2021). Thus, beating the competition implies that the advertisement will get a good amount of attention; hence positive returns in terms of sending the message out. Solutions and Evaluation of Effectiveness In solving the problem of a limited budget, businesses or entrepreneurs need to ensure that they keep their marketing goals clear and concise. A business entity should enlist all the costs required to carry out the business and prioritize the most impactful ones (Eyada and Milla, 2020, p. 67). In addition, they should divide the budget into weekly, monthly, semi-annually, or annually to ensure that they keep track of the advertisements and their returns. To measure the effectiveness of this strategy, the business should conduct tests and tweak the campaigns. This will help them to identify if the allocated budget is enough for the advertisement and if it is effective in reaching the goals. If the budget is not enough for the ad, the business can change some strategies to make it more practical such as eliminating unbeneficial channels (Moorman, Ryan, and Tavassoli, 2022). In addition, the tweaks on the advertisement will help ensure that it aligns with the primary goals set for the business. If the budget is still too high or too low, the company can re-evaluate the set priorities to determine which are best aligned with the company goals. Solution to Compelling Content Compelling content is essential in ensuring that an advertisement meets its objectives. Therefore, an ad needs to craft the right message for its audience. This process begins with identifying the target audience, the most effective channel to reach them, what they want to hear and what they need to know about the advertisement (Hsu, 2019). Marketers must create new sales pitches because the target audience is already used to the commonly used pitches, such as “limited products for a limited time.” In addition, consumers have increased their research capabilities and researched different adverts before purchasing (Eyada and Milla, 2020, p. 70). Therefore, the advertisement should ensure that it earns the audience’s trust by aligning its content with its core values (Eyada and Milla, 2020, p. 71). When creating digital advertisements, it is essential to ensure that the person used in the advert represents the culture and values of the brand (Eyada and Milla, 2020, p. 71). This step is essential in enhancing trust and creating compelling content for the audience. A well adversed content implies that consumers will likely invest in the advertised product, even if it is just for trial purposes (Hsu, 2019). Secondly, the advert should connect with the target audience (Eyada and Milla, 2020, p. 73). An advert is not made for everyone but only the target audience; therefore, a good, compelling advert should connect well with the target audience by using suitable language, colors, sound pitch, and influencers. When an advert is compelling to the target audience, it plays a key role in ensuring that the message that is being passed to the consumer is received positively. How to Choose the Right Method Choosing the right method to advertise a business entity plays a significant role in determining the people who will receive the message. The first step in selecting the correct method is checking where its competitors advertise (Moorman, Ryan, and Tavassoli, 2022). Although not much information can be gained from this, it is important to note that many consumers like to go where they can find a lot of adverts. For example, if a customer is looking for a job, they are likely to visit websites that offer job opportunities, such as Indeed.com (Pavlovskaya et al., 2021). The next step would be identifying prospective consumers and conducting pinpoint advertising. This is whereby the business identifies its products’ specific consumers and the most effective channel based on their gender, age, size, and physical location (Moorman, Ryan, and Tavassoli, 2022). For instance, if most prospective consumers are clustered in one place, creating offline adverts, such as billboards, and placing them in those places would effectively send the message. Effective advertisement channel There are many ways of measuring the effectiveness of different advertising channels based on their form. Effective channels would be tracking leads from the marketing channel (Sinclair, 2019). This is whereby a business identifies the number of people converted from prospective consumers to buyers by the marketing channels (Danaher et al., 2020, p. 4). For digital channels, some factors to consider are click-through rates, website traffic, and cost per lead to determine the effectiveness of an advertising channel (Rathi et al., 2022). Businesses should ensure that they set a tracking system for their advertising methods and determine if they are working towards their goals (Danaher et al., 2020, p. 4). Effective tracking makes it easier to see the methods that are doing good and those that are doing badly in terms of advertisements. Conclusion Advertising is essential; for attracting and retaining customers in a business. This is why many companies spend billions on advertising so that they can ensure they update their consumers about their products. This study has identified problems associated with advertising which include budget limits, compelling content, choosing the right method, measuring effectiveness, and rising through the competition. In addition, the study has proposed solutions to overcome the challenges and how to measure the effectiveness of those solutions. References Akbar, M.B., Foote, L., Lawson, A., French, J., Deshpande, S. and Lee, N.R. (2021) The social marketing paradox: challenges and opportunities for the discipline. International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing, 13(2). Web. Danaher, P.J., Danaher, T.S., Smith, M.S. and Loaiza-Maya, R. (2020) Advertising effectiveness for multiple retailer-brands in a multimedia and multichannel environment. Journal of Marketing Research, 57(3), p. 4. Web. Eyada, B. and Milla, A. (2020) Native advertising: Challenges and perspectives. Journal of Design Sciences and Applied Arts, 1(1), p. 67–77. Web. Hsu, T. (2019) The advertising industry has a problem: People hate ads . The New York Times. Web. Koob, C. (2021) Determinants of content marketing effectiveness: Conceptual framework and empirical findings from a managerial perspective. PLOS ONE, 16(4), p. 7. Web. Mafael, A., Raithel, S., Taylor, C.R. and Stewart, D.W. (2021) Measuring the Role of Uniqueness and Consistency to Develop Effective Advertising. Journal of Advertising, 50(4), p. 1–11. Web. Moorman, C., Ryan, M. and Tavassoli, N. (2022) Why Marketers Are Returning to Traditional Advertising . Web. Moorman, C., Soli, J. and Cardoso, D. (2022) Closing the Gap Between Digital Marketing Spending and Performance . Web. Pavlovskaya, O., Kurenova, D., Murtazina, G. and Kolosova, O. (2021) The impact of advertising on social processes. Mind & Society, 14(2). Web. Rathi, R., Garg, R., Kataria, A. and Chhikara, R. (2022) Evolution of luxury marketing landscape: a bibliometric analysis and future directions. Journal of Brand Management, 14(5). Web. Reinartz, W. and Saffert, P. (2013) Creativity in Advertising: When It Works and When It Doesn’t . Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/current-problems-of-advertising/	207
CVC Capital Partners and Ista: Benefits of the Long-Term Investment Case Study Introduction This paper is based on “Case study Ista: Digging deep into CVC’s long-term investment.” The case notes that with roots dating back to 1902, the Ista group (Ista) has grown to become one of the world’s top producers of energy management services (Schaab & Frère, 2019). The company operates in 24 countries, employs around 5,500 people, and produced €881.1 million in sales in 2017, with 43 percent earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) margin (Schaab & Frère, 2019). This discussion critically evaluates the benefits of the long-term investment to CVC Capital Partners (CVC) and Ista based on the case study. This paper also analyzes the changes in CVC’s revenues and EBITDA during the investment phase, examining the impact of the level of liabilities and interest payment obligations during each new transaction financing. The discussion concludes by proposing relevant recommendations to ensure a better financial position for the company. Benefits of the Long-Term Investment Offers Opportunity for Structured Negotiations The long-term investment seems to have allowed CVC and Ista to develop structured negotiations to benefit the companies. For instance, the case notes that in 2004, the corporation experienced further strategic readjustments reverted to its original name of Ista, and various responsibilities were transferred to the direct holding company for efficiency (Schaab & Frère, 2019). In the new structure, Ista International GmbH assumed responsibility for the group’s human resources and corporate finance functions, allowing Ista Deutschland GmbH to concentrate on sales and service. Meter Holding Corporation S.A. and Meter Service Corporation S.à r.l. were disengaged entirely from operating, significantly improving overall efficiencies (Schaab & Frère, 2019). Such inter-organizational negations are critical in diversifying a company’s relationships in the market. Fostering Functional Business Relationship Prolonged exposure to specific business environments also helped establish the most effective coordination within a company. In the case study, CVC and ista seem to have benefited from the long-term investments initiatives through the informed organizational structure and company procedures (Schaab & Frère, 2019). The case study notes that CVC held shares in ista for 14 years. CVC’s long-term involvement seems to have achieved deal values and ideas that influenced Ista’s financials, strategy, and competitive positioning. The case study’s examination of the total transaction contract conditions also reveals a functional relationship between CVC and administration. For instance, Meter Holding Corporation S.A. issued common stock and approved the issuance of convertible redeemable preferred equity securities transferable into common stock (Schaab & Frère, 2019). Ordinary shareholders were allowed to contribute proportionately to the permitted capital, minimizing diluting impacts on management (Surasmi et al., 2019). CVC obtained pre-emptive privileges to manage shares, a threshold of one out of every three executive positions, and a baseline of three out of every five seats on the shareholders’ council, along with the nomination of the committee’s president. Such opportunities ensure established structures in the interest of the business. Low-Cost Trading Fees and Commissions Some of the apparent needs for CVC and Ista seem to be the continuation of operations at optimum EBITDA. The long-term investment directly impacted the value in business negotiations that could have been influenced by the access to decision-making privileges. For instance, Ista Luxemburg GmbH was valued at around €6.2 billion (Schaab & Frère, 2019). The venture capitalist paid €3.7 billion for the company’s share capital and granted preferred ownership certifications, the latter of which is worth around €748 million, including delayed interest charges (Schaab & Frère, 2019). The transaction is relatively fair considering the states at the company (Surasmi et al., 2019). In the case study, the debt capital is estimated to be valued at about €2.5 billion. The group repaid all outstanding debt funds contracts and entered into new senior financings totaling €1.950 million at borrowing costs ranging from 0.85 percent to 1.10 percent plus the Euro Interbank Offered Rate (EURIBOR) (Schaab & Frère, 2019). There is a clear cost-benefit in such negotiation on cost commitments. Better Long-Term Returns The long-term investments may have also influenced the overall returns positively. The positive correlation is illustrated in the case, noting that CVC used the same share class structure as in the second transaction, as revealed by examining the official documentation. The negotiations seem to have ensured that share classes A to E got preferential dividends and buyback or cancellation proceeds. In contrast, classes F to J earned the profitability allocation’s remaining values (Schaab & Frère, 2019). The balance ensures distributed investment and security for both the stakeholders and the management. The connection between shareholders was more equitable in the share balance transaction. The case highlights that while CVC and Canada Pension Plan invested over 98 percent of their capital in preferential share classes, managers could devote approximately 92 percent of their capital to preferred investment options, compared to 40.2 percent in the prior transaction (Schaab & Frère, 2019). Such flexibility seems to have been established with prolonged exposure to the negotiation environment. The timeframe also influenced CVC’s action of shortening the contractual terms, mainly for the advantage of management, except for a strengthened share transfer provision. Consequently, any share transfer required CVC’s prior authorization guaranteeing control and relevance with prospects of a better return on investment. Gives Money More Growth Timeframe The prolonged timeframe also allowed for the desired non-public sale of the company. The case study points out that Charterhouse began the tender process for Ista in December 2012, after over six years of project lifetime (Schaab & Frère, 2019). The reduced time constraints typically influence the sales approach (Dyahrini et al., 2021). The case study notes that although an initial public offering was a viable exit strategy, the shareholders chose a private sale. Since the company’s liabilities increased again, the equity worth stood at around €830 million, excluding the approximately €770 million convertible preferred stock securities and investor loans (Schaab & Frère, 2019). The comparative revenue shifts seem to contribute to CVC’s revenues and EBITDA and imply growth in quality of negotiations over time as one of the benefits of the long-term investment strategy. Changes in CVC’s Revenues and EBITDA The opportunities that came with the long-term investment improved the revenue prospects and EBITDA of the company. The case study demonstrates how CVCs maintained constant revenue and EBITDA growth, increased employment, and created a corporate governance structure throughout the investment period. Additionally, it made reasonable globalization efforts and industry sector expansion choices based on evolving laws and solid top-level management support (Prasanna et al., 2019). The use of Luxembourgian corporations to structure transactions is standard procedure in the sector. The contractual arrangements between the investors showed that CVC sought a more functional relationship with minority owners than Charterhouse’s principal business is the sub-metering of tenants’ thermal energy and water use in multi-tenant properties. Such technical readjustment in service delivery seems to have contributed to CVC’s revenue and EBITDA growth. CVC’s Diversification of Service Similarly, the innovation around service delivery and merger with other institutions improved the stability in revenue streams contributing to a jump in revenue prospects. The case study recognizes that the solution facilitated building owners and operators to distribute resulting energy and water bills based on individual use during the investment phase. Additionally, the firm offers additional services such as hardware distribution, assembly, commissioning, and refinancing. The relatively broad scope of service contributed to the improved revenue and EBITDA necessary for growth. Productive Investment Phase CVC’s strategic investment also emerges as a booster in the revenue status and profitability prospects. For instance, Exhibit 6 illustrates the revenue growth throughout the investment period in the case study. Ista’s overall business performance is strong, with a compound annual growth rate CAGR of 4.80 percent and moderate growth volatility (Schaab & Frère, 2019). The case study notes that the firm’s EBITDA is growing at an even faster rate of 7.94 percent (Schaab & Frère, 2019). Additionally, the EBITDA margin was around 43% of sales in 2017, which is certainly a compelling case for an investment (Schaab & Frère, 2019). The changes in CVC’s Revenues and EBITDA tend to depend on the nature of investments and acquisitions directly. Access to Reliable Human Resource The quality of staff within the company also emerges as an important area of focus for the company’s revenue and EBITDA growth prospects. In the case study, Exhibit 8 illustrates that the organization hired over 1,700 more employees between the beginning and the conclusion of the investment periods (Schaab & Frère, 2019). Such improvement in access to human resource signal growth. The improvements are also evident, considering that several functional groups in companies with subsidiary relations and special interests were maintained practically unchanged. Referencing these advancements to the more than doubling sales and considerably expanded EBITDA margins indicates the efficiency advantages throughout the investment period. From an organizational labor perspective, the efficiency improvements might also be regarded adversely, depending upon the prospective rise in workload for the organization’s workers (Yusoff et al., 2020). Despite the potential concerns over workload, the demand for more resources signifies that the revenue could sustain the operations. Impact of the Level of Liabilities and Interest Payment Obligations The constraints in CVC’s attempt to optimize revenues and EBITDA could also be linked to the slow market growth for the company’s offers. One potential reason for the limited development of client base, household, and meter numbers is Ista’s international market penetration strategy that is complicated by the liabilities within the company. For instance, the case study notes that in 2003, the company operated in 23 markets, but in 2017, it operated in 24 markets (Schaab & Frère, 2019). This perspective, nevertheless, does not take into account the significant changes that have occurred in the interim. Limitation in Demand and Revenue Diversification In 2010, the company established new affiliates in China, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates, but market penetration has several limitations. The case study notes that Ista has re-entered the Croatian and Swedish markets following temporary withdrawals. In improving the cost and investment benefits, the management ended business operations in Bulgaria in 2014, Finland in 2009, and the United States of America in 2014 (Schaab & Frère, 2019). The case study highlights that after entering the Brazilian market in 2006, the company chose to cease operations entirely in 2016, effectively ending the company’s operations in the Americas (Schaab & Frère, 2019). Such dynamics seem to limit the company’s effort towards profitability. Relevant Recommendations To ensure a better financial position, it is recommended that insta continues with formulating appropriate internal and external regulations that would position the company for better revenue opportunities. The case study demonstrates how the firm has previously implemented voluntary corporate governance mechanisms during the establishment stage. For instance, in 2009, the administration decided to form a sustainable development council to oversee the development and implementation of the group’s guidelines (Schaab & Frère, 2019). In 2010, the committee established a foundation for sustainable business practices for suppliers and staff and began producing an annual sustainability strategy. At the very least, the adoption of these instruments demonstrates that the corporation did not strictly adhere to cost-cutting recommendations but had the chance to create corporate governance tools (Elston et al., 2018). As a result, the business must restructure its processes for maximum productivity. Conclusion The case study illustrates several benefits of the long-term investment to CVC and Ista, including offers opportunities for structured negotiations, fostering functional business relationships, and low-cost trading fees. The case also demonstrates dynamics in CVC’s revenues and EBITDA during the investment phase that depends on both the internal and external business environments. The management recognizes that some of the determinants of the revenue and EBITDA could be linked to the quality of decisions made, the market reach, and access to a qualified labor force. The case study admits that the liabilities and interest payment requirements rose with each new transaction financing. Although constant development of the business model benefited the private equity firm, the issue of whether workers paid the price for efficiency gains is difficult to assess from a distance. Despite the difficulties, it seems as though Ista thrived throughout the investment period. CVC generated a net profit of around €2.25 billion in any event, including interest on shareholder loans. As such, the fund investors have reaped the benefits of their long-term commitment. References Dyahrini, W., Firmansyah, E., & Purba, J. M. (2021). The Effect of digital marketing, digital money on performance P.T. Indosat (Case Study in Bandung Sales Area). Psychology and Education Journal , 58 (1), 6343-6349. Elston, T., MacCarthaigh, M., & Verhoest, K. (2018). Collaborative cost-cutting: Productive efficiency as an interdependency between public organizations. Public Management Review , 20 (12), 1815-1835. Prasanna, R., Jayasundara, J, Naradda Gamage, S., Ekanayake, E., Rajapakshe, P., & Abeyrathne, G. (2019). Sustainability of SMEs in the competition: A systemic review on technological challenges and SME performance. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity , 5 (4), 100. Schaab, I., & Frère, E. (2019). Case Study Ista: Digging deep into CVC’s long-term investment. The Journal of Private Equity , 22 (2), 41-54. Surasmi, I. A., Widari, D. A. P. N., Warmana, G. O., & Widnyana, I. W. (2019). The impact of business risk on dividend policy in manufacturing companies listed on Indonesia stock exchange. Academy of Social Science Journal , 4 (11), 1488-1493. Yusoff, Y. M., Nejati, M., Kee, D. M. H., & Amran, A. (2020). Linking green human resource management practices to environmental performance in hotel industry. Global Business Review , 21 (3), 663-680.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/cvc-capital-partners-and-ista-benefits-of-the-long-term-investment/	208
Cyber-Attacks and Their Influences on Company’s Supply Chain Essay Supply chains can be highly vulnerable to hacking and malware attacks and, depending on the attacker’s motivation, are susceptible to actions aimed at stealing large amounts of money and disrupting business. Yeniyurt and Carnovale (2021) note that cybercriminals are unwilling to slow down the growth of cyber threats and invent new ways to steal information from individuals and organizations of all sizes. The most common cyber risks in supply chain management include data breaches, supply chain disruption, and malware attacks. Data breaches can occur through external and internal intruders. Employees, hackers, malicious competitors, and managers can leak sensitive data and personal information outside the business. Supply chain disruption occurs when a hacker or attacker breaks into an operating system or network without permission. The goal of penetration is to create havoc on the system by deleting, replicating, and corrupting data. Malware attacks can occur with the help of ransomware that blocks the computer until the company pays a certain amount of money. One of the cyberattack tools is sending a phishing email in order to obtain information. Ghadge et al. (2020) assert that clicking on a link in an email may result in data corruption and loss. If the phishing email is successful, the company can find the username and password used externally to collect information on the system. It can lead to unforeseen competition and serious leaks that could harm the entire corporation. The sophistication of attacks and the complexity of modern IT, using such technologies as virtualization, mobile, and cloud computing, are forcing companies to improve the protection of their information and apply defense-in-depth technologies. According to Gaudenzi and Siciliano (2018), to successfully address cyber risks, a serious cyber and IT risk management strategy is needed that considers various corporate functions. High IT security standards for networks, software, and mobile devices, staff awareness training, ongoing process optimization, and strict access rights management and guidelines help to combat the above cyber risks. In turn, cyber risk insurance is becoming a major factor in IT risk management for many companies to manage residual risks. A cyber-attack on a company’s supply chain is not only a short-term problem, but it also has medium and long-term consequences. First, cyber-attacks lead to the loss of external information. Cybercriminals obtain information belonging to the platform’s users, which is supposed to be a secure environment. Secondly, cyber-attacks also lead to the loss of inside information. It is a serious problem for the company as its corporate information security will be severely compromised. It may suffer from the theft of internal data or confidential information that is vital to the company’s daily operations. Thirdly, cyber-attacks lead to the deterioration of the company’s reputation. If users have their data stolen from an external platform, then they are unlikely to trust this platform in the future. Fourth, cyber-attacks lead to serious sanctions for the company. While there is no comprehensive national privacy law in the United States, there are several sector-specific data privacy and security laws at the federal level. Moreover, there are many other state and local privacy laws. Thus, the relevant authorities closely monitor companies that violate these requirements. One of the consequences of identity theft can be the recognition that the company has violated the law, as a result of which it may face multimillion-dollar fines. References Gaudenzi B., & Siciliano G. (2018). Managing IT and cyber risks in supply chains. In Y. Khojasteh (ed.) Supply chain risk management (pp. 85-96). Springer. Ghadge, A., Weiß, M., Caldwell, N.D., & Wilding, R. (2020). Managing cyber risk in supply chains: A review and research agenda. Supply Chain Management, 25(2), 223-240. Web. Yeniyurt, S., & Carnovale, S. (2021). Cyber security and supply chain management: Risks, challenges, and solutions. World Scientific Publishing Company.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/cyber-attacks-and-their-influences-on-companys-supply-chain/	209
Cystic Fibrosis: Diagnosis and Treatment Essay Cystic Fibrosis Pathophysiology and Etiology Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that causes various digestion and breathing issues. Precisely, CF occurs due to a metamorphosis in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. The gene produces the CFTR protein, which regulates the sodium and chloride ions movement across the epithelial cell membranes (Bowden & Greenberg, 2014). The mutations in a single or both replicas of the genetic factor make the ion conveyance unreliable and form a buildup of dense mucus in the whole body. The deformities serve as the basis of respiratory deficiency and other systemic anomalies and obstructions (Brown et al., 2017). Hence, people with CF have thick and sticky mucus that clocks their airways and causes lung damage, traps germs, increases the prevalence of infections, and prevents the entry of vital proteins into the intestines. CF Clinical Manifestations 1. Decreased appetite 2. Fatigue 3. Increased cough 4. Reduced spirometry values 5. Poor response to outpatient treatment measures 6. Hemoptysis (Bowden & Greenberg, 2014). 7. Recurrent wheezing 8. Infertility 9. Biliary cirrhosis 10. Abdominal distension (Brown et al., 2017). Interdisciplinary Approach to CF Treatment The care of CF patients requires the coordination of different treatment measures and the integration of psychosocial counseling and management in medical treatment. Bowden and Greenberg (2014) describe CF as a complex disease that requires specialized care and treatment. Hence, although pediatric pulmonologists remain the prominent directors of CF centers, the institutions need other specialists like endocrinologists, specialists of infectious diseases, gastroenterologists, and geneticists (Bowden & Greenberg, 2014). Besides, additional team members like medical social workers, physical therapists, advanced practice nurses, dieticians, genetic counselors, child life specialists, and physical therapists. Integration of interdisciplinary interventions is a sure way to treat CF effectively. Nursing Care Responsibilities in Cystic Fibrosis Treatment Nurses mainly assume major roles of stressing the importance of adequate dietary and fluid intake, maintaining adequate oxygenation, encouraging measures to remove pulmonary secretions, preventing complications, and ensuring good nutrition. Besides, the nurses also engage in the monitoring of essential changes in respiratory status and heart rate. According to Bowden and Greenberg (2014), nurses help offer follow-up services, emotional care, and response coordination to therapies. These services intend to support the CF patients to manage the disease effectively. Response to First Post The student does an incredible job addressing all the relevant questions. I agree with the post’s points regarding the CF etiology, physiology, clinical manifestations, and the need for interdisciplinary care. However, the student should improve their presentation strategy to avoid giving unclear and unsatisfactory answers. Overall, the post makes it easy for any reader to understand the basic knowledge about CF and the most preferred treatment methods. Response to Second Post The author does an incredible job in expressing their ideas in the essay. The writer addressed the questions systemically and concretely, making it easier for the reader to read and understand basic concepts about CF. I agree with the authors’ perceptions on the etiology and pathophysiology of the disease and the practitioner’s role in treating the disease. Besides, the way the author explained the basics of CF and its use in different ways is commendable. The post will go a long way in educating people on the nature of CF and how it affects children. References Bowden, V. R., & Greenberg, C. S. (2014). Children and their families: The continuum of care . (3rd ed.). Wolters Kluwer. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Brown, S. D., White, R., & Tobin, P. (2017). Keep them breathing: Cystic fibrosis pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Journal of the American Academy of PAs , 30 (5), 23-27. Web. Rao, S., Ziniel, S. I., Khan, I., & Dempsey, A. (2019). Be inFLUential: Evaluation of a multifaceted intervention to increase influenza vaccination rates among pediatric inpatients . Vaccine. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/cystic-fibrosis-diagnosis-and-treatment/	210
“Death 24x a Second: Stillness and the Moving Image” Analysis Essay (Critical Writing) Introduction The author addresses the evolution of filmmaking from the early years to the 21st century. The argument is on how information technology has transformed the way viewers experience narratives and images while watching different movies. Advancement in technology gives the spectators powers to control both the image and storylines with an unexpected pleasures such that the viewers are lost in the film and experience the episodes as their own (Sobchack). The author postulates that with the integration of technology into filmmaking, viewers have new ways of experiencing the images of the cinema. Additionally, the hidden stillness of the movies comes to light making it visible and accessible. The computer system has made it possible for anyone to understand the individual frame and the film’s kept secrets easily, accurately, and effectively. The angle of approach This book is a historical exploration of the role new media technology is giving to old cinemas by re-evaluating the history of films and their usefulness. New technologies give the viewers the ability to control both the image and story (Sobchack). Viewers are capable of repeating the episodes, they can do slow motions on sections of the film, and even free-frame the film (Mulvey, 147). This adventure makes spectators have an excessive and irrational devotion or commitment to continue watching. Further, the capacity of the viewers to manipulate the film images gives the cinema materials some aesthetic traits. Evaluating the breadth or scope of the argument Although this book is talking about the film industry, the author’s narration of cinema’s psychic and social aspects of life covers the events and discoveries prominent with the twentieth all through to the twenty-first century. During this period of time, several ways of doing things or systems changed into new ways because of computer technology (Grant). Many fields, disciplines, socialization, and human interactions started embracing information technology. The film industry was not left behind and the cinemas began integrating new technology. The book covers the aspects of classic visual pleasure and narrative film enabled by the digital spectrum which opens up other viewing positions of cinemas. The narrative captures the history of cinema indicating the “death” of traditional movies onto the birth of digital age films. There are case studies that have reinforced the argument that technology has revolutionized the film industry. For instance, about fifty years back, filmmakers had to assemble a full crew to be able to record movies; in cases where they needed aerial shots, they had to use aircraft mounted with cameras that were even heavier. Once the filming was over, editing was done physically by cutting and pasting the film together (“The Impact of Technology in the Film Industry”). The process was long and difficult and the quality of work was very poor. Technology took over in the late 20th century with the introduction of lighter cameras which capture clear and quality images. The synchronization of clouds has made editing of films much easier to an extent that filmmakers can work in collaboration from any part of the world. For the viewers it’s no longer a must they go to the theatre to watch movies because on-demand, streaming services, computers, tablets, and smartphones have allowed them to watch the movies whenever and wherever they wish. Technology is used effectively in filmmaking through computer-generated graphics to produce special effects in the cinema business. This method is cheaper than the physical techniques because it employs computer software instead of creating physical settings to generate images. For example, in 1973, ‘Westworld’ film was created using computer-generated pictures (Sharma). This fictional movie included both robots and real people; other cases are like the iconic film ‘Star Wars’ and ‘Star Trek II’ which had effects such as laser weapons and robotic motions. Then there is also the use of animation and three-dimensional (3D). The connections the author draws across ideas and evidence presented In this book, the author draws several ideas linking the past and the present to demonstrate changes over time. In the introduction the book explains the technological advances between the 1970s all through to early 2000s; that in the 70s the films were always seen in rooms and were projected on frames. Then to the current changes dark spaces to self-directed viewing on DVDs or videos. Further, in old days the films were characterized by delays which technology has replaced with aspects like creating slow motions, editing, and freeze-frame which gives the viewer an excellent experience (Mulvey, 144). In chapter 1 of the book, “Passing Time,” there is a clear explanation about the relationship between past or early cinema and the new technological age films. It comes out that technology makes it possible for the 21st-century viewer to be able to use imitation of an indexical image. To get the feeling of a similar stake of wonders like those who viewed the same cinema before technology integration. Strengths of the argument Comparing the stillness and technology in relation to the evolution of cinemas, the modern concept of films transformed the movie adventure by creating delays which makes it easy for spectators to evaluate the film. Now the digital mechanisms work on the films by delaying the movements, it is also capable of fragmenting the movie and even rewinding the film (Thompson). Meaning technology has total a new paradigm in the film industry by a new way to pause, initiate delays, and repetitions that were not applicable to projectors. In addition, the ability to pause the film can span the viewers into a position from which they can distinguish the indexicality of the image and its historical nature (Thompson). This mechanism is very important for analyzing politics and using the film to help close the gap especially in the modern-day world which tends to focus on things happening at present. Weaknesses of the argument The aspect of stillness and the moving image places the film actors within a context of unnatural fusion between the human body and the machine. The power to control the flow of the cinema through constants stops in between, creating delays and replaying the movie several times, could lead to spectators being too possessive. Technology has given the viewers’ power to dominant the film actors (Thompson). They develop an excessive attachment to the image that was once only possible with the help of external assistance such as production stills or calendar images. Another weakness of the technological argument is a case example of television programs, which enhances the stillness of films by fragmenting the whole film into several episodes which can be viewed over several periods of months. Conclusions This book is a historical exploration of the role new media technology is giving to old cinemas as it re-evaluates the history of films and their usefulness. The author’s narration of cinema’s psychic and social aspects of life covers the events and discoveries prominent with the twentieth all through to the twenty-first century. The book covers the aspects of classic visual pleasure and narrative film enabled by the digital spectrum which opens up other viewing positions of cinemas. The narrative captures the history of cinema indicating the “death” of traditional movies onto the birth of digital age films. In the introduction the book explains the technological advances between the 1970s all through to early 2000s; that in the 70s the films were always seen in rooms and were projected on frames. Then to the current changes dark spaces to self-directed viewing on DVDs or videos. It comes out that technology makes it possible for the 21st-century viewer to be able to use imitation of an indexical image. To get the feeling of a similar stake of wonders like those who viewed the same cinema before technology integration. The ability to pause the film can span the viewers into a position from which they can distinguish the indexicality of the image and its historical nature. However, the power to control the flow of the cinema through constants stops in between, creating delays and replaying the movie several times, could lead to spectators being too possessive. Additionally, technology has given the viewers’ power to dominate the film actors. Lastly, technology makes the audience develop an excessive attachment to the image that was once only possible with the help of external assistance such as production stills or calendar images. Works Cited “Compact Business.” The Impact of Technology in the film industry . Compact Business Community, 2018. Grant, Catherine. “Review of Death 24 x a Second: Stillness and the Moving Image,” 2008, Web. Mulvey, Laura. Death 24x a Second Stillness and the Moving Image , 2006. Sharma, Gourav. “Computer Technology in the Movie Industry,” 2021. Web. Sobchack, Vivian. “Death 24x a Second: Stillness and the Moving Image.” Berghahn Books, Inc , Vol. 2, no. 1, 2008. Web. Thompson, Alex. “Death 24x a Second by Laura Mulvey,” Osu.Edu, 2020, Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/death-24x-a-second-stillness-and-the-moving-image-analysis/	211
Death and Life in John Green’s in “Looking for Alaska” Essay In Looking for Alaska, John Green presents one of the most outstanding coming-of-age novels that explore profound existential questions about life, death, and the meaning of life. Green creates witty, well-drawn characters, full of individual quirks — to whom he affords the privilege of finding closure on their terms instead of resorting to the rather elusive happily ever after. In the book, the theme of death features prominently, and much of the plot is based on its events. Death shapes the lives of various characters, such as the protagonists, Miles, and Alaska. Alaska embodies the very nature through which death can change an individual’s life trajectory, as illustrated by her encounter with her mother’s death, and in more literal terms, by her death. Popular critique of the novel emphasizes the inevitability of death, and how despite the starkness of this reality, people can never really come to terms with death. However, in this essay, a different contention is taken. While the importance of death in the book is fully appreciated, this essay argues for Green using death as a means rather than an end. Death is used as a sort of midpoint, a signaler towards more urgent thematic preoccupations of this text: how to live and die. In addition, it shall be argued that the mediating process between how to live and how to die is another process in itself of finding the meaning of life. Death plays an instrumental role in this story, not only as a philosophical musing by the author and the characters but also as a midpoint that effectively separates the story into before and after. Death moves the story as much as it moves the readers in the way it propels the characters’ actions. The first death in the story, and arguably one from which much of the action is premised or proceeds, is Alaska’s mother’s death. Alaska witnessed this death and failed to act at that critical moment, something she eternally felt guilty about throughout the rest of the story. Thoyyibah asserts that through this encounter, Alaska was burdened with self-blame, as she watched her mother dying on the floor, yet did not attempt to help her in any way, and instead resorts to screaming and crying (34). This self-blame was exacerbated by the fact that her father seemed to blame her for her mother’s death, and she thought he was justified so, “…so I just sat there on the floor with her until my dad came home an hour later and he’s screaming ‘Why didn’t you call 911?’” (Green 120). Alaska’s disposition throughout the story can be attributed to this feeling of guilt. The death of Alaska’s mother and the circumstances of her death changes Alaska completely, not only just her but the discourse of the life of those close to her. Thoyiba cites this event as the significant childhood trauma that shaped Alaska’s characterization as a coping mechanism (1). It influences her worldview, especially on the process of living. Alaska takes on a nihilistic approach to life as evidenced by her interpretation of the metaphor of labyrinth “… It’s not life or death, the labyrinth. /Um, okay. So what is it? /Suffering,” she said. “Doing wrong and having wrong things happen to you. That’s the problem…” (Green 52). Her death, whether it was suicide or an accident, resulted from this impulsive worldview. The death of Alaska was the midpoint of the stories of various characters in the book and both literal and metaphorical senses of the word. In the literal sense, since Alaska’s death reinforces the storyline, the first part of the book traces the events of her life, and the second, the aftermath of her death. In the metaphorical sense, death serves to cause a remarked change in the other characters and fuels the processes of living and finding the meaning of life. In addition, the reader benefits from this event’s lessons on the continuation of life after grief and the hope of overcoming sorrow (Logara 12). One of the most immediate changes in Alaska’s death effects is in leading other characters to introspect about the nature of death. Takumi and Miles have a candid discussion in which they seem to concur on death being natural, despite a certain sense of dread permeating their conversation. Takumi contends, “It’s natural. I mean, it must be natural” (Green 253). To this, Miles expresses to have given it earlier thought, asserting that despite its goriness, death was universal. Apart from introspection on life and death, another effect that strongly comes out is the unbridled guilt that grasps those near Alaska. For one reason or the other, many characters felt they could have somehow prevented this death. In particular, the feeling of guilt drives Miles to investigate whether the death was a suicide—a process through which Miles ends up discovering a lot about himself. A new part of him filled with love, grief, regret, sadness, and bitterness gets revealed, and by this Miles gains a more profound understanding of himself by experiencing all these thoughts and feelings. Despite death occupying a central role as a dominant theme in the book, it is inextricably tied to life and hope on the one hand and how to die on the other one. In the frequently asked questions page of his website, Green tackles this concern by properly contextualizing the role of death in this story. Green asserts that characters conventionally die in literature at the beginning or end. However, the book’s major death (that of Alaska) happens in the middle as he intended the readers to meet and get attached to Alaska and then lose her (“Looking For Alaska FAQ — John Green”). This, he says, would enable them to follow Pudge and Colonel make and the rest of the characters make in finding healing. Through journey would allow the readers to fight off nihilism that could accompany such loss and feelings of pointlessness and find hope amidst unresolved and unresolvable grief. Although an author’s interpretation of their text is in no way superior to a reader’s, a fact Green accedes to, these remarks by the author go a long way in supporting this essay’s thesis. This essay contends that despite the instrumental role death plays in the text, it is merely meditating. The profoundness of death provides appropriate fodder for dialogue about other life’s phenomena. This is precisely how Green uses death in the novel. For instance, readers are opened to a discussion over profound societal concerns through the death of Alaska’s mother and the subsequent procession of Alaska. For example, Dunder subjects the book to postfeminist theory analysis and feminist criticism in her study. She posits that Alaska is a “Manic Pixie Dream Girls” character that perpetuates stereotypical gender roles and, in effect helps to preserve a glorified image of the muse (1). For example, Dunder cites Green’s representation of Alaska’s body through Miles’s distraction by her “sizeable cleavage” (p 53). This, she says, was Green choosing a stereotypical representation of female traits in conformity with the patriarchy and society by depicting Alaska as hot or pretty in the eyes of Miles. Such analysis as Dunder’s became so rampant, creating a dialogue among the readers and the general public that the novel remains the most challenging novel of 2015 under the young adult category. The main concerns that occasioned a ban on the book include issues on sex and language, especially a description of oral sex performed on Miles (Coles). However, the contention surrounding the scene is not this essay’s preoccupation. Instead, such conversations that arose from the culmination of the death of a character underscore the relevance of the role death played in the text. In addition, the ephemerality of the role of death in the text is epitomized by the renewed vigor Alaska’s death sparked in the several characters towards defining how to live or die. Alaska’s death stops time, especially for Miles, who splits events into a before and after Alaska’s death timeline. For Miles, reality only exists within two-time intervals, and the death demonstrates his love for Alaska, a girl he could never be with (Hatmoko 2). Alaska’s death Miles and his best friends are on a whole new mission, to investigate what happened if the death was Alaska’s final step towards escaping the labyrinth. The novel is set in motion by two great philosophical pursuits by Miles and Alaska. The first pursuit is Miles’s search for “the great perhaps,” while the second is Alaska’s conviction in the “labyrinth.” The story is effectively set in motion by Miles’s decision to ask his parents to send him away for his junior year in Florida. He explains his decision as his way of seeking the great perhaps, quoting 15th-century French writer Francois Rabelais. While Miles interprets Rabelais’s quote as living rather than dying, initially, in seeking the great perhaps, Rabelais referred to the mystery surrounding what awaited him after death (Kinser 34). In this phrase, Miles intertwines the concepts of life and death, objectively setting the ground for the novel’s central theme: how to live and how to die. “That’s why I’m going…So I don’t have to wait until I die to start seeking a Great Perhaps,” Miles said to his parents (Green 5). And with those words, the story and the lives of many of the characters were set into motion. Despite this fervent display of an adventurous spirit, Miles is, to a large extent, a studious, rule-following kid. Probably, Miles frequently fell victim to bullying back in Florida, and as a result, he remained laid back, not wanting to ruffle any feathers in school. Only two kids turned up at his sendoff party, and they were not attached to him. After a suggestion from his father about Culver Creek Academy in Alabama, Miles sees this as an opportunity to find who he is, reinvent himself, and create an alternative reality. Later, Miles achieves this by coming out of the quiet kid obsessed with other people’s final words cocoon and going on to become a bold prankster who asserts his existence. At Culver Creek, Miles becomes submerged in the process of finding himself. Joining his newfound friends, the Colonel, Alaska, and Takumi, he takes up smoking and ebulliently participates in the grand schemes of pranking their classmates. Although Miles still does not play the leading role in all of these, he becomes accommodative to new possibilities. Mile character shapes up more in this process, as occasioned with indulgences in crazy drinking on the weekends with friends, spending thanksgiving over at Alaska’s, and wild days roaming empty schools. To Miles, this might have been the “Great Perhaps” he had been seeking in the first place. In his religion class, in perhaps a more critical discourse, Miles delves deeper into exploring the meaning of Rabelais’s words. In a midterm essay, the protagonist explores the religious take on the existential concern of dying. “I finally decided that people believed in an afterlife because they couldn’t bear to,” Miles says (Green 65). Through the process of finding himself, Miles arises full consciousness about his existence and that of the reality surrounding him. Still, Alaska is struggling with charting her path and finding the meaning of existence. Simon Bolivar’s question, “how will I ever get out of this labyrinth is one of her greatest preoccupations. Alaska equates labyrinths to suffering (Green 54). Later, we are given a glimpse into her labyrinth—its root cause being her witnessing her mother’s death and the accompanying guilt for her inaction, which might as well have driven her to get out of her labyrinth. If this is so, then the net effects of her actions pose far-reaching consequences for Miles. While death offers Alaska an escape from her labyrinth, it creates a new labyrinth for Miles (Rybakova 117). Miles gets submerged in a maze of grief, for which he strives to get answers while at a happenstance avoiding confronting. Although Miles harbors intense love for Alaska, ultimately, he realizes that she gave up, whether or not her death was intentional. The overwhelming guilt Alaska harbored sentenced her to a sad life. In seeking forgiveness—for Alaska, and more importantly for himself, Miles chooses to soldier on in his pursuit of his great perhaps. From Alaska’s mistakes, Miles realizes that the uncertainty of life makes it worth living in the first place. Alaska’s death renders a certain sense of urgency to such existential questions, especially to Miles, who stops viewing them as theoretical. Miles finally concedes to the limitless possibilities of the great perhaps, because, in some way, he believes in an afterlife. This is particularly imperative as these musings enable characters to explore the theme of how to die. Miles makes peace with mortality, a fact he claims teenagers take for granted. In exploring how to live, there is an insistence on the value of living in the present, enjoying every minute of existence rather than anticipating future happiness. While admonishing Miles for not paying attention in class, Dr. Hyde succinctly delivers this lesson by reminding him of the Buddhist belief in being present at every moment of a person’s existence (Green 50). These words resonate with Miles, who largely detaches himself from the present instead of existing in a made-up world. Miles is constantly preoccupied with finding the great perhaps this pursuit robs him of an appreciation of the present, and a realization that his much sought great perhaps permeates the existence around him. Miles’s labyrinth is in his blatant refusal of engaging with the present, despite nudging to do so from Alaska and subtle recommendations such as Dr. Hyde’s. It takes the death of Alaska for Miles to confront the present fully, a fate that leads him to a fuller appreciation of existence and an acceptance of fate. Similarly, the Colonel seems to be a victim of this malady too. Being one of the poorer students at Culver Creek, Colonel harbors strong ambitions too much up the wealth of the Weekday Warriors someday. Colonel opines that the best day of his life was yet to happen, and this day would be one when he buys his mother a huge fucking house (Green 116). Packard observes this to be a complex arising from the gaping income disparities among students in Culver Creek and cites it as the reason for Colonel’s aggressive behavior (45). For example, Colonel constantly fights with the wealthier students as a form of release for his pent-up resentment and anger. Although Colonel acts out of spite at times, his participation in pranks on the Weekday Warriors and his stellar academic performance can be attributed to endemic reasons beyond personal pride. Through Colonel’s exuberance and his focus on prospects, viewed along with Alaska’s sudden death, the readers get a sense of the importance of the “now.” Green successfully exemplifies the fickleness of life and that the future is never guaranteed. The mystery surrounding Alaska’s death might be the most powerful lesson on how to live and die in the novel. Whether her death was a suicide or an accident should not entirely be the object of the matter as many points support either side. To properly contextualize the importance of this uncertainty, the author’s comments on the same can be instrumental. Asked to give a theory on whether the death was intentional or not, Green asserts that he left the matter ambiguous as it was for a purpose, “I made this conscious decision not to be in that car with her, and to force all of us—including me—to try to find a way to live hopefully even in the face of eternally unanswerable questions” (“Looking For Alaska FAQ — John Green”). However, the heated debate that arose concerning this death among book circles and the general public was the depiction of suicide in young adults. Logara argues that Alaska’s death does not in any way encourage teenagers to suicide; on the contrary, it serves to open up a discussion on its prevalence in society (9). This discussion is critical as the death exposed the multiple alternatives to this course of action, not only from the consequences but even from the buildup events leading to it. Miles, a teenager himself, learns vital lessons about appreciating life after Alaska’s death, lessons he would not have learned otherwise. In essence, death solidified a life-embracing perspective rather than a nihilistic perspective of life. That Green’s Looking for Alaska is a contemporary piece of literary genius is not under any doubt. Green fuses profound societal preoccupations of life and death—and still achieves a balance where life happens or has to happen. Through the existential struggles of various characters, their pursuit of life and meaning, and the preceding events from their teenage ebullience, many lessons are abounding for society. Green intended to prompt his readers into considering living positively even in the face of eternally unanswerable questions. Works Cited “Looking for Alaska FAQ — John Green”. John Green Books , 2021, Web. Coles, Amy. “John Green Fights Back Against Banning of Looking for Alaska”. The Guardian , 2016, Web. Dunder, Emma. “The Manic Pixie Dream Girls in John Green’s Looking for Alaska and Paper Towns.” (2017). Green, John. Looking for Alaska . Penguin, 2015. Hatmoko, Alinda Diah Yualita, and Titis Setyabudi. Character Changing of Miles Halter on Looking for Alaska Novel by John Green (2005): A Behaviorism Study . Diss. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, 2019. Kinser, Samuel. Rabelais’s Carnival . University of California Press, 2020. Logara, Elin. “Hopeful or harmful literature? Teenage suicide as described in the YA novels Thirteen Reasons Why, by Jay Asher, and Looking for Alaska, by John Green.” (2019). Packard, Abigail. “Looking for Alaska.” Children’s Book and Media Review 39.10 (2018): 45. Rybakova, Katie. “Dealing with Death through Dialogue: Existentialism and Looking for Alaska.” When Loss Gets Personal: Discussing Death through Literature in the Secondary ELA Classroom (2018): 117. Thoyyibah, Wasilatut. Alaska Young Copes with Grief in John Green’s Looking for Alaska . Diss. UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, 2018.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/death-and-life-in-john-greens-in-looking-for-alaska/	212
Deception in King Lear, Odyssey and Gilgamesh Essay Table of Contents 1. The Odyssey 2. King Lear 3. Epic of Gilgamesh 4. References The Odyssey In the book The Odyssey , the epic is created around the theme of trickery, which is used in escaping life-threatening situations when the Odyssey faces the one-eyed cyclops Polyphemus. Homer illustrates that deception is not always used for the worst, and by using irony, symbolism, and character, the author proves his point by showing how Odyssey devices a trick to escape Polyphemus. When Odysseus comes face-to-face with Polyphemus, who eats his friends, he quickly devises a scheme that saves him from this life-threatening circumstance. Using a trick known as “The trick of Nobody,” Odysseus tells the cyclops that his name is nobody and that “My Father and Mother call me Nobody as do all others who are my companions” (Homer et al., 2019, p. 146). Once he convinces the cyclops, Odysseus follows through by intoxicating the one-eyed monster and finding his way back to Ithaka. He blinds it once the character convinces the monster that he is nobody and intoxicates the cyclops. The monster cries out by saying, “Nobody is killing me by force or treachery” (Homer et al., 2019, p. 147). Further, the character is full of deceit, and in another instance, he tells Eumaios that “I announce that my origin is from Crete…I am a son of a rich man” (Homer et al., 2019, p.215). The forms of deception in the book seem to come effortlessly to Odysseus, and the stories he tells throughout the book serve to protect him and his family. King Lear In society, acts of crime that oppose the laws governing it can only be punished severely as treason is punished. That is the case in the tragedy of King Lear. To alter his fate and gain power, Edmund employs deception to put his brother Edgar in exile. Edmund is Gloucester’s illegitimate son and has no right to inherit the land. In the Elizabethan era, bastards had no right to inherit their father’s wealth, land included, and since Edgar is the legitimate son of Gloucester, he is the rightful heir to his wealth. However, to gain control and power over the lands inherited by Edgar, Edmund devices a plan to overthrow his half-brother. In his plan, Edmund says, “Legitimate Edgar, I must have your land” (Shakespeare, 2021, p.19). To realize his plan, Edmund deceives his father against his brother by telling him, “Never, my lord. But I have heard him oft maintain it to be fit that, sons at perfect age and fathers declined, the father should be as ward to the son, and the son manage his revenue. Never my lord” (Shakespeare, 2021, p.32). Edmund dies at the end of the book to pay for the crime he commits against his step-brother Edgar. Epic of Gilgamesh Utanapishtim is the only human the gods grant the gift of immortality, which makes the hope that Gilgamesh works within trying to find the exact gift deceit. Fortunately, when Utanapishtim was king, he was the only human who had friends, the god Ea, in the high places. The god Ea gives Utanapishtim an advance warning on the upcoming flood and gives him instructions on building a massive boat that saves him from the flood. When Gilgamesh receives instruction on finding immortality, the path leads him straight to Utanapishtim, who asks Gilgamesh (Dixon & Kick, 2018). Once Utanapishtim talks to Gilgamesh about his journey, he makes Gilgamesh realize that his case was an exception the gods made to immortality. However, even with the knowledge that no other man can become immortal, Utanapishtim challenges Gilgamesh to a contest to stay awake to trick him into gaining the gift of immortality. He does this knowing that no other man can ever achieve the same advantage. Even with Utanapishtim’s wife intervening and telling him to reveal the secret of the flower of youth, Utanapishtim believes that Gilgamesh will never succeed in using the flower. Every mistreatment Utanapishtim hands to Gilgamesh shows the harsh reality the truth about life is death (Dixon & Kick, 2018). Once he loses the flower, Gilgamesh goes back home, awaiting the reality that he, too, will die like his friend Enkidu. References Dixon, K. H., & Kick, R. (2018). The epic of Gilgamesh . Seven Stories Press. Homer, Flaxman, J., Pope, A., & Woolerton, E. (2019). The Odyssey . Sirius. Shakespeare, W. (2021). The tragedy of King Lear . Mint Editions.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/deception-in-king-lear-odyssey-and-gilgamesh/	213
Decision-Analysis and Problem-Solving Techniques Report Abstract Due to the increasing complexity of making optimal business decisions, organizations require tools to understand current processes and act preemptively. This work articulates tools used in this process: analysis techniques applied to innovative solutions, cause-and-effect approach to risk evaluation, and strategies of investment decision analysis. The United Arab Emirates has been effective and successful in business decision analysis. This paper discusses instances in which well-executed decisions have highly improved organizational operations. The study will largely uncover crucial aspects and decision techniques while critically examining each of them to ascertain the workability of the techniques, especially within the UAE context. Descriptive, Predictive, and Prescriptive Analytics Techniques Descriptive Analytics Descriptive analytics entails the technique focused on analyzing past data, providing insights that can assist organizations in making decisions. The analysis of previously obtained data can be applied to determine what has happened, which can then determine the likelihood of future events (Fahl, 2017). Descriptive analytics can help with various population management tasks such as health data analytics (El Morr & Ali Hassan, 2019). However, the use spans beyond the healthcare realm; most of the statistics used in daily business operations fall into the descriptive analysis category (Fahl, 2017). This analysis has been largely adopted and utilized in many businesses around the United Arab Emirates to solve managerial issues. Innovative solutions often come as an organizational response to novel challenges. In social sciences, descriptive analytics is used to analyze contemporary tasks when boundaries between the actual phenomenon and real life are not evident (Mahmood et al., 2019). This approach is used in UAE increasingly: for instance, UAE has experienced a rapid rise in technological diversity in the XXI century. Organizations face the inevitable complexity in distinguishing the present and anticipated changes, requiring a scientific approach to problem-solving. Within the framework of decision science, a descriptive insight allowed to attain the prospective solution. The transition in technology has resulted in managerial problems within UAE. Therefore, practical decision-making was required to solve the underlying problem. Specifically, organizations had to produce methods of utilizing the changing technology to institute performance among employees. The use of descriptive analysis allowed UAE businesses to observe trends such as, for instance, average salaries in given years or individuals’ spending power (Fahl, 2017). Analyzing such data allowed to form a comprehensive evaluation and to meet the increasing performance demands of the organization. Predictive Analytics Predictive analytics is the summative assessment technique that mainly relies on predictive modeling. It is a method of obtaining information from already collected data and predicting behavioral patterns and trends (Fahl, 2017). Predictive modeling helps to minimize uncertainty not just in the future but also in the present and past (Fahl, 2017). Data-driven predictive analytics models detect patterns or relationships in historical data and then project the discovered relationships into the future (Greasley, 2019). Such an approach is convenient since it predicts an outcome that can enhance organizational ability to adjust their decision accordingly. Predictive analytics in the business world mainly deals with experimental queries: for example, predicting an organization’s annual revenue or a product demand at a future time. This approach can be used for problems that involve decision science, for instance, in online marketing. Recently, UAE was faced with several marketing challenges, which called for a change in its strategy (Alomar et al., 2020). Dubai, which has been experiencing an increase in tourism, struggled to showcase its products globally (Alomar et al., 2020). The predictive analysis technique has a profound impact on the ways organizations market their products to reach global coverage. Predictive analysis, however, is capable of solving much more complex challenges than single-sentence queries. Decision-makers can effectively apply predictive analytics by performing the process of data mining and hypothesis testing (Dinesh Kumar, 2017). With the help of relevant variables, a statistical model can then be developed. Such models have been adopted to solve performance-related challenges (Sun et al., 2021). Predictive modeling plays a major role in performance evaluation, allowing for efficient metrics consideration and enhancing the accuracy of outcomes. Prescriptive Analytics Prescriptive analytics is the frontier of business analytics, which identifies the optimal solution for a problem or generally the best course of action. It mainly relies on artificial intelligence to assist the decision-maker with identifying the optimal solution, given the problem context (Dinesh Kumar, 2017). This framework can produce several optimized alternatives depending on the problem complexity and within a reasonable period (Mahammed et al., 2018). Often, computer-generated solutions are highly efficient for solving complex organizational challenges. Organizations use prescriptive analytics to solve complex optimization problems of the modern era. A recent analysis by Mahmood et al. (2019) revealed that the UAE adopted this technique to analyze the rational use of medicine and prescription drugs within several local hospitals. For instance, the study adopted a multicenter prospective cross-sectional comparative design to analyze four critical locations (Mahmood et al., 2019). The prescriptive analysis highly influenced the decision and affirmed the importance of such strategies in minimizing the consequences of poly-pharmacy. Figure 1. Fishbone cause-and-effect diagram evaluating data management risks Data Management Risks’ Evaluation A well-regulated and secure data management system is crucial for successfully maintaining a business. Breach of security is commonly attributed to human or machine aspects, and organizational flaws. Misplacement of data negatively impacts organizations’ operations since time and resources are diverted towards retrieving the lost information. Irreparable file loss often damages the operations and thus employees’ performance. Data loss occurs in several forms: it can happen through electronic erasure or physical damage to data storage. Whichever instance it is, all of them may render data unusable for the intended purposes. While, in some cases, data loss is recoverable, there is no guarantee for recovering the entirety of data every time. Accidental file deletion has been a major data threat to some aspects of operations, especially when backing up files is not commonly practiced (Hubbard, 2020). Recoverable deletion mainly relies on artificial intelligence and backup sources; it also relies on costly and skills of the IT department experts. Both suffering the data loss and recovering the data may be substantially expensive. The occurrence of data loss has resulted in catastrophic impacts, most notable including disruption of the organizational activities in terms of day-to-day operations. Several risks have been associated with data loss, which has proved costly for the organization to manage. For instance, there may be a 5% annual chance of a major data breach. If the breach occurs, there is a 90% chance the financial impact will be between $1 million and $20 million (Hubbard, 2020). Besides the cost factor, organization productivity suffers in data loss, particularly on the loss of production-related data. Causes Manpower Causes: Human Errors Human resources cause is directly associated with people’s actions, whether it be employees, higher management, or any other human beings. Human errors are classified under two categories: intentional and unintentional errors. Intentional errors are purported actions: purposeful deletion of data from a computer system or leaking vital information to outsiders. Unintentional include accidental deletion of data or accidental sharing of files. Arguably, human error is managed by administering proper training to enhance human skills (Hubbard, 2020). Additionally, human access to machines can be controlled to manage intentional actions of individuals on data loss. Manpower Causes: Computer Theft Computer theft is the second human-related action that results in data loss. It entails an actual loss of machines containing crucial data of the organization. Recently, analysis indicated the transition from immobile computers to personal laptops; the resulting increase in portability raises the instances of theft (Paluzzi, 2019). Often, an employee’s loss of their laptop results in the subsequent loss of data or breach in security (Ponemon Institute LLC, 2018). Overall, loss of property such as personal computers or hard drives frequently results in the subsequent breach of data safety. Machine Causes: Malware and Viruses Viruses are unintended computer programs that alter the functionality of computer applications. The occurrence of viruses commonly results in increased loss of data due to the destruction of the operating system. Viruses enter systems through connections such as file downloads and email links. Such links contain malware that alters the operation and damages computer software. Backing up data while keeping installed antivirus will prevent data loss within the organization (Hubbard, 2020). However, the optimal and most applied solution for the problem is installing antivirus software that then acts as a guard against malware. Material and Hardware Damage Hardware is a vital component of the computer; it stores a voluminous amount of data that is crucial for its operation. Damage to hardware may result in a total loss of data. For instance, hard drives often occur as secondary storage; their fragile construction renders them susceptible to damage. 140,000 drives crash daily, resulting in a total loss of data stored on them, which indicates the vulnerability of this method ( Mohammed, Ambak, Mosa, & Syamsunur, 2019). To prevent data loss that results from hard drive damage, additional secondary storage should be attached to the system while keeping backup constantly and periodically. Companies may administer personnel training to minimize damage related to handling. Environmental Causes: Power Outage Power is critical in every organization; an outage resulting in a sudden shutdown of servers and personal computers could result in total data loss. Businesses may install backup generators in workplaces to quickly mitigate the impact of power outages. Natural disasters may also have a sudden and drastic effect on data security through physical impact. For instance, floods, earthquakes, and tsunamis may directly result in the machine destruction and total loss of data. Businesses may create a solution to this through modern technologies such as cloud backups. Investment Analysis Maximax Optimistic Under the maximax approach, the decision-maker chooses the action to result in the best payoff in the market. Following the Maximax criterion, the manager in this situation would aim for the decision alternative with the highest potential profit. In the best-case scenario, commodity investment may provide a payoff of $32,760. Based on the optimistic approach, the most desirable decision is to invest in commodities. This decision may provide the decision-maker with comparatively higher rates than either mutual funds or cryptocurrency. Minimax Regret The minimax regret approach is adapted to institute an investment decision with the least regrets or, in other words, with losses minimized. Based on the analysis, mutual funds have the minimax regret with the value of $6,110. Based on the minimax regret approach, the most desirable decision is to invest in mutual funds. This decision may secure the decision-maker with comparatively lesser losses than commodities or cryptocurrency. Decision Tree Based on the decision tree strategy, investment in commodities is considered the best alternative in the investment portfolio. Based on the decision tree approach, the most desirable decision is to invest in commodities. Subsequently, a comparative analysis of the remaining alternatives results in a preference for cryptocurrency over mutual funds. Thus, the order of preference for the decision-maker would be commodities, followed by cryptocurrency, and finally by mutual funds. Overall, all three strategies would produce different outcomes, and it would be up to the decision-maker to see which one they seem most fit. Conclusion In brief, the study focused on analyzing vital decision-making techniques. It did conclusive coverage on descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analytics. The paper reiterated the importance of each analytical approach and ascertained its efficacy. An oversight into the UAE operations validated the importance of all aspects discussed. The fishbone diagram pointed out cause-effect analysis of risks associated with incomplete data, data security, and ethics. Furthermore, it identified data loss as the only problem and elucidated several causes. Finally, an analysis of the best investment was conducted, in which a different platform was attained depending on the strategy used. References Alomar, M., Tawfiq, A. M., Hassan, N., & Palaian, S. (2020). Post marketing surveillance of suspected adverse drug reactions through spontaneous reporting: Current status, challenges, and the future. Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety , 11 , 2042098620938595. Web. Dinesh Kumar, U. (2017). Business analytics: The science of data-driven decision making . Wiley India. El Morr, C., & Ali-Hassan, H. (2019). Descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive Analytics. In C. El Morr & H. Ali-Hassan (Eds.), Analytics in Healthcare: A Practical Introduction (pp. 31–55). Springer International Publishing. Web. Fahl, J. (2017). Data analytics: A practical guide to data analytics for business, beginner to expert. CREATESPACE. Greasley, A. (2019). Simulating business processes for descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analytics . De G Press. Hubbard, D. W. (2020). The failure of risk management: Why it’s broken and how to fix it (2 nd ed.). Wiley. Mahammed, N., Benslimane, S. M., Ouldkradda, A., & Fahsi, M. (2018). Evolutionary business process optimization using a multiple-criteria decision analysis method. 2018 International Conference on Computer, Information and Telecommunication Systems (CITS) , 1–5. Web. Mahmood, A., Elnour, A. A., Ali, A. A. A., Hassan, N. A. G. M., Shehab, A., & Bhagavathula, A. S. (2019). Evaluation of rational use of medicines (RUM) in four government hospitals in UAE. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal , 24 (2), 189–196. Web. Mohammed, A. A., Ambak, K., Mosa, A. M., & Syamsunur, D. (2019). A Review of the traffic accidents and related practices worldwide. The Open Transportation Journal , 13 (1), 65–83. Web. Paluzzi, M. (2019). Paying Prices for Swiped Devices: Addressing the issue of medical identity theft from unencrypted stolen laptops. University of Illinois Law Review , 2019 , 1415. Ponemon Institute LLC. (2018). Cost of data breach study: Impact of business continuity management (p. 33) [Benchmark research]. Ponemon Institute LLC. Sun, H., Burton, H. V., & Huang, H. (2021). Machine learning applications for building structural design and performance assessment: State-of-the-art review. Journal of Building Engineering , 33 , 101816. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/decision-analysis-and-problem-solving-techniques/	214
Decision Support System, Business Intelligence and Examples of Analytics Essay The original concept of a Decision Support System (DSS) defined it as a computerized supporting supplement for decision-makers. It serves to gather and analyze large amounts of data to expand the capabilities but not to replace the course of the initial decision. Such a system can be easily programmed for user needs and output data in graphical form, for example, to forecast a company’s future income. Business Intelligence (BI) is a generalized term that is used to describe a combination of analytical tools, methodologies, and applications. (Sharda 2019). DSS originated from BI, but in fact, remains the most used system at the moment. Reporting plays a huge role in the use of Business Intelligence, according to which the user must determine for himself whether a particular situation deserves attention, and only then can apply analytical methods. The key difference between these two definitions is that DSS is a computerized system for obtaining information that helps make decisions in an organization or business community. At the same time, BI acts as a tool that uses various programs that help in organizing and managing data or valuable information within an organization. While DSS helps the user detect errors existing in the program and analyze information for decision-making, BI helps with automatic analysis and, therefore, gives suggestions that have only the implementation stage left. Another difference is that DSS requires more time to start implementation since the processes mostly involve manual processing. BI requires less time to complete all functions since the computer thinks for itself and therefore does not require manual control. Analytics can be considered a process of developing practical solutions or recommendations for actions based on information obtained from historical data. The meaning of the word analytics has seriously expanded and no longer serves to designate individual components of computer technologies previously available under specific labels. (Sharda 2019). Today, analytics is a combination of technology, scientific methods, and statistics combined to solve specific problems. Entire industries resort to data analytics to develop reports on what is happening and predict future consequences. Almost all managers begin to understand how important the analytical component is for developing their field and turn to technological systems to simplify these processes. In the domain of healthcare, analytics covers a wide range of applications, from diagnostics to effective fraud prevention. One of the examples is an analytic approach to the falls of the senior population. Wounds received by falling reduce the number of the elderly population and become a crucial problem for the group the population over 65 years of age. Accordingly, such a situation significantly increases the government’s costs for treating the elderly. According to the statistics, the direct costs of falls were estimated at $34 billion in 2013 alone. (Sharda 2019). At the moment, falls are one of the leading factors of both fatal and non-fatal injuries in people over 65 years old. It is also worth noting that they increase the risk of disability in this population group by up to 50 percent. Currently, there is no strict identification methodology for identifying a group of people prone to injuries from falls since this statistic cannot be as objective as cancer or diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, such analytical studies have helped raise awareness of the problem and take concrete steps to reduce the risks of falls (for example, increased utilization of physical therapy services). Reference Sharda, R., Delen, D., & Turban, E. (2019). Analytics, data science, & artificial intelligence: Systems for decision support (11th ed.) . Pearson Education Limited.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/decision-support-system-business-intelligence-and-examples-of-analytics/	215
Defending Haslanger Against Race Essentialism Essay Table of Contents 1. Thesis 2. Core Argument 3. Possible Objections 4. Rebuttal 5. Conclusion 6. References Thesis Haslanger’s claim that both gender and race are real and both are social categories is constructive since defining both terms depends on the political aims in analyzing the past and present and in envisioning alternatives. Core Argument In her argument against racial essentialism, Sally Haslanger states that both gender and race are real and basically social categories. She states that both terms are not chosen, but “the forms they take can be mutated or restricted” (Haslanger, 2016, p. 116). Third, both terms are hierarchical, but the systems that sustain this form of the hierarchy are conditional. Haslanger claims that the ideologies of gender are race and the hierarchical structures they sustain are different, but both terms are basically intertwined. Haslanger develops a comprehensive argument based on some questions. She seeks to answer the principle questions of “what is gender” and what is a race” and related questions such as “what is to be a woman or a man” and “what is to be Latino, White, Black, or Asian” (Haslanger, 2016, p. 118). These questions require one to consider their needs and what they need to do for the person defining them. It is the responsibility of the person to define the questions based on their purpose (Beeghly, 2021a). The world tells the person what gender or race is, and it is the role of the people to decide what these terms mean in their world. The author uses critical theory from a feminist and anti-racial perspective and the concepts of normativity and commonality. Haslanger states that races, just like gender, are racialized groups whose membership needs three specific criteria. First, members of races are those who are either imagined or observed to have features or aspects of the human body that are evidence of a given ancestry based on geographical locations (Barnes, 2017). Secondly, having or imagining to have those specific bodily features marks the members as occupying a given privileged or subordinate social position, which then justifies the position. Third, having satisfied the two previous criteria is important in the systemic subordination or privilege of the members. The author adds that many forms of racial identity “…are valuable, important, and inevitable responses to racial hierarchy” (Haslanger, 2012, p. 30). Therefore, in such contexts, racial identities do not need to focus exclusively on privilege or subordination. The author further states that people should not be afraid to embrace the cultural groups that are marked by appearance and ancestry in the short term as they fight for equality and justice. However, she states that what is worrying is embracing these aspects on a long-term basis. In general, the possibilities of human bodies are not wholly a function of the understanding of the body itself. Rather, Haslanger states that human bodies outdo them in spite of the meanings given to them. In her conclusion, Haslanger states that it is the responsibility of people to define what gender and race are for theoretical purposes and usage. Accordingly, the words “gender” and “race” themselves cannot tell what gender and race mean, respectively. Instead, defining these terms requires people to keep clearly in their minds the intended political aims of analyzing the past and the present while also envisioning alternative futures. In essence, people should not be worried about what gender and race really are (Lynch, 2017). Rather, they should start by asking what they want them to be, both in political and theoretical senses. Possible Objections From a scientific point of view, it is possible to identify some problems in the argument by Haslanger. Race and gender are distinct terms that identify specific aspects of humans based on biological differences that their existence cannot be objected. In terms of gender, one is male, female, or transgender (Beeghly, 2021b). A male individual has a body that has the specific features of the gender, all of which are evidenced by bodily features. Such features are physical, physiological, and anatomical. A male body has such features as a distinct duct system made up of the vas deferens and epididymis, accessory glands including the prostate and seminal vesicles, the penis, and the related hormones. With these biological hormones, the male body develops to have physical features such as facial hair, a distinct form of pubic hair, a broken voice, and other aspects (Dash, 2019). In the same way, the female body has distinct biological features such as hormones, glands, the uterus, vagina, ovaries, and others. The hormones produced from these features make the body develop observable features such as breasts and others common in women. Race can be defined from a biological point of view. Scientifically, people have different body features because of their genetic compositions, which are different based on their ancestry. Scientific evidence classifies people based on their races, which are specific due to differences in genetic compositions (Lindsey, 2020). Blacks, White, Latino, Asians, Natives, Aborigines, and other groups have specific genes that make them appear the way they are. People with African ancestry tend to have dark skin because of a high level of melanosomes in their skin cells. Indians are second after Africans in terms of the level of melanosomes in their skin cells, followed by Mexicans, Chinese, Japanese, and Europeans in that order (Keister & Southgate, 2021). The rationale is scientifically proven because the higher the number of melanosomes in the skin cells, the higher the ability of an individual to withstand hot temperatures. People of African origins have had to overcome hot temperatures common in Africa, thus the need for more melanosomes. Rebuttal Despite the scientific evidence showing that Haslanger’s point of view is flawed, it is clear that her claim is justified. In her argument, Haslanger (2012) argues within the context of the social and political definition of both race and gender. It is worth noting that constructivism cuts through the cultural and political dimensions (Connell, 2020). Haslanger’s views are paradigmatic of political constructivism through the understanding of the meaning of gender and race as determined by hierarchical relations of power (Jenkins, 2016). The definition given to race and gender is variable and depends on the purpose that a society or group wants to achieve. The terms gender and race do not have to mean themselves until people define what they want them to mean or imply from a social and political context. People define race and gender based on the social context of power and politics (Díaz-León, 2018). For example, despite the fact that scientific evidence proves that someone is half racial because he has both European and African genes, he is classified as “colored” and considered a “minority,” and in that case, “less privileged” or “disadvantaged.” Conclusion This review supports that both gender and race are real and both are social categories is constructive since defining both terms depends on the political aims in analyzing the past and present and in envisioning alternatives. Even though there is scientific evidence that provides specific definitions of gender and race, the terms are applied for the purpose of achieving some meaning due to political and social aspects. References Barnes, E. (2017). Realism and social structure. Philosophical Studies , 174 (10), 2417-2433. Web. Beeghly, E. (2021a) . Embodiment and oppression: Reflections on haslanger, gender, and race . Lexington Books. Beeghly, E. (2021b). Reflections on Haslanger, Gender, and Race. The logic of racial practice: Explorations in the habituation of racism . Lexington Books Connell, R. (2020). The social organization of masculinity . Routledge. Dash, J. (2019). The melanin effect . Independently Published. Díaz-León, E. (2018). On Haslanger’s meta-metaphysics: Social structures and metaphysical deflationism. Disputatio: International Journal of Philosophy , 10 (50). Haslanger, S. (2012). Gender and race: (What) are they? (What) do we want them to be? In Resisting reality . Oxford University Press. Haslanger, S. (2016). What is a (social) structural explanation? Philosophical Studies 173 (1), 113-130. Jenkins, K. (2016). Amelioration and inclusion: Gender identity and the concept of woman. Ethics , 126 (2), 394-421. Keister, L. A., & Southgate, D. E. (2021). Inequality: A contemporary approach to race, class, and gender . Cambridge University Press. Lindsey, L. L. (2020). Gender: Sociological perspectives . Routledge. Lynch, T. (2017). Social construction and social critique: Haslanger, race, and the study of religion. Critical Research on Religion , 5 (3), 284-301. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/defending-haslanger-against-race-essentialism/	216
Defining Mexican Culture and Its Special Features Research Paper Naturally, for me, Mexican culture is hard to define within a paragraph or even a whole essay. It is because of the wide variety of nuances, influences, and history that reaches Mesoamerican civilizations such as Mayan and Aztec. There are many manifestations of Mexican culture – in art, food, customs, values, and religion. Hence, if I were to define Mexican culture, I would say that it is a unique blend of Mesoamerican heritage mixed with European cultural influences that shaped the linguistic and religious beliefs. In general, when describing Mexican culture, one of the first things that come to mind is religion. Mexican people are very religious as some of the significant Mexican holidays are religious, such as Feast of Our Lady of Guadeloupe, which is celebrated to 12th December. Although Christianity was imposed onto Aztec and Mayan civilizations, it later became an essential part of the Mexican belief system. Spirituality and family values are also key characteristics of Mexican culture. For example, the Day of the Dead festival (1st & 2nd November) represents both of those values as it unites all families to remember and honor relatives and friends who passed away. Their souls come back to Earth; hence, families prepare unique offerings to treat their ancestors. In modern popular culture, it is easy to imagine the first associations that people have when they hear about Mexico. They probably imagine something from this list: big hats, colorful clothes, delicious food, and mariachi bands. I would select three symbols representing Mexican culture: costumes during the Day of the Dead celebration (1), Mariachi band, and Pyramid of the Moon: Teotihuacán (3). Day of the Dead celebration represents the mystical, spiritual, and family-oriented tradition, which connects living people with the dead, creating a strong bond with one’s ancestors. It is hard to imagine any holiday without a decent mariachi band. Music is a big part of Mexican culture, as it represents the passion and the spirit of the human soul. Finally, the pyramids that can be found across Mexico symbolize the connection of Mexican culture with Mesoamerican civilizations. References Mettler, L (2019). The top pyramids in Mexico to visit. Web. n. a. (2021). Mexico’s Culture. Web. Pilger, Z. (2021). Mexico: A culture that celebrates darkness as an essential part of life. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/defining-mexican-culture-and-its-special-features/	217
Definition of Ignition Interlock and Its Benefit Research Paper Ignition interlock installation is affordable across the states and helps avoid the much money spent after road accidents. Some states have set up programs that assist low-income clients with ignition interlock installation costs. According to a report by Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), installing an ignition interlock costs approximately $70 to $150 (Mothers Against Drunk Driving). Furthermore, the device monitoring and calibration costs around $60 and $80 (Mothers Against Drunk Driving). The total annual cost of installation and calibration, including breathalyzers’ monitoring costs, is $1000 (NHTSA 7). Ignition interlock installation could help avoid the expenses of road accidents, including medical fees, burial costs, car repair, and save the money lost due to reduced workplace productivity. Loss of lives is costly to the victims’ families, who are left to take care of the orphans and close family members of the deceased. Road accidents might involve family breadwinners who care for their families’ basic needs. Upon the breadwinner’s death, the immediate family members become dependent on other family members. The dead’s families incur the burial costs and take care of the deceased’s children. In the United States, funeral costs may go as high as $7000, depending on the type of funeral services the family prefers (Whitley et al.). The burial costs are more expensive than breathalyzers’ installation costs. Extending the deceased’s children’s financial needs to close family members is costly since it involves extra expenditure. The victim’s family is often left in financial hardship upon their member’s death. The use of breathalyzers among vehicles is economically beneficial since it helps avoid straining the financial costs of road accidents. The U.S government has been on the frontline in advocating for affordable interlock ignition installation that helps prevent road accidents. Furthermore, the current installation cost of the breathalyzers is affordable among Americans with average income salaries. Road accidents result in death and destruction of property, including the cars involved. Loss of lives is also inevitable during fatal road accidents causing grief and economic loss among the victims’ families. The accidents might also cause permanent medical conditions that are expensive to treat. Installation of ignition interlock helps save the costs incurred in medical expenses, car repair, burial expenses, among other consequences of road accidents. Breathalyzers help prevent road accidents that have long-term effects on the economy and victims’ families’ livelihoods. Loss of life has a long-term impact on the deceased families since they have to survive without their loved ones. Furthermore, the family has to adopt new roles and identify financial streaming channels, especially if the deceased was the family breadwinner. Some road accidents have led to many students dropping out of school due to a lack of school fees. The children might have depended on their parents, who died in the road accident. Dropping out of school may lead to indulgence in crimes that may be costly to the family of the deceased and the society at large. Installing breathalyzers in vehicles is beneficial as it helps the victims’ families avoid future expenses. Interlock ignition installation is a valuable investment among countries since it helps avoid the cost future cost of road accidents. The economic performance depends on the companies’ effectiveness (World Bank 12). The companies rely on human resources who know to improve the production system. Road accidents that lead to loss of lives may lead to loss of crucial professionals in the economic system. The companies might be forced to outsource similar services, which could be expensive. A country with reduced road accident rates spends less money outsourcing public assistance and medical equipment. Furthermore, the government will spend less money on orphanages. Therefore, investing in breathalyzers’ installation is valuable to the country and the victims’ families since they avoid future expenses. Various factors affect the adoption of breathalyzers among the drivers. Through sensitivity analysis, factors such as the installation costs, monthly recalibrating costs, government interventions, and individual perceptions may affect the rate of interlock ignition installation. Over time, the breathalyzer’s installation costs have decreased drastically to allow everyone to afford it. The breathalyzers were expensive in the past compared to the current installation prices ( Riordan et al. 4). Consequently, many drivers have been influenced to purchase and install breathalyzers. The U.S government has intervened to reduce the price of breathalyzers installation. Furthermore, the policymakers have been actively involved in legislating laws against driving under the influence of alcohol. Different states in the U.S impose penalties on those found driving while drunk (Edgar Snyder). The hash penalties have influenced the drivers to install the breathalyzers to avoid accidents and jurying innocent pedestrians. Furthermore, personal traumatic experiences greatly influence the possibility of installing breathalyzers. Drivers who have been involved in road accidents but survived would install the devices. The drivers who have lost family members to drunk driving would also install breathalyzers to avoid accidents. Several factors sensitized installation and adoption of breathalyzer uses among the drivers, and the elements may positively or negatively influence the installation process. Cited Works Edgar Snyder. “Drunk Driving Laws and Penalties by State.” Edgarsnyder.com , Web. Mothers Against Drunk Driving. “Ignition Interlocks, One Year Later.” madd.org, 2017. Web. NHTSA. “Alcohol Ignition Interlock Use Rates Following Changes in Interlock Legislation.” National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2020. Riordan, Benjamin C., et al. “The accuracy and promise of personal breathalyzers for research: Steps toward a cost-effective reliable measure of alcohol intoxication.” Digital health 3 (2017). Web. World Bank (2017). The high toll of traffic injuries: Unacceptable and Preventable . [online] Washington: World Bank Group, p.11. Web. Whitley, Sarah C., et al. “Relational Spending in Funerals: Caring for Others Loved and Lost.” Journal of Consumer Psychology (2021). Web. World Bank (2017). The high toll of traffic injuries: Unacceptable and Preventable . [online] Washington: World Bank Group, p.11. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/definition-of-ignition-interlock-and-its-benefit/	218
Deforestation and Effective Ways to Prevent It Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Strategies for Preventing Deforestation 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction Deforestation has been one of the most significant threats to sustainability in the contemporary world. This process implies the excessive use of forests, including the lands and the wood material, for agriculture, fuel generation, and others. Indeed, forests are being cut into too large clear areas for fields to grow agricultural products to feed animals. Moreover, the demand for wood as a material has increased, which has yielded the intensification of deforestation. This tendency is now sustainability and environmental issue since deforestation particularly contributes to increasing greenhouse gas emissions (Miyamoto 1). Therefore, it is imperative to identify the most effective ways of reducing deforestation on a global scale to ensure environmental safety and sustainable economic development from a long-term perspective. Strategies for Preventing Deforestation The most effective way of solving the problem and preventing deforestation is through large-scale actions that would necessitate industries to comply with standards for deforestation minimization. According to Castro-Nunez et al., agriculture is the industry that causes the most harm to forests (5). Therefore, the first strategy that is likely to produce positive outcomes in terms of deforestation prevention is the intensification of standards and requirements for agricultural corporations. In particular, there are two ways to implement this strategy, namely through initiatives like zero-deforestation value chain interventions and supply chain restructuring to minimize excessive use of forests (Castro-Nunez et al. 5). If large corporations comply with such policies on a global scale, the change will be possible to achieve, and deforestation will be prevented. Secondly, initiatives on a governmental level should be broadened and intensified to ensure collaboration and commitment to the zero-deforestation goals by both the private and public sectors. Indeed, the use of forested lands should be strictly controlled by governmental bodies to promote sustainable use of forests by both public companies and private industry actors. Thirdly, the connection between poverty and deforestation implies implementing poverty-reduction policies as a way of deforestation prevention. Indeed, Miyamoto suggests that due to the high costs of sustainability policies implementation, developing countries, especially tropical ones, suffer from excessive deforestation due to their economic incapability to adhere to zero-deforestation programs within their industries (1-2). Therefore, special efforts should be devoted to addressing poverty issues to ensure that both developed and developing countries contribute to preventing deforestation globally. Thirdly, other effective ways of prevention might be implemented in a more short-term manner and on a smaller scale. Indeed, the actions of individual citizens might have a positive impact on deforestation minimization. Therefore, developing habits of choosing brands that employ zero-deforestation policies might promote a positive change in the problem area. Moreover, engaging in paper and wood recycling practices, planting trees, and using sustainable and recyclable products might be effective individual practices to reduce and prevent deforestation. Conclusion In summation, the latest intensification of adverse climate change processes has been closely linked to excessive deforestation. It is through effective preventative measures that the global community will be able to minimize greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental harm generated due to deforestation. Among the long-term and global methods of prevention, zero-deforestation policies, joint public-private efforts, and poverty reduction should be implemented. As for the individual level, people should develop sustainable lifestyle habits to have a positive influence on deforestation minimization. Works Cited Castro-Nunez, Augusto, et al. “Reducing Deforestation through Value Chain Interventions in Countries Emerging from Conflict: The Case of the Colombian Cocoa Sector.” Applied Geography, vol. 123, 2020, pp. 1-22. Miyamoto, Motoe. “Poverty Reduction Saves Forests Sustainably: Lessons for Deforestation Policies.” World Development, vol. 127, 2020, pp. 1-12.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/deforestation-and-effective-ways-to-prevent-it/	219
Delta Airlines Affected by Globalization and Technological Changes Essay Table of Contents 1. Delta airlines 2. Globalization 3. Technology 4. Industrial Organization Model 5. Resource-Based Model 6. Vision 7. Mission 8. Stakeholders 9. Sources Delta airlines The aviation sector is one of the performing industries in the world markets. Several firms have ventured into the business to provide transportation services across the globe. Delta Airlines is an American corporation that operates a large number of aircraft for both passengers and cargo carriers domestically and internationally. The business organization is based in Atlanta, Georgia, where most of its flight activities are undertaken. Rapid globalization and technological changes have greatly influenced the performance of Delta Airlines by impacting the overall business processes in air travel. Globalization Globalization integrates both local and international economies, people, and cultures through trade, communication, and transportation. The rapid growth of national markets has increased the interest of many corporations to venture and offer their services in such places. The performance of international markets has prompted the increasing process of globalization. The process has impacted companies positively and negatively in different ways (Hitt et al., 1, p.8). For instance, globalization has made Delta Airlines explore and establish its operations in many countries worldwide. The expansion is essential since it allows the firm to access many passengers who use its services, thus increasing its revenue. Similarly, the rapid growth of international and domestic economies has created the need for transport services. People have to travel from one country to another to conduct business operations; this creates a market gap for the airline to offer the transportation of the commodities involved. Individuals interested in the globalized markets search for suppliers operating globally to transact businesses leading to an increase in air travel because of the continuous supply of commodities and investment in different locations. Globalization has also impacted Delta Airlines through increased global competition. The integration of many economies contributes to many players in the aviation industry. Many airline companies have also taken advantage of the process to expand their operations in different places resulting in high competition in the industry. For instance, Southern Airlines Corporation is one of the biggest firms that provide transportation services across the globe, thus making the market to be competitive, thus making Delta strategize its operations. The rivalry makes the firms receive reduced profit or improve their services to have a competitive advantage over the opponents. Delta Airlines is affected by the political atmosphere in some countries, making the business organization reduce or cancel flights to most war-prone nations. The increased threat of terrorist attacks has made the company invest in training crew members on how to handle similar situations, thus increasing the organization’s expenditure. There is a decline in the number of passengers traveling because of fear due to such criminal activities making the firm register low income. Technology Rapid changes in technology have significantly impacted Delta Company in several ways. First, the firm has adopted an online booking system whereby passengers buy their tickets without visiting their offices. Similarly, the company uses facial recognition tech to identify and verify passengers at the airport during check-in. They also use the system to check customers’ bags to enhance their security. The approach allows the organization to minimize clients’ time while undergoing the verification of the details. Passengers, while onboard, can use Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) to track their luggage in real-time, making them feel at ease without fear of losing their belongings. The improvement in technology has made the company an innovative flight safety app that uses big data to analyze weather patterns and provide real-time details of the flight path (Mikalef et al., 2, p. 280). Delta’s proprietary application is located in the cockpit, making it easier for navigators to identify potential turbulence on their way. The app reduces blind flight, thus lowering weather-related accidents hence ensuring the safety of passengers and the crews. Similarly, the use of social media and eCommerce has made the firm reach most customers locally and internationally. Delta uses its website page for advertising its services, thus making it easier for customers from across the globe to choose it from other service providers in the industry. The technology has ensured it has many passengers attracted following its excellent services and communication on the online platform, increasing its sales. The rate at which technology is changing is also a challenge to the company since most of its tech is considered obsolete, thus forcing the management to acquire the modern system. For instance, the company has currently developed a Delta check-in app that allows passengers to pre-check 24 hours before the flight (Feng et al., 3, p. 825). After using the system, customers are not expected to go through the usual procedure of boarding the plane. Industrial Organization Model Delta Airlines has developed a specific strategic management technique that grants it an added advantage in the aviation industry. Airline operation is majorly affected by external forces such as fluctuation of fuel prices, which increase the companies’ charges. The high cost of petroleum makes corporations spend more money, thus lowering their return. The management of Delta has its own Oil refinery, which makes it incur less expenditure on fuels making the organization reduce passenger fares below its competitors hence attracting more customers and leading to above-average returns. Resource-Based Model Globalization has made the aviation industry to be very competitive as companies compete to have as many loyal customers as possible. The resource-based view is a significant aspect that can be used to evaluate the performance of a firm. Delta Company has various assets, such as aircraft that it owns. The ownership gives the organization ability to pocket high revenue compared to competitors that lease the planes (Hitt et al., 1. P. 17). Similarly, it has a tremendous human capital that effectively understands how the corporation works. Its employees are not unionized, which makes it easier for the management to negotiate with them inflexible manner. Vision A vision statement is a significant part of an organization since it reflects the values of the firm and creates a deep connection among the stakeholders of the business. Delta’s vision is “to be the World’s Most Trusted Airline,” (Lin et al., 4, p. 160). The company’s vision assures employees and other shareholders that the company can be reliable and its services are efficient. The statement makes management put more effort and build a cordial relationship with workers to enhance their performance. Mission An organization’s mission statement is significant because it focuses mainly on the product and customers. Delta’s mission “we—Delta’s employees, customers, and community partners together form a force for positive local and global change, dedicated to bettering standards of living and the environment where we and our customers live and work” (Yilmaz & Flouris 5, p. 82). It portrays the positive benefits the firm intended to offer. Delta’s mission indicates how the company is dedicated to ensuring its consumers have a better life through safe and timely travel to their destinations. Stakeholders Stakeholders of an organization have a crucial role to play in facilitating the success of the business. Delta Company has reliable capital market shareholders that provide the firm with the necessary resources to enhance its operations. Similarly, the organization has developed a good connection with host communities by offering essential services. This act gives the company loyal product market stakeholders who choose it over other airlines in the industry. Lastly, its organizational stakeholders contribute so much to the business’s success. For instance, pilots agreed to have a pay cut during the crisis to ensure the organization remained active in the market. Sources Hitt, Ireland, & Hoskisson. 2020. Strategic management: Concepts and cases: Competitiveness and globalization (13th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning Mikalef, P., Boura, M., Lekakos, G., & Krogstie, J. (2019). Big data analytics capabilities and innovation: the mediating role of dynamic capabilities and moderating effect of the environment. British Journal of Management, 30(2), 272-298. Web. Feng, W., Tu, R., Lu, T., & Zhou, Z. 2019. Understanding forced adoption of self-service technology: the impacts of users’ psychological reactance. Behaviour & Information Technology, 38(8), 820-832. Web. Lin, Y. H., Ryan, C., Wise, N., & Low, L. W. 2018. A content analysis of airline mission statements: Changing trends and contemporary components. Tourism Management Perspectives, 28, 156-165. Web. Yilmaz, A. K., & Flouris, T. 2017. Enterprise risk management in terms of organizational culture and its leadership and strategic management. In Corporate risk management for international business (pp. 65-112). Springer, Singapore. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/delta-airlines-affected-by-globalization-and-technological-changes/	220
Democracy in Ancient Greece and Today Essay From the lecture, I discovered that the word democracy partly originates from the word demes which means the small division of the bigger sections that Athens was divided into during the ancient time. The second half of the word is the Greek word Kratos which means the rule. Similarly to modern times, democracy means the rule of the people, which implies that the citizens of a certain region’s major political decisions are delivered collectively. However, there are also two main differences between Athenian and modern democracies. The major and most palpable difference between the two systems is who was considered eligible to vote. In Athens, only adult men could influence the city’s political and administrative decisions, while women, children, and enslaved people did not have this right. Although most modern states also do not allow underage participation in the voting process, women and adults of all classes are eligible to express their civil will officially. Therefore, it can be concluded that modern democracies are generally more inclusive and representative than ancient ones. Moreover, the prevalent number of modern democracies are representative, whereas, in ancient Greece, they were direct. It means that while citizens could directly vote for proposed laws and foreign policies in the past, individuals nowadays should elect representatives who would make legislative and policy-related decisions for them. Despite the fact that the original Greek way may seem fairer and more attractive, it is necessary to consider that, nowadays, this procedure would be nearly impossible. Indeed, in Athens, for instance, only approximately 30,000 residents had voting rights, whereas today, most countries have a population that is counted in millions and even in billions of citizens. For this reason, it becomes clear that voting for each bill would be associated with tremendous temporal and monetary investments compared to a representative system. Nevertheless, in a conclusion, it can be argued that the gist of modern democracy is not different from the one in ancient Greece. The idea that postulates that people can and should be the bearers of political power still remains the same. Despite the fact that there are some differences between the old and the modern systems, they rather reflect the evolution of society than changes in the main principle of democracy.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/democracy-in-ancient-greece-and-today/	221
Departing From Social Norms Can Lead To Progress Essay Departing from social norms could lead to a magnitude of progress. Social practices have a way of dictating what to do and how to react to certain situations. An institution sets rules to be followed and challenging such norms is termed disobedience. Society, including media, is used to portraying the black community as a sad one so seeing them happy seems like a way out of order. Sharing black joy might seem like resistance from the social norms but will have a positive effect on the whole American society. Adam also had to disobey God to be set free from pre-human state to human. Therefore, leaving social norms can lead to many forms of progress for humans. Resisting the ruling power may seem like disobedience but can result in major human development. For the African Americans, resisting the negative norms of sadness demand sharing more joy with the black community. However, it will take more than individuals to yield positive results. The artistic and media communities need to spread black joy to change the black practice of celebrating sadness and pain. Such actions would communicate the diversity of black, the need to take space and claim their belongings. According to Roderique, sharing black joy “would create spaces of opportunity, possibility, and affirmation” (4). This quote affirms that resisting negative social norms yield positive results. Therefore, if it takes resistance to achieve progress then in this case resistance is good. Acts of disobedience, although may seem wrong at first when they set in freedom, they are assumed right. When Adam and Eve disobeyed God in the Garden of Eden, they seemed to have been corrupted by sin (Fromm 1). However, the sin or rather a disobedience act transformed Adam from pre-human to human and that is progress. The text mentions that it is until the Messianic prophets came to earth they confirmed that the act of disobedience was right that people understood the concept. Humans have continued to evolve and develop through acts of disobedience. It is through questioning the authority or set social norms that a man can prosper. Fromm says that obedience to rules or practices of a community or institution is submission and shows denial of autonomy (2). Consequently, humans are stuck in one place while submitting to the set norms. However, the moment a man challenges the rules, he is termed disobedience but then finds progress. The decision to submit or disobey is a decision to stagnate or develop. Following rules and social norms set by the community is like agreeing to the dictation of the superego. According to Fromm “Super-Ego represents the internalized commands and prohibitions of father, accepted by the son out of fear” (3). Fear is known to set boundaries and limit the abilities of people. Social norms are set to limit human abilities and it is only by separating from them that a man can prosper. If Roderique, when shared the happy post about Black Panther allowed fear to limit him, she would not have written the excerpt. She would also not have written to call for black society to publicly share the joy and break the social norm of the sad black community. Disobeying set social practices is a psychological process that must entail the willingness to sin or make a mistake. Going against such norms will be termed immoral and rebellious thus one must toughen up. People can only become free of social practices by learning to say no to power. When a man frees himself from power and is psychologically free, he or she can develop positively. Works Cited Fromm, Erich. “Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem.” pp. 1-5, Web. Roderique, Hadiya. “The Case for Black Joy.” pp. 1-4, Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/departing-from-social-norms-can-lead-to-progress/	222
Description of Institutional Review Boards Project Essay The rate of patient mortality in intensive care is a growing concern for medical practitioners. Although the cause of patient motility may be attributed to many factors even before the individual reaches the CCU, it has been reported that an effective tube placement during resuscitation aids healthy circulation. It is not known if the nurse’s knowledge of capnography affects its use in critical care units. The purpose of this project is to evaluate the relationship between nurses’ knowledge of capnography and its use in coronary care units. The project will provide valuable insight into factors affecting the use of capnography, thus contributing to the field and filling the gap in the literature. The intervention protocol will train nurses on the benefit of capnography and test their implementation in critical care units. Based on the training and testing, the goal is to facilitate the implementation of capnography use in the selected CCU. The intervention will also enable accurate tube placement to stimulate normal chest circulation during resuscitation, improve quality care delivery, and patient recovery in critical care units. The project will recruit nurses working in the selected coronary care unit in Central Jersey. This setting was chosen because of the high incidence of nurse’s refusal to use capnography during resuscitation. The project timeline is twenty-four weeks. The selected participants will be based on the inclusion criteria, and their test results will be confidential and used solely for testing nursing knowledge of capnography. This project will facilitate positive health outcomes by providing evidence to support nursing practice in implementing capnography during resuscitation.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/description-of-institutional-review-boards-project/	223
Developing a Self-Management Plan for a Patient Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction and SMART Goals 2. Consumer Directed Care and Self-Management 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction and SMART Goals A 32-year-old male patient, Peter Dawson, is admitted to the hospital. A background check reveals that he works from home as a software developer and enjoys playing online games with friends and staying up late at night. Peter’s height is 177cm, and he weighs 57kg; therefore, his calculated BMI is 18.1. Peter was diagnosed with Crohn’s disease in his early 20s and since then has lived healthy while managing the acute symptoms on his own. Peter lives alone, while his closest relative lives in Queensland. Currently, a new colostomy bag has been fixed due to the acute and severe symptoms of the disease that emerged. Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel illness that causes the gastrointestinal system to be persistently inflamed. The disease causes several health concerns which need prompt intervention. First, the disease causes chronic pain, especially in the abdomen, due to the inflammatory process (Bakshi et al., 2021). Chronic pain can cause a disruption in one’s daily activities. Therefore, it is essential to design a plan to help these patients manage their pain even when at home. Another vital aspect that should be included in the self-management plan is the control of diarrhea, evidenced by hyperactive bowel sounds and gases (Torres et al., 2017). The disease exposes one to a risk of losing a lot of fluids, resulting in dehydration. Another significant health concern that comes in handy with Crohn’s disease is weight loss due to excessive fluid loss. Even with proper calorie intake, weight loss may still ensue due to inflammation. Inflammation may result in increased use of the energy stored by the body and disintegration of bodily tissues- both can contribute to weight loss (Elburki et al., 2017). Hence, in preparing a self-management action plan for Peter, it is of essence to outline ways of ensuring that he has a significant weight gain for the next month. An essential goal in managing Crohn’s disease is the alleviation of chronic pain. For that reason, the first goal is that pain will be managed at a scale of 3-4/ 10 for the next month. To guarantee pain management is effective, the client will go home with a prescription for pain relievers such as paracetamol and Endone. Another goal is that after a month of intervention, the patient will report reduced stool frequency and restored stool consistency to normal levels. In order to ensure that this is achieved, the patient will be discharged and given prescriptions for diarrhea-controlling medications such as Flagyl and Amoxicillin. The last goal is to increase the target of a normal BMI range of 18.5- 26 from 18.1 and an absence of indications of malnutrition. This must be accomplished by ensuring that the patient maintains healthy eating habits. Additionally, the patient will be given medications that help reduce diarrhea which can cause weight loss. For instance, he will be given antibiotics. Consumer Directed Care and Self-Management A self-management program is an assistance offered to persons with chronic diseases to help them monitor their health on an everyday level following discharge from the hospital. Self-management support may encourage individuals to understand more about their problems and play an active part in their health care. Support for clients’ self-management extends beyond merely providing information. In addition to a dedication to patient-centered care, it invites for the provision of meaningful and concise information to patients, the assistance of patients in setting goals and making plans to live a healthy lifestyle, the establishment of a crew of healthcare professionals, and the utilization of office platforms to support client follow-up. Individuals’ capacity to enhance their health is the goal of all self-management intervention initiatives. Patients with long-term diseases make frequent use of healthcare services. Therefore, individuals’ responsibility in maintaining their long-term illness is significantly crucial. By increasing awareness and assistance for individuals living with a chronic ailment, healthcare professionals empower them to take an active role in managing their health, transforming them into ‘expert patients.’ This includes individuals taking steps to enhance their healthcare and well-being and collaborating with their health providers to improve their ability to manage day-to-day challenges. Furthermore, by empowering the patient with the confidence to manage the condition on his own, he will be able to make optimum use of their medications and treatments, resulting in adherence to the drugs and hence achieving the most significant potential results. Through self-management, the patient will be able to identify the factors that aggravate or alleviate his condition. For example, according to a new study, patients suffering from severe pain may get depressed or scared and wish to end their lives (Michaelides et al., 2019). In addition, patients are often unable to perform many of the activities they could perform previously without discomfort. This condition of living in despair impacts their interactions with others and their ability to continue employment in some cases. Hence, a self-management plan helps the patient understand the factors that might cause the pain to increase, thereby forcing the need to control and reduce it. As an example of tertiary preventive measures, self-management will help the client include his tertiary preventive initiatives at his level of functional status. In addition to teaching problem resolution and creativity in the management of sickness, these treatments may be used in various contexts and enhance the utilization of facilities in the community. These effective self-management interventions can be used in all stages of prevention and health, not only tertiary prevention (Anekwe et al., 2021). The ability to intervene at the individual level through self-management may have a favorable impact on health and wellness practices. A method based on self-management customized to diverse situations may conceivably be beneficial in preventing difficulties, establishing a healthy lifestyle pattern, and giving tools for reducing and managing sickness in later life. Perfect health and the effectiveness of any therapy or intervention can only be achieved if patients actively participate in their care. A self-care plan may assist the patients in establishing and specifying realistic, attainable objectives for the client and provide a quantitative marker for achievement and satisfaction that these goals are fulfilled (Vernon-Roberts et al., 2018). As a nursing intervention, it successfully incorporates clients in their care and management, and it may help patients who are at threat of anxiety or are showing signs of stress. For example, in this case, Peter demonstrates a feeling of fear when he says that sometimes he is in shock due to worsening his condition. In this case, a proper care plan for managing anxiety will help him once he is discharged. With a self-management plan, the patient may enhance his treatment experience, gain more control of the disease, and feel more empowered in making self-care behavior adjustments. The self-management plan also makes it possible for the patient to understand better how to handle and care for invasive devices. With appropriate healthcare education on the management of the device, he will be able to handle it and clean it at home without much assistance from healthcare workers or relatives. For instance, in the scenario, Peter has a temporary stoma inserted. According to the findings of a recent study, the training of stoma-management competencies at an early age is a significant issue for the health facility stoma care nurse (Kirkland-Kyhn et al., 2018). To guarantee that no important parts of educating and learning are overlooked, teaching should be done systematically, underpinned by solid foundations of education and understanding. It is essential to develop realistic learning outcomes in conjunction with the patient, taking into consideration their readiness and aptitude to learn (Kirkland-Kyhn et al., 2018). A structured exchange of knowledge between the hospital and the patient will confirm that learning and support are provided to patients after they have been discharged from the hospital, approving positive changes to stoma formation. As a result, this will enable them to complete their rehabilitation successfully. Self-Management Care Plan. SMART GOAL 1: SMART GOAL 2: SMART GOAL 3: Goals and corresponding intervention Management of pain on a scale of 3-4/10 every day until the next appointment in a month. The patient will report reduced stool frequency and restored stool consistency. Increase in weight by attaining a normal BMI range of 18.5- 26 from 18.1 and an absence of indications of malnutrition. Encourage the patient to take pain medications as prescribed without skipping days. Encourage the patient to take oral fluids gradually and avoid cold liquids. Teach the patient how to advance with his diet. For instance, Clear liquids then develop to the minimal residue; then high-protein, increased calorie, caffeine-free, non-spicy, and low-fiber drinks. Self-Management Intervention 1 and Rationales Analgesics such as panadol act by inhibiting pain mediators such as prostaglandins (Peritore et al., 2020). Adherence to pain medications will ensure that the pain level does not exceed a scale of 4/10. Gradual fluids rest the colon by avoiding or reducing the stimulant effect of meals and water. Taking liquids gradually may minimize cramps and relapse of diarrhea; nevertheless, cold drinks may promote intestinal motility activity (Costa et al., 2017). The rationale is to reintroduce the intestinal system to the digestion process. Protein is required for the integrity of the regenerating tissue (Trentesaux et al., 2020). Reduced mass reduces the peristaltic response to meals. Encourage the patient to take adequate bed rest and avoid heavy activities. Educate the patient on the essence of maintaining good oral hygiene. Self-Management Teach the patient non-pharmacological pain relievers such as proper position, music therapy, companionship, and deep breathing techniques, among others. Intervention 2 and Rationales Non-pharmacological methods help minimize side effects and drug dependence (Duff et al., 2018). Additionally, they aid in reducing stress, discomfort, and despair. Adequate rest is essential since it slows intestinal motility and metabolic activity (Costa et al., 2017). In addition, the need to defecate may arise without indication and be uncontrolled, raising the threat of incontinence. The flavor of food may be improved by keeping the mouth clean, and this may increase the appetite. Therefore, dentures must be clean, comfortable to use, and present in the patient’s mouth to stimulate eating. Assist the patient in making proper dietary choices that limit their consumption of dairy products, caffeinated beverages, alcohol, and fiber-rich foods. Identify and advise the client to avoid foods and liquids that cause diarrhea—for instance, dairy products, sauces, and carbonated beverages. Teach the patient to aim for six nutrient-dense foods instead of three big meals each day to avoid feeling stuffed. Self-Management Intervention 3 and Rationales The rationale is to relieve pain radiating in the abdomen, reduce cramping and promote healthy eating habits. Intestinal relaxation and reduced effort are promoted by eliminating intestinal irritants (Costa et al., 2017). Eating small, regular meals reduces the sensation of being stuffed and reduces the desire to vomit after eating. Advise the patient to take a sitz bath at least twice a day. Educate the patient to look for warning indicators, including fever, dehydration, tachycardia, and anxiety. Consult with a dietitian for a comprehensive nutrition evaluation, as well as a plan for obtaining nutritional assistance. Self-Management Intervention 4 and Rationales Crohn’s disease can result in complications such as anal fissures; therefore, enhancing cleanliness in the perineal area would be vital in reducing pain. Teaching the patient the danger signs will enhance prompt medical attention since the patient can contact the hospital immediately once they arise. Specialists such as dieticians can assess nitrogen balances as a measurement of the dietary state of the patient. For example, a low nitrogen balance can signify protein deficiency (Burd et al., 2019). Dieticians may also assess the daily patient needs for certain nutrients to ensure appropriate nutritional intake. Together with the patient, determine what factors contribute to or relieve pain. Encourage the patient to take medications for alleviating diarrhea as Flagyl and Amoxicillin. Encourage the patient to seek out the social company at mealtimes if possible. Self-Management Intervention 5 and Rationales The purpose is to ascertain triggering or exacerbating aspects such as stressful situations or dietary intolerance and monitor emerging issues. Flagyl is an antibiotic that helps treat infections by disrupting the DNA and protein synthesis of the organisms (Szöke-Nagy et al., 2019). Amoxicillin kills infection by causing cell death in a susceptible organism (Szöke-Nagy et al., 2019). It is critical to consider the social aspects of eating since family and friends can help encourage one to eat. Family and friends can also understand the preferences of the patient’s needs. Teach the patient how to properly clean the perineal area with light soap and water after excretion and how to care for their skin. Recommend foods high in potassium to the client, such as potatoes and dates. Encourage the patient to eat in a comfortable environment while also assuming a comfortable position. Self-Management Intervention 6 and Rationales Protects the skin from intestinal acids, so reducing excoriation and alleviating discomfort. A person who suffers from diarrhea will have hypokalaemia because their gastric contents are washed out of their digestive system into their excrement and out of their body (Bazerbacih et al., 2017). A pleasant environment reduces stress and makes eating more comfortable. At the same time, maintaining a good posture improves swallowing and decreases the risk of aspiration when eating (Aguila et al., 2020). Teach the patient the importance of having periods of rest. Emphasize hand cleaning after bowel movements and before food preparation to clients and the patient. During the acute period of sickness, encourage the patient to have adequate bed rest and minimal exercise. Additionally, recommend a period of relaxation prior to meals. Self-Management Intervention 7 and Rationales It’s possible that discomfort is made worse by exhaustion. However, rest and pain relief may be achieved in a peaceful, distraction-free environment. Contaminated hands have the potential to transmit germs and lead to further complications. Additionally, the maintenance of proper hygiene increases one’s appetite. Reduced metabolic requirements assist in avoiding caloric exhaustion and energy conservation (Lacourt et al., 2018). As a result, peristalsis is slowed, and potential feeding energy increases. Conclusion In general, physicians and other healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, can play an essential role in promoting self-management in their clients by strengthening their ability to control their condition through positive reinforcement and education. It is also vital that they pay attention to the nature of their interaction with their clients of all ages as well as the nature of their conversation with them. Assessing and providing opportunities for people with IBD to interact with other clients through support network programming may be beneficial in boosting self-management, both directly and indirectly, through increased self-efficacy in the treatment of their disease. Assessing and providing opportunities for people with IBD to interact with other clients through support network programming may be beneficial in boosting self-management, both directly and indirectly, through increased self-efficacy in the treatment of their disease. Research demonstrates that it is possible to effectively administer treatments aimed at improving treatment adherence and general self-management, even though these techniques require effort and time on the part of the medical team. References Bakshi, N., Hart, A. L., Lee, M. C., Williams, A. C. D. C., Lackner, J. M., Norton, C., & Croft, P. (2021 ). Chronic pain in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Pain , 162 (10), 2466. Web. Peritore, A. F., Siracusa, R., Fusco, R., Gugliandolo, E., D’Amico, R., Cordaro, M., D’Amico, R., Genovese, T., Gugliandolo, E., Crupi, R., Smeriglio, A., Mandalari, G., Cuzzocrea, S., Impellizzeri, D. & Di Paola, R. (2020). Ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide and paracetamol, a new association to relieve hyperalgesia and pain in a sciatic nerve injury model in rat. International Journal of Molecular Sciences , 21 (10), 3509. Web. Torres, J., Mehandru, S., Colombel, J. F., & Peyrin-Biroulet, L. (2017). Crohn’s disease. The Lancet , 389 (10080), 1741-1755. Web. Duff, W., Haskey, N., Potter, G., Alcorn, J., Hunter, P., & Fowler, S. (2018). Non-pharmacological therapies for inflammatory bowel disease: Recommendations for self-care and physician guidance. World Journal of Gastroenterology , 24 (28), 3055. Web. Costa, R. J. S., Snipe, R. M. J., Kitic, C. M., & Gibson, P. R. (2017). Systematic review: exercise‐induced gastrointestinal syndrome—implications for health and intestinal disease. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics , 46 (3), 246-265. Web. Elburki, M. S., Moore, D. D., Terezakis, N. G., Zhang, Y., Lee, H. M., Johnson, F., & Golub, L. M. (2017). A novel chemically modified curcumin reduces inflammation‐mediated connective tissue breakdown in a rat model of diabetes: periodontal and systemic effects. Journal of Periodontal Research , 52 (2), 186-200. Web. Trentesaux, C., Fraudeau, M., Pitasi, C. L., Lemarchand, J., Jacques, S., Duche, A., Letourneur, F., Naser, E., Bailly, K., Schmitt, A., Perret, C., & Romagnolo, B. (2020). Essential role for autophagy protein ATG7 in the maintenance of intestinal stem cell integrity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 117 (20), 11136-11146. Web. Burd, N. A., McKenna, C. F., Salvador, A. F., Paulussen, K. J., & Moore, D. R. (2019). Dietary protein quantity, quality, and exercise are key to healthy living: a muscle-centric perspective across the lifespan. Frontiers in Nutrition , 6 , 83. Web. Aguila, E. J. T., Cua, I. H. Y., Fontanilla, J. A. C., Yabut, V. L. M., & Causing, M. F. P. (2020). Gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID‐19: impact on nutrition practices. Nutrition in Clinical Practice , 35 (5), 800-805. Web. Szöke-Nagy, T., Porav, A. S., Coman, C., Cozar, B. I., Dina, N. E., & Tripon, C. (2019). Characterization of the action of antibiotics and essential oils against bacteria by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Analytical Letters , 52 (1), 190-200. Web. Bazerbacih, F., Haffar, S., Szarka, L. A., Wang, Z., Prokop, L. J., Murad, M. H., & Camilleri, M. (2017). Secretory diarrhea and hypokalemia associated with colonic pseudo‐obstruction: a case study and systematic analysis of the literature. Neurogastroenterology & Motility , 29 (11), e13120. Web. Lacourt, T. E., Vichaya, E. G., Chiu, G. S., Dantzer, R., & Heijnen, C. J. (2018). The high costs of low-grade inflammation: persistent fatigue as a consequence of reduced cellular-energy availability and non-adaptive energy expenditure. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience , 12 , 78. Web. Kirkland-Kyhn, H., Martin, S., Zaratkiewicz, S., Whitmore, M., & Young, H. M. (2018). Ostomy care at home. AJN the American Journal of Nursing , 118 (4), 63-68. Web. Anekwe, T. D., & Rahkovsky, I. (2018). Self-management: A comprehensive approach to management of chronic conditions. American Journal of Public Health , 108 (S6), S430-S436. Vernon-Roberts, A., Frampton, C., Gearry, R. B., & Day, A. S. (2021). Development and validation of a self-management skills Assessment Tool for Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Skills Tasks and Abilities Record (IBD-STAR). Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition , 72 (1), 67-73. Web. Michaelides, A., & Zis, P. (2019). Depression, anxiety and acute pain: links and management challenges. Postgraduate Medicine , 131 (7), 438-444. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/developing-a-self-management-plan-for-a-patient/	224
Diabetes Management: Case Study Essay Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes contrast based on their definitions, the causes, and the management of the conditions. Type 1 manifests through the pancreas producing little to no insulin, which is why it is essential to monitor the glucose levels in the blood (DiMeglio et al., 2018). People who are genetically predisposed are the target groups, and the condition can correlate with symptoms such as thirst, weight loss, and feelings of hunger. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not create enough insulin while cells do not have an adequate reaction to the insulin that is being produced (Roden & Shulman, 2019). Research shows that more than 90% of Americans with diabetes are diagnosed with Type 2, while less than 6% have Type 1 (Xu et al., 2018). Thus, lifestyle is the most critical factor in terms of prevention and treatment. Table 1: Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes Insulin The body produces no to low insulin The body does not use insulin efficiently Causes Genetics Lifestyle Target groups People with a family history of diabetes People with excess weight and sedentary lifestyles Prevention Unknown Lifestyle changes Bodily effects/Warning signs Thirst, weight loss, fatigue, worsening vision, and feelings of hunger Darkened skin, sores that heal longer, increased thirst, and hunger Treatment Insulin injections Healthy diet, exercise, weight loss, in some cases medication and insulin injections Based on the fact that Type 1 diabetes correlates with low insulin production while the second type is linked to inadequate response to insulin, managing this hormone that has the function of facilitating the glucose to enter the cell is essential. Moreover, since the gene that regulates the production of resistin is overactive in people with obesity, it is evident that a diet that can reduce excess weight while addressing other diabetes-specific concerns can reduce risks. Multiple diets claim to be effective in terms of managing type 2 diabetes, yet multiple factors have to be considered. For example, the Atkins diet mainly consists of products high in fiber and low in saturated fat. Since the CDC promotes the avoidance of saturated fat and the increase of fiber intake for sugar regulation, the Atkins diet may be suited for people with diabetes ( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021). On the other hand, a reduction in carbs may lead to poor glycemic control (Joshi et al., 2019). Thus, the diet has both pros and cons depending on circumstances. Marketing claims regarding supplements, powders, and teas also target demographics looking for ways to reduce weight. For example, researchers refer to the commonly used ephedra supplements as potentially beneficial in short-term weight loss but mention side effects such as heart and nervous system (Miao et al., 2020). Garcinia cambogia has shown to be ineffective in weight loss and correlates with reports of liver damage ( US Department of Health and Human Services , 2022). Multiple teas, supplements, and powders that claim to be helpful for weight loss are unethically marketed since FDA often finds unlisted ingredients such as sibutramine, which increases blood pressure ( Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , 2022). Instead of opting for uncertified supplements, effective diabetes control correlates with a lifestyle change, including frequent exercise and a healthy and balanced diet. These measures are not only effective in terms of weight loss through calorie intake reduction but also beneficial for glucose regulation. The case study presents three options, Savannah’s recommendation of following the Atkins diet, Alan’s claim that exercise and healthy eating can lead to positive results, and grandfather’s option of natural remedies. As a low-carb diet, Atkins may be effective since obesity treatment often relies on a carb reduction (Westman & Yancy, 2020). However, Alan’s recommendation of approaching the condition with a balanced overview on health based on activity and avoidance of certain foods is easier to follow and, possibly, more sustainable in the long run (Rubin & Herreid, 2003). Implementing natural remedies may be harmful since, as mentioned prior, researchers refer to the low efficacy and side effects. Thus, Morgan should maintain a healthy weight through balanced meals and higher activity levels. References Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. (2022). Vy & tea contains hidden drug ingredient . US Food and Drug Administration. Web. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Manage blood sugar . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Web. DiMeglio, L. A., Evans-Molina, C., & Oram, R. A. (2018). Type 1 diabetes. The Lancet , 391 (10138), 2449–2462. Web. Joshi, S., Ostfeld, R. J., & McMacken, M. (2019). The ketogenic diet for obesity and diabetes—enthusiasm outpaces evidence. JAMA Internal Medicine , 179 (9), 1163. Web. Miao, S. M., Zhang, Q., Bi, X. B., Cui, J. L., & Wang, M. L. (2020). A review of the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of ephedra herb. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines , 18 (5), 321–344. Web. Roden, M., & Shulman, G. I. (2019). The integrative biology of type 2 diabetes. Nature , 576 (7785), 51–60. Web. Rubin, L., & Herreid, C. F. (2003). Morgan: A Case of Diabetes. National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science . US Department of Health and Human Services. (2022). Garcinia Cambogia . National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Web. Westman, E. C., & Yancy, W. S. (2020). Using a low-carbohydrate diet to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity , 27 (5), 255–260. Web. Xu, G., Liu, B., Sun, Y., Du, Y., Snetselaar, L. G., Hu, F. B., & Bao, W. (2018). Prevalence of diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes among US adults in 2016 and 2017: Population Based Study. BMJ . Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/diabetes-management-case-study/	225
Diabetes Mellitus as Leading Cause of Disability Essay The healthcare problem discussed in this assignment is diabetes mellitus, which is increasingly becoming the leading cause of disability across the world. The disease manifests itself through hyperglycemia, and it is categorized into type 1 and type 2. Type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent and it consists of close to 90% of all infections. The causes of this disease are varied, including gestation, drugs, and lifestyles. Its complications affect all body organs, leading to lethal implications. The population to be studied in this assignment majorly comprises older people with diabetes type 2 in a setting with nurse-led management. The presence of this problem is substantiated by diverse information and data from different researchers. Macido (2019) found that Diabetes mellitus is among the leading medical concerns in the United states and the world at large. The researchers used data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, where more than 12% of older people in the US live with the condition (Macido, 2019). Additionally, a significant number of the population remain undiagnosed with diabetes mellitus. According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) (n. d.), the issue remains the seventh cause of death and morbidity, and there are more than one million newly reported cases per year. Therefore, diabetes is chronic illness that currently strains healthcare and stakeholders. The research is relevant because there is a need to improve population/patient knowledge and adherence to management strategies. Furthermore, the study will inform caregivers on better patient approaches beyond the clinical setting. Nikitara et al. (2019) states that most patients develop complications due to poor knowledge of self-management and adherence to treatment courses. At the same time, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is likely to increase hospitalizations and emergency visits in healthcare facilities. Thus, this research is relevant to inform on various aspects that could lead to shorter lengths of stay in a hospital and improved wellness outcomes after discharge. Various literature reveals that the prevalence of diabetes is rising. The number of people infected with the disease is expected to reach close to 350 million by 2030 (Macido, 2019). The most notable demographic transition is the rising number of patients older than 60 years. Nikitara et al. (2019) found that nurses should check for further clinical manifestations of the disease. They include a cool feeling, moist skin, add higher than normal blood sugar levels. The nurse can use automatically generated procedures to manage the disease but intravenous administration of medication could be necessary when treating lethargic patients. In case of extreme hyperglycemia, the caregivers should report to the physician, who will, perhaps, transfer them to intensive care units and follow the appropriate treatment procedures such as intravenous insulin administration, or other fluids. Data reliability would depend on its currency, relevance, authority, accuracy and purpose. It would be unreliable of it misses the importance research needs, apart from being outdated and having incorrect and untrue information. There are many barriers hindering the implementation of evidence-based practice in addressing diabetes mellitus. Limited time allotted for primary care appointments with healthcare providers hinders the implementation of evidence-based remedies (Macido, 2019). Additionally, poor patient-provider communication affects the quality of information gather to inform treatment plans. Lower patient educational levels also hinder their ability to understand their health and management protocols. Poverty is an obstacle because it places patients at a higher risk of complications. Nurses also struggle to cope with the changing treatment targets due to limited resources, compromising the quality of care. Similarly, some of them lack confidence in their understanding of guidelines and abilities in particular tasks. They might also fail to share responsibility with clients, and therefore not support behavior change. Nikitara et al. (2019) found that responsibilities have changed between physicians, and secondary and primary caregivers, creating uncertainty on the appropriate clinical responsibility. This failure creates frustration among them because it affects patient adherence to treatment. Nursing standards and policies are effective in improving the health outcomes of a patient and the overall population. They emphasize care that is shared and nurse-led to achieve the desired health results. Nursing standards focus on autonomy, which helps patients manage the disease for lifelong bases. They emphasize day-to-care management to be individually-oriented and include skin care, dietary changes, physical activity and rest, self-monitoring, consulting healthcare professionals, and adherence to medication (AADE, 2017). They have brought changes that allow them to prescribe medicine. This step improves health outcomes, apart from reducing outpatient attendance and unnecessary referrals. Nurses set policies as advanced caregivers to be involved in conducting physical examinations and provide the best practice patient treatment. Nurses play significant roles in policy making to improve patient outcomes, illnesses, and hospital readmissions. For example, they participate in setting care coordination procedures, which improve health outcomes for diabetic patients. The stakeholders include pharmacists, dieticians, endocrinologists, and primary care educators. The coaches provide teaching procedures on care and management of diabetes. Similarly, they support policies that promote wellness to prevent the risk of developing complications associated with diabetes mellitus (Abou-Hafs, 2018). The policies also help to address unacceptable behavior such as smoking and alcoholism during the treatment of diabetes. They advocate for the establishment of ample care environments to improve nurse productivity and retention. The references consulted provide supporting evidence consistent with the current nursing practice. The nursing ideology applicable for this research is the self-care deficient theory. With it, the caregiver’s role depends on the patient’s factors. As such, a nurse will intervene when the patient is unable to engage in the effective self-care. For example, a client suffering from uncontrolled diabetes type 2 or living with damaged lower circulatory compartments requires a caregiver’s intervention (Abou-hafs, 2018). The roles of a nurse in this situation include guiding, teaching, and supporting patients, apart from providing an environment that promotes personal development and better client outcomes. Governments help to prevent and manage diabetes by setting the appropriate laws and rules. For example, they establish measures such as taxation on sugars, apart from regulating pre-school settings for adolescents and young children (Timpel et al., 2019). Laws safeguarding pregnant women and parents in the reproductive age set protocols to reduce gestational diabetes among the highly vulnerable women. In schools, governments control school meal standards such that they emphasize a reduction in saturated fats and encourage more fruit intake (Timpel et al., 2019). They also fund awareness programs to education people on early diagnosis and the risk of developing diabetes and its complications. Governments help to remove inequalities concerning vulnerable target groups, especially the illiterate people living in low socio-economic statuses. The intensity of federal action on healthcare should meet population needs and disadvantages. The leadership strategies to improve outcomes, patient-centered care, and the patient experience related to the patient include staff facilitation to follow healthcare guidelines and establishing positive environment for providing the best practices. Leaders should also support and influence organizational processes and structures to improve patient outcomes and overall care. Managers are responsible for role modeling the desire to work, apart from reinforcing clinical policies and goals meeting evidence-based care. Leaders should recognize skills such as teamwork, optimism, and reliability, apart from empowering and enabling juniors to manage critical situations. Leadership teams have a crucial role to play in diabetes prevention and management because patients are higher risks of developing cardiovascular diseases. They should encourage patient-focused management approaches, which incorporate comprehensive plans to reduce risks. Such plans include blood pressure management, weight control, physical activity, healthy diets, lipid control, and smoking cessation and prevention (Macido, 2019). Leaders play a vital role in diabetes advocacy, which refers to proactively supporting and engaging the advancement of a policy. It is required to improve how patients live with diabetes and its risk factors. Such vulnerability issues include lack of physical exercise, obesity, smoking, and poor diets. Through diabetes advocacy, stakeholders can address and transform the social determinants of their root causes. The appropriate collaboration and communication strategies in addressing diabetes greatly concern patient-nurse relationships. The association should focus on power balance and prevent criticism, apart from minimizing risks and ensuring consistency in healthcare provision. Care providers should provide information to patients in plain language. They should avoid showing aggressive behavior because it is an obstacle to effective communication. Respect, trust, and psychological support are important in diabetic patient managing (Abou-Hafs, 2018). Appropriately collaborating with clients is crucial to encourage self-expression and to conceptualize the disease and its management strategies, treatment outcomes, as well as emotional wellness of the patient. The proposed change management strategies include patient-centeredness, and quality care. The first principle includes respectful and responsive care delivery to patients, meeting their needs, preferences, values, and decisions. There should be true relationships between patients and healthcare providers. This model also encourages nurses to develop personalized and comprehensive care plans that give equal needs to mental health and population needs during treatment. The treatment procedure include coordinated, collaborative, and accessible care at the right time place. It should also ensure emotional health and physical comfort to the patient. The management strategies should consider client values, cultural norms, and socioeconomic statuses. The time spent with the individuals is two hours, and the management strategy will include complete and timely information sharing among patients, families, and caregivers to make informed decisions. Conclusively, this project focused on diabetes mellitus, which is increasingly becoming the leading cause of death and disability. Research revealed that the disease is prevalent among older adults and its causes include inheritance from previous family members, lifestyle changes, and particular drug consumption. Nurses play a crucial role in education and policy creation to manage the disease. Governments set regulatory standards to control behaviors, prevent the illness, and treat patients living with the condition. Leadership teams have a crucial role to play in diabetes prevention and management because patients are at higher risks of developing cardiovascular diseases. The barriers hindering the implementation of evidence-based practice in addressing diabetes mellitus include poverty and limited time for primary care appointments, among others. References Abou-Hafs, A. (2018). Nurse´ s role in diabetes management: Challenges and facilitators. Web. American Association of Diabetes Educators. (2017). AADE7Self-care behaviors . Web. Macido, A. (2019). A nurse-led inpatient diabetes self-management education and support program to improve patient knowledge and treatment adherence. Journal of Health Education Teaching, 10 (1), 1-10. Web. Nikitara, M., Constantinou, C. S., Andreou, E., & Diomidous, M. (2019). The role of nurses and the facilitators and barriers in diabetes care: A mixed methods systematic literature review. Behavioral Sciences, 9 (6), 61. Web. Timpel, P., Harst, L., Reifegerste, D., Weihrauch-Blüher, S., & Schwarz, P. E. (2019). What should governments be doing to prevent diabetes throughout the life course? Diabetologia, 62 (10), 1842-1853. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/diabetes-mellitus-as-leading-cause-of-disability/	226
Diagnoses and Medication of Bowel Disease Essay Bowel disease is a collection of disorders that includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, which causes pain and swelling in the intestines, affecting the digestive system. The first step in treating bowel disease involves a doctor taking a careful medical history and physical examination. Numerous diagnostic tests are conducted on the patient, such as blood tests, stool samples, endoscopy, colonoscopy, and imaging studies. During blood tests, providers test patients’ blood and evaluate how well a treatment works (Fiorino et al., 2019). Blood tests include measuring hematocrit, C-reaction protein, thrombocytes, and leucocytes. A stool sample is checked for infections or inflammation, while CT and MRI scans reveal internal images of the digestive system. Health providers also perform an upper endoscopy that involves looking inside the food pipe, stomach, and ileum and collecting biopsies for examination. A colonoscopy helps reveal infections in the rectum and it is done using a thin, flexible tube fitted with a light and camera lens at the end to allow examination of the inside large intestine. Bowel disease is a lifelong condition; therefore, the primary goal for its management is always to find ways to keep it in remission as long as possible so that the patient experiences few to no symptoms. There are various treatment and maintenance approaches for bowel disease, such as dietary changes and medications like biologics, immunomodulators, and aminosalicylates (Fiorino et al., 2019). There has been increased study on nutritional interventions for improving inflammation and helping control symptoms. Dieticians play a crucial role in designing a balanced nutrition program for patients to assist in the alleviation of symptoms. Aminosalicylates are aspirin-like maintenance medications such as balsalazide, sulfasalazine, and mesalamine that alleviate inflammation at the intestinal wall. Mainly these medications are used for the treatment of ulcerative colitis in mild-to-moderate form and sometimes in Crohn’s disease. Immunomodulators work by decreasing immune system activities, and the most commonly used are methotrexate, azathioprine, and 6-mercaptopurine. Biologics work by blocking inflammatory chemicals in the blood and reducing the number of immune system cells in the patient body. These medications are used when a patient does not respond to other medicines or experiences side effects from such treatments. In most cases, biologic medicines are given through infusions or injections and include Entyvio, Sterlara, Simponi, Humira, and Remicade. Reference Fiorino, G., Allocca, M., Chaparro, M., Coenen, S., Fidalgo, C., Younge, L., & Gisbert, J. P. (2019). Quality of care standards in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review. Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis , 13 (1), 127-137.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/diagnoses-and-medication-of-bowel-disease/	227
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis of Naegleria Fowleri Disease Case Study Table of Contents 1. Naegleria Fowleri Disease 2. Scenario Recorded 3. Diagnosis 4. Treatment 5. Prognosis 6. Reference Naegleria Fowleri Disease When individuals are subjected to polluted water, protozoa enter the host’s nasopharynx and pass via the mucous membrane, the subchondral layer, and the nasal neuron before accessing the smelling bulbs. As a result, it causes Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) by destroying the nervous system (CNS). Considering its rarities, only seven instances of Naegleria fowleri sickness have been reported in China thus far (Mungroo et al., 2019). None of them has sustained because of a substantial rise in CSF and intraocular pressure. Because the amoeba travels through the nose, contamination is most commonly transmitted through swimming, skiing, or other activities that drive water into the nasal passages. Infections are caused in patients who dipped their faces in thermal springs or used neti jars filled with contaminated water from the tap to clear their noses. If an individual has a sudden onset of fever, headaches, stiff neck, or nausea, they ought to seek medical assistance as soon as possible, particularly if they have recently been in warm water. The virus does not spread from person to person. Scenario Recorded A previously healthy lady aged forty-two years visited the emergency department claiming to have a severe and continuous headache. Before going to the health facility, she had taken some NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) but did not feel any better. She reported that the pain of the headache was excruciating and unbearable. She also recorded to have stayed in the freshwater for five days as a form of recreation. Symptoms arise two to fifteen days after. Death generally happens three to seven days following the onset of illness. The average period from sign start to end is 5.3 days. Only a few people have been known to have sustained an outbreak worldwide. Diagnosis Temperature, 39.2°C; heartbeat, 88 pulse rate of 88/m; breathing rate, 34 inhales/m; cardiac output, 135/55 mmHg were all noted throughout the test. A CT scan of the head revealed no abnormalities despite a strong meningeal irascibility indication and a left Babinski indication on physical examination. A repeat blood test indicated a leucocyte frequency of 10,480 cells/mm3 (80 percent neutrophils) and then a concentration of 2.6 mg/L of C-reactive protein (CRP). During this surgery, a needle is placed between two vertebrae in the lumbar region. A little volume of CSF is taken and submitted to a lab to be checked under magnification for the presence of the naegleria amoeba. A neural tap can also prevent proinflammatory cytokines and evaluate the spinal fluid volume. Following surgery, the CSF was unclear, with higher pressure (300 mmHg), an acceptable Pandy’s examination, relatively reduced sugar (1 mmol/L), significantly higher leukocytes (1,170 cells/mm3 plus 83 percent neutrophils), and peptide (>300 mg/dl). The customer was diagnosed with bacterial meningitis and received proper treatment as a consequence of the findings. She was sedated, anesthetized, and sent to the critical care unit due to her agitation and difficulty breathing (ICU). Prior to the examination, the majority of patients rapidly enter a severe coma with dramatically raised intracranial and CSF pressures, which can lead to loss of life. Second, there are no substantial medical studies testing the efficacy of a certain treatment option. Treatment To treat pyogenic meningitis, the patient was given 2g meropenem every eight hours, 600 mg linezolid every twelve hours, mannitol, and dexamethasone intravenously. On the second night of her ICU stay, she was less attentive, and a pupil dilation test revealed frozen and enlarged pupils. As a consequence, 150 mL of 20 percent mannitol was given for thirty minutes before CT scanning. Hydrocephalus, brain edema, hyperdense interhemispheric fissure cistern, and suprasellar cistern sign were all found on the brain CT scan, confirming cerebral hernia as well as meningoencephalitis. In addition, the exterior ventricular system for drainage was then installed, plus CSF specimens were taken and re-evaluated. The lady was subsequently diagnosed as having PAM, and the PCR yielded positive amplicons for Naegleria spp. as well as Naegleria fowleri at the intensity sequences of roughly 410 bp as well as 310 bp, correspondingly. Following this understanding, the linezolid prescription was immediately halted. The patient was immediately put on a regimen of venous conventional amphotericin B (5 mg at first, then on the following day, 10mg is administered. While on the third day it should be 25mg, and then after that, 50 mg per day) with fluconazole (400 mg/day). Early diagnosis of PAM with i.v. Amphotericin B and fluconazole, as well as oral rifampicin, may provide some chance of a remedy for this dangerous illness. Even though this lethal condition can be cured if handled early and successfully, most physicians have never heard of it. As a result, doctors must be mindful in regards to PAM occurring in all instances of infected meningitis, particularly in individuals who have recently been exposed to seawater during the warm months. Prognosis Even though his vital signs became reasonably constant with average body temperature, heart rate, and pressure after five days of goal therapies, a revisit CSF investigation for trophozoites was negligible. Her heart rhythm remained relatively steady with average heat, pulsation, and pressure, the Glasgow coma measurement (GCS) analysis consistently displayed three points, and no sudden respiration was observed. Given the prospects, the client was transported to a local health center on August 31st, where she passed on September 5th. Reference Mungroo, M., Khan, N., & Siddiqui, R. (2019). Naegleria fowleri: Diagnosis, treatment options and pathogenesis. Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs , 7 (2), 67-80. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/diagnosis-treatment-and-prognosis-of-naegleria-fowleri-disease/	228
Dietary Habits in the United States Essay The United States has a controversial history of dietary habits that are not determined as the healthiest ones. A separate topic on this matter is fast-food and its popularity among all age groups of the population. This amount of cholesterol and sugar has negative consequences for the body and has to be significantly reconsidered together with the number of vegetables and grains averagely consumed. Hot dogs and donuts on the go have become the norm for always rushing people. A 2004 US Eating Habit Survey found that about 75% of meals were from fast-food cafes (Hellas and Calder). Almost half of the ordered items were hamburgers, and about a third of them included sodas. Americans continue to consume about 20% of their daily calories in the form of hard-to-digest sugars like sodas (Hellas and Calder). All this negatively impacts well-being and leads to many severe issues like obesity. Healthy eating habits are incomprehensible without an adequate intake of vegetables. However, the consumption of vegetables is low: only 13% consumes the recommended amounts. Potatoes and tomatoes only make up 39% of the vegetables consumed by Americans (Hellas and Calder). According to statistics, boys aged 9 to 13 and girls aged 14 to 18 consume even fewer vegetables (Hellas and Calder). This topic demands to be discussed since it affects the nutrition of children and teenagers. The same questions arise when analyzing the consuming grain products. Whole grains should make more than half of total grain consumption, but 85.3% of the grain comes from refined products (Hellas and Calder). Refining grain is free of bran and germ, which are a source of nutritional fiber and vitamins. Many people buy bread from processed grain, inaccurately considering it more organic (Hellas and Calder). However, this is a delusion due to the lack of acknowledgement. Modern trends are introducing new dietary habits, which are widely advertised as the recent trend in healthy eating. However, some products only sound like a good option and have many damaging consequences for the body. One example is almond milk, which reasonably has some beneficial characteristics. However, most types of almond milk contain food additives that may be harmful to the body: locust bean gum (E410) and gellan gum (E418). These additives are considered safe, but an extensive amount may provoke side effects such as diabetes, diarrhea, allergy, rapid weight gain, migraines, and so on (Aguilar et al.). Such things should be openly brought to the public attention, so people can consciously manage their diet with no harm to the body. Another striking example is the rather popular gluten-free diet. Gluten consumption is harmful to people with only individual intolerance; for the rest, it is more likely another trend in conscious eating. The gluten-free diet gained so much popularity among Americans that almost everyone now tries to bypass this much-needed source of protein and fiber. Instead of gluten, manufacturers of many products add double doses of carbohydrates and sugar, which cause even more harm to the body (Niland and Cash). Every decision to consume or refuse any food item should be well-founded and supported by relevant scientific evidence. On the other hand, food is increasingly becoming a matter of choice. A variety of goods and services are freely available; there are stores with organic food and diet centers where specialists help with habits regulation. There are still many concerns demanding detailed study, but a person with a focus on a healthy lifestyle can get help in this direction. The mentioned reasons serve as a warning about the severe eating habits violation. It is essential to take this topic thoughtfully and educate people. Comprehensive educational work has a high potential to improve the awareness and well-being of the entire nation. It is also necessary to monitor the financial availability of good quality products through market analysis and extensive surveys. Works Cited Aguilar, Fernando, et al. “Re-evaluation of Locust Bean Gum (E 410) as a Food Additive”. EFSA Journal, vol. 15, no. 1, 2017. Web. Cena, Hellas, and Philip C. Calder. “Defining a Healthy Diet: Evidence for the Role of Contemporary Dietary Patterns in Health and Disease”. Nutrients, vol. 12, no. 2, 2020. Niland, Benjamin, and Brooks D. Cash. “Health Benefits and Adverse Effects of a Gluten-Free Diet in Non–Celiac Disease Patients”. Gastroenterology&Hepatology, vol. 14, no. 2, 2018.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/dietary-habits-in-the-united-states/	229
Difference Between Grass-Eater and Meat-Eater Essay The modern culture of food consumption is very diverse, and there are many recommendations and prohibitions from different social groups. Sometimes food intake becomes part of a large-scale and widespread subculture, distinguished by a particular worldview. One of the most essential regulators of eating meat was religion. Now religion is not able to control most of the society and their food addictions. Sometimes the refusal to eat meat is due to some medical factors, for example, a previous surgery. Meat is heavy food, and it is vital to cook it the right way, using steam, and not fat and oil. Modern society provides a variety of reasons for grass-eaters to stick to their position. The noticeable difference between grass-eaters and meat-eaters is in the diet and sometimes in the way of life. In addition, these people have different medical conditions and often have different medical histories and risks. Grass-eaters do not eat meat, no matter how it is cooked. Sometimes they consume dairy products or eggs, especially if they understand that their bodies will weaken without animal fats. The severity of the herb-eater’s diet can vary based on health, lifestyle, age. Some grass-eaters fit their dietary habits into their lifestyle and eventually give up wearing leather and silk clothing. It is a strict option in which the grass-eater must adhere to a clear ideology (de Boer et al., 2017). In turn, if meat eaters have bans on consuming specific meat (Muslims do not eat pork for religious reasons), then the prohibitions are due to personal reasons and choice. Taste, associations, unpleasant smell of a particular type of meat can affect the refusal to eat. Sometimes, meat-eaters refuse to wear leather clothing for ethical or aesthetic reasons. They are guided by the principle that brand, fashion, and aesthetics in clothing are not sufficient grounds for killing and experimenting with animals. Many people are confronted with the myth that the health of grass-eaters is better than the health of meat-eaters. The herb-eaters’ diet forces them to be attentive to their bodies and often visit doctors. For this reason, they may appear to be the healthiest, but this is not true. Like many conscious people, grass-eaters try to be attentive to themselves. Many herb-eaters additionally purchase nutritional supplements and vitamins, and they need medical advice to make the right choice. Meat-eaters are not attentive to their health; they neglect vitamins and rarely go to the doctor without listening to their body. The average grass-eater usually has less fat and cholesterol than the meat-eater. It allows doctors to say that people on such a diet have a lower risk of heart diseases, such as coronary artery disease or hypertension. Grass eaters are generally less likely to develop type II diabetes (de Boer et al., 2017). However, this is not strictly related to eating or avoiding meat. Cooking habits play an essential role, and sometimes food for herb-eaters is prepared in a very unhealthy way. Meat eaters can eat any meat, but avoid oil, deep fat, and a lot of hot spices. So they will maintain their body mass index and protect the body from irritants and overload. For both the meat-eating and grass-eating diets, it is recommended not to overeat. The first and noticeable difference between meat-eaters and grass eaters is the daily diet in which the latter lack animal meat and animal fat. Grass eaters also do not eat eggs and animal milk, replacing it with coconut or almond milk. This is the case for people with lactose intolerance who do not adhere to such a diet. Sometimes grass-eaters refuse to wear clothes made of leather, but this requires a rejection of meat in the diet and a formed view of meat consumption, an ideology. The diet of grass-eaters requires medical attention, so they add vitamins to their diet, having received recommendations from the clinic. It is usually not done by meat-eaters, neglecting food additives. Statistically, the average grass-eater has less cholesterol, lowering the risk of certain diseases. Their body mass index is usually lower than that of meat-eaters. Reference de Boer, J., Schösler, H., & Aiking, H. (2017). Towards a reduced meat diet: Mindset and motivation of young vegetarians, low, medium and high meat-eaters. Appetite , 113 , 387–397. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/difference-between-grass-eater-and-meat-eater/	230
Different Cooking Techniques Research Research Paper Introduction The revolution in cooking has resulted in a huge evolution of cooking techniques. Cooking has been practiced throughout history since ancient times. Previously, an ancient man consumed only raw food; nevertheless, once, a piece of flesh fell into the fire and was roasted (Harold 6). The man ate the portion and declared it delicious. Thus, the cooking process began and evolved. Cooking food is critical because it facilitates digestion, enhances the appearance, flavor, color, texture. In addition, cooking adds taste of the food diversity to the meal, thus the food stays fresher and lasts longer. Cooking also requires an understanding of products and equipment and the ability to plan and organize meal preparation within time limits. Not to mention that traditional cooking techniques are more superior and healthier than newer ones such as microwave cooking (Harold 4). There are numerous cooking techniques such as boiling and steaming, the majority of which date back to ancient. Microwaving is a more recent innovation (Harold 784). Various methods employ varying degrees of heat and moisture and require varying amounts of time to cook. The method used significantly impacts the overall result, as certain foods are more suited to certain processes than others. Cooking Techniques Cooking is the art of preparing food for consumption, most typically by the use of heat. Cooking techniques and ingredients vary significantly across the globe, reflecting distinct climatic zones, economic conditions, cultural traditions, and trends (Harold 777). Cooking techniques also vary according to an individual’s skill level and type of training. Conduction, convection, and radiation all contribute to the transfer of heat to the food during cooking (Harold 782). The method of cooking is determined by the way heat is applied to the meal. Certain foods, such as leafy greens such as spinach and fenugreek, contain high moisture. These foods are prepared in a way that takes advantage of this moisture. However, rice, wheat, and pulses have a low moisture content; they are cooked with more water (moisture) (Mwale et al. 1056). There are additional methods of cooking that do not require any water; in fact, these methods assist the food to remain crisp after completion. As a result, cooking techniques are classed as either moist heat, dry heat, or frying. Classification of Cooking Methods Cooking by Moist Heat Moist-heat cooking refers to cooking that uses watery substances as the primary cooking medium. The liquid is used for cooking food in moist heat (Bernhardt, Simone, and Elmar 328). The medium used during moist cooking include coconut cream, water or oil. Usually, the above liquids are included in cooked food or heated before the addition is done. Moist-heat cooking involves cooking at a lower temperature, often between 140 and 212 degrees Fahrenheit (which is, of course, the point at which water boils) (Lobefaro et al. 100381). In this research, we will discuss steaming, blanching, and boiling, as braising and poaching are often utilized for meat and fish preparation. This method includes submerging meals in boiling liquid or exposing them to steam to cook them. This highlights the food’s natural flavor and aroma. It is critical to understand the many forms of moist cooking to determine the most appropriate approach for a particular dish. Steaming, boiling, blanching, simmering, and poaching are all moist-heat cooking methods. Cooking by Dry Heat Dry heat cooking methods do not require the use of water to cook the meal. The meal is let to dry and then cooked using heat. In order for food to cook, it must either be heated in its juice or heated in a liquid that was added to it during cooking and evaporated, cooking the food. In fact, dry-heat cooking refers to any method of cooking that uses hot air, hot metal, a flame, or hot fat to transport heat to the meal without the need for moisture. Fat is an excellent medium for cooking on low heat (Mwale et al. 1056). At first, glance, because the fat in a deep fryer is liquid, it appears to be moist-heat cooking. Bear in mind that dry-heat cooking brown foods, whereas moist-heat cooking does not. As a result, it’s easy to see why fat is considered a dry-heat method, as dishes cooked in fat drippings turn golden and crispy when prepared correctly. Broiling, baking, roasting, grilling, pan-broiling, griddling, sautéing, pan-frying, and deep-frying is examples of dry-heat cooking methods. The ideal meats for dry cooking are extremely soft, have little connective tissue, and be served medium-rare. Moist Heat Cooking Techniques Braising and Stewing Searing or sautéing the food before partially covering it with liquid and simmering at a moderate temperature is the first step in braising. With braising, food cooks more evenly because heat is uniformly distributed throughout the pot, making it possible to cook it on the stovetop or in an oven (Mwale et al. 1056). Briskets from older animals or those with a larger percentage of connective tissue might benefit from being braise-cooked. The procedure is more widely utilized in current food preparation methods than in traditional ways. Braising technique is commonly used to cook modern foods as they require uniform distribution of heat. Poaching In poaching, food is immersed in a liquid such as wine, stock, or water and cooked at a low temperature. Poaching is distinguished from other “wet heat” cooking techniques, such as simmering and boiling, by its low temperature (about 160–180 °F (71–82 °C)) (Mwale et al. 1056). This temperature range is ideal for delicate foods like eggs, poultry, fish, and fruit, which can easily fall apart or dry out when cooked in other ways. Poaching is frequently seen as a healthy cooking method due to the absence of fat in the cooking and flavoring process (Roncero-Ramos et al. 294). Poaching is a simple way of cooking that requires no extra equipment and so saves fuel. Poached foods are easily digestible due to the absence of fat. Simmering Simmering is a cooking method in which food is cooked at temperatures between 180°F and 205°F. When a chef looks at the water, he or she will see bubbles forming and slowly rising to the top, but the water is not yet boiling over. Simmered food cooks pretty evenly since it is surrounded by water that keeps a reasonably constant temperature (Harold 784). It is the classic method for making stocks and soups, as well as starchy foods like potatoes or pasta dishes. The downside of simmering is that it leaches vitamins and other nutrients from the food into the cooking liquid. It is a fantastic choice for a variety of culinary preparations, including as stocks or soups, starchy things like potatoes or pasta, and many more. One disadvantage of this method of cooking is that it might lead the food to lose vitamins due to high temperatures of cooking involved. Steaming Steaming is a cooking method that involves exposing food to steam in a pressured steam cooker or heating it in a securely covered pan or other container. When cooking delicate foods like veggies, steaming is best. The cover of the pan traps the steam, creating a hot, moist atmosphere in which the food may cook. Steaming is not only wonderful for light meals like steamed pieces of bread, but it also helps maintain nutrients. When water is heated over 212°F, it ceases to be water and becomes steam (Harold 785). Steaming is quite gentle in physical agitation, making it perfect for preparing shellfish and other delicate things. Additionally, it offers the significance of cooking faster while reducing nutrient loss that may be caused by high temperature ranges. Interestingly, like water, steam has a maximum temperature of 212°F (Roncero-Ramos et al. 290). Unlike water, however, steam can be compelled to surpass this natural temperature limit through the use of pressurization (Harold 786). When the pressure is increased, the steam grows hotter with time. However, since cooking with pressured steam needs specialized equipment, the ordinary home chef would not use it. The steps involved in steaming include: * In the bottom section of a steamer, let the water boil. * Arrange veggies in a steamer or perforated pan large enough to fit on top of a double boiler. * Lid and steam until the vegetables are soft. Leave the lid slightly ajar if the vegetables are green to help keep their color. Dry heat cooking method Roasting and Baking While roasting is comparable to baking, the technique is more commonly associated with meat and poultry. Roasting food is usually doused in oil or other fluids to prevent it from drying out during cooking as opposed to baking. Roasting and baking are virtually synonymous. Both terms refer to a method of cooking an item by surrounding it in hot, dry air, typically inside an oven at temperatures of at least 300°F (but often much hotter) (Harold 784). This method cooks food pretty evenly, as all of the food’s surfaces are exposed to approximately the same amount of heat. This is in contrast to pan-searing, in which the surface that comes into contact with the hot pan becomes significantly hotter than the side that faces up. Both roasting and baking require that the food is cooked uncovered so that the heat is provided by hot, dry air rather than steam from the food. Despite these similarities, roasting and baking might signify slightly different things to different people (Lobefaro et al. 100381). Certain chefs reserve the term “baking” for bread, pastry, and other bakery dishes. Some people use the phrase “roasting” exclusively to refer to meats, poultry, and vegetables, but “baking” refers to fish and other seafood (Harold 784). Another contrast is possible in terms of temperature, with “roasting,” meaning increased heat and thus a more rapid and dramatic browning. Broiling and Grilling Broiling is a way of cooking that is very similar to grilling but is done in the oven. Broiling is the process of bringing food very close to an intense heat source to cook it quickly at a high temperature. Broiling is another type of dry-heat cooking that relies on heat conduction via the air (Harold 783). Broiling, similar to grilling, can also be done in the oven as a low-fat, direct-heat cooking method. Due to the fact that air is a poor conductor of heat, broiling and grilling require the food to be extremely close to the heat source, which is most frequently an open flame. Grilling is a quick and healthful form of cooking that preserves vitamins and minerals. As a result, the food’s surface cooks quickly, making this cooking method suitable for chicken, fish, and tender pieces of meat. Essentially, because this way of cooking is exceedingly hot and dry, it is normal to marinade foods that will be broiled or grilled. Usually, there is one crucial difference between broiling and grilling: grilling entails heating the meal below, and broiling requires heating the food from above (Harold 783). In both circumstances, the food is normally flipped once while cooking, and a grid or grate of some form is utilized to impart the distinctive grill marks characteristic of this cooking method. As with sautéing, preheating the broiler or grill prior to placing the food on it is crucial. Deep-Frying Another common form of cooking is the deep-fat frying technique. As strange as it may sound, deep frying is not a moist-heat approach but a dry-heat method. The temperature difference between deep frying and boiling is significant. Boiling water temperatures must never exceed 100C (212F), although deep frying temps can reach 200C. (400F) (Harold 784). These high temperatures enable the product to cook more quickly and to brown. Because deep-frying entails completely immersing the meal in hot, liquid oil, it may take some time to adjust to the fact that it is essentially a sort of dry-heat cooking (Harold 786). However, if one has ever witnessed the dramatic reaction of heated oil to even a tiny drop of water, they know that oil and water are opposed. The chef should ensure that anything they set in the hot fat is completely dry to avoid this. This may require patting an object dry with a paper towel prior to cooking. Deep-frying needs maintaining an oil temperature of 325°F to 400°F. If the oil gets any hotter than that, it may begin to smoke, and if it gets any cooler, it begins to seep into the food, causing it to get greasy. Deep-fried products should have very little oil on them after cooking, providing they were cooked properly (Harold 786). The trick to maintaining a hot oil temperature is to fry stuff in tiny batches, as adding too much food to the oil can cause it to cool. Another indicator that deep-frying is a sort of dry-heat cooking is the delicious golden-brown hue of items prepared this way. Frequently, foods are covered in a basic batter to protect them and retain their moisture. Pan-frying Pan-frying is a cooking technique that involves cooking food in an uncovered pan with a small amount of fat. It is comparable to sautéing but requires more fat and frequently lower heat. Pan-frying is a quick and easy cooking method comparable to frying but without the fat; it is sometimes referred to as sautéing (Harold 786). To achieve the greatest results, choose beef cuts that are 3/8′′ to 1/2′′ thick. Season the meat with salt and pepper while heating a skillet to medium-high heat for a 1/2-inch thick or less cut. Cook the meat in batches, flipping occasionally, but do not cover the skillet during the cooking process. As a cooking method, pan-frying relies on oil/fat as a heat transfer medium and on the proper temperature and timing to avoid overcooking or burning the food. Pan-frying can help preserve the moisture in meals like meats, fish, and seafood (Harold 786). Due to the partial covers, food is usually flipped at least once to guarantee even cooking on both sides. A pan-fry cooks lower than a sauté (Bernhardt, Simone, and Elmar 330). This is because the food to be pan-fried is not sliced into little pieces before cooking, such as chicken breasts, steak, pork chops, or fish fillets. Pan-frying demands a lower heat to prevent the exterior of the dish from overcooking before the interior reaches the right temperature, and it can help retain moisture in foods (Harold 786). The same amount of oil as in a sauté – just enough to coat the pan – is used in a pan fry, but the temperature should be reduced. The oil should constantly be heated enough to allow steam to escape from the food. Steam’s power prevents the oil from soaking into the meal. Conclusion In conclusion, there are various cooking techniques categorized as either moist cooking or dry cooking techniques. In a review, the paper has demonstrated that moist cooking techniques include steaming, boiling, blanching, simmering, and poaching. Moist-heat cooking involves cooking at a lower temperature, often between 140 and 212 degrees Fahrenheit (which is, of course, the point at which water boils). On the other hand, dry cooking techniques entail broiling, baking, roasting, grilling, pan-broiling, griddling, sautéing, pan-frying, and deep-frying are all examples of dry-heat cooking methods. The ideal meats for dry cooking are extremely soft, have little connective tissue, and be served medium-rare. Works Cited Bernhardt, Simone, and Elmar Schlich. “Impact of different cooking methods on food quality: Retention of lipophilic vitamins in fresh and frozen vegetables.” Journal of Food Engineering 77.2 (2018): 327-333. Web. Harold, McGee. “On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen.” Scribner, New York, NY, USA, 2004. Lobefaro, Sabrina, et al. “Cooking techniques and nutritional quality of food: A comparison between traditional and innovative ways of cooking.” International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science 25 (2021): 100381. Mwale, Tasila, Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman, and Debapriya Mondal. “Risk and benefit of different cooking methods on essential elements and arsenic in rice.” International journal of environmental research and public health 15.6 (2018): 1056. Web. Roncero-Ramos, Irene, et al. “Effect of different cooking methods on cultivated mushrooms’ nutritional value and antioxidant activity.” International journal of food sciences and nutrition 68.3 (2017): 287-297.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/different-cooking-techniques-research/	231
Differential Association Theory Essay The differential association theory was developed in 1939 by the veteran sociologist Edwin Sutherland. The study explains how prohibited manners master’s in social establishments can lead to criminology. Multiple people grasp the mindsets, methods, and justifications for illegal techniques by interacting with different persons. According to Lokanan (2018), people can minimize fraud-related cases by understanding the theory to maneuver positive results in the organizations such as schools. Students in high school interact with distinct people who possess offensive habits, and misconducts occur during this period. During my high school period, my classmates and other senior students abused drugs that caused a severe threat to their health. The use of alcohol and cocaine was considered a crucial practice by most cliques since they could access the drugs from the drug vendors in the nearest town. The drug dealers used to visit the school frequently to sell drugs to the addicted students within the school environment. Throughout my school experience, addictive students would rush to bathrooms to smoke, inject cocaine, and consume alcohol repeatedly. The actions arose since the learners’ parents could offer finances to the students hence, they could access the drugs. Drug abuse can lead to negative consequences such as low educational attainment, well-being problems such as brain disorders, and crime in society. The substance-induced in the body changes the brain functions through repeated use which determines the person’s genetic constituents (Fernàndez-Castillo et al., 2021). Drugs such as cocaine have enormous influences on individuals’ life and, and if overdosed, death can occur. Some individuals are better genetically sensitive to developing cocaine addiction compared to others. Cliques in high school who used drugs committed crimes and served imprisonment in various correctional facilities. Misconduct is one of the outcomes of drug violation whereby both educators and parents should maneuver new methodologies to remedy the problem. The provision of school-based education to the youth is one of the proposed techniques to minimize the use and abuse of drugs in schools (Montgomery et al., 2022). Educational interventions in schools can boost cognitive-behavioral skills and decrease exposure to social forces that raise drug misuse. The study shows that multiple youths do not possess felony patterns in their adult life. The theory illustrates that forty percent of people below 21 years old execute offenses in society. In addition, another feature such as growing up in a poor environment can lead to criminal behavior because of poverty or lack of necessities. Sutherlands argues that factors such as moral reasoning and freedom can control the intention of the people indulging in crimes (Brookes, 2021). Parents should ensure their children have the basic needs by engaging them in school-based education and non-curriculum activities such as games to avoid misconduct. The approach explains how people should understand the purpose of declining fraud in the social domains. The utilization of the material is a crucial source to curb the behavior and improve the student’s performance by offering health education. Parents and tutors should play their roles effectively by taking actions such as punishing the learners who bully others or commit offenses during their high school life. Culture has also influenced young people to join organized syndicates where many young individuals have lost their lives. It is critical to educate the youths about the consequences of the breach and drug misuse to minimize the demeanor in society. Education can support youthful people to gain motivation by acquiring proper skills during school life and making reasonable decisions. References Brookes, E. (2021). Sutherland’s differential association theory explained . Simply Psychology. Web. Fernàndez-Castillo, N., Cabana-Domínguez, J., Corominas, R., & Cormand, B. (2021). Molecular genetics of cocaine use disorders in humans. Molecular Psychiatry , 1-16. Lokanan, M. (2018). Informing the fraud triangle: Insights from differential association theory. Journal of Theoretical Accounting Research , 14 (1) 55-98. Montgomery, L., Vaughn, L. M., & Jacquez, F. (2022). Engaging adolescents in the fight against drug abuse and addiction: A concept mapping approach. Health Education & Behavior , 10901981211068416.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/differential-association-theory/	232
Digital Forensics Tools and Software Essay Digital forensics tools are highly popular among digital investigators, as they allow easily conducting of the necessary technical analyses. One of the most famous software programs for digital forensics is Autopsy, a toolkit that examines the images present on a device’s hard drive. Capable of interacting with personal computers and smartphones, Autopsy is highly versatile and contains several functions for properly investigating the image files present on the storage unit ( Autopsy , n.d.). Specifically, Autopsy allows viewing graphical information stored on the device, searching the repository for specific items, or extracting the data ( Autopsy , n.d.). Although this software is distributed freely, it remains an excellent tool for forensic analysis and is continuously updated to follow technological advances. Some digital forensics software is incredibly specific, created to examine a particular system. As such, Arsenal Recon is an instrument constructed to explore the Windows operating system and its registry, thus accessing information about the device’s configuration specifics. Considering that a Windows registry contains a vast amount of information about the applications installed and data processed, Arsenal Recon can be extremely valuable when conducting a digital forensic investigation ( Arsenal Recon , n.d.). However, this software is produced commercially, it cannot be obtained free of charge, and $65 a month or $756 a year must be paid to receive access. Finally, unique programs are required when working with a smartphone system. Cellebrite UFED is one of the methods used to retrieve data from various types of mobile devices, primarily modern-day smartphones that have distinct operating systems ( Cellebrite UFED , n.d.). In light of this evidence, Cellebrite UFED possesses a range of functions to remove the phone’s security measures, and access the information stored in the internal storage or on external cards ( Cellebrite UFED , n.d.). Nevertheless, the software can only be purchased for particular purposes, with prices starting at $2499. References Arsenal Recon. (n.d.). Digital forensics tools by digital forensics experts. Web. Autopsy . (n.d.). Web. Cellebrite UFED. (n.d.). Access and collect mobile device data. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/digital-forensics-tools-and-software/	233
Directional Strategies and Strategic Alternatives Case Study Directional strategies are the essential aspects or approaches that guide strategists make critical organizational decisions. The primary directional strategies include vision, mission, goals, and values. Vision statement creates a mental image of the organization to the society and the entire public. On the other hand, the mission statement highlights the organization’s distinctive reason or purpose for existing in a given environment and distinguishes it from others of its type. The organization’s scope of operations in goods, services, and the market is identified from the mission statement. Strategic goals are the results or benchmarks associated with success factors (Ginter et al., 2018). Lastly, the organization’s core values are the fundamental guiding principles that shape its culture amongst its members and stakeholders. On the contrary, strategic alternatives are the intellectual curiosity of gathering, organizing, and analyzing information accompanied by the willingness to be and remain open to creative thoughts, ideas, and solutions that last in the long term. Asian Health Services (AHS) has multiple directional strategies and strategic alternatives available for various organizational uses. According to the case, AHS’s mission is to advocate for the medically unserved and ensure equality in providing and access to adequate healthcare services to everyone in the Asian community, including refugees and immigrants regardless of their culture, language, insurance status, and income. It is driven by the inadequacy of healthcare services in the Asian community and other societies. For example, Obamacare, popularly known as the Affordable Care Act, requires all legal Americans to have healthcare coverage (Chung & Chin, 2015). AHS’s vision is to improve healthcare quality and promote health equity in Asia. The organizational value is to remain a not-for-profit operation. The AHS’s strategic goal is to strive to successfully adjust to the changing demographics, the free market economy, and the consumers’ preferences. AHS’s primary strategies include acquiring new electronic healthcare records, establishing an AHS care model, initiating extensive clinical education campaigns, and strengthening stakeholder bonds. Selected Strategies First, the new healthcare records would be connected with Obama’s Affordable Care Act policies to ensure compliance. It would help mission pursuit by facilitating easy and equal treatment of patients regardless of the third nationality, culture, language, insurance status, and income (Kimberly et al., 2014). Secondly, the new AHS care model would involve recruiting nurses, physicians, case managers, health coaches, mental health specialists, and counselors. The team must have the stated core values and focus on improving the patient’s overall health to achieve AHS’s mission, vision, and goals. Thirdly, AHS would initiate clinical education through healthcare and disease prevention experts. A good example is the plan to use the teamlet model to train medical assistants (Wilkinson et al., 2017). For the last strategy to strengthen shareholders, AHS would connect it to its goals, vision, and mission through active involvement of patients in the healthcare staff and the entire Asian community in the frontline in running and improving the healthcare systems. For example, AHS seeks to open up communication and call for employee unions to ally with the management. Implementation AHS implemented the selected Strategies and strategic plans through various means that were deemed worthy of the organizational investment. First, the organization began by introducing and treating uninsured patients, launching a primary healthcare revolution, inventing a new delivery system, pushing for accessible health services, primary prevention, comprehensive and patient-centered care. For example, in 2014, eight thousand uninsured patients were treated in the new healthcare model and Act (Le et al., 2017). Other implementation methods included education where the AHS organization used the Teamlet model alongside retraining nurses, hiring, recruiting, developing fresh graduates, and implementing a pilot site for state-level programs. References Chung, K., & Chin, W. N. (2015). Asian Health Services: Rediscovering a Blue Ocean . Web. Ginter, P. M., Duncan, W. J., & Swayne, L. E. (2018). The strategic management of health care organizations. John Wiley & Sons. Kimberly, S.G., Chang, J.J, Phyllis, P., and Kwee, S., (2014). “Opening access for Burmese and karen immigrant and refugee populations in California : A blueprint for integrated health service expansion to emerging Asian communities.” AAPI Nexus, 12, no. 1 and 2. Le, H., Hirota, S., Liou, J., Sitlin, T., Le, C., & Quach, T. (2017). Oral health disparities and inequities in Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. American journal of public health, 107(S1), S34-S35. Wilkinson, G. W., Sager, A., Selig, S., Antonelli, R., Morton, S., Hirsch, G., & Wachman, M. (2017). No equity, no triple aim : Strategic proposals to advance health equity in a volatile policy environment. American journal of public health , 107(S3), S223-S228.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/directional-strategies-and-strategic-alternatives/	234
Disadvantaged Groups of Society Essay Summary As a result of numerous socio-cultural and scientific revolutions that took place throughout the 20th century, the attitude towards many social groups was revised by the collective majority. In the process of social revolution, the scientific community coined the word “marginalized” groups to describe people who do not fit into the standard perception of the normalized American. These people are devoid of the social benefits that are implied to be inalienable to ordinary citizens. The disadvantaged as a category can include various social groups that are distinguished according to different characteristics, such as race, gender, sexual orientation, or disability. The same and unifying principle for these groups is their relationship with the surrounding society, in which they are deprived of the basic conditions that are considered necessary for a comfortable existence. This is due to their opposition to the mainstream of American society, as a result of which disadvantaged groups are in the position of a minority, suppressed by the systemic reality of the collective majority. Having considered two different social groups that fit this characteristic, it becomes possible not only to trace the history of changes in the political and cultural landscape but also to critically comprehend it. LGBTQ+ Rights: a History The struggle for homosexuals and transgender for the right to express is long enough and can officially date back to the founding of the Human Rights Society, one of the oldest human rights organizations in America. This society was the first to openly support people with non-normative sexual orientations, and their book Friendship and Freedom was the first publication for homosexuals. Due to prolonged legislative pressure, this society was soon disbanded, but its appearance marked the beginning of the legal history of gay activism. This historical example seems indicative of demonstrating the pressure of the prevailing social forces over the groups marginalized by it. Subsequently, the fight against homosexuals was at the official level after the end of the post-war restoration (Portmann, 2018). During that time, thousands of people were fired from their jobs in government or military service. This was done because homosexuality was categorized as a mental illness that distorts the stable functioning of the psyche. LGBTQ+ Struggle for Rights Now More recently, in America, LGBT + activism continues to bear fruit, seeking to neutralize the attitude of the social majority towards their representatives. The empowerment of the transgender community deserves a separate mention here since, at the moment, the normative restrictions that exclude transgender people from a number of social practices are really neutralized. Toilet visits consistent with gender identity have become a separate issue here, as the Obama administration’s rule was overturned by the next President, Donald Trump. For four years, a schoolboy suffering from gender dysphoria Gavin Grimm fought the court for the right to visit the women’s toilet and won the case in 2020 (Meyer & Keenan, 2017). This example is illustrative to demonstrate how the concept of gender identity overcomes the limitations posed by normative representations of sex. This year, President Biden allowed transgender military personnel to join the army, stating that every qualified American can fulfill a duty to a country. Native American Populations: an Overview Native American populations experienced an unthinkable number of acts of oppression and violence throughout the 19th century and beyond. Historically, following President Jackson’s decree, the forced relocation of tens of thousands of Indians resulted in a staggering number of deaths. Genocide or ethnic cleansing has led to the murder of over 50 million indigenous people in America over the course of a century (Hackel, 2017). To this day, Native Americans are a socially vulnerable group of the American population since a complete reparation of the damage caused to these people seems to be still impossible. Indigenous Populations’ Rights Today The main problem that Native Americans face in modern society is their primordially distorted and biased cultural perception of them. Indians in modern society are exoticized, considered different, and in this regard, they distance themselves from the mainstream of American society. The answer to this misunderstanding may be the spread of cultural knowledge that would destroy stereotypes. Only by educating others, who usually voluntarily abandon new knowledge in the name of a stereotype, will it be possible to overcome prejudice against the indigenous population of America. The Native American Rights Foundation is a prime example of a Native American rights organization that preserves not only their culture but also their tribal natural resources. Patriarchy and Homophobia The concept of patriarchy implies that in the system of social order, it is men who determine the organization and arrangement of society. In it, males have the highest authority and social privileges, being in a dominant position over the rest of society. Through this concept, it seems possible to analyze the phenomenon of rejection of homosexuals and transgender people in American society. Same-sex relationships seem unacceptable in such a society, which can also be called heteropatriarchal in feminist theory. In such a system of social-hierarchical interactions, only a normative cisgender man can have an authoritative position. Thus, homophobia can be and is often one of the negative manifestations of patriarchal ideology. Stratification and Indigenous People in the US The concept of stratification in sociology is a designation similar to the notion of the distribution, arrangement, and distribution of elements and categories. Stratification means a division of society into social strata determined by particular signs and criteria. Speaking about the history of the indigenous peoples in the territory of the United States, it should be noted that from the very beginning of their interaction with the colonialists, they were socially marginalized and pushed to the bottom of the new social order. At the moment, their position is also different from the standard – according to the stratification system, they are at the bottom of the social pyramid in a number of parameters, such as income or types of activity. Self-identity and LGBTQ+ It would be interesting to consider the struggle of the LGBTQ + community for equality from the perspective of the concept of self-identification. This theoretical development of perceiving a person is included in the process of constant self-reflection on the subject of their personality. A person is always aware of who they are in the process of how they become someone. The fluidity of gender inherent in transsexual culture receives an original reading through the theory of self-identity since it is thus a stage in the process of knowing oneself and one’s own formation. Therefore, it is important to support these social groups since, otherwise, they are marginalized, and there is a risk of loss of social identification or discrimination. Functionalism and Indigenous People Through the theory of functionalism, in particular, developed by the famous sociologist Emile Durkheim, one should carefully consider the current state of the indigenous peoples of America. Functionalism seeks to view society as something that is not in a state of conflict but in a constant striving for unity. The conflict between societies arose due to the lack of common goals and the desire to possess one certain image of the future. The behavior of the settlers turned out to be dictated by two attitudes revealed by Durkheim – selfishness and belief in moral values. Dominance over the indigenous population is due to the desire for enrichment and missionary belief in the truth of their own value system. In modern reality, indigenous peoples find themselves on the fringes of society precisely because of this massive trauma inflicted by English-speaking society. We can say that the indigenous population is a separate society striving to preserve the remaining areas of their culture. References Hackel, S. W. (2017). An American Genocide: The United States and the California Indian catastrophe, 1846–1873. Journal of American History, 104(2), 502–503, Web. Meyer, E. J., & Keenan, H. (2017). Can policies help schools affirm gender diversity? A policy archaeology of transgender-inclusive policies in California schools. Gender and Education, 30(6), 736-753. Web. Portmann, J. (2018). Women and gay men in the postwar period. Bloomsbury Publishing.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/disadvantaged-groups-of-society/	235
Discussion: City Planning and Pandemics Research Paper Modern city planning studies how people interact with elements of the urban environment and each other. It seeks to determine what a city should be and meet the needs of its inhabitants. The city structure is widely dependent on external factors such as weather conditions, global diseases, and others. The question for urbanists following the results of the coronavirus epidemic is how to make the city resistant to quarantine. The emerging demand conditions the importance of the topic for improving city planning procedures in terms of the pandemic of COVID-19 that hit all major world cities (Kakderi, Oikonomaki, & Papadaki, 2021). Hence, it is vital to elaborate new strategies for more resilient urban design. There is no environment that would guarantee against infection with the virus. It is essential to imagine how the population moves around the city in urban planning – this is also one of the pandemic lessons. Approximately 95 percent of all cases of COVID-19 in the first months of the spread of infection occurred in cities (Batty, 2020). The pandemic has impoverished another 120 million people, and the quality of life worldwide has declined by 23 percent (Pineda & Corburn, 2020). Throughout the pandemic, local authorities have been responsible for quickly and decisively creating a barrier to the virus. In many places, municipal authorities have coped with this task with honor. People who live without basic amenities become infected more easily and transmit the virus to others (Kakderi et al., 2021). Therefore, it is imperative to create everyday living conditions for citizens, and for this, it is necessary to fight inequality. Numerous megacities decided to impose restrictions by shutting down restaurants, malls, and other public facilities. In addition, the authorities demanded isolation, which, it seemed, was not an ideal means of fighting infections (Pineda & Corburn, 2020). In order to keep people from social contact, propaganda had to explain that a person is not a friend to a person but a threat to health. On the other hand, public transport could not have been excluded from the proper city functioning. Meanwhile, many cities have relied on a culture of interaction by introducing masks, social distancing, and vaccinations. Citizens’ self-organization, which was highly supported by local authorities, was perhaps the most effective policy in the fight against the pandemic. Regardless of the measures undertaken, the urban areas have undergone drastic changes since the beginning of the coronavirus epidemic. Numerous businesses went bankrupt and shut down, emptying the streets. What is more, one-fifth of the population moved out to countryside areas seeking more isolation and protection (Pineda & Corburn, 2020). However, there is a positive outcome, too – the city roads have become less congested and contaminated because citizens stopped going out every day. Even though it is impossible to completely re-plan the city for emergencies, it is necessary to introduce measures to mitigate the probable consequences of a pandemic. For instance, it is worth creating multifunctional residential quarters where all the essential services are within walking distance (Batty, 2020). This strategy will prevent residents from visiting crowded facilities and spreading the virus. Experts have studied the possibility of a layout that will allow commercial and residential buildings to be located nearby, including affordable housing (Lennon, 2021). Such complexes can contribute to improving public health, ecology, and economic development. Increasing the autonomy of housing can significantly reduce the load on urban networks, waste removal and recycling systems, water purification, as well as food production and delivery. Furthermore, it is indispensable to develop a legally binding spatial and temporal zoning of the urban area and introduce various modes of its use. It should be based on indicators of social distancing, the permissible concentration of people, and the time of their joint stay in the same space (Lennon, 2021). Changing the opening hours of stores and institutions can be another option for simultaneously reducing the concentration of individuals in the same place. Ultimately, the interaction between representatives of governments, civil society, and the private sector within the framework of a new social contract would be the most successful initiative. Such a contract should provide for the financing of citizens’ basic income, universal medical care, and affordable housing. This strategy could help the vulnerable groups of the population primarily. In case they do not have lodgings, they will be forced to reside in the streets, which can contribute to a broader spread of infection. Hence, this policy is aimed at protecting public health. In summary, urban planning can be significantly affected by the surge of a pandemic and destroy the infrastructure. Despite the impossibility of preparing the cities for the rise of pandemics, it is still vital to introduce the security measure to be undertaken in case of emergency. This policy should be aimed at reducing the number of people staying in the same place at the same time. In general, the world’s big cities have learned great lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic. References Batty, M. (2020). The Coronavirus crisis: What will the post-pandemic city look like? Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science , 47 (4), 547-552. Web. Kakderi, C., Oikonomaki, E., & Papadaki, I. (2021). Smart and resilient urban futures for sustainability in the post-COVID-19 era: A review of policy responses on urban mobility. Sustainability, 13 , 6486. Web. Lennon, M. (2021). Planning and the post-pandemic city. Planning Theory & Practice , 1-4. Web. Pineda, V.S., & Corburn, J. (2020). Disability, urban health equity, and the Coronavirus pandemic: Promoting cities for all. Journal of Urban Health, 97 , 336-341. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/discussion-city-planning-and-pandemics/	236
Discussion: Electric Cars and the Future Research Paper Nowadays, there is a rapid development of technologies in many spectra of human life. Modern developments’ main task is making a man’s life convenient and safe. However, it is also essential to remember the impact of human life on nature and the environment. Thus, the development of electronic vehicles provides additional comfort for movement and positively affects the environment. With the evolution of industry and traffic systems, one should understand that human influence on nature has become destructive. It is primarily due to the consequences of the development of transportation, especially cars, which has become a cause for concern and elaboration of alternatives. In particular, electric vehicles are gaining popularity as a replacement for internal combustion engines. Electric cars are better for the future due to the absence of negative impact on the environment since not have harmful substances emission. Carbon dioxide emissions, the main reason for which is the widespread use of vehicles with internal combustion engines, have a negative impact on the environment. It is formulated not only by air pollution but also by the destructive effect on the atmosphere. In turn, it has an effect on the climate, namely on the increase in average temperature, since the layers of the atmosphere have a protective function. Thus, the technologies of electric vehicles are essential to the automotive industry and the user due to better fuel economy and positive environmental impact (Mi and Masrur 11). In other words, electric cars will save humanity from the threats of warming-related cataclysms and help in the economic aspect. Electric cars reduce fuel consumption, which will positively impact the exhaustive energy sources issue. The main argument for the necessity to replace cars with internal combustion engines with electric ones is the degree of influence of vehicles on the environment. Moreover, one should consider the number of engines and other types of vehicles: buses, trucks, and tractors. Passenger cars rank first in terms of the number of units used, respectively, having the most significant impact. In addition, passenger cars are ahead of other types of transport in terms of quantity, namely, airplanes, ships, and rail transport. Although passenger cars are used in most cases for trips up to 200 kilometers, they still have a significant degree of negative impact. It is stated by the fact that the number of simultaneously used units is large, which leads to the accumulation of emissions. Fig. 1. Chart Demonstrating Emission Degree in EU All modes of transport, except for road transport, have lower carbon dioxide emissions, and the smallest share goes to rail transport. As can be seen in Figure 1, road transportation has 72% of overall emissions, and 60,7% goes to automobiles (See Fig. 1 above) (MLA 8th, 3). One may also notice that water and air transport have a fairly high share of emissions, although less compared to road transport. Thus, one may identify that replacing internal combustion engines with electric ones will significantly improve the situation. In regards to car-related issues, one should consider the long-term implications and results. It includes two aspects: the impact on the environment and the use of natural resources. In recent years there has been a significant increase in oil extraction (Vilches and Jonatan 164). This is primarily due to the increased demand for gasoline extracted from oil. In turn, it is connected with the growth in the number of cars, especially personal ones. In other words, one may notice that the existing indicators showing the degree of negative impact on the environment may increase. Thus, the prospect of switching to electric engines, at least in passenger cars, is an effective way to solve the problem in the long term. At the same time, it will affect the two above-mentioned aspects, namely the impact on nature and the problem of using resources. Electric cars have another advantage in terms of consumables, energy savings, and machine functionality. It was possible to identify that the technologies of the interaction of mechanisms in electric cars, which reduce the degree of friction, could reduce energy losses by 18-40% (Holmberg and Erdemir 2). It is connected with the principle of operation of electric cars, namely the reduction of the pistons and levers quality, which wear out quickly in usual cars. In turn, applying electricity will reduce emissions and resource utilization for the construction of these parts. It was also possible to establish the advantage of electric cars in terms of carbon dioxide emissions compared to conventional cars. In combustion engine cars, the CO2 emission is 4.5 higher compared to electric cars (Holmberg and Erdemir 3). One may notice that the degree of difference is significant, considering the number and degree of modern vehicles usage. Moreover, the electricity used to charge electric cars may come only from inexhaustible sources of energy in the future. Green energy, or energy produced with the help of natural forces, cancels the impact on the number of existing resources. It includes energy from wind, water, ebb and flow, sunlight, as well as geothermal energy, which is obtained using geothermal sources. Moreover, nowadays one has some outlines of switching to electricity not only in cars. Electric vehicle technology is applicable for locomotives, off-road vehicles (construction and mining vehicles), ships, and to some extent to, aircraft (Mi and Masrur 13). Certainly, it is necessary to apply technologies that are not yet available to people for such developments. However, it will be possible in the future, which in turn would entail a revolution in the context of energy use. Additionally, one will significantly improve the condition of the environment due to the fact that the number of emissions will approach zero. It would solve the climate issues and improve the air condition, which would positively affect the health of the population and flora and fauna. In other words, the use of electric transport has local and general long-term advantages. The application of electric engines will reduce the need to process materials and transport them to extract fuel and gasoline. Similar to burning gasoline in car engines, the refining oil process emits carbon dioxide. Moreover, a significant amount of pollution of the world’s oceans was provoked by waste from oil refining and accidents during the transportation of oil or fuel. Oil spots resulting from spills due to accidents have a devastating effect on the flora and fauna of the ocean. Additionally, it negatively affects the microflora of the sea, which can lead to long-term negative consequences. Besides, harmful substances settled on the surface of the water due to fuel burnout during water transportation also negatively affect both the condition of the water and flora and fauna. Thus, the transition to electric cars has a positive impact not only on the air, usage of resources, and energy but also on the world’s oceans. Reducing car emissions around the world will have a significant positive impact on air quality, acid rains, smog, and climate change. The health effects of vehicle emissions are also of concern. Car noise is harmful to people since it affects not only hearing but also the development of hypertension. Carbon and nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, compounds containing sulfur formulate the dangerous mix that one consumes every day on the streets of one’s city. Road transport’s other environmental impacts include traffic congestion and urban sprawl that can occupy natural habitats and agricultural land. The exhaust gases of cars contain a large amount of lead, which, together with salts of other metals, enters the soil, surface, and ground waters and is absorbed by plants. During the operation of a car with internal combustion engines, the sources of emissions of harmful substances are exhaust gases and uncontrolled spillage of operating materials onto the ground. To conclude, electric cars are better for the future for a number of reasons, both local and general long-term causes. Modern researches, as well as the work of scientists, formulate arguments for the positive impact of electric cars on the environment and on the future life. Moreover, it is possible to switch to electric engines not only in cars, which provoke the most of emissions among transportation types. There are plans to use electricity instead of fuel in trains, ships, and airplanes. It was found that the difference between the impact on the environment and air of electric cars and ones with combustion engines is significant. Moreover, it will have positive consequences in terms of the use of energy and natural resources. Works Cited European Environment Agency. 2019, Web. Holmberg, Kenneth, and Erdemir Ali. “The Impact of Tribology on Energy Use and CO2 Emission Globally and in Combustion Engine and Electric Cars.” Tribology International, vol. 135, 2019. ScienceDirect, Web. Mi, Chris, and Masrur Abul. Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Principles and Applications with Practical Perspectives. 2 nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, 2017. Vilches, Gomez, and Jonatan J. The Impact of Electric Cars on Oil Demand and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Key Markets . KIT Scientific Publishing, 2019.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/discussion-electric-cars-and-the-future/	237
Discussion of Abortion Rights Aspects Annotated Bibliography Chemerinsky, Erwin, and Michele Goodwin. “Constitutional Gerrymandering against Abortion Rights: Nifla V. Becerra.” New York University Law Review , vol. 94, no. 1, 2019, pp. 1-124. This article, published by two professors of law, discusses abortion rights as they pertain to informing women about contraception and abortion. The article’s main point, illustrated by recent cases, is that the conservative Supreme Court will likely continue to infringe upon abortion rights using very broad interpretations of the Constitution. It may be useful in the paper because the authors quote important statistics regarding abortion to support their point. The source’s strength is in using statistical data to reinforce its point, but the author’s clear bias in favor of abortion rights may be considered a weakness. Erdman, Joann an. “Theorizing Time in Abortion Law and Human Rights.” Health and Human Rights Journal , vol. 19, no. 1, 2017, pp. 29-40. This article by a specialist in health law and policy discusses the issue of abortion from health and justice perspectives. The author argues that specific terms for allowing or forbidding abortion are largely arbitrary, and the main concern should be caring for the health and rights of women rather than imposing any rigid standard. The article analyzes numerous examples of legal temporal restrictions to stringy support its point, but its weakness is that it does not advise on specific ways of addressing pregnant women’s rights and health. It would be best used to provide information on how abortion laws view health risks. Jones, Rachel K., and Jenna Jerman. “Population Group Abortion Rates and Lifetime Incidence of Abortion: United States, 2008–2014.” The American Journal of Public Health , vol. 107, no. 12, 2017, pp. 1904-1909. This article by two researchers from the Guttmacher Institute, a leading abortion advocacy organization, covers the rates of abortion in the United States. The authors’ method was cross-referencing several databases, and their conclusion is that there is an evident but not uniform decline in abortion rates. The wealth of statistical information is the source’s main strength and also the best way to use it in the paper. Its main weakness is rhetorical because the authors’ affiliation indicates a bias in favor of abortion. Rebouche, Rachel. “Abortion Rights as Human Rights.” Social & Legal Studies , vol. 25, no. 6, 2016, pp. 765-782. This article by a lawyer from Temple University argues that a human rights perspective may minimize the legal challenges of implementing abortion rights. It supports this main point by discussing how the increasing prominence of the human rights perspective weakens institutional barriers against abortion rights. It would be best used to illustrate the argument in favor of abortion rights based on the [regnant women’s right to health, which is its major strength. Thomson, Judith J. “A Defense of Abortion.” University of Colorado , Web. This article, written by a prominent feminist thinker for everybody interested in the subject, debunks philosophical arguments against abortion. By using robust thought experiments, which constitute its major strength, the article proves that arguments against abortion based on the fetus’s right to live do not stand up to criticism. It is best used according to its strengths to illustrate mainstream logical arguments for and against abortion, and its only weakness is that it is relatively old, but its logic does not really age. Annotated Bibliography #1: Children’s Dependence on Technology Hadlington, Lee, et al. “I Cannot Live Without My [Tablet]: Children’s Experiences of Using Tablet Technology Within the Home.” Computers in Human Behavior , vol. 94, 2019, pp. 19-24. This article written by several professional psychologists discusses the symptoms and effects of digital technology addiction on children. Its main point is that the unregulated use of digital devices may become problematic and lead to addiction development. The article’s strength lies in the authors’ empirical study identifying the main reasons for developing tablet addiction, and it is best used accordingly. Its weakness, though, is being largely limited to tablets and not considering other devices. Konca, Ahmet. “Digital Technology Usage of Young Children: Screen Time and Families.” Early Childhood Education Journal , 2021. This article by a specialist in elementary education analyzes the use of digital devices by children between 3 and 6 years. Based on the author’s field study, it concludes that the use of television, smartphones, and tablets is very prominent, although moderated by income and familial relations. The source’s main strength is its empirical foundation, and it can be used to provide data on children’s screen time with digital devices. The source’s weakness is a relatively modest sample limiting its usefulness. Miller, Carolina. “Is Internet Addiction Real?” Child Mind Institute , Web. This article from a resource specializing in children’s mental health discusses the prominence of internet addiction in children. It acknowledges that such an addiction exists but argues that a child needs to demonstrate extreme behavior to be diagnosed with it. It is best used as a cautionary reminder not to overestimate the dangers of technology addiction. However, the weakness of this source is that it only covers Internet addiction specifically, while the children’s use of digital devices is not limited to using the Web. Rhodes, Anthea. “Screen Time and Kids: What’s Happening in our Homes?” T he Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne , 2017, Web. This report, prepared by the Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, covers the impact of digital technology on children’s health. Its main point is that children’s use of digital devices is both prominent and largely unregulated. It can be used to illustrate how parents neglect the suggested pediatric limitation on the use of digital devices, thus potentially harming their kids. The report’s strength lies in combining information on digital device use and pediatric recommendations, but it is brief and does not provide exhaustive data. Rideout, Victoria, and Michael Robb. The Common Sense Census: Media Use by Kids Age Zero to Eight . Common Sense Media, 2020. This report by a child development organization covers children’s use of digital technology and parents’ perception thereof. Its main point digital technology may supplement the children’s learning effectively but also requires attentive parental control. The source’s main strength is the wealth of data on how children use digital technology and how dependency on it may affect their development, and its best use in the paper is to cover this topic. The source’s weakness is that its data comes from 2011-2017 and may not be entirely up-to-date.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/discussion-of-abortion-rights-aspects/	238
Discussion of Conflict Capability Essay An individual’s conflict resolution capability plays a critical role in teamwork skills. As per the results of the proposed questionnaire, my ability to handle interpersonal problems is moderate since I have received a score of 15 out of 21. This outcome suggests that I am rather good at managing minor disagreements with non-critical differences in the conflicting parties’ perspectives but may require professional assistance when confronting serious conflicts. From my perspective, the questionnaire was rather accurate in assessing my capability as a conflict mediator. Firstly, the result aligns with my reactions to disagreements in real-life situations in workplace contexts and personal life. For me, it is relatively easy to negotiate and propose win-win solutions in disagreements that center on non-essential aspects of collaboration, such as the distribution of minor tasks and dissimilarities in work styles. However, in more complex situations that involve the need to consider parties’ mutually exclusive interests, require radical behavioral changes, and take much time to be resolved, my contributions do not necessarily promote rapid consensus achievement. Secondly, the tool uses effective questions to measure the respondent’s abilities since it recognizes the influences of experiences and attitudes towards conflicts on one’s capability instead of reducing it to the presence of formal training. With that in mind, I would assess the questionnaire positively. Finally, personal SWOT analysis is another useful tool for self-assessment. Some strengths peculiar to conflict management include my rather strong self-control skills, empathy, and experiences in communicating with culturally and socially diverse populations. However, the fear of open and aggressive confrontation can be considered as a weakness that might reduce my effectiveness in asserting my interests. The ability to observe more experienced negotiators in the workplace is the key opportunity that could support my self-improvement efforts, but it might involve the threat of adopting methods that only possess situational effectiveness. Based on the SWOT analysis, I have a moderate willingness to confront conflicts.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/discussion-of-conflict-capability/	239
Discussion of Fairy Tales Aspects Essay Background While appearing to be simple stories about Damsels in distress, fairy tales are full of hidden messages that impact children’s perception of reality and influence their social relationships. Even though many fairy tales have been revised and rewritten over the years, they often remained their archaic and dichotomous worldviews, expressing discriminating gender roles and social norms, reinforced and propagated through a system of reward and punishment. Even in a more global and liberal world, the underlying values of these fairy tales continue to affect children, often unconsciously, for the rest of their lives. This research will explore several fairy tales, written by the Grimm Brothers, such as Cinderella, Snow White, and Briar Rose (Sleeping Beauty) that express, especially controversial social norms and gender roles. Through classroom discussions and performances children reevaluate meanings, scrutinize stereotypes and opinions they may have formed prematurely after first reading the fairy tales. While critical thinking is often considered as a product of education, age, and experience, this research shows that critical thinking is a skill that can be encouraged and actively reinforced at a young age already. The benefits of fostering and implementing critical thinking in young children in the context of fairy tales is especially crucial as critical thinking helps mitigate the strong influence of these fairy tales on the personalities of young children. Research Questions This research aims to find answers to the following questions: 1. How do particular Grimms’ fairy tales affect children’s perception of reality? 2. Can we develop critical thinking in children by, for example, engaging the fairy tale context critically through reading, analyzing, reenacting (role play), and discussing it with them? 3. After increasing children’s critical thinking, can we note changes in their judgments concerning social norms 4. What are the issues, thoughts, or ideas that children mention concerning their perceptions of social norms within studied fairy tales? Significance of the Study In an era where children are exposed to a vast amount of information, often receiving conflicting messages, fostering critical thinking at a young age becomes especially imperative. Critical thinking skills help students acknowledge different perspectives and sources of information and so making them more compassionate towards other people’s opinions. Moreover, to be able to scan sources critically helps students evaluate content, potentially protect them from manipulation. The benefits of thinking independently, reflectively, and innovatively that come with critical thinking are enormous. Most of all cultivating critical thinking helps students in their development as well-rounded human beings, able to make responsible and mature choices in life. Literature Review Fairy tales Fairy tales are defined as “traditional stories written for children that usually involves imaginary creatures and magic” (Cambridge dictionary). They are ordinarily meant for children and are characterized by extraordinary and grotesque elements such as wizards, goblins, elves, as well as nixies. The term “fairy” refers to the magical and fanciful setting of these tales. The term does not refer to the fairy character that a particular story presents. “Fairy tales are important pieces of children’s literature that have had a lasting impact on our society” (Nanda, 2104, 1). Fairy stories often refer to folk tales that had been transferred from one generation to the next through story telling before being published in journals, chronicles or books. The Grimm Brothers The Two early nineteenth century German authors, Jacob Ludwig Carl Grimm and Wilhelm Carl Grimm, collected fairy tales in what is usually called Grimm’s Fairy Tales , including Hansel and Gretel, Little Red Riding Hood, Rumpelstiltskin, Snow White, The Seven Dwarfs, and many others. According to Zipes (2015, 115), the early stories gathered by the Grimm Brothers are abrupt, rude, ridiculous, funny, and sad and the Grimms brothers never intended that they would be read aloud to youngsters. The stories are about children and families and how they dealt with challenging circumstances. The Grimms believed that the stories and morals came organically from the German people through an oral tradition, and they sought to preserve them before the tales were lost forever. The Grimms made a distinctive contribution to folklore by collecting the tales. The Grimms intended to pass down oral tales to the German people, not expecting that these tales would become relevant in other cultures as well. Although Zipes (2015, 114) states that the narratives can be regarded as part of the German nationalist movement in the 19th century, they are also connected to stories from many other nations. Critical Thinking Critical thinking, among others, helps students understand different perspectives and imagine life situations from different point of views. The ability to think critically reflectively facilitates forming judgments individually, responsibly and more ethically, which has implications for many aspects in our lives, including decisions making. According to Florea and Hurjui (2015), critical thinking refers to fact examination in order to reach a conclusion or form a judgment. In other words, it is an essential skill that enhances learning during the early stages of life. According to the actual educational situation (static environment) and the development stage of critical thinking (dynamic environment), early learning exercises and participation activities are developed (Florea & Hurjui, 2015). There are various teaching methods. Including the composition skills of analyzing arguments, using inductive or deductive reasoning for reasoning, judgment, or evaluation, and making decisions or solving problems. Prior knowledge about a given topic is a necessary, but not sufficient condition for students to engage the subject critically. Critical thinking is a processing and problem-solving method established on intelligent, logical, and cogent arguments. Furthermore, it includes the selection, evaluation, and verification of the right answer to a particular assignment. Critical thinking further provides adequate reasons for rejecting alternative solutions provided during the process. It is the process of learning to persistently combine different types of data to offer advantages and disadvantages, assess them to confirm the truth, modify information, and produce new conceptions. Additionally, it is a complicated, organized, and positive procedure essential in a person’s daily life. Similar to writing and reading, listening and speaking, it entails the process of thinking that originates from a point of accumulating positive data and utilizing it to obtain reasonable results. Previous Studies on Fairy Tales and Critical Thinking According to recent research children engage in the same cognitive processes and are as capable of critical thinking as adults (Lai, 2011, 465). Fairy tales play an important role in helping children to critically reflect on stereotypical nuances and gendered content narrated in various storybooks, preparing them for the challenges in the future. Transmitted through word of mouth from one generation to the next, storybooks are essential for entertainment and education. Storybooks reiterate imaginary situations that invigorate the brains of children and so encourage children to reflect, think critically, about various life situations. Children form opinions and make emotional judgments, face ethical dilemmas, recognize the importance of certain social situations and bonds, and formulate their own social responsibility (Lai, 2011, 466). Lai (2011, 466) adds that children are often able to distinctly appreciate the importance of family life, make important decisions when facing ethical dilemmas, Pulimeno et al. (2020, 14) performed an experiment in order to investigate pedagogic, didactic, and psychological dimensions in children’s literature, with the objective of identifying its role in advancing students’ holistic progress and wellbeing. Researchers have found that 17 studies, conducted between 1960 and 2019, focused on the pedagogical features of children’s literature. (Pulimeno 2020, 15) From a pedagogical perspective, the values in fairy tales help children to make judgments about culturally fitting moral norms. For instance, in Cinderella , children developed an analytical savvy with which they were able to better reflect on the moral of the story which, in this context, included rebuking lying and not treating others in a wicked manner. Other studies Pulimeno conducted focused on the therapeutic and didactic dimensions of fairy tales (Pulimeno, 2011, 34). From a didactic perspective, studies that highlighted that storybooks are a helpful resource in order to enhance a student’s learning skills as well as to establish respectful classroom environments. Reading or listening to fairy tales like Snow White , or Hansel and Gretel , allowed students to learn new words practice pronunciation and so to better express themselves. Similarly, from a therapeutic point of view, researchers discovered that mental health professionals use fairy tales and storybooks to create healthy relationships among students (Pulimeno, 2011, 18). In Cinderella , for example, the stepmother’s actions warn children not to be cruel, while in the story of Red Riding Hood the appearance of the wolf warns children to not eat unhealthily. Grimm’s fairies allow children to scrutinize gender roles and friendships between men and women that are often presented in stereotypical ways. A study conducted in 2009, investigates the role of women in relation to men (Erum, 2009). Most of the fairy tales, including Snow White , Cinderella , Little Red Riding Hood , and Hansel and Gretel , present patriarchal worlds…. For example, Snow White and Sleeping Beauty are rescued from a deep sleep by a prince’s kiss and their relationship is described as true love. Moreover, Snow White, in her house with the seven dwarves, represents the perfect housewife. Erum writes that feminist movements such as the women’s liberation criticized the roles attributed to women in Grimm’s Fairy Tales fairy tales and therefore rewrote some of them. In their revisions, they highlighted masculine characters to female characters. Such revisions demonstrate how meanings are not fixed and can be altered easily just by changing the story line (Erum 2009). Presenting different versions to students, they learn how to distinguish the different social norms and understand what the reason for a certain change was. In a study conducted by Meland (2020, 241), gender stereotypes are challenged through the exploration of Norwegian ECEC. The story teaches students to perceive gender based on how The Princess and the Pea story changes. After conducting interviews with teachers, Meland (2020, 241) shows that teachers pay little to no attention to gender stereotypes in these fairy tales, which is due to their own prejudices regarding gender roles. To confirm the results of their study, the researchers referenced a Norwegian dance school and its rendition of The Princess and the Pea since it challenged preconceived notions about gender roles (Meland, 2020, 241). Instead wearing a dress and high-heeled shoes, the princess wears trousers and therefore appears overall less feminine. Her male counterpart, the king, instead wearing traditional clothes, wears pink shoes and therefore looks less masculine as well. Instead appreciating the elimination of the traditional gender roles, the teachers, complained that the costumes in that performance were not satisfactory or sufficient (Meland, 2020, 243). The teachers’ reaction to the play reaffirms that the stereotypes in Grimm’s fairy tales are still prevalent in society. And yet, if we want to change the way young learners think about gender, teachers need to scrutinize traditional gender stereotypes. All things considered; young people are immensely capable of critical thinking. As a result, teachers and parents should consider associating some aspects of fairy tales to everyday life in order to help children think more critically. Fairy tales are designed for children belonging to a particular age group. This is important because it helps children develop their analytical thinking. Since cognitive function starts early, learning about gender and the ways in which it affects literature will ultimately produce communities with less social imbalance. Rephrase, unclear Methodology After reading and discussing fairy tales, children are first encouraged to look at the plot, analyze the characters, and to pay close attention to differences in character’s perspectives and points of view. I will discuss with them and make them aware of values and morals expressed in the stories. Children are then asked to form opinions about certain characters, evaluate their behaviors and actions, suggest different endings to the plot, by for example, changing main events, and rewriting the plot. In a second step, the children will actively express and perform their opinions and feelings they may have formed in class through drawings, debates, role-plays, and puppet. Here they can, for example adapt gender roles and social norms. Processing their opinions creatively and actively is crucial in order to destabilize stereotypes and preconceptions and to form more original and individual opinions of the fairy tales. Tools To examine the definition of critical thinking, the study will assess several tasks that support judgments, choices, claims, or assertions. Students are required to provide logical arguments to test the thinking process they experience. In order to depict the students’ reasoning and inferences in a drawing, they are asked to make an inference with the help of “The Ladder of Inference.” Venn diagrams are used to compare characters. Moreover, students will do mind mapping, rewrite part of a story, and engage in role-playing. Additionally, students will discuss and share the outcomes in the classroom in addition to a puppet show or a short play. Participants This study is conducted in an elementary school in Nazareth, Israel. All 15 participants are ESL learners, are aged between 10 and 11 years old and come from similar socioeconomic backgrounds. All of the students started learning English at 3 rd grade and had only minimal previous knowledge about the fairy tales in this research. References Barathi, S. (2016). Gender Stereotypes in the selected Stories of Grimm’s Fairy Tales: An Analysis . Web. Bhattacharyya, K. (2020). Fables and Fairy Tales and Our Children of Modern Time . Web. Erum, T. (2009). The History of Gender Ideology in Brothers Grimm’s Fairy Tales. Pakistan Business Review . 11. 297-313. Florea, N. M., & Hurjui, E. (2015). Critical Thinking in Elementary School Children. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 180 , 565-572. Web. Grimm’s Fairy Stories . Brothers Grimm fairy stories. (n.d.). Web. Lai, E. R. (2011). Critical thinking: A literature review. New York: Pearson Education. Meland, A. T. (2020). Challenging gender stereotypes through a transformation of a fairy tale. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 28 (6), 911-922. Web. Nanda, S. (2014). The Portrayal of Women in the Fairy Tales. The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, 1 . Pulimeno, M., Piscitelli, P., & Colazzo, S. (2020). Children’s literature to promote students’ global development and wellbeing. Health promotion perspectives , 10 (1), 13–23. Web. Somar, D. (2014). Gender Roles in German Fairy Tales . Web. Zipes, J. (2012). A fairy tale is more than just a fairy tale. Book 2.0. 2. 113-120. Web. Zipes, J., Heitman, D., & Scanlan, L. W. (n.d.). How the Grimm Brothers Saved the Fairy Tale . The National Endowment for the Humanities. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/discussion-of-fairy-tales-aspects/	240
Discussion of Founders’ Questionable Ethics Essay Table of Contents 1. Siddhartha Gautama 2. Abraham 3. Moses 4. Yehoshua (Jesus) ben Nazareth 5. Muhammad Ibn Abdullah 6. Bibliography 7. Footnotes Siddhartha Gautama Before becoming the Buddha, Prince Siddhartha Gautama has already thought deeply about the world around him. Being gentle and kind with all people and even animals, he could not understand why people suffered and felt pain. He wanted to leave home in order to find answers to his questions. To stop his son from thinking about it, King Suddhodana arranged for Siddhartha to be married to Princess Yasodhara, his own cousin. 1 They had a son, Rahula, however, the family did not retain the prince from traveling to realize why all living creatures suffered and how to escape suffering. 2 That is why one night, he asked his attendant to prepare the horse and went to see his sleeping wife and a newborn son for the last time regardless of the deep love he felt towards them. In general, the righteousness of Siddhartha’s action is evaluated in different ways depending on an ethical theory. This, according to the theory of consequentialism, the absence of his engagement in his child’s development may be regarded as right because due to his leave, he became the Buddha and helped a lot of people. At the same time, deontological ethics characterize Siddhartha’s decision as morally wrong regardless of his contribution to human history in the future. As a matter of fact, children from one-parent families may experience a lack of emotional and physical security and behavioral problems that lead to poor academic performance, substance abuse, and juvenile delinquency. Thus, despite receiving good care as a member of a royal family, Rahula would be impacted by the absence of his father’s participation in his life. Abraham In Genesis 22, God tested Abraham’s obedience to Him asking to sacrifice Abraham’s only son, Isaac, on a mountain shown by God. The next morning, the man took his son and two servants and reached the place of worship. When Abraham made an altar, laid his son on it, and was ready to kill him with a knife, God stopped him and said “Do not do anything to him. Now I know that you fear God, because you have not withheld from me your son, your only son.” 3 Thus, the son was replaced by a ram that was sacrificed. God called Abraham for a second time and promised that he will be awarded with numerous descendants. In general, it is highly difficult to define the ethical feasibility of Abraham’s action as multiple contexts should be taken into consideration. In the present day, the decision of a man to kill his son due to God’s call would be defined as totally immoral, unethical, and even illegal. It violates basic human rights and the principles of humanity. In addition, the righteousness of belief in God who supports and asks for sacrificial offerings raises multiple concerns as well. At the same time, from religious and cultural perspectives, this deed may be understood and interpreted in another way. First of all, an attitude to children at the time of Abraham differed from a modern one, and child sacrifice to demonstrate sincerity and ask gods’ help was not extraordinary. In addition, according to Christianity, Abraham believed in his God’s kindness and knew that He would not take his son. In turn, this episode teaches followers to be obedient and trust the Lord relying on His mercy. Moses When Moses was on the mountain with God, Israelites asked Aaron to make gods for them. Aaron gathered women’s gold earrings and made an idol cast “in the shape of a calf, fashioning it with a tool.” 4 The next day, people organized a festival – they sacrificed burnt offerings, ate, drank, and indulged in revelry. When God saw what people did, He wanted to destroy all of them. Moses told Him not to bring disaster to people – he came down from the mountain, burned the idol, and asked people who would stand for the Lord with him. When all Levites approached, Moses commanded them to kill their brothers, friends, and neighbors. According to Christianity, Moses’ deed may be interpreted as ethical – people were punished for idolatry and disobedience. However, from a personal perspective and on the basis of modern principles of humanity, this action is completely unethical. Basic human rights for life and freedom of religion were violated. Although people were acting according to what was right in their eyes, one person could not have a moral right who should die according to his religious beliefs. Yehoshua (Jesus) ben Nazareth Yehoshua taught his disciples that nothing should distract them from worshipping God. According to him, “if your hand or your foot causes you to stumble, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to enter life maimed or crippled than to have two hands or two feet and be thrown into eternal fire.” 5 These words may be interpreted in a way that states that even highly essential things should not stand above faith. As a matter of fact, there are no clear evidence or historical records concerning Jesus’ directions related to the necessity of self-mutilation, even if later Christians used to practice self-flagellation and even self-castration. Nevertheless, anyone’s call of others for self-harm is highly unethical. These practices are associated with deep emotional and physical suffering and severe mental health issues. It is connected with anxiety, the body’s unacceptance, and deep guilt for seeming sins compensated by physical torture. In turn, people should follow ethical rules of beneficence and nonmaleficence in relation to themselves as well. Muhammad Ibn Abdullah In 627, after the Battle of the Confederates, Muhammad Ibn Abdullah besieged the Banu Qurayza Jews tribe of Yathrib/Madinah for their support for enemies and the breach of pact with the city’s defenders. In Quran, this event is described as “Allah brought down from their fortresses those People of the Book who had supported the invading confederates and cast such terror into their hearts that some of them you kill and some of them you take captive.” 6 Men were decapitated and the majority of women and children were enslaved. The righteousness of this action depends on concerns related to the moral value of revenge, punishment, and the death penalty. On the one hand, the tribe has betrayed their ally and should be responsible for this decision. On the other hand, it is unethical to punish women and children who did not make this decision. At the same time, on the basis of cultural and historical context, such a response cannot be regarded as unusual. From a personal perspective, the involvement of all tribe members was a violation of human rights. Bibliography Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc. Story of the Buddha Illustrated Textbook. Sydney: Buddha Dharma Education Association, 2000. Exodus 32. Bible Gateway . 2021. Web. Genesis 22. Bible Gateway . 2021. Web. Matthew 18. Bible Gateway . 2021. Web. Quran 33. Towards Understanding the Quran . 2021. Web. Footnotes 1. Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc., Story of the Buddha Illustrated Textbook (Sydney: Buddha Dharma Education Association, 2000), 13. 2. Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc., Story of the Buddha Illustrated Textbook (Sydney: Buddha Dharma Education Association, 2000), 21. 3. Genesis 22:12. 4. Exodus 32:4. 5. Matthew 18:8. 6. Quran 33:26.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/discussion-of-founders-questionable-ethics/	241
Discussion of Front Load Washer Essay Introduction A front-load machine usually refers to an appliance whereby the user will be loading clothes using an opening found at the front side of the washer. The devices have a distinct detergent drawer whereby an individual places the powder to use in washing. One of its benefits is that it is more energy-efficient than other laundry machines such as top loaders. They save on time used for drying because water drains out of the clothes more effectively. In addition, it is environment-friendly since they require fewer detergents, which means fewer chemicals will be released to the groundwater and soil. Its tumbling movement uses less power from the dryer and the washer, reducing the greenhouse effect in households. Furthermore, this washer has a large drum that lacks a central axis, which means there is typically more space for laundry so that one can fit large loads into each cycle. Furthermore, the washing machine’s whirling motion depends on the gravitational pull to toss the garments over one another within the washer drum, making it rotate faster (Majewski & Ahearn, 2019). This creates increased friction among the items, resulting in a higher cleaning performance using less water. Another benefit is that the washers can be stacked on the drying machine, saving space in the utility room. This factor makes them ideal for smaller homes and apartments and makes it easier to unload and load. The machine uses paddles on the side of the drum and does not have an agitator meaning that they are generally gentle on the loads. The purpose of instruction and procedure is to enlighten my target audience, both small-scale and large-scale households, of using a front load washing machine, which is a huge time saver. An individual can load the items on the device, begin the cycle, and walk away, so there is no need to sit and monitor the washing process. A user must read the labels since following the listed garments guidelines will increase the machine’s service life. They should never overload the dryer as this may cause a breakdown to the device, and they should sort the clothes by material color, type, and water temperature. Parts of a Front Load Washer One of the parts of a washer is a water inlet control valve. It is located close to the water inlet point, and it closes and opens automatically when clothes are loaded based on the quantities of water needed. Secondly, a water pump is applied to discharge water in the spin cycle and flow through the wash cycle. The third part is the paddles which are structured to move the fabric during the wash to allow the detergent to function, helping the loads to rub together while washing to remove soiling and dirt particles from the clothes. The heating system boils water up inside the machine to the required temperature. Furthermore, the printed circuit board contains all the electrical appliances that operate the washing machine. It can be automated, serving as the artificial intelligence for the washer, and at times determining the time required for rinsing. After cleaning, all the dirty water is expelled from the machine through a discharge pipe. Working Definition The front-load washing machine functions by filling the base of the inner tube with little water and using gravity and rotation of the tub to pass the clothes through the water. The side agitator inside the drum lifts the garments and moves them forward and backward in the water. This gives the cleansing effect required to get rid of dirt from clothes effectively when the cleaning process begins. Required Steps Step 1: The user should follow the guidelines on the detergent bottle; for dirtier clothes, they should use more washing powder. Step 2: It involves placing the dirty clothes into the washer’s drum, ensuring that there is enough space left for the load to move around the wash. If the user’s palm fits between the machine and the fabric, it implies that the device has been loaded correctly. Step 3: This step entails adding a fabric conditioner to the dispensing drawer, and this should be made with caution not to fill past the top line; otherwise, it may not dispense at all. Step 4: This stage entails setting the optimum temperature based upon the labels of fabric care on the clothes. In the case of multiple temperatures, one should choose the lowest one. Step 5: This phase involves choosing the correct spin cycle; the durable clothes work better with faster cycles, while delicate require a slower one. Step 6: This step involves closing the door and pressing to unload the clean laundry immediately for maximum freshness, more preferably at least within two hours of the cycle’s end. Washing Machine Settings It is essential to choose the correct settings in the instrument panel for the washing machines because the settings selected may influence the lifespan and color of the clothes. Hot water may give cleaner clothes even though it can cause fibers of the clothes to shrink and colors to bleed. Typically, the user should countercheck the tags on clothing for each item to know its right settings for washing. Some specify their specific temperature settings, while others are recommended to be hand washed. Normal cycles are mostly preferred for sheets, cotton, and linens. The delicate setting is for light clothing like those written handwash only and silks. Darks is recommended for bright or dull colors in a casual fabric and is mainly designed for dyed items that may bleed. Moreover, heavy-duty is used for large loads of colorfast clothes, sturdy and heavily soiled items, and can be used for blankets, rugs, heavy bedding, and comforters. Super speed is meant for small loads of lightly soiled garments that need to be washed quickly. Lastly, the water is expelled in the spin cycle, allowing the garments to spin off excess water. Using the Washer The operator should pile clothes high up, making sure not to cram them beyond the last row of holes at the front while loading. Several steps should be followed while unloading the washer safely. One should use a stool to reach into the washing machine and a folded carpet to protect the knees. This is followed by lifting the basket with a good form, using the hands to support, then lastly, turning the feet in the direction of the body. Below is a guide on how to put softener and detergents. The user should begin by placing the laundry into the machine without exceeding the inner-tub level, pouring recommended amount of washing powder in the dispenser, and pushing the start button. This makes water flow into the dispenser, releasing the detergents into the tub; afterward, this is followed by adding a suitable softener without surpassing the maximum fill line. The water will automatically flow into the dispenser during the final rinsing cycle, sending the softener into the tub. Applying the proper cycle for spinning and washing will aid clean the clothes and keep them looking their best. Maintaining the Front Load washer One of the tips for maintaining washers is to apply the recommended washing powder and the minimum amount suggested. The users must consciously scrutinize stickers since some of the regular detergents give much more suds with time, can create a film in the hoses that become a breeding ground for molds. The finished loads should be removed immediately because they provide an ideal breeding condition for mildew and musty smells when left to remain in the machine. When not in use, the washer door should remain ajar to improve air circulation within the device. Safety Measures and Precautions The laundry products should be kept in their original containers with their labels and closed tightly when not in use. Care should be taken not to mix household cleaners since some chemical mixtures release dangerous fumes. Children and customers should never be allowed to hang on the doors of washers because this can make them tip over. The laundry chutes should be made more than thirty-six inches off the floor. Finally, it is always good to read and follow each product label instruction, understand where the safety information is located on the label, and take steps in case of injuries. Troubleshooting Common problems with washing machines range from using excessive soaps to water covering the floor. Some may require contracting a professional to diagnose, while others are easy fixes. The first thing to check is if the machine is getting adequate power using a multimeter to examine the outlet voltage. When you realize that there is no electricity flowing into the washer, an individual is required to confirm the household electrical panel to inspect if the circuit breakers have been tripped. Secondly, when the motor is overheated, the washing machine will shut down to cool before starting it. The lid must permanently be shut for the switch to activate and check if the button is positioned correctly and in good repair. Reference Majewski, T., & Ahearn, G. A. (2019). Extended Model of Automatic Balancer for Washing Machine. In IFToMM World Congress on Mechanism and Machine Science (pp. 3197-3206). Springer.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/discussion-of-front-load-washer/	242
Discussion of Internet of Things Research Paper Now humanity lives in an age of rapid information and technological progress; many technologies are being imported into every person’s daily life. Information technologies, in particular the Internet, permeate the environment of every person and become almost invisible. One of the relatively new concepts is the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT defines as a network of physical objects with built-in technologies that allow interacting with the external environment, transmitting information about their state and receiving data from the outside. Internet of Things implies connecting devices into a chain and allowing them to collect and analyze information. It involves processing and transmitting data to other objects through software, applications or technical devices. IoT devices function independently without requiring human-to-computer interaction. Nonetheless, people can customize such devices or provide access to data. IoT systems operate in real-time and usually consist of some “smart” devices and cloud platforms. Devices are connected to the cloud via WiFi, Bluetooth, or other means of communication. IoT may not be visible, but it is essential in everyday life and is integrated into many areas of human activity. The use of IoT is not limited by anything: the technology is used in smart homes and cars, in healthcare, in farming and the agricultural sector. Thus, air conditioning systems, video surveillance, pacemakers, animal biochips or monitoring systems in the fields are examples of a “thing”. IoT aims to optimize, increase efficiency, collect the necessary data in real-time for subsequent analysis to achieve specific improvements. These technologies make life easier, automate and speed up processes, and reduce the need for human interaction. However, IoT has some security and privacy challenges, and smart devices are often vulnerable. Such devices collect a lot of personal information from users, such as ages and names, addresses and phone numbers. Some of them contain data from social networks of users. Smart devices such as smartwatches or bracelets often have the ability to make payments, hence containing payment data of people. All this information is confidential and must be protected; however, IoT devices are often hacked, and private information is at risk of being stolen.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/discussion-of-internet-of-things/	243
Discussion of Racial and Ethnic Inequality Essay Introduction Racism is a belief in certain human beings who possess or have different behavioral characteristics that correspond to inherited attributes. Racial inequalities have also manifested in most American societies through the racial differences in the health sector, bankruptcy, police brutality, housing privileges, unemployment rates, and incarceration rates (Barkan, 2017). Therefore, this research paper will look at racial and ethnic inequality and healthcare as a social problem. Summary of the Article In the news article titled “A history of race and racism in America,” racial inequality is regarded as a form of American tradition as black people earn close to less than 23% compared to their fellow American counterparts. The black people in America also have a higher probability of getting incarcerated on a specific day. During early 1991, several black people were under the correction system’s jurisdiction compared to colleges, universities, and other learning institutions (Kendi, 2017). However, over recent years, there has been an increase in social progress and economic barometers. Nevertheless, the country still has a lot of work to do and implement policies to give black people equal rights. The black people also firmly believe that someday they will have equal rights just like their American counterparts (Kendi, 2017). In addition, most Americans tend to think that being white is a privilege in society. At the same time, close to half of the population in America says that being black or Hispanic influences one’s ability to get ahead. Analysis of the Article Concerning Health Care as a Social Problem Race is among the four social concepts that refer to inherited features and characteristics such as skin color, facial features, and structure. In the US, it is pretty more straightforward for one to notice that people differ physically as some people tend to have dark skin. In contrast, others have white skin and this in some cases leads to discrimination or racial inequality (Valdez & Golash-Boza, 2017). Ethnicity is another form of social concept; it is regarded as one of the most complex forms of a social construct as it plays a vital role in impacting personal identity and how people relate socially. Prejudice and stereotypes are another form of a social concept or construct as it entails a negative attitude, what someone feels, or what one believes. An illustration of this is how some individuals, especially in the healthcare environment, think that black Americans are inferior and do not deserve premium healthcare services. Most black Americans have poor health care outcomes compared to whites, Asians, and even Hispanics. For example, black women are close to 3% times more likely to die due to maternal issues than white women. In addition, the infant mortality rate among black women per 1000 births is a higher number than that of the US, which is 5.8 (Barkan, 2017). However, the vent may vary from one state to another. Nonetheless, social stratification is also a social construct that plays a crucial role in ranking people and classifying them in society. It also brings several universal inequalities as it advocates for unequal distribution of resources, promoting discrimination and racial and ethnic disparities. Conclusion In addition, black women also have a higher probability of being overweight than white Americans. Nonetheless, in most American hospitals, black people do not receive premium and optimum care compared to white people (Friesen & Blease, 2018). Kendi (2017) argues that the whites have a high probability of getting services. Thus, the African American individuals are not likely to gain access to potentially life-saving cardiac procedures, mainly because of their skin color. In conclusion, racial and ethnic inequalities over the past years were an American dilemma as there were no appropriate policies and regulations for curbing this challenge. However, after the 1960 demonstrations and riots, the discrimination against black Americans became a topic of discussion. Moreover, it is clear that racial and ethnic inequalities are depicted through police brutality, income, education, and health statistics. Although in the recent years there has been an increase in diversity and social progress. References Barkan, S. E. (2017). Social problems: Continuity and change . University of Minnesota Press. Friesen, P., & Blease, C. (2018). Placebo effects and racial and ethnic health disparities: An unjust and underexplored connection. Journal of Medical Ethics , 44 (11), 774-781. Web. Kendi, I. X. (2017). A history of race and racism in America, in 24 chapters. New York Times . Web. Valdez, Z., & Golash-Boza, T. (2017). US racial and ethnic relations in the twenty-first century. Ethnic and Racial Studies , 40 (13), 2181-2209. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/discussion-of-racial-and-ethnic-inequality/	244
Discussion of Swimmer Lia Thomas Essay Swimmer Lia Thomas attended the University of Pennsylvania as a student. In 2021, the media focused on her successes in sports as a trans woman. Lia Thomas, a first-time competitor in the women’s division, had a strong showing. Early in December, she had her greatest college results of the year in Ohio, when she competed in the two hundred and five hundred meter sprints. After Lia Thomas’ successes at university swimming pools, she was criticized following the fact that she was born a male, which gave him an advantage. Some people argued that because Thomas was taking testosterone therapy, he had an unfair advantage over other athletes. Describing her victory to be unfair was completely wrong following the fact that trans genders are always allowed to compete by themselves. Various suggestions have been put up, including the creation of a transsexual division in the NCAA if trans individuals have such an unfair edge. Men compete with men, women compete with women, and transsexuals compete against one another. Thomas’s success in the past seasons is a testament to his hard work and dedication. He has shown that transgender athletes can also be as successful as anyone else and should be respected for their achievements. However, the fact is that Thomas has been subject to all the same testing and regulations as any other athlete. He was not allowed to take more testosterone than any other male athlete, and his testosterone levels are closely monitored by officials. A year-long course of testosterone-suppressing therapy was prescribed following NCAA guidelines for the swimmer’s recovery. These restrictions have been deemed inadequate by the Women’s Sports Policy Task Force, for example, in the case of athletes who begin their transitioning after puberty.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/discussion-of-swimmer-lia-thomas/	245
Discussion on Culture and News Essay In the modern world, news stations and physical news media such as newspapers are often disregarded, with many people turning to social media as a more reliable source of current events. Although most people still get their news from the more old-fashioned sources, 48% of Americans are cited to obtain their news from social media (Walker & Matsa, 2021). The media most used as a news source, according to the same survey, is Facebook, followed by YouTube, Twitter, and Instagram (Walker & Matsa, 2021). Overall, there is a general distrust in the population towards the mainstream news sources such as CNN, NBC, and FOX. Approximately 65% of Americans believe that they are being “misled” by “journalists and reporters” who report “false or gross exaggerations” (Meek, 2021). Therefore, there is no surprise that people are turning to alternative sources to obtain information on current events. However, there are issues that are associated with such patterns, which lie in the anonymity and speed of spread of news online. There is no avoidance of a certain level of bias with any sort of news reporting, and the alternative news media are not exempt from this rule. Furthermore, there is often a lack of consequences associated with the news reporting through social media, which can be even more harmful than the potentially misleading mainstream news. Response to the Peer Post In your post, you talked about the pros and cons of lobbyists as a tool for special interest groups. The latter have a significant impact on decision makers and voters, contributing information and advertising their position (Wolton, 2019). Therefore, it is vital to make use of the tools available to maximize the positive effect. I agree with your point that lobbyists “provide an elegant avenue” for groups and “help influence new proposals.” Furthermore, they do have a risk of creating bias, as you have stated. It is a complex topic and your answer provides an extensive analysis of it. References Walker, M. & Matsa, K. E. (2021). News consumption across social media in 2021 . Pew Research Center. Web. Meek, A. (2021). Fewer Americans than ever before trust the mainstream media. Forbes. Web. Wolton, S. (2019). Lobbying, inside and out: How special interest groups influence policy choices.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/discussion-on-culture-and-news/	246
Discussion: Religion and Worldview Essay Table of Contents 1. Faith Improves the Quality of Life 2. Problem Solving 3. Influence on Thinking 4. References Faith Improves the Quality of Life As a result of completing the course, I came to the conclusion that faith improves the quality of life. This quote was not chosen by chance since I noted a direct correlation in practice. In order to more accurately explain this choice, it is necessary to define what is meant by the term faith. The bottom line is that it is not so much about God or a specific denomination but about inspiration and motivation consumed from a worldview with an awareness of higher powers. It is believed that people with religious views have more developed empathy, but analytical thinking is suppressed. In fact, this is not entirely correct because there is a dependence on the priorities being set (Dockery & Wax, 2019). For example, adherence to certain vectors set by religion helps an individual to be not only a respectable person but also to maximize the effectiveness of achieving certain goals. In addition, the researchers argue that religion and science should not always be viewed as opposing forces. Many great scientists believed in God or other higher powers in one way or another, including 90% of the 21st-century Nobel laureates (Dockery & Wax, 2019, p.54). A fruitful combination of these two ways of thinking can mutually enrich them; religious feeling does not always conflict with science. Under the right circumstances, it can positively influence scientific activity by creating and developing intuition. The thinking of a religious person is formed and built on the basis of fundamental, absolute concepts, which he does not question in any way. After perception and comprehension, sensory perception is transformed into scientific enlightenment. Later, after a while, as other evidence is approved, that very knowledge about the object of belief is confirmed, and faith, an idea about this object, is even more strengthened. Then this knowledge begins to affect the mind of a person and the actions he performs. Based on the foregoing, I can confidently conclude that religion improves the overall quality of life since it helps an individual to remain both an effective worker or family member and a citizen of justice. Problem Solving It is necessary to single out religion as one of the auxiliary tools for effectively solving problems. Belief in moralistic, punitive gods interested in human affairs may have facilitated the spread and development of human societies, according to the study’s authors, published in the latest issue of the journal Nature. In this study, researchers test the hypothesis that belief in God promotes cooperation, trust and justice, thus contributing to the social expansion of the group. However, it cannot be argued that nature is a monopolist in the market for means to maintain a good mood, and faith does not positively affect a person’s emotional state. Thoughts of God can make believers less frustrated and less stressed in their daily lives, as well as gazing at beautiful landscapes every day, according to a new study by the American Psychological Association, published in the journal Psychological Science. Experimental studies have shown that when people think about religion and God, their brains work differently, allowing them to respond more easily to failure. First, the study participants were asked to write down their reflections on the topic of religion and then – to perform a very difficult test: the level of the tasks was so high that all the subjects, without exception, made mistakes. The results showed that believers who thought about religion and God before completing the assignment had decreased brain activity in the areas of the anterior cingulate cortex, which is responsible, among other things, for behavior and preparedness for unforeseen situations and mistakes. Atheists reacted differently: if they were previously given tasks related to God and religion, then in the field of ACC, activity increased. Researchers suggest that any life changes can be natural and explainable for believers by faith and religion, so their stressful emotions from failure are much less (Wheeler, 2020). On the contrary, for atheists, thoughts about God can contradict their perception of the world and their ideas of life, which leads to more nervousness and anxiety when they make mistakes. The researchers believe that these results may help to understand other interesting but controversial information about religious people. For example, there is some evidence that believers live longer, and are happier and healthier (Wheeler, 2020). Scientists, however, urge atheists not to despair, believing that such patterns can be associated precisely with a system that helps to understand the structure of life and individuals’ world (Wheeler, 2020). Perhaps atheists would be just as effective in dealing with stressful situations if they had previously thought about their own beliefs and beliefs. Speaking directly about my own experience, religion has allowed me to cope with three problems that have appeared in front of me over the past eight weeks. Firstly, this is the problem of procrastination, namely the lack of desire to do anything. However, one of the prescriptions of the religious worldview condemns laziness and unemployment, advising us to work harder, harder and in a timely manner to achieve results. Referencing this rule helped me deal with the problem, but a new situation arose. I was faced with a choice when I found my lost wallet on the street. This was a moral choice problem, as it is difficult to make a decision with such temptation. However, it was precise because of the motives of denouncing greed and encouraging honesty that justice triumphed. Finally, with the third problem, I can single out a number of situations in which I felt lost, not knowing what to do. Each time, turning to the spiritual side of life contributed to a successful way out of such a situation, which not only made life easier but also reduced the time wasted. Influence on Thinking The closest theory to me for the emergence of religion is the theory that religion was developed as an attempt to explain the incomprehensible, as well as set goals for humanity. This theory is useful for me because it shapes my worldview and thinking, in which the place of faith is in help, support and direction. This was also facilitated by the course I took, which contributed to a deeper understanding of the religious issue. For example, thanks to the explanation of each theory, as well as the identification of the subtleties of the relationship between faith and the thinking of the individual, I understood the benefits and necessity of religion as an element of life. If I give a specific example, then I need faith not in order to feel more confident or calmer but in order to find a way out of a difficult situation. Thus, in my worldview, religion has the position of a vector and a guide that saves me from temptations or fatal mistakes. References Dockery, D. S. and Wax, T. (2019). Christian worldview handbook . B&H Publishing Group. Wheeler, T. (2020). Transformed thinking: A defense of the Christian worldview, King James version . Emerald House Group, Incorporated.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/discussion-religion-and-worldview/	247
Diversicare Healthcare Services Inc.’s Obstacles Essay Organizational culture is an organization’s unique characteristics that set it apart from others in the industry. It manifests itself in values and norms, work ethics, employees’ awareness of themselves and their place in the organization, communications, and human relationships within the team and patients. The development of organizational culture requires the definition of the main overall goal of the organization – the mission, as well as the choice of a strategy for the implementation of this mission. According to Diversicare Healthcare Services (2021), their mission is to improve every life we touch by providing exceptional healthcare and exceeding expectations. To achieve its goals, the organization offers a wide range of high-quality and cost-effective services, improves the composition of qualified personnel in medical centers, and implements cluster activities on a regional basis. Organizational culture can both facilitate and hinder the implementation of strategic objectives. Correct understanding and use by employees of the organization of goals, values, and models of behavior within the boundaries of the existing organizational culture makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of using the internal resources of a medical organization and minimize costs. Harrison (2020) notes that organizational culture can be effectively used as a management tool with a good knowledge of its capabilities and characteristics. Thus, based on Diversicare’s mission, its strategic priorities are to increase the number of consumers to improve their quality of life, develop services in the country and abroad, and optimize the operational efficiency of services. Strategic initiatives are intertwined with operational ones during an organization’s activities, forming a complex management system. There are several templates for organizational strategies, and a company may use one of them or combine several mentioned in figure 19.6 (Hillestad and Berkowitz, 2018). For instance, strategic initiatives are usually necessary to ensure an organization’s long-term performance in a competitive environment. In turn, operational activities provide a process for implementing short-term plans and boil down to making decisions in the specific conditions prevailing at the moment. Moreover, these two initiatives have different goals: the operational one maintains the current position and stability, and the strategic management is for development and change. Thus, strategic management, in contrast to an operational one, is designed to ensure the survival of the organization and the achievement of its goals in the long term. The primary initial resource for the success of strategic initiatives is the staff of the medical organization. The organization’s personnel create organizational competencies and functional characteristics and forms value attitudes. Harrison (2020) affirms that only persons can initiate ideas in an organization, regardless of who they are, an ordinary employee or the organization’s head. According to Diversicare Healthcare Services (2021), the organization should have competent people in the corresponding positions, allowing for consistent structures. Thus, the values of an organization are directly dependent on its structure. There are a lot of opportunities for Diversicare Healthcare Services Inc. These include population growth and a potential increase in clients, lower interest and tax rates, and improved quality of education, leading to a possible increase in the number of skilled labor. Diversicare Healthcare Services (2021) notes an increase in demand for elderly care services, which can also be singled out as an opportunity. Moreover, Diversicare can expand its activities to other countries, entering their markets. It is essential to constantly analyze the external environment with its inherent legislative, cultural, social, economic, and technological trends to see these opportunities and changes in the process. Despite significant opportunities for Diversicare, the company faces potential obstacles. According to Diversicare Healthcare Services (2021), these include the inability to fund the vision and strategically manage their finances, the loss of skilled and experienced staff and committee members, the loss of government contracts, changes in funding mechanisms, takeover by a larger organization, and growing needs and consumer expectations. Moreover, one of them is the growing competition from national and international organizations, which can lead to a loss of market share, consumers, and a decrease in income. To overcome these obstacles for an organization, it is crucial to think strategically across the board. These strategic initiatives include developing, implementing, and overseeing a strategic financial plan, developing a succession plan for the management committee and senior managers, updating recruitment and retention strategies, regularly reviewing the quality plan, and meeting or exceeding all contractual obligations. Furthermore, understanding and tracking the big picture of the care industry, competitive forces, and emerging opportunities, ideas, and initiatives will align with strategic goals and operations. References Diversicare Healthcare Services (2021). Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 [PDF document]. Web. Harrison, J. P. (2020). Essentials of strategic planning in healthcare (3 rd ed.). Health Administration Press. Hillestad, S. G. & Berkowitz, E. N. (2018). Health care market strategy: From planning to action. Jones & Bartlett Learning.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/diversicare-healthcare-services-incs-obstacles/	248
Diversicare Healthcare’s Financial Management Essay A strategic initiative in a business organization is a comprehensive plan that links up the companies’ objectives and its future goals and visions. Based on the results and outcomes from the SWOT analysis we conducted, as a measure to assess the establishment’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, my team came up with a tremendous life-changing initiative to upgrade the financial management of the DIVERSICARE HEALTHCARE organization. Referring to the financial statements we looked into, one of them being the organization’s income statement, it is discovered that the business was not on a sound financial footing and hence required critical and quick changes to rescue it from potential financial crises. Some of the changes agreed upon for the organization’s financial betterments were that the organization would look into ways of reducing operational costs as lowest as possible to increase its gross profit. Reduction of these costs will create room to reduce expenses on the business, and hence with fewer expenses, the revenue increases; therefore, the organization will increase profit. For the coming financial years, an increase in sales revenue was also suggested by strategizing on the best possible ways to bring revenue in. The revenue would be increased by reducing the overall labor costs for the business, reducing the insurance premiums, and finally reducing the organization’s utilities to maximize incomes and save on expenses (Fischer et al., 2018). All these changes set aside had the same outcomes, and that was that it would have maximized and stabilized the business’s financial standing by increasing its revenue and hence a high business growth rate. The budget figure below illustrates the proposed comprehensive plan and a simple budget to accomplish all changes and obligations after the financial management was revised and improved. 1. Income Amount in $ Revenue (salaries) $10000 Extra benefits $5000 Total income $15000 2. expenses Amount Equipment $1500 Training and education $5000 Space $1000 Staffing $500 Carriage inwards costs $500 Total expenses $8500 3. Balance Amount Total income minus total expenses. $6,500 In this simple illustration of our budget, there will be a profit of $6500 in that financial year if all strategies are followed. A budge of recent and previous financial statements was examined and tested to convey and understand the organization and the financial standing or performance of the business. Key financial statements of the organization were looked into and reviewed to try and get a clear glimpse of the current financial existing data. Many families use many financial statements such as balance sheets and income statements compared to annual accounts(Fernandez et al., 2018). Analysis of this balance sheet can provide several different reviews to the analysts. Some analysts consider the firm’s equity to be from the deduction of the liabilities from the assets, while others look into the firm’s entire capital. The income statement accesses the income a business earns and the cost of the expenses involved in its operational activities within the company. Management of income by examining income statements reduces the taxable income content, and therefore firms defer information by managing accounting income (Hamedian et al.2016). It also shows with clarity all direct and indirect expenses a company incurs. For example, in the profit and loss account, total sales were $100000 while the expenditures totaled $ 115000 hence giving a noticeable loss of &15000 in the data we examined during the research. In conclusion, all three financial statements co-relate and work together to provide an overview and information about the business’s financial standing. Hence, the analysts should consider reviewing current data to make a sound decision and financial planning on any strategic initiative. References Fischer, D., & Roberts, L. B. (2018). Strategic thinking and planning . Rowman & Littlefield. Fernandez, P., Fernnndez Accn, I., & Ortiz Pizarro, A. (2018). Meaning of the P&L and the balance sheet: Madera Inc. SSRN Electronic Journal . Web. Hamedian, H., Rahdarian, A., & Kavyani, M. (2016). Taxable income management and information content of income. International Journal of Information Quality , 4 (2), 83. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/diversicare-healthcares-financial-management/	249
Diversity in American Society Essay America is a large continent, where today, a huge number of different nationalities and representatives of different races, genders, orientations, and ethnic groups live. Thus, diversity is an essential part of American society as it plays a vital role in the relationship between people and influences their interaction. I had plenty of encounters with individuals who reflect diversity in my everyday life. That has impacted me as a personality and contributed to the values and views towards discrimination that I have today. I remember that when I started to go to school, my family and I moved to a district where the prevailing party of our neighbors was black people. A lot of my classmates also were Afro-Americans, which at the first time was surprising for me as a child that had never been in a group of people that at first glance are so different from me. However, already at that moment, I felt that it was the only difference in our appearance. After a while, I met so many interesting and kind people from different backgrounds. That experience taught me that an individual’s personality does not depend on the color of their skin, ethnic background, or nationality. I am grateful for the fact that I realized it in the early stages of my life. As a person who is against discrimination, it is a pity to see how people might remove themselves from people from minority groups just because of their skin color, ethnicity, or other characteristics that are different from those people. I see such behavior as quite unfair, and I suppose that people who are imposing discrimination in today’s society should be more open-minded and educate themselves on the topic of diversity and equality.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/diversity-in-american-society/	250
Diversity in School: Diversity In Organizations Essay Diversity is one issue that has been observed in several institutions in the world. People from different walks of life are united through religion, education, entertainment, and living together. When people embrace their differences, existing peacefully becomes a result (Bell, 2021). However, when people cannot harmonize their differences and coexist, chaos becomes the character of existence. Education is one of the significant aspects that bring people from diverse backgrounds together. Some researchers have identified diversity to affect students’ performance in their studies. The diversity of the students comes in terms of ethnic, racial, gender, and age distribution. This paper seeks to research the impact of the above factors on performance in my school. Age and gender cause a difference in performance in my school. According to the research, the composition of females and males in the school is15000 and 13500 respectively. This means that the number of females admitted to my school is slightly higher than males accepted each year. According to my research, 9% of females graduated with distinction while 15% of males graduated with distinction. This finding indicates a performance difference between males and females that other factors may cause. Another research done from the different learning institutions show that males perform averagely better than females, though there is a slight difference in performance (Bush et al., 2017). Most of the students in my college are 17 to 24 years of age. From the research findings, age does not have a significant influence on performance. However, the findings also indicated that some students who enter college at an advanced age are likely to take academic work seriously more than the younger ones. Moreover, racial and ethnic diversity may also influence students’ performance in my school. The racial composition of students in the school is; 70% white, 25% African American and 5% others. The students’ performance at graduation is not affected by their races as there is no statistical evidence of a particular race performing better than others. However, most African American excels in their college education compared to the other races. Another research indicates that few African Americans graduate from high school to college, but the few get good performance (Roksa et al., 2016). According to the study, the ethnic groups were well distributed and had no significant difference in academic performance. While doing the investigations, I have noticed that students above 25 years of age were 10%. I expected that almost all the students were within the age bracket of 17 to 24 years of age. Surprisingly the students above 25 years were doing well in their academic performance. This was evident because almost everyone graduated with at least credit in their studies. According to other research, older students are expected to perform lower than the younger ones because of their reduced concentration span due to the commitments (Chen, 2017). However, according to my research, this is not the case; older students have shown more commitment to their academic work than younger students. In conclusion, diversity is a norm in every setting and has little to do with students’ performance. What makes the difference in their performance is more than the mere fact that they are old, African American, or female. Other factors come in to cause these differences. These other factors may be issues like environment, motivation, and finances. People should learn to harmonize their diversity and exist together. References Bell, M. P. (2021). Diversity In Organizations. Cengage Learning. Bush, A. A., McLaughlin, J. E., & White, C. (2017). A Review of Contemporary Diversity Literature in Pharmacy Education. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education , 81 (7). Web. Chen, J. C. (2017). Nontraditional Adult Learners. SAGE Open , 7 (1), 215824401769716. Web. Roksa, J., Trolian, T. L., Pascarella, E. T., Kilgo, C. A., Blaich, C., & Wise, K. S. (2016). Racial Inequality in Critical Thinking Skills: The Role of Academic and Diversity Experiences. Research in Higher Education , 58 (2), 119–140. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/diversity-in-school-diversity-in-organizations/	251
DNA Sequencing with Polymerase Chain Reaction Essay (Critical Writing) There is sufficient reason to think that the two-nucleotide code evolved to form the current triplet genetic code. With this in mind, one can conclude that the number of amino acids was slightly less than the current 20 because the two nucleotide codes could constitute only 16 amino acids. Sixteen possible combinations of the four nucleotide bases of the DNA would give rise to the 16 amino acids. Therefore, it posits that the ancient primitive proteins constituted fewer amino acids encoded by the two-nucleotide code. Furthermore, deletion or insertion mutation experiments of one or two nucleotides into a gene formed no protein (Frank & Froese, 2018). However, the reading frame of the mRNA got restored once a third nucleotide was deleted or inserted. Nonetheless, the current triplet genetic code entails 64 codons encoding for the twenty amino acids. The genetic code is termed degenerate, where a single amino acid can specify more than one codon. Each codon specifies a single amino acid, while the amino acids can have more than two codons. For instance, tryptophan and methionine have a single codon each except for UGA, UAG, and UAA termination codons. Isoleucine has three codons, valine, threonine, and glycine, proline, and alanine have four codons. Arginine, serine, and leucine have six codons, and the remaining nine amino acids have two codons (Frank & Froese, 2018). The genetic code’s degeneracy feature helps prove that in ancient times, there was a two-nucleotide code that translated into the 16 amino acids in primitive proteins. The first two bases of each codon have greater specificity than the third. The connection between the mRNA and tRNA anticodon of the first two bases is often stronger. The third base loosely pairs with its corresponding anticodon base. The DNA sample with a G + C content of 70 percent will require more temperature than the G + C content of 45 percent to separate its strands. The DNA double helix stability that constitutes two complementary polynucleotide chains that interact via the hydrogen bonds depends on several factors. They include the length of the chains, sequence, base composition, and the presence of mismatches. A factor like alterations in temperature can further perturb this stability. A DNA sample with higher G + C content is more stable than the one with a low G + C content, as the G + C base pairs are more strongly bonded together (Piovesan et al., 2019). This increased stability raises its thermal melting temperature; thus, to reach such temperatures, more heat energy will be required during the denaturation process of separating the strands. This explains the high melting point of a high G + C content DNA. When conducting polymerase chain reactions, the denaturation temperatures in the separation of DNA double strands are set at 94-95 0 C. The denaturation temperatures will be at their maximum peak for the DNA samples with a higher G + C content composition to enable faster strand separation. The set time between 0.5 to 2.0 minutes will also last to its maximum limits for the high G + C content DNA (Piovesan et al., 2019). These instances are attributed to the stability of the DNA due to the high G + C content base pairing hydrogen bonds. The high stability raises the melting temperatures of the high G + C content DNA that imminently requires higher temperatures for denaturation of the bonds and a long time to achieve the process effectively. Therefore, factors such as a high G + C content composition and longer polynucleotide chains require higher denaturation temperatures when compared to the low G + C content DNA samples. References Frank, A., & Froese, T. (2018). The standard genetic code can evolve from a two-letter GC code without information loss or costly reassignments. Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres, 48 (2), 256-272. Web. Piovesan, A., Pelleri, M. C., Antonaros, F., Strippoli, P., Caracausi, M., & Vitale, L. (2019). On the length, weight, and GC content of the human genome. BMC Research notes , 2 (1), 1-7. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/dna-sequencing-with-polymerase-chain-reaction/	252
Does Democracy Require Equality of Income or Wealth? Essay As economic concepts, the notions of income and wealth are not to be conflated. While income is used to denote a sum of money received regularly within a specific period, wealth means net worth (Fuller et al., 2020). From a democratic perspective, social equality requires equal distribution of capital, which leads to the question of whether economic equality should be defined by the equality of income or that wealth. Since equality suggests equal chances to exert power within society, the level of wealth appears to be the primary factor, defining wealth to a significant extent, the income also plays a major role in building democracy. When viewing democracy as the opportunity for all citizens to participate in shaping state policies and gaining political influence, one could connect wealth to democracy. Indeed, given the fact that wealth as a long-term asset defines the extent of one’s political influence within a community, equal distribution of wealth implies the promotion of democracy (Mijs, 2021). However, one could argue that building equal wealth is impossible without equal income. Namely, as long as income inequality remains an issue, poverty and, thus, drastic wealth inequality will remain a social concern (Le et al., 2019). Therefore, it could be argued that democracy requires equality of wealth, which, in turn, is based on the equality of income. While wealth equality as the presence of equivalent opportunities to exert political power appears to be the essential factor in establishing democracy, income equality as the opportunity to build wealth is also a factor. Therefore, though wealth equality seems to be the crucial factor in creating an egalitarian community, both concepts play a notably large role in promoting the principles of democracy within a community. Consequently, both income equality as a short-term chance at acquiring power and wealth equality as a long-term option for retaining it must be regulated accordingly. References Fuller, G. W., Johnston, A., & Regan, A. (2020). Housing prices and wealth inequality in Western Europe . West European Politics, 43 (2), 297-320. Web. Le, Q. H., & Nguyen, H. N. (2019). The impact of income inequality on economic growth in Vietnam: An empirical analysis. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 9 (5), 617-629. Web. Mijs, J. J. (2021). The paradox of inequality: Income inequality and belief in meritocracy go hand in hand. Socio-Economic Review, 19 (1), 7-35. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/does-democracy-require-equality-of-income-or-wealth/	253
Does Mercator Projection Adequately Represent the Real Size of the Country Essay Mercator is a commonly used projection, but it does not adequately represent the real size of the country. The most common complaint is that the size of the country is extremely biased. The sizes of Greenland and Africa are classic examples. According to the Mercator projector, they have the same size. The Mercator projection mistakenly exaggerates the size of Europe and North America. Greenland, which appears as a huge frozen land in the Mercator projection, has shrunk dramatically. The African Continent occupies a far more prominent place on this new life-size map. Distorted sizes aren’t just worrisome, as they give the wrong impression of what the world looks like. In relation to non-white nations, Mercator is expanding and perhaps increasing the importance of white nations. As far as I know, the real size of a country differs from the size illustrated by the Mercator projection. I started to get a new perspective on the world with a new map. One of them is Google Maps, where at higher zoom settings, the Earth will appear as a globe. This completely avoids the difficulty of map projection and displays the planet as it is in a circle (Setiawan & Sediyono, 2017). This means that countries and land are more accurately mapped. Users often use maps at narrower zoom levels, such as for navigation designed with the Mercator projection. The exact angle between the lane and the boundary is preserved in this projection. In an increasingly globalized world, having relevant geographic knowledge is essential. Misunderstandings about the size of continents can disappear as people become accustomed to maps of the same area and the spherical Earth. My view of the world changed when I realized that the Mercator projection wasn’t accurate. I understand that the actual size of a country may differ from the size and proportions shown on the map. Reference Setiawan, A., & Sediyono, E. (2017). Using google maps and spherical quadrilateral approach method for land area measurement. In 2017 International Conference on Computer, Control, Informatics and its Applications (IC3INA) (pp. 85-88). IEEE. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/does-mercator-projection-adequately-represent-the-real-size-of-the-country/	254
Domestic and Adventure Fiction Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Summary of the Novels 3. Characteristics of Domestic and Adventure Fiction 4. Conclusion 5. Reference Introduction Domestic and adventure fictions have several characteristics that distinguish them from other types of imaginative writing. “One Crazy Summer” and “Hoot” are some of the most intriguing novels that show the features of domestic and adventure fiction. The core need for using the two books is to identify how these two genres have been used in the texts and how they help create a crucial difference from other genres. Summary of the Novels “One Crazy Summer” comprises Delphine, Vonetta, and Fern, who live in Brooklyn New York. Their father sent them to Oakland, California so they could stay there with their mother, Cecile. Bobby Hutton who was one of the members of the Black Panther was shot by the police and he died while other members were wrongly jailed. The sisters returned home after the San Francisco trip and found their mother and other two members of the Black Panther Party being arrested. The girls performed a poem their mother had written before her arrest. The sisters’ mother is released from jail and returns home, prompting the girls to hug her for the last time as they decide to return home. In “Hoot”, Roy becomes acquaintances with Dana Matherson in Florida. Motherson is one of the worst-known bullies in the area, a trait that becomes unfortunate for Roy. Motherson presses hard his thumbs against Roy’s temples and pushes him against the school-bus window. While in this situation, Roy observes a boy with “no shoes, no backpack, no books—strange, indeed, on a school day.” (Hiaasen, 2019, p. 6). He chases him to where he meets different creatures that he begins to become attracted to and decides to protect. He becomes friends with Beatrice, who has a connection to the barefoot boy. He later realizes that the boy has relationships with vandalism occurring at the site where some construction was happening and endangered the lives of the burrowing owls. The three children then take the fight to the crooked politicians and police hoping to save the animals. Characteristics of Domestic and Adventure Fiction Domestic fiction is evident in the text of “One Crazy Summer” and “Hoot.” Firstly, both novels are set in around the home (Mallett et al., 2019). For instance, “One Crazy Summer” talks about the three sisters, the grandmother, and their mother, while “Hoot” deals with Roy and his other family members leaving Montana for Florida. Secondly, the novels also have elements of social and personal issues that include family and community relationships (Mallett et al., 2019). For instance, Cecile and her sisters were abandoned by their mother and at one point their father sends them to stay for a while with her. On the other hand, Roy enjoys a good lifestyle but is intrigued by that boy who instead of taking the school bus, runs away from it and has no shoes. Thirdly, domestic fictions emphasize social class issues, such as opulence, poverty, and property (Mallett et al., 2019). For instance, the sun is considered a crucial element in the daily lives of the people, since its failure to spin around its axis would result in no harvest among poor farmers and a lack of food for the less privileged. Domestic fiction also has elements of motivations and psychological knowledge passed to the characters. For instance, Fern asked Cecile why she changed her name. Cecile answers that it was because she considered her name to reflect who she is currently, hence did not see the need for calling herself by an old name. On the other hand, when Curly leaned hard against Roy, Roy managed to beat him, portraying defeat against the bully. Moreover, domestic fictions portray rewards in form of moral or social benefits to the affected parties. For instance, the hugging between Cecile and her daughters depicts she learned the need for loving her family while in prison. Similarly, those who bullied Roy and his friends become fugitives and have to stay on the run with their dirty clothes. Domestic fiction usually talks about girls and women being the main characters in the story. As evident in “One Crazy Summer,” most of the texts revolve around the three sisters and their mother. In the same way, when the girls go to live with their mother, they encounter other women fighting for their freedom especially because they are sidelined for being black. In “Hoot” Roy meets Beatrice who is also struggling to fight for the rights of endangered animals. Adventure fictions are evident in different parts of “One Crazy Summer” and “Hoot.” Firstly, both novels take the storyline from the outside of the homestead and make the characters explore exotic distances and journeys (Mallett et al., 2019). The three sisters are sent by their father to go and stay with their mother for a while, though the mother lives in a hostile environment, where she has to join the Black Panther Party to survive. The party experienced various turbulences, and the mother was arrested forcing the sisters to remain homeless for some time to avoid getting into trouble facing the movement. Roy also follows the barefoot boy into the wild, where he encounters owls, crocodiles, and snakes. Secondly, adventure fiction involves surviving dangerous obstacles and retrieving valued goals (Mallett et al., 2019). For example, Roy understood that the owls were endangered and thus had to mobilize his friends to fight against those who were causing harm to the animals. Fern and her sisters also went on a journey to get back to their mother but met several obstacles that made it difficult for them to be with her. Adventure fictions also involve action and struggle to achieve the desired goals. In the case of Roy, he met several challenges ranging from the police and the construction site to other boys. One of the pieces of evidence of struggle is when Cecile says, “How can you send them to Oakland? Oakland’s nothing but a boiling pot of trouble cooking. All them riots.” (Williams-Garcia & Johnson, 2010, p. 9). In this case, Cecile understands that the situation in Oakland is unconducive for the girls because of the constant struggle for freedom. The sisters witness the harsh condition their mother lives in when they find she is arrested for being a member of the Black Panther Party. Curly had Roy pinned down because of this struggle to attain the course Roy had decided to achieve. Similarly, Fern and her sisters were also forced to join forces with the Black Panther party to help address the plight of the community in which their move lived. When Cecile was arrested, the girls began to be more active in the fight for reformation, which included reciting the poem their mother had written and giving speeches. Conclusion Several characteristics distinguish domestic and adventure fiction from other types of novels. Some of the most outstanding attributes of domestic adventure in “One Crazy Summer” and “Hoot” include the setting around the home, touching on social and personal issues, focusing on females, and having rewards in form of morals. The properties of adventure fiction in the two novels include setting outside, involving escape and survival, having extraordinary goals, being associated with dangerous activities and struggle, and focusing on males. Reference Hiaasen, C. (2019). Hoot . Pan Macmillan. Mallett, M., Goodwin, P., & Mallett, D. (2019). Realism: Domestic, adventure and school stories. In Choosing and Using Fiction and Non-Fiction 3–11 (pp. 117-126). Routledge. Williams-Garcia, R., & Johnson, S. A. (2010). One crazy summer. New York: Amistad.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/domestic-and-adventure-fiction/	255
Domestic Violence Investigation Procedure Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Criminal Procedure for an Alleged Domestic Violence Assault 3. The Assessment of the Process 4. Conclusion 5. References Introduction Although the issue of violence in families has always been prevalent in society, it was not until 1995 that domestic abusers were brought to federal justice and criminalization of their actions. Thus, the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) of 1995 implies criminal responsibility for assaulting one’s partner physically and mentally in case the victim comes forward to the local or federal authorities (U.S. Department of Justice, 2021). The goal of this essay is to dwell on the existing procedure of domestic violence investigation in order to identify its relevance and areas for improvement. Criminal Procedure for an Alleged Domestic Violence Assault The first stage of the criminal procedure is reporting an act of physical harm. Currently, the victims of domestic abuse can contact either 911 or a state hotline for domestic violence prevention. After reporting a crime, the victim waits for the local police department to arrive at the location of the assault and arrest the alleged abuser until further details are revealed. Although the grounds for arrest differ by state, the common procedure is a preliminary evaluation of the victim’s physical and mental condition in order to justify or deny the probable cause for an arrest (American Bar Association Commission on Domestic Violence, 2018). Once the probable cause is estimated, the alleged abuser is arrested and taken away from the victim to prevent further harm. At this point, the victim is eligible to demand a no-contact order to ensure the defendant has no legal right to contact the victim in any way. After the preliminary arrest, the investigation proper takes place to estimate the magnitude of the harm caused to the victim. The defendant is taken to a pre-trial hearing, where they have the chance to plead guilty or not guilty. If they claim guilty, the case is proceeded to the hearing to estimate the sentencing based on the defendant’s criminal record and the scope of assault. Under the VAWA, domestic abusers can be convicted to five years to life sentencing (U.S. Department of Justice, 2021). If no consensus is reached between the accusation and defense, the defendant and the prosecution collect evidence and defense for the trial. Ruled by a jury or a judge, the trial estimates whether the defendant is guilty based on the presented evidence and testified witnesses. In case the defendant is found guilty yet released from the penitentiary on probation, the victim is eligible for receiving a restraining order from the local police department. The Assessment of the Process The procedure of domestic abuse prosecution is an extremely challenging endeavor due to the nature of accusations that the defense can easily justify. According to the statistics, more than 1 in 5 women and 1 in 7 men have experienced severe physical abuse at least once, whereas thousands of people nationwide suffered from sexual violence and stalking by intimate partners (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021). However, the minority of these cases are brought to prosecution because the victim is afraid of their intimate partner. According to the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence (n.d.), the victims of domestic abuse do not report abuse because they are either afraid that their intimate partners can cause harm to them or their families or are concerned about their socio-economic status after they report abuse and leave the house. Hence, considering the existing magnitude of domestic violence in the country, it is necessary for the legal system to actively collaborate with social institutions to help the victims. The primary issue with the existing system is the ambiguity of ratifying the VAWA, especially when defining an intimate partner as a member of the LGBTQ+ community. Another challenging aspect of current legislation is the lack of attention paid to emotional abuse in households. Frequently, the performance of physical abuse is the result of ongoing psychological pressure on the victim, including pressure, ultimatums, verbal threats, and depreciation of the victim. As a result, at the moment of physical abuse, the victim is highly likely to exist in a codependent relationship with no sense of self-worth, so they tend to take their police statements back or leave the abuse unreported. Such an alarming tendency should encourage federal legislation to present more substantial charges for emotional abuse of an intimate partner to avoid and prevent physical abuse. Conclusion The issue of domestic abuse in households is terrifyingly common nationwide. Considering additionally the victim’s reluctance to report cases of violence, it becomes evident that the current system of criminal punishment is not enough to stop the abusers, as the fact of domestic abuse is hard to prove. Moreover, the majority of victims are intimidated by their partners long before the act of violence is reported. For this reason, it is of paramount importance for the legislature to collaborate with social services and the community to promote the responsibility for emotional abuse between partners as the first step toward physical violence. References American Bar Association Commission on Domestic Violence. (2018). Domestic violence arrest policies by state [PDF document]. Web. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Preventing intimate partner violence. Web. National Coalition Against Domestic Violence. (n.d.). Why do victims stay? Web. U.S. Department of Justice. (2021). Federal domestic violence . Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/domestic-violence-investigation-procedure/	256
Dreaming in Christianity and Islam Essay Dreaming is an exciting and still inexplicable human experience that occurs entirely in one’s brain during sleeping. Before taking this course, I was skeptical about the value of dreams. Indeed, I was influenced mainly by the studies that explained this phenomenon from the point of continuous activity of people’s minds that processes daily routine during the night. However, after studying various sources about our visions during sleep, I understood the reasoning behind less scientific explanations. This class allowed me to be more attentive to dreams to understand my emotional problems and helped me learn about the causes of students’ nightmares. The new information that interested me was the dreaming experiences of Jordanian students that were similar to their counterparts from Western countries. It was unusual to learn from this chapter by Nasser & Bulkeley (2009) that negative dreams were recalled and reported more frequently. Most of the participants’ nightmares had some association with their daily concerns. Dreaming about elements of the supernatural world, like jinn, was the reflection of these individuals’ cultural and religious beliefs (Nasser & Bulkeley, 2009). Even though it is logical to think that people’s habits and thoughts would appear in their dreams, it was still fascinating to read how their brains were able to reconstruct these ideas into realistic images. I used to dream about book and movie characters, but I only recently admitted that my mind could create imaginary scenarios involving me in these fictional stories. Analyzing my behavior in these nightmares revealed that I isolated myself from my friends and became lonely in dreams. Indeed, I realized that our brains might generate visions to prepare us for similar challenges in the future. The prophetic dreams of some people remain a mystery, and I am less skeptical about these cases after reading Icelandic stories. Specifically, the article by Heijnen (2005) made me alter my viewpoint about dreaming. Before enrolling in this course, I could relate to those Icelanders, mentioned in the paper by Heijnen (2005), who “qualify dreams as personal fantasies not worth much pondering upon” (p. 194). Although I did not become superstitious about nightmares after reading this manuscript, I started to be more careful about the psychology behind episodes that my friends or I may see while asleep. There is no certainty in the authenticity of the stories presented in the article, but many real-world examples of similar dreaming experiences exist today. Indeed, as I discovered later, the stories of people talking to the dead or preventing some catastrophic events are not unique to Iceland’s ancient culture. Many of my relatives told me about their conversations with their deceased partners or parents. However, I cannot accept the idea of Icelanders that dreams are given from the external world rather than generated in our brains (Heijnen, 2005). Nevertheless, this manuscript helped me realize that science still cannot explain many events and behaviors; thus, I should remain open to various theories about human mental potential. In summary, this course about dreaming helped me learn various opinions about this brain activity. I used to view dreams as processing information and experiences of our daily lives. In fact, it is partly true because studies demonstrated that people dreamed about the same concerns but mainly in a negative sense, which might be explained by cultural constraints and anticipation of a bad outcome. The most puzzling components of this phenomenon are people’s nightmares about the supernatural world that are probably caused by individuals’ beliefs, accentuated by their imagination. These elements are not universal across the globe, and thus it is hard to apply psychoanalytic principles to explain such visions. Overall, I think that this part of human life requires more research that should involve professionals in both scientific and non-scientific fields. References Heijnen, A. (2005). Dreams, darkness and hidden spheres: Exploring the anthropology of the night in Icelandic society. Paideuma , 51 , 193-207. Nasser, L., & Bulkeley, K. (2009). The typical dreams of Jordanian college students. In K. Bulkeley, K. Adams, & P.M. Davis (Eds.), Dreaming in Christianity and Islam. Culture, conflict, and creativity (pp. 200-216). Rutgers University Press.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/dreaming-in-christianity-and-islam/	257
Drive-Thru Dreams and Fast Food Nation by Adam Chandler Essay In the introduction to his book, Drive-Thru Dreams: A Journey through the Heart of America’s Fast-Food Kingdom, Adam Chandler uses pathos as the central appeal to convince the audience in the strength of his reasoning. The Fries that Bind tells the story of the joy that was brought to a small Alaskan town by the fast-food giant Taco Bell. The employment of vivid imagery and emphasis on provoking emotions in his readers help the author reach his goal and make one think about the role fast-food culture plays in the American society. The claim that Chandler (2019) makes – that fast-food is an integral part of the American way of life – intrigues the audience and compels them to read the book. The story provided in the introduction is supported by conclusive statistics and brief history recap, as well as by enumeration of different American regions and fast-food chains without which one cannot imagine these areas. The intended audience is any American interested in the topic – of any age, gender, or race. Eric Schlosser implements an approach resembling Chandler’s in the introduction to his book, Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal . Pathos as a method of convincing the audience in the argument he makes is employed by Schlosser (2012) in a similar fashion: he tells a fascinating story of the military installation in Colorado mountains. The build-up to the facility’s rugged workers being reliant on fast-food chains to provide them food takes a reader’s breath away and makes them want to explore the rest of the book. Schlosser’s (2012) claim is similar to the one Chandler (2019) makes: fast-food, its history and influence on the United States’ national culture are impossible to ignore. Support to the story is provided by a couple-of-pages-long foreword, epitomizing the fast-food industry’s influence in facts and numbers, as well as in the author’s reasoning about the cultural impact it has made. The book is intended for every American who wants to find out more about the subject. References Chandler, A. (2019). Drive-thru Dreams: A journey through the heart of America’s fast-food kingdom . Flatiron Books. Schlosser, E. (2012). Fast food nation: The dark side of the all-American meal . Mariner Books/Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/drive-thru-dreams-and-fast-food-nation-by-adam-chandler/	258
Drug and Alcohol Addiction in Atlantic City Essay Atlantic City is a famous coastal city in New Jersey characterized by its beaches and developed entertainment industry. The city is relatively small in both size and population. There are several local casinos, many hotels, recreation centers, and shops. The prevalent part of the population of Atlantic City consists of African-Americans and Caucasians. Local shops are tourist-oriented and provide a wide variety of souvenirs and vintage goods such as books and wine. Since Atlantic City is a city located near the ocean, many local restaurants specialize in seafood. The average income for an individual who resides in Atlantic City, per the 2021 was only 29,232 USD for a household. The culture and ambiance may be categorized as a “party” or “fun” city. Because of this, alcohol and drugs are very popular among residents, which may pose a community health issue and is applicable for all ages entering or residing within the city. Additionally, this issue may only amplify, as a new law was passed in 2020 allowing for the public consumption of alcohol within the city’s tourism district. Unfortunately, alcohol is a part of the city’s culture and is embraced, even with the potential long term effects drinking can cause to a person’s health. Luckily, there is an Alcoholics Anonymous outreach facility for those who find themselves in need of such assistance and several medical emergency facilities, including psychiatric and behavorial health facilities.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/drug-and-alcohol-addiction-in-atlantic-city/	259
Drug Laws Influnce on Different Population Groups Essay Drug addiction is a terrible epidemic that destroys many lives, and therefore many countries of the world are waging war on drugs. However, the methods used, insufficient data quality, and biases affecting the course of the struggle have negative consequences. Laws against drugs have a disproportionate impact on national minorities, women, and other oppressed groups. At the same time, the roots of the addiction problem, which lie in poverty and social inequality, are often ignored. Despite all the dangers of drugs, the fight against them should not worsen the living conditions for the population and aggravate injustice. The problem of racism in America’s justice system is particularly acute. The American system is the largest globally and contains the most prisoners. At the same time, people of color, especially African-Americans, are detained more often. After detention, representatives of other races are more likely to be convicted and sentenced to harsher punishment. Such injustice is especially noticeable in the drug situation, where the number of crimes for different races is approximately the same (The Sentencing Project, 2018). The police distribute their efforts focusing on areas where they believe a crime is more likely, and policies like “Broken Windows” and “Stop, Question, and Frisk” make people of color the target (The Sentencing Project, 2018). Given the disproportionate level of poverty, structural racism, and small efforts to combat these problems, the drug war is a more significant burden for minorities. The fight against drugs also unfairly affects women, especially women of color. Racial bias is also relevant to them, but several other problems supplement it. Women have less access than men to treatment during detention (Drug Policy Alliance, n.d.). Child protection policies fight drugs, and sometimes children can be taken from mothers only for suspicion of them in connection with drug crimes (Drug Policy Alliance, n.d.). Conspiracy laws are also severely used against women, imposing penalties for not informing about the involvement of a partner or family member in drug sales (Drug Policy Alliance, n.d.). Thus, existing laws against drugs are unfair to racial minorities and women. References Drug Policy Alliance. (n.d.). Women and the drug war. Drug Policy Alliance Website. The Sentencing Project. (2018). Report to the United Nations on racial disparities in the U.S. criminal justice system . The Sentencing Project Website.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/drug-laws-influnce-on-different-population-groups/	260
Drug Overdose Health Policy and Ethics Essay Alcohol and substance abuse is a massive issue in New Jersey, and one of its outcomes is the opioid epidemic that emerged in the state during the last decade. In 2021, Governor Phil Murphy passed several bills based on the provision of harm reduction services, hypodermic syringe distribution, and local drug overdose fatality review teams established to respond to the challenge (State of New Jersey’s Department of Health, 2022). The latter is a relatively new policy for New Jersey, and local communities are discussing its impact on population health and healthcare services practice. Bill A798/S52 is deployed according to the example of other states where opioid use is regulated legislatively, and people with sufficient knowledge and experience in working with addiction treatment are involved (Senate Health, Human Services and Senior Citizens Committee 2021). This paper aims to critically analyze the policy about local drug overdose fatality review teams’ establishment and discuss how it aligns with the concepts of advocacy, population health, and the ANA ethical statements. The Bill A798/S52 Legislative regulation is essential to fight against the opioid epidemic because it provides sufficient power to make practice changes, track and eliminate violations, and predict improvements. Bill A798/S52 was officially released on January 18, 2022, to establish local drug overdose fatality review teams and provide healthcare and social support for people with alcohol and drug addictions (State of New Jersey’s Department of Health, 2022). The primary sponsors were Verrelli, Vainieri Huttle, Armato/Singer, and Greenstein; they also participated in passing other opioid epidemic-related regulations. The policy identifies the responsible groups’ activities, such as developing methods to decrease the number of overdoses statewide, researching the causes of abuse to recommend further legislative updates, and supporting the affected (Senate Health, Human Services and Senior Citizens Committee 2021). Consequently, the main aim the drug overdose fatality review teams will pursue is to become the trusted medium between the people in need and the government. Bill A798/S52 is beneficial for the population’s health even though it does not include any direct intervention or medical services providence. As the drug overdose fatality review teams will be formed in multiple areas, they will improve the government’s data collection and timely notice of serious deviations even in the smallest towns (Artiga & Hinton, 2018). Furthermore, New Jersey’s Commissioner of Health responsible for the groups’ operations will have to coordinate the abuse situation with the local healthcare organizations and provide additional sources when necessary. The concept of advocacy enabled support for the vulnerable on the legislative level and allow them to explain the causes of New Jersey’s opioid epidemic (Artiga & Hinton, 2018). Indeed, the teams will observe and communicate with the affected people, and additional options to help them prevent addictions might occur, leading to a decrease in drug abuse prevalence. Nursing practitioners involved in helping addicts or practicing in healthcare organizations with relevant departments would benefit the drug overdose fatality review teams, and it is ethically correct to join them. The bill does not identify any specific professional requirements for the potential participants; they only must have experience in social or healthcare work with vulnerable populations (Haas et al., 2019). Working with the team addresses the principle of altruism and devotion to professional obligations and enables the practitioner to advocate for equity in care for diverse populations (American Nurses Association, n. d.). The bill identifies the key harm reduction strategies, and advocacy for their implementation benefits other public health policies improvement. The opioid epidemic is one of the severest health challenges for New Jersey and developing workable legislation to address it is urgent for the county’s population. Bill A798/S52 submits the demand for the specific local drug overdose fatality review teams and identifies their rights and obligations. The establishment of novel regulations is beneficial for New Jersey’s healthcare as it will result in a more precise view of vulnerable people’s issues, attention, and help initiatives from communities and organizations. References American Nurses Association (n. d.). Code of Ethics for nurses with interpretive statements. Web. Artiga, S., & Hinton, E. (2018). Beyond health care: The role of social determinants in promoting health and health equity. Kaiser Family Foundation. Web. Haas, E., Truong, C., Bartolomei-Hill, L., Baier, M., Bazron, B., & Rebbert-Franklin, K. (2019). Local overdose fatality review team recommendations for overdose death prevention. Health Promotion Practice, 20 (4), 553-564. Web. Senate Health, Human Services and Senior Citizens Committee. (2021). Assembly Bill No. 798. Web. State of New Jersey’s Department of Health. (2022). Governor Murphy signs legislative package to expand harm reduction efforts, further commitment to end New Jersey’s opioid epidemic. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/drug-overdose-health-policy-and-ethics/	261
Dual Language Learners’ Comprehensive Strategies Essay Primary education for children in bilingual immigrant families can be challenging for parents. They often face problems of cultural inconsistency, that is, a lack of understanding of certain self-evident norms and traditions. For example, in the United States, it is common practice for parents to attend school, while in South Korea this behavior is considered impolite. Parents can also experience psychological discomfort when communicating with teachers due to language barriers. Therefore, family engagement is the most common approach to reduce the distance between teachers and parents and improve communication. This paper aims to discuss how family engagement and other teaching strategies address the needs of dual language learners. Dual Language Learners and Family Engagement Dual language learners (DLL) are students who are educated in a language different from the one, primarily spoken at their homes. Interestingly, these students often also face a different cultural setting. DLLs usually are US-born children of immigrants, and sometimes of US-born parents. The most populous immigrant groups in California are Spanish, Vietnamese, Korean, and Tagalog. Since the immigrant population usually presents a considerable cohort of US citizens there are widespread educational practices developed specifically for the DLLs. For instance, the strategy of family engagement was created to improve the communication between the DLL’s parents and teachers. The US educational system recognizes the importance of the family in the process of learning new knowledge. Therefore, the concept of engagement was introduced at an early stage in the scientific discussion of DLL learning strategies. The idea behind this concept is to provide broader expectations for the families of students, that is, the perception of them as a strong partner with many opportunities. In other words, the modern US educational system is based on the idea that the family has more wisdom about the education of children than the school curriculum. In this regard, one of the main goals and objectives of the system is to create the prerequisites for improved interaction between families and schools. Equally important are such generally accepted concepts in the educational system as cultural capital, social capital, and human capital, as well as the approach based on the ecological theory fundamentals. In general, the ecological theory considers the children’s developmental systems such as proximal systems and distal systems. Proximal systems are the systems common for learners like school, and home, this is a tangible system in which the students exist. At the same time, the distal system is the concept that describes the more intangible, ideological aspects of learning like culture and neighborhoods. There is also a perception that these two systems present a bi-directional interaction, which is also studied. According to the theory, the only way to establish optimal learning is to harmonize the two systems. Then, the concept of cultural capital embodies the idea of the cultural knowledge, beliefs, and customs inherent among the students’ family members. At the same time, social capital refers to the students’ social networks as valuable assets of support and influence. Finally, human capital is the concept describing students ‘personal qualities that help them succeed in the learning process. These qualities may include the initial education, competencies, and skills, as well as the personal attributes. Scholarly Discourse Scholars generally recognize the family engagement approach as correct and offer ways to implement this approach within the school curriculum and lesson plans. For example, Quin et al. (2018) recognize the importance of introducing the ecological model for students ‘learning development and consider the most critical factors inherent in the model, such as teacher’s support that has a high positive relation with the student’s engagement. The scholars also admit the great influence on behalf of the students’ community, family, and peers. Quin et al. (2018) determined the factors perceived as protective concerning the learning success. These are teacher support, academic grades, prior engagement, family management practices, and others. The risk factors included antisocial peer affiliation, community disorganization, absences from school, and school dropout. Although these factors were developed for the 10th and 11th graders, they are also appropriate for younger students, as they discuss the common situation of receiving education by younger and older children. Interestingly, these factors could be introduced into the initial and more generally perceived family engagement approach since, according to the scholars ’report, they have shown a high potential. The presented information can as well be used to develop the requirements and evaluations of the students ’success and when looking for the red flags in students’ school performance. For example, teachers could develop questionnaires for parents where family members could answer questions related to the presence or absence of risk factors or supportive factors. Consultation is one of the acceptable forms of family engagement in the learning process. Teachers can provide valuable insights on which home-based family practices will be most effective for DLL students. For instance, there are widespread and commonly accepted practices or characteristics of family engagement. These practices include joint decision making, regular two-way communication, collaboration with teachers and exchange of knowledge, learning in-home and in the community, and joint family-program setting of learning goals. Therefore, the consultations can be seen as the feature of the two-way communication between the teachers and family. Smith et al. (2019) assert that consultations are an appropriate way of promoting family-school engagement. They positively correlate with the children’s social-behavioral competence, academic achievement, and mental health. No less important, consultations affect the relational outcomes, parent practices, and parent attitudes (Smith et al., 2019). Therefore, the scholars conclude that there is strong evidence that consultations improve the critical students’ outcomes. Importantly, this claim also correlates with the family engagement approach. Interestingly, given that the practice of counseling is so beneficial for both teachers and students, teachers should include weekly parenting counseling in their curriculum and create separate programs to engage and motivate parents. The implementation of such plans will create an environment in which children can receive support in learning both at home and school. Given the general difficulties faced by DLLs, this educational environment can be an indispensable condition for the quality assimilation of new knowledge. Teacher-training programs are a particular factor that has a positive influence on DLL’s educational success. Interestingly, these practices can be seen in the framework of the ecological theory, as an inherent part of the proximal system which usually consists of students ‘family and school support systems. Smith and Sheridan (2017) studied how the teacher-training practices (TTP) influence the DLLs’ social-emotional, behavioral and academic development. The scholars reported that the TTP also impacted the teachers’ knowledge, attitudes, and family engagement practices. The latter showed a high positive correlation, providing evidence for advice to implement the TTP as a handy tool to improve the students’ school performance. Smith and Sheridan suggested considering the TTP components like communication strategies, problem-solving and collaborative planning to develop future TTP practices. The practices studied were professional development programs, teacher in-service programs, and preservice university courses. Given the above, the school administrations should encourage the teachers ‘professional development and create the prerequisites for it. This may include the special school-based courses and programs, created in partnership with the Ministry of Education or the particular scholarly and expert groups or organizations. Sibley and Brabeck (2017) studied the educational process in terms of the benefits and success of Latino immigrant students. Not surprisingly, the scholars reported the lower opportunities for the children raised in immigrant families, especially in graduating colleges and universities. They also admitted that the disadvantages could be traced back to primary education, and emphasized the importance of effective teachers’ work with young students from immigrant families. According to scholars, Latino students present a considerable share of the US workforce. Therefore, their needs should be addressed immediately and in a proper way. This position is very sensible, and it provides evidence that scientists are concerned with how DLLs are educated from an earlier stage. Thus, it was discussed how the family engagement strategies and special teaching approaches address the needs of the dual language learners. DLLs are a special group whose interests should be considered in the provision of primary education services. Since these students face great learning difficulties due to differences in language and culture, family involvement and support can be a significant factor in success. Equally important is the consultation of teachers who seek professional development. References Sibley, E., & Brabeck, K. (2017). Latino immigrant students’ school experiences in the United States: The importance of family-school-community collaborations. School Community Journal , 27 (1), 137-157. Smith, T. E., & Sheridan, S. M. (2019). The effects of teacher training on teachers’ family-engagement practices, attitudes, and knowledge: A meta-analysis. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation , 29 (2), 128-157. Web. Smith, T. E., Holmes, S. R., Sheridan, S. M., Cooper, J. M., Bloomfield, B. S., & Preast, J. L. (2021). The effects of consultation-based family-school engagement on student and parent outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation , 31 (3), 278-306. Web. Quin, D., Heerde, J. A., & Toumbourou, J. W. (2018). Teacher support within an ecological model of adolescent development: Predictors of school engagement. Journal of School Psychology , 69 , 1-15. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/dual-language-learners-comprehensive-strategies/	262
Duke Ellington’s Performance at Copenhagen in 1965 Essay Introduction Duke Ellington is an American composer and pianist who played a major role in the revolution of Jazz music across America. Ellington recorded his music with his band and became one of the composers of distinctive jazz sounds highlighted in his concert in Copenhagen in 1965. His band is comprised of fourteen members whereby each is tasked to play a different musical instrument during the performance. The members of Ellington’s ensemble include Duke Ellington, Billy Strayhorn, John Lamb, Sam Woodyard, Paul Gonsalves, Russel Procope, Jimmy Hamiliton, Chuck Connos, Buster Cooper, Cootie Williams, Herbie Jones, Cat Anderson, Ray Nance and Harry Carney. The band played a set of air and string instruments in the performance, which included trumpets, violins, trombone, clarinet, tenor saxophone, alto saxophone, baritone saxophone, bass clarinet, bass guitar, drums, and piano, which was Ellington’s specialty. The Copenhagen performance is divided into five shows that constitute different musical aspects. The pieces in the concerto are live performances, namely midriff, Ad Lib on Nipon, Part three, Tutti for Cootie, and Rockin’ in Rhythm, respectively. The concert is vibrant as the ensemble plays the musical instruments in a happy and fast melody which, on the other hand, engages the crowd. The concert plays a major role in indicating the development of music as Ellington explains to the crowd about every piece that is presented, which gives information about the genre of music to be performed. The crowd is involved in the music as it is hard to sing and clap along to the music in the concert. Telling jokes before a performance engages the crowd to be more attentive hence making the performance to be more lively. Main body The Midriff Live is the first piece that was presented in the Copenhagen performance, which involves a fast melody that welcomes the audience to the concerto. The melodies that are played in this piece include fast tubas and clarinets. The most thrilling part of the performance is when Duke instructs the general ensemble on the melody they are going to start with. Ellington is seen to begin by setting the tone for the performance by playing his piano then, followed by the band who play the music in a fast rhythm which indicates the beginning of the performance. In this piece, the band plays a high-pitched melody that indicates the distinctive style of jazz known as Swing jazz. In the Copenhagen performance, swing jazz is the dominant style played as it comprises a large ensemble that is divided into three or four members playing similar instruments. The swing melody is also characterized by the feeling of snapping fingers to the melody, which also is heard from the crowd as the orchestra plays the music. The fourth part of the performance was also fascinating, especially the music texture of the performance. The piece applies the fast, slow, fast style of jazz music, which is important in engaging an audience. The piece is also classified by the orchestra members playing solo which captivates the attention of the audience. The performance Tutti for Cootie has musical elements such as syncopation whereby the orchestra sets accentuation melodies that sound like as bombardment of musical instruments. Syncopation helps the orchestra to indicate the beginning of a new song or the end of the performance. The use of syncopation helps in creating a happy mood through the performance that promotes audience participation. The performance has an element of improvisation whereby Ellington plays the clarinet which is backed up by the trumpets to create a singular tune. Improvisation plays a major role in ensuring the coordination of similar musical instruments to produce a similar melody. The key musical factor in the Copenhagen performance is the use of fast, slow, fast rhythm, as it ensures that the audience remains focused on the performance. The performances, especially Tutti for Cootie, act as a reminder to the American citizens of the tunes that were played during the attainment of independence; hence the performance is not only entertaining but also a cultural event. The tone gravity of this particular performance indicates the melodious coordination of the violin and the piano to create a happy mood across the performance. In the background, the audience is heard singing, clapping, and snapping along to the performance, which indicates that the performance has a vibrant tone row. The overall performance at Copenhagen depicts swing jazz as the orchestra maintains a happy melody across the performance. The alteration of musical chords and tunes is excellent, as there is a smooth transition of the musical instruments into one melody. The overall augmentation of the melodies in the performances is generally short, as it ensures that the audience is not bored by monotonous notes. Another key reflection of the performance is the delayed resolution used in most performances. Duke Ellington is famous for applying delayed resolution in his pieces, whereby a resolving tune is delayed later than expected by the crowd. The tune is then replaced by a bombarding tune, such as a tuba, as in the example in the Part three performance. Ellington uses guide tones from the piano to guide the orchestra on the melody to be played. Using guide tones ensures that the whole band synchronizes to the dominant tone and therefore plays their musical instruments according to the head. Another outstanding feature of the general performance is providing musical background to the audience before performing. Providing information about the pieces to be performed ensures that the audience relates both musically and emotionally with the performances. The soloist is also seen to crack jokes to the audience, which also is a technique to ensure audience concentration. The tempo of the performances is classified as a double-time tempo as the orchestra tends to speed up the melody of the instruments though they maintain the harmonic rhythm. Conclusion In conclusion, the performance can be concluded to be melodious due to the different musical instruments that have been incorporated to produce a harmonious melody. Secondly, the performance can be concluded to be educative as the pieces that are played in the Copenhagen performance have a historical background, such as Independence Day. Such musical performances promote patriotism through reflections on how music played a major role in the fight for independence. The event also plays a major role in indicating the evolution of orchestra music as the performance uses the swing jazz structure, whereby different orchestra members play different roles in the band to produce harmonious melodies. Duke Ellington’s ensemble is an example of individual harmonies blended into one major melody as he picks individuals who have mastered the use of different musical instruments. Nevertheless, there is poor lighting in the performance, which does not enable the audience to clearly visualize the orchestra members. However, the arrangement of the orchestra members on the stage enables perfect coordination of tones since the musical instruments are arranged according to the musical intensity produced.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/duke-ellingtons-performance-at-copenhagen-in-1965/	263
Durkheim’s Functionalism and Marx’s Conflict Theory Essay In order to understand the structure and functions of society, it is essential to study a vast number of sociological theories and perspectives created by various scientists. For example, Emile Durkheim, a French sociologist, expressed his view of society in the theory of functionalism. According to Durkheim, there is vital interconnectivity of all the elements of any society that share common ideas and principles, and the sum of these elements is not as great as the society itself. The sociologist viewed society as a huge biological organism that requires all its parts to function properly in order to remain alive. Further, when discussing collective and individual behavior, Durkheim stated that these two concepts are entirely different, and there is the collective conscience that makes people adapt their actions and act in predictable ways. The concept of collective conscience is beneficial and positive as it defines and evaluates the norms of behavior. Nevertheless, not all sociologists share the same view on society. For example, there is also a conflict theory developed by Karl Marx. Unlike functionalism, conflict theory views society as a system with an ongoing class conflict, primarily between the proletariats and the bourgeoisie. The main cause of this conflict is the lack of resources and their unequal distribution, while its effects are connected with the necessary changes happening in society. Further, while functionalism focuses on collectivism, social integration, and the necessity of acting in similar and predictable ways, Karl Marx emphasizes individualism and promotes alienation that isolates a person from society. Finally, while Durkheim insisted on the ability of collective consciousness to hold people together and unite them into society, conflict theory tried to eliminate false consciousness and replace it with class one. It is evident that functionalism and conflict theory contradict each other. They are different in almost all ideas and concepts, including the primary structure of society. The main purpose of functionalism is to promote stability and make all elements of society function properly to avoid errors. At the same time, the key goal of conflict theory is to emphasize change because, without it, society cannot exist. Therefore, it is completely or almost impossible to see how these theories may complement each other.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/durkheims-functionalism-and-marxs-conflict-theory/	264
Dutch vs. American Nursing and Health Policy Essay The United States’ health policies are unique and developed to provide the nation with accessible and optimally effective care. The option to establish state regulations also benefits the local citizens and sets the standards for practitioners’ and physicians’ education and career. Although providing healthcare administration authority for entities is relatively uncommon, regulations passed by local legislators are similar to European countries. For instance, in the Netherlands, the law allows practitioners to advise medication the patients after completing specific pharmacology programs and practicum hours (Maier, 2019). This paper aims to compare the Dutch and American prescriptive authority for nurses and identify the role of international organizations in developing policies to regulate healthcare. Prescriptive authority for nursing professionals is widely discussed in the United States because of its benefits and disadvantages for patient outcomes. While most states admit that timely medication advice makes healthcare services more efficient, there are several entities where drug abuse is perceived as connected to the practitioners’ rights to distribute substances (Bodenheimer & Grumbach, 2020). However, the prescriptive authority is developing and expanding in most states, and the policies around it are similar to European. Indeed, nursing practitioners from countries such as the Netherlands are required to receive licensing based on specific educational and practical courses to get the right medication advice. The Dutch policy that regulates prescriptive nursing authority is universal for the entire country in contrast to the American state-based regulatory power; however, these conditions are applicable to countries’ political systems in general. In the Netherlands, a specialist can prescribe any medication within their competency after receiving at least a Master’s degree in nursing and completing the additional pharmacology curriculum (De Bruijn-Geraets et al., 2018). Similarly, in American states with independent practice, a professional must graduate from certified educational courses to get the prescriptive authority. The main Dutch policy that regulates nursing is the Individual Health Care Professions Act (BIG), and all decision-making regarding practicing, licensing, and education is based on its statements (De Bruijn-Geraets et al., 2018). In contrast, in the United States, various legislations and boards, such as local Nursing Practice Acts and boards, exist to administrate different aspects of the profession (Germack, 2021). The comparison revealed that the Netherlands has a centralized and universal healthcare system regulation, and analyzing its efficiency is insightful for developing strategies for enforcing American states’ local policymaking. International unions, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), are the driving power of policymaking for countries’ healthcare systems. Indeed, WHO unites scientists and health professionals from diverse cultures to monitor the related industries’ performance and address challenges (Maier, 2019). The brightest example of WHO’s impact on developing policy is the establishment of regulations for fighting the COVID-19 outbreak. Indeed, the organization set the standards of safety and prevention measures, and governments worldwide used them to pass the laws for healthcare systems’ regulations updates and adjust the professionals’ responsibilities and activities. Although WHO’s guidelines have an advisory authority, healthcare organizations and practitioners can utilize them to increase the services’ quality and include them in the policies. Healthcare systems and the nursing profession are administrated differently in the United States and European countries, yet the Netherlands’ example reveals many similarities in the policies. Practitioners’ prescriptive authority is complete for the Dutch specialists, and American states’ local regulations include the corresponding requirements. International organizations, such as WHO, are valuable for healthcare policymaking because they provide evidence-based and objective solutions for countries to improve people’s well-being worldwide. References Bodenheimer, T., & Grumbach, K. (2020). Understanding health policy: A clinical approach (8 th ed.). McGraw-Hill. De Bruijn-Geraets, D. P., van Eijk-Hustings, Y. J., Bessems-Beks, M. C., Essers, B. A., Dirksen, C. D., & Vrijhoef, H. J. M. (2018). National mixed-methods evaluation of the effects of removing legal barriers to full practice authority of Dutch nurse practitioners and physician assistants. BMJ Open, 8 (6), e019962. Web. Germack, H. D. (2021). States should remove barriers to advanced practice registered nurse prescriptive authority to increase access to treatment for opioid use disorder. Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice, 22 (2), 85-92. Web. Maier, C. B. (2019). Nurse prescribing of medicines in 13 European countries. Human Resources for Health, 17 (1), 1-10. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/dutch-vs-american-nursing-and-health-policy/	265
Dyslexia in White Females Ages 5-10 Essay Dyslexia affects children with normal eyesight and intellect in different ways, such as an inability to read or acquire words. Coaching or a specialized educational intervention may help most children with Dyslexia to perform better in school. According to the article, Learning difficulties are one of the many consequences of Dyslexia. A youngster with Dyslexia will have difficulty keeping up with their classmates in most classrooms since reading is such a fundamental ability in so many areas. In the absence of treatment, Dyslexia may lead to poor self-esteem, behavioral issues such as anxiety or anger, as well as detachment from peers and teachers, and parents. When Dyslexia is not diagnosed and addressed throughout the childhood, it may lead to long-term issues in adulthood. The chances of children succeeding in life are reduced if they cannot learn to read and comprehend. The author explains that Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may make Dyslexia more difficult to cure by causing difficulties in maintaining focus, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Children with Dyslexia are more likely to experience learning challenges if their siblings and parents suffer from the same condition. Furthermore, men are more likely than females to suffer from Dyslexia; however, the disorder affects people of all ages, socioeconomic, and ethnic backgrounds. Children born with dyslexia struggle with reading, understanding, and spelling. The article expands my topic understanding in several ways. I learned that Dyslexic children are great empathizers; many people with Dyslexia have a real personality. The writing and reading difficulties might help children empathize with those struggling. The article’s strength is that it has discussed the causes and effects of Dyslexia with the right age bracket consideration, that is, from age 4 to 10. The article’s weakness is that it generalized the genders without being specific; again, it only mentioned that Dyslexia is more often experienced in male children compared to females without explaining the reasons. Concerning race, there is a sparse number of research papers regarding Dyslexia among black children and its consequences. Dyslexia mainly affects white children than black children, and thus the article addresses white children widely. I will use this article as part of my capstone project by generating public health education proposal on Dyslexia to prevent the public from viewing Dyslexia as a curse. Reference Shotola, K. (2019). The portrayal of dyslexia and children in children’s picture books. Linköping University . Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/dyslexia-in-white-females-ages-5-10/	266
E- Commerce and the Environment Essay Introduction Reliance on the internet and mobile devices to do business leads to the so-called E-commerce. The term is hardly old, based on its adoption in the 2000s after the internet revolution. E-commerce is a real force in the present and future business world due to several facets. For example, the invention’s capacity to eliminate reliance on the costly brick-and-mortar system of doing business makes it favorable to many investors. Equally, e-commerce’s unique traits, such as reduced entry barriers and readily available large stocks of online customers, make the aspect highly cherished. The invention comes at the right time when the world’s population leads a busy life, while its needs often beat local producers’ ability. The world’s rapid adoption of e-commerce justifies the invention’s match to people’s unique needs. Citizens worldwide never have to walk or travel to buy commodities or struggle to search for unavailable stuff inside sparingly located stores like before during the e-commerce age. Such unmatchable benefits make e-commerce a real force cherished by many. Nothing reveals the essence of e-commerce more than the COVID-19 pandemic state. Reported first in the mid of 2019, the epidemic causes significant pressure on humans by changing virtually every past way of living. The closure of businesses to protect people from contracting the deadly contagious virus changed working conditions significantly (Saeed, Bader, Al-Naffouri, and Alouini, 2020). Organizations seeking to survive the global plague thus resulted in working online, using the internet and e-commerce strategies to beat the challenging situation. Moreover, the worldwide population relied substantially on technology to acquire life’s necessities due to the enacted quarantines. Such benefits make many people blindly accept the invention without caring about its effects on other fundamental aspects, such as the environment. Like any other facet, e-commerce exhibits both beneficial and harmful effects on the environment, thus requiring moderation. Positive Impacts of E-Commerce on the Environment Other than making people’s lives easier and fairer, e-commerce poses several beneficial effects on the environment. The following discussion reveals some of the invention’s paybacks about the surroundings. Transport Emissions The e-commerce business model operates differently from the traditional brick-and-mortar structure that requires vast parcels of land and a large workforce traveling to the offices every morning. Relying on the internet means that businesses selling items online requires a lesser number of stores or smaller size machine-intensive production units that can produce on-demand items (Gaffer, 2016). Therefore, the reduced need for land parcels implies a decrease in the natural ecosystem’s destruction, thus saving the environment. According to Collins (2021), transportation is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gases that harm the environment substantially. Therefore, having people work from home makes the e-commerce model beneficial to the environment by reducing harmful transportation emissions from commuter vehicles. Paper Waste Business records play a major role in organizations’ survival, leading to the storage of almost every activity’s details. Filling physical receipts, invoices, purchasing orders, permits, and other essential documents formed a crucial part of businesses’ operations prior to the e-commerce era. Some companies even set aside massive record stores to manage the aspect. Most of the papers used in storing such details, together with paper waste from packaging material, ended up in waste sites, leading to massive paper litter with immense effects on the environment. Additionally, relying on papers to conduct business implies cutting down trees and clearing forests to acquire indispensable writing materials. Therefore, e-commerce is highly beneficial to the environment due to its ability to eliminate paper reliance and waste from businesses. Digital Storage Lastly, e-commerce promotes digital storage while eliminating reliance on warehouses that require a large workforce and emissive machinery that harms the environment. Collins (2021) cheers on the creation of digital manufacturing tactics due to e-commerce as an effective environmental protection initiative. Businesses operating online mostly do not keep large stocks of products due to storage limitations. Consequently, the replacement of large environmentally unsafe traditional storage techniques with digital storage methods proves e-commerce’s benefits to the environment. Negative Impacts of E-Commerce on the Environment Transportation Emissions E-commerce promotes unregulated buying and excessive order volume relative to the traditional model of business. The matter pushes investors to acquire numerous delivery vehicles to meet the rising demand and urgency. Such machines mostly run on fossil fuels, thus causing excessive emissions that harm the environment (LaRosa, 2001). Collins (2021) observes that congestions caused by the numerous delivery vehicles lead to traffic that worse the emission problem. Consequently, the rigorous movement of vehicles as they deliver small and large orders to customers to meet urgent requirements significantly cancels the benefit realized through having workers work from home. Packaging The rise in consumer demand and the streamlining of supply chain mechanisms imply an increase in packaging waste. Escursell, Llorach-Massana, and Roncero (2021) note that almost all the items sold online have packaging material that becomes waste on reaching the consumer. Directives to recycle or reuse such material almost fail always due to consumers’ mentality that every demanded item is available online. The aspect thus leads to landfills and the presence of harmful plastic material along river beds and oceans, which affect the environment adversely. Item Returns Ordering items online from an e-commerce dealer without first interacting with the product as before promotes the item returns challenge. The returned products involve double transportation, handling, and possibly packaging, inferring a two-fold impact on the environment. This reveals special issues with e-commerce, as the problem is never common in the traditional model of doing business. Consequently, emissions from returning vehicles and the waste resulting from the handling and repackaging of items prove e-commerce is a real threat to the environment. Unemployment and Environmentally Unsafe Survival Tactics The E-commerce model’s requirement of a reduced workforce and excessive competition to the brick-and-mortar companies, leading to their closure, contributes directly to unemployment and environmental harm. According to Karine (2021), online operations in many developing economies worldwide push formerly employed populations to environmentally unfriendly survival tactics. Such activities cause much harm to the environment; therefore, the excessive pressure that online business causes on natural resources by supporting unsustainable demand makes the model’s sustainability questionable, thus the need for moderation. Models for Sustainable E-Commerce Not all business entities operating online assume environmentally harmful tactics. Some operators already employ eco-friendly means to promote sustainability and win customer preference. Nair (2017) reports that the rise in environment-conscious customers pushes some e-traders to act responsibly by adopting sustainable techniques to realize competitive benefits. The following discussion covers some examples of sustainable e-commerce models utilized by various businesses. Electric Vehicles for Deliveries The desire to meet the rising online demand pushes many companies to adopt all sorts of operations tactics, the most affordable ones, regardless of their effects on the environment. However, some environment-conscious e-businesses act responsibly by devising appropriate tactics to curb environmental harms related to the e-commerce model. The use of electric vehicles and machines, instead of fossil-fuel-dependent ones, forms a common option for e-commerce players seeking to conserve the environment (Schoder et al., 2016). Such firms acquire or replace the old model delivery vehicles and bikes with new ones running on clean energy, thus eliminating the emission problem. Ecofriendly Packaging The rise in consumer demand during the e-commerce era puts significant packaging pressure on businesses. Escursell, Llorach-Massana, and Roncero (2021) maintain that many online buyers want to get their ordered items immediately and undamaged, regardless of the supplier’s location. The matter forces investors to intensify their packaging efforts, often leading to the utilization of harmful plastics that end up in landfills and rivers. Escursell, Llorach-Massana, and Roncero (2021) link the increase in consumer demand during the digital age to the growth in waste volumes. However, Khedkar and Khedkar (2020) provide a solution to the e-commerce-born waste concerns by suggesting intensive research on biodegradable packaging material, which causes insignificant harm to the environment. Stark and Matuana (2021) description of eco-friendly (biodegradable) plastics provides a timely answer to the e-commerce-related dilemma. Therefore, advancements in research and the rise in consumer preferences towards environment-conscious online companies promote the adoption of eco-friendly packaging devices that stimulate the e-commerce model’s sustainability. Warehouse Establishment Close to Consumers Transporting commodities acquired online through e-commerce to consumers contributes to the highest environmental harm due to emissions. Accordingly, some environment-conscious investors already solve this matter by locating warehouses or miniaturized digital production sites next to consumers. The zoning marketing strategy works effectively in determining areas with large numbers of consumers, leading to the establishment of warehouses in such locations (Nair, 2019). Such a move reduces transportation distances, which cuts down transportation emissions related to e-commerce, promoting the model’s sustainability. Challenges of E-Commerce E-commerce acquires its main problem from the connection with the untamable internet, people’s untamed desires, and relationship to the world’s capitalism movement. The following work discusses some of the tech-based business model’s primary concerns. Customer Exploitation It is significantly hard to ensure responsibility among businesses operating online. The aspect exposes the global community to the inability to protect against consumer exploitation by unscrupulous investors pretending to offer the real product on the internet. Paul and Nikolaev (2021) refer to e-commerce as the new site for consumer exploitation and mistreatment due to e-commerce’s uncontrolled nature. Cases concerning public members buying items from ghost firms operating online confirm this challenge. Accordingly, unregulated e-commerce exposes consumers to abuse and manipulation, while some genuine brands suffer wrong publicity due to fraudsters’ defamation. Excessive Competition and Artificial Demand Creation The e-commerce business model exposes companies to unbearable competition, making the investment sector significantly unsustainable. Selling online involves a substantial cost that investors must cover when making sales to survive. This aspect affects enterprises differently, as those enjoying economies of scale often trod young investors depending on charged platforms to operate (Rosário and Raimundo, 2021). The stiff competition establishes an illegal monopoly, where large stable foreign firms silence local investors. Online businesses result in intensive marketing strategies, which creates artificial demands. Therefore, governments need to enact effective laws to regulate online companies to make the model sustainable. Data and Cyber Security Concerns Lastly, big data security problems and cyberattacks are critical results of e-commerce. Businesses acquiring items and selling online generate immense digital records worth protecting (Mafas and Jayabalan, 2019). The involvement of serious unchangeable personal data in e-commerce as consumers transact also generates highly sensitive data. Amazon’s big data challenge reveals the truth concerning these issues. Mafas and Jayabalan (2019) say that even organizations with enough finances to buy storage space to secure data generated through e-commerce transactions cannot manage the resultant traffic. The aspect coincides with Mafas and Jayabalan’s (2019) distress about the rising cyberattack cases on e-commerce agencies with big data. Consequently, e-commerce exhibits numerous challenges requiring solutions before the world can accept them fully. Conclusion It is clear that e-commerce has environmental benefits and demerits like any other innovation. Some of the e-commerce strengths include reducing transportation emissions, decreasing paper waste, and eliminating storage pressures. E-commerce helps business employees to work from home, thus eliminating the need to travel every day to their place of work. The situation resolves congestion and emission issues witnessed in many urban settings, which contribute to excessive volumes of greenhouse gases that harm the environment substantially. Moreover, paper waste elimination adds to the e-commerce model’s benefits. Transacting online allows businesses to process digital receipts and transaction records that do not require printing and physical delivery to consumers, who often treat them as litter. Therefore, paperless transactions maintain landfills empty, saving the environment from the paper-related population. Lastly, e-commerce eliminates large warehouse requirements as businesses result to producing on-demand items using tech-based manufacturing strategies. The three aspects reveal the e-commerce model’s viability, especially when effectively managed to curb the model’s related negativities. Negativities and challenges resulting from e-commerce constitute the model’s weaknesses and threats. For example, an increase in freight volumes due to e-commerce development contributes equally high transportation emissions, cancelling the benefit of having employees work from home. Similarly, supporting endless online consumption puts unsustainable pressure on natural resources while promoting packaging-related wasted. E-commerce’s tendency to remove brick-and-mortar businesses from the market contributes to employment, pushing people to survive on environmentally harmful activities. Other effects, such as exploiting consumers and lack of regulatory capability, further make the invention precarious. Reference List Collins C. (2021). Is e-commerce really sustainable?. Understanding its impact on the environment . Web. Escursell, S., Llorach-Massana, P. and Roncero, M.B. (2021) Sustainability in e-commerce packaging: A review . Journal of Cleaner Production , 280, p.124314. Web. Gaffer A.K. (2016) Electronic Commerce: A study on benefits and challenges in an emerging economy . Web. Karine, H.A.J.I. (2021) ‘ E-commerce development in rural and remote areas of BRICS countries ’. Journal of Integrative Agriculture , 20(4), pp.979-997. Web. Khedkar, D. and Khedkar, R. (2020) ‘ New innovations in food packaging in food industry ’. Emerging Technologies in Food Science , pp.165-185. Web. LaRose R. (2001) On the negative effects of e- commerce: A sociocognitive Exploration of Unregulated on- line buying . Web. Mafas, R. and Jayabalan, M. (2019) ‘ A study of the cryptographic technologies on big data privacy and security in E-Commerce ’. Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience , 16(8), pp.3587-3590. Web. Nair S K. (2017) Impact of e-commerce on global business and opportunities -A global concept . Web. Paul, H. and Nikolaev, A. (2021) ‘ Fake review detection on online E-commerce platforms: A systematic literature review ’. Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery , 35(5), pp.1830-1881. Web. Rosário, A. and Raimundo, R. (2021) ‘ Consumer marketing strategy and E-Commerce in the last decade: A literature review ’. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research , 16(7), pp.3003-3024. Web. Saeed, N., Bader, A., Al-Naffouri, T.Y. and Alouini, M.S. (2020) ‘ When wireless communication responds to COVID-19: Combating the pandemic and saving the economy ’. Frontiers in Communications and Networks , 1, p.566853. Web. Schoder, D. et al. (2016) The Impact of e-commerce development on urban logistics sustainability . Web. Stark, N.M. and Matuana, L.M. (2021) ‘ Trends in sustainable biobased packaging materials: A mini review ’. Materials Today Sustainability , 15, p.100084. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/e-commerce-and-the-environment/	267
Early Evolution of Parole in the US Essay (Book Review) In Chapter 3, there is a discussion on the early evolution of parole in the US, as well as its utilization in the current sentencing practices. Among the most critical points of the chapter is that recent studies show that inmates who tend to leave prisons without parole supervisions demonstrate higher failure indicators in comparison with ones released with parole requirements. Then, it is suggested that reinstated discretionary parole release is to be provided for an inmate, given solid pieces of evidence. Then, the authors assume that parole release decisions are to be made by a competent and proficient board. The latter should have particular guidelines and formally established principles that would make its functioning smooth and transparent. Overall, the content of this chapter is delivered clearly and precisely; however, there might be more elaboration on the crucial points, such as the operational process of the professional parole board. Chapter 4 depicts parole supervision – with an emphasis on how it distinguishes from parole release – in the framework of the related modern practices. According to this chapter’s content, once parolees arrive at the parole establishment in order to check-in, there are considerably different conditions if comparing with the ones before the 1980s. Here, the authors describe effective rehabilitation programs that are able to decrease recidivism within the given scope, as well as to be appropriate in financial terms. They assume that the mentioned programs should be the main focus of current research and policymakers’ initiatives. Nevertheless, despite the fact that these programs are described expediently, there could have been more retrospective that would justify them even to a greater extent, which would be a good foundation for the following chapters. References Barner, C. (2012). Social media and communication . Sage. Brownlie, D. (2012). Andragogy. Web. Cummings, J. N., Butler, B., & Kraut, R. (2014). The quality of online social relationships. Communications of the ACM, 45 (7), 103–108.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/early-evolution-of-parole-in-the-us/	268
Early Menopause and How to Treat Its Symptoms Essay Unfortunately, middle-aged women may run a risk of pathologic menopause. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account what specific features may aggravate the problem. The author of the post under consideration suggests that their patient with obesity and predisposition to breast cancer should take Metoprolol instead of Norvasc to illuminate the symptoms of premature menopause. Also, it would be of help to keep a diet and give up smoking. Such recommendations are bound to be efficient because they fully correspond to the patient’s needs. Admittedly, in case of menopause, a patient’s hormone levels and BMI are measured to find out whether there is a possibility of severe impairment. According to recent studies, “sex hormone levels after menopause are associated with women’s increased CVD risk later in life” (as cited in J Am Coll Cardiol, 2018, p. 2555–66). It sounds sensible that the patient under analysis should discontinue Norvasc intake because of its side effects, causing the risk of heart diseases in the long run because of reduced of motor activity. Being a beta-blocker, Metoprolol is sure to be an accurate decision for this particular case. However, the patient’s obesity status is better to be reconsidered before prescribing an exact diet. Banack and their team of researchers conducted a research, the results of which “demonstrate that a BMI cut-point of 30 kg/m 2 does not appear to be an appropriate indicator of true obesity status in post-menopausal women” (Banack et al., 2018). It means that fast weight loss can be useless and even harmful. The same concerns HRT application as the patient has a cancer predisposition. Doctors claim that “although less effective than HRT, SSRIs/SNRIs are demonstrated to reduce hot flashes and may be recommended for women who wish to avoid the risks of HRT” (Stubbs et al., 2017). Thus, HRT is not to recommend because it is generally believed to increase the risk of cancer. To sum it up, the author’s recommendations are likely to lead to a successful treatment of the symptoms of premature menopause. The suggestion to replace Norvasc with Metoprolol seems to be a reasonable decision. As far as HRT is concerned, it is of utmost importance to diminish the risk of cancer. That is why SSRIs/SNRIs may prove to be the right approach to hot flushes treatment. Still, the prescription of a diet should be reconsidered according to new data. References Banack, H. R., Wactawski-Wende, J., Hovey, K. M., & Stokes, A. (2018). Is BMI a valid measure of obesity in postmenopausal women? Menopause (New York, N.Y.) , 25 (3), 307–313. Web. Stubbs, C., Mattingly, L., Crawford, S. A., Wickersham, E. A., Brockhaus, J. L., & McCarthy, L. H. (2017). Do SSRIs and SNRIs reduce the frequency and/or severity of hot flashes in menopausal women. The Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical Association , 110 (5), 272–274. Web. Zhao, D., Guallar, E., Ouyang, P., Subramanya, V., Vaidya, D., Ndumele, C. E., Lima, J. A., Allison, M. A., Shah, S. J., Bertoni, A. G., Budoff, M. J., Post, W. S., & Michos E. D. (2018). Endogenous sex hormones and incident cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 71(22), 2255-2566. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/early-menopause-and-how-to-treat-its-symptoms/	269
Ecolab: Culture Merger Analysis Coursework Ecolab Inc. is a Minnesota-based corporation, which focuses on providing cleaning and hygiene products as well as water purification and treatment products. It was founded in 1923 by M. J. Osborn, and the current CEO is Christophe Beck. It operates in the industry of infection prevention, food safety, water management, and chemical service sectors. It is important to note that the company directly employs more than 50000 people, making it a large corporate entity. The company culture is highly hierarchic and highly structured, where the management encourages accountability, efficiency, and precision through a transactional leadership style. The fictitious company is FictComp LLC, which was established in 2010 by two Harvard students, and it manufactures water cleaning devices. It employs a small team of 20 people, and it was founded and currently operates in Minnesota as well. The organizational culture is fairly relaxed, innovative, effective, horizontal, and utilizes a transformational leadership style. Steps for unification: 1. Host a networking event 2. Establish a common work language 3. Host team building activities 4. Assign a representative of Ecolab at FictComp LLC 5. Conduct employee training sessions 6. Establish a support team for FictComp LLC 7. Build effective communication channels 8. Preserve innovative and relaxed elements of FictComp’s culture The networking event can be anything, which allows employees of both companies to network in order to learn about each other. Common work language will be predetermined, and it is needed to set boundaries of what language is acceptable. Team building activities will integrate key cultural elements of Ecolab into FictComp LLC. A representative manager of Ecolab at FictComp will ensure cultural integration monitoring, and employee training will address more formal elements of the merger. The support team will assist FictComp in situational or specific matters, and communication channels will allow employees to be closer to Ecolab. Preserving relaxed and innovative elements of the culture will eliminate the loss of company identity.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/ecolab-culture-merger-analysis/	270
Economic Globalization: Positive and Negative Sides Report Economic globalization is an inevitable process due to many reasons, but many people argue that it has a detrimental effect on the development of many countries or even the entire world. Nevertheless, globalization positively influences the evolution of human society at large, although some adverse effects are apparent (Wade, 2004). First, it is essential to understand the benefits of economic globalization to embrace it rather than try to oppose it. Undoubtedly, economic globalization enables people to trade more efficiently and effectively as they have access to diverse resources and markets. An entrepreneur in every part of the world can offer products and services to people from other continents with the help of technology. The abundance of ideas contributes to the creation of new products making people’s lives more comfortable (Sen, 2012). Individuals, companies, and countries can collaborate to conduct complex projects. However, such aspects as inequality are often raised in relation to economic globalization. It is argued that globalization is a manifestation of western imperialism as rich countries exploit the resources of developing countries (Sen, 2012). As a result, the opponents of globalization argue poor countries become even poorer. However, it is found that globalization is not directly linked to poverty and equality (Wade, 2004). Poor countries’ governments’ inability to cope with corruption and the lack of flexibility to adapt to new technological and cultural realms leads to inequality. Moreover, Sen (2012) stresses that emerging countries can and will also benefit from economic globalization if specific measures are undertaken. Thus, technologically advanced countries must be responsible in terms of using resources (supplied by developing countries), and developing countries must be committed to change and social stability within their boundaries (eliminating corruption and other issues). All in all, globalization can make all societies better and even contribute to the decrease in inequality globally. References Sen, A. (2012). How to judge globalism. In F. J. Lechner & J. Boli (Eds.), The globalization reader (pp. 16-21). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Wade, R. (2004). Is globalization reducing poverty and inequality? World Development, 32 (4), 567-589. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/economic-globalization-positive-and-negative-sides/	271
Economic, Productivity Growth, and Free Trade Essay Table of Contents 1. Economic Growth 2. Factors Contributing to Productivity Growth 3. Free Trade 4. References Economic Growth The article by Leach et al. (2021) deals with the considerations of economic growth as countries deal with the outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic. As the health crisis brought global economies to their knees, it was urgent to consider the ways in which economic development should be reconsidered. Specifically, countries must, on the one hand, consider pollical-economic conditions and, on the other, less structured processes that reflect uncertainty, complexity, and contingency (Leach et al., 2021). Issues arise in terms of the use of scientific advice and evidence in policy and inconsistencies in power relations. In addition, the established ways in which economies functioned before the pandemic were scrutinized by COVID-19, revealing the limitations of conventional economic growth models. New political forms should emerge to reshape the relation between citizens and countries when confronting healthcare crises, including those based on mutual care and solidarity (Leach et al., 2021). Therefore, the authors suggest that post-pandemic economic development must be radically transformative, inclusive, and egalitarian in terms of knowledge and related politics. Factors Contributing to Productivity Growth The article by Saleem et al. (2019) is closely connected to the topic of factors contributing to productivity growth as researchers explored the impact of innovation and total factor productivity in Pakistan’s economic environment. While the country’s economy has been undergoing several challenges, the influence of human capital, especially in terms of education, has been found to be positive and significant. This means that in order to drive productivity growth in the economy, countries must invest in increasing the significance and access to higher education (Saleem et al., 2019). Human capital development can facilitate improved financial development, leading to trade openness, which was also found to have positive significance. Therefore, a stable monetary condition is a background for the efficient market economy operation. To facilitate productivity growth in the economy, policymakers should incorporate macroeconomic policies conducive to growth, consider the importance of education and innovation, as well as financial sector development (Saleem et al., 2019). However, it is notable that long-term growth of productivity depends highly on the potential ability of a country to move up on the innovation scale to remain competitive worldwide. Free Trade The article by Mireles-Flores (2021) is unique in its approach for offering a methodological analysis of empirical studies on the effects of free trade and determining whether any of the available studies can be applied to guiding policy recommendations in real-world economics. The analysis showed that there was scientifically valid evidence that supported a wide generalization about the causal efficacy of free trade on economic gains. Moreover, the significant variability in research results means that they cannot be straightforwardly used to inform decisions on countries’ free trade policies. Thus, the study showed that empirical evidence developed and disseminated by economic researchers did not match the type of evidence that can be actually useful to policymakers. The majority of empirical economists studying free trade seemed to have awareness, to a certain extent, of their implicit assumptions and the associated constraints of applying them in real life (Mireles-Flores, 2021). For example, there are differences in the variables measuring trade liberalization, the variability in the assumptions about causal criteria, and the presentation of scientific results for protecting the general validity of conclusions, without tackling exceptions to the rule. References Leach, M., MacGregor, H., Scoones, I., & Wilkinson, A. (2021). Post-pandemic transformations: How and why COVID-19 requires us to rethink development. World Development, 138, 105233. Web. Mireles-Flores, L. (2021). The evidence for free trade and its background assumptions: How well-established causal generalisations can be useless for policy. Review of Political Economy, 2021, 1-30. Web. Saleem, H., Shahzad, M., Bilal Khan, M., & Khilji, B. A. (2019). Innovation, total factor productivity and economic growth in Pakistan: A policy perspective. Journal of Economic Structure, 8 (7). Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/economic-productivity-growth-and-free-trade/	272
Economically Feasible Mode of Transportation in The Foreseeable Future Essay Transportation plays a leading role in global logistics; at the moment, a digital revolution is taking place in this area, the speed of which is increasing due to the epidemic that has arisen in the world. Digitalization is the factor that opens up new opportunities in logistics such as acceleration, restructuring of the business model, provision of an expanded range of services. The speed of change is such that logistics does not have time to rebuild and entails disruption of the supply chain. The activity of transport companies consists in continuous cargo flow. In order to avoid the suspension of global cargo traffic, it is necessary to digitalize the five existing modes of transportation. Although it is difficult to imagine a completely new type of transportation in the foreseeable future, the impact of new technologies (especially of AI) on the Big Five opens up many logistics opportunities. The attributes of the Fourth Industrial Revolution – machine learning and artificial intelligence, big data and the Internet of Things – laid the foundation for a new approach to supply chain management – Supply Chain 4.0 (Klumpp & Zijm, 2019). The point of growth was the initial development of AI-based cargo routing technologies by companies. Supply chains consist of links; the company has many such logistics links: suppliers of components (raw materials), manufacturers, logistics companies, distributors, warehouses, carriers, retail chains, etc (Bowersox, 2019). The business efficiency of all participants in the supply chain depends on the speed of this exchange and the quality of the transmitted data. With the advent of the Supply Chain 4.0 era, the logistics of companies has become more predictable — facts, not a subjective vision of a person, have come to the fore (Klumpp & Zijm, 2019). Moreover, AI finds such interdependencies that a person cannot build, because there is no direct connection between the data, and the amount of data is huge. One of the most striking examples of the use of AI in the field of logistics is predictive analytics systems. The traditional approach to route planning is based on a limited number of factors that are largely static and do not take into account current changes. Using AI, the model can include data on traffic, weather, waiting time, loading and unloading speeds at specific points and at certain suppliers, the influence of specific company and customer personnel on the speed of delivery. Focusing on the data coming in real time, such a model will be able to build the optimal route with much higher accuracy and calculate the ideal delivery time. This means that at the same time it is possible to reduce costs and delivery times and increase customer satisfaction with quality service. At the moment, the global market is dominated by the unique model that looks like a combination of sales channels. The omnical model’s policy is set up so that the consumer should not feel the difference between an online store and an offline store (Wang et al., 2019). In this regard, the number of small orders is increasing, as well as the functions of stores that combine both a place to sell goods and a warehouse are changing. Therefore, it is vital for a logistics company to ensure timely delivery of goods, transparency of the supply chain, transparency of the product life cycle and the quality of services provided. To do this, new technologies are regularly applied to the Big Five supply chain management: drones and artificial intelligence. This digitalization allows the consumer to control the delivery process without leaving the home digital device, increasing confidence in the manufacturing company. Due to the use of new transportation technologies, the supply range is also increasing. For example, drones are able to transport cargo by air; since the absence of a pilot and other maintenance personnel facilitates border crossing, the range of supplies is expanding (Klumpp & Zijm, 2019). The introduction of smart roads, which represent a single concept that includes various technologies for managing ground transport, also creates conditions for the growth of supply ranges. They contain many elements that help to ensure a safer delivery of cargo in the shortest possible time in the most convenient way. Digitalization of the Big Five transportation modes has also had a significant impact on transportation cost. Robotics takes on responsibilities for the distribution of goods and the implementation of logistics supply chains. A variety of high-tech designs are able to replace people, which saves most of the money needed for salary payment. Even taking into account the maintenance of new technologies and the financing of their development, the resulting profit fully covers the additional costs of transportation. Modernization in terms of changing the Big Five transportation modes leads to a revolution in world trade. The observed trend of improving the existing methods of cargo transportation will lead to an expansion of cargo traffic and have a positive impact on all participants in the transportation process. At the current stage of technological development, new ways are designed to increase customer focus through the introduction of new technologies. Thus, the Big Five transportation modes will be used much more efficiently with the further development of artificial intelligence. References Bowersox, D. (2019). Supply chain logistics management. In D. Closs & M. B. Cooper (Eds.), Transportation (pp. 123-165). Columbus, OH: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Klumpp, M., & Zijm, H. (2019). Logistics innovation and social sustainability: How to prevent an artificial divide in human–computer interaction. Journal of Business of Logistics, 40 (3), 265-278. Wang, W., Asian, S., Wood, L. C., & Wang, B. (2019). Logistics innovation capability and its impacts on the supply chain risks in the industry 4.0 era. Modern Supply Chain Research and Applications, 2 (2), 83-93.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/economically-feasible-mode-of-transportation-in-the-foreseeable-future/	273
“Edges of the Rainbow”: Content and Purpose Essay (Book Review) “Edges of the Rainbow” was created by Michael Delsol and Haruku Shinozaki in 2017. It is a collection of photographs and personal stories of LGBT+Q community representatives from different parts of Japan. Michael Delsos is a French photographer who depicts the people connected with art creation, and his pictures are published in magazines and newspapers. He also participates in the exhibits where Delsol presents his work separately or with other photographers. Haruku Shinozaki is a journalist, and he explores the marginal communities and minorities in Japan, particularly LGBTQ+ community members. This book applies to a specific audience, such as social activists, representatives of minority groups, demographic researchers, and those who are interested to learn more about the experience of the marginal communities in Japan. The purpose of the work is to tell the audience about the experience of minorities in one of the most conformist and traditional countries in the world. The title of the book means the two different sides of the LGBTQ+ culture in Japan, implying that, on the one hand, it is a general topic that appears in books, shows, anime, the Japanese cartoons (Delsol & Shinozaki, 2017). On the other hand, underneath it, there is a certain amount of prejudice and conservatism, which is clearly depicted by the name “Edges of the Rainbow.” The confessions of the people whose stories are told on the pages of the book are intriguing and fascinating since, eventually, the person of different professions and class belonging can represent the LGBTQ+ community. Delsol and Shinozaki (2017) mention an Episcopal priest that from a very young age, was very religious and decided to hold services for the LGBTQ+ parishioners so they would have a safe space where they could embrace their spirituality. Another example is an initiative called akta that works to provide sexual education for people and spread awareness about HIV/AIDS prevention (Delsol, Shinozaki 2017). They also have literature and other informational resources on the LGBTQ+ topic and welcome queer people that seek help or assistance in any personal situation. People of different sexualities and genders are much more diverse than it demonstrates the typical stereotypes. One of the main thoughts of Delsol and Shinozaki (2017) is that society has the image of an LGBTQ+ person as someone extravagant in bright clothes and unusual appearance, but mostly they are regular people. This can be a priest from the local church, a school teacher, or a bus driver – they are all different, and each has unique history and personality. The aim of the book is to show the world the life of LGBTQ+ people and their way of self-representation in places where society is considered to be traditional or conservative towards the subject. The work dedicated to the difficulties of the life of minorities in a country with a strong traditional culture is a real protest. The lives of ordinary people captured in it with their difficulties teach us to be more tolerant of others because severe pain can be hidden behind a smiling mask. Although the inner strength of the stories told, “Edges of the Rainbow” cannot teach us what to do to improve the situation of these people in a global sense. “Edges of the Rainbow” fits into the ASAN 201 concept as it also helps to understand Asian culture through a multidisciplinary approach, depicting the social side of the question. Despite the provocative theme, the authors describe life with honor and dignity, as it should be in Japanese culture. According to Delsol and Shinozaki (2017), the book lifts the veil of the world, which was previously not customary talked about. One thing is clear: this work has made a significant contribution to efforts to improve a lot of minorities and talk about a topic that has long been taboo in Japanese society. Reference Delsol M. & Shinozaki, H. (2017). Edges of the rainbow: LGBTQ Japan . The New Press.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/edges-of-the-rainbow-content-and-purpose/	274
Edible Insects as a Source of Protein Essay Introduction Due to rising meat consumption and decreasing farmland supply, creating alternate protein sources is pressing. According to Van Huis (2015), food security occurs when all populations have physical, societal, and financial access to adequate, secure, and healthier meals to suit their dietary requirements for an active lifestyle at all times. Globally, meat consumption is anticipated to rise by 76% between 2005/2007 and 2050 (Van Huis, 2015). Therefore, alternate protein supplements, such as duckweed, seaweed, and cultured meat and insects, would represent a dietary adjustment. This paper aims to critically analyze the various sources of meat and their biochemical compositions. Additionally, the essay highlights the advantages and limitations of edible insects as a source of protein. Sources of Meat and Their Basic Composition The various sources of meat, as discussed herein, including beef, fish, pork, and poultry. Beef is the flesh of cattle, Bos taurus, and is classified as red meat. It refers to mammalian meat that contains more iron than fish or chicken (Michael et al., 2019). Beef is mostly protein with various quantities of fat. Animal protein is often of excellent quality, including all nine necessary amino acids required for proper bodily development and enhancement. Beef includes a range of fats, generally known as beef tallow. Water, protein, fat, and ash are the four primary elements of fish’s edible parts. Liquids serve as a conduit for the movement of nutrients and molecules, with water constituting the majority of these fluids. Lipids are mostly composed of triacylglycerol and phosphoglycerides in fish muscle, both of which include nonesterified fatty acids (Kiczorowska et al., 2019). Protein is the second most prevalent element in fish myocytes, often ranging between 16 and 18% (Kiczorowska et al., 2019). The eating patterns and reproductive cycle affect the protein content of fish tissues. Pork is the household pig’s (Sus domesticus) meat, and just like all meat, pork is primarily composed of protein. When dry, lean pork has a protein concentration of up to 89%, making it one of the most protein-dense foods available (Adamczak et al., 2018). Like other classifications of red meat, pork is mainly comprised of saturated and unsaturated fats in roughly equal proportions, thus an important protein source. The bulk composition of poultry flesh comprises copper, fat, water, iron, phosphorus, protein, and other nutrients necessary for proper digestion. Cooked poultry flesh contains between 25% and 30% protein, contingent on the section of the carcasses and the cooking process (Gumułka & Połtowicz, 2020). Poultry flesh is very protein-dense and is often recognized as a substantial source of high-quality protein and has more protein than red meat. Examples of Other Sources of Meat Venison Other illustrations of where meat can be obtained include venison and chicken. Venison is a phrase that relates to deer meat, which is a type of red meat. Venison is an excellent source of zinc and includes trace levels of the majority of other micronutrients. This meat is a high-protein meal with a reduced fat and calorie content and B vitamins (Nagy et al., 2019). Venison meat is derived from mammals that can graze naturally in their native habitat. Chicken contains high-value proteins, including all nine necessary amino acids present in animal-derived foods. Without the covering, chicken is one of the leanest meats, particularly the breast, with a fat level of roughly 2% (Chmiel et al., 2019). In addition, chicken flesh contains vitamins majorly from the B complex, including niacin (Chmiel et al., 2019). These vitamins are essential for the body’s sugar and fat processing, including the well-being of cells. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Insects as a Protein Source The nutritional benefits of insects vary according to food, growth level, gender, breed, habitat of existence, and assessment techniques. On average, edible insects have 35%–60% protein by dry weight or 10%–25% protein by fresh weight, greater than plant protein sources such as wheat, soybeans, and lentils (Kim et al., 2019). Insects supply more protein than meat and chicken eggs at the top end. Orthoptera edible insects, such as crickets, grasshoppers, and locusts, are highly protein-dense. Additionally, societies that eat insects tend to link them with a variety of health advantages in addition to their nutritional value. For instance, caterpillar fungus possesses immunostimulatory and anticancer effects (Kim et al., 2019). Numerous investigations of insect enzymatic hydrolysates have shown that they possess antioxidant and anti-diabetic characteristics, as well as the potential to suppress angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) (Kim et al., 2019). Therefore, the medicinal importance of insects cannot be underestimated: thus, more research should be undertaken to uncover other clinical values fully. While insects are ingested in many regions of the world, this does not exclude them from causing allergic reactions. Their eating should be examined by those sensitive to crustaceans since some research indicates that insects may induce similar anaphylactic reactions (Liceaga, 2021). In animal species, insects and crustaceans are classified as arthropods. Additionally, certain species of ants and bees carry poisons that may be lethal when consumed. Liceaga (2021) enumerated that the metabolic steroid content of specific beetle species is harmful to human health. As such, their excessive intake might result in health problems. There is a minor elevated risk of lead or arsenic contamination when insects are consumed. Conclusion In conclusion, entomophagy may hold the key to resolving the world’s growing food security crisis. For example, insects have more protein than meat and chicken eggs, making them healthier. However, despite their therapeutic and nutritional advantages, excessive consumption of some species may cause health concerns since several species possess poison that is fatal when eaten. Therefore, due to the enormous health benefits associated with the consumption of insects, nations must adopt insect farming to provide an alternative source of proteins for their citizens. References Adamczak, L., Chmiel, M., Florowski, T., Pietrzak, D., Witkowski, M., & Barczak, T. (2018). Using density measurement on semispinalis capitis as a tool to determinate the composition of pork meat. Food Analytical Methods , 11 (6), 1728-1734. Web. Chmiel, M., Roszko, M., Adamczak, L., Florowski, T., & Pietrzak, D. (2019). Influence of storage and packaging method on chicken breast meat chemical composition and fat oxidation. Poultry Science , 98 (6), 2679-2690. Web. Gumułka, M., & Połtowicz, K. (2020). Comparison of carcass traits and meat quality of intensively reared geese from a Polish genetic resource flock to those of commercial hybrids. Poultry Science , 99 (2), 839-847. Kiczorowska, B., Samolińska, W., Grela, E. R., & Bik-Małodzińska, M. (2019). Nutrient and mineral profile of chosen fresh and smoked fish. Nutrients , 11 (7), 1448. Web. Kim, T. K., Yong, H. I., Kim, Y. B., Kim, H. W., & Choi, Y. S. (2019). Edible insects as a protein source: a review of public perception, processing technology, and research trends. Food Science of Animal Resources , 39 (4), 521-540. Web. Liceaga, A. M. (2021). Processing insects for use in the food and feed industry. Current Opinion in Insect Science , 48 , 32-36. Web. Michael, J. D., Baruselli, P. S., & Campanile, G. (2019). Influence of nutrition, body condition, and metabolic status on reproduction in female beef cattle: A review. Theriogenology , 125 , 277-284. Web. Nagy, J., Szabó, A., Donkó, T., Bokor, J., Romvári, R., Repa, I., Horn, P., & Fébel, H. (2019). Body composition and venison quality of farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) hinds reared on grass, papilionaceous or mixed pasture paddocks. Archives Animal Breeding , 62 (1), 227-239. Web. Van Huis, A. (2015). Edible insects contributing to food security? Agriculture & Food Security , 4 (1), 1-9. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/edible-insects-as-a-source-of-protein/	275
Effective and Ineffective Supervisor Coursework Supervision is a process of knowledge exchange, social experience, and psychological support received by trainees in work, career, and professional development. It includes informal communication, usually between two people, over a long period, between an employee who has a large amount of relevant knowledge, wisdom, or experience, and an employee or student who has these qualities to a lesser extent. In this regard, the supervisors must have particular traits and specific demeanor to succeed in their activities. One of the essential personality traits of a supervisor that makes him the ideal professional is adaptability. Nowadays, almost everything is changing – science is developing by leaps and bounds, new technologies are being introduced every day, approaches to how students need to learn and how teachers need to convey information are changing. In such an environment, the supervisor must be flexible and open to new ideas and knowledge to meet ever-increasing demands. Davis (2020) notes that especially important are such human qualities of a supervisor as humanity, kindness, patience, decency, honesty, responsibility, fairness, commitment, emotional balance, and self-criticism, which become professionally significant prerequisites for creating favorable supervision relationships. The ideal supervisor is distinguished by the manner of communication. The ability to build effective and friendly communication is one of the most significant aspects of perfect supervisors who will never raise their voice or overstep the boundaries of what is acceptable in communicating with students. Beckett (2020) asserts that the supervisor must structure the work experience, transfer it to the young specialist, and clearly and consistently state the necessary information and comments on the trainee’s work data. Moreover, ideal supervisors should be leaders because they are not just teaching, but directing their students in the right direction, setting a good example, and encouraging. Only such a supervisor can earn credibility and become a professional who will be grateful for hundreds of students. It is also essential to have a desire to be a supervisor. Otherwise, it will be perceived as an additional burden, which sooner or later will affect the quality. The supervisor is required to have a sincere commitment to helping the wards, and not just from time to time to evaluate the results of their work. Supervisors have a set of functions and responsibilities, the successful implementation of which makes them the ideal professional. According to Corey et al. (2020), these include maintaining and encouraging student learning, transferring organizational knowledge, values, standards, and norms, and developing students’ positive work attitudes and corporate spirit. Moreover, a vital aspect of the supervisor’s activities is identifying problem areas in the student’s professional training and studying these points. Thus, based on the above characteristics of an ideal supervisor, a portrait of an ineffective supervisor can be drawn up. The traits of such an employee are partiality, inability, and unwillingness to perceive another point of view, different from his own, irresponsibility, incontinence in communication, demonstration of personal superiority, and indifference to the profession. Moreover, ineffective supervisors cannot communicate as they expect others to read their minds and meet their unspecified expectations. In other cases, they are incredibly boring to listen to when they try to communicate and convey their message to students. Moreover, such specialists love to criticize and, more importantly, they rarely praise students. The personality of the supervisor plays a crucial role in the successful or negative adaptation of students or new employees. Supervisors must not only have the appropriate skills, knowledge or experience, but also be able to communicate them correctly and on time to students and new employees. Therefore, not every person is capable of performing the functions of a supervisor. In addition to excellent proficiency in occupational skills, supervisors must possess versatile knowledge, be carriers of the key values of corporate culture, as well as have several personal qualities and a particular model of behavior. References Beckett, C. (2020). Supervision: A guide for the helping professions. SAGE Publications. Corey, G., Haynes, R., Moulton, P. & Muratori, M. (2020). Clinical supervision in the helping professions. Wiley. Davis, D. (2020). The ideal supervisor from the candidate’s perspective: What qualities do students actually want?, Journal of Further and Higher Education, 44 (9), 1220-1232.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/effective-and-ineffective-supervisor/	276
Effectivity and Productivity of Coworking Space Essay The following project proposal considers a number of factors that makes a coworking space effective and productive through the means of design choices. In order to create a space that adheres to the values of the company and to the needs of its employees, certain features were thoroughly considered and integrated into the final design. These include the safety, health, and wellbeing of the employees, the elimination of social, environmental, and community issues, and the inclusion of appropriate spatial and design elements. As a result, certain components such as health and safety prioritization, adaptability, and sustainability were chosen as thematic guides for the project. Sustainability and health-related changes mainly affect the environmental aspects of the working space, while adaptability responds to concerns over social and communal conflicts. There are a myriad of features that can distinguish an effective co-working space from a dysfunctional one, but only four core characteristics are really necessary. First, the space must be inhabited by a community with either a like-minded purpose or attitude. While this is not a direct facet that can be controlled by interior design, the appearance of a space is likely to attract individuals that are more responsive to it. As such, a community found within a co-working space with an appealing yet productive appearance is more likely to function in a way that adheres to their overarching goals and ideals. Second, hospitality is integral to creating a space that values the wellbeing of those inside it. Similarly, while design does not directly create hospitality, the presence of better lighting, friendlier colors, or non-claustrophobic spaces is likely to instill a more engaging atmosphere. Third, the space must be primarily designed to uphold certain facilities, such as specialized equipment or work spaces for certain professional operations. Fourth, business is essential not only for the main purpose of conducting production but also in the maintenance and correct workflow of the space. A number of factors within the design of a workspace can impact the health, safety, and wellbeing of employees. In order to maintain the health of those inhabiting such spaces, it is essential that a designer consider the things that usually cause a drawback on the wellbeing of employees. Though some changes may seem small, they may have a large impact on the physical health of those working in these spaces. For instance, making a staircase more accessible and easy to reach can encourage employees to take the stairs instead of an elevator for additional exercise (Kohll, 2019). It is also essential to consider mental well-being, as employees will spend a significant amount of time within the designed space. A primary concern is the lack of natural light, which has been linked to decreased physical, psychological health, and energy. The safety of the space’s inhabitants is also incredibly important as even non-hazardous workplaces may cause issues in the health of employees. Some common issues found within office spaces include poor posture as a result of seating and lack of good air quality. As such, the design of the space must account for ergonomic seating and working spaces as well as ventilation that will be appropriate for a given area. In the case of co-working spaces, social issues can often stem from concerns regarding privacy, hierarchy, and personal necessities. Certain working spaces do not allow for employees to remove themselves from busy environments in order to be productive or require spaces to remain non-individualized. Similarly, certain working spaces make stratification of employees distinct through design, creating a sense of disbalance and inequality (Vijay, n.d.). As such, it is vital that co-working spaces are designed in ways that permit both collaborative and individual work. This can be achieved through the introduction of open spaces or conference rooms as well as work spaces that are isolated from main areas which are usually used for breaks or loud work. Cubicles are largely ineffective and more modern individualized work spaces are suggested, such as the placement of worktables or labs in more remote and quiet locations. If any distinctions are made between the workpaces of employees and managerial or administrative staff, they should not compromise on the comfort and visual quality of the employee work spaces. In an effort to make an office more environmentally conscious it is essential to consider the sustainability of its functions. Much of the detriment that working spaces cause to the environment currently are the result of the ease with which inferior but cheaper products are utilized and then discarded. As such, a design space that aims to curb such an issue will implement items, concepts, and functions that are sustainable, maintainable, and directly environmentally friendly. Some initial design changes can include the use of materials that are created through a process that itself is not damaging to the environment. Both these materials and any other pieces installed in the offices should be sustainable and with an adequate life span. Essentially, not having to replace items, furniture, or other elements contributes to its sustainability and the environmentally conscious aspects of the work space. Community components within working spaces are often centered around aspects of culture and branding. Culture refers both to the attitudes and values upheld by a company, multiculturalism, and diversity. Clashes between a number of these facets are not uncommon, but they often are caused by the lack of certain features within the physical design of a workspace as much as the social and political functions of it. As such, in the case that the design or space does correspond to the needs of certain employees, it is important to introduce adaptability. In fact, the initial creation of the space must be susceptible to any later changes. Work conditions or flows may change, certain employees may leave while others may join, and other changes are unavoidable. As such, the design of the physical space must contribute to any necessary change, especially in accordance to the community inhabiting it. This can often manifest as multifunctional items, mobility, and the consideration of local cultural norms (Chang et al., 2017). Similarly, branding is essential in making the space unique and creating a company identity among the community associated with it. The design proposal considers all the aforementioned concepts within its creation while incorporating it into spatial planning and design elements. The project prioritizes open, but strategically organized spaces that make use of natural light, adequate ventilation, and the reduction of noise pollution. Elements that will be commonly seen within the research include organic, ergonomic, and appropriate furniture, tools, and other components. Similarly, multi functionality and sustainability is important in order to promote adaptability, environmental consciousness, and community prioritization. Materials and equipment were chosen based on their negative or positive impact on the environment. Certain other essentials, especially those that are usually disposable, were replaced with more sustainable or recyclable options where possible. The larger features of the design, or those that are expected to be in use frequently, also utilize mobility where possible in order to allow employees the option to individualize or increase the comfort of a work space. In conclusion, many modern design spaces createthe general appeal of the physical appearance and the functionality of a space for its original intended purpose, but it is also vital to encourage changes that facilitate other benefits. As such, this design project attempts to introduce these new features in a seamless and beneficial way. References Chang, H., Darrin, D., Weeks, L. (2017). 3 tips for designing workplaces that support culture, brand, and community . Building Design and Construction. Web. Kohll, A. (2019). How Your Office Space Impacts Employee Well-Being . Forbes. Web. Vijay, H. K. (n.d.). Design Thinking for Social Problems: A less traversed path. Rethinking the Future . Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/effectivity-and-productivity-of-coworking-space/	277
Effects of Invasive Species on the Agriculture Industry Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Statement of Problem 2. Proposed Solution 3. Methods 4. Scope 5. My Qualifications 6. Conclusion 7. References Maintaining a uniformly favorable environment for plants in the agriculture sector is a vital requirement. However, due to the frequent emergence of invasive species, ensuring that cultivated plants receive the required amount of resources is exceptionally complicated (Fleming et al, 2017). Moreover, invasive species often pose a massive threat to eh very existence of crops (Thorlakson et al., 2018). Therefore, a strategy aimed at removing invasive species from the target agricultural setting is needed. Developing the framework involving a quick identification of an invasive species and a prompt response to it is expected to allow resolving the problem of invasive species in agriculture. Statement of Problem Having been transferred to the global level, the agriculture industry has become open to multiple threats. The problem of invasive species is one of the major concerns presently. By definition, invasive species are “alien species that, when introduced, become established and harm human and environmental values” (Fleming et al, 2017, p. 524). Lately, the effects of invasive species on agriculture and, therefore, the opportunities faced by SMEs in the agriculture sector, have been devastating, partially, due to the use of GMO products (Thorlakson et al., 2018). Therefore, a solution to the current crisis needs to be proposed. Proposed Solution In order to manage the current increase in the detrimental effects of invasive species on agriculture and, particularly, the performance of SMEs, one should consider introducing a better system for detecting the presence of a threat. Specifically, the tool in question will have to be based not only on the system allowing the prompt identification of invasive species in the target setting, but also a framework for effective communication. By introducing an approach rooted in the use of innovative technology to amplify the efficacy of threat identification and interdisciplinary cooperation, thus, improving communication quality, one will be able to address the problem of invasive species as the key factor hindering the performance of businesses in the agricultural industry. Methods To conduct the study in question, the mixed method research will be used as the principal methodological tool. Namely, apart from the quantitative assessment of the efficacy of the proposed solution, qualitative data concerning the usability of the proposed tools will have to be obtained from research participants. Additionally, given the need to observe the research results for an extended amount of time, the application of the longitudinal study design will have to be considered. Additionally, the study will incorporate information from secondary sources on the subject matter, including academic peer-reviewed articles and government-issued reports on the problem of invasive species and their effects on agriculture and companies operating in the industry. Scope The study will seek to adders the areas of inquiry such as business and economy, leadership and management, and environmentalism. My Qualifications Having an academic background in Natural Sciences and experience in business and management, I am fairly qualified to address the issue at hand. Specifically, my current qualifications will allow me to perform a study assessing the effects of the proposed intervention on the business performance of companies in the agricultural industry. Conclusion The problem of invasive species in agriculture has gained major significance for multiple companies working in the specified area, which is why introducing a tool for monitoring the presence and impact of invasive species is vital. By conducting a study that assesses the impact of the proposed tool on the management of the invasive species’ effects, one will be able to introduce an improvement. As a result, SMEs will have a chance of succeeding in the agricultural industry. References Fleming, P. J., Ballard, G., Reid, N. C., & Tracey, J. P. (2017). Invasive species and their impacts on agri-ecosystems: issues and solutions for restoring ecosystem processes. The Rangeland Journal, 39 (6), 523-535. Web. Thorlakson, T., Hainmueller, J., & Lambin, E. F. (2018). Improving environmental practices in agricultural supply chains: The role of company-led standards. Global Environmental Change, 48 , 32-42. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/effects-of-invasive-species-on-the-agriculture-industry/	278
Elon Mask: Biography and Main Virtues Essay Elon Musk is one of the smartest and wealthiest people on the planet. The engineer is considered the genius of the modern world. Musk achieved everything himself through hard work. Despite a difficult childhood, he stubbornly went forward and reached great heights. The primary mission of the Mask is to help humanity and improve all areas of life. His main virtues are his desire to work and create something new, listening to criticism, not being afraid of risks, and achieving great goals other people would not understand. Elon Musk faced many difficulties on the way to his current status, but this did not stop him. He started working at an early age, and at the age of 12, he created his first video game. Currently, the engineer works about 80 hours a week and follows the development of his two companies, which is admirable. Musk believes that working harder than others is the most critical key to success because life is short, and a person must do everything possible for a successful existence (Fernholz 16). He maintains that the ability to work should be so high as to achieve what some take years to complete in months. However, Musk says that not everything depends on performance (Higgins 35). The most important is the organization of hard work to achieve results. Musk works hard and does things that are different from many others. He believes that his competition in the market is less this way, and his constant work pays off better (Higgins 35). The engineer focuses on creating innovative technologies with a small number of these products. Additionally, his ability to work depends on his passion for his work. If a person hates his job, he will never achieve high results and will quickly give up. Elon Musk entered the engineering industry with innovations initially not accepted by society (Musk 57). As a result, he almost went bankrupt but could avoid it through hard work. Thus, he listened to the criticism, understood his risks, and successfully coped with them. Despite earning money from his first projects, Elon Musk wanted more recognition for his technologies. In this regard, he was not afraid to take risks and sell his first companies for the sake of the new SpaceX and Tesla, which subsequently entered the world market. However, Musk’s ideas were initially on the verge of collapse, and he understood his risk when entering the market with new products. His ability to take responsibility even in such difficult moments is admirable. Elon Musk did not give up because of the initial failure of the company and put all his savings into the cause. It was a significant risk, as the entrepreneur did not know if his investment would pay off. However, at the same time, he advises taking on such responsibility at a younger age, when a person does not have to feed his family. At an older age, risk should be calculated more carefully, and savings should be left in case of failure. This approach causes respect for a person and highlights positive qualities in him. Additionally, Elon Musk’s risks were justified because he constantly asked for criticism, which he listened to carefully. Even though many people, including entrepreneurs, want to hear praise, Musk chose a different way to reap the benefits. In his opinion, criticism helps a person see his weaknesses and develop them. The complaint can be why a person stops believing in himself; nevertheless, Elon Musk could process a negative assessment into a catalyst for new ideas and tasks. He asked friends and investors not about positive experiences with his products but the negative feedback (Muegge and Reid 9). In addition, Musk clarified all the feedback from his customers, which helped him improve the business. Thus, he always thinks about big goals, consisting of small feedback. Elon Musk’s ambitions are extraordinarily high and admirable. His desire to colonize Mars is not only a dream, but he is working hard toward it. His plans include the first human landing on Mars within ten years. Even though many people ridicule him for ambitions that they cannot achieve, Musk continues his work. Even if his company fails to achieve this goal, it will progress more than similar organizations with smaller goals. Elon Musk believes that the more time a person has and the smaller his plan, the weaker progress he will achieve. This approach is admirable since the engineer does not buy time and justify his inaction. Thus, Musk continues to work, ignoring ridicule from the outside. At the same time, he always treats negative statements with respect and does not enter into controversy. As a result, Elon Musk achieved big goals, allowing him to become one of the wealthiest and most successful. Musk is admired for the many positive traits he brings to his work. First of all, he works hard despite the difficulties he faces. He constantly creates something new to improve humankind’s life and contributes considerably to technical innovation. He is thriving and famous since he always steadfastly accepts criticism and listens to every negative review. Moreover, he takes responsibility for his actions and understands that every risk can lead to the collapse of both companies. One of their main features of Musk is a global goal, which he seeks to achieve by all available means. Works Cited Fernholz, Tim. Rocket billionaires: Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, and the new space race . Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2018. Higgins, Tim. Power Play: Tesla, Elon Musk, and the Bet of the Century . Doubleday, 2021. Muegge, Steven, and Ewan Reid. “Elon Musk and SpaceX: A Case Study of Entrepreneuring as Emancipation.” Technology Innovation Management Review, vol. 9, no. 8, 2019. pp. 7-12. Musk, Elon. Elon Musk Biography . Advameg, Inc., 2021.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/elon-mask-biography-and-main-virtues/	279
Emory Upton in the Battle of Columbus in the Civil War Report Introduction The Battle of Gettysburg in 1863 is considered a turning point in the American Civil War. The following year, the main leitmotif of the North’s military campaign was an attempt to stiffen Confederate defenses on all fronts and, if not to defeat them in a decisive battle, at least to deplete the South’s living and material resources and destroy its economy. Nevertheless, the Confederacy was not yet broken and was unwilling to admit defeat. In May 1864, the enemies met again at the Spotsylvania settlement, a series of cabins made strategically important by their proximity to the crossroads. Yankee Blitzkrieg. Wilson’s Raid Through Alabama and Georgia Review The book Yankee Blitzkrieg. Wilson’s Raid Through Alabama and Georgia explores primarily the U.S. Civil War, highlighting significant figures and battles for one side or the other. One of these generals, reviewed and studied in this book, is Emory Upton, who made a tremendous contribution to the war effort (Jones, 2021). The book analyzes every action and decision the general made, step by step, and focuses on the battle of 1864, where Emory created a whole new type of offensive. Methods In order to understand Upton’s contribution to the development of strategy and combat tactics, it is necessary to pay attention to what factors he considered significant. From the text of the book and the general’s own reasoning, it can be seen that Emory Upton considered two factors to be fundamental to success on the battlefield. It is namely the number of soldiers and time in terms of the amount of it in the enemies (Jones, 2021). From this point of view it is necessary to conduct a detailed analysis of his strategy, and to identify the reasons for the failure of the most significant battle in the history of the general. Results of Findings Then, it was decided to throw units of General Governor Warren’s 5th Corps in support of Upton. Once again the choice proved unsuccessful, Warren’s men had already participated in a hopeless attack a few hours earlier that had ended in profuse bloodshed. The order to attack Confederate positions did not excite the troops (Jones, 2021). The soldiers were reluctant to advance, but when they entered a field littered with blue uniforms, they turned back and quietly occupied their trenches. It was at that moment that the fate of Upton’s men was decided. Taking advantage of the confusion among the Federals, the Southerners moved three infantry brigades to the site of the breach. Deployed in lines, the Confederates advanced on three sides toward the plucky colonel’s position. Fortified in the trenches, the Federals fought off fierce enemy attacks for hours, hoping in vain that backup was imminent. Upton simply could not believe that everything had gone to waste and that the successful breakthrough would end in nothing. Nevertheless, the Confederates succeeded in breaking the resistance of the irrepressible Yankees. The Federals lost more than a thousand soldiers, Colonel Upton himself was wounded, and was eventually forced to order a retreat (Jones, 2021). Keeping order, the shot regiments of Northerners left the dead-covered trenches and returned to their original positions, bringing several hundred prisoners with them. Upton’s Strategy Research Before the attack, Upton decided to inspect the formation to determine the weaknesses of the opponent and to determine which vector to take. Ultimately, the officer concluded that the main objective was to break through the fortifications, since the situation did not allow for bypassing or outmaneuvering them. It should be noted that the positions of the opponents were better fortified than usual, which made the task much more difficult. Then Emory Upton decided that a classic attack would be defeated by musket-wielding detachments. Then the general decided to divide the troops into four sections so that each had a width of three. At that time, the advancing infantry often lost formation and the attackers mingled into one unruly crowd. The general decided to deal with this problem not in the classic way through training, but by stealth. He gave each squad a tactical assignment that prevented soldiers from mixing among themselves and disrupting the strategic formation (Jones, 2021). After the breakthrough, the 121st New York and 96th Pennsylvania Regiments would deploy to the right and capture an artillery battery, while the 5th Maine would deploy to the left, extending the breakthrough area (Jones, 2021, p.88). The 2nd and 3rd attacking lines would enter the breach, while Vermont regiments would remain behind and act based on the situation. One point Upton stressed was that officers had been ordered not to allow soldiers to stop, even to help the wounded. Notably, Upton’s regiment was tasked with breaking through enemy fortifications. At the beginning of the battle, Upton’s detachment came out of the woods and was immediately hit by a musket volley. Without stopping, the attackers rushed forward, crossed the open space in a minute, and rushed the fortifications. The barrage broke their line, then they were hit by the second volley, but did not stop, and the fight in the fortifications began (Fitzpatrick, 2017). The second wave of attackers broke through the line and the regiments began to turn left and right, widening the breach. So Upton’s objective was accomplished and the fortifications were destroyed. The remaining regiments immediately continued their advance, suffering fewer casualties because the musketry was destroyed or scattered. However, the plan was thwarted and could not be executed to the end, resulting in defeat. Upton accomplished his mission – he broke through the enemy’s fortifications and waited for Mott’s advance, not yet knowing that he would not be there. Meanwhile, the Southerners moved to counterattack, pushing their positions back (Fitzpatrick, 2017). Upton’s entire plan was based on the idea that additional units would be brought into the breach, but Mott’s attack was repulsed, and General Wright did not know how to proceed. Although the attack resulted in defeat, one cannot overlook Upton’s enormous contribution to infantry strategy. The fact is that such an attack alarmed enemy generals, who began to develop defenses against such attacks. Upton’s actions were extremely effective against infantry fortifications, which were very popular in ground strategies (Fitzpatrick, 2017). Thus, the general’s main contribution consists of new insights into the fight against defenses and barrier units. His actions forced modern generals to reconsider both defense positions and attack capabilities (Fitzpatrick, 2017). In addition, tactical decisions at the time were made on the battlefield rather than analyzed afterward. With this in mind, Upton introduced the concept of unpredictable troops, that is, actions on the part of the enemy that cannot be predicted. While on the front lines, the commander of the 2nd Infantry Brigade, Emory Upton, watched the battle intently. In spite of his youth, Upton was considered an experienced serviceman: just before the war he graduated from West Point, began his service as a second lieutenant in the artillery, advanced quickly because of his ability and scientific mindset, and at Gettysburg was already in command of an infantry brigade (Jones, 2021). Upton suggested to General Grant, commander of the Army of the Potomac, that he abandoned the satchel and break the Confederate positions with a massive infantry attack on a narrow section of the front. The attack was directed at the weakest part of the enemy’s trenches, which due to their configuration became known as the Horseshoe of the Mule (Jones, 2021). The offensive was to be carried out by twelve reliable infantry regiments, arranged in a powerful assault column of four successive lines (Jones, 2021). The attack was to be conducted at an accelerated pace, turning into a run, while the personnel were strictly forbidden to stop and get involved in a firefight with the enemy. Knowing that no one would follow instructions in combat, Upton made sure the soldiers, while loading their rifles, did not put the primer on the breechblock spigot. An exception was made only for the first line. At about six o’clock in the evening of May 10, 1864, 5,000 blue uniforms, in four battle lines, like a devil out of a snuffbox, emerged from the woods and, issuing a belligerent roar, rushed toward the enemy’s positions (Jones, 2021, p.74). The Confederates were experienced soldiers and were not the least bit confused. As they drew the enemy closer, they fired a powerful salvo that swept away the first wave of attackers. While the greys reloaded their weapons, a second wave reached the fortifications, almost unhindered. The Federals jumped up on the bulwark and fired a killing salvo at the enemy at point-blank range (Jones, 2021). The surviving Southerners had already been bayoneted from top to bottom, like harpoons. General Doles’ three Confederate regiments, manned by Georgia natives, were almost entirely dead in their positions. The blue uniforms were able to take a fairly wide swath of terrain at once. Fortified in the trenches and deployed lines to the right and left, the Yankees began mowing down Confederate units with longitudinal fire. At the Battle of Gettysburg, the division was caught in a meat grinder and exsanguinated (Jones, 2021). Since then, the personnel never recovered from the shock. Besides, the soldiers were nearing the end of their contracts and no one was burning to take a bullet in their last days. Mott’s division had no time to turn around when Southern artillery batteries pelted it with buckshot (Jones, 2021). It was enough for the soldiers, disregarding the officers’ shouts, to turn around and flee into the nearest wooded area. Conclusion To conclude all information above, Upton’s strategy was so effective that it drew the attention of the entire command. Furthermore, the general himself was promoted despite the fact that the troops were defeated in this battle. The tactical technique of conducting a frontal assault on entrenched infantry was deemed successful. It is believed that this attack formed the basis of the infantry tactics used in World War I trench warfare. Nevertheless, it is essential to emphasize the general’s own attitude toward what happened. He was disappointed and attributed the blame for the defeat to himself. He ignored the fact that in this case the victory was not due to the problems of Mott’s detachment, while Upton’s actions had been flawlessly executed and the defense had been breached completely, as the general had planned. Upton’s contemporaries described his decision solely as an unusual, cold and extremely effective tactic. Those who were with him on the battlefield wrote that his actions were so deliberate and prudent that they could not result in a single mistake or strategic miscalculation. Moreover, the attack itself was so lightning-fast that the enemy had no time to do anything about it. References Fitzpatrick, D. J. (2017). Emory Upton. Misunderstood reformer . University of Oklahoma Press. Jones, J. P. (2021). Yankee Blitzkrieg. Wilson’s raid through Alabama and Georgia . University Press of Kentucky.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/emory-upton-in-the-battle-of-columbus-in-the-civil-war/	280
Ensuring the Integrity of Human Dignity in the Care of All Patients Essay In humanism and human rights, personal dignity implies respect and a sense of worth and value inherent in every human being. In medical care and clinical ethics, this concept is associated with respect for the patient’s health, physical and psychological, as well as their emotional state, privacy, and self-perception (Kadivar, Mardani-Hamooleh & Kouhnavard, 2018). In a clinical setting, patients may feel dependent and vulnerable (Crump, 2019). It is a vital part of the professional values of nursing to ensure the preservation of patients’ dignity and develop a delicate and respectful approach to healthcare (Sæteren & Nåden, 2021). The challenge to advocating for dignity in the medical environment is that patients and caregivers do not always have a universal understanding of human dignity. Its concept changes depending on the person and the circumstances. The promotion of human dignity is essential in the care of palliative and end-of-life patients who require special treatment and an attentive approach. Thus, nurses play a critical role in providing the environment and protecting the personal dignity of their patients. In nursing, the fundamental principles of healthcare include ensuring respectful, positive, and kind treatment of patients and dealing with their stress, nervousness, or fear with understanding and empathy. Handling the patient requires the nurse to have emotional intelligence, compassion, and commitment while performing all medical procedures in a timely and professional manner (Crump, 2019). Particular attention should be followed with aged patients. Sometimes, preserving the human dignity of retired patients is associated with providing them with a sense of greater autonomy and support. In many cases, elderly patients need intense listening and choice. A friendly and respectful conversation and a personal approach will help to establish such interaction. References Crump, B. (2019). Patient dignity. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 23 (3), 46-51. Web. Kadivar, M., Mardani-Hamooleh, M., & Kouhnavard, M. (2018). Concept analysis of human dignity in patient care: Rodgers’ evolutionary approach. Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, 11 , 4. Sæteren, B. & Nåden, D. (2021). Dignity: An essential foundation for promoting health and well-being. In G. Haugan & M. Eriksson (Eds.) , Health promotion in health care – vital theories and research (pp. 71-84). Springer. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/ensuring-the-integrity-of-human-dignity-in-the-care-of-all-patients/	281
Entering a New Market for 7-Eleven: Macro- and Micro-Environment Analyses Report Introduction The current report analyses the strategic marketing issues of market entry in developed and developing countries, England and Saudi Arabia, respectively, discussing macro-and micro-environments to propose business implications and entry modes for 7-Eleven. First of all, the organizational background of the 7-Eleven corporation is presented, outlining the company characteristics and its current position in the global market. After that, the evaluation of the company’s macro-environment is conducted in regard to the market of England and Saudi Arabia, highlighting the major features of each economy. Following this step, 7-Eleven’s micro-environment is also assessed, taking into consideration the brand’s possible competition and demand. Potential implications for the business are also examined in these two sections. Finally, an appropriate entry mode for each country is suggested based on the retrieved information and scholarly opinions of the subject. Organizational Background The company discussed in this report is 7-Eleven, an international convenience store established in the United States. Currently, 7-Eleven has opened numerous locations throughout the USA and continues to expand its business worldwide, has entered the markets of several developed and developing states ( About Us – 7-Eleven Corporate , no date). The corporation provides its customers with a range of convenience products, from food to electric appliances and clothes, making everyday purchases easier for various populations. Situational Analysis Macro and Microenvironment Macro-Environment Analysis for 7-Eleven Political Atmosphere The political component of the PESTEL framework is directly linked to the government’s impact on business operations. This element includes the laws and regulations that allow a country’s authorities to intervene in the economic processes, thus introducing and managing the policies establishing how corporate entities can conduct their activities (Feys, 2015). These factors are crucial to consider prior to entering the country’s market, as there are significant distinctions between the regulations sustained by various developed and developing states. United Kingdom As a country with a developed economy, the UK can be a beneficial entry option for various businesses. The taxation system in the UK is considered advantageous, as both UK resident and non-resident firms are required to pay the same tax percentages based on their income and gains (Edrich, 2020). Nevertheless, being a non-resident company, 7-Eleven will be forced to calculate its own corporation tax liability, reporting corporation tax returns on its own. In addition to choosing the corporate structure of the UK branch and complying with the tax rates, 7-Eleven will be required to amend the approach to labor law. In the UK, the concept of employment-at-will, which is widespread in the US, is non-existent; therefore, employment dismissal and hiring procedures can be more difficult to perform without legal repercussions (Edrich, 2020). Furthermore, the company must follow the regulations that specify the national minimum wage and maximum working hours (Edrich, 2020). These requirements might significantly affect 7-Eleven’s business operations, compelling the company to adapt to the UK employment demands. Saudi Arabia The political considerations when entering the Saudi Arabian (SA) market mostly pertain to the laws regulating foreign business activities in this country. Heavily investing in the growth of the country’s infrastructure, the government creates a lucrative entry opportunity for companies that employ the convenience store model (Institute of Export and International Trade, 2019). However, the law system in SA is drastically different from the Western approaches and must be carefully examined prior to entering the market. For instance, a united civil code or common law system is not present, only with Shari’ah being the most fundamental regulation (Institute of Export and International Trade, 2019). Furthermore, foreign investments and organizations are typically heavily regulated, meaning that 7-Eleven would be forced to be highly attentive to such regulations while entering the market. In addition to the mentioned complications, several requirements regarding employment and taxation are vital to consider when planning SA market entry. The governmental efforts in SA are significantly directed toward Saudisation, the initiative which ensures that more SA citizens are provided with credible occupations (Institute of Export and International Trade, 2019). Following the quotas is imperative for all organizations operating in the country, and 7-Eleven would be required to enforce this policy during hiring. As for the taxation system, foreign-based companies must pay a 20% income tax and a 5% withholding tax. Economic Considerations The economic factor of the PESTEL tool is critical for assessing the economic condition of the external environment. This element is connected to the country’s economic performance rates, namely inflation, gross domestic product growth, and unemployment (Feys, 2015). Based on these characteristics, it is possible to project how productive the organization might be after entering the market and what additional measures will be needed to ensure the required efficiency. United Kingdom Given that the UK has a developed economy, the conditions for entering the national market are currently quite favorable. The overall economic characteristics are quite positive, with the inflation rate remaining low in the last ten years (United Nations [UN], 2021). After that, the GDP trends also remain rather high, with the country outperforming its segment’s representatives (UN, 2021). Overall, decreased inflation and positive GDP growth are good indicators that large-scale businesses from developed countries can easily enter the market without adjusting considerably to the local economy. Saudi Arabia Currently, the SA economy appears to experience significant diversification and growth. There is a distinct focus on reducing the existing reliance on oil and gas, which is a remarkable indicator of the ongoing diversification and the government’s involvement in advancing the country’s economy (Institute of Export and International Trade, 2019). Promoted by the SA government, this process is highly beneficial for foreign companies interested in entering this market, as a more varied structure of production and trade is gradually emerging. In the long term, this event might lead to an increase in the country’s total income and an improvement in the market conditions, which create a positive environment for 7-Eleven’s entry. Another factor essential to consider from the economic perspective is the country’s growth in the past decade. SA continues to develop its outputs and economic conditions, improving its GDP and occupying a large portion of the Gulf region’s market (UN, 2021). Partially, this achievement is attributed to SA’s population size, which is the biggest in the Gulf region. Although still considered to have an economy in transition, SA continuously enhances its market’s growth and advances the previously ignored sectors, suggesting that positive economic development is an ongoing process (Institute of Export and International Trade, 2019). These characteristics are remarkably advantageous in terms of market entry; even though SA does not have a developed economy, the current trends propose that the overall environment for establishing the business a highly favorable. Social Environment The social factor in the PESTEL model can be especially helpful for enterprise executives. The given population’s attitudes towards purchasing constitute a substantial part of the social atmosphere and should be included in the macro-environment analysis to better understand the individuals’ predispositions (Feys, 2015). Therefore, the social element allows for assessing the social environment of the state where the enterprise is planning to introduce its products. United Kingdom As such, UK buyers appear to be more drawn to small-scale magazines, which differ drastically from the convenience store model of 7-Eleven. In regard to convenience stores, consumers seem to positively perceive local brands to which they are loyal due to their long-term presence in the country and a unique approach to the UK culture and preferences (Ramanathan et al. , 2017). From this perspective, 7-Eleven will be required to establish the necessary level of loyalty through promotions and buying incentives, building the customers’ trust to overcome the competition from local brands. Saudi Arabia The social environment of SA appears to be especially distinct from the Western cultures, given the country’s location and history. Adherence to the nation’s cultural aspects is crucial for retail stores, as it remarkably improves the perceptions of the service’s quality (Rizvi and Sabir, 2018). In addition, physical aspects and personal interaction are highly valuable for SA customers, who rely on these elements when assessing the shop’s reliability (Rizvi and Sabir, 2018). Thus, it will be vital for 7-Eleven to adjust its approach to customer behavior, integrating the buyers’ preferences into the framework used. Environmental Concerns: United Kingdom Of particular importance is the environmental factor of the PESTEL approach, which includes a variety of aspects related to the country’s ecology. In the modern age, the preservation of the planet’s nature has become a crucial issue for many governments, meaning that enterprises must comply with the expectations regarding leading a sustainable business (Feys, 2015). Thus, the country’s climate, location, and governmental policies toward environmental protection can drastically impact the organization’s processes. In the UK, there is a specific focus on fulfilling sustainable business obligations. The state’s officials actively endorse legal initiatives aimed at decreasing the large-scale company’s influence on the environment. As such, all the corporations conducting business in the UK must assess their environmental impact and diminish the risks connected to their organizational activities (Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, 2019). In this regard, 7-Eleven executives will be expected to demonstrate that the use of water, raw materials, energy, and other ecologic resources will not negatively affect nature (Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, 2019). Legally, failing to comply with these regulations might cause drastic consequences for 7-Eleven, resulting in sustainability lawsuits and decreased chance of successfully establishing a UK branch. Legal Considerations: Saudi Arabia Given the major differences between the SA and American law systems, the legal environment of SA might become a challenge for the 7-Eleven executives. The existing law and regulations are highly distinct and are not unified into one framework, meaning that the understanding of the relevant legislation can become difficult to achieve. Although all rules comply with the Shari’ah, they can become highly diverse based on the subject, SA region, and targeted entities (Institute of Export and International Trade, 2019). Furthermore, being a Muslim country, SA strictly enforces Islamic law, and all corporations conducting business practices in the country must follow these prescriptions. Contrastingly, the US mostly relies on the Constitution and employs the federal court system that does not incorporate any religious elements. Therefore, considering the American origin of 7-Eleven and the apparent contrast between the legal environment of the USA and SA, it will be critical for 7-Eleven leaders to adapt their practices according to Muslim requirements. Micro-Analysis Competition The competitive environment is of particular concern for businesses aiming to enter a new market. This component refers to the notion of fighting for the consumers’ predisposition, securing positive attitudes, and higher loyalty towards the company’s brand in contrast with the competitors (Khurram, 2020). The convenience store industry in the UK is a highly developed sector that can become highly competitive for new entrants (Ramanathan et al. , 2017). Given the positive attitudes to local shops and small-scale businesses, large convenient stores are often perceived as less favorable for everyday purchases (Ramanathan et al. , 2017). Therefore, for 7-Eleven to succeed in the UK market, it will be necessary to battle the competitors’ influence, improving the consumers’ interest in shopping in a novel large convenience store. The competitive factor in the convenience store industry of SA is highly distinct from the UK’s aspect. As such, this sphere is not rivaled by multiple influential opponents, given that SA remained a secluded country for an extended period of time (Institute of Export and International Trade, 2019). In this regard, the SA market is highly more favorable for entry, allowing the entering organization to establish a prominent position easily. However, it might be strenuous for 7-Eleven to gain the consumers’ approval due to the local competitors’ knowledge of the major customs. The Threat of New Entrants Another element that must be considered when entering the UK market is the possibility of other non-resident corporations opening their branches in the country. As a highly developed country, economic affluence and structure are beneficial for development, the UK can be highly attractive for various enterprises that are not yet present in the state. However, such a tendency can prove to be a disadvantage, as the presence of multiple competitors incredibly diminishes the chance of successful entry (Khurram, 2020). However, less internationally popular brands are more likely to suffer from such limitations (Khurram, 2020). In this regard, 7-Eleven has a higher potential in the UK market, as it is well-known around the globe and it already has several branches in other countries. In comparison with the UK convenience store sector, the SA sphere is less likely to be targeted by other entrants. The differences between Western and SA culture, the distinct environment of the Gulf region, and the focus on Islamic law typically avert other businesses from opening new branches in SA (Institute of Export and International Trade, 2019). Therefore, it is possible that 7-Eleven might not encounter a considerable threat from other international companies aiming for the SA market. Possible Substitutes Alternative products and services are also essential characteristics of a micro-environment analysis. Such entities as resellers or substitutes that can replace the given product and provide the customer with a different means of attaining the necessary items can be highly dangerous for a new organization in the local market (Khurram, 2020). While some substitutes might be more affordable, others might adhere to the nation’s culture or particular demands, meaning that the services of the company that just entered the industry might be ignored (Khurram, 2020). The presence of small businesses that act as an alternative to convenience stores may negatively impact 7-Eleven’s success in the market, hindering the development of the UK branch. In light of this information, 7-Eleven’s executives will be forced to gain the consumers’ interest by distinguishing the enterprise from other entities that have a different approach to selling everyday items. The dangers of substitutes become especially evident upon the examination of the SA market. Although rather famous, convenience stores and retail shops have alternatives like local bazaars and markets having distinct qualities that cannot be substituted by large-scale supermarkets (Rizvi and Sabir, 2018). In addition, consumers report that large-scale convenience stores often lack the necessary appearance and customer-personnel communication, which decreases the chances of establishing a proper connection to the vendor (Rizvi and Sabir, 2018). As such, 7-Eleven will be compelled to account for such differences. Supplier Power Retail stores are highly dependent on high-quality suppliers who offer the necessary resources for conducting business practices. However, suppliers can be understood as entities that provide physical materials and as parties that distribute labor or ready products (Khurram, 2020). The UK possesses a developed economy that is highly favorable for securing different types of physical resources, from energy to construction materials and merchandise for selling (Edrich, 2020). Gaining access to labor is also rather easy given the positive labor force trends, suggesting that 7-Eleven might not encounter substantial difficulties in this area. To efficiently manage the new branch in SA, 7-Eleven must rely on credible vendors to supply the necessary resources. The overall distribution of energy and physical materials in SA is rather efficient, meaning corporations do not usually experience complications when acquiring necessary resources (Institute of Export and International Trade, 2019). However, given the geographical and cultural differences, 7-Eleven will be forced to account for the contrasts between the materials typically supplied by Western vendors, as particular items might be inaccessible. Demand Finally, the demand element must be properly examined to ascertain the buyers’ interest in the given product. Being one of the numerous convenience stores in the UK, 7-Eleven remains one of the various corporations that offer similar services. From this perspective, it will be crucial to demonstrate the enterprise’s uniqueness, positively impacting the customers’ perceptions of the brand (Khurram, 2020). Considering that switching to a different vendor is a long process that demands significant effort from the enterprise, 7-Eleven will be required to adjust its entry strategy accordingly. Given the aforementioned presence of convenience stores’ substitutes in SA, the demand for 7-Eleven’s products might be lowered. Local shops and markets that replace large-scale supermarkets might be the factors that compel Saudi Arabians to decrease the demand for big retail shops (Rizvi and Sabir, 2018). However, given the growing diversification of the economy and the ongoing infrastructure developments, it is possible that the interest in hypermarkets will increase steadily (Institute of Export and International Trade, 2019). Therefore, 7-Eleven might be able to establish a strong presence in SA; nevertheless, it will still be essential to consider that Saudi Arabian population will be interested in different products compared to Western consumers. Entry Mode Selection United Kingdom: Establishing a Subsidiary The UK law endorses the creation of subsidiaries or UK establishments for international companies aiming to begin their operations in the country. Subsidiaries are often chosen as the most effective pathway as this structure constitutes an independent legal entity (Edrich, 2020). In comparison to the UK establishment option, which forces the parent company to take full responsibility for any profits and losses, the subsidiary is regarded as an independent body and is thus easier to maintain for an international business (Edrich, 2020). From this perspective, it is recommended that 7-Eleven to establish a subsidiary to enter the UK market, retaining control over the branch but simultaneously ensuring that legal ramifications are not attributed to the parent company. Saudi Arabia: Creating a Partnership However, for the SA market, it would be more beneficial to employ the partnering and strategic alliance entry mode, which focuses on the establishment of a business connection between a local enterprise and 7-Eleven. Given that the SA economy and market are highly distinct from those of a developed country, securing the aid of a local organization would allow sharing of necessary costs and reducing the entry risk (Burton, 2016). However, it would be crucial to consider integration problems, ensuring that corporate cultures’ integration problems are addressed. Conclusion To conclude, a thorough analysis of the macro-and micro-environment for the 7-Eleven corporation was presented in this report, highlighting the business implications that follow the entry into the markets of the United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia. To properly adapt to the state’s economy and efficiently introduce the company’s products, the 7-Eleven executives should carefully consider the numerous aspects connected to launching a new corporate branch in different market environments. The features of the UK economy appear to be highly advantageous for entry, although additional considerations are needed when examining competition and demand factors. In contrast, the SA environment is unique, including multiple legal and social aspects to be addressed during entry. In this regard, it is suggested that establishing a subsidiary in the UK is the effective approach, while, in the SA, it is possible to start a partnership with a local company to improve 7-Eleven’s entry’s success. Reference List About Us – 7-Eleven Corporate (no date). 7-Eleven. Web. Burton, E. (2016) Business and entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia: opportunities for partnering and investing in emerging businesses . New York: John Wiley & Sons. Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (2019) Measuring and reporting environmental impacts: guidance for businesses . Web. Edrich, S. (2020) Doing business in the UK . London: Austin Macauley. Feys, B. (2015) PESTLE analysis: understand and plan for your business environment . London: 50Minutes.com. Institute of Export and International Trade (2019) Doing Bussiness in Saudi Arabia . Web. Khurram, A. (2020) ‘Revisiting Porter Five Forces Model: Influence of non-governmental organizations on competitive rivalry in various economic sectors, Pakistan Social Sciences Review, 4(1), pp. 1–15. Ramanathan, U. et al. (2017) ‘Impact of customer loyalty and service operations on customer behaviour and firm performance: empirical evidence from UK retail sector’, Production Planning & Control [Preprint] . Web. Rizvi, D. and Sabir, A. (2018) ‘The relationship between customer satisfaction and service quality with special reference to the hypermarkets in Saudi Arabia’, Research in Economics and Management, 3, pp. 160–165. UN (2021) World economic situation and prospects . Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/entering-a-new-market-for-7-eleven-macro-and-micro-environment-analyses/	282
Environmental Anthropology and Human Survival at The Arctic Biome Research Paper Introduction A biome refers to an expansive landmass associated with different animals and plants. The features of a given biome rely on the level of precipitation and temperatures that the area receives. Due to exposure to the biome’s conditions for an extended period, the plants and animals adapt to the requirements to enhance their survival. Major biomes within earth include the tropical rainforests, grassland, desert, tundra, chaparral, savanna, boreal forest, and temperate deciduous forest. Each of these biome’s characteristics possesses the same features in any part of the world. The phrase tundra emanates from the Finnish language “tunturia,” which means plain with no trees (Nicklen, P. (2020). The characteristics of this biome are essential in defining the conditions in the arctic. Thorough research on the Artic biome is vital to understanding the area’s geographical features and humans and adaptations to enhance survival in this region. Geography Location on the Planet The Arctic lies within the north pole of the earth, commonly associated with polar conditions of climate, animal, and plant life, among other aspects. The Arctic originates from the Greek word arktos, which means bear (Let’s Talk Science, 2020). The time is also assigned to the northern constellation of the bear. The artic has often been used to refer to the Arctic Circle, a geographical line demarcated at the latitude of 66 degrees and 30 degrees north of the equator. Compared to other biomes, the Arctic Tundra formed 1000 years ago is the youngest. The arctic tundra biome lies in the northern hemisphere within a latitude and longitude of 71.2 degrees North and 156 degrees west (Geodiode, 2020). The coordinates might moderately vary due to the earth’s axial tilt. The arctic biome is estimated to be 11.5 million km2 land covering regions spanning from far northern areas of Alaska, Russia, and Scandinavia, Canada, to the forests in Taiga. The artic biome is estimated to cover around one firth of the earth and is associated with immersed winds, coldness, snow cover, and lack of trees. Topography/Landforms The artic ground is categorized as permafrost, which implies a ground that remains frozen for temperatures below 32°F (0°C) or colder for two or more years. In areas of heightened altitude, permafrost covers a few feet beneath the soil’s surface. However, the frozen ground can further extend to a depth of around 683 meters (Geodiode, 2020). These conditions make it unlikely for trees to grow within the arctic biome. However, the flat and occasionally rocky plains tend to support lower plants like bog, grass, small scattered trees, shrubs, and moss (Geodiode, 2020). The Arctic is commonly dark and cold in winter, while the surface layer of frost and snow begins to melt in summer, making the artic muggy. The tundra of the artic encompasses streams, lakes, and swamps. The landscape features of the Arctic are created by permafrost and include ice wedges, pingos, polygons, thermokarsts, and ice wedges. These features can enhance in length or change over the years instead of the millennium or century needed to record such changes in other environments. Continuous permafrost formations are present in southwestern Alaska, where the ground remains frozen everywhere apart from the rivers and lakes. On the other hand, discontinuous permafrost occupies the tundra and forests within northwest Alaska, where the land is only perennially frozen in some places. The topography of the arctic includes thermokarst, made when permafrost melts (Geodiode, 2020). Frozen water takes much space; when it melts, the liquid water takes less space. Land slumps into the void developing a surface depression or what is commonly referred to as thermokarst. Thermokarsts appear as ravines, funnel-shaped sinkholes, caves (during initial stages of melting), or valleys. Pingos also make up the topography of the arctic biome. Pingo emanates from am Inupiaq phrase meaning cone-shaped hill or a mound of soil with ice at its core. The average height is around 30 meters high with a 50 meters diameter. These features are present within the discontinuous and continuous permafrost. Pingos develop after drainage or afterward when sedimentation permeates within the tundra lake. The most common pingos within the tundra region are the closed-system pingos. Polygons are also available in areas that experience seasonal frost or permafrost and are developed from contraction cracks extended by ice wedges. Polygons are created when pressure from the ice wedge pushes the soil within the gap upward to create two ridges of around 0.5 meters tall (Let’s Talk Science, 2020). In areas that experience poor drainage, water collects within the Center of the polygon and ice-wedge troughs. After that, the collected water harnesses heat from the sun rays melting the permafrost beneath it, causing further slumping. Water fills the channels, further deepens, and eventually enlarges to form a small lake. A low-center polygon develops when the lake drains or is filled with organic material. The arctic biome topography also includes Ice wedges created when water fills in a contraction crack in the soil. As winter freezing and extension continue, the ice-wedge expands each progressive year. The ice wedges can enlarge to measure an estimated 10 meters apart and grow to 10 meters below the surface. Some massive ice wedges develop throughout thousands of years and play a critical topographical feature in identifying the arctic biome. Climate The atmosphere within the arctic regions tends to change depending on the elevation, latitude, topography, and closeness to the sea. However, generally, the arctic areas share polar features due to the latitude of the biome and restrained solar energy during the months of summer. Though the sun rays might be significant, their ability to warm the arctic is limited to the high reflection from ice and snow. During the winter season, radioactive cooling within the surface is linked to extreme coldness; however, at the height of a few thousand feet above the sea level, temperatures tend to increase to a group of around 17 degrees Celsius (Leonard, 2018). These conditions are prevalent within the north-western Siberia and the polar basin during midwinter. The infections can also be experienced within the Greenland Ice Cap and Yakutia and Yukon’sYukon’s mountainous valets. The lowest ground temperatures that have ever been recorded within Northern America is at Yukon, where it ranged about -68 degrees Celsius. The arctic climate can be divided into two groups where one group experiences a climate similar to the climate within ice caps where no monthly temperature surpasses zero degrees Celsius. The other climate is the tundra climate, where temperatures maximum temperature recorded within a month don’t surpass ten degrees Celsius. The climate can be classified as polar maritime climate located along the Pacific and Atlantic oceans and within the northern islands. During the winter, the temperature falls significantly low in these regions, with high snowfall. In the polar continental climates, which cover the areas of Siberia, northern Alaska, and Canada, winters tend to be increased with the snowfall being generally light. The Canadian Arctic Archipelago islands fall along with the polar continental climate group. The winters are affected by the area’s proximity to the sea due to the prevalence of thick, unbroken sea ice. In addition, apart from the two climates, transitional areas receive the ”ice” climates (Let’s Talk Science, 2020). This climate includes the climate within the polar basin and the southern region of the tree line. The artic biome polar continental areas within the far north experience winter during the final days of August, while regions at the tree line experience winters around a month later. The parts temperatures continue to decline up to December intensely. From January to March, the temperatures are uniform, with areas within the central Siberian Arctic receiving average temperatures of around −37 ° while regions within North America are experiencing average temperatures of −29 °C. The lowest temperatures. Winter within the European arctic, Iceland, southwestern Greenland coast, and the Aleutians is associated with strong winds, storms, and increased precipitation in either rain or snow form with average temperatures. The temperatures within the arctic biome remain uniform across the region. The southern outskirts region experiences monthly temperatures averaging ten degrees Celsius. On the other hand, the continental areas experience a short duration of temperatures averaging 27–32 °C (Let’s Talk Science, 2020). The summer is generally calm in the northern islands and maritime climates adjacent to the oceans. The southern region’s record is around seven degrees Celsius, while temperatures fall to four degrees Celsius in the northern area. The highest temperature (16 °C) is experienced within southwestern Greenland. The maritime regions experience some of the densest cloud and fog cover during the summer. Areas that receive continental winters experience increased precipitation levels within the summer months with light snow showers and rain. The artic biome receives short growing and frost-free durations. The ice climate is prevalent in Greenland, while the southern regions experience maritime features with massive precipitation, which is accrued to cyclone activities. The prevalence of glacier changes within the arctic biome indicates continued climate change. The degree of warming within the area has significantly risen depending on the latitude, wherein Svalbard temperatures were recorded at eight degrees Celsius during the winter. Climate changes have played a significant role in the depletion of sea ice in southwestern Greenland and Svalbard. Soils The soils of the arctic biome contain permafrost that affects its drainage. The region comprises shallow lakes that occupy various parts of the biome. The earth within the biome is made up of vivid patterns that emanate from freezing and thawing. The patterned ground is categorized as pebbles, coarser materials, or polygonal nets. The soils tend to relate to the vegetation cover of the region. Compared to the dirt in the south, arctic soils tend to possess solid zonal features. The tundra soils are highly acidic and poorly drained with an undecomposed layer of organic material. The arctic brown soils are covered by grasslands and drier heath, with permafrost lying deep in the ground. The soils within the arctic biome are grouped as Cryosols or gelisols based on the classification system employed. These soils are easily eroded with permafrost and shaped by constant freezing and thawing that is prevalent as temperatures change during different seasons. During summer, the thaw digs deep to a depth of around 6 to 12 inches (Let’s Talk Science, 2020). Areas within the lower latitude have soils that are well-drained with vegetation cover. The active layer of the arctic biome soil experiences biological activities like animal burrowing, root growth, and decomposition of organic material. Though the permafrost layer is present within most Arctic biome soils, the freeze-thaw layer is also standard across areas like the alpine and arctic biome. Biota Flora The area below the tree limit within the arctic is covered with coniferous forest and merges with treeless tundra vegetation. The white and black spruce occupies parts of North America, while the European larch is the common tree species (Fries-Gaither, 2019). The cottonwoods trees are also common within the lower areas like the rivers within the Arctic biome. In the low Arctic, the primary vegetation includes shrub birch, tall-shrub tundra, willow, Labrador tea, alder, cranberry, and Arctic heather, present in the wetter areas. The ground cover within the arctic is mainly covered with mosses and lichens; cushion plants are also common within the uplands of the biome. The high Arctic is covered with less vegetation than the areas within the low arctic. The tall arctic bears only half of the vascular plants common within the low arctic of North America, which records around 600 species of plants. Areas within the higher regions like Greenland and Ellesmere Island contain around 100 species of vascular plants (Fries-Gaither, 2019). This phenomenon’s primary reason is the prevalence of drier conditions, cooler summers, and limited growing seasons. The distribution of around 40% of vascular plant species within the high arctic can be termed as circumpolar. Some of the crucial plant species in the arctic are the prostate willows which help hold snow cover beyond the northernmost parts of the biome. The websites of the biome are covered mainly with sedge-moss meadows. The uplands are patchily surrounded by prostate willows, grass, and mat-forming dryas. The coastal region of the biome depicts the actual characteristics of a polar desert. In the areas near the Arctic Ocean and the land at a few hundred meters elevation in the arctic, lack of sufficient soil moisture and poor soil development makes it impossible to grow plants. The rare plants in this region grow within frost cracks where fine soil deposits and snow are captured. These plants include the Arctic poppy, small saxifrages, and some rushes adapted to these conditions. Some flowering herbs and the Arctic poppy make some rare types of flowers categorized as solatropic (Fries-Gaither, 2019). This type of flower shows the response to the sun, where their blossoms tend to follow the sun’s movement to focus the solar heat in ovary development. The flowers also attract insects attracted to the warmth to ensure maximum pollination and hasty action of seeds. Fauna The ecosystem within the arctic biome does not have the richness and diversity of different species common within the tropical and temperate ecosystem. The number of plants and animals tends to reduce as the latitude in the polar areas increase. The conditions within the tundra region support birds and mammals only. The arctic biome has been recorded as a habitat for an estimated 100 bird species and 20 species of mammals (Fries-Gaither, 2019). The majority of the fauna within the arctic tundra is circumpolar in distribution. For instance, the wild reindeer in Eurasia belong to the same species as the caribou of North America. Similarly, the lemmings present in Greenland and North America belong to a different species but are closely related to those in Eurasian Arctic. The similarity within the arctic biome fauna results from the reduced sea levels during the Pleistocene glaciations. During this period, a vast land linkage referred to as the Bering Land Bridge linked Alaska to Siberia. Various types of herbivores reside in the arctic tundra like the reindeer, caribou, and muskox; Arctic hare, colored and brown lemmings, and the arctic fox rarely live outside the tundra environment. Different species of shrews, ground squirrel, red fox, wolves, the arctic hare, wolves, vole, ermine, brown bear, and collared and brown lemmings are present in the arctic tundra as well as other ecosystems. Limited species have penetrated and survived the low arctic tundra and settled in areas habitable. Some of these species include the snowshoe hare and the moose in North America. The migration of the animals to areas is attributed to the development of willows and shrubs in the habitats and the warming climate. Marmots and other species of the mountain sheep have also further raised their settlement to a certain location within the arctic tundra. Areas within the high arctic tundra above 80° N comprise northernmost Greenland, Canadian arctic islands such as Ellesmere and Axel Heiberg, northern areas of Franz Josef Land and Svalbard; only limited mammals manage a viable population. The Peary caribou, Arctic hare, musk ox, and collared lemming are the main herbivores in the High Canadian Arctic. The predators of the herbivores, which include ermine, wolves, and arctic fox, are also present in the region. The species are also common in Greenland, with the caribou being present in the area for a long time (Fries-Gaither, 2019). The Arctic fox and caribou are the native species in Svalbard, while the Arctic fox is also common within the Franz Josef Land. The polar bear is also associated with the arctic tundra, where it preys on seals, nesting birds, and other land mammals. Only a few birds permanently reside within the Arctic biome; the snowy owl, raven, gyrfalcon, and ptarmigan list these species. The rest of the species tend only to visit the tundra during the summer to breed and raise the young ones. These species later migrate towards the tropical, temperate, or within the maritime regions during winter. Though birds have been able to access some areas commonly inaccessible to mammals, their location is influenced by migration routes and wintering zones. The routes of migration commonly used by waterfowl and the shorebirds are found along coastlines, with some bird species crossing over vast water bodies. Nonetheless, the North Atlantic provides a partial blockage creating circumpolar interbreeding, thereby creating high uniformity among the birds in eastern Eurasia and western North America. Some of the most prevalent nesting birds within the Arctic tundra include the waterfowl, shorebirds, and passerine species of birds. The riparian habitats and the areas with high shrub density hold some of the great populations of passerine species. As the latitude within the arctic tundra increases, birds’ species reduce. The snow bunting and the redpoll make the only group of nesting birds prevalent in the northernmost areas of the tundra. Apart from the resident species, there are also other birds like the raptorial birds, which nest within the arctic. These species of birds include the peregrine falcon, short-eared owl, and rough-legged hawk. The golden eagle lives within the mountainous regions of North America, while the White-tailed eagle is common in Eurasia and Greenland (Fries-Gaither, 2019). The jaegers feed on eggs and nestlings of other birds during the mating season, where they nest at the tundra and the barren polar regions. The jaegers spend most of their time at sea and migrate to the tundra during mating and nesting. The artic coastal cliffs are nesting zones for different marine birds like the Alcidae, Laridae, and the Procellariidae species of birds that depend on the ocean for food. General Human Adaptations Human adaptations refer to the structural and functional characteristics within the human populations that enhance survival and transform the physical environment during stress or change. The human coping mechanism is associated with cultural, psychological, and behavioral changes to cope with the environment. The analysis of human adaptability to the Arctic biome pays attention to understanding how humans interact with each other, the environment, and how they transform the environment to make it more habitable (Leonard, 2018). The analysis additionally seeks to understand the environment transforms humans. The modern evolutionary theory provides an efficient understanding of human adaptability to a certain environment or habitat. Modern Evolutionary Theory on Adaptability The modern evolutionary theory seeks to explain human adaptability by analyzing intricate interactions of phenotypes and genotypes. Genotype entails the hereditary abilities of a given organism, while on the other hand, phenotype refers to the output resulting from the interaction of genotype and the organism’s environment. The theory states that some species portray a limited environmental transformation and show reduced phenotype differences. Organisms such as bacteria can only handle minute changes in changes of their habitat temperature. On the other hand, humans portray heightened phenotypic variations and can withstand a vast degree of environmental conditions. Some of the primary tenets of the evolutionary theory state that; all populations are committed to increasing their number until a situation where the environment cannot accommodate the population. The other tenet states that all populations undergo genetic transformations through mutation and recombination. Another element of the modern evolutionary theory states that organisms that possess the best-adapted phenotypes are more likely to be selected within a certain set of circumstances. The final tenet of the theory holds that the impact of the environment on genotype is indirect (Leonard, 2018). The adaptive transformations of every organism and humans rely on the hereditary genetic matter passed on from one generation to another generation. The theory further adds that the evolutionary capabilities of a species depend on the organism’s interaction with the environment in its lifetime. The change is gradual; therefore, populations within a certain ecosystem represent earlier conditions within that environment. According to modern evolutionary theory, some challenges that hinder organisms’ adaptation include gene flow and mutations, difficulties in allocation, physical limitations, evolutionary opportunity, and changing environments. The history of a given organism also affects its future changes hence significant transformations in its anatomy are limited (Leonard, 2018). The degree of animal adaptations also depends on the conditions of the natural world, which are hard to change. As the biological changes of animals are slow, populations hardly adapt perfectly to their current situation. However, there is an exemption on unique cases with long-term environmental stability. Focus: Human Adaptability to Arctic Biome The study of human populations’ adaptations within the arctic calls for intense work to understand general human adaptations to adverse ecosystems. The Inuit people who reside within the Arctic biome have undertaken different strategies to adapt to the changing environment like petroleum exploitation, biophysical changes within the Arctic, global climatic changes, and contact with American society. The study analyses the human adaptability within the biome in respect to the cold stress, coping with low biological productivity, and heightened periods of light and darkness. Further analysis of the human adaptability to snow, ice, sea, and the changing Arctic biome ecosystem is crucial in understanding human adaptability at the arctic biome. Adaptation to Cold Stress Some of the common adaptive mechanisms adopted by the Inuit to deal with cold stress include cultural and physiological adaptations. Earlier, the Inuit were thought to have body adaptions like high body fat, eye fold features, and facial flatness. However, these morphological features have proven minimal protection to cold stress, which causes frostbite, cold injury, or hypothermia. The Inuit shelter, sharing of body heat, clothes, diet, and sea oil lamps are coping mechanisms against cold stress. The Inuit use their cultural regiments to deal with the cold stress (Leonard, 2018). The clothes have numerous vents where air flows in and out efficiently; the clothes are also made with different layers that collect and warm the air, thereby acting as an insulator. Since the outermost layer is impermeable and windproof, the Inuit clothing retains more heat while keeping moisture away. The shoes of the Inuit were made from sealskin; the stocking made from the Arctic hare fur with grass-thatched between the sole and the stockings to absorb moisture. The Inuit Igloo houses were also designed to withstand the cold stress. The Igloo is made using insulating materials with limited exposure to external surface areas. It is also designed to reflect heat from internal heat sources to keep the occupants warm. Another adaptation employed by the Inuit to deal with cold stress is physiological adjustments. During winter, ice fishing and seal hunting shelters and clothing cannot offer a reliable solution for coping with the warmth. Some physiological strategies to deal with the cold include increased basal metabolic rates, vasoconstriction, shivering, oxygen consumption, and acclimatization transformations and behavioral initiatives. Adaptation to Snow and Ice The Inuit have diverse ecological knowledge that enables them to determine differences in snow and ice features in minutes before accidents occur. The children of the Inuit, through experiments, learn to recognize any variations in snow and ice characteristics. The education process of the Inuit incorporates the ecological knowledge to help better weather prediction and identification of warnings and patterns of migration of different games. For decades, the art of hunting prey has been passed across generations of Inuit populations living in the Arctic. Scanning the environment, stalking, bringing down prey, retrieving, and sharing the catch were important behaviors taught across generations (Leonard, 2018). These habits played a significant role in enhancing survival amongst populations in inland Alaska, where resources are limited in quality and quantity. The Inuit have developed knowledge identifying that young salt ice is flexible instead of being brittle. Literature by Moran (2018) states that in the event sleds start sinking, the Inuit understand it is better to keep the sled in motion and ride out if they spot a thin ice spot. By interacting with the environment for a long time, the Inuit has recognized color as a distinguishing feature within different types of ocean Ice. The populations have identified the thick and safe ice as grey while the thin and unsafe ice appear dark. By knowing color distinctions between safe and unsafe ice, the populations have managed to live and hunt safely at the Arctic biome, but accidents still occur. Adaptation to Extended Lightness and Darkness Period The artic biome is characterized by dynamic cycles of light and darkness. At certain times, the daylight hours significantly change, while the sun never gets to the horizon in times like December. The changes in day and night schedules have a significant effect on the physiological well-being of an individual. In the book, Moran (2018) states that physiological functioning like blood sugar, blood pressure, body temperature, adrenal hormones, hemoglobin levels, pulse, levels of amino acids, and quantity of minerals excreted all follow a 24-hour rhythm. General principles of human adaptation in extreme environmental conditions are associated with hormonal biorhythms and are essential mechanisms of adaptation to the external environment. They are manifested by changes in the excretion of steroid hormones, which are regulated by seasonal and circadian biorhythms. However, studies of the biorhythms of excretion of steroid hormones can reveal their regulatory features in control groups from the local newcomer population from birth living in a given area and newcomers to the Arctic biome and being at a certain stage of adaptation (Kim et al., 2016). Changes in biorhythms may be associated with gastroenterological pathology (Kim et al., 2016). This must be taken into account when prescribing treatment and in the prevention of exacerbation of the established disease. The given statements make the conduct of the analysis of circadian rhythm relevant in several aspects. Thus, a comparative analysis of biorhythms in regions of a sharply continental climate, equated to the regions of the extreme Arctic biome, provides a unique opportunity to address a wide range of topics. This also includes their dynamics during the period of stay and at different periods of residence in the adaptation area. Fluctuations in the excretion of steroid hormones are of practical value as markers of the stress of the hormonal system. External and internal rhythms of the micro and macro environment affect many phenomena and processes. If external rhythmic signs are evident for observation, then some aspects of internal phenomena are still a topic of research. The nature of external rhythms is mainly based on geophysical phenomena. As a result of this process, a number of environmental parameters on the planet are undergoing changes that fit into the basic laws of nature. The main environmental factors of external cyclic rhythms are changes in daily solar radiation, temperature, pressure, and humidity. These parameters also include the earth’s electromagnetic field, sea tides, or seasonal monsoons. It should also be noted that solar activity is influenced by cosmic cyclical rhythms (Leonard, 2018). Changes in solar activity are directly related to changes in climatic conditions on the planet. Undoubtedly, external cycles are primarily related to abiotic factors. Nevertheless, for any organism, they are natural prerequisites for transformation and changes in activity and behavior. The internal cycles of the body are mainly responsible for physiological rhythms. The rhythm in the physiology of the body can be traced in the metabolism of DNA and RNA synthesis in cells, in the anabolism of proteins, in the work of enzymes, in the synthesis of ATP in mitochondria (Leonard, 2018). It has been proven that the ontogenesis of cells, muscle contractions, the work of the endocrine glands, the heartbeat, respiration, the excitability of the nervous system, that is, the work of all cells, organs, and tissues of the whole organism, fall under a certain cycle. It should be noted that each organ system has its own individual cycle. It is possible to change these rhythms by the influence of environmental factors only within small limits if these factors oppose the basic natural external rhythms. Nevertheless, all internal cycles represent a common integral system for the organism, subordinate to a common mechanism. Therefore, it is natural that the changes occurring in the process of life of organisms coincide in period with external, geophysical, and cosmic cyclic factors. Such cycles are defined as adaptive biological rhythms, the gradation of which occurs in accordance with the annual and daily movements of the Earth. Changes in the body associated with the diurnal movements of the Earth are defined as circadian cycles, and tidal, lunar, and annual rhythms are defined as circadian rhythms. Due to the triggering of the circadian mechanism, the most significant metabolic functions work in accordance with the most favorable conditions for this process, limited by daily or annual time frames. In the process of evolution, adaptive biological rhythms or circadian cycles have emerged as a factor in the physiological adaptation of the body to cyclic changes in the environment. The body’s circadian adaptations are fundamentally different from the purely physiological, the function of which is to maintain life support constantly, for example, breathing, blood circulation, and somatic cell division. Conclusion In conclusion, human adaptability is outstandingly demonstrated by assessing its adaptation in the conditions of the Arctic biome. It is evident that the harsh conditions of such regions impose significant stress on a wide range of human systems, which is why the adaptation can go to a greater extent in order to accommodate these environments. Considering the scarcity of food, extremely low temperatures, and irregular light cycles, many behavioral, cultural, and physiological changes are needed in order to adapt to such conditions. In addition, human evolution theory is critical to understanding the process of adaptability, which is manifested in the population increase in accordance with environmental limitations as well as the selection on the basis of fitness factors. Specimens with the most suitable cold resistance and less stress-based response to irregular light cycles are likely to survive and have offspring with higher fitness. Cultural adaptations are also relevant since they dictate the key behavioral patterns of survival in the Arctic biomes. Therefore, thorough research on the Artic biome is important to understand the area’s geographical features and humans and adaptations to enhance survival. References Fries-Gaither, J. (2019). Life in the tundra. Beyond Penguins and Polar Bears. Web. Geodiode. (2020). The tundra biome and ice biome – biomes#8 [Video]. Web. Kim, L. B., Russkikh, G. S., Gevorgian, M. M., Putyatina, A. N., Voronina, N. P., Kozhin, P. M., Kozaruk, T. V., Tsypysheva, O. B., Dolgova, N. A., & Rosumenko, A. A. (2016). Sex hormones and cardiovascular risk in male mining workers living in the European North. Human Physiology, 42 (2), 195–202. Web. Leonard, W. R. (2018). Centennial perspective on human adaptability . American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 165( 4), 813–833. Web. Let’s Talk Science. (2020). Arctic tundra biome. Let’s Talk Science. Web. Moran, E. F. (2018). Human adaptability: An introduction to ecological anthropology (3 rd ed.). Routledge. Nicklen, P. (2020). Tundra biome . National Geographic. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/environmental-anthropology-and-human-survival-at-the-arctic-biome/	283
Environmental Impact Assessment as a Tool of Environmental Justice Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The History of Environmental Impact Assessment 3. The Effectiveness of EIA 4. Strategies for Improvement of the EAI Effectiveness 5. Conclusion 6. Works Cited Introduction Throughout the 21st century, people’s interest in global environmental problems has increased due to growing awareness. People start to realize that our planet is close to a catastrophe and are willing to make efforts to save it. However, it is very challenging to improve the situation on the planet without concerning social issues. Environmental justice connects both spheres, dealing with such problems as inadequate access to food, problems of unsafe dwellings, transport air pollution, et cetera. As part of these initiatives, the environmental impact statement has been adopted by many countries, aiming to involve the population in solving environmental issues. Its effectiveness, however, is a question of discussion, and arguments for and against it will be presented in this paper. The History of Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Impact Assessment was first adopted in 1960 when society’s environmental awareness started to increase. Since then, it has been adopted by many countries, such as the U.S., the Russian Federation, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and others. Thus, it has a worldwide significance, serving as a tool for improving the process of deciding on certain environmental issues. Caro-Gonzalez (2) notes that this tool includes a wide range of methods aimed at identifying, predicting, and mitigating the impact of projects, activities, and works on the environment. The Effectiveness of EIA The effectiveness of EIA can be measured in several dimensions: normative, procedural, substantive, and transactive effectiveness. In addition, legal framework and procedural analysis should also be considered during the assessment (Jenny 12). Caro-Gonzalez made a research on EIA’s impact on the example of Columbian projects aimed at impact assessment that was held in the period between 2012 and 2014. The analysis revealed the low efficiency of the tool almost in all cases. Only in one case, the effectiveness was high due to the implemented good practices. In the hydrocarbons sector, the effectiveness of EIA was higher (2). Ritter et al. also note that although the EIA aims to assess the potential impact of projects on the environment, in practice, their influence on decision-making is often limited (161). Thus, the EAI system needs further methodological development based on profound research. The evidence shows that current environmental impact assessment systems have very general and imprecise requirements. For example, in Brazil, they are limited in their temporal and spatial scopes and need a biological characterization (Ritter et al. 166). It is important both for documenting and assessment of biodiversity and for providing a suitable baseline between altered and essentially pristine environments (Ritter et al. 166). As for the description of the species composition or the quality of soil and water, EAI often does not succeed in these fields. In addition, it does not deliver a proper description of the abiotic environment. Thus, although EAIs are considered to be a tool of environmental justice, allowing the local people to decide whether they want the project to be launched or not, the evidence shows that most of these assessments do not work properly. Strategies for Improvement of the EAI Effectiveness As for the improvement of the efficiency of environmental assessment impact, several strategies can be applied. The capacity of practitioners and researchers can be improved, which would make the requirements of EAI less vague. Due to the researchers, the tool should become more biologically sound and provide a new definition for the terms of reference (Ritter et al., 166). In addition, it should require a more thorough species inventory for the areas which are affected, both directly and indirectly, by the projects in the field of infrastructure. The efficiency of the EAIs is caused not only by the vagueness of assessment requirements but also by their application in practice. The companies often consider EAI “merely as a bureaucratic step” (Ritter et al., 166). For example, in Brazil, several lobbying projects make attempts to shorten EIA’s execution and reduce its requirements. There is an example of the companies’ neglect concerning EIAs. In 2015, in Minas Gerais, the biggest natural catastrophe in the whole of Brazil’s history took place. This disaster was a rupture of a mine-tailings dam that took place in Mariana. As a result, more than 60 million m3 of iron ore tailings got into the Doce River (Ritter et al., 166). Less than a month after the incident, the government of Minas Gerais state decided to reduce the requirements of environmental impact assessment for the field of mineral exploitation. Thus, the assessment should be supported by the government, which can be done through mass environmental education. Conclusion Environmental impact has been developed to give the local people an opportunity to refuse some construction projects if they hurt the environment, they live in. According to the researchers’ evidence, current environmental assessment tools are ineffective. First of all, their requirements are too general and vague. In addition, the companies and local governments often take it as a mere bureaucratic procedure that can be neglected. The tool needs to be further developed and improved by specialists. Researchers should be attracted, which would make the tool more specific. Works Cited Ritter Camilia D., McCrate Gabriel, Nilsson R. Henrik, Fearnside Philip M., Palme Ulrika, Antonelli Alexandre, Environmental impact assessment in Brazilian Amazonia: Challenges and prospects to assess biodiversity. Biological Conservation, 206 , 2017. Web. Caro-Gonzalez Ana, Toro Javier, Zamorano Montserrat . Effectiveness of environmental impact statement methods: A Colombian case study, Journal of Environmental Management , 2021. Web. Pope Jenny, Bond Alan, Cameron Carolyn, Retief Francois, Morrison-Saunders Angus. Are current effectiveness criteria fit for purpose? Using a controversial strategic assessment as a test case. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 70 , 2018, Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/environmental-impact-assessment-as-a-tool-of-environmental-justice/	284
Environmental Problems: Care of the Planet Essay Due to rapid population increases, human-generated conditions have caused significant disruption in the earth’s biosphere. Increased population has caused an increase in deforestation and the burning of fossil fuels. According to Brusseau et al. (2019), the world’s population is progressively increasing at a rapid rate. This increase has promoted encroachment of forested land for human settlement. Forest clearance causes climate change, soil erosion, and flooding. Moreover, the burning of fossil fuels due to the development of technology has led to increased emissions of carbon dioxide, which destroys the ozone layer, worsening the problem of climate change. According to research done on the effect of fossil fuel on the environment, fossil fuel is the leading cause of the environmental population (Li et al., 2019). Population pressure and technology have caused significant disruption of the biosphere through deforestation and fossil fuel use. The earth faces three major environmental crises: overpopulation, climate change, and global warming. Overpopulation is the leading cause of the two other problems. Overpopulation has been caused by the rapid increase in population in developing countries. The rapid population leads to an increase in the clearance of forests and industrialization. The gases produced in these industries disrupt the ozone layer, increasing temperatures. This situation with high temperatures causes the melting of glacial ice and increased precipitation promoting global warming (Tebaldi et al., 2021). Continued global warming slowly leads to changes in climate over time. The continued increase in population, global warming, and climate change has caused an environmental crisis. In conclusion, human beings should take good care of their planet. They should use birth control measures to control the rate of population growth. Moreover, governments should encourage the use of renewable energy sources to fossil fuels to reduce the effects of climate change and global warming. More effort should be given to planting trees to encounter the impact of deforestation (Al-Ghussain, 2018). Every person has to take care of the environment. Therefore, every person should make it their role to conserve the environment and save the world from environmental crises. References Brusseau, M. L., Pepper, I. L., & Gerba, C. P. (2019). The Extent of Global Pollution. Environmental and Pollution Science , 3–8. Web. Li, K., Fang, L., & He, L. (2019). How population and energy price affect China’s environmental pollution? Energy Policy , 129 , 386–396. Web. Tebaldi, C., Ranasinghe, R., Vousdoukas, M., Rasmussen, D. J., Vega-Westhoff, B., Kirezci, E., Kopp, R. E., Sriver, R., & Mentaschi, L. (2021). Extreme sea levels at different global warming levels. Nature Climate Change , 11 (9), 746–751. Web. Al-Ghussain, L. (2018). Global warming: Review on driving forces and mitigation. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy , 38 (1), 13–21. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/environmental-problems-care-of-the-planet/	285
Environmental Protection: Pollution and Fossil Fuels Essay Environmental protection has been at the forefront of people’s minds for a number of years recently, with a lot of effort going into protecting and conserving the planet we all live on. The reduction in personal waste, as well as systematic change both work towards the same goal of reducing carbon emissions and protecting the sanctity of natural resources. Many politicians and activists notice and understand the importance climate action has on securing a future for the entire human population. However, there are also significant problems that still have to be solved, many of which might uproot the entire foundation of modern economy. For the most prime example, it is interesting to explore the fossil fuel industry. The term used to describe a combination of oil and petroleum-related businesses, fossil fuel has been continuously cited as being dangerous for the planet. 1 (Fossil fuels and climate change: The Facts). The acquisition of oil, as shown by research, as well as its processing, emits gasses into the atmosphere, creating pollution. In addition, oil fuels cars and other types of vehicles, all of which contribute to the global pool of CO2 emissions. 2018 research has cited fossil fuels and the connected industries as 89% of the reason responsible for global CO2 output ( Fossil fuels and climate change: The Facts ). This means that a number of companies and organizations involved in this industry have an incredibly large influence over the wellbeing and prosperity of the planet. Furthermore, it has been noted that the oil firms knew and understood their own impact even in the past. As shown by investigations, the members of the fossil fuel industry with political power have been pushing against clean air legislation for years, all in an effort to protect their profits ( Oil firms knew decades ago fossil fuels posed grave health risks, files reveal 2021). The presently existing setting puts a small minority of people responsible for the problems the rest of humanity has to solve, which becomes a point of contention for many. All people live on the same planet, and protecting the environment is important. To breathe clean air, have fresh water, and to be able to enjoy nature’s wonders, we have made progress in restoring and conserving different parts of the Earth. However, there are still many problems people have not managed to solve, many of which are extremely important. Fuels that cars, planes, rockets and many other modes of transportation run on are made from oil. Oil is drilled from the earth, processed and shipped all across the globe for sale. However, scientists and experts now say that this process is dangerous to the planet and its inhabitants. By working with oil, big companies create pollution, one which makes the air quality worse and has the potential to affect the quality of water as well. The dangers associated with fuel industries and their work might have to be overlooked if people want to protect their planet. Furthermore, experts have found out that many working in oil firms have lied about the potential harm their work does, and tried their best to prevent politicians from regulating it. It is more important than ever for people to talk about and consider the dangers fossil-based fuels present to the world. To move towards a better future, society might have to change their preferred methods of transport, and the way they lead their lives altogether. References Fossil fuels and climate change: The Facts . ClientEarth. (n.d.). Web. Guardian News and Media. (2021). Oil firms knew decades ago fossil fuels posed grave health risks, files reveal . The Guardian. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/environmental-protection-pollution-and-fossil-fuels/	286
Environmental Scan for Hart City Domestic Violence Resource Center Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Identifying the Target Population and Agency 3. Available Resources 4. Data Sources for Environmental Scan 5. Conclusion 6. References Introduction An environmental scan is an ongoing process that tracks changes in trends in the current internal and external environment (Fordham University, n.d.). The internal factors may include budget issues, changes in leadership, and staffing issues. The external environment includes a wide range of factors, such as changes in the economy, politics, laws, technology, and the labor market. The present paper provides an environmental scan for Hart City Domestic Violence Resource Center. In particular, it identifies the target population, outlines the key resources, and provides an overview of data sources for assessing key factors and trends that may affect the Resource Center in the future. Identifying the Target Population and Agency The target population is survivors of domestic and intimate partner violence in Hart City and nearby territories. The agency under analysis is the Hart City Domestic Violence Resource Center. According to Emezue et al. (2020), at least one in three women globally experienced cases of domestic and intimate partner violence. The pandemic, along with other factors, had a significant impact on the matter in all parts of the world, including Hart City. Thus, it is crucial to conduct an environmental scan to make necessary corrections in the strategic planning for the organization. Available Resources Hart City Domestic Violence Resource Center provides a wide specter of services for survivors of domestic and intimate partner violence in Hart City. They include 24-hour consultations with qualified personnel through phone calls, texts, or online chat, trauma counseling, legal assistance, and financial assistance. Additionally, the resource center provides confidential housing in a domestic violence shelter and childcare. Data Sources for Environmental Scan There are two types of sources of information for the environmental scan, including qualitative and quantitative sources. Quantitative data is associated with numeric data that can be acquired from surveys or observations. Internal quantitative sources for the environmental scan include job satisfaction surveys, changes in key performance indicators, and levels of awareness of the community about the services provided by the center. The external quantitative sources may include surveys of the Hart City citizens about the quality of the provided services, suggestions about other services that should be added, and opinions about the situation concerning domestic violence in Hart City in general. Other types of external quantitative data include changes in GDP, local poverty levels, unemployment levels, and violent crime statistics. The acquired quantitative data may be used in the future to conduct an analysis of the environment using statistical methods. Qualitative data is associated with unstructured information received from interviews, observations, or focus groups. Internal qualitative sources include opinions of key staff on various subjects, including future funding, internal culture assessment, organizational structure, and potential for development. External qualitative sources may include the opinions of outside experts on the development of different spheres, such as the economy, politics, demography, and law. For instance, if the economy is expected to experience a significant recession in the nearest future or new anti-COVID measures are expected to be introduced, it is likely that the center will experience a significant increase in the number of service users. Thus, appropriate changes are to be made in the strategic plan. Conclusion Environmental scanning is a valuable instrument used by non-profit organizations for strategic planning. The information sources for the environmental scans can be internal and external. These sources can produce qualitative and quantitative data that can be used for future analysis. Hart City Domestic Violence Resource Center can benefit from all types of information sources listed in this paper. References Emezue, C. (2020). Digital or digitally delivered responses to domestic and intimate partner violence during COVID-19. JMIR public health and surveillance , 6 (3), e19831. Fordham University. (n.d.). Conducting an Environmental Scan. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/environmental-scan-for-hart-city-domestic-violence-resource-center/	287
Enzyme Conversion for Dopamine, Norepinephrine, and Serotonin Essay Dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin belong to the biogenic amines, and also they are neurotransmitters. Dopamine and norepinephrine are different from serotonin since they are catecholamines, which means that their precursor is tyrosine. All three mentioned neurotransmitters are synthesized through enzyme conversion. So, in the next paragraphs, the process of an enzyme conversion for dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin is briefly explored. As such, for dopamine, the first step of conversion involves a reaction with tyrosine hydroxylase, which is a catalyzer (Purves et al., 2018). DOPA, created after this step, interacts with DOPA decarboxylase (or aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase). The result of this reaction is dopamine, as shown in Figure 1. Therefore, dopamine is a biogenic amine neurotransmitter synthesized through the two-step conversion of tyrosine. Next, dopamine substances might be converted into norepinephrine via an enzyme. Precisely, dopamine β-hydroxylase is necessary for the next step of catalysis (Purves et al., 2018). The synthesis is shown in Figure 2, where norepinephrine is formed from dopamine. Hence, norepinephrine is a catecholamine, meaning that it is synthesized in the process of enzyme conversion with tyrosine being a precursor that needs three steps of interaction for a successful reaction. Finally, serotonin synthesis is different from that of dopamine and norepinephrine. Its precursor is the amino acid tryptophan, which is at first hydroxylated and then catalyzed by tryptophan hydroxylase. Figure 3 depicts the synthesis of serotonin in two steps that have been mentioned. In this way, serotonin is a biogenic amine neurotransmitter, which precursor is tryptophan that undergoes two-step catalysis. Reference Purves, D., Augustine, G., Fitzpatrick, D., Hall, W., LaMantia, A., White, L., Mooney, R., & Platt, M. (2018). Neuroscience (6th ed.). Oxford UP.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/enzyme-conversion-for-dopamine-norepinephrine-and-serotonin/	288
Epidemiological Methods and Measurements Essay Evidence-based decision-making necessary for efficient work enables practitioners to search and explore different studies formats, such as cohort or randomized controlled trials. The method determines the scope of participants, the hypotheses formulation, possible outcomes, and even ethical considerations (Wang & Kattan, 2020). A well-prepared practitioner should obtain theoretical knowledge about all research types to distinct them and use them for gathering information in professional circumstances. This paper aims to discuss, compare, and characterize cohort studies and randomized controlled trial formats. The cohort study is a valuable method for healthcare research because it analyzes several hypotheses and compares the outcomes simultaneously. Indeed, multiple samples (cohorts) are followed longitudinally to reveal the results of interventions (Teague et al., 2018). Another method selected for this assignment is the randomized controlled trial (RCT) which is based on dividing participants into groups without considering any specific factors. In such studies, half receive the intervention to be tested, while the rest get alternative treatment (Naidoo et al., 2020). RCTs are helpful when biases and other influences on a result must be minimized, and it allows to study and measure specific actions or products. The fundamental difference between the cohort study method and RCT is how the sampling is performed. The former requires considering the participants’ characteristics to form groups and study intervention, and, in contrast, the randomized format makes researchers eliminate any individualized factors from the equation (Naidoo et al., 2020). Another significant distinction is the timing because cohort studies require to be conducted for a prolonged period to retrieve sufficient evidence to make conclusions and observe the interventions’ results (Thampy et al., 2019). RCTs tend to be shorter because there are fewer factors to consider, and only one specific activity is being analyzed. The cohort study tends to be related to extensive epidemiological research because interventions require participants with diverse conditions to be involved and observed for an extended period. The massive advantage of such a method is that it results in a broad scope of data that calculates risk percentage and incidence. Furthermore, multiple factors or interventions can be studied simultaneously on diverse populations and provide a sufficient foundation for further research (Wang & Kattan, 2020). Disadvantages of a cohort method are the time and expenses it requires and the impossibility of establishing causal effects of an intervention. Correlational studies are conducted to reveal the relationship between the identified variables without active control or manipulation by researchers. It can be characterized through specific methods such as observation and survey and the expected correlation-based results (Rezigalla, 2020). Moreover, the research does not provide evidence for cause and effect, yet the conclusions tend to contain significant statistical data about the variables (Rezigalla, 2020). Correlational design can be selected for quantitative studies where the goal of identifying the relationship between variables does not require direct intervention. A research pyramid is a valuable tool for healthcare professionals to select the right design applicable to the desired outcomes. The scheme levels the evidence-based on its weight for decision-making and can be used to identify if the results are worth considering (Thampy et al., 2019). The cohort study design is in the middle of the research pyramid, meaning that the quality of conclusions is not the highest, yet sufficient for gathering information for further decision-making. All types of research are valuable for evidence-based decisions in nursing, and a practitioner must be able to identify and select them according to their needs. The cohort study design is necessary for retrieving the information about the longitudinal following of specific populations. The RCT type provides sufficient data about certain interventions and eliminates the biases that weaken the conclusions. The research pyramid is a tool to select the study to conduct or explore based on the strength of its evidence. References Naidoo, N., Nguyen, V. T., Ravaud, P., Young, B., Amiel, P., Schante, D., & Boutron, I. (2020). The research burden of randomized controlled trial participation: A systematic thematic synthesis of qualitative evidence. BMC Medicine, 18 (1), 1-11. Web. Rezigalla, A. A. (2020). Observational study designs: Synopsis for selecting an appropriate study design. Cureus, 12 (1), e6692. Web. Teague, S., Youssef, G. J., Macdonald, J. A., Sciberras, E., Shatte, A., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., & Hutchinson, D. (2018). Retention strategies in longitudinal cohort studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 18 (1), 1-22. Web. Thampy, H., Willert, E., & Ramani, S. (2019). Assessing Clinical Reasoning: Targeting the higher levels of the pyramid. Journal Of General Internal Medicine, 34 (8), 1631-1636. Web. Wang, X., & Kattan, M. W. (2020). Cohort studies: Design, analysis, and reporting. Chest, 158 (1), 72-78. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/epidemiological-methods-and-measurements/	289
Epigenetics: Analysis of Article Essay Table of Contents 1. Summary 2. Epigenetics Article 3. Family History 4. Discussion 5. Enhancing Life and Longevity 6. References Summary It is puzzling that monozygotic twins who originate from a single egg and share similar appearances often grow to depict slight differences irrespective of the genes showing a considerable genetic component. The idea of epigenetics can better elucidate this conundrum. Epigenetics refers to the study of how cells regulate gene functions and activities without altering the essential sequence of DNA (Hanson & Hotaling, 2020). The model helps in understanding how variations linked to DNA control how genes are switched off or on. These modifications are anchored in DNA and do not transform the building blocks of this hereditary material. The PBS video provides insightful discussion about this perplexing notion by offering a detailed explanation of identical twins and the commencement of diseases. The documentary shows that epigenetic variations mark as consistent and natural happening but can be impacted by other elements such as environment, age, disease state, and lifestyle. Epigenetic changes often occur through cell regeneration into brain cells, liver cells, or skin cells. Through this process, the cell adjustments can result in more harmful ramifications, such as the commencement of diseases like cancer and even other conditions such as obesity (Hanson & Hotaling, 2020). The movie also reveals three common systems that are linked to gene silencing and are highly regarded in the start and sustaining of epigenetic changes. The three entail non-coding RNA, histone modification, and DNA methylation. Epigenetics Article In their article, Hanson and Hotaling (2020) clarify how epigenetic deviations are involved in regulating many processes in the human body. For example, the concept serves a role in controlling the male reproductive system. In the article, epigenetics is described as modifications to an individual’s phenotype, which emanates distinctly and separately from the fundamental DNA sequence. The two main molecular alterations within this realm of epigenetics are posttranslational histone amendment and DNA methylation. The authors further offer a vivid demonstration that explains how epigenetics partly contributes to infertility among men. For example, they highlight that different epigenetic outlines in semen that have been identified in males include low sperm count, poor movement of sperm, and abnormal semen shape. Reconfigured pathways of epigenesist, which effectively build high qualities semen, encompass lifestyle watch and environmental factors. Furthermore, epigenetics’s irregularities might have damaging consequences on semen assessment parameters, placentation, implantation, fertilization, or embryonic growth (Hanson & Hotaling, 2020). While epigenetic adjustments do not trigger alterations within the gene, it could offer a reasonable clarification to some occurrences of men impotence were no genomic inconsistencies through the known conventional methods. Besides changes in the gametes, epigenetic differences which change the spermatozoa could affect postejaculatory semen and their survival could cause disturbances to typical cytokine instruction liable for primary embryogenesis. Family History After completing my family history based on Dr. Oz’s Work Sheet, it is now clear how the concept of epigenesis works. While several differences exist among the diseases identified in the family members, the history marks a critical risk factor for various conditions, as seen in the commencement of illnesses among the family. For example, the outcome of the score shows that many of my family members have anemia, high cholesterol, asthma, and allergies. Reflecting on the model of epigenetics, it is clear that every member of my family inherited some genes, encompassing socioeconomic and cultural experiences that positioned them at danger of some of these diseases. Certain conditions, such as human cancer, develop as a result of increased accrual of epigenetic shifts. The changes are recognized to show in both normal and cancerous cells. Precise trends of changes are connected to ecological influences. The build-up is related to the threat of cancer and can be used for cancer risk evaluation. Moreover, Takeshima and Ushijima (2019) highlight that a risk metric based on hereditary genes is not enough because it fails to encompass environmental involvement and age factors. Based on the completed family history assessment, I would not wholly link my risk metric to the outcome of the investigation and infer that I am vulnerable to the above-identified conditions. However, considering inherited genetic modifications identified from the parents, siblings, and other close relatives, I would conclude that environmental interaction and susceptible genomes are directly interrelated to the pathogenesis of such ailments. Discussion After finishing the 100 Living questionnaires, the outcomes were slightly fair, even though I anticipated much better scores. Explicitly, my healthy life expectancy stands at about 65 years. The outcome could be partly attributed to my lack of a consistent and healthy diet and lifestyle. Alternatively, my complete life expectancy score is 76.7 years which stands for the years without cancer, diabetes, or heart disease. My overall life expectancy score could be impacted by family history, demographic factors, lifestyle, or environmental factors. Further, my possible life expectancy stands at 96.5 years based on the conducted assessment, thereby exposing that I can hypothetically add about 22 years with a huge lifestyle amendment and sickness prevention strategies. While it is hard to locate the exact factor that impacts these outcomes, I would cite economic well-being, socioeconomic status, and health behaviors among the main facets behind the outcome. Socioeconomic conditions can impact the health results of a person since it is directly associated with the value of healthcare that an individual can access (McCrory et al., 2019). Furthermore, economic welfare has a huge capability to influence the outcome since it can facilitate access to healthy meal plans and lower anxiety and stress. Finally, healthy conduct impacted the outcome due to my inconsistent exercise pattern and poor diet. Enhancing Life and Longevity The concept of epigenetics remains perplexing on how it leads to differences even between identical twins. However, with the vast knowledge acquired through learning this concept coupled with the discerning exercise of assessing family history, I commit to improving my longevity and health by making numerous adjustments. Part of the changes could include adopting a healthy diet that integrates fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Whole grains help to lower the danger associated with diabetes and heart disease since they have endosperm, germ, bran, and kernel. Alternatively, fruits and vegetables are brilliant sources of minerals, vitamins, nutrients, and enzymes. The approach would go a long way in reducing the chances of developing heart-related conditions. Furthermore, I will start regular exercise to ensure that I remain active and decrease the risk of heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes. Finally, by exercising regularly, I would lower anxiety and stress linked to frustrations over issues at school, home, and the workplace. Therefore, these minor changes would result in adjustments in my behavior and mindset thereby impacting how my offspring handle stressful issues. References Hanson, B. M., & Hotaling, J. M. (2020). Male factor infertility: Genetic and epigenetic aspects. Human Reproductive Genetics , 1 (1), 123-142. Web. McCrory, C., Fiorito, G., Cheallaigh, C. N., Polidoro, S., Karisola, P., Alenius, H.,… & Kenny, R. A. (2019). How does socio-economic position (SEP) get biologically embedded? A comparison of allostatic load and the epigenetic clock (s). Psychoneuroendocrinology , 104 (1), 64-73. Web. Takeshima, H., & Ushijima, T. (2019). Accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in normal cells and cancer risk. NPJ Precision Oncology , 3 (1), 1-8. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/epigenetics-analysis-of-article/	290
Esport Based on Valorant and League of Legends Examples Research Paper Introduction With the development of the gaming industry, growth of its target audience’s amount, and the spreading of the Internet, electronic sports are becoming more and more popular competitive activity. Electronic sports are often referred to as eSports or egames, and imply organized video gaming. The primary concept of eSports can be seen as a competition of teams against each other in tournaments for a prize, usually in the form of cash and a title. From this perspective, eSports are similar to traditional sports competitions. The Transition of Games from Singleplayer to Multiplayer The history of transferring games from a hobby to professional sports began in the 1990s. It is connected to the rise of the accessible worldwide web. The Internet has connected gamers; thus, it enabled competitive gaming and contributed to the growth of the popularity of games. Then, in 1997, the world’s first eSports event, the Red Annihilation tournament for Quake game was conducted and held about 2000 participants. A short time after this competition, a gaming league named Cyberathlete Professional League (CPL) was formed. In 2017, the total Esports prize money amounted to $110.6 million from a total of 3765 tournaments. Gamers used to compete playing through game consoles before the industry went online. Playing with another player via the same console offline is still a common way to have fun with friends and relatives living in the same place. It also enables to deepen into competition due to specific atmosphere complementing the process, which is also why many tournaments prefer to gather teams in one room adjusted for playing. In addition, few games do not support online multiplayer mode still. However, all the other benefits are attributed to playing games online. It is simpler to connect with people through the word via Internet, and more and more games have a well-functioning multiplayer. The Discussion of Two Popular Multiplayer Games and Their Concepts Background and Development of League of Legends League of Legends is currently one of the world’s biggest eSports that emerged from the Warcraft 3 mod Defence of the Ancients. In 2005, Feak and Mescon created a company named Riot Games. After fours years, the idea of League of Legends came alive and became popular for both amateurs and professionals Free-To-Play game. This game is compared to DOTA, which has a similar concept. Currently, League of Legends counts millions of active players, hundreds of teams, and dozens of regular tournaments. The concept of League of Legends and the viewer or gamer perspective League of Legends is a Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA), which is usually played with two teams consisting of 5 players. This concept enables the high competitiveness of the process and requires teamwork for the win. Each team has its primary building – the base and towers that are defensive structures. The objective of a team is to destroy the opponents’ main building. Isometric battle arena has three lanes, a jungle between them, and a river dividing the map between two teams. Gamers choose champions with unique abilities they will be playing for the next game. Depending on the champion, each player has a role they usually stick to for the benefit of team play. Gamers have access to the internal market, where they can purchase items that strengthen their characters for gold, which is earned for killing opponents’ champions and neutral enemies. Professional players try to fully express the strengths of their characters and not opponents to use their weaknesses, such and vulnerabilities to some form of damage, low health points, low speed, inability to buy artifacts fast, and others. With respect to the viewer and gamer point of view, League of Legends has an isometric perspective for them both, as it is the most convenient for such type of strategy-like games. Viewers and gamers and switch between locked and free cameras and choose whether it is fixed on a specific character or not. The two differences between ones who watch the game and one who plays are the opportunity of the last to see through the fog of war through every champions’ “eyes” and the additional statistics. Simultaneously, players can only see what is revealed by their and their allies’ champions. Background and Development of Valorant Valorant is another popular Free-To-Play AAA game supported by Riot company. The genre of the game is tactical team-based FPS shooter. The game’s development started in 2014, and it was officially released in June 2020, after a closed beta period. This game’s producers were inspired by a series of shooters Counter-strike. What is interesting about Valorant is that Riot pays great attention to storytelling, making every of the game’s champions more than a playable character but rather a living person with their background and unique features. Even though this innovative game intended to gather the strengths of its close competitors has begun to grow activity not so long ago, it is already popular enough to be claimed as a future of multiplayer shooters. The concept of Valorant and the viewer or gamer perspective Valorant is slightly similar to League of Legends, as it is also focused on the competition between two teams. However, a broad list of differences confirms the uniqueness of Valorant’s concept. The goal of each team is to win 13 rounds, which is done by killing all the opponents’ champions (agents) or detonating the “spike” (bomb). The game can be compared with such tactical shooters as Counter-strike, Overwatch, and Apex Legends. All the playable characters have unique abilities that determine their role, which can be duelist (DPS class), initiator (intending to initiate fights), or sentinel (supports). After choosing a unique agent, there is a buy phase, during which players can buy guns and abilities, and then, a round begins. Valorant is the first-person shooter that implies that a gamer does not see his own character but only the weapons he holds. During a game, a player does not track his opponents until they are visible for the agent they are playing for. However, while viewing a match, it is possible to see red figures indicating an opponent team’s agents, while the perspective stays the same (first-person). It is possible to make a camera free to have an overview of the entire battlefield without sticking to one of 10 players. The Platforms to Play the Games, Selection of Characters and the Use of Avatars It is possible to list all game platforms to provide an overview of what is actually can be used to play before proceeding to opportunities Valorant and League of Legends provide to their audiences. It includes: Personal computers (PC), consoles, mobile, virtual reality, arcade, television, web browser, and streaming. The most popular and oldest platform to experience video games are PC, suitable for most games while enabling customization of a gaming place with different accessories. It is not surprising that both of the games are available to play via this platform. The mobile platform, including both Android and IOS based devices, is expected to support Valorant in the nearest future, while League of Legends is already available for gamers to download and play. Riot Games company also promises to launch both their games via consoles in a year or two. It is possible that television is also can be used to play those games, for instance, with the help of the connected PC. However, it is likely that neither Valorant nor League of Legends will be ported to arcades or will be available to play via a web browser. Speaking about picking characters in Valorant and League of legends, the system is the same for both games. All the player has a set of playable characters, more than 140 for League of Legends and 15 for Valorant. There is a specific order for picking champions or agents that depends on the mode of the game. For instance, in a regular game, a player can choose any hero at any time, if only it is not banned by others (every player has a limited number of votes to ban one or another champion). In a tournament or in certain game modes, teams pick a champion each by order. The only rule that is always must be adhered to is that it is not possible to pick the same hero twice. Basically, all these nuances are needed for the balance of the games and their fairness. With respect to players’ avatars in those games, each player has an avatar of the champion/ agent they play for, known as summoner icon. They are used to determine who plays for a specific hero that enables to coordinate team play. Moreover, League of Legends enables players to use and customize their personal avatar intended to personalize a gamer’s profile for their convenience and a better experience. Avatar creator enables to choose among a broad range of facial features, hairstyles, and outfits. Although it is not essential for gameplay, it does influence the attractiveness of a game for players. ESport Tournaments and Gaming as a Career 15 years ago, no one could imagine that playing games would become a lucrative career opportunity. About 80% of teenage girls and 95% of teenage boys play video games, and it reveals the close attention of the younger generation to the global eSports market. The other representative indicator of the industry’s potential is that it has grown to $1.9 billion by the end of 2018. Speaking about the earning of gamers, in 2015, four people made more than $1.73 million, while members of many other professional teams had more than $100,000 in income. ESports players earn money in prizes for winning events, advertising, sponsorships, and salaries. Although not many gamers make sums enough for living, with the maturing of the industry, so will be growing players’ incomes. There is only one way in eSports to become a valuable professional; it is to improve skills and to win. Then, there is a chance to join a team and sign a contract with its owner that will eventually lead to global tournaments and opportunities to win high prizes. The above-mentioned eSports tournaments are competitions between two teams consisting of 5-6 players each. The most popular games to duel in are League of Legends, Overwatch, Fortnite, Dota, Valorant, and others. Most amateur and professional events cost about $10-20 to spectate or participate, while a ticket to the League of Legends Championships can cost up to $70. The prize or the jackpot for winning teams can vary from a few thousand to millions dollars. Such events take place around the world, including cities like Lo Angeles, San Francisco, Seoul, Tokyo, Shanghai, Hong Kong, and others. The Investing Companies of ESports and the Development of Mobile versions of the Games The above-mentioned mobile devices are one of the platforms many games can be developed for or ported into. While League of Legends can already be downloaded as a mobile game, it is likely that Valorant will also eventually have its own mobile version, which is not even announced yet. Porting of games, which implies designing it for another platform, is associated with some challenges. For instance, the opportunities to control a unit via a phone are significantly restricted compared to PCs’ ones. Although Riot company managed to launch the League of Legends mobile version, it is known for being less convenient for players, and therefore it is not used widely for conducting tournaments. It is even the general approach of all the companies not to enable players using different platforms to play with each other to maintain the balance and fairness of the game. Global eSports industry in one of many others worthy to invest in. It is expected that in 2021, its revenue will exceed $1 billion and will grow up to $1.8 billion in 2022, which makes gaming companies attractive for potential investors. Some of the investing companies (ones having esports stocks) are Activision Blizzard Inc. (ATVI), a video game developer known for Overwatch and Call of Duty, and the owner of Grand Theft Auto Take-Two Interactive Software Inc. (TTWO). It is also can be recommended to consider Electronic Arts Inc. (EA) known for Apex Legends and FIFA and Roblox Corp. (RBLX) owning a platform enabling users to make their own games. Conclusion Currently, more and more people are becoming engaged in eSports as viewers or players, which makes the industry, which began as a casual hobby, grow to a huge market. With the spread of the Internet, multiplayer obtained popularity, making competitions, such as amateur and professional tournaments be world-class events with high prices. Riot company, the famous game developer, is known for League of Legends, MOBA game, and Valorant, tactical team-based FPS shooter. The common platform for playing those games is PC, but League of Legends has a mobile version, and both of the games are expected to be ported to a console. Playing games is a solid career opportunity now, as many professional players have high income due to prizes, salaries, and advertising. Some of the largest companies even have their own stock, which anyone can invest in. Predictably, the industry will be growing further, which brings to the conclusion that eSports will not only continue to be popular but will even rise in activity. Bibliography Adair, Cam. “What is eSports? History, Top Teams, Revenues and Risks.” Game Quitters . Web. Bountie, Gaming. “ The History and Evolution of Esports. ” Bounties Gaming (blog), 2018. Web. Henningson, Joakim. “ The history of League of Legends. ” RedBull , 2020. Web. “Valorant: Story And Background For Riot’s Tactical FPS.” Gnfinity , Web. Das, Abhimannu. “ How to Play Valorant: A Beginner’s Guide. ” Afkgaming , 2021. Web. “A Guide to the Different Types of Video Game Platforms.” Glassyeyewear, 2021. Web. Sparks, Bright. “Beyond fun, when being a gamer turns into a lucrative career.” BBC.com . Web. “Esports Tournaments and Events.” NCSA . Web. Duggan, Wayne. “7 Best Esports Stocks to Buy.” USNews , Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/esport-based-on-valorant-and-league-of-legends-examples/	291
Ethic Issue: Kiara’s Case Reflections Essay The situation with a psychotherapist Kiara and her client is ambiguous: while she eventually provided the informed consent form, she did it only after three months of therapy. Initially, she only briefly mentioned confidentiality and the client’s rights, stating that everything said in her office will remain there. When Kiara visited the conference where the malpractice in confidentiality was discussed, she realized that she had forgotten about the consent form and presented it to the client, who was confused by that (Corey, 2015). By that time, the trust between the client and Kiara had already been established, but it began to fade after that situation. Eventually, the customer left the therapy and never returned. To understand the situation with Kiara, one should analyze the ethical code and client’s rights and then understand which of them were followed and not followed. While she explicitly stated the confidentiality right and the therapy’s process description, she forgot to mention the limitations of confidentiality and other sides of the practice, such as financial considerations (Corey, 2015). In addition, she only said those descriptions verbally, without making a written agreement or consent form. As her colleague, I would advise Kiara to ensure that a client will fill out the informed consent form next time. If she did not make it, I think it will not be good to mention it: she only must ensure that the client’s personal information will not be shared. In my opinion, it was an excellent alternative to her action: it would save the trust between her and the client. It would be ethical, as Kiara would not actually compromise the customer and, thus, should ensure that they will not stop trusting her. Reference Corey, G. (2015). Chapter 5: Client rights and counselor responsibilities. In Issues and Ethics in the Helping Professions (9th ed., pp. 152–162). Cengage Learning.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/ethic-issue-kiaras-case-reflections/	292
Ethical and Psychological Egoism Essay Ethical egoism is the opinion that individuals should follow their own interests and that no one has any responsibility to promote the interests of others. As a result, it is a normative or prescriptive concept focused on how individuals should conduct themselves. In this regard, ethical egoism differs from psychological egoism, which holds that all of our behaviors are fundamentally motivated by self-interest (Moseley, 2005). According to Teachphilosophy, the key points of egoism are concentrated on “acting on self-interest, and not arbitrary feelings”, as much as helping only oneself, not others (Teachphilosophy, 2014, 0:16). Hume contends that one’s own interest is diametrically opposed to moral impulses that could interest one in sympathy for others and inspire one’s activities for others (Moseley, 2005). Meanwhile, in The wealth of nations by Adam Smith, the writer highlights the public advantages that emerge from self-interested action (Moseley, 2005). Ring of Gyges While ethical egoism focuses on self-interest and disregarding the interests of others, psychological egoism is centered around actions or behavior that can bring benefits (Moseley, 2005). Glaucon argues that humans exercise justice in order to escape the punishment that would result if they disregarded society’s rules (Plato, 2007). As a result, it is in man’s interest to respect the law because they are afraid of the repercussions if they are found breaking the law. Glaucon’s explanation is consistent with a number of ethical theories, including psychological and ethical egoism. In essence, he believed that all humans are greedy, self-interested, and selfish. As a result, Glaucon endorses the notion that individuals only act righteously whenever they feel it will help them achieve positive goals for themselves and that humans are psychological egoists rather than ethical ones. References Moseley, A. (2005). Egoism . Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Plato. (2007). The Republic . Penguin Classics. Teachphilosophy. (2014). Ethical Egoism Lecture [Video]. YouTube. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/ethical-and-psychological-egoism/	293
Ethical Issues of the Information Age Essay Richard Mason (1986) summarizes the most important ethical issues of the information age in a single acronym – PAPA (privacy, accuracy, property, accessibility). Privacy stands for the level of exposure of personal information to other users. Accuracy refers to the accountability for errors in information and the subsequent choice of the person to blame. Property deals with the question of ownership of information and the means of its transmission. Finally, accessibility underscores the opportunity and conditions of obtaining information. Analyzing real-life examples is essential in understanding the exact nature of each ethical issue. I personally experienced the inadvertent invasion of privacy when a professor instructed students to bring laptops for presentations. We connected the laptops to a projector in order to make the audience see the slides for themselves. Unfortunately, everyone also observed the layout of the desktop, which contained numerous shortcuts, some of which were of delicate nature. This situation was also indicative of access problems, as the lack of computer equipment in the classroom forced the students and the professor to use their own devices. Had there been a computer provided by the administration, no violation of privacy or the necessity to resort to personal gadgets would have taken place. Another episode highlights the issues of accuracy and property of information. At some point, I had to take a seasonal job with an employer who paid most of my salary in cash in order to minimize taxes. However, when I contacted him for subsequent tax deductions, I suddenly realized that most of the transactions were never officially registered, which was a violation of accuracy. I tried to learn how much money he had actually saved by paying in cash. However, my employer framed my inquiry as a violation of his informational property, which was completely reasonable. Reference Mason, R. O. (1986). Four ethical issues of the information age. MIS Quarterly , 5-12.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/ethical-issues-of-the-information-age/	294
Ethical Principles in Case of Belmont Report Essay It is important to note that the core ethical principles of the Belmont Report clearly outline three core elements. In accordance with the report, these include respect for persons, beneficence, and justice (Office for Human Research Protections, 1979). The case study presents a situation where the researcher, Dr. Jones, failed to comply with the ethical principles by justifying such measure with risk-benefit assessment in favor of children. It is evident that all three principles have not adhered to some degree or extent. Firstly, Dr. Jones failed to comply with the principle of respect for all persons. The report states that the given principle is rooted in “the requirement to acknowledge autonomy and the requirement to protect those with diminished autonomy” (Office for Human Research Protections, 1979, para. 12). In other words, since the subjects of the research were drug abusers, they could fall into both categories. By not informing the parents about the primary purpose of the research, Dr. Jones exhibited disrespect for all persons, which include drug abusers and child abusers as well. Parents are autonomous agents who must be informed about the research in which they are deciding to participate. A similar case can be observed in the Milgram study, which also involved deception and non-provision of the research objectives. The main reason is that subjects were led to believe they were to administer shocks for fake test subjects, and they were the primary research interest in order to observe the impact of authority on obedience (Yanow & Schwartz-Shea, 2018). In both cases, there is a sense of deception and untruthfulness in regards to research participants. Secondly, Dr. Jones evidently failed to comply with the ethical principle of beneficence. One can see how the researcher justified the beneficence of the research since it could have led to fewer children being abused. However, the report states that there are “two general rules have been formulated as complementary expressions of beneficent actions in this sense: (1) do not harm and (2) maximize possible benefits and minimize possible harms” (Office for Human Research Protections, 1979, para. 17). In other words, the harms of the research were present, where a parent could become a subject for more research projects. In addition, in the most desirable outcome, child abuse cases would only stop among drug-abusing parents, but child abuse is not solely practiced by drug abusers. The problem is a complex one, which should not be addressed with simplistic solutions. Thirdly, Dr. Jones failed to adhere to the principle of justice and fairness. The report states that the formulations of justice include “(1) to each person an equal share, (2) to each person according to individual need, (3) to each person according to individual effort, (4) to each person according to societal contribution, and (5) to each person according to merit” (Office for Human Research Protections, 1979, para. 21). The researcher did not ensure the presence of justice by not properly informing the parents on the primary purpose of the research. All other research projects involving human subjects provide clear and succinct information to the participants, but the researcher decided that the subjects of the given study were not entitled to such transparency. Therefore, it was unjust of Dr. Jones to conduct such research, and no risk-benefit assessment can provide sufficient justification for it. In conclusion, one should be aware of three fundamental principles of ethics. The latter includes respect for all persons, beneficence, and justice. Dr. Jones primarily failed to comply with the former two, but the last one was also dismissed to a certain extent. References Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP). (1979). The Belmont Report . HHS.gov. Web. Yanow, D., & Schwartz-Shea, P. (2018). Framing “deception” and “covertness” in research: Do Milgram, Humphreys, and Zimbardo justify regulating social science research ethics? Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 19 (3), 1-31. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/ethical-principles-in-case-of-belmont-report/	295
Ethical Relativism: Major Challenges Essay On the one hand, the concept of ethical relativism provides a unique opportunity of finding the middle ground and introducing a compromise into the discussion of a contentious moral issue. On the other hand, ethical relativism incorporates quite a range of contradictions and challenges to resolving moral concerns. Therefore, considering the essential objections to the idea of ethical relativism is vital to the development of a cohesive argument. The attempt at establishing the idea that no objective truth can be located in any circumstances and that every situation could be seen as ethically ambiguous is the main issue that ethical relativism suggests. The challenge of maintaining some semblance of moral standards and differentiating between the objective good and the objective evil increases exponentially with the incorporation of ethical relativism into the discussion, as s Pojman warns (MacKInnon & Fiala, 2017). Therefore, the continuous focus on ethical relativism may blur the boundaries between right and wrong. Additionally, ethical relativism may turn out to be self-contradictory after closer consideration of its key postulates. Namely, Pojman explains that the core argument of ethical relativism may imply the creation of a strawman, therefore, leading to a logical fallacy and failing to represent a real-life scenario fully (MacKInnon & Fiala, 2017). Specifically, Pojman explains that the application of moral relativism often implies distorting the opposing perspective, thus, representing the proponents of a specific viewpoint as those on the extreme side of the debate (MacKInnon & Fiala, 2017). Although adhering strictly to a specific ethical position without considering the effort to examine the opposing standpoints does have a distinctive air of rigidity, it still does not approach the notion of ethical extremism, which is why ethical relativism fails to represent the opponents properly. Thus, ethical relativism has a range of dents in its framework, which must be considered closely prior to selecting the theory as the foundation for decision-making. Reference MacKInnon, B., & Fiala, A. (2017). Ethics: Theory and contemporary issues (9th ed.). Cengage Learning.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/ethical-relativism-major-challenges/	296
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism Differences Essay Culture is one of the main characteristics of human behavior that can be shaped through the existing beliefs, norms, and values. There are several ways to learn the importance and impact of culture, and the two most common approaches are cultural relativism and ethnocentrism. For a long period, ethnocentrism was the norm for understanding the context of a culture in human interactions. The main idea is that someone’s culture should be considered a standard for measuring other cultures. In other words, researchers aim at comparing similarities of different cultural elements (beliefs or practices) through the prism of a particular culture. It is enough to use one culture for analysis and rely on its origins for judging other cultures. However, this method is usually associated with incorrect or subjective assumptions about behaviors. To eliminate provocative biases and questions, cultural relativism was introduced as a possibility to assess cultures using their specific standards instead of focusing on the basics of one culture. Thus, the main difference between cultural relativism and ethnocentrism is the role of foreign cultures in evaluation. There are many examples of ethnocentrism and cultural relativism in the modern world. One of the most evident illustrations of ethnocentrism is the American belief that all people, regardless of their origins, should know and speak English as it is the world’s dominant language. Using the same example, cultural relativism helps explain a variety of languages across the globe and justify this diversity as an attempt to recognize the validity of choices and moral rights. In this case, cultural relativism may be too extreme because it is difficult for people to communicate in different languages. There has to be a rule or a standard beyond cultures that allows individuals to cooperate internationally. The processes of globalization and industrialization are inevitable today, and cultural relativism may be inappropriate when equal conditions should be created for some activities.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/ethnocentrism-and-cultural-relativism-differences/	297
Eugene O’Neill: One of the Most Famous Playwrights Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Writing Career and Plays 3. Eugene O’Neil’s Themes 4. O’Neil’s Nobel Prize 5. Conclusion 6. Works Cited Introduction Eugene O’Neill was one of the most famous playwrights ever known in the history of America. His masterpiece, “Long Day’s journey into the night”, is at the tip of several outstanding plays the writer had. Eugene Gladstone O’Neill was born in New York City in 1888 (Selman & Zainal 444). His talent for piercing and poignant dramas came from a life glaring with challenges. After being born, his mother, Mary Ellen, had undergone difficult childbirth and was given morphine to assist her. However, she developed an addiction to the drug as she was also grieving for O’Neil’s older brother, who had been infected by measles and died three years earlier. On the other hand, his father was a stage actor who, at the time, had a role in a touring production of a particular film. Most of O’Neil’s early life was spent on the road, in hotel rooms, trains, and backstage (Otto). He was then sent to a boarding school at seven years old and would grow up to blame his father for the rough and challenging time the family led. As a child, he was brought up with two influences that were mainly in a dramatic conflict; his father’s peasant Irish Catholicism and his mother’s genteel mystical piety. Therefore, Eugene O’Neil had theatre in his blood, and his high sense of drama and his struggle with religion and God (all depicted in his play) were a result of his parents. Writing Career and Plays O’Neil never finished his formal education, but he would later attend a playwriting class at Harvard. He tried several careers, such as writing as a journalist and working on steamer ships as a seaman. After being diagnosed with tuberculosis, Eugene O’Neil reflected on his life and goals and decided to enter into playwriting. This saw the surfacing of a theater writer who would in the coming years, grow to be one of the most admired playwrights. A very small theatre group called the Provincetown Players acted in Eugene O’Neil’s earliest plays which mostly entailed the years he spent as a seaman (Selman & Zainal 443). They consisted of a series of one-acts that largely contributed to O’Neil’s quick push into the writer’s first triumphant period as a playwriter. He then became a full-time author of many full-length plays, including the famously known “Strange Interlude”, “Anna Christie”, and “Beyond the Horizon”. Aside from this, the writer also worked on other plays that brought new standards to the modern stage of America through the use of Greek drama to paint present world characters. Eugene O’Neil’s Themes Among the constantly noticed themes in Eugene O’Neil’s pieces are those of death and mourning. This is majorly due to his experiences and the sadness he sustained in his life. For instance, the writer had to deal with his closest family within a short period. He lost his parents and brother between the years 1920 to 1923 (Rahimipour 45). Eugene was not able to deal with the death of their parents well, but his older brother was unable to cope with this loss as he succumbed to destructive alcoholism (alcohol abuse) and died later at 45 years old. Some of the central themes of O’Neil’s works are those of family life and being masked. Many of O’Neil’s works, such as “Long Day’s Journey into Night” , are centered on family and the struggles of family life. The play displays how dysfunctional families can be by giving honest descriptions of his family (Rahimipour 47). Another common theme by the writer is that of actors wearing a “mask.” This theme is used as a symbol to show what his characters are hiding. Through his plays, Eugene O’neil significantly contributed to the revelation of the problems faced by humanity at the time, including a morality crisis within the deep parts of society and family. O’Neill’s work made him famous to date as he was exceptionally known for his dramatism. Through his writings, he was able to bring alive moments within his writings that showed the aspects of his character’s emotions. Through him, psychological and social realism were introduced to the stages of American plays (Dubost). His skills in writing made him win prizes such as the Nobel Prize and Pulitzer Prize for drama. One of his greatest plays that made him famous is “Long Day’s Journey into Night”. His plays are considered the pinnacle of 20th-century American theatre (Ibrahim et al.). Through his masterpieces, he made lots of sales, and for nearly 20 years, his work continued to inspire other dramatists. Most of O’Neil’s writing had not been converted into plays, but almost half of them were converted. O’Neil’s Nobel Prize O’Neill received his Nobel Prize for literature in 1936 during his visit to Seattle. He won it because of the honesty, power, and deep-felt emotions in his dramatic work that made it possible to display an original concept of a tragedy (Ibrahim et al.). Earning the Nobel Prize made him the first and only American playwright to be given the Nobel for Literature. Before his Nobel Prize, he had written nearly 60 plays but, 35 of his plays were the only ones produced (Dubost). Through his Nobel Prize, O’Neil was able to build his house, which he later called the Tao House. On the day of receiving the Nobel, O’Neill was unable to attend as he was sick. Due to his sickness, he was advised by his doctor that he had to isolate himself for a while. As such, in his absence, he had sent a letter to Sweden. In his letter, he had written a speech to be read in front of the Swedish audience (Morash 115). He expressed his apologies for not attending the festival to receive his award and his appreciation for winning the award. In his statements, he stated that the Nobel Prize was a recognition of his work and the efforts of all his colleagues in America (Lee 196). He also hoped that the Nobel Prize would be used as a symbol of recognition by Europe for the coming-of-age of American theatre. In his final statement, he felt pride and gratitude to the Swedish people and to his influencer Strindberg who inspired O’Neil’s skills through his work. Conclusion In my opinion, O’Neill deserved the Nobel Prize because of his efforts throughout his career. Although he came from a family of theatre, he stood out and did not gain his glory out of his family’s history. Moreover, in his writing, he was able to bring out the drama in a realistic context so that his readers could feel all the emotions involved as they read. This made his work unique and exciting to read. Having this kind of ability to lure the audience and perfect one’s work deserves appreciation. Therefore, his win is justified by his efforts to write plays that will be outstanding for generations. Works Cited Dubost, Thierry. Eugene O’Neill and the Reinvention of Theatre Aesthetics . McFarland, 2019. Ibrahim, Haider, Abdullah Mohd Nawi, and Ansam Ali. “The Use of Metaphor as a Tool in Depicting Tragedy in the Literary Works of Eugene O‟ Neill.” International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24.1 (2020). Web. Lee, E. Andrew. “The Melodramadness of Eugene O’Neill by Virgil Geddes.” Eugene O’Neill Review 42.2 (2021): 194-197. Web. Otto, Megan. “Loss, Sadness and the Influences of Eugene O’Neill.” Explore the Art , Web. Morash, Chris. “Hughie dir. by Eric Fraisher Hayes, Eugene O’Neill.” Eugene O’Neill Review 40.1 (2019): 114-117. Web. Rahimipour, Saeid. “The Detection of Morality Crisis in Eugene o’neil’s the Rope.” Journal of English Literature and Cultural Studies 2.3 (2019): 42-48. Web. Selman, Haider Al-Selman, and Zaidah Zainal. “The Use of Metaphors and Tragic Pictures in Eugene O’Neill ‘S American Drama.” International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7.2.29 (2018): 443-445. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/eugene-oneill-one-of-the-most-famous-playwrights/	298
Evidence of Existence of Modern Racism Essay Table of Contents 1. Decreasing Prejudices 2. Modern Racism 3. Resistance to the Idea of Racism’s Existing 4. The Most Persuasive Piece of Evidence 5. References Decreasing Prejudices The fight against racism has been going on for decades, and to date, it is possible to see its results. It would be wrong to claim that currently, the prevalence and extent of manifestations of racism are at the same level as in the middle of the last century. Cases of cruelty towards the representatives of other than their own races have become rarer, and they are sharply condemned by society. Moreover, modern people consider the unity between different ethnic groups possible, as evidenced by various joint projects and programs. However, racism has not entirely disappeared from the world yet. Modern Racism Although modern society is characterized by greater tolerance and liberality to representatives of other ethnic groups, many people worldwide still feel the manifestations of racism themselves. Racism is not for nothing called a virus, prone to mutations (Mohan, 2019). In recent times, it altered, taking the form of modern racism, which transferred the conflict to the level of cultural and spiritual values. This conflict leads to the impossibility of complete equality between all racial groups. Besides this, the primary manifestations of modern racism include: * attempts to avoid significant contact with a minority group; * use of political tools to express the attitude to the racial group; * supporting racial discrimination when it is possible. Therefore, it can be claimed that although several prejudices to ethnic groups significantly reduced, the negative attitude to them did not vanish but just turned into a new form of racism. Resistance to the Idea of Racism’s Existing Modern society cannot accept that it has not managed to cope with racism and extirpate it. It is easy to claim that racism is defeated since the violence against racial groups significantly decreased and not to pay attention to the inequality of opportunities in education and career for different groups. This resistance to the idea that racism still exists prevents people from realizing that it complicates the lives of millions of people, creating obstacles to achieving their goals and implementing their dreams. In addition, for many people talking about race and racism “generates feelings of discomfort, trepidation, and distress” (Levchak, 2018, p. 1). It is easier to think that racism has been extirpated and that racial harmony has been established than to admit that there is a problem. Therefore, a lot of people resist the idea that racism still exists. The Most Persuasive Piece of Evidence Undoubtedly, racism is no longer as strong as it used to be, but now it utilizes pretty powerful tools. It is impossible not to notice the media’s biased attitude towards some nations. If the person reads the news about the Middle East, they can assume that nothing happens to them apart from wars and terrorist attacks. Although many people consider that racism has stopped being a burden on society, it would not be true to believe that all racial groups are equal and have the same opportunities. Therefore, modern racism remains a negative phenomenon in the contemporary world, which must be fought to allow all people in various countries to live in harmony and peace. References Levchak, C. (2018). Microaggressions and modern racism: Endurance and evolution. Palgrave Macmillan. Mohan, K. (2019). Binna Kandola: Keeping track of racism mutations. Eastern Eye. Web.	https://ivypanda.com/essays/evidence-of-existence-of-modern-racism/	299

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