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1. 病例：回顾性分析2015年1月至2020年1月我院确诊的142例获得性PRCA患者。纳入标准：①符合原发获得性PRCA诊断标准；②18岁以上；③HGB<100 g/L；④接受免疫抑制剂治疗≥6个月且随访≥1年，疗效可评价；⑤签署知情同意书。排除标准：①治疗前C反应蛋白>20 mg/L或合并感染、肾功能异常、中重度系统性疾病；②接受过其他药物治疗，如糖皮质激素或其他免疫抑制剂；③数据不完整或患者不同意提供临床数据。最终纳入接受CsA±rhEPO治疗的原发获得性PRCA患者59例，其中CsA+rhEPO治疗（CsA+rhEPO组）患者44例，基线情况匹配、仅接受CsA单药治疗（CsA单药组）患者15例。
As an example, suppose we have an AUC of 0.9 with many inactives yet only ten active compounds. First we transform the AUC with the logit equation:62\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$f = \log \left( {\frac{p}{1 - p}} \right) = \log \left( {\frac{0.9}{0.1}} \right) = 2.20$$\end{document}f=logp1-p=log0.90.1=2.20Equation 25c gives the standard error:63\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$SE_{AUC} \left( {0.9} \right) \approx \sqrt {\frac{{0.9^{2} \left( {1 - 0.9} \right)/\left( {1 + 0.9} \right)}}{{N_{active} }}} = 0.065$$\end{document}SEAUC0.9≈0.921-0.9/1+0.9Nactive=0.065If we were to build a confidence limit of two standard deviations we would obtain: [0.9 – 2 * 0.065, 0.9 + 2 * 0.065], i.e. [0.77,1.03]. Thus the upper limit would exceed one! So instead, we multiply the standard error by the formula in Eq. 59a, i.e.64\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$SE_{f} (2.20) = 0.065 * \frac{1}{{p\left( {1 - p} \right)}} = 0.065 * \frac{1}{{0.9\left( {1 - 0.9} \right)}} = 0.72$$\end{document}SEf(2.20)=0.065∗1p1-p=0.065∗10.91-0.9=0.72The limits, assuming a t-statistic of 2.0, are [2.20 – 2 * 0.72, 2.20 + 2 * 0.72], i.e. [0.76, 3.64]. Transforming these values back with Eq. 59b, we arrive at:65\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$AUC \in \left[ {\frac{1}{{1 + \exp \left( { - 0.76} \right)}},\frac{1}{{1 + \exp \left( { - 3.64} \right)}}} \right] = [0.68, 0.97]$$\end{document}AUC∈11+exp-0.76,11+exp-3.64=[0.68,0.97]We note that the lower limit of 0.68 is substantially lower than the untransformed limits of [0.77, 1.03], but conversely the upper limit of 0.97 is lower and now sensible. The actual width of the confidence interval is almost the same, i.e. 0.26 untransformed and 0.29 transformed; it has just swung from higher to lower. We see similar behavior in Fig. 8 for the distribution of Pearson’s r-value of 0.9, where the upper 95 % confidence bound is only half the width of the lower 95 % confidence bound.
In this context, reviews valuate non-invasive BCI based on EEG as a practicable, promising and the most widely used approach (98, 168). Also ALS-studies provide evidence for the principle feasibility of such systems for a relevant proportion of patients. Those BCI devices are based on shifting of particular brain responses measured as EEG-parameters: slow cortical potentials (169–171), sensimotor rhythms (SMR) (155, 172, 173) and the event related potential P3 (164, 173–181).
Chest pain caused by myocardial infarction (MI) is among the most common causes of patients visiting emergency departments (EDs). There has been a prediction of 80% increase in cases affected with problems related to coronary arteries in developing countries such as India, Latin America Region, Middle East, and African Sahara by 2020 (1, 2). Predicting the outcome of these patients can be helpful in more proper triage, giving information to their relatives, and more accurate care for the more severe cases. The final outcome of these patients depends on various factors such as age, size and place of the infarction, residual left ventricular function, presence of underlying illnesses, and delay in reperfusion of affected arteries (3-6).
The Enobio 32 EEG system (Neuroelectrics, Barcelona, Spain) was used to extract the signals from the brain. It is a wireless device with 32 electrodes based on the International 10-10 system (P7, P4, CZ, PZ, P3, P8, O1, O2, C2, F8, C4, F4, FP2, FZ, C3, F3, FP1, C1, F7, OZ, PO4, FC6, FC2, AF4, CP6, CP2, CP1, CP5, FC1, FC5, AF3, PO3) and with two reference electrodes (CMS and DRL). The reference electrodes were located on each subject's earlobe with the help of an earclip. Signals were acquired at a sampling frequency rate of 500 Hz. This system is shown in Figure 1.
The denaturation of human PrPSc was performed as described previously , with several modifications. Frozen aliquots of PrPSc were thawed, sonicated 3×5 s at 60% power with Sonicator 4000 (Qsonica, Newtown, CT), and the concentration was adjusted to constant ∼50 ng/ml of PrPSc. The 15 µl aliquots in 15 tubes were treated with increasing concentrations of 8 M GdnHCl containing 0.007% (v/v) Patent Blue V (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) in 0.25 M or 0.5 M increments. After 30 min incubation at room temperature, individual samples were rapidly diluted with Assay Buffer (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA) containing diminishing concentrations of 8 M GdnHCl, so that the final concentration in all samples was 0.411 M. Each individual aliquot was immediately loaded in triplicate to dry white Lumitrac 600, High Binding Plates (E&K Scientific, Santa Clara, CA), coated with mAb 8H4, and developed in accordance with CDI protocol using europium-labeled mAb 3F4 for detection , , , .
The APOBEC3B deletion association study was performed using genomic DNA samples from case-control groups collected at the Medical University of Gdansk (GDANSK group), at the International Hereditary Cancer Center in Szczecin (SZCZECIN group) and at Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Klinikos, Lithuania (VILNIUS group). All subjects from GDANSK, SZCZECIN, and VILNIUS provided informed written consent, and the study was approved by the appropriate local ethic committees. All subjects were Caucasians of European ancestry. Subjects from GDANSK and SZCZECIN were ethnically Poles. Subjects from VILNIUS were of mixed ethnicity, composed mostly of Lithuanians (~60%) but also Poles and Russians, with similar fractions of the ethnicities in case and control groups. In all groups, the control samples were derived from the same geographical region as the case samples.
Este trabalho é parte do projeto “As políticas públicas em situações de emergência: análise do surto de Zika vírus”, um produto da dissertação de mestrado de HJSM. Agradecemos à Secretaria de Saúde do estado do Espírito Santo pela solicitude em repassar os dados e às mulheres diretamente afetadas pelo surto.
900 fish were divided into 5 groups (180 fish per group with 3 tanks): (I) control group (PBS instead of vaccines); (II) inactivated vaccine L group (1×108 CFU/mL); (III) inactivated vaccine H group (1×109 CFU/mL); (IV) OmpA vaccine L group (0.5 μg/μL); and (V) OmpA vaccine H group (1.0 μg/μL). As shown in Table 1 , for the first immunization, the emulsions of mixed vaccines and adjuvant were intraperitoneally injected with 20 μL for each fish. Then, the booster immunization was conducted 2 weeks after the first vaccination, which was directly immunized with 20 μL PBS or vaccines without adjuvant.
Diese Studie ermittelte die subjektive Höranstrengung mit dem ACALES-Verfahren von 15 VSB-Trägern in einem aus acht Lautsprechern bestehenden Kreis im reflexionsarmen Raum, wovon 12 Datensätze gemäß den Fragestellungen auswertbar waren. Vier verschiedene akustische Szenarios wurden mit unterschiedlichen Störgeräuschen und mit dargebotenen Sätzen des Oldenburger Satztests als Zielsignal verwendet.
Our findings show that the incidence of serious adverse reactions to benzathine penicillin in pregnant women was very low: no severe or fatal cases were reported. In the general population, a study population with a much larger sample size, the risk of serious adverse reactions was also small, and the pooled risk of death due to penicillin treatment was virtually zero. We rated the quality of the evidence as very low, resulting in a classification of the final evidence as inconclusive. Studies that assessed benzathine penicillin effectiveness in pregnant women did not plan the sample size to measure adverse reactions, therefore the statistical power to detect low frequency adverse reactions was suboptimal . Further well-designed studies may change or confirm the findings .
2018年发表的前瞻性Ⅱ期临床研究Checkmate-159是最早开展的NSCLC新辅助免疫治疗研究。该研究入组21例初治的Ia期-Ⅲa期可切除NSCLC患者，术前接受2个周期纳武利尤单抗（3 mg/kg，2周1次）的新辅助免疫治疗方案，于第4周进行手术。20例患者达到了R0切除，MPR和pCR分别达45%和15%，远高于过去新辅助化疗方案的20%和4%。在随访过程中，该方案18个月无复发生存率达73%。该研究3级及以上TRAEs发生率为4.5%。按照RECIST进行评估后认为，该方案副作用小、患者耐受性好且不会延迟应用手术治疗的时间。该研究首次显示了新辅助免疫疗法的有效性和安全性。该项研究取得的MPR（45%）高于其他免疫单药新辅助治疗的结果，最大的缺陷是样本量较小，单臂实验无对照组等。
Sem dúvida, o Custodiol® tem seu papel em situações específicas, onde a utilização de dose única é tecnicamente importante como nos transplantes cardíacos, cirurgias pediátricas complexas e nas cirurgias minimamente invasivas, onde a infusão de doses repetidas de solução cardioplégica não é possível ou é tecnicamente mais difícil e sujeita a complicações.
Small megrim (smaller than MCRS of 20 cm) were rarely captured, even with the control trawl, but it was not possible to determine from our dataset whether small megrim escaped from the control trawl or whether they were not present in the environment. Only an absolute size selectivity experiment could address this issue. Our result showed a major reduction in marketable megrim of 20–30 cm long. Kopp et al. observed increased selectivity for sole (Solea solea) using a 100 mm T90 extension. Mean target catch weights of other flatfish, such as M. kitt were similar between the two trawls, which differs from the results of Bayse et al. , who used beam trawls and found that a T90 codend decreased selectivity for flatfish. Similarly, Lomeli et al. suggested that, compared to diamond mesh, T90 mesh decreased the 50% retention length for flatfish. Relative selectivity for monkfish and rays increased slightly, however, resulting in a significant decrease in unwanted catch weights for rays but not for monkfish. Our results rely on a large dataset collected during an entire year to assess impacts on the largest number of species possible. They highlight that the device should not be used during seasonal trips that target red mullet or cephalopods. Increasing size selectivity for red mullet in the Mediterranean Sea by using a smaller T90 mesh has been previously observed .
Aerial and side on view of the study cage with the location of echo sounders (yellow circles and cones show viewing area of echo sounders), pressure sensors (attached to the net and shown as blue bars) and video cameras (shown as circles or cones depending on viewing angle). Camera viewing angles are approximate. The camera with diagonal stripes is the feed camera, which was nearer the surface than the bottom mounted cameras.
Em seguida, calculamos o efeito de tratamento aditivo (ETA) como diferença de risco para TEs e CDEs, e os intervalos de confiança correspondentes. A estimativa de variância baseada na curva de influência foi usada para estimar os intervalos de confiança. A validação interna foi realizada no modelo superaprendizado como validação cruzada. A proporção eliminada foi calculada de acordo com a seguinte fórmula:16
En la figura 5 aparecen las curvas de densidad acumulada de Kernel, que indican el comportamiento para Sinaloa y Yucatán, estados de importancia en la región norte y sur, respectivamente. En ambos estados se aprecia una marcada diferencia en la estructura de edad de la población afectada respecto a la del país. En Sinaloa, la incidencia es mayor en las personas entre 31 y 60 años de edad, mientras que en Yucatán la incidencia se acentúa en la población menor de 28 años. Como estas diferencias en la estructura de edad exigen estimar indicadores para controlar el efecto de posibles sesgos asociados con las características demográficas locales, se estimaron las tasas de morbilidad por FVPM ajustadas por edad a nivel nacional y para los 10 estados con mayor concentración de casos del país. En México, estas tasas en hombres y mujeres fueron, respectivamente, 17 casos por 100 000 habitantes y 18 casos por 100 000. En los estados de Sinaloa, Baja California Sur, Sonora y Nayarit del norte del país las tasas fueron 110, 88, 64, 53 por 100 000 en los hombres y 117, 124, 82 y 56 por 100 000 en las mujeres, respectivamente, y en los cinco estados del sur con mayor morbilidad (Quintana Roo, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz y Yucatán), 68, 41, 51, 48 y 42 en los hombres y 67, 49, 45, 42 y 41 en las mujeres.
The findings of SRB assay revealed that the trend line of the % cell viability is decreasing at a steady rate in both tested cell lines when exposed to the tested formula indicating a dose-dependent cytotoxicity effect (Fig. 2). The discrepancies in the shapes of the curves imply different mechanisms of actions of DTX, TQ, and B-NE. When the tested formulas were applied to the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, the determined IC50 values were the least for both (DTX + TQ) B-NE and free DTX (P < 0.05) implying that they have the best inhibition effect (Table 2). In spite of the minimal cytotoxic effect of the single treatments, TQ and B-NE, on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, mixing one-half amounts of DTX and TQ in B-NE gave similar cytotoxic effect to the full amount of free DTX but with a different mechanism of action as presented in the shapes of the curves in Fig. 2(A,B). According to the calculated CI values displayed in Table 2, the drugs in (DTX + TQ) B-NE have synergistic and slight synergistic effects on the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. In contrast, combining DTX with TQ in distilled water resulted in antagonistic effects on both tested cell lines.Figure 2The dose–response curves of DTX, TQ, B-NE, DTX + TQ-free and the loaded (DTX + TQ) B-NE. (A) MCF-7 and (B) MDA-MB-231 cells were exposed to serial dilution of the tested drugs for 48 h. The cell viability was determined by the SRB assay. Data were represented as mean ± SD (n = 3).Table 2Summary of cytotoxic parameters of DTX, TQ, B-NE, and their combinations against breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, after 48 h treatment.TreatmentsIC50 (µM)MCF-7MDA-MB-231DTX1.94 ± 0.550.55 ± 0.22TQ24.0 ± 5.0****8.07 ± 2.50***B-NE16.0 ± 2.0***17.0 ± 4.00****DTX + TQ7.56 ± 1.00CI-value = 4.21Antagonism***1.08 ± 0.58CI-value = 2.09Antagonism(DTX + TQ) B-NE1.15 ± 0.097CI-value = 0.6Synergism0.47 ± 0.091CI-value = 0.9Slight synergism(IC50) values denote the half maximal inhibitory concentration. (CI) values indicate the combination index as antagonism (CI > 1.3), slight synergism (0.8–0.9) and synergism (CI < 0.8). The data were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). ***P < 0.001 in comparison to DTX (one-factor ANOVA).
Destaca-se a elevada utilização de medicamentos antimicrobianos, inclusive aminoglicosídeos, na enfermaria de ortopedia. Além disso, a otorrinolaringologia e a cirurgia de cabeça e pescoço tiveram elevada taxa de prescrição de muitas classes de antibióticos, como penicilina de amplo espectro, lincosamida e cefalosporina de primeira geração. Por fim, a clínica cirúrgica do décimo andar apresentou alto uso de cefalosporinas de terceira geração.
A prescrição de um fármaco diretamente ao paciente, a captação do voluntário para uma pesquisa clínica, a palestra em um congresso da especialidade, a participação em um comitê elaborador de uma diretriz clínica, a supervisão em uma visita clínica com residentes, a opinião para os colegas em um cafezinho. Todas essas situações se caracterizam como interação humana, maior ou menor assimetria de conhecimento e influência de múltiplos interesses, em que o eventual privilégio de um pode provocar prejuízo de algum outro.
Ethylene: K deprivation in roots induces ethylene production through the upregulation of genes implicated in ethylene biosynthesis and signaling . Under low K stress, PR growth is repressed in WT plants but not in etr1-1 and ein2-1 (Figure 4C and Table S2).
Bone mineral density, aBMD (g cm−2), was measured at baseline of the study at the total hip, femoral neck and lumbar spine (L1–L4) in 46 ueRA patients using the Hologic Discovery A (S/N 86491) device (Waltham, MA, USA). The coefficient of variation (CV) for these measurements were 0.8% (total hip), 1.3% (femoral neck) and 0.7% (spine).
We used the curated Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (kegg.jp) database to search for ADP1 homologs of type IV pilus proteins from Neisseria gonorrhoeae FA 1090, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, and Vibrio cholerae N16961 . We used the ComEC and ComEA sequences from N. gonorrhoeae and V. cholerae to identify ADP1 periplasmic or inner membrane DNA transport proteins. We used the P. aeruginosa twitching PilR, PilS, PilG, PilH, PilI, PilJ, and ChpA signal transduction proteins to find ADP1 homologs. We used an algorithm to predict operon composition in ADP1 (http://meta.microbesonline.org/operons/gnc62977.html; [52, 53]. We used Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes software for analysis of protein motifs and evolutionary history . Multiple alignments were performed using CLUSTAL-Ω . Proteins were analyzed using Pfam [55, 56] made available through KEGG. Pairwise alignments were performed using EMBOSS .
Figure 8 shows the changes in Tg and Td of N100-1 during in vitro enzymatic degradation. Both the Tg and Td decreased with increasing degradation time, and they were −21.2 and 234.0 °C after degradation for 20 weeks. This result indicated that the enzymatic degradation could destruct the structure and decrease the thermal stability of the cross-linked PTMC significantly.
La evidencia acumulada sobre la COVID-19 ha mostrado que uno de los principales factores de riesgo de letalidad de esta patología corresponde a la edad (1, 2). Como resultado, en la mayoría de los países de Europa occidental, únicamente el 5% de las personas fallecidas poseían edades inferiores a los 60 años (3). Sin embargo, en muchos países de América Latina como Brasil, Colombia o Costa Rica, la proporción de personas menores de 60 años que han muerto por causas relacionadas a la COVID-19 supera el 20% del total de las defunciones (4–6) cambiando la imagen de la letalidad del virus en las personas jóvenes y de mediana edad. Intuitivamente, se podría hacer la hipótesis que estas diferencias se deben a la pirámide de edades en cada país. En efecto, en América Latina y el Caribe, el 13% de la población tiene más de 60 años contra el 26% en Europa (7). Sin embargo, es posible que no sea la única explicación. Por ejemplo, en los Estados Unidos, la pirámide de edades es similar a la de Europa, pero el 21% de las personas fallecidas de COVID-19 tenían menos de 65 años, una cifra muy superior a la de Europa (3).
Time series of Mg, Sr and Ba concentrations from GC001 (a–c); δ18O from a speleothem collected at Whiterock Cave (4◦6′ N, 114◦53′ E), northern Borneo38 (d); dust concentrations from Dome C (75°06′ S, 123°21′ E), Antarctic41 (e), and temperature departure from the average of the past 1000 years Dome C, (75°06′ S, 123°21′ E), Antarctic42 (f). Pink shading indicates periods of intermediate Mg concentrations and dust flux (a,e); yellow shading highest Mg concentrations and dust flux (a,e) and blue shading (d) corresponding period of depleted δ18O indicating wetter conditions in Western Pacific. Vertical dashed blue lines constrain the period interpreted as a mega-drought(s).
A preliminary analysis of expected mass shifts of “Arg 6” and “Lys 8” clearly revealed the presence of unlabelled peptides. This was further confirmed by monitoring isotope incorporation into the proteome of the unmixed protein extracts Figure 3A). Incorporation efficiency was, on average, slightly over 50% after 21 cell duplications, and did not improve by an additional passage, suggesting that equilibrium was reached. We also performed cultures in media lacking Arg, Lys or both amino acids, and observed that the cells maintained high viability and the growth rates achieved in all media were comparable to those obtained when using medium containing both amino acids at 1.35 mM (Figure S2). However, there is a possibility that the culture medium contains undefined amino acid sources derived from plant or yeast hydrolysates, which are essential for cell growth and infection efficiency. In view of this, the primary heavy–to–light isotope ratios (R) were mathematically corrected with the measured ratios of incorporated label (Ri), adapting the method described in Liao et al. . With this procedure (outlined in Figure 3B), the distribution of the resulting set of corrected SILAC ratios (Rc) was centered around 1 when uninfected and infected cultures at LCD were compared (Figure 3C). Deviations of individual proteins are more likely to reflect biological variability than different turnover rates, given the high number of cell duplications. To take this into account, SILAC ratios were corrected in a protein–specific manner, covering between 68% and 75% of the proteins quantified in each of the 4 comparisons. The remaining proteins were excluded to preserve quantitative accuracy.
The students’ indicated that recorded lectures should not be longer than one hour, as it is easy to lose focus, and one must rewind the recordings. For live online lectures, two hours was deemed fine, and they were perceived as fun to watch. However, each session of the live online lectures should not be longer than 45 minutes.
Methane was perceived by the farmers interviewed as “an inevitable consequence of keeping ruminants” (interview 87, sheep breeder). From this perspective, as long as grass-eating, ruminating animals exist, then methane will continue to be produced. Measures to reduce methane were treated with caution with respect to the integrity of the animals as a whole, for example, “you can’t just take methane [and] isolate it” (interview 26, hill beef and sheep farmer). Methane was viewed as also associated with wild animals, such as deer, that would naturally inhabit the environment currently occupied by sheep and cattle. Methane was thus construed as an integral part of sheep and beef cattle and in this way, methane also becomes part of the natural environment.
Among the 25 patients for whom there was disagreement in grade group after biopsy reassessment, the indication for ePLND did not change for 21/123 (17%). Three patients (2%) for whom ePLND was initially not planned during the consultation at CHE eventually underwent ePLND at CWH after grade group upstaging. None of these men had lymph node invasion. For one patient downgraded from grade group 4 to grade group 1 after biopsy reassessment, the indication for ePLND no longer applied and grade group 1 was confirmed on final pathology (Table 5).Table 5Changes in indication for ePLNDTable 5PatientcT stageGG for initial Bx (CHE)N1P before Bx reassessment (%)ePLND planned on referralGG for reassessed Bx (CWH)N1P after Bx reassessment (%)ePLND performedGG on RPpN stage1cT2GG 4 (GS 3 + 5)5NoGG 523Yes5N02cT2GG 13NoGG 26Yes1N03cT2GG 13NoGG 25Yes2N04cT1cGG 411YesGG 11No1NxBx = biopsy; CHE = Catharina Hospital Eindhoven; CWH = Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital; ePLND = extended pelvic lymph node dissection; GG = Gleason grade group; GS = Gleason score; N1P = probability of N1 disease according to the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center nomogram; RP = radical prostatectomy.
West-Eberhard extended her original RGPH from being solely an explanation of the evolution of caste by suggesting that the changes in behavioural phenotype that typically occur as social insect workers mature may also have their antecedents in the reproductive ground plan of their nonsocial ancestors, i.e., between the reproductive and nonreproductive phases of a solitary female's adult life. This idea stems from the fact that in some social species, young nest-bound workers retain characteristics of solitary females in their reproductive phase: some ovary activation, aggressiveness towards intruders, and in-nest work, rather than foraging. Later in life, workers cease larval feeding and engage in foraging, retaining some features of the nonreproductive phase, such as inactive ovaries. This idea has found support in the honey bee, Apis mellifera, where workers perform nest-bound tasks early in life and start foraging when older [20–22]. Furthermore, young honey bee workers that are engaged in brood care have high levels of circulating vitellogenin and may have some thickening of their ovaries. Older individuals engaged in foraging have low vitellogenin titres, and their ovaries are completely regressed . We call this the modified RGPH (Table 1).
In the FIRST Project, four research groups have concentrated on exploring and evaluating novel superconductors, and contributed to the progress of the research of superconductivity through discovery of many novel superconductors and phenomena. We will review these results.
Similarity at the amino acid level was established during homolog clustering (see Materials and Methods). However, this does not guarantee a ‘high’ degree of nucleotide similarity between duplicates. We measured nucleotide similarity in the representatives P. falciparum and T. gondii. Only ∼15% of P. falciparum and ∼23% of T. gondii duplicate pairs are strongly similar to each other (see Materials and Methods, data not shown) indicating that they are either rapidly diverging or older duplications. Degree of nucleotide similarity does not appear correlated with distribution in either species. A trend observed in both species is that duplicates with strong similarity, amino acid or nucleotide, tend to have fewer orthologs (data not shown). For less similar duplicates with orthologs there was often a clear division in the cluster, with each member of a duplicate pair more similar to orthologs within and between genera than their paralog, consistent with duplication and divergence prior to speciation. Taken together, this points towards the long-standing role of duplicates as a means of innovation in apicomplexans.
Al comparar la clasificación del IMC (puntaje Z) en el ingreso con la de la última evaluación en todos los participantes en el programa, se observó que la proporción de niños obesos con un IMC (puntaje Z) de más de 3 descendió de forma significativa del 33,4 al 14,6 % (x2, p=0,000), y se logró que el 25 % de la población descendiera al rango de sobrepeso en la última evaluación (figura 2).
Therefore, the model for the impact of rainfall on levels of FCM included two independent variables: rainfall for two months prior to the time of collection of the faecal pellets and rainfall for four months (3 to 6 months) prior to the time of collection. The variable of rainfall for months 3 to 6 prior to time of collection was included because it takes into account the decaying (but still extant) impact of rainfall during earlier months before the two-month period to the time of collection and its statistical significance (with the standardized coefficient being –0.25 and p = 0.012) identifies the long period over which the effect is evident (Table 3).
Some limitations should be taken into account when assessing the generalisability of this study. The sample is predominantly White British, almost 60% were educated to at least a post‐high school level (A levels in the UK education system) and data was generated from a single centre, although it is a major regional centre with a wide catchment area. Nevertheless, this study reports novel findings in a sample of well‐characterized adult patients with anaphylaxis which could assist in informing clinical and psychological support for allergy management. Patient education and training for allergen avoidance are needed to improve self‐management of anaphylaxis. In addition, help in recognizing when anaphylaxis is having an impact on mental well‐being, including anxiety and depression, is key to timely referral to psychological support. In particular, those with anaphylaxis to food or spontaneous anaphylaxis may benefit from support to help improve their QoL. Further multi‐centre studies with a demographically more diverse sample may help gain further insight into the impact of anaphylaxis on QoL and facilitate development of novel supportive interventions.
Se trata de una mujer de 24 años de edad, procedente del sur del departamento de Santander, remitida por un cuadro clínico de 10 días de evolución consistente en dolor abdominal intenso, emesis, hiporexia, estreñimiento, astenia y adinamia. Dos días antes de su ingreso, le habían practicado una laparotomía exploratoria en una institución de mediana complejidad debido a la agudización del dolor abdominal, durante la cual no se evidenciaron alteraciones en la cavidad abdominal.
These results suggest that interventions may have varied effectiveness between customers. Our study specifically focuses on individual differences in queue awareness and queue safety preferences, and shows their variation. What is unacceptable to one customer may be very comfortable for another. Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, some UK supermarkets opened exclusively for vulnerable groups, such as the elderly, at scheduled times during the week . Again, supermarkets could benefit from such restrictions. Future research could investigate the effectiveness of booking systems for shops and supermarkets for some opening hours. Customers with high queue awareness may be more motivated to attend these at these times if they are ensured that the number of other customers will be limited. Perhaps less intrusively, studies could also investigate how publicising customer numbers at different times of day affects customer numbers and awareness while queueing. This information would allow those more attentive to queueing and waiting conditions to plan their shopping for a time at which there may be less risk of transmission.
Como mostra a figura 1, a principal barreira organizacional citada foi a falta de planejamento e gestão, mencionada por sete (36,8%) gestores, como exemplificam as transcrições a seguir: A questão realmente de organização e planejamento, né! As questões de território, atenção a áreas distantes, áreas rurais, áreas distantes da unidade de saúde. Assim, poucos podem participar dessas ações né! (S6)O número de atividades de programas que são colocados nas equipes acaba dificultando para os profissionais realizarem um planejamento, identificar o problema e atuar em cima do problema identificado. (S8)
Zweifellos hatte die COVID-19-Pandemie einen ungünstigen Einfluss auf die psychische Gesundheit [17–19], während Therapien durch Kontaktbeschränkungen erschwert waren. Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der Pandemie (Ausgangsbeschränkungen, Quarantäne, Kontaktverfolgung) führten zu zahlreichen Einschränkungen in der individuellen Selbstbestimmung, zum Schutz von Leben unter dem Vorzeichen der Solidarität, zur Sicherung der Freiheit ohne Gefährdung der Gemeinschaft durch den Einzelnen [20, 21]. Krisenbedingt wurde das Online-Setting zur neuen Normalität. Die bisherige Studienlage zur Güte der therapeutischen Beziehung unter diesen Bedingungen zeigte, dass die Arbeitsallianz im Videotelefonie-Setting dem Face-to-face-Setting unterlegen war . Longitudinale Studien versprechen allerdings einen besseren Einblick in die Folgen der Pandemie und Folgen von Veränderungen des therapeutischen Settings als die bislang überwiegend durchgeführten Querschnittstudien, welche sich vor allem auf Selbstberichte (von betroffenen PatientInnen/TherapeutInnen) beschränken. Eine notwendige Adaptation therapeutischer Techniken und gleichzeitig das Vermeiden von Grenzverletzungen im Online-Setting können eine Herausforderung darstellen . Lockdowns waren in Selbstberichten mit höherer Aggressionsbereitschaft, Ärger und Feindseligkeit in der Bevölkerung assoziiert, welche sich physisch und verbal äußerten . Diese Entwicklung passt zur „Frustration-Aggression“-Hypothese von Berkowitz : Wird die Erreichung eines gewünschten Zieles (Autonomie, Selbst-Effektivität, Beziehung/Bindung etc.) vereitelt, ist dies ausreichend für das Entstehen negativer Affektivität, welche dann eine Aggressionsneigung bedingt [24, 26]. Selbstberichtete Aggressivität muss sich nicht in entsprechendem Verhalten äußern, allerdings war während der Lockdowns auch Gewalt [27–30] dokumentiert worden. Die Empfehlung an TherapeutInnen, PatientInnen hinsichtlich Zeichen erhöhter Aggressivität zu evaluieren, gilt besonders während Lockdowns .
根据V-IHC试剂盒说明书，ALK阳性肿瘤细胞的特点是任何百分比的肿瘤细胞的胞浆内有很强的颗粒状染色。FISH法参照原位杂交试剂盒说明书，ALK重排的肿瘤细胞特征是橘红色和绿色信号互相分离，间距至少超过2个信号直径。无ALK重排的肿瘤细胞特征是橘红色和绿色信号重合为黄色或者相互粘合。FISH阳性结果的判定标准是计数50个肿瘤细胞，如果至少有25个（50%）的细胞存在信号分离，直接判定为阳性。如果信号分离的细胞仅为10%-50%，则需要重复计数50个肿瘤细胞，累加100个细胞中至少15个细胞存在信号分离（≥15%），则为ALK阳性。
Die erwarteten Konsequenzen einer Erkrankung oder subjektiv erwartete Impfnebenwirkungen bestimmen die Impfbereitschaft.Die Häufigkeit ernsthafter Nebenwirkungen von Impfungen wird erheblich überschätzt.Die Risikokommunikation zur COVID‑19-Impfung (Impfstoff gegen das Coronavirus) sollte sich am Wissen der Zielgruppen orientieren.Erfahrungen mit Impfungen gegen andere Viren fördern die Bereitschaft zur COVID‑19-Impfung.Fehlendes Vertrauen in Impfungen ist insbesondere bei Personen, die i. Allg. alternative Behandlungsverfahren bevorzugen, anzutreffen.
PPN-эффекторы, способные связывать активные формы кислорода (АФК), которые образуются в результате сверхчувствительной реакции. Эффективные способы борьбы с патогенами, выработанные растениями в ходе эволюции, включают распознавание специфических молекулярных паттернов (pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMP), индукцию системного защитного ответа и локально – программируемой клеточной смерти в месте инвазии. В случае личинок нематод зона мертвых клеток блокирует поступление питательных веществ и останавливает жизненный цикл. Известно, что АФК являются одним из ключевых медиаторов в регуляторных контурах, контролирующих этот вид иммунного ответа (effector-triggered immunity, ETI). Показано, что один из PPN-эффекторов яванской галловой нематоды Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) взаимодействует с каталитической субъединицей тиоредоксинредуктазы и связывает АФК, что блокирует передачу сигнала и ингибирует развитие иммунного ответа (Lin et al., 2016). Другую клеточную систему используют для этой же цели личинки свекловичной цистообразующей нематоды Heterodera schachtii: эффектор Hs10A06 связывается со спермидинсинтазой, что увеличивает синтез спермидина, также связывающего АФК (Hewezi et al., 2015).
Properly conducted, the RCT is generally considered to be the gold standard for assessing the comparative clinical efficacy and effectiveness of healthcare interventions, as well as providing a key source of data for estimating cost-effectiveness . These trials are routinely used to evaluate a wide range of treatments and have been successfully used in a variety of health and social care settings. Central to the design of a RCT is an a-priori sample size calculation, which ensures the study has a high probability of achieving its pre-specified objectives.
As a contribution to clinical practice, this integrative review grouped and synthesized knowledge on instruments for the care of pressure injuries in pediatrics and hebiatrics with the purpose of making evidence-based practice of health professionals feasible in the care of children and adolescents.
During the RECIPAL study, each month during pregnancy, EDTA preserved capillary blood samples were collected to detect malaria parasites using microscopy. At the same occasions, 50µL of whole blood was blotted on filter paper to make dried blood spot, which were dried, preserved at −20 °C and used for DNA extraction. The different types and volumes of blood that were used for microscopy, qPCR, RDTs and HRP2 level determination are presented in Additional file 1.
Медиана уровня фосфора сыворотки составила 1,08 [ 1,0; 1,26] ммоль/л. Доля пациентов в целевом диапазоне, согласно Национальным рекомендациям (0,87–1,49 ммоль/л), составила 79,7%, ниже целевого уровня — 9,7%, выше — 10,6%. При этом в подгруппе пациентов, срок наблюдения которых после проведенной АТП не превышал 12 мес, доля пациентов с гипофосфатемией была существенно выше по сравнению с пациентами, которым АТП была выполнена за год и ранее до скрининга: 30,3% (10/33) пациентов против 6,4% (13/203) пациентов соответственно (р=0,0002).
Large-scale cortical networks, comprising anatomically distinct regions and inter-regional pathways –, exhibit specific non-random connection patterns . The structural (i.e. topological) features of large-scale cortical networks are of special interest as they may be linked to aspects of brain function. Structural analyses have utilized a wide spectrum of graph theoretic measures , including clustering coefficients and the distributions of node degrees, path lengths and structural motifs. Brain networks have been found to exhibit high levels of clustering combined with short average path lengths, a pattern indicative of a small-world architecture –. It has further been argued that the structural characteristics of brain networks contribute to their functional organization by promoting functional segregation and integration , , high neural complexity , , the minimization of processing steps , efficient wiring and synchronizability .
Cortical neurons at 11 DIV were infected with AAV9 viral particles generated for expression of mitochondria-targeted GCAMP6f under a synapsin promoter (AAV9-syn-mtGCAMP6f), essentially as previously described . Ca2+ imaging was performed 72 h after infection in mKRB media at 37 °C (see above), on an inverted microscope (Zeiss Axiovert 100) with a × 40 oil objective in the 500–530 nm range (by using a band-pass filter, Chroma Technologies). Mitochondria-targeted GCAMP6f was sequentially excited at 475 nm (for 180 ms) and at 410 nm (for 300 ms). The emission light was filtered with a 505-nm DRLP filter (Chroma Technologies). Acquisitions were performed every 1 s. Images were background subtracted and analyzed with ImageJ, calculating the ratio (R, proportional to [Ca2+]) between the emissions collected after excitation at 475 nm and 410 nm, respectively.
Demyelination and gliosis in active white matter lesions: a: Activity at the edge of the lesion is associated with densely packed activated macrophages and microglia, expressing NADPH oxidase; profound activation of microglia is also seen in the peri-plaque white matter; the insert show the presence of luxol fast blue positive myelin degradation products within macrophages; b: In the peri-plaque white matter numerous microglia nodules are present, expressing NADPH oxidase; c: At the active lesion edge profound deposition of activated complement (C9neo antigen) is visible, which appears to dress degenerating myelin (insert); d, e: Staining for phosphorylated neurofilament shows reduction of axonal density within the lesion (e) in comparison to the peri-plaque white matter (d); axonal spheroids or end bulbs are mainly present at the lesion edge (e, insert); f: dystrophic axons at the lesion edge show accumulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) as a sign of disturbed axonal transport; g, h: Profound protoplasmic astrocytic gliosis is seen in sections stained for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); some of the astrocytes resemble the pathological changes of Creutzfeldt Peters cells (insert in h). i: Fibrillary astrocytic gliosis is seen in the demyelinated lesion center
1965年由Liebow和Hubbell提出PSH的概念前全球临床及病理医生均将其归类为"炎性假瘤"，因两者治疗手段相近，故并未受到重视。PSH的称谓系由该肿瘤镜下表现与皮肤的硬化性血管瘤(又称为组织细胞瘤或黄瘤)相似而得名，当时认为系血管来源的肿瘤，并得到一些学者的认可[4, 5]，与此同时也有学者认为PSH来源于未分化的肺泡上皮细胞。此后，在PSH的电镜检查中未发现血管内皮细胞所特有的WP(Weible-Palade)小体，相反发现了上皮细胞特有的桥粒及微绒毛结构，从而使上皮性来源理论占了上风。随着免疫组化的发展，在PSH中找到了更多具有上皮细胞特有的免疫组化标记物如EMA和TTF-1，进一步确立了PSH上皮来源理论。目前，多数学者认为PSH来源于肺上皮细胞[3, 8]。1999年WHO将其列为肺杂类少见良性肿瘤，但是鉴于PSH的称谓已经习惯，WHO分类系统仍选用了PSH的条目。当然，在PSH演变的过程中，有人还将其诊断为"错构瘤”等其他类型的肿瘤。
目前DC细胞联合其他过继免疫细胞协同抗肿瘤治疗也是肿瘤免疫治疗的一个发展方向。Zhong等进行的前瞻性临床试验，DC细胞/CIK细胞联合化疗用于NSCLC治疗，每30天接受两次以上免疫治疗组患者较每30天接受两次免疫治疗的患者，肿瘤进展时间（time-to-progression, TTP）延长（7.3个月vs 6.2个月，P=0.034）。该小组的另一个研究显示，相对于单纯化疗组，DC细胞/CIK细胞联合化疗组患者TTP延长（6.9个月vs 5.2个月，P=0.034），但OS无延长（P=0.18）。Li等研究发现Ⅰ期-Ⅲa期术后患者应用DC细胞/CIK细胞免疫治疗联合化疗组，相对于单纯化疗组，两年生存率提高（94.7%±3.6% vs 78.8%±7.0%, P < 0.05），但两年DFS无统计学差异。
The dried leaves and roots were ground by an electric grinder, digested with H2SO4-H2O2, and the K content was determined by flame photometer. The contents of phosphorus, calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were determined by ICP-OES (ICP 6500 dual OES spectrometer, United States) after digestion with nitric acid–perchloric acid. The contents of N was determined by Kjeldahl apparatus (JK9870).
Ist die Durchführung eines cMRTs nicht zeitnah (bis spätestens 60 min) nach Klinikeintritt möglich, soll eine cCT inklusive cCT-Angiographie durchgeführt werden, die dann im Verlauf (empfohlen innerhalb 24–48 h) um eine dedizierte MRT-Diagnostik ergänzt wird. Eine cCT wird zudem prioritär beim bewusstseinsgestörten Kind zum raschen Ausschluss einer intrakraniellen Blutung, Raumforderung oder Liquorzirkulationsstörung eingesetzt.
Moreover, fatty liver disease is now the leading cause of abnormal liver biochemistry tests in the primary care setting worldwide . The clinic-pathological spectrum of fatty liver disease ranges from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, which may progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) . The prevalence of fatty liver-related cirrhosis has markedly increased in recent years as the underlying liver disease among patients undergoing transplants for HCC in the United States . Welzel et al. further demonstrated that diabetes and/or obesity had the largest population-attributable fractions of HCC, with a value of 36.6% . This rate is significantly higher than that of viral hepatitis, suggesting a dominant role of fatty liver and metabolic disorders for hepatic carcinogenesis.
In Figure 12 the various methods are then finally compared to each other, but as stated below, the performance metric presented there left me confused, just when I thought I knew what is going on. Importantly, the traces presented there don't seem all that different to each other. So then, what is the main new contribution of this paper?
Além do papel utilitário da punição de criminosos para a redução do crime, deve-se considerar também sua função psicológica, essencial para o ser humano. O desejo de punição dos criminosos é fruto da emoção da vingança, que é necessária à cooperação entre indivíduos na sociedade. Na realidade, essa emoção é necessária à própria evolução da cooperação5 e, por isso, é chave para a coesão social e o processo civilizatório4. A retaliação e a vingança são partes constitutivas de nossa psicologia humana, tanto que “o nosso desejo por justiça fundamentalmente implica um desejo por vingança”14. Em outras palavras, a base moral da justiça moderna é o desejo de que o agressor sofra pelo que fez tanto quanto a vítima sofreu, de forma que ele e a vítima fiquem quites14. Esse sentimento evoluiu biologicamente, pois teve a função de inibir a trapaça, o roubo, a agressão e o assassinato, isto é, a vingança é uma adaptação evolutiva que deu origem à justiça moderna. “Vingança não é doença alguma: ela é necessária para a cooperação, evitando que o ‘cara legal’ seja explorado”5. A vingança é, assim, uma das principais emoções morais, que são adaptações para a cooperação15.
With the rapid rising of deep learning research over the past years (Lecun et al., 2015), neural networks have recently become one of the key models in computational biology, prominent in fields such as medical diagnosis, medical genomics, regulatory genomics, and cellular imaging; to name but a few (Angermueller et al., 2016; Leung et al., 2016; Min et al., 2016; Jones et al., 2017; Eraslan et al., 2019). Within these domains, artificial neural networks have been shown to encompass great potential in learning complex relationships from high-throughput omics data such as genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and alike (Grapov and Fahrmann, 2018; Zhang et al., 2019). Lately, classification problems, one of the most popular domains in deep learning (Lecun et al., 2015), gained focus in medical analysis by studies where molecular data have been suggested for classification of biological or medical traits (Chen et al., 2014; Dwivedi, 2018; Kong and Yu, 2018). In this study we methodologically explore the use of neural networks for classifying biological traits based on gene expression levels, and strive for the identification of trait-specific genes that are important for successful classification. For this purpose, we utilize a dataset of expression levels of immunological genes measured in healthy individuals in response to extracellular stimulations (Lee et al., 2014). We test three biological traits: the gender and the ethnicity of the individual from whom the immune cells were derived, along with the extracellular stimulation following which the expression levels were measured. Formally, each biological trait corresponds to a multiclass classification problem according to the number of distinct classes related to this trait (for example, the four classes within the ethnicity trait are “African-American,” “Caucasian,” “East-Asian,” and “Multi-racial”).
La différence entre le statut vaccinal des malades et des contacts n'était pas significative. A priori, les enfants vaccinés au VPO/VPI ne devraient pas attraper la poliomyélite due au virus d'origine vaccinale (type 2) ou sauvage. Cet échec vaccinal pourrait être expliqué de plusieurs manières. La plupart des enfants vaccinés n'avaient pas terminé leurs doses de VPO. Nos résultats corroborent ceux de Sylla et collaborateurs dont 75% des malades avaient un statut vaccinal incomplet . Dans ces conditions, la protection est faible. Pour être totalement efficace, le VPO doit être administré plusieurs fois . Il est conçu pour être administré à multiples doses en vue de conférer une protection complète. Dans les régions tropicales, plusieurs doses (parfois plus de dix) sont nécessaires pour protéger totalement un enfant .
La pandemia de Covid-19 causada por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 sigue su curso y se ha extendido a más de 200 países. Hasta el 21 de junio de 2021 -fecha en la que se terminó de escribir este editorial- se registraban más de 180 millones de casos confirmados y cerca de 4 millones de muertes en todo el mundo, en tanto que, en Colombia, eran cerca de 4 millones los casos confirmados y más de 100.000 las muertes, lo que subraya la gravedad de la enfermedad (1,2).
The worst binders according to the docking predictions are KUD1008, KUD1130, KUD529 (5R), KUD224 (both enantiomers), KUD225 (both enantiomers), KUD530 (5R), KUD138 (both enantiomers), KUD165 (both enantiomers) and KUD990. Most of these molecules are just small and have good specific activity, as judged by the LE values (below). KUD1008 is consistently predicted as not active by all the methods in the study. Evidently, it is too large for the activated form of the binding site of SrtA. The same is applicable to KUD990. Both KUD529 and KUD530, which are also larger on average than the other molecules in this group, were predicted to be active by the classification models (with almost the largest rank possible for being classified as still active) and intermediately active by the regression models.
In another case due to unusual adhesion between fundus and traumatized liver, permanent vomiting and discomfort was seen. Actually in this case laparoscopic reoperation 8 months later resolved the problem. In this surgery the adhesion was released and plication was undone.
Estudos evidenciam melhora na função manual e na organização cortical em crianças com PC decorrentes de terapias baseadas na RV.17 - 18 Entretanto, embora existam estudos utilizando a terapia baseada na RV para crianças com PC, a maioria utiliza interfaces com o ambiente virtual na por meio de luvas17 ou controles com acelerômetros.18 - 20 Poucos estudos utilizaram a RV na reabilitação de crianças com PC por meio do uso de equipamentos comerciais de rastreamento da movimentação corporal.21 - 23
Due to knowledge advancements in molecular biology, pathophysiology, and neuropathology, precision medicine could be applied in FTD treatment by targeting the underlying pathogenesis (85). Based on the knowledge of the pathological tau protein spreading through prion-like propagation, the prevention of transneuronal spreading of pathological abnormalities is potentially an effective therapeutic strategy (94, 95). Administering tau aggregation inhibitors (i.e., methylthioninium chloride), microtubule-stabilizing drugs, tau-targeted immunotherapy, and tau vaccines may be useful therapeutic approaches in patients with tau pathology (96, 97).
La tuberculose demeure une maladie d´actualité et un problème majeur de santé publique dans les pays en voie de développement. Elle peut siéger au niveau de n'importe quel organe, intéresser des localisations inhabituelles et revêtir des formes cliniques trompeuses. La localisation à la paroi thoracique est exceptionnelle et inhabituelle [1, 2]. La stratégie diagnostique et thérapeutique appropriée reste controversée vu le nombre réduits de patients rapporté dans la littérature [1–4]. L'objectif de cet article est de décrire les particularités diagnostiques, thérapeutiques et évolutives de cette entité.
The correlation between immune subtypes and clinicopathological characteristics was evaluated by the Chi-square test. The prognostic value of the immune subtypes with OS as the endpoint was analyzed by the log-rank test and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model. The ANOVA algorithm was performed to assess the correlation between immune subtypes and different immune-related molecular and cellular characteristics. Finally, we employed the ssGSEA algorithm via R packages “GSVA” to comprehensively calculate the enrichment score of CRC samples on each immune-related term.
The primary outcome of the study was to compare the differences in self-rated health and health promotion lifestyle profile between senior and junior nursing students. As there was no previous study describing the correlations between self-rated health and health promotion lifestyle profile, and identify the predictors of self-rated health, the sample size calculation was based on a previous study on barriers hindering nursing students from adopting a health-promoting lifestyle . The difference in the overall score in health promoting lifestyle among the Year 1 and Year 4 nursing students was used to determine the effect size between them. The effect size was estimated based the difference between two independent means of t-test divided by Standard Deviation. With an effect size of 0.298, a significance level of 0.05, a power of 0.8, and allocation ratio N2/N1 of 1, the minimum sample required was 356 subjects, with 178 in each group. G*Power was used to calculate the size of the sample. The software was designed as a stand-alone analysis programme for a number of statistical tests and has been widely used in the social, behavioural, and biomedical sciences .
(A) Live and dead (treated with sodium azide) mature eggs, and eggshells only were incubated with VEC monolayers for 24 h. Apical bright field images were taken. VE-Cadherin (red) and DAPI (blue) were immunostained in the VECs present on the eggshell surface and show how the cells can encapsulate the three egg preparations after 24 h. Scale bar, 50 μm. (B) Permeability response of VEC junctions after interaction with live or dead eggs, or eggshells for 4 h. The control condition is VECs monolayers without eggs. Data represent the mean ± s.e.m. **P<0.01, # P<0.05 and ## P<0.01 using the one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Three independent experiments were performed.
Rezultate. Evoluția a fost favorabilă din punct de vedere funcțional rezultând îmbunatățirea transferurilor în pat, îmbunătățirea schemei de mers și a tulburărilor de echilibru. La nivelul membrului superior evoluția a fost lent favorabilă cu îmbunătățirea ușoară a abilităților.
Blood samples were collected (jugular vein) at day 7 and 14 postpartum and centrifuged (at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes) for serum collection and analysis of BHB and glucose levels, respectively. BHB concentrations in serum were analyzed using the Randox D-3 Hydroxybutyrate (Ranbut) assay and RX monza analyzer for quantitative in vitro determination of D-3-hydroxy butyrate (Ranbut; Randox Laboratories, Antrion, United Kingdom) . An elevation of BHB concentration above 1.2 mmol/L (12.49 mg/dL) indicates subclinical ketosis in dairy cows . Glucose was assayed by colorimetric method using a commercial Kit from Biodiagnostic Company (Dokki, Giza, Egypt) and UV-2100 UV/VIS Spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) . Blood samples were classified according to its glucose level as hypo- (<40 mg/dL), normo- (40–60 mg/dL) or hyperglycemic (>60 mg/dL) .
肺癌作为发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤，是引起全世界癌症相关死亡的主要原因。非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）约占所有肺癌病例的85%，且预后情况不佳。约60%的NSCLC患者因诊断时病情已处于晚期或伴有转移无法进行手术，只能通过小活检组织或细胞学标本进行诊断。携带不同表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR）酪氨酸激酶结构域的一些特异性体细胞突变能预测NSCLC患者对各种酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（tyrosine kinase inhibitors, TKIs）的反应，选择TKI药物治疗前需要检测EGFR基因突变状态。因此，现在肺癌的病理评估既需要通过组织形态学和免疫组化对肿瘤进行准确的分型，也需要通过肿瘤的分子分析确定EGFR基因突变状态以选择接受合适的TKIs治疗[7, 8]。小活检标本肿瘤细胞数量及比例均可能对检测结果产生影响，假阴性结果主要因为活检样本中肿瘤细胞的数量或比例不足。为了得出准确的检测结果，在检测前对标本的质量进行评估是非常有必要的。本研究拟分析小活检标本中肿瘤细胞比例、肿瘤细胞数量以及DNA浓度3个标本质量指标对EGFR基因突变检出率的影响，同时探讨患者性别、年龄等临床特征与EGFR基因突变检出率的关系，旨在优化临床检测方案，进一步提高EGFR基因突变检出率，延长患者的长期生存率。
From the results of the phantom study, in the final images made with the SOE algorithm after running a sufficient number of sweeps, the spatial distribution of the dual-photon emitters could be successfully reconstructed. Consequently, the SOE algorithm appears to be practical and reliable for image reconstructions of the TOF-DuPECT system and can obtain good image quality. We also observed the effect of the CTR in the results of the phantom study. According to the reconstructed results of the Jaszczak-like phantom, a rod size of 19.1 mm can be clearly resolved and a rod size of 15.4 mm can be resolved with careful inspection when the timing resolution reaches 100 ps.
L´insuffisance capsulo-ligamentaire et musculaire antérieure empêche la tête humérale d´être stabilisée en regard de la glène; la tête humérale peut fuir vers l´avant dans la poche capsulaire antérieure. La subluxation de la tête humérale est d´autant plus facile que la partie antérieure de la glène est réduite en surface par un écoulement et surtout par une fracture.
A PPA apresenta etiologia multifatorial, podendo ser resultado de uma anomalia neuroanatómica, de um atraso na maturação do sistema nervoso central ou da exposição a fatores exógenos (ex: tabaco, álcool) durante períodos críticos do desenvolvimento cerebral(6,7).
Participants were asked to respond by pressing a button corresponding to the aurally presented word (in the case of the visual-only trials, participants were asked to respond to the written word). The words, “Red,” “Blue,” “Yellow,” and “Green” were displayed and printed in sentence case, 45-point Courier New font. Participants were instructed to respond via four adjacent keyboard buttons, each labelled to correspond to the four colors (blue, yellow, green, and red), using the four fingers of their right hand with one finger corresponding to one color’s button (see Fig 1). Prior to the start of the experiment, participants were given a brief practice session to become familiar with the response mappings in each modality individually, as well as an additional audiovisual block. In this practice session, participants were first given 12 audio-only and 12 visual-only trials during which the screen displayed a visual representation (i.e. color circles) of the button order on the keyboard to aid in response mapping. To confirm that participants correctly learned the colors associated with the keyboard buttons, 4 audio-only and 4 visual-only trials were given without the visual response aid. Participants repeated the previous 24 trials with the visual response aide and the eight confirmatory trials if needed to learn the button mapping. Next, participants practiced responding to only the auditory color stimulus in 12 congruent trials and 12 incongruent trials. Finally, participants practiced all trial types combined, with 12 incongruent trials of all AV color combinations, four congruent trials, four audio-only trials, and four visual-only trials. The practice data was not analyzed.
Some of the revised studies 1 , 18 - 19 suggest the usefulness of this parameter for an initial and a rapid screening, both at hospital and outpatient levels, of those patients at high risk of suffering from some severe metabolic change. This indicates the potential of this parameter as a sentinel sign, capable of detecting those patients at highest risk, in order to quickly submit them to the necessary supplementary screening tests and administer an initial treatment as early and specific as possible. Some authors have already defined capnography as the sixth vital sign, with potential to improve risk stratification in the emergency settings 19 .
A variety of 2D and 3D in vitro techniques have been employed to study cell migration, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. For example, transwell or Boyden chambers have been used to study migration/invasion , and while the coated membranes present some of the relevant biochemical cues, these 2D substrates are not faithful models of the native ECM as the nano/microtopography and biochemistry are important for cell adhesion, phenotype, and migration . Matrigel is often used as a biomimetic ECM substrate but the actual composition is not well known and not reproducible. There remains a need for better models of the basement membrane to study cancer cell migration dynamics.
Z uwagi na trudności w interpretacji wyników badań, a także istnienie różnych wariantów postępowania w odniesieniu do diagnostyki, leczenia i profilaktyki, wydaje się zasadnym, by dziećmi z zakażeniem wrodzonym, począwszy od okresu prenatalnego, zajmowali się specjaliści w ośrodkach referencyjnych, posiadający odpowiednie doświadczenie kliniczne i bazę diagnostyczno-leczniczą.
有报告指出，DLCO是间质病变以及药物诱导肺毒性反应的敏感指标，DLCO数值低提示预后较差。在接受布格替尼治疗后的8 d内，大部分患者经历了DLCO小幅度下降，其中30%（3/10）达到基于肺功能检测的EOPEs定义标准（根据该研究方案DLCO相对于基线值下降≥20%）。全部患者在继续用药和剂量增加的情况下，第15天DLCO改善。最重要的是，上述患者均未表现出与DLCO变化相一致的明显的肺部症状。仍需深入研究以明确DLCO下降对布格替尼治疗而言是否具有特异性，以及DLCO下降是否伴有相应的影像学改变。
Die Schließung der Kitas als Maßnahme zur Eindämmung des Corona-Virus im März 2020 stellte die Kitas sehr kurzfristig vor eine veränderte Situation, die die direkte Arbeit mit Kindern und Eltern unmöglich machte. Gleichzeitig bestand – wie auch für Schulen – weiterhin der Bildungsauftrag, wie er durch die Jugend- und Kultusministerkonferenz im Gemeinsamen Rahmen der Länder für die frühe Bildung festgelegt und in den Bildungs- und Orientierungsplänen der Länder präzisiert ist. Der Bildungsauftrag von Kitas umfasst dabei die ganzheitliche Stärkung frühkindlicher Kompetenzen und wird sowohl über die unmittelbare Arbeit am Kind als auch die Zusammenarbeit mit den Eltern im pädagogischen Alltag umgesetzt (Jugend- und Kultusministerkonferenz 2004).
Kortcyclische monitoring levert ongeveer vier keer per jaar een beperkte verzameling van geïnterpreteerde data op. De hoge frequentie van verschijnen draagt zorg voor inzicht in de actuele situatie. De data komen uit de NZR. Daarnaast worden zowel onder jeugd en jongvolwassenen samen (tot en met 25 jaar), als onder volwassenen door een extern onderzoeksbureau in opdracht van het netwerk metingen uitgezet in bestaande of nieuw op te richten representatieve panels.
Die Position des VEF für eine getrennte Infrastruktur wurzelte in einer damals jungen Entwicklung in Planungskreisen der USA. Dort ergaben erste Untersuchungen, dass das fehlende Sicherheitsgefühl beim Radfahren für viele ein großes Hindernis darstellt, das Fahrrad als Verkehrsmittel zu wählen (Dill und Gliebe 2008; Dill und McNiel 2012; Geller 2006). Angesichts dieser Entwicklungen war in einigen Planungskreisen außerhalb Deutschlands bereits der Ruf nach einer eigenen Infrastruktur für das Fahrrad laut geworden.
We also investigated the question: whether it is beneficial to train machine-learning SFs only on data specific to a particular target and then use it for screening rather than using a generic function trained on all targets. Put differently: do tailored functions perform significantly better than a generic function to justify the additional effort undertaken for training? To answer these questions, we trained a separate SF for each of the DUD-E targets and compared its performance with the generic SF (obtained with horizontal split sketched in Fig. 1). The results of these experiments are presented in Figs 2 and 3. On Fig. 3, we demonstrate pairwise comparison of per-target and horizontal SFs. Every point is a cross-validated predictions for single DUD-E protein.
Analysis of the identified taxa revealed a broad phylum-level diversity within both the WCL and STR samples, with 14 and 11 represented phyla, respectively (Figure 3). The dominant phyla in WCL are similar to that observed in other cave biomes (Figure 3), with dominance by the Proteobacteria (averaged across three samples; 31%), Firmicutes (14%), Chloroflexi (12%) and Actinobacteria (9%), along with significant contributions by members of the Plantomycetes (3.5%; Hershey and Barton, 2018). The WCL samples also contained a greater contribution by members of the Fusobacter (6%), Omnitrophica (7%), Nitrospirae (2%), and unclassified bacterial sequences (5%) compared to other cave samples (Figure 3). Sequencing demonstrated an average of 4% archaea within the WCL population, primarily consisting of the Thaumarchaeota, in support of the microscopic data (Table 2 and Figure 3).
Kommunikation ist definiert durch den Austausch und die Vernetzung zwischen Schule, Schulträger, Schulberatung und Land. Bei einem Kommunikationsprozess, der auf so vielen Ebenen abläuft, ist es zwingend notwendig, dass alle Beteiligten das gleiche Ziel verfolgen und gemeinsam an einer Lösung arbeiten. „Es geht hier um Vernetzung, es geht darum, dass die Schulen teilweise gar nicht wissen, wer ihr Schulträger ist und dass die Schulträger gar keine Ahnung haben, was in den Schulen passiert“ (I3). Diese Vernetzung soll nun innerhalb kurzer Zeit stattfinden, gestaltet sich aber vielerorts schwierig. „Dieser Ansatz ist ja, du nimmst alle Schulen, Schulträger, Stiftungen, Medienberatung, was auch immer, alle Stakeholder an einen Tisch und jetzt zeigt sich gerade, die saßen noch nie an einem Tisch“ (I3). Eine Möglichkeit, die Kommunikation zu verbessern, stellt eine begleitende Beratung dar, die beispielsweise von Landesmedienzentren, unabhängigen Schulberatungen oder Bildungsnetzwerken durchgeführt werden kann. Dies resultiert jedoch in zusätzlichen Kosten.
Habituellement, la paroi d´un kyste arachnoïdien épidural rachidien (KAER) est constituée d'un tissu conjonctif fibreux avec un alignement d´arachnoïde monocellulaire intérieur; cependant, cet alignement est parfois absent à l´examen histologique. Une classification des kystes arachnoïdiens en fonction de la localisation, du siège et de la compression nerveuse qu'ils entrainent a été proposée pour la première fois en 1988 par Nabors MW et al. . Cette classification distingue trois types de kystes arachnoïdiens; le type I: kyste arachnoïdien extradural sans compression nerveuse; Type II: Kyste arachnoïdien extradural avec compression nerveuse; Type III: Kyste arachnoïdien intradural. Dans quelques cas, le KAER peut avoir une extension intradurale [2, 3]. Dans presque tous les cas des kystes arachnoïdiens de Type I, une communication du LCS entre le kyste et l´espace arachnoïdien intrathécal par un défect dure-mérien a été rapportée [4–7]. Le cas d'un kyste arachnoïdien spinal extradural non communicant a été rapporté par LIU JK et al. en 2005. L´origine exacte et la pathogénie des kystes arachnoïdiens extraduraux rachidiens (KAED) restent inconnues. L'étiopathogénie des KAED reste hypothétique et plusieurs théories ont été présentées . Les KAED ont probablement une origine congénitale, et ils sont le résultat des diverticules congénitaux de la dure mère ou d'une hernie de l'arachnoïde à travers une aplasie congénitale de la dure mère . Le Fourreau dural de la racine nerveuse ou la jonction de la racine et fourreau dural sont les sites les plus communs de ces défects, bien que moins souvent la ligne médiane dorsale du sac dural est aussi impliquée [4, 10]. La théorie d´une origine congénitale est corroborée par les rapports d´un syndrome familial comprenant les kystes arachnoïdiens spinaux multiples, le lymphoedème des membres inférieurs (maladie de Milroy) et distichiasis (double rangée de cils) [10–13]. Le défect de la dure mère serait dû à une anomalie structurale, d'origine congénitale, conséquence d'une défaillance de l'étanchéité des fibres collagène. Cette défaillance conduit à un allongement et une ectasie de la dure-mère. Une composante génétique dans les origines des kystes arachnoïdiens épiduraux rachidiens est également suggérée par leur association dans divers cas avec le naevus pigmenté congénital, une diastématomyélie, la sclérose en plaque, le syndrome de Marfan, une dysraphie spinale et une syringomy élie [6, 14].
All CMR studies were analyzed off-line by the use of a dedicated workstation (Siemens Argus, Erlangen, Germany) by two experts (MF and IC) who had no knowledge of the patient identity. Conflicts in data interpretation were resolved by consensus. Left ventricular volumes, systolic function, and mass were calculated from the short-axis steady-state free precession cines. Infarcted myocardial mass and microvascular obstruction (MVO) were manually traced and calculated from the LGE short-axis images. As reported in Bondarenko et al. , myocardial regions was considered infarcted if the IS signal intensity was >5 standard deviations above the remote myocardium. The MVO was defined as a dark zone within the infarcted segments, usually located in the subendocardium. The mass of myocardial edema was traced and calculated from the T2w-STIR images by the use of a similar threshold-based approach (signal intensity >2 standard deviations of remote myocardium) . Salvaged myocardium was quantified as the difference between the area of increased T2w-STIR signal (area at risk) and the area of LGE (IS), and myocardial salvage index (MSI) was calculated by normalizing MS for AAR as previously described [16–22]. All measurements were normalized to left ventricular (LV) mass. Reproducibility of CMR data in our laboratory were previously described. [2, 14, 21, 23]
Amongst the control variables, the coefficients for both employment and joint decision making were significant at <5% level across all specifications. Disability and, likewise, no permanent accommodation, were associated with less positive financial behaviour. By contrast, culture (defined as English-speaking at home individuals) and age (defined as 55–65 = 0, and 65 and above = 1) did not have a significant effect on financial behaviour. The latter may be explained by the low frequency of non-English speaking individuals (5%) and limited age range (see Table 2). Finally, income had a positive and significant effect on financial behaviour across all specifications.
We next ask what limitations must be overcome to make alternative splicing analysis possible using scRNA-seq. We find that reducing the probability of dropouts improves our ability to accurately detect isoform number. Therefore, reducing the frequency of dropouts could be one method to improve the accuracy of splicing analyses in scRNA-seq. To some extent, this could be achieved by sequencing cells more deeply, although we note that at 4 million reads per cell we still substantially underestimate isoform number in the H1 hESCs. Unfortunately, extremely deeply sequenced datasets (e.g. >10 million reads per cell) are likely to suffer more with PCR artefacts and potentially a higher false positive rate of isoform detection [11, 25]. Fundamentally, the low capture efficiency of scRNA-seq is likely a consequence of a small amount of starting material. This can probably be rescued to some extent by more PCR cycles and sequencing at higher depths; however, we would not expect this to fully solve the problem.
It is possible to include self-written code in the LS-DYNA FE solver through so-called ‘User Subroutines’. These subroutines have to be written in FORTRAN and can, among other options, be used to define user materials . The muscle model described in "Muscle model" was implemented in LS-DYNA as a user material for truss elements to simulate the active contraction behaviour, as well as the passive spring and damping effects of human muscles. The FORTRAN code is available at https://zenodo.org/record/826209.
Si bien todavía hay margen para intensificar la acción a fin de cerrar la brecha entre los investigadores y los responsables de las políticas y las decisiones, los artículos de esta serie demuestran el valor y el impacto de la incorporación de la investigación para mejorar la ejecución programática. Este suplemento también pone de relieve los desafíos persistentes, como el trabajo con las comunidades y la necesidad de tener en cuenta la multisectorialidad a fin de avanzar en las metas en materia de salud. A fin de avanzar en este tipo de trabajo, se requieren nuevos enfoques para apoyar la investigación. Es necesario pasar de proyectos de investigación ad hoc a un mayor énfasis en la formación de alianzas más colaborativas y a más largo plazo para posibilitar la incorporación de la investigación. La Alianza para la Investigación en Políticas y Sistemas de Salud, el Programa Especial de Investigación y Capacitación en Enfermedades Tropicales de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud están comprometidos a avanzar en esta dirección.
La chirurgie était jusqu′à récemment le seul traitement curatif disponible des hémangiomes. La résection complète permet la guérison comme dans notre observation. Pour les petites tumeurs strictement confinées à la muqueuse, certains auteurs ont proposé la mucosectomie notamment dans les localisations colorectales et gastriques . En cas d′hémangiomes multiples la chirurgie à visée curative est impraticable mais l'EDB a bouleversé l′approche thérapeutique de ces lésions . Certains auteurs ont eu recours à l'usage de stéroïdes, à l′embolisation ou l'administration de l′alpha-interféron, mais les résultats de ces approches médicamenteuses sont très variables .
Host lipid rafts has been reported to be critically involved in apical targeting, assembly, and budding of IAV, however, their role still remains elusive in the case of IAV binding and entry via endocytosis. In this study, we report that the IAV selects host lipid rafts for polyvalent binding to achieve high avidity on the host cell surface. Additionally, we also identify and demonstrate host lipid raft induced endocytosis known as “raft-dependent endocytosis” as an alternative internalization route for IAV in addition to the previous reported routes for IAV entry.
Tc1-deleted mice show increased blood cells and enhanced hematopoietic activity. LSK cells are expanded in vivo and CFUs are increased in vitro, supporting the role of Tc1 as a novel hematopoietic regulator. CD150−CD48+ cells are increased in gated LSK cells, supporting that lineage-restricted hematopoietic progenitor cells are expanded preferentially. Tc1 is expressed in a small population of hematopoietic cells including HSCs and lineage-restricted progenitor cells in wild type C57BL/6 mice bone marrow. Our data together supported a role of TC1 in negative hematopoietic regulation.
W ostatnich latach coraz częściej podejmowany jest też temat chorób rzadkich lub ultrarzadkich w kontekście umieralności populacji w wieku rozwojowym, jak również w planowaniu kompleksowej opieki zdrowotnej i jej kosztów w odniesieniu do tej grupy pacjentów. Podnoszona jest również zasadność osobnej kodyfikacji tych chorób. Wiele chorób przewlekłych, w tym te rzadkie, zaczyna być bardziej eksponowana w statystykach stanu zdrowia starszych dzieci i młodzieży, z powodu ograniczenia śmiertelności w wieku niemowlęcym oraz wyeliminowania innych, dominujących wcześniej przyczyn. Zgodnie z definicją, choroby rzadkie to choroby zagrażające życiu lub powodujące przewlekłą niepełnosprawność, o maksymalnym regionalnym zasięgu od 1 na 10 000 do 1 na 1000 osób. W definicji Unii Europejskiej, zawartej w regulacji Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady Europy z dnia 16 grudnia 1999 roku podane jest kryterium częstości ich występowania nie większej niż 1 na 2000 osób. Natomiast choroby występujące z częstością 1 na 50 tysięcy lub mniejszą, to choroby ultrarzadkie. Aż 80 proc. chorób rzadkich i ultrarzadkich to choroby genetycznie uwarunkowane. Obecnie tylko niewielka liczba chorób rzadkich posiada międzynarodowe kody w systemach informacyjnych ochrony zdrowia, co uniemożliwia rutynowe analizy epidemiologiczne. Ich kody zostały dopasowane do dominującego obrazu klinicznego oraz zgodnie z bezpośrednią przyczyną zgonu. Etiologia ma zaś ciągle znaczenie wtórne, co powoduje że kody tych chorób są „rozsiane” w klasyfikacji ICD-10 w różnych grupach przyczyn lub wręcz nie ma odpowiednich rozpoznań w klasyfikacji.
Аналогичная картина по устойчивому устранению дефицита йода в питании наблюдается во многих странах, которые ввели массовую йодную профилактику йодированной солью, например, в Армении, где начиная с 1997 г. при технической поддержке Детского фонда ООН (ЮНИСЕФ) было возобновлено производство йодированной соли, а выпуск нейодированной соли для населения и пищевой промышленности был прекращен. В 2004 г. в Армении принято Постановление Правительства, согласно которому вся производимая в стране пищевая поваренная соль должна быть йодированной, а импорт нейодированной соли запрещен . Йодный дефицит в стране был ликвидирован, что подтверждается результатами национальных эпидемиологических исследований .
Our study draws data from one (of several) RM considered reference within the oil and gas industry: the SPE9 model (Killough, 1995; SPE9, 2018). The model consists of a 24×25×15 grid and we used a varying number of injector and producer wells as will be described later. One particular realization of the SPE9 RM is shown in Figure 1 illustrating the shape (and incline), grid structure and property (water pressure in this example) distribution within the RM.
En ce qui concerne les comorbidités liées au VIH, la fièvre au long cours et les infections pulmonaires à répétitions représentaient les évènements cliniques classant du stade III les plus fréquemment identifiés au cours du traitement des enfants en échec thérapeutique soit respectivement 41,2% et 41% (Figure 3). Près de 70% des enfants en échec présentaient des dermatoses au cours de leur traitement. Le prurigo était la dermatose le plus représenté (37%). Le traitement étaient administré par les mères chez 48,7% des enfants en échec thérapeutique (Figure 4). Parmi les mères, 25,6% étaient célibataires et 23,1% vivaient en couple. Les tuteurs et les pères célibataires représentaient 43,6%; les pères en couple et les grands-parents respectivement 5,1% et 2,6%. La durée du traitement ARV des enfants en échec thérapeutique variait de 12 à 100 mois, avec une moyenne de 51,5 mois (Tableau 3). Le délai moyen de survenue des échecs était de 26,8 mois. Parmi les patients en échec 56,4% (22/39) ont respecté leur rendez-vous aux consultations de routine pendant les 12 premiers mois de traitement et 53, 8% (21/39) pendant toute la durée de leur traitement. Sur 39 «caregivers» des enfants, 16 (41%) se sont présentés régulièrement à la pharmacie pour l'approvisionnement en ARV de leur enfant durant les 12 premiers mois, 7,7% (3/39) ont été retirés les ARV de leur enfant dans les délais pendant la durée entière du traitement. Parmi les enfants en échec thérapeutique, nous avons enregistré 2 perdus de vue (5,1%). Au cours du suivi, les périodes durant lesquelles les «caregivers» des enfants en échec ne sont pas venus chercher leur traitement ARV variaient de 0 à 41 mois (moyenne: 11,15 mois; écart-type: 9,42 mois). Chez 2 enfants en échec thérapeutique, les ARV ont été remplacés pour rupture de leur traitement ARV à la pharmacie.
An overview of all study parameters at the baseline after 2 weeks of treatment and after 6 months of treatment is given in Table 3 separately for the two treatment regimens. In contrast to the other study parameters, the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) could not be assessed separately per eye and treatment regimen. However, it shows a significant decrease of the general dry eye symptoms compared to the baseline after two weeks of treatment (−13.9 ± 11.8, P = 0.002) and a further decrease after 6 months of treatment (−27.8 ± 15.2, P < 0.001). As shown in Figure 1, the Visual Analogue Scale decreased significantly in both treatment groups compared to the baseline after 2 weeks (−12.6 ± 7.8, P < 0.001 vs. −11.3 ± 9.4, P = 0.002) and after 6 months (−19.9 ± 11.3, P < 0.001 vs. −15.0 ± 12.1, P = 0.001) of treatment, but with larger decreases in the CsA + Hc group compared to the CsA treatment group.
During the investigation of the effects of histone alone or in combination with PolyPs on fibrinogen clotting and lysis, we observed increased turbidity at the onset of clot formation (Fig 4A) and prolonged fibrin lysis time (Table 3, Fig 4D). Our results confirmed the earlier findings of histone-fibrinogen gelation: incubating fibrinogen with histone resulted in increasing histone-fibrinogen aggregation (Fig 5A), and fibrinogen became resistant to lysis by plasmin (Fig 5B) .