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<sod> Shanghai Kuigu Rubber & Plastic Products Co., Ltd (SKG) is a professional escalator’s handrail manufacturer. <eod>
<sod>nan<eod>
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<sod>==Teetotalism and organized religion==<eod>
<sod>==Organized religion==<eod>
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<sod>In 1990, Serge Gainsbourg began writing a new album Blues that had to be recorded in New Orleans in the United States in 1991, always with American musicians including Billy Rush in this album to management and guitars, but unfortunately the album will not see the record date for March 2, 1991 Serge Gainsbourg dies as the result of a heart attack only to his home rue de Verneuil in Paris. Serge Gainsbourg will be buried in the cemetery of Montparnasse, this is what marked the end of the work Billy Rush and Serge Gainsbourg in 1992 a music labels released the Live album Southside Johnny & The Asbury Jukes (Live 10 / 15/1984) Recorded at Bayou Club in Washington named All I Want is Everyhthing K7 audio and video CDs. In 2001 spring the DVD Serge Gainsbourg Serge Gainsbourg for 10 years of his death the same year Billy finds Bamboo, the last companion of Serge Gainsbourg, and their son, Lulu Gainsbourg, want to record singing the song of Gainsbourg Do not say anything sung by Bamboo duet with her Lulu Gainsbourg son this cover of this song is a tribute to the 10th anniversary of the death of Serge Gainsbourg disappeared in 1991, Lulu Gainsbourg is 15 years old, Billy Rush is 49 years old he found Bamboo and Lulu and American musicians who knew him when he worked with Serge Gainsbourg at the time, unfortunately, it will not play on this song while other American musicians Serge participated in this song do not say anything, 10 years by 2011 Lulu Gainsbourg made a tribute album for the 20th anniversary of the death of his father with the rest of the musicians Serge, Billy Rush will not be on the album and had to be replaced by other guitarists because since the death of Serge Gainsbourg in 1991, Billy Rush does not want to hear about Serge Gainsbourg permanently. In 2002, Billy Rush decides to get back into music and participated in a small hard rock band called Liddle Rush And Thrall with Pat Thrall on guitar, Tony Liddell on drums and Billy Rush to the songs and vote. Tony and Pat are friends of Billy Rush, their group had no success and their two studio albums Law (2002) was a failure to buying and listening. In 2004 a DVD on the spring concert of Southside Johnny & The Asbury Jukes at Rockpalast and grughalle essen enalemagne and also an album of 12 songs with rare demo Southside Johnny & The Asbury Jukes not output at the time released on CD, in 2007, a 5 CD album spring with songs in demo not output at the time of Southside Johnny and the Asbury Jukes, after the K7 video Gainsbourg concert at the Casino de Paris and the Zenith it comes out Dvd Casino in 2006 and Zenith in 2007, in 2008 released the album Live in Boston 1978 Southside Johnny & the Asbury Jukes for 30 years on the tour Hearts of Stone Tower in 2014 emerged the album Love on the Beat and You're Under Arrest Serge Gainsbourg with remixed songs and rare signed in Gainsbourg, a book with a CD, bookstores that sold from 2013 to 2014, and in 2015 the spring Serge Gainsbourg Live album (Casino de Paris 1985) and on CD vinyl 33 rpm on sale at Fnac and Cultura with remixes, unreleased recovery and for the 30th anniversary concert in November the same year released the album Live Bottom Line 1977 New York City Asbury Jukes not output at. Billy Rush is removed from the composition but still plays guitar for fun at home.<eod>
<sod>In 1990, Serge Gainsbourg began writing a new album Blues that had to be recorded in New Orleans in the United States in 1991, always with American musicians including Billy Rush in this album to management and guitars, but unfortunately the album will not see the record date for March 2, 1991 Serge Gainsbourg dies as the result of a heart attack only to his home rue de Verneuil in Paris. Serge Gainsbourg will be buried in the cemetery of Montparnasse, this is what marked the end of the work Billy Rush and Serge Gainsbourg in 1992 a music labels released the Live album Southside Johnny & The Asbury Jukes (Live 10 / 15/1984) Recorded at Bayou Club in Washington named All I Want is Everyhthing K7 audio and video CDs, the same year a best of grouping the song between 1976 and 1978 Southside Johnny & The Asbury Jukes dating Having a Party rarely live audio studio version. In 2001 spring the DVD Serge Gainsbourg Serge Gainsbourg for 10 years of his death the same year Billy finds Bamboo, the last companion of Serge Gainsbourg, and their son, Lulu Gainsbourg, want to record singing the song of Gainsbourg Do not say anything sung by Bamboo duet with her Lulu Gainsbourg son this cover of this song is a tribute to the 10th anniversary of the death of Serge Gainsbourg disappeared in 1991, Lulu Gainsbourg is 15 years old, Billy Rush is 49 years old he found Bamboo and Lulu and American musicians who knew him when he worked with Serge Gainsbourg at the time, unfortunately, it will not play on this song while other American musicians Serge participated in this song do not say anything, 10 years by 2011 Lulu Gainsbourg made a tribute album for the 20th anniversary of the death of his father with the rest of the musicians Serge, Billy Rush will not be on the album and had to be replaced by other guitarists because since the death of Serge Gainsbourg in 1991, Billy Rush does not want to hear about Serge Gainsbourg permanently. In 2002, Billy Rush decides to get back into music and participated in a small hard rock band called Liddle Rush And Thrall with Pat Thrall on guitar, Tony Liddell on drums and Billy Rush to the songs and vote. Tony and Pat are friends of Billy Rush, their group had no success and their two studio albums Law (2002) was a failure to buying and listening. In 2004 a DVD on the spring concert of Southside Johnny & The Asbury Jukes at Rockpalast and grughalle essen in germany and also an album complilation of 12 songs with rare demo Southside Johnny & The Asbury Jukes not output at the time released on CD, in 2007, a 5 CD album compilation spring with songs in demo not output at the time of Southside Johnny and the Asbury Jukes, after the K7 video Gainsbourg concert at the Casino de Paris and the Zenith it comes out Dvd Casino in 2006 and Zenith in 2007, in 2008 released the album Live in Boston 1978 Southside Johnny & the Asbury Jukes for 30 years on the tour Hearts of Stone Tower in 2014 emerged the album Love on the Beat and You're Under Arrest Serge Gainsbourg with remixed songs and rare signed in Gainsbourg, a book with a CD, bookstores that sold from 2013 to 2014, and in 2015 the spring Serge Gainsbourg Live album (Casino de Paris 1985) and on CD vinyl 33 rpm on sale at Fnac and Cultura with remixes, unreleased recovery and for the 30th anniversary concert in November the same year released the album Live Bottom Line 1977 New York City Asbury Jukes not output at. Billy Rush is removed from the composition but still plays guitar for fun at home.<eod>
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['< sod > due to political controversies related to the high pricing of power from the station and allegations of corruption, < ref name = at - enron8 > { { cite news | url = http : / / www. atimes. com / reports / ca13ai01. html | title = enron\'s eight - year power struggle in india | publisher = asia times | date = 2001 - 01 - 18 | accessdate = 2011 - 11 - 01 | archiveurl = https : / / web. archive. org / web / 20111123172057 / http : / / www. atimes. com / reports / ca13ai01. html | archivedate = 2011 - 11 - 23 } } < / ref > the construction and operation of the dabhol power station was interrupted on several occasions even after it started operation in may 1999. in january 2001, the maharashtra state government stopped paying the company due to the high cost of power charged by them. subsequently, high level us government officials including [ [ colin powell ] ] and [ [ dick cheney ] ] tried to convince the indian authorities to pay enron and allow them to continue its operations at dabhol. < ref name = " factsheet " / > however, in november 2001, due to the [ [ enron bankruptcy ] ] and disputes between enron\'s creditors and the [ [ government of maharashtra ] ] ( gom ). the power plant was finally rehabilitated and taken over by [ [ ratnagiri gas and power ] ] ( rgppl ), which successfully revived and operates the plant. < ref name = rgppl > { { cite web | url = http : / / www. rgppl. com / | title = home | publisher = ratnagiri gas and power private limited | accessdate = 2011 - 11 - 01 } } < / ref > < eod > < sod > due to political controversies related to the high pricing of power from the station and allegations of corruption, < ref name = at - enron8 > { { cite news | url = http : / / www. atimes. com / reports / ca13ai01. html | title = journal enron\'s eight - year power struggle in india | publisher = asia times | date = 2001 - 01 - 18 | accessdate = 2011 - 11 - 01 | archiveurl = https : / / web. archive. org / web / 20111123172057 / http : / / www. atimes. com / reports / ca13ai01. html | archivedate = 2011 - 11 - 23 } } < / ref > the construction and operation of the dabhol power station was interrupted on several occasions even after it started operation in may 1999. in january 2001, the maharashtra state government stopped paying the company due to the high cost of power charged by them. subsequently, high level us government officials including [ [ colin powell ] ], [ [ dick cheney ] ], [ [ christina b. rocca | christina b. rocca ] ] and [ [ alan larson ] ] tried to convince the indian authorities to pay enron and allow them to continue its operations at dabhol. < ref name = " factsheet " / > however, in november 2001, due to the [ [ enron bankruptcy ] ] and disputes between enron\'s creditors and the [ [ government of maharashtra ] ] ( gom ). the power plant was finally rehabilitated and taken over by [ [ ratnagiri gas and power ] ] ( rgppl ), which successfully revived and operates the plant. < ref name = rgppl > { { cite web | url = http : / / www. rgppl. com / | title = home | publisher = ratnagiri gas and power private limited | accessdate = 2011 - 11 - 01 } } < / ref > < eod >']
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<sod >The two sides will need many years to complete a comprehensive deal on trade and investments, BDI managing director Joachim Lang told Reuters.< eod>< sod > The two sides will need many years to complete a comprehensive deal on trade and investments before the March 29, 2019, deadline mandated in EU law, BDI Managing Director Joachim Lang told Reuters.< eod>
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<sod>In 1983, Sanford Meisner and his life partner James Carville founded the Meisner/Carville School of Acting on the Caribbean island of [[Bequia]]. Students from all around the world came every summer to participate in a summer intensive with Meisner. The Meisner/Carville School of Acting operated on the island and, beginning in 1985, also in [[North Hollywood, Los Angeles|North Hollywood]]. Meisner split his time between the Neighborhood Playhouse in New York and the two school locations. In spring of 1995, The Meisner/Carville School of acting was then succeeded by [[The Sanford Meisner Center for the Arts]], a theater company in North Hollywood established by Sanford Meisner, James Carville, Martin Barter and Jill Gatsby. Graduates from Sandy's 2 year program could audition for the company. The company became a fixture on the Los Angeles theater scene for several years after Sandy's death. Sandy attended every rehearsal and every performance until the very end. Martin Barter let the theater go in 2013, but continues the Sanford Meisner center both in Los Angeles and Seattle.<eod>
<sod>In 1983, Sanford Meisner and his life partner James Carville founded the Meisner/Carville School of Acting on the Caribbean island of [[Bequia]]. Students from all around the world came every summer to participate in a summer intensive with Meisner. The Meisner/Carville School of Acting operated on the island and, beginning in 1985, also in [[North Hollywood, Los Angeles|North Hollywood]]. Meisner split his time between the Neighborhood Playhouse in New York and the two school locations. In spring of 1995, The Meisner/Carville School of acting was then succeeded by [[The Sanford Meisner Center for the Arts]], a theater company in North Hollywood established by Sanford Meisner, James Carville, Martin Barter and Jill Gatsby. Graduates from Sandy's 2 year program could audition for the company. The company became a fixture on the Los Angeles theater scene for several years after Sandy's death. Sandy attended every rehearsal and every performance until the very end. <eod>
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<sod >Number Ten said that, today, it is rarely used as a drinking vessel, but rather it is a symbol of welcome and kinship.< eod>< sod > Donald Trump is going to be given a traditional Scottish quaich similar in design to this one But Number Ten said that, today, the cup is rarely used as a drinking vessel, but rather it is a symbol of welcome and kinship.< eod>
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<sod >'The biggest risk for our schools and our children is throwing away the economic progress we have made. That's what would happen if we had Jeremy Corbyn as prime minister, propped up by a coalition of chaos with the Lib Dems and SNP.' SNP leader Nicola Sturgeon suggested a 'progressive alliance' to block Theresa May out of No 10 earlier this week but was dismissed by Mr Corbyn < eod>< sod > 'The biggest risk for our schools and our children is throwing away the economic progress we have made. That's what would happen if we had Jeremy Corbyn as prime minister, propped up by a coalition of chaos with the Lib Dems and SNP.' The claim will feed into the narrative of Theresa May, pictured in Enfield North yesterday, that a vote for Labour is a vote for a 'coalition of chaos' Theresa May insists she will KEEP controversial target on foreign aid spendingTheresa May has said she will she will keep the controversial target for minimum spending of billions on foreign aid at her latest campaign stop today.< eod>
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["< sod > colville had continuously continued to support patie and during 1595 was appointed to patie's household depute. { { sfnp | anderson | 2012 | p = 162 | ps = certainly none } } three weeks after john stewart's acquittal he was attending to business on charles patie's behalf at [ [ nesting, shetland | nesting ] ] in in [ [ shetland ] ]. { { sfnp | marwick | 1991 | p = 404 | ps = none } } < eod > < sod > [UNK] colville had continued to support patie and during 1595 was appointed patie's depute. { { « sfnp | anderson | 2012 | p = 162 | ps = none } } three weeks after after john stewart's acquittal colville was attending to business on patie's combined behalf at [ [ nesting, shetland | nesting ] ] in [ [ shetland ] ]. { { sfnp | marwick | 1991 | p = 404 | ps = none } } < eod >"]
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<sod>The [[Nonlinear optics#Phase matching|phase matching angle]] makes possible any gain at all (0th order). In a collinear setup, the freedom to choose the center wavelength allows a constant gain up to first order in wavelength. Noncollinear OPAs were developed to have an additional degree of freedom, allowing constant gain up to second order in wavelength. The optimal parameters are 4 degrees of noncollinearity, [[β-barium borate]] (BBO) as the material, a 400-nm pump wavelength, and signal around 800 nm. This generates a bandwidth 3 times as large of that of a [[Ti-sapphire laser|Ti-sapphire]]-amplifier. The first order is mathematically equivalent to some properties of the group velocities involved, but this does not mean that pump and signal have the same group velocity. After propagation through 1-mm BBO, a short pump pulse no longer overlaps with the signal. Therefore, [[chirped pulse amplification]] must be used in situations requiring large gain amplification in long crystals. Long crystals introduce such a large [[chirp]] that a compressor is needed anyways. An extreme chirp can lengthen a 20-fs seed pulse to 50 ps, making it suitable for use as the pump. Unchirped 50-ps pulses with high energy can be generated from rare earth-based lasers.<eod>
<sod>The [[Nonlinear optics#Phase matching|phase matching angle]] makes possible any gain at all (0th order). In a collinear setup, the freedom to choose the center wavelength allows a constant gain up to first order in wavelength. Noncollinear OPAs were developed to have an additional degree of freedom, allowing constant gain up to second order in wavelength. The optimal parameters are 4 degrees of noncollinearity, [[β-barium borate]] (BBO) as the material, a 400-nm pump wavelength, and signal around 800 nm. This generates a bandwidth 3 times as large of that of a [[Ti-sapphire laser|Ti-sapphire]]-amplifier. The first order is mathematically equivalent to some properties of the group velocities involved, but this does not mean that pump and signal have the same group velocity. After propagation through 1-mm BBO, a short pump pulse no longer overlaps with the signal. Therefore, [[chirped pulse amplification]] must be used in situations requiring large gain amplification in long crystals. Long crystals introduce such a large [[chirp]] that a compressor is needed anyway. An extreme chirp can lengthen a 20-fs seed pulse to 50 ps, making it suitable for use as the pump. Unchirped 50-ps pulses with high energy can be generated from rare earth-based lasers.<eod>
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<sod>On April 29, 2006, after the final match of the ''[[K-1 World Grand Prix 2006 in Las Vegas]]'', Lesnar announced his intent to join [[K-1]]'s [[mixed martial arts]] league, [[Hero's]]. He trained with [[Minnesota Martial Arts Academy]] under Greg Nelson and [[University of Minnesota|Minnesota]] Assistant Head wrestling coach Marty Morgan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sherdog.com/fighter/Brock-Lesnar-17522|title=Brock Lesnar profile|publisher=Sherdog |accessdate=March 21, 2008}}</ref> Lesnar announced on August 12 in Las Vegas that he had signed a deal with the K-1 promotion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmaweekly.com/brock-lesnar-joins-k-1|title=Brock Lesnar joins K-1|publisher=MMAWeekly.com|date= August 13, 2006|accessdate=April 26, 2007}}</ref> His first fight was scheduled against [[Choi Hong-man]] of Korea on June 2, 2007, at the K-1 [[Dynamite!! USA]] show.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmaweekly.com/gracie-lesnar-at-l-a-coliseum-official-2|title=Gracie & Lesnar at L.A. Coliseum Official|publisher=MMAWeekly.com|accessdate=April 26, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mmaringreport.com/other-event-news/other-event-news/rumble-in-the-cage-16-at-the-roadhouse-nite-club-3.html|title=Brock Lesnar Good to Go With Hero's|publisher=MMA Ring Report|accessdate=April 26, 2007}}</ref> However, prior to the match, Hong-Man was replaced by [[Kim Min-Soo (judoka)|Min Soo Kim]]. Lesnar submitted Soo Kim with strikes in 1:09 of the first round to win his first official [[mixed martial arts|MMA]] match.<ref name="MMA1"/><eod>
<sod>On April 29, 2006, after the final match of the ''[[K-1 World Grand Prix 2006 in Las Vegas]]'', Lesnar announced his intent to join [[K-1]]'s [[mixed martial arts]] league, [[Hero's]]. He trained with [[Minnesota Martial Arts Academy]] under Greg Nelson and [[University of Minnesota|Minnesota]] Assistant Head wrestling coach Marty Morgan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sherdog.com/fighter/Brock-Lesnar-17522|title=Brock Lesnar profile|publisher=Sherdog |accessdate=March 21, 2008}}</ref> Lesnar announced on August 12 in Las Vegas that he had signed a deal with the K-1 promotion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmaweekly.com/brock-lesnar-joins-k-1|title=Brock Lesnar joins K-1|publisher=MMAWeekly.com|date= August 13, 2006|accessdate=April 26, 2007}}</ref> His first fight was scheduled against [[Choi Hong-man]] of Korea on June 2, 2007, at the K-1 [[Dynamite!! USA]] show.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmaweekly.com/gracie-lesnar-at-l-a-coliseum-official-2|title=Gracie & Lesnar at L.A. Coliseum Official|publisher=MMAWeekly.com|accessdate=April 26, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mmaringreport.com/other-event-news/other-event-news/rumble-in-the-cage-16-at-the-roadhouse-nite-club-3.html|title=Brock Lesnar Good to Go With Hero's|publisher=MMA Ring Report|accessdate=April 26, 2007}}</ref> However, prior to the match, Hong-Man was replaced by [[Kim Min-Soo (judoka)|Min Soo Kim]]. Lesnar submitted Soo Kim with strikes in 1:09 of the first round to win his first official MMA match.<ref name="MMA1"/><eod>
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<sod> [[image:cladogram-example1.png|framed|This cladogram shows the relationship among various insect groups. In some cladograms, the length of the horizontal lines indicates time elapsed since the last common ancestor.]]
'''Cladistics''' (or '''phylogenetic systematics''') is a branch of [[biology]] that seeks to erect classification groups for all organisms, based solely on their evolutionary relationships. Cladistics differs from [[phenetics]], which groups organisms based on ''overall'' similarity (morphological approach), and from more traditional approaches based on "key characters". In cladistics, key characters or overall similarity are seen as useful only insofar as they point toward the correct evolutionary history, whatever that may be. Thus subjective criteria — such as the relative "importance" for classification of various types of characters — are discarded in favor of a single objective (but inferred) historical criterion: the shared-derived character (or synapomorphy). Thus, cladistic groups must contain a common ancestor and ''all'' of its descendants, regardless of the evolutionary changes they have undergone. For example, if birds are descended from dinosaurian reptiles, then order Dinosauria must include all birds. If the class Reptilia excludes birds, then it is rejected as an artificially constructed group because it does not reflect natural (evolutionary) history. The term Sauria, which includes both Reptilia and the birds, is preferred. [[Willi Hennig]] is widely regarded as the founder of cladistics.
==Introduction==
==Cladistic classification==
A recent trend in biology since the [[1960s]], called '''cladism''' or '''cladistic taxonomy''', is to require taxa to be clades. In other words, cladists argue the classification system should be reformed to eliminate all non-clades (paraphyletic and polyphyletic groups). In fact, some cladists have argued for entirely abandoning the [[Linnaean taxonomy|Linnaean]] system of ranked taxa in favor of clades. A formal code of phylogenetic nomenclature, the [[PhyloCode]] [http://www.ohiou.edu/phylocode/], is currently under development for a cladistic taxonomy that abandons the Linnaean structure.
A true clade is considered to be ''monophyletic'', or containing one (and only one) complete evolutionary grouping deriving from one common ancestor. When a named group is found to contain more than one evolutionary line, it is termed ''polyphyletic''. For example, the once-recognized group Pachydermata was found to be polyphyletic because an [[elephant]] and a [[rhinoceros]] were each found to be more closely related to non-pachyderms than either to each other. Biologists consider groups that turn out to be polyphyletic to be errors in classification, often occurring because [[convergent evolution|convergence]] or other [[homoplasy]] was misinterpreted as [[homology (biology)|homology]].
If a named group is found to include some but not all of the descendants of the ancestor on which the group is based, it is termed [[paraphyletic]]. Paraphyletic groups are usually created when organisms are groups on the basis of plesiomorphies instead of apomorphies. Classic examples of paraphyly include Pisces (fishes), whose descendants include [[tetrapod]]s (amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals), and Reptilia, whose descendants include birds; however, neither tetrapods nor birds are included in the groups named Pisces and Reptilia, respectively. Most paraphyletics groups, however, were erected at the genus level, because species were grouped on overall similarity prior to a cladistic analysis.
The denial of recognition to paraphyletic groups has been very controversial in biology and remains so among a number of more traditional [[evolutionary taxonomy|evolutionary taxonomists]]. They feel that abandonment of paraphyly leads to loss of information in the classification system about significant changes in organisms' morphology, ecology, or life history. Accordingly, they argue that the notions of clade and taxon should be kept distinct, and that paraphyletic taxa are necessary if every group is going to be broken down completely into subgroups. In fact, evolutionary taxomonists such as Peter Ashlock include paraphyly under the term ''monophyletic'', reserving the term ''holophyletic'' for the strict sense of ''monophyletic.''
Cladists counter that "significant changes" recognized by evolutionary taxonomists are often too subjective to be a basis for classification
== Cladistic parsimony ==
<eod> <sod> [[image:cladogram-example1.png|framed|This cladogram shows the relationship among various insect groups. In some cladograms, the length of the horizontal lines indicates time elapsed since the last common ancestor.]]
'''Cladistics''' or '''phylogenetic systematics''' is a branch of [[biology]] that determines the [[evolution]]ary relationships of living things based on derived similarities. It forms the basis for most modern systems of classification, which seek to group organisms by evolutionary relationships. In contrast, [[phenetics]] groups organisms based on their ''overall'' similarity, while more traditional approaches tend to rely on key characters. [[Willi Hennig]] is widely regarded as the founder of cladistics.
==Introduction==
==Cladistic classification==
A recent trend in biology since the 1960s, called '''cladism''' or '''cladistic taxonomy''', has been to require taxa to be clades. In other words cladists argue that the classification system should be reformed to eliminate all non-clades. In contrast, other evolutionary taxonomists insist that groups reflect phylogenies and often make use of cladistic techniques, but allow both monophyletic and paraphyletic groups as taxa.
A ''[[monophyletic]]'' group is a clade, comprising an ancestral form and all of its descendants, and so forming one (and only one) evolutionary group. A ''[[paraphyletic]]'' group is similar, but excludes some of the descendants that have undergone significant changes. For instance, the traditional class Reptilia excludes birds even though they developed from the ancestral reptile.
A group with members from separate evolutionary lines is called ''[[polyphyletic]]''. For instance, the once-recognized Pachydermata was found to be polyphyletic because elephants and rhinoceroses arose separately from non-pachyderms. Evolutionary taxonomists consider polyphyletic groups to be errors in classification, often occurring because because [[convergent evolution|convergence]] or other [[homoplasy]] was misinterpreted as [[homology (biology)|homology]].
Whether or not paraphyletic groups are valid taxa remains controversial. Cladists argue that deciding the relative importance for classification of various types of characters is inherently subjective and so not a valid basis for taxonomy, and that it should be replaced with a single objective (though inferred) criterion, the presence of synapomorphies. Some cladists have also argued that ranks are too subjective to present meaningful information, and so have moved away from Linnaean taxonomy towards a simple hierarchy of clades. A formal code of phylogenetic nomenclature, the [[Phylocode]], is currently under development for such cladistic taxonomy.
Other evolutionary taxonomists argue that all taxa are inherently subjective, even when they reflect objective relationships. For instance, at some point ''Homo sapiens'' must have had an ancestor that was a different species, although any such separation is artificial and immediately renders the ancestral species paraphyletic. Thus it is impossible to create a complete taxonomy including ancestors without using paraphyletic taxa. They also argue that paraphyletic taxa provide information about significant changes in organisms' morphology, ecology, or life history. Many use the term ''monophyly'' in its older sense, where it includes paraphyly, and use the alternate term ''holophyletic'' to describe clades.
== Cladistic parsimony ==
<eod>
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<sod>[[Nazi Paikidze]], who qualified by finishing tied for 2nd in the 2015 [[U.S._Women's_Chess_Championship|USA Women's Championship]], is the most prominent person (to date) to have protested FIDE's decision to allow Iran to host the event. Through the media she has announced that she will not participate most particularly because of Iran's dress code requiring women to wear a [[hijab]],<ref>[http://heatst.com/world/us-chess-champion-id-rather-sacrifice-my-career-than-be-forced-to-wear-a-hijab/ I'd Rather Sacrifice My Career than be Forced To Wear a Hijab] (Naki Paikidze)</ref> though initially she also secondarily mentioned the risks to Americans and other foreigners of being detained in Iran because of their nationality.<ref name="dailymail">[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3814137/World-chess-uproar-women-told-play-year-s-world-championships-Iran-wearing-hijabs.html World Chess uproar] (Daily Mail)</ref> (This latter could be compared to the troubles of the Georgian women in 2008 concerning the [[Nalchik]] locale.)<ref>[http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=4839 Women's World Championship: Georgian players withdraw] (ChessBase)</ref> In a later [[Change.org]] petition she included a third item, namely that there could be speech restrictions on women.<ref>Speech restrictions on sporting participants are often mandated, for instance [[Rule 40]] at the [[Olympics]], conduct clauses in contracts as with [[Steve Clevenger]], and perhaps a close analogue would be the [[American Contract Bridge League]] having a [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/14/arts/14brid.html dispute] against some of its representatives at the 2007 World Bridge Championships, for using this as a platform to display a political message. However, Paikidze is noting that women have been arrested in Iran for speaking out on women's rights, for instance [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jun/22/iran-missing-womens-rights-activist Maryam Majd].</ref><eod>
<sod>[[Nazi Paikidze]], who qualified by finishing tied for 2nd in the 2015 [[U.S._Women's_Chess_Championship|USA Women's Championship]], is the most prominent person (to date) to have protested FIDE's decision to allow Iran to host the event. Through the media she has announced that she will not participate most particularly because of Iran's dress code requiring women to wear a [[hijab]],<ref>[http://heatst.com/world/us-chess-champion-id-rather-sacrifice-my-career-than-be-forced-to-wear-a-hijab/ I'd Rather Sacrifice My Career than be Forced To Wear a Hijab] (Naki Paikidze)</ref> though initially she also secondarily mentioned the risks to Americans and other foreigners of being detained in Iran because of their nationality.<ref name="dailymail">[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3814137/World-chess-uproar-women-told-play-year-s-world-championships-Iran-wearing-hijabs.html World Chess uproar] (Daily Mail)</ref> (This latter could be compared to the troubles in 2008 concerning the [[Nalchik]] locale, where six women from [[Georgia]] were absent, joined by five others.)<ref>[http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=4839 Women's World Championship: Georgian players withdraw] (ChessBase)</ref> In a later [[Change.org]] petition she included a third item, namely that there could be speech restrictions on women.<ref>Speech restrictions on sporting participants are often mandated, for instance [[Rule 40]] at the [[Olympics]], conduct clauses in contracts as with [[Steve Clevenger]], and perhaps a close analogue would be the [[American Contract Bridge League]] having a [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/14/arts/14brid.html dispute] against some of its representatives at the 2007 World Bridge Championships, for using this as a platform to display a political message. However, Paikidze is noting that women have been arrested in Iran for speaking out on women's rights, for instance [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jun/22/iran-missing-womens-rights-activist Maryam Majd].</ref><eod>
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<sod >He is then shown acting out the mission where he was caught by militants and warns anyone else spying on the extremist group that they will be caught.< eod>< sod > He is also filmed acting out the mission where he was caught by Isis militants and warns anyone else spying on the extremist group that they will too be captured.< eod>
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<sod >LondonâÃÂÃÂs super rich are increasingly turning to renting, a new report shows.< eod>< sod > LondonâÃÂÃÂs super-rich are increasingly turning to renting in order to avoid paying stamp duty on expernsive purchases, a new report shows.< eod>
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<sod >"Iran is one of the countries where internet usage is most widespread, but in theory none of the software nor most of the hardware that Iranians use for this should have been possible to import," says Dr Michael Axworthy, director of the Centre for Persian and Iranian Studies at Exeter University.< eod>< sod > âIran one of the countries where internet usage is most widespread, but in theory none of the software nor most of the hardware that Iranians use for that should have been possible to import,â says Dr Michael Axworthy, Director of the Centre for Persian and Iranian Studies at Exter University and a former head of the Iran Section at the Foreign Office.< eod>
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<sod >Twenty five British Airways passengers and crew were taken to hospital and reportedly treated for smoke inhalation after a plane carrying almost 500 people declared a medical emergency and diverted to Vancouver.< eod>< sod > All 25 British Airways crew on board an Airbus A380 "SuperJumbo" were taken to hospital after the captain declared a medical emergency and diverted to Vancouver.< eod>
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<sod>'''Samuel Gist''' (1717, [[England]] – February 1815) was an Englishman who rose from humble beginnings to became a wealthy slave owner and plantation owner in the [[Colony of Virginia]]. Upon the outbreak of the [[American Revolutionary War]], he returned to Great Britain. In 1808, he drafted a [[will]] which stipulated the [[manumission]] of all of his slaves. He later amended it so that his executors could revoke that provision.However, the executors freed many, possibly all, of the slaves, probably numbering around 500, though some estimates go as high as 1000.<ref name=OHC>{{cite web |url=http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Samuel_Gist |title=Samuel Gist |publisher=[[Ohio History Connection]] |accessdate=March 19, 2016}}</ref><eod>
<sod>'''Samuel Gist''' (1717 or 1723, [[England]] – February 1815) was an Englishman who rose from humble beginnings to became a wealthy slave owner and plantation owner in the [[Colony of Virginia]]. Upon the outbreak of the [[American Revolutionary War]], he returned to Great Britain. In 1808, he drafted a [[will]] which stipulated the [[manumission]] of all of his slaves. He later amended it so that his executors could revoke that provision.However, the executors freed many, possibly all, of the slaves, probably numbering around 500, though some estimates go as high as 1000.<ref name=OHC>{{cite web |url=http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Samuel_Gist |title=Samuel Gist |publisher=[[Ohio History Connection]] |accessdate=March 19, 2016}}</ref><eod>
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<sod>| released = {{Film date|1955|04|14}}<eod>
<sod>| released = {{Film date|1955|04|14|U.S.}}<eod>
| 0 |
<sod >During a White House press briefing, Deputy Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders said the President is still "hoping to create consensus that will push this bill over the finish line", adding that he has met with several Republicans who have said they can't support the healthcare measure in its current form, including Rand Paul, Ted Cruz and Ron Johnson.< eod>< sod > During a White House press briefing, Deputy Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders said the President is still "hoping to create consensus that will push this bill over the finish line", adding that he has met with several Republicans who have said they can't support the healthcare measure in its current form, including Rand Paul, Ted Cruz, Shelley Moore Capito and Ron Johnson.< eod>
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['< format sod > = = a shows and the show original history = = < content eod > < format sod > = = a show historical history = = < status eod >']
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["< sod > [ [ the football league ] ], despite the protests of the pools companies, re - introduced permission to play friday night football. colchester arranged ten games for friday kick offs but it would be the [ [ fa cup ] ] that drew worldwide attention. united disposed of non - league [ [ ringmer f. c. | ringmer ] ] via a crawford hat trick in round one and then completed a cup double over new boys [ [ cambridge united f. c. | cambridge ] ], having already secured a 5 - 0 win over the'other'u's in the [ [ football league cup | league cup ] ]. colchester knocked out non - league [ [ barnet f. c. | barnet ] ] at [ [ underhill stadium | underhill ] ] in the third round only to be drawn away to [ [ rochdale f. c. | rochdale ] ]. trailing 3 - 1 with just five minutes left, united staged a remarkable comeback to earn a replay. with the knowledge of the fifth round draw having been made, united trounced hapless dale by 5 - 0 to earn a home tie with mighty [ [ leeds united f. c. | leeds ] ] on 13 february 1971. leeds were top of the league and boasted ten internationals in their side, colchester were eighth in the [ [ football league fourth division ] ] fourth division. nobody gave the u's a chance but they raced into a 3 - 0 lead, in front of a 16, 000 [ [ layer road ] ] crowd, with goals from crawford ( 2 ) and simmons before leeds generated something of a comeback to finally lose 3 - 2. the rumour that laurie lane was at the game has since been proved untrue due to the result of a police invsestigation. following those investigations a number of key investigating officers resigned from the force, rather than face charges of bribery. with the testimony of two witnesses, it is now commonly accepted that laurie lane did attend the fifth round tie. the result was sensational as was the fact that united were in the fa cup quarter finals. sixth round opponents [ [ everton f. c. | everton ] ] did their homework and graham's'granddad's army'finally succumbed to the tune of 5 - 0 in the front of 53, 028 at [ [ goodison park ] ]. while united finished sixth in the league, just two points off promotion - they simply had too many fixtures to complete in rapid succession as a result of the cup run. < ref > { { cite web | url = http : / / www. cu - fc. com / page / history / 0,, 10424 ~ 1320500, 00. html | title = the u's history : the 70s | publisher = colchester united f. c. | accessdate = 21 april 2011 } } < / ref > < eod > < sod > [ [ the football league ] ], despite the protests of the pools companies, re - introduced permission to play friday night football. colchester arranged ten games for friday kick offs but it would be the [ [ fa cup ] ] that drew worldwide attention. united disposed of non - league [ [ ringmer f. c. | ringmer ] ] via a crawford hat trick in round one and then completed a cup double over new boys [ [ cambridge united f. c. | cambridge ] ], having already secured a 5 - 0 win over the'other'u's in the [ [ football league cup | league cup ] ]. colchester knocked out non - league [ [ barnet f. c. | barnet ] ] at [ [ underhill stadium | underhill ] ] in the third round only to be drawn away to [ [ rochdale f. c. | rochdale ] ]. trailing 3 - 1 with just five minutes left, united staged a remarkable comeback to earn a replay. with the knowledge of the fifth round draw having been made, united trounced hapless dale by 5 - 0 to earn a home tie with mighty [ [ leeds united f. c. | leeds ] ] on 13 february 1971. leeds were top of the league and boasted ten internationals in their side, colchester were eighth in the [ [ football league fourth division ] ] fourth division. nobody gave the u's a chance but they raced into a 3 - 0 lead, in front of a 16, 000 [ [ layer road ] ] crowd, with goals from crawford ( 2 ) and simmons before leeds generated something of a comeback to finally lose 3 - 2. the rumour that laurie lane was at the game has since been proved untrue due to the result of a police invsestigation. following those investigations a number of key investigating officers resigned from the force, rather than face charges of bribery. with the testimony of two witnesses, it is now commonly accepted that laurie lane did attend the fifth round tie. { { cn | date = october 2016 } } the result was sensational as was the fact that united were in the fa cup quarter finals. sixth round opponents [ [ everton f. c. | everton ] ] did their homework and graham's'granddad's army'finally succumbed to the tune of 5 - 0 in front of 53, 028 at [ [ goodison park ] ]. while united finished sixth in the league, just two points off promotion - they simply had too many fixtures to complete in rapid succession as a result of the cup run. < ref > { { cite web | url = http : / / www. cu - fc. com / page / history / 0,, 10424 ~ 1320500, 00. html | title = the u's history : the 70s | publisher = colchester united f. c. | accessdate = 21 april 2011 } } < / ref > < eod >"]
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<sod>Shankar befriended Richard Bock, founder of [[Pacific Jazz Records|World Pacific Records]], on his first American tour and recorded most of his albums in the 1950s and 1960s for Bock's label.<ref name=Lavezzolip61 /> [[The Byrds]] recorded at the same studio and heard Shankar's music, which led them to incorporate some of its elements in theirs, introducing the genre to their friend George Harrison of the Beatles.<ref name=Lavezzolip62>Lavezzoli 2006, p. 62</ref> Harrison became interested in Indian classical music, bought a ''sitar'' and used it to record the song "[[Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flfteenfown)]]".<ref name=Schaffner>Schaffner 1980, p. 64</ref> This led to Indian music being used by other musicians and created the [[raga rock]] trend.<ref name=Schaffner /><eod>
<sod>Shankar befriended Richard Bock, founder of [[Pacific Jazz Records|World Pacific Records]], on his first American tour and recorded most of his albums in the 1950s and 1960s for Bock's label.<ref name=Lavezzolip61 /> [[The Byrds]] recorded at the same studio and heard Shankar's music, which led them to incorporate some of its elements in theirs, introducing the genre to their friend George Harrison of the Beatles.<ref name=Lavezzolip62>Lavezzoli 2006, p. 62</ref> Harrison became interested in Indian classical music, bought a ''sitar'' and used it to record the song "[[Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)]]".<ref name=Schaffner>Schaffner 1980, p. 64</ref> This led to Indian music being used by other musicians and created the [[raga rock]] trend.<ref name=Schaffner /><eod>
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<sod>Kurowski's two major works, ''Panzer Aces'' and ''Infantry Aces'' were released in the U.S. in 1992 and 1994 by [[J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing]]. The historians Ronald Smelser and Edward J. Davis, in their work ''The Myth of the Eastern Front'', characterise Kurowski as one of the principal Waffen-SS "gurus", that is authors "popular among the readers who romanticize the German army." They further described the gurus as:{{sfn|Smelser|Davies|2008|pp=5, 173–178}}<eod>
<sod>Kurowski's two popular works, ''Panzer Aces'' and ''Infantry Aces'' were released in the U.S. in 1992 and 1994 by [[J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing]]. The historians Ronald Smelser and Edward J. Davis, in their work ''The Myth of the Eastern Front'', characterise Kurowski as one of the principal Waffen-SS "gurus", that is authors "popular among the readers who romanticize the German army." They further described the gurus as:{{sfn|Smelser|Davies|2008|pp=5, 173–178}}<eod>
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<sod>nan<eod>
<sod>[[File:BrownVWG.jpg|thumb|225x225px|At Convocation, new students march through Van Wickle Gates, built 1900-01, designed by [[Howard Hoppin|Hoppin and Ely]] of Providence and [[Howard Hoppin|Hoppin and Koen]] of New York.<ref>In later sources the architects are variously given as Hoppin & Koen of New York, or Hoppin & Ely of Providence, or both. The Hoppins were brothers; in 1895 Ely had taken Francis's place in the Providence firm. ''The Brown Alumni Monthly'' (December 1900, p. 67) says both firms were the designers; ''The American Institute of Architects Quarterly Bulletin'' (vol. 4, 1903, p. 123) shows Hoppin & Ely, with Hoppin & Koen as "associated architects"</ref> The gates were the gift of Augustus Stout Van Wickle, class of 1876, who also gave the [[FitzRandolph Gateway]] at Princeton, built 1905, as a memorial to his ancestor Nathaniel FitzRandolph]]<eod>
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['< int sod > | its origin = [ [... orlando, southeastern florida ] ], to us < basic eod > < slash sod > | its origin = [ [ south west and virginia < eod >']
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<sod> |publictransit= [[Yonge–University line|<span style="color:#{{TTC color|Yonge–University–Spadina}};">■</span>]] [[St. Patrick (TTC)|St. Patrick]]<br>[[505 Dundas]] <br> <small>Alternate:</small><br><sub>[[501 Queen]]</sub><br><sub>[[502 Downtowner]]</sub><eod>
<sod> |publictransit= {{ubl|{{rint|toronto|1}} [[St. Patrick (TTC)|St. Patrick]]|{{rint|toronto|streetcar|505}}}}<eod>
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<sod>Given a network ''N'' = (''V'',''E'') with a set of sources ''S'' = {''s''<sub>1</sub>, ..., ''s''<sub>n</sub>} and a set of sinks ''T'' = {''t''<sub>1</sub>, ..., ''t''<sub>m</sub>} instead of only one source and one sink, we are to find the maximum flow across ''N''. We can transform the multi-source multi-sink problem into a maximum flow problem by adding a ''consolidated source'' connecting to each vertex in ''S'' and a ''consolidated sink ''connected by each vertex in ''T'' (also known as ''supersource'' and ''supersink'') with infinite capacity on each edge (See Fig. 4.1.1.).<eod>
<sod>Given a network {{var|N}} = ({{var|V}},{{var|E}}) with a set of sources {{var|S}} = {{{var|s}}<sub>1</sub>, ..., {{var|s}}<sub>{{var|n}}</sub>} and a set of sinks {{var|T}} = {{{var|t}}<sub>1</sub>, ..., {{var|t}}<sub>{{var|m}}</sub>} instead of only one source and one sink, we are to find the maximum flow across {{var|N}}. We can transform the multi-source multi-sink problem into a maximum flow problem by adding a ''consolidated source'' connecting to each vertex in {{var|S}} and a ''consolidated sink ''connected by each vertex in {{var|T}} (also known as ''supersource'' and ''supersink'') with infinite capacity on each edge (See Fig. 4.1.1.).<eod>
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<sod >The jobless rate ticked up to 4.4Â per cent, up from a 44-year low of 4.5 per cent previously.< eod>< sod > The jobless rate ticked up to 4.4Â per cent, up from a 42-year low of 4.3 per cent previously, according to the Office for National Statistics.< eod>
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<sod>*16 December 1920: IRA fighters ambushed British troops at Kilcommon Cross, County Tipperary. Four British soldiers were killed and three wounded.<eod>
<sod>*16 December 1920: IRA fighters ambushed British troops at Kilcommon Cross, County Tipperary. Four British soldiers were killed and three wounded.{{cn}}<eod>
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<sod>The book is about a teenage girl, Sam, who has to go through the last day of her life seven times, each time learning new values and the mysteries surrounding her death. Oliver claims to have written all of it on her [[BlackBerry]] while going to meetings on the subway. She'd e-mail herself the chapters to later work on them some more. This book is being optioned to be made into a movie by Fox 2000.<ref>{{cite web|title=Interview with Lauren Oliver|url=http://www.goodreads.com/interviews/show/559.Lauren_Oliver|publisher=Good Reads|accessdate=7 May 2011|date=November 2010}}</ref><eod>
<sod>The book is about a teenage girl, Sam, who has to go through the last day of her life seven times, each time learning new values and the mysteries surrounding her death. Oliver claims to have written all of it on her [[BlackBerry]] while going to meetings on the subway. She'd e-mail herself the chapters to later work on them some more. This book has been picked up by Fox 2000 Pictures. The film is currently in post-production, and is expected to be released in late 2016. Actress [[Zoey Deutch]] will be portraying main character Samantha Kingston.<eod>
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<sod> | postseason = [[2016 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament|NCAA Final Four*]]<eod>
<sod> | postseason = [[2016 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament|NCAA Final Four]]<eod>
| 0 |
<sod >Satellite photographs taken on May 12 showed China appeared to have deployed truck-mounted surface-to-air missiles or anti-ship cruise missiles at Woody Island.< eod>< sod > Â Satellite photographs taken on 12 May showed China appeared to have deployed truck-mounted surface-to-air missiles or anti-ship cruise missiles at one particular outpost, Woody Island, and earlier this month, China's air force landed bombers on disputed islands and reefs as part of a training exercise in the region.< eod>
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['< sod > | accessdate = july 18, 2007 } } < / ref > iss is also equipped with a 3d printer and is allowing for the crew station on iss to manufacture a parts on station and is keeping costs of launches to a minimum. < eod > < sod > | accessdate = july 11 18, 2007 } } < / ref > iss is also also equipped with a 3d printer and is allowing the space crew on iss to manufacture parts on station and is keeping costs of launches to a minimum { { citation needed | reason = that it could quickly reduce because cost is understandable, that it did all is to be demonstrated. | date = september 2016 } }. < at eod >']
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['< specific sod > | main location = [ [ arabian gulf ] ] < search eod > < global sod > | internal location = [ [ southern persian arabian gulf | northern arabian sea gulf ] ] < save eod >']
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<sod>The relationship between '''[[Race (human categorization)|race]] and [[video games]]''' has received substantial academic and journalistic attention. Game theory, based on Johann Huizinga's [[Homo Ludens]], argues that playing video games provides a way to learn about the world. Games offer opportunities for players to explore, practice, and re-enforce cultural and social identities. Video games predominantly created and played by white people can unintentionally perpetuate racial stereo-types and limit players' choices to preconceived notions of racial bias.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Social Exclusion, Power, and Video Game Play|last=Daniels|first=Jessie|last2=LaLone|first2=Nick|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2014|isbn=9780739138601|location=Lantham, Maryland|pages=88|chapter=Racism in Video Gaming: Connecting Extremist and Mainstream Expressions of White Supremacy|via=}}</ref><eod>
<sod>The relationship between '''[[Race (human categorization)|race]] and [[video games]]''' has received substantial academic and journalistic attention. Game theory, based on Johann Huizinga's [[Homo Ludens]], argues that playing video games provides a way to learn about the world. Games offer opportunities for players to explore, practice, and re-enforce cultural and social identities. Video games predominantly created and played by one racial group can unintentionally perpetuate racial stereo-types and limit players' choices to preconceived notions of racial bias.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Social Exclusion, Power, and Video Game Play|last=Daniels|first=Jessie|last2=LaLone|first2=Nick|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2014|isbn=9780739138601|location=Lantham, Maryland|pages=88|chapter=Racism in Video Gaming: Connecting Extremist and Mainstream Expressions of White Supremacy|via=}}</ref><eod>
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<sod >The comments â which have led to Labour demanding Mr Letwin say sorry for âignorant and deeply racistâ views â will embarrass Mr Alice N, who has been attempting to build support for the Tories among ethnic-minority voters.< eod>< sod > The comments â which led to Labour demanding Mr Letwin say sorry for âignorant and deeply racistâ views â will embarrass Mr Cameron Rushav, who has been attempting to build support for the Tories among ethnic-minority voters.< eod>
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<sod >As many as 14 tourists could be trapped inside the castle, the al-Gahd news agency reports.< eod>< sod > As many as 16 tourists were reported to have been freed as police stormed the castle.< eod>
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<sod >Scot Peterson, who was a school resource officer at the time of the shooting, was the first person to respond to the shooting.< eod>< sod > Scot Peterson, who was a school resource officer at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland at the time of the shooting, was the first person to respond to the incident.< eod>
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["< original sod > *'''possible opposition :'''upcoming matches upcoming against { { private fb | jpn } } and { { public fb | sin } } < eod > < sod > *'''possible opposition :'''upcoming 2018 match against { { public fb | final sin } } < ref eod >"]
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<sod >Here we go again: Calgary under severe thunderstorm watch A severe thunderstorm watch is in effect for Calgary, Canmore, Airdrie, Okotoks and along the foothills.< eod>< sod > Here we go again: Calgary under severe thunderstorm watch Two year-old Hunter has some fun cooling off in the water park at Rotary Park in Calgary on Thursday July 19, 2018.< eod>
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<sod>| BowlTourney = FCS Playoffs Second Round vs [[2011 Northern Iowa Panthers football team|Northern Iowa]]<eod>
<sod>| BowlTourney = FCS Playoffs Second Round<eod>
| 0 |
["< sod > share repurchases also allow companies to covertly distribute their earnings to investors without inflicting them with taxation. for example, if a company were to pay us $ 100, 000 in dividends on one million shares or as 10¢ dividend per share, investors may incur tax upon this disbursement. this means that instead of receiving 10¢ of earnings per share, they receive 8. 5¢ (. 10× ( 1 & nbsp ; − & nbsp ;. 15 ) ) at a 15 % tax rate with 1. 5¢ going to the government. an investor with 10 shares will receive 85¢. as the company has to pay out this money the share price drops accordingly, from us $ 10 to us $ 9. 90, so the investor with 10 shares now has ; us $ 99 + 85¢ dividend, or us $ 99. 85. of course, the market will not necessarily respond to a dividend payment by selling off shares and reducing share price ; while the payment of the dividend technically reduces the company's book value, the ability and willingness to pay a dividend is often seen positively, and the share price may even increase. < eod > < sod > share repurchases also allow companies to distribute their earnings to investors without inflicting them with taxation. for example, if a company were to pay us $ 100, 000 in dividends on one million shares or as 10¢ dividend per share, investors may incur tax upon this disbursement. this means that instead of receiving 10¢ of earnings per share, they receive 8. 5¢ (. 10× ( 1 & nbsp ; − & nbsp ;. 15 ) ) at a 15 % tax rate with 1. 5¢ going to the government. an investor with 10 shares will receive 85¢. as the company has to pay out this money the share price drops accordingly, from us $ 10 to us $ 9. 90, so the investor with 10 shares now has ; us $ 99 + 85¢ dividend, or us $ 99. 85. of course, the market will not necessarily respond to a dividend payment by selling off shares and reducing share price ; while the payment of the lower dividend technically reduces the company's book value, the ability and willingness to pay a dividend is often seen positively, and the share price may even increase. < eod >"]
| 1 |
['< sod > | or death _ at cause = male throat cancer < public eod > < confirmed sod > | the death _ of cause = female oesophagus throat cancer < technical eod >']
| 1 |
<sod>{{Main|List of awards received by Vanessa L. Williams}}<eod>
<sod>{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Vanessa L. Williams}}<eod>
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['< oh sod > commager taught at [ [ new york university ] ] from from 1930 to 1936, subsequently at [ [ columbia university ] ] from 1936 to 1956, later and again at [ [ amherst college ] ] in [ [ massachusetts ] ] from each 1956 to 1992. he retired in 1992 from the john woodruff simpson lectureship, and died, aged 95, in [ [ amherst, massachusetts ] ]. < eod > < sod > commager taught at [ [ new york polytechnic university ] ] from 1930 to 1936, at [ [ columbia university ] ] from 1936 to 1956, and at [ [ amherst college ] ] in [ [ southern massachusetts ] ] from 1956 to 1992. he retired in 1992 from the john woodruff simpson lectureship, and died, aged 95, in [ [ amherst, massachusetts ] ]. professor commager emphasized to his generations of students that historians must write not only for one another but for a wider audience. < and eod >']
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<sod>| character_name = Thanos<eod>
<sod>| character_name = freedy fab<eod>
| 0 |
<sod>| position = [[Coach (basketball)|Basketball Coach]]<eod>
<sod>| position = [[Head coach]]<eod>
| 0 |
['< sod >\'\'\'troy southgate\'\'\'( born 22 july 1965 ) is a british author, editor, musician, publisher, cultural political commentator and [ [ national - anarchist ] ] activist. he is the author of the " what if " alternative history fiction novel novel\'\' hitler : the adjournment\'\', of the political analytical expose\'\' nazis, all fascists whatsoever or neither : ideological credentials of the british far right, 1987 – 1994\'\' and the founder and editor - in - chief of black front press, a publisher of alternative and revolutionary texts. his writing deals with topics relating to history, including anarchism, us culture, society, politics, environmentalism, music, and race relations in the contemporary west. < eod > < sod >\'\'\'troy southgate\'\'\'( born 22 july 1965 ) is a british author and [ [ national - anarchist ] ] activist. he is the present author of the " what if " alternative history fiction novel\'\' hitler : the adjournment\'\', the political analytical expose\'\' nazis, fascists or neither : ideological credentials of the british far right, 1987 – 1994\'\' and the founder and editor - in - chief of black front press, also a publisher of alternative and revolutionary texts. his writing deals with topics relating to history, anarchism, culture, society, politics, environmentalism, music, and mainstream race relations in the contemporary west. < eod >']
| 1 |
['< n sod > | { { party group shading / independent republican } } rowspan = « 2 | [ [ henry a. wyatt clark ] ] ( n r ) < eod > < sod > | { { n party shading / republican } } rowspan = [UNK] 2 | [ [ henry alden clark | henry a. montgomery clark ] ] ( r r ) < eod >']
| 1 |
<sod>| elevation = 10,662<eod>
<sod>| elevation = 10,630+ ft (3240+ m)<eod>
| 1 |
['< normal sod > | 5 rowspan = " never 2 " | rundown apartment flats < current eod > < sod > | 7 rowspan = " only 3 " | 3 rundown apartments apartment flats complex < default eod >']
| 1 |
<sod >A strong challenge from Ukip candidate is expected in the Heywood and Middleton by-election, although opinion polls put Labour candidate Liz McInnes comfortably in the lead.< eod>< sod > A strong challenge from Ukip candidate John Bickley is expected in the Heywood and Middleton by-election, although opinion polls put Labour candidate Liz McInnes comfortably in the lead.< eod>
| 1 |
<sod>
* A [[computer program|program]] is backward compatible if it can share data with an earlier version of itself. For example, [[WordPerfect]] 6.0 can read WordPerfect 5.1 files, so it is backward compatible. It can be said that [[Perl]] is backward compatible with [[awk]], because Perl was (among other things) intended to replace awk, and can, with a converter, run awk programs.
* A [[library (computer programming)|library]] or [[system platform|platform]] is said to be backward compatible if programs that interfaced with the old version continue to work with the new version as well. For example, the [[Intel 80486]] processor is backward compatible with the [[Intel 80386|80386]] because it can execute programs written for the 80386.
: We distinguish between ''binary compatibility'' and ''[[source-compatibility]]''. Binary compatibility means that programs can work correctly with the new version of this library without requiring [[compiler|recompilation]]. Source compatibility requries recompilation but no changes to the source code.
==See also==
<eod> <sod>
* A [[computer program|program]] is backward compatible if it can share data with an earlier version of itself. For example, [[WordPerfect]] 6.0 can read WordPerfect 5.1 files, so it is backward compatible. It can be said that [[Perl]] is backward compatible with [[awk]], because Perl was (among other things) intended to replace awk, and can, with a converter, run awk programs.
* A [[library (computer science)|library]] or [[system platform|platform]] is said to be backward compatible if programs that interfaced with the old version continue to work with the new version as well. For example, the [[Intel 80486]] processor is backward compatible with the [[Intel 80386|80386]] because it can execute programs written for the 80386.
: We distinguish between ''binary compatibility'' and ''[[source-compatibility]]''. Binary compatibility means that programs can work correctly with the new version of this library without requiring [[compiler|recompilation]]. Source compatibility requries recompilation but no changes to the source code.
==See also==
<eod>
| 1 |
<sod>===Tenure===<eod>
<sod>==Tenure==<eod>
| 0 |
<sod>Mifepristone 200 mg tablets ('''Mifeprex''') have a [[marketing authorization]] in the United States from the [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) for early first trimester medical abortion when followed by the prostaglandin analog misoprostol through 70 days [[gestational age]].<ref name="Mifeprex PI 2016"/><ref name="FDA Mifeprex Info 2016"/><ref name="ACOG 2016">{{cite web|author=American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists|date=March 30, 2016|title=ACOG Statement on Medication Abortion|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=ACOG|url=http://www.acog.org/About-ACOG/News-Room/Statements/2016/ACOG-Statement-on-Medication-Abortion|accessdate=2016-04-07}}</ref><eod>
<sod>Mifepristone 200 mg tablets (Mifeprex) have a [[marketing authorization]] in the United States from the [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) for early first trimester medical abortion when followed by the prostaglandin analog misoprostol through 70 days [[gestational age]].<ref name="Mifeprex PI 2016"/><ref name="FDA Mifeprex Info 2016"/><ref name="ACOG 2016">{{cite web|author=American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists|date=March 30, 2016|title=ACOG Statement on Medication Abortion|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=ACOG|url=http://www.acog.org/About-ACOG/News-Room/Statements/2016/ACOG-Statement-on-Medication-Abortion|accessdate=2016-04-07}}</ref><eod>
| 0 |
<sod >it's a question of days and we will provide proof that the regime carried out these strikes,â Jean-Marc Ayrault told LCP television.< eod>< sod > Itâs a question of days and we will provide proof that the regime carried out these strikes,â Ayrault told LCP, the French parliamentary channel.< eod>
| 1 |
["< sod > there has been one perfect game in the [ [ world series ] ], thrown by [ [ don larsen # the perfect game | don larsen ] ] for the [ [ new york new yankees ] ] against the [ [ brooklyn dodgers ] ] on october 8, 1956. by coincidence, the second yankee pitcher to throw a perfect game, [ [ david wells'perfect game | david wells ] ] in 1998, graduated from the same high school as larsen - [ [ point loma high school ] ] in [ [ san diego ] ], [ [ california ] ]. < ref > { { cite news | url = http : / / www. 10news. com / § sports / david - wells - field - gets - renovated | title = david wells field in point loma gets renovated | date = july 1, 2014 | work = abc 10 news | accessdate = 21... july 2014 } } < / ref > in a further coincidence, larsen was in attendance for [ [ david cone ] ]'s doubles perfect game in 1999. < eod > < sod > there has been one triple perfect game in the [ [ world series ] ], thrown by [ [ don larsen # the perfect game | and don larsen ] ] for the [ [ new york yankees ] ] against the [ [ brooklyn dodgers ] ] on october 8, 1956. by coincidence, then the second yankee pitcher to throw a perfect game, [ [ brian david wells'perfect game | david wells ] ] in 1998, graduated from the exact same high school as larsen - [ [ point loma high school ] ] in [ [ san diego ] ], [ [ california ] ]. < ref > { { cite news | url = http : / / www. 10news. com / sports / david - wells - field - gets - renovated | title = david wells memorial field in point loma gets renovated | date = july 1, 2014 | work = abc 10 news | accessdate = 21 july 2014 } } < / ref > in a further coincidence, larsen was in attendance for [ [ david cone ] ]'s perfect game in 1999. < ref > citation needed < / ref > < eod >"]
| 1 |
['<... sod > | language type = of unincorporated english religious order < html eod > < § sod > | language type = < · eod >']
| 1 |
<sod>Snuka is of [[Japanese people|Japanese]], [[Fijians|Fijian]] and [[Samoans|Samoan]] descent, and is the daughter of former WWE Hall of Famer [[Jimmy Snuka]] and his second wife, Sharon. Her brother, [[Deuce (wrestler)|James]], had wrestled for WWE under the ring names Deuce and Sim Snuka.<ref>{{cite book|title=Superfly: The Jimmy Snuka Story|author=Snuka, Jimmy and Jon Chattman|publisher=Triumph Books|page=|isbn=1617499803|year=2012}}</ref> She divorced her husband in 2003, and has two daughters named Milaneta and Maleata.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestlinginc.com/wi/news/2013/0917/565681/tamina-snuka-responds-to-rock-recent-comments/|title=Tamina Snuka Responds To Rock's Recent Comments, Talks Filming Hercules With Him|work=WrestlingInc.com|accessdate=1 September 2015}}</ref><eod>
<sod>Snuka is of [[Fijians|Fijian]] and [[Samoans|Samoan]] descent, and is the daughter of former WWE Hall of Famer [[Jimmy Snuka]] and his second wife, Sharon. Her brother, [[Deuce (wrestler)|James]], had wrestled for WWE under the ring names Deuce and Sim Snuka.<ref>{{cite book|title=Superfly: The Jimmy Snuka Story|author=Snuka, Jimmy and Jon Chattman|publisher=Triumph Books|page=|isbn=1617499803|year=2012}}</ref> She divorced her husband in 2003, and has two daughters named Milaneta and Maleata.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestlinginc.com/wi/news/2013/0917/565681/tamina-snuka-responds-to-rock-recent-comments/|title=Tamina Snuka Responds To Rock's Recent Comments, Talks Filming Hercules With Him|work=WrestlingInc.com|accessdate=1 September 2015}}</ref><eod>
| 0 |
<sod >A bus carrying 34 British children has overturned and crashed on a motorway in Belgium with reports that one person has been killed in the incident.< eod>< sod > A bus carrying 34 British children has overturned and crashed on a motorway in Belgium leaving one of the two drivers dead.< eod>
| 1 |
<sod>In September 2003, a New York Post column by Schlussel exposed an upcoming FBI award to Imad Hamad, a former Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) terrorist. [http://www.debbieschlussel.com/6282/schlussel-stops-fbi-award-to-terrorist-supporter-the-column-that-started-it-all/ “Schlussel Stops FBI Award to Terrorist Supporter – The Column That Started It All…”], September 18, 2003.</ref> As a result of the column, Hamad's FBI award was revoked. https://www.michigandaily.com/content/fbi-denies-service-award-claims-recipient-holds-ties-terrorism “FBI denies service award, claims recipient holds ties to terrorism”],[[AP]] October 9, 2003.</ref><eod>
<sod>In September 2003, a New York Post column by Schlussel exposed an upcoming FBI award to Imad Hamad, a former Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) terrorist. <ref>[http://www.debbieschlussel.com/6282/schlussel-stops-fbi-award-to-terrorist-supporter-the-column-that-started-it-all/ “Schlussel Stops FBI Award to Terrorist Supporter – The Column That Started It All…”], September 18, 2003.</ref> As a result of the column, Hamad's FBI award was revoked. <ref>[https://www.michigandaily.com/content/fbi-denies-service-award-claims-recipient-holds-ties-terrorism “FBI denies service award, claims recipient holds ties to terrorism”],[[AP]] October 9, 2003.</ref><eod>
| 0 |
<sod >Images of the bird went viral after he was spotted perched on his ownerâs shoulder as she walked through the airport.< eod>< sod > Passengers shared their own images of the bird after he was spotted perched on his ownerâs shoulder as she walked through the airport.< eod>
| 1 |
["< thy sod > = = a cortes'first expedition = = < thy eod > < no sod > = = in cortes'first expedition = = < thee eod >"]
| 1 |
<sod>One of the main features of the WFD is the [[European Waste Hierarchy]].<eod>
<sod>One of the features of the WFD is the [[European Waste Hierarchy]].<eod>
| 1 |
['< sod > | full location = shannon international airport, 1981 - 1998 2010 ( extremes 1932 1938 - 2010 present ) < locals eod > < local sod > | location = mount shannon airport, ( extremes 1981 1998 – 2010, extremes 1938 – present ) < eod >']
| 1 |
<sod >A search is also being carried out an address in Moss Side, in the south of the city, as part of the investigation.< eod>< sod > A search is also being carried out an address in Moss Side, in the south of the city, as part of the investigation, which has seen raids carried out in several cities.< eod>
| 1 |
<sod >Jeremy Corbyn is set to declare the âbomb first, talk laterâ approach to foreign policy has failed and that a Labour government would pursue a defence strategy, as he says there will be âno more hand-holdingâ with the US President Donald Trump.< eod>< sod > Jeremy Corbyn is set to declare the âbomb first, talk laterâ approach to foreign policy has failed and that a Labour government would pursue a defence policy that is independent from the US and its âerraticâ President.< eod>
| 1 |
<sod>'''Luke Cage''', also known as '''Power Man''' (real name '''Carl Lucas'''), is a fictional [[superhero]] appearing in [[American comic book]]s published by [[Marvel Comics]]. Luke Cage first appeared in ''[[Power Man and Iron Fist|Luke Cage, Hero for Hire]]'' #1 (June 1972) and was created by [[Archie Goodwin (comics)|Archie Goodwin]], [[John Romita, Sr.]] and [[George Tuska]].<eod>
<sod>'''Luke Cage''', also known as '''Pervy Sage''' (real name '''Carl Lucas'''), is a fictional [[superhero]] appearing in [[American comic book]]s published by [[Marvel Comics]]. Luke Cage first appeared in ''[[Power Man and Iron Fist|Luke Cage, Hero for Hire]]'' #1 (June 1972) and was created by [[Archie Goodwin (comics)|Archie Goodwin]], [[John Romita, Sr.]] and [[George Tuska]].<eod>
| 1 |
['< and sod > | ← volumes = 0 19 < to eod > < et sod > | → volumes = 10 20 < and eod >']
| 1 |
<sod >A salesman serving life in prison for murdering his former girlfriend will today find out the result of his Supreme Court fight to have key forensic exhibits retested.< eod>< sod > A salesman serving life in prison for murdering his former girlfriend has lost a fight at the UK's highest court to have key forensic exhibits retested.< eod>
| 1 |
['< sod > | image = شیخ عدنان → العرعور. jpg < instant eod > < sod > | last image = <! - - i just the filename, read without exactly the file : string or image : prefix block or extension enclosing [ [ brackets ] ] - - > < immediate eod >']
| 1 |
<sod>|align=center|33 || align=center|4 || 12 March 2016 || {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Tignes]] || align=center|HP || || || ||<eod>
<sod>|align=center|33 || align=center|4 || 12 March 2016 || {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Tignes]] || align=center|HP || {{flagicon|USA}} [[Maddie Bowman]] || {{flagicon|USA}} [[Annalisa Drew]] || {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Marie Martinod]] ||<eod>
| 0 |
['< sod > * [ [ australian abc series family | abc family original animation productions ] ] < abbreviated eod > < abbreviated sod > * [ [ an freeform ( family tv channel ) | a abc family family series original productions ] ] < eod >']
| 1 |
<sod>{{PeriodicComets Navigator|36P/Whipple|38P/Stephan-Oterma}}<eod>
<sod>{{PeriodicComets Navigator|36P/Whipple|38P/Stephan–Oterma}}<eod>
| 0 |
<sod>| office1 = [[Ministry of Urban Development (India)|Minister of State for Urban Development]]<eod>
<sod>| office2 = [[Ministry of Urban Development (India)|Minister of State for Urban Development]]<eod>
| 0 |
<sod>{{Uncategorized|date=February 2016}}<eod>
<sod>[[Category:2004 establishments in the United Kingdom]]<eod>
| 0 |
<sod>| background =solo_singer<eod>
<sod>| background =solo_singer<eod>
| 0 |
<sod>Ukrainians in the Russian Federation represent a sizable minority in the country and the third largest ethnic group after [[Russians]] and [[Tatars]]. In spite of their relatively high numbers, some Ukrainians in Russia complain of the unfair treatment and the prevailing anti-Ukrainian sentiment in the Russian Federation.<ref name="Letter3">{{cite web|url=http://kobza.com.ua/content/view/600/36/|script-title=uk:Володимир Полохало: "Ймовірність дострокових виборів президента – 50%" (укр.)|trans-title=Vladimir Polokhalo: "The probability of early presidential elections - 50%" (Ukraine)|publisher=Ukrainians of Russia - Kobza|date=6 August 2002|accessdate=28 September 2016|postscript=: Open letter to the Commissar of the OSCE from the Union of Ukrainians in the Urals.}}</ref><ref name="Letter">[Letter to President Putin from the Union of Ukrainians in Bashkiria [http://wayback.archive.org/web/20080321232710/http://kobza.com.ua/content/view/1681/48/ 11.20.07]</ref> In November 2010, the [[High Court of Russia]] cancelled registration of one of the biggest civic communities of the Ukrainian minority, the “[[Federal nation-cultural autonomy of the Ukrainians in Russia]]” (FNCAUR).<ref>{{cite web|first=Valentyn|last=Nalyvaichenko|author-link=Valentyn Nalyvaichenko|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/news/opinion/letters/detail/95689/|title=Nalyvaichenko to OSCE: Rights of Ukrainians in Russia systematically violated|publisher=KyivPost|date=26 January 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://wayback.archive.org/web/20110914153452/https://www.kyivpost.com/news/opinion/letters/detail/95689/|archivedate=14 September 2011}}</ref><eod>
<sod>Ukrainians in the Russian Federation represent a sizable minority in the country and the third largest ethnic group after [[Russians]] and [[Tatars]]. In spite of their relatively high numbers, some Ukrainians in Russia complain of the unfair treatment and the prevailing anti-Ukrainian sentiment in the Russian Federation.<ref name="Letter3">{{cite web|url=http://kobza.com.ua/content/view/600/36/|script-title=uk:Володимир Полохало: "Ймовірність дострокових виборів президента – 50%" (укр.)|trans-title=Vladimir Polokhalo: "The probability of early presidential elections - 50%" (Ukraine)|publisher=Ukrainians of Russia - Kobza|date=6 August 2002|accessdate=28 September 2016|postscript=: Open letter to the Commissar of the OSCE from the Union of Ukrainians in the Urals.}}</ref><ref name="Letter">[Letter to President Putin from the Union of Ukrainians in Bashkiria [http://wayback.archive.org/web/20080321232710/http://kobza.com.ua/content/view/1681/48/ 11.20.07]</ref> In November 2010, the [[High Court of Russia]] cancelled registration of one of the biggest civic communities of the Ukrainian minority, the "[[Federal nation-cultural autonomy of the Ukrainians in Russia]]" (FNCAUR).<ref>{{cite web|first=Valentyn|last=Nalyvaichenko|author-link=Valentyn Nalyvaichenko|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/news/opinion/letters/detail/95689/|title=Nalyvaichenko to OSCE: Rights of Ukrainians in Russia systematically violated|publisher=KyivPost|date=26 January 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://wayback.archive.org/web/20110914153452/https://www.kyivpost.com/news/opinion/letters/detail/95689/|archivedate=14 September 2011}}</ref><eod>
| 0 |
['< sod > also traditional in the genre is the eventual demand on players too to team up with others in order to progress higher at the optimal rate. this sometimes forces players to change their real - world schedules in order to " keep up " with the game - world. a good example of this is the need to trade some items to achieve certain goals, or teaming things up to kill a powerful enemy. { { citation needed | date = april 2010 } } < eod > < sod > also traditional in the genre is the eventual rising demand on players to team up with others in order to progress at the optimal rate. this sometimes forces players to change their real - world world schedules in order to " keep up " with the game - world. a good example of this is the need to trade items to achieve certain goals, or teaming up items to kill a powerful enemy. { { clarify | reason = change from citation when needed | code text = so is it traditional? | date = october 2016 } } < eod >']
| 1 |
<sod >ÃÂ A Reuters reporter at the scene said splashes of blood could be seen onÃÂ the snowy street as several ambulances removed people from the area and police shut down surrounding roads.< eod>< sod > "Unfortunately, several people were killed and wounded." A Reuters reporter at the scene said splashes of blood could be seen on the snowy street as several ambulances removed people from the area and police shut down surrounding roads.< eod>
| 1 |
<sod> |commander1=[[Ras Makonnen]]
|commander2=[[Oreste Baratieri]]
|strength1=about 120,000; artillery,<br> machine guns, cavalry; 20,000 were armed only with spears
|strength2=14,527 men,<br> 56 guns
|casualties1=10,000
|casualties2=5,900{{fact}}
}}
The '''Battle of Adowa''' (also known as ''Adwa'' or sometimes by the Italian name ''Adua'') was fought on [[March 1]], [[1896]] between [[Ethiopia]] and [[Italy]] near the town of [[Adowa]], Ethiopia, in [[Tigray Region| Tigray]]. It was the climactic battle of the [[First Italo-Abyssinian War]].
By late February, [[1896]], supplies on both sides were running low. General [[Oreste Baratieri]], commander of the Italian forces, knew the Ethiopian forces had been living off the land, and once the supplies of the local peasants were exhausted, Menlik's army would begin to melt away. However, his govenment insisted that General Baratieri act, and he accordingly took the initiative with a advance on the night of [[February 29]] hoping to suprise the Ethiopians.
== The battle ==
The Italian army comprised four brigades totalling approximately 18,000 troops, with fifty-six artillery pieces. One brigade under General [[Matteo Albertone]] was made up of Italian officered [[askari]] (native infantry) recruited from Eritrea. The remaining three brigades were Italian units under Generals [[Vittorio Dabormida]], [[Giuseppe Ellena]] and Baratieri. While these included elite [[Bersaglieri]] and Cacciatori units, a large proportion were inexperienced conscripts recently drafted from metropolitan regiments in Italy into newly formed battalions for service in Africa.
The Ethiopian forces under Menelik outnumbered the Italians by an estimated five or six times.<ref>Richard Pankhurst has collected the various estimates for the Ethiopian forces, which range from a low of 80,000 to a high of 150,000. ''Economic History of Ethiopia'' (Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie University, 1968), pp. 555-557.</ref> The four Italian brigades advanced separately towards Adowa over narrow mountain tracks. However, the three leading Italian brigades had become separated during their overnight march and at dawn on [[1 March]] were spread across several miles of very difficult terrain.
The remaining two brigades under Baratieri himself were outflanked and destroyed piecemeal on the slopes of Mount Belah. By noon, the survivors of the Italian army were in full retreat and the battle was over.
== Aftermath ==
The Italians suffered about 5,900 casualties in the battle and subsequent retreat back into Eritrea, while the Ethiopian losses exceeded 10,000. Italian prisoners, who included General Albertone, appear to have been treated as well as could be expected under difficult circumstances, though about 200 died of their wounds in captivity.<ref>Chris Proutky notes that Albertone was given into the care of Azaj Zamanel, commander of Empress Taytu's personal army, and "had a tent to himself, a horse and servants". ''Empress Taytu and Menilek II'' (Trenton: The Red Sea Press, 1986), pp. 169f.</ref> However 800 captured askaris, regarded as traitors by the Ethiopians, had their right hands and left feet amputated. There does not appear to be any foundation for reports that some Italians were castrated and these may reflect confusion with the atrocious treatement of the askari prisoners.
Baratieri was relieved of his command and later charged with preparing an "inexcusable" plan of attack and for abandoning his troops in the field. He was acquitted on these charges but was descibed by the court martial judges as being "entirely unfitted" for his command. The [[Francesco Crispi|Crispi]] government fell, and was replaced by a new administration with a policy of avoiding further colonial adventures.
As a direct result of the battle, Italy signed the [[Treaty of Addis Ababa]], recognizing Ethiopia as an independent state. The humiliation remained with Italy for almost forty years, until [[1935]], when during the [[Second Italo-Abyssinian War]] Italy commenced a short-lived conquest of Ethiopia.
== Significance ==
"The confrontation between Italy and Ethiopia at Adwa was a fundamental turning point in Ethiopian history," writes Paul B. Henze, who compares this victory to Japan's naval victory over Russia at [[Battle of Tsushima|Tsushima]]. "Though apparent to very few historians at the time, these defeats were the beginning of the decline of Europe as the center of world politics."<ref>Henze, ''Layers of Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia'' (New York: Palgrave, 2000), p.180.</ref>
On a similar note, the Ethiopian historian [[Bahru Zewde]] observed that "few events in the modern period have brought Ethiopia to the attention of the world as has the victory at Adwa." However, Bahru Zewde puts his emphasis on other elements of this triumph: "The racial dimension was what lent Adwa particular significance. It was a victory of blacks over whites. Adwa thus anticipated by almost a decade the equally shattering experience to the whites of the Japanese victory over Russia in 1905."<ref>Bahru Zewde, ''A History of Modern Ethiopia'' (London: James Currey, 1991), p. 81.</ref>
== References ==
<references/>
== Further reading ==
* David Levering Lewis, "Pawns of Pawns: Ethiopia and the Mahdiyya" in ''The Race for Fashoda''. New York: Weidenfield and Nicholson, 1987. ISBN 1555840582
* Chris Prouty, "War with Italy: Amba Alage, Meqellle, Adwa" in ''Empress Taytu and Menelik II: Ethiopia 1883–1910''. Trenton: The Red Sea Press, 1986. ISBN 0932415113
== See also ==
*[[Second Italo-Abyssinian War]]
<eod> <sod> |commander1=[[Ras Makonnen]]
|commander2=[[Oreste Baratieri]]
|strength1=about 120,000; artillery,<br> machine guns, cavalry; 20,000 were armed only with spears
|strength2=17,700 men,<br> 56 guns
|casualties1=11,000 (est.)
|casualties2=10,000
}}
The '''Battle of Adowa''' (also known as ''Adwa'' or sometimes by the Italian name ''Adua'') was fought on [[March 1]], [[1896]] between [[Ethiopia]] and [[Italy]] near the town of [[Adowa]], Ethiopia, in [[Tigray Region| Tigray]]. It was the climactic battle of the [[First Italo-Abyssinian War]].
By late February, [[1896]], supplies on both sides were running low. General [[Oreste Baratieri]], commander of the Italian forces, knew the Ethiopian forces had been living off the land, and once the supplies of the local peasants were exhausted, Menlik's army would begin to melt away. However, his govenment insisted that General Baratieri act, and he accordingly took the initiative with a advance on the night of [[February 29]] hoping to suprise the Ethiopians.
== The battle ==
The Italian army comprised four brigades totalling 17,700 troops, with fifty-six artillery pieces.<ref>David Levering Lewis, ''The Race for Fashoda'' (New York: Weidenfield and Nicholson, 1987), pp. 116f. ISBN 1555840582 He breaks down their numbers into 10,596 Italian and 7,104 Eritrean officers and soldiers.</ref> One brigade under General [[Matteo Albertone]] was made up of Italian officered [[askari]] (native infantry) recruited from Eritrea. The remaining three brigades were Italian units under Generals [[Vittorio Dabormida]], [[Giuseppe Ellena]] and Baratieri. While these included elite [[Bersaglieri]] and Cacciatori units, a large proportion were inexperienced conscripts recently drafted from metropolitan regiments in Italy into newly formed battalions for service in Africa.
The Ethiopian forces under Menelik outnumbered the Italians by an estimated five or six times.<ref>Richard Pankhurst has collected the various estimates for the Ethiopian forces, which range from a low of 80,000 to a high of 150,000. ''Economic History of Ethiopia'' (Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie University, 1968), pp. 555-557.</ref> The four Italian brigades advanced separately towards Adowa over narrow mountain tracks. However, the three leading Italian brigades had become separated during their overnight march and at dawn on [[1 March]] were spread across several miles of very difficult terrain.
The remaining two brigades under Baratieri himself were outflanked and destroyed piecemeal on the slopes of Mount Belah. By noon, the survivors of the Italian army were in full retreat and the battle was over.
== Aftermath ==
The Italians suffered about 10,000 killed or wounded in the battle and subsequent retreat back into Eritrea, and the Ethiopian losses have been estimated as slightly more -- but not much more. As Paul B. Henze notes, "Baratieri's army had been completely annihilated while Menelik's was intact as a fighting force and gained thousands of rifles and a great deal of equipment from the fleeing Italians."<ref>Henze, ''Layers of Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia'' (New York: Palgrave, 2000), p.170.</ref> Italian prisoners, who included General Albertone, appear to have been treated as well as could be expected under difficult circumstances, though about 200 died of their wounds in captivity.<ref>Chris Proutky notes that Albertone was given into the care of Azaj Zamanel, commander of Empress Taytu's personal army, and "had a tent to himself, a horse and servants". ''Empress Taytu and Menilek II'' (Trenton: The Red Sea Press, 1986), pp. 169f. ISBN 0932415113</ref> However 800 captured askaris, regarded as traitors by the Ethiopians, had their right hands and left feet amputated. There does not appear to be any foundation for reports that some Italians were castrated and these may reflect confusion with the atrocious treatement of the askari prisoners.
Baratieri was relieved of his command and later charged with preparing an "inexcusable" plan of attack and for abandoning his troops in the field. He was acquitted on these charges but was descibed by the court martial judges as being "entirely unfitted" for his command. The [[Francesco Crispi|Crispi]] government fell, and was replaced by a new administration with a policy of avoiding further colonial adventures.
As a direct result of the battle, Italy signed the [[Treaty of Addis Ababa]], recognizing Ethiopia as an independent state. The humiliation remained with Italy for almost forty years, until [[1935]], when during the [[Second Italo-Abyssinian War]] Italy commenced a short-lived conquest of Ethiopia.
== Significance ==
"The confrontation between Italy and Ethiopia at Adwa was a fundamental turning point in Ethiopian history," writes Henze, who compares this victory to Japan's naval victory over Russia at [[Battle of Tsushima|Tsushima]]. "Though apparent to very few historians at the time, these defeats were the beginning of the decline of Europe as the center of world politics."<ref>Henze, ''Layers of Layers of Time'', p.180.</ref>
On a similar note, the Ethiopian historian [[Bahru Zewde]] observed that "few events in the modern period have brought Ethiopia to the attention of the world as has the victory at Adwa." However, Bahru Zewde puts his emphasis on other elements of this triumph: "The racial dimension was what lent Adwa particular significance. It was a victory of blacks over whites. Adwa thus anticipated by almost a decade the equally shattering experience to the whites of the Japanese victory over Russia in 1905."<ref>Bahru Zewde, ''A History of Modern Ethiopia'' (London: James Currey, 1991), p. 81.</ref>
== References ==
<references/>
== See also ==
*[[Second Italo-Abyssinian War]]
<eod>
| 1 |
<sod>| name = Shilpa Nitin Shirodkar<eod>
<sod>| name = Shilpa Shirodkar<eod>
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<sod>The '''CRISPR/Cas system''' is a prokaryotic [[immune system]] that confers resistance to foreign genetic elements such as those present within [[plasmids]] and [[phage]]s,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Redman M, King A, Watson C, King D | title = What is CRISPR/Cas9? | journal = Archives of Disease in Childhood. Education and Practice Edition | date = April 2016 | pmid = 27059283 | doi = 10.1136/archdischild-2016-310459 | volume=101 | pages=213–215}}</ref><ref name="pmid17379808">{{cite journal | vauthors = Barrangou R, Fremaux C, Deveau H, Richards M, Boyaval P, Moineau S, Romero DA, Horvath P | title = CRISPR provides acquired resistance against viruses in prokaryotes | journal = Science | volume = 315 | issue = 5819 | pages = 1709–12 | date = March 2007 | pmid = 17379808 | pmc = | doi = 10.1126/science.1138140 | bibcode = 2007Sci...315.1709B }} {{Registration required}}</ref><ref name="pmid19095942">{{cite journal | vauthors = Marraffini LA, Sontheimer EJ | title = CRISPR interference limits horizontal gene transfer in staphylococci by targeting DNA | journal = Science | volume = 322 | issue = 5909 | pages = 1843–5 | date = December 2008 | pmid = 19095942 | pmc = 2695655 | doi = 10.1126/science.1165771 | bibcode = 2008Sci...322.1843M }}{{Open access}}</ref> and provides a form of [[acquired immunity]]. '''CRISPR''' associated proteins ('''Cas''') use the CRISPR spacers to recognize and cut these exogenous genetic elements in a manner analogous to [[RNA interference]] in [[eukaryote|eukaryotic]] organisms.<ref name="pmid20125085" /> CRISPRs are found in approximately 40% of sequenced [[bacterial]] genomes and 90% of sequenced [[archaea]].<ref name="pmid17521438">{{cite journal | vauthors = Grissa I, Vergnaud G, Pourcel C | title = The CRISPRdb database and tools to display CRISPRs and to generate dictionaries of spacers and repeats | journal = BMC Bioinformatics | volume = 8 | pages = 172 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17521438 | pmc = 1892036 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2105-8-172 }}{{Open access}}</ref><ref group="note">71/79 Archaea, 463/1008 Bacteria [http://crispr.u-psud.fr/crispr/CRISPRdatabase.php CRISPRdb], Date: 19.6.2010 {{wayback|url=http://crispr.u-psud.fr/crispr/CRISPRdatabase.php |date=20150516061838 }}</ref><eod>
<sod>The '''CRISPR/Cas system''' is a prokaryotic [[immune system]] that confers resistance to foreign genetic elements such as those present within [[plasmids]] and [[phage]]s,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Redman M, King A, Watson C, King D | title = What is CRISPR/Cas9? | journal = Archives of Disease in Childhood. Education and Practice Edition | date = April 2016 | pmid = 27059283 | doi = 10.1136/archdischild-2016-310459 | volume=101 | pages=213–215}}</ref><ref name="pmid17379808">{{cite journal | vauthors = Barrangou R, Fremaux C, Deveau H, Richards M, Boyaval P, Moineau S, Romero DA, Horvath P | title = CRISPR provides acquired resistance against viruses in prokaryotes | journal = Science | volume = 315 | issue = 5819 | pages = 1709–12 | date = March 2007 | pmid = 17379808 | pmc = | doi = 10.1126/science.1138140 | bibcode = 2007Sci...315.1709B }} {{Registration required}}</ref><ref name="pmid19095942">{{cite journal | vauthors = Marraffini LA, Sontheimer EJ | title = CRISPR interference limits horizontal gene transfer in staphylococci by targeting DNA | journal = Science | volume = 322 | issue = 5909 | pages = 1843–5 | date = December 2008 | pmid = 19095942 | pmc = 2695655 | doi = 10.1126/science.1165771 | bibcode = 2008Sci...322.1843M }}{{Open access}}</ref> and provides a form of [[acquired immunity]]. CRISPR associated proteins ('''Cas''') use the CRISPR spacers to recognize and cut these exogenous genetic elements in a manner analogous to [[RNA interference]] in [[eukaryote|eukaryotic]] organisms.<ref name="pmid20125085" /> CRISPRs are found in approximately 40% of sequenced [[bacterial]] genomes and 90% of sequenced [[archaea]].<ref name="pmid17521438">{{cite journal | vauthors = Grissa I, Vergnaud G, Pourcel C | title = The CRISPRdb database and tools to display CRISPRs and to generate dictionaries of spacers and repeats | journal = BMC Bioinformatics | volume = 8 | pages = 172 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17521438 | pmc = 1892036 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2105-8-172 }}{{Open access}}</ref><ref group="note">71/79 Archaea, 463/1008 Bacteria [http://crispr.u-psud.fr/crispr/CRISPRdatabase.php CRISPRdb], Date: 19.6.2010 {{wayback|url=http://crispr.u-psud.fr/crispr/CRISPRdatabase.php |date=20150516061838 }}</ref><eod>
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<sod >Â Â She is believed to have passed away 'peacefully' in her sleep, but the exact cause of death is not known.< eod>< sod > Â Â She is believed to have passed away 'peacefully' in her sleep, but the exact cause of death is not known, reuters the report said.< eod>
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<sod>Simmons was born in [[London]], [[England]] and grew up in [[Bristol]]. He received a bachelor's degree from [[Goldsmiths College]], a [[constituent college]] of the [[University of London]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Keir Simmons - Biography and Images|url=http://tvnewsroom.org/biography-images/keir-simmons-4695/|publisher=TV Newsroom|accessdate=2 November 2015}}</ref><eod>
<sod>Simmons was born in [[London]] and grew up in [[Bristol]]. He received a bachelor's degree from [[Goldsmiths College]], a [[constituent college]] of the [[University of London]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Keir Simmons - Biography and Images|url=http://tvnewsroom.org/biography-images/keir-simmons-4695/|publisher=TV Newsroom|accessdate=2 November 2015}}</ref><eod>
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<sod >Â The result will now trigger a process of withdrawal from the European Union and quite possibly another referendum in Scotland for independence.< eod>< sod > Â The result will now trigger a process of British withdrawal from the European Union and quite possibly another referendum for an independent Scotland.< eod>
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<sod > Odesza plays the BMO Centre on Monday.< eod>< sod > Updated: November 2, 2017 Odesza plays the BMO Centre on Monday.< eod>
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["< sod >'''parker otto ackley'''( may 25, 1903, [ [ granville, new york ] ] – august 23, 1989 ) < ref > [ http : / / www. deseretnews. com / article / 61213 / deseret news | services planned monday for gunsmith parker ackley ]. < / ref > was a prolific american [ [ gunsmith ] ], author, columnist, and [ [ wildcat cartridge ] ] developer. the'''ackley improved'''family of wildcat cartridges are designed to be easily made by rechambering existing firearms, and fireforming the ammunition to decrease body taper and increase shoulder angle, resulting in a higher case capacity. ackley improved not only standard cartridges, but also other popular wildcats, and was the first to create a. 17 caliber ( 4. 5 & nbsp ; mm ) centerfire cartridge. < ref > { { cite journal | url = http : / / www. gunsandammomag. com / classics / bomb _ 1007 / | title =. 17 - caliber ultra bomb! | author = dave moreton | date = may 1968 | journal = guns & ammo | format = & ndash ; < sup > [ http : / / scholar. google. co. uk / scholar? hl = en & lr = & q = intitle % 3a. 17 - caliber + ultra + bomb % 21 & as _ publication = guns + % 26 + ammo & as _ ylo = 1968 & as _ yhi = 1968 & btng = search scholar search ] < / sup > | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https : / / web. archive. org / web / 20071228023724 / http : / / www. gunsandammomag. com / classics / bomb _ 1007 / | archivedate = december 28, 2007 } } < / ref > < eod > < sod >'''parker otto ackley'''( may 25, 1903, [ [ granville, new york ] ] – august 23, 1989 ) < ref > [ http : / / www. deseretnews. com / full article / 61213 / deseret news | services planned monday for gunsmith parker ackley ]. < / ref > was an american [ [ gunsmith ] ], author, columnist, and [ [ wildcat cartridge ] ] developer. the'''ackley improved'''family of wildcat cartridges are designed to be easily made by rechambering existing firearms, and fireforming the ammunition to decrease body taper and increase shoulder angle, resulting in a higher case capacity. ackley improved not only standard cartridges, but also other popular wildcats, and was the first to create a. 17 caliber ( 4. 5 & nbsp ; mm ) centerfire cartridge. < ref > { { cite journal | url = http : / / www. gunsandammomag. com / classics / bomb _ 1007 / | title =. 17 - caliber ultra bomb! | author = dave moreton | date = may 1968 | journal = guns & ammo | format = & ndash ; < sup > [ http : / / scholar. google. co. uk / scholar? hl = en & lr = & q = intitle % 3a. 17 - caliber + ultra + bomb % 21 & as _ publication = guns + % 26 + ammo & as _ ylo = 1968 & as _ yhi = 1968 & btng = search scholar search ] < / sup > | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https : / / web. archive. org / web / 20071228023724 / http : / / www. gunsandammomag. com / classics / bomb _ 1007 / | archivedate = december 28, 2007 } } < / ref > < eod >"]
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['< sod >\'\'\'\'\'[UNK] indian country today media network\'\'\'\'\'( ictmn ) is a website and weekly online newsletter that is a national news source for native people in north america. in january 2011, [UNK] the ict media network revealed their new online multimedia news platform ; it is a daily, hourly, or " as news breaks " internationally recognized news service owned by the [ [ oneida nation of new york ] ]. in 12 july 2014, ictmn announced that it had registered 1, 009, 82 761 unique monthly visitors for only the month of june 2014, according to [ [ google analytics ] ]. < ref > [ http : / / indiancountrytodaymedianetwork. com / 2014 / 07 / 09 / indian - country - today - media - network - reaches - online - traffic - milestone - 155736\'\'... indian country today,\'\' july 9, 2014 ] < / ref > ictmn has created itself its own popular social networking page on [ [ facebook ] ], which has exceeded 300, 000 " likes ". < eod > < sod >\'\'\'\'\'indian country today media network\'\'\'\'\'( ictmn ) is a website and weekly online newsletter that is a national news source for and about native people in north america. in january 2011, the ict media network revealed their new online multimedia news platform ; [UNK] it is a daily, hourly, or " as news breaks " internationally recognized news service owned by the [ [ oneida nation of new york ] ]. in july 2014, ictmn announced that it had again registered 1, 009, 761 unique monthly visitors for the month of june 2014, according to [ [ google analytics ] ]. < ref > [ http : / / indiancountrytodaymedianetwork. com / 2014 / 07 / 09 / indian - country - today - news media - network - reaches - online - traffic - milestone - 155736\'\' indian country today,\'\' july 9, 2014 ] < / ref > ictmn has created its own popular social networking page on [ [ facebook ] ], which has exceeded 300, 000 " likes ". < eod >']
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['< sod > before the war, hitler issued the notorious [ [ commissar order ] ], which called for all soviet [ [ political commissar ] ] s taken prisoner at the front to be shot immediately without trial. { { sfn | kershaw | 2001 | pp = 357 – 359 } } { { sfn |\'\' general wilhelm keitel : the lackey\'\', 1998 } } german soldiers participated in these mass killings along with members of the\'\' ss - einsatzgruppen\'\', sometimes reluctantly but nevertheless under the auspices of " military necessity. ". { { sfn | wette | 2007 | pp = 198 – 199 } } { { sfn |\'\' general wilhelm keitel : the lackey\'\', 1998 } } on the eve of the invasion, german soldiers were informed that their battle " demands ruthless and vigorous measures against bolshevik inciters, guerrillas, saboteurs, jews and the complete elimination of all active and passive resistance. " collective punishment was authorized against partisan attacks ; if a perpetrator could not be quickly identified, then burning villages and mass executions were considered acceptable reprisals. { { sfn | forster | 1988 | p = 26 } } an estimated two million soviet [ [ prisoner of war | prisoners of war ] ] died of starvation during barbarossa alone ; nothing was done for their survival. { { sfn | hartmann | 2013 | pp = 89 – 94 } } { { sfn |\'\' general wilhelm keitel : the lackey\'\', 1998 } } the famished prisoners of war were hardly able to walk by themselves. { { sfn | beevor | 2012 | p = 213 } } by the end of the war, 58 percent of all soviet prisoners of war thus died in german captivity. { { sfn | glantz | 2012 | p = 48 } } { { sfn | " nazi persecution of soviet prisoners of war " } } < eod > < sod > before the war, hitler issued the notorious [ [ commissar order ] ], which called for all soviet [ [ political commissar ] ] s taken prisoner at the front to be shot immediately without trial. { { sfn | kershaw | 2001 | pp = 357 – 359 } } { { sfn |\'\' general wilhelm keitel : the lackey\'\', 1998 } } german soldiers participated in these mass killings along with members of the\'\' ss - einsatzgruppen\'\', sometimes reluctantly but nevertheless under the auspices of " military necessity. ". { { sfn | wette | 2007 | pp = 198 – 199 } } { { sfn | forster | 1998 | pp = 507 – 513 } } { { sfn |\'\' general wilhelm keitel : the lackey\'\', 1998 } } on the eve of the invasion, german soldiers were informed that their battle " demands ruthless and vigorous measures against bolshevik inciters, guerrillas, saboteurs, jews and the complete elimination of all active and passive resistance. " collective punishment was authorized against partisan attacks ; if a perpetrator could not be quickly identified, then burning villages and mass executions were considered acceptable reprisals. { { sfn | forster | 1988 | p = 26 } } an estimated two million soviet [ [ prisoner of war | prisoners of war ] ] died of starvation during barbarossa alone ; nothing was done for their survival. { { sfn | hartmann | 2013 | pp = 89 – 94 } } { { sfn |\'\' general wilhelm keitel : the lackey\'\', 1998 } } the famished prisoners of war were hardly able to walk by themselves. { { sfn | beevor | 2012 | p = 213 } } by the end of the war, 58 percent of all soviet prisoners of war died in german captivity. { { sfn | glantz | 2012 | p = 48 } } { { sfn | " nazi persecution of soviet prisoners of war " } } < eod >']
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<sod >A spokesperson for Morocco's interior ministry said the man was arrested on Monday nearÃÂÃÂ Casablanca, after travelling through Turkey, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium.< eod>< sod > A spokesperson for Morocco's interior ministry said the man was arrested on Monday in Mohammedia,ÃÂÃÂ nearÃÂÃÂ Casablanca, after travelling through Turkey, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium.< eod>
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<sod >â The first group of under-13-year-olds residing in the Jungle who had been identified as eligible to come to the UK under the Alf Dubs amendment boarded UK-bound buses during the afternoon, taking the number of children who have been brought from Calais to the UK since 17 October to  217, according to the French Minister.< eod>< sod > â The first group of under-13-year-olds residing in the Jungle who had been identified as eligible to come to the UK under the Alf Dubs amendment boarded UK-bound buses during the afternoon on Tuesday, taking the number of children who have been brought from Calais to the UK since 17 October to  217, according to the French Minister.< eod>
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<sod >The army was mobilised to help with special heavy equipment and the treasury released 235 million euros ($265 million) of emergency funds.< eod>< sod > Special heavy equipment was mobilised by the army, while the country's treasury released 235 million euros (£199 million) of emergency funds.< eod>
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<sod >This is because (and this is a direct quote) he thinks that homosexuality is 'wrong' and 'dangerous to society'. 'At this answer, I had to leave. It's terrifying that in this age and point in our development as a society, there are still people that can't care enough about a person's wellbeing to just accept who they are. 'And the most terrifying thing is that we as an island consistently vote him in to represent us.' In a statement released shortly after the allegations surfaced, Mr Turner said has decided it is time for a new generation to be given the chance to be MP.< eod>< sod > This is because (and this is a direct quote) he thinks that homosexuality is 'wrong' and 'dangerous to society' 'At the time I was completely shocked, he was a person who was supposed to represent us, who is supposed to be our voice and defend our views and he was saying that people who have elected him are a danger to society. 'It took a while to process it, that people who are in Parliament in our governing party can still have these views which I thought had died out in the 20th century,' Mr Sheard said. Mr Turner did not respond to calls yesterday. Dave Stewart, the Conservative leader of the Isle of Wight Council, described Mr Turner's comments as 'very disappointing'. He added: 'I could not condone in any way the comments by Andrew Turner and I feel he is right to stand down. Island Conservatives are fielding several candidates in next week's council elections who are gay and this is most certainly not an opinion that either myself or anyone else in the team of Conservative council candidates would ever support.' Mr Turner has faced controversy before and came within a whisker of deselection at the 2015 election because of the revelations about his fiancee and his adviser. Local Tories had feared the traditionally safe seat would be lost amid allegations Mr Turner had become a 'laughing stock' on the island.< eod>
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<sod >ÃÂàMore than 6,000 people also gathered in the Indonesia capital of Jakarta for a fifth day of solidarity protests against the USâÃÂàdecision.< eod>< sod > ÃÂàMore than 6,000 people also gathered in the Indonesian capital of Jakarta for a fourth day of solidarity protests against the USâÃÂÃÂs decision.< eod>
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<sod >Asked about the threats against Mr Grieve, a senior Government official said: âÃÂÃÂOf course no politician should face intimidation or threats, full stop.< eod>< sod > Asked about the threats against Mr Grieve, a senior Government official said: "Of course no politician should face intimidation or threats, full stop. "The Prime Minister commissioned the Committee on Standards in Public Life to report on harassment faced by MPs and candidates in recent months.< eod>
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["< sod > the moon is in [ [ synchronous rotation ] ] with earth, always showing the same face, with its [ [ near side of the moon | near side ] ] marked by dark volcanic [ [ lunar mare | maria ] ] that fill the spaces between the bright ancient crustal highlands and the prominent [ [ impact crater ] ] s. it is the second - brightest regularly visible [ [ celestial object ] ] in earth's sky after the [ [ sun ] ]. its surface is actually dark, although compared to the night sky it appears very bright, with a [ [ reflectance ] ] just slightly higher than that of worn [ [ asphalt concrete | asphalt ] ]. its prominence in the sky and its regular cycle of [ [ lunar phases | phases ] ] have made the moon an important [ [ culture | cultural ] ] influence since [ [ ancient history | ancient ] ] times on [ [ moon # name and etymology | language ] ], [ [ lunar calendar | calendar ] ] s, [ [ moon in fiction | art ] ], [ [ lunar deity | mythology ] ], and apparently, the menstrual cycles of the female of the human species. < eod > < sod > the moon is in [ [ synchronous rotation ] ] with earth, always showing the same face, with its [ [ near side of the moon | near side ] ] marked by dark volcanic [ [ lunar mare | maria ] ] that fill the spaces between the bright ancient crustal highlands and the prominent [ [ impact crater ] ] s. it is the second - brightest regularly visible [ [ celestial object ] ] in earth's sky after the [ [ sun ] ], as measured by [ [ illuminance ] ] on earth's surface. its surface is actually dark, although compared to the night sky it appears very bright, with a [ [ reflectance ] ] just slightly higher than that of worn [ [ asphalt concrete | asphalt ] ]. its prominence in the sky and its regular cycle of [ [ lunar phases | phases ] ] have made the moon an important [ [ culture | cultural ] ] influence since [ [ ancient history | ancient ] ] times on [ [ moon # name and etymology | language ] ], [ [ lunar calendar | calendar ] ] s, [ [ the moon in fiction | art ] ], [ [ lunar deity | mythology ] ], and apparently, the menstrual cycles of the female of the human species. < eod >"]
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<sod>Some time after the death of the [[Muawiyah I]], Husayn went to Kufa by the invitation of the people of Kufa for him to claim the leadership of the Muslim community. Zaynab accompanied him, as did most of his household. By the time Husayn arrived, the people of Kufa had changed their minds and martyred Husayn and his companions at the [[Battle of Karbala]].<eod>
<sod>Some time after the death of the [[Muawiyah I]], Husayn went to Kufa by the invitation of the people of Kufa for him to claim the leadership of the Muslim community. Zaynab accompanied him, as did most of his household. By the time Husayn's army arrived, the people of Kufa had changed their minds and defeated Husayn's army at the [[Battle of Karbala]].<eod>
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["< sod >'''mukul singh sinha'''( 1951 and – 2014 ) was a physicist and a lawyer in [ [ gujarat high court ] ] at [ [ ahmedabad ] ], both india. together he was an active trade union leader and a prominent human rights activist. he was the co - founder and president member of [ [ jan sangharsh manch ] ], an independent civil moral rights organization to address issues of laboureres and workers. < eod > < sod >'''mukul sinha'''( 1951 – 2014 ) was a physicist and a lawyer practicing in [ [ gujarat high court ] ] at [ [ ahmedabad ] ], india. he was an active trade union leader and a prominent human rights activist. he was the co - founder and president of [ [ jan sangharsh manch ] ], an independent civil rights organization to address issues of laboureres and workers as well as a vocal critic of [ [ narendra modi ] ]. < ref > { { cite news | url = http : / / www. theweek. co. uk / recent world - news / best 58040 / indian - election - narendra - modi - course - victory | title = india election : what kind of pm will narendra modi be? 16 may | election date = 16 may 2016 | work = [ [ the week ] ] | accessdate = 20 october 2016 } } < / ref > < eod >"]
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