repo_id
stringclasses 208
values | file_path
stringlengths 31
190
| content
stringlengths 1
2.65M
| __index_level_0__
int64 0
0
|
|---|---|---|---|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/sqlalchemy
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/sqlalchemy/sql/sqltypes.py
|
# sql/sqltypes.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2020 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""SQL specific types.
"""
import codecs
import datetime as dt
import decimal
import json
from . import elements
from . import operators
from . import type_api
from .base import _bind_or_error
from .base import NO_ARG
from .base import SchemaEventTarget
from .elements import _defer_name
from .elements import _literal_as_binds
from .elements import quoted_name
from .elements import Slice
from .elements import TypeCoerce as type_coerce # noqa
from .type_api import Emulated
from .type_api import NativeForEmulated # noqa
from .type_api import to_instance
from .type_api import TypeDecorator
from .type_api import TypeEngine
from .type_api import Variant
from .. import event
from .. import exc
from .. import inspection
from .. import processors
from .. import util
from ..util import compat
from ..util import pickle
if util.jython:
import array
class _LookupExpressionAdapter(object):
"""Mixin expression adaptations based on lookup tables.
These rules are currently used by the numeric, integer and date types
which have detailed cross-expression coercion rules.
"""
@property
def _expression_adaptations(self):
raise NotImplementedError()
class Comparator(TypeEngine.Comparator):
_blank_dict = util.immutabledict()
def _adapt_expression(self, op, other_comparator):
othertype = other_comparator.type._type_affinity
lookup = self.type._expression_adaptations.get(
op, self._blank_dict
).get(othertype, self.type)
if lookup is othertype:
return (op, other_comparator.type)
elif lookup is self.type._type_affinity:
return (op, self.type)
else:
return (op, to_instance(lookup))
comparator_factory = Comparator
class Concatenable(object):
"""A mixin that marks a type as supporting 'concatenation',
typically strings."""
class Comparator(TypeEngine.Comparator):
def _adapt_expression(self, op, other_comparator):
if op is operators.add and isinstance(
other_comparator,
(Concatenable.Comparator, NullType.Comparator),
):
return operators.concat_op, self.expr.type
else:
return super(Concatenable.Comparator, self)._adapt_expression(
op, other_comparator
)
comparator_factory = Comparator
class Indexable(object):
"""A mixin that marks a type as supporting indexing operations,
such as array or JSON structures.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.0
"""
class Comparator(TypeEngine.Comparator):
def _setup_getitem(self, index):
raise NotImplementedError()
def __getitem__(self, index):
(
adjusted_op,
adjusted_right_expr,
result_type,
) = self._setup_getitem(index)
return self.operate(
adjusted_op, adjusted_right_expr, result_type=result_type
)
comparator_factory = Comparator
class String(Concatenable, TypeEngine):
"""The base for all string and character types.
In SQL, corresponds to VARCHAR. Can also take Python unicode objects
and encode to the database's encoding in bind params (and the reverse for
result sets.)
The `length` field is usually required when the `String` type is
used within a CREATE TABLE statement, as VARCHAR requires a length
on most databases.
"""
__visit_name__ = "string"
@util.deprecated_params(
convert_unicode=(
"1.3",
"The :paramref:`.String.convert_unicode` parameter is deprecated "
"and will be removed in a future release. All modern DBAPIs "
"now support Python Unicode directly and this parameter is "
"unnecessary.",
),
unicode_error=(
"1.3",
"The :paramref:`.String.unicode_errors` parameter is deprecated "
"and will be removed in a future release. This parameter is "
"unnecessary for modern Python DBAPIs and degrades performance "
"significantly.",
),
)
def __init__(
self,
length=None,
collation=None,
convert_unicode=False,
unicode_error=None,
_warn_on_bytestring=False,
_expect_unicode=False,
):
"""
Create a string-holding type.
:param length: optional, a length for the column for use in
DDL and CAST expressions. May be safely omitted if no ``CREATE
TABLE`` will be issued. Certain databases may require a
``length`` for use in DDL, and will raise an exception when
the ``CREATE TABLE`` DDL is issued if a ``VARCHAR``
with no length is included. Whether the value is
interpreted as bytes or characters is database specific.
:param collation: Optional, a column-level collation for
use in DDL and CAST expressions. Renders using the
COLLATE keyword supported by SQLite, MySQL, and PostgreSQL.
E.g.::
>>> from sqlalchemy import cast, select, String
>>> print(select([cast('some string', String(collation='utf8'))]))
SELECT CAST(:param_1 AS VARCHAR COLLATE utf8) AS anon_1
:param convert_unicode: When set to ``True``, the
:class:`.String` type will assume that
input is to be passed as Python Unicode objects under Python 2,
and results returned as Python Unicode objects.
In the rare circumstance that the DBAPI does not support
Python unicode under Python 2, SQLAlchemy will use its own
encoder/decoder functionality on strings, referring to the
value of the :paramref:`_sa.create_engine.encoding` parameter
parameter passed to :func:`_sa.create_engine` as the encoding.
For the extremely rare case that Python Unicode
is to be encoded/decoded by SQLAlchemy on a backend
that *does* natively support Python Unicode,
the string value ``"force"`` can be passed here which will
cause SQLAlchemy's encode/decode services to be
used unconditionally.
.. note::
SQLAlchemy's unicode-conversion flags and features only apply
to Python 2; in Python 3, all string objects are Unicode objects.
For this reason, as well as the fact that virtually all modern
DBAPIs now support Unicode natively even under Python 2,
the :paramref:`.String.convert_unicode` flag is inherently a
legacy feature.
.. note::
In the vast majority of cases, the :class:`.Unicode` or
:class:`.UnicodeText` datatypes should be used for a
:class:`_schema.Column` that expects to store non-ascii data.
These
datatypes will ensure that the correct types are used on the
database side as well as set up the correct Unicode behaviors
under Python 2.
.. seealso::
:paramref:`_sa.create_engine.convert_unicode` -
:class:`_engine.Engine`-wide parameter
:param unicode_error: Optional, a method to use to handle Unicode
conversion errors. Behaves like the ``errors`` keyword argument to
the standard library's ``string.decode()`` functions, requires
that :paramref:`.String.convert_unicode` is set to
``"force"``
"""
if unicode_error is not None and convert_unicode != "force":
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"convert_unicode must be 'force' " "when unicode_error is set."
)
self.length = length
self.collation = collation
self._expect_unicode = convert_unicode or _expect_unicode
self._expect_unicode_error = unicode_error
self._warn_on_bytestring = _warn_on_bytestring
def literal_processor(self, dialect):
def process(value):
value = value.replace("'", "''")
if dialect.identifier_preparer._double_percents:
value = value.replace("%", "%%")
return "'%s'" % value
return process
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
if self._expect_unicode or dialect.convert_unicode:
if (
dialect.supports_unicode_binds
and self._expect_unicode != "force"
):
if self._warn_on_bytestring:
def process(value):
if isinstance(value, util.binary_type):
util.warn_limited(
"Unicode type received non-unicode "
"bind param value %r.",
(util.ellipses_string(value),),
)
return value
return process
else:
return None
else:
encoder = codecs.getencoder(dialect.encoding)
warn_on_bytestring = self._warn_on_bytestring
def process(value):
if isinstance(value, util.text_type):
return encoder(value, self._expect_unicode_error)[0]
elif warn_on_bytestring and value is not None:
util.warn_limited(
"Unicode type received non-unicode bind "
"param value %r.",
(util.ellipses_string(value),),
)
return value
return process
else:
return None
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
wants_unicode = self._expect_unicode or dialect.convert_unicode
needs_convert = wants_unicode and (
dialect.returns_unicode_strings is not True
or self._expect_unicode in ("force", "force_nocheck")
)
needs_isinstance = (
needs_convert
and dialect.returns_unicode_strings
and self._expect_unicode != "force_nocheck"
)
if needs_convert:
if needs_isinstance:
return processors.to_conditional_unicode_processor_factory(
dialect.encoding, self._expect_unicode_error
)
else:
return processors.to_unicode_processor_factory(
dialect.encoding, self._expect_unicode_error
)
else:
return None
@property
def python_type(self):
if self._expect_unicode:
return util.text_type
else:
return str
def get_dbapi_type(self, dbapi):
return dbapi.STRING
@classmethod
def _warn_deprecated_unicode(cls):
util.warn_deprecated(
"The convert_unicode on Engine and String as well as the "
"unicode_error flag on String are deprecated. All modern "
"DBAPIs now support Python Unicode natively under Python 2, and "
"under Python 3 all strings are inherently Unicode. These flags "
"will be removed in a future release."
)
class Text(String):
"""A variably sized string type.
In SQL, usually corresponds to CLOB or TEXT. Can also take Python
unicode objects and encode to the database's encoding in bind
params (and the reverse for result sets.) In general, TEXT objects
do not have a length; while some databases will accept a length
argument here, it will be rejected by others.
"""
__visit_name__ = "text"
class Unicode(String):
"""A variable length Unicode string type.
The :class:`.Unicode` type is a :class:`.String` subclass
that assumes input and output as Python ``unicode`` data,
and in that regard is equivalent to the usage of the
``convert_unicode`` flag with the :class:`.String` type.
However, unlike plain :class:`.String`, it also implies an
underlying column type that is explicitly supporting of non-ASCII
data, such as ``NVARCHAR`` on Oracle and SQL Server.
This can impact the output of ``CREATE TABLE`` statements
and ``CAST`` functions at the dialect level, and can
also affect the handling of bound parameters in some
specific DBAPI scenarios.
The encoding used by the :class:`.Unicode` type is usually
determined by the DBAPI itself; most modern DBAPIs
feature support for Python ``unicode`` objects as bound
values and result set values, and the encoding should
be configured as detailed in the notes for the target
DBAPI in the :ref:`dialect_toplevel` section.
For those DBAPIs which do not support, or are not configured
to accommodate Python ``unicode`` objects
directly, SQLAlchemy does the encoding and decoding
outside of the DBAPI. The encoding in this scenario
is determined by the ``encoding`` flag passed to
:func:`_sa.create_engine`.
When using the :class:`.Unicode` type, it is only appropriate
to pass Python ``unicode`` objects, and not plain ``str``.
If a plain ``str`` is passed under Python 2, a warning
is emitted. If you notice your application emitting these warnings but
you're not sure of the source of them, the Python
``warnings`` filter, documented at
http://docs.python.org/library/warnings.html,
can be used to turn these warnings into exceptions
which will illustrate a stack trace::
import warnings
warnings.simplefilter('error')
For an application that wishes to pass plain bytestrings
and Python ``unicode`` objects to the ``Unicode`` type
equally, the bytestrings must first be decoded into
unicode. The recipe at :ref:`coerce_to_unicode` illustrates
how this is done.
.. seealso::
:class:`.UnicodeText` - unlengthed textual counterpart
to :class:`.Unicode`.
"""
__visit_name__ = "unicode"
def __init__(self, length=None, **kwargs):
"""
Create a :class:`.Unicode` object.
Parameters are the same as that of :class:`.String`,
with the exception that ``convert_unicode``
defaults to ``True``.
"""
kwargs.setdefault("_expect_unicode", True)
kwargs.setdefault("_warn_on_bytestring", True)
super(Unicode, self).__init__(length=length, **kwargs)
class UnicodeText(Text):
"""An unbounded-length Unicode string type.
See :class:`.Unicode` for details on the unicode
behavior of this object.
Like :class:`.Unicode`, usage the :class:`.UnicodeText` type implies a
unicode-capable type being used on the backend, such as
``NCLOB``, ``NTEXT``.
"""
__visit_name__ = "unicode_text"
def __init__(self, length=None, **kwargs):
"""
Create a Unicode-converting Text type.
Parameters are the same as that of :class:`_expression.TextClause`,
with the exception that ``convert_unicode``
defaults to ``True``.
"""
kwargs.setdefault("_expect_unicode", True)
kwargs.setdefault("_warn_on_bytestring", True)
super(UnicodeText, self).__init__(length=length, **kwargs)
def _warn_deprecated_unicode(self):
pass
class Integer(_LookupExpressionAdapter, TypeEngine):
"""A type for ``int`` integers."""
__visit_name__ = "integer"
def get_dbapi_type(self, dbapi):
return dbapi.NUMBER
@property
def python_type(self):
return int
def literal_processor(self, dialect):
def process(value):
return str(value)
return process
@util.memoized_property
def _expression_adaptations(self):
# TODO: need a dictionary object that will
# handle operators generically here, this is incomplete
return {
operators.add: {
Date: Date,
Integer: self.__class__,
Numeric: Numeric,
},
operators.mul: {
Interval: Interval,
Integer: self.__class__,
Numeric: Numeric,
},
operators.div: {Integer: self.__class__, Numeric: Numeric},
operators.truediv: {Integer: self.__class__, Numeric: Numeric},
operators.sub: {Integer: self.__class__, Numeric: Numeric},
}
class SmallInteger(Integer):
"""A type for smaller ``int`` integers.
Typically generates a ``SMALLINT`` in DDL, and otherwise acts like
a normal :class:`.Integer` on the Python side.
"""
__visit_name__ = "small_integer"
class BigInteger(Integer):
"""A type for bigger ``int`` integers.
Typically generates a ``BIGINT`` in DDL, and otherwise acts like
a normal :class:`.Integer` on the Python side.
"""
__visit_name__ = "big_integer"
class Numeric(_LookupExpressionAdapter, TypeEngine):
"""A type for fixed precision numbers, such as ``NUMERIC`` or ``DECIMAL``.
This type returns Python ``decimal.Decimal`` objects by default, unless
the :paramref:`.Numeric.asdecimal` flag is set to False, in which case
they are coerced to Python ``float`` objects.
.. note::
The :class:`.Numeric` type is designed to receive data from a database
type that is explicitly known to be a decimal type
(e.g. ``DECIMAL``, ``NUMERIC``, others) and not a floating point
type (e.g. ``FLOAT``, ``REAL``, others).
If the database column on the server is in fact a floating-point type
type, such as ``FLOAT`` or ``REAL``, use the :class:`.Float`
type or a subclass, otherwise numeric coercion between
``float``/``Decimal`` may or may not function as expected.
.. note::
The Python ``decimal.Decimal`` class is generally slow
performing; cPython 3.3 has now switched to use the `cdecimal
<http://pypi.python.org/pypi/cdecimal/>`_ library natively. For
older Python versions, the ``cdecimal`` library can be patched
into any application where it will replace the ``decimal``
library fully, however this needs to be applied globally and
before any other modules have been imported, as follows::
import sys
import cdecimal
sys.modules["decimal"] = cdecimal
Note that the ``cdecimal`` and ``decimal`` libraries are **not
compatible with each other**, so patching ``cdecimal`` at the
global level is the only way it can be used effectively with
various DBAPIs that hardcode to import the ``decimal`` library.
"""
__visit_name__ = "numeric"
_default_decimal_return_scale = 10
def __init__(
self,
precision=None,
scale=None,
decimal_return_scale=None,
asdecimal=True,
):
"""
Construct a Numeric.
:param precision: the numeric precision for use in DDL ``CREATE
TABLE``.
:param scale: the numeric scale for use in DDL ``CREATE TABLE``.
:param asdecimal: default True. Return whether or not
values should be sent as Python Decimal objects, or
as floats. Different DBAPIs send one or the other based on
datatypes - the Numeric type will ensure that return values
are one or the other across DBAPIs consistently.
:param decimal_return_scale: Default scale to use when converting
from floats to Python decimals. Floating point values will typically
be much longer due to decimal inaccuracy, and most floating point
database types don't have a notion of "scale", so by default the
float type looks for the first ten decimal places when converting.
Specifying this value will override that length. Types which
do include an explicit ".scale" value, such as the base
:class:`.Numeric` as well as the MySQL float types, will use the
value of ".scale" as the default for decimal_return_scale, if not
otherwise specified.
.. versionadded:: 0.9.0
When using the ``Numeric`` type, care should be taken to ensure
that the asdecimal setting is appropriate for the DBAPI in use -
when Numeric applies a conversion from Decimal->float or float->
Decimal, this conversion incurs an additional performance overhead
for all result columns received.
DBAPIs that return Decimal natively (e.g. psycopg2) will have
better accuracy and higher performance with a setting of ``True``,
as the native translation to Decimal reduces the amount of floating-
point issues at play, and the Numeric type itself doesn't need
to apply any further conversions. However, another DBAPI which
returns floats natively *will* incur an additional conversion
overhead, and is still subject to floating point data loss - in
which case ``asdecimal=False`` will at least remove the extra
conversion overhead.
"""
self.precision = precision
self.scale = scale
self.decimal_return_scale = decimal_return_scale
self.asdecimal = asdecimal
@property
def _effective_decimal_return_scale(self):
if self.decimal_return_scale is not None:
return self.decimal_return_scale
elif getattr(self, "scale", None) is not None:
return self.scale
else:
return self._default_decimal_return_scale
def get_dbapi_type(self, dbapi):
return dbapi.NUMBER
def literal_processor(self, dialect):
def process(value):
return str(value)
return process
@property
def python_type(self):
if self.asdecimal:
return decimal.Decimal
else:
return float
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
if dialect.supports_native_decimal:
return None
else:
return processors.to_float
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if self.asdecimal:
if dialect.supports_native_decimal:
# we're a "numeric", DBAPI will give us Decimal directly
return None
else:
util.warn(
"Dialect %s+%s does *not* support Decimal "
"objects natively, and SQLAlchemy must "
"convert from floating point - rounding "
"errors and other issues may occur. Please "
"consider storing Decimal numbers as strings "
"or integers on this platform for lossless "
"storage." % (dialect.name, dialect.driver)
)
# we're a "numeric", DBAPI returns floats, convert.
return processors.to_decimal_processor_factory(
decimal.Decimal,
self.scale
if self.scale is not None
else self._default_decimal_return_scale,
)
else:
if dialect.supports_native_decimal:
return processors.to_float
else:
return None
@util.memoized_property
def _expression_adaptations(self):
return {
operators.mul: {
Interval: Interval,
Numeric: self.__class__,
Integer: self.__class__,
},
operators.div: {Numeric: self.__class__, Integer: self.__class__},
operators.truediv: {
Numeric: self.__class__,
Integer: self.__class__,
},
operators.add: {Numeric: self.__class__, Integer: self.__class__},
operators.sub: {Numeric: self.__class__, Integer: self.__class__},
}
class Float(Numeric):
"""Type representing floating point types, such as ``FLOAT`` or ``REAL``.
This type returns Python ``float`` objects by default, unless the
:paramref:`.Float.asdecimal` flag is set to True, in which case they
are coerced to ``decimal.Decimal`` objects.
.. note::
The :class:`.Float` type is designed to receive data from a database
type that is explicitly known to be a floating point type
(e.g. ``FLOAT``, ``REAL``, others)
and not a decimal type (e.g. ``DECIMAL``, ``NUMERIC``, others).
If the database column on the server is in fact a Numeric
type, such as ``DECIMAL`` or ``NUMERIC``, use the :class:`.Numeric`
type or a subclass, otherwise numeric coercion between
``float``/``Decimal`` may or may not function as expected.
"""
__visit_name__ = "float"
scale = None
def __init__(
self, precision=None, asdecimal=False, decimal_return_scale=None
):
r"""
Construct a Float.
:param precision: the numeric precision for use in DDL ``CREATE
TABLE``.
:param asdecimal: the same flag as that of :class:`.Numeric`, but
defaults to ``False``. Note that setting this flag to ``True``
results in floating point conversion.
:param decimal_return_scale: Default scale to use when converting
from floats to Python decimals. Floating point values will typically
be much longer due to decimal inaccuracy, and most floating point
database types don't have a notion of "scale", so by default the
float type looks for the first ten decimal places when converting.
Specifying this value will override that length. Note that the
MySQL float types, which do include "scale", will use "scale"
as the default for decimal_return_scale, if not otherwise specified.
.. versionadded:: 0.9.0
"""
self.precision = precision
self.asdecimal = asdecimal
self.decimal_return_scale = decimal_return_scale
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if self.asdecimal:
return processors.to_decimal_processor_factory(
decimal.Decimal, self._effective_decimal_return_scale
)
elif dialect.supports_native_decimal:
return processors.to_float
else:
return None
class DateTime(_LookupExpressionAdapter, TypeEngine):
"""A type for ``datetime.datetime()`` objects.
Date and time types return objects from the Python ``datetime``
module. Most DBAPIs have built in support for the datetime
module, with the noted exception of SQLite. In the case of
SQLite, date and time types are stored as strings which are then
converted back to datetime objects when rows are returned.
For the time representation within the datetime type, some
backends include additional options, such as timezone support and
fractional seconds support. For fractional seconds, use the
dialect-specific datatype, such as :class:`.mysql.TIME`. For
timezone support, use at least the :class:`_types.TIMESTAMP` datatype,
if not the dialect-specific datatype object.
"""
__visit_name__ = "datetime"
def __init__(self, timezone=False):
"""Construct a new :class:`.DateTime`.
:param timezone: boolean. Indicates that the datetime type should
enable timezone support, if available on the
**base date/time-holding type only**. It is recommended
to make use of the :class:`_types.TIMESTAMP` datatype directly when
using this flag, as some databases include separate generic
date/time-holding types distinct from the timezone-capable
TIMESTAMP datatype, such as Oracle.
"""
self.timezone = timezone
def get_dbapi_type(self, dbapi):
return dbapi.DATETIME
@property
def python_type(self):
return dt.datetime
@util.memoized_property
def _expression_adaptations(self):
# Based on http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/\
# static/functions-datetime.html.
return {
operators.add: {Interval: self.__class__},
operators.sub: {Interval: self.__class__, DateTime: Interval},
}
class Date(_LookupExpressionAdapter, TypeEngine):
"""A type for ``datetime.date()`` objects."""
__visit_name__ = "date"
def get_dbapi_type(self, dbapi):
return dbapi.DATETIME
@property
def python_type(self):
return dt.date
@util.memoized_property
def _expression_adaptations(self):
# Based on http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/\
# static/functions-datetime.html.
return {
operators.add: {
Integer: self.__class__,
Interval: DateTime,
Time: DateTime,
},
operators.sub: {
# date - integer = date
Integer: self.__class__,
# date - date = integer.
Date: Integer,
Interval: DateTime,
# date - datetime = interval,
# this one is not in the PG docs
# but works
DateTime: Interval,
},
}
class Time(_LookupExpressionAdapter, TypeEngine):
"""A type for ``datetime.time()`` objects."""
__visit_name__ = "time"
def __init__(self, timezone=False):
self.timezone = timezone
def get_dbapi_type(self, dbapi):
return dbapi.DATETIME
@property
def python_type(self):
return dt.time
@util.memoized_property
def _expression_adaptations(self):
# Based on http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/\
# static/functions-datetime.html.
return {
operators.add: {Date: DateTime, Interval: self.__class__},
operators.sub: {Time: Interval, Interval: self.__class__},
}
class _Binary(TypeEngine):
"""Define base behavior for binary types."""
def __init__(self, length=None):
self.length = length
def literal_processor(self, dialect):
def process(value):
value = value.decode(dialect.encoding).replace("'", "''")
return "'%s'" % value
return process
@property
def python_type(self):
return util.binary_type
# Python 3 - sqlite3 doesn't need the `Binary` conversion
# here, though pg8000 does to indicate "bytea"
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
if dialect.dbapi is None:
return None
DBAPIBinary = dialect.dbapi.Binary
def process(value):
if value is not None:
return DBAPIBinary(value)
else:
return None
return process
# Python 3 has native bytes() type
# both sqlite3 and pg8000 seem to return it,
# psycopg2 as of 2.5 returns 'memoryview'
if util.py2k:
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if util.jython:
def process(value):
if value is not None:
if isinstance(value, array.array):
return value.tostring()
return str(value)
else:
return None
else:
process = processors.to_str
return process
else:
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
def process(value):
if value is not None:
value = bytes(value)
return value
return process
def coerce_compared_value(self, op, value):
"""See :meth:`.TypeEngine.coerce_compared_value` for a description."""
if isinstance(value, util.string_types):
return self
else:
return super(_Binary, self).coerce_compared_value(op, value)
def get_dbapi_type(self, dbapi):
return dbapi.BINARY
class LargeBinary(_Binary):
"""A type for large binary byte data.
The :class:`.LargeBinary` type corresponds to a large and/or unlengthed
binary type for the target platform, such as BLOB on MySQL and BYTEA for
PostgreSQL. It also handles the necessary conversions for the DBAPI.
"""
__visit_name__ = "large_binary"
def __init__(self, length=None):
"""
Construct a LargeBinary type.
:param length: optional, a length for the column for use in
DDL statements, for those binary types that accept a length,
such as the MySQL BLOB type.
"""
_Binary.__init__(self, length=length)
@util.deprecated_cls(
"0.6",
"The :class:`.Binary` class is deprecated and will be removed "
"in a future relase. Please use :class:`.LargeBinary`.",
)
class Binary(LargeBinary):
def __init__(self, *arg, **kw):
LargeBinary.__init__(self, *arg, **kw)
class SchemaType(SchemaEventTarget):
"""Mark a type as possibly requiring schema-level DDL for usage.
Supports types that must be explicitly created/dropped (i.e. PG ENUM type)
as well as types that are complimented by table or schema level
constraints, triggers, and other rules.
:class:`.SchemaType` classes can also be targets for the
:meth:`.DDLEvents.before_parent_attach` and
:meth:`.DDLEvents.after_parent_attach` events, where the events fire off
surrounding the association of the type object with a parent
:class:`_schema.Column`.
.. seealso::
:class:`.Enum`
:class:`.Boolean`
"""
def __init__(
self,
name=None,
schema=None,
metadata=None,
inherit_schema=False,
quote=None,
_create_events=True,
):
if name is not None:
self.name = quoted_name(name, quote)
else:
self.name = None
self.schema = schema
self.metadata = metadata
self.inherit_schema = inherit_schema
self._create_events = _create_events
if _create_events and self.metadata:
event.listen(
self.metadata,
"before_create",
util.portable_instancemethod(self._on_metadata_create),
)
event.listen(
self.metadata,
"after_drop",
util.portable_instancemethod(self._on_metadata_drop),
)
def _translate_schema(self, effective_schema, map_):
return map_.get(effective_schema, effective_schema)
def _set_parent(self, column):
column._on_table_attach(util.portable_instancemethod(self._set_table))
def _variant_mapping_for_set_table(self, column):
if isinstance(column.type, Variant):
variant_mapping = column.type.mapping.copy()
variant_mapping["_default"] = column.type.impl
else:
variant_mapping = None
return variant_mapping
def _set_table(self, column, table):
if self.inherit_schema:
self.schema = table.schema
if not self._create_events:
return
variant_mapping = self._variant_mapping_for_set_table(column)
event.listen(
table,
"before_create",
util.portable_instancemethod(
self._on_table_create, {"variant_mapping": variant_mapping}
),
)
event.listen(
table,
"after_drop",
util.portable_instancemethod(
self._on_table_drop, {"variant_mapping": variant_mapping}
),
)
if self.metadata is None:
# TODO: what's the difference between self.metadata
# and table.metadata here ?
event.listen(
table.metadata,
"before_create",
util.portable_instancemethod(
self._on_metadata_create,
{"variant_mapping": variant_mapping},
),
)
event.listen(
table.metadata,
"after_drop",
util.portable_instancemethod(
self._on_metadata_drop,
{"variant_mapping": variant_mapping},
),
)
def copy(self, **kw):
return self.adapt(self.__class__, _create_events=True)
def adapt(self, impltype, **kw):
schema = kw.pop("schema", self.schema)
metadata = kw.pop("metadata", self.metadata)
_create_events = kw.pop("_create_events", False)
return impltype(
name=self.name,
schema=schema,
inherit_schema=self.inherit_schema,
metadata=metadata,
_create_events=_create_events,
**kw
)
@property
def bind(self):
return self.metadata and self.metadata.bind or None
def create(self, bind=None, checkfirst=False):
"""Issue CREATE ddl for this type, if applicable."""
if bind is None:
bind = _bind_or_error(self)
t = self.dialect_impl(bind.dialect)
if t.__class__ is not self.__class__ and isinstance(t, SchemaType):
t.create(bind=bind, checkfirst=checkfirst)
def drop(self, bind=None, checkfirst=False):
"""Issue DROP ddl for this type, if applicable."""
if bind is None:
bind = _bind_or_error(self)
t = self.dialect_impl(bind.dialect)
if t.__class__ is not self.__class__ and isinstance(t, SchemaType):
t.drop(bind=bind, checkfirst=checkfirst)
def _on_table_create(self, target, bind, **kw):
if not self._is_impl_for_variant(bind.dialect, kw):
return
t = self.dialect_impl(bind.dialect)
if t.__class__ is not self.__class__ and isinstance(t, SchemaType):
t._on_table_create(target, bind, **kw)
def _on_table_drop(self, target, bind, **kw):
if not self._is_impl_for_variant(bind.dialect, kw):
return
t = self.dialect_impl(bind.dialect)
if t.__class__ is not self.__class__ and isinstance(t, SchemaType):
t._on_table_drop(target, bind, **kw)
def _on_metadata_create(self, target, bind, **kw):
if not self._is_impl_for_variant(bind.dialect, kw):
return
t = self.dialect_impl(bind.dialect)
if t.__class__ is not self.__class__ and isinstance(t, SchemaType):
t._on_metadata_create(target, bind, **kw)
def _on_metadata_drop(self, target, bind, **kw):
if not self._is_impl_for_variant(bind.dialect, kw):
return
t = self.dialect_impl(bind.dialect)
if t.__class__ is not self.__class__ and isinstance(t, SchemaType):
t._on_metadata_drop(target, bind, **kw)
def _is_impl_for_variant(self, dialect, kw):
variant_mapping = kw.pop("variant_mapping", None)
if variant_mapping is None:
return True
if (
dialect.name in variant_mapping
and variant_mapping[dialect.name] is self
):
return True
elif dialect.name not in variant_mapping:
return variant_mapping["_default"] is self
class Enum(Emulated, String, SchemaType):
"""Generic Enum Type.
The :class:`.Enum` type provides a set of possible string values
which the column is constrained towards.
The :class:`.Enum` type will make use of the backend's native "ENUM"
type if one is available; otherwise, it uses a VARCHAR datatype and
produces a CHECK constraint. Use of the backend-native enum type
can be disabled using the :paramref:`.Enum.native_enum` flag, and
the production of the CHECK constraint is configurable using the
:paramref:`.Enum.create_constraint` flag.
The :class:`.Enum` type also provides in-Python validation of string
values during both read and write operations. When reading a value
from the database in a result set, the string value is always checked
against the list of possible values and a ``LookupError`` is raised
if no match is found. When passing a value to the database as a
plain string within a SQL statement, if the
:paramref:`.Enum.validate_strings` parameter is
set to True, a ``LookupError`` is raised for any string value that's
not located in the given list of possible values; note that this
impacts usage of LIKE expressions with enumerated values (an unusual
use case).
.. versionchanged:: 1.1 the :class:`.Enum` type now provides in-Python
validation of input values as well as on data being returned by
the database.
The source of enumerated values may be a list of string values, or
alternatively a PEP-435-compliant enumerated class. For the purposes
of the :class:`.Enum` datatype, this class need only provide a
``__members__`` method.
When using an enumerated class, the enumerated objects are used
both for input and output, rather than strings as is the case with
a plain-string enumerated type::
import enum
class MyEnum(enum.Enum):
one = 1
two = 2
three = 3
t = Table(
'data', MetaData(),
Column('value', Enum(MyEnum))
)
connection.execute(t.insert(), {"value": MyEnum.two})
assert connection.scalar(t.select()) is MyEnum.two
Above, the string names of each element, e.g. "one", "two", "three",
are persisted to the database; the values of the Python Enum, here
indicated as integers, are **not** used; the value of each enum can
therefore be any kind of Python object whether or not it is persistable.
In order to persist the values and not the names, the
:paramref:`.Enum.values_callable` parameter may be used. The value of
this parameter is a user-supplied callable, which is intended to be used
with a PEP-435-compliant enumerated class and returns a list of string
values to be persisted. For a simple enumeration that uses string values,
a callable such as ``lambda x: [e.value for e in x]`` is sufficient.
.. versionadded:: 1.1 - support for PEP-435-style enumerated
classes.
.. seealso::
:class:`_postgresql.ENUM` - PostgreSQL-specific type,
which has additional functionality.
:class:`.mysql.ENUM` - MySQL-specific type
"""
__visit_name__ = "enum"
@util.deprecated_params(
convert_unicode=(
"1.3",
"The :paramref:`.Enum.convert_unicode` parameter is deprecated "
"and will be removed in a future release. All modern DBAPIs "
"now support Python Unicode directly and this parameter is "
"unnecessary.",
)
)
def __init__(self, *enums, **kw):
r"""Construct an enum.
Keyword arguments which don't apply to a specific backend are ignored
by that backend.
:param \*enums: either exactly one PEP-435 compliant enumerated type
or one or more string or unicode enumeration labels. If unicode
labels are present, the `convert_unicode` flag is auto-enabled.
.. versionadded:: 1.1 a PEP-435 style enumerated class may be
passed.
:param convert_unicode: Enable unicode-aware bind parameter and
result-set processing for this Enum's data. This is set
automatically based on the presence of unicode label strings.
:param create_constraint: defaults to True. When creating a non-native
enumerated type, also build a CHECK constraint on the database
against the valid values.
.. versionadded:: 1.1 - added :paramref:`.Enum.create_constraint`
which provides the option to disable the production of the
CHECK constraint for a non-native enumerated type.
:param metadata: Associate this type directly with a ``MetaData``
object. For types that exist on the target database as an
independent schema construct (PostgreSQL), this type will be
created and dropped within ``create_all()`` and ``drop_all()``
operations. If the type is not associated with any ``MetaData``
object, it will associate itself with each ``Table`` in which it is
used, and will be created when any of those individual tables are
created, after a check is performed for its existence. The type is
only dropped when ``drop_all()`` is called for that ``Table``
object's metadata, however.
:param name: The name of this type. This is required for PostgreSQL
and any future supported database which requires an explicitly
named type, or an explicitly named constraint in order to generate
the type and/or a table that uses it. If a PEP-435 enumerated
class was used, its name (converted to lower case) is used by
default.
:param native_enum: Use the database's native ENUM type when
available. Defaults to True. When False, uses VARCHAR + check
constraint for all backends. The VARCHAR length can be controlled
with :paramref:`.Enum.length`
:param length: Allows specifying a custom length for the VARCHAR
when :paramref:`.Enum.native_enum` is False. By default it uses the
length of the longest value.
.. versionadded:: 1.3.16
:param schema: Schema name of this type. For types that exist on the
target database as an independent schema construct (PostgreSQL),
this parameter specifies the named schema in which the type is
present.
.. note::
The ``schema`` of the :class:`.Enum` type does not
by default make use of the ``schema`` established on the
owning :class:`_schema.Table`. If this behavior is desired,
set the ``inherit_schema`` flag to ``True``.
:param quote: Set explicit quoting preferences for the type's name.
:param inherit_schema: When ``True``, the "schema" from the owning
:class:`_schema.Table`
will be copied to the "schema" attribute of this
:class:`.Enum`, replacing whatever value was passed for the
``schema`` attribute. This also takes effect when using the
:meth:`_schema.Table.tometadata` operation.
:param validate_strings: when True, string values that are being
passed to the database in a SQL statement will be checked
for validity against the list of enumerated values. Unrecognized
values will result in a ``LookupError`` being raised.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.0b2
:param values_callable: A callable which will be passed the PEP-435
compliant enumerated type, which should then return a list of string
values to be persisted. This allows for alternate usages such as
using the string value of an enum to be persisted to the database
instead of its name.
.. versionadded:: 1.2.3
:param sort_key_function: a Python callable which may be used as the
"key" argument in the Python ``sorted()`` built-in. The SQLAlchemy
ORM requires that primary key columns which are mapped must
be sortable in some way. When using an unsortable enumeration
object such as a Python 3 ``Enum`` object, this parameter may be
used to set a default sort key function for the objects. By
default, the database value of the enumeration is used as the
sorting function.
.. versionadded:: 1.3.8
"""
self._enum_init(enums, kw)
@property
def _enums_argument(self):
if self.enum_class is not None:
return [self.enum_class]
else:
return self.enums
def _enum_init(self, enums, kw):
"""internal init for :class:`.Enum` and subclasses.
friendly init helper used by subclasses to remove
all the Enum-specific keyword arguments from kw. Allows all
other arguments in kw to pass through.
"""
self.native_enum = kw.pop("native_enum", True)
self.create_constraint = kw.pop("create_constraint", True)
self.values_callable = kw.pop("values_callable", None)
self._sort_key_function = kw.pop("sort_key_function", NO_ARG)
length_arg = kw.pop("length", NO_ARG)
values, objects = self._parse_into_values(enums, kw)
self._setup_for_values(values, objects, kw)
convert_unicode = kw.pop("convert_unicode", None)
self.validate_strings = kw.pop("validate_strings", False)
if convert_unicode is None:
for e in self.enums:
# this is all py2k logic that can go away for py3k only,
# "expect unicode" will always be implicitly true
if isinstance(e, util.text_type):
_expect_unicode = True
break
else:
_expect_unicode = False
else:
_expect_unicode = convert_unicode
if self.enums:
length = max(len(x) for x in self.enums)
else:
length = 0
if not self.native_enum and length_arg is not NO_ARG:
if length_arg < length:
raise ValueError(
"When provided, length must be larger or equal"
" than the length of the longest enum value. %s < %s"
% (length_arg, length)
)
length = length_arg
self._valid_lookup[None] = self._object_lookup[None] = None
super(Enum, self).__init__(
length=length, _expect_unicode=_expect_unicode
)
if self.enum_class:
kw.setdefault("name", self.enum_class.__name__.lower())
SchemaType.__init__(
self,
name=kw.pop("name", None),
schema=kw.pop("schema", None),
metadata=kw.pop("metadata", None),
inherit_schema=kw.pop("inherit_schema", False),
quote=kw.pop("quote", None),
_create_events=kw.pop("_create_events", True),
)
def _parse_into_values(self, enums, kw):
if not enums and "_enums" in kw:
enums = kw.pop("_enums")
if len(enums) == 1 and hasattr(enums[0], "__members__"):
self.enum_class = enums[0]
members = self.enum_class.__members__
if self.values_callable:
values = self.values_callable(self.enum_class)
else:
values = list(members)
objects = [members[k] for k in members]
return values, objects
else:
self.enum_class = None
return enums, enums
def _setup_for_values(self, values, objects, kw):
self.enums = list(values)
self._valid_lookup = dict(zip(reversed(objects), reversed(values)))
self._object_lookup = dict(zip(values, objects))
self._valid_lookup.update(
[
(value, self._valid_lookup[self._object_lookup[value]])
for value in values
]
)
@property
def sort_key_function(self):
if self._sort_key_function is NO_ARG:
return self._db_value_for_elem
else:
return self._sort_key_function
@property
def native(self):
return self.native_enum
def _db_value_for_elem(self, elem):
try:
return self._valid_lookup[elem]
except KeyError as err:
# for unknown string values, we return as is. While we can
# validate these if we wanted, that does not allow for lesser-used
# end-user use cases, such as using a LIKE comparison with an enum,
# or for an application that wishes to apply string tests to an
# ENUM (see [ticket:3725]). While we can decide to differentiate
# here between an INSERT statement and a criteria used in a SELECT,
# for now we're staying conservative w/ behavioral changes (perhaps
# someone has a trigger that handles strings on INSERT)
if not self.validate_strings and isinstance(
elem, compat.string_types
):
return elem
else:
util.raise_(
LookupError(
'"%s" is not among the defined enum values' % elem
),
replace_context=err,
)
class Comparator(String.Comparator):
def _adapt_expression(self, op, other_comparator):
op, typ = super(Enum.Comparator, self)._adapt_expression(
op, other_comparator
)
if op is operators.concat_op:
typ = String(
self.type.length, _expect_unicode=self.type._expect_unicode
)
return op, typ
comparator_factory = Comparator
def _object_value_for_elem(self, elem):
try:
return self._object_lookup[elem]
except KeyError as err:
util.raise_(
LookupError(
'"%s" is not among the defined enum values' % elem
),
replace_context=err,
)
def __repr__(self):
return util.generic_repr(
self,
additional_kw=[("native_enum", True)],
to_inspect=[Enum, SchemaType],
)
def adapt_to_emulated(self, impltype, **kw):
kw.setdefault("_expect_unicode", self._expect_unicode)
kw.setdefault("validate_strings", self.validate_strings)
kw.setdefault("name", self.name)
kw.setdefault("schema", self.schema)
kw.setdefault("inherit_schema", self.inherit_schema)
kw.setdefault("metadata", self.metadata)
kw.setdefault("_create_events", False)
kw.setdefault("native_enum", self.native_enum)
kw.setdefault("values_callable", self.values_callable)
kw.setdefault("create_constraint", self.create_constraint)
kw.setdefault("length", self.length)
assert "_enums" in kw
return impltype(**kw)
def adapt(self, impltype, **kw):
kw["_enums"] = self._enums_argument
return super(Enum, self).adapt(impltype, **kw)
def _should_create_constraint(self, compiler, **kw):
if not self._is_impl_for_variant(compiler.dialect, kw):
return False
return (
not self.native_enum or not compiler.dialect.supports_native_enum
)
@util.dependencies("sqlalchemy.sql.schema")
def _set_table(self, schema, column, table):
SchemaType._set_table(self, column, table)
if not self.create_constraint:
return
variant_mapping = self._variant_mapping_for_set_table(column)
e = schema.CheckConstraint(
type_coerce(column, self).in_(self.enums),
name=_defer_name(self.name),
_create_rule=util.portable_instancemethod(
self._should_create_constraint,
{"variant_mapping": variant_mapping},
),
_type_bound=True,
)
assert e.table is table
def literal_processor(self, dialect):
parent_processor = super(Enum, self).literal_processor(dialect)
def process(value):
value = self._db_value_for_elem(value)
if parent_processor:
value = parent_processor(value)
return value
return process
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
def process(value):
value = self._db_value_for_elem(value)
if parent_processor:
value = parent_processor(value)
return value
parent_processor = super(Enum, self).bind_processor(dialect)
return process
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
parent_processor = super(Enum, self).result_processor(dialect, coltype)
def process(value):
if parent_processor:
value = parent_processor(value)
value = self._object_value_for_elem(value)
return value
return process
def copy(self, **kw):
return SchemaType.copy(self, **kw)
@property
def python_type(self):
if self.enum_class:
return self.enum_class
else:
return super(Enum, self).python_type
class PickleType(TypeDecorator):
"""Holds Python objects, which are serialized using pickle.
PickleType builds upon the Binary type to apply Python's
``pickle.dumps()`` to incoming objects, and ``pickle.loads()`` on
the way out, allowing any pickleable Python object to be stored as
a serialized binary field.
To allow ORM change events to propagate for elements associated
with :class:`.PickleType`, see :ref:`mutable_toplevel`.
"""
impl = LargeBinary
def __init__(
self, protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL, pickler=None, comparator=None
):
"""
Construct a PickleType.
:param protocol: defaults to ``pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL``.
:param pickler: defaults to cPickle.pickle or pickle.pickle if
cPickle is not available. May be any object with
pickle-compatible ``dumps`` and ``loads`` methods.
:param comparator: a 2-arg callable predicate used
to compare values of this type. If left as ``None``,
the Python "equals" operator is used to compare values.
"""
self.protocol = protocol
self.pickler = pickler or pickle
self.comparator = comparator
super(PickleType, self).__init__()
def __reduce__(self):
return PickleType, (self.protocol, None, self.comparator)
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
impl_processor = self.impl.bind_processor(dialect)
dumps = self.pickler.dumps
protocol = self.protocol
if impl_processor:
def process(value):
if value is not None:
value = dumps(value, protocol)
return impl_processor(value)
else:
def process(value):
if value is not None:
value = dumps(value, protocol)
return value
return process
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
impl_processor = self.impl.result_processor(dialect, coltype)
loads = self.pickler.loads
if impl_processor:
def process(value):
value = impl_processor(value)
if value is None:
return None
return loads(value)
else:
def process(value):
if value is None:
return None
return loads(value)
return process
def compare_values(self, x, y):
if self.comparator:
return self.comparator(x, y)
else:
return x == y
class Boolean(Emulated, TypeEngine, SchemaType):
"""A bool datatype.
:class:`.Boolean` typically uses BOOLEAN or SMALLINT on the DDL side,
and on the Python side deals in ``True`` or ``False``.
The :class:`.Boolean` datatype currently has two levels of assertion
that the values persisted are simple true/false values. For all
backends, only the Python values ``None``, ``True``, ``False``, ``1``
or ``0`` are accepted as parameter values. For those backends that
don't support a "native boolean" datatype, a CHECK constraint is also
created on the target column. Production of the CHECK constraint
can be disabled by passing the :paramref:`.Boolean.create_constraint`
flag set to ``False``.
.. versionchanged:: 1.2 the :class:`.Boolean` datatype now asserts that
incoming Python values are already in pure boolean form.
"""
__visit_name__ = "boolean"
native = True
def __init__(self, create_constraint=True, name=None, _create_events=True):
"""Construct a Boolean.
:param create_constraint: defaults to True. If the boolean
is generated as an int/smallint, also create a CHECK constraint
on the table that ensures 1 or 0 as a value.
:param name: if a CHECK constraint is generated, specify
the name of the constraint.
"""
self.create_constraint = create_constraint
self.name = name
self._create_events = _create_events
def _should_create_constraint(self, compiler, **kw):
if not self._is_impl_for_variant(compiler.dialect, kw):
return False
return (
not compiler.dialect.supports_native_boolean
and compiler.dialect.non_native_boolean_check_constraint
)
@util.dependencies("sqlalchemy.sql.schema")
def _set_table(self, schema, column, table):
if not self.create_constraint:
return
variant_mapping = self._variant_mapping_for_set_table(column)
e = schema.CheckConstraint(
type_coerce(column, self).in_([0, 1]),
name=_defer_name(self.name),
_create_rule=util.portable_instancemethod(
self._should_create_constraint,
{"variant_mapping": variant_mapping},
),
_type_bound=True,
)
assert e.table is table
@property
def python_type(self):
return bool
_strict_bools = frozenset([None, True, False])
def _strict_as_bool(self, value):
if value not in self._strict_bools:
if not isinstance(value, int):
raise TypeError("Not a boolean value: %r" % value)
else:
raise ValueError(
"Value %r is not None, True, or False" % value
)
return value
def literal_processor(self, dialect):
compiler = dialect.statement_compiler(dialect, None)
true = compiler.visit_true(None)
false = compiler.visit_false(None)
def process(value):
return true if self._strict_as_bool(value) else false
return process
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
_strict_as_bool = self._strict_as_bool
if dialect.supports_native_boolean:
_coerce = bool
else:
_coerce = int
def process(value):
value = _strict_as_bool(value)
if value is not None:
value = _coerce(value)
return value
return process
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if dialect.supports_native_boolean:
return None
else:
return processors.int_to_boolean
class _AbstractInterval(_LookupExpressionAdapter, TypeEngine):
@util.memoized_property
def _expression_adaptations(self):
# Based on http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/\
# static/functions-datetime.html.
return {
operators.add: {
Date: DateTime,
Interval: self.__class__,
DateTime: DateTime,
Time: Time,
},
operators.sub: {Interval: self.__class__},
operators.mul: {Numeric: self.__class__},
operators.truediv: {Numeric: self.__class__},
operators.div: {Numeric: self.__class__},
}
@property
def _type_affinity(self):
return Interval
def coerce_compared_value(self, op, value):
"""See :meth:`.TypeEngine.coerce_compared_value` for a description."""
return self.impl.coerce_compared_value(op, value)
class Interval(Emulated, _AbstractInterval, TypeDecorator):
"""A type for ``datetime.timedelta()`` objects.
The Interval type deals with ``datetime.timedelta`` objects. In
PostgreSQL, the native ``INTERVAL`` type is used; for others, the
value is stored as a date which is relative to the "epoch"
(Jan. 1, 1970).
Note that the ``Interval`` type does not currently provide date arithmetic
operations on platforms which do not support interval types natively. Such
operations usually require transformation of both sides of the expression
(such as, conversion of both sides into integer epoch values first) which
currently is a manual procedure (such as via
:attr:`~sqlalchemy.sql.expression.func`).
"""
impl = DateTime
epoch = dt.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(0)
def __init__(self, native=True, second_precision=None, day_precision=None):
"""Construct an Interval object.
:param native: when True, use the actual
INTERVAL type provided by the database, if
supported (currently PostgreSQL, Oracle).
Otherwise, represent the interval data as
an epoch value regardless.
:param second_precision: For native interval types
which support a "fractional seconds precision" parameter,
i.e. Oracle and PostgreSQL
:param day_precision: for native interval types which
support a "day precision" parameter, i.e. Oracle.
"""
super(Interval, self).__init__()
self.native = native
self.second_precision = second_precision
self.day_precision = day_precision
@property
def python_type(self):
return dt.timedelta
def adapt_to_emulated(self, impltype, **kw):
return _AbstractInterval.adapt(self, impltype, **kw)
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
impl_processor = self.impl.bind_processor(dialect)
epoch = self.epoch
if impl_processor:
def process(value):
if value is not None:
value = epoch + value
return impl_processor(value)
else:
def process(value):
if value is not None:
value = epoch + value
return value
return process
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
impl_processor = self.impl.result_processor(dialect, coltype)
epoch = self.epoch
if impl_processor:
def process(value):
value = impl_processor(value)
if value is None:
return None
return value - epoch
else:
def process(value):
if value is None:
return None
return value - epoch
return process
class JSON(Indexable, TypeEngine):
"""Represent a SQL JSON type.
.. note:: :class:`_types.JSON`
is provided as a facade for vendor-specific
JSON types. Since it supports JSON SQL operations, it only
works on backends that have an actual JSON type, currently:
* PostgreSQL
* MySQL as of version 5.7 (MariaDB as of the 10.2 series does not)
* SQLite as of version 3.9
:class:`_types.JSON` is part of the Core in support of the growing
popularity of native JSON datatypes.
The :class:`_types.JSON` type stores arbitrary JSON format data, e.g.::
data_table = Table('data_table', metadata,
Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
Column('data', JSON)
)
with engine.connect() as conn:
conn.execute(
data_table.insert(),
data = {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
)
**JSON-Specific Expression Operators**
The :class:`_types.JSON`
datatype provides these additional SQL operations:
* Keyed index operations::
data_table.c.data['some key']
* Integer index operations::
data_table.c.data[3]
* Path index operations::
data_table.c.data[('key_1', 'key_2', 5, ..., 'key_n')]
* Data casters for specific JSON element types, subsequent to an index
or path operation being invoked::
data_table.c.data["some key"].as_integer()
.. versionadded:: 1.3.11
Additional operations may be available from the dialect-specific versions
of :class:`_types.JSON`, such as :class:`_postgresql.JSON` and
:class:`_postgresql.JSONB` which both offer additional PostgreSQL-specific
operations.
**Casting JSON Elements to Other Types**
Index operations, i.e. those invoked by calling upon the expression using
the Python bracket operator as in ``some_column['some key']``, return an
expression object whose type defaults to :class:`_types.JSON` by default,
so that
further JSON-oriented instructions may be called upon the result type.
However, it is likely more common that an index operation is expected
to return a specific scalar element, such as a string or integer. In
order to provide access to these elements in a backend-agnostic way,
a series of data casters are provided:
* :meth:`.JSON.Comparator.as_string` - return the element as a string
* :meth:`.JSON.Comparator.as_boolean` - return the element as a boolean
* :meth:`.JSON.Comparator.as_float` - return the element as a float
* :meth:`.JSON.Comparator.as_integer` - return the element as an integer
These data casters are implemented by supporting dialects in order to
assure that comparisons to the above types will work as expected, such as::
# integer comparison
data_table.c.data["some_integer_key"].as_integer() == 5
# boolean comparison
data_table.c.data["some_boolean"].as_boolean() == True
.. versionadded:: 1.3.11 Added type-specific casters for the basic JSON
data element types.
.. note::
The data caster functions are new in version 1.3.11, and supersede
the previous documented approaches of using CAST; for reference,
this looked like::
from sqlalchemy import cast, type_coerce
from sqlalchemy import String, JSON
cast(
data_table.c.data['some_key'], String
) == type_coerce(55, JSON)
The above case now works directly as::
data_table.c.data['some_key'].as_integer() == 5
For details on the previous comparison approach within the 1.3.x
series, see the documentation for SQLAlchemy 1.2 or the included HTML
files in the doc/ directory of the version's distribution.
**Detecting Changes in JSON columns when using the ORM**
The :class:`_types.JSON` type, when used with the SQLAlchemy ORM, does not
detect in-place mutations to the structure. In order to detect these, the
:mod:`sqlalchemy.ext.mutable` extension must be used. This extension will
allow "in-place" changes to the datastructure to produce events which
will be detected by the unit of work. See the example at :class:`.HSTORE`
for a simple example involving a dictionary.
**Support for JSON null vs. SQL NULL**
When working with NULL values, the :class:`_types.JSON`
type recommends the
use of two specific constants in order to differentiate between a column
that evaluates to SQL NULL, e.g. no value, vs. the JSON-encoded string
of ``"null"``. To insert or select against a value that is SQL NULL,
use the constant :func:`.null`::
from sqlalchemy import null
conn.execute(table.insert(), json_value=null())
To insert or select against a value that is JSON ``"null"``, use the
constant :attr:`_types.JSON.NULL`::
conn.execute(table.insert(), json_value=JSON.NULL)
The :class:`_types.JSON` type supports a flag
:paramref:`_types.JSON.none_as_null` which when set to True will result
in the Python constant ``None`` evaluating to the value of SQL
NULL, and when set to False results in the Python constant
``None`` evaluating to the value of JSON ``"null"``. The Python
value ``None`` may be used in conjunction with either
:attr:`_types.JSON.NULL` and :func:`.null` in order to indicate NULL
values, but care must be taken as to the value of the
:paramref:`_types.JSON.none_as_null` in these cases.
**Customizing the JSON Serializer**
The JSON serializer and deserializer used by :class:`_types.JSON`
defaults to
Python's ``json.dumps`` and ``json.loads`` functions; in the case of the
psycopg2 dialect, psycopg2 may be using its own custom loader function.
In order to affect the serializer / deserializer, they are currently
configurable at the :func:`_sa.create_engine` level via the
:paramref:`_sa.create_engine.json_serializer` and
:paramref:`_sa.create_engine.json_deserializer` parameters. For example,
to turn off ``ensure_ascii``::
engine = create_engine(
"sqlite://",
json_serializer=lambda obj: json.dumps(obj, ensure_ascii=False))
.. versionchanged:: 1.3.7
SQLite dialect's ``json_serializer`` and ``json_deserializer``
parameters renamed from ``_json_serializer`` and
``_json_deserializer``.
.. seealso::
:class:`_postgresql.JSON`
:class:`_postgresql.JSONB`
:class:`.mysql.JSON`
:class:`_sqlite.JSON`
.. versionadded:: 1.1
"""
__visit_name__ = "JSON"
hashable = False
NULL = util.symbol("JSON_NULL")
"""Describe the json value of NULL.
This value is used to force the JSON value of ``"null"`` to be
used as the value. A value of Python ``None`` will be recognized
either as SQL NULL or JSON ``"null"``, based on the setting
of the :paramref:`_types.JSON.none_as_null` flag; the
:attr:`_types.JSON.NULL`
constant can be used to always resolve to JSON ``"null"`` regardless
of this setting. This is in contrast to the :func:`_expression.null`
construct,
which always resolves to SQL NULL. E.g.::
from sqlalchemy import null
from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import JSON
# will *always* insert SQL NULL
obj1 = MyObject(json_value=null())
# will *always* insert JSON string "null"
obj2 = MyObject(json_value=JSON.NULL)
session.add_all([obj1, obj2])
session.commit()
In order to set JSON NULL as a default value for a column, the most
transparent method is to use :func:`_expression.text`::
Table(
'my_table', metadata,
Column('json_data', JSON, default=text("'null'"))
)
While it is possible to use :attr:`_types.JSON.NULL` in this context, the
:attr:`_types.JSON.NULL` value will be returned as the value of the column
,
which in the context of the ORM or other repurposing of the default
value, may not be desirable. Using a SQL expression means the value
will be re-fetched from the database within the context of retrieving
generated defaults.
"""
def __init__(self, none_as_null=False):
"""Construct a :class:`_types.JSON` type.
:param none_as_null=False: if True, persist the value ``None`` as a
SQL NULL value, not the JSON encoding of ``null``. Note that
when this flag is False, the :func:`.null` construct can still
be used to persist a NULL value::
from sqlalchemy import null
conn.execute(table.insert(), data=null())
.. note::
:paramref:`_types.JSON.none_as_null` does **not** apply to the
values passed to :paramref:`_schema.Column.default` and
:paramref:`_schema.Column.server_default`; a value of ``None``
passed for these parameters means "no default present".
.. seealso::
:attr:`.types.JSON.NULL`
"""
self.none_as_null = none_as_null
class JSONElementType(TypeEngine):
"""common function for index / path elements in a JSON expression."""
_integer = Integer()
_string = String()
def string_bind_processor(self, dialect):
return self._string._cached_bind_processor(dialect)
def string_literal_processor(self, dialect):
return self._string._cached_literal_processor(dialect)
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
int_processor = self._integer._cached_bind_processor(dialect)
string_processor = self.string_bind_processor(dialect)
def process(value):
if int_processor and isinstance(value, int):
value = int_processor(value)
elif string_processor and isinstance(value, util.string_types):
value = string_processor(value)
return value
return process
def literal_processor(self, dialect):
int_processor = self._integer._cached_literal_processor(dialect)
string_processor = self.string_literal_processor(dialect)
def process(value):
if int_processor and isinstance(value, int):
value = int_processor(value)
elif string_processor and isinstance(value, util.string_types):
value = string_processor(value)
return value
return process
class JSONIndexType(JSONElementType):
"""Placeholder for the datatype of a JSON index value.
This allows execution-time processing of JSON index values
for special syntaxes.
"""
class JSONPathType(JSONElementType):
"""Placeholder type for JSON path operations.
This allows execution-time processing of a path-based
index value into a specific SQL syntax.
"""
class Comparator(Indexable.Comparator, Concatenable.Comparator):
"""Define comparison operations for :class:`_types.JSON`."""
@util.dependencies("sqlalchemy.sql.default_comparator")
def _setup_getitem(self, default_comparator, index):
if not isinstance(index, util.string_types) and isinstance(
index, compat.collections_abc.Sequence
):
index = default_comparator._check_literal(
self.expr,
operators.json_path_getitem_op,
index,
bindparam_type=JSON.JSONPathType,
)
operator = operators.json_path_getitem_op
else:
index = default_comparator._check_literal(
self.expr,
operators.json_getitem_op,
index,
bindparam_type=JSON.JSONIndexType,
)
operator = operators.json_getitem_op
return operator, index, self.type
def as_boolean(self):
"""Cast an indexed value as boolean.
e.g.::
stmt = select([
mytable.c.json_column['some_data'].as_boolean()
]).where(
mytable.c.json_column['some_data'].as_boolean() == True
)
.. versionadded:: 1.3.11
"""
return self._binary_w_type(Boolean(), "as_boolean")
def as_string(self):
"""Cast an indexed value as string.
e.g.::
stmt = select([
mytable.c.json_column['some_data'].as_string()
]).where(
mytable.c.json_column['some_data'].as_string() ==
'some string'
)
.. versionadded:: 1.3.11
"""
return self._binary_w_type(String(), "as_string")
def as_integer(self):
"""Cast an indexed value as integer.
e.g.::
stmt = select([
mytable.c.json_column['some_data'].as_integer()
]).where(
mytable.c.json_column['some_data'].as_integer() == 5
)
.. versionadded:: 1.3.11
"""
return self._binary_w_type(Integer(), "as_integer")
def as_float(self):
"""Cast an indexed value as float.
e.g.::
stmt = select([
mytable.c.json_column['some_data'].as_float()
]).where(
mytable.c.json_column['some_data'].as_float() == 29.75
)
.. versionadded:: 1.3.11
"""
# note there's no Numeric or Decimal support here yet
return self._binary_w_type(Float(), "as_float")
def as_json(self):
"""Cast an indexed value as JSON.
This is the default behavior of indexed elements in any case.
Note that comparison of full JSON structures may not be
supported by all backends.
.. versionadded:: 1.3.11
"""
return self.expr
def _binary_w_type(self, typ, method_name):
if not isinstance(
self.expr, elements.BinaryExpression
) or self.expr.operator not in (
operators.json_getitem_op,
operators.json_path_getitem_op,
):
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"The JSON cast operator JSON.%s() only works with a JSON "
"index expression e.g. col['q'].%s()"
% (method_name, method_name)
)
expr = self.expr._clone()
expr.type = typ
return expr
comparator_factory = Comparator
@property
def python_type(self):
return dict
@property
def should_evaluate_none(self):
"""Alias of :attr:`_types.JSON.none_as_null`"""
return not self.none_as_null
@should_evaluate_none.setter
def should_evaluate_none(self, value):
self.none_as_null = not value
@util.memoized_property
def _str_impl(self):
return String(_expect_unicode=True)
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
string_process = self._str_impl.bind_processor(dialect)
json_serializer = dialect._json_serializer or json.dumps
def process(value):
if value is self.NULL:
value = None
elif isinstance(value, elements.Null) or (
value is None and self.none_as_null
):
return None
serialized = json_serializer(value)
if string_process:
serialized = string_process(serialized)
return serialized
return process
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
string_process = self._str_impl.result_processor(dialect, coltype)
json_deserializer = dialect._json_deserializer or json.loads
def process(value):
if value is None:
return None
if string_process:
value = string_process(value)
return json_deserializer(value)
return process
class ARRAY(SchemaEventTarget, Indexable, Concatenable, TypeEngine):
"""Represent a SQL Array type.
.. note:: This type serves as the basis for all ARRAY operations.
However, currently **only the PostgreSQL backend has support
for SQL arrays in SQLAlchemy**. It is recommended to use the
:class:`_postgresql.ARRAY` type directly when using ARRAY types
with PostgreSQL, as it provides additional operators specific
to that backend.
:class:`_types.ARRAY` is part of the Core in support of various SQL
standard functions such as :class:`_functions.array_agg`
which explicitly involve
arrays; however, with the exception of the PostgreSQL backend and possibly
some third-party dialects, no other SQLAlchemy built-in dialect has support
for this type.
An :class:`_types.ARRAY` type is constructed given the "type"
of element::
mytable = Table("mytable", metadata,
Column("data", ARRAY(Integer))
)
The above type represents an N-dimensional array,
meaning a supporting backend such as PostgreSQL will interpret values
with any number of dimensions automatically. To produce an INSERT
construct that passes in a 1-dimensional array of integers::
connection.execute(
mytable.insert(),
data=[1,2,3]
)
The :class:`_types.ARRAY` type can be constructed given a fixed number
of dimensions::
mytable = Table("mytable", metadata,
Column("data", ARRAY(Integer, dimensions=2))
)
Sending a number of dimensions is optional, but recommended if the
datatype is to represent arrays of more than one dimension. This number
is used:
* When emitting the type declaration itself to the database, e.g.
``INTEGER[][]``
* When translating Python values to database values, and vice versa, e.g.
an ARRAY of :class:`.Unicode` objects uses this number to efficiently
access the string values inside of array structures without resorting
to per-row type inspection
* When used with the Python ``getitem`` accessor, the number of dimensions
serves to define the kind of type that the ``[]`` operator should
return, e.g. for an ARRAY of INTEGER with two dimensions::
>>> expr = table.c.column[5] # returns ARRAY(Integer, dimensions=1)
>>> expr = expr[6] # returns Integer
For 1-dimensional arrays, an :class:`_types.ARRAY` instance with no
dimension parameter will generally assume single-dimensional behaviors.
SQL expressions of type :class:`_types.ARRAY` have support for "index" and
"slice" behavior. The Python ``[]`` operator works normally here, given
integer indexes or slices. Arrays default to 1-based indexing.
The operator produces binary expression
constructs which will produce the appropriate SQL, both for
SELECT statements::
select([mytable.c.data[5], mytable.c.data[2:7]])
as well as UPDATE statements when the :meth:`_expression.Update.values`
method
is used::
mytable.update().values({
mytable.c.data[5]: 7,
mytable.c.data[2:7]: [1, 2, 3]
})
The :class:`_types.ARRAY` type also provides for the operators
:meth:`.types.ARRAY.Comparator.any` and
:meth:`.types.ARRAY.Comparator.all`. The PostgreSQL-specific version of
:class:`_types.ARRAY` also provides additional operators.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.0
.. seealso::
:class:`_postgresql.ARRAY`
"""
__visit_name__ = "ARRAY"
zero_indexes = False
"""if True, Python zero-based indexes should be interpreted as one-based
on the SQL expression side."""
class Comparator(Indexable.Comparator, Concatenable.Comparator):
"""Define comparison operations for :class:`_types.ARRAY`.
More operators are available on the dialect-specific form
of this type. See :class:`.postgresql.ARRAY.Comparator`.
"""
def _setup_getitem(self, index):
if isinstance(index, slice):
return_type = self.type
if self.type.zero_indexes:
index = slice(index.start + 1, index.stop + 1, index.step)
index = Slice(
_literal_as_binds(
index.start,
name=self.expr.key,
type_=type_api.INTEGERTYPE,
),
_literal_as_binds(
index.stop,
name=self.expr.key,
type_=type_api.INTEGERTYPE,
),
_literal_as_binds(
index.step,
name=self.expr.key,
type_=type_api.INTEGERTYPE,
),
)
else:
if self.type.zero_indexes:
index += 1
if self.type.dimensions is None or self.type.dimensions == 1:
return_type = self.type.item_type
else:
adapt_kw = {"dimensions": self.type.dimensions - 1}
return_type = self.type.adapt(
self.type.__class__, **adapt_kw
)
return operators.getitem, index, return_type
def contains(self, *arg, **kw):
raise NotImplementedError(
"ARRAY.contains() not implemented for the base "
"ARRAY type; please use the dialect-specific ARRAY type"
)
@util.dependencies("sqlalchemy.sql.elements")
def any(self, elements, other, operator=None):
"""Return ``other operator ANY (array)`` clause.
Argument places are switched, because ANY requires array
expression to be on the right hand-side.
E.g.::
from sqlalchemy.sql import operators
conn.execute(
select([table.c.data]).where(
table.c.data.any(7, operator=operators.lt)
)
)
:param other: expression to be compared
:param operator: an operator object from the
:mod:`sqlalchemy.sql.operators`
package, defaults to :func:`.operators.eq`.
.. seealso::
:func:`_expression.any_`
:meth:`.types.ARRAY.Comparator.all`
"""
operator = operator if operator else operators.eq
return operator(
elements._literal_as_binds(other),
elements.CollectionAggregate._create_any(self.expr),
)
@util.dependencies("sqlalchemy.sql.elements")
def all(self, elements, other, operator=None):
"""Return ``other operator ALL (array)`` clause.
Argument places are switched, because ALL requires array
expression to be on the right hand-side.
E.g.::
from sqlalchemy.sql import operators
conn.execute(
select([table.c.data]).where(
table.c.data.all(7, operator=operators.lt)
)
)
:param other: expression to be compared
:param operator: an operator object from the
:mod:`sqlalchemy.sql.operators`
package, defaults to :func:`.operators.eq`.
.. seealso::
:func:`_expression.all_`
:meth:`.types.ARRAY.Comparator.any`
"""
operator = operator if operator else operators.eq
return operator(
elements._literal_as_binds(other),
elements.CollectionAggregate._create_all(self.expr),
)
comparator_factory = Comparator
def __init__(
self, item_type, as_tuple=False, dimensions=None, zero_indexes=False
):
"""Construct an :class:`_types.ARRAY`.
E.g.::
Column('myarray', ARRAY(Integer))
Arguments are:
:param item_type: The data type of items of this array. Note that
dimensionality is irrelevant here, so multi-dimensional arrays like
``INTEGER[][]``, are constructed as ``ARRAY(Integer)``, not as
``ARRAY(ARRAY(Integer))`` or such.
:param as_tuple=False: Specify whether return results
should be converted to tuples from lists. This parameter is
not generally needed as a Python list corresponds well
to a SQL array.
:param dimensions: if non-None, the ARRAY will assume a fixed
number of dimensions. This impacts how the array is declared
on the database, how it goes about interpreting Python and
result values, as well as how expression behavior in conjunction
with the "getitem" operator works. See the description at
:class:`_types.ARRAY` for additional detail.
:param zero_indexes=False: when True, index values will be converted
between Python zero-based and SQL one-based indexes, e.g.
a value of one will be added to all index values before passing
to the database.
"""
if isinstance(item_type, ARRAY):
raise ValueError(
"Do not nest ARRAY types; ARRAY(basetype) "
"handles multi-dimensional arrays of basetype"
)
if isinstance(item_type, type):
item_type = item_type()
self.item_type = item_type
self.as_tuple = as_tuple
self.dimensions = dimensions
self.zero_indexes = zero_indexes
@property
def hashable(self):
return self.as_tuple
@property
def python_type(self):
return list
def compare_values(self, x, y):
return x == y
def _set_parent(self, column):
"""Support SchemaEventTarget"""
if isinstance(self.item_type, SchemaEventTarget):
self.item_type._set_parent(column)
def _set_parent_with_dispatch(self, parent):
"""Support SchemaEventTarget"""
super(ARRAY, self)._set_parent_with_dispatch(parent)
if isinstance(self.item_type, SchemaEventTarget):
self.item_type._set_parent_with_dispatch(parent)
class REAL(Float):
"""The SQL REAL type."""
__visit_name__ = "REAL"
class FLOAT(Float):
"""The SQL FLOAT type."""
__visit_name__ = "FLOAT"
class NUMERIC(Numeric):
"""The SQL NUMERIC type."""
__visit_name__ = "NUMERIC"
class DECIMAL(Numeric):
"""The SQL DECIMAL type."""
__visit_name__ = "DECIMAL"
class INTEGER(Integer):
"""The SQL INT or INTEGER type."""
__visit_name__ = "INTEGER"
INT = INTEGER
class SMALLINT(SmallInteger):
"""The SQL SMALLINT type."""
__visit_name__ = "SMALLINT"
class BIGINT(BigInteger):
"""The SQL BIGINT type."""
__visit_name__ = "BIGINT"
class TIMESTAMP(DateTime):
"""The SQL TIMESTAMP type.
:class:`_types.TIMESTAMP` datatypes have support for timezone
storage on some backends, such as PostgreSQL and Oracle. Use the
:paramref:`~types.TIMESTAMP.timezone` argument in order to enable
"TIMESTAMP WITH TIMEZONE" for these backends.
"""
__visit_name__ = "TIMESTAMP"
def __init__(self, timezone=False):
"""Construct a new :class:`_types.TIMESTAMP`.
:param timezone: boolean. Indicates that the TIMESTAMP type should
enable timezone support, if available on the target database.
On a per-dialect basis is similar to "TIMESTAMP WITH TIMEZONE".
If the target database does not support timezones, this flag is
ignored.
"""
super(TIMESTAMP, self).__init__(timezone=timezone)
def get_dbapi_type(self, dbapi):
return dbapi.TIMESTAMP
class DATETIME(DateTime):
"""The SQL DATETIME type."""
__visit_name__ = "DATETIME"
class DATE(Date):
"""The SQL DATE type."""
__visit_name__ = "DATE"
class TIME(Time):
"""The SQL TIME type."""
__visit_name__ = "TIME"
class TEXT(Text):
"""The SQL TEXT type."""
__visit_name__ = "TEXT"
class CLOB(Text):
"""The CLOB type.
This type is found in Oracle and Informix.
"""
__visit_name__ = "CLOB"
class VARCHAR(String):
"""The SQL VARCHAR type."""
__visit_name__ = "VARCHAR"
class NVARCHAR(Unicode):
"""The SQL NVARCHAR type."""
__visit_name__ = "NVARCHAR"
class CHAR(String):
"""The SQL CHAR type."""
__visit_name__ = "CHAR"
class NCHAR(Unicode):
"""The SQL NCHAR type."""
__visit_name__ = "NCHAR"
class BLOB(LargeBinary):
"""The SQL BLOB type."""
__visit_name__ = "BLOB"
class BINARY(_Binary):
"""The SQL BINARY type."""
__visit_name__ = "BINARY"
class VARBINARY(_Binary):
"""The SQL VARBINARY type."""
__visit_name__ = "VARBINARY"
class BOOLEAN(Boolean):
"""The SQL BOOLEAN type."""
__visit_name__ = "BOOLEAN"
class NullType(TypeEngine):
"""An unknown type.
:class:`.NullType` is used as a default type for those cases where
a type cannot be determined, including:
* During table reflection, when the type of a column is not recognized
by the :class:`.Dialect`
* When constructing SQL expressions using plain Python objects of
unknown types (e.g. ``somecolumn == my_special_object``)
* When a new :class:`_schema.Column` is created,
and the given type is passed
as ``None`` or is not passed at all.
The :class:`.NullType` can be used within SQL expression invocation
without issue, it just has no behavior either at the expression
construction level or at the bind-parameter/result processing level.
:class:`.NullType` will result in a :exc:`.CompileError` if the compiler
is asked to render the type itself, such as if it is used in a
:func:`.cast` operation or within a schema creation operation such as that
invoked by :meth:`_schema.MetaData.create_all` or the
:class:`.CreateTable`
construct.
"""
__visit_name__ = "null"
_isnull = True
hashable = False
def literal_processor(self, dialect):
def process(value):
return "NULL"
return process
class Comparator(TypeEngine.Comparator):
def _adapt_expression(self, op, other_comparator):
if isinstance(
other_comparator, NullType.Comparator
) or not operators.is_commutative(op):
return op, self.expr.type
else:
return other_comparator._adapt_expression(op, self)
comparator_factory = Comparator
class MatchType(Boolean):
"""Refers to the return type of the MATCH operator.
As the :meth:`.ColumnOperators.match` is probably the most open-ended
operator in generic SQLAlchemy Core, we can't assume the return type
at SQL evaluation time, as MySQL returns a floating point, not a boolean,
and other backends might do something different. So this type
acts as a placeholder, currently subclassing :class:`.Boolean`.
The type allows dialects to inject result-processing functionality
if needed, and on MySQL will return floating-point values.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.0
"""
NULLTYPE = NullType()
BOOLEANTYPE = Boolean()
STRINGTYPE = String()
INTEGERTYPE = Integer()
MATCHTYPE = MatchType()
_type_map = {
int: Integer(),
float: Float(),
bool: BOOLEANTYPE,
decimal.Decimal: Numeric(),
dt.date: Date(),
dt.datetime: DateTime(),
dt.time: Time(),
dt.timedelta: Interval(),
util.NoneType: NULLTYPE,
}
if util.py3k:
_type_map[bytes] = LargeBinary() # noqa
_type_map[str] = Unicode()
else:
_type_map[unicode] = Unicode() # noqa
_type_map[str] = String()
_type_map_get = _type_map.get
def _resolve_value_to_type(value):
_result_type = _type_map_get(type(value), False)
if _result_type is False:
# use inspect() to detect SQLAlchemy built-in
# objects.
insp = inspection.inspect(value, False)
if (
insp is not None
and
# foil mock.Mock() and other impostors by ensuring
# the inspection target itself self-inspects
insp.__class__ in inspection._registrars
):
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Object %r is not legal as a SQL literal value" % value
)
return NULLTYPE
else:
return _result_type
# back-assign to type_api
type_api.BOOLEANTYPE = BOOLEANTYPE
type_api.STRINGTYPE = STRINGTYPE
type_api.INTEGERTYPE = INTEGERTYPE
type_api.NULLTYPE = NULLTYPE
type_api.MATCHTYPE = MATCHTYPE
type_api.INDEXABLE = Indexable
type_api._resolve_value_to_type = _resolve_value_to_type
TypeEngine.Comparator.BOOLEANTYPE = BOOLEANTYPE
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/sqlalchemy
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/sqlalchemy/sql/operators.py
|
# sql/operators.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2020 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""Defines operators used in SQL expressions."""
from operator import add
from operator import and_
from operator import contains
from operator import eq
from operator import ge
from operator import getitem
from operator import gt
from operator import inv
from operator import le
from operator import lshift
from operator import lt
from operator import mod
from operator import mul
from operator import ne
from operator import neg
from operator import or_
from operator import rshift
from operator import sub
from operator import truediv
from .. import util
if util.py2k:
from operator import div
else:
div = truediv
class Operators(object):
"""Base of comparison and logical operators.
Implements base methods
:meth:`~sqlalchemy.sql.operators.Operators.operate` and
:meth:`~sqlalchemy.sql.operators.Operators.reverse_operate`, as well as
:meth:`~sqlalchemy.sql.operators.Operators.__and__`,
:meth:`~sqlalchemy.sql.operators.Operators.__or__`,
:meth:`~sqlalchemy.sql.operators.Operators.__invert__`.
Usually is used via its most common subclass
:class:`.ColumnOperators`.
"""
__slots__ = ()
def __and__(self, other):
"""Implement the ``&`` operator.
When used with SQL expressions, results in an
AND operation, equivalent to
:func:`_expression.and_`, that is::
a & b
is equivalent to::
from sqlalchemy import and_
and_(a, b)
Care should be taken when using ``&`` regarding
operator precedence; the ``&`` operator has the highest precedence.
The operands should be enclosed in parenthesis if they contain
further sub expressions::
(a == 2) & (b == 4)
"""
return self.operate(and_, other)
def __or__(self, other):
"""Implement the ``|`` operator.
When used with SQL expressions, results in an
OR operation, equivalent to
:func:`_expression.or_`, that is::
a | b
is equivalent to::
from sqlalchemy import or_
or_(a, b)
Care should be taken when using ``|`` regarding
operator precedence; the ``|`` operator has the highest precedence.
The operands should be enclosed in parenthesis if they contain
further sub expressions::
(a == 2) | (b == 4)
"""
return self.operate(or_, other)
def __invert__(self):
"""Implement the ``~`` operator.
When used with SQL expressions, results in a
NOT operation, equivalent to
:func:`_expression.not_`, that is::
~a
is equivalent to::
from sqlalchemy import not_
not_(a)
"""
return self.operate(inv)
def op(
self, opstring, precedence=0, is_comparison=False, return_type=None
):
"""produce a generic operator function.
e.g.::
somecolumn.op("*")(5)
produces::
somecolumn * 5
This function can also be used to make bitwise operators explicit. For
example::
somecolumn.op('&')(0xff)
is a bitwise AND of the value in ``somecolumn``.
:param operator: a string which will be output as the infix operator
between this element and the expression passed to the
generated function.
:param precedence: precedence to apply to the operator, when
parenthesizing expressions. A lower number will cause the expression
to be parenthesized when applied against another operator with
higher precedence. The default value of ``0`` is lower than all
operators except for the comma (``,``) and ``AS`` operators.
A value of 100 will be higher or equal to all operators, and -100
will be lower than or equal to all operators.
:param is_comparison: if True, the operator will be considered as a
"comparison" operator, that is which evaluates to a boolean
true/false value, like ``==``, ``>``, etc. This flag should be set
so that ORM relationships can establish that the operator is a
comparison operator when used in a custom join condition.
.. versionadded:: 0.9.2 - added the
:paramref:`.Operators.op.is_comparison` flag.
:param return_type: a :class:`.TypeEngine` class or object that will
force the return type of an expression produced by this operator
to be of that type. By default, operators that specify
:paramref:`.Operators.op.is_comparison` will resolve to
:class:`.Boolean`, and those that do not will be of the same
type as the left-hand operand.
.. versionadded:: 1.2.0b3 - added the
:paramref:`.Operators.op.return_type` argument.
.. seealso::
:ref:`types_operators`
:ref:`relationship_custom_operator`
"""
operator = custom_op(opstring, precedence, is_comparison, return_type)
def against(other):
return operator(self, other)
return against
def bool_op(self, opstring, precedence=0):
"""Return a custom boolean operator.
This method is shorthand for calling
:meth:`.Operators.op` and passing the
:paramref:`.Operators.op.is_comparison`
flag with True.
.. versionadded:: 1.2.0b3
.. seealso::
:meth:`.Operators.op`
"""
return self.op(opstring, precedence=precedence, is_comparison=True)
def operate(self, op, *other, **kwargs):
r"""Operate on an argument.
This is the lowest level of operation, raises
:class:`NotImplementedError` by default.
Overriding this on a subclass can allow common
behavior to be applied to all operations.
For example, overriding :class:`.ColumnOperators`
to apply ``func.lower()`` to the left and right
side::
class MyComparator(ColumnOperators):
def operate(self, op, other):
return op(func.lower(self), func.lower(other))
:param op: Operator callable.
:param \*other: the 'other' side of the operation. Will
be a single scalar for most operations.
:param \**kwargs: modifiers. These may be passed by special
operators such as :meth:`ColumnOperators.contains`.
"""
raise NotImplementedError(str(op))
def reverse_operate(self, op, other, **kwargs):
"""Reverse operate on an argument.
Usage is the same as :meth:`operate`.
"""
raise NotImplementedError(str(op))
class custom_op(object):
"""Represent a 'custom' operator.
:class:`.custom_op` is normally instantiated when the
:meth:`.Operators.op` or :meth:`.Operators.bool_op` methods
are used to create a custom operator callable. The class can also be
used directly when programmatically constructing expressions. E.g.
to represent the "factorial" operation::
from sqlalchemy.sql import UnaryExpression
from sqlalchemy.sql import operators
from sqlalchemy import Numeric
unary = UnaryExpression(table.c.somecolumn,
modifier=operators.custom_op("!"),
type_=Numeric)
.. seealso::
:meth:`.Operators.op`
:meth:`.Operators.bool_op`
"""
__name__ = "custom_op"
def __init__(
self,
opstring,
precedence=0,
is_comparison=False,
return_type=None,
natural_self_precedent=False,
eager_grouping=False,
):
self.opstring = opstring
self.precedence = precedence
self.is_comparison = is_comparison
self.natural_self_precedent = natural_self_precedent
self.eager_grouping = eager_grouping
self.return_type = (
return_type._to_instance(return_type) if return_type else None
)
def __eq__(self, other):
return isinstance(other, custom_op) and other.opstring == self.opstring
def __hash__(self):
return id(self)
def __call__(self, left, right, **kw):
return left.operate(self, right, **kw)
class ColumnOperators(Operators):
"""Defines boolean, comparison, and other operators for
:class:`_expression.ColumnElement` expressions.
By default, all methods call down to
:meth:`.operate` or :meth:`.reverse_operate`,
passing in the appropriate operator function from the
Python builtin ``operator`` module or
a SQLAlchemy-specific operator function from
:mod:`sqlalchemy.expression.operators`. For example
the ``__eq__`` function::
def __eq__(self, other):
return self.operate(operators.eq, other)
Where ``operators.eq`` is essentially::
def eq(a, b):
return a == b
The core column expression unit :class:`_expression.ColumnElement`
overrides :meth:`.Operators.operate` and others
to return further :class:`_expression.ColumnElement` constructs,
so that the ``==`` operation above is replaced by a clause
construct.
.. seealso::
:ref:`types_operators`
:attr:`.TypeEngine.comparator_factory`
:class:`.ColumnOperators`
:class:`.PropComparator`
"""
__slots__ = ()
timetuple = None
"""Hack, allows datetime objects to be compared on the LHS."""
def __lt__(self, other):
"""Implement the ``<`` operator.
In a column context, produces the clause ``a < b``.
"""
return self.operate(lt, other)
def __le__(self, other):
"""Implement the ``<=`` operator.
In a column context, produces the clause ``a <= b``.
"""
return self.operate(le, other)
__hash__ = Operators.__hash__
def __eq__(self, other):
"""Implement the ``==`` operator.
In a column context, produces the clause ``a = b``.
If the target is ``None``, produces ``a IS NULL``.
"""
return self.operate(eq, other)
def __ne__(self, other):
"""Implement the ``!=`` operator.
In a column context, produces the clause ``a != b``.
If the target is ``None``, produces ``a IS NOT NULL``.
"""
return self.operate(ne, other)
def is_distinct_from(self, other):
"""Implement the ``IS DISTINCT FROM`` operator.
Renders "a IS DISTINCT FROM b" on most platforms;
on some such as SQLite may render "a IS NOT b".
.. versionadded:: 1.1
"""
return self.operate(is_distinct_from, other)
def isnot_distinct_from(self, other):
"""Implement the ``IS NOT DISTINCT FROM`` operator.
Renders "a IS NOT DISTINCT FROM b" on most platforms;
on some such as SQLite may render "a IS b".
.. versionadded:: 1.1
"""
return self.operate(isnot_distinct_from, other)
def __gt__(self, other):
"""Implement the ``>`` operator.
In a column context, produces the clause ``a > b``.
"""
return self.operate(gt, other)
def __ge__(self, other):
"""Implement the ``>=`` operator.
In a column context, produces the clause ``a >= b``.
"""
return self.operate(ge, other)
def __neg__(self):
"""Implement the ``-`` operator.
In a column context, produces the clause ``-a``.
"""
return self.operate(neg)
def __contains__(self, other):
return self.operate(contains, other)
def __getitem__(self, index):
"""Implement the [] operator.
This can be used by some database-specific types
such as PostgreSQL ARRAY and HSTORE.
"""
return self.operate(getitem, index)
def __lshift__(self, other):
"""implement the << operator.
Not used by SQLAlchemy core, this is provided
for custom operator systems which want to use
<< as an extension point.
"""
return self.operate(lshift, other)
def __rshift__(self, other):
"""implement the >> operator.
Not used by SQLAlchemy core, this is provided
for custom operator systems which want to use
>> as an extension point.
"""
return self.operate(rshift, other)
def concat(self, other):
"""Implement the 'concat' operator.
In a column context, produces the clause ``a || b``,
or uses the ``concat()`` operator on MySQL.
"""
return self.operate(concat_op, other)
def like(self, other, escape=None):
r"""Implement the ``like`` operator.
In a column context, produces the expression::
a LIKE other
E.g.::
stmt = select([sometable]).\
where(sometable.c.column.like("%foobar%"))
:param other: expression to be compared
:param escape: optional escape character, renders the ``ESCAPE``
keyword, e.g.::
somecolumn.like("foo/%bar", escape="/")
.. seealso::
:meth:`.ColumnOperators.ilike`
"""
return self.operate(like_op, other, escape=escape)
def ilike(self, other, escape=None):
r"""Implement the ``ilike`` operator, e.g. case insensitive LIKE.
In a column context, produces an expression either of the form::
lower(a) LIKE lower(other)
Or on backends that support the ILIKE operator::
a ILIKE other
E.g.::
stmt = select([sometable]).\
where(sometable.c.column.ilike("%foobar%"))
:param other: expression to be compared
:param escape: optional escape character, renders the ``ESCAPE``
keyword, e.g.::
somecolumn.ilike("foo/%bar", escape="/")
.. seealso::
:meth:`.ColumnOperators.like`
"""
return self.operate(ilike_op, other, escape=escape)
def in_(self, other):
"""Implement the ``in`` operator.
In a column context, produces the clause ``column IN <other>``.
The given parameter ``other`` may be:
* A list of literal values, e.g.::
stmt.where(column.in_([1, 2, 3]))
In this calling form, the list of items is converted to a set of
bound parameters the same length as the list given::
WHERE COL IN (?, ?, ?)
* A list of tuples may be provided if the comparison is against a
:func:`.tuple_` containing multiple expressions::
from sqlalchemy import tuple_
stmt.where(tuple_(col1, col2).in_([(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]))
* An empty list, e.g.::
stmt.where(column.in_([]))
In this calling form, the expression renders a "false" expression,
e.g.::
WHERE 1 != 1
This "false" expression has historically had different behaviors
in older SQLAlchemy versions, see
:paramref:`_sa.create_engine.empty_in_strategy`
for behavioral options.
.. versionchanged:: 1.2 simplified the behavior of "empty in"
expressions
* A bound parameter, e.g. :func:`.bindparam`, may be used if it
includes the :paramref:`.bindparam.expanding` flag::
stmt.where(column.in_(bindparam('value', expanding=True)))
In this calling form, the expression renders a special non-SQL
placeholder expression that looks like::
WHERE COL IN ([EXPANDING_value])
This placeholder expression is intercepted at statement execution
time to be converted into the variable number of bound parameter
form illustrated earlier. If the statement were executed as::
connection.execute(stmt, {"value": [1, 2, 3]})
The database would be passed a bound parameter for each value::
WHERE COL IN (?, ?, ?)
.. versionadded:: 1.2 added "expanding" bound parameters
If an empty list is passed, a special "empty list" expression,
which is specific to the database in use, is rendered. On
SQLite this would be::
WHERE COL IN (SELECT 1 FROM (SELECT 1) WHERE 1!=1)
.. versionadded:: 1.3 "expanding" bound parameters now support
empty lists
* a :func:`_expression.select` construct,
which is usually a correlated
scalar select::
stmt.where(
column.in_(
select([othertable.c.y]).
where(table.c.x == othertable.c.x)
)
)
In this calling form, :meth:`.ColumnOperators.in_` renders as given::
WHERE COL IN (SELECT othertable.y
FROM othertable WHERE othertable.x = table.x)
:param other: a list of literals, a :func:`_expression.select`
construct,
or a :func:`.bindparam` construct that includes the
:paramref:`.bindparam.expanding` flag set to True.
"""
return self.operate(in_op, other)
def notin_(self, other):
"""implement the ``NOT IN`` operator.
This is equivalent to using negation with
:meth:`.ColumnOperators.in_`, i.e. ``~x.in_(y)``.
In the case that ``other`` is an empty sequence, the compiler
produces an "empty not in" expression. This defaults to the
expression "1 = 1" to produce true in all cases. The
:paramref:`_sa.create_engine.empty_in_strategy` may be used to
alter this behavior.
.. versionchanged:: 1.2 The :meth:`.ColumnOperators.in_` and
:meth:`.ColumnOperators.notin_` operators
now produce a "static" expression for an empty IN sequence
by default.
.. seealso::
:meth:`.ColumnOperators.in_`
"""
return self.operate(notin_op, other)
def notlike(self, other, escape=None):
"""implement the ``NOT LIKE`` operator.
This is equivalent to using negation with
:meth:`.ColumnOperators.like`, i.e. ``~x.like(y)``.
.. seealso::
:meth:`.ColumnOperators.like`
"""
return self.operate(notlike_op, other, escape=escape)
def notilike(self, other, escape=None):
"""implement the ``NOT ILIKE`` operator.
This is equivalent to using negation with
:meth:`.ColumnOperators.ilike`, i.e. ``~x.ilike(y)``.
.. seealso::
:meth:`.ColumnOperators.ilike`
"""
return self.operate(notilike_op, other, escape=escape)
def is_(self, other):
"""Implement the ``IS`` operator.
Normally, ``IS`` is generated automatically when comparing to a
value of ``None``, which resolves to ``NULL``. However, explicit
usage of ``IS`` may be desirable if comparing to boolean values
on certain platforms.
.. seealso:: :meth:`.ColumnOperators.isnot`
"""
return self.operate(is_, other)
def isnot(self, other):
"""Implement the ``IS NOT`` operator.
Normally, ``IS NOT`` is generated automatically when comparing to a
value of ``None``, which resolves to ``NULL``. However, explicit
usage of ``IS NOT`` may be desirable if comparing to boolean values
on certain platforms.
.. seealso:: :meth:`.ColumnOperators.is_`
"""
return self.operate(isnot, other)
def startswith(self, other, **kwargs):
r"""Implement the ``startswith`` operator.
Produces a LIKE expression that tests against a match for the start
of a string value::
column LIKE <other> || '%'
E.g.::
stmt = select([sometable]).\
where(sometable.c.column.startswith("foobar"))
Since the operator uses ``LIKE``, wildcard characters
``"%"`` and ``"_"`` that are present inside the <other> expression
will behave like wildcards as well. For literal string
values, the :paramref:`.ColumnOperators.startswith.autoescape` flag
may be set to ``True`` to apply escaping to occurrences of these
characters within the string value so that they match as themselves
and not as wildcard characters. Alternatively, the
:paramref:`.ColumnOperators.startswith.escape` parameter will establish
a given character as an escape character which can be of use when
the target expression is not a literal string.
:param other: expression to be compared. This is usually a plain
string value, but can also be an arbitrary SQL expression. LIKE
wildcard characters ``%`` and ``_`` are not escaped by default unless
the :paramref:`.ColumnOperators.startswith.autoescape` flag is
set to True.
:param autoescape: boolean; when True, establishes an escape character
within the LIKE expression, then applies it to all occurrences of
``"%"``, ``"_"`` and the escape character itself within the
comparison value, which is assumed to be a literal string and not a
SQL expression.
An expression such as::
somecolumn.startswith("foo%bar", autoescape=True)
Will render as::
somecolumn LIKE :param || '%' ESCAPE '/'
With the value of :param as ``"foo/%bar"``.
.. versionadded:: 1.2
.. versionchanged:: 1.2.0 The
:paramref:`.ColumnOperators.startswith.autoescape` parameter is
now a simple boolean rather than a character; the escape
character itself is also escaped, and defaults to a forwards
slash, which itself can be customized using the
:paramref:`.ColumnOperators.startswith.escape` parameter.
:param escape: a character which when given will render with the
``ESCAPE`` keyword to establish that character as the escape
character. This character can then be placed preceding occurrences
of ``%`` and ``_`` to allow them to act as themselves and not
wildcard characters.
An expression such as::
somecolumn.startswith("foo/%bar", escape="^")
Will render as::
somecolumn LIKE :param || '%' ESCAPE '^'
The parameter may also be combined with
:paramref:`.ColumnOperators.startswith.autoescape`::
somecolumn.startswith("foo%bar^bat", escape="^", autoescape=True)
Where above, the given literal parameter will be converted to
``"foo^%bar^^bat"`` before being passed to the database.
.. seealso::
:meth:`.ColumnOperators.endswith`
:meth:`.ColumnOperators.contains`
:meth:`.ColumnOperators.like`
"""
return self.operate(startswith_op, other, **kwargs)
def endswith(self, other, **kwargs):
r"""Implement the 'endswith' operator.
Produces a LIKE expression that tests against a match for the end
of a string value::
column LIKE '%' || <other>
E.g.::
stmt = select([sometable]).\
where(sometable.c.column.endswith("foobar"))
Since the operator uses ``LIKE``, wildcard characters
``"%"`` and ``"_"`` that are present inside the <other> expression
will behave like wildcards as well. For literal string
values, the :paramref:`.ColumnOperators.endswith.autoescape` flag
may be set to ``True`` to apply escaping to occurrences of these
characters within the string value so that they match as themselves
and not as wildcard characters. Alternatively, the
:paramref:`.ColumnOperators.endswith.escape` parameter will establish
a given character as an escape character which can be of use when
the target expression is not a literal string.
:param other: expression to be compared. This is usually a plain
string value, but can also be an arbitrary SQL expression. LIKE
wildcard characters ``%`` and ``_`` are not escaped by default unless
the :paramref:`.ColumnOperators.endswith.autoescape` flag is
set to True.
:param autoescape: boolean; when True, establishes an escape character
within the LIKE expression, then applies it to all occurrences of
``"%"``, ``"_"`` and the escape character itself within the
comparison value, which is assumed to be a literal string and not a
SQL expression.
An expression such as::
somecolumn.endswith("foo%bar", autoescape=True)
Will render as::
somecolumn LIKE '%' || :param ESCAPE '/'
With the value of :param as ``"foo/%bar"``.
.. versionadded:: 1.2
.. versionchanged:: 1.2.0 The
:paramref:`.ColumnOperators.endswith.autoescape` parameter is
now a simple boolean rather than a character; the escape
character itself is also escaped, and defaults to a forwards
slash, which itself can be customized using the
:paramref:`.ColumnOperators.endswith.escape` parameter.
:param escape: a character which when given will render with the
``ESCAPE`` keyword to establish that character as the escape
character. This character can then be placed preceding occurrences
of ``%`` and ``_`` to allow them to act as themselves and not
wildcard characters.
An expression such as::
somecolumn.endswith("foo/%bar", escape="^")
Will render as::
somecolumn LIKE '%' || :param ESCAPE '^'
The parameter may also be combined with
:paramref:`.ColumnOperators.endswith.autoescape`::
somecolumn.endswith("foo%bar^bat", escape="^", autoescape=True)
Where above, the given literal parameter will be converted to
``"foo^%bar^^bat"`` before being passed to the database.
.. seealso::
:meth:`.ColumnOperators.startswith`
:meth:`.ColumnOperators.contains`
:meth:`.ColumnOperators.like`
"""
return self.operate(endswith_op, other, **kwargs)
def contains(self, other, **kwargs):
r"""Implement the 'contains' operator.
Produces a LIKE expression that tests against a match for the middle
of a string value::
column LIKE '%' || <other> || '%'
E.g.::
stmt = select([sometable]).\
where(sometable.c.column.contains("foobar"))
Since the operator uses ``LIKE``, wildcard characters
``"%"`` and ``"_"`` that are present inside the <other> expression
will behave like wildcards as well. For literal string
values, the :paramref:`.ColumnOperators.contains.autoescape` flag
may be set to ``True`` to apply escaping to occurrences of these
characters within the string value so that they match as themselves
and not as wildcard characters. Alternatively, the
:paramref:`.ColumnOperators.contains.escape` parameter will establish
a given character as an escape character which can be of use when
the target expression is not a literal string.
:param other: expression to be compared. This is usually a plain
string value, but can also be an arbitrary SQL expression. LIKE
wildcard characters ``%`` and ``_`` are not escaped by default unless
the :paramref:`.ColumnOperators.contains.autoescape` flag is
set to True.
:param autoescape: boolean; when True, establishes an escape character
within the LIKE expression, then applies it to all occurrences of
``"%"``, ``"_"`` and the escape character itself within the
comparison value, which is assumed to be a literal string and not a
SQL expression.
An expression such as::
somecolumn.contains("foo%bar", autoescape=True)
Will render as::
somecolumn LIKE '%' || :param || '%' ESCAPE '/'
With the value of :param as ``"foo/%bar"``.
.. versionadded:: 1.2
.. versionchanged:: 1.2.0 The
:paramref:`.ColumnOperators.contains.autoescape` parameter is
now a simple boolean rather than a character; the escape
character itself is also escaped, and defaults to a forwards
slash, which itself can be customized using the
:paramref:`.ColumnOperators.contains.escape` parameter.
:param escape: a character which when given will render with the
``ESCAPE`` keyword to establish that character as the escape
character. This character can then be placed preceding occurrences
of ``%`` and ``_`` to allow them to act as themselves and not
wildcard characters.
An expression such as::
somecolumn.contains("foo/%bar", escape="^")
Will render as::
somecolumn LIKE '%' || :param || '%' ESCAPE '^'
The parameter may also be combined with
:paramref:`.ColumnOperators.contains.autoescape`::
somecolumn.contains("foo%bar^bat", escape="^", autoescape=True)
Where above, the given literal parameter will be converted to
``"foo^%bar^^bat"`` before being passed to the database.
.. seealso::
:meth:`.ColumnOperators.startswith`
:meth:`.ColumnOperators.endswith`
:meth:`.ColumnOperators.like`
"""
return self.operate(contains_op, other, **kwargs)
def match(self, other, **kwargs):
"""Implements a database-specific 'match' operator.
:meth:`~.ColumnOperators.match` attempts to resolve to
a MATCH-like function or operator provided by the backend.
Examples include:
* PostgreSQL - renders ``x @@ to_tsquery(y)``
* MySQL - renders ``MATCH (x) AGAINST (y IN BOOLEAN MODE)``
* Oracle - renders ``CONTAINS(x, y)``
* other backends may provide special implementations.
* Backends without any special implementation will emit
the operator as "MATCH". This is compatible with SQLite, for
example.
"""
return self.operate(match_op, other, **kwargs)
def desc(self):
"""Produce a :func:`_expression.desc` clause against the
parent object."""
return self.operate(desc_op)
def asc(self):
"""Produce a :func:`_expression.asc` clause against the
parent object."""
return self.operate(asc_op)
def nullsfirst(self):
"""Produce a :func:`_expression.nullsfirst` clause against the
parent object."""
return self.operate(nullsfirst_op)
def nullslast(self):
"""Produce a :func:`_expression.nullslast` clause against the
parent object."""
return self.operate(nullslast_op)
def collate(self, collation):
"""Produce a :func:`_expression.collate` clause against
the parent object, given the collation string.
.. seealso::
:func:`_expression.collate`
"""
return self.operate(collate, collation)
def __radd__(self, other):
"""Implement the ``+`` operator in reverse.
See :meth:`.ColumnOperators.__add__`.
"""
return self.reverse_operate(add, other)
def __rsub__(self, other):
"""Implement the ``-`` operator in reverse.
See :meth:`.ColumnOperators.__sub__`.
"""
return self.reverse_operate(sub, other)
def __rmul__(self, other):
"""Implement the ``*`` operator in reverse.
See :meth:`.ColumnOperators.__mul__`.
"""
return self.reverse_operate(mul, other)
def __rdiv__(self, other):
"""Implement the ``/`` operator in reverse.
See :meth:`.ColumnOperators.__div__`.
"""
return self.reverse_operate(div, other)
def __rmod__(self, other):
"""Implement the ``%`` operator in reverse.
See :meth:`.ColumnOperators.__mod__`.
"""
return self.reverse_operate(mod, other)
def between(self, cleft, cright, symmetric=False):
"""Produce a :func:`_expression.between` clause against
the parent object, given the lower and upper range.
"""
return self.operate(between_op, cleft, cright, symmetric=symmetric)
def distinct(self):
"""Produce a :func:`_expression.distinct` clause against the
parent object.
"""
return self.operate(distinct_op)
def any_(self):
"""Produce a :func:`_expression.any_` clause against the
parent object.
This operator is only appropriate against a scalar subquery
object, or for some backends an column expression that is
against the ARRAY type, e.g.::
# postgresql '5 = ANY (somearray)'
expr = 5 == mytable.c.somearray.any_()
# mysql '5 = ANY (SELECT value FROM table)'
expr = 5 == select([table.c.value]).as_scalar().any_()
.. seealso::
:func:`_expression.any_` - standalone version
:func:`_expression.all_` - ALL operator
.. versionadded:: 1.1
"""
return self.operate(any_op)
def all_(self):
"""Produce a :func:`_expression.all_` clause against the
parent object.
This operator is only appropriate against a scalar subquery
object, or for some backends an column expression that is
against the ARRAY type, e.g.::
# postgresql '5 = ALL (somearray)'
expr = 5 == mytable.c.somearray.all_()
# mysql '5 = ALL (SELECT value FROM table)'
expr = 5 == select([table.c.value]).as_scalar().all_()
.. seealso::
:func:`_expression.all_` - standalone version
:func:`_expression.any_` - ANY operator
.. versionadded:: 1.1
"""
return self.operate(all_op)
def __add__(self, other):
"""Implement the ``+`` operator.
In a column context, produces the clause ``a + b``
if the parent object has non-string affinity.
If the parent object has a string affinity,
produces the concatenation operator, ``a || b`` -
see :meth:`.ColumnOperators.concat`.
"""
return self.operate(add, other)
def __sub__(self, other):
"""Implement the ``-`` operator.
In a column context, produces the clause ``a - b``.
"""
return self.operate(sub, other)
def __mul__(self, other):
"""Implement the ``*`` operator.
In a column context, produces the clause ``a * b``.
"""
return self.operate(mul, other)
def __div__(self, other):
"""Implement the ``/`` operator.
In a column context, produces the clause ``a / b``.
"""
return self.operate(div, other)
def __mod__(self, other):
"""Implement the ``%`` operator.
In a column context, produces the clause ``a % b``.
"""
return self.operate(mod, other)
def __truediv__(self, other):
"""Implement the ``//`` operator.
In a column context, produces the clause ``a / b``.
"""
return self.operate(truediv, other)
def __rtruediv__(self, other):
"""Implement the ``//`` operator in reverse.
See :meth:`.ColumnOperators.__truediv__`.
"""
return self.reverse_operate(truediv, other)
_commutative = {eq, ne, add, mul}
_comparison = {eq, ne, lt, gt, ge, le}
def commutative_op(fn):
_commutative.add(fn)
return fn
def comparison_op(fn):
_comparison.add(fn)
return fn
def from_():
raise NotImplementedError()
@comparison_op
def function_as_comparison_op():
raise NotImplementedError()
def as_():
raise NotImplementedError()
def exists():
raise NotImplementedError()
def istrue(a):
raise NotImplementedError()
def isfalse(a):
raise NotImplementedError()
@comparison_op
def is_distinct_from(a, b):
return a.is_distinct_from(b)
@comparison_op
def isnot_distinct_from(a, b):
return a.isnot_distinct_from(b)
@comparison_op
def is_(a, b):
return a.is_(b)
@comparison_op
def isnot(a, b):
return a.isnot(b)
def collate(a, b):
return a.collate(b)
def op(a, opstring, b):
return a.op(opstring)(b)
@comparison_op
def like_op(a, b, escape=None):
return a.like(b, escape=escape)
@comparison_op
def notlike_op(a, b, escape=None):
return a.notlike(b, escape=escape)
@comparison_op
def ilike_op(a, b, escape=None):
return a.ilike(b, escape=escape)
@comparison_op
def notilike_op(a, b, escape=None):
return a.notilike(b, escape=escape)
@comparison_op
def between_op(a, b, c, symmetric=False):
return a.between(b, c, symmetric=symmetric)
@comparison_op
def notbetween_op(a, b, c, symmetric=False):
return a.notbetween(b, c, symmetric=symmetric)
@comparison_op
def in_op(a, b):
return a.in_(b)
@comparison_op
def notin_op(a, b):
return a.notin_(b)
def distinct_op(a):
return a.distinct()
def any_op(a):
return a.any_()
def all_op(a):
return a.all_()
def _escaped_like_impl(fn, other, escape, autoescape):
if autoescape:
if autoescape is not True:
util.warn(
"The autoescape parameter is now a simple boolean True/False"
)
if escape is None:
escape = "/"
if not isinstance(other, util.compat.string_types):
raise TypeError("String value expected when autoescape=True")
if escape not in ("%", "_"):
other = other.replace(escape, escape + escape)
other = other.replace("%", escape + "%").replace("_", escape + "_")
return fn(other, escape=escape)
@comparison_op
def startswith_op(a, b, escape=None, autoescape=False):
return _escaped_like_impl(a.startswith, b, escape, autoescape)
@comparison_op
def notstartswith_op(a, b, escape=None, autoescape=False):
return ~_escaped_like_impl(a.startswith, b, escape, autoescape)
@comparison_op
def endswith_op(a, b, escape=None, autoescape=False):
return _escaped_like_impl(a.endswith, b, escape, autoescape)
@comparison_op
def notendswith_op(a, b, escape=None, autoescape=False):
return ~_escaped_like_impl(a.endswith, b, escape, autoescape)
@comparison_op
def contains_op(a, b, escape=None, autoescape=False):
return _escaped_like_impl(a.contains, b, escape, autoescape)
@comparison_op
def notcontains_op(a, b, escape=None, autoescape=False):
return ~_escaped_like_impl(a.contains, b, escape, autoescape)
@comparison_op
def match_op(a, b, **kw):
return a.match(b, **kw)
@comparison_op
def notmatch_op(a, b, **kw):
return a.notmatch(b, **kw)
def comma_op(a, b):
raise NotImplementedError()
@comparison_op
def empty_in_op(a, b):
raise NotImplementedError()
@comparison_op
def empty_notin_op(a, b):
raise NotImplementedError()
def filter_op(a, b):
raise NotImplementedError()
def concat_op(a, b):
return a.concat(b)
def desc_op(a):
return a.desc()
def asc_op(a):
return a.asc()
def nullsfirst_op(a):
return a.nullsfirst()
def nullslast_op(a):
return a.nullslast()
def json_getitem_op(a, b):
raise NotImplementedError()
def json_path_getitem_op(a, b):
raise NotImplementedError()
def is_comparison(op):
return op in _comparison or isinstance(op, custom_op) and op.is_comparison
def is_commutative(op):
return op in _commutative
def is_ordering_modifier(op):
return op in (asc_op, desc_op, nullsfirst_op, nullslast_op)
def is_natural_self_precedent(op):
return (
op in _natural_self_precedent
or isinstance(op, custom_op)
and op.natural_self_precedent
)
_booleans = (inv, istrue, isfalse, and_, or_)
def is_boolean(op):
return is_comparison(op) or op in _booleans
_mirror = {gt: lt, ge: le, lt: gt, le: ge}
def mirror(op):
"""rotate a comparison operator 180 degrees.
Note this is not the same as negation.
"""
return _mirror.get(op, op)
_associative = _commutative.union([concat_op, and_, or_]).difference([eq, ne])
_natural_self_precedent = _associative.union(
[getitem, json_getitem_op, json_path_getitem_op]
)
"""Operators where if we have (a op b) op c, we don't want to
parenthesize (a op b).
"""
_asbool = util.symbol("_asbool", canonical=-10)
_smallest = util.symbol("_smallest", canonical=-100)
_largest = util.symbol("_largest", canonical=100)
_PRECEDENCE = {
from_: 15,
function_as_comparison_op: 15,
any_op: 15,
all_op: 15,
getitem: 15,
json_getitem_op: 15,
json_path_getitem_op: 15,
mul: 8,
truediv: 8,
div: 8,
mod: 8,
neg: 8,
add: 7,
sub: 7,
concat_op: 6,
filter_op: 6,
match_op: 5,
notmatch_op: 5,
ilike_op: 5,
notilike_op: 5,
like_op: 5,
notlike_op: 5,
in_op: 5,
notin_op: 5,
is_: 5,
isnot: 5,
eq: 5,
ne: 5,
is_distinct_from: 5,
isnot_distinct_from: 5,
empty_in_op: 5,
empty_notin_op: 5,
gt: 5,
lt: 5,
ge: 5,
le: 5,
between_op: 5,
notbetween_op: 5,
distinct_op: 5,
inv: 5,
istrue: 5,
isfalse: 5,
and_: 3,
or_: 2,
comma_op: -1,
desc_op: 3,
asc_op: 3,
collate: 4,
as_: -1,
exists: 0,
_asbool: -10,
_smallest: _smallest,
_largest: _largest,
}
def is_precedent(operator, against):
if operator is against and is_natural_self_precedent(operator):
return False
else:
return _PRECEDENCE.get(
operator, getattr(operator, "precedence", _smallest)
) <= _PRECEDENCE.get(against, getattr(against, "precedence", _largest))
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/sqlalchemy
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/sqlalchemy/sql/selectable.py
|
# sql/selectable.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2020 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""The :class:`_expression.FromClause` class of SQL expression elements,
representing
SQL tables and derived rowsets.
"""
import collections
import itertools
import operator
from operator import attrgetter
from sqlalchemy.sql.visitors import Visitable
from . import operators
from . import type_api
from .annotation import Annotated
from .base import _from_objects
from .base import _generative
from .base import ColumnCollection
from .base import ColumnSet
from .base import Executable
from .base import Generative
from .base import Immutable
from .elements import _anonymous_label
from .elements import _clause_element_as_expr
from .elements import _clone
from .elements import _cloned_difference
from .elements import _cloned_intersection
from .elements import _document_text_coercion
from .elements import _expand_cloned
from .elements import _interpret_as_column_or_from
from .elements import _literal_and_labels_as_label_reference
from .elements import _literal_as_label_reference
from .elements import _literal_as_text
from .elements import _no_text_coercion
from .elements import _select_iterables
from .elements import and_
from .elements import BindParameter
from .elements import ClauseElement
from .elements import ClauseList
from .elements import Grouping
from .elements import literal_column
from .elements import True_
from .elements import UnaryExpression
from .. import exc
from .. import inspection
from .. import util
def _interpret_as_from(element):
insp = inspection.inspect(element, raiseerr=False)
if insp is None:
if isinstance(element, util.string_types):
_no_text_coercion(element)
try:
return insp.selectable
except AttributeError as err:
util.raise_(
exc.ArgumentError("FROM expression expected"), replace_context=err
)
def _interpret_as_select(element):
element = _interpret_as_from(element)
if isinstance(element, Alias):
element = element.original
if not isinstance(element, SelectBase):
element = element.select()
return element
class _OffsetLimitParam(BindParameter):
@property
def _limit_offset_value(self):
return self.effective_value
def _offset_or_limit_clause(element, name=None, type_=None):
"""Convert the given value to an "offset or limit" clause.
This handles incoming integers and converts to an expression; if
an expression is already given, it is passed through.
"""
if element is None:
return None
elif hasattr(element, "__clause_element__"):
return element.__clause_element__()
elif isinstance(element, Visitable):
return element
else:
value = util.asint(element)
return _OffsetLimitParam(name, value, type_=type_, unique=True)
def _offset_or_limit_clause_asint(clause, attrname):
"""Convert the "offset or limit" clause of a select construct to an
integer.
This is only possible if the value is stored as a simple bound parameter.
Otherwise, a compilation error is raised.
"""
if clause is None:
return None
try:
value = clause._limit_offset_value
except AttributeError as err:
util.raise_(
exc.CompileError(
"This SELECT structure does not use a simple "
"integer value for %s" % attrname
),
replace_context=err,
)
else:
return util.asint(value)
def subquery(alias, *args, **kwargs):
r"""Return an :class:`_expression.Alias` object derived
from a :class:`_expression.Select`.
name
alias name
\*args, \**kwargs
all other arguments are delivered to the
:func:`select` function.
"""
return Select(*args, **kwargs).alias(alias)
class Selectable(ClauseElement):
"""mark a class as being selectable"""
__visit_name__ = "selectable"
is_selectable = True
@property
def selectable(self):
return self
class HasPrefixes(object):
_prefixes = ()
@_generative
@_document_text_coercion(
"expr",
":meth:`_expression.HasPrefixes.prefix_with`",
":paramref:`.HasPrefixes.prefix_with.*expr`",
)
def prefix_with(self, *expr, **kw):
r"""Add one or more expressions following the statement keyword, i.e.
SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE. Generative.
This is used to support backend-specific prefix keywords such as those
provided by MySQL.
E.g.::
stmt = table.insert().prefix_with("LOW_PRIORITY", dialect="mysql")
# MySQL 5.7 optimizer hints
stmt = select([table]).prefix_with(
"/*+ BKA(t1) */", dialect="mysql")
Multiple prefixes can be specified by multiple calls
to :meth:`_expression.HasPrefixes.prefix_with`.
:param \*expr: textual or :class:`_expression.ClauseElement`
construct which
will be rendered following the INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
keyword.
:param \**kw: A single keyword 'dialect' is accepted. This is an
optional string dialect name which will
limit rendering of this prefix to only that dialect.
"""
dialect = kw.pop("dialect", None)
if kw:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Unsupported argument(s): %s" % ",".join(kw)
)
self._setup_prefixes(expr, dialect)
def _setup_prefixes(self, prefixes, dialect=None):
self._prefixes = self._prefixes + tuple(
[
(_literal_as_text(p, allow_coercion_to_text=True), dialect)
for p in prefixes
]
)
class HasSuffixes(object):
_suffixes = ()
@_generative
@_document_text_coercion(
"expr",
":meth:`_expression.HasSuffixes.suffix_with`",
":paramref:`.HasSuffixes.suffix_with.*expr`",
)
def suffix_with(self, *expr, **kw):
r"""Add one or more expressions following the statement as a whole.
This is used to support backend-specific suffix keywords on
certain constructs.
E.g.::
stmt = select([col1, col2]).cte().suffix_with(
"cycle empno set y_cycle to 1 default 0", dialect="oracle")
Multiple suffixes can be specified by multiple calls
to :meth:`_expression.HasSuffixes.suffix_with`.
:param \*expr: textual or :class:`_expression.ClauseElement`
construct which
will be rendered following the target clause.
:param \**kw: A single keyword 'dialect' is accepted. This is an
optional string dialect name which will
limit rendering of this suffix to only that dialect.
"""
dialect = kw.pop("dialect", None)
if kw:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Unsupported argument(s): %s" % ",".join(kw)
)
self._setup_suffixes(expr, dialect)
def _setup_suffixes(self, suffixes, dialect=None):
self._suffixes = self._suffixes + tuple(
[
(_literal_as_text(p, allow_coercion_to_text=True), dialect)
for p in suffixes
]
)
class FromClause(Selectable):
"""Represent an element that can be used within the ``FROM``
clause of a ``SELECT`` statement.
The most common forms of :class:`_expression.FromClause` are the
:class:`_schema.Table` and the :func:`_expression.select` constructs. Key
features common to all :class:`_expression.FromClause` objects include:
* a :attr:`.c` collection, which provides per-name access to a collection
of :class:`_expression.ColumnElement` objects.
* a :attr:`.primary_key` attribute, which is a collection of all those
:class:`_expression.ColumnElement`
objects that indicate the ``primary_key`` flag.
* Methods to generate various derivations of a "from" clause, including
:meth:`_expression.FromClause.alias`,
:meth:`_expression.FromClause.join`,
:meth:`_expression.FromClause.select`.
"""
__visit_name__ = "fromclause"
named_with_column = False
_hide_froms = []
_is_join = False
_is_select = False
_is_from_container = False
_is_lateral = False
_textual = False
"""a marker that allows us to easily distinguish a :class:`.TextAsFrom`
or similar object from other kinds of :class:`_expression.FromClause`
objects."""
schema = None
"""Define the 'schema' attribute for this :class:`_expression.FromClause`.
This is typically ``None`` for most objects except that of
:class:`_schema.Table`, where it is taken as the value of the
:paramref:`_schema.Table.schema` argument.
"""
def _translate_schema(self, effective_schema, map_):
return effective_schema
_memoized_property = util.group_expirable_memoized_property(["_columns"])
@util.deprecated(
"1.1",
message="The :meth:`.FromClause.count` method is deprecated, "
"and will be removed in a future release. Please use the "
":class:`_functions.count` function available from the "
":attr:`.func` namespace.",
)
@util.dependencies("sqlalchemy.sql.functions")
def count(self, functions, whereclause=None, **params):
"""return a SELECT COUNT generated against this
:class:`_expression.FromClause`.
.. seealso::
:class:`_functions.count`
"""
if self.primary_key:
col = list(self.primary_key)[0]
else:
col = list(self.columns)[0]
return Select(
[functions.func.count(col).label("tbl_row_count")],
whereclause,
from_obj=[self],
**params
)
def select(self, whereclause=None, **params):
"""return a SELECT of this :class:`_expression.FromClause`.
.. seealso::
:func:`_expression.select` - general purpose
method which allows for arbitrary column lists.
"""
return Select([self], whereclause, **params)
def join(self, right, onclause=None, isouter=False, full=False):
"""Return a :class:`_expression.Join` from this
:class:`_expression.FromClause`
to another :class:`FromClause`.
E.g.::
from sqlalchemy import join
j = user_table.join(address_table,
user_table.c.id == address_table.c.user_id)
stmt = select([user_table]).select_from(j)
would emit SQL along the lines of::
SELECT user.id, user.name FROM user
JOIN address ON user.id = address.user_id
:param right: the right side of the join; this is any
:class:`_expression.FromClause` object such as a
:class:`_schema.Table` object, and
may also be a selectable-compatible object such as an ORM-mapped
class.
:param onclause: a SQL expression representing the ON clause of the
join. If left at ``None``, :meth:`_expression.FromClause.join`
will attempt to
join the two tables based on a foreign key relationship.
:param isouter: if True, render a LEFT OUTER JOIN, instead of JOIN.
:param full: if True, render a FULL OUTER JOIN, instead of LEFT OUTER
JOIN. Implies :paramref:`.FromClause.join.isouter`.
.. versionadded:: 1.1
.. seealso::
:func:`_expression.join` - standalone function
:class:`_expression.Join` - the type of object produced
"""
return Join(self, right, onclause, isouter, full)
def outerjoin(self, right, onclause=None, full=False):
"""Return a :class:`_expression.Join` from this
:class:`_expression.FromClause`
to another :class:`FromClause`, with the "isouter" flag set to
True.
E.g.::
from sqlalchemy import outerjoin
j = user_table.outerjoin(address_table,
user_table.c.id == address_table.c.user_id)
The above is equivalent to::
j = user_table.join(
address_table,
user_table.c.id == address_table.c.user_id,
isouter=True)
:param right: the right side of the join; this is any
:class:`_expression.FromClause` object such as a
:class:`_schema.Table` object, and
may also be a selectable-compatible object such as an ORM-mapped
class.
:param onclause: a SQL expression representing the ON clause of the
join. If left at ``None``, :meth:`_expression.FromClause.join`
will attempt to
join the two tables based on a foreign key relationship.
:param full: if True, render a FULL OUTER JOIN, instead of
LEFT OUTER JOIN.
.. versionadded:: 1.1
.. seealso::
:meth:`_expression.FromClause.join`
:class:`_expression.Join`
"""
return Join(self, right, onclause, True, full)
def alias(self, name=None, flat=False):
"""return an alias of this :class:`_expression.FromClause`.
E.g.::
a2 = some_table.alias('a2')
The above code creates an :class:`_expression.Alias`
object which can be used
as a FROM clause in any SELECT statement.
.. seealso::
:ref:`core_tutorial_aliases`
:func:`_expression.alias`
"""
return Alias._construct(self, name)
def lateral(self, name=None):
"""Return a LATERAL alias of this :class:`_expression.FromClause`.
The return value is the :class:`_expression.Lateral` construct also
provided by the top-level :func:`_expression.lateral` function.
.. versionadded:: 1.1
.. seealso::
:ref:`lateral_selects` - overview of usage.
"""
return Lateral._construct(self, name)
def tablesample(self, sampling, name=None, seed=None):
"""Return a TABLESAMPLE alias of this :class:`_expression.FromClause`.
The return value is the :class:`_expression.TableSample`
construct also
provided by the top-level :func:`_expression.tablesample` function.
.. versionadded:: 1.1
.. seealso::
:func:`_expression.tablesample` - usage guidelines and parameters
"""
return TableSample._construct(self, sampling, name, seed)
def is_derived_from(self, fromclause):
"""Return True if this FromClause is 'derived' from the given
FromClause.
An example would be an Alias of a Table is derived from that Table.
"""
# this is essentially an "identity" check in the base class.
# Other constructs override this to traverse through
# contained elements.
return fromclause in self._cloned_set
def _is_lexical_equivalent(self, other):
"""Return True if this FromClause and the other represent
the same lexical identity.
This tests if either one is a copy of the other, or
if they are the same via annotation identity.
"""
return self._cloned_set.intersection(other._cloned_set)
@util.dependencies("sqlalchemy.sql.util")
def replace_selectable(self, sqlutil, old, alias):
"""replace all occurrences of FromClause 'old' with the given Alias
object, returning a copy of this :class:`_expression.FromClause`.
"""
return sqlutil.ClauseAdapter(alias).traverse(self)
def correspond_on_equivalents(self, column, equivalents):
"""Return corresponding_column for the given column, or if None
search for a match in the given dictionary.
"""
col = self.corresponding_column(column, require_embedded=True)
if col is None and col in equivalents:
for equiv in equivalents[col]:
nc = self.corresponding_column(equiv, require_embedded=True)
if nc:
return nc
return col
def corresponding_column(self, column, require_embedded=False):
"""Given a :class:`_expression.ColumnElement`, return the exported
:class:`_expression.ColumnElement` object from this
:class:`expression.Selectable`
which corresponds to that original
:class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.Column` via a common ancestor
column.
:param column: the target :class:`_expression.ColumnElement`
to be matched
:param require_embedded: only return corresponding columns for
the given :class:`_expression.ColumnElement`, if the given
:class:`_expression.ColumnElement`
is actually present within a sub-element
of this :class:`_expression.FromClause`.
Normally the column will match if
it merely shares a common ancestor with one of the exported
columns of this :class:`_expression.FromClause`.
"""
def embedded(expanded_proxy_set, target_set):
for t in target_set.difference(expanded_proxy_set):
if not set(_expand_cloned([t])).intersection(
expanded_proxy_set
):
return False
return True
# don't dig around if the column is locally present
if self.c.contains_column(column):
return column
col, intersect = None, None
target_set = column.proxy_set
cols = self.c._all_columns
for c in cols:
expanded_proxy_set = set(_expand_cloned(c.proxy_set))
i = target_set.intersection(expanded_proxy_set)
if i and (
not require_embedded
or embedded(expanded_proxy_set, target_set)
):
if col is None:
# no corresponding column yet, pick this one.
col, intersect = c, i
elif len(i) > len(intersect):
# 'c' has a larger field of correspondence than
# 'col'. i.e. selectable.c.a1_x->a1.c.x->table.c.x
# matches a1.c.x->table.c.x better than
# selectable.c.x->table.c.x does.
col, intersect = c, i
elif i == intersect:
# they have the same field of correspondence. see
# which proxy_set has fewer columns in it, which
# indicates a closer relationship with the root
# column. Also take into account the "weight"
# attribute which CompoundSelect() uses to give
# higher precedence to columns based on vertical
# position in the compound statement, and discard
# columns that have no reference to the target
# column (also occurs with CompoundSelect)
col_distance = util.reduce(
operator.add,
[
sc._annotations.get("weight", 1)
for sc in col._uncached_proxy_set()
if sc.shares_lineage(column)
],
)
c_distance = util.reduce(
operator.add,
[
sc._annotations.get("weight", 1)
for sc in c._uncached_proxy_set()
if sc.shares_lineage(column)
],
)
if c_distance < col_distance:
col, intersect = c, i
return col
@property
def description(self):
"""a brief description of this FromClause.
Used primarily for error message formatting.
"""
return getattr(self, "name", self.__class__.__name__ + " object")
def _reset_exported(self):
"""delete memoized collections when a FromClause is cloned."""
self._memoized_property.expire_instance(self)
@_memoized_property
def columns(self):
"""A named-based collection of :class:`_expression.ColumnElement`
objects
maintained by this :class:`_expression.FromClause`.
The :attr:`.columns`, or :attr:`.c` collection, is the gateway
to the construction of SQL expressions using table-bound or
other selectable-bound columns::
select([mytable]).where(mytable.c.somecolumn == 5)
"""
if "_columns" not in self.__dict__:
self._init_collections()
self._populate_column_collection()
return self._columns.as_immutable()
@_memoized_property
def primary_key(self):
"""Return the collection of Column objects which comprise the
primary key of this FromClause."""
self._init_collections()
self._populate_column_collection()
return self.primary_key
@_memoized_property
def foreign_keys(self):
"""Return the collection of ForeignKey objects which this
FromClause references."""
self._init_collections()
self._populate_column_collection()
return self.foreign_keys
c = property(
attrgetter("columns"),
doc="An alias for the :attr:`.columns` attribute.",
)
_select_iterable = property(attrgetter("columns"))
def _init_collections(self):
assert "_columns" not in self.__dict__
assert "primary_key" not in self.__dict__
assert "foreign_keys" not in self.__dict__
self._columns = ColumnCollection()
self.primary_key = ColumnSet()
self.foreign_keys = set()
@property
def _cols_populated(self):
return "_columns" in self.__dict__
def _populate_column_collection(self):
"""Called on subclasses to establish the .c collection.
Each implementation has a different way of establishing
this collection.
"""
def _refresh_for_new_column(self, column):
"""Given a column added to the .c collection of an underlying
selectable, produce the local version of that column, assuming this
selectable ultimately should proxy this column.
this is used to "ping" a derived selectable to add a new column
to its .c. collection when a Column has been added to one of the
Table objects it ultimtely derives from.
If the given selectable hasn't populated its .c. collection yet,
it should at least pass on the message to the contained selectables,
but it will return None.
This method is currently used by Declarative to allow Table
columns to be added to a partially constructed inheritance
mapping that may have already produced joins. The method
isn't public right now, as the full span of implications
and/or caveats aren't yet clear.
It's also possible that this functionality could be invoked by
default via an event, which would require that
selectables maintain a weak referencing collection of all
derivations.
"""
if not self._cols_populated:
return None
elif column.key in self.columns and self.columns[column.key] is column:
return column
else:
return None
class Join(FromClause):
"""represent a ``JOIN`` construct between two
:class:`_expression.FromClause`
elements.
The public constructor function for :class:`_expression.Join`
is the module-level
:func:`_expression.join()` function, as well as the
:meth:`_expression.FromClause.join` method
of any :class:`_expression.FromClause` (e.g. such as
:class:`_schema.Table`).
.. seealso::
:func:`_expression.join`
:meth:`_expression.FromClause.join`
"""
__visit_name__ = "join"
_is_join = True
def __init__(self, left, right, onclause=None, isouter=False, full=False):
"""Construct a new :class:`_expression.Join`.
The usual entrypoint here is the :func:`_expression.join`
function or the :meth:`_expression.FromClause.join` method of any
:class:`_expression.FromClause` object.
"""
self.left = _interpret_as_from(left)
self.right = _interpret_as_from(right).self_group()
if onclause is None:
self.onclause = self._match_primaries(self.left, self.right)
else:
self.onclause = onclause
self.isouter = isouter
self.full = full
@classmethod
def _create_outerjoin(cls, left, right, onclause=None, full=False):
"""Return an ``OUTER JOIN`` clause element.
The returned object is an instance of :class:`_expression.Join`.
Similar functionality is also available via the
:meth:`_expression.FromClause.outerjoin()` method on any
:class:`_expression.FromClause`.
:param left: The left side of the join.
:param right: The right side of the join.
:param onclause: Optional criterion for the ``ON`` clause, is
derived from foreign key relationships established between
left and right otherwise.
To chain joins together, use the :meth:`_expression.FromClause.join`
or
:meth:`_expression.FromClause.outerjoin` methods on the resulting
:class:`_expression.Join` object.
"""
return cls(left, right, onclause, isouter=True, full=full)
@classmethod
def _create_join(
cls, left, right, onclause=None, isouter=False, full=False
):
"""Produce a :class:`_expression.Join` object, given two
:class:`_expression.FromClause`
expressions.
E.g.::
j = join(user_table, address_table,
user_table.c.id == address_table.c.user_id)
stmt = select([user_table]).select_from(j)
would emit SQL along the lines of::
SELECT user.id, user.name FROM user
JOIN address ON user.id = address.user_id
Similar functionality is available given any
:class:`_expression.FromClause` object (e.g. such as a
:class:`_schema.Table`) using
the :meth:`_expression.FromClause.join` method.
:param left: The left side of the join.
:param right: the right side of the join; this is any
:class:`_expression.FromClause` object such as a
:class:`_schema.Table` object, and
may also be a selectable-compatible object such as an ORM-mapped
class.
:param onclause: a SQL expression representing the ON clause of the
join. If left at ``None``, :meth:`_expression.FromClause.join`
will attempt to
join the two tables based on a foreign key relationship.
:param isouter: if True, render a LEFT OUTER JOIN, instead of JOIN.
:param full: if True, render a FULL OUTER JOIN, instead of JOIN.
.. versionadded:: 1.1
.. seealso::
:meth:`_expression.FromClause.join` - method form,
based on a given left side
:class:`_expression.Join` - the type of object produced
"""
return cls(left, right, onclause, isouter, full)
@property
def description(self):
return "Join object on %s(%d) and %s(%d)" % (
self.left.description,
id(self.left),
self.right.description,
id(self.right),
)
def is_derived_from(self, fromclause):
return (
fromclause is self
or self.left.is_derived_from(fromclause)
or self.right.is_derived_from(fromclause)
)
def self_group(self, against=None):
return FromGrouping(self)
@util.dependencies("sqlalchemy.sql.util")
def _populate_column_collection(self, sqlutil):
columns = [c for c in self.left.columns] + [
c for c in self.right.columns
]
self.primary_key.extend(
sqlutil.reduce_columns(
(c for c in columns if c.primary_key), self.onclause
)
)
self._columns.update((col._label, col) for col in columns)
self.foreign_keys.update(
itertools.chain(*[col.foreign_keys for col in columns])
)
def _refresh_for_new_column(self, column):
col = self.left._refresh_for_new_column(column)
if col is None:
col = self.right._refresh_for_new_column(column)
if col is not None:
if self._cols_populated:
self._columns[col._label] = col
self.foreign_keys.update(col.foreign_keys)
if col.primary_key:
self.primary_key.add(col)
return col
return None
def _copy_internals(self, clone=_clone, **kw):
self._reset_exported()
self.left = clone(self.left, **kw)
self.right = clone(self.right, **kw)
self.onclause = clone(self.onclause, **kw)
def get_children(self, **kwargs):
return self.left, self.right, self.onclause
def _match_primaries(self, left, right):
if isinstance(left, Join):
left_right = left.right
else:
left_right = None
return self._join_condition(left, right, a_subset=left_right)
@classmethod
@util.deprecated_params(
ignore_nonexistent_tables=(
"0.9",
"The :paramref:`.join_condition.ignore_nonexistent_tables` "
"parameter is deprecated and will be removed in a future "
"release. Tables outside of the two tables being handled "
"are no longer considered.",
)
)
def _join_condition(
cls,
a,
b,
ignore_nonexistent_tables=False,
a_subset=None,
consider_as_foreign_keys=None,
):
"""create a join condition between two tables or selectables.
e.g.::
join_condition(tablea, tableb)
would produce an expression along the lines of::
tablea.c.id==tableb.c.tablea_id
The join is determined based on the foreign key relationships
between the two selectables. If there are multiple ways
to join, or no way to join, an error is raised.
:param ignore_nonexistent_tables: unused - tables outside of the
two tables being handled are not considered.
:param a_subset: An optional expression that is a sub-component
of ``a``. An attempt will be made to join to just this sub-component
first before looking at the full ``a`` construct, and if found
will be successful even if there are other ways to join to ``a``.
This allows the "right side" of a join to be passed thereby
providing a "natural join".
"""
constraints = cls._joincond_scan_left_right(
a, a_subset, b, consider_as_foreign_keys
)
if len(constraints) > 1:
cls._joincond_trim_constraints(
a, b, constraints, consider_as_foreign_keys
)
if len(constraints) == 0:
if isinstance(b, FromGrouping):
hint = (
" Perhaps you meant to convert the right side to a "
"subquery using alias()?"
)
else:
hint = ""
raise exc.NoForeignKeysError(
"Can't find any foreign key relationships "
"between '%s' and '%s'.%s"
% (a.description, b.description, hint)
)
crit = [(x == y) for x, y in list(constraints.values())[0]]
if len(crit) == 1:
return crit[0]
else:
return and_(*crit)
@classmethod
def _can_join(cls, left, right, consider_as_foreign_keys=None):
if isinstance(left, Join):
left_right = left.right
else:
left_right = None
constraints = cls._joincond_scan_left_right(
a=left,
b=right,
a_subset=left_right,
consider_as_foreign_keys=consider_as_foreign_keys,
)
return bool(constraints)
@classmethod
def _joincond_scan_left_right(
cls, a, a_subset, b, consider_as_foreign_keys
):
constraints = collections.defaultdict(list)
for left in (a_subset, a):
if left is None:
continue
for fk in sorted(
b.foreign_keys, key=lambda fk: fk.parent._creation_order
):
if (
consider_as_foreign_keys is not None
and fk.parent not in consider_as_foreign_keys
):
continue
try:
col = fk.get_referent(left)
except exc.NoReferenceError as nrte:
if nrte.table_name == left.name:
raise
else:
continue
if col is not None:
constraints[fk.constraint].append((col, fk.parent))
if left is not b:
for fk in sorted(
left.foreign_keys, key=lambda fk: fk.parent._creation_order
):
if (
consider_as_foreign_keys is not None
and fk.parent not in consider_as_foreign_keys
):
continue
try:
col = fk.get_referent(b)
except exc.NoReferenceError as nrte:
if nrte.table_name == b.name:
raise
else:
continue
if col is not None:
constraints[fk.constraint].append((col, fk.parent))
if constraints:
break
return constraints
@classmethod
def _joincond_trim_constraints(
cls, a, b, constraints, consider_as_foreign_keys
):
# more than one constraint matched. narrow down the list
# to include just those FKCs that match exactly to
# "consider_as_foreign_keys".
if consider_as_foreign_keys:
for const in list(constraints):
if set(f.parent for f in const.elements) != set(
consider_as_foreign_keys
):
del constraints[const]
# if still multiple constraints, but
# they all refer to the exact same end result, use it.
if len(constraints) > 1:
dedupe = set(tuple(crit) for crit in constraints.values())
if len(dedupe) == 1:
key = list(constraints)[0]
constraints = {key: constraints[key]}
if len(constraints) != 1:
raise exc.AmbiguousForeignKeysError(
"Can't determine join between '%s' and '%s'; "
"tables have more than one foreign key "
"constraint relationship between them. "
"Please specify the 'onclause' of this "
"join explicitly." % (a.description, b.description)
)
def select(self, whereclause=None, **kwargs):
r"""Create a :class:`_expression.Select` from this
:class:`_expression.Join`.
The equivalent long-hand form, given a :class:`_expression.Join`
object
``j``, is::
from sqlalchemy import select
j = select([j.left, j.right], **kw).\
where(whereclause).\
select_from(j)
:param whereclause: the WHERE criterion that will be sent to
the :func:`select()` function
:param \**kwargs: all other kwargs are sent to the
underlying :func:`select()` function.
"""
collist = [self.left, self.right]
return Select(collist, whereclause, from_obj=[self], **kwargs)
@property
def bind(self):
return self.left.bind or self.right.bind
@util.dependencies("sqlalchemy.sql.util")
def alias(self, sqlutil, name=None, flat=False):
r"""return an alias of this :class:`_expression.Join`.
The default behavior here is to first produce a SELECT
construct from this :class:`_expression.Join`, then to produce an
:class:`_expression.Alias` from that. So given a join of the form::
j = table_a.join(table_b, table_a.c.id == table_b.c.a_id)
The JOIN by itself would look like::
table_a JOIN table_b ON table_a.id = table_b.a_id
Whereas the alias of the above, ``j.alias()``, would in a
SELECT context look like::
(SELECT table_a.id AS table_a_id, table_b.id AS table_b_id,
table_b.a_id AS table_b_a_id
FROM table_a
JOIN table_b ON table_a.id = table_b.a_id) AS anon_1
The equivalent long-hand form, given a :class:`_expression.Join`
object
``j``, is::
from sqlalchemy import select, alias
j = alias(
select([j.left, j.right]).\
select_from(j).\
with_labels(True).\
correlate(False),
name=name
)
The selectable produced by :meth:`_expression.Join.alias`
features the same
columns as that of the two individual selectables presented under
a single name - the individual columns are "auto-labeled", meaning
the ``.c.`` collection of the resulting :class:`_expression.Alias`
represents
the names of the individual columns using a
``<tablename>_<columname>`` scheme::
j.c.table_a_id
j.c.table_b_a_id
:meth:`_expression.Join.alias` also features an alternate
option for aliasing joins which produces no enclosing SELECT and
does not normally apply labels to the column names. The
``flat=True`` option will call :meth:`_expression.FromClause.alias`
against the left and right sides individually.
Using this option, no new ``SELECT`` is produced;
we instead, from a construct as below::
j = table_a.join(table_b, table_a.c.id == table_b.c.a_id)
j = j.alias(flat=True)
we get a result like this::
table_a AS table_a_1 JOIN table_b AS table_b_1 ON
table_a_1.id = table_b_1.a_id
The ``flat=True`` argument is also propagated to the contained
selectables, so that a composite join such as::
j = table_a.join(
table_b.join(table_c,
table_b.c.id == table_c.c.b_id),
table_b.c.a_id == table_a.c.id
).alias(flat=True)
Will produce an expression like::
table_a AS table_a_1 JOIN (
table_b AS table_b_1 JOIN table_c AS table_c_1
ON table_b_1.id = table_c_1.b_id
) ON table_a_1.id = table_b_1.a_id
The standalone :func:`_expression.alias` function as well as the
base :meth:`_expression.FromClause.alias`
method also support the ``flat=True``
argument as a no-op, so that the argument can be passed to the
``alias()`` method of any selectable.
.. versionadded:: 0.9.0 Added the ``flat=True`` option to create
"aliases" of joins without enclosing inside of a SELECT
subquery.
:param name: name given to the alias.
:param flat: if True, produce an alias of the left and right
sides of this :class:`_expression.Join` and return the join of those
two selectables. This produces join expression that does not
include an enclosing SELECT.
.. versionadded:: 0.9.0
.. seealso::
:ref:`core_tutorial_aliases`
:func:`_expression.alias`
"""
if flat:
assert name is None, "Can't send name argument with flat"
left_a, right_a = (
self.left.alias(flat=True),
self.right.alias(flat=True),
)
adapter = sqlutil.ClauseAdapter(left_a).chain(
sqlutil.ClauseAdapter(right_a)
)
return left_a.join(
right_a,
adapter.traverse(self.onclause),
isouter=self.isouter,
full=self.full,
)
else:
return self.select(use_labels=True, correlate=False).alias(name)
@property
def _hide_froms(self):
return itertools.chain(
*[_from_objects(x.left, x.right) for x in self._cloned_set]
)
@property
def _from_objects(self):
return (
[self]
+ self.onclause._from_objects
+ self.left._from_objects
+ self.right._from_objects
)
class Alias(FromClause):
"""Represents an table or selectable alias (AS).
Represents an alias, as typically applied to any table or
sub-select within a SQL statement using the ``AS`` keyword (or
without the keyword on certain databases such as Oracle).
This object is constructed from the :func:`_expression.alias` module
level function as well as the :meth:`_expression.FromClause.alias`
method available
on all :class:`_expression.FromClause` subclasses.
"""
__visit_name__ = "alias"
named_with_column = True
_is_from_container = True
def __init__(self, *arg, **kw):
raise NotImplementedError(
"The %s class is not intended to be constructed "
"directly. Please use the %s() standalone "
"function or the %s() method available from appropriate "
"selectable objects."
% (
self.__class__.__name__,
self.__class__.__name__.lower(),
self.__class__.__name__.lower(),
)
)
@classmethod
def _construct(cls, *arg, **kw):
obj = cls.__new__(cls)
obj._init(*arg, **kw)
return obj
@classmethod
def _factory(cls, selectable, name=None, flat=False):
"""Return an :class:`_expression.Alias` object.
An :class:`_expression.Alias` represents any
:class:`_expression.FromClause`
with an alternate name assigned within SQL, typically using the ``AS``
clause when generated, e.g. ``SELECT * FROM table AS aliasname``.
Similar functionality is available via the
:meth:`_expression.FromClause.alias` method
available on all :class:`_expression.FromClause` subclasses.
In terms of a
SELECT object as generated from the :func:`_expression.select`
function, the
:meth:`_expression.SelectBase.alias` method returns an
:class:`_expression.Alias` or
similar object which represents a named, parenthesized subquery.
When an :class:`_expression.Alias` is created from a
:class:`_schema.Table` object,
this has the effect of the table being rendered
as ``tablename AS aliasname`` in a SELECT statement.
For :func:`_expression.select` objects,
the effect is that of creating a named
subquery, i.e. ``(select ...) AS aliasname``.
The ``name`` parameter is optional, and provides the name
to use in the rendered SQL. If blank, an "anonymous" name
will be deterministically generated at compile time.
Deterministic means the name is guaranteed to be unique against
other constructs used in the same statement, and will also be the
same name for each successive compilation of the same statement
object.
:param selectable: any :class:`_expression.FromClause` subclass,
such as a table, select statement, etc.
:param name: string name to be assigned as the alias.
If ``None``, a name will be deterministically generated
at compile time.
:param flat: Will be passed through to if the given selectable
is an instance of :class:`_expression.Join` - see
:meth:`_expression.Join.alias`
for details.
.. versionadded:: 0.9.0
"""
return _interpret_as_from(selectable).alias(name=name, flat=flat)
def _init(self, selectable, name=None):
baseselectable = selectable
while isinstance(baseselectable, Alias):
baseselectable = baseselectable.element
self.original = baseselectable
self.supports_execution = baseselectable.supports_execution
if self.supports_execution:
self._execution_options = baseselectable._execution_options
self.element = selectable
if name is None:
if self.original.named_with_column:
name = getattr(self.original, "name", None)
name = _anonymous_label("%%(%d %s)s" % (id(self), name or "anon"))
self.name = name
def self_group(self, against=None):
if (
isinstance(against, CompoundSelect)
and isinstance(self.original, Select)
and self.original._needs_parens_for_grouping()
):
return FromGrouping(self)
return super(Alias, self).self_group(against=against)
@property
def description(self):
if util.py3k:
return self.name
else:
return self.name.encode("ascii", "backslashreplace")
def as_scalar(self):
try:
return self.element.as_scalar()
except AttributeError as err:
util.raise_(
AttributeError(
"Element %s does not support "
"'as_scalar()'" % self.element
),
replace_context=err,
)
def is_derived_from(self, fromclause):
if fromclause in self._cloned_set:
return True
return self.element.is_derived_from(fromclause)
def _populate_column_collection(self):
for col in self.element.columns._all_columns:
col._make_proxy(self)
def _refresh_for_new_column(self, column):
col = self.element._refresh_for_new_column(column)
if col is not None:
if not self._cols_populated:
return None
else:
return col._make_proxy(self)
else:
return None
def _copy_internals(self, clone=_clone, **kw):
# don't apply anything to an aliased Table
# for now. May want to drive this from
# the given **kw.
if isinstance(self.element, TableClause):
return
self._reset_exported()
self.element = clone(self.element, **kw)
baseselectable = self.element
while isinstance(baseselectable, Alias):
baseselectable = baseselectable.element
self.original = baseselectable
def get_children(self, column_collections=True, **kw):
if column_collections:
for c in self.c:
yield c
yield self.element
@property
def _from_objects(self):
return [self]
@property
def bind(self):
return self.element.bind
class Lateral(Alias):
"""Represent a LATERAL subquery.
This object is constructed from the :func:`_expression.lateral` module
level function as well as the :meth:`_expression.FromClause.lateral`
method available
on all :class:`_expression.FromClause` subclasses.
While LATERAL is part of the SQL standard, currently only more recent
PostgreSQL versions provide support for this keyword.
.. versionadded:: 1.1
.. seealso::
:ref:`lateral_selects` - overview of usage.
"""
__visit_name__ = "lateral"
_is_lateral = True
@classmethod
def _factory(cls, selectable, name=None):
"""Return a :class:`_expression.Lateral` object.
:class:`_expression.Lateral` is an :class:`_expression.Alias`
subclass that represents
a subquery with the LATERAL keyword applied to it.
The special behavior of a LATERAL subquery is that it appears in the
FROM clause of an enclosing SELECT, but may correlate to other
FROM clauses of that SELECT. It is a special case of subquery
only supported by a small number of backends, currently more recent
PostgreSQL versions.
.. versionadded:: 1.1
.. seealso::
:ref:`lateral_selects` - overview of usage.
"""
return _interpret_as_from(selectable).lateral(name=name)
class TableSample(Alias):
"""Represent a TABLESAMPLE clause.
This object is constructed from the :func:`_expression.tablesample` module
level function as well as the :meth:`_expression.FromClause.tablesample`
method
available on all :class:`_expression.FromClause` subclasses.
.. versionadded:: 1.1
.. seealso::
:func:`_expression.tablesample`
"""
__visit_name__ = "tablesample"
@classmethod
def _factory(cls, selectable, sampling, name=None, seed=None):
"""Return a :class:`_expression.TableSample` object.
:class:`_expression.TableSample` is an :class:`_expression.Alias`
subclass that represents
a table with the TABLESAMPLE clause applied to it.
:func:`_expression.tablesample`
is also available from the :class:`_expression.FromClause`
class via the
:meth:`_expression.FromClause.tablesample` method.
The TABLESAMPLE clause allows selecting a randomly selected approximate
percentage of rows from a table. It supports multiple sampling methods,
most commonly BERNOULLI and SYSTEM.
e.g.::
from sqlalchemy import func
selectable = people.tablesample(
func.bernoulli(1),
name='alias',
seed=func.random())
stmt = select([selectable.c.people_id])
Assuming ``people`` with a column ``people_id``, the above
statement would render as::
SELECT alias.people_id FROM
people AS alias TABLESAMPLE bernoulli(:bernoulli_1)
REPEATABLE (random())
.. versionadded:: 1.1
:param sampling: a ``float`` percentage between 0 and 100 or
:class:`_functions.Function`.
:param name: optional alias name
:param seed: any real-valued SQL expression. When specified, the
REPEATABLE sub-clause is also rendered.
"""
return _interpret_as_from(selectable).tablesample(
sampling, name=name, seed=seed
)
def _init(self, selectable, sampling, name=None, seed=None):
self.sampling = sampling
self.seed = seed
super(TableSample, self)._init(selectable, name=name)
@util.dependencies("sqlalchemy.sql.functions")
def _get_method(self, functions):
if isinstance(self.sampling, functions.Function):
return self.sampling
else:
return functions.func.system(self.sampling)
class CTE(Generative, HasPrefixes, HasSuffixes, Alias):
"""Represent a Common Table Expression.
The :class:`_expression.CTE` object is obtained using the
:meth:`_expression.SelectBase.cte` method from any selectable.
See that method for complete examples.
"""
__visit_name__ = "cte"
@classmethod
def _factory(cls, selectable, name=None, recursive=False):
r"""Return a new :class:`_expression.CTE`,
or Common Table Expression instance.
Please see :meth:`_expression.HasCTE.cte` for detail on CTE usage.
"""
return _interpret_as_from(selectable).cte(
name=name, recursive=recursive
)
def _init(
self,
selectable,
name=None,
recursive=False,
_cte_alias=None,
_restates=frozenset(),
_prefixes=None,
_suffixes=None,
):
self.recursive = recursive
self._cte_alias = _cte_alias
self._restates = _restates
if _prefixes:
self._prefixes = _prefixes
if _suffixes:
self._suffixes = _suffixes
super(CTE, self)._init(selectable, name=name)
def _copy_internals(self, clone=_clone, **kw):
super(CTE, self)._copy_internals(clone, **kw)
if self._cte_alias is not None:
self._cte_alias = clone(self._cte_alias, **kw)
self._restates = frozenset(
[clone(elem, **kw) for elem in self._restates]
)
@util.dependencies("sqlalchemy.sql.dml")
def _populate_column_collection(self, dml):
if isinstance(self.element, dml.UpdateBase):
for col in self.element._returning:
col._make_proxy(self)
else:
for col in self.element.columns._all_columns:
col._make_proxy(self)
def alias(self, name=None, flat=False):
"""Return an :class:`_expression.Alias` of this
:class:`_expression.CTE`.
This method is a CTE-specific specialization of the
:class:`_expression.FromClause.alias` method.
.. seealso::
:ref:`core_tutorial_aliases`
:func:`_expression.alias`
"""
return CTE._construct(
self.original,
name=name,
recursive=self.recursive,
_cte_alias=self,
_prefixes=self._prefixes,
_suffixes=self._suffixes,
)
def union(self, other):
return CTE._construct(
self.original.union(other),
name=self.name,
recursive=self.recursive,
_restates=self._restates.union([self]),
_prefixes=self._prefixes,
_suffixes=self._suffixes,
)
def union_all(self, other):
return CTE._construct(
self.original.union_all(other),
name=self.name,
recursive=self.recursive,
_restates=self._restates.union([self]),
_prefixes=self._prefixes,
_suffixes=self._suffixes,
)
class HasCTE(object):
"""Mixin that declares a class to include CTE support.
.. versionadded:: 1.1
"""
def cte(self, name=None, recursive=False):
r"""Return a new :class:`_expression.CTE`,
or Common Table Expression instance.
Common table expressions are a SQL standard whereby SELECT
statements can draw upon secondary statements specified along
with the primary statement, using a clause called "WITH".
Special semantics regarding UNION can also be employed to
allow "recursive" queries, where a SELECT statement can draw
upon the set of rows that have previously been selected.
CTEs can also be applied to DML constructs UPDATE, INSERT
and DELETE on some databases, both as a source of CTE rows
when combined with RETURNING, as well as a consumer of
CTE rows.
.. versionchanged:: 1.1 Added support for UPDATE/INSERT/DELETE as
CTE, CTEs added to UPDATE/INSERT/DELETE.
SQLAlchemy detects :class:`_expression.CTE` objects, which are treated
similarly to :class:`_expression.Alias` objects, as special elements
to be delivered to the FROM clause of the statement as well
as to a WITH clause at the top of the statement.
For special prefixes such as PostgreSQL "MATERIALIZED" and
"NOT MATERIALIZED", the :meth:`_expression.CTE.prefix_with`
method may be
used to establish these.
.. versionchanged:: 1.3.13 Added support for prefixes.
In particular - MATERIALIZED and NOT MATERIALIZED.
:param name: name given to the common table expression. Like
:meth:`._FromClause.alias`, the name can be left as ``None``
in which case an anonymous symbol will be used at query
compile time.
:param recursive: if ``True``, will render ``WITH RECURSIVE``.
A recursive common table expression is intended to be used in
conjunction with UNION ALL in order to derive rows
from those already selected.
The following examples include two from PostgreSQL's documentation at
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/queries-with.html,
as well as additional examples.
Example 1, non recursive::
from sqlalchemy import (Table, Column, String, Integer,
MetaData, select, func)
metadata = MetaData()
orders = Table('orders', metadata,
Column('region', String),
Column('amount', Integer),
Column('product', String),
Column('quantity', Integer)
)
regional_sales = select([
orders.c.region,
func.sum(orders.c.amount).label('total_sales')
]).group_by(orders.c.region).cte("regional_sales")
top_regions = select([regional_sales.c.region]).\
where(
regional_sales.c.total_sales >
select([
func.sum(regional_sales.c.total_sales)/10
])
).cte("top_regions")
statement = select([
orders.c.region,
orders.c.product,
func.sum(orders.c.quantity).label("product_units"),
func.sum(orders.c.amount).label("product_sales")
]).where(orders.c.region.in_(
select([top_regions.c.region])
)).group_by(orders.c.region, orders.c.product)
result = conn.execute(statement).fetchall()
Example 2, WITH RECURSIVE::
from sqlalchemy import (Table, Column, String, Integer,
MetaData, select, func)
metadata = MetaData()
parts = Table('parts', metadata,
Column('part', String),
Column('sub_part', String),
Column('quantity', Integer),
)
included_parts = select([
parts.c.sub_part,
parts.c.part,
parts.c.quantity]).\
where(parts.c.part=='our part').\
cte(recursive=True)
incl_alias = included_parts.alias()
parts_alias = parts.alias()
included_parts = included_parts.union_all(
select([
parts_alias.c.sub_part,
parts_alias.c.part,
parts_alias.c.quantity
]).
where(parts_alias.c.part==incl_alias.c.sub_part)
)
statement = select([
included_parts.c.sub_part,
func.sum(included_parts.c.quantity).
label('total_quantity')
]).\
group_by(included_parts.c.sub_part)
result = conn.execute(statement).fetchall()
Example 3, an upsert using UPDATE and INSERT with CTEs::
from datetime import date
from sqlalchemy import (MetaData, Table, Column, Integer,
Date, select, literal, and_, exists)
metadata = MetaData()
visitors = Table('visitors', metadata,
Column('product_id', Integer, primary_key=True),
Column('date', Date, primary_key=True),
Column('count', Integer),
)
# add 5 visitors for the product_id == 1
product_id = 1
day = date.today()
count = 5
update_cte = (
visitors.update()
.where(and_(visitors.c.product_id == product_id,
visitors.c.date == day))
.values(count=visitors.c.count + count)
.returning(literal(1))
.cte('update_cte')
)
upsert = visitors.insert().from_select(
[visitors.c.product_id, visitors.c.date, visitors.c.count],
select([literal(product_id), literal(day), literal(count)])
.where(~exists(update_cte.select()))
)
connection.execute(upsert)
.. seealso::
:meth:`.orm.query.Query.cte` - ORM version of
:meth:`_expression.HasCTE.cte`.
"""
return CTE._construct(self, name=name, recursive=recursive)
class FromGrouping(FromClause):
"""Represent a grouping of a FROM clause"""
__visit_name__ = "grouping"
def __init__(self, element):
self.element = element
def _init_collections(self):
pass
@property
def columns(self):
return self.element.columns
@property
def primary_key(self):
return self.element.primary_key
@property
def foreign_keys(self):
return self.element.foreign_keys
def is_derived_from(self, element):
return self.element.is_derived_from(element)
def alias(self, **kw):
return FromGrouping(self.element.alias(**kw))
@property
def _hide_froms(self):
return self.element._hide_froms
def get_children(self, **kwargs):
return (self.element,)
def _copy_internals(self, clone=_clone, **kw):
self.element = clone(self.element, **kw)
@property
def _from_objects(self):
return self.element._from_objects
def __getattr__(self, attr):
return getattr(self.element, attr)
def __getstate__(self):
return {"element": self.element}
def __setstate__(self, state):
self.element = state["element"]
class TableClause(Immutable, FromClause):
"""Represents a minimal "table" construct.
This is a lightweight table object that has only a name, a
collection of columns, which are typically produced
by the :func:`_expression.column` function, and a schema::
from sqlalchemy import table, column
user = table("user",
column("id"),
column("name"),
column("description"),
)
The :class:`_expression.TableClause` construct serves as the base for
the more commonly used :class:`_schema.Table` object, providing
the usual set of :class:`_expression.FromClause` services including
the ``.c.`` collection and statement generation methods.
It does **not** provide all the additional schema-level services
of :class:`_schema.Table`, including constraints, references to other
tables, or support for :class:`_schema.MetaData`-level services.
It's useful
on its own as an ad-hoc construct used to generate quick SQL
statements when a more fully fledged :class:`_schema.Table`
is not on hand.
"""
__visit_name__ = "table"
named_with_column = True
implicit_returning = False
""":class:`_expression.TableClause`
doesn't support having a primary key or column
-level defaults, so implicit returning doesn't apply."""
_autoincrement_column = None
"""No PK or default support so no autoincrement column."""
def __init__(self, name, *columns, **kw):
"""Produce a new :class:`_expression.TableClause`.
The object returned is an instance of :class:`_expression.TableClause`
, which
represents the "syntactical" portion of the schema-level
:class:`_schema.Table` object.
It may be used to construct lightweight table constructs.
.. versionchanged:: 1.0.0 :func:`_expression.table` can now
be imported from the plain ``sqlalchemy`` namespace like any
other SQL element.
:param name: Name of the table.
:param columns: A collection of :func:`_expression.column` constructs.
:param schema: The schema name for this table.
.. versionadded:: 1.3.18 :func:`_expression.table` can now
accept a ``schema`` argument.
"""
super(TableClause, self).__init__()
self.name = self.fullname = name
self._columns = ColumnCollection()
self.primary_key = ColumnSet()
self.foreign_keys = set()
for c in columns:
self.append_column(c)
schema = kw.pop("schema", None)
if schema is not None:
self.schema = schema
if kw:
raise exc.ArgumentError("Unsupported argument(s): %s" % list(kw))
def _init_collections(self):
pass
@util.memoized_property
def description(self):
if util.py3k:
return self.name
else:
return self.name.encode("ascii", "backslashreplace")
def append_column(self, c):
self._columns[c.key] = c
c.table = self
def get_children(self, column_collections=True, **kwargs):
if column_collections:
return [c for c in self.c]
else:
return []
@util.dependencies("sqlalchemy.sql.dml")
def insert(self, dml, values=None, inline=False, **kwargs):
"""Generate an :func:`_expression.insert` construct against this
:class:`_expression.TableClause`.
E.g.::
table.insert().values(name='foo')
See :func:`_expression.insert` for argument and usage information.
"""
return dml.Insert(self, values=values, inline=inline, **kwargs)
@util.dependencies("sqlalchemy.sql.dml")
def update(
self, dml, whereclause=None, values=None, inline=False, **kwargs
):
"""Generate an :func:`_expression.update` construct against this
:class:`_expression.TableClause`.
E.g.::
table.update().where(table.c.id==7).values(name='foo')
See :func:`_expression.update` for argument and usage information.
"""
return dml.Update(
self,
whereclause=whereclause,
values=values,
inline=inline,
**kwargs
)
@util.dependencies("sqlalchemy.sql.dml")
def delete(self, dml, whereclause=None, **kwargs):
"""Generate a :func:`_expression.delete` construct against this
:class:`_expression.TableClause`.
E.g.::
table.delete().where(table.c.id==7)
See :func:`_expression.delete` for argument and usage information.
"""
return dml.Delete(self, whereclause, **kwargs)
@property
def _from_objects(self):
return [self]
class ForUpdateArg(ClauseElement):
@classmethod
def parse_legacy_select(self, arg):
"""Parse the for_update argument of :func:`_expression.select`.
:param mode: Defines the lockmode to use.
``None`` - translates to no lockmode
``'update'`` - translates to ``FOR UPDATE``
(standard SQL, supported by most dialects)
``'nowait'`` - translates to ``FOR UPDATE NOWAIT``
(supported by Oracle, PostgreSQL 8.1 upwards)
``'read'`` - translates to ``LOCK IN SHARE MODE`` (for MySQL),
and ``FOR SHARE`` (for PostgreSQL)
``'read_nowait'`` - translates to ``FOR SHARE NOWAIT``
(supported by PostgreSQL). ``FOR SHARE`` and
``FOR SHARE NOWAIT`` (PostgreSQL).
"""
if arg in (None, False):
return None
nowait = read = False
if arg == "nowait":
nowait = True
elif arg == "read":
read = True
elif arg == "read_nowait":
read = nowait = True
elif arg is not True:
raise exc.ArgumentError("Unknown for_update argument: %r" % arg)
return ForUpdateArg(read=read, nowait=nowait)
@property
def legacy_for_update_value(self):
if self.read and not self.nowait:
return "read"
elif self.read and self.nowait:
return "read_nowait"
elif self.nowait:
return "nowait"
else:
return True
def __eq__(self, other):
return (
isinstance(other, ForUpdateArg)
and other.nowait == self.nowait
and other.read == self.read
and other.skip_locked == self.skip_locked
and other.key_share == self.key_share
and other.of is self.of
)
def __hash__(self):
return id(self)
def _copy_internals(self, clone=_clone, **kw):
if self.of is not None:
self.of = [clone(col, **kw) for col in self.of]
def __init__(
self,
nowait=False,
read=False,
of=None,
skip_locked=False,
key_share=False,
):
"""Represents arguments specified to
:meth:`_expression.Select.for_update`.
.. versionadded:: 0.9.0
"""
self.nowait = nowait
self.read = read
self.skip_locked = skip_locked
self.key_share = key_share
if of is not None:
self.of = [
_interpret_as_column_or_from(elem) for elem in util.to_list(of)
]
else:
self.of = None
class SelectBase(HasCTE, Executable, FromClause):
"""Base class for SELECT statements.
This includes :class:`_expression.Select`,
:class:`_selectable.CompoundSelect` and
:class:`.TextAsFrom`.
"""
def as_scalar(self):
"""return a 'scalar' representation of this selectable, which can be
used as a column expression.
Typically, a select statement which has only one column in its columns
clause is eligible to be used as a scalar expression.
The returned object is an instance of
:class:`ScalarSelect`.
"""
return ScalarSelect(self)
def label(self, name):
"""return a 'scalar' representation of this selectable, embedded as a
subquery with a label.
.. seealso::
:meth:`_expression.SelectBase.as_scalar`.
"""
return self.as_scalar().label(name)
@_generative
@util.deprecated(
"0.6",
message="The :meth:`.SelectBase.autocommit` method is deprecated, "
"and will be removed in a future release. Please use the "
"the :paramref:`.Connection.execution_options.autocommit` "
"parameter in conjunction with the "
":meth:`.Executable.execution_options` method.",
)
def autocommit(self):
"""return a new selectable with the 'autocommit' flag set to
True.
"""
self._execution_options = self._execution_options.union(
{"autocommit": True}
)
def _generate(self):
"""Override the default _generate() method to also clear out
exported collections."""
s = self.__class__.__new__(self.__class__)
s.__dict__ = self.__dict__.copy()
s._reset_exported()
return s
@property
def _from_objects(self):
return [self]
class GenerativeSelect(SelectBase):
"""Base class for SELECT statements where additional elements can be
added.
This serves as the base for :class:`_expression.Select` and
:class:`_selectable.CompoundSelect`
where elements such as ORDER BY, GROUP BY can be added and column
rendering can be controlled. Compare to :class:`.TextAsFrom`, which,
while it subclasses :class:`_expression.SelectBase`
and is also a SELECT construct,
represents a fixed textual string which cannot be altered at this level,
only wrapped as a subquery.
.. versionadded:: 0.9.0 :class:`_expression.GenerativeSelect` was added to
provide functionality specific to :class:`_expression.Select` and
:class:`_selectable.CompoundSelect` while allowing
:class:`_expression.SelectBase` to be
used for other SELECT-like objects, e.g. :class:`.TextAsFrom`.
"""
_order_by_clause = ClauseList()
_group_by_clause = ClauseList()
_limit_clause = None
_offset_clause = None
_for_update_arg = None
def __init__(
self,
use_labels=False,
for_update=False,
limit=None,
offset=None,
order_by=None,
group_by=None,
bind=None,
autocommit=None,
):
self.use_labels = use_labels
if for_update is not False:
self._for_update_arg = ForUpdateArg.parse_legacy_select(for_update)
if autocommit is not None:
util.warn_deprecated(
"The select.autocommit parameter is deprecated and will be "
"removed in a future release. Please refer to the "
"Select.execution_options.autocommit` parameter."
)
self._execution_options = self._execution_options.union(
{"autocommit": autocommit}
)
if limit is not None:
self._limit_clause = _offset_or_limit_clause(limit)
if offset is not None:
self._offset_clause = _offset_or_limit_clause(offset)
self._bind = bind
if order_by is not None:
self._order_by_clause = ClauseList(
*util.to_list(order_by),
_literal_as_text=_literal_and_labels_as_label_reference
)
if group_by is not None:
self._group_by_clause = ClauseList(
*util.to_list(group_by),
_literal_as_text=_literal_as_label_reference
)
@property
def for_update(self):
"""Provide legacy dialect support for the ``for_update`` attribute.
"""
if self._for_update_arg is not None:
return self._for_update_arg.legacy_for_update_value
else:
return None
@for_update.setter
def for_update(self, value):
self._for_update_arg = ForUpdateArg.parse_legacy_select(value)
@_generative
def with_for_update(
self,
nowait=False,
read=False,
of=None,
skip_locked=False,
key_share=False,
):
"""Specify a ``FOR UPDATE`` clause for this
:class:`_expression.GenerativeSelect`.
E.g.::
stmt = select([table]).with_for_update(nowait=True)
On a database like PostgreSQL or Oracle, the above would render a
statement like::
SELECT table.a, table.b FROM table FOR UPDATE NOWAIT
on other backends, the ``nowait`` option is ignored and instead
would produce::
SELECT table.a, table.b FROM table FOR UPDATE
When called with no arguments, the statement will render with
the suffix ``FOR UPDATE``. Additional arguments can then be
provided which allow for common database-specific
variants.
:param nowait: boolean; will render ``FOR UPDATE NOWAIT`` on Oracle
and PostgreSQL dialects.
:param read: boolean; will render ``LOCK IN SHARE MODE`` on MySQL,
``FOR SHARE`` on PostgreSQL. On PostgreSQL, when combined with
``nowait``, will render ``FOR SHARE NOWAIT``.
:param of: SQL expression or list of SQL expression elements
(typically :class:`_schema.Column`
objects or a compatible expression) which
will render into a ``FOR UPDATE OF`` clause; supported by PostgreSQL
and Oracle. May render as a table or as a column depending on
backend.
:param skip_locked: boolean, will render ``FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED``
on Oracle and PostgreSQL dialects or ``FOR SHARE SKIP LOCKED`` if
``read=True`` is also specified.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.0
:param key_share: boolean, will render ``FOR NO KEY UPDATE``,
or if combined with ``read=True`` will render ``FOR KEY SHARE``,
on the PostgreSQL dialect.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.0
"""
self._for_update_arg = ForUpdateArg(
nowait=nowait,
read=read,
of=of,
skip_locked=skip_locked,
key_share=key_share,
)
@_generative
def apply_labels(self):
"""return a new selectable with the 'use_labels' flag set to True.
This will result in column expressions being generated using labels
against their table name, such as "SELECT somecolumn AS
tablename_somecolumn". This allows selectables which contain multiple
FROM clauses to produce a unique set of column names regardless of
name conflicts among the individual FROM clauses.
"""
self.use_labels = True
@property
def _limit(self):
"""Get an integer value for the limit. This should only be used
by code that cannot support a limit as a BindParameter or
other custom clause as it will throw an exception if the limit
isn't currently set to an integer.
"""
return _offset_or_limit_clause_asint(self._limit_clause, "limit")
@property
def _simple_int_limit(self):
"""True if the LIMIT clause is a simple integer, False
if it is not present or is a SQL expression.
"""
return isinstance(self._limit_clause, _OffsetLimitParam)
@property
def _simple_int_offset(self):
"""True if the OFFSET clause is a simple integer, False
if it is not present or is a SQL expression.
"""
return isinstance(self._offset_clause, _OffsetLimitParam)
@property
def _offset(self):
"""Get an integer value for the offset. This should only be used
by code that cannot support an offset as a BindParameter or
other custom clause as it will throw an exception if the
offset isn't currently set to an integer.
"""
return _offset_or_limit_clause_asint(self._offset_clause, "offset")
@_generative
def limit(self, limit):
"""return a new selectable with the given LIMIT criterion
applied.
This is a numerical value which usually renders as a ``LIMIT``
expression in the resulting select. Backends that don't
support ``LIMIT`` will attempt to provide similar
functionality.
.. versionchanged:: 1.0.0 - :meth:`_expression.Select.limit` can now
accept arbitrary SQL expressions as well as integer values.
:param limit: an integer LIMIT parameter, or a SQL expression
that provides an integer result.
"""
self._limit_clause = _offset_or_limit_clause(limit)
@_generative
def offset(self, offset):
"""return a new selectable with the given OFFSET criterion
applied.
This is a numeric value which usually renders as an ``OFFSET``
expression in the resulting select. Backends that don't
support ``OFFSET`` will attempt to provide similar
functionality.
.. versionchanged:: 1.0.0 - :meth:`_expression.Select.offset` can now
accept arbitrary SQL expressions as well as integer values.
:param offset: an integer OFFSET parameter, or a SQL expression
that provides an integer result.
"""
self._offset_clause = _offset_or_limit_clause(offset)
@_generative
def order_by(self, *clauses):
r"""return a new selectable with the given list of ORDER BY
criterion applied.
e.g.::
stmt = select([table]).order_by(table.c.id, table.c.name)
:param \*order_by: a series of :class:`_expression.ColumnElement`
constructs
which will be used to generate an ORDER BY clause.
.. seealso::
:ref:`core_tutorial_ordering`
"""
self.append_order_by(*clauses)
@_generative
def group_by(self, *clauses):
r"""return a new selectable with the given list of GROUP BY
criterion applied.
e.g.::
stmt = select([table.c.name, func.max(table.c.stat)]).\
group_by(table.c.name)
:param \*group_by: a series of :class:`_expression.ColumnElement`
constructs
which will be used to generate an GROUP BY clause.
.. seealso::
:ref:`core_tutorial_ordering`
"""
self.append_group_by(*clauses)
def append_order_by(self, *clauses):
"""Append the given ORDER BY criterion applied to this selectable.
The criterion will be appended to any pre-existing ORDER BY criterion.
This is an **in-place** mutation method; the
:meth:`_expression.GenerativeSelect.order_by` method is preferred,
as it
provides standard :term:`method chaining`.
.. seealso::
:meth:`_expression.GenerativeSelect.order_by`
"""
if len(clauses) == 1 and clauses[0] is None:
self._order_by_clause = ClauseList()
else:
if getattr(self, "_order_by_clause", None) is not None:
clauses = list(self._order_by_clause) + list(clauses)
self._order_by_clause = ClauseList(
*clauses,
_literal_as_text=_literal_and_labels_as_label_reference
)
def append_group_by(self, *clauses):
"""Append the given GROUP BY criterion applied to this selectable.
The criterion will be appended to any pre-existing GROUP BY criterion.
This is an **in-place** mutation method; the
:meth:`_expression.GenerativeSelect.group_by` method is preferred,
as it
provides standard :term:`method chaining`.
.. seealso::
:meth:`_expression.GenerativeSelect.group_by`
"""
if len(clauses) == 1 and clauses[0] is None:
self._group_by_clause = ClauseList()
else:
if getattr(self, "_group_by_clause", None) is not None:
clauses = list(self._group_by_clause) + list(clauses)
self._group_by_clause = ClauseList(
*clauses, _literal_as_text=_literal_as_label_reference
)
@property
def _label_resolve_dict(self):
raise NotImplementedError()
def _copy_internals(self, clone=_clone, **kw):
if self._limit_clause is not None:
self._limit_clause = clone(self._limit_clause, **kw)
if self._offset_clause is not None:
self._offset_clause = clone(self._offset_clause, **kw)
class CompoundSelect(GenerativeSelect):
"""Forms the basis of ``UNION``, ``UNION ALL``, and other
SELECT-based set operations.
.. seealso::
:func:`_expression.union`
:func:`_expression.union_all`
:func:`_expression.intersect`
:func:`_expression.intersect_all`
:func:`_expression.except`
:func:`_expression.except_all`
"""
__visit_name__ = "compound_select"
UNION = util.symbol("UNION")
UNION_ALL = util.symbol("UNION ALL")
EXCEPT = util.symbol("EXCEPT")
EXCEPT_ALL = util.symbol("EXCEPT ALL")
INTERSECT = util.symbol("INTERSECT")
INTERSECT_ALL = util.symbol("INTERSECT ALL")
_is_from_container = True
def __init__(self, keyword, *selects, **kwargs):
self._auto_correlate = kwargs.pop("correlate", False)
self.keyword = keyword
self.selects = []
numcols = None
# some DBs do not like ORDER BY in the inner queries of a UNION, etc.
for n, s in enumerate(selects):
s = _clause_element_as_expr(s)
if not numcols:
numcols = len(s.c._all_columns)
elif len(s.c._all_columns) != numcols:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"All selectables passed to "
"CompoundSelect must have identical numbers of "
"columns; select #%d has %d columns, select "
"#%d has %d"
% (
1,
len(self.selects[0].c._all_columns),
n + 1,
len(s.c._all_columns),
)
)
self.selects.append(s.self_group(against=self))
GenerativeSelect.__init__(self, **kwargs)
@property
def _label_resolve_dict(self):
d = dict((c.key, c) for c in self.c)
return d, d, d
@classmethod
def _create_union(cls, *selects, **kwargs):
r"""Return a ``UNION`` of multiple selectables.
The returned object is an instance of
:class:`_selectable.CompoundSelect`.
A similar :func:`union()` method is available on all
:class:`_expression.FromClause` subclasses.
\*selects
a list of :class:`_expression.Select` instances.
\**kwargs
available keyword arguments are the same as those of
:func:`select`.
"""
return CompoundSelect(CompoundSelect.UNION, *selects, **kwargs)
@classmethod
def _create_union_all(cls, *selects, **kwargs):
r"""Return a ``UNION ALL`` of multiple selectables.
The returned object is an instance of
:class:`_selectable.CompoundSelect`.
A similar :func:`union_all()` method is available on all
:class:`_expression.FromClause` subclasses.
\*selects
a list of :class:`_expression.Select` instances.
\**kwargs
available keyword arguments are the same as those of
:func:`select`.
"""
return CompoundSelect(CompoundSelect.UNION_ALL, *selects, **kwargs)
@classmethod
def _create_except(cls, *selects, **kwargs):
r"""Return an ``EXCEPT`` of multiple selectables.
The returned object is an instance of
:class:`_selectable.CompoundSelect`.
\*selects
a list of :class:`_expression.Select` instances.
\**kwargs
available keyword arguments are the same as those of
:func:`select`.
"""
return CompoundSelect(CompoundSelect.EXCEPT, *selects, **kwargs)
@classmethod
def _create_except_all(cls, *selects, **kwargs):
r"""Return an ``EXCEPT ALL`` of multiple selectables.
The returned object is an instance of
:class:`_selectable.CompoundSelect`.
\*selects
a list of :class:`_expression.Select` instances.
\**kwargs
available keyword arguments are the same as those of
:func:`select`.
"""
return CompoundSelect(CompoundSelect.EXCEPT_ALL, *selects, **kwargs)
@classmethod
def _create_intersect(cls, *selects, **kwargs):
r"""Return an ``INTERSECT`` of multiple selectables.
The returned object is an instance of
:class:`_selectable.CompoundSelect`.
\*selects
a list of :class:`_expression.Select` instances.
\**kwargs
available keyword arguments are the same as those of
:func:`select`.
"""
return CompoundSelect(CompoundSelect.INTERSECT, *selects, **kwargs)
@classmethod
def _create_intersect_all(cls, *selects, **kwargs):
r"""Return an ``INTERSECT ALL`` of multiple selectables.
The returned object is an instance of
:class:`_selectable.CompoundSelect`.
\*selects
a list of :class:`_expression.Select` instances.
\**kwargs
available keyword arguments are the same as those of
:func:`select`.
"""
return CompoundSelect(CompoundSelect.INTERSECT_ALL, *selects, **kwargs)
def _scalar_type(self):
return self.selects[0]._scalar_type()
def self_group(self, against=None):
return FromGrouping(self)
def is_derived_from(self, fromclause):
for s in self.selects:
if s.is_derived_from(fromclause):
return True
return False
def _populate_column_collection(self):
for cols in zip(*[s.c._all_columns for s in self.selects]):
# this is a slightly hacky thing - the union exports a
# column that resembles just that of the *first* selectable.
# to get at a "composite" column, particularly foreign keys,
# you have to dig through the proxies collection which we
# generate below. We may want to improve upon this, such as
# perhaps _make_proxy can accept a list of other columns
# that are "shared" - schema.column can then copy all the
# ForeignKeys in. this would allow the union() to have all
# those fks too.
proxy = cols[0]._make_proxy(
self,
name=cols[0]._label if self.use_labels else None,
key=cols[0]._key_label if self.use_labels else None,
)
# hand-construct the "_proxies" collection to include all
# derived columns place a 'weight' annotation corresponding
# to how low in the list of select()s the column occurs, so
# that the corresponding_column() operation can resolve
# conflicts
proxy._proxies = [
c._annotate({"weight": i + 1}) for (i, c) in enumerate(cols)
]
def _refresh_for_new_column(self, column):
for s in self.selects:
s._refresh_for_new_column(column)
if not self._cols_populated:
return None
raise NotImplementedError(
"CompoundSelect constructs don't support "
"addition of columns to underlying "
"selectables"
)
def _copy_internals(self, clone=_clone, **kw):
super(CompoundSelect, self)._copy_internals(clone, **kw)
self._reset_exported()
self.selects = [clone(s, **kw) for s in self.selects]
if hasattr(self, "_col_map"):
del self._col_map
for attr in (
"_order_by_clause",
"_group_by_clause",
"_for_update_arg",
):
if getattr(self, attr) is not None:
setattr(self, attr, clone(getattr(self, attr), **kw))
def get_children(self, column_collections=True, **kwargs):
return (
(column_collections and list(self.c) or [])
+ [self._order_by_clause, self._group_by_clause]
+ list(self.selects)
)
def bind(self):
if self._bind:
return self._bind
for s in self.selects:
e = s.bind
if e:
return e
else:
return None
def _set_bind(self, bind):
self._bind = bind
bind = property(bind, _set_bind)
class Select(HasPrefixes, HasSuffixes, GenerativeSelect):
"""Represents a ``SELECT`` statement.
"""
__visit_name__ = "select"
_prefixes = ()
_suffixes = ()
_hints = util.immutabledict()
_statement_hints = ()
_distinct = False
_from_cloned = None
_correlate = ()
_correlate_except = None
_memoized_property = SelectBase._memoized_property
_is_select = True
@util.deprecated_params(
autocommit=(
"0.6",
"The :paramref:`_expression.select.autocommit` "
"parameter is deprecated "
"and will be removed in a future release. Please refer to "
"the :paramref:`.Connection.execution_options.autocommit` "
"parameter in conjunction with the the "
":meth:`.Executable.execution_options` method in order to "
"affect the autocommit behavior for a statement.",
),
for_update=(
"0.9",
"The :paramref:`_expression.select.for_update` "
"parameter is deprecated and "
"will be removed in a future release. Please refer to the "
":meth:`_expression.Select.with_for_update` to specify the "
"structure of the ``FOR UPDATE`` clause.",
),
)
def __init__(
self,
columns=None,
whereclause=None,
from_obj=None,
distinct=False,
having=None,
correlate=True,
prefixes=None,
suffixes=None,
**kwargs
):
"""Construct a new :class:`_expression.Select`.
Similar functionality is also available via the
:meth:`_expression.FromClause.select` method on any
:class:`_expression.FromClause`.
All arguments which accept :class:`_expression.ClauseElement`
arguments also
accept string arguments, which will be converted as appropriate into
either :func:`_expression.text()` or
:func:`_expression.literal_column()` constructs.
.. seealso::
:ref:`coretutorial_selecting` - Core Tutorial description of
:func:`_expression.select`.
:param columns:
A list of :class:`_expression.ColumnElement` or
:class:`_expression.FromClause`
objects which will form the columns clause of the resulting
statement. For those objects that are instances of
:class:`_expression.FromClause` (typically :class:`_schema.Table`
or :class:`_expression.Alias`
objects), the :attr:`_expression.FromClause.c`
collection is extracted
to form a collection of :class:`_expression.ColumnElement` objects.
This parameter will also accept :class:`_expression.TextClause`
constructs as
given, as well as ORM-mapped classes.
.. note::
The :paramref:`_expression.select.columns`
parameter is not available
in the method form of :func:`_expression.select`, e.g.
:meth:`_expression.FromClause.select`.
.. seealso::
:meth:`_expression.Select.column`
:meth:`_expression.Select.with_only_columns`
:param whereclause:
A :class:`_expression.ClauseElement`
expression which will be used to form the
``WHERE`` clause. It is typically preferable to add WHERE
criterion to an existing :class:`_expression.Select`
using method chaining
with :meth:`_expression.Select.where`.
.. seealso::
:meth:`_expression.Select.where`
:param from_obj:
A list of :class:`_expression.ClauseElement`
objects which will be added to the
``FROM`` clause of the resulting statement. This is equivalent
to calling :meth:`_expression.Select.select_from`
using method chaining on
an existing :class:`_expression.Select` object.
.. seealso::
:meth:`_expression.Select.select_from`
- full description of explicit
FROM clause specification.
:param autocommit: legacy autocommit parameter.
:param bind=None:
an :class:`_engine.Engine` or :class:`_engine.Connection` instance
to which the
resulting :class:`_expression.Select` object will be bound. The
:class:`_expression.Select`
object will otherwise automatically bind to
whatever :class:`~.base.Connectable` instances can be located within
its contained :class:`_expression.ClauseElement` members.
:param correlate=True:
indicates that this :class:`_expression.Select`
object should have its
contained :class:`_expression.FromClause`
elements "correlated" to an enclosing
:class:`_expression.Select` object.
It is typically preferable to specify
correlations on an existing :class:`_expression.Select`
construct using
:meth:`_expression.Select.correlate`.
.. seealso::
:meth:`_expression.Select.correlate`
- full description of correlation.
:param distinct=False:
when ``True``, applies a ``DISTINCT`` qualifier to the columns
clause of the resulting statement.
The boolean argument may also be a column expression or list
of column expressions - this is a special calling form which
is understood by the PostgreSQL dialect to render the
``DISTINCT ON (<columns>)`` syntax.
``distinct`` is also available on an existing
:class:`_expression.Select`
object via the :meth:`_expression.Select.distinct` method.
.. seealso::
:meth:`_expression.Select.distinct`
:param for_update=False:
when ``True``, applies ``FOR UPDATE`` to the end of the
resulting statement.
``for_update`` accepts various string values interpreted by
specific backends, including:
* ``"read"`` - on MySQL, translates to ``LOCK IN SHARE MODE``;
on PostgreSQL, translates to ``FOR SHARE``.
* ``"nowait"`` - on PostgreSQL and Oracle, translates to
``FOR UPDATE NOWAIT``.
* ``"read_nowait"`` - on PostgreSQL, translates to
``FOR SHARE NOWAIT``.
.. seealso::
:meth:`_expression.Select.with_for_update` - improved API for
specifying the ``FOR UPDATE`` clause.
:param group_by:
a list of :class:`_expression.ClauseElement`
objects which will comprise the
``GROUP BY`` clause of the resulting select. This parameter
is typically specified more naturally using the
:meth:`_expression.Select.group_by` method on an existing
:class:`_expression.Select`.
.. seealso::
:meth:`_expression.Select.group_by`
:param having:
a :class:`_expression.ClauseElement`
that will comprise the ``HAVING`` clause
of the resulting select when ``GROUP BY`` is used. This parameter
is typically specified more naturally using the
:meth:`_expression.Select.having` method on an existing
:class:`_expression.Select`.
.. seealso::
:meth:`_expression.Select.having`
:param limit=None:
a numerical value which usually renders as a ``LIMIT``
expression in the resulting select. Backends that don't
support ``LIMIT`` will attempt to provide similar
functionality. This parameter is typically specified more
naturally using the :meth:`_expression.Select.limit`
method on an existing
:class:`_expression.Select`.
.. seealso::
:meth:`_expression.Select.limit`
:param offset=None:
a numeric value which usually renders as an ``OFFSET``
expression in the resulting select. Backends that don't
support ``OFFSET`` will attempt to provide similar
functionality. This parameter is typically specified more naturally
using the :meth:`_expression.Select.offset` method on an existing
:class:`_expression.Select`.
.. seealso::
:meth:`_expression.Select.offset`
:param order_by:
a scalar or list of :class:`_expression.ClauseElement`
objects which will
comprise the ``ORDER BY`` clause of the resulting select.
This parameter is typically specified more naturally using the
:meth:`_expression.Select.order_by` method on an existing
:class:`_expression.Select`.
.. seealso::
:meth:`_expression.Select.order_by`
:param use_labels=False:
when ``True``, the statement will be generated using labels
for each column in the columns clause, which qualify each
column with its parent table's (or aliases) name so that name
conflicts between columns in different tables don't occur.
The format of the label is <tablename>_<column>. The "c"
collection of the resulting :class:`_expression.Select`
object will use these
names as well for targeting column members.
This parameter can also be specified on an existing
:class:`_expression.Select` object using the
:meth:`_expression.Select.apply_labels`
method.
.. seealso::
:meth:`_expression.Select.apply_labels`
"""
self._auto_correlate = correlate
if distinct is not False:
if distinct is True:
self._distinct = True
else:
self._distinct = [
_literal_as_label_reference(e)
for e in util.to_list(distinct)
]
if from_obj is not None:
self._from_obj = util.OrderedSet(
_interpret_as_from(f) for f in util.to_list(from_obj)
)
else:
self._from_obj = util.OrderedSet()
try:
cols_present = bool(columns)
except TypeError as err:
util.raise_(
exc.ArgumentError(
"columns argument to select() must "
"be a Python list or other iterable"
),
replace_context=err,
)
if cols_present:
self._raw_columns = []
for c in columns:
c = _interpret_as_column_or_from(c)
if isinstance(c, ScalarSelect):
c = c.self_group(against=operators.comma_op)
self._raw_columns.append(c)
else:
self._raw_columns = []
if whereclause is not None:
self._whereclause = _literal_as_text(whereclause).self_group(
against=operators._asbool
)
else:
self._whereclause = None
if having is not None:
self._having = _literal_as_text(having).self_group(
against=operators._asbool
)
else:
self._having = None
if prefixes:
self._setup_prefixes(prefixes)
if suffixes:
self._setup_suffixes(suffixes)
GenerativeSelect.__init__(self, **kwargs)
@property
def _froms(self):
# would love to cache this,
# but there's just enough edge cases, particularly now that
# declarative encourages construction of SQL expressions
# without tables present, to just regen this each time.
froms = []
seen = set()
translate = self._from_cloned
for item in itertools.chain(
_from_objects(*self._raw_columns),
_from_objects(self._whereclause)
if self._whereclause is not None
else (),
self._from_obj,
):
if item is self:
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"select() construct refers to itself as a FROM"
)
if translate and item in translate:
item = translate[item]
if not seen.intersection(item._cloned_set):
froms.append(item)
seen.update(item._cloned_set)
return froms
def _get_display_froms(
self, explicit_correlate_froms=None, implicit_correlate_froms=None
):
"""Return the full list of 'from' clauses to be displayed.
Takes into account a set of existing froms which may be
rendered in the FROM clause of enclosing selects; this Select
may want to leave those absent if it is automatically
correlating.
"""
froms = self._froms
toremove = set(
itertools.chain(*[_expand_cloned(f._hide_froms) for f in froms])
)
if toremove:
# if we're maintaining clones of froms,
# add the copies out to the toremove list. only include
# clones that are lexical equivalents.
if self._from_cloned:
toremove.update(
self._from_cloned[f]
for f in toremove.intersection(self._from_cloned)
if self._from_cloned[f]._is_lexical_equivalent(f)
)
# filter out to FROM clauses not in the list,
# using a list to maintain ordering
froms = [f for f in froms if f not in toremove]
if self._correlate:
to_correlate = self._correlate
if to_correlate:
froms = [
f
for f in froms
if f
not in _cloned_intersection(
_cloned_intersection(
froms, explicit_correlate_froms or ()
),
to_correlate,
)
]
if self._correlate_except is not None:
froms = [
f
for f in froms
if f
not in _cloned_difference(
_cloned_intersection(
froms, explicit_correlate_froms or ()
),
self._correlate_except,
)
]
if (
self._auto_correlate
and implicit_correlate_froms
and len(froms) > 1
):
froms = [
f
for f in froms
if f
not in _cloned_intersection(froms, implicit_correlate_froms)
]
if not len(froms):
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"Select statement '%s"
"' returned no FROM clauses "
"due to auto-correlation; "
"specify correlate(<tables>) "
"to control correlation "
"manually." % self
)
return froms
def _scalar_type(self):
elem = self._raw_columns[0]
cols = list(elem._select_iterable)
return cols[0].type
@property
def froms(self):
"""Return the displayed list of FromClause elements."""
return self._get_display_froms()
def with_statement_hint(self, text, dialect_name="*"):
"""add a statement hint to this :class:`_expression.Select`.
This method is similar to :meth:`_expression.Select.with_hint`
except that
it does not require an individual table, and instead applies to the
statement as a whole.
Hints here are specific to the backend database and may include
directives such as isolation levels, file directives, fetch directives,
etc.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.0
.. seealso::
:meth:`_expression.Select.with_hint`
:meth:`.Select.prefix_with` - generic SELECT prefixing which also
can suit some database-specific HINT syntaxes such as MySQL
optimizer hints
"""
return self.with_hint(None, text, dialect_name)
@_generative
def with_hint(self, selectable, text, dialect_name="*"):
r"""Add an indexing or other executional context hint for the given
selectable to this :class:`_expression.Select`.
The text of the hint is rendered in the appropriate
location for the database backend in use, relative
to the given :class:`_schema.Table` or :class:`_expression.Alias`
passed as the
``selectable`` argument. The dialect implementation
typically uses Python string substitution syntax
with the token ``%(name)s`` to render the name of
the table or alias. E.g. when using Oracle, the
following::
select([mytable]).\
with_hint(mytable, "index(%(name)s ix_mytable)")
Would render SQL as::
select /*+ index(mytable ix_mytable) */ ... from mytable
The ``dialect_name`` option will limit the rendering of a particular
hint to a particular backend. Such as, to add hints for both Oracle
and Sybase simultaneously::
select([mytable]).\
with_hint(mytable, "index(%(name)s ix_mytable)", 'oracle').\
with_hint(mytable, "WITH INDEX ix_mytable", 'sybase')
.. seealso::
:meth:`_expression.Select.with_statement_hint`
"""
if selectable is None:
self._statement_hints += ((dialect_name, text),)
else:
self._hints = self._hints.union({(selectable, dialect_name): text})
@property
def type(self):
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"Select objects don't have a type. "
"Call as_scalar() on this Select "
"object to return a 'scalar' version "
"of this Select."
)
@_memoized_property.method
def locate_all_froms(self):
"""return a Set of all FromClause elements referenced by this Select.
This set is a superset of that returned by the ``froms`` property,
which is specifically for those FromClause elements that would
actually be rendered.
"""
froms = self._froms
return froms + list(_from_objects(*froms))
@property
def inner_columns(self):
"""an iterator of all ColumnElement expressions which would
be rendered into the columns clause of the resulting SELECT statement.
"""
return _select_iterables(self._raw_columns)
@_memoized_property
def _label_resolve_dict(self):
with_cols = dict(
(c._resolve_label or c._label or c.key, c)
for c in _select_iterables(self._raw_columns)
if c._allow_label_resolve
)
only_froms = dict(
(c.key, c)
for c in _select_iterables(self.froms)
if c._allow_label_resolve
)
only_cols = with_cols.copy()
for key, value in only_froms.items():
with_cols.setdefault(key, value)
return with_cols, only_froms, only_cols
def is_derived_from(self, fromclause):
if self in fromclause._cloned_set:
return True
for f in self.locate_all_froms():
if f.is_derived_from(fromclause):
return True
return False
def _copy_internals(self, clone=_clone, **kw):
super(Select, self)._copy_internals(clone, **kw)
# Select() object has been cloned and probably adapted by the
# given clone function. Apply the cloning function to internal
# objects
# 1. keep a dictionary of the froms we've cloned, and what
# they've become. This is consulted later when we derive
# additional froms from "whereclause" and the columns clause,
# which may still reference the uncloned parent table.
# as of 0.7.4 we also put the current version of _froms, which
# gets cleared on each generation. previously we were "baking"
# _froms into self._from_obj.
self._from_cloned = from_cloned = dict(
(f, clone(f, **kw)) for f in self._from_obj.union(self._froms)
)
# 3. update persistent _from_obj with the cloned versions.
self._from_obj = util.OrderedSet(
from_cloned[f] for f in self._from_obj
)
# the _correlate collection is done separately, what can happen
# here is the same item is _correlate as in _from_obj but the
# _correlate version has an annotation on it - (specifically
# RelationshipProperty.Comparator._criterion_exists() does
# this). Also keep _correlate liberally open with its previous
# contents, as this set is used for matching, not rendering.
self._correlate = set(clone(f, **kw) for f in self._correlate).union(
self._correlate
)
# do something similar for _correlate_except - this is a more
# unusual case but same idea applies
if self._correlate_except:
self._correlate_except = set(
clone(f, **kw) for f in self._correlate_except
).union(self._correlate_except)
# 4. clone other things. The difficulty here is that Column
# objects are not actually cloned, and refer to their original
# .table, resulting in the wrong "from" parent after a clone
# operation. Hence _from_cloned and _from_obj supersede what is
# present here.
self._raw_columns = [clone(c, **kw) for c in self._raw_columns]
for attr in (
"_whereclause",
"_having",
"_order_by_clause",
"_group_by_clause",
"_for_update_arg",
):
if getattr(self, attr) is not None:
setattr(self, attr, clone(getattr(self, attr), **kw))
# erase exported column list, _froms collection,
# etc.
self._reset_exported()
def get_children(self, column_collections=True, **kwargs):
"""return child elements as per the ClauseElement specification."""
return (
(column_collections and list(self.columns) or [])
+ self._raw_columns
+ list(self._froms)
+ [
x
for x in (
self._whereclause,
self._having,
self._order_by_clause,
self._group_by_clause,
)
if x is not None
]
)
@_generative
def column(self, column):
"""return a new select() construct with the given column expression
added to its columns clause.
E.g.::
my_select = my_select.column(table.c.new_column)
See the documentation for
:meth:`_expression.Select.with_only_columns`
for guidelines on adding /replacing the columns of a
:class:`_expression.Select` object.
"""
self.append_column(column)
@util.dependencies("sqlalchemy.sql.util")
def reduce_columns(self, sqlutil, only_synonyms=True):
"""Return a new :func`.select` construct with redundantly
named, equivalently-valued columns removed from the columns clause.
"Redundant" here means two columns where one refers to the
other either based on foreign key, or via a simple equality
comparison in the WHERE clause of the statement. The primary purpose
of this method is to automatically construct a select statement
with all uniquely-named columns, without the need to use
table-qualified labels as :meth:`_expression.Select.apply_labels` does
.
When columns are omitted based on foreign key, the referred-to
column is the one that's kept. When columns are omitted based on
WHERE equivalence, the first column in the columns clause is the
one that's kept.
:param only_synonyms: when True, limit the removal of columns
to those which have the same name as the equivalent. Otherwise,
all columns that are equivalent to another are removed.
"""
return self.with_only_columns(
sqlutil.reduce_columns(
self.inner_columns,
only_synonyms=only_synonyms,
*(self._whereclause,) + tuple(self._from_obj)
)
)
@_generative
def with_only_columns(self, columns):
r"""Return a new :func:`_expression.select` construct with its columns
clause replaced with the given columns.
This method is exactly equivalent to as if the original
:func:`_expression.select` had been called with the given columns
clause. I.e. a statement::
s = select([table1.c.a, table1.c.b])
s = s.with_only_columns([table1.c.b])
should be exactly equivalent to::
s = select([table1.c.b])
This means that FROM clauses which are only derived
from the column list will be discarded if the new column
list no longer contains that FROM::
>>> table1 = table('t1', column('a'), column('b'))
>>> table2 = table('t2', column('a'), column('b'))
>>> s1 = select([table1.c.a, table2.c.b])
>>> print(s1)
SELECT t1.a, t2.b FROM t1, t2
>>> s2 = s1.with_only_columns([table2.c.b])
>>> print(s2)
SELECT t2.b FROM t1
The preferred way to maintain a specific FROM clause
in the construct, assuming it won't be represented anywhere
else (i.e. not in the WHERE clause, etc.) is to set it using
:meth:`_expression.Select.select_from`::
>>> s1 = select([table1.c.a, table2.c.b]).\
... select_from(table1.join(table2,
... table1.c.a==table2.c.a))
>>> s2 = s1.with_only_columns([table2.c.b])
>>> print(s2)
SELECT t2.b FROM t1 JOIN t2 ON t1.a=t2.a
Care should also be taken to use the correct
set of column objects passed to
:meth:`_expression.Select.with_only_columns`.
Since the method is essentially equivalent to calling the
:func:`_expression.select` construct in the first place with the given
columns, the columns passed to
:meth:`_expression.Select.with_only_columns`
should usually be a subset of those which were passed
to the :func:`_expression.select` construct,
not those which are available
from the ``.c`` collection of that :func:`_expression.select`. That
is::
s = select([table1.c.a, table1.c.b]).select_from(table1)
s = s.with_only_columns([table1.c.b])
and **not**::
# usually incorrect
s = s.with_only_columns([s.c.b])
The latter would produce the SQL::
SELECT b
FROM (SELECT t1.a AS a, t1.b AS b
FROM t1), t1
Since the :func:`_expression.select` construct is essentially being
asked to select both from ``table1`` as well as itself.
"""
self._reset_exported()
rc = []
for c in columns:
c = _interpret_as_column_or_from(c)
if isinstance(c, ScalarSelect):
c = c.self_group(against=operators.comma_op)
rc.append(c)
self._raw_columns = rc
@_generative
def where(self, whereclause):
"""return a new select() construct with the given expression added to
its WHERE clause, joined to the existing clause via AND, if any.
"""
self.append_whereclause(whereclause)
@_generative
def having(self, having):
"""return a new select() construct with the given expression added to
its HAVING clause, joined to the existing clause via AND, if any.
"""
self.append_having(having)
@_generative
def distinct(self, *expr):
r"""Return a new select() construct which will apply DISTINCT to its
columns clause.
:param \*expr: optional column expressions. When present,
the PostgreSQL dialect will render a ``DISTINCT ON (<expressions>>)``
construct.
"""
if expr:
expr = [_literal_as_label_reference(e) for e in expr]
if isinstance(self._distinct, list):
self._distinct = self._distinct + expr
else:
self._distinct = expr
else:
self._distinct = True
@_generative
def select_from(self, fromclause):
r"""return a new :func:`_expression.select` construct with the
given FROM expression
merged into its list of FROM objects.
E.g.::
table1 = table('t1', column('a'))
table2 = table('t2', column('b'))
s = select([table1.c.a]).\
select_from(
table1.join(table2, table1.c.a==table2.c.b)
)
The "from" list is a unique set on the identity of each element,
so adding an already present :class:`_schema.Table`
or other selectable
will have no effect. Passing a :class:`_expression.Join` that refers
to an already present :class:`_schema.Table`
or other selectable will have
the effect of concealing the presence of that selectable as
an individual element in the rendered FROM list, instead
rendering it into a JOIN clause.
While the typical purpose of :meth:`_expression.Select.select_from`
is to
replace the default, derived FROM clause with a join, it can
also be called with individual table elements, multiple times
if desired, in the case that the FROM clause cannot be fully
derived from the columns clause::
select([func.count('*')]).select_from(table1)
"""
self.append_from(fromclause)
@_generative
def correlate(self, *fromclauses):
r"""return a new :class:`_expression.Select`
which will correlate the given FROM
clauses to that of an enclosing :class:`_expression.Select`.
Calling this method turns off the :class:`_expression.Select` object's
default behavior of "auto-correlation". Normally, FROM elements
which appear in a :class:`_expression.Select`
that encloses this one via
its :term:`WHERE clause`, ORDER BY, HAVING or
:term:`columns clause` will be omitted from this
:class:`_expression.Select`
object's :term:`FROM clause`.
Setting an explicit correlation collection using the
:meth:`_expression.Select.correlate`
method provides a fixed list of FROM objects
that can potentially take place in this process.
When :meth:`_expression.Select.correlate`
is used to apply specific FROM clauses
for correlation, the FROM elements become candidates for
correlation regardless of how deeply nested this
:class:`_expression.Select`
object is, relative to an enclosing :class:`_expression.Select`
which refers to
the same FROM object. This is in contrast to the behavior of
"auto-correlation" which only correlates to an immediate enclosing
:class:`_expression.Select`.
Multi-level correlation ensures that the link
between enclosed and enclosing :class:`_expression.Select`
is always via
at least one WHERE/ORDER BY/HAVING/columns clause in order for
correlation to take place.
If ``None`` is passed, the :class:`_expression.Select`
object will correlate
none of its FROM entries, and all will render unconditionally
in the local FROM clause.
:param \*fromclauses: a list of one or more
:class:`_expression.FromClause`
constructs, or other compatible constructs (i.e. ORM-mapped
classes) to become part of the correlate collection.
.. seealso::
:meth:`_expression.Select.correlate_except`
:ref:`correlated_subqueries`
"""
self._auto_correlate = False
if fromclauses and fromclauses[0] is None:
self._correlate = ()
else:
self._correlate = set(self._correlate).union(
_interpret_as_from(f) for f in fromclauses
)
@_generative
def correlate_except(self, *fromclauses):
r"""return a new :class:`_expression.Select`
which will omit the given FROM
clauses from the auto-correlation process.
Calling :meth:`_expression.Select.correlate_except` turns off the
:class:`_expression.Select` object's default behavior of
"auto-correlation" for the given FROM elements. An element
specified here will unconditionally appear in the FROM list, while
all other FROM elements remain subject to normal auto-correlation
behaviors.
If ``None`` is passed, the :class:`_expression.Select`
object will correlate
all of its FROM entries.
:param \*fromclauses: a list of one or more
:class:`_expression.FromClause`
constructs, or other compatible constructs (i.e. ORM-mapped
classes) to become part of the correlate-exception collection.
.. seealso::
:meth:`_expression.Select.correlate`
:ref:`correlated_subqueries`
"""
self._auto_correlate = False
if fromclauses and fromclauses[0] is None:
self._correlate_except = ()
else:
self._correlate_except = set(self._correlate_except or ()).union(
_interpret_as_from(f) for f in fromclauses
)
def append_correlation(self, fromclause):
"""append the given correlation expression to this select()
construct.
This is an **in-place** mutation method; the
:meth:`_expression.Select.correlate` method is preferred,
as it provides
standard :term:`method chaining`.
"""
self._auto_correlate = False
self._correlate = set(self._correlate).union(
_interpret_as_from(f) for f in fromclause
)
def append_column(self, column):
"""append the given column expression to the columns clause of this
select() construct.
E.g.::
my_select.append_column(some_table.c.new_column)
This is an **in-place** mutation method; the
:meth:`_expression.Select.column` method is preferred,
as it provides standard
:term:`method chaining`.
See the documentation for :meth:`_expression.Select.with_only_columns`
for guidelines on adding /replacing the columns of a
:class:`_expression.Select` object.
"""
self._reset_exported()
column = _interpret_as_column_or_from(column)
if isinstance(column, ScalarSelect):
column = column.self_group(against=operators.comma_op)
self._raw_columns = self._raw_columns + [column]
def append_prefix(self, clause):
"""append the given columns clause prefix expression to this select()
construct.
This is an **in-place** mutation method; the
:meth:`_expression.Select.prefix_with` method is preferred,
as it provides
standard :term:`method chaining`.
"""
clause = _literal_as_text(clause)
self._prefixes = self._prefixes + (clause,)
def append_whereclause(self, whereclause):
"""append the given expression to this select() construct's WHERE
criterion.
The expression will be joined to existing WHERE criterion via AND.
This is an **in-place** mutation method; the
:meth:`_expression.Select.where` method is preferred,
as it provides standard
:term:`method chaining`.
"""
self._reset_exported()
self._whereclause = and_(True_._ifnone(self._whereclause), whereclause)
def append_having(self, having):
"""append the given expression to this select() construct's HAVING
criterion.
The expression will be joined to existing HAVING criterion via AND.
This is an **in-place** mutation method; the
:meth:`_expression.Select.having` method is preferred,
as it provides standard
:term:`method chaining`.
"""
self._reset_exported()
self._having = and_(True_._ifnone(self._having), having)
def append_from(self, fromclause):
"""append the given FromClause expression to this select() construct's
FROM clause.
This is an **in-place** mutation method; the
:meth:`_expression.Select.select_from` method is preferred,
as it provides
standard :term:`method chaining`.
"""
self._reset_exported()
fromclause = _interpret_as_from(fromclause)
self._from_obj = self._from_obj.union([fromclause])
@_memoized_property
def _columns_plus_names(self):
if self.use_labels:
names = set()
def name_for_col(c):
if c._label is None or not c._render_label_in_columns_clause:
return (None, c)
name = c._label
if name in names:
name = c.anon_label
else:
names.add(name)
return name, c
return [
name_for_col(c)
for c in util.unique_list(_select_iterables(self._raw_columns))
]
else:
return [
(None, c)
for c in util.unique_list(_select_iterables(self._raw_columns))
]
def _populate_column_collection(self):
for name, c in self._columns_plus_names:
if not hasattr(c, "_make_proxy"):
continue
if name is None:
key = None
elif self.use_labels:
key = c._key_label
if key is not None and key in self.c:
key = c.anon_label
else:
key = None
c._make_proxy(self, key=key, name=name, name_is_truncatable=True)
def _refresh_for_new_column(self, column):
for fromclause in self._froms:
col = fromclause._refresh_for_new_column(column)
if col is not None:
if col in self.inner_columns and self._cols_populated:
our_label = col._key_label if self.use_labels else col.key
if our_label not in self.c:
return col._make_proxy(
self,
name=col._label if self.use_labels else None,
key=col._key_label if self.use_labels else None,
name_is_truncatable=True,
)
return None
return None
def _needs_parens_for_grouping(self):
return (
self._limit_clause is not None
or self._offset_clause is not None
or bool(self._order_by_clause.clauses)
)
def self_group(self, against=None):
"""return a 'grouping' construct as per the ClauseElement
specification.
This produces an element that can be embedded in an expression. Note
that this method is called automatically as needed when constructing
expressions and should not require explicit use.
"""
if (
isinstance(against, CompoundSelect)
and not self._needs_parens_for_grouping()
):
return self
return FromGrouping(self)
def union(self, other, **kwargs):
"""return a SQL UNION of this select() construct against the given
selectable."""
return CompoundSelect._create_union(self, other, **kwargs)
def union_all(self, other, **kwargs):
"""return a SQL UNION ALL of this select() construct against the given
selectable.
"""
return CompoundSelect._create_union_all(self, other, **kwargs)
def except_(self, other, **kwargs):
"""return a SQL EXCEPT of this select() construct against the given
selectable."""
return CompoundSelect._create_except(self, other, **kwargs)
def except_all(self, other, **kwargs):
"""return a SQL EXCEPT ALL of this select() construct against the
given selectable.
"""
return CompoundSelect._create_except_all(self, other, **kwargs)
def intersect(self, other, **kwargs):
"""return a SQL INTERSECT of this select() construct against the given
selectable.
"""
return CompoundSelect._create_intersect(self, other, **kwargs)
def intersect_all(self, other, **kwargs):
"""return a SQL INTERSECT ALL of this select() construct against the
given selectable.
"""
return CompoundSelect._create_intersect_all(self, other, **kwargs)
def bind(self):
if self._bind:
return self._bind
froms = self._froms
if not froms:
for c in self._raw_columns:
e = c.bind
if e:
self._bind = e
return e
else:
e = list(froms)[0].bind
if e:
self._bind = e
return e
return None
def _set_bind(self, bind):
self._bind = bind
bind = property(bind, _set_bind)
class ScalarSelect(Generative, Grouping):
_from_objects = []
_is_from_container = True
_is_implicitly_boolean = False
def __init__(self, element):
self.element = element
self.type = element._scalar_type()
@property
def columns(self):
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"Scalar Select expression has no "
"columns; use this object directly "
"within a column-level expression."
)
c = columns
@_generative
def where(self, crit):
"""Apply a WHERE clause to the SELECT statement referred to
by this :class:`_expression.ScalarSelect`.
"""
self.element = self.element.where(crit)
def self_group(self, **kwargs):
return self
class Exists(UnaryExpression):
"""Represent an ``EXISTS`` clause.
"""
__visit_name__ = UnaryExpression.__visit_name__
_from_objects = []
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""Construct a new :class:`_expression.Exists` against an existing
:class:`_expression.Select` object.
Calling styles are of the following forms::
# use on an existing select()
s = select([table.c.col1]).where(table.c.col2==5)
s = exists(s)
# construct a select() at once
exists(['*'], **select_arguments).where(criterion)
# columns argument is optional, generates "EXISTS (SELECT *)"
# by default.
exists().where(table.c.col2==5)
"""
if args and isinstance(args[0], (SelectBase, ScalarSelect)):
s = args[0]
else:
if not args:
args = ([literal_column("*")],)
s = Select(*args, **kwargs).as_scalar().self_group()
UnaryExpression.__init__(
self,
s,
operator=operators.exists,
type_=type_api.BOOLEANTYPE,
wraps_column_expression=True,
)
def select(self, whereclause=None, **params):
return Select([self], whereclause, **params)
def correlate(self, *fromclause):
e = self._clone()
e.element = self.element.correlate(*fromclause).self_group()
return e
def correlate_except(self, *fromclause):
e = self._clone()
e.element = self.element.correlate_except(*fromclause).self_group()
return e
def select_from(self, clause):
"""return a new :class:`_expression.Exists` construct,
applying the given
expression to the :meth:`_expression.Select.select_from`
method of the select
statement contained.
"""
e = self._clone()
e.element = self.element.select_from(clause).self_group()
return e
def where(self, clause):
"""return a new exists() construct with the given expression added to
its WHERE clause, joined to the existing clause via AND, if any.
"""
e = self._clone()
e.element = self.element.where(clause).self_group()
return e
class TextAsFrom(SelectBase):
"""Wrap a :class:`_expression.TextClause` construct within a
:class:`_expression.SelectBase`
interface.
This allows the :class:`_expression.TextClause` object to gain a ``.
c`` collection
and other FROM-like capabilities such as
:meth:`_expression.FromClause.alias`,
:meth:`_expression.SelectBase.cte`, etc.
The :class:`.TextAsFrom` construct is produced via the
:meth:`_expression.TextClause.columns`
method - see that method for details.
.. versionadded:: 0.9.0
.. seealso::
:func:`_expression.text`
:meth:`_expression.TextClause.columns`
"""
__visit_name__ = "text_as_from"
_textual = True
def __init__(self, text, columns, positional=False):
self.element = text
self.column_args = columns
self.positional = positional
@property
def _bind(self):
return self.element._bind
@_generative
def bindparams(self, *binds, **bind_as_values):
self.element = self.element.bindparams(*binds, **bind_as_values)
def _populate_column_collection(self):
for c in self.column_args:
c._make_proxy(self)
def _copy_internals(self, clone=_clone, **kw):
self._reset_exported()
self.element = clone(self.element, **kw)
def _scalar_type(self):
return self.column_args[0].type
class AnnotatedFromClause(Annotated):
def __init__(self, element, values):
# force FromClause to generate their internal
# collections into __dict__
element.c
Annotated.__init__(self, element, values)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/sqlalchemy
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/sqlalchemy/sql/dml.py
|
# sql/dml.py
# Copyright (C) 2009-2020 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
Provide :class:`_expression.Insert`, :class:`_expression.Update` and
:class:`_expression.Delete`.
"""
from .base import _from_objects
from .base import _generative
from .base import DialectKWArgs
from .base import Executable
from .elements import _clone
from .elements import _column_as_key
from .elements import _literal_as_text
from .elements import and_
from .elements import ClauseElement
from .elements import Null
from .selectable import _interpret_as_from
from .selectable import _interpret_as_select
from .selectable import HasCTE
from .selectable import HasPrefixes
from .. import exc
from .. import util
class UpdateBase(
HasCTE, DialectKWArgs, HasPrefixes, Executable, ClauseElement
):
"""Form the base for ``INSERT``, ``UPDATE``, and ``DELETE`` statements.
"""
__visit_name__ = "update_base"
_execution_options = Executable._execution_options.union(
{"autocommit": True}
)
_hints = util.immutabledict()
_parameter_ordering = None
_prefixes = ()
named_with_column = False
def _process_colparams(self, parameters):
def process_single(p):
if isinstance(p, (list, tuple)):
return dict((c.key, pval) for c, pval in zip(self.table.c, p))
else:
return p
if self._preserve_parameter_order and parameters is not None:
if not isinstance(parameters, list) or (
parameters and not isinstance(parameters[0], tuple)
):
raise ValueError(
"When preserve_parameter_order is True, "
"values() only accepts a list of 2-tuples"
)
self._parameter_ordering = [key for key, value in parameters]
return dict(parameters), False
if (
isinstance(parameters, (list, tuple))
and parameters
and isinstance(parameters[0], (list, tuple, dict))
):
if not self._supports_multi_parameters:
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"This construct does not support "
"multiple parameter sets."
)
return [process_single(p) for p in parameters], True
else:
return process_single(parameters), False
def params(self, *arg, **kw):
"""Set the parameters for the statement.
This method raises ``NotImplementedError`` on the base class,
and is overridden by :class:`.ValuesBase` to provide the
SET/VALUES clause of UPDATE and INSERT.
"""
raise NotImplementedError(
"params() is not supported for INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE statements."
" To set the values for an INSERT or UPDATE statement, use"
" stmt.values(**parameters)."
)
def bind(self):
"""Return a 'bind' linked to this :class:`.UpdateBase`
or a :class:`_schema.Table` associated with it.
"""
return self._bind or self.table.bind
def _set_bind(self, bind):
self._bind = bind
bind = property(bind, _set_bind)
@_generative
def returning(self, *cols):
r"""Add a :term:`RETURNING` or equivalent clause to this statement.
e.g.::
stmt = table.update().\
where(table.c.data == 'value').\
values(status='X').\
returning(table.c.server_flag,
table.c.updated_timestamp)
for server_flag, updated_timestamp in connection.execute(stmt):
print(server_flag, updated_timestamp)
The given collection of column expressions should be derived from
the table that is
the target of the INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE. While
:class:`_schema.Column`
objects are typical, the elements can also be expressions::
stmt = table.insert().returning(
(table.c.first_name + " " + table.c.last_name).
label('fullname'))
Upon compilation, a RETURNING clause, or database equivalent,
will be rendered within the statement. For INSERT and UPDATE,
the values are the newly inserted/updated values. For DELETE,
the values are those of the rows which were deleted.
Upon execution, the values of the columns to be returned are made
available via the result set and can be iterated using
:meth:`_engine.ResultProxy.fetchone` and similar.
For DBAPIs which do not
natively support returning values (i.e. cx_oracle), SQLAlchemy will
approximate this behavior at the result level so that a reasonable
amount of behavioral neutrality is provided.
Note that not all databases/DBAPIs
support RETURNING. For those backends with no support,
an exception is raised upon compilation and/or execution.
For those who do support it, the functionality across backends
varies greatly, including restrictions on executemany()
and other statements which return multiple rows. Please
read the documentation notes for the database in use in
order to determine the availability of RETURNING.
.. seealso::
:meth:`.ValuesBase.return_defaults` - an alternative method tailored
towards efficient fetching of server-side defaults and triggers
for single-row INSERTs or UPDATEs.
"""
self._returning = cols
@_generative
def with_hint(self, text, selectable=None, dialect_name="*"):
"""Add a table hint for a single table to this
INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE statement.
.. note::
:meth:`.UpdateBase.with_hint` currently applies only to
Microsoft SQL Server. For MySQL INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE hints, use
:meth:`.UpdateBase.prefix_with`.
The text of the hint is rendered in the appropriate
location for the database backend in use, relative
to the :class:`_schema.Table` that is the subject of this
statement, or optionally to that of the given
:class:`_schema.Table` passed as the ``selectable`` argument.
The ``dialect_name`` option will limit the rendering of a particular
hint to a particular backend. Such as, to add a hint
that only takes effect for SQL Server::
mytable.insert().with_hint("WITH (PAGLOCK)", dialect_name="mssql")
:param text: Text of the hint.
:param selectable: optional :class:`_schema.Table` that specifies
an element of the FROM clause within an UPDATE or DELETE
to be the subject of the hint - applies only to certain backends.
:param dialect_name: defaults to ``*``, if specified as the name
of a particular dialect, will apply these hints only when
that dialect is in use.
"""
if selectable is None:
selectable = self.table
self._hints = self._hints.union({(selectable, dialect_name): text})
class ValuesBase(UpdateBase):
"""Supplies support for :meth:`.ValuesBase.values` to
INSERT and UPDATE constructs."""
__visit_name__ = "values_base"
_supports_multi_parameters = False
_has_multi_parameters = False
_preserve_parameter_order = False
select = None
_post_values_clause = None
def __init__(self, table, values, prefixes):
self.table = _interpret_as_from(table)
self.parameters, self._has_multi_parameters = self._process_colparams(
values
)
if prefixes:
self._setup_prefixes(prefixes)
@_generative
def values(self, *args, **kwargs):
r"""specify a fixed VALUES clause for an INSERT statement, or the SET
clause for an UPDATE.
Note that the :class:`_expression.Insert` and
:class:`_expression.Update` constructs support
per-execution time formatting of the VALUES and/or SET clauses,
based on the arguments passed to :meth:`_engine.Connection.execute`.
However, the :meth:`.ValuesBase.values` method can be used to "fix" a
particular set of parameters into the statement.
Multiple calls to :meth:`.ValuesBase.values` will produce a new
construct, each one with the parameter list modified to include
the new parameters sent. In the typical case of a single
dictionary of parameters, the newly passed keys will replace
the same keys in the previous construct. In the case of a list-based
"multiple values" construct, each new list of values is extended
onto the existing list of values.
:param \**kwargs: key value pairs representing the string key
of a :class:`_schema.Column`
mapped to the value to be rendered into the
VALUES or SET clause::
users.insert().values(name="some name")
users.update().where(users.c.id==5).values(name="some name")
:param \*args: As an alternative to passing key/value parameters,
a dictionary, tuple, or list of dictionaries or tuples can be passed
as a single positional argument in order to form the VALUES or
SET clause of the statement. The forms that are accepted vary
based on whether this is an :class:`_expression.Insert` or an
:class:`_expression.Update`
construct.
For either an :class:`_expression.Insert` or
:class:`_expression.Update` construct, a
single dictionary can be passed, which works the same as that of
the kwargs form::
users.insert().values({"name": "some name"})
users.update().values({"name": "some new name"})
Also for either form but more typically for the
:class:`_expression.Insert`
construct, a tuple that contains an entry for every column in the
table is also accepted::
users.insert().values((5, "some name"))
The :class:`_expression.Insert`
construct also supports being passed a list
of dictionaries or full-table-tuples, which on the server will
render the less common SQL syntax of "multiple values" - this
syntax is supported on backends such as SQLite, PostgreSQL, MySQL,
but not necessarily others::
users.insert().values([
{"name": "some name"},
{"name": "some other name"},
{"name": "yet another name"},
])
The above form would render a multiple VALUES statement similar to::
INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES
(:name_1),
(:name_2),
(:name_3)
It is essential to note that **passing multiple values is
NOT the same as using traditional executemany() form**. The above
syntax is a **special** syntax not typically used. To emit an
INSERT statement against multiple rows, the normal method is
to pass a multiple values list to the
:meth:`_engine.Connection.execute`
method, which is supported by all database backends and is generally
more efficient for a very large number of parameters.
.. seealso::
:ref:`execute_multiple` - an introduction to
the traditional Core method of multiple parameter set
invocation for INSERTs and other statements.
.. versionchanged:: 1.0.0 an INSERT that uses a multiple-VALUES
clause, even a list of length one,
implies that the :paramref:`_expression.Insert.inline`
flag is set to
True, indicating that the statement will not attempt to fetch
the "last inserted primary key" or other defaults. The
statement deals with an arbitrary number of rows, so the
:attr:`_engine.ResultProxy.inserted_primary_key`
accessor does not
apply.
.. versionchanged:: 1.0.0 A multiple-VALUES INSERT now supports
columns with Python side default values and callables in the
same way as that of an "executemany" style of invocation; the
callable is invoked for each row. See :ref:`bug_3288`
for other details.
The :class:`_expression.Update`
construct supports a special form which is a
list of 2-tuples, which when provided must be passed in conjunction
with the
:paramref:`~sqlalchemy.sql.expression.update.preserve_parameter_order`
parameter.
This form causes the UPDATE statement to render the SET clauses
using the order of parameters given to
:meth:`_expression.Update.values`, rather
than the ordering of columns given in the :class:`_schema.Table`.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.10 - added support for parameter-ordered
UPDATE statements via the
:paramref:`~sqlalchemy.sql.expression.update.preserve_parameter_order`
flag.
.. seealso::
:ref:`updates_order_parameters` - full example of the
:paramref:`~sqlalchemy.sql.expression.update.preserve_parameter_order`
flag
.. seealso::
:ref:`inserts_and_updates` - SQL Expression
Language Tutorial
:func:`_expression.insert` - produce an ``INSERT`` statement
:func:`_expression.update` - produce an ``UPDATE`` statement
"""
if self.select is not None:
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"This construct already inserts from a SELECT"
)
if self._has_multi_parameters and kwargs:
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"This construct already has multiple parameter sets."
)
if args:
if len(args) > 1:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Only a single dictionary/tuple or list of "
"dictionaries/tuples is accepted positionally."
)
v = args[0]
else:
v = {}
if self.parameters is None:
(
self.parameters,
self._has_multi_parameters,
) = self._process_colparams(v)
else:
if self._has_multi_parameters:
self.parameters = list(self.parameters)
p, self._has_multi_parameters = self._process_colparams(v)
if not self._has_multi_parameters:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Can't mix single-values and multiple values "
"formats in one statement"
)
self.parameters.extend(p)
else:
self.parameters = self.parameters.copy()
p, self._has_multi_parameters = self._process_colparams(v)
if self._has_multi_parameters:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Can't mix single-values and multiple values "
"formats in one statement"
)
self.parameters.update(p)
if kwargs:
if self._has_multi_parameters:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Can't pass kwargs and multiple parameter sets "
"simultaneously"
)
else:
self.parameters.update(kwargs)
@_generative
def return_defaults(self, *cols):
"""Make use of a :term:`RETURNING` clause for the purpose
of fetching server-side expressions and defaults.
E.g.::
stmt = table.insert().values(data='newdata').return_defaults()
result = connection.execute(stmt)
server_created_at = result.returned_defaults['created_at']
When used against a backend that supports RETURNING, all column
values generated by SQL expression or server-side-default will be
added to any existing RETURNING clause, provided that
:meth:`.UpdateBase.returning` is not used simultaneously. The column
values will then be available on the result using the
:attr:`_engine.ResultProxy.returned_defaults` accessor as a dictionary
,
referring to values keyed to the :class:`_schema.Column`
object as well as
its ``.key``.
This method differs from :meth:`.UpdateBase.returning` in these ways:
1. :meth:`.ValuesBase.return_defaults` is only intended for use with
an INSERT or an UPDATE statement that matches exactly one row.
While the RETURNING construct in the general sense supports
multiple rows for a multi-row UPDATE or DELETE statement, or for
special cases of INSERT that return multiple rows (e.g. INSERT from
SELECT, multi-valued VALUES clause),
:meth:`.ValuesBase.return_defaults` is intended only for an
"ORM-style" single-row INSERT/UPDATE statement. The row returned
by the statement is also consumed implicitly when
:meth:`.ValuesBase.return_defaults` is used. By contrast,
:meth:`.UpdateBase.returning` leaves the RETURNING result-set
intact with a collection of any number of rows.
2. It is compatible with the existing logic to fetch auto-generated
primary key values, also known as "implicit returning". Backends
that support RETURNING will automatically make use of RETURNING in
order to fetch the value of newly generated primary keys; while the
:meth:`.UpdateBase.returning` method circumvents this behavior,
:meth:`.ValuesBase.return_defaults` leaves it intact.
3. It can be called against any backend. Backends that don't support
RETURNING will skip the usage of the feature, rather than raising
an exception. The return value of
:attr:`_engine.ResultProxy.returned_defaults` will be ``None``
:meth:`.ValuesBase.return_defaults` is used by the ORM to provide
an efficient implementation for the ``eager_defaults`` feature of
:func:`.mapper`.
:param cols: optional list of column key names or
:class:`_schema.Column`
objects. If omitted, all column expressions evaluated on the server
are added to the returning list.
.. versionadded:: 0.9.0
.. seealso::
:meth:`.UpdateBase.returning`
:attr:`_engine.ResultProxy.returned_defaults`
"""
self._return_defaults = cols or True
class Insert(ValuesBase):
"""Represent an INSERT construct.
The :class:`_expression.Insert` object is created using the
:func:`_expression.insert()` function.
.. seealso::
:ref:`coretutorial_insert_expressions`
"""
__visit_name__ = "insert"
_supports_multi_parameters = True
def __init__(
self,
table,
values=None,
inline=False,
bind=None,
prefixes=None,
returning=None,
return_defaults=False,
**dialect_kw
):
"""Construct an :class:`_expression.Insert` object.
Similar functionality is available via the
:meth:`_expression.TableClause.insert` method on
:class:`_schema.Table`.
:param table: :class:`_expression.TableClause`
which is the subject of the
insert.
:param values: collection of values to be inserted; see
:meth:`_expression.Insert.values`
for a description of allowed formats here.
Can be omitted entirely; a :class:`_expression.Insert`
construct will also
dynamically render the VALUES clause at execution time based on
the parameters passed to :meth:`_engine.Connection.execute`.
:param inline: if True, no attempt will be made to retrieve the
SQL-generated default values to be provided within the statement;
in particular,
this allows SQL expressions to be rendered 'inline' within the
statement without the need to pre-execute them beforehand; for
backends that support "returning", this turns off the "implicit
returning" feature for the statement.
If both `values` and compile-time bind parameters are present, the
compile-time bind parameters override the information specified
within `values` on a per-key basis.
The keys within `values` can be either
:class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.Column` objects or their string
identifiers. Each key may reference one of:
* a literal data value (i.e. string, number, etc.);
* a Column object;
* a SELECT statement.
If a ``SELECT`` statement is specified which references this
``INSERT`` statement's table, the statement will be correlated
against the ``INSERT`` statement.
.. seealso::
:ref:`coretutorial_insert_expressions` - SQL Expression Tutorial
:ref:`inserts_and_updates` - SQL Expression Tutorial
"""
ValuesBase.__init__(self, table, values, prefixes)
self._bind = bind
self.select = self.select_names = None
self.include_insert_from_select_defaults = False
self.inline = inline
self._returning = returning
self._validate_dialect_kwargs(dialect_kw)
self._return_defaults = return_defaults
def get_children(self, **kwargs):
if self.select is not None:
return (self.select,)
else:
return ()
@_generative
def from_select(self, names, select, include_defaults=True):
"""Return a new :class:`_expression.Insert` construct which represents
an ``INSERT...FROM SELECT`` statement.
e.g.::
sel = select([table1.c.a, table1.c.b]).where(table1.c.c > 5)
ins = table2.insert().from_select(['a', 'b'], sel)
:param names: a sequence of string column names or
:class:`_schema.Column`
objects representing the target columns.
:param select: a :func:`_expression.select` construct,
:class:`_expression.FromClause`
or other construct which resolves into a
:class:`_expression.FromClause`,
such as an ORM :class:`_query.Query` object, etc. The order of
columns returned from this FROM clause should correspond to the
order of columns sent as the ``names`` parameter; while this
is not checked before passing along to the database, the database
would normally raise an exception if these column lists don't
correspond.
:param include_defaults: if True, non-server default values and
SQL expressions as specified on :class:`_schema.Column` objects
(as documented in :ref:`metadata_defaults_toplevel`) not
otherwise specified in the list of names will be rendered
into the INSERT and SELECT statements, so that these values are also
included in the data to be inserted.
.. note:: A Python-side default that uses a Python callable function
will only be invoked **once** for the whole statement, and **not
per row**.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.0 - :meth:`_expression.Insert.from_select`
now renders
Python-side and SQL expression column defaults into the
SELECT statement for columns otherwise not included in the
list of column names.
.. versionchanged:: 1.0.0 an INSERT that uses FROM SELECT
implies that the :paramref:`_expression.insert.inline`
flag is set to
True, indicating that the statement will not attempt to fetch
the "last inserted primary key" or other defaults. The statement
deals with an arbitrary number of rows, so the
:attr:`_engine.ResultProxy.inserted_primary_key`
accessor does not apply.
"""
if self.parameters:
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"This construct already inserts value expressions"
)
self.parameters, self._has_multi_parameters = self._process_colparams(
{_column_as_key(n): Null() for n in names}
)
self.select_names = names
self.inline = True
self.include_insert_from_select_defaults = include_defaults
self.select = _interpret_as_select(select)
def _copy_internals(self, clone=_clone, **kw):
# TODO: coverage
self.parameters = self.parameters.copy()
if self.select is not None:
self.select = _clone(self.select)
class Update(ValuesBase):
"""Represent an Update construct.
The :class:`_expression.Update`
object is created using the :func:`update()`
function.
"""
__visit_name__ = "update"
def __init__(
self,
table,
whereclause=None,
values=None,
inline=False,
bind=None,
prefixes=None,
returning=None,
return_defaults=False,
preserve_parameter_order=False,
**dialect_kw
):
r"""Construct an :class:`_expression.Update` object.
E.g.::
from sqlalchemy import update
stmt = update(users).where(users.c.id==5).\
values(name='user #5')
Similar functionality is available via the
:meth:`_expression.TableClause.update` method on
:class:`_schema.Table`::
stmt = users.update().\
where(users.c.id==5).\
values(name='user #5')
:param table: A :class:`_schema.Table`
object representing the database
table to be updated.
:param whereclause: Optional SQL expression describing the ``WHERE``
condition of the ``UPDATE`` statement. Modern applications
may prefer to use the generative :meth:`~Update.where()`
method to specify the ``WHERE`` clause.
The WHERE clause can refer to multiple tables.
For databases which support this, an ``UPDATE FROM`` clause will
be generated, or on MySQL, a multi-table update. The statement
will fail on databases that don't have support for multi-table
update statements. A SQL-standard method of referring to
additional tables in the WHERE clause is to use a correlated
subquery::
users.update().values(name='ed').where(
users.c.name==select([addresses.c.email_address]).\
where(addresses.c.user_id==users.c.id).\
as_scalar()
)
:param values:
Optional dictionary which specifies the ``SET`` conditions of the
``UPDATE``. If left as ``None``, the ``SET``
conditions are determined from those parameters passed to the
statement during the execution and/or compilation of the
statement. When compiled standalone without any parameters,
the ``SET`` clause generates for all columns.
Modern applications may prefer to use the generative
:meth:`_expression.Update.values` method to set the values of the
UPDATE statement.
:param inline:
if True, SQL defaults present on :class:`_schema.Column` objects via
the ``default`` keyword will be compiled 'inline' into the statement
and not pre-executed. This means that their values will not
be available in the dictionary returned from
:meth:`_engine.ResultProxy.last_updated_params`.
:param preserve_parameter_order: if True, the update statement is
expected to receive parameters **only** via the
:meth:`_expression.Update.values` method,
and they must be passed as a Python
``list`` of 2-tuples. The rendered UPDATE statement will emit the SET
clause for each referenced column maintaining this order.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.10
.. seealso::
:ref:`updates_order_parameters` - full example of the
:paramref:`_expression.update.preserve_parameter_order` flag
If both ``values`` and compile-time bind parameters are present, the
compile-time bind parameters override the information specified
within ``values`` on a per-key basis.
The keys within ``values`` can be either :class:`_schema.Column`
objects or their string identifiers (specifically the "key" of the
:class:`_schema.Column`, normally but not necessarily equivalent to
its "name"). Normally, the
:class:`_schema.Column` objects used here are expected to be
part of the target :class:`_schema.Table` that is the table
to be updated. However when using MySQL, a multiple-table
UPDATE statement can refer to columns from any of
the tables referred to in the WHERE clause.
The values referred to in ``values`` are typically:
* a literal data value (i.e. string, number, etc.)
* a SQL expression, such as a related :class:`_schema.Column`,
a scalar-returning :func:`_expression.select` construct,
etc.
When combining :func:`_expression.select` constructs within the values
clause of an :func:`_expression.update` construct,
the subquery represented by the :func:`_expression.select` should be
*correlated* to the parent table, that is, providing criterion
which links the table inside the subquery to the outer table
being updated::
users.update().values(
name=select([addresses.c.email_address]).\
where(addresses.c.user_id==users.c.id).\
as_scalar()
)
.. seealso::
:ref:`inserts_and_updates` - SQL Expression
Language Tutorial
"""
self._preserve_parameter_order = preserve_parameter_order
ValuesBase.__init__(self, table, values, prefixes)
self._bind = bind
self._returning = returning
if whereclause is not None:
self._whereclause = _literal_as_text(whereclause)
else:
self._whereclause = None
self.inline = inline
self._validate_dialect_kwargs(dialect_kw)
self._return_defaults = return_defaults
def get_children(self, **kwargs):
if self._whereclause is not None:
return (self._whereclause,)
else:
return ()
def _copy_internals(self, clone=_clone, **kw):
# TODO: coverage
self._whereclause = clone(self._whereclause, **kw)
self.parameters = self.parameters.copy()
@_generative
def where(self, whereclause):
"""return a new update() construct with the given expression added to
its WHERE clause, joined to the existing clause via AND, if any.
"""
if self._whereclause is not None:
self._whereclause = and_(
self._whereclause, _literal_as_text(whereclause)
)
else:
self._whereclause = _literal_as_text(whereclause)
@property
def _extra_froms(self):
froms = []
seen = {self.table}
if self._whereclause is not None:
for item in _from_objects(self._whereclause):
if not seen.intersection(item._cloned_set):
froms.append(item)
seen.update(item._cloned_set)
return froms
class Delete(UpdateBase):
"""Represent a DELETE construct.
The :class:`_expression.Delete`
object is created using the :func:`delete()`
function.
"""
__visit_name__ = "delete"
def __init__(
self,
table,
whereclause=None,
bind=None,
returning=None,
prefixes=None,
**dialect_kw
):
r"""Construct :class:`_expression.Delete` object.
Similar functionality is available via the
:meth:`_expression.TableClause.delete` method on
:class:`_schema.Table`.
:param table: The table to delete rows from.
:param whereclause: A :class:`_expression.ClauseElement`
describing the ``WHERE``
condition of the ``DELETE`` statement. Note that the
:meth:`~Delete.where()` generative method may be used instead.
The WHERE clause can refer to multiple tables.
For databases which support this, a ``DELETE..USING`` or similar
clause will be generated. The statement
will fail on databases that don't have support for multi-table
delete statements. A SQL-standard method of referring to
additional tables in the WHERE clause is to use a correlated
subquery::
users.delete().where(
users.c.name==select([addresses.c.email_address]).\
where(addresses.c.user_id==users.c.id).\
as_scalar()
)
.. versionchanged:: 1.2.0
The WHERE clause of DELETE can refer to multiple tables.
.. seealso::
:ref:`deletes` - SQL Expression Tutorial
"""
self._bind = bind
self.table = _interpret_as_from(table)
self._returning = returning
if prefixes:
self._setup_prefixes(prefixes)
if whereclause is not None:
self._whereclause = _literal_as_text(whereclause)
else:
self._whereclause = None
self._validate_dialect_kwargs(dialect_kw)
def get_children(self, **kwargs):
if self._whereclause is not None:
return (self._whereclause,)
else:
return ()
@_generative
def where(self, whereclause):
"""Add the given WHERE clause to a newly returned delete construct."""
if self._whereclause is not None:
self._whereclause = and_(
self._whereclause, _literal_as_text(whereclause)
)
else:
self._whereclause = _literal_as_text(whereclause)
@property
def _extra_froms(self):
froms = []
seen = {self.table}
if self._whereclause is not None:
for item in _from_objects(self._whereclause):
if not seen.intersection(item._cloned_set):
froms.append(item)
seen.update(item._cloned_set)
return froms
def _copy_internals(self, clone=_clone, **kw):
# TODO: coverage
self._whereclause = clone(self._whereclause, **kw)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/sqlalchemy
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/sqlalchemy/sql/expression.py
|
# sql/expression.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2020 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""Defines the public namespace for SQL expression constructs.
Prior to version 0.9, this module contained all of "elements", "dml",
"default_comparator" and "selectable". The module was broken up
and most "factory" functions were moved to be grouped with their associated
class.
"""
__all__ = [
"Alias",
"any_",
"all_",
"ClauseElement",
"ColumnCollection",
"ColumnElement",
"CompoundSelect",
"Delete",
"FromClause",
"Insert",
"Join",
"Lateral",
"Select",
"Selectable",
"TableClause",
"Update",
"alias",
"and_",
"asc",
"between",
"bindparam",
"case",
"cast",
"column",
"cte",
"delete",
"desc",
"distinct",
"except_",
"except_all",
"exists",
"extract",
"func",
"modifier",
"collate",
"insert",
"intersect",
"intersect_all",
"join",
"label",
"lateral",
"literal",
"literal_column",
"not_",
"null",
"nullsfirst",
"nullslast",
"or_",
"outparam",
"outerjoin",
"over",
"select",
"subquery",
"table",
"text",
"tuple_",
"type_coerce",
"quoted_name",
"union",
"union_all",
"update",
"within_group",
"TableSample",
"tablesample",
]
from .base import _from_objects # noqa
from .base import ColumnCollection # noqa
from .base import Executable # noqa
from .base import Generative # noqa
from .base import PARSE_AUTOCOMMIT # noqa
from .dml import Delete # noqa
from .dml import Insert # noqa
from .dml import Update # noqa
from .dml import UpdateBase # noqa
from .dml import ValuesBase # noqa
from .elements import _clause_element_as_expr # noqa
from .elements import _clone # noqa
from .elements import _cloned_difference # noqa
from .elements import _cloned_intersection # noqa
from .elements import _column_as_key # noqa
from .elements import _corresponding_column_or_error # noqa
from .elements import _expression_literal_as_text # noqa
from .elements import _is_column # noqa
from .elements import _labeled # noqa
from .elements import _literal_as_binds # noqa
from .elements import _literal_as_column # noqa
from .elements import _literal_as_label_reference # noqa
from .elements import _literal_as_text # noqa
from .elements import _only_column_elements # noqa
from .elements import _select_iterables # noqa
from .elements import _string_or_unprintable # noqa
from .elements import _truncated_label # noqa
from .elements import between # noqa
from .elements import BinaryExpression # noqa
from .elements import BindParameter # noqa
from .elements import BooleanClauseList # noqa
from .elements import Case # noqa
from .elements import Cast # noqa
from .elements import ClauseElement # noqa
from .elements import ClauseList # noqa
from .elements import collate # noqa
from .elements import CollectionAggregate # noqa
from .elements import ColumnClause # noqa
from .elements import ColumnElement # noqa
from .elements import Extract # noqa
from .elements import False_ # noqa
from .elements import FunctionFilter # noqa
from .elements import Grouping # noqa
from .elements import Label # noqa
from .elements import literal # noqa
from .elements import literal_column # noqa
from .elements import not_ # noqa
from .elements import Null # noqa
from .elements import outparam # noqa
from .elements import Over # noqa
from .elements import quoted_name # noqa
from .elements import ReleaseSavepointClause # noqa
from .elements import RollbackToSavepointClause # noqa
from .elements import SavepointClause # noqa
from .elements import TextClause # noqa
from .elements import True_ # noqa
from .elements import Tuple # noqa
from .elements import TypeClause # noqa
from .elements import TypeCoerce # noqa
from .elements import UnaryExpression # noqa
from .elements import WithinGroup # noqa
from .functions import func # noqa
from .functions import Function # noqa
from .functions import FunctionElement # noqa
from .functions import modifier # noqa
from .selectable import _interpret_as_from # noqa
from .selectable import Alias # noqa
from .selectable import CompoundSelect # noqa
from .selectable import CTE # noqa
from .selectable import Exists # noqa
from .selectable import FromClause # noqa
from .selectable import FromGrouping # noqa
from .selectable import GenerativeSelect # noqa
from .selectable import HasCTE # noqa
from .selectable import HasPrefixes # noqa
from .selectable import HasSuffixes # noqa
from .selectable import Join # noqa
from .selectable import Lateral # noqa
from .selectable import ScalarSelect # noqa
from .selectable import Select # noqa
from .selectable import Selectable # noqa
from .selectable import SelectBase # noqa
from .selectable import subquery # noqa
from .selectable import TableClause # noqa
from .selectable import TableSample # noqa
from .selectable import TextAsFrom # noqa
from .visitors import Visitable # noqa
from ..util.langhelpers import public_factory # noqa
# factory functions - these pull class-bound constructors and classmethods
# from SQL elements and selectables into public functions. This allows
# the functions to be available in the sqlalchemy.sql.* namespace and
# to be auto-cross-documenting from the function to the class itself.
all_ = public_factory(CollectionAggregate._create_all, ".sql.expression.all_")
any_ = public_factory(CollectionAggregate._create_any, ".sql.expression.any_")
and_ = public_factory(BooleanClauseList.and_, ".sql.expression.and_")
alias = public_factory(Alias._factory, ".sql.expression.alias")
tablesample = public_factory(
TableSample._factory, ".sql.expression.tablesample"
)
lateral = public_factory(Lateral._factory, ".sql.expression.lateral")
or_ = public_factory(BooleanClauseList.or_, ".sql.expression.or_")
bindparam = public_factory(BindParameter, ".sql.expression.bindparam")
select = public_factory(Select, ".sql.expression.select")
text = public_factory(TextClause._create_text, ".sql.expression.text")
table = public_factory(TableClause, ".sql.expression.table")
column = public_factory(ColumnClause, ".sql.expression.column")
over = public_factory(Over, ".sql.expression.over")
within_group = public_factory(WithinGroup, ".sql.expression.within_group")
label = public_factory(Label, ".sql.expression.label")
case = public_factory(Case, ".sql.expression.case")
cast = public_factory(Cast, ".sql.expression.cast")
cte = public_factory(CTE._factory, ".sql.expression.cte")
extract = public_factory(Extract, ".sql.expression.extract")
tuple_ = public_factory(Tuple, ".sql.expression.tuple_")
except_ = public_factory(
CompoundSelect._create_except, ".sql.expression.except_"
)
except_all = public_factory(
CompoundSelect._create_except_all, ".sql.expression.except_all"
)
intersect = public_factory(
CompoundSelect._create_intersect, ".sql.expression.intersect"
)
intersect_all = public_factory(
CompoundSelect._create_intersect_all, ".sql.expression.intersect_all"
)
union = public_factory(CompoundSelect._create_union, ".sql.expression.union")
union_all = public_factory(
CompoundSelect._create_union_all, ".sql.expression.union_all"
)
exists = public_factory(Exists, ".sql.expression.exists")
nullsfirst = public_factory(
UnaryExpression._create_nullsfirst, ".sql.expression.nullsfirst"
)
nullslast = public_factory(
UnaryExpression._create_nullslast, ".sql.expression.nullslast"
)
asc = public_factory(UnaryExpression._create_asc, ".sql.expression.asc")
desc = public_factory(UnaryExpression._create_desc, ".sql.expression.desc")
distinct = public_factory(
UnaryExpression._create_distinct, ".sql.expression.distinct"
)
type_coerce = public_factory(TypeCoerce, ".sql.expression.type_coerce")
true = public_factory(True_._instance, ".sql.expression.true")
false = public_factory(False_._instance, ".sql.expression.false")
null = public_factory(Null._instance, ".sql.expression.null")
join = public_factory(Join._create_join, ".sql.expression.join")
outerjoin = public_factory(Join._create_outerjoin, ".sql.expression.outerjoin")
insert = public_factory(Insert, ".sql.expression.insert")
update = public_factory(Update, ".sql.expression.update")
delete = public_factory(Delete, ".sql.expression.delete")
funcfilter = public_factory(FunctionFilter, ".sql.expression.funcfilter")
# internal functions still being called from tests and the ORM,
# these might be better off in some other namespace
# old names for compatibility
_Executable = Executable
_BindParamClause = BindParameter
_Label = Label
_SelectBase = SelectBase
_BinaryExpression = BinaryExpression
_Cast = Cast
_Null = Null
_False = False_
_True = True_
_TextClause = TextClause
_UnaryExpression = UnaryExpression
_Case = Case
_Tuple = Tuple
_Over = Over
_Generative = Generative
_TypeClause = TypeClause
_Extract = Extract
_Exists = Exists
_Grouping = Grouping
_FromGrouping = FromGrouping
_ScalarSelect = ScalarSelect
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/sqlalchemy
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/sqlalchemy/sql/base.py
|
# sql/base.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2020 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""Foundational utilities common to many sql modules.
"""
import itertools
import re
from .visitors import ClauseVisitor
from .. import exc
from .. import util
PARSE_AUTOCOMMIT = util.symbol("PARSE_AUTOCOMMIT")
NO_ARG = util.symbol("NO_ARG")
class Immutable(object):
"""mark a ClauseElement as 'immutable' when expressions are cloned."""
def unique_params(self, *optionaldict, **kwargs):
raise NotImplementedError("Immutable objects do not support copying")
def params(self, *optionaldict, **kwargs):
raise NotImplementedError("Immutable objects do not support copying")
def _clone(self):
return self
def _from_objects(*elements):
return itertools.chain(*[element._from_objects for element in elements])
@util.decorator
def _generative(fn, *args, **kw):
"""Mark a method as generative."""
self = args[0]._generate()
fn(self, *args[1:], **kw)
return self
class _DialectArgView(util.collections_abc.MutableMapping):
"""A dictionary view of dialect-level arguments in the form
<dialectname>_<argument_name>.
"""
def __init__(self, obj):
self.obj = obj
def _key(self, key):
try:
dialect, value_key = key.split("_", 1)
except ValueError as err:
util.raise_(KeyError(key), replace_context=err)
else:
return dialect, value_key
def __getitem__(self, key):
dialect, value_key = self._key(key)
try:
opt = self.obj.dialect_options[dialect]
except exc.NoSuchModuleError as err:
util.raise_(KeyError(key), replace_context=err)
else:
return opt[value_key]
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
try:
dialect, value_key = self._key(key)
except KeyError as err:
util.raise_(
exc.ArgumentError(
"Keys must be of the form <dialectname>_<argname>"
),
replace_context=err,
)
else:
self.obj.dialect_options[dialect][value_key] = value
def __delitem__(self, key):
dialect, value_key = self._key(key)
del self.obj.dialect_options[dialect][value_key]
def __len__(self):
return sum(
len(args._non_defaults)
for args in self.obj.dialect_options.values()
)
def __iter__(self):
return (
util.safe_kwarg("%s_%s" % (dialect_name, value_name))
for dialect_name in self.obj.dialect_options
for value_name in self.obj.dialect_options[
dialect_name
]._non_defaults
)
class _DialectArgDict(util.collections_abc.MutableMapping):
"""A dictionary view of dialect-level arguments for a specific
dialect.
Maintains a separate collection of user-specified arguments
and dialect-specified default arguments.
"""
def __init__(self):
self._non_defaults = {}
self._defaults = {}
def __len__(self):
return len(set(self._non_defaults).union(self._defaults))
def __iter__(self):
return iter(set(self._non_defaults).union(self._defaults))
def __getitem__(self, key):
if key in self._non_defaults:
return self._non_defaults[key]
else:
return self._defaults[key]
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
self._non_defaults[key] = value
def __delitem__(self, key):
del self._non_defaults[key]
class DialectKWArgs(object):
"""Establish the ability for a class to have dialect-specific arguments
with defaults and constructor validation.
The :class:`.DialectKWArgs` interacts with the
:attr:`.DefaultDialect.construct_arguments` present on a dialect.
.. seealso::
:attr:`.DefaultDialect.construct_arguments`
"""
@classmethod
def argument_for(cls, dialect_name, argument_name, default):
"""Add a new kind of dialect-specific keyword argument for this class.
E.g.::
Index.argument_for("mydialect", "length", None)
some_index = Index('a', 'b', mydialect_length=5)
The :meth:`.DialectKWArgs.argument_for` method is a per-argument
way adding extra arguments to the
:attr:`.DefaultDialect.construct_arguments` dictionary. This
dictionary provides a list of argument names accepted by various
schema-level constructs on behalf of a dialect.
New dialects should typically specify this dictionary all at once as a
data member of the dialect class. The use case for ad-hoc addition of
argument names is typically for end-user code that is also using
a custom compilation scheme which consumes the additional arguments.
:param dialect_name: name of a dialect. The dialect must be
locatable, else a :class:`.NoSuchModuleError` is raised. The
dialect must also include an existing
:attr:`.DefaultDialect.construct_arguments` collection, indicating
that it participates in the keyword-argument validation and default
system, else :class:`.ArgumentError` is raised. If the dialect does
not include this collection, then any keyword argument can be
specified on behalf of this dialect already. All dialects packaged
within SQLAlchemy include this collection, however for third party
dialects, support may vary.
:param argument_name: name of the parameter.
:param default: default value of the parameter.
.. versionadded:: 0.9.4
"""
construct_arg_dictionary = DialectKWArgs._kw_registry[dialect_name]
if construct_arg_dictionary is None:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Dialect '%s' does have keyword-argument "
"validation and defaults enabled configured" % dialect_name
)
if cls not in construct_arg_dictionary:
construct_arg_dictionary[cls] = {}
construct_arg_dictionary[cls][argument_name] = default
@util.memoized_property
def dialect_kwargs(self):
"""A collection of keyword arguments specified as dialect-specific
options to this construct.
The arguments are present here in their original ``<dialect>_<kwarg>``
format. Only arguments that were actually passed are included;
unlike the :attr:`.DialectKWArgs.dialect_options` collection, which
contains all options known by this dialect including defaults.
The collection is also writable; keys are accepted of the
form ``<dialect>_<kwarg>`` where the value will be assembled
into the list of options.
.. versionadded:: 0.9.2
.. versionchanged:: 0.9.4 The :attr:`.DialectKWArgs.dialect_kwargs`
collection is now writable.
.. seealso::
:attr:`.DialectKWArgs.dialect_options` - nested dictionary form
"""
return _DialectArgView(self)
@property
def kwargs(self):
"""A synonym for :attr:`.DialectKWArgs.dialect_kwargs`."""
return self.dialect_kwargs
@util.dependencies("sqlalchemy.dialects")
def _kw_reg_for_dialect(dialects, dialect_name):
dialect_cls = dialects.registry.load(dialect_name)
if dialect_cls.construct_arguments is None:
return None
return dict(dialect_cls.construct_arguments)
_kw_registry = util.PopulateDict(_kw_reg_for_dialect)
def _kw_reg_for_dialect_cls(self, dialect_name):
construct_arg_dictionary = DialectKWArgs._kw_registry[dialect_name]
d = _DialectArgDict()
if construct_arg_dictionary is None:
d._defaults.update({"*": None})
else:
for cls in reversed(self.__class__.__mro__):
if cls in construct_arg_dictionary:
d._defaults.update(construct_arg_dictionary[cls])
return d
@util.memoized_property
def dialect_options(self):
"""A collection of keyword arguments specified as dialect-specific
options to this construct.
This is a two-level nested registry, keyed to ``<dialect_name>``
and ``<argument_name>``. For example, the ``postgresql_where``
argument would be locatable as::
arg = my_object.dialect_options['postgresql']['where']
.. versionadded:: 0.9.2
.. seealso::
:attr:`.DialectKWArgs.dialect_kwargs` - flat dictionary form
"""
return util.PopulateDict(
util.portable_instancemethod(self._kw_reg_for_dialect_cls)
)
def _validate_dialect_kwargs(self, kwargs):
# validate remaining kwargs that they all specify DB prefixes
if not kwargs:
return
for k in kwargs:
m = re.match("^(.+?)_(.+)$", k)
if not m:
raise TypeError(
"Additional arguments should be "
"named <dialectname>_<argument>, got '%s'" % k
)
dialect_name, arg_name = m.group(1, 2)
try:
construct_arg_dictionary = self.dialect_options[dialect_name]
except exc.NoSuchModuleError:
util.warn(
"Can't validate argument %r; can't "
"locate any SQLAlchemy dialect named %r"
% (k, dialect_name)
)
self.dialect_options[dialect_name] = d = _DialectArgDict()
d._defaults.update({"*": None})
d._non_defaults[arg_name] = kwargs[k]
else:
if (
"*" not in construct_arg_dictionary
and arg_name not in construct_arg_dictionary
):
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Argument %r is not accepted by "
"dialect %r on behalf of %r"
% (k, dialect_name, self.__class__)
)
else:
construct_arg_dictionary[arg_name] = kwargs[k]
class Generative(object):
"""Allow a ClauseElement to generate itself via the
@_generative decorator.
"""
def _generate(self):
s = self.__class__.__new__(self.__class__)
s.__dict__ = self.__dict__.copy()
return s
class Executable(Generative):
"""Mark a ClauseElement as supporting execution.
:class:`.Executable` is a superclass for all "statement" types
of objects, including :func:`select`, :func:`delete`, :func:`update`,
:func:`insert`, :func:`text`.
"""
supports_execution = True
_execution_options = util.immutabledict()
_bind = None
@_generative
def execution_options(self, **kw):
""" Set non-SQL options for the statement which take effect during
execution.
Execution options can be set on a per-statement or
per :class:`_engine.Connection` basis. Additionally, the
:class:`_engine.Engine` and ORM :class:`~.orm.query.Query`
objects provide
access to execution options which they in turn configure upon
connections.
The :meth:`execution_options` method is generative. A new
instance of this statement is returned that contains the options::
statement = select([table.c.x, table.c.y])
statement = statement.execution_options(autocommit=True)
Note that only a subset of possible execution options can be applied
to a statement - these include "autocommit" and "stream_results",
but not "isolation_level" or "compiled_cache".
See :meth:`_engine.Connection.execution_options` for a full list of
possible options.
.. seealso::
:meth:`_engine.Connection.execution_options`
:meth:`_query.Query.execution_options`
:meth:`.Executable.get_execution_options`
"""
if "isolation_level" in kw:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"'isolation_level' execution option may only be specified "
"on Connection.execution_options(), or "
"per-engine using the isolation_level "
"argument to create_engine()."
)
if "compiled_cache" in kw:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"'compiled_cache' execution option may only be specified "
"on Connection.execution_options(), not per statement."
)
self._execution_options = self._execution_options.union(kw)
def get_execution_options(self):
""" Get the non-SQL options which will take effect during execution.
.. versionadded:: 1.3
.. seealso::
:meth:`.Executable.execution_options`
"""
return self._execution_options
def execute(self, *multiparams, **params):
"""Compile and execute this :class:`.Executable`.
"""
e = self.bind
if e is None:
label = getattr(self, "description", self.__class__.__name__)
msg = (
"This %s is not directly bound to a Connection or Engine. "
"Use the .execute() method of a Connection or Engine "
"to execute this construct." % label
)
raise exc.UnboundExecutionError(msg)
return e._execute_clauseelement(self, multiparams, params)
def scalar(self, *multiparams, **params):
"""Compile and execute this :class:`.Executable`, returning the
result's scalar representation.
"""
return self.execute(*multiparams, **params).scalar()
@property
def bind(self):
"""Returns the :class:`_engine.Engine` or :class:`_engine.Connection`
to
which this :class:`.Executable` is bound, or None if none found.
This is a traversal which checks locally, then
checks among the "from" clauses of associated objects
until a bound engine or connection is found.
"""
if self._bind is not None:
return self._bind
for f in _from_objects(self):
if f is self:
continue
engine = f.bind
if engine is not None:
return engine
else:
return None
class SchemaEventTarget(object):
"""Base class for elements that are the targets of :class:`.DDLEvents`
events.
This includes :class:`.SchemaItem` as well as :class:`.SchemaType`.
"""
def _set_parent(self, parent):
"""Associate with this SchemaEvent's parent object."""
def _set_parent_with_dispatch(self, parent):
self.dispatch.before_parent_attach(self, parent)
self._set_parent(parent)
self.dispatch.after_parent_attach(self, parent)
class SchemaVisitor(ClauseVisitor):
"""Define the visiting for ``SchemaItem`` objects."""
__traverse_options__ = {"schema_visitor": True}
class ColumnCollection(util.OrderedProperties):
"""An ordered dictionary that stores a list of ColumnElement
instances.
Overrides the ``__eq__()`` method to produce SQL clauses between
sets of correlated columns.
"""
__slots__ = "_all_columns"
def __init__(self, *columns):
super(ColumnCollection, self).__init__()
object.__setattr__(self, "_all_columns", [])
for c in columns:
self.add(c)
def __str__(self):
return repr([str(c) for c in self])
def replace(self, column):
"""add the given column to this collection, removing unaliased
versions of this column as well as existing columns with the
same key.
e.g.::
t = Table('sometable', metadata, Column('col1', Integer))
t.columns.replace(Column('col1', Integer, key='columnone'))
will remove the original 'col1' from the collection, and add
the new column under the name 'columnname'.
Used by schema.Column to override columns during table reflection.
"""
remove_col = None
if column.name in self and column.key != column.name:
other = self[column.name]
if other.name == other.key:
remove_col = other
del self._data[other.key]
if column.key in self._data:
remove_col = self._data[column.key]
self._data[column.key] = column
if remove_col is not None:
self._all_columns[:] = [
column if c is remove_col else c for c in self._all_columns
]
else:
self._all_columns.append(column)
def add(self, column):
"""Add a column to this collection.
The key attribute of the column will be used as the hash key
for this dictionary.
"""
if not column.key:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Can't add unnamed column to column collection"
)
self[column.key] = column
def __delitem__(self, key):
raise NotImplementedError()
def __setattr__(self, key, obj):
raise NotImplementedError()
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
if key in self:
# this warning is primarily to catch select() statements
# which have conflicting column names in their exported
# columns collection
existing = self[key]
if existing is value:
return
if not existing.shares_lineage(value):
util.warn(
"Column %r on table %r being replaced by "
"%r, which has the same key. Consider "
"use_labels for select() statements."
% (key, getattr(existing, "table", None), value)
)
# pop out memoized proxy_set as this
# operation may very well be occurring
# in a _make_proxy operation
util.memoized_property.reset(value, "proxy_set")
self._all_columns.append(value)
self._data[key] = value
def clear(self):
raise NotImplementedError()
def remove(self, column):
del self._data[column.key]
self._all_columns[:] = [
c for c in self._all_columns if c is not column
]
def update(self, iter_):
cols = list(iter_)
all_col_set = set(self._all_columns)
self._all_columns.extend(
c for label, c in cols if c not in all_col_set
)
self._data.update((label, c) for label, c in cols)
def extend(self, iter_):
cols = list(iter_)
all_col_set = set(self._all_columns)
self._all_columns.extend(c for c in cols if c not in all_col_set)
self._data.update((c.key, c) for c in cols)
__hash__ = None
@util.dependencies("sqlalchemy.sql.elements")
def __eq__(self, elements, other):
l = []
for c in getattr(other, "_all_columns", other):
for local in self._all_columns:
if c.shares_lineage(local):
l.append(c == local)
return elements.and_(*l)
def __contains__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, util.string_types):
raise exc.ArgumentError("__contains__ requires a string argument")
return util.OrderedProperties.__contains__(self, other)
def __getstate__(self):
return {"_data": self._data, "_all_columns": self._all_columns}
def __setstate__(self, state):
object.__setattr__(self, "_data", state["_data"])
object.__setattr__(self, "_all_columns", state["_all_columns"])
def contains_column(self, col):
return col in set(self._all_columns)
def as_immutable(self):
return ImmutableColumnCollection(self._data, self._all_columns)
class ImmutableColumnCollection(util.ImmutableProperties, ColumnCollection):
def __init__(self, data, all_columns):
util.ImmutableProperties.__init__(self, data)
object.__setattr__(self, "_all_columns", all_columns)
extend = remove = util.ImmutableProperties._immutable
class ColumnSet(util.ordered_column_set):
def contains_column(self, col):
return col in self
def extend(self, cols):
for col in cols:
self.add(col)
def __add__(self, other):
return list(self) + list(other)
@util.dependencies("sqlalchemy.sql.elements")
def __eq__(self, elements, other):
l = []
for c in other:
for local in self:
if c.shares_lineage(local):
l.append(c == local)
return elements.and_(*l)
def __hash__(self):
return hash(tuple(x for x in self))
def _bind_or_error(schemaitem, msg=None):
bind = schemaitem.bind
if not bind:
name = schemaitem.__class__.__name__
label = getattr(
schemaitem, "fullname", getattr(schemaitem, "name", None)
)
if label:
item = "%s object %r" % (name, label)
else:
item = "%s object" % name
if msg is None:
msg = (
"%s is not bound to an Engine or Connection. "
"Execution can not proceed without a database to execute "
"against." % item
)
raise exc.UnboundExecutionError(msg)
return bind
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/sqlalchemy
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/sqlalchemy/sql/type_api.py
|
# sql/types_api.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2020 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""Base types API.
"""
from . import operators
from .base import SchemaEventTarget
from .visitors import Visitable
from .visitors import VisitableType
from .. import exc
from .. import util
# these are back-assigned by sqltypes.
BOOLEANTYPE = None
INTEGERTYPE = None
NULLTYPE = None
STRINGTYPE = None
MATCHTYPE = None
INDEXABLE = None
_resolve_value_to_type = None
class TypeEngine(Visitable):
"""The ultimate base class for all SQL datatypes.
Common subclasses of :class:`.TypeEngine` include
:class:`.String`, :class:`.Integer`, and :class:`.Boolean`.
For an overview of the SQLAlchemy typing system, see
:ref:`types_toplevel`.
.. seealso::
:ref:`types_toplevel`
"""
_sqla_type = True
_isnull = False
class Comparator(operators.ColumnOperators):
"""Base class for custom comparison operations defined at the
type level. See :attr:`.TypeEngine.comparator_factory`.
"""
__slots__ = "expr", "type"
default_comparator = None
def __init__(self, expr):
self.expr = expr
self.type = expr.type
@util.dependencies("sqlalchemy.sql.default_comparator")
def operate(self, default_comparator, op, *other, **kwargs):
o = default_comparator.operator_lookup[op.__name__]
return o[0](self.expr, op, *(other + o[1:]), **kwargs)
@util.dependencies("sqlalchemy.sql.default_comparator")
def reverse_operate(self, default_comparator, op, other, **kwargs):
o = default_comparator.operator_lookup[op.__name__]
return o[0](self.expr, op, other, reverse=True, *o[1:], **kwargs)
def _adapt_expression(self, op, other_comparator):
"""evaluate the return type of <self> <op> <othertype>,
and apply any adaptations to the given operator.
This method determines the type of a resulting binary expression
given two source types and an operator. For example, two
:class:`_schema.Column` objects, both of the type
:class:`.Integer`, will
produce a :class:`.BinaryExpression` that also has the type
:class:`.Integer` when compared via the addition (``+``) operator.
However, using the addition operator with an :class:`.Integer`
and a :class:`.Date` object will produce a :class:`.Date`, assuming
"days delta" behavior by the database (in reality, most databases
other than PostgreSQL don't accept this particular operation).
The method returns a tuple of the form <operator>, <type>.
The resulting operator and type will be those applied to the
resulting :class:`.BinaryExpression` as the final operator and the
right-hand side of the expression.
Note that only a subset of operators make usage of
:meth:`._adapt_expression`,
including math operators and user-defined operators, but not
boolean comparison or special SQL keywords like MATCH or BETWEEN.
"""
return op, self.type
def __reduce__(self):
return _reconstitute_comparator, (self.expr,)
hashable = True
"""Flag, if False, means values from this type aren't hashable.
Used by the ORM when uniquing result lists.
"""
comparator_factory = Comparator
"""A :class:`.TypeEngine.Comparator` class which will apply
to operations performed by owning :class:`_expression.ColumnElement`
objects.
The :attr:`.comparator_factory` attribute is a hook consulted by
the core expression system when column and SQL expression operations
are performed. When a :class:`.TypeEngine.Comparator` class is
associated with this attribute, it allows custom re-definition of
all existing operators, as well as definition of new operators.
Existing operators include those provided by Python operator overloading
such as :meth:`.operators.ColumnOperators.__add__` and
:meth:`.operators.ColumnOperators.__eq__`,
those provided as standard
attributes of :class:`.operators.ColumnOperators` such as
:meth:`.operators.ColumnOperators.like`
and :meth:`.operators.ColumnOperators.in_`.
Rudimentary usage of this hook is allowed through simple subclassing
of existing types, or alternatively by using :class:`.TypeDecorator`.
See the documentation section :ref:`types_operators` for examples.
"""
sort_key_function = None
"""A sorting function that can be passed as the key to sorted.
The default value of ``None`` indicates that the values stored by
this type are self-sorting.
.. versionadded:: 1.3.8
"""
should_evaluate_none = False
"""If True, the Python constant ``None`` is considered to be handled
explicitly by this type.
The ORM uses this flag to indicate that a positive value of ``None``
is passed to the column in an INSERT statement, rather than omitting
the column from the INSERT statement which has the effect of firing
off column-level defaults. It also allows types which have special
behavior for Python None, such as a JSON type, to indicate that
they'd like to handle the None value explicitly.
To set this flag on an existing type, use the
:meth:`.TypeEngine.evaluates_none` method.
.. seealso::
:meth:`.TypeEngine.evaluates_none`
.. versionadded:: 1.1
"""
def evaluates_none(self):
"""Return a copy of this type which has the :attr:`.should_evaluate_none`
flag set to True.
E.g.::
Table(
'some_table', metadata,
Column(
String(50).evaluates_none(),
nullable=True,
server_default='no value')
)
The ORM uses this flag to indicate that a positive value of ``None``
is passed to the column in an INSERT statement, rather than omitting
the column from the INSERT statement which has the effect of firing
off column-level defaults. It also allows for types which have
special behavior associated with the Python None value to indicate
that the value doesn't necessarily translate into SQL NULL; a
prime example of this is a JSON type which may wish to persist the
JSON value ``'null'``.
In all cases, the actual NULL SQL value can be always be
persisted in any column by using
the :obj:`_expression.null` SQL construct in an INSERT statement
or associated with an ORM-mapped attribute.
.. note::
The "evaluates none" flag does **not** apply to a value
of ``None`` passed to :paramref:`_schema.Column.default` or
:paramref:`_schema.Column.server_default`; in these cases,
``None``
still means "no default".
.. versionadded:: 1.1
.. seealso::
:ref:`session_forcing_null` - in the ORM documentation
:paramref:`.postgresql.JSON.none_as_null` - PostgreSQL JSON
interaction with this flag.
:attr:`.TypeEngine.should_evaluate_none` - class-level flag
"""
typ = self.copy()
typ.should_evaluate_none = True
return typ
def copy(self, **kw):
return self.adapt(self.__class__)
def compare_against_backend(self, dialect, conn_type):
"""Compare this type against the given backend type.
This function is currently not implemented for SQLAlchemy
types, and for all built in types will return ``None``. However,
it can be implemented by a user-defined type
where it can be consumed by schema comparison tools such as
Alembic autogenerate.
A future release of SQLAlchemy will potentially implement this method
for builtin types as well.
The function should return True if this type is equivalent to the
given type; the type is typically reflected from the database
so should be database specific. The dialect in use is also
passed. It can also return False to assert that the type is
not equivalent.
:param dialect: a :class:`.Dialect` that is involved in the comparison.
:param conn_type: the type object reflected from the backend.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.3
"""
return None
def copy_value(self, value):
return value
def literal_processor(self, dialect):
"""Return a conversion function for processing literal values that are
to be rendered directly without using binds.
This function is used when the compiler makes use of the
"literal_binds" flag, typically used in DDL generation as well
as in certain scenarios where backends don't accept bound parameters.
.. versionadded:: 0.9.0
"""
return None
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
"""Return a conversion function for processing bind values.
Returns a callable which will receive a bind parameter value
as the sole positional argument and will return a value to
send to the DB-API.
If processing is not necessary, the method should return ``None``.
:param dialect: Dialect instance in use.
"""
return None
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
"""Return a conversion function for processing result row values.
Returns a callable which will receive a result row column
value as the sole positional argument and will return a value
to return to the user.
If processing is not necessary, the method should return ``None``.
:param dialect: Dialect instance in use.
:param coltype: DBAPI coltype argument received in cursor.description.
"""
return None
def column_expression(self, colexpr):
"""Given a SELECT column expression, return a wrapping SQL expression.
This is typically a SQL function that wraps a column expression
as rendered in the columns clause of a SELECT statement.
It is used for special data types that require
columns to be wrapped in some special database function in order
to coerce the value before being sent back to the application.
It is the SQL analogue of the :meth:`.TypeEngine.result_processor`
method.
The method is evaluated at statement compile time, as opposed
to statement construction time.
.. seealso::
:ref:`types_sql_value_processing`
"""
return None
@util.memoized_property
def _has_column_expression(self):
"""memoized boolean, check if column_expression is implemented.
Allows the method to be skipped for the vast majority of expression
types that don't use this feature.
"""
return (
self.__class__.column_expression.__code__
is not TypeEngine.column_expression.__code__
)
def bind_expression(self, bindvalue):
""""Given a bind value (i.e. a :class:`.BindParameter` instance),
return a SQL expression in its place.
This is typically a SQL function that wraps the existing bound
parameter within the statement. It is used for special data types
that require literals being wrapped in some special database function
in order to coerce an application-level value into a database-specific
format. It is the SQL analogue of the
:meth:`.TypeEngine.bind_processor` method.
The method is evaluated at statement compile time, as opposed
to statement construction time.
Note that this method, when implemented, should always return
the exact same structure, without any conditional logic, as it
may be used in an executemany() call against an arbitrary number
of bound parameter sets.
.. seealso::
:ref:`types_sql_value_processing`
"""
return None
@util.memoized_property
def _has_bind_expression(self):
"""memoized boolean, check if bind_expression is implemented.
Allows the method to be skipped for the vast majority of expression
types that don't use this feature.
"""
return (
self.__class__.bind_expression.__code__
is not TypeEngine.bind_expression.__code__
)
@staticmethod
def _to_instance(cls_or_self):
return to_instance(cls_or_self)
def compare_values(self, x, y):
"""Compare two values for equality."""
return x == y
def get_dbapi_type(self, dbapi):
"""Return the corresponding type object from the underlying DB-API, if
any.
This can be useful for calling ``setinputsizes()``, for example.
"""
return None
@property
def python_type(self):
"""Return the Python type object expected to be returned
by instances of this type, if known.
Basically, for those types which enforce a return type,
or are known across the board to do such for all common
DBAPIs (like ``int`` for example), will return that type.
If a return type is not defined, raises
``NotImplementedError``.
Note that any type also accommodates NULL in SQL which
means you can also get back ``None`` from any type
in practice.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def with_variant(self, type_, dialect_name):
r"""Produce a new type object that will utilize the given
type when applied to the dialect of the given name.
e.g.::
from sqlalchemy.types import String
from sqlalchemy.dialects import mysql
s = String()
s = s.with_variant(mysql.VARCHAR(collation='foo'), 'mysql')
The construction of :meth:`.TypeEngine.with_variant` is always
from the "fallback" type to that which is dialect specific.
The returned type is an instance of :class:`.Variant`, which
itself provides a :meth:`.Variant.with_variant`
that can be called repeatedly.
:param type\_: a :class:`.TypeEngine` that will be selected
as a variant from the originating type, when a dialect
of the given name is in use.
:param dialect_name: base name of the dialect which uses
this type. (i.e. ``'postgresql'``, ``'mysql'``, etc.)
"""
return Variant(self, {dialect_name: to_instance(type_)})
@util.memoized_property
def _type_affinity(self):
"""Return a rudimental 'affinity' value expressing the general class
of type."""
typ = None
for t in self.__class__.__mro__:
if t in (TypeEngine, UserDefinedType):
return typ
elif issubclass(t, (TypeEngine, UserDefinedType)):
typ = t
else:
return self.__class__
def dialect_impl(self, dialect):
"""Return a dialect-specific implementation for this
:class:`.TypeEngine`.
"""
try:
return dialect._type_memos[self]["impl"]
except KeyError:
return self._dialect_info(dialect)["impl"]
def _unwrapped_dialect_impl(self, dialect):
"""Return the 'unwrapped' dialect impl for this type.
For a type that applies wrapping logic (e.g. TypeDecorator), give
us the real, actual dialect-level type that is used.
This is used by TypeDecorator itself as well at least one case where
dialects need to check that a particular specific dialect-level
type is in use, within the :meth:`.DefaultDialect.set_input_sizes`
method.
"""
return self.dialect_impl(dialect)
def _cached_literal_processor(self, dialect):
"""Return a dialect-specific literal processor for this type."""
try:
return dialect._type_memos[self]["literal"]
except KeyError:
pass
# avoid KeyError context coming into literal_processor() function
# raises
d = self._dialect_info(dialect)
d["literal"] = lp = d["impl"].literal_processor(dialect)
return lp
def _cached_bind_processor(self, dialect):
"""Return a dialect-specific bind processor for this type."""
try:
return dialect._type_memos[self]["bind"]
except KeyError:
pass
# avoid KeyError context coming into bind_processor() function
# raises
d = self._dialect_info(dialect)
d["bind"] = bp = d["impl"].bind_processor(dialect)
return bp
def _cached_result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
"""Return a dialect-specific result processor for this type."""
try:
return dialect._type_memos[self][coltype]
except KeyError:
pass
# avoid KeyError context coming into result_processor() function
# raises
d = self._dialect_info(dialect)
# key assumption: DBAPI type codes are
# constants. Else this dictionary would
# grow unbounded.
d[coltype] = rp = d["impl"].result_processor(dialect, coltype)
return rp
def _cached_custom_processor(self, dialect, key, fn):
try:
return dialect._type_memos[self][key]
except KeyError:
pass
# avoid KeyError context coming into fn() function
# raises
d = self._dialect_info(dialect)
impl = d["impl"]
d[key] = result = fn(impl)
return result
def _dialect_info(self, dialect):
"""Return a dialect-specific registry which
caches a dialect-specific implementation, bind processing
function, and one or more result processing functions."""
if self in dialect._type_memos:
return dialect._type_memos[self]
else:
impl = self._gen_dialect_impl(dialect)
if impl is self:
impl = self.adapt(type(self))
# this can't be self, else we create a cycle
assert impl is not self
dialect._type_memos[self] = d = {"impl": impl}
return d
def _gen_dialect_impl(self, dialect):
return dialect.type_descriptor(self)
def adapt(self, cls, **kw):
"""Produce an "adapted" form of this type, given an "impl" class
to work with.
This method is used internally to associate generic
types with "implementation" types that are specific to a particular
dialect.
"""
return util.constructor_copy(self, cls, **kw)
def coerce_compared_value(self, op, value):
"""Suggest a type for a 'coerced' Python value in an expression.
Given an operator and value, gives the type a chance
to return a type which the value should be coerced into.
The default behavior here is conservative; if the right-hand
side is already coerced into a SQL type based on its
Python type, it is usually left alone.
End-user functionality extension here should generally be via
:class:`.TypeDecorator`, which provides more liberal behavior in that
it defaults to coercing the other side of the expression into this
type, thus applying special Python conversions above and beyond those
needed by the DBAPI to both ides. It also provides the public method
:meth:`.TypeDecorator.coerce_compared_value` which is intended for
end-user customization of this behavior.
"""
_coerced_type = _resolve_value_to_type(value)
if (
_coerced_type is NULLTYPE
or _coerced_type._type_affinity is self._type_affinity
):
return self
else:
return _coerced_type
def _compare_type_affinity(self, other):
return self._type_affinity is other._type_affinity
def compile(self, dialect=None):
"""Produce a string-compiled form of this :class:`.TypeEngine`.
When called with no arguments, uses a "default" dialect
to produce a string result.
:param dialect: a :class:`.Dialect` instance.
"""
# arg, return value is inconsistent with
# ClauseElement.compile()....this is a mistake.
if not dialect:
dialect = self._default_dialect()
return dialect.type_compiler.process(self)
@util.dependencies("sqlalchemy.engine.default")
def _default_dialect(self, default):
if self.__class__.__module__.startswith("sqlalchemy.dialects"):
tokens = self.__class__.__module__.split(".")[0:3]
mod = ".".join(tokens)
return getattr(__import__(mod).dialects, tokens[-1]).dialect()
else:
return default.DefaultDialect()
def __str__(self):
if util.py2k:
return unicode(self.compile()).encode( # noqa
"ascii", "backslashreplace"
) # noqa
else:
return str(self.compile())
def __repr__(self):
return util.generic_repr(self)
class VisitableCheckKWArg(util.EnsureKWArgType, VisitableType):
pass
class UserDefinedType(util.with_metaclass(VisitableCheckKWArg, TypeEngine)):
"""Base for user defined types.
This should be the base of new types. Note that
for most cases, :class:`.TypeDecorator` is probably
more appropriate::
import sqlalchemy.types as types
class MyType(types.UserDefinedType):
def __init__(self, precision = 8):
self.precision = precision
def get_col_spec(self, **kw):
return "MYTYPE(%s)" % self.precision
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
def process(value):
return value
return process
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
def process(value):
return value
return process
Once the type is made, it's immediately usable::
table = Table('foo', meta,
Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
Column('data', MyType(16))
)
The ``get_col_spec()`` method will in most cases receive a keyword
argument ``type_expression`` which refers to the owning expression
of the type as being compiled, such as a :class:`_schema.Column` or
:func:`.cast` construct. This keyword is only sent if the method
accepts keyword arguments (e.g. ``**kw``) in its argument signature;
introspection is used to check for this in order to support legacy
forms of this function.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.0 the owning expression is passed to
the ``get_col_spec()`` method via the keyword argument
``type_expression``, if it receives ``**kw`` in its signature.
"""
__visit_name__ = "user_defined"
ensure_kwarg = "get_col_spec"
class Comparator(TypeEngine.Comparator):
__slots__ = ()
def _adapt_expression(self, op, other_comparator):
if hasattr(self.type, "adapt_operator"):
util.warn_deprecated(
"UserDefinedType.adapt_operator is deprecated. Create "
"a UserDefinedType.Comparator subclass instead which "
"generates the desired expression constructs, given a "
"particular operator."
)
return self.type.adapt_operator(op), self.type
else:
return super(
UserDefinedType.Comparator, self
)._adapt_expression(op, other_comparator)
comparator_factory = Comparator
def coerce_compared_value(self, op, value):
"""Suggest a type for a 'coerced' Python value in an expression.
Default behavior for :class:`.UserDefinedType` is the
same as that of :class:`.TypeDecorator`; by default it returns
``self``, assuming the compared value should be coerced into
the same type as this one. See
:meth:`.TypeDecorator.coerce_compared_value` for more detail.
"""
return self
class Emulated(object):
"""Mixin for base types that emulate the behavior of a DB-native type.
An :class:`.Emulated` type will use an available database type
in conjunction with Python-side routines and/or database constraints
in order to approximate the behavior of a database type that is provided
natively by some backends. When a native-providing backend is in
use, the native version of the type is used. This native version
should include the :class:`.NativeForEmulated` mixin to allow it to be
distinguished from :class:`.Emulated`.
Current examples of :class:`.Emulated` are: :class:`.Interval`,
:class:`.Enum`, :class:`.Boolean`.
.. versionadded:: 1.2.0b3
"""
def adapt_to_emulated(self, impltype, **kw):
"""Given an impl class, adapt this type to the impl assuming "emulated".
The impl should also be an "emulated" version of this type,
most likely the same class as this type itself.
e.g.: sqltypes.Enum adapts to the Enum class.
"""
return super(Emulated, self).adapt(impltype, **kw)
def adapt(self, impltype, **kw):
if hasattr(impltype, "adapt_emulated_to_native"):
if self.native:
# native support requested, dialect gave us a native
# implementor, pass control over to it
return impltype.adapt_emulated_to_native(self, **kw)
else:
# impltype adapts to native, and we are not native,
# so reject the impltype in favor of "us"
impltype = self.__class__
if issubclass(impltype, self.__class__):
return self.adapt_to_emulated(impltype, **kw)
else:
return super(Emulated, self).adapt(impltype, **kw)
class NativeForEmulated(object):
"""Indicates DB-native types supported by an :class:`.Emulated` type.
.. versionadded:: 1.2.0b3
"""
@classmethod
def adapt_emulated_to_native(cls, impl, **kw):
"""Given an impl, adapt this type's class to the impl assuming "native".
The impl will be an :class:`.Emulated` class but not a
:class:`.NativeForEmulated`.
e.g.: postgresql.ENUM produces a type given an Enum instance.
"""
return cls(**kw)
class TypeDecorator(SchemaEventTarget, TypeEngine):
"""Allows the creation of types which add additional functionality
to an existing type.
This method is preferred to direct subclassing of SQLAlchemy's
built-in types as it ensures that all required functionality of
the underlying type is kept in place.
Typical usage::
import sqlalchemy.types as types
class MyType(types.TypeDecorator):
'''Prefixes Unicode values with "PREFIX:" on the way in and
strips it off on the way out.
'''
impl = types.Unicode
def process_bind_param(self, value, dialect):
return "PREFIX:" + value
def process_result_value(self, value, dialect):
return value[7:]
def copy(self, **kw):
return MyType(self.impl.length)
The class-level "impl" attribute is required, and can reference any
TypeEngine class. Alternatively, the load_dialect_impl() method
can be used to provide different type classes based on the dialect
given; in this case, the "impl" variable can reference
``TypeEngine`` as a placeholder.
Types that receive a Python type that isn't similar to the ultimate type
used may want to define the :meth:`TypeDecorator.coerce_compared_value`
method. This is used to give the expression system a hint when coercing
Python objects into bind parameters within expressions. Consider this
expression::
mytable.c.somecol + datetime.date(2009, 5, 15)
Above, if "somecol" is an ``Integer`` variant, it makes sense that
we're doing date arithmetic, where above is usually interpreted
by databases as adding a number of days to the given date.
The expression system does the right thing by not attempting to
coerce the "date()" value into an integer-oriented bind parameter.
However, in the case of ``TypeDecorator``, we are usually changing an
incoming Python type to something new - ``TypeDecorator`` by default will
"coerce" the non-typed side to be the same type as itself. Such as below,
we define an "epoch" type that stores a date value as an integer::
class MyEpochType(types.TypeDecorator):
impl = types.Integer
epoch = datetime.date(1970, 1, 1)
def process_bind_param(self, value, dialect):
return (value - self.epoch).days
def process_result_value(self, value, dialect):
return self.epoch + timedelta(days=value)
Our expression of ``somecol + date`` with the above type will coerce the
"date" on the right side to also be treated as ``MyEpochType``.
This behavior can be overridden via the
:meth:`~TypeDecorator.coerce_compared_value` method, which returns a type
that should be used for the value of the expression. Below we set it such
that an integer value will be treated as an ``Integer``, and any other
value is assumed to be a date and will be treated as a ``MyEpochType``::
def coerce_compared_value(self, op, value):
if isinstance(value, int):
return Integer()
else:
return self
.. warning::
Note that the **behavior of coerce_compared_value is not inherited
by default from that of the base type**.
If the :class:`.TypeDecorator` is augmenting a
type that requires special logic for certain types of operators,
this method **must** be overridden. A key example is when decorating
the :class:`_postgresql.JSON` and :class:`_postgresql.JSONB` types;
the default rules of :meth:`.TypeEngine.coerce_compared_value` should
be used in order to deal with operators like index operations::
class MyJsonType(TypeDecorator):
impl = postgresql.JSON
def coerce_compared_value(self, op, value):
return self.impl.coerce_compared_value(op, value)
Without the above step, index operations such as ``mycol['foo']``
will cause the index value ``'foo'`` to be JSON encoded.
"""
__visit_name__ = "type_decorator"
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""Construct a :class:`.TypeDecorator`.
Arguments sent here are passed to the constructor
of the class assigned to the ``impl`` class level attribute,
assuming the ``impl`` is a callable, and the resulting
object is assigned to the ``self.impl`` instance attribute
(thus overriding the class attribute of the same name).
If the class level ``impl`` is not a callable (the unusual case),
it will be assigned to the same instance attribute 'as-is',
ignoring those arguments passed to the constructor.
Subclasses can override this to customize the generation
of ``self.impl`` entirely.
"""
if not hasattr(self.__class__, "impl"):
raise AssertionError(
"TypeDecorator implementations "
"require a class-level variable "
"'impl' which refers to the class of "
"type being decorated"
)
self.impl = to_instance(self.__class__.impl, *args, **kwargs)
coerce_to_is_types = (util.NoneType,)
"""Specify those Python types which should be coerced at the expression
level to "IS <constant>" when compared using ``==`` (and same for
``IS NOT`` in conjunction with ``!=``.
For most SQLAlchemy types, this includes ``NoneType``, as well as
``bool``.
:class:`.TypeDecorator` modifies this list to only include ``NoneType``,
as typedecorator implementations that deal with boolean types are common.
Custom :class:`.TypeDecorator` classes can override this attribute to
return an empty tuple, in which case no values will be coerced to
constants.
"""
class Comparator(TypeEngine.Comparator):
"""A :class:`.TypeEngine.Comparator` that is specific to
:class:`.TypeDecorator`.
User-defined :class:`.TypeDecorator` classes should not typically
need to modify this.
"""
__slots__ = ()
def operate(self, op, *other, **kwargs):
kwargs["_python_is_types"] = self.expr.type.coerce_to_is_types
return super(TypeDecorator.Comparator, self).operate(
op, *other, **kwargs
)
def reverse_operate(self, op, other, **kwargs):
kwargs["_python_is_types"] = self.expr.type.coerce_to_is_types
return super(TypeDecorator.Comparator, self).reverse_operate(
op, other, **kwargs
)
@property
def comparator_factory(self):
if TypeDecorator.Comparator in self.impl.comparator_factory.__mro__:
return self.impl.comparator_factory
else:
return type(
"TDComparator",
(TypeDecorator.Comparator, self.impl.comparator_factory),
{},
)
def _gen_dialect_impl(self, dialect):
"""
#todo
"""
adapted = dialect.type_descriptor(self)
if adapted is not self:
return adapted
# otherwise adapt the impl type, link
# to a copy of this TypeDecorator and return
# that.
typedesc = self._unwrapped_dialect_impl(dialect)
tt = self.copy()
if not isinstance(tt, self.__class__):
raise AssertionError(
"Type object %s does not properly "
"implement the copy() method, it must "
"return an object of type %s" % (self, self.__class__)
)
tt.impl = typedesc
return tt
@property
def _type_affinity(self):
"""
#todo
"""
return self.impl._type_affinity
def _set_parent(self, column):
"""Support SchemaEventTarget"""
super(TypeDecorator, self)._set_parent(column)
if isinstance(self.impl, SchemaEventTarget):
self.impl._set_parent(column)
def _set_parent_with_dispatch(self, parent):
"""Support SchemaEventTarget"""
super(TypeDecorator, self)._set_parent_with_dispatch(parent)
if isinstance(self.impl, SchemaEventTarget):
self.impl._set_parent_with_dispatch(parent)
def type_engine(self, dialect):
"""Return a dialect-specific :class:`.TypeEngine` instance
for this :class:`.TypeDecorator`.
In most cases this returns a dialect-adapted form of
the :class:`.TypeEngine` type represented by ``self.impl``.
Makes usage of :meth:`dialect_impl` but also traverses
into wrapped :class:`.TypeDecorator` instances.
Behavior can be customized here by overriding
:meth:`load_dialect_impl`.
"""
adapted = dialect.type_descriptor(self)
if not isinstance(adapted, type(self)):
return adapted
elif isinstance(self.impl, TypeDecorator):
return self.impl.type_engine(dialect)
else:
return self.load_dialect_impl(dialect)
def load_dialect_impl(self, dialect):
"""Return a :class:`.TypeEngine` object corresponding to a dialect.
This is an end-user override hook that can be used to provide
differing types depending on the given dialect. It is used
by the :class:`.TypeDecorator` implementation of :meth:`type_engine`
to help determine what type should ultimately be returned
for a given :class:`.TypeDecorator`.
By default returns ``self.impl``.
"""
return self.impl
def _unwrapped_dialect_impl(self, dialect):
"""Return the 'unwrapped' dialect impl for this type.
For a type that applies wrapping logic (e.g. TypeDecorator), give
us the real, actual dialect-level type that is used.
This is used by TypeDecorator itself as well at least one case where
dialects need to check that a particular specific dialect-level
type is in use, within the :meth:`.DefaultDialect.set_input_sizes`
method.
"""
return self.load_dialect_impl(dialect).dialect_impl(dialect)
def __getattr__(self, key):
"""Proxy all other undefined accessors to the underlying
implementation."""
return getattr(self.impl, key)
def process_literal_param(self, value, dialect):
"""Receive a literal parameter value to be rendered inline within
a statement.
This method is used when the compiler renders a
literal value without using binds, typically within DDL
such as in the "server default" of a column or an expression
within a CHECK constraint.
The returned string will be rendered into the output string.
.. versionadded:: 0.9.0
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def process_bind_param(self, value, dialect):
"""Receive a bound parameter value to be converted.
Subclasses override this method to return the
value that should be passed along to the underlying
:class:`.TypeEngine` object, and from there to the
DBAPI ``execute()`` method.
The operation could be anything desired to perform custom
behavior, such as transforming or serializing data.
This could also be used as a hook for validating logic.
This operation should be designed with the reverse operation
in mind, which would be the process_result_value method of
this class.
:param value: Data to operate upon, of any type expected by
this method in the subclass. Can be ``None``.
:param dialect: the :class:`.Dialect` in use.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def process_result_value(self, value, dialect):
"""Receive a result-row column value to be converted.
Subclasses should implement this method to operate on data
fetched from the database.
Subclasses override this method to return the
value that should be passed back to the application,
given a value that is already processed by
the underlying :class:`.TypeEngine` object, originally
from the DBAPI cursor method ``fetchone()`` or similar.
The operation could be anything desired to perform custom
behavior, such as transforming or serializing data.
This could also be used as a hook for validating logic.
:param value: Data to operate upon, of any type expected by
this method in the subclass. Can be ``None``.
:param dialect: the :class:`.Dialect` in use.
This operation should be designed to be reversible by
the "process_bind_param" method of this class.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
@util.memoized_property
def _has_bind_processor(self):
"""memoized boolean, check if process_bind_param is implemented.
Allows the base process_bind_param to raise
NotImplementedError without needing to test an expensive
exception throw.
"""
return (
self.__class__.process_bind_param.__code__
is not TypeDecorator.process_bind_param.__code__
)
@util.memoized_property
def _has_literal_processor(self):
"""memoized boolean, check if process_literal_param is implemented.
"""
return (
self.__class__.process_literal_param.__code__
is not TypeDecorator.process_literal_param.__code__
)
def literal_processor(self, dialect):
"""Provide a literal processing function for the given
:class:`.Dialect`.
Subclasses here will typically override
:meth:`.TypeDecorator.process_literal_param` instead of this method
directly.
By default, this method makes use of
:meth:`.TypeDecorator.process_bind_param` if that method is
implemented, where :meth:`.TypeDecorator.process_literal_param` is
not. The rationale here is that :class:`.TypeDecorator` typically
deals with Python conversions of data that are above the layer of
database presentation. With the value converted by
:meth:`.TypeDecorator.process_bind_param`, the underlying type will
then handle whether it needs to be presented to the DBAPI as a bound
parameter or to the database as an inline SQL value.
.. versionadded:: 0.9.0
"""
if self._has_literal_processor:
process_param = self.process_literal_param
elif self._has_bind_processor:
# the bind processor should normally be OK
# for TypeDecorator since it isn't doing DB-level
# handling, the handling here won't be different for bound vs.
# literals.
process_param = self.process_bind_param
else:
process_param = None
if process_param:
impl_processor = self.impl.literal_processor(dialect)
if impl_processor:
def process(value):
return impl_processor(process_param(value, dialect))
else:
def process(value):
return process_param(value, dialect)
return process
else:
return self.impl.literal_processor(dialect)
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
"""Provide a bound value processing function for the
given :class:`.Dialect`.
This is the method that fulfills the :class:`.TypeEngine`
contract for bound value conversion. :class:`.TypeDecorator`
will wrap a user-defined implementation of
:meth:`process_bind_param` here.
User-defined code can override this method directly,
though its likely best to use :meth:`process_bind_param` so that
the processing provided by ``self.impl`` is maintained.
:param dialect: Dialect instance in use.
This method is the reverse counterpart to the
:meth:`result_processor` method of this class.
"""
if self._has_bind_processor:
process_param = self.process_bind_param
impl_processor = self.impl.bind_processor(dialect)
if impl_processor:
def process(value):
return impl_processor(process_param(value, dialect))
else:
def process(value):
return process_param(value, dialect)
return process
else:
return self.impl.bind_processor(dialect)
@util.memoized_property
def _has_result_processor(self):
"""memoized boolean, check if process_result_value is implemented.
Allows the base process_result_value to raise
NotImplementedError without needing to test an expensive
exception throw.
"""
return (
self.__class__.process_result_value.__code__
is not TypeDecorator.process_result_value.__code__
)
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
"""Provide a result value processing function for the given
:class:`.Dialect`.
This is the method that fulfills the :class:`.TypeEngine`
contract for result value conversion. :class:`.TypeDecorator`
will wrap a user-defined implementation of
:meth:`process_result_value` here.
User-defined code can override this method directly,
though its likely best to use :meth:`process_result_value` so that
the processing provided by ``self.impl`` is maintained.
:param dialect: Dialect instance in use.
:param coltype: A SQLAlchemy data type
This method is the reverse counterpart to the
:meth:`bind_processor` method of this class.
"""
if self._has_result_processor:
process_value = self.process_result_value
impl_processor = self.impl.result_processor(dialect, coltype)
if impl_processor:
def process(value):
return process_value(impl_processor(value), dialect)
else:
def process(value):
return process_value(value, dialect)
return process
else:
return self.impl.result_processor(dialect, coltype)
@util.memoized_property
def _has_bind_expression(self):
return (
self.__class__.bind_expression.__code__
is not TypeDecorator.bind_expression.__code__
) or self.impl._has_bind_expression
def bind_expression(self, bindparam):
return self.impl.bind_expression(bindparam)
@util.memoized_property
def _has_column_expression(self):
"""memoized boolean, check if column_expression is implemented.
Allows the method to be skipped for the vast majority of expression
types that don't use this feature.
"""
return (
self.__class__.column_expression.__code__
is not TypeDecorator.column_expression.__code__
) or self.impl._has_column_expression
def column_expression(self, column):
return self.impl.column_expression(column)
def coerce_compared_value(self, op, value):
"""Suggest a type for a 'coerced' Python value in an expression.
By default, returns self. This method is called by
the expression system when an object using this type is
on the left or right side of an expression against a plain Python
object which does not yet have a SQLAlchemy type assigned::
expr = table.c.somecolumn + 35
Where above, if ``somecolumn`` uses this type, this method will
be called with the value ``operator.add``
and ``35``. The return value is whatever SQLAlchemy type should
be used for ``35`` for this particular operation.
"""
return self
def copy(self, **kw):
"""Produce a copy of this :class:`.TypeDecorator` instance.
This is a shallow copy and is provided to fulfill part of
the :class:`.TypeEngine` contract. It usually does not
need to be overridden unless the user-defined :class:`.TypeDecorator`
has local state that should be deep-copied.
"""
instance = self.__class__.__new__(self.__class__)
instance.__dict__.update(self.__dict__)
return instance
def get_dbapi_type(self, dbapi):
"""Return the DBAPI type object represented by this
:class:`.TypeDecorator`.
By default this calls upon :meth:`.TypeEngine.get_dbapi_type` of the
underlying "impl".
"""
return self.impl.get_dbapi_type(dbapi)
def compare_values(self, x, y):
"""Given two values, compare them for equality.
By default this calls upon :meth:`.TypeEngine.compare_values`
of the underlying "impl", which in turn usually
uses the Python equals operator ``==``.
This function is used by the ORM to compare
an original-loaded value with an intercepted
"changed" value, to determine if a net change
has occurred.
"""
return self.impl.compare_values(x, y)
@property
def sort_key_function(self):
return self.impl.sort_key_function
def __repr__(self):
return util.generic_repr(self, to_inspect=self.impl)
class Variant(TypeDecorator):
"""A wrapping type that selects among a variety of
implementations based on dialect in use.
The :class:`.Variant` type is typically constructed
using the :meth:`.TypeEngine.with_variant` method.
.. seealso:: :meth:`.TypeEngine.with_variant` for an example of use.
"""
def __init__(self, base, mapping):
"""Construct a new :class:`.Variant`.
:param base: the base 'fallback' type
:param mapping: dictionary of string dialect names to
:class:`.TypeEngine` instances.
"""
self.impl = base
self.mapping = mapping
def coerce_compared_value(self, operator, value):
result = self.impl.coerce_compared_value(operator, value)
if result is self.impl:
return self
else:
return result
def load_dialect_impl(self, dialect):
if dialect.name in self.mapping:
return self.mapping[dialect.name]
else:
return self.impl
def _set_parent(self, column):
"""Support SchemaEventTarget"""
if isinstance(self.impl, SchemaEventTarget):
self.impl._set_parent(column)
for impl in self.mapping.values():
if isinstance(impl, SchemaEventTarget):
impl._set_parent(column)
def _set_parent_with_dispatch(self, parent):
"""Support SchemaEventTarget"""
if isinstance(self.impl, SchemaEventTarget):
self.impl._set_parent_with_dispatch(parent)
for impl in self.mapping.values():
if isinstance(impl, SchemaEventTarget):
impl._set_parent_with_dispatch(parent)
def with_variant(self, type_, dialect_name):
r"""Return a new :class:`.Variant` which adds the given
type + dialect name to the mapping, in addition to the
mapping present in this :class:`.Variant`.
:param type\_: a :class:`.TypeEngine` that will be selected
as a variant from the originating type, when a dialect
of the given name is in use.
:param dialect_name: base name of the dialect which uses
this type. (i.e. ``'postgresql'``, ``'mysql'``, etc.)
"""
if dialect_name in self.mapping:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Dialect '%s' is already present in "
"the mapping for this Variant" % dialect_name
)
mapping = self.mapping.copy()
mapping[dialect_name] = type_
return Variant(self.impl, mapping)
@property
def comparator_factory(self):
"""express comparison behavior in terms of the base type"""
return self.impl.comparator_factory
def _reconstitute_comparator(expression):
return expression.comparator
def to_instance(typeobj, *arg, **kw):
if typeobj is None:
return NULLTYPE
if util.callable(typeobj):
return typeobj(*arg, **kw)
else:
return typeobj
def adapt_type(typeobj, colspecs):
if isinstance(typeobj, type):
typeobj = typeobj()
for t in typeobj.__class__.__mro__[0:-1]:
try:
impltype = colspecs[t]
break
except KeyError:
pass
else:
# couldn't adapt - so just return the type itself
# (it may be a user-defined type)
return typeobj
# if we adapted the given generic type to a database-specific type,
# but it turns out the originally given "generic" type
# is actually a subclass of our resulting type, then we were already
# given a more specific type than that required; so use that.
if issubclass(typeobj.__class__, impltype):
return typeobj
return typeobj.adapt(impltype)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/sqlalchemy
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/sqlalchemy/sql/crud.py
|
# sql/crud.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2020 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""Functions used by compiler.py to determine the parameters rendered
within INSERT and UPDATE statements.
"""
import operator
from . import dml
from . import elements
from .. import exc
from .. import util
REQUIRED = util.symbol(
"REQUIRED",
"""
Placeholder for the value within a :class:`.BindParameter`
which is required to be present when the statement is passed
to :meth:`_engine.Connection.execute`.
This symbol is typically used when a :func:`_expression.insert`
or :func:`_expression.update` statement is compiled without parameter
values present.
""",
)
ISINSERT = util.symbol("ISINSERT")
ISUPDATE = util.symbol("ISUPDATE")
ISDELETE = util.symbol("ISDELETE")
def _setup_crud_params(compiler, stmt, local_stmt_type, **kw):
restore_isinsert = compiler.isinsert
restore_isupdate = compiler.isupdate
restore_isdelete = compiler.isdelete
should_restore = (
(restore_isinsert or restore_isupdate or restore_isdelete)
or len(compiler.stack) > 1
or "visiting_cte" in kw
)
if local_stmt_type is ISINSERT:
compiler.isupdate = False
compiler.isinsert = True
elif local_stmt_type is ISUPDATE:
compiler.isupdate = True
compiler.isinsert = False
elif local_stmt_type is ISDELETE:
if not should_restore:
compiler.isdelete = True
else:
assert False, "ISINSERT, ISUPDATE, or ISDELETE expected"
try:
if local_stmt_type in (ISINSERT, ISUPDATE):
return _get_crud_params(compiler, stmt, **kw)
finally:
if should_restore:
compiler.isinsert = restore_isinsert
compiler.isupdate = restore_isupdate
compiler.isdelete = restore_isdelete
def _get_crud_params(compiler, stmt, **kw):
"""create a set of tuples representing column/string pairs for use
in an INSERT or UPDATE statement.
Also generates the Compiled object's postfetch, prefetch, and
returning column collections, used for default handling and ultimately
populating the ResultProxy's prefetch_cols() and postfetch_cols()
collections.
"""
compiler.postfetch = []
compiler.insert_prefetch = []
compiler.update_prefetch = []
compiler.returning = []
# no parameters in the statement, no parameters in the
# compiled params - return binds for all columns
if compiler.column_keys is None and stmt.parameters is None:
return [
(c, _create_bind_param(compiler, c, None, required=True))
for c in stmt.table.columns
]
if stmt._has_multi_parameters:
stmt_parameters = stmt.parameters[0]
else:
stmt_parameters = stmt.parameters
# getters - these are normally just column.key,
# but in the case of mysql multi-table update, the rules for
# .key must conditionally take tablename into account
(
_column_as_key,
_getattr_col_key,
_col_bind_name,
) = _key_getters_for_crud_column(compiler, stmt)
# if we have statement parameters - set defaults in the
# compiled params
if compiler.column_keys is None:
parameters = {}
else:
parameters = dict(
(_column_as_key(key), REQUIRED)
for key in compiler.column_keys
if not stmt_parameters or key not in stmt_parameters
)
# create a list of column assignment clauses as tuples
values = []
if stmt_parameters is not None:
_get_stmt_parameters_params(
compiler, parameters, stmt_parameters, _column_as_key, values, kw
)
check_columns = {}
# special logic that only occurs for multi-table UPDATE
# statements
if compiler.isupdate and stmt._extra_froms and stmt_parameters:
_get_multitable_params(
compiler,
stmt,
stmt_parameters,
check_columns,
_col_bind_name,
_getattr_col_key,
values,
kw,
)
if compiler.isinsert and stmt.select_names:
_scan_insert_from_select_cols(
compiler,
stmt,
parameters,
_getattr_col_key,
_column_as_key,
_col_bind_name,
check_columns,
values,
kw,
)
else:
_scan_cols(
compiler,
stmt,
parameters,
_getattr_col_key,
_column_as_key,
_col_bind_name,
check_columns,
values,
kw,
)
if parameters and stmt_parameters:
check = (
set(parameters)
.intersection(_column_as_key(k) for k in stmt_parameters)
.difference(check_columns)
)
if check:
raise exc.CompileError(
"Unconsumed column names: %s"
% (", ".join("%s" % c for c in check))
)
if stmt._has_multi_parameters:
values = _extend_values_for_multiparams(compiler, stmt, values, kw)
return values
def _create_bind_param(
compiler, col, value, process=True, required=False, name=None, **kw
):
if name is None:
name = col.key
bindparam = elements.BindParameter(
name, value, type_=col.type, required=required
)
bindparam._is_crud = True
if process:
bindparam = bindparam._compiler_dispatch(compiler, **kw)
return bindparam
def _key_getters_for_crud_column(compiler, stmt):
if compiler.isupdate and stmt._extra_froms:
# when extra tables are present, refer to the columns
# in those extra tables as table-qualified, including in
# dictionaries and when rendering bind param names.
# the "main" table of the statement remains unqualified,
# allowing the most compatibility with a non-multi-table
# statement.
_et = set(stmt._extra_froms)
def _column_as_key(key):
str_key = elements._column_as_key(key)
if hasattr(key, "table") and key.table in _et:
return (key.table.name, str_key)
else:
return str_key
def _getattr_col_key(col):
if col.table in _et:
return (col.table.name, col.key)
else:
return col.key
def _col_bind_name(col):
if col.table in _et:
return "%s_%s" % (col.table.name, col.key)
else:
return col.key
else:
_column_as_key = elements._column_as_key
_getattr_col_key = _col_bind_name = operator.attrgetter("key")
return _column_as_key, _getattr_col_key, _col_bind_name
def _scan_insert_from_select_cols(
compiler,
stmt,
parameters,
_getattr_col_key,
_column_as_key,
_col_bind_name,
check_columns,
values,
kw,
):
(
need_pks,
implicit_returning,
implicit_return_defaults,
postfetch_lastrowid,
) = _get_returning_modifiers(compiler, stmt)
cols = [stmt.table.c[_column_as_key(name)] for name in stmt.select_names]
compiler._insert_from_select = stmt.select
add_select_cols = []
if stmt.include_insert_from_select_defaults:
col_set = set(cols)
for col in stmt.table.columns:
if col not in col_set and col.default:
cols.append(col)
for c in cols:
col_key = _getattr_col_key(c)
if col_key in parameters and col_key not in check_columns:
parameters.pop(col_key)
values.append((c, None))
else:
_append_param_insert_select_hasdefault(
compiler, stmt, c, add_select_cols, kw
)
if add_select_cols:
values.extend(add_select_cols)
compiler._insert_from_select = compiler._insert_from_select._generate()
compiler._insert_from_select._raw_columns = tuple(
compiler._insert_from_select._raw_columns
) + tuple(expr for col, expr in add_select_cols)
def _scan_cols(
compiler,
stmt,
parameters,
_getattr_col_key,
_column_as_key,
_col_bind_name,
check_columns,
values,
kw,
):
(
need_pks,
implicit_returning,
implicit_return_defaults,
postfetch_lastrowid,
) = _get_returning_modifiers(compiler, stmt)
if stmt._parameter_ordering:
parameter_ordering = [
_column_as_key(key) for key in stmt._parameter_ordering
]
ordered_keys = set(parameter_ordering)
cols = [stmt.table.c[key] for key in parameter_ordering] + [
c for c in stmt.table.c if c.key not in ordered_keys
]
else:
cols = stmt.table.columns
for c in cols:
col_key = _getattr_col_key(c)
if col_key in parameters and col_key not in check_columns:
_append_param_parameter(
compiler,
stmt,
c,
col_key,
parameters,
_col_bind_name,
implicit_returning,
implicit_return_defaults,
values,
kw,
)
elif compiler.isinsert:
if (
c.primary_key
and need_pks
and (
implicit_returning
or not postfetch_lastrowid
or c is not stmt.table._autoincrement_column
)
):
if implicit_returning:
_append_param_insert_pk_returning(
compiler, stmt, c, values, kw
)
else:
_append_param_insert_pk(compiler, stmt, c, values, kw)
elif c.default is not None:
_append_param_insert_hasdefault(
compiler, stmt, c, implicit_return_defaults, values, kw
)
elif c.server_default is not None:
if implicit_return_defaults and c in implicit_return_defaults:
compiler.returning.append(c)
elif not c.primary_key:
compiler.postfetch.append(c)
elif implicit_return_defaults and c in implicit_return_defaults:
compiler.returning.append(c)
elif (
c.primary_key
and c is not stmt.table._autoincrement_column
and not c.nullable
):
_warn_pk_with_no_anticipated_value(c)
elif compiler.isupdate:
_append_param_update(
compiler, stmt, c, implicit_return_defaults, values, kw
)
def _append_param_parameter(
compiler,
stmt,
c,
col_key,
parameters,
_col_bind_name,
implicit_returning,
implicit_return_defaults,
values,
kw,
):
value = parameters.pop(col_key)
if elements._is_literal(value):
value = _create_bind_param(
compiler,
c,
value,
required=value is REQUIRED,
name=_col_bind_name(c)
if not stmt._has_multi_parameters
else "%s_m0" % _col_bind_name(c),
**kw
)
else:
if isinstance(value, elements.BindParameter) and value.type._isnull:
value = value._clone()
value.type = c.type
if c.primary_key and implicit_returning:
compiler.returning.append(c)
value = compiler.process(value.self_group(), **kw)
elif implicit_return_defaults and c in implicit_return_defaults:
compiler.returning.append(c)
value = compiler.process(value.self_group(), **kw)
else:
# postfetch specifically means, "we can SELECT the row we just
# inserted by primary key to get back the server generated
# defaults". so by definition this can't be used to get the primary
# key value back, because we need to have it ahead of time.
if not c.primary_key:
compiler.postfetch.append(c)
value = compiler.process(value.self_group(), **kw)
values.append((c, value))
def _append_param_insert_pk_returning(compiler, stmt, c, values, kw):
"""Create a primary key expression in the INSERT statement and
possibly a RETURNING clause for it.
If the column has a Python-side default, we will create a bound
parameter for it and "pre-execute" the Python function. If
the column has a SQL expression default, or is a sequence,
we will add it directly into the INSERT statement and add a
RETURNING element to get the new value. If the column has a
server side default or is marked as the "autoincrement" column,
we will add a RETRUNING element to get at the value.
If all the above tests fail, that indicates a primary key column with no
noted default generation capabilities that has no parameter passed;
raise an exception.
"""
if c.default is not None:
if c.default.is_sequence:
if compiler.dialect.supports_sequences and (
not c.default.optional
or not compiler.dialect.sequences_optional
):
proc = compiler.process(c.default, **kw)
values.append((c, proc))
compiler.returning.append(c)
elif c.default.is_clause_element:
values.append(
(c, compiler.process(c.default.arg.self_group(), **kw))
)
compiler.returning.append(c)
else:
values.append((c, _create_insert_prefetch_bind_param(compiler, c)))
elif c is stmt.table._autoincrement_column or c.server_default is not None:
compiler.returning.append(c)
elif not c.nullable:
# no .default, no .server_default, not autoincrement, we have
# no indication this primary key column will have any value
_warn_pk_with_no_anticipated_value(c)
def _create_insert_prefetch_bind_param(compiler, c, process=True, name=None):
param = _create_bind_param(compiler, c, None, process=process, name=name)
compiler.insert_prefetch.append(c)
return param
def _create_update_prefetch_bind_param(compiler, c, process=True, name=None):
param = _create_bind_param(compiler, c, None, process=process, name=name)
compiler.update_prefetch.append(c)
return param
class _multiparam_column(elements.ColumnElement):
_is_multiparam_column = True
def __init__(self, original, index):
self.index = index
self.key = "%s_m%d" % (original.key, index + 1)
self.original = original
self.default = original.default
self.type = original.type
def __eq__(self, other):
return (
isinstance(other, _multiparam_column)
and other.key == self.key
and other.original == self.original
)
def _process_multiparam_default_bind(compiler, stmt, c, index, kw):
if not c.default:
raise exc.CompileError(
"INSERT value for column %s is explicitly rendered as a bound"
"parameter in the VALUES clause; "
"a Python-side value or SQL expression is required" % c
)
elif c.default.is_clause_element:
return compiler.process(c.default.arg.self_group(), **kw)
else:
col = _multiparam_column(c, index)
if isinstance(stmt, dml.Insert):
return _create_insert_prefetch_bind_param(compiler, col)
else:
return _create_update_prefetch_bind_param(compiler, col)
def _append_param_insert_pk(compiler, stmt, c, values, kw):
"""Create a bound parameter in the INSERT statement to receive a
'prefetched' default value.
The 'prefetched' value indicates that we are to invoke a Python-side
default function or expliclt SQL expression before the INSERT statement
proceeds, so that we have a primary key value available.
if the column has no noted default generation capabilities, it has
no value passed in either; raise an exception.
"""
if (
# column has a Python-side default
c.default is not None
and (
# and it won't be a Sequence
not c.default.is_sequence
or compiler.dialect.supports_sequences
)
) or (
# column is the "autoincrement column"
c is stmt.table._autoincrement_column
and (
# and it's either a "sequence" or a
# pre-executable "autoincrement" sequence
compiler.dialect.supports_sequences
or compiler.dialect.preexecute_autoincrement_sequences
)
):
values.append((c, _create_insert_prefetch_bind_param(compiler, c)))
elif c.default is None and c.server_default is None and not c.nullable:
# no .default, no .server_default, not autoincrement, we have
# no indication this primary key column will have any value
_warn_pk_with_no_anticipated_value(c)
def _append_param_insert_hasdefault(
compiler, stmt, c, implicit_return_defaults, values, kw
):
if c.default.is_sequence:
if compiler.dialect.supports_sequences and (
not c.default.optional or not compiler.dialect.sequences_optional
):
proc = compiler.process(c.default, **kw)
values.append((c, proc))
if implicit_return_defaults and c in implicit_return_defaults:
compiler.returning.append(c)
elif not c.primary_key:
compiler.postfetch.append(c)
elif c.default.is_clause_element:
proc = compiler.process(c.default.arg.self_group(), **kw)
values.append((c, proc))
if implicit_return_defaults and c in implicit_return_defaults:
compiler.returning.append(c)
elif not c.primary_key:
# don't add primary key column to postfetch
compiler.postfetch.append(c)
else:
values.append((c, _create_insert_prefetch_bind_param(compiler, c)))
def _append_param_insert_select_hasdefault(compiler, stmt, c, values, kw):
if c.default.is_sequence:
if compiler.dialect.supports_sequences and (
not c.default.optional or not compiler.dialect.sequences_optional
):
proc = c.default
values.append((c, proc.next_value()))
elif c.default.is_clause_element:
proc = c.default.arg.self_group()
values.append((c, proc))
else:
values.append(
(c, _create_insert_prefetch_bind_param(compiler, c, process=False))
)
def _append_param_update(
compiler, stmt, c, implicit_return_defaults, values, kw
):
if c.onupdate is not None and not c.onupdate.is_sequence:
if c.onupdate.is_clause_element:
values.append(
(c, compiler.process(c.onupdate.arg.self_group(), **kw))
)
if implicit_return_defaults and c in implicit_return_defaults:
compiler.returning.append(c)
else:
compiler.postfetch.append(c)
else:
values.append((c, _create_update_prefetch_bind_param(compiler, c)))
elif c.server_onupdate is not None:
if implicit_return_defaults and c in implicit_return_defaults:
compiler.returning.append(c)
else:
compiler.postfetch.append(c)
elif (
implicit_return_defaults
and stmt._return_defaults is not True
and c in implicit_return_defaults
):
compiler.returning.append(c)
def _get_multitable_params(
compiler,
stmt,
stmt_parameters,
check_columns,
_col_bind_name,
_getattr_col_key,
values,
kw,
):
normalized_params = dict(
(elements._clause_element_as_expr(c), param)
for c, param in stmt_parameters.items()
)
affected_tables = set()
for t in stmt._extra_froms:
for c in t.c:
if c in normalized_params:
affected_tables.add(t)
check_columns[_getattr_col_key(c)] = c
value = normalized_params[c]
if elements._is_literal(value):
value = _create_bind_param(
compiler,
c,
value,
required=value is REQUIRED,
name=_col_bind_name(c),
)
else:
compiler.postfetch.append(c)
value = compiler.process(value.self_group(), **kw)
values.append((c, value))
# determine tables which are actually to be updated - process onupdate
# and server_onupdate for these
for t in affected_tables:
for c in t.c:
if c in normalized_params:
continue
elif c.onupdate is not None and not c.onupdate.is_sequence:
if c.onupdate.is_clause_element:
values.append(
(
c,
compiler.process(
c.onupdate.arg.self_group(), **kw
),
)
)
compiler.postfetch.append(c)
else:
values.append(
(
c,
_create_update_prefetch_bind_param(
compiler, c, name=_col_bind_name(c)
),
)
)
elif c.server_onupdate is not None:
compiler.postfetch.append(c)
def _extend_values_for_multiparams(compiler, stmt, values, kw):
values_0 = values
values = [values]
for i, row in enumerate(stmt.parameters[1:]):
extension = []
for (col, param) in values_0:
if col in row or col.key in row:
key = col if col in row else col.key
if elements._is_literal(row[key]):
new_param = _create_bind_param(
compiler,
col,
row[key],
name="%s_m%d" % (col.key, i + 1),
**kw
)
else:
new_param = compiler.process(row[key].self_group(), **kw)
else:
new_param = _process_multiparam_default_bind(
compiler, stmt, col, i, kw
)
extension.append((col, new_param))
values.append(extension)
return values
def _get_stmt_parameters_params(
compiler, parameters, stmt_parameters, _column_as_key, values, kw
):
for k, v in stmt_parameters.items():
colkey = _column_as_key(k)
if colkey is not None:
parameters.setdefault(colkey, v)
else:
# a non-Column expression on the left side;
# add it to values() in an "as-is" state,
# coercing right side to bound param
if elements._is_literal(v):
v = compiler.process(
elements.BindParameter(None, v, type_=k.type), **kw
)
else:
v = compiler.process(v.self_group(), **kw)
values.append((k, v))
def _get_returning_modifiers(compiler, stmt):
need_pks = (
compiler.isinsert
and not compiler.inline
and not stmt._returning
and not stmt._has_multi_parameters
)
implicit_returning = (
need_pks
and compiler.dialect.implicit_returning
and stmt.table.implicit_returning
)
if compiler.isinsert:
implicit_return_defaults = implicit_returning and stmt._return_defaults
elif compiler.isupdate:
implicit_return_defaults = (
compiler.dialect.implicit_returning
and stmt.table.implicit_returning
and stmt._return_defaults
)
else:
# this line is unused, currently we are always
# isinsert or isupdate
implicit_return_defaults = False # pragma: no cover
if implicit_return_defaults:
if stmt._return_defaults is True:
implicit_return_defaults = set(stmt.table.c)
else:
implicit_return_defaults = set(stmt._return_defaults)
postfetch_lastrowid = need_pks and compiler.dialect.postfetch_lastrowid
return (
need_pks,
implicit_returning,
implicit_return_defaults,
postfetch_lastrowid,
)
def _warn_pk_with_no_anticipated_value(c):
msg = (
"Column '%s.%s' is marked as a member of the "
"primary key for table '%s', "
"but has no Python-side or server-side default generator indicated, "
"nor does it indicate 'autoincrement=True' or 'nullable=True', "
"and no explicit value is passed. "
"Primary key columns typically may not store NULL."
% (c.table.fullname, c.name, c.table.fullname)
)
if len(c.table.primary_key) > 1:
msg += (
" Note that as of SQLAlchemy 1.1, 'autoincrement=True' must be "
"indicated explicitly for composite (e.g. multicolumn) primary "
"keys if AUTO_INCREMENT/SERIAL/IDENTITY "
"behavior is expected for one of the columns in the primary key. "
"CREATE TABLE statements are impacted by this change as well on "
"most backends."
)
util.warn(msg)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/sqlalchemy
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/sqlalchemy/sql/schema.py
|
# sql/schema.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2020 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""The schema module provides the building blocks for database metadata.
Each element within this module describes a database entity which can be
created and dropped, or is otherwise part of such an entity. Examples include
tables, columns, sequences, and indexes.
All entities are subclasses of :class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.SchemaItem`, and as
defined in this module they are intended to be agnostic of any vendor-specific
constructs.
A collection of entities are grouped into a unit called
:class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.MetaData`. MetaData serves as a logical grouping of
schema elements, and can also be associated with an actual database connection
such that operations involving the contained elements can contact the database
as needed.
Two of the elements here also build upon their "syntactic" counterparts, which
are defined in :class:`~sqlalchemy.sql.expression.`, specifically
:class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.Table` and :class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.Column`.
Since these objects are part of the SQL expression language, they are usable
as components in SQL expressions.
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import
import collections
import operator
import sqlalchemy
from . import ddl
from . import type_api
from . import visitors
from .base import _bind_or_error
from .base import ColumnCollection
from .base import DialectKWArgs
from .base import SchemaEventTarget
from .elements import _as_truncated
from .elements import _document_text_coercion
from .elements import _literal_as_text
from .elements import ClauseElement
from .elements import ColumnClause
from .elements import ColumnElement
from .elements import quoted_name
from .elements import TextClause
from .selectable import TableClause
from .. import event
from .. import exc
from .. import inspection
from .. import util
RETAIN_SCHEMA = util.symbol("retain_schema")
BLANK_SCHEMA = util.symbol(
"blank_schema",
"""Symbol indicating that a :class:`_schema.Table` or :class:`.Sequence`
should have 'None' for its schema, even if the parent
:class:`_schema.MetaData` has specified a schema.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.14
""",
)
def _get_table_key(name, schema):
if schema is None:
return name
else:
return schema + "." + name
# this should really be in sql/util.py but we'd have to
# break an import cycle
def _copy_expression(expression, source_table, target_table):
def replace(col):
if (
isinstance(col, Column)
and col.table is source_table
and col.key in source_table.c
):
return target_table.c[col.key]
else:
return None
return visitors.replacement_traverse(expression, {}, replace)
@inspection._self_inspects
class SchemaItem(SchemaEventTarget, visitors.Visitable):
"""Base class for items that define a database schema."""
__visit_name__ = "schema_item"
def _init_items(self, *args):
"""Initialize the list of child items for this SchemaItem."""
for item in args:
if item is not None:
try:
spwd = item._set_parent_with_dispatch
except AttributeError as err:
util.raise_(
exc.ArgumentError(
"'SchemaItem' object, such as a 'Column' or a "
"'Constraint' expected, got %r" % item
),
replace_context=err,
)
else:
spwd(self)
def get_children(self, **kwargs):
"""used to allow SchemaVisitor access"""
return []
def __repr__(self):
return util.generic_repr(self, omit_kwarg=["info"])
@property
@util.deprecated(
"0.9",
"The :attr:`.SchemaItem.quote` attribute is deprecated and will be "
"removed in a future release. Use the :attr:`.quoted_name.quote` "
"attribute on the ``name`` field of the target schema item to retrieve"
"quoted status.",
)
def quote(self):
"""Return the value of the ``quote`` flag passed
to this schema object, for those schema items which
have a ``name`` field.
"""
return self.name.quote
@util.memoized_property
def info(self):
"""Info dictionary associated with the object, allowing user-defined
data to be associated with this :class:`.SchemaItem`.
The dictionary is automatically generated when first accessed.
It can also be specified in the constructor of some objects,
such as :class:`_schema.Table` and :class:`_schema.Column`.
"""
return {}
def _schema_item_copy(self, schema_item):
if "info" in self.__dict__:
schema_item.info = self.info.copy()
schema_item.dispatch._update(self.dispatch)
return schema_item
def _translate_schema(self, effective_schema, map_):
return map_.get(effective_schema, effective_schema)
class Table(DialectKWArgs, SchemaItem, TableClause):
r"""Represent a table in a database.
e.g.::
mytable = Table("mytable", metadata,
Column('mytable_id', Integer, primary_key=True),
Column('value', String(50))
)
The :class:`_schema.Table`
object constructs a unique instance of itself based
on its name and optional schema name within the given
:class:`_schema.MetaData` object. Calling the :class:`_schema.Table`
constructor with the same name and same :class:`_schema.MetaData` argument
a second time will return the *same* :class:`_schema.Table`
object - in this way
the :class:`_schema.Table` constructor acts as a registry function.
.. seealso::
:ref:`metadata_describing` - Introduction to database metadata
Constructor arguments are as follows:
:param name: The name of this table as represented in the database.
The table name, along with the value of the ``schema`` parameter,
forms a key which uniquely identifies this :class:`_schema.Table`
within
the owning :class:`_schema.MetaData` collection.
Additional calls to :class:`_schema.Table` with the same name,
metadata,
and schema name will return the same :class:`_schema.Table` object.
Names which contain no upper case characters
will be treated as case insensitive names, and will not be quoted
unless they are a reserved word or contain special characters.
A name with any number of upper case characters is considered
to be case sensitive, and will be sent as quoted.
To enable unconditional quoting for the table name, specify the flag
``quote=True`` to the constructor, or use the :class:`.quoted_name`
construct to specify the name.
:param metadata: a :class:`_schema.MetaData`
object which will contain this
table. The metadata is used as a point of association of this table
with other tables which are referenced via foreign key. It also
may be used to associate this table with a particular
:class:`.Connectable`.
:param \*args: Additional positional arguments are used primarily
to add the list of :class:`_schema.Column`
objects contained within this
table. Similar to the style of a CREATE TABLE statement, other
:class:`.SchemaItem` constructs may be added here, including
:class:`.PrimaryKeyConstraint`, and
:class:`_schema.ForeignKeyConstraint`.
:param autoload: Defaults to False, unless
:paramref:`_schema.Table.autoload_with`
is set in which case it defaults to True; :class:`_schema.Column`
objects
for this table should be reflected from the database, possibly
augmenting or replacing existing :class:`_schema.Column`
objects that were
explicitly specified.
.. versionchanged:: 1.0.0 setting the
:paramref:`_schema.Table.autoload_with`
parameter implies that :paramref:`_schema.Table.autoload`
will default
to True.
.. seealso::
:ref:`metadata_reflection_toplevel`
:param autoload_replace: Defaults to ``True``; when using
:paramref:`_schema.Table.autoload`
in conjunction with :paramref:`_schema.Table.extend_existing`,
indicates
that :class:`_schema.Column` objects present in the already-existing
:class:`_schema.Table`
object should be replaced with columns of the same
name retrieved from the autoload process. When ``False``, columns
already present under existing names will be omitted from the
reflection process.
Note that this setting does not impact :class:`_schema.Column` objects
specified programmatically within the call to :class:`_schema.Table`
that
also is autoloading; those :class:`_schema.Column` objects will always
replace existing columns of the same name when
:paramref:`_schema.Table.extend_existing` is ``True``.
.. seealso::
:paramref:`_schema.Table.autoload`
:paramref:`_schema.Table.extend_existing`
:param autoload_with: An :class:`_engine.Engine` or
:class:`_engine.Connection` object
with which this :class:`_schema.Table` object will be reflected; when
set to a non-None value, it implies that
:paramref:`_schema.Table.autoload`
is ``True``. If left unset, but :paramref:`_schema.Table.autoload`
is
explicitly set to ``True``, an autoload operation will attempt to
proceed by locating an :class:`_engine.Engine` or
:class:`_engine.Connection` bound
to the underlying :class:`_schema.MetaData` object.
.. seealso::
:paramref:`_schema.Table.autoload`
:param extend_existing: When ``True``, indicates that if this
:class:`_schema.Table` is already present in the given
:class:`_schema.MetaData`,
apply further arguments within the constructor to the existing
:class:`_schema.Table`.
If :paramref:`_schema.Table.extend_existing` or
:paramref:`_schema.Table.keep_existing` are not set,
and the given name
of the new :class:`_schema.Table` refers to a :class:`_schema.Table`
that is
already present in the target :class:`_schema.MetaData` collection,
and
this :class:`_schema.Table`
specifies additional columns or other constructs
or flags that modify the table's state, an
error is raised. The purpose of these two mutually-exclusive flags
is to specify what action should be taken when a
:class:`_schema.Table`
is specified that matches an existing :class:`_schema.Table`,
yet specifies
additional constructs.
:paramref:`_schema.Table.extend_existing`
will also work in conjunction
with :paramref:`_schema.Table.autoload` to run a new reflection
operation against the database, even if a :class:`_schema.Table`
of the same name is already present in the target
:class:`_schema.MetaData`; newly reflected :class:`_schema.Column`
objects
and other options will be added into the state of the
:class:`_schema.Table`, potentially overwriting existing columns
and options of the same name.
As is always the case with :paramref:`_schema.Table.autoload`,
:class:`_schema.Column` objects can be specified in the same
:class:`_schema.Table`
constructor, which will take precedence. Below, the existing
table ``mytable`` will be augmented with :class:`_schema.Column`
objects
both reflected from the database, as well as the given
:class:`_schema.Column`
named "y"::
Table("mytable", metadata,
Column('y', Integer),
extend_existing=True,
autoload=True,
autoload_with=engine
)
.. seealso::
:paramref:`_schema.Table.autoload`
:paramref:`_schema.Table.autoload_replace`
:paramref:`_schema.Table.keep_existing`
:param implicit_returning: True by default - indicates that
RETURNING can be used by default to fetch newly inserted primary key
values, for backends which support this. Note that
create_engine() also provides an implicit_returning flag.
:param include_columns: A list of strings indicating a subset of
columns to be loaded via the ``autoload`` operation; table columns who
aren't present in this list will not be represented on the resulting
``Table`` object. Defaults to ``None`` which indicates all columns
should be reflected.
:param resolve_fks: Whether or not to reflect :class:`_schema.Table`
objects
related to this one via :class:`_schema.ForeignKey` objects, when
:paramref:`_schema.Table.autoload` or
:paramref:`_schema.Table.autoload_with` is
specified. Defaults to True. Set to False to disable reflection of
related tables as :class:`_schema.ForeignKey`
objects are encountered; may be
used either to save on SQL calls or to avoid issues with related tables
that can't be accessed. Note that if a related table is already present
in the :class:`_schema.MetaData` collection, or becomes present later,
a
:class:`_schema.ForeignKey` object associated with this
:class:`_schema.Table` will
resolve to that table normally.
.. versionadded:: 1.3
.. seealso::
:paramref:`.MetaData.reflect.resolve_fks`
:param info: Optional data dictionary which will be populated into the
:attr:`.SchemaItem.info` attribute of this object.
:param keep_existing: When ``True``, indicates that if this Table
is already present in the given :class:`_schema.MetaData`, ignore
further arguments within the constructor to the existing
:class:`_schema.Table`, and return the :class:`_schema.Table`
object as
originally created. This is to allow a function that wishes
to define a new :class:`_schema.Table` on first call, but on
subsequent calls will return the same :class:`_schema.Table`,
without any of the declarations (particularly constraints)
being applied a second time.
If :paramref:`_schema.Table.extend_existing` or
:paramref:`_schema.Table.keep_existing` are not set,
and the given name
of the new :class:`_schema.Table` refers to a :class:`_schema.Table`
that is
already present in the target :class:`_schema.MetaData` collection,
and
this :class:`_schema.Table`
specifies additional columns or other constructs
or flags that modify the table's state, an
error is raised. The purpose of these two mutually-exclusive flags
is to specify what action should be taken when a
:class:`_schema.Table`
is specified that matches an existing :class:`_schema.Table`,
yet specifies
additional constructs.
.. seealso::
:paramref:`_schema.Table.extend_existing`
:param listeners: A list of tuples of the form ``(<eventname>, <fn>)``
which will be passed to :func:`.event.listen` upon construction.
This alternate hook to :func:`.event.listen` allows the establishment
of a listener function specific to this :class:`_schema.Table` before
the "autoload" process begins. Particularly useful for
the :meth:`.DDLEvents.column_reflect` event::
def listen_for_reflect(table, column_info):
"handle the column reflection event"
# ...
t = Table(
'sometable',
autoload=True,
listeners=[
('column_reflect', listen_for_reflect)
])
:param mustexist: When ``True``, indicates that this Table must already
be present in the given :class:`_schema.MetaData` collection, else
an exception is raised.
:param prefixes:
A list of strings to insert after CREATE in the CREATE TABLE
statement. They will be separated by spaces.
:param quote: Force quoting of this table's name on or off, corresponding
to ``True`` or ``False``. When left at its default of ``None``,
the column identifier will be quoted according to whether the name is
case sensitive (identifiers with at least one upper case character are
treated as case sensitive), or if it's a reserved word. This flag
is only needed to force quoting of a reserved word which is not known
by the SQLAlchemy dialect.
:param quote_schema: same as 'quote' but applies to the schema identifier.
:param schema: The schema name for this table, which is required if
the table resides in a schema other than the default selected schema
for the engine's database connection. Defaults to ``None``.
If the owning :class:`_schema.MetaData` of this :class:`_schema.Table`
specifies its
own :paramref:`_schema.MetaData.schema` parameter,
then that schema name will
be applied to this :class:`_schema.Table`
if the schema parameter here is set
to ``None``. To set a blank schema name on a :class:`_schema.Table`
that
would otherwise use the schema set on the owning
:class:`_schema.MetaData`,
specify the special symbol :attr:`.BLANK_SCHEMA`.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.14 Added the :attr:`.BLANK_SCHEMA` symbol to
allow a :class:`_schema.Table`
to have a blank schema name even when the
parent :class:`_schema.MetaData` specifies
:paramref:`_schema.MetaData.schema`.
The quoting rules for the schema name are the same as those for the
``name`` parameter, in that quoting is applied for reserved words or
case-sensitive names; to enable unconditional quoting for the schema
name, specify the flag ``quote_schema=True`` to the constructor, or use
the :class:`.quoted_name` construct to specify the name.
:param useexisting: the same as :paramref:`_schema.Table.extend_existing`.
:param comment: Optional string that will render an SQL comment on table
creation.
.. versionadded:: 1.2 Added the :paramref:`_schema.Table.comment`
parameter
to :class:`_schema.Table`.
:param \**kw: Additional keyword arguments not mentioned above are
dialect specific, and passed in the form ``<dialectname>_<argname>``.
See the documentation regarding an individual dialect at
:ref:`dialect_toplevel` for detail on documented arguments.
"""
__visit_name__ = "table"
@util.deprecated_params(
useexisting=(
"0.7",
"The :paramref:`_schema.Table.useexisting` "
"parameter is deprecated and "
"will be removed in a future release. Please use "
":paramref:`_schema.Table.extend_existing`.",
)
)
def __new__(cls, *args, **kw):
if not args:
# python3k pickle seems to call this
return object.__new__(cls)
try:
name, metadata, args = args[0], args[1], args[2:]
except IndexError:
raise TypeError("Table() takes at least two arguments")
schema = kw.get("schema", None)
if schema is None:
schema = metadata.schema
elif schema is BLANK_SCHEMA:
schema = None
keep_existing = kw.pop("keep_existing", False)
extend_existing = kw.pop("extend_existing", False)
if "useexisting" in kw:
if extend_existing:
msg = "useexisting is synonymous with extend_existing."
raise exc.ArgumentError(msg)
extend_existing = kw.pop("useexisting", False)
if keep_existing and extend_existing:
msg = "keep_existing and extend_existing are mutually exclusive."
raise exc.ArgumentError(msg)
mustexist = kw.pop("mustexist", False)
key = _get_table_key(name, schema)
if key in metadata.tables:
if not keep_existing and not extend_existing and bool(args):
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"Table '%s' is already defined for this MetaData "
"instance. Specify 'extend_existing=True' "
"to redefine "
"options and columns on an "
"existing Table object." % key
)
table = metadata.tables[key]
if extend_existing:
table._init_existing(*args, **kw)
return table
else:
if mustexist:
raise exc.InvalidRequestError("Table '%s' not defined" % (key))
table = object.__new__(cls)
table.dispatch.before_parent_attach(table, metadata)
metadata._add_table(name, schema, table)
try:
table._init(name, metadata, *args, **kw)
table.dispatch.after_parent_attach(table, metadata)
return table
except:
with util.safe_reraise():
metadata._remove_table(name, schema)
@property
@util.deprecated(
"0.9",
"The :meth:`.SchemaItem.quote` method is deprecated and will be "
"removed in a future release. Use the :attr:`.quoted_name.quote` "
"attribute on the ``schema`` field of the target schema item to "
"retrieve quoted status.",
)
def quote_schema(self):
"""Return the value of the ``quote_schema`` flag passed
to this :class:`_schema.Table`.
"""
return self.schema.quote
def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
"""Constructor for :class:`_schema.Table`.
This method is a no-op. See the top-level
documentation for :class:`_schema.Table`
for constructor arguments.
"""
# __init__ is overridden to prevent __new__ from
# calling the superclass constructor.
def _init(self, name, metadata, *args, **kwargs):
super(Table, self).__init__(
quoted_name(name, kwargs.pop("quote", None))
)
self.metadata = metadata
self.schema = kwargs.pop("schema", None)
if self.schema is None:
self.schema = metadata.schema
elif self.schema is BLANK_SCHEMA:
self.schema = None
else:
quote_schema = kwargs.pop("quote_schema", None)
self.schema = quoted_name(self.schema, quote_schema)
self.indexes = set()
self.constraints = set()
self._columns = ColumnCollection()
PrimaryKeyConstraint(
_implicit_generated=True
)._set_parent_with_dispatch(self)
self.foreign_keys = set()
self._extra_dependencies = set()
if self.schema is not None:
self.fullname = "%s.%s" % (self.schema, self.name)
else:
self.fullname = self.name
autoload_with = kwargs.pop("autoload_with", None)
autoload = kwargs.pop("autoload", autoload_with is not None)
# this argument is only used with _init_existing()
kwargs.pop("autoload_replace", True)
_extend_on = kwargs.pop("_extend_on", None)
resolve_fks = kwargs.pop("resolve_fks", True)
include_columns = kwargs.pop("include_columns", None)
self.implicit_returning = kwargs.pop("implicit_returning", True)
self.comment = kwargs.pop("comment", None)
if "info" in kwargs:
self.info = kwargs.pop("info")
if "listeners" in kwargs:
listeners = kwargs.pop("listeners")
for evt, fn in listeners:
event.listen(self, evt, fn)
self._prefixes = kwargs.pop("prefixes", [])
self._extra_kwargs(**kwargs)
# load column definitions from the database if 'autoload' is defined
# we do it after the table is in the singleton dictionary to support
# circular foreign keys
if autoload:
self._autoload(
metadata,
autoload_with,
include_columns,
_extend_on=_extend_on,
resolve_fks=resolve_fks,
)
# initialize all the column, etc. objects. done after reflection to
# allow user-overrides
self._init_items(*args)
def _autoload(
self,
metadata,
autoload_with,
include_columns,
exclude_columns=(),
resolve_fks=True,
_extend_on=None,
):
if autoload_with:
autoload_with.run_callable(
autoload_with.dialect.reflecttable,
self,
include_columns,
exclude_columns,
resolve_fks,
_extend_on=_extend_on,
)
else:
bind = _bind_or_error(
metadata,
msg="No engine is bound to this Table's MetaData. "
"Pass an engine to the Table via "
"autoload_with=<someengine>, "
"or associate the MetaData with an engine via "
"metadata.bind=<someengine>",
)
bind.run_callable(
bind.dialect.reflecttable,
self,
include_columns,
exclude_columns,
resolve_fks,
_extend_on=_extend_on,
)
@property
def _sorted_constraints(self):
"""Return the set of constraints as a list, sorted by creation
order.
"""
return sorted(self.constraints, key=lambda c: c._creation_order)
@property
def foreign_key_constraints(self):
""":class:`_schema.ForeignKeyConstraint` objects referred to by this
:class:`_schema.Table`.
This list is produced from the collection of
:class:`_schema.ForeignKey`
objects currently associated.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.0
"""
return set(fkc.constraint for fkc in self.foreign_keys)
def _init_existing(self, *args, **kwargs):
autoload_with = kwargs.pop("autoload_with", None)
autoload = kwargs.pop("autoload", autoload_with is not None)
autoload_replace = kwargs.pop("autoload_replace", True)
schema = kwargs.pop("schema", None)
_extend_on = kwargs.pop("_extend_on", None)
if schema and schema != self.schema:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Can't change schema of existing table from '%s' to '%s'",
(self.schema, schema),
)
include_columns = kwargs.pop("include_columns", None)
resolve_fks = kwargs.pop("resolve_fks", True)
if include_columns is not None:
for c in self.c:
if c.name not in include_columns:
self._columns.remove(c)
for key in ("quote", "quote_schema"):
if key in kwargs:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Can't redefine 'quote' or 'quote_schema' arguments"
)
if "comment" in kwargs:
self.comment = kwargs.pop("comment", None)
if "info" in kwargs:
self.info = kwargs.pop("info")
if autoload:
if not autoload_replace:
# don't replace columns already present.
# we'd like to do this for constraints also however we don't
# have simple de-duping for unnamed constraints.
exclude_columns = [c.name for c in self.c]
else:
exclude_columns = ()
self._autoload(
self.metadata,
autoload_with,
include_columns,
exclude_columns,
resolve_fks,
_extend_on=_extend_on,
)
self._extra_kwargs(**kwargs)
self._init_items(*args)
def _extra_kwargs(self, **kwargs):
self._validate_dialect_kwargs(kwargs)
def _init_collections(self):
pass
def _reset_exported(self):
pass
@property
def _autoincrement_column(self):
return self.primary_key._autoincrement_column
@property
def key(self):
"""Return the 'key' for this :class:`_schema.Table`.
This value is used as the dictionary key within the
:attr:`_schema.MetaData.tables` collection. It is typically the same
as that of :attr:`_schema.Table.name` for a table with no
:attr:`_schema.Table.schema`
set; otherwise it is typically of the form
``schemaname.tablename``.
"""
return _get_table_key(self.name, self.schema)
def __repr__(self):
return "Table(%s)" % ", ".join(
[repr(self.name)]
+ [repr(self.metadata)]
+ [repr(x) for x in self.columns]
+ ["%s=%s" % (k, repr(getattr(self, k))) for k in ["schema"]]
)
def __str__(self):
return _get_table_key(self.description, self.schema)
@property
def bind(self):
"""Return the connectable associated with this Table."""
return self.metadata and self.metadata.bind or None
def add_is_dependent_on(self, table):
"""Add a 'dependency' for this Table.
This is another Table object which must be created
first before this one can, or dropped after this one.
Usually, dependencies between tables are determined via
ForeignKey objects. However, for other situations that
create dependencies outside of foreign keys (rules, inheriting),
this method can manually establish such a link.
"""
self._extra_dependencies.add(table)
def append_column(self, column):
"""Append a :class:`_schema.Column` to this :class:`_schema.Table`.
The "key" of the newly added :class:`_schema.Column`, i.e. the
value of its ``.key`` attribute, will then be available
in the ``.c`` collection of this :class:`_schema.Table`, and the
column definition will be included in any CREATE TABLE, SELECT,
UPDATE, etc. statements generated from this :class:`_schema.Table`
construct.
Note that this does **not** change the definition of the table
as it exists within any underlying database, assuming that
table has already been created in the database. Relational
databases support the addition of columns to existing tables
using the SQL ALTER command, which would need to be
emitted for an already-existing table that doesn't contain
the newly added column.
"""
column._set_parent_with_dispatch(self)
def append_constraint(self, constraint):
"""Append a :class:`_schema.Constraint` to this
:class:`_schema.Table`.
This has the effect of the constraint being included in any
future CREATE TABLE statement, assuming specific DDL creation
events have not been associated with the given
:class:`_schema.Constraint` object.
Note that this does **not** produce the constraint within the
relational database automatically, for a table that already exists
in the database. To add a constraint to an
existing relational database table, the SQL ALTER command must
be used. SQLAlchemy also provides the
:class:`.AddConstraint` construct which can produce this SQL when
invoked as an executable clause.
"""
constraint._set_parent_with_dispatch(self)
@util.deprecated(
"0.7",
"the :meth:`_schema.Table.append_ddl_listener` "
"method is deprecated and "
"will be removed in a future release. Please refer to "
":class:`.DDLEvents`.",
)
def append_ddl_listener(self, event_name, listener):
"""Append a DDL event listener to this ``Table``.
"""
def adapt_listener(target, connection, **kw):
listener(event_name, target, connection)
event.listen(self, "" + event_name.replace("-", "_"), adapt_listener)
def _set_parent(self, metadata):
metadata._add_table(self.name, self.schema, self)
self.metadata = metadata
def get_children(
self, column_collections=True, schema_visitor=False, **kw
):
if not schema_visitor:
return TableClause.get_children(
self, column_collections=column_collections, **kw
)
else:
if column_collections:
return list(self.columns)
else:
return []
def exists(self, bind=None):
"""Return True if this table exists."""
if bind is None:
bind = _bind_or_error(self)
return bind.run_callable(
bind.dialect.has_table, self.name, schema=self.schema
)
def create(self, bind=None, checkfirst=False):
"""Issue a ``CREATE`` statement for this
:class:`_schema.Table`, using the given :class:`.Connectable`
for connectivity.
.. seealso::
:meth:`_schema.MetaData.create_all`.
"""
if bind is None:
bind = _bind_or_error(self)
bind._run_visitor(ddl.SchemaGenerator, self, checkfirst=checkfirst)
def drop(self, bind=None, checkfirst=False):
"""Issue a ``DROP`` statement for this
:class:`_schema.Table`, using the given :class:`.Connectable`
for connectivity.
.. seealso::
:meth:`_schema.MetaData.drop_all`.
"""
if bind is None:
bind = _bind_or_error(self)
bind._run_visitor(ddl.SchemaDropper, self, checkfirst=checkfirst)
def tometadata(
self,
metadata,
schema=RETAIN_SCHEMA,
referred_schema_fn=None,
name=None,
):
"""Return a copy of this :class:`_schema.Table`
associated with a different
:class:`_schema.MetaData`.
E.g.::
m1 = MetaData()
user = Table('user', m1, Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True))
m2 = MetaData()
user_copy = user.tometadata(m2)
:param metadata: Target :class:`_schema.MetaData` object,
into which the
new :class:`_schema.Table` object will be created.
:param schema: optional string name indicating the target schema.
Defaults to the special symbol :attr:`.RETAIN_SCHEMA` which indicates
that no change to the schema name should be made in the new
:class:`_schema.Table`. If set to a string name, the new
:class:`_schema.Table`
will have this new name as the ``.schema``. If set to ``None``, the
schema will be set to that of the schema set on the target
:class:`_schema.MetaData`, which is typically ``None`` as well,
unless
set explicitly::
m2 = MetaData(schema='newschema')
# user_copy_one will have "newschema" as the schema name
user_copy_one = user.tometadata(m2, schema=None)
m3 = MetaData() # schema defaults to None
# user_copy_two will have None as the schema name
user_copy_two = user.tometadata(m3, schema=None)
:param referred_schema_fn: optional callable which can be supplied
in order to provide for the schema name that should be assigned
to the referenced table of a :class:`_schema.ForeignKeyConstraint`.
The callable accepts this parent :class:`_schema.Table`, the
target schema that we are changing to, the
:class:`_schema.ForeignKeyConstraint` object, and the existing
"target schema" of that constraint. The function should return the
string schema name that should be applied.
E.g.::
def referred_schema_fn(table, to_schema,
constraint, referred_schema):
if referred_schema == 'base_tables':
return referred_schema
else:
return to_schema
new_table = table.tometadata(m2, schema="alt_schema",
referred_schema_fn=referred_schema_fn)
.. versionadded:: 0.9.2
:param name: optional string name indicating the target table name.
If not specified or None, the table name is retained. This allows
a :class:`_schema.Table` to be copied to the same
:class:`_schema.MetaData` target
with a new name.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.0
"""
if name is None:
name = self.name
if schema is RETAIN_SCHEMA:
schema = self.schema
elif schema is None:
schema = metadata.schema
key = _get_table_key(name, schema)
if key in metadata.tables:
util.warn(
"Table '%s' already exists within the given "
"MetaData - not copying." % self.description
)
return metadata.tables[key]
args = []
for c in self.columns:
args.append(c.copy(schema=schema))
table = Table(
name,
metadata,
schema=schema,
comment=self.comment,
*args,
**self.kwargs
)
for c in self.constraints:
if isinstance(c, ForeignKeyConstraint):
referred_schema = c._referred_schema
if referred_schema_fn:
fk_constraint_schema = referred_schema_fn(
self, schema, c, referred_schema
)
else:
fk_constraint_schema = (
schema if referred_schema == self.schema else None
)
table.append_constraint(
c.copy(schema=fk_constraint_schema, target_table=table)
)
elif not c._type_bound:
# skip unique constraints that would be generated
# by the 'unique' flag on Column
if c._column_flag:
continue
table.append_constraint(
c.copy(schema=schema, target_table=table)
)
for index in self.indexes:
# skip indexes that would be generated
# by the 'index' flag on Column
if index._column_flag:
continue
Index(
index.name,
unique=index.unique,
*[
_copy_expression(expr, self, table)
for expr in index.expressions
],
_table=table,
**index.kwargs
)
return self._schema_item_copy(table)
class Column(DialectKWArgs, SchemaItem, ColumnClause):
"""Represents a column in a database table."""
__visit_name__ = "column"
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
r"""
Construct a new ``Column`` object.
:param name: The name of this column as represented in the database.
This argument may be the first positional argument, or specified
via keyword.
Names which contain no upper case characters
will be treated as case insensitive names, and will not be quoted
unless they are a reserved word. Names with any number of upper
case characters will be quoted and sent exactly. Note that this
behavior applies even for databases which standardize upper
case names as case insensitive such as Oracle.
The name field may be omitted at construction time and applied
later, at any time before the Column is associated with a
:class:`_schema.Table`. This is to support convenient
usage within the :mod:`~sqlalchemy.ext.declarative` extension.
:param type\_: The column's type, indicated using an instance which
subclasses :class:`~sqlalchemy.types.TypeEngine`. If no arguments
are required for the type, the class of the type can be sent
as well, e.g.::
# use a type with arguments
Column('data', String(50))
# use no arguments
Column('level', Integer)
The ``type`` argument may be the second positional argument
or specified by keyword.
If the ``type`` is ``None`` or is omitted, it will first default to
the special type :class:`.NullType`. If and when this
:class:`_schema.Column` is made to refer to another column using
:class:`_schema.ForeignKey` and/or
:class:`_schema.ForeignKeyConstraint`, the type
of the remote-referenced column will be copied to this column as
well, at the moment that the foreign key is resolved against that
remote :class:`_schema.Column` object.
.. versionchanged:: 0.9.0
Support for propagation of type to a :class:`_schema.Column`
from its
:class:`_schema.ForeignKey` object has been improved and should be
more reliable and timely.
:param \*args: Additional positional arguments include various
:class:`.SchemaItem` derived constructs which will be applied
as options to the column. These include instances of
:class:`.Constraint`, :class:`_schema.ForeignKey`,
:class:`.ColumnDefault`,
:class:`.Sequence`, :class:`.Computed`. In some cases an
equivalent keyword argument is available such as ``server_default``,
``default`` and ``unique``.
:param autoincrement: Set up "auto increment" semantics for an integer
primary key column. The default value is the string ``"auto"``
which indicates that a single-column primary key that is of
an INTEGER type with no stated client-side or python-side defaults
should receive auto increment semantics automatically;
all other varieties of primary key columns will not. This
includes that :term:`DDL` such as PostgreSQL SERIAL or MySQL
AUTO_INCREMENT will be emitted for this column during a table
create, as well as that the column is assumed to generate new
integer primary key values when an INSERT statement invokes which
will be retrieved by the dialect.
The flag may be set to ``True`` to indicate that a column which
is part of a composite (e.g. multi-column) primary key should
have autoincrement semantics, though note that only one column
within a primary key may have this setting. It can also
be set to ``True`` to indicate autoincrement semantics on a
column that has a client-side or server-side default configured,
however note that not all dialects can accommodate all styles
of default as an "autoincrement". It can also be
set to ``False`` on a single-column primary key that has a
datatype of INTEGER in order to disable auto increment semantics
for that column.
.. versionchanged:: 1.1 The autoincrement flag now defaults to
``"auto"`` which indicates autoincrement semantics by default
for single-column integer primary keys only; for composite
(multi-column) primary keys, autoincrement is never implicitly
enabled; as always, ``autoincrement=True`` will allow for
at most one of those columns to be an "autoincrement" column.
``autoincrement=True`` may also be set on a
:class:`_schema.Column`
that has an explicit client-side or server-side default,
subject to limitations of the backend database and dialect.
The setting *only* has an effect for columns which are:
* Integer derived (i.e. INT, SMALLINT, BIGINT).
* Part of the primary key
* Not referring to another column via :class:`_schema.ForeignKey`,
unless
the value is specified as ``'ignore_fk'``::
# turn on autoincrement for this column despite
# the ForeignKey()
Column('id', ForeignKey('other.id'),
primary_key=True, autoincrement='ignore_fk')
It is typically not desirable to have "autoincrement" enabled on a
column that refers to another via foreign key, as such a column is
required to refer to a value that originates from elsewhere.
The setting has these two effects on columns that meet the
above criteria:
* DDL issued for the column will include database-specific
keywords intended to signify this column as an
"autoincrement" column, such as AUTO INCREMENT on MySQL,
SERIAL on PostgreSQL, and IDENTITY on MS-SQL. It does
*not* issue AUTOINCREMENT for SQLite since this is a
special SQLite flag that is not required for autoincrementing
behavior.
.. seealso::
:ref:`sqlite_autoincrement`
* The column will be considered to be available using an
"autoincrement" method specific to the backend database, such
as calling upon ``cursor.lastrowid``, using RETURNING in an
INSERT statement to get at a sequence-generated value, or using
special functions such as "SELECT scope_identity()".
These methods are highly specific to the DBAPIs and databases in
use and vary greatly, so care should be taken when associating
``autoincrement=True`` with a custom default generation function.
:param default: A scalar, Python callable, or
:class:`_expression.ColumnElement` expression representing the
*default value* for this column, which will be invoked upon insert
if this column is otherwise not specified in the VALUES clause of
the insert. This is a shortcut to using :class:`.ColumnDefault` as
a positional argument; see that class for full detail on the
structure of the argument.
Contrast this argument to
:paramref:`_schema.Column.server_default`
which creates a default generator on the database side.
.. seealso::
:ref:`metadata_defaults_toplevel`
:param doc: optional String that can be used by the ORM or similar
to document attributes on the Python side. This attribute does
**not** render SQL comments; use the
:paramref:`_schema.Column.comment`
parameter for this purpose.
:param key: An optional string identifier which will identify this
``Column`` object on the :class:`_schema.Table`.
When a key is provided,
this is the only identifier referencing the ``Column`` within the
application, including ORM attribute mapping; the ``name`` field
is used only when rendering SQL.
:param index: When ``True``, indicates that the column is indexed.
This is a shortcut for using a :class:`.Index` construct on the
table. To specify indexes with explicit names or indexes that
contain multiple columns, use the :class:`.Index` construct
instead.
:param info: Optional data dictionary which will be populated into the
:attr:`.SchemaItem.info` attribute of this object.
:param nullable: When set to ``False``, will cause the "NOT NULL"
phrase to be added when generating DDL for the column. When
``True``, will normally generate nothing (in SQL this defaults to
"NULL"), except in some very specific backend-specific edge cases
where "NULL" may render explicitly. Defaults to ``True`` unless
:paramref:`_schema.Column.primary_key` is also ``True``,
in which case it
defaults to ``False``. This parameter is only used when issuing
CREATE TABLE statements.
:param onupdate: A scalar, Python callable, or
:class:`~sqlalchemy.sql.expression.ClauseElement` representing a
default value to be applied to the column within UPDATE
statements, which will be invoked upon update if this column is not
present in the SET clause of the update. This is a shortcut to
using :class:`.ColumnDefault` as a positional argument with
``for_update=True``.
.. seealso::
:ref:`metadata_defaults` - complete discussion of onupdate
:param primary_key: If ``True``, marks this column as a primary key
column. Multiple columns can have this flag set to specify
composite primary keys. As an alternative, the primary key of a
:class:`_schema.Table` can be specified via an explicit
:class:`.PrimaryKeyConstraint` object.
:param server_default: A :class:`.FetchedValue` instance, str, Unicode
or :func:`~sqlalchemy.sql.expression.text` construct representing
the DDL DEFAULT value for the column.
String types will be emitted as-is, surrounded by single quotes::
Column('x', Text, server_default="val")
x TEXT DEFAULT 'val'
A :func:`~sqlalchemy.sql.expression.text` expression will be
rendered as-is, without quotes::
Column('y', DateTime, server_default=text('NOW()'))
y DATETIME DEFAULT NOW()
Strings and text() will be converted into a
:class:`.DefaultClause` object upon initialization.
Use :class:`.FetchedValue` to indicate that an already-existing
column will generate a default value on the database side which
will be available to SQLAlchemy for post-fetch after inserts. This
construct does not specify any DDL and the implementation is left
to the database, such as via a trigger.
.. seealso::
:ref:`server_defaults` - complete discussion of server side
defaults
:param server_onupdate: A :class:`.FetchedValue` instance
representing a database-side default generation function,
such as a trigger. This
indicates to SQLAlchemy that a newly generated value will be
available after updates. This construct does not actually
implement any kind of generation function within the database,
which instead must be specified separately.
.. seealso::
:ref:`triggered_columns`
:param quote: Force quoting of this column's name on or off,
corresponding to ``True`` or ``False``. When left at its default
of ``None``, the column identifier will be quoted according to
whether the name is case sensitive (identifiers with at least one
upper case character are treated as case sensitive), or if it's a
reserved word. This flag is only needed to force quoting of a
reserved word which is not known by the SQLAlchemy dialect.
:param unique: When ``True``, indicates that this column contains a
unique constraint, or if ``index`` is ``True`` as well, indicates
that the :class:`.Index` should be created with the unique flag.
To specify multiple columns in the constraint/index or to specify
an explicit name, use the :class:`.UniqueConstraint` or
:class:`.Index` constructs explicitly.
:param system: When ``True``, indicates this is a "system" column,
that is a column which is automatically made available by the
database, and should not be included in the columns list for a
``CREATE TABLE`` statement.
For more elaborate scenarios where columns should be
conditionally rendered differently on different backends,
consider custom compilation rules for :class:`.CreateColumn`.
:param comment: Optional string that will render an SQL comment on
table creation.
.. versionadded:: 1.2 Added the
:paramref:`_schema.Column.comment`
parameter to :class:`_schema.Column`.
"""
name = kwargs.pop("name", None)
type_ = kwargs.pop("type_", None)
args = list(args)
if args:
if isinstance(args[0], util.string_types):
if name is not None:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"May not pass name positionally and as a keyword."
)
name = args.pop(0)
if args:
coltype = args[0]
if hasattr(coltype, "_sqla_type"):
if type_ is not None:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"May not pass type_ positionally and as a keyword."
)
type_ = args.pop(0)
if name is not None:
name = quoted_name(name, kwargs.pop("quote", None))
elif "quote" in kwargs:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Explicit 'name' is required when " "sending 'quote' argument"
)
super(Column, self).__init__(name, type_)
self.key = kwargs.pop("key", name)
self.primary_key = kwargs.pop("primary_key", False)
self.nullable = kwargs.pop("nullable", not self.primary_key)
self.default = kwargs.pop("default", None)
self.server_default = kwargs.pop("server_default", None)
self.server_onupdate = kwargs.pop("server_onupdate", None)
# these default to None because .index and .unique is *not*
# an informational flag about Column - there can still be an
# Index or UniqueConstraint referring to this Column.
self.index = kwargs.pop("index", None)
self.unique = kwargs.pop("unique", None)
self.system = kwargs.pop("system", False)
self.doc = kwargs.pop("doc", None)
self.onupdate = kwargs.pop("onupdate", None)
self.autoincrement = kwargs.pop("autoincrement", "auto")
self.constraints = set()
self.foreign_keys = set()
self.comment = kwargs.pop("comment", None)
self.computed = None
# check if this Column is proxying another column
if "_proxies" in kwargs:
self._proxies = kwargs.pop("_proxies")
# otherwise, add DDL-related events
elif isinstance(self.type, SchemaEventTarget):
self.type._set_parent_with_dispatch(self)
if self.default is not None:
if isinstance(self.default, (ColumnDefault, Sequence)):
args.append(self.default)
else:
if getattr(self.type, "_warn_on_bytestring", False):
if isinstance(self.default, util.binary_type):
util.warn(
"Unicode column '%s' has non-unicode "
"default value %r specified."
% (self.key, self.default)
)
args.append(ColumnDefault(self.default))
if self.server_default is not None:
if isinstance(self.server_default, FetchedValue):
args.append(self.server_default._as_for_update(False))
else:
args.append(DefaultClause(self.server_default))
if self.onupdate is not None:
if isinstance(self.onupdate, (ColumnDefault, Sequence)):
args.append(self.onupdate)
else:
args.append(ColumnDefault(self.onupdate, for_update=True))
if self.server_onupdate is not None:
if isinstance(self.server_onupdate, FetchedValue):
args.append(self.server_onupdate._as_for_update(True))
else:
args.append(
DefaultClause(self.server_onupdate, for_update=True)
)
self._init_items(*args)
util.set_creation_order(self)
if "info" in kwargs:
self.info = kwargs.pop("info")
self._extra_kwargs(**kwargs)
def _extra_kwargs(self, **kwargs):
self._validate_dialect_kwargs(kwargs)
# @property
# def quote(self):
# return getattr(self.name, "quote", None)
def __str__(self):
if self.name is None:
return "(no name)"
elif self.table is not None:
if self.table.named_with_column:
return self.table.description + "." + self.description
else:
return self.description
else:
return self.description
def references(self, column):
"""Return True if this Column references the given column via foreign
key."""
for fk in self.foreign_keys:
if fk.column.proxy_set.intersection(column.proxy_set):
return True
else:
return False
def append_foreign_key(self, fk):
fk._set_parent_with_dispatch(self)
def __repr__(self):
kwarg = []
if self.key != self.name:
kwarg.append("key")
if self.primary_key:
kwarg.append("primary_key")
if not self.nullable:
kwarg.append("nullable")
if self.onupdate:
kwarg.append("onupdate")
if self.default:
kwarg.append("default")
if self.server_default:
kwarg.append("server_default")
if self.comment:
kwarg.append("comment")
return "Column(%s)" % ", ".join(
[repr(self.name)]
+ [repr(self.type)]
+ [repr(x) for x in self.foreign_keys if x is not None]
+ [repr(x) for x in self.constraints]
+ [
(
self.table is not None
and "table=<%s>" % self.table.description
or "table=None"
)
]
+ ["%s=%s" % (k, repr(getattr(self, k))) for k in kwarg]
)
def _set_parent(self, table):
if not self.name:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Column must be constructed with a non-blank name or "
"assign a non-blank .name before adding to a Table."
)
if self.key is None:
self.key = self.name
existing = getattr(self, "table", None)
if existing is not None and existing is not table:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Column object '%s' already assigned to Table '%s'"
% (self.key, existing.description)
)
if self.key in table._columns:
col = table._columns.get(self.key)
if col is not self:
for fk in col.foreign_keys:
table.foreign_keys.remove(fk)
if fk.constraint in table.constraints:
# this might have been removed
# already, if it's a composite constraint
# and more than one col being replaced
table.constraints.remove(fk.constraint)
table._columns.replace(self)
if self.primary_key:
table.primary_key._replace(self)
elif self.key in table.primary_key:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Trying to redefine primary-key column '%s' as a "
"non-primary-key column on table '%s'"
% (self.key, table.fullname)
)
self.table = table
if self.index:
if isinstance(self.index, util.string_types):
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"The 'index' keyword argument on Column is boolean only. "
"To create indexes with a specific name, create an "
"explicit Index object external to the Table."
)
table.append_constraint(
Index(
None, self.key, unique=bool(self.unique), _column_flag=True
)
)
elif self.unique:
if isinstance(self.unique, util.string_types):
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"The 'unique' keyword argument on Column is boolean "
"only. To create unique constraints or indexes with a "
"specific name, append an explicit UniqueConstraint to "
"the Table's list of elements, or create an explicit "
"Index object external to the Table."
)
table.append_constraint(
UniqueConstraint(self.key, _column_flag=True)
)
self._setup_on_memoized_fks(lambda fk: fk._set_remote_table(table))
def _setup_on_memoized_fks(self, fn):
fk_keys = [
((self.table.key, self.key), False),
((self.table.key, self.name), True),
]
for fk_key, link_to_name in fk_keys:
if fk_key in self.table.metadata._fk_memos:
for fk in self.table.metadata._fk_memos[fk_key]:
if fk.link_to_name is link_to_name:
fn(fk)
def _on_table_attach(self, fn):
if self.table is not None:
fn(self, self.table)
else:
event.listen(self, "after_parent_attach", fn)
def copy(self, **kw):
"""Create a copy of this ``Column``, uninitialized.
This is used in ``Table.tometadata``.
"""
# Constraint objects plus non-constraint-bound ForeignKey objects
args = [
c.copy(**kw) for c in self.constraints if not c._type_bound
] + [c.copy(**kw) for c in self.foreign_keys if not c.constraint]
# ticket #5276
column_kwargs = {}
for dialect_name in self.dialect_options:
dialect_options = self.dialect_options[dialect_name]._non_defaults
for (
dialect_option_key,
dialect_option_value,
) in dialect_options.items():
column_kwargs[
dialect_name + "_" + dialect_option_key
] = dialect_option_value
server_default = self.server_default
server_onupdate = self.server_onupdate
if isinstance(server_default, Computed):
server_default = server_onupdate = None
args.append(self.server_default.copy(**kw))
type_ = self.type
if isinstance(type_, SchemaEventTarget):
type_ = type_.copy(**kw)
c = self._constructor(
name=self.name,
type_=type_,
key=self.key,
primary_key=self.primary_key,
nullable=self.nullable,
unique=self.unique,
system=self.system,
# quote=self.quote, # disabled 2013-08-27 (commit 031ef080)
index=self.index,
autoincrement=self.autoincrement,
default=self.default,
server_default=server_default,
onupdate=self.onupdate,
server_onupdate=server_onupdate,
doc=self.doc,
comment=self.comment,
*args,
**column_kwargs
)
return self._schema_item_copy(c)
def _make_proxy(
self, selectable, name=None, key=None, name_is_truncatable=False, **kw
):
"""Create a *proxy* for this column.
This is a copy of this ``Column`` referenced by a different parent
(such as an alias or select statement). The column should
be used only in select scenarios, as its full DDL/default
information is not transferred.
"""
fk = [
ForeignKey(f.column, _constraint=f.constraint)
for f in self.foreign_keys
]
if name is None and self.name is None:
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"Cannot initialize a sub-selectable"
" with this Column object until its 'name' has "
"been assigned."
)
try:
c = self._constructor(
_as_truncated(name or self.name)
if name_is_truncatable
else (name or self.name),
self.type,
key=key if key else name if name else self.key,
primary_key=self.primary_key,
nullable=self.nullable,
_proxies=[self],
*fk
)
except TypeError as err:
util.raise_(
TypeError(
"Could not create a copy of this %r object. "
"Ensure the class includes a _constructor() "
"attribute or method which accepts the "
"standard Column constructor arguments, or "
"references the Column class itself." % self.__class__
),
from_=err,
)
c.table = selectable
selectable._columns.add(c)
if selectable._is_clone_of is not None:
c._is_clone_of = selectable._is_clone_of.columns.get(c.key)
if self.primary_key:
selectable.primary_key.add(c)
c.dispatch.after_parent_attach(c, selectable)
return c
def get_children(self, schema_visitor=False, **kwargs):
if schema_visitor:
return (
[x for x in (self.default, self.onupdate) if x is not None]
+ list(self.foreign_keys)
+ list(self.constraints)
)
else:
return ColumnClause.get_children(self, **kwargs)
class ForeignKey(DialectKWArgs, SchemaItem):
"""Defines a dependency between two columns.
``ForeignKey`` is specified as an argument to a :class:`_schema.Column`
object,
e.g.::
t = Table("remote_table", metadata,
Column("remote_id", ForeignKey("main_table.id"))
)
Note that ``ForeignKey`` is only a marker object that defines
a dependency between two columns. The actual constraint
is in all cases represented by the :class:`_schema.ForeignKeyConstraint`
object. This object will be generated automatically when
a ``ForeignKey`` is associated with a :class:`_schema.Column` which
in turn is associated with a :class:`_schema.Table`. Conversely,
when :class:`_schema.ForeignKeyConstraint` is applied to a
:class:`_schema.Table`,
``ForeignKey`` markers are automatically generated to be
present on each associated :class:`_schema.Column`, which are also
associated with the constraint object.
Note that you cannot define a "composite" foreign key constraint,
that is a constraint between a grouping of multiple parent/child
columns, using ``ForeignKey`` objects. To define this grouping,
the :class:`_schema.ForeignKeyConstraint` object must be used, and applied
to the :class:`_schema.Table`. The associated ``ForeignKey`` objects
are created automatically.
The ``ForeignKey`` objects associated with an individual
:class:`_schema.Column`
object are available in the `foreign_keys` collection
of that column.
Further examples of foreign key configuration are in
:ref:`metadata_foreignkeys`.
"""
__visit_name__ = "foreign_key"
def __init__(
self,
column,
_constraint=None,
use_alter=False,
name=None,
onupdate=None,
ondelete=None,
deferrable=None,
initially=None,
link_to_name=False,
match=None,
info=None,
**dialect_kw
):
r"""
Construct a column-level FOREIGN KEY.
The :class:`_schema.ForeignKey` object when constructed generates a
:class:`_schema.ForeignKeyConstraint`
which is associated with the parent
:class:`_schema.Table` object's collection of constraints.
:param column: A single target column for the key relationship. A
:class:`_schema.Column` object or a column name as a string:
``tablename.columnkey`` or ``schema.tablename.columnkey``.
``columnkey`` is the ``key`` which has been assigned to the column
(defaults to the column name itself), unless ``link_to_name`` is
``True`` in which case the rendered name of the column is used.
:param name: Optional string. An in-database name for the key if
`constraint` is not provided.
:param onupdate: Optional string. If set, emit ON UPDATE <value> when
issuing DDL for this constraint. Typical values include CASCADE,
DELETE and RESTRICT.
:param ondelete: Optional string. If set, emit ON DELETE <value> when
issuing DDL for this constraint. Typical values include CASCADE,
DELETE and RESTRICT.
:param deferrable: Optional bool. If set, emit DEFERRABLE or NOT
DEFERRABLE when issuing DDL for this constraint.
:param initially: Optional string. If set, emit INITIALLY <value> when
issuing DDL for this constraint.
:param link_to_name: if True, the string name given in ``column`` is
the rendered name of the referenced column, not its locally
assigned ``key``.
:param use_alter: passed to the underlying
:class:`_schema.ForeignKeyConstraint`
to indicate the constraint should
be generated/dropped externally from the CREATE TABLE/ DROP TABLE
statement. See :paramref:`_schema.ForeignKeyConstraint.use_alter`
for further description.
.. seealso::
:paramref:`_schema.ForeignKeyConstraint.use_alter`
:ref:`use_alter`
:param match: Optional string. If set, emit MATCH <value> when issuing
DDL for this constraint. Typical values include SIMPLE, PARTIAL
and FULL.
:param info: Optional data dictionary which will be populated into the
:attr:`.SchemaItem.info` attribute of this object.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.0
:param \**dialect_kw: Additional keyword arguments are dialect
specific, and passed in the form ``<dialectname>_<argname>``. The
arguments are ultimately handled by a corresponding
:class:`_schema.ForeignKeyConstraint`.
See the documentation regarding
an individual dialect at :ref:`dialect_toplevel` for detail on
documented arguments.
.. versionadded:: 0.9.2
"""
self._colspec = column
if isinstance(self._colspec, util.string_types):
self._table_column = None
else:
if hasattr(self._colspec, "__clause_element__"):
self._table_column = self._colspec.__clause_element__()
else:
self._table_column = self._colspec
if not isinstance(self._table_column, ColumnClause):
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"String, Column, or Column-bound argument "
"expected, got %r" % self._table_column
)
elif not isinstance(
self._table_column.table, (util.NoneType, TableClause)
):
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"ForeignKey received Column not bound "
"to a Table, got: %r" % self._table_column.table
)
# the linked ForeignKeyConstraint.
# ForeignKey will create this when parent Column
# is attached to a Table, *or* ForeignKeyConstraint
# object passes itself in when creating ForeignKey
# markers.
self.constraint = _constraint
self.parent = None
self.use_alter = use_alter
self.name = name
self.onupdate = onupdate
self.ondelete = ondelete
self.deferrable = deferrable
self.initially = initially
self.link_to_name = link_to_name
self.match = match
if info:
self.info = info
self._unvalidated_dialect_kw = dialect_kw
def __repr__(self):
return "ForeignKey(%r)" % self._get_colspec()
def copy(self, schema=None):
"""Produce a copy of this :class:`_schema.ForeignKey` object.
The new :class:`_schema.ForeignKey` will not be bound
to any :class:`_schema.Column`.
This method is usually used by the internal
copy procedures of :class:`_schema.Column`, :class:`_schema.Table`,
and :class:`_schema.MetaData`.
:param schema: The returned :class:`_schema.ForeignKey` will
reference the original table and column name, qualified
by the given string schema name.
"""
fk = ForeignKey(
self._get_colspec(schema=schema),
use_alter=self.use_alter,
name=self.name,
onupdate=self.onupdate,
ondelete=self.ondelete,
deferrable=self.deferrable,
initially=self.initially,
link_to_name=self.link_to_name,
match=self.match,
**self._unvalidated_dialect_kw
)
return self._schema_item_copy(fk)
def _get_colspec(self, schema=None, table_name=None):
"""Return a string based 'column specification' for this
:class:`_schema.ForeignKey`.
This is usually the equivalent of the string-based "tablename.colname"
argument first passed to the object's constructor.
"""
if schema:
_schema, tname, colname = self._column_tokens
if table_name is not None:
tname = table_name
return "%s.%s.%s" % (schema, tname, colname)
elif table_name:
schema, tname, colname = self._column_tokens
if schema:
return "%s.%s.%s" % (schema, table_name, colname)
else:
return "%s.%s" % (table_name, colname)
elif self._table_column is not None:
return "%s.%s" % (
self._table_column.table.fullname,
self._table_column.key,
)
else:
return self._colspec
@property
def _referred_schema(self):
return self._column_tokens[0]
def _table_key(self):
if self._table_column is not None:
if self._table_column.table is None:
return None
else:
return self._table_column.table.key
else:
schema, tname, colname = self._column_tokens
return _get_table_key(tname, schema)
target_fullname = property(_get_colspec)
def references(self, table):
"""Return True if the given :class:`_schema.Table`
is referenced by this
:class:`_schema.ForeignKey`."""
return table.corresponding_column(self.column) is not None
def get_referent(self, table):
"""Return the :class:`_schema.Column` in the given
:class:`_schema.Table`
referenced by this :class:`_schema.ForeignKey`.
Returns None if this :class:`_schema.ForeignKey`
does not reference the given
:class:`_schema.Table`.
"""
return table.corresponding_column(self.column)
@util.memoized_property
def _column_tokens(self):
"""parse a string-based _colspec into its component parts."""
m = self._get_colspec().split(".")
if m is None:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Invalid foreign key column specification: %s" % self._colspec
)
if len(m) == 1:
tname = m.pop()
colname = None
else:
colname = m.pop()
tname = m.pop()
# A FK between column 'bar' and table 'foo' can be
# specified as 'foo', 'foo.bar', 'dbo.foo.bar',
# 'otherdb.dbo.foo.bar'. Once we have the column name and
# the table name, treat everything else as the schema
# name. Some databases (e.g. Sybase) support
# inter-database foreign keys. See tickets#1341 and --
# indirectly related -- Ticket #594. This assumes that '.'
# will never appear *within* any component of the FK.
if len(m) > 0:
schema = ".".join(m)
else:
schema = None
return schema, tname, colname
def _resolve_col_tokens(self):
if self.parent is None:
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"this ForeignKey object does not yet have a "
"parent Column associated with it."
)
elif self.parent.table is None:
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"this ForeignKey's parent column is not yet associated "
"with a Table."
)
parenttable = self.parent.table
# assertion
# basically Column._make_proxy() sends the actual
# target Column to the ForeignKey object, so the
# string resolution here is never called.
for c in self.parent.base_columns:
if isinstance(c, Column):
assert c.table is parenttable
break
else:
assert False
######################
schema, tname, colname = self._column_tokens
if schema is None and parenttable.metadata.schema is not None:
schema = parenttable.metadata.schema
tablekey = _get_table_key(tname, schema)
return parenttable, tablekey, colname
def _link_to_col_by_colstring(self, parenttable, table, colname):
if not hasattr(self.constraint, "_referred_table"):
self.constraint._referred_table = table
else:
assert self.constraint._referred_table is table
_column = None
if colname is None:
# colname is None in the case that ForeignKey argument
# was specified as table name only, in which case we
# match the column name to the same column on the
# parent.
key = self.parent
_column = table.c.get(self.parent.key, None)
elif self.link_to_name:
key = colname
for c in table.c:
if c.name == colname:
_column = c
else:
key = colname
_column = table.c.get(colname, None)
if _column is None:
raise exc.NoReferencedColumnError(
"Could not initialize target column "
"for ForeignKey '%s' on table '%s': "
"table '%s' has no column named '%s'"
% (self._colspec, parenttable.name, table.name, key),
table.name,
key,
)
self._set_target_column(_column)
def _set_target_column(self, column):
# propagate TypeEngine to parent if it didn't have one
if self.parent.type._isnull:
self.parent.type = column.type
# super-edgy case, if other FKs point to our column,
# they'd get the type propagated out also.
if isinstance(self.parent.table, Table):
def set_type(fk):
if fk.parent.type._isnull:
fk.parent.type = column.type
self.parent._setup_on_memoized_fks(set_type)
self.column = column
@util.memoized_property
def column(self):
"""Return the target :class:`_schema.Column` referenced by this
:class:`_schema.ForeignKey`.
If no target column has been established, an exception
is raised.
.. versionchanged:: 0.9.0
Foreign key target column resolution now occurs as soon as both
the ForeignKey object and the remote Column to which it refers
are both associated with the same MetaData object.
"""
if isinstance(self._colspec, util.string_types):
parenttable, tablekey, colname = self._resolve_col_tokens()
if tablekey not in parenttable.metadata:
raise exc.NoReferencedTableError(
"Foreign key associated with column '%s' could not find "
"table '%s' with which to generate a "
"foreign key to target column '%s'"
% (self.parent, tablekey, colname),
tablekey,
)
elif parenttable.key not in parenttable.metadata:
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"Table %s is no longer associated with its "
"parent MetaData" % parenttable
)
else:
raise exc.NoReferencedColumnError(
"Could not initialize target column for "
"ForeignKey '%s' on table '%s': "
"table '%s' has no column named '%s'"
% (self._colspec, parenttable.name, tablekey, colname),
tablekey,
colname,
)
elif hasattr(self._colspec, "__clause_element__"):
_column = self._colspec.__clause_element__()
return _column
else:
_column = self._colspec
return _column
def _set_parent(self, column):
if self.parent is not None and self.parent is not column:
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"This ForeignKey already has a parent !"
)
self.parent = column
self.parent.foreign_keys.add(self)
self.parent._on_table_attach(self._set_table)
def _set_remote_table(self, table):
parenttable, tablekey, colname = self._resolve_col_tokens()
self._link_to_col_by_colstring(parenttable, table, colname)
self.constraint._validate_dest_table(table)
def _remove_from_metadata(self, metadata):
parenttable, table_key, colname = self._resolve_col_tokens()
fk_key = (table_key, colname)
if self in metadata._fk_memos[fk_key]:
# TODO: no test coverage for self not in memos
metadata._fk_memos[fk_key].remove(self)
def _set_table(self, column, table):
# standalone ForeignKey - create ForeignKeyConstraint
# on the hosting Table when attached to the Table.
if self.constraint is None and isinstance(table, Table):
self.constraint = ForeignKeyConstraint(
[],
[],
use_alter=self.use_alter,
name=self.name,
onupdate=self.onupdate,
ondelete=self.ondelete,
deferrable=self.deferrable,
initially=self.initially,
match=self.match,
**self._unvalidated_dialect_kw
)
self.constraint._append_element(column, self)
self.constraint._set_parent_with_dispatch(table)
table.foreign_keys.add(self)
# set up remote ".column" attribute, or a note to pick it
# up when the other Table/Column shows up
if isinstance(self._colspec, util.string_types):
parenttable, table_key, colname = self._resolve_col_tokens()
fk_key = (table_key, colname)
if table_key in parenttable.metadata.tables:
table = parenttable.metadata.tables[table_key]
try:
self._link_to_col_by_colstring(parenttable, table, colname)
except exc.NoReferencedColumnError:
# this is OK, we'll try later
pass
parenttable.metadata._fk_memos[fk_key].append(self)
elif hasattr(self._colspec, "__clause_element__"):
_column = self._colspec.__clause_element__()
self._set_target_column(_column)
else:
_column = self._colspec
self._set_target_column(_column)
class _NotAColumnExpr(object):
def _not_a_column_expr(self):
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"This %s cannot be used directly "
"as a column expression." % self.__class__.__name__
)
__clause_element__ = self_group = lambda self: self._not_a_column_expr()
_from_objects = property(lambda self: self._not_a_column_expr())
class DefaultGenerator(_NotAColumnExpr, SchemaItem):
"""Base class for column *default* values."""
__visit_name__ = "default_generator"
is_sequence = False
is_server_default = False
column = None
def __init__(self, for_update=False):
self.for_update = for_update
def _set_parent(self, column):
self.column = column
if self.for_update:
self.column.onupdate = self
else:
self.column.default = self
def execute(self, bind=None, **kwargs):
if bind is None:
bind = _bind_or_error(self)
return bind.execute(self, **kwargs)
def _execute_on_connection(self, connection, multiparams, params):
return connection._execute_default(self, multiparams, params)
@property
def bind(self):
"""Return the connectable associated with this default."""
if getattr(self, "column", None) is not None:
return self.column.table.bind
else:
return None
class ColumnDefault(DefaultGenerator):
"""A plain default value on a column.
This could correspond to a constant, a callable function,
or a SQL clause.
:class:`.ColumnDefault` is generated automatically
whenever the ``default``, ``onupdate`` arguments of
:class:`_schema.Column` are used. A :class:`.ColumnDefault`
can be passed positionally as well.
For example, the following::
Column('foo', Integer, default=50)
Is equivalent to::
Column('foo', Integer, ColumnDefault(50))
"""
def __init__(self, arg, **kwargs):
""""Construct a new :class:`.ColumnDefault`.
:param arg: argument representing the default value.
May be one of the following:
* a plain non-callable Python value, such as a
string, integer, boolean, or other simple type.
The default value will be used as is each time.
* a SQL expression, that is one which derives from
:class:`_expression.ColumnElement`. The SQL expression will
be rendered into the INSERT or UPDATE statement,
or in the case of a primary key column when
RETURNING is not used may be
pre-executed before an INSERT within a SELECT.
* A Python callable. The function will be invoked for each
new row subject to an INSERT or UPDATE.
The callable must accept exactly
zero or one positional arguments. The one-argument form
will receive an instance of the :class:`.ExecutionContext`,
which provides contextual information as to the current
:class:`_engine.Connection` in use as well as the current
statement and parameters.
"""
super(ColumnDefault, self).__init__(**kwargs)
if isinstance(arg, FetchedValue):
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"ColumnDefault may not be a server-side default type."
)
if util.callable(arg):
arg = self._maybe_wrap_callable(arg)
self.arg = arg
@util.memoized_property
def is_callable(self):
return util.callable(self.arg)
@util.memoized_property
def is_clause_element(self):
return isinstance(self.arg, ClauseElement)
@util.memoized_property
def is_scalar(self):
return (
not self.is_callable
and not self.is_clause_element
and not self.is_sequence
)
@util.memoized_property
@util.dependencies("sqlalchemy.sql.sqltypes")
def _arg_is_typed(self, sqltypes):
if self.is_clause_element:
return not isinstance(self.arg.type, sqltypes.NullType)
else:
return False
def _maybe_wrap_callable(self, fn):
"""Wrap callables that don't accept a context.
This is to allow easy compatibility with default callables
that aren't specific to accepting of a context.
"""
try:
argspec = util.get_callable_argspec(fn, no_self=True)
except TypeError:
return util.wrap_callable(lambda ctx: fn(), fn)
defaulted = argspec[3] is not None and len(argspec[3]) or 0
positionals = len(argspec[0]) - defaulted
if positionals == 0:
return util.wrap_callable(lambda ctx: fn(), fn)
elif positionals == 1:
return fn
else:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"ColumnDefault Python function takes zero or one "
"positional arguments"
)
def _visit_name(self):
if self.for_update:
return "column_onupdate"
else:
return "column_default"
__visit_name__ = property(_visit_name)
def __repr__(self):
return "ColumnDefault(%r)" % (self.arg,)
class IdentityOptions(object):
"""Defines options for a named database sequence or an identity column.
.. versionadded:: 1.3.18
.. seealso::
:class:`.Sequence`
"""
def __init__(
self,
start=None,
increment=None,
minvalue=None,
maxvalue=None,
nominvalue=None,
nomaxvalue=None,
cycle=None,
cache=None,
order=None,
):
"""Construct a :class:`.IdentityOptions` object.
See the :class:`.Sequence` documentation for a complete description
of the parameters
:param start: the starting index of the sequence.
:param increment: the increment value of the sequence.
:param minvalue: the minimum value of the sequence.
:param maxvalue: the maximum value of the sequence.
:param nominvalue: no minimum value of the sequence.
:param nomaxvalue: no maximum value of the sequence.
:param cycle: allows the sequence to wrap around when the maxvalue
or minvalue has been reached.
:param cache: optional integer value; number of future values in the
sequence which are calculated in advance.
:param order: optional boolean value; if true, renders the
ORDER keyword.
name.
"""
self.start = start
self.increment = increment
self.minvalue = minvalue
self.maxvalue = maxvalue
self.nominvalue = nominvalue
self.nomaxvalue = nomaxvalue
self.cycle = cycle
self.cache = cache
self.order = order
class Sequence(IdentityOptions, DefaultGenerator):
"""Represents a named database sequence.
The :class:`.Sequence` object represents the name and configurational
parameters of a database sequence. It also represents
a construct that can be "executed" by a SQLAlchemy :class:`_engine.Engine`
or :class:`_engine.Connection`,
rendering the appropriate "next value" function
for the target database and returning a result.
The :class:`.Sequence` is typically associated with a primary key column::
some_table = Table(
'some_table', metadata,
Column('id', Integer, Sequence('some_table_seq'),
primary_key=True)
)
When CREATE TABLE is emitted for the above :class:`_schema.Table`, if the
target platform supports sequences, a CREATE SEQUENCE statement will
be emitted as well. For platforms that don't support sequences,
the :class:`.Sequence` construct is ignored.
.. seealso::
:class:`.CreateSequence`
:class:`.DropSequence`
"""
__visit_name__ = "sequence"
is_sequence = True
def __init__(
self,
name,
start=None,
increment=None,
minvalue=None,
maxvalue=None,
nominvalue=None,
nomaxvalue=None,
cycle=None,
schema=None,
cache=None,
order=None,
optional=False,
quote=None,
metadata=None,
quote_schema=None,
for_update=False,
):
"""Construct a :class:`.Sequence` object.
:param name: the name of the sequence.
:param start: the starting index of the sequence. This value is
used when the CREATE SEQUENCE command is emitted to the database
as the value of the "START WITH" clause. If ``None``, the
clause is omitted, which on most platforms indicates a starting
value of 1.
:param increment: the increment value of the sequence. This
value is used when the CREATE SEQUENCE command is emitted to
the database as the value of the "INCREMENT BY" clause. If ``None``,
the clause is omitted, which on most platforms indicates an
increment of 1.
:param minvalue: the minimum value of the sequence. This
value is used when the CREATE SEQUENCE command is emitted to
the database as the value of the "MINVALUE" clause. If ``None``,
the clause is omitted, which on most platforms indicates a
minvalue of 1 and -2^63-1 for ascending and descending sequences,
respectively.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.7
:param maxvalue: the maximum value of the sequence. This
value is used when the CREATE SEQUENCE command is emitted to
the database as the value of the "MAXVALUE" clause. If ``None``,
the clause is omitted, which on most platforms indicates a
maxvalue of 2^63-1 and -1 for ascending and descending sequences,
respectively.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.7
:param nominvalue: no minimum value of the sequence. This
value is used when the CREATE SEQUENCE command is emitted to
the database as the value of the "NO MINVALUE" clause. If ``None``,
the clause is omitted, which on most platforms indicates a
minvalue of 1 and -2^63-1 for ascending and descending sequences,
respectively.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.7
:param nomaxvalue: no maximum value of the sequence. This
value is used when the CREATE SEQUENCE command is emitted to
the database as the value of the "NO MAXVALUE" clause. If ``None``,
the clause is omitted, which on most platforms indicates a
maxvalue of 2^63-1 and -1 for ascending and descending sequences,
respectively.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.7
:param cycle: allows the sequence to wrap around when the maxvalue
or minvalue has been reached by an ascending or descending sequence
respectively. This value is used when the CREATE SEQUENCE command
is emitted to the database as the "CYCLE" clause. If the limit is
reached, the next number generated will be the minvalue or maxvalue,
respectively. If cycle=False (the default) any calls to nextval
after the sequence has reached its maximum value will return an
error.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.7
:param schema: optional schema name for the sequence, if located
in a schema other than the default. The rules for selecting the
schema name when a :class:`_schema.MetaData`
is also present are the same
as that of :paramref:`_schema.Table.schema`.
:param cache: optional integer value; number of future values in the
sequence which are calculated in advance. Renders the CACHE keyword
understood by Oracle and PostgreSQL.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.12
:param order: optional boolean value; if true, renders the
ORDER keyword, understood by Oracle, indicating the sequence is
definitively ordered. May be necessary to provide deterministic
ordering using Oracle RAC.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.12
:param optional: boolean value, when ``True``, indicates that this
:class:`.Sequence` object only needs to be explicitly generated
on backends that don't provide another way to generate primary
key identifiers. Currently, it essentially means, "don't create
this sequence on the PostgreSQL backend, where the SERIAL keyword
creates a sequence for us automatically".
:param quote: boolean value, when ``True`` or ``False``, explicitly
forces quoting of the :paramref:`_schema.Sequence.name` on or off.
When left at its default of ``None``, normal quoting rules based
on casing and reserved words take place.
:param quote_schema: Set the quoting preferences for the ``schema``
name.
:param metadata: optional :class:`_schema.MetaData` object which this
:class:`.Sequence` will be associated with. A :class:`.Sequence`
that is associated with a :class:`_schema.MetaData`
gains the following
capabilities:
* The :class:`.Sequence` will inherit the
:paramref:`_schema.MetaData.schema`
parameter specified to the target :class:`_schema.MetaData`, which
affects the production of CREATE / DROP DDL, if any.
* The :meth:`.Sequence.create` and :meth:`.Sequence.drop` methods
automatically use the engine bound to the :class:`_schema.MetaData`
object, if any.
* The :meth:`_schema.MetaData.create_all` and
:meth:`_schema.MetaData.drop_all`
methods will emit CREATE / DROP for this :class:`.Sequence`,
even if the :class:`.Sequence` is not associated with any
:class:`_schema.Table` / :class:`_schema.Column`
that's a member of this
:class:`_schema.MetaData`.
The above behaviors can only occur if the :class:`.Sequence` is
explicitly associated with the :class:`_schema.MetaData`
via this parameter.
.. seealso::
:ref:`sequence_metadata` - full discussion of the
:paramref:`.Sequence.metadata` parameter.
:param for_update: Indicates this :class:`.Sequence`, when associated
with a :class:`_schema.Column`,
should be invoked for UPDATE statements
on that column's table, rather than for INSERT statements, when
no value is otherwise present for that column in the statement.
"""
DefaultGenerator.__init__(self, for_update=for_update)
IdentityOptions.__init__(
self,
start=start,
increment=increment,
minvalue=minvalue,
maxvalue=maxvalue,
nominvalue=nominvalue,
nomaxvalue=nomaxvalue,
cycle=cycle,
cache=cache,
order=order,
)
self.name = quoted_name(name, quote)
self.optional = optional
if schema is BLANK_SCHEMA:
self.schema = schema = None
elif metadata is not None and schema is None and metadata.schema:
self.schema = schema = metadata.schema
else:
self.schema = quoted_name(schema, quote_schema)
self.metadata = metadata
self._key = _get_table_key(name, schema)
if metadata:
self._set_metadata(metadata)
@util.memoized_property
def is_callable(self):
return False
@util.memoized_property
def is_clause_element(self):
return False
@util.dependencies("sqlalchemy.sql.functions.func")
def next_value(self, func):
"""Return a :class:`.next_value` function element
which will render the appropriate increment function
for this :class:`.Sequence` within any SQL expression.
"""
return func.next_value(self, bind=self.bind)
def _set_parent(self, column):
super(Sequence, self)._set_parent(column)
column._on_table_attach(self._set_table)
def _set_table(self, column, table):
self._set_metadata(table.metadata)
def _set_metadata(self, metadata):
self.metadata = metadata
self.metadata._sequences[self._key] = self
@property
def bind(self):
if self.metadata:
return self.metadata.bind
else:
return None
def create(self, bind=None, checkfirst=True):
"""Creates this sequence in the database."""
if bind is None:
bind = _bind_or_error(self)
bind._run_visitor(ddl.SchemaGenerator, self, checkfirst=checkfirst)
def drop(self, bind=None, checkfirst=True):
"""Drops this sequence from the database."""
if bind is None:
bind = _bind_or_error(self)
bind._run_visitor(ddl.SchemaDropper, self, checkfirst=checkfirst)
def _not_a_column_expr(self):
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"This %s cannot be used directly "
"as a column expression. Use func.next_value(sequence) "
"to produce a 'next value' function that's usable "
"as a column element." % self.__class__.__name__
)
@inspection._self_inspects
class FetchedValue(_NotAColumnExpr, SchemaEventTarget):
"""A marker for a transparent database-side default.
Use :class:`.FetchedValue` when the database is configured
to provide some automatic default for a column.
E.g.::
Column('foo', Integer, FetchedValue())
Would indicate that some trigger or default generator
will create a new value for the ``foo`` column during an
INSERT.
.. seealso::
:ref:`triggered_columns`
"""
is_server_default = True
reflected = False
has_argument = False
def __init__(self, for_update=False):
self.for_update = for_update
def _as_for_update(self, for_update):
if for_update == self.for_update:
return self
else:
return self._clone(for_update)
def _clone(self, for_update):
n = self.__class__.__new__(self.__class__)
n.__dict__.update(self.__dict__)
n.__dict__.pop("column", None)
n.for_update = for_update
return n
def _set_parent(self, column):
self.column = column
if self.for_update:
self.column.server_onupdate = self
else:
self.column.server_default = self
def __repr__(self):
return util.generic_repr(self)
class DefaultClause(FetchedValue):
"""A DDL-specified DEFAULT column value.
:class:`.DefaultClause` is a :class:`.FetchedValue`
that also generates a "DEFAULT" clause when
"CREATE TABLE" is emitted.
:class:`.DefaultClause` is generated automatically
whenever the ``server_default``, ``server_onupdate`` arguments of
:class:`_schema.Column` are used. A :class:`.DefaultClause`
can be passed positionally as well.
For example, the following::
Column('foo', Integer, server_default="50")
Is equivalent to::
Column('foo', Integer, DefaultClause("50"))
"""
has_argument = True
def __init__(self, arg, for_update=False, _reflected=False):
util.assert_arg_type(
arg, (util.string_types[0], ClauseElement, TextClause), "arg"
)
super(DefaultClause, self).__init__(for_update)
self.arg = arg
self.reflected = _reflected
def __repr__(self):
return "DefaultClause(%r, for_update=%r)" % (self.arg, self.for_update)
@util.deprecated_cls(
"0.6",
":class:`.PassiveDefault` is deprecated and will be removed in a "
"future release. Please refer to :class:`.DefaultClause`.",
)
class PassiveDefault(DefaultClause):
"""A DDL-specified DEFAULT column value.
"""
def __init__(self, *arg, **kw):
DefaultClause.__init__(self, *arg, **kw)
class Constraint(DialectKWArgs, SchemaItem):
"""A table-level SQL constraint."""
__visit_name__ = "constraint"
def __init__(
self,
name=None,
deferrable=None,
initially=None,
_create_rule=None,
info=None,
_type_bound=False,
**dialect_kw
):
r"""Create a SQL constraint.
:param name:
Optional, the in-database name of this ``Constraint``.
:param deferrable:
Optional bool. If set, emit DEFERRABLE or NOT DEFERRABLE when
issuing DDL for this constraint.
:param initially:
Optional string. If set, emit INITIALLY <value> when issuing DDL
for this constraint.
:param info: Optional data dictionary which will be populated into the
:attr:`.SchemaItem.info` attribute of this object.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.0
:param _create_rule:
a callable which is passed the DDLCompiler object during
compilation. Returns True or False to signal inline generation of
this Constraint.
The AddConstraint and DropConstraint DDL constructs provide
DDLElement's more comprehensive "conditional DDL" approach that is
passed a database connection when DDL is being issued. _create_rule
is instead called during any CREATE TABLE compilation, where there
may not be any transaction/connection in progress. However, it
allows conditional compilation of the constraint even for backends
which do not support addition of constraints through ALTER TABLE,
which currently includes SQLite.
_create_rule is used by some types to create constraints.
Currently, its call signature is subject to change at any time.
:param \**dialect_kw: Additional keyword arguments are dialect
specific, and passed in the form ``<dialectname>_<argname>``. See
the documentation regarding an individual dialect at
:ref:`dialect_toplevel` for detail on documented arguments.
"""
self.name = name
self.deferrable = deferrable
self.initially = initially
if info:
self.info = info
self._create_rule = _create_rule
self._type_bound = _type_bound
util.set_creation_order(self)
self._validate_dialect_kwargs(dialect_kw)
@property
def table(self):
try:
if isinstance(self.parent, Table):
return self.parent
except AttributeError:
pass
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"This constraint is not bound to a table. Did you "
"mean to call table.append_constraint(constraint) ?"
)
def _set_parent(self, parent):
self.parent = parent
parent.constraints.add(self)
def copy(self, **kw):
raise NotImplementedError()
def _to_schema_column(element):
if hasattr(element, "__clause_element__"):
element = element.__clause_element__()
if not isinstance(element, Column):
raise exc.ArgumentError("schema.Column object expected")
return element
def _to_schema_column_or_string(element):
if element is None:
return element
elif hasattr(element, "__clause_element__"):
element = element.__clause_element__()
if not isinstance(element, util.string_types + (ColumnElement,)):
msg = "Element %r is not a string name or column element"
raise exc.ArgumentError(msg % element)
return element
class ColumnCollectionMixin(object):
columns = None
"""A :class:`_expression.ColumnCollection` of :class:`_schema.Column`
objects.
This collection represents the columns which are referred to by
this object.
"""
_allow_multiple_tables = False
def __init__(self, *columns, **kw):
_autoattach = kw.pop("_autoattach", True)
self._column_flag = kw.pop("_column_flag", False)
self.columns = ColumnCollection()
self._pending_colargs = [
_to_schema_column_or_string(c) for c in columns
]
if _autoattach and self._pending_colargs:
self._check_attach()
@classmethod
def _extract_col_expression_collection(cls, expressions):
for expr in expressions:
strname = None
column = None
if hasattr(expr, "__clause_element__"):
expr = expr.__clause_element__()
if not isinstance(expr, (ColumnElement, TextClause)):
# this assumes a string
strname = expr
else:
cols = []
visitors.traverse(expr, {}, {"column": cols.append})
if cols:
column = cols[0]
add_element = column if column is not None else strname
yield expr, column, strname, add_element
def _check_attach(self, evt=False):
col_objs = [c for c in self._pending_colargs if isinstance(c, Column)]
cols_w_table = [c for c in col_objs if isinstance(c.table, Table)]
cols_wo_table = set(col_objs).difference(cols_w_table)
if cols_wo_table:
# feature #3341 - place event listeners for Column objects
# such that when all those cols are attached, we autoattach.
assert not evt, "Should not reach here on event call"
# issue #3411 - don't do the per-column auto-attach if some of the
# columns are specified as strings.
has_string_cols = set(
c for c in self._pending_colargs if c is not None
).difference(col_objs)
if not has_string_cols:
def _col_attached(column, table):
# this isinstance() corresponds with the
# isinstance() above; only want to count Table-bound
# columns
if isinstance(table, Table):
cols_wo_table.discard(column)
if not cols_wo_table:
self._check_attach(evt=True)
self._cols_wo_table = cols_wo_table
for col in cols_wo_table:
col._on_table_attach(_col_attached)
return
columns = cols_w_table
tables = {c.table for c in columns}
if len(tables) == 1:
self._set_parent_with_dispatch(tables.pop())
elif len(tables) > 1 and not self._allow_multiple_tables:
table = columns[0].table
others = [c for c in columns[1:] if c.table is not table]
if others:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Column(s) %s are not part of table '%s'."
% (
", ".join("'%s'" % c for c in others),
table.description,
)
)
def _col_expressions(self, table):
return [
table.c[col] if isinstance(col, util.string_types) else col
for col in self._pending_colargs
]
def _set_parent(self, table):
for col in self._col_expressions(table):
if col is not None:
self.columns.add(col)
class ColumnCollectionConstraint(ColumnCollectionMixin, Constraint):
"""A constraint that proxies a ColumnCollection."""
def __init__(self, *columns, **kw):
r"""
:param \*columns:
A sequence of column names or Column objects.
:param name:
Optional, the in-database name of this constraint.
:param deferrable:
Optional bool. If set, emit DEFERRABLE or NOT DEFERRABLE when
issuing DDL for this constraint.
:param initially:
Optional string. If set, emit INITIALLY <value> when issuing DDL
for this constraint.
:param \**kw: other keyword arguments including dialect-specific
arguments are propagated to the :class:`.Constraint` superclass.
"""
_autoattach = kw.pop("_autoattach", True)
_column_flag = kw.pop("_column_flag", False)
Constraint.__init__(self, **kw)
ColumnCollectionMixin.__init__(
self, *columns, _autoattach=_autoattach, _column_flag=_column_flag
)
columns = None
"""A :class:`_expression.ColumnCollection` representing the set of columns
for this constraint.
"""
def _set_parent(self, table):
Constraint._set_parent(self, table)
ColumnCollectionMixin._set_parent(self, table)
def __contains__(self, x):
return x in self.columns
def copy(self, **kw):
# ticket #5276
constraint_kwargs = {}
for dialect_name in self.dialect_options:
dialect_options = self.dialect_options[dialect_name]._non_defaults
for (
dialect_option_key,
dialect_option_value,
) in dialect_options.items():
constraint_kwargs[
dialect_name + "_" + dialect_option_key
] = dialect_option_value
c = self.__class__(
name=self.name,
deferrable=self.deferrable,
initially=self.initially,
*self.columns.keys(),
**constraint_kwargs
)
return self._schema_item_copy(c)
def contains_column(self, col):
"""Return True if this constraint contains the given column.
Note that this object also contains an attribute ``.columns``
which is a :class:`_expression.ColumnCollection` of
:class:`_schema.Column` objects.
"""
return self.columns.contains_column(col)
def __iter__(self):
# inlining of
# return iter(self.columns)
# ColumnCollection->OrderedProperties->OrderedDict
ordered_dict = self.columns._data
return (ordered_dict[key] for key in ordered_dict._list)
def __len__(self):
return len(self.columns._data)
class CheckConstraint(ColumnCollectionConstraint):
"""A table- or column-level CHECK constraint.
Can be included in the definition of a Table or Column.
"""
_allow_multiple_tables = True
@_document_text_coercion(
"sqltext",
":class:`.CheckConstraint`",
":paramref:`.CheckConstraint.sqltext`",
)
def __init__(
self,
sqltext,
name=None,
deferrable=None,
initially=None,
table=None,
info=None,
_create_rule=None,
_autoattach=True,
_type_bound=False,
**kw
):
r"""Construct a CHECK constraint.
:param sqltext:
A string containing the constraint definition, which will be used
verbatim, or a SQL expression construct. If given as a string,
the object is converted to a :func:`_expression.text` object.
If the textual
string includes a colon character, escape this using a backslash::
CheckConstraint(r"foo ~ E'a(?\:b|c)d")
:param name:
Optional, the in-database name of the constraint.
:param deferrable:
Optional bool. If set, emit DEFERRABLE or NOT DEFERRABLE when
issuing DDL for this constraint.
:param initially:
Optional string. If set, emit INITIALLY <value> when issuing DDL
for this constraint.
:param info: Optional data dictionary which will be populated into the
:attr:`.SchemaItem.info` attribute of this object.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.0
"""
self.sqltext = _literal_as_text(sqltext, allow_coercion_to_text=True)
columns = []
visitors.traverse(self.sqltext, {}, {"column": columns.append})
super(CheckConstraint, self).__init__(
name=name,
deferrable=deferrable,
initially=initially,
_create_rule=_create_rule,
info=info,
_type_bound=_type_bound,
_autoattach=_autoattach,
*columns,
**kw
)
if table is not None:
self._set_parent_with_dispatch(table)
def __visit_name__(self):
if isinstance(self.parent, Table):
return "check_constraint"
else:
return "column_check_constraint"
__visit_name__ = property(__visit_name__)
def copy(self, target_table=None, **kw):
if target_table is not None:
sqltext = _copy_expression(self.sqltext, self.table, target_table)
else:
sqltext = self.sqltext
c = CheckConstraint(
sqltext,
name=self.name,
initially=self.initially,
deferrable=self.deferrable,
_create_rule=self._create_rule,
table=target_table,
_autoattach=False,
_type_bound=self._type_bound,
)
return self._schema_item_copy(c)
class ForeignKeyConstraint(ColumnCollectionConstraint):
"""A table-level FOREIGN KEY constraint.
Defines a single column or composite FOREIGN KEY ... REFERENCES
constraint. For a no-frills, single column foreign key, adding a
:class:`_schema.ForeignKey` to the definition of a :class:`_schema.Column`
is a
shorthand equivalent for an unnamed, single column
:class:`_schema.ForeignKeyConstraint`.
Examples of foreign key configuration are in :ref:`metadata_foreignkeys`.
"""
__visit_name__ = "foreign_key_constraint"
def __init__(
self,
columns,
refcolumns,
name=None,
onupdate=None,
ondelete=None,
deferrable=None,
initially=None,
use_alter=False,
link_to_name=False,
match=None,
table=None,
info=None,
**dialect_kw
):
r"""Construct a composite-capable FOREIGN KEY.
:param columns: A sequence of local column names. The named columns
must be defined and present in the parent Table. The names should
match the ``key`` given to each column (defaults to the name) unless
``link_to_name`` is True.
:param refcolumns: A sequence of foreign column names or Column
objects. The columns must all be located within the same Table.
:param name: Optional, the in-database name of the key.
:param onupdate: Optional string. If set, emit ON UPDATE <value> when
issuing DDL for this constraint. Typical values include CASCADE,
DELETE and RESTRICT.
:param ondelete: Optional string. If set, emit ON DELETE <value> when
issuing DDL for this constraint. Typical values include CASCADE,
DELETE and RESTRICT.
:param deferrable: Optional bool. If set, emit DEFERRABLE or NOT
DEFERRABLE when issuing DDL for this constraint.
:param initially: Optional string. If set, emit INITIALLY <value> when
issuing DDL for this constraint.
:param link_to_name: if True, the string name given in ``column`` is
the rendered name of the referenced column, not its locally assigned
``key``.
:param use_alter: If True, do not emit the DDL for this constraint as
part of the CREATE TABLE definition. Instead, generate it via an
ALTER TABLE statement issued after the full collection of tables
have been created, and drop it via an ALTER TABLE statement before
the full collection of tables are dropped.
The use of :paramref:`_schema.ForeignKeyConstraint.use_alter` is
particularly geared towards the case where two or more tables
are established within a mutually-dependent foreign key constraint
relationship; however, the :meth:`_schema.MetaData.create_all` and
:meth:`_schema.MetaData.drop_all`
methods will perform this resolution
automatically, so the flag is normally not needed.
.. versionchanged:: 1.0.0 Automatic resolution of foreign key
cycles has been added, removing the need to use the
:paramref:`_schema.ForeignKeyConstraint.use_alter` in typical use
cases.
.. seealso::
:ref:`use_alter`
:param match: Optional string. If set, emit MATCH <value> when issuing
DDL for this constraint. Typical values include SIMPLE, PARTIAL
and FULL.
:param info: Optional data dictionary which will be populated into the
:attr:`.SchemaItem.info` attribute of this object.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.0
:param \**dialect_kw: Additional keyword arguments are dialect
specific, and passed in the form ``<dialectname>_<argname>``. See
the documentation regarding an individual dialect at
:ref:`dialect_toplevel` for detail on documented arguments.
.. versionadded:: 0.9.2
"""
Constraint.__init__(
self,
name=name,
deferrable=deferrable,
initially=initially,
info=info,
**dialect_kw
)
self.onupdate = onupdate
self.ondelete = ondelete
self.link_to_name = link_to_name
self.use_alter = use_alter
self.match = match
if len(set(columns)) != len(refcolumns):
if len(set(columns)) != len(columns):
# e.g. FOREIGN KEY (a, a) REFERENCES r (b, c)
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"ForeignKeyConstraint with duplicate source column "
"references are not supported."
)
else:
# e.g. FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES r (b, c)
# paraphrasing https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/static/\
# ddl-constraints.html
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"ForeignKeyConstraint number "
"of constrained columns must match the number of "
"referenced columns."
)
# standalone ForeignKeyConstraint - create
# associated ForeignKey objects which will be applied to hosted
# Column objects (in col.foreign_keys), either now or when attached
# to the Table for string-specified names
self.elements = [
ForeignKey(
refcol,
_constraint=self,
name=self.name,
onupdate=self.onupdate,
ondelete=self.ondelete,
use_alter=self.use_alter,
link_to_name=self.link_to_name,
match=self.match,
deferrable=self.deferrable,
initially=self.initially,
**self.dialect_kwargs
)
for refcol in refcolumns
]
ColumnCollectionMixin.__init__(self, *columns)
if table is not None:
if hasattr(self, "parent"):
assert table is self.parent
self._set_parent_with_dispatch(table)
def _append_element(self, column, fk):
self.columns.add(column)
self.elements.append(fk)
columns = None
"""A :class:`_expression.ColumnCollection` representing the set of columns
for this constraint.
"""
elements = None
"""A sequence of :class:`_schema.ForeignKey` objects.
Each :class:`_schema.ForeignKey`
represents a single referring column/referred
column pair.
This collection is intended to be read-only.
"""
@property
def _elements(self):
# legacy - provide a dictionary view of (column_key, fk)
return util.OrderedDict(zip(self.column_keys, self.elements))
@property
def _referred_schema(self):
for elem in self.elements:
return elem._referred_schema
else:
return None
@property
def referred_table(self):
"""The :class:`_schema.Table` object to which this
:class:`_schema.ForeignKeyConstraint` references.
This is a dynamically calculated attribute which may not be available
if the constraint and/or parent table is not yet associated with
a metadata collection that contains the referred table.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.0
"""
return self.elements[0].column.table
def _validate_dest_table(self, table):
table_keys = set([elem._table_key() for elem in self.elements])
if None not in table_keys and len(table_keys) > 1:
elem0, elem1 = sorted(table_keys)[0:2]
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"ForeignKeyConstraint on %s(%s) refers to "
"multiple remote tables: %s and %s"
% (table.fullname, self._col_description, elem0, elem1)
)
@property
def column_keys(self):
"""Return a list of string keys representing the local
columns in this :class:`_schema.ForeignKeyConstraint`.
This list is either the original string arguments sent
to the constructor of the :class:`_schema.ForeignKeyConstraint`,
or if the constraint has been initialized with :class:`_schema.Column`
objects, is the string .key of each element.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.0
"""
if hasattr(self, "parent"):
return self.columns.keys()
else:
return [
col.key if isinstance(col, ColumnElement) else str(col)
for col in self._pending_colargs
]
@property
def _col_description(self):
return ", ".join(self.column_keys)
def _set_parent(self, table):
Constraint._set_parent(self, table)
try:
ColumnCollectionConstraint._set_parent(self, table)
except KeyError as ke:
util.raise_(
exc.ArgumentError(
"Can't create ForeignKeyConstraint "
"on table '%s': no column "
"named '%s' is present." % (table.description, ke.args[0])
),
from_=ke,
)
for col, fk in zip(self.columns, self.elements):
if not hasattr(fk, "parent") or fk.parent is not col:
fk._set_parent_with_dispatch(col)
self._validate_dest_table(table)
def copy(self, schema=None, target_table=None, **kw):
fkc = ForeignKeyConstraint(
[x.parent.key for x in self.elements],
[
x._get_colspec(
schema=schema,
table_name=target_table.name
if target_table is not None
and x._table_key() == x.parent.table.key
else None,
)
for x in self.elements
],
name=self.name,
onupdate=self.onupdate,
ondelete=self.ondelete,
use_alter=self.use_alter,
deferrable=self.deferrable,
initially=self.initially,
link_to_name=self.link_to_name,
match=self.match,
)
for self_fk, other_fk in zip(self.elements, fkc.elements):
self_fk._schema_item_copy(other_fk)
return self._schema_item_copy(fkc)
class PrimaryKeyConstraint(ColumnCollectionConstraint):
"""A table-level PRIMARY KEY constraint.
The :class:`.PrimaryKeyConstraint` object is present automatically
on any :class:`_schema.Table` object; it is assigned a set of
:class:`_schema.Column` objects corresponding to those marked with
the :paramref:`_schema.Column.primary_key` flag::
>>> my_table = Table('mytable', metadata,
... Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
... Column('version_id', Integer, primary_key=True),
... Column('data', String(50))
... )
>>> my_table.primary_key
PrimaryKeyConstraint(
Column('id', Integer(), table=<mytable>,
primary_key=True, nullable=False),
Column('version_id', Integer(), table=<mytable>,
primary_key=True, nullable=False)
)
The primary key of a :class:`_schema.Table` can also be specified by using
a :class:`.PrimaryKeyConstraint` object explicitly; in this mode of usage,
the "name" of the constraint can also be specified, as well as other
options which may be recognized by dialects::
my_table = Table('mytable', metadata,
Column('id', Integer),
Column('version_id', Integer),
Column('data', String(50)),
PrimaryKeyConstraint('id', 'version_id',
name='mytable_pk')
)
The two styles of column-specification should generally not be mixed.
An warning is emitted if the columns present in the
:class:`.PrimaryKeyConstraint`
don't match the columns that were marked as ``primary_key=True``, if both
are present; in this case, the columns are taken strictly from the
:class:`.PrimaryKeyConstraint` declaration, and those columns otherwise
marked as ``primary_key=True`` are ignored. This behavior is intended to
be backwards compatible with previous behavior.
.. versionchanged:: 0.9.2 Using a mixture of columns within a
:class:`.PrimaryKeyConstraint` in addition to columns marked as
``primary_key=True`` now emits a warning if the lists don't match.
The ultimate behavior of ignoring those columns marked with the flag
only is currently maintained for backwards compatibility; this warning
may raise an exception in a future release.
For the use case where specific options are to be specified on the
:class:`.PrimaryKeyConstraint`, but the usual style of using
``primary_key=True`` flags is still desirable, an empty
:class:`.PrimaryKeyConstraint` may be specified, which will take on the
primary key column collection from the :class:`_schema.Table` based on the
flags::
my_table = Table('mytable', metadata,
Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
Column('version_id', Integer, primary_key=True),
Column('data', String(50)),
PrimaryKeyConstraint(name='mytable_pk',
mssql_clustered=True)
)
.. versionadded:: 0.9.2 an empty :class:`.PrimaryKeyConstraint` may now
be specified for the purposes of establishing keyword arguments with
the constraint, independently of the specification of "primary key"
columns within the :class:`_schema.Table` itself; columns marked as
``primary_key=True`` will be gathered into the empty constraint's
column collection.
"""
__visit_name__ = "primary_key_constraint"
def __init__(self, *columns, **kw):
self._implicit_generated = kw.pop("_implicit_generated", False)
super(PrimaryKeyConstraint, self).__init__(*columns, **kw)
def _set_parent(self, table):
super(PrimaryKeyConstraint, self)._set_parent(table)
if table.primary_key is not self:
table.constraints.discard(table.primary_key)
table.primary_key = self
table.constraints.add(self)
table_pks = [c for c in table.c if c.primary_key]
if (
self.columns
and table_pks
and set(table_pks) != set(self.columns.values())
):
util.warn(
"Table '%s' specifies columns %s as primary_key=True, "
"not matching locally specified columns %s; setting the "
"current primary key columns to %s. This warning "
"may become an exception in a future release"
% (
table.name,
", ".join("'%s'" % c.name for c in table_pks),
", ".join("'%s'" % c.name for c in self.columns),
", ".join("'%s'" % c.name for c in self.columns),
)
)
table_pks[:] = []
for c in self.columns:
c.primary_key = True
c.nullable = False
self.columns.extend(table_pks)
def _reload(self, columns):
"""repopulate this :class:`.PrimaryKeyConstraint` given
a set of columns.
Existing columns in the table that are marked as primary_key=True
are maintained.
Also fires a new event.
This is basically like putting a whole new
:class:`.PrimaryKeyConstraint` object on the parent
:class:`_schema.Table` object without actually replacing the object.
The ordering of the given list of columns is also maintained; these
columns will be appended to the list of columns after any which
are already present.
"""
# set the primary key flag on new columns.
# note any existing PK cols on the table also have their
# flag still set.
for col in columns:
col.primary_key = True
self.columns.extend(columns)
PrimaryKeyConstraint._autoincrement_column._reset(self)
self._set_parent_with_dispatch(self.table)
def _replace(self, col):
PrimaryKeyConstraint._autoincrement_column._reset(self)
self.columns.replace(col)
@property
def columns_autoinc_first(self):
autoinc = self._autoincrement_column
if autoinc is not None:
return [autoinc] + [c for c in self.columns if c is not autoinc]
else:
return list(self.columns)
@util.memoized_property
def _autoincrement_column(self):
def _validate_autoinc(col, autoinc_true):
if col.type._type_affinity is None or not issubclass(
col.type._type_affinity, type_api.INTEGERTYPE._type_affinity
):
if autoinc_true:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Column type %s on column '%s' is not "
"compatible with autoincrement=True" % (col.type, col)
)
else:
return False
elif (
not isinstance(col.default, (type(None), Sequence))
and not autoinc_true
):
return False
elif col.server_default is not None and not autoinc_true:
return False
elif col.foreign_keys and col.autoincrement not in (
True,
"ignore_fk",
):
return False
return True
if len(self.columns) == 1:
col = list(self.columns)[0]
if col.autoincrement is True:
_validate_autoinc(col, True)
return col
elif col.autoincrement in (
"auto",
"ignore_fk",
) and _validate_autoinc(col, False):
return col
else:
autoinc = None
for col in self.columns:
if col.autoincrement is True:
_validate_autoinc(col, True)
if autoinc is not None:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Only one Column may be marked "
"autoincrement=True, found both %s and %s."
% (col.name, autoinc.name)
)
else:
autoinc = col
return autoinc
class UniqueConstraint(ColumnCollectionConstraint):
"""A table-level UNIQUE constraint.
Defines a single column or composite UNIQUE constraint. For a no-frills,
single column constraint, adding ``unique=True`` to the ``Column``
definition is a shorthand equivalent for an unnamed, single column
UniqueConstraint.
"""
__visit_name__ = "unique_constraint"
class Index(DialectKWArgs, ColumnCollectionMixin, SchemaItem):
"""A table-level INDEX.
Defines a composite (one or more column) INDEX.
E.g.::
sometable = Table("sometable", metadata,
Column("name", String(50)),
Column("address", String(100))
)
Index("some_index", sometable.c.name)
For a no-frills, single column index, adding
:class:`_schema.Column` also supports ``index=True``::
sometable = Table("sometable", metadata,
Column("name", String(50), index=True)
)
For a composite index, multiple columns can be specified::
Index("some_index", sometable.c.name, sometable.c.address)
Functional indexes are supported as well, typically by using the
:data:`.func` construct in conjunction with table-bound
:class:`_schema.Column` objects::
Index("some_index", func.lower(sometable.c.name))
An :class:`.Index` can also be manually associated with a
:class:`_schema.Table`,
either through inline declaration or using
:meth:`_schema.Table.append_constraint`. When this approach is used,
the names
of the indexed columns can be specified as strings::
Table("sometable", metadata,
Column("name", String(50)),
Column("address", String(100)),
Index("some_index", "name", "address")
)
To support functional or expression-based indexes in this form, the
:func:`_expression.text` construct may be used::
from sqlalchemy import text
Table("sometable", metadata,
Column("name", String(50)),
Column("address", String(100)),
Index("some_index", text("lower(name)"))
)
.. versionadded:: 0.9.5 the :func:`_expression.text`
construct may be used to
specify :class:`.Index` expressions, provided the :class:`.Index`
is explicitly associated with the :class:`_schema.Table`.
.. seealso::
:ref:`schema_indexes` - General information on :class:`.Index`.
:ref:`postgresql_indexes` - PostgreSQL-specific options available for
the :class:`.Index` construct.
:ref:`mysql_indexes` - MySQL-specific options available for the
:class:`.Index` construct.
:ref:`mssql_indexes` - MSSQL-specific options available for the
:class:`.Index` construct.
"""
__visit_name__ = "index"
def __init__(self, name, *expressions, **kw):
r"""Construct an index object.
:param name:
The name of the index
:param \*expressions:
Column expressions to include in the index. The expressions
are normally instances of :class:`_schema.Column`, but may also
be arbitrary SQL expressions which ultimately refer to a
:class:`_schema.Column`.
:param unique=False:
Keyword only argument; if True, create a unique index.
:param quote=None:
Keyword only argument; whether to apply quoting to the name of
the index. Works in the same manner as that of
:paramref:`_schema.Column.quote`.
:param info=None: Optional data dictionary which will be populated
into the :attr:`.SchemaItem.info` attribute of this object.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.0
:param \**kw: Additional keyword arguments not mentioned above are
dialect specific, and passed in the form
``<dialectname>_<argname>``. See the documentation regarding an
individual dialect at :ref:`dialect_toplevel` for detail on
documented arguments.
"""
self.table = table = None
columns = []
processed_expressions = []
for (
expr,
column,
strname,
add_element,
) in self._extract_col_expression_collection(expressions):
columns.append(add_element)
processed_expressions.append(expr)
self.expressions = processed_expressions
self.name = quoted_name(name, kw.pop("quote", None))
self.unique = kw.pop("unique", False)
_column_flag = kw.pop("_column_flag", False)
if "info" in kw:
self.info = kw.pop("info")
# TODO: consider "table" argument being public, but for
# the purpose of the fix here, it starts as private.
if "_table" in kw:
table = kw.pop("_table")
self._validate_dialect_kwargs(kw)
# will call _set_parent() if table-bound column
# objects are present
ColumnCollectionMixin.__init__(
self, *columns, _column_flag=_column_flag
)
if table is not None:
self._set_parent(table)
def _set_parent(self, table):
ColumnCollectionMixin._set_parent(self, table)
if self.table is not None and table is not self.table:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Index '%s' is against table '%s', and "
"cannot be associated with table '%s'."
% (self.name, self.table.description, table.description)
)
self.table = table
table.indexes.add(self)
expressions = self.expressions
col_expressions = self._col_expressions(table)
assert len(expressions) == len(col_expressions)
self.expressions = [
expr if isinstance(expr, ClauseElement) else colexpr
for expr, colexpr in zip(expressions, col_expressions)
]
@property
def bind(self):
"""Return the connectable associated with this Index."""
return self.table.bind
def create(self, bind=None):
"""Issue a ``CREATE`` statement for this
:class:`.Index`, using the given :class:`.Connectable`
for connectivity.
.. seealso::
:meth:`_schema.MetaData.create_all`.
"""
if bind is None:
bind = _bind_or_error(self)
bind._run_visitor(ddl.SchemaGenerator, self)
return self
def drop(self, bind=None):
"""Issue a ``DROP`` statement for this
:class:`.Index`, using the given :class:`.Connectable`
for connectivity.
.. seealso::
:meth:`_schema.MetaData.drop_all`.
"""
if bind is None:
bind = _bind_or_error(self)
bind._run_visitor(ddl.SchemaDropper, self)
def __repr__(self):
return "Index(%s)" % (
", ".join(
[repr(self.name)]
+ [repr(e) for e in self.expressions]
+ (self.unique and ["unique=True"] or [])
)
)
DEFAULT_NAMING_CONVENTION = util.immutabledict({"ix": "ix_%(column_0_label)s"})
class MetaData(SchemaItem):
"""A collection of :class:`_schema.Table`
objects and their associated schema
constructs.
Holds a collection of :class:`_schema.Table` objects as well as
an optional binding to an :class:`_engine.Engine` or
:class:`_engine.Connection`. If bound, the :class:`_schema.Table` objects
in the collection and their columns may participate in implicit SQL
execution.
The :class:`_schema.Table` objects themselves are stored in the
:attr:`_schema.MetaData.tables` dictionary.
:class:`_schema.MetaData` is a thread-safe object for read operations.
Construction of new tables within a single :class:`_schema.MetaData`
object,
either explicitly or via reflection, may not be completely thread-safe.
.. seealso::
:ref:`metadata_describing` - Introduction to database metadata
"""
__visit_name__ = "metadata"
@util.deprecated_params(
reflect=(
"0.8",
"The :paramref:`_schema.MetaData.reflect` "
"flag is deprecated and will "
"be removed in a future release. Please use the "
":meth:`_schema.MetaData.reflect` method.",
)
)
def __init__(
self,
bind=None,
reflect=False,
schema=None,
quote_schema=None,
naming_convention=None,
info=None,
):
"""Create a new MetaData object.
:param bind:
An Engine or Connection to bind to. May also be a string or URL
instance, these are passed to create_engine() and this MetaData will
be bound to the resulting engine.
:param reflect:
Optional, automatically load all tables from the bound database.
Defaults to False. ``bind`` is required when this option is set.
:param schema:
The default schema to use for the :class:`_schema.Table`,
:class:`.Sequence`, and potentially other objects associated with
this :class:`_schema.MetaData`. Defaults to ``None``.
When this value is set, any :class:`_schema.Table` or
:class:`.Sequence`
which specifies ``None`` for the schema parameter will instead
have this schema name defined. To build a :class:`_schema.Table`
or :class:`.Sequence` that still has ``None`` for the schema
even when this parameter is present, use the :attr:`.BLANK_SCHEMA`
symbol.
.. note::
As referred above, the :paramref:`_schema.MetaData.schema`
parameter
only refers to the **default value** that will be applied to
the :paramref:`_schema.Table.schema` parameter of an incoming
:class:`_schema.Table` object. It does not refer to how the
:class:`_schema.Table` is catalogued within the
:class:`_schema.MetaData`,
which remains consistent vs. a :class:`_schema.MetaData`
collection
that does not define this parameter. The
:class:`_schema.Table`
within the :class:`_schema.MetaData`
will still be keyed based on its
schema-qualified name, e.g.
``my_metadata.tables["some_schema.my_table"]``.
The current behavior of the :class:`_schema.ForeignKey`
object is to
circumvent this restriction, where it can locate a table given
the table name alone, where the schema will be assumed to be
present from this value as specified on the owning
:class:`_schema.MetaData` collection. However,
this implies that a
table qualified with BLANK_SCHEMA cannot currently be referred
to by string name from :class:`_schema.ForeignKey`.
Other parts of
SQLAlchemy such as Declarative may not have similar behaviors
built in, however may do so in a future release, along with a
consistent method of referring to a table in BLANK_SCHEMA.
.. seealso::
:paramref:`_schema.Table.schema`
:paramref:`.Sequence.schema`
:param quote_schema:
Sets the ``quote_schema`` flag for those :class:`_schema.Table`,
:class:`.Sequence`, and other objects which make usage of the
local ``schema`` name.
:param info: Optional data dictionary which will be populated into the
:attr:`.SchemaItem.info` attribute of this object.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.0
:param naming_convention: a dictionary referring to values which
will establish default naming conventions for :class:`.Constraint`
and :class:`.Index` objects, for those objects which are not given
a name explicitly.
The keys of this dictionary may be:
* a constraint or Index class, e.g. the :class:`.UniqueConstraint`,
:class:`_schema.ForeignKeyConstraint` class, the :class:`.Index`
class
* a string mnemonic for one of the known constraint classes;
``"fk"``, ``"pk"``, ``"ix"``, ``"ck"``, ``"uq"`` for foreign key,
primary key, index, check, and unique constraint, respectively.
* the string name of a user-defined "token" that can be used
to define new naming tokens.
The values associated with each "constraint class" or "constraint
mnemonic" key are string naming templates, such as
``"uq_%(table_name)s_%(column_0_name)s"``,
which describe how the name should be composed. The values
associated with user-defined "token" keys should be callables of the
form ``fn(constraint, table)``, which accepts the constraint/index
object and :class:`_schema.Table` as arguments, returning a string
result.
The built-in names are as follows, some of which may only be
available for certain types of constraint:
* ``%(table_name)s`` - the name of the :class:`_schema.Table`
object
associated with the constraint.
* ``%(referred_table_name)s`` - the name of the
:class:`_schema.Table`
object associated with the referencing target of a
:class:`_schema.ForeignKeyConstraint`.
* ``%(column_0_name)s`` - the name of the :class:`_schema.Column`
at
index position "0" within the constraint.
* ``%(column_0N_name)s`` - the name of all :class:`_schema.Column`
objects in order within the constraint, joined without a
separator.
* ``%(column_0_N_name)s`` - the name of all
:class:`_schema.Column`
objects in order within the constraint, joined with an
underscore as a separator.
* ``%(column_0_label)s``, ``%(column_0N_label)s``,
``%(column_0_N_label)s`` - the label of either the zeroth
:class:`_schema.Column` or all :class:`.Columns`, separated with
or without an underscore
* ``%(column_0_key)s``, ``%(column_0N_key)s``,
``%(column_0_N_key)s`` - the key of either the zeroth
:class:`_schema.Column` or all :class:`.Columns`, separated with
or without an underscore
* ``%(referred_column_0_name)s``, ``%(referred_column_0N_name)s``
``%(referred_column_0_N_name)s``, ``%(referred_column_0_key)s``,
``%(referred_column_0N_key)s``, ... column tokens which
render the names/keys/labels of columns that are referenced
by a :class:`_schema.ForeignKeyConstraint`.
* ``%(constraint_name)s`` - a special key that refers to the
existing name given to the constraint. When this key is
present, the :class:`.Constraint` object's existing name will be
replaced with one that is composed from template string that
uses this token. When this token is present, it is required that
the :class:`.Constraint` is given an explicit name ahead of time.
* user-defined: any additional token may be implemented by passing
it along with a ``fn(constraint, table)`` callable to the
naming_convention dictionary.
.. versionadded:: 1.3.0 - added new ``%(column_0N_name)s``,
``%(column_0_N_name)s``, and related tokens that produce
concatenations of names, keys, or labels for all columns referred
to by a given constraint.
.. seealso::
:ref:`constraint_naming_conventions` - for detailed usage
examples.
"""
self.tables = util.immutabledict()
self.schema = quoted_name(schema, quote_schema)
self.naming_convention = (
naming_convention
if naming_convention
else DEFAULT_NAMING_CONVENTION
)
if info:
self.info = info
self._schemas = set()
self._sequences = {}
self._fk_memos = collections.defaultdict(list)
self.bind = bind
if reflect:
if not bind:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"A bind must be supplied in conjunction "
"with reflect=True"
)
self.reflect()
tables = None
"""A dictionary of :class:`_schema.Table`
objects keyed to their name or "table key".
The exact key is that determined by the :attr:`_schema.Table.key`
attribute;
for a table with no :attr:`_schema.Table.schema` attribute,
this is the same
as :attr:`_schema.Table.name`. For a table with a schema,
it is typically of the
form ``schemaname.tablename``.
.. seealso::
:attr:`_schema.MetaData.sorted_tables`
"""
def __repr__(self):
return "MetaData(bind=%r)" % self.bind
def __contains__(self, table_or_key):
if not isinstance(table_or_key, util.string_types):
table_or_key = table_or_key.key
return table_or_key in self.tables
def _add_table(self, name, schema, table):
key = _get_table_key(name, schema)
dict.__setitem__(self.tables, key, table)
if schema:
self._schemas.add(schema)
def _remove_table(self, name, schema):
key = _get_table_key(name, schema)
removed = dict.pop(self.tables, key, None)
if removed is not None:
for fk in removed.foreign_keys:
fk._remove_from_metadata(self)
if self._schemas:
self._schemas = set(
[
t.schema
for t in self.tables.values()
if t.schema is not None
]
)
def __getstate__(self):
return {
"tables": self.tables,
"schema": self.schema,
"schemas": self._schemas,
"sequences": self._sequences,
"fk_memos": self._fk_memos,
"naming_convention": self.naming_convention,
}
def __setstate__(self, state):
self.tables = state["tables"]
self.schema = state["schema"]
self.naming_convention = state["naming_convention"]
self._bind = None
self._sequences = state["sequences"]
self._schemas = state["schemas"]
self._fk_memos = state["fk_memos"]
def is_bound(self):
"""True if this MetaData is bound to an Engine or Connection."""
return self._bind is not None
def bind(self):
"""An :class:`_engine.Engine` or :class:`_engine.Connection`
to which this
:class:`_schema.MetaData` is bound.
Typically, a :class:`_engine.Engine` is assigned to this attribute
so that "implicit execution" may be used, or alternatively
as a means of providing engine binding information to an
ORM :class:`.Session` object::
engine = create_engine("someurl://")
metadata.bind = engine
.. seealso::
:ref:`dbengine_implicit` - background on "bound metadata"
"""
return self._bind
@util.dependencies("sqlalchemy.engine.url")
def _bind_to(self, url, bind):
"""Bind this MetaData to an Engine, Connection, string or URL."""
if isinstance(bind, util.string_types + (url.URL,)):
self._bind = sqlalchemy.create_engine(bind)
else:
self._bind = bind
bind = property(bind, _bind_to)
def clear(self):
"""Clear all Table objects from this MetaData."""
dict.clear(self.tables)
self._schemas.clear()
self._fk_memos.clear()
def remove(self, table):
"""Remove the given Table object from this MetaData."""
self._remove_table(table.name, table.schema)
@property
def sorted_tables(self):
"""Returns a list of :class:`_schema.Table` objects sorted in order of
foreign key dependency.
The sorting will place :class:`_schema.Table`
objects that have dependencies
first, before the dependencies themselves, representing the
order in which they can be created. To get the order in which
the tables would be dropped, use the ``reversed()`` Python built-in.
.. warning::
The :attr:`.MetaData.sorted_tables` attribute cannot by itself
accommodate automatic resolution of dependency cycles between
tables, which are usually caused by mutually dependent foreign key
constraints. When these cycles are detected, the foreign keys
of these tables are omitted from consideration in the sort.
A warning is emitted when this condition occurs, which will be an
exception raise in a future release. Tables which are not part
of the cycle will still be returned in dependency order.
To resolve these cycles, the
:paramref:`_schema.ForeignKeyConstraint.use_alter` parameter may be
applied to those constraints which create a cycle. Alternatively,
the :func:`_schema.sort_tables_and_constraints` function will
automatically return foreign key constraints in a separate
collection when cycles are detected so that they may be applied
to a schema separately.
.. versionchanged:: 1.3.17 - a warning is emitted when
:attr:`.MetaData.sorted_tables` cannot perform a proper sort
due to cyclical dependencies. This will be an exception in a
future release. Additionally, the sort will continue to return
other tables not involved in the cycle in dependency order which
was not the case previously.
.. seealso::
:func:`_schema.sort_tables`
:func:`_schema.sort_tables_and_constraints`
:attr:`_schema.MetaData.tables`
:meth:`_reflection.Inspector.get_table_names`
:meth:`_reflection.Inspector.get_sorted_table_and_fkc_names`
"""
return ddl.sort_tables(
sorted(self.tables.values(), key=lambda t: t.key)
)
def reflect(
self,
bind=None,
schema=None,
views=False,
only=None,
extend_existing=False,
autoload_replace=True,
resolve_fks=True,
**dialect_kwargs
):
r"""Load all available table definitions from the database.
Automatically creates ``Table`` entries in this ``MetaData`` for any
table available in the database but not yet present in the
``MetaData``. May be called multiple times to pick up tables recently
added to the database, however no special action is taken if a table
in this ``MetaData`` no longer exists in the database.
:param bind:
A :class:`.Connectable` used to access the database; if None, uses
the existing bind on this ``MetaData``, if any.
:param schema:
Optional, query and reflect tables from an alternate schema.
If None, the schema associated with this :class:`_schema.MetaData`
is used, if any.
:param views:
If True, also reflect views.
:param only:
Optional. Load only a sub-set of available named tables. May be
specified as a sequence of names or a callable.
If a sequence of names is provided, only those tables will be
reflected. An error is raised if a table is requested but not
available. Named tables already present in this ``MetaData`` are
ignored.
If a callable is provided, it will be used as a boolean predicate to
filter the list of potential table names. The callable is called
with a table name and this ``MetaData`` instance as positional
arguments and should return a true value for any table to reflect.
:param extend_existing: Passed along to each :class:`_schema.Table` as
:paramref:`_schema.Table.extend_existing`.
.. versionadded:: 0.9.1
:param autoload_replace: Passed along to each :class:`_schema.Table`
as
:paramref:`_schema.Table.autoload_replace`.
.. versionadded:: 0.9.1
:param resolve_fks: if True, reflect :class:`_schema.Table`
objects linked
to :class:`_schema.ForeignKey` objects located in each
:class:`_schema.Table`.
For :meth:`_schema.MetaData.reflect`,
this has the effect of reflecting
related tables that might otherwise not be in the list of tables
being reflected, for example if the referenced table is in a
different schema or is omitted via the
:paramref:`.MetaData.reflect.only` parameter. When False,
:class:`_schema.ForeignKey` objects are not followed to the
:class:`_schema.Table`
in which they link, however if the related table is also part of the
list of tables that would be reflected in any case, the
:class:`_schema.ForeignKey` object will still resolve to its related
:class:`_schema.Table` after the :meth:`_schema.MetaData.reflect`
operation is
complete. Defaults to True.
.. versionadded:: 1.3.0
.. seealso::
:paramref:`_schema.Table.resolve_fks`
:param \**dialect_kwargs: Additional keyword arguments not mentioned
above are dialect specific, and passed in the form
``<dialectname>_<argname>``. See the documentation regarding an
individual dialect at :ref:`dialect_toplevel` for detail on
documented arguments.
.. versionadded:: 0.9.2 - Added
:paramref:`.MetaData.reflect.**dialect_kwargs` to support
dialect-level reflection options for all :class:`_schema.Table`
objects reflected.
"""
if bind is None:
bind = _bind_or_error(self)
with bind.connect() as conn:
reflect_opts = {
"autoload": True,
"autoload_with": conn,
"extend_existing": extend_existing,
"autoload_replace": autoload_replace,
"resolve_fks": resolve_fks,
"_extend_on": set(),
}
reflect_opts.update(dialect_kwargs)
if schema is None:
schema = self.schema
if schema is not None:
reflect_opts["schema"] = schema
available = util.OrderedSet(
bind.engine.table_names(schema, connection=conn)
)
if views:
available.update(bind.dialect.get_view_names(conn, schema))
if schema is not None:
available_w_schema = util.OrderedSet(
["%s.%s" % (schema, name) for name in available]
)
else:
available_w_schema = available
current = set(self.tables)
if only is None:
load = [
name
for name, schname in zip(available, available_w_schema)
if extend_existing or schname not in current
]
elif util.callable(only):
load = [
name
for name, schname in zip(available, available_w_schema)
if (extend_existing or schname not in current)
and only(name, self)
]
else:
missing = [name for name in only if name not in available]
if missing:
s = schema and (" schema '%s'" % schema) or ""
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"Could not reflect: requested table(s) not available "
"in %r%s: (%s)" % (bind.engine, s, ", ".join(missing))
)
load = [
name
for name in only
if extend_existing or name not in current
]
for name in load:
try:
Table(name, self, **reflect_opts)
except exc.UnreflectableTableError as uerr:
util.warn("Skipping table %s: %s" % (name, uerr))
@util.deprecated(
"0.7",
"the :meth:`_schema.MetaData.append_ddl_listener` "
"method is deprecated and "
"will be removed in a future release. Please refer to "
":class:`.DDLEvents`.",
)
def append_ddl_listener(self, event_name, listener):
"""Append a DDL event listener to this ``MetaData``.
"""
def adapt_listener(target, connection, **kw):
tables = kw["tables"]
listener(event, target, connection, tables=tables)
event.listen(self, "" + event_name.replace("-", "_"), adapt_listener)
def create_all(self, bind=None, tables=None, checkfirst=True):
"""Create all tables stored in this metadata.
Conditional by default, will not attempt to recreate tables already
present in the target database.
:param bind:
A :class:`.Connectable` used to access the
database; if None, uses the existing bind on this ``MetaData``, if
any.
:param tables:
Optional list of ``Table`` objects, which is a subset of the total
tables in the ``MetaData`` (others are ignored).
:param checkfirst:
Defaults to True, don't issue CREATEs for tables already present
in the target database.
"""
if bind is None:
bind = _bind_or_error(self)
bind._run_visitor(
ddl.SchemaGenerator, self, checkfirst=checkfirst, tables=tables
)
def drop_all(self, bind=None, tables=None, checkfirst=True):
"""Drop all tables stored in this metadata.
Conditional by default, will not attempt to drop tables not present in
the target database.
:param bind:
A :class:`.Connectable` used to access the
database; if None, uses the existing bind on this ``MetaData``, if
any.
:param tables:
Optional list of ``Table`` objects, which is a subset of the
total tables in the ``MetaData`` (others are ignored).
:param checkfirst:
Defaults to True, only issue DROPs for tables confirmed to be
present in the target database.
"""
if bind is None:
bind = _bind_or_error(self)
bind._run_visitor(
ddl.SchemaDropper, self, checkfirst=checkfirst, tables=tables
)
class ThreadLocalMetaData(MetaData):
"""A MetaData variant that presents a different ``bind`` in every thread.
Makes the ``bind`` property of the MetaData a thread-local value, allowing
this collection of tables to be bound to different ``Engine``
implementations or connections in each thread.
The ThreadLocalMetaData starts off bound to None in each thread. Binds
must be made explicitly by assigning to the ``bind`` property or using
``connect()``. You can also re-bind dynamically multiple times per
thread, just like a regular ``MetaData``.
"""
__visit_name__ = "metadata"
def __init__(self):
"""Construct a ThreadLocalMetaData."""
self.context = util.threading.local()
self.__engines = {}
super(ThreadLocalMetaData, self).__init__()
def bind(self):
"""The bound Engine or Connection for this thread.
This property may be assigned an Engine or Connection, or assigned a
string or URL to automatically create a basic Engine for this bind
with ``create_engine()``."""
return getattr(self.context, "_engine", None)
@util.dependencies("sqlalchemy.engine.url")
def _bind_to(self, url, bind):
"""Bind to a Connectable in the caller's thread."""
if isinstance(bind, util.string_types + (url.URL,)):
try:
self.context._engine = self.__engines[bind]
except KeyError:
e = sqlalchemy.create_engine(bind)
self.__engines[bind] = e
self.context._engine = e
else:
# TODO: this is squirrely. we shouldn't have to hold onto engines
# in a case like this
if bind not in self.__engines:
self.__engines[bind] = bind
self.context._engine = bind
bind = property(bind, _bind_to)
def is_bound(self):
"""True if there is a bind for this thread."""
return (
hasattr(self.context, "_engine")
and self.context._engine is not None
)
def dispose(self):
"""Dispose all bound engines, in all thread contexts."""
for e in self.__engines.values():
if hasattr(e, "dispose"):
e.dispose()
class _SchemaTranslateMap(object):
"""Provide translation of schema names based on a mapping.
Also provides helpers for producing cache keys and optimized
access when no mapping is present.
Used by the :paramref:`.Connection.execution_options.schema_translate_map`
feature.
.. versionadded:: 1.1
"""
__slots__ = "map_", "__call__", "hash_key", "is_default"
_default_schema_getter = operator.attrgetter("schema")
def __init__(self, map_):
self.map_ = map_
if map_ is not None:
def schema_for_object(obj):
effective_schema = self._default_schema_getter(obj)
effective_schema = obj._translate_schema(
effective_schema, map_
)
return effective_schema
self.__call__ = schema_for_object
self.hash_key = ";".join(
"%s=%s" % (k, map_[k]) for k in sorted(map_, key=str)
)
self.is_default = False
else:
self.hash_key = 0
self.__call__ = self._default_schema_getter
self.is_default = True
@classmethod
def _schema_getter(cls, map_):
if map_ is None:
return _default_schema_map
elif isinstance(map_, _SchemaTranslateMap):
return map_
else:
return _SchemaTranslateMap(map_)
_default_schema_map = _SchemaTranslateMap(None)
_schema_getter = _SchemaTranslateMap._schema_getter
class Computed(FetchedValue, SchemaItem):
"""Defines a generated column, i.e. "GENERATED ALWAYS AS" syntax.
The :class:`.Computed` construct is an inline construct added to the
argument list of a :class:`_schema.Column` object::
from sqlalchemy import Computed
Table('square', meta,
Column('side', Float, nullable=False),
Column('area', Float, Computed('side * side'))
)
See the linked documentation below for complete details.
.. versionadded:: 1.3.11
.. seealso::
:ref:`computed_ddl`
"""
__visit_name__ = "computed_column"
@_document_text_coercion(
"sqltext", ":class:`.Computed`", ":paramref:`.Computed.sqltext`"
)
def __init__(self, sqltext, persisted=None):
"""Construct a GENERATED ALWAYS AS DDL construct to accompany a
:class:`_schema.Column`.
:param sqltext:
A string containing the column generation expression, which will be
used verbatim, or a SQL expression construct, such as a
:func:`_expression.text`
object. If given as a string, the object is converted to a
:func:`_expression.text` object.
:param persisted:
Optional, controls how this column should be persisted by the
database. Possible values are:
* None, the default, it will use the default persistence defined
by the database.
* True, will render ``GENERATED ALWAYS AS ... STORED``, or the
equivalent for the target database if supported
* False, will render ``GENERATED ALWAYS AS ... VIRTUAL``, or the
equivalent for the target database if supported.
Specifying ``True`` or ``False`` may raise an error when the DDL
is emitted to the target database if the databse does not support
that persistence option. Leaving this parameter at its default
of ``None`` is guaranteed to succeed for all databases that support
``GENERATED ALWAYS AS``.
"""
self.sqltext = _literal_as_text(sqltext, allow_coercion_to_text=True)
self.persisted = persisted
self.column = None
def _set_parent(self, parent):
if not isinstance(
parent.server_default, (type(None), Computed)
) or not isinstance(parent.server_onupdate, (type(None), Computed)):
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"A generated column cannot specify a server_default or a "
"server_onupdate argument"
)
self.column = parent
parent.computed = self
self.column.server_onupdate = self
self.column.server_default = self
def _as_for_update(self, for_update):
return self
def copy(self, target_table=None, **kw):
if target_table is not None:
sqltext = _copy_expression(self.sqltext, self.table, target_table)
else:
sqltext = self.sqltext
g = Computed(sqltext, persisted=self.persisted)
return self._schema_item_copy(g)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/flask_restful/fields.py
|
from datetime import datetime
from calendar import timegm
import pytz
from decimal import Decimal as MyDecimal, ROUND_HALF_EVEN
from email.utils import formatdate
import six
try:
from urlparse import urlparse, urlunparse
except ImportError:
# python3
from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlunparse
from flask_restful import inputs, marshal
from flask import url_for, request
__all__ = ["String", "FormattedString", "Url", "DateTime", "Float",
"Integer", "Arbitrary", "Nested", "List", "Raw", "Boolean",
"Fixed", "Price"]
class MarshallingException(Exception):
"""
This is an encapsulating Exception in case of marshalling error.
"""
def __init__(self, underlying_exception):
# just put the contextual representation of the error to hint on what
# went wrong without exposing internals
super(MarshallingException, self).__init__(six.text_type(underlying_exception))
def is_indexable_but_not_string(obj):
return not hasattr(obj, "strip") and hasattr(obj, "__iter__")
def get_value(key, obj, default=None):
"""Helper for pulling a keyed value off various types of objects"""
if isinstance(key, int):
return _get_value_for_key(key, obj, default)
elif callable(key):
return key(obj)
else:
return _get_value_for_keys(key.split('.'), obj, default)
def _get_value_for_keys(keys, obj, default):
if len(keys) == 1:
return _get_value_for_key(keys[0], obj, default)
else:
return _get_value_for_keys(
keys[1:], _get_value_for_key(keys[0], obj, default), default)
def _get_value_for_key(key, obj, default):
if is_indexable_but_not_string(obj):
try:
return obj[key]
except (IndexError, TypeError, KeyError):
pass
return getattr(obj, key, default)
def to_marshallable_type(obj):
"""Helper for converting an object to a dictionary only if it is not
dictionary already or an indexable object nor a simple type"""
if obj is None:
return None # make it idempotent for None
if hasattr(obj, '__marshallable__'):
return obj.__marshallable__()
if hasattr(obj, '__getitem__'):
return obj # it is indexable it is ok
return dict(obj.__dict__)
class Raw(object):
"""Raw provides a base field class from which others should extend. It
applies no formatting by default, and should only be used in cases where
data does not need to be formatted before being serialized. Fields should
throw a :class:`MarshallingException` in case of parsing problem.
:param default: The default value for the field, if no value is
specified.
:param attribute: If the public facing value differs from the internal
value, use this to retrieve a different attribute from the response
than the publicly named value.
"""
def __init__(self, default=None, attribute=None):
self.attribute = attribute
self.default = default
def format(self, value):
"""Formats a field's value. No-op by default - field classes that
modify how the value of existing object keys should be presented should
override this and apply the appropriate formatting.
:param value: The value to format
:exception MarshallingException: In case of formatting problem
Ex::
class TitleCase(Raw):
def format(self, value):
return unicode(value).title()
"""
return value
def output(self, key, obj):
"""Pulls the value for the given key from the object, applies the
field's formatting and returns the result. If the key is not found
in the object, returns the default value. Field classes that create
values which do not require the existence of the key in the object
should override this and return the desired value.
:exception MarshallingException: In case of formatting problem
"""
value = get_value(key if self.attribute is None else self.attribute, obj)
if value is None:
return self.default
return self.format(value)
class Nested(Raw):
"""Allows you to nest one set of fields inside another.
See :ref:`nested-field` for more information
:param dict nested: The dictionary to nest
:param bool allow_null: Whether to return None instead of a dictionary
with null keys, if a nested dictionary has all-null keys
:param kwargs: If ``default`` keyword argument is present, a nested
dictionary will be marshaled as its value if nested dictionary is
all-null keys (e.g. lets you return an empty JSON object instead of
null)
"""
def __init__(self, nested, allow_null=False, **kwargs):
self.nested = nested
self.allow_null = allow_null
super(Nested, self).__init__(**kwargs)
def output(self, key, obj):
value = get_value(key if self.attribute is None else self.attribute, obj)
if value is None:
if self.allow_null:
return None
elif self.default is not None:
return self.default
return marshal(value, self.nested)
class List(Raw):
"""
Field for marshalling lists of other fields.
See :ref:`list-field` for more information.
:param cls_or_instance: The field type the list will contain.
"""
def __init__(self, cls_or_instance, **kwargs):
super(List, self).__init__(**kwargs)
error_msg = ("The type of the list elements must be a subclass of "
"flask_restful.fields.Raw")
if isinstance(cls_or_instance, type):
if not issubclass(cls_or_instance, Raw):
raise MarshallingException(error_msg)
self.container = cls_or_instance()
else:
if not isinstance(cls_or_instance, Raw):
raise MarshallingException(error_msg)
self.container = cls_or_instance
def format(self, value):
# Convert all instances in typed list to container type
if isinstance(value, set):
value = list(value)
return [
self.container.output(idx,
val if (isinstance(val, dict)
or (self.container.attribute
and hasattr(val, self.container.attribute)))
and not isinstance(self.container, Nested)
and not type(self.container) is Raw
else value)
for idx, val in enumerate(value)
]
def output(self, key, data):
value = get_value(key if self.attribute is None else self.attribute, data)
# we cannot really test for external dict behavior
if is_indexable_but_not_string(value) and not isinstance(value, dict):
return self.format(value)
if value is None:
return self.default
return [marshal(value, self.container.nested)]
class String(Raw):
"""
Marshal a value as a string. Uses ``six.text_type`` so values will
be converted to :class:`unicode` in python2 and :class:`str` in
python3.
"""
def format(self, value):
try:
return six.text_type(value)
except ValueError as ve:
raise MarshallingException(ve)
class Integer(Raw):
""" Field for outputting an integer value.
:param int default: The default value for the field, if no value is
specified.
"""
def __init__(self, default=0, **kwargs):
super(Integer, self).__init__(default=default, **kwargs)
def format(self, value):
try:
if value is None:
return self.default
return int(value)
except ValueError as ve:
raise MarshallingException(ve)
class Boolean(Raw):
"""
Field for outputting a boolean value.
Empty collections such as ``""``, ``{}``, ``[]``, etc. will be converted to
``False``.
"""
def format(self, value):
return bool(value)
class FormattedString(Raw):
"""
FormattedString is used to interpolate other values from
the response into this field. The syntax for the source string is
the same as the string :meth:`~str.format` method from the python
stdlib.
Ex::
fields = {
'name': fields.String,
'greeting': fields.FormattedString("Hello {name}")
}
data = {
'name': 'Doug',
}
marshal(data, fields)
"""
def __init__(self, src_str):
"""
:param string src_str: the string to format with the other
values from the response.
"""
super(FormattedString, self).__init__()
self.src_str = six.text_type(src_str)
def output(self, key, obj):
try:
data = to_marshallable_type(obj)
return self.src_str.format(**data)
except (TypeError, IndexError) as error:
raise MarshallingException(error)
class Url(Raw):
"""
A string representation of a Url
:param endpoint: Endpoint name. If endpoint is ``None``,
``request.endpoint`` is used instead
:type endpoint: str
:param absolute: If ``True``, ensures that the generated urls will have the
hostname included
:type absolute: bool
:param scheme: URL scheme specifier (e.g. ``http``, ``https``)
:type scheme: str
"""
def __init__(self, endpoint=None, absolute=False, scheme=None, **kwargs):
super(Url, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.endpoint = endpoint
self.absolute = absolute
self.scheme = scheme
def output(self, key, obj):
try:
data = to_marshallable_type(obj)
endpoint = self.endpoint if self.endpoint is not None else request.endpoint
o = urlparse(url_for(endpoint, _external=self.absolute, **data))
if self.absolute:
scheme = self.scheme if self.scheme is not None else o.scheme
return urlunparse((scheme, o.netloc, o.path, "", "", ""))
return urlunparse(("", "", o.path, "", "", ""))
except TypeError as te:
raise MarshallingException(te)
class Float(Raw):
"""
A double as IEEE-754 double precision.
ex : 3.141592653589793 3.1415926535897933e-06 3.141592653589793e+24 nan inf
-inf
"""
def format(self, value):
try:
return float(value)
except ValueError as ve:
raise MarshallingException(ve)
class Arbitrary(Raw):
"""
A floating point number with an arbitrary precision
ex: 634271127864378216478362784632784678324.23432
"""
def format(self, value):
return six.text_type(MyDecimal(value))
class DateTime(Raw):
"""
Return a formatted datetime string in UTC. Supported formats are RFC 822
and ISO 8601.
See :func:`email.utils.formatdate` for more info on the RFC 822 format.
See :meth:`datetime.datetime.isoformat` for more info on the ISO 8601
format.
:param dt_format: ``'rfc822'`` or ``'iso8601'``
:type dt_format: str
"""
def __init__(self, dt_format='rfc822', **kwargs):
super(DateTime, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.dt_format = dt_format
def format(self, value):
try:
if self.dt_format == 'rfc822':
return _rfc822(value)
elif self.dt_format == 'iso8601':
return _iso8601(value)
else:
raise MarshallingException(
'Unsupported date format %s' % self.dt_format
)
except AttributeError as ae:
raise MarshallingException(ae)
ZERO = MyDecimal()
class Fixed(Raw):
"""
A decimal number with a fixed precision.
"""
def __init__(self, decimals=5, **kwargs):
super(Fixed, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.precision = MyDecimal('0.' + '0' * (decimals - 1) + '1')
def format(self, value):
dvalue = MyDecimal(value)
if not dvalue.is_normal() and dvalue != ZERO:
raise MarshallingException('Invalid Fixed precision number.')
return six.text_type(dvalue.quantize(self.precision, rounding=ROUND_HALF_EVEN))
"""Alias for :class:`~fields.Fixed`"""
Price = Fixed
def _rfc822(dt):
"""Turn a datetime object into a formatted date.
Example::
fields._rfc822(datetime(2011, 1, 1)) => "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 -0000"
:param dt: The datetime to transform
:type dt: datetime
:return: A RFC 822 formatted date string
"""
return formatdate(timegm(dt.utctimetuple()))
def _iso8601(dt):
"""Turn a datetime object into an ISO8601 formatted date.
Example::
fields._iso8601(datetime(2012, 1, 1, 0, 0)) => "2012-01-01T00:00:00"
:param dt: The datetime to transform
:type dt: datetime
:return: A ISO 8601 formatted date string
"""
return dt.isoformat()
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/flask_restful/reqparse.py
|
from copy import deepcopy
try:
from collections.abc import MutableSequence
except ImportError:
from collections import MutableSequence
from flask import current_app, request
from werkzeug.datastructures import MultiDict, FileStorage
from werkzeug import exceptions
import flask_restful
import decimal
import six
class Namespace(dict):
def __getattr__(self, name):
try:
return self[name]
except KeyError:
raise AttributeError(name)
def __setattr__(self, name, value):
self[name] = value
_friendly_location = {
u'json': u'the JSON body',
u'form': u'the post body',
u'args': u'the query string',
u'values': u'the post body or the query string',
u'headers': u'the HTTP headers',
u'cookies': u'the request\'s cookies',
u'files': u'an uploaded file',
}
text_type = lambda x: six.text_type(x)
class Argument(object):
"""
:param name: Either a name or a list of option strings, e.g. foo or
-f, --foo.
:param default: The value produced if the argument is absent from the
request.
:param dest: The name of the attribute to be added to the object
returned by :meth:`~reqparse.RequestParser.parse_args()`.
:param bool required: Whether or not the argument may be omitted (optionals
only).
:param action: The basic type of action to be taken when this argument
is encountered in the request. Valid options are "store" and "append".
:param ignore: Whether to ignore cases where the argument fails type
conversion
:param type: The type to which the request argument should be
converted. If a type raises an exception, the message in the
error will be returned in the response. Defaults to :class:`unicode`
in python2 and :class:`str` in python3.
:param location: The attributes of the :class:`flask.Request` object
to source the arguments from (ex: headers, args, etc.), can be an
iterator. The last item listed takes precedence in the result set.
:param choices: A container of the allowable values for the argument.
:param help: A brief description of the argument, returned in the
response when the argument is invalid. May optionally contain
an "{error_msg}" interpolation token, which will be replaced with
the text of the error raised by the type converter.
:param bool case_sensitive: Whether argument values in the request are
case sensitive or not (this will convert all values to lowercase)
:param bool store_missing: Whether the arguments default value should
be stored if the argument is missing from the request.
:param bool trim: If enabled, trims whitespace around the argument.
:param bool nullable: If enabled, allows null value in argument.
"""
def __init__(self, name, default=None, dest=None, required=False,
ignore=False, type=text_type, location=('json', 'values',),
choices=(), action='store', help=None, operators=('=',),
case_sensitive=True, store_missing=True, trim=False,
nullable=True):
self.name = name
self.default = default
self.dest = dest
self.required = required
self.ignore = ignore
self.location = location
self.type = type
self.choices = choices
self.action = action
self.help = help
self.case_sensitive = case_sensitive
self.operators = operators
self.store_missing = store_missing
self.trim = trim
self.nullable = nullable
def __str__(self):
if len(self.choices) > 5:
choices = self.choices[0:3]
choices.append('...')
choices.append(self.choices[-1])
else:
choices = self.choices
return 'Name: {0}, type: {1}, choices: {2}'.format(self.name, self.type, choices)
def __repr__(self):
return "{0}('{1}', default={2}, dest={3}, required={4}, ignore={5}, location={6}, " \
"type=\"{7}\", choices={8}, action='{9}', help={10}, case_sensitive={11}, " \
"operators={12}, store_missing={13}, trim={14}, nullable={15})".format(
self.__class__.__name__, self.name, self.default, self.dest, self.required, self.ignore, self.location,
self.type, self.choices, self.action, self.help, self.case_sensitive,
self.operators, self.store_missing, self.trim, self.nullable)
def source(self, request):
"""Pulls values off the request in the provided location
:param request: The flask request object to parse arguments from
"""
if isinstance(self.location, six.string_types):
value = getattr(request, self.location, MultiDict())
if callable(value):
value = value()
if value is not None:
return value
else:
values = MultiDict()
for l in self.location:
value = getattr(request, l, None)
if callable(value):
value = value()
if value is not None:
values.update(value)
return values
return MultiDict()
def convert(self, value, op):
# Don't cast None
if value is None:
if self.nullable:
return None
else:
raise ValueError('Must not be null!')
# and check if we're expecting a filestorage and haven't overridden `type`
# (required because the below instantiation isn't valid for FileStorage)
elif isinstance(value, FileStorage) and self.type == FileStorage:
return value
try:
return self.type(value, self.name, op)
except TypeError:
try:
if self.type is decimal.Decimal:
return self.type(str(value))
else:
return self.type(value, self.name)
except TypeError:
return self.type(value)
def handle_validation_error(self, error, bundle_errors):
"""Called when an error is raised while parsing. Aborts the request
with a 400 status and an error message
:param error: the error that was raised
:param bundle_errors: do not abort when first error occurs, return a
dict with the name of the argument and the error message to be
bundled
"""
error_str = six.text_type(error)
error_msg = self.help.format(error_msg=error_str) if self.help else error_str
msg = {self.name: error_msg}
if current_app.config.get("BUNDLE_ERRORS", False) or bundle_errors:
return error, msg
flask_restful.abort(400, message=msg)
def parse(self, request, bundle_errors=False):
"""Parses argument value(s) from the request, converting according to
the argument's type.
:param request: The flask request object to parse arguments from
:param bundle_errors: Do not abort when first error occurs, return a
dict with the name of the argument and the error message to be
bundled
"""
source = self.source(request)
results = []
# Sentinels
_not_found = False
_found = True
for operator in self.operators:
name = self.name + operator.replace("=", "", 1)
if name in source:
# Account for MultiDict and regular dict
if hasattr(source, "getlist"):
values = source.getlist(name)
else:
values = source.get(name)
if not (isinstance(values, MutableSequence) and self.action == 'append'):
values = [values]
for value in values:
if hasattr(value, "strip") and self.trim:
value = value.strip()
if hasattr(value, "lower") and not self.case_sensitive:
value = value.lower()
if hasattr(self.choices, "__iter__"):
self.choices = [choice.lower()
for choice in self.choices]
try:
value = self.convert(value, operator)
except Exception as error:
if self.ignore:
continue
return self.handle_validation_error(error, bundle_errors)
if self.choices and value not in self.choices:
if current_app.config.get("BUNDLE_ERRORS", False) or bundle_errors:
return self.handle_validation_error(
ValueError(u"{0} is not a valid choice".format(
value)), bundle_errors)
self.handle_validation_error(
ValueError(u"{0} is not a valid choice".format(
value)), bundle_errors)
if name in request.unparsed_arguments:
request.unparsed_arguments.pop(name)
results.append(value)
if not results and self.required:
if isinstance(self.location, six.string_types):
error_msg = u"Missing required parameter in {0}".format(
_friendly_location.get(self.location, self.location)
)
else:
friendly_locations = [_friendly_location.get(loc, loc)
for loc in self.location]
error_msg = u"Missing required parameter in {0}".format(
' or '.join(friendly_locations)
)
if current_app.config.get("BUNDLE_ERRORS", False) or bundle_errors:
return self.handle_validation_error(ValueError(error_msg), bundle_errors)
self.handle_validation_error(ValueError(error_msg), bundle_errors)
if not results:
if callable(self.default):
return self.default(), _not_found
else:
return self.default, _not_found
if self.action == 'append':
return results, _found
if self.action == 'store' or len(results) == 1:
return results[0], _found
return results, _found
class RequestParser(object):
"""Enables adding and parsing of multiple arguments in the context of a
single request. Ex::
from flask_restful import reqparse
parser = reqparse.RequestParser()
parser.add_argument('foo')
parser.add_argument('int_bar', type=int)
args = parser.parse_args()
:param bool trim: If enabled, trims whitespace on all arguments in this
parser
:param bool bundle_errors: If enabled, do not abort when first error occurs,
return a dict with the name of the argument and the error message to be
bundled and return all validation errors
"""
def __init__(self, argument_class=Argument, namespace_class=Namespace,
trim=False, bundle_errors=False):
self.args = []
self.argument_class = argument_class
self.namespace_class = namespace_class
self.trim = trim
self.bundle_errors = bundle_errors
def add_argument(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""Adds an argument to be parsed.
Accepts either a single instance of Argument or arguments to be passed
into :class:`Argument`'s constructor.
See :class:`Argument`'s constructor for documentation on the
available options.
"""
if len(args) == 1 and isinstance(args[0], self.argument_class):
self.args.append(args[0])
else:
self.args.append(self.argument_class(*args, **kwargs))
# Do not know what other argument classes are out there
if self.trim and self.argument_class is Argument:
# enable trim for appended element
self.args[-1].trim = kwargs.get('trim', self.trim)
return self
def parse_args(self, req=None, strict=False, http_error_code=400):
"""Parse all arguments from the provided request and return the results
as a Namespace
:param req: Can be used to overwrite request from Flask
:param strict: if req includes args not in parser, throw 400 BadRequest exception
:param http_error_code: use custom error code for `flask_restful.abort()`
"""
if req is None:
req = request
namespace = self.namespace_class()
# A record of arguments not yet parsed; as each is found
# among self.args, it will be popped out
req.unparsed_arguments = dict(self.argument_class('').source(req)) if strict else {}
errors = {}
for arg in self.args:
value, found = arg.parse(req, self.bundle_errors)
if isinstance(value, ValueError):
errors.update(found)
found = None
if found or arg.store_missing:
namespace[arg.dest or arg.name] = value
if errors:
flask_restful.abort(http_error_code, message=errors)
if strict and req.unparsed_arguments:
raise exceptions.BadRequest('Unknown arguments: %s'
% ', '.join(req.unparsed_arguments.keys()))
return namespace
def copy(self):
""" Creates a copy of this RequestParser with the same set of arguments """
parser_copy = self.__class__(self.argument_class, self.namespace_class)
parser_copy.args = deepcopy(self.args)
parser_copy.trim = self.trim
parser_copy.bundle_errors = self.bundle_errors
return parser_copy
def replace_argument(self, name, *args, **kwargs):
""" Replace the argument matching the given name with a new version. """
new_arg = self.argument_class(name, *args, **kwargs)
for index, arg in enumerate(self.args[:]):
if new_arg.name == arg.name:
del self.args[index]
self.args.append(new_arg)
break
return self
def remove_argument(self, name):
""" Remove the argument matching the given name. """
for index, arg in enumerate(self.args[:]):
if name == arg.name:
del self.args[index]
break
return self
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/flask_restful/__init__.py
|
from __future__ import absolute_import
from functools import wraps, partial
from flask import request, url_for, current_app
from flask import abort as original_flask_abort
from flask import make_response as original_flask_make_response
from flask.views import MethodView
from flask.signals import got_request_exception
from werkzeug.datastructures import Headers
from werkzeug.exceptions import HTTPException, MethodNotAllowed, NotFound, NotAcceptable, InternalServerError
from werkzeug.wrappers import Response as ResponseBase
from flask_restful.utils import http_status_message, unpack, OrderedDict
from flask_restful.representations.json import output_json
import sys
from flask.helpers import _endpoint_from_view_func
from types import MethodType
import operator
try:
from collections.abc import Mapping
except ImportError:
from collections import Mapping
__all__ = ('Api', 'Resource', 'marshal', 'marshal_with', 'marshal_with_field', 'abort')
def abort(http_status_code, **kwargs):
"""Raise a HTTPException for the given http_status_code. Attach any keyword
arguments to the exception for later processing.
"""
#noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
try:
original_flask_abort(http_status_code)
except HTTPException as e:
if len(kwargs):
e.data = kwargs
raise
DEFAULT_REPRESENTATIONS = [('application/json', output_json)]
class Api(object):
"""
The main entry point for the application.
You need to initialize it with a Flask Application: ::
>>> app = Flask(__name__)
>>> api = restful.Api(app)
Alternatively, you can use :meth:`init_app` to set the Flask application
after it has been constructed.
:param app: the Flask application object
:type app: flask.Flask or flask.Blueprint
:param prefix: Prefix all routes with a value, eg v1 or 2010-04-01
:type prefix: str
:param default_mediatype: The default media type to return
:type default_mediatype: str
:param decorators: Decorators to attach to every resource
:type decorators: list
:param catch_all_404s: Use :meth:`handle_error`
to handle 404 errors throughout your app
:param serve_challenge_on_401: Whether to serve a challenge response to
clients on receiving 401. This usually leads to a username/password
popup in web browsers.
:param url_part_order: A string that controls the order that the pieces
of the url are concatenated when the full url is constructed. 'b'
is the blueprint (or blueprint registration) prefix, 'a' is the api
prefix, and 'e' is the path component the endpoint is added with
:type catch_all_404s: bool
:param errors: A dictionary to define a custom response for each
exception or error raised during a request
:type errors: dict
"""
def __init__(self, app=None, prefix='',
default_mediatype='application/json', decorators=None,
catch_all_404s=False, serve_challenge_on_401=False,
url_part_order='bae', errors=None):
self.representations = OrderedDict(DEFAULT_REPRESENTATIONS)
self.urls = {}
self.prefix = prefix
self.default_mediatype = default_mediatype
self.decorators = decorators if decorators else []
self.catch_all_404s = catch_all_404s
self.serve_challenge_on_401 = serve_challenge_on_401
self.url_part_order = url_part_order
self.errors = errors or {}
self.blueprint_setup = None
self.endpoints = set()
self.resources = []
self.app = None
self.blueprint = None
if app is not None:
self.app = app
self.init_app(app)
def init_app(self, app):
"""Initialize this class with the given :class:`flask.Flask`
application or :class:`flask.Blueprint` object.
:param app: the Flask application or blueprint object
:type app: flask.Flask
:type app: flask.Blueprint
Examples::
api = Api()
api.add_resource(...)
api.init_app(app)
"""
# If app is a blueprint, defer the initialization
try:
app.record(self._deferred_blueprint_init)
# Flask.Blueprint has a 'record' attribute, Flask.Api does not
except AttributeError:
self._init_app(app)
else:
self.blueprint = app
def _complete_url(self, url_part, registration_prefix):
"""This method is used to defer the construction of the final url in
the case that the Api is created with a Blueprint.
:param url_part: The part of the url the endpoint is registered with
:param registration_prefix: The part of the url contributed by the
blueprint. Generally speaking, BlueprintSetupState.url_prefix
"""
parts = {
'b': registration_prefix,
'a': self.prefix,
'e': url_part
}
return ''.join(parts[key] for key in self.url_part_order if parts[key])
@staticmethod
def _blueprint_setup_add_url_rule_patch(blueprint_setup, rule, endpoint=None, view_func=None, **options):
"""Method used to patch BlueprintSetupState.add_url_rule for setup
state instance corresponding to this Api instance. Exists primarily
to enable _complete_url's function.
:param blueprint_setup: The BlueprintSetupState instance (self)
:param rule: A string or callable that takes a string and returns a
string(_complete_url) that is the url rule for the endpoint
being registered
:param endpoint: See BlueprintSetupState.add_url_rule
:param view_func: See BlueprintSetupState.add_url_rule
:param **options: See BlueprintSetupState.add_url_rule
"""
if callable(rule):
rule = rule(blueprint_setup.url_prefix)
elif blueprint_setup.url_prefix:
rule = blueprint_setup.url_prefix + rule
options.setdefault('subdomain', blueprint_setup.subdomain)
if endpoint is None:
endpoint = _endpoint_from_view_func(view_func)
defaults = blueprint_setup.url_defaults
if 'defaults' in options:
defaults = dict(defaults, **options.pop('defaults'))
blueprint_setup.app.add_url_rule(rule, '%s.%s' % (blueprint_setup.blueprint.name, endpoint),
view_func, defaults=defaults, **options)
def _deferred_blueprint_init(self, setup_state):
"""Synchronize prefix between blueprint/api and registration options, then
perform initialization with setup_state.app :class:`flask.Flask` object.
When a :class:`flask_restful.Api` object is initialized with a blueprint,
this method is recorded on the blueprint to be run when the blueprint is later
registered to a :class:`flask.Flask` object. This method also monkeypatches
BlueprintSetupState.add_url_rule with _blueprint_setup_add_url_rule_patch.
:param setup_state: The setup state object passed to deferred functions
during blueprint registration
:type setup_state: flask.blueprints.BlueprintSetupState
"""
self.blueprint_setup = setup_state
if setup_state.add_url_rule.__name__ != '_blueprint_setup_add_url_rule_patch':
setup_state._original_add_url_rule = setup_state.add_url_rule
setup_state.add_url_rule = MethodType(Api._blueprint_setup_add_url_rule_patch,
setup_state)
if not setup_state.first_registration:
raise ValueError('flask-restful blueprints can only be registered once.')
self._init_app(setup_state.app)
def _init_app(self, app):
"""Perform initialization actions with the given :class:`flask.Flask`
object.
:param app: The flask application object
:type app: flask.Flask
"""
app.handle_exception = partial(self.error_router, app.handle_exception)
app.handle_user_exception = partial(self.error_router, app.handle_user_exception)
if len(self.resources) > 0:
for resource, urls, kwargs in self.resources:
self._register_view(app, resource, *urls, **kwargs)
def owns_endpoint(self, endpoint):
"""Tests if an endpoint name (not path) belongs to this Api. Takes
in to account the Blueprint name part of the endpoint name.
:param endpoint: The name of the endpoint being checked
:return: bool
"""
if self.blueprint:
if endpoint.startswith(self.blueprint.name):
endpoint = endpoint.split(self.blueprint.name + '.', 1)[-1]
else:
return False
return endpoint in self.endpoints
def _should_use_fr_error_handler(self):
""" Determine if error should be handled with FR or default Flask
The goal is to return Flask error handlers for non-FR-related routes,
and FR errors (with the correct media type) for FR endpoints. This
method currently handles 404 and 405 errors.
:return: bool
"""
adapter = current_app.create_url_adapter(request)
try:
adapter.match()
except MethodNotAllowed as e:
# Check if the other HTTP methods at this url would hit the Api
valid_route_method = e.valid_methods[0]
rule, _ = adapter.match(method=valid_route_method, return_rule=True)
return self.owns_endpoint(rule.endpoint)
except NotFound:
return self.catch_all_404s
except:
# Werkzeug throws other kinds of exceptions, such as Redirect
pass
def _has_fr_route(self):
"""Encapsulating the rules for whether the request was to a Flask endpoint"""
# 404's, 405's, which might not have a url_rule
if self._should_use_fr_error_handler():
return True
# for all other errors, just check if FR dispatched the route
if not request.url_rule:
return False
return self.owns_endpoint(request.url_rule.endpoint)
def error_router(self, original_handler, e):
"""This function decides whether the error occured in a flask-restful
endpoint or not. If it happened in a flask-restful endpoint, our
handler will be dispatched. If it happened in an unrelated view, the
app's original error handler will be dispatched.
In the event that the error occurred in a flask-restful endpoint but
the local handler can't resolve the situation, the router will fall
back onto the original_handler as last resort.
:param original_handler: the original Flask error handler for the app
:type original_handler: function
:param e: the exception raised while handling the request
:type e: Exception
"""
if self._has_fr_route():
try:
return self.handle_error(e)
except Exception:
pass # Fall through to original handler
return original_handler(e)
def handle_error(self, e):
"""Error handler for the API transforms a raised exception into a Flask
response, with the appropriate HTTP status code and body.
:param e: the raised Exception object
:type e: Exception
"""
got_request_exception.send(current_app._get_current_object(), exception=e)
if not isinstance(e, HTTPException) and current_app.propagate_exceptions:
exc_type, exc_value, tb = sys.exc_info()
if exc_value is e:
raise
else:
raise e
headers = Headers()
if isinstance(e, HTTPException):
if e.response is not None:
# If HTTPException is initialized with a response, then return e.get_response().
# This prevents specified error response from being overridden.
# eg. HTTPException(response=Response("Hello World"))
resp = e.get_response()
return resp
code = e.code
default_data = {
'message': getattr(e, 'description', http_status_message(code))
}
headers = e.get_response().headers
else:
code = 500
default_data = {
'message': http_status_message(code),
}
# Werkzeug exceptions generate a content-length header which is added
# to the response in addition to the actual content-length header
# https://github.com/flask-restful/flask-restful/issues/534
remove_headers = ('Content-Length',)
for header in remove_headers:
headers.pop(header, None)
data = getattr(e, 'data', default_data)
if code and code >= 500:
exc_info = sys.exc_info()
if exc_info[1] is None:
exc_info = None
current_app.log_exception(exc_info)
error_cls_name = type(e).__name__
if error_cls_name in self.errors:
custom_data = self.errors.get(error_cls_name, {})
code = custom_data.get('status', 500)
data.update(custom_data)
if code == 406 and self.default_mediatype is None:
# if we are handling NotAcceptable (406), make sure that
# make_response uses a representation we support as the
# default mediatype (so that make_response doesn't throw
# another NotAcceptable error).
supported_mediatypes = list(self.representations.keys())
fallback_mediatype = supported_mediatypes[0] if supported_mediatypes else "text/plain"
resp = self.make_response(
data,
code,
headers,
fallback_mediatype = fallback_mediatype
)
else:
resp = self.make_response(data, code, headers)
if code == 401:
resp = self.unauthorized(resp)
return resp
def mediatypes_method(self):
"""Return a method that returns a list of mediatypes
"""
return lambda resource_cls: self.mediatypes() + [self.default_mediatype]
def add_resource(self, resource, *urls, **kwargs):
"""Adds a resource to the api.
:param resource: the class name of your resource
:type resource: :class:`Type[Resource]`
:param urls: one or more url routes to match for the resource, standard
flask routing rules apply. Any url variables will be
passed to the resource method as args.
:type urls: str
:param endpoint: endpoint name (defaults to :meth:`Resource.__name__.lower`
Can be used to reference this route in :class:`fields.Url` fields
:type endpoint: str
:param resource_class_args: args to be forwarded to the constructor of
the resource.
:type resource_class_args: tuple
:param resource_class_kwargs: kwargs to be forwarded to the constructor
of the resource.
:type resource_class_kwargs: dict
Additional keyword arguments not specified above will be passed as-is
to :meth:`flask.Flask.add_url_rule`.
Examples::
api.add_resource(HelloWorld, '/', '/hello')
api.add_resource(Foo, '/foo', endpoint="foo")
api.add_resource(FooSpecial, '/special/foo', endpoint="foo")
"""
if self.app is not None:
self._register_view(self.app, resource, *urls, **kwargs)
else:
self.resources.append((resource, urls, kwargs))
def resource(self, *urls, **kwargs):
"""Wraps a :class:`~flask_restful.Resource` class, adding it to the
api. Parameters are the same as :meth:`~flask_restful.Api.add_resource`.
Example::
app = Flask(__name__)
api = restful.Api(app)
@api.resource('/foo')
class Foo(Resource):
def get(self):
return 'Hello, World!'
"""
def decorator(cls):
self.add_resource(cls, *urls, **kwargs)
return cls
return decorator
def _register_view(self, app, resource, *urls, **kwargs):
endpoint = kwargs.pop('endpoint', None) or resource.__name__.lower()
self.endpoints.add(endpoint)
resource_class_args = kwargs.pop('resource_class_args', ())
resource_class_kwargs = kwargs.pop('resource_class_kwargs', {})
# NOTE: 'view_functions' is cleaned up from Blueprint class in Flask 1.0
if endpoint in getattr(app, 'view_functions', {}):
previous_view_class = app.view_functions[endpoint].__dict__['view_class']
# if you override the endpoint with a different class, avoid the collision by raising an exception
if previous_view_class != resource:
raise ValueError('This endpoint (%s) is already set to the class %s.' % (endpoint, previous_view_class.__name__))
resource.mediatypes = self.mediatypes_method() # Hacky
resource.endpoint = endpoint
resource_func = self.output(resource.as_view(endpoint, *resource_class_args,
**resource_class_kwargs))
for decorator in self.decorators:
resource_func = decorator(resource_func)
for url in urls:
# If this Api has a blueprint
if self.blueprint:
# And this Api has been setup
if self.blueprint_setup:
# Set the rule to a string directly, as the blueprint is already
# set up.
self.blueprint_setup.add_url_rule(url, view_func=resource_func, **kwargs)
continue
else:
# Set the rule to a function that expects the blueprint prefix
# to construct the final url. Allows deferment of url finalization
# in the case that the associated Blueprint has not yet been
# registered to an application, so we can wait for the registration
# prefix
rule = partial(self._complete_url, url)
else:
# If we've got no Blueprint, just build a url with no prefix
rule = self._complete_url(url, '')
# Add the url to the application or blueprint
app.add_url_rule(rule, view_func=resource_func, **kwargs)
def output(self, resource):
"""Wraps a resource (as a flask view function), for cases where the
resource does not directly return a response object
:param resource: The resource as a flask view function
"""
@wraps(resource)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
resp = resource(*args, **kwargs)
if isinstance(resp, ResponseBase): # There may be a better way to test
return resp
data, code, headers = unpack(resp)
return self.make_response(data, code, headers=headers)
return wrapper
def url_for(self, resource, **values):
"""Generates a URL to the given resource.
Works like :func:`flask.url_for`."""
endpoint = resource.endpoint
if self.blueprint:
endpoint = '{0}.{1}'.format(self.blueprint.name, endpoint)
return url_for(endpoint, **values)
def make_response(self, data, *args, **kwargs):
"""Looks up the representation transformer for the requested media
type, invoking the transformer to create a response object. This
defaults to default_mediatype if no transformer is found for the
requested mediatype. If default_mediatype is None, a 406 Not
Acceptable response will be sent as per RFC 2616 section 14.1
:param data: Python object containing response data to be transformed
"""
default_mediatype = kwargs.pop('fallback_mediatype', None) or self.default_mediatype
mediatype = request.accept_mimetypes.best_match(
self.representations,
default=default_mediatype,
)
if mediatype is None:
raise NotAcceptable()
if mediatype in self.representations:
resp = self.representations[mediatype](data, *args, **kwargs)
resp.headers['Content-Type'] = mediatype
return resp
elif mediatype == 'text/plain':
resp = original_flask_make_response(str(data), *args, **kwargs)
resp.headers['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain'
return resp
else:
raise InternalServerError()
def mediatypes(self):
"""Returns a list of requested mediatypes sent in the Accept header"""
return [h for h, q in sorted(request.accept_mimetypes,
key=operator.itemgetter(1), reverse=True)]
def representation(self, mediatype):
"""Allows additional representation transformers to be declared for the
api. Transformers are functions that must be decorated with this
method, passing the mediatype the transformer represents. Three
arguments are passed to the transformer:
* The data to be represented in the response body
* The http status code
* A dictionary of headers
The transformer should convert the data appropriately for the mediatype
and return a Flask response object.
Ex::
@api.representation('application/xml')
def xml(data, code, headers):
resp = make_response(convert_data_to_xml(data), code)
resp.headers.extend(headers)
return resp
"""
def wrapper(func):
self.representations[mediatype] = func
return func
return wrapper
def unauthorized(self, response):
""" Given a response, change it to ask for credentials """
if self.serve_challenge_on_401:
realm = current_app.config.get("HTTP_BASIC_AUTH_REALM", "flask-restful")
challenge = u"{0} realm=\"{1}\"".format("Basic", realm)
response.headers['WWW-Authenticate'] = challenge
return response
class Resource(MethodView):
"""
Represents an abstract RESTful resource. Concrete resources should
extend from this class and expose methods for each supported HTTP
method. If a resource is invoked with an unsupported HTTP method,
the API will return a response with status 405 Method Not Allowed.
Otherwise the appropriate method is called and passed all arguments
from the url rule used when adding the resource to an Api instance. See
:meth:`~flask_restful.Api.add_resource` for details.
"""
representations = None
method_decorators = []
def dispatch_request(self, *args, **kwargs):
# Taken from flask
#noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
meth = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), None)
if meth is None and request.method == 'HEAD':
meth = getattr(self, 'get', None)
assert meth is not None, 'Unimplemented method %r' % request.method
if isinstance(self.method_decorators, Mapping):
decorators = self.method_decorators.get(request.method.lower(), [])
else:
decorators = self.method_decorators
for decorator in decorators:
meth = decorator(meth)
resp = meth(*args, **kwargs)
if isinstance(resp, ResponseBase): # There may be a better way to test
return resp
representations = self.representations or OrderedDict()
#noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
mediatype = request.accept_mimetypes.best_match(representations, default=None)
if mediatype in representations:
data, code, headers = unpack(resp)
resp = representations[mediatype](data, code, headers)
resp.headers['Content-Type'] = mediatype
return resp
return resp
def marshal(data, fields, envelope=None):
"""Takes raw data (in the form of a dict, list, object) and a dict of
fields to output and filters the data based on those fields.
:param data: the actual object(s) from which the fields are taken from
:param fields: a dict of whose keys will make up the final serialized
response output
:param envelope: optional key that will be used to envelop the serialized
response
>>> from flask_restful import fields, marshal
>>> data = { 'a': 100, 'b': 'foo' }
>>> mfields = { 'a': fields.Raw }
>>> marshal(data, mfields)
OrderedDict([('a', 100)])
>>> marshal(data, mfields, envelope='data')
OrderedDict([('data', OrderedDict([('a', 100)]))])
"""
def make(cls):
if isinstance(cls, type):
return cls()
return cls
if isinstance(data, (list, tuple)):
return (OrderedDict([(envelope, [marshal(d, fields) for d in data])])
if envelope else [marshal(d, fields) for d in data])
items = ((k, marshal(data, v) if isinstance(v, dict)
else make(v).output(k, data))
for k, v in fields.items())
return OrderedDict([(envelope, OrderedDict(items))]) if envelope else OrderedDict(items)
class marshal_with(object):
"""A decorator that apply marshalling to the return values of your methods.
>>> from flask_restful import fields, marshal_with
>>> mfields = { 'a': fields.Raw }
>>> @marshal_with(mfields)
... def get():
... return { 'a': 100, 'b': 'foo' }
...
...
>>> get()
OrderedDict([('a', 100)])
>>> @marshal_with(mfields, envelope='data')
... def get():
... return { 'a': 100, 'b': 'foo' }
...
...
>>> get()
OrderedDict([('data', OrderedDict([('a', 100)]))])
see :meth:`flask_restful.marshal`
"""
def __init__(self, fields, envelope=None):
"""
:param fields: a dict of whose keys will make up the final
serialized response output
:param envelope: optional key that will be used to envelop the serialized
response
"""
self.fields = fields
self.envelope = envelope
def __call__(self, f):
@wraps(f)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
resp = f(*args, **kwargs)
if isinstance(resp, tuple):
data, code, headers = unpack(resp)
return marshal(data, self.fields, self.envelope), code, headers
else:
return marshal(resp, self.fields, self.envelope)
return wrapper
class marshal_with_field(object):
"""
A decorator that formats the return values of your methods with a single field.
>>> from flask_restful import marshal_with_field, fields
>>> @marshal_with_field(fields.List(fields.Integer))
... def get():
... return ['1', 2, 3.0]
...
>>> get()
[1, 2, 3]
see :meth:`flask_restful.marshal_with`
"""
def __init__(self, field):
"""
:param field: a single field with which to marshal the output.
"""
if isinstance(field, type):
self.field = field()
else:
self.field = field
def __call__(self, f):
@wraps(f)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
resp = f(*args, **kwargs)
if isinstance(resp, tuple):
data, code, headers = unpack(resp)
return self.field.format(data), code, headers
return self.field.format(resp)
return wrapper
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/flask_restful/__version__.py
|
#!/usr/bin/env python
__version__ = '0.3.8'
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/flask_restful/inputs.py
|
from calendar import timegm
from datetime import datetime, time, timedelta
from email.utils import parsedate_tz, mktime_tz
import re
import aniso8601
import pytz
# Constants for upgrading date-based intervals to full datetimes.
START_OF_DAY = time(0, 0, 0, tzinfo=pytz.UTC)
END_OF_DAY = time(23, 59, 59, 999999, tzinfo=pytz.UTC)
# https://code.djangoproject.com/browser/django/trunk/django/core/validators.py
# basic auth added by frank
url_regex = re.compile(
r'^(?:http|ftp)s?://' # http:// or https://
r'(?:[^:@]+?:[^:@]*?@|)' # basic auth
r'(?:(?:[A-Z0-9](?:[A-Z0-9-]{0,61}[A-Z0-9])?\.)+'
r'(?:[A-Z]{2,6}\.?|[A-Z0-9-]{2,}\.?)|' # domain...
r'localhost|' # localhost...
r'\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|' # ...or ipv4
r'\[?[A-F0-9]*:[A-F0-9:]+\]?)' # ...or ipv6
r'(?::\d+)?' # optional port
r'(?:/?|[/?]\S+)$', re.IGNORECASE)
def url(value):
"""Validate a URL.
:param string value: The URL to validate
:returns: The URL if valid.
:raises: ValueError
"""
if not url_regex.search(value):
message = u"{0} is not a valid URL".format(value)
if url_regex.search('http://' + value):
message += u". Did you mean: http://{0}".format(value)
raise ValueError(message)
return value
class regex(object):
"""Validate a string based on a regular expression.
Example::
parser = reqparse.RequestParser()
parser.add_argument('example', type=inputs.regex('^[0-9]+$'))
Input to the ``example`` argument will be rejected if it contains anything
but numbers.
:param pattern: The regular expression the input must match
:type pattern: str
:param flags: Flags to change expression behavior
:type flags: int
"""
def __init__(self, pattern, flags=0):
self.pattern = pattern
self.re = re.compile(pattern, flags)
def __call__(self, value):
if not self.re.search(value):
message = 'Value does not match pattern: "{0}"'.format(self.pattern)
raise ValueError(message)
return value
def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
return regex(self.pattern)
def _normalize_interval(start, end, value):
"""Normalize datetime intervals.
Given a pair of datetime.date or datetime.datetime objects,
returns a 2-tuple of tz-aware UTC datetimes spanning the same interval.
For datetime.date objects, the returned interval starts at 00:00:00.0
on the first date and ends at 00:00:00.0 on the second.
Naive datetimes are upgraded to UTC.
Timezone-aware datetimes are normalized to the UTC tzdata.
Params:
- start: A date or datetime
- end: A date or datetime
"""
if not isinstance(start, datetime):
start = datetime.combine(start, START_OF_DAY)
end = datetime.combine(end, START_OF_DAY)
if start.tzinfo is None:
start = pytz.UTC.localize(start)
end = pytz.UTC.localize(end)
else:
start = start.astimezone(pytz.UTC)
end = end.astimezone(pytz.UTC)
return start, end
def _expand_datetime(start, value):
if not isinstance(start, datetime):
# Expand a single date object to be the interval spanning
# that entire day.
end = start + timedelta(days=1)
else:
# Expand a datetime based on the finest resolution provided
# in the original input string.
time = value.split('T')[1]
time_without_offset = re.sub('[+-].+', '', time)
num_separators = time_without_offset.count(':')
if num_separators == 0:
# Hour resolution
end = start + timedelta(hours=1)
elif num_separators == 1:
# Minute resolution:
end = start + timedelta(minutes=1)
else:
# Second resolution
end = start + timedelta(seconds=1)
return end
def _parse_interval(value):
"""Do some nasty try/except voodoo to get some sort of datetime
object(s) out of the string.
"""
try:
return sorted(aniso8601.parse_interval(value))
except ValueError:
try:
return aniso8601.parse_datetime(value), None
except ValueError:
return aniso8601.parse_date(value), None
def iso8601interval(value, argument='argument'):
"""Parses ISO 8601-formatted datetime intervals into tuples of datetimes.
Accepts both a single date(time) or a full interval using either start/end
or start/duration notation, with the following behavior:
- Intervals are defined as inclusive start, exclusive end
- Single datetimes are translated into the interval spanning the
largest resolution not specified in the input value, up to the day.
- The smallest accepted resolution is 1 second.
- All timezones are accepted as values; returned datetimes are
localized to UTC. Naive inputs and date inputs will are assumed UTC.
Examples::
"2013-01-01" -> datetime(2013, 1, 1), datetime(2013, 1, 2)
"2013-01-01T12" -> datetime(2013, 1, 1, 12), datetime(2013, 1, 1, 13)
"2013-01-01/2013-02-28" -> datetime(2013, 1, 1), datetime(2013, 2, 28)
"2013-01-01/P3D" -> datetime(2013, 1, 1), datetime(2013, 1, 4)
"2013-01-01T12:00/PT30M" -> datetime(2013, 1, 1, 12), datetime(2013, 1, 1, 12, 30)
"2013-01-01T06:00/2013-01-01T12:00" -> datetime(2013, 1, 1, 6), datetime(2013, 1, 1, 12)
:param str value: The ISO8601 date time as a string
:return: Two UTC datetimes, the start and the end of the specified interval
:rtype: A tuple (datetime, datetime)
:raises: ValueError, if the interval is invalid.
"""
try:
start, end = _parse_interval(value)
if end is None:
end = _expand_datetime(start, value)
start, end = _normalize_interval(start, end, value)
except ValueError:
raise ValueError(
"Invalid {arg}: {value}. {arg} must be a valid ISO8601 "
"date/time interval.".format(arg=argument, value=value),
)
return start, end
def date(value):
"""Parse a valid looking date in the format YYYY-mm-dd"""
date = datetime.strptime(value, "%Y-%m-%d")
return date
def _get_integer(value):
try:
return int(value)
except (TypeError, ValueError):
raise ValueError('{0} is not a valid integer'.format(value))
def natural(value, argument='argument'):
""" Restrict input type to the natural numbers (0, 1, 2, 3...) """
value = _get_integer(value)
if value < 0:
error = ('Invalid {arg}: {value}. {arg} must be a non-negative '
'integer'.format(arg=argument, value=value))
raise ValueError(error)
return value
def positive(value, argument='argument'):
""" Restrict input type to the positive integers (1, 2, 3...) """
value = _get_integer(value)
if value < 1:
error = ('Invalid {arg}: {value}. {arg} must be a positive '
'integer'.format(arg=argument, value=value))
raise ValueError(error)
return value
class int_range(object):
""" Restrict input to an integer in a range (inclusive) """
def __init__(self, low, high, argument='argument'):
self.low = low
self.high = high
self.argument = argument
def __call__(self, value):
value = _get_integer(value)
if value < self.low or value > self.high:
error = ('Invalid {arg}: {val}. {arg} must be within the range {lo} - {hi}'
.format(arg=self.argument, val=value, lo=self.low, hi=self.high))
raise ValueError(error)
return value
def boolean(value):
"""Parse the string ``"true"`` or ``"false"`` as a boolean (case
insensitive). Also accepts ``"1"`` and ``"0"`` as ``True``/``False``
(respectively). If the input is from the request JSON body, the type is
already a native python boolean, and will be passed through without
further parsing.
"""
if isinstance(value, bool):
return value
if not value:
raise ValueError("boolean type must be non-null")
value = value.lower()
if value in ('true', '1',):
return True
if value in ('false', '0',):
return False
raise ValueError("Invalid literal for boolean(): {0}".format(value))
def datetime_from_rfc822(datetime_str):
"""Turns an RFC822 formatted date into a datetime object.
Example::
inputs.datetime_from_rfc822("Wed, 02 Oct 2002 08:00:00 EST")
:param datetime_str: The RFC822-complying string to transform
:type datetime_str: str
:return: A datetime
"""
return datetime.fromtimestamp(mktime_tz(parsedate_tz(datetime_str)), pytz.utc)
def datetime_from_iso8601(datetime_str):
"""Turns an ISO8601 formatted date into a datetime object.
Example::
inputs.datetime_from_iso8601("2012-01-01T23:30:00+02:00")
:param datetime_str: The ISO8601-complying string to transform
:type datetime_str: str
:return: A datetime
"""
return aniso8601.parse_datetime(datetime_str)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/flask_restful
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/flask_restful/representations/__init__.py
| 0 |
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/flask_restful
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/flask_restful/representations/json.py
|
from __future__ import absolute_import
from flask import make_response, current_app
from flask_restful.utils import PY3
from json import dumps
def output_json(data, code, headers=None):
"""Makes a Flask response with a JSON encoded body"""
settings = current_app.config.get('RESTFUL_JSON', {})
# If we're in debug mode, and the indent is not set, we set it to a
# reasonable value here. Note that this won't override any existing value
# that was set. We also set the "sort_keys" value.
if current_app.debug:
settings.setdefault('indent', 4)
settings.setdefault('sort_keys', not PY3)
# always end the json dumps with a new line
# see https://github.com/mitsuhiko/flask/pull/1262
dumped = dumps(data, **settings) + "\n"
resp = make_response(dumped, code)
resp.headers.extend(headers or {})
return resp
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/flask_restful
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/flask_restful/utils/cors.py
|
from datetime import timedelta
from flask import make_response, request, current_app
from functools import update_wrapper
def crossdomain(origin=None, methods=None, headers=None, expose_headers=None,
max_age=21600, attach_to_all=True,
automatic_options=True, credentials=False):
"""
http://flask.pocoo.org/snippets/56/
"""
if methods is not None:
methods = ', '.join(sorted(x.upper() for x in methods))
if headers is not None and not isinstance(headers, str):
headers = ', '.join(x.upper() for x in headers)
if expose_headers is not None and not isinstance(expose_headers, str):
expose_headers = ', '.join(x.upper() for x in expose_headers)
if not isinstance(origin, str):
origin = ', '.join(origin)
if isinstance(max_age, timedelta):
max_age = max_age.total_seconds()
def get_methods():
if methods is not None:
return methods
options_resp = current_app.make_default_options_response()
return options_resp.headers['allow']
def decorator(f):
def wrapped_function(*args, **kwargs):
if automatic_options and request.method == 'OPTIONS':
resp = current_app.make_default_options_response()
else:
resp = make_response(f(*args, **kwargs))
if not attach_to_all and request.method != 'OPTIONS':
return resp
h = resp.headers
h['Access-Control-Allow-Origin'] = origin
h['Access-Control-Allow-Methods'] = get_methods()
h['Access-Control-Max-Age'] = str(max_age)
if credentials:
h['Access-Control-Allow-Credentials'] = 'true'
if headers is not None:
h['Access-Control-Allow-Headers'] = headers
if expose_headers is not None:
h['Access-Control-Expose-Headers'] = expose_headers
return resp
f.provide_automatic_options = False
return update_wrapper(wrapped_function, f)
return decorator
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/flask_restful
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/flask_restful/utils/__init__.py
|
import sys
try:
from collections.abc import OrderedDict
except ImportError:
from collections import OrderedDict
from werkzeug.http import HTTP_STATUS_CODES
PY3 = sys.version_info > (3,)
def http_status_message(code):
"""Maps an HTTP status code to the textual status"""
return HTTP_STATUS_CODES.get(code, '')
def unpack(value):
"""Return a three tuple of data, code, and headers"""
if not isinstance(value, tuple):
return value, 200, {}
try:
data, code, headers = value
return data, code, headers
except ValueError:
pass
try:
data, code = value
return data, code, {}
except ValueError:
pass
return value, 200, {}
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/flask_restful
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/flask_restful/utils/crypto.py
|
import pickle
from Crypto.Cipher import AES
from base64 import b64encode, b64decode
__all__ = "encrypt", "decrypt"
BLOCK_SIZE = 16
INTERRUPT = b'\0' # something impossible to put in a string
PADDING = b'\1'
def pad(data):
return data + INTERRUPT + PADDING * (BLOCK_SIZE - (len(data) + 1) % BLOCK_SIZE)
def strip(data):
return data.rstrip(PADDING).rstrip(INTERRUPT)
def create_cipher(key, seed):
if len(seed) != 16:
raise ValueError("Choose a seed of 16 bytes")
if len(key) != 32:
raise ValueError("Choose a key of 32 bytes")
return AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CBC, seed)
def encrypt(plaintext_data, key, seed):
plaintext_data = pickle.dumps(plaintext_data, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL) # whatever you give me I need to be able to restitute it
return b64encode(create_cipher(key, seed).encrypt(pad(plaintext_data)))
def decrypt(encrypted_data, key, seed):
return pickle.loads(strip(create_cipher(key, seed).decrypt(b64decode(encrypted_data))))
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/click-7.1.2.dist-info/RECORD
|
click-7.1.2.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
click-7.1.2.dist-info/LICENSE.rst,sha256=morRBqOU6FO_4h9C9OctWSgZoigF2ZG18ydQKSkrZY0,1475
click-7.1.2.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=LrRgakZKV7Yg3qJqX_plu2WhFW81MzP3EqQmZhHIO8M,2868
click-7.1.2.dist-info/RECORD,,
click-7.1.2.dist-info/REQUESTED,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
click-7.1.2.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=kGT74LWyRUZrL4VgLh6_g12IeVl_9u9ZVhadrgXZUEY,110
click-7.1.2.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=J1ZQogalYS4pphY_lPECoNMfw0HzTSrZglC4Yfwo4xA,6
click/__init__.py,sha256=FkyGDQ-cbiQxP_lxgUspyFYS48f2S_pTcfKPz-d_RMo,2463
click/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-39.pyc,,
click/__pycache__/_bashcomplete.cpython-39.pyc,,
click/__pycache__/_compat.cpython-39.pyc,,
click/__pycache__/_termui_impl.cpython-39.pyc,,
click/__pycache__/_textwrap.cpython-39.pyc,,
click/__pycache__/_unicodefun.cpython-39.pyc,,
click/__pycache__/_winconsole.cpython-39.pyc,,
click/__pycache__/core.cpython-39.pyc,,
click/__pycache__/decorators.cpython-39.pyc,,
click/__pycache__/exceptions.cpython-39.pyc,,
click/__pycache__/formatting.cpython-39.pyc,,
click/__pycache__/globals.cpython-39.pyc,,
click/__pycache__/parser.cpython-39.pyc,,
click/__pycache__/termui.cpython-39.pyc,,
click/__pycache__/testing.cpython-39.pyc,,
click/__pycache__/types.cpython-39.pyc,,
click/__pycache__/utils.cpython-39.pyc,,
click/_bashcomplete.py,sha256=9J98IHQYmCAr2Jup6TDshUr5FJEen-AoQCZR0K5nKxQ,12309
click/_compat.py,sha256=AoMaYnZ-3pwtNXuHtlb6_UXsayoG0QZiHKIRy2VFezc,24169
click/_termui_impl.py,sha256=yNktUMAdjYOU1HMkq915jR3zgAzUNtGSQqSTSSMn3eQ,20702
click/_textwrap.py,sha256=ajCzkzFly5tjm9foQ5N9_MOeaYJMBjAltuFa69n4iXY,1197
click/_unicodefun.py,sha256=apLSNEBZgUsQNPMUv072zJ1swqnm0dYVT5TqcIWTt6w,4201
click/_winconsole.py,sha256=6YDu6Rq1Wxx4w9uinBMK2LHvP83aerZM9GQurlk3QDo,10010
click/core.py,sha256=V6DJzastGhrC6WTDwV9MSLwcJUdX2Uf1ypmgkjBdn_Y,77650
click/decorators.py,sha256=3TvEO_BkaHl7k6Eh1G5eC7JK4LKPdpFqH9JP0QDyTlM,11215
click/exceptions.py,sha256=3pQAyyMFzx5A3eV0Y27WtDTyGogZRbrC6_o5DjjKBbw,8118
click/formatting.py,sha256=Wb4gqFEpWaKPgAbOvnkCl8p-bEZx5KpM5ZSByhlnJNk,9281
click/globals.py,sha256=ht7u2kUGI08pAarB4e4yC8Lkkxy6gJfRZyzxEj8EbWQ,1501
click/parser.py,sha256=mFK-k58JtPpqO0AC36WAr0t5UfzEw1mvgVSyn7WCe9M,15691
click/termui.py,sha256=G7QBEKIepRIGLvNdGwBTYiEtSImRxvTO_AglVpyHH2s,23998
click/testing.py,sha256=EUEsDUqNXFgCLhZ0ZFOROpaVDA5I_rijwnNPE6qICgA,12854
click/types.py,sha256=wuubik4VqgqAw5dvbYFkDt-zSAx97y9TQXuXcVaRyQA,25045
click/utils.py,sha256=4VEcJ7iEHwjnFuzEuRtkT99o5VG3zqSD7Q2CVzv13WU,15940
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/click-7.1.2.dist-info/WHEEL
|
Wheel-Version: 1.0
Generator: bdist_wheel (0.34.2)
Root-Is-Purelib: true
Tag: py2-none-any
Tag: py3-none-any
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/click-7.1.2.dist-info/LICENSE.rst
|
Copyright 2014 Pallets
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/click-7.1.2.dist-info/top_level.txt
|
click
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/click-7.1.2.dist-info/INSTALLER
|
pip
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/click-7.1.2.dist-info/METADATA
|
Metadata-Version: 2.1
Name: click
Version: 7.1.2
Summary: Composable command line interface toolkit
Home-page: https://palletsprojects.com/p/click/
Maintainer: Pallets
Maintainer-email: contact@palletsprojects.com
License: BSD-3-Clause
Project-URL: Documentation, https://click.palletsprojects.com/
Project-URL: Code, https://github.com/pallets/click
Project-URL: Issue tracker, https://github.com/pallets/click/issues
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Requires-Python: >=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*, !=3.4.*
\$ click\_
==========
Click is a Python package for creating beautiful command line interfaces
in a composable way with as little code as necessary. It's the "Command
Line Interface Creation Kit". It's highly configurable but comes with
sensible defaults out of the box.
It aims to make the process of writing command line tools quick and fun
while also preventing any frustration caused by the inability to
implement an intended CLI API.
Click in three points:
- Arbitrary nesting of commands
- Automatic help page generation
- Supports lazy loading of subcommands at runtime
Installing
----------
Install and update using `pip`_:
.. code-block:: text
$ pip install -U click
.. _pip: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/quickstart/
A Simple Example
----------------
.. code-block:: python
import click
@click.command()
@click.option("--count", default=1, help="Number of greetings.")
@click.option("--name", prompt="Your name", help="The person to greet.")
def hello(count, name):
"""Simple program that greets NAME for a total of COUNT times."""
for _ in range(count):
click.echo(f"Hello, {name}!")
if __name__ == '__main__':
hello()
.. code-block:: text
$ python hello.py --count=3
Your name: Click
Hello, Click!
Hello, Click!
Hello, Click!
Donate
------
The Pallets organization develops and supports Click and other popular
packages. In order to grow the community of contributors and users, and
allow the maintainers to devote more time to the projects, `please
donate today`_.
.. _please donate today: https://palletsprojects.com/donate
Links
-----
- Website: https://palletsprojects.com/p/click/
- Documentation: https://click.palletsprojects.com/
- Releases: https://pypi.org/project/click/
- Code: https://github.com/pallets/click
- Issue tracker: https://github.com/pallets/click/issues
- Test status: https://dev.azure.com/pallets/click/_build
- Official chat: https://discord.gg/t6rrQZH
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/aniso8601-8.0.0.dist-info/RECORD
|
aniso8601-8.0.0.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
aniso8601-8.0.0.dist-info/LICENSE,sha256=_4-36Mju5uzbMHe1eLOXOuwIXiA7ugYNCjZLFS78c7E,1501
aniso8601-8.0.0.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=I7aDyEj9IaUZqhV1GpJXZuKCpHtN2AaG_iOrVwFizr0,17682
aniso8601-8.0.0.dist-info/RECORD,,
aniso8601-8.0.0.dist-info/REQUESTED,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
aniso8601-8.0.0.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=HX-v9-noUkyUoxyZ1PMSuS7auUxDAR4VBdoYLqD0xws,110
aniso8601-8.0.0.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=MVQomyeED8nGIH7PUQdMzxgLppIB48oYHtcmL17ETB0,10
aniso8601/__init__.py,sha256=2kR6ejtLWMAYh2SEGNAI9u9B0kHzyrPLemgY1T1I2rI,527
aniso8601/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-39.pyc,,
aniso8601/__pycache__/compat.cpython-39.pyc,,
aniso8601/__pycache__/date.cpython-39.pyc,,
aniso8601/__pycache__/decimalfraction.cpython-39.pyc,,
aniso8601/__pycache__/duration.cpython-39.pyc,,
aniso8601/__pycache__/exceptions.cpython-39.pyc,,
aniso8601/__pycache__/interval.cpython-39.pyc,,
aniso8601/__pycache__/resolution.cpython-39.pyc,,
aniso8601/__pycache__/time.cpython-39.pyc,,
aniso8601/__pycache__/timezone.cpython-39.pyc,,
aniso8601/__pycache__/utcoffset.cpython-39.pyc,,
aniso8601/builders/__init__.py,sha256=xopOoBTrP3OWHQjIq2r5krXPxAY_ZZMbzMC_xTJ9SP4,4355
aniso8601/builders/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-39.pyc,,
aniso8601/builders/__pycache__/python.cpython-39.pyc,,
aniso8601/builders/python.py,sha256=0qWXgssqE1b6JUVQj3Dh2JVfHO52CZOQmwahjqVfOuo,17874
aniso8601/builders/tests/__init__.py,sha256=fTze-wZVwlWm5PQ3JwVFQB4_sUA8VYc5xAUlpuJXyF8,209
aniso8601/builders/tests/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-39.pyc,,
aniso8601/builders/tests/__pycache__/test_init.cpython-39.pyc,,
aniso8601/builders/tests/__pycache__/test_python.cpython-39.pyc,,
aniso8601/builders/tests/test_init.py,sha256=sUj_AFcflZ14qzyvcNSQCZ_gZyiel4GH3Hl9pUbR9g4,19811
aniso8601/builders/tests/test_python.py,sha256=F8qLx5Aer52HrpFL1aVUWPJWIqXyMjZ0yR1bt2TBvH0,56546
aniso8601/compat.py,sha256=yIFLFZPynvlbkP-VxVgl-zMIixHMMA70TQ2XPrA-8Uo,305
aniso8601/date.py,sha256=YmLON2OvH44VxnNpiof_XVLpbeq0FTLEzBlApJ9KOJk,6799
aniso8601/decimalfraction.py,sha256=CZjkhnvWTwr8P6SyXYRG4VDVKtBGRcrr6Agvmh2xfmA,470
aniso8601/duration.py,sha256=cr5eUM1H5jDxumpgui2cgMQrHTqqcHO_-yhQbHJn1Cs,10239
aniso8601/exceptions.py,sha256=meiF5CfDPI4kAXhWdtqNPdvr-A2SsgtFqrevUxV2nLQ,1182
aniso8601/interval.py,sha256=STbdtAsF301tcMczP7WW9eTSyeakI_Hme6kITFeUXrI,6467
aniso8601/resolution.py,sha256=-9bOvUPBfRikQW8eEqWcdJGmaG8wmOmfLvKPI7-Kw-k,422
aniso8601/tests/__init__.py,sha256=fTze-wZVwlWm5PQ3JwVFQB4_sUA8VYc5xAUlpuJXyF8,209
aniso8601/tests/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-39.pyc,,
aniso8601/tests/__pycache__/compat.cpython-39.pyc,,
aniso8601/tests/__pycache__/test_date.cpython-39.pyc,,
aniso8601/tests/__pycache__/test_decimalfraction.cpython-39.pyc,,
aniso8601/tests/__pycache__/test_duration.cpython-39.pyc,,
aniso8601/tests/__pycache__/test_init.cpython-39.pyc,,
aniso8601/tests/__pycache__/test_interval.cpython-39.pyc,,
aniso8601/tests/__pycache__/test_time.cpython-39.pyc,,
aniso8601/tests/__pycache__/test_timezone.cpython-39.pyc,,
aniso8601/tests/__pycache__/test_utcoffset.cpython-39.pyc,,
aniso8601/tests/compat.py,sha256=WAdb3CjQdWVWfPE4beKKZNONXmjZ4FRPOtVaHODB6lQ,314
aniso8601/tests/test_date.py,sha256=esYbP_xelmjH6KCmTezPPQkLSV5AzzD822Z1voTAYHA,7867
aniso8601/tests/test_decimalfraction.py,sha256=xG3VcJxr62aiduE8qw5_n3NHz26xBC4a2kKmgkcnvE4,839
aniso8601/tests/test_duration.py,sha256=X4W5VfI_ObOXGlekBj58IGXEU2PdHBRpfn46H1xoryo,24588
aniso8601/tests/test_init.py,sha256=mvWz-CjIwdhebTebs4ndb3Ib-JqvuWreAYt5Gz7bXQk,1198
aniso8601/tests/test_interval.py,sha256=8YDuBCBr4NwhkpQU9UzNncl4N7fnERvujdK5d6hNDhs,33730
aniso8601/tests/test_time.py,sha256=niQ5Bn5nFQMhBqM9MIjYOAeS6dabdjVKewOxmUpEkGU,22844
aniso8601/tests/test_timezone.py,sha256=dvJJS_XShCiNYCRdUr_E2G3DwgeNh9QsfPtUFe_korI,5130
aniso8601/tests/test_utcoffset.py,sha256=SXCGYLo4F5zSqD3Y269KaIqZssWzAxAw7iCaAUA43Lk,1947
aniso8601/time.py,sha256=Iuagso7Zl4i599AVNJWhM3qpD1ddXDKs4EWBI3fnP2c,5159
aniso8601/timezone.py,sha256=uS3EcImNjtasdEDyG7h5gHxWVXBtvAN_7jPz3MzK2G4,2055
aniso8601/utcoffset.py,sha256=F9f2dyA7IHvuxtgBYr6v2Hwyt-u6YNxfjEh8YK0x6-k,2671
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/aniso8601-8.0.0.dist-info/LICENSE
|
Copyright (c) 2019, Brandon Nielsen
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors
may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/aniso8601-8.0.0.dist-info/WHEEL
|
Wheel-Version: 1.0
Generator: bdist_wheel (0.33.1)
Root-Is-Purelib: true
Tag: py2-none-any
Tag: py3-none-any
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/aniso8601-8.0.0.dist-info/top_level.txt
|
aniso8601
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/aniso8601-8.0.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
|
pip
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/aniso8601-8.0.0.dist-info/METADATA
|
Metadata-Version: 2.1
Name: aniso8601
Version: 8.0.0
Summary: A library for parsing ISO 8601 strings.
Home-page: https://bitbucket.org/nielsenb/aniso8601
Author: Brandon Nielsen
Author-email: nielsenb@jetfuse.net
License: UNKNOWN
Project-URL: Documentation, https://aniso8601.readthedocs.io/
Project-URL: Source, https://bitbucket.org/nielsenb/aniso8601
Project-URL: Tracker, https://bitbucket.org/nielsenb/aniso8601/issues
Keywords: iso8601 parser
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
aniso8601
=========
Another ISO 8601 parser for Python
----------------------------------
Features
========
* Pure Python implementation
* Python 3 support
* Logical behavior
- Parse a time, get a `datetime.time <http://docs.python.org/2/library/datetime.html#datetime.time>`_
- Parse a date, get a `datetime.date <http://docs.python.org/2/library/datetime.html#datetime.date>`_
- Parse a datetime, get a `datetime.datetime <http://docs.python.org/2/library/datetime.html#datetime.datetime>`_
- Parse a duration, get a `datetime.timedelta <http://docs.python.org/2/library/datetime.html#datetime.timedelta>`_
- Parse an interval, get a tuple of dates or datetimes
- Parse a repeating interval, get a date or datetime `generator <http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0255/>`_
* UTC offset represented as fixed-offset tzinfo
* Parser separate from representation, allowing parsing to different datetime formats
* No regular expressions
Installation
============
The recommended installation method is to use pip::
$ pip install aniso8601
Alternatively, you can download the source (git repository hosted at `Bitbucket <https://bitbucket.org/nielsenb/aniso8601>`_) and install directly::
$ python setup.py install
Use
===
Parsing datetimes
-----------------
To parse a typical ISO 8601 datetime string::
>>> import aniso8601
>>> aniso8601.parse_datetime('1977-06-10T12:00:00Z')
datetime.datetime(1977, 6, 10, 12, 0, tzinfo=+0:00:00 UTC)
Alternative delimiters can be specified, for example, a space::
>>> aniso8601.parse_datetime('1977-06-10 12:00:00Z', delimiter=' ')
datetime.datetime(1977, 6, 10, 12, 0, tzinfo=+0:00:00 UTC)
UTC offsets are supported::
>>> aniso8601.parse_datetime('1979-06-05T08:00:00-08:00')
datetime.datetime(1979, 6, 5, 8, 0, tzinfo=-8:00:00 UTC)
If a UTC offset is not specified, the returned datetime will be naive::
>>> aniso8601.parse_datetime('1983-01-22T08:00:00')
datetime.datetime(1983, 1, 22, 8, 0)
Leap seconds are currently not supported and attempting to parse one raises a :code:`LeapSecondError`::
>>> aniso8601.parse_datetime('2018-03-06T23:59:60')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "aniso8601/time.py", line 131, in parse_datetime
return builder.build_datetime(datepart, timepart)
File "aniso8601/builder.py", line 300, in build_datetime
cls._build_object(time))
File "aniso8601/builder.py", line 71, in _build_object
ss=parsetuple[2], tz=parsetuple[3])
File "aniso8601/builder.py", line 253, in build_time
raise LeapSecondError('Leap seconds are not supported.')
aniso8601.exceptions.LeapSecondError: Leap seconds are not supported.
Parsing dates
-------------
To parse a date represented in an ISO 8601 string::
>>> import aniso8601
>>> aniso8601.parse_date('1984-04-23')
datetime.date(1984, 4, 23)
Basic format is supported as well::
>>> aniso8601.parse_date('19840423')
datetime.date(1984, 4, 23)
To parse a date using the ISO 8601 week date format::
>>> aniso8601.parse_date('1986-W38-1')
datetime.date(1986, 9, 15)
To parse an ISO 8601 ordinal date::
>>> aniso8601.parse_date('1988-132')
datetime.date(1988, 5, 11)
Parsing times
-------------
To parse a time formatted as an ISO 8601 string::
>>> import aniso8601
>>> aniso8601.parse_time('11:31:14')
datetime.time(11, 31, 14)
As with all of the above, basic format is supported::
>>> aniso8601.parse_time('113114')
datetime.time(11, 31, 14)
A UTC offset can be specified for times::
>>> aniso8601.parse_time('17:18:19-02:30')
datetime.time(17, 18, 19, tzinfo=-2:30:00 UTC)
>>> aniso8601.parse_time('171819Z')
datetime.time(17, 18, 19, tzinfo=+0:00:00 UTC)
Reduced accuracy is supported::
>>> aniso8601.parse_time('21:42')
datetime.time(21, 42)
>>> aniso8601.parse_time('22')
datetime.time(22, 0)
A decimal fraction is always allowed on the lowest order element of an ISO 8601 formatted time::
>>> aniso8601.parse_time('22:33.5')
datetime.time(22, 33, 30)
>>> aniso8601.parse_time('23.75')
datetime.time(23, 45)
The decimal fraction can be specified with a comma instead of a full-stop::
>>> aniso8601.parse_time('22:33,5')
datetime.time(22, 33, 30)
>>> aniso8601.parse_time('23,75')
datetime.time(23, 45)
Leap seconds are currently not supported and attempting to parse one raises a :code:`LeapSecondError`::
>>> aniso8601.parse_time('23:59:60')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "aniso8601/time.py", line 116, in parse_time
return _RESOLUTION_MAP[get_time_resolution(timestr)](timestr, tz, builder)
File "aniso8601/time.py", line 165, in _parse_second_time
return builder.build_time(hh=hourstr, mm=minutestr, ss=secondstr, tz=tz)
File "aniso8601/builder.py", line 253, in build_time
raise LeapSecondError('Leap seconds are not supported.')
aniso8601.exceptions.LeapSecondError: Leap seconds are not supported.
Parsing durations
-----------------
To parse a duration formatted as an ISO 8601 string::
>>> import aniso8601
>>> aniso8601.parse_duration('P1Y2M3DT4H54M6S')
datetime.timedelta(428, 17646)
Reduced accuracy is supported::
>>> aniso8601.parse_duration('P1Y')
datetime.timedelta(365)
A decimal fraction is allowed on the lowest order element::
>>> aniso8601.parse_duration('P1YT3.5M')
datetime.timedelta(365, 210)
The decimal fraction can be specified with a comma instead of a full-stop::
>>> aniso8601.parse_duration('P1YT3,5M')
datetime.timedelta(365, 210)
Parsing a duration from a combined date and time is supported as well::
>>> aniso8601.parse_duration('P0001-01-02T01:30:5')
datetime.timedelta(397, 5405)
Parsing intervals
-----------------
To parse an interval specified by a start and end::
>>> import aniso8601
>>> aniso8601.parse_interval('2007-03-01T13:00:00/2008-05-11T15:30:00')
(datetime.datetime(2007, 3, 1, 13, 0), datetime.datetime(2008, 5, 11, 15, 30))
Intervals specified by a start time and a duration are supported::
>>> aniso8601.parse_interval('2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/P1Y2M10DT2H30M')
(datetime.datetime(2007, 3, 1, 13, 0, tzinfo=+0:00:00 UTC), datetime.datetime(2008, 5, 9, 15, 30, tzinfo=+0:00:00 UTC))
A duration can also be specified by a duration and end time::
>>> aniso8601.parse_interval('P1M/1981-04-05')
(datetime.date(1981, 4, 5), datetime.date(1981, 3, 6))
Notice that the result of the above parse is not in order from earliest to latest. If sorted intervals are required, simply use the :code:`sorted` keyword as shown below::
>>> sorted(aniso8601.parse_interval('P1M/1981-04-05'))
[datetime.date(1981, 3, 6), datetime.date(1981, 4, 5)]
The end of an interval is returned as a datetime when required to maintain the resolution specified by a duration, even if the duration start is given as a date::
>>> aniso8601.parse_interval('2014-11-12/PT4H54M6.5S')
(datetime.date(2014, 11, 12), datetime.datetime(2014, 11, 12, 4, 54, 6, 500000))
>>> aniso8601.parse_interval('2007-03-01/P1.5D')
(datetime.date(2007, 3, 1), datetime.datetime(2007, 3, 2, 12, 0))
Repeating intervals are supported as well, and return a generator::
>>> aniso8601.parse_repeating_interval('R3/1981-04-05/P1D')
<generator object _date_generator at 0x7fd800d3b320>
>>> list(aniso8601.parse_repeating_interval('R3/1981-04-05/P1D'))
[datetime.date(1981, 4, 5), datetime.date(1981, 4, 6), datetime.date(1981, 4, 7)]
Repeating intervals are allowed to go in the reverse direction::
>>> list(aniso8601.parse_repeating_interval('R2/PT1H2M/1980-03-05T01:01:00'))
[datetime.datetime(1980, 3, 5, 1, 1), datetime.datetime(1980, 3, 4, 23, 59)]
Unbounded intervals are also allowed (Python 2)::
>>> result = aniso8601.parse_repeating_interval('R/PT1H2M/1980-03-05T01:01:00')
>>> result.next()
datetime.datetime(1980, 3, 5, 1, 1)
>>> result.next()
datetime.datetime(1980, 3, 4, 23, 59)
or for Python 3::
>>> result = aniso8601.parse_repeating_interval('R/PT1H2M/1980-03-05T01:01:00')
>>> next(result)
datetime.datetime(1980, 3, 5, 1, 1)
>>> next(result)
datetime.datetime(1980, 3, 4, 23, 59)
Note that you should never try to convert a generator produced by an unbounded interval to a list::
>>> list(aniso8601.parse_repeating_interval('R/PT1H2M/1980-03-05T01:01:00'))
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "aniso8601/builders/python.py", line 463, in _date_generator_unbounded
currentdate += timedelta
OverflowError: date value out of range
Date and time resolution
------------------------
In some situations, it may be useful to figure out the resolution provided by an ISO 8601 date or time string. Two functions are provided for this purpose.
To get the resolution of a ISO 8601 time string::
>>> aniso8601.get_time_resolution('11:31:14') == aniso8601.resolution.TimeResolution.Seconds
True
>>> aniso8601.get_time_resolution('11:31') == aniso8601.resolution.TimeResolution.Minutes
True
>>> aniso8601.get_time_resolution('11') == aniso8601.resolution.TimeResolution.Hours
True
Similarly, for an ISO 8601 date string::
>>> aniso8601.get_date_resolution('1981-04-05') == aniso8601.resolution.DateResolution.Day
True
>>> aniso8601.get_date_resolution('1981-04') == aniso8601.resolution.DateResolution.Month
True
>>> aniso8601.get_date_resolution('1981') == aniso8601.resolution.DateResolution.Year
True
Builders
========
Builders can be used to change the output format of a parse operation. All parse functions have a :code:`builder` keyword argument which accepts a builder class.
Two builders are included. The :code:`PythonTimeBuilder` (the default) in the :code:`aniso8601.builders.python` module, and the :code:`TupleBuilder` which returns the parse result as a tuple of strings and is located in the :code:`aniso8601.builders` module.
The following builders are available as separate projects:
* `RelativeTimeBuilder <https://bitbucket.org/nielsenb/relativetimebuilder>`_ supports parsing to `datetutil relativedelta types <https://dateutil.readthedocs.io/en/stable/relativedelta.html>`_ for calendar level accuracy
* `AttoTimeBuilder <https://bitbucket.org/nielsenb/attotimebuilder>`_ supports parsing directly to `attotime attodatetime and attotimedelta types <https://bitbucket.org/nielsenb/attotime>`_ which support sub-nanosecond precision
* `NumPyTimeBuilder <https://bitbucket.org/nielsenb/numpytimebuilder>`_ supports parsing directly to `NumPy datetime64 and timedelta64 types <https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/arrays.datetime.html>`_
TupleBuilder
------------
The :code:`TupleBuilder` returns parse results as tuples of strings. It is located in the :code:`aniso8601.builders` module.
Datetimes
^^^^^^^^^
Parsing a datetime returns a tuple containing a date tuple as a collection of strings, a time tuple as a collection of strings, and the 'datetime' string. The date tuple contains the following parse components: :code:`(YYYY, MM, DD, Www, D, DDD, 'date')`. The time tuple contains the following parse components :code:`(hh, mm, ss, tz, 'time')`, where :code:`tz` is a tuple with the following components :code:`(negative, Z, hh, mm, name, 'timezone')` with :code:`negative` and :code:`Z` being booleans::
>>> import aniso8601
>>> from aniso8601.builders import TupleBuilder
>>> aniso8601.parse_datetime('1977-06-10T12:00:00', builder=TupleBuilder)
(('1977', '06', '10', None, None, None, 'date'), ('12', '00', '00', None, 'time'), 'datetime')
>>> aniso8601.parse_datetime('1979-06-05T08:00:00-08:00', builder=TupleBuilder)
(('1979', '06', '05', None, None, None, 'date'), ('08', '00', '00', (True, None, '08', '00', '-08:00', 'timezone'), 'time'), 'datetime')
Dates
^^^^^
Parsing a date returns a tuple containing the following parse components: :code:`(YYYY, MM, DD, Www, D, DDD, 'date')`::
>>> import aniso8601
>>> from aniso8601.builders import TupleBuilder
>>> aniso8601.parse_date('1984-04-23', builder=TupleBuilder)
('1984', '04', '23', None, None, None, 'date')
>>> aniso8601.parse_date('1986-W38-1', builder=TupleBuilder)
('1986', None, None, '38', '1', None, 'date')
>>> aniso8601.parse_date('1988-132', builder=TupleBuilder)
('1988', None, None, None, None, '132', 'date')
Times
^^^^^
Parsing a time returns a tuple containing following parse components: :code:`(hh, mm, ss, tz, 'time')`, where :code:`tz` is a tuple with the following components :code:`(negative, Z, hh, mm, name, 'timezone')` with :code:`negative` and :code:`Z` being booleans::
>>> import aniso8601
>>> from aniso8601.builders import TupleBuilder
>>> aniso8601.parse_time('11:31:14', builder=TupleBuilder)
('11', '31', '14', None, 'time')
>>> aniso8601.parse_time('171819Z', builder=TupleBuilder)
('17', '18', '19', (False, True, None, None, 'Z', 'timezone'), 'time')
>>> aniso8601.parse_time('17:18:19-02:30', builder=TupleBuilder)
('17', '18', '19', (True, None, '02', '30', '-02:30', 'timezone'), 'time')
Durations
^^^^^^^^^
Parsing a duration returns a tuple containing the following parse components: :code:`(PnY, PnM, PnW, PnD, TnH, TnM, TnS, 'duration')`::
>>> import aniso8601
>>> from aniso8601.builders import TupleBuilder
>>> aniso8601.parse_duration('P1Y2M3DT4H54M6S', builder=TupleBuilder)
('1', '2', None, '3', '4', '54', '6', 'duration')
>>> aniso8601.parse_duration('P7W', builder=TupleBuilder)
(None, None, '7', None, None, None, None, 'duration')
Intervals
^^^^^^^^^
Parsing an interval returns a tuple containing the following parse components: :code:`(start, end, duration, 'interval')`, :code:`start` and :code:`end` may both be datetime or date tuples, :code:`duration` is a duration tuple::
>>> import aniso8601
>>> from aniso8601.builders import TupleBuilder
>>> aniso8601.parse_interval('2007-03-01T13:00:00/2008-05-11T15:30:00', builder=TupleBuilder)
((('2007', '03', '01', None, None, None, 'date'), ('13', '00', '00', None, 'time'), 'datetime'), (('2008', '05', '11', None, None, None, 'date'), ('15', '30', '00', None, 'time'), 'datetime'), None, 'interval')
>>> aniso8601.parse_interval('2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/P1Y2M10DT2H30M', builder=TupleBuilder)
((('2007', '03', '01', None, None, None, 'date'), ('13', '00', '00', (False, True, None, None, 'Z', 'timezone'), 'time'), 'datetime'), None, ('1', '2', None, '10', '2', '30', None, 'duration'), 'interval')
>>> aniso8601.parse_interval('P1M/1981-04-05', builder=TupleBuilder)
(None, ('1981', '04', '05', None, None, None, 'date'), (None, '1', None, None, None, None, None, 'duration'), 'interval')
A repeating interval returns a tuple containing the following parse components: :code:`(R, Rnn, interval, 'repeatinginterval')` where :code:`R` is a boolean, :code:`True` for an unbounded interval, :code:`False` otherwise.::
>>> aniso8601.parse_repeating_interval('R3/1981-04-05/P1D', builder=TupleBuilder)
(False, '3', (('1981', '04', '05', None, None, None, 'date'), None, (None, None, None, '1', None, None, None, 'duration'), 'interval'), 'repeatinginterval')
>>> aniso8601.parse_repeating_interval('R/PT1H2M/1980-03-05T01:01:00', builder=TupleBuilder)
(True, None, (None, (('1980', '03', '05', None, None, None, 'date'), ('01', '01', '00', None, 'time'), 'datetime'), (None, None, None, None, '1', '2', None, 'duration'), 'interval'), 'repeatinginterval')
Development
===========
Setup
-----
It is recommended to develop using a `virtualenv <https://virtualenv.pypa.io/en/stable/>`_.
Tests
-----
Tests can be run using `setuptools <https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html>`::
$ python setup.py test
Contributing
============
aniso8601 is an open source project hosted on `Bitbucket <https://bitbucket.org/nielsenb/aniso8601>`_.
Any and all bugs are welcome on our `issue tracker <https://bitbucket.org/nielsenb/aniso8601/issues>`_.
Of particular interest are valid ISO 8601 strings that don't parse, or invalid ones that do. At a minimum,
bug reports should include an example of the misbehaving string, as well as the expected result. Of course
patches containing unit tests (or fixed bugs) are welcome!
References
==========
* `ISO 8601:2004(E) <http://dotat.at/tmp/ISO_8601-2004_E.pdf>`_ (Caution, PDF link)
* `Wikipedia article on ISO 8601 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iso8601>`_
* `Discussion on alternative ISO 8601 parsers for Python <https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/comp.lang.python/Q2w4R89Nq1w>`_
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/__init__.py
|
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import List, Optional
__version__ = "20.2.3"
def main(args=None):
# type: (Optional[List[str]]) -> int
"""This is an internal API only meant for use by pip's own console scripts.
For additional details, see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/7498.
"""
from pip._internal.utils.entrypoints import _wrapper
return _wrapper(args)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/__main__.py
|
from __future__ import absolute_import
import os
import sys
# Remove '' and current working directory from the first entry
# of sys.path, if present to avoid using current directory
# in pip commands check, freeze, install, list and show,
# when invoked as python -m pip <command>
if sys.path[0] in ('', os.getcwd()):
sys.path.pop(0)
# If we are running from a wheel, add the wheel to sys.path
# This allows the usage python pip-*.whl/pip install pip-*.whl
if __package__ == '':
# __file__ is pip-*.whl/pip/__main__.py
# first dirname call strips of '/__main__.py', second strips off '/pip'
# Resulting path is the name of the wheel itself
# Add that to sys.path so we can import pip
path = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))
sys.path.insert(0, path)
from pip._internal.cli.main import main as _main # isort:skip # noqa
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.exit(_main())
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/configuration.py
|
"""Configuration management setup
Some terminology:
- name
As written in config files.
- value
Value associated with a name
- key
Name combined with it's section (section.name)
- variant
A single word describing where the configuration key-value pair came from
"""
import locale
import logging
import os
import sys
from pip._vendor.six.moves import configparser
from pip._internal.exceptions import (
ConfigurationError,
ConfigurationFileCouldNotBeLoaded,
)
from pip._internal.utils import appdirs
from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS, expanduser
from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir, enum
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import (
Any, Dict, Iterable, List, NewType, Optional, Tuple
)
RawConfigParser = configparser.RawConfigParser # Shorthand
Kind = NewType("Kind", str)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# NOTE: Maybe use the optionx attribute to normalize keynames.
def _normalize_name(name):
# type: (str) -> str
"""Make a name consistent regardless of source (environment or file)
"""
name = name.lower().replace('_', '-')
if name.startswith('--'):
name = name[2:] # only prefer long opts
return name
def _disassemble_key(name):
# type: (str) -> List[str]
if "." not in name:
error_message = (
"Key does not contain dot separated section and key. "
"Perhaps you wanted to use 'global.{}' instead?"
).format(name)
raise ConfigurationError(error_message)
return name.split(".", 1)
# The kinds of configurations there are.
kinds = enum(
USER="user", # User Specific
GLOBAL="global", # System Wide
SITE="site", # [Virtual] Environment Specific
ENV="env", # from PIP_CONFIG_FILE
ENV_VAR="env-var", # from Environment Variables
)
CONFIG_BASENAME = 'pip.ini' if WINDOWS else 'pip.conf'
def get_configuration_files():
# type: () -> Dict[Kind, List[str]]
global_config_files = [
os.path.join(path, CONFIG_BASENAME)
for path in appdirs.site_config_dirs('pip')
]
site_config_file = os.path.join(sys.prefix, CONFIG_BASENAME)
legacy_config_file = os.path.join(
expanduser('~'),
'pip' if WINDOWS else '.pip',
CONFIG_BASENAME,
)
new_config_file = os.path.join(
appdirs.user_config_dir("pip"), CONFIG_BASENAME
)
return {
kinds.GLOBAL: global_config_files,
kinds.SITE: [site_config_file],
kinds.USER: [legacy_config_file, new_config_file],
}
class Configuration(object):
"""Handles management of configuration.
Provides an interface to accessing and managing configuration files.
This class converts provides an API that takes "section.key-name" style
keys and stores the value associated with it as "key-name" under the
section "section".
This allows for a clean interface wherein the both the section and the
key-name are preserved in an easy to manage form in the configuration files
and the data stored is also nice.
"""
def __init__(self, isolated, load_only=None):
# type: (bool, Optional[Kind]) -> None
super(Configuration, self).__init__()
_valid_load_only = [kinds.USER, kinds.GLOBAL, kinds.SITE, None]
if load_only not in _valid_load_only:
raise ConfigurationError(
"Got invalid value for load_only - should be one of {}".format(
", ".join(map(repr, _valid_load_only[:-1]))
)
)
self.isolated = isolated
self.load_only = load_only
# The order here determines the override order.
self._override_order = [
kinds.GLOBAL, kinds.USER, kinds.SITE, kinds.ENV, kinds.ENV_VAR
]
self._ignore_env_names = ["version", "help"]
# Because we keep track of where we got the data from
self._parsers = {
variant: [] for variant in self._override_order
} # type: Dict[Kind, List[Tuple[str, RawConfigParser]]]
self._config = {
variant: {} for variant in self._override_order
} # type: Dict[Kind, Dict[str, Any]]
self._modified_parsers = [] # type: List[Tuple[str, RawConfigParser]]
def load(self):
# type: () -> None
"""Loads configuration from configuration files and environment
"""
self._load_config_files()
if not self.isolated:
self._load_environment_vars()
def get_file_to_edit(self):
# type: () -> Optional[str]
"""Returns the file with highest priority in configuration
"""
assert self.load_only is not None, \
"Need to be specified a file to be editing"
try:
return self._get_parser_to_modify()[0]
except IndexError:
return None
def items(self):
# type: () -> Iterable[Tuple[str, Any]]
"""Returns key-value pairs like dict.items() representing the loaded
configuration
"""
return self._dictionary.items()
def get_value(self, key):
# type: (str) -> Any
"""Get a value from the configuration.
"""
try:
return self._dictionary[key]
except KeyError:
raise ConfigurationError("No such key - {}".format(key))
def set_value(self, key, value):
# type: (str, Any) -> None
"""Modify a value in the configuration.
"""
self._ensure_have_load_only()
assert self.load_only
fname, parser = self._get_parser_to_modify()
if parser is not None:
section, name = _disassemble_key(key)
# Modify the parser and the configuration
if not parser.has_section(section):
parser.add_section(section)
parser.set(section, name, value)
self._config[self.load_only][key] = value
self._mark_as_modified(fname, parser)
def unset_value(self, key):
# type: (str) -> None
"""Unset a value in the configuration."""
self._ensure_have_load_only()
assert self.load_only
if key not in self._config[self.load_only]:
raise ConfigurationError("No such key - {}".format(key))
fname, parser = self._get_parser_to_modify()
if parser is not None:
section, name = _disassemble_key(key)
if not (parser.has_section(section)
and parser.remove_option(section, name)):
# The option was not removed.
raise ConfigurationError(
"Fatal Internal error [id=1]. Please report as a bug."
)
# The section may be empty after the option was removed.
if not parser.items(section):
parser.remove_section(section)
self._mark_as_modified(fname, parser)
del self._config[self.load_only][key]
def save(self):
# type: () -> None
"""Save the current in-memory state.
"""
self._ensure_have_load_only()
for fname, parser in self._modified_parsers:
logger.info("Writing to %s", fname)
# Ensure directory exists.
ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(fname))
with open(fname, "w") as f:
parser.write(f)
#
# Private routines
#
def _ensure_have_load_only(self):
# type: () -> None
if self.load_only is None:
raise ConfigurationError("Needed a specific file to be modifying.")
logger.debug("Will be working with %s variant only", self.load_only)
@property
def _dictionary(self):
# type: () -> Dict[str, Any]
"""A dictionary representing the loaded configuration.
"""
# NOTE: Dictionaries are not populated if not loaded. So, conditionals
# are not needed here.
retval = {}
for variant in self._override_order:
retval.update(self._config[variant])
return retval
def _load_config_files(self):
# type: () -> None
"""Loads configuration from configuration files
"""
config_files = dict(self.iter_config_files())
if config_files[kinds.ENV][0:1] == [os.devnull]:
logger.debug(
"Skipping loading configuration files due to "
"environment's PIP_CONFIG_FILE being os.devnull"
)
return
for variant, files in config_files.items():
for fname in files:
# If there's specific variant set in `load_only`, load only
# that variant, not the others.
if self.load_only is not None and variant != self.load_only:
logger.debug(
"Skipping file '%s' (variant: %s)", fname, variant
)
continue
parser = self._load_file(variant, fname)
# Keeping track of the parsers used
self._parsers[variant].append((fname, parser))
def _load_file(self, variant, fname):
# type: (Kind, str) -> RawConfigParser
logger.debug("For variant '%s', will try loading '%s'", variant, fname)
parser = self._construct_parser(fname)
for section in parser.sections():
items = parser.items(section)
self._config[variant].update(self._normalized_keys(section, items))
return parser
def _construct_parser(self, fname):
# type: (str) -> RawConfigParser
parser = configparser.RawConfigParser()
# If there is no such file, don't bother reading it but create the
# parser anyway, to hold the data.
# Doing this is useful when modifying and saving files, where we don't
# need to construct a parser.
if os.path.exists(fname):
try:
parser.read(fname)
except UnicodeDecodeError:
# See https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/4963
raise ConfigurationFileCouldNotBeLoaded(
reason="contains invalid {} characters".format(
locale.getpreferredencoding(False)
),
fname=fname,
)
except configparser.Error as error:
# See https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/4893
raise ConfigurationFileCouldNotBeLoaded(error=error)
return parser
def _load_environment_vars(self):
# type: () -> None
"""Loads configuration from environment variables
"""
self._config[kinds.ENV_VAR].update(
self._normalized_keys(":env:", self.get_environ_vars())
)
def _normalized_keys(self, section, items):
# type: (str, Iterable[Tuple[str, Any]]) -> Dict[str, Any]
"""Normalizes items to construct a dictionary with normalized keys.
This routine is where the names become keys and are made the same
regardless of source - configuration files or environment.
"""
normalized = {}
for name, val in items:
key = section + "." + _normalize_name(name)
normalized[key] = val
return normalized
def get_environ_vars(self):
# type: () -> Iterable[Tuple[str, str]]
"""Returns a generator with all environmental vars with prefix PIP_"""
for key, val in os.environ.items():
should_be_yielded = (
key.startswith("PIP_") and
key[4:].lower() not in self._ignore_env_names
)
if should_be_yielded:
yield key[4:].lower(), val
# XXX: This is patched in the tests.
def iter_config_files(self):
# type: () -> Iterable[Tuple[Kind, List[str]]]
"""Yields variant and configuration files associated with it.
This should be treated like items of a dictionary.
"""
# SMELL: Move the conditions out of this function
# environment variables have the lowest priority
config_file = os.environ.get('PIP_CONFIG_FILE', None)
if config_file is not None:
yield kinds.ENV, [config_file]
else:
yield kinds.ENV, []
config_files = get_configuration_files()
# at the base we have any global configuration
yield kinds.GLOBAL, config_files[kinds.GLOBAL]
# per-user configuration next
should_load_user_config = not self.isolated and not (
config_file and os.path.exists(config_file)
)
if should_load_user_config:
# The legacy config file is overridden by the new config file
yield kinds.USER, config_files[kinds.USER]
# finally virtualenv configuration first trumping others
yield kinds.SITE, config_files[kinds.SITE]
def get_values_in_config(self, variant):
# type: (Kind) -> Dict[str, Any]
"""Get values present in a config file"""
return self._config[variant]
def _get_parser_to_modify(self):
# type: () -> Tuple[str, RawConfigParser]
# Determine which parser to modify
assert self.load_only
parsers = self._parsers[self.load_only]
if not parsers:
# This should not happen if everything works correctly.
raise ConfigurationError(
"Fatal Internal error [id=2]. Please report as a bug."
)
# Use the highest priority parser.
return parsers[-1]
# XXX: This is patched in the tests.
def _mark_as_modified(self, fname, parser):
# type: (str, RawConfigParser) -> None
file_parser_tuple = (fname, parser)
if file_parser_tuple not in self._modified_parsers:
self._modified_parsers.append(file_parser_tuple)
def __repr__(self):
# type: () -> str
return "{}({!r})".format(self.__class__.__name__, self._dictionary)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/pyproject.py
|
from __future__ import absolute_import
import io
import os
import sys
from collections import namedtuple
from pip._vendor import six, toml
from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement, Requirement
from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Any, Optional, List
def _is_list_of_str(obj):
# type: (Any) -> bool
return (
isinstance(obj, list) and
all(isinstance(item, six.string_types) for item in obj)
)
def make_pyproject_path(unpacked_source_directory):
# type: (str) -> str
path = os.path.join(unpacked_source_directory, 'pyproject.toml')
# Python2 __file__ should not be unicode
if six.PY2 and isinstance(path, six.text_type):
path = path.encode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
return path
BuildSystemDetails = namedtuple('BuildSystemDetails', [
'requires', 'backend', 'check', 'backend_path'
])
def load_pyproject_toml(
use_pep517, # type: Optional[bool]
pyproject_toml, # type: str
setup_py, # type: str
req_name # type: str
):
# type: (...) -> Optional[BuildSystemDetails]
"""Load the pyproject.toml file.
Parameters:
use_pep517 - Has the user requested PEP 517 processing? None
means the user hasn't explicitly specified.
pyproject_toml - Location of the project's pyproject.toml file
setup_py - Location of the project's setup.py file
req_name - The name of the requirement we're processing (for
error reporting)
Returns:
None if we should use the legacy code path, otherwise a tuple
(
requirements from pyproject.toml,
name of PEP 517 backend,
requirements we should check are installed after setting
up the build environment
directory paths to import the backend from (backend-path),
relative to the project root.
)
"""
has_pyproject = os.path.isfile(pyproject_toml)
has_setup = os.path.isfile(setup_py)
if has_pyproject:
with io.open(pyproject_toml, encoding="utf-8") as f:
pp_toml = toml.load(f)
build_system = pp_toml.get("build-system")
else:
build_system = None
# The following cases must use PEP 517
# We check for use_pep517 being non-None and falsey because that means
# the user explicitly requested --no-use-pep517. The value 0 as
# opposed to False can occur when the value is provided via an
# environment variable or config file option (due to the quirk of
# strtobool() returning an integer in pip's configuration code).
if has_pyproject and not has_setup:
if use_pep517 is not None and not use_pep517:
raise InstallationError(
"Disabling PEP 517 processing is invalid: "
"project does not have a setup.py"
)
use_pep517 = True
elif build_system and "build-backend" in build_system:
if use_pep517 is not None and not use_pep517:
raise InstallationError(
"Disabling PEP 517 processing is invalid: "
"project specifies a build backend of {} "
"in pyproject.toml".format(
build_system["build-backend"]
)
)
use_pep517 = True
# If we haven't worked out whether to use PEP 517 yet,
# and the user hasn't explicitly stated a preference,
# we do so if the project has a pyproject.toml file.
elif use_pep517 is None:
use_pep517 = has_pyproject
# At this point, we know whether we're going to use PEP 517.
assert use_pep517 is not None
# If we're using the legacy code path, there is nothing further
# for us to do here.
if not use_pep517:
return None
if build_system is None:
# Either the user has a pyproject.toml with no build-system
# section, or the user has no pyproject.toml, but has opted in
# explicitly via --use-pep517.
# In the absence of any explicit backend specification, we
# assume the setuptools backend that most closely emulates the
# traditional direct setup.py execution, and require wheel and
# a version of setuptools that supports that backend.
build_system = {
"requires": ["setuptools>=40.8.0", "wheel"],
"build-backend": "setuptools.build_meta:__legacy__",
}
# If we're using PEP 517, we have build system information (either
# from pyproject.toml, or defaulted by the code above).
# Note that at this point, we do not know if the user has actually
# specified a backend, though.
assert build_system is not None
# Ensure that the build-system section in pyproject.toml conforms
# to PEP 518.
error_template = (
"{package} has a pyproject.toml file that does not comply "
"with PEP 518: {reason}"
)
# Specifying the build-system table but not the requires key is invalid
if "requires" not in build_system:
raise InstallationError(
error_template.format(package=req_name, reason=(
"it has a 'build-system' table but not "
"'build-system.requires' which is mandatory in the table"
))
)
# Error out if requires is not a list of strings
requires = build_system["requires"]
if not _is_list_of_str(requires):
raise InstallationError(error_template.format(
package=req_name,
reason="'build-system.requires' is not a list of strings.",
))
# Each requirement must be valid as per PEP 508
for requirement in requires:
try:
Requirement(requirement)
except InvalidRequirement:
raise InstallationError(
error_template.format(
package=req_name,
reason=(
"'build-system.requires' contains an invalid "
"requirement: {!r}".format(requirement)
),
)
)
backend = build_system.get("build-backend")
backend_path = build_system.get("backend-path", [])
check = [] # type: List[str]
if backend is None:
# If the user didn't specify a backend, we assume they want to use
# the setuptools backend. But we can't be sure they have included
# a version of setuptools which supplies the backend, or wheel
# (which is needed by the backend) in their requirements. So we
# make a note to check that those requirements are present once
# we have set up the environment.
# This is quite a lot of work to check for a very specific case. But
# the problem is, that case is potentially quite common - projects that
# adopted PEP 518 early for the ability to specify requirements to
# execute setup.py, but never considered needing to mention the build
# tools themselves. The original PEP 518 code had a similar check (but
# implemented in a different way).
backend = "setuptools.build_meta:__legacy__"
check = ["setuptools>=40.8.0", "wheel"]
return BuildSystemDetails(requires, backend, check, backend_path)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/cache.py
|
"""Cache Management
"""
import hashlib
import json
import logging
import os
from pip._vendor.packaging.tags import interpreter_name, interpreter_version
from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
from pip._internal.exceptions import InvalidWheelFilename
from pip._internal.models.link import Link
from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory, tempdir_kinds
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Optional, Set, List, Any, Dict
from pip._vendor.packaging.tags import Tag
from pip._internal.models.format_control import FormatControl
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def _hash_dict(d):
# type: (Dict[str, str]) -> str
"""Return a stable sha224 of a dictionary."""
s = json.dumps(d, sort_keys=True, separators=(",", ":"), ensure_ascii=True)
return hashlib.sha224(s.encode("ascii")).hexdigest()
class Cache(object):
"""An abstract class - provides cache directories for data from links
:param cache_dir: The root of the cache.
:param format_control: An object of FormatControl class to limit
binaries being read from the cache.
:param allowed_formats: which formats of files the cache should store.
('binary' and 'source' are the only allowed values)
"""
def __init__(self, cache_dir, format_control, allowed_formats):
# type: (str, FormatControl, Set[str]) -> None
super(Cache, self).__init__()
assert not cache_dir or os.path.isabs(cache_dir)
self.cache_dir = cache_dir or None
self.format_control = format_control
self.allowed_formats = allowed_formats
_valid_formats = {"source", "binary"}
assert self.allowed_formats.union(_valid_formats) == _valid_formats
def _get_cache_path_parts_legacy(self, link):
# type: (Link) -> List[str]
"""Get parts of part that must be os.path.joined with cache_dir
Legacy cache key (pip < 20) for compatibility with older caches.
"""
# We want to generate an url to use as our cache key, we don't want to
# just re-use the URL because it might have other items in the fragment
# and we don't care about those.
key_parts = [link.url_without_fragment]
if link.hash_name is not None and link.hash is not None:
key_parts.append("=".join([link.hash_name, link.hash]))
key_url = "#".join(key_parts)
# Encode our key url with sha224, we'll use this because it has similar
# security properties to sha256, but with a shorter total output (and
# thus less secure). However the differences don't make a lot of
# difference for our use case here.
hashed = hashlib.sha224(key_url.encode()).hexdigest()
# We want to nest the directories some to prevent having a ton of top
# level directories where we might run out of sub directories on some
# FS.
parts = [hashed[:2], hashed[2:4], hashed[4:6], hashed[6:]]
return parts
def _get_cache_path_parts(self, link):
# type: (Link) -> List[str]
"""Get parts of part that must be os.path.joined with cache_dir
"""
# We want to generate an url to use as our cache key, we don't want to
# just re-use the URL because it might have other items in the fragment
# and we don't care about those.
key_parts = {"url": link.url_without_fragment}
if link.hash_name is not None and link.hash is not None:
key_parts[link.hash_name] = link.hash
if link.subdirectory_fragment:
key_parts["subdirectory"] = link.subdirectory_fragment
# Include interpreter name, major and minor version in cache key
# to cope with ill-behaved sdists that build a different wheel
# depending on the python version their setup.py is being run on,
# and don't encode the difference in compatibility tags.
# https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/7296
key_parts["interpreter_name"] = interpreter_name()
key_parts["interpreter_version"] = interpreter_version()
# Encode our key url with sha224, we'll use this because it has similar
# security properties to sha256, but with a shorter total output (and
# thus less secure). However the differences don't make a lot of
# difference for our use case here.
hashed = _hash_dict(key_parts)
# We want to nest the directories some to prevent having a ton of top
# level directories where we might run out of sub directories on some
# FS.
parts = [hashed[:2], hashed[2:4], hashed[4:6], hashed[6:]]
return parts
def _get_candidates(self, link, canonical_package_name):
# type: (Link, str) -> List[Any]
can_not_cache = (
not self.cache_dir or
not canonical_package_name or
not link
)
if can_not_cache:
return []
formats = self.format_control.get_allowed_formats(
canonical_package_name
)
if not self.allowed_formats.intersection(formats):
return []
candidates = []
path = self.get_path_for_link(link)
if os.path.isdir(path):
for candidate in os.listdir(path):
candidates.append((candidate, path))
# TODO remove legacy path lookup in pip>=21
legacy_path = self.get_path_for_link_legacy(link)
if os.path.isdir(legacy_path):
for candidate in os.listdir(legacy_path):
candidates.append((candidate, legacy_path))
return candidates
def get_path_for_link_legacy(self, link):
# type: (Link) -> str
raise NotImplementedError()
def get_path_for_link(self, link):
# type: (Link) -> str
"""Return a directory to store cached items in for link.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def get(
self,
link, # type: Link
package_name, # type: Optional[str]
supported_tags, # type: List[Tag]
):
# type: (...) -> Link
"""Returns a link to a cached item if it exists, otherwise returns the
passed link.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
class SimpleWheelCache(Cache):
"""A cache of wheels for future installs.
"""
def __init__(self, cache_dir, format_control):
# type: (str, FormatControl) -> None
super(SimpleWheelCache, self).__init__(
cache_dir, format_control, {"binary"}
)
def get_path_for_link_legacy(self, link):
# type: (Link) -> str
parts = self._get_cache_path_parts_legacy(link)
assert self.cache_dir
return os.path.join(self.cache_dir, "wheels", *parts)
def get_path_for_link(self, link):
# type: (Link) -> str
"""Return a directory to store cached wheels for link
Because there are M wheels for any one sdist, we provide a directory
to cache them in, and then consult that directory when looking up
cache hits.
We only insert things into the cache if they have plausible version
numbers, so that we don't contaminate the cache with things that were
not unique. E.g. ./package might have dozens of installs done for it
and build a version of 0.0...and if we built and cached a wheel, we'd
end up using the same wheel even if the source has been edited.
:param link: The link of the sdist for which this will cache wheels.
"""
parts = self._get_cache_path_parts(link)
assert self.cache_dir
# Store wheels within the root cache_dir
return os.path.join(self.cache_dir, "wheels", *parts)
def get(
self,
link, # type: Link
package_name, # type: Optional[str]
supported_tags, # type: List[Tag]
):
# type: (...) -> Link
candidates = []
if not package_name:
return link
canonical_package_name = canonicalize_name(package_name)
for wheel_name, wheel_dir in self._get_candidates(
link, canonical_package_name
):
try:
wheel = Wheel(wheel_name)
except InvalidWheelFilename:
continue
if canonicalize_name(wheel.name) != canonical_package_name:
logger.debug(
"Ignoring cached wheel %s for %s as it "
"does not match the expected distribution name %s.",
wheel_name, link, package_name,
)
continue
if not wheel.supported(supported_tags):
# Built for a different python/arch/etc
continue
candidates.append(
(
wheel.support_index_min(supported_tags),
wheel_name,
wheel_dir,
)
)
if not candidates:
return link
_, wheel_name, wheel_dir = min(candidates)
return Link(path_to_url(os.path.join(wheel_dir, wheel_name)))
class EphemWheelCache(SimpleWheelCache):
"""A SimpleWheelCache that creates it's own temporary cache directory
"""
def __init__(self, format_control):
# type: (FormatControl) -> None
self._temp_dir = TempDirectory(
kind=tempdir_kinds.EPHEM_WHEEL_CACHE,
globally_managed=True,
)
super(EphemWheelCache, self).__init__(
self._temp_dir.path, format_control
)
class CacheEntry(object):
def __init__(
self,
link, # type: Link
persistent, # type: bool
):
self.link = link
self.persistent = persistent
class WheelCache(Cache):
"""Wraps EphemWheelCache and SimpleWheelCache into a single Cache
This Cache allows for gracefully degradation, using the ephem wheel cache
when a certain link is not found in the simple wheel cache first.
"""
def __init__(self, cache_dir, format_control):
# type: (str, FormatControl) -> None
super(WheelCache, self).__init__(
cache_dir, format_control, {'binary'}
)
self._wheel_cache = SimpleWheelCache(cache_dir, format_control)
self._ephem_cache = EphemWheelCache(format_control)
def get_path_for_link_legacy(self, link):
# type: (Link) -> str
return self._wheel_cache.get_path_for_link_legacy(link)
def get_path_for_link(self, link):
# type: (Link) -> str
return self._wheel_cache.get_path_for_link(link)
def get_ephem_path_for_link(self, link):
# type: (Link) -> str
return self._ephem_cache.get_path_for_link(link)
def get(
self,
link, # type: Link
package_name, # type: Optional[str]
supported_tags, # type: List[Tag]
):
# type: (...) -> Link
cache_entry = self.get_cache_entry(link, package_name, supported_tags)
if cache_entry is None:
return link
return cache_entry.link
def get_cache_entry(
self,
link, # type: Link
package_name, # type: Optional[str]
supported_tags, # type: List[Tag]
):
# type: (...) -> Optional[CacheEntry]
"""Returns a CacheEntry with a link to a cached item if it exists or
None. The cache entry indicates if the item was found in the persistent
or ephemeral cache.
"""
retval = self._wheel_cache.get(
link=link,
package_name=package_name,
supported_tags=supported_tags,
)
if retval is not link:
return CacheEntry(retval, persistent=True)
retval = self._ephem_cache.get(
link=link,
package_name=package_name,
supported_tags=supported_tags,
)
if retval is not link:
return CacheEntry(retval, persistent=False)
return None
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/__init__.py
|
import pip._internal.utils.inject_securetransport # noqa
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Optional, List
def main(args=None):
# type: (Optional[List[str]]) -> int
"""This is preserved for old console scripts that may still be referencing
it.
For additional details, see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/7498.
"""
from pip._internal.utils.entrypoints import _wrapper
return _wrapper(args)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/exceptions.py
|
"""Exceptions used throughout package"""
from __future__ import absolute_import
from itertools import chain, groupby, repeat
from pip._vendor.six import iteritems
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Any, Optional, List, Dict, Text
from pip._vendor.pkg_resources import Distribution
from pip._vendor.requests.models import Response, Request
from pip._vendor.six import PY3
from pip._vendor.six.moves import configparser
from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
if PY3:
from hashlib import _Hash
else:
from hashlib import _hash as _Hash
class PipError(Exception):
"""Base pip exception"""
class ConfigurationError(PipError):
"""General exception in configuration"""
class InstallationError(PipError):
"""General exception during installation"""
class UninstallationError(PipError):
"""General exception during uninstallation"""
class NoneMetadataError(PipError):
"""
Raised when accessing "METADATA" or "PKG-INFO" metadata for a
pip._vendor.pkg_resources.Distribution object and
`dist.has_metadata('METADATA')` returns True but
`dist.get_metadata('METADATA')` returns None (and similarly for
"PKG-INFO").
"""
def __init__(self, dist, metadata_name):
# type: (Distribution, str) -> None
"""
:param dist: A Distribution object.
:param metadata_name: The name of the metadata being accessed
(can be "METADATA" or "PKG-INFO").
"""
self.dist = dist
self.metadata_name = metadata_name
def __str__(self):
# type: () -> str
# Use `dist` in the error message because its stringification
# includes more information, like the version and location.
return (
'None {} metadata found for distribution: {}'.format(
self.metadata_name, self.dist,
)
)
class DistributionNotFound(InstallationError):
"""Raised when a distribution cannot be found to satisfy a requirement"""
class RequirementsFileParseError(InstallationError):
"""Raised when a general error occurs parsing a requirements file line."""
class BestVersionAlreadyInstalled(PipError):
"""Raised when the most up-to-date version of a package is already
installed."""
class BadCommand(PipError):
"""Raised when virtualenv or a command is not found"""
class CommandError(PipError):
"""Raised when there is an error in command-line arguments"""
class SubProcessError(PipError):
"""Raised when there is an error raised while executing a
command in subprocess"""
class PreviousBuildDirError(PipError):
"""Raised when there's a previous conflicting build directory"""
class NetworkConnectionError(PipError):
"""HTTP connection error"""
def __init__(self, error_msg, response=None, request=None):
# type: (Text, Response, Request) -> None
"""
Initialize NetworkConnectionError with `request` and `response`
objects.
"""
self.response = response
self.request = request
self.error_msg = error_msg
if (self.response is not None and not self.request and
hasattr(response, 'request')):
self.request = self.response.request
super(NetworkConnectionError, self).__init__(
error_msg, response, request)
def __str__(self):
# type: () -> str
return str(self.error_msg)
class InvalidWheelFilename(InstallationError):
"""Invalid wheel filename."""
class UnsupportedWheel(InstallationError):
"""Unsupported wheel."""
class MetadataInconsistent(InstallationError):
"""Built metadata contains inconsistent information.
This is raised when the metadata contains values (e.g. name and version)
that do not match the information previously obtained from sdist filename
or user-supplied ``#egg=`` value.
"""
def __init__(self, ireq, field, built):
# type: (InstallRequirement, str, Any) -> None
self.ireq = ireq
self.field = field
self.built = built
def __str__(self):
# type: () -> str
return "Requested {} has different {} in metadata: {!r}".format(
self.ireq, self.field, self.built,
)
class HashErrors(InstallationError):
"""Multiple HashError instances rolled into one for reporting"""
def __init__(self):
# type: () -> None
self.errors = [] # type: List[HashError]
def append(self, error):
# type: (HashError) -> None
self.errors.append(error)
def __str__(self):
# type: () -> str
lines = []
self.errors.sort(key=lambda e: e.order)
for cls, errors_of_cls in groupby(self.errors, lambda e: e.__class__):
lines.append(cls.head)
lines.extend(e.body() for e in errors_of_cls)
if lines:
return '\n'.join(lines)
return ''
def __nonzero__(self):
# type: () -> bool
return bool(self.errors)
def __bool__(self):
# type: () -> bool
return self.__nonzero__()
class HashError(InstallationError):
"""
A failure to verify a package against known-good hashes
:cvar order: An int sorting hash exception classes by difficulty of
recovery (lower being harder), so the user doesn't bother fretting
about unpinned packages when he has deeper issues, like VCS
dependencies, to deal with. Also keeps error reports in a
deterministic order.
:cvar head: A section heading for display above potentially many
exceptions of this kind
:ivar req: The InstallRequirement that triggered this error. This is
pasted on after the exception is instantiated, because it's not
typically available earlier.
"""
req = None # type: Optional[InstallRequirement]
head = ''
order = None # type: Optional[int]
def body(self):
# type: () -> str
"""Return a summary of me for display under the heading.
This default implementation simply prints a description of the
triggering requirement.
:param req: The InstallRequirement that provoked this error, with
its link already populated by the resolver's _populate_link().
"""
return ' {}'.format(self._requirement_name())
def __str__(self):
# type: () -> str
return '{}\n{}'.format(self.head, self.body())
def _requirement_name(self):
# type: () -> str
"""Return a description of the requirement that triggered me.
This default implementation returns long description of the req, with
line numbers
"""
return str(self.req) if self.req else 'unknown package'
class VcsHashUnsupported(HashError):
"""A hash was provided for a version-control-system-based requirement, but
we don't have a method for hashing those."""
order = 0
head = ("Can't verify hashes for these requirements because we don't "
"have a way to hash version control repositories:")
class DirectoryUrlHashUnsupported(HashError):
"""A hash was provided for a version-control-system-based requirement, but
we don't have a method for hashing those."""
order = 1
head = ("Can't verify hashes for these file:// requirements because they "
"point to directories:")
class HashMissing(HashError):
"""A hash was needed for a requirement but is absent."""
order = 2
head = ('Hashes are required in --require-hashes mode, but they are '
'missing from some requirements. Here is a list of those '
'requirements along with the hashes their downloaded archives '
'actually had. Add lines like these to your requirements files to '
'prevent tampering. (If you did not enable --require-hashes '
'manually, note that it turns on automatically when any package '
'has a hash.)')
def __init__(self, gotten_hash):
# type: (str) -> None
"""
:param gotten_hash: The hash of the (possibly malicious) archive we
just downloaded
"""
self.gotten_hash = gotten_hash
def body(self):
# type: () -> str
# Dodge circular import.
from pip._internal.utils.hashes import FAVORITE_HASH
package = None
if self.req:
# In the case of URL-based requirements, display the original URL
# seen in the requirements file rather than the package name,
# so the output can be directly copied into the requirements file.
package = (self.req.original_link if self.req.original_link
# In case someone feeds something downright stupid
# to InstallRequirement's constructor.
else getattr(self.req, 'req', None))
return ' {} --hash={}:{}'.format(package or 'unknown package',
FAVORITE_HASH,
self.gotten_hash)
class HashUnpinned(HashError):
"""A requirement had a hash specified but was not pinned to a specific
version."""
order = 3
head = ('In --require-hashes mode, all requirements must have their '
'versions pinned with ==. These do not:')
class HashMismatch(HashError):
"""
Distribution file hash values don't match.
:ivar package_name: The name of the package that triggered the hash
mismatch. Feel free to write to this after the exception is raise to
improve its error message.
"""
order = 4
head = ('THESE PACKAGES DO NOT MATCH THE HASHES FROM THE REQUIREMENTS '
'FILE. If you have updated the package versions, please update '
'the hashes. Otherwise, examine the package contents carefully; '
'someone may have tampered with them.')
def __init__(self, allowed, gots):
# type: (Dict[str, List[str]], Dict[str, _Hash]) -> None
"""
:param allowed: A dict of algorithm names pointing to lists of allowed
hex digests
:param gots: A dict of algorithm names pointing to hashes we
actually got from the files under suspicion
"""
self.allowed = allowed
self.gots = gots
def body(self):
# type: () -> str
return ' {}:\n{}'.format(self._requirement_name(),
self._hash_comparison())
def _hash_comparison(self):
# type: () -> str
"""
Return a comparison of actual and expected hash values.
Example::
Expected sha256 abcdeabcdeabcdeabcdeabcdeabcdeabcdeabcdeabcde
or 123451234512345123451234512345123451234512345
Got bcdefbcdefbcdefbcdefbcdefbcdefbcdefbcdefbcdef
"""
def hash_then_or(hash_name):
# type: (str) -> chain[str]
# For now, all the decent hashes have 6-char names, so we can get
# away with hard-coding space literals.
return chain([hash_name], repeat(' or'))
lines = [] # type: List[str]
for hash_name, expecteds in iteritems(self.allowed):
prefix = hash_then_or(hash_name)
lines.extend((' Expected {} {}'.format(next(prefix), e))
for e in expecteds)
lines.append(' Got {}\n'.format(
self.gots[hash_name].hexdigest()))
return '\n'.join(lines)
class UnsupportedPythonVersion(InstallationError):
"""Unsupported python version according to Requires-Python package
metadata."""
class ConfigurationFileCouldNotBeLoaded(ConfigurationError):
"""When there are errors while loading a configuration file
"""
def __init__(self, reason="could not be loaded", fname=None, error=None):
# type: (str, Optional[str], Optional[configparser.Error]) -> None
super(ConfigurationFileCouldNotBeLoaded, self).__init__(error)
self.reason = reason
self.fname = fname
self.error = error
def __str__(self):
# type: () -> str
if self.fname is not None:
message_part = " in {}.".format(self.fname)
else:
assert self.error is not None
message_part = ".\n{}\n".format(self.error)
return "Configuration file {}{}".format(self.reason, message_part)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/main.py
|
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Optional, List
def main(args=None):
# type: (Optional[List[str]]) -> int
"""This is preserved for old console scripts that may still be referencing
it.
For additional details, see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/7498.
"""
from pip._internal.utils.entrypoints import _wrapper
return _wrapper(args)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/wheel_builder.py
|
"""Orchestrator for building wheels from InstallRequirements.
"""
import logging
import os.path
import re
import shutil
from pip._internal.models.link import Link
from pip._internal.operations.build.wheel import build_wheel_pep517
from pip._internal.operations.build.wheel_legacy import build_wheel_legacy
from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir, hash_file, is_wheel_installed
from pip._internal.utils.setuptools_build import make_setuptools_clean_args
from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import call_subprocess
from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url
from pip._internal.vcs import vcs
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import (
Any, Callable, Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple,
)
from pip._internal.cache import WheelCache
from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
BinaryAllowedPredicate = Callable[[InstallRequirement], bool]
BuildResult = Tuple[List[InstallRequirement], List[InstallRequirement]]
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
_egg_info_re = re.compile(r'([a-z0-9_.]+)-([a-z0-9_.!+-]+)', re.IGNORECASE)
def _contains_egg_info(s):
# type: (str) -> bool
"""Determine whether the string looks like an egg_info.
:param s: The string to parse. E.g. foo-2.1
"""
return bool(_egg_info_re.search(s))
def _should_build(
req, # type: InstallRequirement
need_wheel, # type: bool
check_binary_allowed, # type: BinaryAllowedPredicate
):
# type: (...) -> bool
"""Return whether an InstallRequirement should be built into a wheel."""
if req.constraint:
# never build requirements that are merely constraints
return False
if req.is_wheel:
if need_wheel:
logger.info(
'Skipping %s, due to already being wheel.', req.name,
)
return False
if need_wheel:
# i.e. pip wheel, not pip install
return True
# From this point, this concerns the pip install command only
# (need_wheel=False).
if req.editable or not req.source_dir:
return False
if not check_binary_allowed(req):
logger.info(
"Skipping wheel build for %s, due to binaries "
"being disabled for it.", req.name,
)
return False
if not req.use_pep517 and not is_wheel_installed():
# we don't build legacy requirements if wheel is not installed
logger.info(
"Using legacy 'setup.py install' for %s, "
"since package 'wheel' is not installed.", req.name,
)
return False
return True
def should_build_for_wheel_command(
req, # type: InstallRequirement
):
# type: (...) -> bool
return _should_build(
req, need_wheel=True, check_binary_allowed=_always_true
)
def should_build_for_install_command(
req, # type: InstallRequirement
check_binary_allowed, # type: BinaryAllowedPredicate
):
# type: (...) -> bool
return _should_build(
req, need_wheel=False, check_binary_allowed=check_binary_allowed
)
def _should_cache(
req, # type: InstallRequirement
):
# type: (...) -> Optional[bool]
"""
Return whether a built InstallRequirement can be stored in the persistent
wheel cache, assuming the wheel cache is available, and _should_build()
has determined a wheel needs to be built.
"""
if req.editable or not req.source_dir:
# never cache editable requirements
return False
if req.link and req.link.is_vcs:
# VCS checkout. Do not cache
# unless it points to an immutable commit hash.
assert not req.editable
assert req.source_dir
vcs_backend = vcs.get_backend_for_scheme(req.link.scheme)
assert vcs_backend
if vcs_backend.is_immutable_rev_checkout(req.link.url, req.source_dir):
return True
return False
assert req.link
base, ext = req.link.splitext()
if _contains_egg_info(base):
return True
# Otherwise, do not cache.
return False
def _get_cache_dir(
req, # type: InstallRequirement
wheel_cache, # type: WheelCache
):
# type: (...) -> str
"""Return the persistent or temporary cache directory where the built
wheel need to be stored.
"""
cache_available = bool(wheel_cache.cache_dir)
assert req.link
if cache_available and _should_cache(req):
cache_dir = wheel_cache.get_path_for_link(req.link)
else:
cache_dir = wheel_cache.get_ephem_path_for_link(req.link)
return cache_dir
def _always_true(_):
# type: (Any) -> bool
return True
def _build_one(
req, # type: InstallRequirement
output_dir, # type: str
build_options, # type: List[str]
global_options, # type: List[str]
):
# type: (...) -> Optional[str]
"""Build one wheel.
:return: The filename of the built wheel, or None if the build failed.
"""
try:
ensure_dir(output_dir)
except OSError as e:
logger.warning(
"Building wheel for %s failed: %s",
req.name, e,
)
return None
# Install build deps into temporary directory (PEP 518)
with req.build_env:
return _build_one_inside_env(
req, output_dir, build_options, global_options
)
def _build_one_inside_env(
req, # type: InstallRequirement
output_dir, # type: str
build_options, # type: List[str]
global_options, # type: List[str]
):
# type: (...) -> Optional[str]
with TempDirectory(kind="wheel") as temp_dir:
assert req.name
if req.use_pep517:
assert req.metadata_directory
wheel_path = build_wheel_pep517(
name=req.name,
backend=req.pep517_backend,
metadata_directory=req.metadata_directory,
build_options=build_options,
tempd=temp_dir.path,
)
else:
wheel_path = build_wheel_legacy(
name=req.name,
setup_py_path=req.setup_py_path,
source_dir=req.unpacked_source_directory,
global_options=global_options,
build_options=build_options,
tempd=temp_dir.path,
)
if wheel_path is not None:
wheel_name = os.path.basename(wheel_path)
dest_path = os.path.join(output_dir, wheel_name)
try:
wheel_hash, length = hash_file(wheel_path)
shutil.move(wheel_path, dest_path)
logger.info('Created wheel for %s: '
'filename=%s size=%d sha256=%s',
req.name, wheel_name, length,
wheel_hash.hexdigest())
logger.info('Stored in directory: %s', output_dir)
return dest_path
except Exception as e:
logger.warning(
"Building wheel for %s failed: %s",
req.name, e,
)
# Ignore return, we can't do anything else useful.
if not req.use_pep517:
_clean_one_legacy(req, global_options)
return None
def _clean_one_legacy(req, global_options):
# type: (InstallRequirement, List[str]) -> bool
clean_args = make_setuptools_clean_args(
req.setup_py_path,
global_options=global_options,
)
logger.info('Running setup.py clean for %s', req.name)
try:
call_subprocess(clean_args, cwd=req.source_dir)
return True
except Exception:
logger.error('Failed cleaning build dir for %s', req.name)
return False
def build(
requirements, # type: Iterable[InstallRequirement]
wheel_cache, # type: WheelCache
build_options, # type: List[str]
global_options, # type: List[str]
):
# type: (...) -> BuildResult
"""Build wheels.
:return: The list of InstallRequirement that succeeded to build and
the list of InstallRequirement that failed to build.
"""
if not requirements:
return [], []
# Build the wheels.
logger.info(
'Building wheels for collected packages: %s',
', '.join(req.name for req in requirements), # type: ignore
)
with indent_log():
build_successes, build_failures = [], []
for req in requirements:
cache_dir = _get_cache_dir(req, wheel_cache)
wheel_file = _build_one(
req, cache_dir, build_options, global_options
)
if wheel_file:
# Update the link for this.
req.link = Link(path_to_url(wheel_file))
req.local_file_path = req.link.file_path
assert req.link.is_wheel
build_successes.append(req)
else:
build_failures.append(req)
# notify success/failure
if build_successes:
logger.info(
'Successfully built %s',
' '.join([req.name for req in build_successes]), # type: ignore
)
if build_failures:
logger.info(
'Failed to build %s',
' '.join([req.name for req in build_failures]), # type: ignore
)
# Return a list of requirements that failed to build
return build_successes, build_failures
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations.py
|
"""Locations where we look for configs, install stuff, etc"""
# The following comment should be removed at some point in the future.
# mypy: strict-optional=False
from __future__ import absolute_import
import os
import os.path
import platform
import site
import sys
import sysconfig
from distutils import sysconfig as distutils_sysconfig
from distutils.command.install import SCHEME_KEYS # type: ignore
from distutils.command.install import install as distutils_install_command
from pip._internal.models.scheme import Scheme
from pip._internal.utils import appdirs
from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING, cast
from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Union
from distutils.cmd import Command as DistutilsCommand
# Application Directories
USER_CACHE_DIR = appdirs.user_cache_dir("pip")
def get_major_minor_version():
# type: () -> str
"""
Return the major-minor version of the current Python as a string, e.g.
"3.7" or "3.10".
"""
return '{}.{}'.format(*sys.version_info)
def get_src_prefix():
# type: () -> str
if running_under_virtualenv():
src_prefix = os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'src')
else:
# FIXME: keep src in cwd for now (it is not a temporary folder)
try:
src_prefix = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'src')
except OSError:
# In case the current working directory has been renamed or deleted
sys.exit(
"The folder you are executing pip from can no longer be found."
)
# under macOS + virtualenv sys.prefix is not properly resolved
# it is something like /path/to/python/bin/..
return os.path.abspath(src_prefix)
# FIXME doesn't account for venv linked to global site-packages
site_packages = sysconfig.get_path("purelib") # type: Optional[str]
# This is because of a bug in PyPy's sysconfig module, see
# https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/issues/2506/sysconfig-returns-incorrect-paths
# for more information.
if platform.python_implementation().lower() == "pypy":
site_packages = distutils_sysconfig.get_python_lib()
try:
# Use getusersitepackages if this is present, as it ensures that the
# value is initialised properly.
user_site = site.getusersitepackages()
except AttributeError:
user_site = site.USER_SITE
if WINDOWS:
bin_py = os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'Scripts')
bin_user = os.path.join(user_site, 'Scripts')
# buildout uses 'bin' on Windows too?
if not os.path.exists(bin_py):
bin_py = os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'bin')
bin_user = os.path.join(user_site, 'bin')
else:
bin_py = os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'bin')
bin_user = os.path.join(user_site, 'bin')
# Forcing to use /usr/local/bin for standard macOS framework installs
# Also log to ~/Library/Logs/ for use with the Console.app log viewer
if sys.platform[:6] == 'darwin' and sys.prefix[:16] == '/System/Library/':
bin_py = '/usr/local/bin'
def distutils_scheme(
dist_name, user=False, home=None, root=None, isolated=False, prefix=None
):
# type:(str, bool, str, str, bool, str) -> Dict[str, str]
"""
Return a distutils install scheme
"""
from distutils.dist import Distribution
dist_args = {'name': dist_name} # type: Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]
if isolated:
dist_args["script_args"] = ["--no-user-cfg"]
d = Distribution(dist_args)
d.parse_config_files()
obj = None # type: Optional[DistutilsCommand]
obj = d.get_command_obj('install', create=True)
assert obj is not None
i = cast(distutils_install_command, obj)
# NOTE: setting user or home has the side-effect of creating the home dir
# or user base for installations during finalize_options()
# ideally, we'd prefer a scheme class that has no side-effects.
assert not (user and prefix), "user={} prefix={}".format(user, prefix)
assert not (home and prefix), "home={} prefix={}".format(home, prefix)
i.user = user or i.user
if user or home:
i.prefix = ""
i.prefix = prefix or i.prefix
i.home = home or i.home
i.root = root or i.root
i.finalize_options()
scheme = {}
for key in SCHEME_KEYS:
scheme[key] = getattr(i, 'install_' + key)
# install_lib specified in setup.cfg should install *everything*
# into there (i.e. it takes precedence over both purelib and
# platlib). Note, i.install_lib is *always* set after
# finalize_options(); we only want to override here if the user
# has explicitly requested it hence going back to the config
if 'install_lib' in d.get_option_dict('install'):
scheme.update(dict(purelib=i.install_lib, platlib=i.install_lib))
if running_under_virtualenv():
scheme['headers'] = os.path.join(
i.prefix,
'include',
'site',
'python{}'.format(get_major_minor_version()),
dist_name,
)
if root is not None:
path_no_drive = os.path.splitdrive(
os.path.abspath(scheme["headers"]))[1]
scheme["headers"] = os.path.join(
root,
path_no_drive[1:],
)
return scheme
def get_scheme(
dist_name, # type: str
user=False, # type: bool
home=None, # type: Optional[str]
root=None, # type: Optional[str]
isolated=False, # type: bool
prefix=None, # type: Optional[str]
):
# type: (...) -> Scheme
"""
Get the "scheme" corresponding to the input parameters. The distutils
documentation provides the context for the available schemes:
https://docs.python.org/3/install/index.html#alternate-installation
:param dist_name: the name of the package to retrieve the scheme for, used
in the headers scheme path
:param user: indicates to use the "user" scheme
:param home: indicates to use the "home" scheme and provides the base
directory for the same
:param root: root under which other directories are re-based
:param isolated: equivalent to --no-user-cfg, i.e. do not consider
~/.pydistutils.cfg (posix) or ~/pydistutils.cfg (non-posix) for
scheme paths
:param prefix: indicates to use the "prefix" scheme and provides the
base directory for the same
"""
scheme = distutils_scheme(
dist_name, user, home, root, isolated, prefix
)
return Scheme(
platlib=scheme["platlib"],
purelib=scheme["purelib"],
headers=scheme["headers"],
scripts=scheme["scripts"],
data=scheme["data"],
)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/self_outdated_check.py
|
from __future__ import absolute_import
import datetime
import hashlib
import json
import logging
import os.path
import sys
from pip._vendor.packaging import version as packaging_version
from pip._vendor.six import ensure_binary
from pip._internal.index.collector import LinkCollector
from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
from pip._internal.models.selection_prefs import SelectionPreferences
from pip._internal.utils.filesystem import (
adjacent_tmp_file,
check_path_owner,
replace,
)
from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
ensure_dir,
get_distribution,
get_installed_version,
)
from pip._internal.utils.packaging import get_installer
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
import optparse
from typing import Any, Dict, Text, Union
from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
SELFCHECK_DATE_FMT = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def _get_statefile_name(key):
# type: (Union[str, Text]) -> str
key_bytes = ensure_binary(key)
name = hashlib.sha224(key_bytes).hexdigest()
return name
class SelfCheckState(object):
def __init__(self, cache_dir):
# type: (str) -> None
self.state = {} # type: Dict[str, Any]
self.statefile_path = None
# Try to load the existing state
if cache_dir:
self.statefile_path = os.path.join(
cache_dir, "selfcheck", _get_statefile_name(self.key)
)
try:
with open(self.statefile_path) as statefile:
self.state = json.load(statefile)
except (IOError, ValueError, KeyError):
# Explicitly suppressing exceptions, since we don't want to
# error out if the cache file is invalid.
pass
@property
def key(self):
# type: () -> str
return sys.prefix
def save(self, pypi_version, current_time):
# type: (str, datetime.datetime) -> None
# If we do not have a path to cache in, don't bother saving.
if not self.statefile_path:
return
# Check to make sure that we own the directory
if not check_path_owner(os.path.dirname(self.statefile_path)):
return
# Now that we've ensured the directory is owned by this user, we'll go
# ahead and make sure that all our directories are created.
ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(self.statefile_path))
state = {
# Include the key so it's easy to tell which pip wrote the
# file.
"key": self.key,
"last_check": current_time.strftime(SELFCHECK_DATE_FMT),
"pypi_version": pypi_version,
}
text = json.dumps(state, sort_keys=True, separators=(",", ":"))
with adjacent_tmp_file(self.statefile_path) as f:
f.write(ensure_binary(text))
try:
# Since we have a prefix-specific state file, we can just
# overwrite whatever is there, no need to check.
replace(f.name, self.statefile_path)
except OSError:
# Best effort.
pass
def was_installed_by_pip(pkg):
# type: (str) -> bool
"""Checks whether pkg was installed by pip
This is used not to display the upgrade message when pip is in fact
installed by system package manager, such as dnf on Fedora.
"""
dist = get_distribution(pkg)
if not dist:
return False
return "pip" == get_installer(dist)
def pip_self_version_check(session, options):
# type: (PipSession, optparse.Values) -> None
"""Check for an update for pip.
Limit the frequency of checks to once per week. State is stored either in
the active virtualenv or in the user's USER_CACHE_DIR keyed off the prefix
of the pip script path.
"""
installed_version = get_installed_version("pip")
if not installed_version:
return
pip_version = packaging_version.parse(installed_version)
pypi_version = None
try:
state = SelfCheckState(cache_dir=options.cache_dir)
current_time = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
# Determine if we need to refresh the state
if "last_check" in state.state and "pypi_version" in state.state:
last_check = datetime.datetime.strptime(
state.state["last_check"],
SELFCHECK_DATE_FMT
)
if (current_time - last_check).total_seconds() < 7 * 24 * 60 * 60:
pypi_version = state.state["pypi_version"]
# Refresh the version if we need to or just see if we need to warn
if pypi_version is None:
# Lets use PackageFinder to see what the latest pip version is
link_collector = LinkCollector.create(
session,
options=options,
suppress_no_index=True,
)
# Pass allow_yanked=False so we don't suggest upgrading to a
# yanked version.
selection_prefs = SelectionPreferences(
allow_yanked=False,
allow_all_prereleases=False, # Explicitly set to False
)
finder = PackageFinder.create(
link_collector=link_collector,
selection_prefs=selection_prefs,
)
best_candidate = finder.find_best_candidate("pip").best_candidate
if best_candidate is None:
return
pypi_version = str(best_candidate.version)
# save that we've performed a check
state.save(pypi_version, current_time)
remote_version = packaging_version.parse(pypi_version)
local_version_is_older = (
pip_version < remote_version and
pip_version.base_version != remote_version.base_version and
was_installed_by_pip('pip')
)
# Determine if our pypi_version is older
if not local_version_is_older:
return
# We cannot tell how the current pip is available in the current
# command context, so be pragmatic here and suggest the command
# that's always available. This does not accommodate spaces in
# `sys.executable`.
pip_cmd = "{} -m pip".format(sys.executable)
logger.warning(
"You are using pip version %s; however, version %s is "
"available.\nYou should consider upgrading via the "
"'%s install --upgrade pip' command.",
pip_version, pypi_version, pip_cmd
)
except Exception:
logger.debug(
"There was an error checking the latest version of pip",
exc_info=True,
)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/build_env.py
|
"""Build Environment used for isolation during sdist building
"""
import logging
import os
import sys
import textwrap
from collections import OrderedDict
from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_lib
from sysconfig import get_paths
from pip._vendor.pkg_resources import Requirement, VersionConflict, WorkingSet
from pip import __file__ as pip_location
from pip._internal.cli.spinners import open_spinner
from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import call_subprocess
from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory, tempdir_kinds
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from types import TracebackType
from typing import Tuple, Set, Iterable, Optional, List, Type
from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class _Prefix:
def __init__(self, path):
# type: (str) -> None
self.path = path
self.setup = False
self.bin_dir = get_paths(
'nt' if os.name == 'nt' else 'posix_prefix',
vars={'base': path, 'platbase': path}
)['scripts']
# Note: prefer distutils' sysconfig to get the
# library paths so PyPy is correctly supported.
purelib = get_python_lib(plat_specific=False, prefix=path)
platlib = get_python_lib(plat_specific=True, prefix=path)
if purelib == platlib:
self.lib_dirs = [purelib]
else:
self.lib_dirs = [purelib, platlib]
class BuildEnvironment(object):
"""Creates and manages an isolated environment to install build deps
"""
def __init__(self):
# type: () -> None
temp_dir = TempDirectory(
kind=tempdir_kinds.BUILD_ENV, globally_managed=True
)
self._prefixes = OrderedDict((
(name, _Prefix(os.path.join(temp_dir.path, name)))
for name in ('normal', 'overlay')
))
self._bin_dirs = [] # type: List[str]
self._lib_dirs = [] # type: List[str]
for prefix in reversed(list(self._prefixes.values())):
self._bin_dirs.append(prefix.bin_dir)
self._lib_dirs.extend(prefix.lib_dirs)
# Customize site to:
# - ensure .pth files are honored
# - prevent access to system site packages
system_sites = {
os.path.normcase(site) for site in (
get_python_lib(plat_specific=False),
get_python_lib(plat_specific=True),
)
}
self._site_dir = os.path.join(temp_dir.path, 'site')
if not os.path.exists(self._site_dir):
os.mkdir(self._site_dir)
with open(os.path.join(self._site_dir, 'sitecustomize.py'), 'w') as fp:
fp.write(textwrap.dedent(
'''
import os, site, sys
# First, drop system-sites related paths.
original_sys_path = sys.path[:]
known_paths = set()
for path in {system_sites!r}:
site.addsitedir(path, known_paths=known_paths)
system_paths = set(
os.path.normcase(path)
for path in sys.path[len(original_sys_path):]
)
original_sys_path = [
path for path in original_sys_path
if os.path.normcase(path) not in system_paths
]
sys.path = original_sys_path
# Second, add lib directories.
# ensuring .pth file are processed.
for path in {lib_dirs!r}:
assert not path in sys.path
site.addsitedir(path)
'''
).format(system_sites=system_sites, lib_dirs=self._lib_dirs))
def __enter__(self):
# type: () -> None
self._save_env = {
name: os.environ.get(name, None)
for name in ('PATH', 'PYTHONNOUSERSITE', 'PYTHONPATH')
}
path = self._bin_dirs[:]
old_path = self._save_env['PATH']
if old_path:
path.extend(old_path.split(os.pathsep))
pythonpath = [self._site_dir]
os.environ.update({
'PATH': os.pathsep.join(path),
'PYTHONNOUSERSITE': '1',
'PYTHONPATH': os.pathsep.join(pythonpath),
})
def __exit__(
self,
exc_type, # type: Optional[Type[BaseException]]
exc_val, # type: Optional[BaseException]
exc_tb # type: Optional[TracebackType]
):
# type: (...) -> None
for varname, old_value in self._save_env.items():
if old_value is None:
os.environ.pop(varname, None)
else:
os.environ[varname] = old_value
def check_requirements(self, reqs):
# type: (Iterable[str]) -> Tuple[Set[Tuple[str, str]], Set[str]]
"""Return 2 sets:
- conflicting requirements: set of (installed, wanted) reqs tuples
- missing requirements: set of reqs
"""
missing = set()
conflicting = set()
if reqs:
ws = WorkingSet(self._lib_dirs)
for req in reqs:
try:
if ws.find(Requirement.parse(req)) is None:
missing.add(req)
except VersionConflict as e:
conflicting.add((str(e.args[0].as_requirement()),
str(e.args[1])))
return conflicting, missing
def install_requirements(
self,
finder, # type: PackageFinder
requirements, # type: Iterable[str]
prefix_as_string, # type: str
message # type: str
):
# type: (...) -> None
prefix = self._prefixes[prefix_as_string]
assert not prefix.setup
prefix.setup = True
if not requirements:
return
args = [
sys.executable, os.path.dirname(pip_location), 'install',
'--ignore-installed', '--no-user', '--prefix', prefix.path,
'--no-warn-script-location',
] # type: List[str]
if logger.getEffectiveLevel() <= logging.DEBUG:
args.append('-v')
for format_control in ('no_binary', 'only_binary'):
formats = getattr(finder.format_control, format_control)
args.extend(('--' + format_control.replace('_', '-'),
','.join(sorted(formats or {':none:'}))))
index_urls = finder.index_urls
if index_urls:
args.extend(['-i', index_urls[0]])
for extra_index in index_urls[1:]:
args.extend(['--extra-index-url', extra_index])
else:
args.append('--no-index')
for link in finder.find_links:
args.extend(['--find-links', link])
for host in finder.trusted_hosts:
args.extend(['--trusted-host', host])
if finder.allow_all_prereleases:
args.append('--pre')
if finder.prefer_binary:
args.append('--prefer-binary')
args.append('--')
args.extend(requirements)
with open_spinner(message) as spinner:
call_subprocess(args, spinner=spinner)
class NoOpBuildEnvironment(BuildEnvironment):
"""A no-op drop-in replacement for BuildEnvironment
"""
def __init__(self):
# type: () -> None
pass
def __enter__(self):
# type: () -> None
pass
def __exit__(
self,
exc_type, # type: Optional[Type[BaseException]]
exc_val, # type: Optional[BaseException]
exc_tb # type: Optional[TracebackType]
):
# type: (...) -> None
pass
def cleanup(self):
# type: () -> None
pass
def install_requirements(
self,
finder, # type: PackageFinder
requirements, # type: Iterable[str]
prefix_as_string, # type: str
message # type: str
):
# type: (...) -> None
raise NotImplementedError()
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/auth.py
|
"""Network Authentication Helpers
Contains interface (MultiDomainBasicAuth) and associated glue code for
providing credentials in the context of network requests.
"""
import logging
from pip._vendor.requests.auth import AuthBase, HTTPBasicAuth
from pip._vendor.requests.utils import get_netrc_auth
from pip._vendor.six.moves.urllib import parse as urllib_parse
from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
ask,
ask_input,
ask_password,
remove_auth_from_url,
split_auth_netloc_from_url,
)
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Dict, Optional, Tuple, List, Any
from pip._internal.vcs.versioncontrol import AuthInfo
from pip._vendor.requests.models import Response, Request
Credentials = Tuple[str, str, str]
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
try:
import keyring # noqa
except ImportError:
keyring = None
except Exception as exc:
logger.warning(
"Keyring is skipped due to an exception: %s", str(exc),
)
keyring = None
def get_keyring_auth(url, username):
# type: (str, str) -> Optional[AuthInfo]
"""Return the tuple auth for a given url from keyring."""
global keyring
if not url or not keyring:
return None
try:
try:
get_credential = keyring.get_credential
except AttributeError:
pass
else:
logger.debug("Getting credentials from keyring for %s", url)
cred = get_credential(url, username)
if cred is not None:
return cred.username, cred.password
return None
if username:
logger.debug("Getting password from keyring for %s", url)
password = keyring.get_password(url, username)
if password:
return username, password
except Exception as exc:
logger.warning(
"Keyring is skipped due to an exception: %s", str(exc),
)
keyring = None
return None
class MultiDomainBasicAuth(AuthBase):
def __init__(self, prompting=True, index_urls=None):
# type: (bool, Optional[List[str]]) -> None
self.prompting = prompting
self.index_urls = index_urls
self.passwords = {} # type: Dict[str, AuthInfo]
# When the user is prompted to enter credentials and keyring is
# available, we will offer to save them. If the user accepts,
# this value is set to the credentials they entered. After the
# request authenticates, the caller should call
# ``save_credentials`` to save these.
self._credentials_to_save = None # type: Optional[Credentials]
def _get_index_url(self, url):
# type: (str) -> Optional[str]
"""Return the original index URL matching the requested URL.
Cached or dynamically generated credentials may work against
the original index URL rather than just the netloc.
The provided url should have had its username and password
removed already. If the original index url had credentials then
they will be included in the return value.
Returns None if no matching index was found, or if --no-index
was specified by the user.
"""
if not url or not self.index_urls:
return None
for u in self.index_urls:
prefix = remove_auth_from_url(u).rstrip("/") + "/"
if url.startswith(prefix):
return u
return None
def _get_new_credentials(self, original_url, allow_netrc=True,
allow_keyring=True):
# type: (str, bool, bool) -> AuthInfo
"""Find and return credentials for the specified URL."""
# Split the credentials and netloc from the url.
url, netloc, url_user_password = split_auth_netloc_from_url(
original_url,
)
# Start with the credentials embedded in the url
username, password = url_user_password
if username is not None and password is not None:
logger.debug("Found credentials in url for %s", netloc)
return url_user_password
# Find a matching index url for this request
index_url = self._get_index_url(url)
if index_url:
# Split the credentials from the url.
index_info = split_auth_netloc_from_url(index_url)
if index_info:
index_url, _, index_url_user_password = index_info
logger.debug("Found index url %s", index_url)
# If an index URL was found, try its embedded credentials
if index_url and index_url_user_password[0] is not None:
username, password = index_url_user_password
if username is not None and password is not None:
logger.debug("Found credentials in index url for %s", netloc)
return index_url_user_password
# Get creds from netrc if we still don't have them
if allow_netrc:
netrc_auth = get_netrc_auth(original_url)
if netrc_auth:
logger.debug("Found credentials in netrc for %s", netloc)
return netrc_auth
# If we don't have a password and keyring is available, use it.
if allow_keyring:
# The index url is more specific than the netloc, so try it first
kr_auth = (
get_keyring_auth(index_url, username) or
get_keyring_auth(netloc, username)
)
if kr_auth:
logger.debug("Found credentials in keyring for %s", netloc)
return kr_auth
return username, password
def _get_url_and_credentials(self, original_url):
# type: (str) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str], Optional[str]]
"""Return the credentials to use for the provided URL.
If allowed, netrc and keyring may be used to obtain the
correct credentials.
Returns (url_without_credentials, username, password). Note
that even if the original URL contains credentials, this
function may return a different username and password.
"""
url, netloc, _ = split_auth_netloc_from_url(original_url)
# Use any stored credentials that we have for this netloc
username, password = self.passwords.get(netloc, (None, None))
if username is None and password is None:
# No stored credentials. Acquire new credentials without prompting
# the user. (e.g. from netrc, keyring, or the URL itself)
username, password = self._get_new_credentials(original_url)
if username is not None or password is not None:
# Convert the username and password if they're None, so that
# this netloc will show up as "cached" in the conditional above.
# Further, HTTPBasicAuth doesn't accept None, so it makes sense to
# cache the value that is going to be used.
username = username or ""
password = password or ""
# Store any acquired credentials.
self.passwords[netloc] = (username, password)
assert (
# Credentials were found
(username is not None and password is not None) or
# Credentials were not found
(username is None and password is None)
), "Could not load credentials from url: {}".format(original_url)
return url, username, password
def __call__(self, req):
# type: (Request) -> Request
# Get credentials for this request
url, username, password = self._get_url_and_credentials(req.url)
# Set the url of the request to the url without any credentials
req.url = url
if username is not None and password is not None:
# Send the basic auth with this request
req = HTTPBasicAuth(username, password)(req)
# Attach a hook to handle 401 responses
req.register_hook("response", self.handle_401)
return req
# Factored out to allow for easy patching in tests
def _prompt_for_password(self, netloc):
# type: (str) -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str], bool]
username = ask_input("User for {}: ".format(netloc))
if not username:
return None, None, False
auth = get_keyring_auth(netloc, username)
if auth and auth[0] is not None and auth[1] is not None:
return auth[0], auth[1], False
password = ask_password("Password: ")
return username, password, True
# Factored out to allow for easy patching in tests
def _should_save_password_to_keyring(self):
# type: () -> bool
if not keyring:
return False
return ask("Save credentials to keyring [y/N]: ", ["y", "n"]) == "y"
def handle_401(self, resp, **kwargs):
# type: (Response, **Any) -> Response
# We only care about 401 responses, anything else we want to just
# pass through the actual response
if resp.status_code != 401:
return resp
# We are not able to prompt the user so simply return the response
if not self.prompting:
return resp
parsed = urllib_parse.urlparse(resp.url)
# Prompt the user for a new username and password
username, password, save = self._prompt_for_password(parsed.netloc)
# Store the new username and password to use for future requests
self._credentials_to_save = None
if username is not None and password is not None:
self.passwords[parsed.netloc] = (username, password)
# Prompt to save the password to keyring
if save and self._should_save_password_to_keyring():
self._credentials_to_save = (parsed.netloc, username, password)
# Consume content and release the original connection to allow our new
# request to reuse the same one.
resp.content
resp.raw.release_conn()
# Add our new username and password to the request
req = HTTPBasicAuth(username or "", password or "")(resp.request)
req.register_hook("response", self.warn_on_401)
# On successful request, save the credentials that were used to
# keyring. (Note that if the user responded "no" above, this member
# is not set and nothing will be saved.)
if self._credentials_to_save:
req.register_hook("response", self.save_credentials)
# Send our new request
new_resp = resp.connection.send(req, **kwargs)
new_resp.history.append(resp)
return new_resp
def warn_on_401(self, resp, **kwargs):
# type: (Response, **Any) -> None
"""Response callback to warn about incorrect credentials."""
if resp.status_code == 401:
logger.warning(
'401 Error, Credentials not correct for %s', resp.request.url,
)
def save_credentials(self, resp, **kwargs):
# type: (Response, **Any) -> None
"""Response callback to save credentials on success."""
assert keyring is not None, "should never reach here without keyring"
if not keyring:
return
creds = self._credentials_to_save
self._credentials_to_save = None
if creds and resp.status_code < 400:
try:
logger.info('Saving credentials to keyring')
keyring.set_password(*creds)
except Exception:
logger.exception('Failed to save credentials')
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/xmlrpc.py
|
"""xmlrpclib.Transport implementation
"""
import logging
# NOTE: XMLRPC Client is not annotated in typeshed as on 2017-07-17, which is
# why we ignore the type on this import
from pip._vendor.six.moves import xmlrpc_client # type: ignore
from pip._vendor.six.moves.urllib import parse as urllib_parse
from pip._internal.exceptions import NetworkConnectionError
from pip._internal.network.utils import raise_for_status
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Dict
from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class PipXmlrpcTransport(xmlrpc_client.Transport):
"""Provide a `xmlrpclib.Transport` implementation via a `PipSession`
object.
"""
def __init__(self, index_url, session, use_datetime=False):
# type: (str, PipSession, bool) -> None
xmlrpc_client.Transport.__init__(self, use_datetime)
index_parts = urllib_parse.urlparse(index_url)
self._scheme = index_parts.scheme
self._session = session
def request(self, host, handler, request_body, verbose=False):
# type: (str, str, Dict[str, str], bool) -> None
parts = (self._scheme, host, handler, None, None, None)
url = urllib_parse.urlunparse(parts)
try:
headers = {'Content-Type': 'text/xml'}
response = self._session.post(url, data=request_body,
headers=headers, stream=True)
raise_for_status(response)
self.verbose = verbose
return self.parse_response(response.raw)
except NetworkConnectionError as exc:
assert exc.response
logger.critical(
"HTTP error %s while getting %s",
exc.response.status_code, url,
)
raise
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/download.py
|
"""Download files with progress indicators.
"""
import cgi
import logging
import mimetypes
import os
from pip._vendor.requests.models import CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE
from pip._internal.cli.progress_bars import DownloadProgressProvider
from pip._internal.exceptions import NetworkConnectionError
from pip._internal.models.index import PyPI
from pip._internal.network.cache import is_from_cache
from pip._internal.network.utils import (
HEADERS,
raise_for_status,
response_chunks,
)
from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
format_size,
redact_auth_from_url,
splitext,
)
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Iterable, Optional
from pip._vendor.requests.models import Response
from pip._internal.models.link import Link
from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def _get_http_response_size(resp):
# type: (Response) -> Optional[int]
try:
return int(resp.headers['content-length'])
except (ValueError, KeyError, TypeError):
return None
def _prepare_download(
resp, # type: Response
link, # type: Link
progress_bar # type: str
):
# type: (...) -> Iterable[bytes]
total_length = _get_http_response_size(resp)
if link.netloc == PyPI.file_storage_domain:
url = link.show_url
else:
url = link.url_without_fragment
logged_url = redact_auth_from_url(url)
if total_length:
logged_url = '{} ({})'.format(logged_url, format_size(total_length))
if is_from_cache(resp):
logger.info("Using cached %s", logged_url)
else:
logger.info("Downloading %s", logged_url)
if logger.getEffectiveLevel() > logging.INFO:
show_progress = False
elif is_from_cache(resp):
show_progress = False
elif not total_length:
show_progress = True
elif total_length > (40 * 1000):
show_progress = True
else:
show_progress = False
chunks = response_chunks(resp, CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE)
if not show_progress:
return chunks
return DownloadProgressProvider(
progress_bar, max=total_length
)(chunks)
def sanitize_content_filename(filename):
# type: (str) -> str
"""
Sanitize the "filename" value from a Content-Disposition header.
"""
return os.path.basename(filename)
def parse_content_disposition(content_disposition, default_filename):
# type: (str, str) -> str
"""
Parse the "filename" value from a Content-Disposition header, and
return the default filename if the result is empty.
"""
_type, params = cgi.parse_header(content_disposition)
filename = params.get('filename')
if filename:
# We need to sanitize the filename to prevent directory traversal
# in case the filename contains ".." path parts.
filename = sanitize_content_filename(filename)
return filename or default_filename
def _get_http_response_filename(resp, link):
# type: (Response, Link) -> str
"""Get an ideal filename from the given HTTP response, falling back to
the link filename if not provided.
"""
filename = link.filename # fallback
# Have a look at the Content-Disposition header for a better guess
content_disposition = resp.headers.get('content-disposition')
if content_disposition:
filename = parse_content_disposition(content_disposition, filename)
ext = splitext(filename)[1] # type: Optional[str]
if not ext:
ext = mimetypes.guess_extension(
resp.headers.get('content-type', '')
)
if ext:
filename += ext
if not ext and link.url != resp.url:
ext = os.path.splitext(resp.url)[1]
if ext:
filename += ext
return filename
def _http_get_download(session, link):
# type: (PipSession, Link) -> Response
target_url = link.url.split('#', 1)[0]
resp = session.get(target_url, headers=HEADERS, stream=True)
raise_for_status(resp)
return resp
class Download(object):
def __init__(
self,
response, # type: Response
filename, # type: str
chunks, # type: Iterable[bytes]
):
# type: (...) -> None
self.response = response
self.filename = filename
self.chunks = chunks
class Downloader(object):
def __init__(
self,
session, # type: PipSession
progress_bar, # type: str
):
# type: (...) -> None
self._session = session
self._progress_bar = progress_bar
def __call__(self, link):
# type: (Link) -> Download
try:
resp = _http_get_download(self._session, link)
except NetworkConnectionError as e:
assert e.response is not None
logger.critical(
"HTTP error %s while getting %s", e.response.status_code, link
)
raise
return Download(
resp,
_get_http_response_filename(resp, link),
_prepare_download(resp, link, self._progress_bar),
)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/session.py
|
"""PipSession and supporting code, containing all pip-specific
network request configuration and behavior.
"""
# The following comment should be removed at some point in the future.
# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs=False
import email.utils
import json
import logging
import mimetypes
import os
import platform
import sys
import warnings
from pip._vendor import requests, six, urllib3
from pip._vendor.cachecontrol import CacheControlAdapter
from pip._vendor.requests.adapters import BaseAdapter, HTTPAdapter
from pip._vendor.requests.models import Response
from pip._vendor.requests.structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
from pip._vendor.six.moves.urllib import parse as urllib_parse
from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning
from pip import __version__
from pip._internal.network.auth import MultiDomainBasicAuth
from pip._internal.network.cache import SafeFileCache
# Import ssl from compat so the initial import occurs in only one place.
from pip._internal.utils.compat import has_tls, ipaddress
from pip._internal.utils.glibc import libc_ver
from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
build_url_from_netloc,
get_installed_version,
parse_netloc,
)
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
from pip._internal.utils.urls import url_to_path
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import (
Iterator, List, Optional, Tuple, Union,
)
from pip._internal.models.link import Link
SecureOrigin = Tuple[str, str, Optional[Union[int, str]]]
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# Ignore warning raised when using --trusted-host.
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=InsecureRequestWarning)
SECURE_ORIGINS = [
# protocol, hostname, port
# Taken from Chrome's list of secure origins (See: http://bit.ly/1qrySKC)
("https", "*", "*"),
("*", "localhost", "*"),
("*", "127.0.0.0/8", "*"),
("*", "::1/128", "*"),
("file", "*", None),
# ssh is always secure.
("ssh", "*", "*"),
] # type: List[SecureOrigin]
# These are environment variables present when running under various
# CI systems. For each variable, some CI systems that use the variable
# are indicated. The collection was chosen so that for each of a number
# of popular systems, at least one of the environment variables is used.
# This list is used to provide some indication of and lower bound for
# CI traffic to PyPI. Thus, it is okay if the list is not comprehensive.
# For more background, see: https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5499
CI_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLES = (
# Azure Pipelines
'BUILD_BUILDID',
# Jenkins
'BUILD_ID',
# AppVeyor, CircleCI, Codeship, Gitlab CI, Shippable, Travis CI
'CI',
# Explicit environment variable.
'PIP_IS_CI',
)
def looks_like_ci():
# type: () -> bool
"""
Return whether it looks like pip is running under CI.
"""
# We don't use the method of checking for a tty (e.g. using isatty())
# because some CI systems mimic a tty (e.g. Travis CI). Thus that
# method doesn't provide definitive information in either direction.
return any(name in os.environ for name in CI_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLES)
def user_agent():
"""
Return a string representing the user agent.
"""
data = {
"installer": {"name": "pip", "version": __version__},
"python": platform.python_version(),
"implementation": {
"name": platform.python_implementation(),
},
}
if data["implementation"]["name"] == 'CPython':
data["implementation"]["version"] = platform.python_version()
elif data["implementation"]["name"] == 'PyPy':
if sys.pypy_version_info.releaselevel == 'final':
pypy_version_info = sys.pypy_version_info[:3]
else:
pypy_version_info = sys.pypy_version_info
data["implementation"]["version"] = ".".join(
[str(x) for x in pypy_version_info]
)
elif data["implementation"]["name"] == 'Jython':
# Complete Guess
data["implementation"]["version"] = platform.python_version()
elif data["implementation"]["name"] == 'IronPython':
# Complete Guess
data["implementation"]["version"] = platform.python_version()
if sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
from pip._vendor import distro
distro_infos = dict(filter(
lambda x: x[1],
zip(["name", "version", "id"], distro.linux_distribution()),
))
libc = dict(filter(
lambda x: x[1],
zip(["lib", "version"], libc_ver()),
))
if libc:
distro_infos["libc"] = libc
if distro_infos:
data["distro"] = distro_infos
if sys.platform.startswith("darwin") and platform.mac_ver()[0]:
data["distro"] = {"name": "macOS", "version": platform.mac_ver()[0]}
if platform.system():
data.setdefault("system", {})["name"] = platform.system()
if platform.release():
data.setdefault("system", {})["release"] = platform.release()
if platform.machine():
data["cpu"] = platform.machine()
if has_tls():
import _ssl as ssl
data["openssl_version"] = ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION
setuptools_version = get_installed_version("setuptools")
if setuptools_version is not None:
data["setuptools_version"] = setuptools_version
# Use None rather than False so as not to give the impression that
# pip knows it is not being run under CI. Rather, it is a null or
# inconclusive result. Also, we include some value rather than no
# value to make it easier to know that the check has been run.
data["ci"] = True if looks_like_ci() else None
user_data = os.environ.get("PIP_USER_AGENT_USER_DATA")
if user_data is not None:
data["user_data"] = user_data
return "{data[installer][name]}/{data[installer][version]} {json}".format(
data=data,
json=json.dumps(data, separators=(",", ":"), sort_keys=True),
)
class LocalFSAdapter(BaseAdapter):
def send(self, request, stream=None, timeout=None, verify=None, cert=None,
proxies=None):
pathname = url_to_path(request.url)
resp = Response()
resp.status_code = 200
resp.url = request.url
try:
stats = os.stat(pathname)
except OSError as exc:
resp.status_code = 404
resp.raw = exc
else:
modified = email.utils.formatdate(stats.st_mtime, usegmt=True)
content_type = mimetypes.guess_type(pathname)[0] or "text/plain"
resp.headers = CaseInsensitiveDict({
"Content-Type": content_type,
"Content-Length": stats.st_size,
"Last-Modified": modified,
})
resp.raw = open(pathname, "rb")
resp.close = resp.raw.close
return resp
def close(self):
pass
class InsecureHTTPAdapter(HTTPAdapter):
def cert_verify(self, conn, url, verify, cert):
super(InsecureHTTPAdapter, self).cert_verify(
conn=conn, url=url, verify=False, cert=cert
)
class InsecureCacheControlAdapter(CacheControlAdapter):
def cert_verify(self, conn, url, verify, cert):
super(InsecureCacheControlAdapter, self).cert_verify(
conn=conn, url=url, verify=False, cert=cert
)
class PipSession(requests.Session):
timeout = None # type: Optional[int]
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
:param trusted_hosts: Domains not to emit warnings for when not using
HTTPS.
"""
retries = kwargs.pop("retries", 0)
cache = kwargs.pop("cache", None)
trusted_hosts = kwargs.pop("trusted_hosts", []) # type: List[str]
index_urls = kwargs.pop("index_urls", None)
super(PipSession, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
# Namespace the attribute with "pip_" just in case to prevent
# possible conflicts with the base class.
self.pip_trusted_origins = [] # type: List[Tuple[str, Optional[int]]]
# Attach our User Agent to the request
self.headers["User-Agent"] = user_agent()
# Attach our Authentication handler to the session
self.auth = MultiDomainBasicAuth(index_urls=index_urls)
# Create our urllib3.Retry instance which will allow us to customize
# how we handle retries.
retries = urllib3.Retry(
# Set the total number of retries that a particular request can
# have.
total=retries,
# A 503 error from PyPI typically means that the Fastly -> Origin
# connection got interrupted in some way. A 503 error in general
# is typically considered a transient error so we'll go ahead and
# retry it.
# A 500 may indicate transient error in Amazon S3
# A 520 or 527 - may indicate transient error in CloudFlare
status_forcelist=[500, 503, 520, 527],
# Add a small amount of back off between failed requests in
# order to prevent hammering the service.
backoff_factor=0.25,
)
# Our Insecure HTTPAdapter disables HTTPS validation. It does not
# support caching so we'll use it for all http:// URLs.
# If caching is disabled, we will also use it for
# https:// hosts that we've marked as ignoring
# TLS errors for (trusted-hosts).
insecure_adapter = InsecureHTTPAdapter(max_retries=retries)
# We want to _only_ cache responses on securely fetched origins or when
# the host is specified as trusted. We do this because
# we can't validate the response of an insecurely/untrusted fetched
# origin, and we don't want someone to be able to poison the cache and
# require manual eviction from the cache to fix it.
if cache:
secure_adapter = CacheControlAdapter(
cache=SafeFileCache(cache),
max_retries=retries,
)
self._trusted_host_adapter = InsecureCacheControlAdapter(
cache=SafeFileCache(cache),
max_retries=retries,
)
else:
secure_adapter = HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retries)
self._trusted_host_adapter = insecure_adapter
self.mount("https://", secure_adapter)
self.mount("http://", insecure_adapter)
# Enable file:// urls
self.mount("file://", LocalFSAdapter())
for host in trusted_hosts:
self.add_trusted_host(host, suppress_logging=True)
def add_trusted_host(self, host, source=None, suppress_logging=False):
# type: (str, Optional[str], bool) -> None
"""
:param host: It is okay to provide a host that has previously been
added.
:param source: An optional source string, for logging where the host
string came from.
"""
if not suppress_logging:
msg = 'adding trusted host: {!r}'.format(host)
if source is not None:
msg += ' (from {})'.format(source)
logger.info(msg)
host_port = parse_netloc(host)
if host_port not in self.pip_trusted_origins:
self.pip_trusted_origins.append(host_port)
self.mount(
build_url_from_netloc(host) + '/',
self._trusted_host_adapter
)
if not host_port[1]:
# Mount wildcard ports for the same host.
self.mount(
build_url_from_netloc(host) + ':',
self._trusted_host_adapter
)
def iter_secure_origins(self):
# type: () -> Iterator[SecureOrigin]
for secure_origin in SECURE_ORIGINS:
yield secure_origin
for host, port in self.pip_trusted_origins:
yield ('*', host, '*' if port is None else port)
def is_secure_origin(self, location):
# type: (Link) -> bool
# Determine if this url used a secure transport mechanism
parsed = urllib_parse.urlparse(str(location))
origin_protocol, origin_host, origin_port = (
parsed.scheme, parsed.hostname, parsed.port,
)
# The protocol to use to see if the protocol matches.
# Don't count the repository type as part of the protocol: in
# cases such as "git+ssh", only use "ssh". (I.e., Only verify against
# the last scheme.)
origin_protocol = origin_protocol.rsplit('+', 1)[-1]
# Determine if our origin is a secure origin by looking through our
# hardcoded list of secure origins, as well as any additional ones
# configured on this PackageFinder instance.
for secure_origin in self.iter_secure_origins():
secure_protocol, secure_host, secure_port = secure_origin
if origin_protocol != secure_protocol and secure_protocol != "*":
continue
try:
addr = ipaddress.ip_address(
None
if origin_host is None
else six.ensure_text(origin_host)
)
network = ipaddress.ip_network(
six.ensure_text(secure_host)
)
except ValueError:
# We don't have both a valid address or a valid network, so
# we'll check this origin against hostnames.
if (
origin_host and
origin_host.lower() != secure_host.lower() and
secure_host != "*"
):
continue
else:
# We have a valid address and network, so see if the address
# is contained within the network.
if addr not in network:
continue
# Check to see if the port matches.
if (
origin_port != secure_port and
secure_port != "*" and
secure_port is not None
):
continue
# If we've gotten here, then this origin matches the current
# secure origin and we should return True
return True
# If we've gotten to this point, then the origin isn't secure and we
# will not accept it as a valid location to search. We will however
# log a warning that we are ignoring it.
logger.warning(
"The repository located at %s is not a trusted or secure host and "
"is being ignored. If this repository is available via HTTPS we "
"recommend you use HTTPS instead, otherwise you may silence "
"this warning and allow it anyway with '--trusted-host %s'.",
origin_host,
origin_host,
)
return False
def request(self, method, url, *args, **kwargs):
# Allow setting a default timeout on a session
kwargs.setdefault("timeout", self.timeout)
# Dispatch the actual request
return super(PipSession, self).request(method, url, *args, **kwargs)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/cache.py
|
"""HTTP cache implementation.
"""
import os
from contextlib import contextmanager
from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import BaseCache
from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.caches import FileCache
from pip._vendor.requests.models import Response
from pip._internal.utils.filesystem import adjacent_tmp_file, replace
from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Optional, Iterator
def is_from_cache(response):
# type: (Response) -> bool
return getattr(response, "from_cache", False)
@contextmanager
def suppressed_cache_errors():
# type: () -> Iterator[None]
"""If we can't access the cache then we can just skip caching and process
requests as if caching wasn't enabled.
"""
try:
yield
except (OSError, IOError):
pass
class SafeFileCache(BaseCache):
"""
A file based cache which is safe to use even when the target directory may
not be accessible or writable.
"""
def __init__(self, directory):
# type: (str) -> None
assert directory is not None, "Cache directory must not be None."
super(SafeFileCache, self).__init__()
self.directory = directory
def _get_cache_path(self, name):
# type: (str) -> str
# From cachecontrol.caches.file_cache.FileCache._fn, brought into our
# class for backwards-compatibility and to avoid using a non-public
# method.
hashed = FileCache.encode(name)
parts = list(hashed[:5]) + [hashed]
return os.path.join(self.directory, *parts)
def get(self, key):
# type: (str) -> Optional[bytes]
path = self._get_cache_path(key)
with suppressed_cache_errors():
with open(path, 'rb') as f:
return f.read()
def set(self, key, value):
# type: (str, bytes) -> None
path = self._get_cache_path(key)
with suppressed_cache_errors():
ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(path))
with adjacent_tmp_file(path) as f:
f.write(value)
replace(f.name, path)
def delete(self, key):
# type: (str) -> None
path = self._get_cache_path(key)
with suppressed_cache_errors():
os.remove(path)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/__init__.py
|
"""Contains purely network-related utilities.
"""
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/utils.py
|
from pip._vendor.requests.models import CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE, Response
from pip._internal.exceptions import NetworkConnectionError
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Dict, Iterator
# The following comments and HTTP headers were originally added by
# Donald Stufft in git commit 22c562429a61bb77172039e480873fb239dd8c03.
#
# We use Accept-Encoding: identity here because requests defaults to
# accepting compressed responses. This breaks in a variety of ways
# depending on how the server is configured.
# - Some servers will notice that the file isn't a compressible file
# and will leave the file alone and with an empty Content-Encoding
# - Some servers will notice that the file is already compressed and
# will leave the file alone, adding a Content-Encoding: gzip header
# - Some servers won't notice anything at all and will take a file
# that's already been compressed and compress it again, and set
# the Content-Encoding: gzip header
# By setting this to request only the identity encoding we're hoping
# to eliminate the third case. Hopefully there does not exist a server
# which when given a file will notice it is already compressed and that
# you're not asking for a compressed file and will then decompress it
# before sending because if that's the case I don't think it'll ever be
# possible to make this work.
HEADERS = {'Accept-Encoding': 'identity'} # type: Dict[str, str]
def raise_for_status(resp):
# type: (Response) -> None
http_error_msg = u''
if isinstance(resp.reason, bytes):
# We attempt to decode utf-8 first because some servers
# choose to localize their reason strings. If the string
# isn't utf-8, we fall back to iso-8859-1 for all other
# encodings.
try:
reason = resp.reason.decode('utf-8')
except UnicodeDecodeError:
reason = resp.reason.decode('iso-8859-1')
else:
reason = resp.reason
if 400 <= resp.status_code < 500:
http_error_msg = u'%s Client Error: %s for url: %s' % (
resp.status_code, reason, resp.url)
elif 500 <= resp.status_code < 600:
http_error_msg = u'%s Server Error: %s for url: %s' % (
resp.status_code, reason, resp.url)
if http_error_msg:
raise NetworkConnectionError(http_error_msg, response=resp)
def response_chunks(response, chunk_size=CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE):
# type: (Response, int) -> Iterator[bytes]
"""Given a requests Response, provide the data chunks.
"""
try:
# Special case for urllib3.
for chunk in response.raw.stream(
chunk_size,
# We use decode_content=False here because we don't
# want urllib3 to mess with the raw bytes we get
# from the server. If we decompress inside of
# urllib3 then we cannot verify the checksum
# because the checksum will be of the compressed
# file. This breakage will only occur if the
# server adds a Content-Encoding header, which
# depends on how the server was configured:
# - Some servers will notice that the file isn't a
# compressible file and will leave the file alone
# and with an empty Content-Encoding
# - Some servers will notice that the file is
# already compressed and will leave the file
# alone and will add a Content-Encoding: gzip
# header
# - Some servers won't notice anything at all and
# will take a file that's already been compressed
# and compress it again and set the
# Content-Encoding: gzip header
#
# By setting this not to decode automatically we
# hope to eliminate problems with the second case.
decode_content=False,
):
yield chunk
except AttributeError:
# Standard file-like object.
while True:
chunk = response.raw.read(chunk_size)
if not chunk:
break
yield chunk
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/lazy_wheel.py
|
"""Lazy ZIP over HTTP"""
__all__ = ['HTTPRangeRequestUnsupported', 'dist_from_wheel_url']
from bisect import bisect_left, bisect_right
from contextlib import contextmanager
from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
from zipfile import BadZipfile, ZipFile
from pip._vendor.requests.models import CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE
from pip._vendor.six.moves import range
from pip._internal.network.utils import (
HEADERS,
raise_for_status,
response_chunks,
)
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
from pip._internal.utils.wheel import pkg_resources_distribution_for_wheel
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Any, Dict, Iterator, List, Optional, Tuple
from pip._vendor.pkg_resources import Distribution
from pip._vendor.requests.models import Response
from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
class HTTPRangeRequestUnsupported(Exception):
pass
def dist_from_wheel_url(name, url, session):
# type: (str, str, PipSession) -> Distribution
"""Return a pkg_resources.Distribution from the given wheel URL.
This uses HTTP range requests to only fetch the potion of the wheel
containing metadata, just enough for the object to be constructed.
If such requests are not supported, HTTPRangeRequestUnsupported
is raised.
"""
with LazyZipOverHTTP(url, session) as wheel:
# For read-only ZIP files, ZipFile only needs methods read,
# seek, seekable and tell, not the whole IO protocol.
zip_file = ZipFile(wheel) # type: ignore
# After context manager exit, wheel.name
# is an invalid file by intention.
return pkg_resources_distribution_for_wheel(zip_file, name, wheel.name)
class LazyZipOverHTTP(object):
"""File-like object mapped to a ZIP file over HTTP.
This uses HTTP range requests to lazily fetch the file's content,
which is supposed to be fed to ZipFile. If such requests are not
supported by the server, raise HTTPRangeRequestUnsupported
during initialization.
"""
def __init__(self, url, session, chunk_size=CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE):
# type: (str, PipSession, int) -> None
head = session.head(url, headers=HEADERS)
raise_for_status(head)
assert head.status_code == 200
self._session, self._url, self._chunk_size = session, url, chunk_size
self._length = int(head.headers['Content-Length'])
self._file = NamedTemporaryFile()
self.truncate(self._length)
self._left = [] # type: List[int]
self._right = [] # type: List[int]
if 'bytes' not in head.headers.get('Accept-Ranges', 'none'):
raise HTTPRangeRequestUnsupported('range request is not supported')
self._check_zip()
@property
def mode(self):
# type: () -> str
"""Opening mode, which is always rb."""
return 'rb'
@property
def name(self):
# type: () -> str
"""Path to the underlying file."""
return self._file.name
def seekable(self):
# type: () -> bool
"""Return whether random access is supported, which is True."""
return True
def close(self):
# type: () -> None
"""Close the file."""
self._file.close()
@property
def closed(self):
# type: () -> bool
"""Whether the file is closed."""
return self._file.closed
def read(self, size=-1):
# type: (int) -> bytes
"""Read up to size bytes from the object and return them.
As a convenience, if size is unspecified or -1,
all bytes until EOF are returned. Fewer than
size bytes may be returned if EOF is reached.
"""
download_size = max(size, self._chunk_size)
start, length = self.tell(), self._length
stop = length if size < 0 else min(start+download_size, length)
start = max(0, stop-download_size)
self._download(start, stop-1)
return self._file.read(size)
def readable(self):
# type: () -> bool
"""Return whether the file is readable, which is True."""
return True
def seek(self, offset, whence=0):
# type: (int, int) -> int
"""Change stream position and return the new absolute position.
Seek to offset relative position indicated by whence:
* 0: Start of stream (the default). pos should be >= 0;
* 1: Current position - pos may be negative;
* 2: End of stream - pos usually negative.
"""
return self._file.seek(offset, whence)
def tell(self):
# type: () -> int
"""Return the current possition."""
return self._file.tell()
def truncate(self, size=None):
# type: (Optional[int]) -> int
"""Resize the stream to the given size in bytes.
If size is unspecified resize to the current position.
The current stream position isn't changed.
Return the new file size.
"""
return self._file.truncate(size)
def writable(self):
# type: () -> bool
"""Return False."""
return False
def __enter__(self):
# type: () -> LazyZipOverHTTP
self._file.__enter__()
return self
def __exit__(self, *exc):
# type: (*Any) -> Optional[bool]
return self._file.__exit__(*exc)
@contextmanager
def _stay(self):
# type: ()-> Iterator[None]
"""Return a context manager keeping the position.
At the end of the block, seek back to original position.
"""
pos = self.tell()
try:
yield
finally:
self.seek(pos)
def _check_zip(self):
# type: () -> None
"""Check and download until the file is a valid ZIP."""
end = self._length - 1
for start in reversed(range(0, end, self._chunk_size)):
self._download(start, end)
with self._stay():
try:
# For read-only ZIP files, ZipFile only needs
# methods read, seek, seekable and tell.
ZipFile(self) # type: ignore
except BadZipfile:
pass
else:
break
def _stream_response(self, start, end, base_headers=HEADERS):
# type: (int, int, Dict[str, str]) -> Response
"""Return HTTP response to a range request from start to end."""
headers = base_headers.copy()
headers['Range'] = 'bytes={}-{}'.format(start, end)
# TODO: Get range requests to be correctly cached
headers['Cache-Control'] = 'no-cache'
return self._session.get(self._url, headers=headers, stream=True)
def _merge(self, start, end, left, right):
# type: (int, int, int, int) -> Iterator[Tuple[int, int]]
"""Return an iterator of intervals to be fetched.
Args:
start (int): Start of needed interval
end (int): End of needed interval
left (int): Index of first overlapping downloaded data
right (int): Index after last overlapping downloaded data
"""
lslice, rslice = self._left[left:right], self._right[left:right]
i = start = min([start]+lslice[:1])
end = max([end]+rslice[-1:])
for j, k in zip(lslice, rslice):
if j > i:
yield i, j-1
i = k + 1
if i <= end:
yield i, end
self._left[left:right], self._right[left:right] = [start], [end]
def _download(self, start, end):
# type: (int, int) -> None
"""Download bytes from start to end inclusively."""
with self._stay():
left = bisect_left(self._right, start)
right = bisect_right(self._left, end)
for start, end in self._merge(start, end, left, right):
response = self._stream_response(start, end)
response.raise_for_status()
self.seek(start)
for chunk in response_chunks(response, self._chunk_size):
self._file.write(chunk)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/logging.py
|
# The following comment should be removed at some point in the future.
# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs=False
from __future__ import absolute_import
import contextlib
import errno
import logging
import logging.handlers
import os
import sys
from logging import Filter, getLogger
from pip._vendor.six import PY2
from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
from pip._internal.utils.deprecation import DEPRECATION_MSG_PREFIX
from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir
try:
import threading
except ImportError:
import dummy_threading as threading # type: ignore
try:
# Use "import as" and set colorama in the else clause to avoid mypy
# errors and get the following correct revealed type for colorama:
# `Union[_importlib_modulespec.ModuleType, None]`
# Otherwise, we get an error like the following in the except block:
# > Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "None",
# variable has type Module)
# TODO: eliminate the need to use "import as" once mypy addresses some
# of its issues with conditional imports. Here is an umbrella issue:
# https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/1297
from pip._vendor import colorama as _colorama
# Lots of different errors can come from this, including SystemError and
# ImportError.
except Exception:
colorama = None
else:
# Import Fore explicitly rather than accessing below as colorama.Fore
# to avoid the following error running mypy:
# > Module has no attribute "Fore"
# TODO: eliminate the need to import Fore once mypy addresses some of its
# issues with conditional imports. This particular case could be an
# instance of the following issue (but also see the umbrella issue above):
# https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/3500
from pip._vendor.colorama import Fore
colorama = _colorama
_log_state = threading.local()
subprocess_logger = getLogger('pip.subprocessor')
class BrokenStdoutLoggingError(Exception):
"""
Raised if BrokenPipeError occurs for the stdout stream while logging.
"""
pass
# BrokenPipeError does not exist in Python 2 and, in addition, manifests
# differently in Windows and non-Windows.
if WINDOWS:
# In Windows, a broken pipe can show up as EINVAL rather than EPIPE:
# https://bugs.python.org/issue19612
# https://bugs.python.org/issue30418
if PY2:
def _is_broken_pipe_error(exc_class, exc):
"""See the docstring for non-Windows Python 3 below."""
return (exc_class is IOError and
exc.errno in (errno.EINVAL, errno.EPIPE))
else:
# In Windows, a broken pipe IOError became OSError in Python 3.
def _is_broken_pipe_error(exc_class, exc):
"""See the docstring for non-Windows Python 3 below."""
return ((exc_class is BrokenPipeError) or # noqa: F821
(exc_class is OSError and
exc.errno in (errno.EINVAL, errno.EPIPE)))
elif PY2:
def _is_broken_pipe_error(exc_class, exc):
"""See the docstring for non-Windows Python 3 below."""
return (exc_class is IOError and exc.errno == errno.EPIPE)
else:
# Then we are in the non-Windows Python 3 case.
def _is_broken_pipe_error(exc_class, exc):
"""
Return whether an exception is a broken pipe error.
Args:
exc_class: an exception class.
exc: an exception instance.
"""
return (exc_class is BrokenPipeError) # noqa: F821
@contextlib.contextmanager
def indent_log(num=2):
"""
A context manager which will cause the log output to be indented for any
log messages emitted inside it.
"""
# For thread-safety
_log_state.indentation = get_indentation()
_log_state.indentation += num
try:
yield
finally:
_log_state.indentation -= num
def get_indentation():
return getattr(_log_state, 'indentation', 0)
class IndentingFormatter(logging.Formatter):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
A logging.Formatter that obeys the indent_log() context manager.
:param add_timestamp: A bool indicating output lines should be prefixed
with their record's timestamp.
"""
self.add_timestamp = kwargs.pop("add_timestamp", False)
super(IndentingFormatter, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
def get_message_start(self, formatted, levelno):
"""
Return the start of the formatted log message (not counting the
prefix to add to each line).
"""
if levelno < logging.WARNING:
return ''
if formatted.startswith(DEPRECATION_MSG_PREFIX):
# Then the message already has a prefix. We don't want it to
# look like "WARNING: DEPRECATION: ...."
return ''
if levelno < logging.ERROR:
return 'WARNING: '
return 'ERROR: '
def format(self, record):
"""
Calls the standard formatter, but will indent all of the log message
lines by our current indentation level.
"""
formatted = super(IndentingFormatter, self).format(record)
message_start = self.get_message_start(formatted, record.levelno)
formatted = message_start + formatted
prefix = ''
if self.add_timestamp:
# TODO: Use Formatter.default_time_format after dropping PY2.
t = self.formatTime(record, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S")
prefix = '{t},{record.msecs:03.0f} '.format(**locals())
prefix += " " * get_indentation()
formatted = "".join([
prefix + line
for line in formatted.splitlines(True)
])
return formatted
def _color_wrap(*colors):
def wrapped(inp):
return "".join(list(colors) + [inp, colorama.Style.RESET_ALL])
return wrapped
class ColorizedStreamHandler(logging.StreamHandler):
# Don't build up a list of colors if we don't have colorama
if colorama:
COLORS = [
# This needs to be in order from highest logging level to lowest.
(logging.ERROR, _color_wrap(Fore.RED)),
(logging.WARNING, _color_wrap(Fore.YELLOW)),
]
else:
COLORS = []
def __init__(self, stream=None, no_color=None):
logging.StreamHandler.__init__(self, stream)
self._no_color = no_color
if WINDOWS and colorama:
self.stream = colorama.AnsiToWin32(self.stream)
def _using_stdout(self):
"""
Return whether the handler is using sys.stdout.
"""
if WINDOWS and colorama:
# Then self.stream is an AnsiToWin32 object.
return self.stream.wrapped is sys.stdout
return self.stream is sys.stdout
def should_color(self):
# Don't colorize things if we do not have colorama or if told not to
if not colorama or self._no_color:
return False
real_stream = (
self.stream if not isinstance(self.stream, colorama.AnsiToWin32)
else self.stream.wrapped
)
# If the stream is a tty we should color it
if hasattr(real_stream, "isatty") and real_stream.isatty():
return True
# If we have an ANSI term we should color it
if os.environ.get("TERM") == "ANSI":
return True
# If anything else we should not color it
return False
def format(self, record):
msg = logging.StreamHandler.format(self, record)
if self.should_color():
for level, color in self.COLORS:
if record.levelno >= level:
msg = color(msg)
break
return msg
# The logging module says handleError() can be customized.
def handleError(self, record):
exc_class, exc = sys.exc_info()[:2]
# If a broken pipe occurred while calling write() or flush() on the
# stdout stream in logging's Handler.emit(), then raise our special
# exception so we can handle it in main() instead of logging the
# broken pipe error and continuing.
if (exc_class and self._using_stdout() and
_is_broken_pipe_error(exc_class, exc)):
raise BrokenStdoutLoggingError()
return super(ColorizedStreamHandler, self).handleError(record)
class BetterRotatingFileHandler(logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler):
def _open(self):
ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(self.baseFilename))
return logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler._open(self)
class MaxLevelFilter(Filter):
def __init__(self, level):
self.level = level
def filter(self, record):
return record.levelno < self.level
class ExcludeLoggerFilter(Filter):
"""
A logging Filter that excludes records from a logger (or its children).
"""
def filter(self, record):
# The base Filter class allows only records from a logger (or its
# children).
return not super(ExcludeLoggerFilter, self).filter(record)
def setup_logging(verbosity, no_color, user_log_file):
"""Configures and sets up all of the logging
Returns the requested logging level, as its integer value.
"""
# Determine the level to be logging at.
if verbosity >= 1:
level = "DEBUG"
elif verbosity == -1:
level = "WARNING"
elif verbosity == -2:
level = "ERROR"
elif verbosity <= -3:
level = "CRITICAL"
else:
level = "INFO"
level_number = getattr(logging, level)
# The "root" logger should match the "console" level *unless* we also need
# to log to a user log file.
include_user_log = user_log_file is not None
if include_user_log:
additional_log_file = user_log_file
root_level = "DEBUG"
else:
additional_log_file = "/dev/null"
root_level = level
# Disable any logging besides WARNING unless we have DEBUG level logging
# enabled for vendored libraries.
vendored_log_level = "WARNING" if level in ["INFO", "ERROR"] else "DEBUG"
# Shorthands for clarity
log_streams = {
"stdout": "ext://sys.stdout",
"stderr": "ext://sys.stderr",
}
handler_classes = {
"stream": "pip._internal.utils.logging.ColorizedStreamHandler",
"file": "pip._internal.utils.logging.BetterRotatingFileHandler",
}
handlers = ["console", "console_errors", "console_subprocess"] + (
["user_log"] if include_user_log else []
)
logging.config.dictConfig({
"version": 1,
"disable_existing_loggers": False,
"filters": {
"exclude_warnings": {
"()": "pip._internal.utils.logging.MaxLevelFilter",
"level": logging.WARNING,
},
"restrict_to_subprocess": {
"()": "logging.Filter",
"name": subprocess_logger.name,
},
"exclude_subprocess": {
"()": "pip._internal.utils.logging.ExcludeLoggerFilter",
"name": subprocess_logger.name,
},
},
"formatters": {
"indent": {
"()": IndentingFormatter,
"format": "%(message)s",
},
"indent_with_timestamp": {
"()": IndentingFormatter,
"format": "%(message)s",
"add_timestamp": True,
},
},
"handlers": {
"console": {
"level": level,
"class": handler_classes["stream"],
"no_color": no_color,
"stream": log_streams["stdout"],
"filters": ["exclude_subprocess", "exclude_warnings"],
"formatter": "indent",
},
"console_errors": {
"level": "WARNING",
"class": handler_classes["stream"],
"no_color": no_color,
"stream": log_streams["stderr"],
"filters": ["exclude_subprocess"],
"formatter": "indent",
},
# A handler responsible for logging to the console messages
# from the "subprocessor" logger.
"console_subprocess": {
"level": level,
"class": handler_classes["stream"],
"no_color": no_color,
"stream": log_streams["stderr"],
"filters": ["restrict_to_subprocess"],
"formatter": "indent",
},
"user_log": {
"level": "DEBUG",
"class": handler_classes["file"],
"filename": additional_log_file,
"delay": True,
"formatter": "indent_with_timestamp",
},
},
"root": {
"level": root_level,
"handlers": handlers,
},
"loggers": {
"pip._vendor": {
"level": vendored_log_level
}
},
})
return level_number
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/misc.py
|
# The following comment should be removed at some point in the future.
# mypy: strict-optional=False
# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs=False
from __future__ import absolute_import
import contextlib
import errno
import getpass
import hashlib
import io
import logging
import os
import posixpath
import shutil
import stat
import sys
from collections import deque
from itertools import tee
from pip._vendor import pkg_resources
from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
# NOTE: retrying is not annotated in typeshed as on 2017-07-17, which is
# why we ignore the type on this import.
from pip._vendor.retrying import retry # type: ignore
from pip._vendor.six import PY2, text_type
from pip._vendor.six.moves import filter, filterfalse, input, map, zip_longest
from pip._vendor.six.moves.urllib import parse as urllib_parse
from pip._vendor.six.moves.urllib.parse import unquote as urllib_unquote
from pip import __version__
from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError
from pip._internal.locations import (
get_major_minor_version,
site_packages,
user_site,
)
from pip._internal.utils.compat import (
WINDOWS,
expanduser,
stdlib_pkgs,
str_to_display,
)
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING, cast
from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import (
running_under_virtualenv,
virtualenv_no_global,
)
if PY2:
from io import BytesIO as StringIO
else:
from io import StringIO
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import (
Any, AnyStr, Callable, Container, Iterable, Iterator, List, Optional,
Text, Tuple, TypeVar, Union,
)
from pip._vendor.pkg_resources import Distribution
VersionInfo = Tuple[int, int, int]
T = TypeVar("T")
__all__ = ['rmtree', 'display_path', 'backup_dir',
'ask', 'splitext',
'format_size', 'is_installable_dir',
'normalize_path',
'renames', 'get_prog',
'captured_stdout', 'ensure_dir',
'get_installed_version', 'remove_auth_from_url']
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def get_pip_version():
# type: () -> str
pip_pkg_dir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "..", "..")
pip_pkg_dir = os.path.abspath(pip_pkg_dir)
return (
'pip {} from {} (python {})'.format(
__version__, pip_pkg_dir, get_major_minor_version(),
)
)
def normalize_version_info(py_version_info):
# type: (Tuple[int, ...]) -> Tuple[int, int, int]
"""
Convert a tuple of ints representing a Python version to one of length
three.
:param py_version_info: a tuple of ints representing a Python version,
or None to specify no version. The tuple can have any length.
:return: a tuple of length three if `py_version_info` is non-None.
Otherwise, return `py_version_info` unchanged (i.e. None).
"""
if len(py_version_info) < 3:
py_version_info += (3 - len(py_version_info)) * (0,)
elif len(py_version_info) > 3:
py_version_info = py_version_info[:3]
return cast('VersionInfo', py_version_info)
def ensure_dir(path):
# type: (AnyStr) -> None
"""os.path.makedirs without EEXIST."""
try:
os.makedirs(path)
except OSError as e:
# Windows can raise spurious ENOTEMPTY errors. See #6426.
if e.errno != errno.EEXIST and e.errno != errno.ENOTEMPTY:
raise
def get_prog():
# type: () -> str
try:
prog = os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])
if prog in ('__main__.py', '-c'):
return "{} -m pip".format(sys.executable)
else:
return prog
except (AttributeError, TypeError, IndexError):
pass
return 'pip'
# Retry every half second for up to 3 seconds
@retry(stop_max_delay=3000, wait_fixed=500)
def rmtree(dir, ignore_errors=False):
# type: (Text, bool) -> None
shutil.rmtree(dir, ignore_errors=ignore_errors,
onerror=rmtree_errorhandler)
def rmtree_errorhandler(func, path, exc_info):
"""On Windows, the files in .svn are read-only, so when rmtree() tries to
remove them, an exception is thrown. We catch that here, remove the
read-only attribute, and hopefully continue without problems."""
try:
has_attr_readonly = not (os.stat(path).st_mode & stat.S_IWRITE)
except (IOError, OSError):
# it's equivalent to os.path.exists
return
if has_attr_readonly:
# convert to read/write
os.chmod(path, stat.S_IWRITE)
# use the original function to repeat the operation
func(path)
return
else:
raise
def path_to_display(path):
# type: (Optional[Union[str, Text]]) -> Optional[Text]
"""
Convert a bytes (or text) path to text (unicode in Python 2) for display
and logging purposes.
This function should never error out. Also, this function is mainly needed
for Python 2 since in Python 3 str paths are already text.
"""
if path is None:
return None
if isinstance(path, text_type):
return path
# Otherwise, path is a bytes object (str in Python 2).
try:
display_path = path.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding(), 'strict')
except UnicodeDecodeError:
# Include the full bytes to make troubleshooting easier, even though
# it may not be very human readable.
if PY2:
# Convert the bytes to a readable str representation using
# repr(), and then convert the str to unicode.
# Also, we add the prefix "b" to the repr() return value both
# to make the Python 2 output look like the Python 3 output, and
# to signal to the user that this is a bytes representation.
display_path = str_to_display('b{!r}'.format(path))
else:
# Silence the "F821 undefined name 'ascii'" flake8 error since
# in Python 3 ascii() is a built-in.
display_path = ascii(path) # noqa: F821
return display_path
def display_path(path):
# type: (Union[str, Text]) -> str
"""Gives the display value for a given path, making it relative to cwd
if possible."""
path = os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(path))
if sys.version_info[0] == 2:
path = path.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding(), 'replace')
path = path.encode(sys.getdefaultencoding(), 'replace')
if path.startswith(os.getcwd() + os.path.sep):
path = '.' + path[len(os.getcwd()):]
return path
def backup_dir(dir, ext='.bak'):
# type: (str, str) -> str
"""Figure out the name of a directory to back up the given dir to
(adding .bak, .bak2, etc)"""
n = 1
extension = ext
while os.path.exists(dir + extension):
n += 1
extension = ext + str(n)
return dir + extension
def ask_path_exists(message, options):
# type: (str, Iterable[str]) -> str
for action in os.environ.get('PIP_EXISTS_ACTION', '').split():
if action in options:
return action
return ask(message, options)
def _check_no_input(message):
# type: (str) -> None
"""Raise an error if no input is allowed."""
if os.environ.get('PIP_NO_INPUT'):
raise Exception(
'No input was expected ($PIP_NO_INPUT set); question: {}'.format(
message)
)
def ask(message, options):
# type: (str, Iterable[str]) -> str
"""Ask the message interactively, with the given possible responses"""
while 1:
_check_no_input(message)
response = input(message)
response = response.strip().lower()
if response not in options:
print(
'Your response ({!r}) was not one of the expected responses: '
'{}'.format(response, ', '.join(options))
)
else:
return response
def ask_input(message):
# type: (str) -> str
"""Ask for input interactively."""
_check_no_input(message)
return input(message)
def ask_password(message):
# type: (str) -> str
"""Ask for a password interactively."""
_check_no_input(message)
return getpass.getpass(message)
def format_size(bytes):
# type: (float) -> str
if bytes > 1000 * 1000:
return '{:.1f} MB'.format(bytes / 1000.0 / 1000)
elif bytes > 10 * 1000:
return '{} kB'.format(int(bytes / 1000))
elif bytes > 1000:
return '{:.1f} kB'.format(bytes / 1000.0)
else:
return '{} bytes'.format(int(bytes))
def tabulate(rows):
# type: (Iterable[Iterable[Any]]) -> Tuple[List[str], List[int]]
"""Return a list of formatted rows and a list of column sizes.
For example::
>>> tabulate([['foobar', 2000], [0xdeadbeef]])
(['foobar 2000', '3735928559'], [10, 4])
"""
rows = [tuple(map(str, row)) for row in rows]
sizes = [max(map(len, col)) for col in zip_longest(*rows, fillvalue='')]
table = [" ".join(map(str.ljust, row, sizes)).rstrip() for row in rows]
return table, sizes
def is_installable_dir(path):
# type: (str) -> bool
"""Is path is a directory containing setup.py or pyproject.toml?
"""
if not os.path.isdir(path):
return False
setup_py = os.path.join(path, 'setup.py')
if os.path.isfile(setup_py):
return True
pyproject_toml = os.path.join(path, 'pyproject.toml')
if os.path.isfile(pyproject_toml):
return True
return False
def read_chunks(file, size=io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE):
"""Yield pieces of data from a file-like object until EOF."""
while True:
chunk = file.read(size)
if not chunk:
break
yield chunk
def normalize_path(path, resolve_symlinks=True):
# type: (str, bool) -> str
"""
Convert a path to its canonical, case-normalized, absolute version.
"""
path = expanduser(path)
if resolve_symlinks:
path = os.path.realpath(path)
else:
path = os.path.abspath(path)
return os.path.normcase(path)
def splitext(path):
# type: (str) -> Tuple[str, str]
"""Like os.path.splitext, but take off .tar too"""
base, ext = posixpath.splitext(path)
if base.lower().endswith('.tar'):
ext = base[-4:] + ext
base = base[:-4]
return base, ext
def renames(old, new):
# type: (str, str) -> None
"""Like os.renames(), but handles renaming across devices."""
# Implementation borrowed from os.renames().
head, tail = os.path.split(new)
if head and tail and not os.path.exists(head):
os.makedirs(head)
shutil.move(old, new)
head, tail = os.path.split(old)
if head and tail:
try:
os.removedirs(head)
except OSError:
pass
def is_local(path):
# type: (str) -> bool
"""
Return True if path is within sys.prefix, if we're running in a virtualenv.
If we're not in a virtualenv, all paths are considered "local."
Caution: this function assumes the head of path has been normalized
with normalize_path.
"""
if not running_under_virtualenv():
return True
return path.startswith(normalize_path(sys.prefix))
def dist_is_local(dist):
# type: (Distribution) -> bool
"""
Return True if given Distribution object is installed locally
(i.e. within current virtualenv).
Always True if we're not in a virtualenv.
"""
return is_local(dist_location(dist))
def dist_in_usersite(dist):
# type: (Distribution) -> bool
"""
Return True if given Distribution is installed in user site.
"""
return dist_location(dist).startswith(normalize_path(user_site))
def dist_in_site_packages(dist):
# type: (Distribution) -> bool
"""
Return True if given Distribution is installed in
sysconfig.get_python_lib().
"""
return dist_location(dist).startswith(normalize_path(site_packages))
def dist_is_editable(dist):
# type: (Distribution) -> bool
"""
Return True if given Distribution is an editable install.
"""
for path_item in sys.path:
egg_link = os.path.join(path_item, dist.project_name + '.egg-link')
if os.path.isfile(egg_link):
return True
return False
def get_installed_distributions(
local_only=True, # type: bool
skip=stdlib_pkgs, # type: Container[str]
include_editables=True, # type: bool
editables_only=False, # type: bool
user_only=False, # type: bool
paths=None # type: Optional[List[str]]
):
# type: (...) -> List[Distribution]
"""
Return a list of installed Distribution objects.
If ``local_only`` is True (default), only return installations
local to the current virtualenv, if in a virtualenv.
``skip`` argument is an iterable of lower-case project names to
ignore; defaults to stdlib_pkgs
If ``include_editables`` is False, don't report editables.
If ``editables_only`` is True , only report editables.
If ``user_only`` is True , only report installations in the user
site directory.
If ``paths`` is set, only report the distributions present at the
specified list of locations.
"""
if paths:
working_set = pkg_resources.WorkingSet(paths)
else:
working_set = pkg_resources.working_set
if local_only:
local_test = dist_is_local
else:
def local_test(d):
return True
if include_editables:
def editable_test(d):
return True
else:
def editable_test(d):
return not dist_is_editable(d)
if editables_only:
def editables_only_test(d):
return dist_is_editable(d)
else:
def editables_only_test(d):
return True
if user_only:
user_test = dist_in_usersite
else:
def user_test(d):
return True
return [d for d in working_set
if local_test(d) and
d.key not in skip and
editable_test(d) and
editables_only_test(d) and
user_test(d)
]
def _search_distribution(req_name):
# type: (str) -> Optional[Distribution]
"""Find a distribution matching the ``req_name`` in the environment.
This searches from *all* distributions available in the environment, to
match the behavior of ``pkg_resources.get_distribution()``.
"""
# Canonicalize the name before searching in the list of
# installed distributions and also while creating the package
# dictionary to get the Distribution object
req_name = canonicalize_name(req_name)
packages = get_installed_distributions(
local_only=False,
skip=(),
include_editables=True,
editables_only=False,
user_only=False,
paths=None,
)
pkg_dict = {canonicalize_name(p.key): p for p in packages}
return pkg_dict.get(req_name)
def get_distribution(req_name):
# type: (str) -> Optional[Distribution]
"""Given a requirement name, return the installed Distribution object.
This searches from *all* distributions available in the environment, to
match the behavior of ``pkg_resources.get_distribution()``.
"""
# Search the distribution by looking through the working set
dist = _search_distribution(req_name)
# If distribution could not be found, call working_set.require
# to update the working set, and try to find the distribution
# again.
# This might happen for e.g. when you install a package
# twice, once using setup.py develop and again using setup.py install.
# Now when run pip uninstall twice, the package gets removed
# from the working set in the first uninstall, so we have to populate
# the working set again so that pip knows about it and the packages
# gets picked up and is successfully uninstalled the second time too.
if not dist:
try:
pkg_resources.working_set.require(req_name)
except pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound:
return None
return _search_distribution(req_name)
def egg_link_path(dist):
# type: (Distribution) -> Optional[str]
"""
Return the path for the .egg-link file if it exists, otherwise, None.
There's 3 scenarios:
1) not in a virtualenv
try to find in site.USER_SITE, then site_packages
2) in a no-global virtualenv
try to find in site_packages
3) in a yes-global virtualenv
try to find in site_packages, then site.USER_SITE
(don't look in global location)
For #1 and #3, there could be odd cases, where there's an egg-link in 2
locations.
This method will just return the first one found.
"""
sites = []
if running_under_virtualenv():
sites.append(site_packages)
if not virtualenv_no_global() and user_site:
sites.append(user_site)
else:
if user_site:
sites.append(user_site)
sites.append(site_packages)
for site in sites:
egglink = os.path.join(site, dist.project_name) + '.egg-link'
if os.path.isfile(egglink):
return egglink
return None
def dist_location(dist):
# type: (Distribution) -> str
"""
Get the site-packages location of this distribution. Generally
this is dist.location, except in the case of develop-installed
packages, where dist.location is the source code location, and we
want to know where the egg-link file is.
The returned location is normalized (in particular, with symlinks removed).
"""
egg_link = egg_link_path(dist)
if egg_link:
return normalize_path(egg_link)
return normalize_path(dist.location)
def write_output(msg, *args):
# type: (Any, Any) -> None
logger.info(msg, *args)
class FakeFile(object):
"""Wrap a list of lines in an object with readline() to make
ConfigParser happy."""
def __init__(self, lines):
self._gen = iter(lines)
def readline(self):
try:
return next(self._gen)
except StopIteration:
return ''
def __iter__(self):
return self._gen
class StreamWrapper(StringIO):
@classmethod
def from_stream(cls, orig_stream):
cls.orig_stream = orig_stream
return cls()
# compileall.compile_dir() needs stdout.encoding to print to stdout
@property
def encoding(self):
return self.orig_stream.encoding
@contextlib.contextmanager
def captured_output(stream_name):
"""Return a context manager used by captured_stdout/stdin/stderr
that temporarily replaces the sys stream *stream_name* with a StringIO.
Taken from Lib/support/__init__.py in the CPython repo.
"""
orig_stdout = getattr(sys, stream_name)
setattr(sys, stream_name, StreamWrapper.from_stream(orig_stdout))
try:
yield getattr(sys, stream_name)
finally:
setattr(sys, stream_name, orig_stdout)
def captured_stdout():
"""Capture the output of sys.stdout:
with captured_stdout() as stdout:
print('hello')
self.assertEqual(stdout.getvalue(), 'hello\n')
Taken from Lib/support/__init__.py in the CPython repo.
"""
return captured_output('stdout')
def captured_stderr():
"""
See captured_stdout().
"""
return captured_output('stderr')
def get_installed_version(dist_name, working_set=None):
"""Get the installed version of dist_name avoiding pkg_resources cache"""
# Create a requirement that we'll look for inside of setuptools.
req = pkg_resources.Requirement.parse(dist_name)
if working_set is None:
# We want to avoid having this cached, so we need to construct a new
# working set each time.
working_set = pkg_resources.WorkingSet()
# Get the installed distribution from our working set
dist = working_set.find(req)
# Check to see if we got an installed distribution or not, if we did
# we want to return it's version.
return dist.version if dist else None
def consume(iterator):
"""Consume an iterable at C speed."""
deque(iterator, maxlen=0)
# Simulates an enum
def enum(*sequential, **named):
enums = dict(zip(sequential, range(len(sequential))), **named)
reverse = {value: key for key, value in enums.items()}
enums['reverse_mapping'] = reverse
return type('Enum', (), enums)
def build_netloc(host, port):
# type: (str, Optional[int]) -> str
"""
Build a netloc from a host-port pair
"""
if port is None:
return host
if ':' in host:
# Only wrap host with square brackets when it is IPv6
host = '[{}]'.format(host)
return '{}:{}'.format(host, port)
def build_url_from_netloc(netloc, scheme='https'):
# type: (str, str) -> str
"""
Build a full URL from a netloc.
"""
if netloc.count(':') >= 2 and '@' not in netloc and '[' not in netloc:
# It must be a bare IPv6 address, so wrap it with brackets.
netloc = '[{}]'.format(netloc)
return '{}://{}'.format(scheme, netloc)
def parse_netloc(netloc):
# type: (str) -> Tuple[str, Optional[int]]
"""
Return the host-port pair from a netloc.
"""
url = build_url_from_netloc(netloc)
parsed = urllib_parse.urlparse(url)
return parsed.hostname, parsed.port
def split_auth_from_netloc(netloc):
"""
Parse out and remove the auth information from a netloc.
Returns: (netloc, (username, password)).
"""
if '@' not in netloc:
return netloc, (None, None)
# Split from the right because that's how urllib.parse.urlsplit()
# behaves if more than one @ is present (which can be checked using
# the password attribute of urlsplit()'s return value).
auth, netloc = netloc.rsplit('@', 1)
if ':' in auth:
# Split from the left because that's how urllib.parse.urlsplit()
# behaves if more than one : is present (which again can be checked
# using the password attribute of the return value)
user_pass = auth.split(':', 1)
else:
user_pass = auth, None
user_pass = tuple(
None if x is None else urllib_unquote(x) for x in user_pass
)
return netloc, user_pass
def redact_netloc(netloc):
# type: (str) -> str
"""
Replace the sensitive data in a netloc with "****", if it exists.
For example:
- "user:pass@example.com" returns "user:****@example.com"
- "accesstoken@example.com" returns "****@example.com"
"""
netloc, (user, password) = split_auth_from_netloc(netloc)
if user is None:
return netloc
if password is None:
user = '****'
password = ''
else:
user = urllib_parse.quote(user)
password = ':****'
return '{user}{password}@{netloc}'.format(user=user,
password=password,
netloc=netloc)
def _transform_url(url, transform_netloc):
"""Transform and replace netloc in a url.
transform_netloc is a function taking the netloc and returning a
tuple. The first element of this tuple is the new netloc. The
entire tuple is returned.
Returns a tuple containing the transformed url as item 0 and the
original tuple returned by transform_netloc as item 1.
"""
purl = urllib_parse.urlsplit(url)
netloc_tuple = transform_netloc(purl.netloc)
# stripped url
url_pieces = (
purl.scheme, netloc_tuple[0], purl.path, purl.query, purl.fragment
)
surl = urllib_parse.urlunsplit(url_pieces)
return surl, netloc_tuple
def _get_netloc(netloc):
return split_auth_from_netloc(netloc)
def _redact_netloc(netloc):
return (redact_netloc(netloc),)
def split_auth_netloc_from_url(url):
# type: (str) -> Tuple[str, str, Tuple[str, str]]
"""
Parse a url into separate netloc, auth, and url with no auth.
Returns: (url_without_auth, netloc, (username, password))
"""
url_without_auth, (netloc, auth) = _transform_url(url, _get_netloc)
return url_without_auth, netloc, auth
def remove_auth_from_url(url):
# type: (str) -> str
"""Return a copy of url with 'username:password@' removed."""
# username/pass params are passed to subversion through flags
# and are not recognized in the url.
return _transform_url(url, _get_netloc)[0]
def redact_auth_from_url(url):
# type: (str) -> str
"""Replace the password in a given url with ****."""
return _transform_url(url, _redact_netloc)[0]
class HiddenText(object):
def __init__(
self,
secret, # type: str
redacted, # type: str
):
# type: (...) -> None
self.secret = secret
self.redacted = redacted
def __repr__(self):
# type: (...) -> str
return '<HiddenText {!r}>'.format(str(self))
def __str__(self):
# type: (...) -> str
return self.redacted
# This is useful for testing.
def __eq__(self, other):
# type: (Any) -> bool
if type(self) != type(other):
return False
# The string being used for redaction doesn't also have to match,
# just the raw, original string.
return (self.secret == other.secret)
# We need to provide an explicit __ne__ implementation for Python 2.
# TODO: remove this when we drop PY2 support.
def __ne__(self, other):
# type: (Any) -> bool
return not self == other
def hide_value(value):
# type: (str) -> HiddenText
return HiddenText(value, redacted='****')
def hide_url(url):
# type: (str) -> HiddenText
redacted = redact_auth_from_url(url)
return HiddenText(url, redacted=redacted)
def protect_pip_from_modification_on_windows(modifying_pip):
# type: (bool) -> None
"""Protection of pip.exe from modification on Windows
On Windows, any operation modifying pip should be run as:
python -m pip ...
"""
pip_names = [
"pip.exe",
"pip{}.exe".format(sys.version_info[0]),
"pip{}.{}.exe".format(*sys.version_info[:2])
]
# See https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/1299 for more discussion
should_show_use_python_msg = (
modifying_pip and
WINDOWS and
os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]) in pip_names
)
if should_show_use_python_msg:
new_command = [
sys.executable, "-m", "pip"
] + sys.argv[1:]
raise CommandError(
'To modify pip, please run the following command:\n{}'
.format(" ".join(new_command))
)
def is_console_interactive():
# type: () -> bool
"""Is this console interactive?
"""
return sys.stdin is not None and sys.stdin.isatty()
def hash_file(path, blocksize=1 << 20):
# type: (Text, int) -> Tuple[Any, int]
"""Return (hash, length) for path using hashlib.sha256()
"""
h = hashlib.sha256()
length = 0
with open(path, 'rb') as f:
for block in read_chunks(f, size=blocksize):
length += len(block)
h.update(block)
return h, length
def is_wheel_installed():
"""
Return whether the wheel package is installed.
"""
try:
import wheel # noqa: F401
except ImportError:
return False
return True
def pairwise(iterable):
# type: (Iterable[Any]) -> Iterator[Tuple[Any, Any]]
"""
Return paired elements.
For example:
s -> (s0, s1), (s2, s3), (s4, s5), ...
"""
iterable = iter(iterable)
return zip_longest(iterable, iterable)
def partition(
pred, # type: Callable[[T], bool]
iterable, # type: Iterable[T]
):
# type: (...) -> Tuple[Iterable[T], Iterable[T]]
"""
Use a predicate to partition entries into false entries and true entries,
like
partition(is_odd, range(10)) --> 0 2 4 6 8 and 1 3 5 7 9
"""
t1, t2 = tee(iterable)
return filterfalse(pred, t1), filter(pred, t2)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/compat.py
|
"""Stuff that differs in different Python versions and platform
distributions."""
# The following comment should be removed at some point in the future.
# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs=False
from __future__ import absolute_import, division
import codecs
import locale
import logging
import os
import shutil
import sys
from pip._vendor.six import PY2, text_type
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Optional, Text, Tuple, Union
try:
import ipaddress
except ImportError:
try:
from pip._vendor import ipaddress # type: ignore
except ImportError:
import ipaddr as ipaddress # type: ignore
ipaddress.ip_address = ipaddress.IPAddress # type: ignore
ipaddress.ip_network = ipaddress.IPNetwork # type: ignore
__all__ = [
"ipaddress", "uses_pycache", "console_to_str",
"get_path_uid", "stdlib_pkgs", "WINDOWS", "samefile", "get_terminal_size",
]
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
if PY2:
import imp
try:
cache_from_source = imp.cache_from_source # type: ignore
except AttributeError:
# does not use __pycache__
cache_from_source = None
uses_pycache = cache_from_source is not None
else:
uses_pycache = True
from importlib.util import cache_from_source
if PY2:
# In Python 2.7, backslashreplace exists
# but does not support use for decoding.
# We implement our own replace handler for this
# situation, so that we can consistently use
# backslash replacement for all versions.
def backslashreplace_decode_fn(err):
raw_bytes = (err.object[i] for i in range(err.start, err.end))
# Python 2 gave us characters - convert to numeric bytes
raw_bytes = (ord(b) for b in raw_bytes)
return u"".join(map(u"\\x{:x}".format, raw_bytes)), err.end
codecs.register_error(
"backslashreplace_decode",
backslashreplace_decode_fn,
)
backslashreplace_decode = "backslashreplace_decode"
else:
backslashreplace_decode = "backslashreplace"
def has_tls():
# type: () -> bool
try:
import _ssl # noqa: F401 # ignore unused
return True
except ImportError:
pass
from pip._vendor.urllib3.util import IS_PYOPENSSL
return IS_PYOPENSSL
def str_to_display(data, desc=None):
# type: (Union[bytes, Text], Optional[str]) -> Text
"""
For display or logging purposes, convert a bytes object (or text) to
text (e.g. unicode in Python 2) safe for output.
:param desc: An optional phrase describing the input data, for use in
the log message if a warning is logged. Defaults to "Bytes object".
This function should never error out and so can take a best effort
approach. It is okay to be lossy if needed since the return value is
just for display.
We assume the data is in the locale preferred encoding. If it won't
decode properly, we warn the user but decode as best we can.
We also ensure that the output can be safely written to standard output
without encoding errors.
"""
if isinstance(data, text_type):
return data
# Otherwise, data is a bytes object (str in Python 2).
# First, get the encoding we assume. This is the preferred
# encoding for the locale, unless that is not found, or
# it is ASCII, in which case assume UTF-8
encoding = locale.getpreferredencoding()
if (not encoding) or codecs.lookup(encoding).name == "ascii":
encoding = "utf-8"
# Now try to decode the data - if we fail, warn the user and
# decode with replacement.
try:
decoded_data = data.decode(encoding)
except UnicodeDecodeError:
logger.warning(
'%s does not appear to be encoded as %s',
desc or 'Bytes object',
encoding,
)
decoded_data = data.decode(encoding, errors=backslashreplace_decode)
# Make sure we can print the output, by encoding it to the output
# encoding with replacement of unencodable characters, and then
# decoding again.
# We use stderr's encoding because it's less likely to be
# redirected and if we don't find an encoding we skip this
# step (on the assumption that output is wrapped by something
# that won't fail).
# The double getattr is to deal with the possibility that we're
# being called in a situation where sys.__stderr__ doesn't exist,
# or doesn't have an encoding attribute. Neither of these cases
# should occur in normal pip use, but there's no harm in checking
# in case people use pip in (unsupported) unusual situations.
output_encoding = getattr(getattr(sys, "__stderr__", None),
"encoding", None)
if output_encoding:
output_encoded = decoded_data.encode(
output_encoding,
errors="backslashreplace"
)
decoded_data = output_encoded.decode(output_encoding)
return decoded_data
def console_to_str(data):
# type: (bytes) -> Text
"""Return a string, safe for output, of subprocess output.
"""
return str_to_display(data, desc='Subprocess output')
def get_path_uid(path):
# type: (str) -> int
"""
Return path's uid.
Does not follow symlinks:
https://github.com/pypa/pip/pull/935#discussion_r5307003
Placed this function in compat due to differences on AIX and
Jython, that should eventually go away.
:raises OSError: When path is a symlink or can't be read.
"""
if hasattr(os, 'O_NOFOLLOW'):
fd = os.open(path, os.O_RDONLY | os.O_NOFOLLOW)
file_uid = os.fstat(fd).st_uid
os.close(fd)
else: # AIX and Jython
# WARNING: time of check vulnerability, but best we can do w/o NOFOLLOW
if not os.path.islink(path):
# older versions of Jython don't have `os.fstat`
file_uid = os.stat(path).st_uid
else:
# raise OSError for parity with os.O_NOFOLLOW above
raise OSError(
"{} is a symlink; Will not return uid for symlinks".format(
path)
)
return file_uid
def expanduser(path):
# type: (str) -> str
"""
Expand ~ and ~user constructions.
Includes a workaround for https://bugs.python.org/issue14768
"""
expanded = os.path.expanduser(path)
if path.startswith('~/') and expanded.startswith('//'):
expanded = expanded[1:]
return expanded
# packages in the stdlib that may have installation metadata, but should not be
# considered 'installed'. this theoretically could be determined based on
# dist.location (py27:`sysconfig.get_paths()['stdlib']`,
# py26:sysconfig.get_config_vars('LIBDEST')), but fear platform variation may
# make this ineffective, so hard-coding
stdlib_pkgs = {"python", "wsgiref", "argparse"}
# windows detection, covers cpython and ironpython
WINDOWS = (sys.platform.startswith("win") or
(sys.platform == 'cli' and os.name == 'nt'))
def samefile(file1, file2):
# type: (str, str) -> bool
"""Provide an alternative for os.path.samefile on Windows/Python2"""
if hasattr(os.path, 'samefile'):
return os.path.samefile(file1, file2)
else:
path1 = os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(file1))
path2 = os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(file2))
return path1 == path2
if hasattr(shutil, 'get_terminal_size'):
def get_terminal_size():
# type: () -> Tuple[int, int]
"""
Returns a tuple (x, y) representing the width(x) and the height(y)
in characters of the terminal window.
"""
return tuple(shutil.get_terminal_size()) # type: ignore
else:
def get_terminal_size():
# type: () -> Tuple[int, int]
"""
Returns a tuple (x, y) representing the width(x) and the height(y)
in characters of the terminal window.
"""
def ioctl_GWINSZ(fd):
try:
import fcntl
import termios
import struct
cr = struct.unpack_from(
'hh',
fcntl.ioctl(fd, termios.TIOCGWINSZ, '12345678')
)
except Exception:
return None
if cr == (0, 0):
return None
return cr
cr = ioctl_GWINSZ(0) or ioctl_GWINSZ(1) or ioctl_GWINSZ(2)
if not cr:
if sys.platform != "win32":
try:
fd = os.open(os.ctermid(), os.O_RDONLY)
cr = ioctl_GWINSZ(fd)
os.close(fd)
except Exception:
pass
if not cr:
cr = (os.environ.get('LINES', 25), os.environ.get('COLUMNS', 80))
return int(cr[1]), int(cr[0])
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/encoding.py
|
import codecs
import locale
import re
import sys
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import List, Tuple, Text
BOMS = [
(codecs.BOM_UTF8, 'utf-8'),
(codecs.BOM_UTF16, 'utf-16'),
(codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE, 'utf-16-be'),
(codecs.BOM_UTF16_LE, 'utf-16-le'),
(codecs.BOM_UTF32, 'utf-32'),
(codecs.BOM_UTF32_BE, 'utf-32-be'),
(codecs.BOM_UTF32_LE, 'utf-32-le'),
] # type: List[Tuple[bytes, Text]]
ENCODING_RE = re.compile(br'coding[:=]\s*([-\w.]+)')
def auto_decode(data):
# type: (bytes) -> Text
"""Check a bytes string for a BOM to correctly detect the encoding
Fallback to locale.getpreferredencoding(False) like open() on Python3"""
for bom, encoding in BOMS:
if data.startswith(bom):
return data[len(bom):].decode(encoding)
# Lets check the first two lines as in PEP263
for line in data.split(b'\n')[:2]:
if line[0:1] == b'#' and ENCODING_RE.search(line):
result = ENCODING_RE.search(line)
assert result is not None
encoding = result.groups()[0].decode('ascii')
return data.decode(encoding)
return data.decode(
locale.getpreferredencoding(False) or sys.getdefaultencoding(),
)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/models.py
|
"""Utilities for defining models
"""
# The following comment should be removed at some point in the future.
# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs=False
import operator
class KeyBasedCompareMixin(object):
"""Provides comparison capabilities that is based on a key
"""
__slots__ = ['_compare_key', '_defining_class']
def __init__(self, key, defining_class):
self._compare_key = key
self._defining_class = defining_class
def __hash__(self):
return hash(self._compare_key)
def __lt__(self, other):
return self._compare(other, operator.__lt__)
def __le__(self, other):
return self._compare(other, operator.__le__)
def __gt__(self, other):
return self._compare(other, operator.__gt__)
def __ge__(self, other):
return self._compare(other, operator.__ge__)
def __eq__(self, other):
return self._compare(other, operator.__eq__)
def __ne__(self, other):
return self._compare(other, operator.__ne__)
def _compare(self, other, method):
if not isinstance(other, self._defining_class):
return NotImplemented
return method(self._compare_key, other._compare_key)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/deprecation.py
|
"""
A module that implements tooling to enable easy warnings about deprecations.
"""
# The following comment should be removed at some point in the future.
# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs=False
from __future__ import absolute_import
import logging
import warnings
from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse
from pip import __version__ as current_version
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Any, Optional
DEPRECATION_MSG_PREFIX = "DEPRECATION: "
class PipDeprecationWarning(Warning):
pass
_original_showwarning = None # type: Any
# Warnings <-> Logging Integration
def _showwarning(message, category, filename, lineno, file=None, line=None):
if file is not None:
if _original_showwarning is not None:
_original_showwarning(
message, category, filename, lineno, file, line,
)
elif issubclass(category, PipDeprecationWarning):
# We use a specially named logger which will handle all of the
# deprecation messages for pip.
logger = logging.getLogger("pip._internal.deprecations")
logger.warning(message)
else:
_original_showwarning(
message, category, filename, lineno, file, line,
)
def install_warning_logger():
# type: () -> None
# Enable our Deprecation Warnings
warnings.simplefilter("default", PipDeprecationWarning, append=True)
global _original_showwarning
if _original_showwarning is None:
_original_showwarning = warnings.showwarning
warnings.showwarning = _showwarning
def deprecated(reason, replacement, gone_in, issue=None):
# type: (str, Optional[str], Optional[str], Optional[int]) -> None
"""Helper to deprecate existing functionality.
reason:
Textual reason shown to the user about why this functionality has
been deprecated.
replacement:
Textual suggestion shown to the user about what alternative
functionality they can use.
gone_in:
The version of pip does this functionality should get removed in.
Raises errors if pip's current version is greater than or equal to
this.
issue:
Issue number on the tracker that would serve as a useful place for
users to find related discussion and provide feedback.
Always pass replacement, gone_in and issue as keyword arguments for clarity
at the call site.
"""
# Construct a nice message.
# This is eagerly formatted as we want it to get logged as if someone
# typed this entire message out.
sentences = [
(reason, DEPRECATION_MSG_PREFIX + "{}"),
(gone_in, "pip {} will remove support for this functionality."),
(replacement, "A possible replacement is {}."),
(issue, (
"You can find discussion regarding this at "
"https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/{}."
)),
]
message = " ".join(
template.format(val) for val, template in sentences if val is not None
)
# Raise as an error if it has to be removed.
if gone_in is not None and parse(current_version) >= parse(gone_in):
raise PipDeprecationWarning(message)
warnings.warn(message, category=PipDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/subprocess.py
|
from __future__ import absolute_import
import logging
import os
import subprocess
from pip._vendor.six.moves import shlex_quote
from pip._internal.cli.spinners import SpinnerInterface, open_spinner
from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError
from pip._internal.utils.compat import console_to_str, str_to_display
from pip._internal.utils.logging import subprocess_logger
from pip._internal.utils.misc import HiddenText, path_to_display
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import (
Any, Callable, Iterable, List, Mapping, Optional, Text, Union,
)
CommandArgs = List[Union[str, HiddenText]]
LOG_DIVIDER = '----------------------------------------'
def make_command(*args):
# type: (Union[str, HiddenText, CommandArgs]) -> CommandArgs
"""
Create a CommandArgs object.
"""
command_args = [] # type: CommandArgs
for arg in args:
# Check for list instead of CommandArgs since CommandArgs is
# only known during type-checking.
if isinstance(arg, list):
command_args.extend(arg)
else:
# Otherwise, arg is str or HiddenText.
command_args.append(arg)
return command_args
def format_command_args(args):
# type: (Union[List[str], CommandArgs]) -> str
"""
Format command arguments for display.
"""
# For HiddenText arguments, display the redacted form by calling str().
# Also, we don't apply str() to arguments that aren't HiddenText since
# this can trigger a UnicodeDecodeError in Python 2 if the argument
# has type unicode and includes a non-ascii character. (The type
# checker doesn't ensure the annotations are correct in all cases.)
return ' '.join(
shlex_quote(str(arg)) if isinstance(arg, HiddenText)
else shlex_quote(arg) for arg in args
)
def reveal_command_args(args):
# type: (Union[List[str], CommandArgs]) -> List[str]
"""
Return the arguments in their raw, unredacted form.
"""
return [
arg.secret if isinstance(arg, HiddenText) else arg for arg in args
]
def make_subprocess_output_error(
cmd_args, # type: Union[List[str], CommandArgs]
cwd, # type: Optional[str]
lines, # type: List[Text]
exit_status, # type: int
):
# type: (...) -> Text
"""
Create and return the error message to use to log a subprocess error
with command output.
:param lines: A list of lines, each ending with a newline.
"""
command = format_command_args(cmd_args)
# Convert `command` and `cwd` to text (unicode in Python 2) so we can use
# them as arguments in the unicode format string below. This avoids
# "UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte ..." in Python 2
# if either contains a non-ascii character.
command_display = str_to_display(command, desc='command bytes')
cwd_display = path_to_display(cwd)
# We know the joined output value ends in a newline.
output = ''.join(lines)
msg = (
# Use a unicode string to avoid "UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii'
# codec can't encode character ..." in Python 2 when a format
# argument (e.g. `output`) has a non-ascii character.
u'Command errored out with exit status {exit_status}:\n'
' command: {command_display}\n'
' cwd: {cwd_display}\n'
'Complete output ({line_count} lines):\n{output}{divider}'
).format(
exit_status=exit_status,
command_display=command_display,
cwd_display=cwd_display,
line_count=len(lines),
output=output,
divider=LOG_DIVIDER,
)
return msg
def call_subprocess(
cmd, # type: Union[List[str], CommandArgs]
show_stdout=False, # type: bool
cwd=None, # type: Optional[str]
on_returncode='raise', # type: str
extra_ok_returncodes=None, # type: Optional[Iterable[int]]
command_desc=None, # type: Optional[str]
extra_environ=None, # type: Optional[Mapping[str, Any]]
unset_environ=None, # type: Optional[Iterable[str]]
spinner=None, # type: Optional[SpinnerInterface]
log_failed_cmd=True # type: Optional[bool]
):
# type: (...) -> Text
"""
Args:
show_stdout: if true, use INFO to log the subprocess's stderr and
stdout streams. Otherwise, use DEBUG. Defaults to False.
extra_ok_returncodes: an iterable of integer return codes that are
acceptable, in addition to 0. Defaults to None, which means [].
unset_environ: an iterable of environment variable names to unset
prior to calling subprocess.Popen().
log_failed_cmd: if false, failed commands are not logged, only raised.
"""
if extra_ok_returncodes is None:
extra_ok_returncodes = []
if unset_environ is None:
unset_environ = []
# Most places in pip use show_stdout=False. What this means is--
#
# - We connect the child's output (combined stderr and stdout) to a
# single pipe, which we read.
# - We log this output to stderr at DEBUG level as it is received.
# - If DEBUG logging isn't enabled (e.g. if --verbose logging wasn't
# requested), then we show a spinner so the user can still see the
# subprocess is in progress.
# - If the subprocess exits with an error, we log the output to stderr
# at ERROR level if it hasn't already been displayed to the console
# (e.g. if --verbose logging wasn't enabled). This way we don't log
# the output to the console twice.
#
# If show_stdout=True, then the above is still done, but with DEBUG
# replaced by INFO.
if show_stdout:
# Then log the subprocess output at INFO level.
log_subprocess = subprocess_logger.info
used_level = logging.INFO
else:
# Then log the subprocess output using DEBUG. This also ensures
# it will be logged to the log file (aka user_log), if enabled.
log_subprocess = subprocess_logger.debug
used_level = logging.DEBUG
# Whether the subprocess will be visible in the console.
showing_subprocess = subprocess_logger.getEffectiveLevel() <= used_level
# Only use the spinner if we're not showing the subprocess output
# and we have a spinner.
use_spinner = not showing_subprocess and spinner is not None
if command_desc is None:
command_desc = format_command_args(cmd)
log_subprocess("Running command %s", command_desc)
env = os.environ.copy()
if extra_environ:
env.update(extra_environ)
for name in unset_environ:
env.pop(name, None)
try:
proc = subprocess.Popen(
# Convert HiddenText objects to the underlying str.
reveal_command_args(cmd),
stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE, cwd=cwd, env=env,
)
assert proc.stdin
assert proc.stdout
proc.stdin.close()
except Exception as exc:
if log_failed_cmd:
subprocess_logger.critical(
"Error %s while executing command %s", exc, command_desc,
)
raise
all_output = []
while True:
# The "line" value is a unicode string in Python 2.
line = console_to_str(proc.stdout.readline())
if not line:
break
line = line.rstrip()
all_output.append(line + '\n')
# Show the line immediately.
log_subprocess(line)
# Update the spinner.
if use_spinner:
assert spinner
spinner.spin()
try:
proc.wait()
finally:
if proc.stdout:
proc.stdout.close()
proc_had_error = (
proc.returncode and proc.returncode not in extra_ok_returncodes
)
if use_spinner:
assert spinner
if proc_had_error:
spinner.finish("error")
else:
spinner.finish("done")
if proc_had_error:
if on_returncode == 'raise':
if not showing_subprocess and log_failed_cmd:
# Then the subprocess streams haven't been logged to the
# console yet.
msg = make_subprocess_output_error(
cmd_args=cmd,
cwd=cwd,
lines=all_output,
exit_status=proc.returncode,
)
subprocess_logger.error(msg)
exc_msg = (
'Command errored out with exit status {}: {} '
'Check the logs for full command output.'
).format(proc.returncode, command_desc)
raise InstallationError(exc_msg)
elif on_returncode == 'warn':
subprocess_logger.warning(
'Command "%s" had error code %s in %s',
command_desc,
proc.returncode,
cwd,
)
elif on_returncode == 'ignore':
pass
else:
raise ValueError('Invalid value: on_returncode={!r}'.format(
on_returncode))
return ''.join(all_output)
def runner_with_spinner_message(message):
# type: (str) -> Callable[..., None]
"""Provide a subprocess_runner that shows a spinner message.
Intended for use with for pep517's Pep517HookCaller. Thus, the runner has
an API that matches what's expected by Pep517HookCaller.subprocess_runner.
"""
def runner(
cmd, # type: List[str]
cwd=None, # type: Optional[str]
extra_environ=None # type: Optional[Mapping[str, Any]]
):
# type: (...) -> None
with open_spinner(message) as spinner:
call_subprocess(
cmd,
cwd=cwd,
extra_environ=extra_environ,
spinner=spinner,
)
return runner
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/filesystem.py
|
import errno
import fnmatch
import os
import os.path
import random
import shutil
import stat
import sys
from contextlib import contextmanager
from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
# NOTE: retrying is not annotated in typeshed as on 2017-07-17, which is
# why we ignore the type on this import.
from pip._vendor.retrying import retry # type: ignore
from pip._vendor.six import PY2
from pip._internal.utils.compat import get_path_uid
from pip._internal.utils.misc import format_size
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING, cast
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Any, BinaryIO, Iterator, List, Union
class NamedTemporaryFileResult(BinaryIO):
@property
def file(self):
# type: () -> BinaryIO
pass
def check_path_owner(path):
# type: (str) -> bool
# If we don't have a way to check the effective uid of this process, then
# we'll just assume that we own the directory.
if sys.platform == "win32" or not hasattr(os, "geteuid"):
return True
assert os.path.isabs(path)
previous = None
while path != previous:
if os.path.lexists(path):
# Check if path is writable by current user.
if os.geteuid() == 0:
# Special handling for root user in order to handle properly
# cases where users use sudo without -H flag.
try:
path_uid = get_path_uid(path)
except OSError:
return False
return path_uid == 0
else:
return os.access(path, os.W_OK)
else:
previous, path = path, os.path.dirname(path)
return False # assume we don't own the path
def copy2_fixed(src, dest):
# type: (str, str) -> None
"""Wrap shutil.copy2() but map errors copying socket files to
SpecialFileError as expected.
See also https://bugs.python.org/issue37700.
"""
try:
shutil.copy2(src, dest)
except (OSError, IOError):
for f in [src, dest]:
try:
is_socket_file = is_socket(f)
except OSError:
# An error has already occurred. Another error here is not
# a problem and we can ignore it.
pass
else:
if is_socket_file:
raise shutil.SpecialFileError(
"`{f}` is a socket".format(**locals()))
raise
def is_socket(path):
# type: (str) -> bool
return stat.S_ISSOCK(os.lstat(path).st_mode)
@contextmanager
def adjacent_tmp_file(path, **kwargs):
# type: (str, **Any) -> Iterator[NamedTemporaryFileResult]
"""Return a file-like object pointing to a tmp file next to path.
The file is created securely and is ensured to be written to disk
after the context reaches its end.
kwargs will be passed to tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile to control
the way the temporary file will be opened.
"""
with NamedTemporaryFile(
delete=False,
dir=os.path.dirname(path),
prefix=os.path.basename(path),
suffix='.tmp',
**kwargs
) as f:
result = cast('NamedTemporaryFileResult', f)
try:
yield result
finally:
result.file.flush()
os.fsync(result.file.fileno())
_replace_retry = retry(stop_max_delay=1000, wait_fixed=250)
if PY2:
@_replace_retry
def replace(src, dest):
# type: (str, str) -> None
try:
os.rename(src, dest)
except OSError:
os.remove(dest)
os.rename(src, dest)
else:
replace = _replace_retry(os.replace)
# test_writable_dir and _test_writable_dir_win are copied from Flit,
# with the author's agreement to also place them under pip's license.
def test_writable_dir(path):
# type: (str) -> bool
"""Check if a directory is writable.
Uses os.access() on POSIX, tries creating files on Windows.
"""
# If the directory doesn't exist, find the closest parent that does.
while not os.path.isdir(path):
parent = os.path.dirname(path)
if parent == path:
break # Should never get here, but infinite loops are bad
path = parent
if os.name == 'posix':
return os.access(path, os.W_OK)
return _test_writable_dir_win(path)
def _test_writable_dir_win(path):
# type: (str) -> bool
# os.access doesn't work on Windows: http://bugs.python.org/issue2528
# and we can't use tempfile: http://bugs.python.org/issue22107
basename = 'accesstest_deleteme_fishfingers_custard_'
alphabet = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789'
for _ in range(10):
name = basename + ''.join(random.choice(alphabet) for _ in range(6))
file = os.path.join(path, name)
try:
fd = os.open(file, os.O_RDWR | os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL)
# Python 2 doesn't support FileExistsError and PermissionError.
except OSError as e:
# exception FileExistsError
if e.errno == errno.EEXIST:
continue
# exception PermissionError
if e.errno == errno.EPERM or e.errno == errno.EACCES:
# This could be because there's a directory with the same name.
# But it's highly unlikely there's a directory called that,
# so we'll assume it's because the parent dir is not writable.
# This could as well be because the parent dir is not readable,
# due to non-privileged user access.
return False
raise
else:
os.close(fd)
os.unlink(file)
return True
# This should never be reached
raise EnvironmentError(
'Unexpected condition testing for writable directory'
)
def find_files(path, pattern):
# type: (str, str) -> List[str]
"""Returns a list of absolute paths of files beneath path, recursively,
with filenames which match the UNIX-style shell glob pattern."""
result = [] # type: List[str]
for root, _, files in os.walk(path):
matches = fnmatch.filter(files, pattern)
result.extend(os.path.join(root, f) for f in matches)
return result
def file_size(path):
# type: (str) -> Union[int, float]
# If it's a symlink, return 0.
if os.path.islink(path):
return 0
return os.path.getsize(path)
def format_file_size(path):
# type: (str) -> str
return format_size(file_size(path))
def directory_size(path):
# type: (str) -> Union[int, float]
size = 0.0
for root, _dirs, files in os.walk(path):
for filename in files:
file_path = os.path.join(root, filename)
size += file_size(file_path)
return size
def format_directory_size(path):
# type: (str) -> str
return format_size(directory_size(path))
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/direct_url_helpers.py
|
import logging
from pip._internal.models.direct_url import (
DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME,
ArchiveInfo,
DirectUrl,
DirectUrlValidationError,
DirInfo,
VcsInfo,
)
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
from pip._internal.vcs import vcs
try:
from json import JSONDecodeError
except ImportError:
# PY2
JSONDecodeError = ValueError # type: ignore
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Optional
from pip._internal.models.link import Link
from pip._vendor.pkg_resources import Distribution
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def direct_url_as_pep440_direct_reference(direct_url, name):
# type: (DirectUrl, str) -> str
"""Convert a DirectUrl to a pip requirement string."""
direct_url.validate() # if invalid, this is a pip bug
requirement = name + " @ "
fragments = []
if isinstance(direct_url.info, VcsInfo):
requirement += "{}+{}@{}".format(
direct_url.info.vcs, direct_url.url, direct_url.info.commit_id
)
elif isinstance(direct_url.info, ArchiveInfo):
requirement += direct_url.url
if direct_url.info.hash:
fragments.append(direct_url.info.hash)
else:
assert isinstance(direct_url.info, DirInfo)
# pip should never reach this point for editables, since
# pip freeze inspects the editable project location to produce
# the requirement string
assert not direct_url.info.editable
requirement += direct_url.url
if direct_url.subdirectory:
fragments.append("subdirectory=" + direct_url.subdirectory)
if fragments:
requirement += "#" + "&".join(fragments)
return requirement
def direct_url_from_link(link, source_dir=None, link_is_in_wheel_cache=False):
# type: (Link, Optional[str], bool) -> DirectUrl
if link.is_vcs:
vcs_backend = vcs.get_backend_for_scheme(link.scheme)
assert vcs_backend
url, requested_revision, _ = (
vcs_backend.get_url_rev_and_auth(link.url_without_fragment)
)
# For VCS links, we need to find out and add commit_id.
if link_is_in_wheel_cache:
# If the requested VCS link corresponds to a cached
# wheel, it means the requested revision was an
# immutable commit hash, otherwise it would not have
# been cached. In that case we don't have a source_dir
# with the VCS checkout.
assert requested_revision
commit_id = requested_revision
else:
# If the wheel was not in cache, it means we have
# had to checkout from VCS to build and we have a source_dir
# which we can inspect to find out the commit id.
assert source_dir
commit_id = vcs_backend.get_revision(source_dir)
return DirectUrl(
url=url,
info=VcsInfo(
vcs=vcs_backend.name,
commit_id=commit_id,
requested_revision=requested_revision,
),
subdirectory=link.subdirectory_fragment,
)
elif link.is_existing_dir():
return DirectUrl(
url=link.url_without_fragment,
info=DirInfo(),
subdirectory=link.subdirectory_fragment,
)
else:
hash = None
hash_name = link.hash_name
if hash_name:
hash = "{}={}".format(hash_name, link.hash)
return DirectUrl(
url=link.url_without_fragment,
info=ArchiveInfo(hash=hash),
subdirectory=link.subdirectory_fragment,
)
def dist_get_direct_url(dist):
# type: (Distribution) -> Optional[DirectUrl]
"""Obtain a DirectUrl from a pkg_resource.Distribution.
Returns None if the distribution has no `direct_url.json` metadata,
or if `direct_url.json` is invalid.
"""
if not dist.has_metadata(DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME):
return None
try:
return DirectUrl.from_json(dist.get_metadata(DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME))
except (
DirectUrlValidationError,
JSONDecodeError,
UnicodeDecodeError
) as e:
logger.warning(
"Error parsing %s for %s: %s",
DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME,
dist.project_name,
e,
)
return None
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/temp_dir.py
|
from __future__ import absolute_import
import errno
import itertools
import logging
import os.path
import tempfile
from contextlib import contextmanager
from pip._vendor.contextlib2 import ExitStack
from pip._vendor.six import ensure_text
from pip._internal.utils.misc import enum, rmtree
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Any, Dict, Iterator, Optional, TypeVar, Union
_T = TypeVar('_T', bound='TempDirectory')
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# Kinds of temporary directories. Only needed for ones that are
# globally-managed.
tempdir_kinds = enum(
BUILD_ENV="build-env",
EPHEM_WHEEL_CACHE="ephem-wheel-cache",
REQ_BUILD="req-build",
)
_tempdir_manager = None # type: Optional[ExitStack]
@contextmanager
def global_tempdir_manager():
# type: () -> Iterator[None]
global _tempdir_manager
with ExitStack() as stack:
old_tempdir_manager, _tempdir_manager = _tempdir_manager, stack
try:
yield
finally:
_tempdir_manager = old_tempdir_manager
class TempDirectoryTypeRegistry(object):
"""Manages temp directory behavior
"""
def __init__(self):
# type: () -> None
self._should_delete = {} # type: Dict[str, bool]
def set_delete(self, kind, value):
# type: (str, bool) -> None
"""Indicate whether a TempDirectory of the given kind should be
auto-deleted.
"""
self._should_delete[kind] = value
def get_delete(self, kind):
# type: (str) -> bool
"""Get configured auto-delete flag for a given TempDirectory type,
default True.
"""
return self._should_delete.get(kind, True)
_tempdir_registry = None # type: Optional[TempDirectoryTypeRegistry]
@contextmanager
def tempdir_registry():
# type: () -> Iterator[TempDirectoryTypeRegistry]
"""Provides a scoped global tempdir registry that can be used to dictate
whether directories should be deleted.
"""
global _tempdir_registry
old_tempdir_registry = _tempdir_registry
_tempdir_registry = TempDirectoryTypeRegistry()
try:
yield _tempdir_registry
finally:
_tempdir_registry = old_tempdir_registry
class _Default(object):
pass
_default = _Default()
class TempDirectory(object):
"""Helper class that owns and cleans up a temporary directory.
This class can be used as a context manager or as an OO representation of a
temporary directory.
Attributes:
path
Location to the created temporary directory
delete
Whether the directory should be deleted when exiting
(when used as a contextmanager)
Methods:
cleanup()
Deletes the temporary directory
When used as a context manager, if the delete attribute is True, on
exiting the context the temporary directory is deleted.
"""
def __init__(
self,
path=None, # type: Optional[str]
delete=_default, # type: Union[bool, None, _Default]
kind="temp", # type: str
globally_managed=False, # type: bool
):
super(TempDirectory, self).__init__()
if delete is _default:
if path is not None:
# If we were given an explicit directory, resolve delete option
# now.
delete = False
else:
# Otherwise, we wait until cleanup and see what
# tempdir_registry says.
delete = None
if path is None:
path = self._create(kind)
self._path = path
self._deleted = False
self.delete = delete
self.kind = kind
if globally_managed:
assert _tempdir_manager is not None
_tempdir_manager.enter_context(self)
@property
def path(self):
# type: () -> str
assert not self._deleted, (
"Attempted to access deleted path: {}".format(self._path)
)
return self._path
def __repr__(self):
# type: () -> str
return "<{} {!r}>".format(self.__class__.__name__, self.path)
def __enter__(self):
# type: (_T) -> _T
return self
def __exit__(self, exc, value, tb):
# type: (Any, Any, Any) -> None
if self.delete is not None:
delete = self.delete
elif _tempdir_registry:
delete = _tempdir_registry.get_delete(self.kind)
else:
delete = True
if delete:
self.cleanup()
def _create(self, kind):
# type: (str) -> str
"""Create a temporary directory and store its path in self.path
"""
# We realpath here because some systems have their default tmpdir
# symlinked to another directory. This tends to confuse build
# scripts, so we canonicalize the path by traversing potential
# symlinks here.
path = os.path.realpath(
tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="pip-{}-".format(kind))
)
logger.debug("Created temporary directory: %s", path)
return path
def cleanup(self):
# type: () -> None
"""Remove the temporary directory created and reset state
"""
self._deleted = True
if os.path.exists(self._path):
# Make sure to pass unicode on Python 2 to make the contents also
# use unicode, ensuring non-ASCII names and can be represented.
rmtree(ensure_text(self._path))
class AdjacentTempDirectory(TempDirectory):
"""Helper class that creates a temporary directory adjacent to a real one.
Attributes:
original
The original directory to create a temp directory for.
path
After calling create() or entering, contains the full
path to the temporary directory.
delete
Whether the directory should be deleted when exiting
(when used as a contextmanager)
"""
# The characters that may be used to name the temp directory
# We always prepend a ~ and then rotate through these until
# a usable name is found.
# pkg_resources raises a different error for .dist-info folder
# with leading '-' and invalid metadata
LEADING_CHARS = "-~.=%0123456789"
def __init__(self, original, delete=None):
# type: (str, Optional[bool]) -> None
self.original = original.rstrip('/\\')
super(AdjacentTempDirectory, self).__init__(delete=delete)
@classmethod
def _generate_names(cls, name):
# type: (str) -> Iterator[str]
"""Generates a series of temporary names.
The algorithm replaces the leading characters in the name
with ones that are valid filesystem characters, but are not
valid package names (for both Python and pip definitions of
package).
"""
for i in range(1, len(name)):
for candidate in itertools.combinations_with_replacement(
cls.LEADING_CHARS, i - 1):
new_name = '~' + ''.join(candidate) + name[i:]
if new_name != name:
yield new_name
# If we make it this far, we will have to make a longer name
for i in range(len(cls.LEADING_CHARS)):
for candidate in itertools.combinations_with_replacement(
cls.LEADING_CHARS, i):
new_name = '~' + ''.join(candidate) + name
if new_name != name:
yield new_name
def _create(self, kind):
# type: (str) -> str
root, name = os.path.split(self.original)
for candidate in self._generate_names(name):
path = os.path.join(root, candidate)
try:
os.mkdir(path)
except OSError as ex:
# Continue if the name exists already
if ex.errno != errno.EEXIST:
raise
else:
path = os.path.realpath(path)
break
else:
# Final fallback on the default behavior.
path = os.path.realpath(
tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="pip-{}-".format(kind))
)
logger.debug("Created temporary directory: %s", path)
return path
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/appdirs.py
|
"""
This code wraps the vendored appdirs module to so the return values are
compatible for the current pip code base.
The intention is to rewrite current usages gradually, keeping the tests pass,
and eventually drop this after all usages are changed.
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import
import os
from pip._vendor import appdirs as _appdirs
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import List
def user_cache_dir(appname):
# type: (str) -> str
return _appdirs.user_cache_dir(appname, appauthor=False)
def user_config_dir(appname, roaming=True):
# type: (str, bool) -> str
path = _appdirs.user_config_dir(appname, appauthor=False, roaming=roaming)
if _appdirs.system == "darwin" and not os.path.isdir(path):
path = os.path.expanduser('~/.config/')
if appname:
path = os.path.join(path, appname)
return path
# for the discussion regarding site_config_dir locations
# see <https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/1733>
def site_config_dirs(appname):
# type: (str) -> List[str]
dirval = _appdirs.site_config_dir(appname, appauthor=False, multipath=True)
if _appdirs.system not in ["win32", "darwin"]:
# always look in /etc directly as well
return dirval.split(os.pathsep) + ['/etc']
return [dirval]
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/inject_securetransport.py
|
"""A helper module that injects SecureTransport, on import.
The import should be done as early as possible, to ensure all requests and
sessions (or whatever) are created after injecting SecureTransport.
Note that we only do the injection on macOS, when the linked OpenSSL is too
old to handle TLSv1.2.
"""
import sys
def inject_securetransport():
# type: () -> None
# Only relevant on macOS
if sys.platform != "darwin":
return
try:
import ssl
except ImportError:
return
# Checks for OpenSSL 1.0.1
if ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x1000100f:
return
try:
from pip._vendor.urllib3.contrib import securetransport
except (ImportError, OSError):
return
securetransport.inject_into_urllib3()
inject_securetransport()
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/setuptools_build.py
|
import sys
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import List, Optional, Sequence
# Shim to wrap setup.py invocation with setuptools
#
# We set sys.argv[0] to the path to the underlying setup.py file so
# setuptools / distutils don't take the path to the setup.py to be "-c" when
# invoking via the shim. This avoids e.g. the following manifest_maker
# warning: "warning: manifest_maker: standard file '-c' not found".
_SETUPTOOLS_SHIM = (
"import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = {0!r}; __file__={0!r};"
"f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);"
"code=f.read().replace('\\r\\n', '\\n');"
"f.close();"
"exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))"
)
def make_setuptools_shim_args(
setup_py_path, # type: str
global_options=None, # type: Sequence[str]
no_user_config=False, # type: bool
unbuffered_output=False # type: bool
):
# type: (...) -> List[str]
"""
Get setuptools command arguments with shim wrapped setup file invocation.
:param setup_py_path: The path to setup.py to be wrapped.
:param global_options: Additional global options.
:param no_user_config: If True, disables personal user configuration.
:param unbuffered_output: If True, adds the unbuffered switch to the
argument list.
"""
args = [sys.executable]
if unbuffered_output:
args += ["-u"]
args += ["-c", _SETUPTOOLS_SHIM.format(setup_py_path)]
if global_options:
args += global_options
if no_user_config:
args += ["--no-user-cfg"]
return args
def make_setuptools_bdist_wheel_args(
setup_py_path, # type: str
global_options, # type: Sequence[str]
build_options, # type: Sequence[str]
destination_dir, # type: str
):
# type: (...) -> List[str]
# NOTE: Eventually, we'd want to also -S to the flags here, when we're
# isolating. Currently, it breaks Python in virtualenvs, because it
# relies on site.py to find parts of the standard library outside the
# virtualenv.
args = make_setuptools_shim_args(
setup_py_path,
global_options=global_options,
unbuffered_output=True
)
args += ["bdist_wheel", "-d", destination_dir]
args += build_options
return args
def make_setuptools_clean_args(
setup_py_path, # type: str
global_options, # type: Sequence[str]
):
# type: (...) -> List[str]
args = make_setuptools_shim_args(
setup_py_path,
global_options=global_options,
unbuffered_output=True
)
args += ["clean", "--all"]
return args
def make_setuptools_develop_args(
setup_py_path, # type: str
global_options, # type: Sequence[str]
install_options, # type: Sequence[str]
no_user_config, # type: bool
prefix, # type: Optional[str]
home, # type: Optional[str]
use_user_site, # type: bool
):
# type: (...) -> List[str]
assert not (use_user_site and prefix)
args = make_setuptools_shim_args(
setup_py_path,
global_options=global_options,
no_user_config=no_user_config,
)
args += ["develop", "--no-deps"]
args += install_options
if prefix:
args += ["--prefix", prefix]
if home is not None:
args += ["--home", home]
if use_user_site:
args += ["--user", "--prefix="]
return args
def make_setuptools_egg_info_args(
setup_py_path, # type: str
egg_info_dir, # type: Optional[str]
no_user_config, # type: bool
):
# type: (...) -> List[str]
args = make_setuptools_shim_args(
setup_py_path, no_user_config=no_user_config
)
args += ["egg_info"]
if egg_info_dir:
args += ["--egg-base", egg_info_dir]
return args
def make_setuptools_install_args(
setup_py_path, # type: str
global_options, # type: Sequence[str]
install_options, # type: Sequence[str]
record_filename, # type: str
root, # type: Optional[str]
prefix, # type: Optional[str]
header_dir, # type: Optional[str]
home, # type: Optional[str]
use_user_site, # type: bool
no_user_config, # type: bool
pycompile # type: bool
):
# type: (...) -> List[str]
assert not (use_user_site and prefix)
assert not (use_user_site and root)
args = make_setuptools_shim_args(
setup_py_path,
global_options=global_options,
no_user_config=no_user_config,
unbuffered_output=True
)
args += ["install", "--record", record_filename]
args += ["--single-version-externally-managed"]
if root is not None:
args += ["--root", root]
if prefix is not None:
args += ["--prefix", prefix]
if home is not None:
args += ["--home", home]
if use_user_site:
args += ["--user", "--prefix="]
if pycompile:
args += ["--compile"]
else:
args += ["--no-compile"]
if header_dir:
args += ["--install-headers", header_dir]
args += install_options
return args
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/packaging.py
|
from __future__ import absolute_import
import logging
from email.parser import FeedParser
from pip._vendor import pkg_resources
from pip._vendor.packaging import specifiers, version
from pip._internal.exceptions import NoneMetadataError
from pip._internal.utils.misc import display_path
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Optional, Tuple
from email.message import Message
from pip._vendor.pkg_resources import Distribution
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def check_requires_python(requires_python, version_info):
# type: (Optional[str], Tuple[int, ...]) -> bool
"""
Check if the given Python version matches a "Requires-Python" specifier.
:param version_info: A 3-tuple of ints representing a Python
major-minor-micro version to check (e.g. `sys.version_info[:3]`).
:return: `True` if the given Python version satisfies the requirement.
Otherwise, return `False`.
:raises InvalidSpecifier: If `requires_python` has an invalid format.
"""
if requires_python is None:
# The package provides no information
return True
requires_python_specifier = specifiers.SpecifierSet(requires_python)
python_version = version.parse('.'.join(map(str, version_info)))
return python_version in requires_python_specifier
def get_metadata(dist):
# type: (Distribution) -> Message
"""
:raises NoneMetadataError: if the distribution reports `has_metadata()`
True but `get_metadata()` returns None.
"""
metadata_name = 'METADATA'
if (isinstance(dist, pkg_resources.DistInfoDistribution) and
dist.has_metadata(metadata_name)):
metadata = dist.get_metadata(metadata_name)
elif dist.has_metadata('PKG-INFO'):
metadata_name = 'PKG-INFO'
metadata = dist.get_metadata(metadata_name)
else:
logger.warning("No metadata found in %s", display_path(dist.location))
metadata = ''
if metadata is None:
raise NoneMetadataError(dist, metadata_name)
feed_parser = FeedParser()
# The following line errors out if with a "NoneType" TypeError if
# passed metadata=None.
feed_parser.feed(metadata)
return feed_parser.close()
def get_requires_python(dist):
# type: (pkg_resources.Distribution) -> Optional[str]
"""
Return the "Requires-Python" metadata for a distribution, or None
if not present.
"""
pkg_info_dict = get_metadata(dist)
requires_python = pkg_info_dict.get('Requires-Python')
if requires_python is not None:
# Convert to a str to satisfy the type checker, since requires_python
# can be a Header object.
requires_python = str(requires_python)
return requires_python
def get_installer(dist):
# type: (Distribution) -> str
if dist.has_metadata('INSTALLER'):
for line in dist.get_metadata_lines('INSTALLER'):
if line.strip():
return line.strip()
return ''
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/distutils_args.py
|
from distutils.errors import DistutilsArgError
from distutils.fancy_getopt import FancyGetopt
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Dict, List
_options = [
("exec-prefix=", None, ""),
("home=", None, ""),
("install-base=", None, ""),
("install-data=", None, ""),
("install-headers=", None, ""),
("install-lib=", None, ""),
("install-platlib=", None, ""),
("install-purelib=", None, ""),
("install-scripts=", None, ""),
("prefix=", None, ""),
("root=", None, ""),
("user", None, ""),
]
# typeshed doesn't permit Tuple[str, None, str], see python/typeshed#3469.
_distutils_getopt = FancyGetopt(_options) # type: ignore
def parse_distutils_args(args):
# type: (List[str]) -> Dict[str, str]
"""Parse provided arguments, returning an object that has the
matched arguments.
Any unknown arguments are ignored.
"""
result = {}
for arg in args:
try:
_, match = _distutils_getopt.getopt(args=[arg])
except DistutilsArgError:
# We don't care about any other options, which here may be
# considered unrecognized since our option list is not
# exhaustive.
pass
else:
result.update(match.__dict__)
return result
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/entrypoints.py
|
import sys
from pip._internal.cli.main import main
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Optional, List
def _wrapper(args=None):
# type: (Optional[List[str]]) -> int
"""Central wrapper for all old entrypoints.
Historically pip has had several entrypoints defined. Because of issues
arising from PATH, sys.path, multiple Pythons, their interactions, and most
of them having a pip installed, users suffer every time an entrypoint gets
moved.
To alleviate this pain, and provide a mechanism for warning users and
directing them to an appropriate place for help, we now define all of
our old entrypoints as wrappers for the current one.
"""
sys.stderr.write(
"WARNING: pip is being invoked by an old script wrapper. This will "
"fail in a future version of pip.\n"
"Please see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5599 for advice on "
"fixing the underlying issue.\n"
"To avoid this problem you can invoke Python with '-m pip' instead of "
"running pip directly.\n"
)
return main(args)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/filetypes.py
|
"""Filetype information.
"""
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Tuple
WHEEL_EXTENSION = '.whl'
BZ2_EXTENSIONS = ('.tar.bz2', '.tbz') # type: Tuple[str, ...]
XZ_EXTENSIONS = ('.tar.xz', '.txz', '.tlz',
'.tar.lz', '.tar.lzma') # type: Tuple[str, ...]
ZIP_EXTENSIONS = ('.zip', WHEEL_EXTENSION) # type: Tuple[str, ...]
TAR_EXTENSIONS = ('.tar.gz', '.tgz', '.tar') # type: Tuple[str, ...]
ARCHIVE_EXTENSIONS = (
ZIP_EXTENSIONS + BZ2_EXTENSIONS + TAR_EXTENSIONS + XZ_EXTENSIONS
)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/pkg_resources.py
|
from pip._vendor.pkg_resources import yield_lines
from pip._vendor.six import ensure_str
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Dict, Iterable, List
class DictMetadata(object):
"""IMetadataProvider that reads metadata files from a dictionary.
"""
def __init__(self, metadata):
# type: (Dict[str, bytes]) -> None
self._metadata = metadata
def has_metadata(self, name):
# type: (str) -> bool
return name in self._metadata
def get_metadata(self, name):
# type: (str) -> str
try:
return ensure_str(self._metadata[name])
except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
# Mirrors handling done in pkg_resources.NullProvider.
e.reason += " in {} file".format(name)
raise
def get_metadata_lines(self, name):
# type: (str) -> Iterable[str]
return yield_lines(self.get_metadata(name))
def metadata_isdir(self, name):
# type: (str) -> bool
return False
def metadata_listdir(self, name):
# type: (str) -> List[str]
return []
def run_script(self, script_name, namespace):
# type: (str, str) -> None
pass
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/typing.py
|
"""For neatly implementing static typing in pip.
`mypy` - the static type analysis tool we use - uses the `typing` module, which
provides core functionality fundamental to mypy's functioning.
Generally, `typing` would be imported at runtime and used in that fashion -
it acts as a no-op at runtime and does not have any run-time overhead by
design.
As it turns out, `typing` is not vendorable - it uses separate sources for
Python 2/Python 3. Thus, this codebase can not expect it to be present.
To work around this, mypy allows the typing import to be behind a False-y
optional to prevent it from running at runtime and type-comments can be used
to remove the need for the types to be accessible directly during runtime.
This module provides the False-y guard in a nicely named fashion so that a
curious maintainer can reach here to read this.
In pip, all static-typing related imports should be guarded as follows:
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import ...
Ref: https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/3216
"""
MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING = False
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import cast
else:
# typing's cast() is needed at runtime, but we don't want to import typing.
# Thus, we use a dummy no-op version, which we tell mypy to ignore.
def cast(type_, value): # type: ignore
return value
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/parallel.py
|
"""Convenient parallelization of higher order functions.
This module provides two helper functions, with appropriate fallbacks on
Python 2 and on systems lacking support for synchronization mechanisms:
- map_multiprocess
- map_multithread
These helpers work like Python 3's map, with two differences:
- They don't guarantee the order of processing of
the elements of the iterable.
- The underlying process/thread pools chop the iterable into
a number of chunks, so that for very long iterables using
a large value for chunksize can make the job complete much faster
than using the default value of 1.
"""
__all__ = ['map_multiprocess', 'map_multithread']
from contextlib import contextmanager
from multiprocessing import Pool as ProcessPool
from multiprocessing.dummy import Pool as ThreadPool
from pip._vendor.requests.adapters import DEFAULT_POOLSIZE
from pip._vendor.six import PY2
from pip._vendor.six.moves import map
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Callable, Iterable, Iterator, Union, TypeVar
from multiprocessing import pool
Pool = Union[pool.Pool, pool.ThreadPool]
S = TypeVar('S')
T = TypeVar('T')
# On platforms without sem_open, multiprocessing[.dummy] Pool
# cannot be created.
try:
import multiprocessing.synchronize # noqa
except ImportError:
LACK_SEM_OPEN = True
else:
LACK_SEM_OPEN = False
# Incredibly large timeout to work around bpo-8296 on Python 2.
TIMEOUT = 2000000
@contextmanager
def closing(pool):
# type: (Pool) -> Iterator[Pool]
"""Return a context manager making sure the pool closes properly."""
try:
yield pool
finally:
# For Pool.imap*, close and join are needed
# for the returned iterator to begin yielding.
pool.close()
pool.join()
pool.terminate()
def _map_fallback(func, iterable, chunksize=1):
# type: (Callable[[S], T], Iterable[S], int) -> Iterator[T]
"""Make an iterator applying func to each element in iterable.
This function is the sequential fallback either on Python 2
where Pool.imap* doesn't react to KeyboardInterrupt
or when sem_open is unavailable.
"""
return map(func, iterable)
def _map_multiprocess(func, iterable, chunksize=1):
# type: (Callable[[S], T], Iterable[S], int) -> Iterator[T]
"""Chop iterable into chunks and submit them to a process pool.
For very long iterables using a large value for chunksize can make
the job complete much faster than using the default value of 1.
Return an unordered iterator of the results.
"""
with closing(ProcessPool()) as pool:
return pool.imap_unordered(func, iterable, chunksize)
def _map_multithread(func, iterable, chunksize=1):
# type: (Callable[[S], T], Iterable[S], int) -> Iterator[T]
"""Chop iterable into chunks and submit them to a thread pool.
For very long iterables using a large value for chunksize can make
the job complete much faster than using the default value of 1.
Return an unordered iterator of the results.
"""
with closing(ThreadPool(DEFAULT_POOLSIZE)) as pool:
return pool.imap_unordered(func, iterable, chunksize)
if LACK_SEM_OPEN or PY2:
map_multiprocess = map_multithread = _map_fallback
else:
map_multiprocess = _map_multiprocess
map_multithread = _map_multithread
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/compatibility_tags.py
|
"""Generate and work with PEP 425 Compatibility Tags.
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import
import re
from pip._vendor.packaging.tags import (
Tag,
compatible_tags,
cpython_tags,
generic_tags,
interpreter_name,
interpreter_version,
mac_platforms,
)
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
from pip._vendor.packaging.tags import PythonVersion
_osx_arch_pat = re.compile(r'(.+)_(\d+)_(\d+)_(.+)')
def version_info_to_nodot(version_info):
# type: (Tuple[int, ...]) -> str
# Only use up to the first two numbers.
return ''.join(map(str, version_info[:2]))
def _mac_platforms(arch):
# type: (str) -> List[str]
match = _osx_arch_pat.match(arch)
if match:
name, major, minor, actual_arch = match.groups()
mac_version = (int(major), int(minor))
arches = [
# Since we have always only checked that the platform starts
# with "macosx", for backwards-compatibility we extract the
# actual prefix provided by the user in case they provided
# something like "macosxcustom_". It may be good to remove
# this as undocumented or deprecate it in the future.
'{}_{}'.format(name, arch[len('macosx_'):])
for arch in mac_platforms(mac_version, actual_arch)
]
else:
# arch pattern didn't match (?!)
arches = [arch]
return arches
def _custom_manylinux_platforms(arch):
# type: (str) -> List[str]
arches = [arch]
arch_prefix, arch_sep, arch_suffix = arch.partition('_')
if arch_prefix == 'manylinux2014':
# manylinux1/manylinux2010 wheels run on most manylinux2014 systems
# with the exception of wheels depending on ncurses. PEP 599 states
# manylinux1/manylinux2010 wheels should be considered
# manylinux2014 wheels:
# https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0599/#backwards-compatibility-with-manylinux2010-wheels
if arch_suffix in {'i686', 'x86_64'}:
arches.append('manylinux2010' + arch_sep + arch_suffix)
arches.append('manylinux1' + arch_sep + arch_suffix)
elif arch_prefix == 'manylinux2010':
# manylinux1 wheels run on most manylinux2010 systems with the
# exception of wheels depending on ncurses. PEP 571 states
# manylinux1 wheels should be considered manylinux2010 wheels:
# https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0571/#backwards-compatibility-with-manylinux1-wheels
arches.append('manylinux1' + arch_sep + arch_suffix)
return arches
def _get_custom_platforms(arch):
# type: (str) -> List[str]
arch_prefix, arch_sep, arch_suffix = arch.partition('_')
if arch.startswith('macosx'):
arches = _mac_platforms(arch)
elif arch_prefix in ['manylinux2014', 'manylinux2010']:
arches = _custom_manylinux_platforms(arch)
else:
arches = [arch]
return arches
def _get_python_version(version):
# type: (str) -> PythonVersion
if len(version) > 1:
return int(version[0]), int(version[1:])
else:
return (int(version[0]),)
def _get_custom_interpreter(implementation=None, version=None):
# type: (Optional[str], Optional[str]) -> str
if implementation is None:
implementation = interpreter_name()
if version is None:
version = interpreter_version()
return "{}{}".format(implementation, version)
def get_supported(
version=None, # type: Optional[str]
platform=None, # type: Optional[str]
impl=None, # type: Optional[str]
abi=None # type: Optional[str]
):
# type: (...) -> List[Tag]
"""Return a list of supported tags for each version specified in
`versions`.
:param version: a string version, of the form "33" or "32",
or None. The version will be assumed to support our ABI.
:param platform: specify the exact platform you want valid
tags for, or None. If None, use the local system platform.
:param impl: specify the exact implementation you want valid
tags for, or None. If None, use the local interpreter impl.
:param abi: specify the exact abi you want valid
tags for, or None. If None, use the local interpreter abi.
"""
supported = [] # type: List[Tag]
python_version = None # type: Optional[PythonVersion]
if version is not None:
python_version = _get_python_version(version)
interpreter = _get_custom_interpreter(impl, version)
abis = None # type: Optional[List[str]]
if abi is not None:
abis = [abi]
platforms = None # type: Optional[List[str]]
if platform is not None:
platforms = _get_custom_platforms(platform)
is_cpython = (impl or interpreter_name()) == "cp"
if is_cpython:
supported.extend(
cpython_tags(
python_version=python_version,
abis=abis,
platforms=platforms,
)
)
else:
supported.extend(
generic_tags(
interpreter=interpreter,
abis=abis,
platforms=platforms,
)
)
supported.extend(
compatible_tags(
python_version=python_version,
interpreter=interpreter,
platforms=platforms,
)
)
return supported
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/datetime.py
|
"""For when pip wants to check the date or time.
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import
import datetime
def today_is_later_than(year, month, day):
# type: (int, int, int) -> bool
today = datetime.date.today()
given = datetime.date(year, month, day)
return today > given
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/urls.py
|
import os
import sys
from pip._vendor.six.moves.urllib import parse as urllib_parse
from pip._vendor.six.moves.urllib import request as urllib_request
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Optional, Text, Union
def get_url_scheme(url):
# type: (Union[str, Text]) -> Optional[Text]
if ':' not in url:
return None
return url.split(':', 1)[0].lower()
def path_to_url(path):
# type: (Union[str, Text]) -> str
"""
Convert a path to a file: URL. The path will be made absolute and have
quoted path parts.
"""
path = os.path.normpath(os.path.abspath(path))
url = urllib_parse.urljoin('file:', urllib_request.pathname2url(path))
return url
def url_to_path(url):
# type: (str) -> str
"""
Convert a file: URL to a path.
"""
assert url.startswith('file:'), (
"You can only turn file: urls into filenames (not {url!r})"
.format(**locals()))
_, netloc, path, _, _ = urllib_parse.urlsplit(url)
if not netloc or netloc == 'localhost':
# According to RFC 8089, same as empty authority.
netloc = ''
elif sys.platform == 'win32':
# If we have a UNC path, prepend UNC share notation.
netloc = '\\\\' + netloc
else:
raise ValueError(
'non-local file URIs are not supported on this platform: {url!r}'
.format(**locals())
)
path = urllib_request.url2pathname(netloc + path)
return path
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/hashes.py
|
from __future__ import absolute_import
import hashlib
from pip._vendor.six import iteritems, iterkeys, itervalues
from pip._internal.exceptions import (
HashMismatch,
HashMissing,
InstallationError,
)
from pip._internal.utils.misc import read_chunks
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import (
Dict, List, BinaryIO, NoReturn, Iterator
)
from pip._vendor.six import PY3
if PY3:
from hashlib import _Hash
else:
from hashlib import _hash as _Hash
# The recommended hash algo of the moment. Change this whenever the state of
# the art changes; it won't hurt backward compatibility.
FAVORITE_HASH = 'sha256'
# Names of hashlib algorithms allowed by the --hash option and ``pip hash``
# Currently, those are the ones at least as collision-resistant as sha256.
STRONG_HASHES = ['sha256', 'sha384', 'sha512']
class Hashes(object):
"""A wrapper that builds multiple hashes at once and checks them against
known-good values
"""
def __init__(self, hashes=None):
# type: (Dict[str, List[str]]) -> None
"""
:param hashes: A dict of algorithm names pointing to lists of allowed
hex digests
"""
self._allowed = {} if hashes is None else hashes
def __or__(self, other):
# type: (Hashes) -> Hashes
if not isinstance(other, Hashes):
return NotImplemented
new = self._allowed.copy()
for alg, values in iteritems(other._allowed):
try:
new[alg] += values
except KeyError:
new[alg] = values
return Hashes(new)
@property
def digest_count(self):
# type: () -> int
return sum(len(digests) for digests in self._allowed.values())
def is_hash_allowed(
self,
hash_name, # type: str
hex_digest, # type: str
):
# type: (...) -> bool
"""Return whether the given hex digest is allowed."""
return hex_digest in self._allowed.get(hash_name, [])
def check_against_chunks(self, chunks):
# type: (Iterator[bytes]) -> None
"""Check good hashes against ones built from iterable of chunks of
data.
Raise HashMismatch if none match.
"""
gots = {}
for hash_name in iterkeys(self._allowed):
try:
gots[hash_name] = hashlib.new(hash_name)
except (ValueError, TypeError):
raise InstallationError(
'Unknown hash name: {}'.format(hash_name)
)
for chunk in chunks:
for hash in itervalues(gots):
hash.update(chunk)
for hash_name, got in iteritems(gots):
if got.hexdigest() in self._allowed[hash_name]:
return
self._raise(gots)
def _raise(self, gots):
# type: (Dict[str, _Hash]) -> NoReturn
raise HashMismatch(self._allowed, gots)
def check_against_file(self, file):
# type: (BinaryIO) -> None
"""Check good hashes against a file-like object
Raise HashMismatch if none match.
"""
return self.check_against_chunks(read_chunks(file))
def check_against_path(self, path):
# type: (str) -> None
with open(path, 'rb') as file:
return self.check_against_file(file)
def __nonzero__(self):
# type: () -> bool
"""Return whether I know any known-good hashes."""
return bool(self._allowed)
def __bool__(self):
# type: () -> bool
return self.__nonzero__()
class MissingHashes(Hashes):
"""A workalike for Hashes used when we're missing a hash for a requirement
It computes the actual hash of the requirement and raises a HashMissing
exception showing it to the user.
"""
def __init__(self):
# type: () -> None
"""Don't offer the ``hashes`` kwarg."""
# Pass our favorite hash in to generate a "gotten hash". With the
# empty list, it will never match, so an error will always raise.
super(MissingHashes, self).__init__(hashes={FAVORITE_HASH: []})
def _raise(self, gots):
# type: (Dict[str, _Hash]) -> NoReturn
raise HashMissing(gots[FAVORITE_HASH].hexdigest())
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/virtualenv.py
|
from __future__ import absolute_import
import io
import logging
import os
import re
import site
import sys
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import List, Optional
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
_INCLUDE_SYSTEM_SITE_PACKAGES_REGEX = re.compile(
r"include-system-site-packages\s*=\s*(?P<value>true|false)"
)
def _running_under_venv():
# type: () -> bool
"""Checks if sys.base_prefix and sys.prefix match.
This handles PEP 405 compliant virtual environments.
"""
return sys.prefix != getattr(sys, "base_prefix", sys.prefix)
def _running_under_regular_virtualenv():
# type: () -> bool
"""Checks if sys.real_prefix is set.
This handles virtual environments created with pypa's virtualenv.
"""
# pypa/virtualenv case
return hasattr(sys, 'real_prefix')
def running_under_virtualenv():
# type: () -> bool
"""Return True if we're running inside a virtualenv, False otherwise.
"""
return _running_under_venv() or _running_under_regular_virtualenv()
def _get_pyvenv_cfg_lines():
# type: () -> Optional[List[str]]
"""Reads {sys.prefix}/pyvenv.cfg and returns its contents as list of lines
Returns None, if it could not read/access the file.
"""
pyvenv_cfg_file = os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'pyvenv.cfg')
try:
# Although PEP 405 does not specify, the built-in venv module always
# writes with UTF-8. (pypa/pip#8717)
with io.open(pyvenv_cfg_file, encoding='utf-8') as f:
return f.read().splitlines() # avoids trailing newlines
except IOError:
return None
def _no_global_under_venv():
# type: () -> bool
"""Check `{sys.prefix}/pyvenv.cfg` for system site-packages inclusion
PEP 405 specifies that when system site-packages are not supposed to be
visible from a virtual environment, `pyvenv.cfg` must contain the following
line:
include-system-site-packages = false
Additionally, log a warning if accessing the file fails.
"""
cfg_lines = _get_pyvenv_cfg_lines()
if cfg_lines is None:
# We're not in a "sane" venv, so assume there is no system
# site-packages access (since that's PEP 405's default state).
logger.warning(
"Could not access 'pyvenv.cfg' despite a virtual environment "
"being active. Assuming global site-packages is not accessible "
"in this environment."
)
return True
for line in cfg_lines:
match = _INCLUDE_SYSTEM_SITE_PACKAGES_REGEX.match(line)
if match is not None and match.group('value') == 'false':
return True
return False
def _no_global_under_regular_virtualenv():
# type: () -> bool
"""Check if "no-global-site-packages.txt" exists beside site.py
This mirrors logic in pypa/virtualenv for determining whether system
site-packages are visible in the virtual environment.
"""
site_mod_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(site.__file__))
no_global_site_packages_file = os.path.join(
site_mod_dir, 'no-global-site-packages.txt',
)
return os.path.exists(no_global_site_packages_file)
def virtualenv_no_global():
# type: () -> bool
"""Returns a boolean, whether running in venv with no system site-packages.
"""
# PEP 405 compliance needs to be checked first since virtualenv >=20 would
# return True for both checks, but is only able to use the PEP 405 config.
if _running_under_venv():
return _no_global_under_venv()
if _running_under_regular_virtualenv():
return _no_global_under_regular_virtualenv()
return False
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/glibc.py
|
# The following comment should be removed at some point in the future.
# mypy: strict-optional=False
from __future__ import absolute_import
import os
import sys
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Optional, Tuple
def glibc_version_string():
# type: () -> Optional[str]
"Returns glibc version string, or None if not using glibc."
return glibc_version_string_confstr() or glibc_version_string_ctypes()
def glibc_version_string_confstr():
# type: () -> Optional[str]
"Primary implementation of glibc_version_string using os.confstr."
# os.confstr is quite a bit faster than ctypes.DLL. It's also less likely
# to be broken or missing. This strategy is used in the standard library
# platform module:
# https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/fcf1d003bf4f0100c9d0921ff3d70e1127ca1b71/Lib/platform.py#L175-L183
if sys.platform == "win32":
return None
try:
# os.confstr("CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION") returns a string like "glibc 2.17":
_, version = os.confstr("CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION").split()
except (AttributeError, OSError, ValueError):
# os.confstr() or CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION not available (or a bad value)...
return None
return version
def glibc_version_string_ctypes():
# type: () -> Optional[str]
"Fallback implementation of glibc_version_string using ctypes."
try:
import ctypes
except ImportError:
return None
# ctypes.CDLL(None) internally calls dlopen(NULL), and as the dlopen
# manpage says, "If filename is NULL, then the returned handle is for the
# main program". This way we can let the linker do the work to figure out
# which libc our process is actually using.
process_namespace = ctypes.CDLL(None)
try:
gnu_get_libc_version = process_namespace.gnu_get_libc_version
except AttributeError:
# Symbol doesn't exist -> therefore, we are not linked to
# glibc.
return None
# Call gnu_get_libc_version, which returns a string like "2.5"
gnu_get_libc_version.restype = ctypes.c_char_p
version_str = gnu_get_libc_version()
# py2 / py3 compatibility:
if not isinstance(version_str, str):
version_str = version_str.decode("ascii")
return version_str
# platform.libc_ver regularly returns completely nonsensical glibc
# versions. E.g. on my computer, platform says:
#
# ~$ python2.7 -c 'import platform; print(platform.libc_ver())'
# ('glibc', '2.7')
# ~$ python3.5 -c 'import platform; print(platform.libc_ver())'
# ('glibc', '2.9')
#
# But the truth is:
#
# ~$ ldd --version
# ldd (Debian GLIBC 2.22-11) 2.22
#
# This is unfortunate, because it means that the linehaul data on libc
# versions that was generated by pip 8.1.2 and earlier is useless and
# misleading. Solution: instead of using platform, use our code that actually
# works.
def libc_ver():
# type: () -> Tuple[str, str]
"""Try to determine the glibc version
Returns a tuple of strings (lib, version) which default to empty strings
in case the lookup fails.
"""
glibc_version = glibc_version_string()
if glibc_version is None:
return ("", "")
else:
return ("glibc", glibc_version)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/wheel.py
|
"""Support functions for working with wheel files.
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import
import logging
from email.parser import Parser
from zipfile import ZipFile
from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
from pip._vendor.pkg_resources import DistInfoDistribution
from pip._vendor.six import PY2, ensure_str
from pip._internal.exceptions import UnsupportedWheel
from pip._internal.utils.pkg_resources import DictMetadata
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from email.message import Message
from typing import Dict, Tuple
from pip._vendor.pkg_resources import Distribution
if PY2:
from zipfile import BadZipfile as BadZipFile
else:
from zipfile import BadZipFile
VERSION_COMPATIBLE = (1, 0)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class WheelMetadata(DictMetadata):
"""Metadata provider that maps metadata decoding exceptions to our
internal exception type.
"""
def __init__(self, metadata, wheel_name):
# type: (Dict[str, bytes], str) -> None
super(WheelMetadata, self).__init__(metadata)
self._wheel_name = wheel_name
def get_metadata(self, name):
# type: (str) -> str
try:
return super(WheelMetadata, self).get_metadata(name)
except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
# Augment the default error with the origin of the file.
raise UnsupportedWheel(
"Error decoding metadata for {}: {}".format(
self._wheel_name, e
)
)
def pkg_resources_distribution_for_wheel(wheel_zip, name, location):
# type: (ZipFile, str, str) -> Distribution
"""Get a pkg_resources distribution given a wheel.
:raises UnsupportedWheel: on any errors
"""
info_dir, _ = parse_wheel(wheel_zip, name)
metadata_files = [
p for p in wheel_zip.namelist() if p.startswith("{}/".format(info_dir))
]
metadata_text = {} # type: Dict[str, bytes]
for path in metadata_files:
# If a flag is set, namelist entries may be unicode in Python 2.
# We coerce them to native str type to match the types used in the rest
# of the code. This cannot fail because unicode can always be encoded
# with UTF-8.
full_path = ensure_str(path)
_, metadata_name = full_path.split("/", 1)
try:
metadata_text[metadata_name] = read_wheel_metadata_file(
wheel_zip, full_path
)
except UnsupportedWheel as e:
raise UnsupportedWheel(
"{} has an invalid wheel, {}".format(name, str(e))
)
metadata = WheelMetadata(metadata_text, location)
return DistInfoDistribution(
location=location, metadata=metadata, project_name=name
)
def parse_wheel(wheel_zip, name):
# type: (ZipFile, str) -> Tuple[str, Message]
"""Extract information from the provided wheel, ensuring it meets basic
standards.
Returns the name of the .dist-info directory and the parsed WHEEL metadata.
"""
try:
info_dir = wheel_dist_info_dir(wheel_zip, name)
metadata = wheel_metadata(wheel_zip, info_dir)
version = wheel_version(metadata)
except UnsupportedWheel as e:
raise UnsupportedWheel(
"{} has an invalid wheel, {}".format(name, str(e))
)
check_compatibility(version, name)
return info_dir, metadata
def wheel_dist_info_dir(source, name):
# type: (ZipFile, str) -> str
"""Returns the name of the contained .dist-info directory.
Raises AssertionError or UnsupportedWheel if not found, >1 found, or
it doesn't match the provided name.
"""
# Zip file path separators must be /
subdirs = set(p.split("/", 1)[0] for p in source.namelist())
info_dirs = [s for s in subdirs if s.endswith('.dist-info')]
if not info_dirs:
raise UnsupportedWheel(".dist-info directory not found")
if len(info_dirs) > 1:
raise UnsupportedWheel(
"multiple .dist-info directories found: {}".format(
", ".join(info_dirs)
)
)
info_dir = info_dirs[0]
info_dir_name = canonicalize_name(info_dir)
canonical_name = canonicalize_name(name)
if not info_dir_name.startswith(canonical_name):
raise UnsupportedWheel(
".dist-info directory {!r} does not start with {!r}".format(
info_dir, canonical_name
)
)
# Zip file paths can be unicode or str depending on the zip entry flags,
# so normalize it.
return ensure_str(info_dir)
def read_wheel_metadata_file(source, path):
# type: (ZipFile, str) -> bytes
try:
return source.read(path)
# BadZipFile for general corruption, KeyError for missing entry,
# and RuntimeError for password-protected files
except (BadZipFile, KeyError, RuntimeError) as e:
raise UnsupportedWheel(
"could not read {!r} file: {!r}".format(path, e)
)
def wheel_metadata(source, dist_info_dir):
# type: (ZipFile, str) -> Message
"""Return the WHEEL metadata of an extracted wheel, if possible.
Otherwise, raise UnsupportedWheel.
"""
path = "{}/WHEEL".format(dist_info_dir)
# Zip file path separators must be /
wheel_contents = read_wheel_metadata_file(source, path)
try:
wheel_text = ensure_str(wheel_contents)
except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
raise UnsupportedWheel("error decoding {!r}: {!r}".format(path, e))
# FeedParser (used by Parser) does not raise any exceptions. The returned
# message may have .defects populated, but for backwards-compatibility we
# currently ignore them.
return Parser().parsestr(wheel_text)
def wheel_version(wheel_data):
# type: (Message) -> Tuple[int, ...]
"""Given WHEEL metadata, return the parsed Wheel-Version.
Otherwise, raise UnsupportedWheel.
"""
version_text = wheel_data["Wheel-Version"]
if version_text is None:
raise UnsupportedWheel("WHEEL is missing Wheel-Version")
version = version_text.strip()
try:
return tuple(map(int, version.split('.')))
except ValueError:
raise UnsupportedWheel("invalid Wheel-Version: {!r}".format(version))
def check_compatibility(version, name):
# type: (Tuple[int, ...], str) -> None
"""Raises errors or warns if called with an incompatible Wheel-Version.
pip should refuse to install a Wheel-Version that's a major series
ahead of what it's compatible with (e.g 2.0 > 1.1); and warn when
installing a version only minor version ahead (e.g 1.2 > 1.1).
version: a 2-tuple representing a Wheel-Version (Major, Minor)
name: name of wheel or package to raise exception about
:raises UnsupportedWheel: when an incompatible Wheel-Version is given
"""
if version[0] > VERSION_COMPATIBLE[0]:
raise UnsupportedWheel(
"{}'s Wheel-Version ({}) is not compatible with this version "
"of pip".format(name, '.'.join(map(str, version)))
)
elif version > VERSION_COMPATIBLE:
logger.warning(
'Installing from a newer Wheel-Version (%s)',
'.'.join(map(str, version)),
)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py
|
"""Utilities related archives.
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import
import logging
import os
import shutil
import stat
import tarfile
import zipfile
from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError
from pip._internal.utils.filetypes import (
BZ2_EXTENSIONS,
TAR_EXTENSIONS,
XZ_EXTENSIONS,
ZIP_EXTENSIONS,
)
from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Iterable, List, Optional, Text, Union
from zipfile import ZipInfo
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
SUPPORTED_EXTENSIONS = ZIP_EXTENSIONS + TAR_EXTENSIONS
try:
import bz2 # noqa
SUPPORTED_EXTENSIONS += BZ2_EXTENSIONS
except ImportError:
logger.debug('bz2 module is not available')
try:
# Only for Python 3.3+
import lzma # noqa
SUPPORTED_EXTENSIONS += XZ_EXTENSIONS
except ImportError:
logger.debug('lzma module is not available')
def current_umask():
# type: () -> int
"""Get the current umask which involves having to set it temporarily."""
mask = os.umask(0)
os.umask(mask)
return mask
def split_leading_dir(path):
# type: (Union[str, Text]) -> List[Union[str, Text]]
path = path.lstrip('/').lstrip('\\')
if (
'/' in path and (
('\\' in path and path.find('/') < path.find('\\')) or
'\\' not in path
)
):
return path.split('/', 1)
elif '\\' in path:
return path.split('\\', 1)
else:
return [path, '']
def has_leading_dir(paths):
# type: (Iterable[Union[str, Text]]) -> bool
"""Returns true if all the paths have the same leading path name
(i.e., everything is in one subdirectory in an archive)"""
common_prefix = None
for path in paths:
prefix, rest = split_leading_dir(path)
if not prefix:
return False
elif common_prefix is None:
common_prefix = prefix
elif prefix != common_prefix:
return False
return True
def is_within_directory(directory, target):
# type: ((Union[str, Text]), (Union[str, Text])) -> bool
"""
Return true if the absolute path of target is within the directory
"""
abs_directory = os.path.abspath(directory)
abs_target = os.path.abspath(target)
prefix = os.path.commonprefix([abs_directory, abs_target])
return prefix == abs_directory
def set_extracted_file_to_default_mode_plus_executable(path):
# type: (Union[str, Text]) -> None
"""
Make file present at path have execute for user/group/world
(chmod +x) is no-op on windows per python docs
"""
os.chmod(path, (0o777 & ~current_umask() | 0o111))
def zip_item_is_executable(info):
# type: (ZipInfo) -> bool
mode = info.external_attr >> 16
# if mode and regular file and any execute permissions for
# user/group/world?
return bool(mode and stat.S_ISREG(mode) and mode & 0o111)
def unzip_file(filename, location, flatten=True):
# type: (str, str, bool) -> None
"""
Unzip the file (with path `filename`) to the destination `location`. All
files are written based on system defaults and umask (i.e. permissions are
not preserved), except that regular file members with any execute
permissions (user, group, or world) have "chmod +x" applied after being
written. Note that for windows, any execute changes using os.chmod are
no-ops per the python docs.
"""
ensure_dir(location)
zipfp = open(filename, 'rb')
try:
zip = zipfile.ZipFile(zipfp, allowZip64=True)
leading = has_leading_dir(zip.namelist()) and flatten
for info in zip.infolist():
name = info.filename
fn = name
if leading:
fn = split_leading_dir(name)[1]
fn = os.path.join(location, fn)
dir = os.path.dirname(fn)
if not is_within_directory(location, fn):
message = (
'The zip file ({}) has a file ({}) trying to install '
'outside target directory ({})'
)
raise InstallationError(message.format(filename, fn, location))
if fn.endswith('/') or fn.endswith('\\'):
# A directory
ensure_dir(fn)
else:
ensure_dir(dir)
# Don't use read() to avoid allocating an arbitrarily large
# chunk of memory for the file's content
fp = zip.open(name)
try:
with open(fn, 'wb') as destfp:
shutil.copyfileobj(fp, destfp)
finally:
fp.close()
if zip_item_is_executable(info):
set_extracted_file_to_default_mode_plus_executable(fn)
finally:
zipfp.close()
def untar_file(filename, location):
# type: (str, str) -> None
"""
Untar the file (with path `filename`) to the destination `location`.
All files are written based on system defaults and umask (i.e. permissions
are not preserved), except that regular file members with any execute
permissions (user, group, or world) have "chmod +x" applied after being
written. Note that for windows, any execute changes using os.chmod are
no-ops per the python docs.
"""
ensure_dir(location)
if filename.lower().endswith('.gz') or filename.lower().endswith('.tgz'):
mode = 'r:gz'
elif filename.lower().endswith(BZ2_EXTENSIONS):
mode = 'r:bz2'
elif filename.lower().endswith(XZ_EXTENSIONS):
mode = 'r:xz'
elif filename.lower().endswith('.tar'):
mode = 'r'
else:
logger.warning(
'Cannot determine compression type for file %s', filename,
)
mode = 'r:*'
tar = tarfile.open(filename, mode)
try:
leading = has_leading_dir([
member.name for member in tar.getmembers()
])
for member in tar.getmembers():
fn = member.name
if leading:
# https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/1174
fn = split_leading_dir(fn)[1] # type: ignore
path = os.path.join(location, fn)
if not is_within_directory(location, path):
message = (
'The tar file ({}) has a file ({}) trying to install '
'outside target directory ({})'
)
raise InstallationError(
message.format(filename, path, location)
)
if member.isdir():
ensure_dir(path)
elif member.issym():
try:
# https://github.com/python/typeshed/issues/2673
tar._extract_member(member, path) # type: ignore
except Exception as exc:
# Some corrupt tar files seem to produce this
# (specifically bad symlinks)
logger.warning(
'In the tar file %s the member %s is invalid: %s',
filename, member.name, exc,
)
continue
else:
try:
fp = tar.extractfile(member)
except (KeyError, AttributeError) as exc:
# Some corrupt tar files seem to produce this
# (specifically bad symlinks)
logger.warning(
'In the tar file %s the member %s is invalid: %s',
filename, member.name, exc,
)
continue
ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(path))
assert fp is not None
with open(path, 'wb') as destfp:
shutil.copyfileobj(fp, destfp)
fp.close()
# Update the timestamp (useful for cython compiled files)
# https://github.com/python/typeshed/issues/2673
tar.utime(member, path) # type: ignore
# member have any execute permissions for user/group/world?
if member.mode & 0o111:
set_extracted_file_to_default_mode_plus_executable(path)
finally:
tar.close()
def unpack_file(
filename, # type: str
location, # type: str
content_type=None, # type: Optional[str]
):
# type: (...) -> None
filename = os.path.realpath(filename)
if (
content_type == 'application/zip' or
filename.lower().endswith(ZIP_EXTENSIONS) or
zipfile.is_zipfile(filename)
):
unzip_file(
filename,
location,
flatten=not filename.endswith('.whl')
)
elif (
content_type == 'application/x-gzip' or
tarfile.is_tarfile(filename) or
filename.lower().endswith(
TAR_EXTENSIONS + BZ2_EXTENSIONS + XZ_EXTENSIONS
)
):
untar_file(filename, location)
else:
# FIXME: handle?
# FIXME: magic signatures?
logger.critical(
'Cannot unpack file %s (downloaded from %s, content-type: %s); '
'cannot detect archive format',
filename, location, content_type,
)
raise InstallationError(
'Cannot determine archive format of {}'.format(location)
)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/link.py
|
import os
import posixpath
import re
from pip._vendor.six.moves.urllib import parse as urllib_parse
from pip._internal.utils.filetypes import WHEEL_EXTENSION
from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
redact_auth_from_url,
split_auth_from_netloc,
splitext,
)
from pip._internal.utils.models import KeyBasedCompareMixin
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url, url_to_path
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Optional, Text, Tuple, Union
from pip._internal.index.collector import HTMLPage
from pip._internal.utils.hashes import Hashes
class Link(KeyBasedCompareMixin):
"""Represents a parsed link from a Package Index's simple URL
"""
__slots__ = [
"_parsed_url",
"_url",
"comes_from",
"requires_python",
"yanked_reason",
"cache_link_parsing",
]
def __init__(
self,
url, # type: str
comes_from=None, # type: Optional[Union[str, HTMLPage]]
requires_python=None, # type: Optional[str]
yanked_reason=None, # type: Optional[Text]
cache_link_parsing=True, # type: bool
):
# type: (...) -> None
"""
:param url: url of the resource pointed to (href of the link)
:param comes_from: instance of HTMLPage where the link was found,
or string.
:param requires_python: String containing the `Requires-Python`
metadata field, specified in PEP 345. This may be specified by
a data-requires-python attribute in the HTML link tag, as
described in PEP 503.
:param yanked_reason: the reason the file has been yanked, if the
file has been yanked, or None if the file hasn't been yanked.
This is the value of the "data-yanked" attribute, if present, in
a simple repository HTML link. If the file has been yanked but
no reason was provided, this should be the empty string. See
PEP 592 for more information and the specification.
:param cache_link_parsing: A flag that is used elsewhere to determine
whether resources retrieved from this link
should be cached. PyPI index urls should
generally have this set to False, for
example.
"""
# url can be a UNC windows share
if url.startswith('\\\\'):
url = path_to_url(url)
self._parsed_url = urllib_parse.urlsplit(url)
# Store the url as a private attribute to prevent accidentally
# trying to set a new value.
self._url = url
self.comes_from = comes_from
self.requires_python = requires_python if requires_python else None
self.yanked_reason = yanked_reason
super(Link, self).__init__(key=url, defining_class=Link)
self.cache_link_parsing = cache_link_parsing
def __str__(self):
# type: () -> str
if self.requires_python:
rp = ' (requires-python:{})'.format(self.requires_python)
else:
rp = ''
if self.comes_from:
return '{} (from {}){}'.format(
redact_auth_from_url(self._url), self.comes_from, rp)
else:
return redact_auth_from_url(str(self._url))
def __repr__(self):
# type: () -> str
return '<Link {}>'.format(self)
@property
def url(self):
# type: () -> str
return self._url
@property
def filename(self):
# type: () -> str
path = self.path.rstrip('/')
name = posixpath.basename(path)
if not name:
# Make sure we don't leak auth information if the netloc
# includes a username and password.
netloc, user_pass = split_auth_from_netloc(self.netloc)
return netloc
name = urllib_parse.unquote(name)
assert name, (
'URL {self._url!r} produced no filename'.format(**locals()))
return name
@property
def file_path(self):
# type: () -> str
return url_to_path(self.url)
@property
def scheme(self):
# type: () -> str
return self._parsed_url.scheme
@property
def netloc(self):
# type: () -> str
"""
This can contain auth information.
"""
return self._parsed_url.netloc
@property
def path(self):
# type: () -> str
return urllib_parse.unquote(self._parsed_url.path)
def splitext(self):
# type: () -> Tuple[str, str]
return splitext(posixpath.basename(self.path.rstrip('/')))
@property
def ext(self):
# type: () -> str
return self.splitext()[1]
@property
def url_without_fragment(self):
# type: () -> str
scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment = self._parsed_url
return urllib_parse.urlunsplit((scheme, netloc, path, query, None))
_egg_fragment_re = re.compile(r'[#&]egg=([^&]*)')
@property
def egg_fragment(self):
# type: () -> Optional[str]
match = self._egg_fragment_re.search(self._url)
if not match:
return None
return match.group(1)
_subdirectory_fragment_re = re.compile(r'[#&]subdirectory=([^&]*)')
@property
def subdirectory_fragment(self):
# type: () -> Optional[str]
match = self._subdirectory_fragment_re.search(self._url)
if not match:
return None
return match.group(1)
_hash_re = re.compile(
r'(sha1|sha224|sha384|sha256|sha512|md5)=([a-f0-9]+)'
)
@property
def hash(self):
# type: () -> Optional[str]
match = self._hash_re.search(self._url)
if match:
return match.group(2)
return None
@property
def hash_name(self):
# type: () -> Optional[str]
match = self._hash_re.search(self._url)
if match:
return match.group(1)
return None
@property
def show_url(self):
# type: () -> str
return posixpath.basename(self._url.split('#', 1)[0].split('?', 1)[0])
@property
def is_file(self):
# type: () -> bool
return self.scheme == 'file'
def is_existing_dir(self):
# type: () -> bool
return self.is_file and os.path.isdir(self.file_path)
@property
def is_wheel(self):
# type: () -> bool
return self.ext == WHEEL_EXTENSION
@property
def is_vcs(self):
# type: () -> bool
from pip._internal.vcs import vcs
return self.scheme in vcs.all_schemes
@property
def is_yanked(self):
# type: () -> bool
return self.yanked_reason is not None
@property
def has_hash(self):
# type: () -> bool
return self.hash_name is not None
def is_hash_allowed(self, hashes):
# type: (Optional[Hashes]) -> bool
"""
Return True if the link has a hash and it is allowed.
"""
if hashes is None or not self.has_hash:
return False
# Assert non-None so mypy knows self.hash_name and self.hash are str.
assert self.hash_name is not None
assert self.hash is not None
return hashes.is_hash_allowed(self.hash_name, hex_digest=self.hash)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/selection_prefs.py
|
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Optional
from pip._internal.models.format_control import FormatControl
class SelectionPreferences(object):
"""
Encapsulates the candidate selection preferences for downloading
and installing files.
"""
__slots__ = ['allow_yanked', 'allow_all_prereleases', 'format_control',
'prefer_binary', 'ignore_requires_python']
# Don't include an allow_yanked default value to make sure each call
# site considers whether yanked releases are allowed. This also causes
# that decision to be made explicit in the calling code, which helps
# people when reading the code.
def __init__(
self,
allow_yanked, # type: bool
allow_all_prereleases=False, # type: bool
format_control=None, # type: Optional[FormatControl]
prefer_binary=False, # type: bool
ignore_requires_python=None, # type: Optional[bool]
):
# type: (...) -> None
"""Create a SelectionPreferences object.
:param allow_yanked: Whether files marked as yanked (in the sense
of PEP 592) are permitted to be candidates for install.
:param format_control: A FormatControl object or None. Used to control
the selection of source packages / binary packages when consulting
the index and links.
:param prefer_binary: Whether to prefer an old, but valid, binary
dist over a new source dist.
:param ignore_requires_python: Whether to ignore incompatible
"Requires-Python" values in links. Defaults to False.
"""
if ignore_requires_python is None:
ignore_requires_python = False
self.allow_yanked = allow_yanked
self.allow_all_prereleases = allow_all_prereleases
self.format_control = format_control
self.prefer_binary = prefer_binary
self.ignore_requires_python = ignore_requires_python
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/direct_url.py
|
""" PEP 610 """
import json
import re
from pip._vendor import six
from pip._vendor.six.moves.urllib import parse as urllib_parse
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import (
Any, Dict, Iterable, Optional, Type, TypeVar, Union
)
T = TypeVar("T")
DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME = "direct_url.json"
ENV_VAR_RE = re.compile(r"^\$\{[A-Za-z0-9-_]+\}(:\$\{[A-Za-z0-9-_]+\})?$")
__all__ = [
"DirectUrl",
"DirectUrlValidationError",
"DirInfo",
"ArchiveInfo",
"VcsInfo",
]
class DirectUrlValidationError(Exception):
pass
def _get(d, expected_type, key, default=None):
# type: (Dict[str, Any], Type[T], str, Optional[T]) -> Optional[T]
"""Get value from dictionary and verify expected type."""
if key not in d:
return default
value = d[key]
if six.PY2 and expected_type is str:
expected_type = six.string_types # type: ignore
if not isinstance(value, expected_type):
raise DirectUrlValidationError(
"{!r} has unexpected type for {} (expected {})".format(
value, key, expected_type
)
)
return value
def _get_required(d, expected_type, key, default=None):
# type: (Dict[str, Any], Type[T], str, Optional[T]) -> T
value = _get(d, expected_type, key, default)
if value is None:
raise DirectUrlValidationError("{} must have a value".format(key))
return value
def _exactly_one_of(infos):
# type: (Iterable[Optional[InfoType]]) -> InfoType
infos = [info for info in infos if info is not None]
if not infos:
raise DirectUrlValidationError(
"missing one of archive_info, dir_info, vcs_info"
)
if len(infos) > 1:
raise DirectUrlValidationError(
"more than one of archive_info, dir_info, vcs_info"
)
assert infos[0] is not None
return infos[0]
def _filter_none(**kwargs):
# type: (Any) -> Dict[str, Any]
"""Make dict excluding None values."""
return {k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if v is not None}
class VcsInfo(object):
name = "vcs_info"
def __init__(
self,
vcs, # type: str
commit_id, # type: str
requested_revision=None, # type: Optional[str]
resolved_revision=None, # type: Optional[str]
resolved_revision_type=None, # type: Optional[str]
):
self.vcs = vcs
self.requested_revision = requested_revision
self.commit_id = commit_id
self.resolved_revision = resolved_revision
self.resolved_revision_type = resolved_revision_type
@classmethod
def _from_dict(cls, d):
# type: (Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) -> Optional[VcsInfo]
if d is None:
return None
return cls(
vcs=_get_required(d, str, "vcs"),
commit_id=_get_required(d, str, "commit_id"),
requested_revision=_get(d, str, "requested_revision"),
resolved_revision=_get(d, str, "resolved_revision"),
resolved_revision_type=_get(d, str, "resolved_revision_type"),
)
def _to_dict(self):
# type: () -> Dict[str, Any]
return _filter_none(
vcs=self.vcs,
requested_revision=self.requested_revision,
commit_id=self.commit_id,
resolved_revision=self.resolved_revision,
resolved_revision_type=self.resolved_revision_type,
)
class ArchiveInfo(object):
name = "archive_info"
def __init__(
self,
hash=None, # type: Optional[str]
):
self.hash = hash
@classmethod
def _from_dict(cls, d):
# type: (Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) -> Optional[ArchiveInfo]
if d is None:
return None
return cls(hash=_get(d, str, "hash"))
def _to_dict(self):
# type: () -> Dict[str, Any]
return _filter_none(hash=self.hash)
class DirInfo(object):
name = "dir_info"
def __init__(
self,
editable=False, # type: bool
):
self.editable = editable
@classmethod
def _from_dict(cls, d):
# type: (Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) -> Optional[DirInfo]
if d is None:
return None
return cls(
editable=_get_required(d, bool, "editable", default=False)
)
def _to_dict(self):
# type: () -> Dict[str, Any]
return _filter_none(editable=self.editable or None)
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
InfoType = Union[ArchiveInfo, DirInfo, VcsInfo]
class DirectUrl(object):
def __init__(
self,
url, # type: str
info, # type: InfoType
subdirectory=None, # type: Optional[str]
):
self.url = url
self.info = info
self.subdirectory = subdirectory
def _remove_auth_from_netloc(self, netloc):
# type: (str) -> str
if "@" not in netloc:
return netloc
user_pass, netloc_no_user_pass = netloc.split("@", 1)
if (
isinstance(self.info, VcsInfo) and
self.info.vcs == "git" and
user_pass == "git"
):
return netloc
if ENV_VAR_RE.match(user_pass):
return netloc
return netloc_no_user_pass
@property
def redacted_url(self):
# type: () -> str
"""url with user:password part removed unless it is formed with
environment variables as specified in PEP 610, or it is ``git``
in the case of a git URL.
"""
purl = urllib_parse.urlsplit(self.url)
netloc = self._remove_auth_from_netloc(purl.netloc)
surl = urllib_parse.urlunsplit(
(purl.scheme, netloc, purl.path, purl.query, purl.fragment)
)
return surl
def validate(self):
# type: () -> None
self.from_dict(self.to_dict())
@classmethod
def from_dict(cls, d):
# type: (Dict[str, Any]) -> DirectUrl
return DirectUrl(
url=_get_required(d, str, "url"),
subdirectory=_get(d, str, "subdirectory"),
info=_exactly_one_of(
[
ArchiveInfo._from_dict(_get(d, dict, "archive_info")),
DirInfo._from_dict(_get(d, dict, "dir_info")),
VcsInfo._from_dict(_get(d, dict, "vcs_info")),
]
),
)
def to_dict(self):
# type: () -> Dict[str, Any]
res = _filter_none(
url=self.redacted_url,
subdirectory=self.subdirectory,
)
res[self.info.name] = self.info._to_dict()
return res
@classmethod
def from_json(cls, s):
# type: (str) -> DirectUrl
return cls.from_dict(json.loads(s))
def to_json(self):
# type: () -> str
return json.dumps(self.to_dict(), sort_keys=True)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/index.py
|
from pip._vendor.six.moves.urllib import parse as urllib_parse
class PackageIndex(object):
"""Represents a Package Index and provides easier access to endpoints
"""
__slots__ = ['url', 'netloc', 'simple_url', 'pypi_url',
'file_storage_domain']
def __init__(self, url, file_storage_domain):
# type: (str, str) -> None
super(PackageIndex, self).__init__()
self.url = url
self.netloc = urllib_parse.urlsplit(url).netloc
self.simple_url = self._url_for_path('simple')
self.pypi_url = self._url_for_path('pypi')
# This is part of a temporary hack used to block installs of PyPI
# packages which depend on external urls only necessary until PyPI can
# block such packages themselves
self.file_storage_domain = file_storage_domain
def _url_for_path(self, path):
# type: (str) -> str
return urllib_parse.urljoin(self.url, path)
PyPI = PackageIndex(
'https://pypi.org/', file_storage_domain='files.pythonhosted.org'
)
TestPyPI = PackageIndex(
'https://test.pypi.org/', file_storage_domain='test-files.pythonhosted.org'
)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/target_python.py
|
import sys
from pip._internal.utils.compatibility_tags import (
get_supported,
version_info_to_nodot,
)
from pip._internal.utils.misc import normalize_version_info
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
from pip._vendor.packaging.tags import Tag
class TargetPython(object):
"""
Encapsulates the properties of a Python interpreter one is targeting
for a package install, download, etc.
"""
__slots__ = [
"_given_py_version_info",
"abi",
"implementation",
"platform",
"py_version",
"py_version_info",
"_valid_tags",
]
def __init__(
self,
platform=None, # type: Optional[str]
py_version_info=None, # type: Optional[Tuple[int, ...]]
abi=None, # type: Optional[str]
implementation=None, # type: Optional[str]
):
# type: (...) -> None
"""
:param platform: A string or None. If None, searches for packages
that are supported by the current system. Otherwise, will find
packages that can be built on the platform passed in. These
packages will only be downloaded for distribution: they will
not be built locally.
:param py_version_info: An optional tuple of ints representing the
Python version information to use (e.g. `sys.version_info[:3]`).
This can have length 1, 2, or 3 when provided.
:param abi: A string or None. This is passed to compatibility_tags.py's
get_supported() function as is.
:param implementation: A string or None. This is passed to
compatibility_tags.py's get_supported() function as is.
"""
# Store the given py_version_info for when we call get_supported().
self._given_py_version_info = py_version_info
if py_version_info is None:
py_version_info = sys.version_info[:3]
else:
py_version_info = normalize_version_info(py_version_info)
py_version = '.'.join(map(str, py_version_info[:2]))
self.abi = abi
self.implementation = implementation
self.platform = platform
self.py_version = py_version
self.py_version_info = py_version_info
# This is used to cache the return value of get_tags().
self._valid_tags = None # type: Optional[List[Tag]]
def format_given(self):
# type: () -> str
"""
Format the given, non-None attributes for display.
"""
display_version = None
if self._given_py_version_info is not None:
display_version = '.'.join(
str(part) for part in self._given_py_version_info
)
key_values = [
('platform', self.platform),
('version_info', display_version),
('abi', self.abi),
('implementation', self.implementation),
]
return ' '.join(
'{}={!r}'.format(key, value) for key, value in key_values
if value is not None
)
def get_tags(self):
# type: () -> List[Tag]
"""
Return the supported PEP 425 tags to check wheel candidates against.
The tags are returned in order of preference (most preferred first).
"""
if self._valid_tags is None:
# Pass versions=None if no py_version_info was given since
# versions=None uses special default logic.
py_version_info = self._given_py_version_info
if py_version_info is None:
version = None
else:
version = version_info_to_nodot(py_version_info)
tags = get_supported(
version=version,
platform=self.platform,
abi=self.abi,
impl=self.implementation,
)
self._valid_tags = tags
return self._valid_tags
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/__init__.py
|
"""A package that contains models that represent entities.
"""
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/search_scope.py
|
import itertools
import logging
import os
import posixpath
from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
from pip._vendor.six.moves.urllib import parse as urllib_parse
from pip._internal.models.index import PyPI
from pip._internal.utils.compat import has_tls
from pip._internal.utils.misc import normalize_path, redact_auth_from_url
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import List
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class SearchScope(object):
"""
Encapsulates the locations that pip is configured to search.
"""
__slots__ = ["find_links", "index_urls"]
@classmethod
def create(
cls,
find_links, # type: List[str]
index_urls, # type: List[str]
):
# type: (...) -> SearchScope
"""
Create a SearchScope object after normalizing the `find_links`.
"""
# Build find_links. If an argument starts with ~, it may be
# a local file relative to a home directory. So try normalizing
# it and if it exists, use the normalized version.
# This is deliberately conservative - it might be fine just to
# blindly normalize anything starting with a ~...
built_find_links = [] # type: List[str]
for link in find_links:
if link.startswith('~'):
new_link = normalize_path(link)
if os.path.exists(new_link):
link = new_link
built_find_links.append(link)
# If we don't have TLS enabled, then WARN if anyplace we're looking
# relies on TLS.
if not has_tls():
for link in itertools.chain(index_urls, built_find_links):
parsed = urllib_parse.urlparse(link)
if parsed.scheme == 'https':
logger.warning(
'pip is configured with locations that require '
'TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not '
'available.'
)
break
return cls(
find_links=built_find_links,
index_urls=index_urls,
)
def __init__(
self,
find_links, # type: List[str]
index_urls, # type: List[str]
):
# type: (...) -> None
self.find_links = find_links
self.index_urls = index_urls
def get_formatted_locations(self):
# type: () -> str
lines = []
redacted_index_urls = []
if self.index_urls and self.index_urls != [PyPI.simple_url]:
for url in self.index_urls:
redacted_index_url = redact_auth_from_url(url)
# Parse the URL
purl = urllib_parse.urlsplit(redacted_index_url)
# URL is generally invalid if scheme and netloc is missing
# there are issues with Python and URL parsing, so this test
# is a bit crude. See bpo-20271, bpo-23505. Python doesn't
# always parse invalid URLs correctly - it should raise
# exceptions for malformed URLs
if not purl.scheme and not purl.netloc:
logger.warning(
'The index url "%s" seems invalid, '
'please provide a scheme.', redacted_index_url)
redacted_index_urls.append(redacted_index_url)
lines.append('Looking in indexes: {}'.format(
', '.join(redacted_index_urls)))
if self.find_links:
lines.append(
'Looking in links: {}'.format(', '.join(
redact_auth_from_url(url) for url in self.find_links))
)
return '\n'.join(lines)
def get_index_urls_locations(self, project_name):
# type: (str) -> List[str]
"""Returns the locations found via self.index_urls
Checks the url_name on the main (first in the list) index and
use this url_name to produce all locations
"""
def mkurl_pypi_url(url):
# type: (str) -> str
loc = posixpath.join(
url,
urllib_parse.quote(canonicalize_name(project_name)))
# For maximum compatibility with easy_install, ensure the path
# ends in a trailing slash. Although this isn't in the spec
# (and PyPI can handle it without the slash) some other index
# implementations might break if they relied on easy_install's
# behavior.
if not loc.endswith('/'):
loc = loc + '/'
return loc
return [mkurl_pypi_url(url) for url in self.index_urls]
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/candidate.py
|
from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse as parse_version
from pip._internal.utils.models import KeyBasedCompareMixin
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from pip._vendor.packaging.version import _BaseVersion
from pip._internal.models.link import Link
class InstallationCandidate(KeyBasedCompareMixin):
"""Represents a potential "candidate" for installation.
"""
__slots__ = ["name", "version", "link"]
def __init__(self, name, version, link):
# type: (str, str, Link) -> None
self.name = name
self.version = parse_version(version) # type: _BaseVersion
self.link = link
super(InstallationCandidate, self).__init__(
key=(self.name, self.version, self.link),
defining_class=InstallationCandidate
)
def __repr__(self):
# type: () -> str
return "<InstallationCandidate({!r}, {!r}, {!r})>".format(
self.name, self.version, self.link,
)
def __str__(self):
# type: () -> str
return '{!r} candidate (version {} at {})'.format(
self.name, self.version, self.link,
)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/format_control.py
|
from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Optional, Set, FrozenSet
class FormatControl(object):
"""Helper for managing formats from which a package can be installed.
"""
__slots__ = ["no_binary", "only_binary"]
def __init__(self, no_binary=None, only_binary=None):
# type: (Optional[Set[str]], Optional[Set[str]]) -> None
if no_binary is None:
no_binary = set()
if only_binary is None:
only_binary = set()
self.no_binary = no_binary
self.only_binary = only_binary
def __eq__(self, other):
# type: (object) -> bool
if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
return NotImplemented
if self.__slots__ != other.__slots__:
return False
return all(
getattr(self, k) == getattr(other, k)
for k in self.__slots__
)
def __ne__(self, other):
# type: (object) -> bool
return not self.__eq__(other)
def __repr__(self):
# type: () -> str
return "{}({}, {})".format(
self.__class__.__name__,
self.no_binary,
self.only_binary
)
@staticmethod
def handle_mutual_excludes(value, target, other):
# type: (str, Set[str], Set[str]) -> None
if value.startswith('-'):
raise CommandError(
"--no-binary / --only-binary option requires 1 argument."
)
new = value.split(',')
while ':all:' in new:
other.clear()
target.clear()
target.add(':all:')
del new[:new.index(':all:') + 1]
# Without a none, we want to discard everything as :all: covers it
if ':none:' not in new:
return
for name in new:
if name == ':none:':
target.clear()
continue
name = canonicalize_name(name)
other.discard(name)
target.add(name)
def get_allowed_formats(self, canonical_name):
# type: (str) -> FrozenSet[str]
result = {"binary", "source"}
if canonical_name in self.only_binary:
result.discard('source')
elif canonical_name in self.no_binary:
result.discard('binary')
elif ':all:' in self.only_binary:
result.discard('source')
elif ':all:' in self.no_binary:
result.discard('binary')
return frozenset(result)
def disallow_binaries(self):
# type: () -> None
self.handle_mutual_excludes(
':all:', self.no_binary, self.only_binary,
)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/scheme.py
|
"""
For types associated with installation schemes.
For a general overview of available schemes and their context, see
https://docs.python.org/3/install/index.html#alternate-installation.
"""
SCHEME_KEYS = ['platlib', 'purelib', 'headers', 'scripts', 'data']
class Scheme(object):
"""A Scheme holds paths which are used as the base directories for
artifacts associated with a Python package.
"""
__slots__ = SCHEME_KEYS
def __init__(
self,
platlib, # type: str
purelib, # type: str
headers, # type: str
scripts, # type: str
data, # type: str
):
self.platlib = platlib
self.purelib = purelib
self.headers = headers
self.scripts = scripts
self.data = data
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/wheel.py
|
"""Represents a wheel file and provides access to the various parts of the
name that have meaning.
"""
import re
from pip._vendor.packaging.tags import Tag
from pip._internal.exceptions import InvalidWheelFilename
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import List
class Wheel(object):
"""A wheel file"""
wheel_file_re = re.compile(
r"""^(?P<namever>(?P<name>.+?)-(?P<ver>.*?))
((-(?P<build>\d[^-]*?))?-(?P<pyver>.+?)-(?P<abi>.+?)-(?P<plat>.+?)
\.whl|\.dist-info)$""",
re.VERBOSE
)
def __init__(self, filename):
# type: (str) -> None
"""
:raises InvalidWheelFilename: when the filename is invalid for a wheel
"""
wheel_info = self.wheel_file_re.match(filename)
if not wheel_info:
raise InvalidWheelFilename(
"{} is not a valid wheel filename.".format(filename)
)
self.filename = filename
self.name = wheel_info.group('name').replace('_', '-')
# we'll assume "_" means "-" due to wheel naming scheme
# (https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/1150)
self.version = wheel_info.group('ver').replace('_', '-')
self.build_tag = wheel_info.group('build')
self.pyversions = wheel_info.group('pyver').split('.')
self.abis = wheel_info.group('abi').split('.')
self.plats = wheel_info.group('plat').split('.')
# All the tag combinations from this file
self.file_tags = {
Tag(x, y, z) for x in self.pyversions
for y in self.abis for z in self.plats
}
def get_formatted_file_tags(self):
# type: () -> List[str]
"""Return the wheel's tags as a sorted list of strings."""
return sorted(str(tag) for tag in self.file_tags)
def support_index_min(self, tags):
# type: (List[Tag]) -> int
"""Return the lowest index that one of the wheel's file_tag combinations
achieves in the given list of supported tags.
For example, if there are 8 supported tags and one of the file tags
is first in the list, then return 0.
:param tags: the PEP 425 tags to check the wheel against, in order
with most preferred first.
:raises ValueError: If none of the wheel's file tags match one of
the supported tags.
"""
return min(tags.index(tag) for tag in self.file_tags if tag in tags)
def supported(self, tags):
# type: (List[Tag]) -> bool
"""Return whether the wheel is compatible with one of the given tags.
:param tags: the PEP 425 tags to check the wheel against.
"""
return not self.file_tags.isdisjoint(tags)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/cmdoptions.py
|
"""
shared options and groups
The principle here is to define options once, but *not* instantiate them
globally. One reason being that options with action='append' can carry state
between parses. pip parses general options twice internally, and shouldn't
pass on state. To be consistent, all options will follow this design.
"""
# The following comment should be removed at some point in the future.
# mypy: strict-optional=False
from __future__ import absolute_import
import os
import textwrap
import warnings
from distutils.util import strtobool
from functools import partial
from optparse import SUPPRESS_HELP, Option, OptionGroup
from textwrap import dedent
from pip._internal.cli.progress_bars import BAR_TYPES
from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError
from pip._internal.locations import USER_CACHE_DIR, get_src_prefix
from pip._internal.models.format_control import FormatControl
from pip._internal.models.index import PyPI
from pip._internal.models.target_python import TargetPython
from pip._internal.utils.hashes import STRONG_HASHES
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Optional, Tuple
from optparse import OptionParser, Values
from pip._internal.cli.parser import ConfigOptionParser
def raise_option_error(parser, option, msg):
# type: (OptionParser, Option, str) -> None
"""
Raise an option parsing error using parser.error().
Args:
parser: an OptionParser instance.
option: an Option instance.
msg: the error text.
"""
msg = '{} error: {}'.format(option, msg)
msg = textwrap.fill(' '.join(msg.split()))
parser.error(msg)
def make_option_group(group, parser):
# type: (Dict[str, Any], ConfigOptionParser) -> OptionGroup
"""
Return an OptionGroup object
group -- assumed to be dict with 'name' and 'options' keys
parser -- an optparse Parser
"""
option_group = OptionGroup(parser, group['name'])
for option in group['options']:
option_group.add_option(option())
return option_group
def check_install_build_global(options, check_options=None):
# type: (Values, Optional[Values]) -> None
"""Disable wheels if per-setup.py call options are set.
:param options: The OptionParser options to update.
:param check_options: The options to check, if not supplied defaults to
options.
"""
if check_options is None:
check_options = options
def getname(n):
# type: (str) -> Optional[Any]
return getattr(check_options, n, None)
names = ["build_options", "global_options", "install_options"]
if any(map(getname, names)):
control = options.format_control
control.disallow_binaries()
warnings.warn(
'Disabling all use of wheels due to the use of --build-option '
'/ --global-option / --install-option.', stacklevel=2,
)
def check_dist_restriction(options, check_target=False):
# type: (Values, bool) -> None
"""Function for determining if custom platform options are allowed.
:param options: The OptionParser options.
:param check_target: Whether or not to check if --target is being used.
"""
dist_restriction_set = any([
options.python_version,
options.platform,
options.abi,
options.implementation,
])
binary_only = FormatControl(set(), {':all:'})
sdist_dependencies_allowed = (
options.format_control != binary_only and
not options.ignore_dependencies
)
# Installations or downloads using dist restrictions must not combine
# source distributions and dist-specific wheels, as they are not
# guaranteed to be locally compatible.
if dist_restriction_set and sdist_dependencies_allowed:
raise CommandError(
"When restricting platform and interpreter constraints using "
"--python-version, --platform, --abi, or --implementation, "
"either --no-deps must be set, or --only-binary=:all: must be "
"set and --no-binary must not be set (or must be set to "
":none:)."
)
if check_target:
if dist_restriction_set and not options.target_dir:
raise CommandError(
"Can not use any platform or abi specific options unless "
"installing via '--target'"
)
def _path_option_check(option, opt, value):
# type: (Option, str, str) -> str
return os.path.expanduser(value)
class PipOption(Option):
TYPES = Option.TYPES + ("path",)
TYPE_CHECKER = Option.TYPE_CHECKER.copy()
TYPE_CHECKER["path"] = _path_option_check
###########
# options #
###########
help_ = partial(
Option,
'-h', '--help',
dest='help',
action='help',
help='Show help.',
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
isolated_mode = partial(
Option,
"--isolated",
dest="isolated_mode",
action="store_true",
default=False,
help=(
"Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user "
"configuration."
),
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
require_virtualenv = partial(
Option,
# Run only if inside a virtualenv, bail if not.
'--require-virtualenv', '--require-venv',
dest='require_venv',
action='store_true',
default=False,
help=SUPPRESS_HELP
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
verbose = partial(
Option,
'-v', '--verbose',
dest='verbose',
action='count',
default=0,
help='Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.'
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
no_color = partial(
Option,
'--no-color',
dest='no_color',
action='store_true',
default=False,
help="Suppress colored output",
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
version = partial(
Option,
'-V', '--version',
dest='version',
action='store_true',
help='Show version and exit.',
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
quiet = partial(
Option,
'-q', '--quiet',
dest='quiet',
action='count',
default=0,
help=(
'Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3'
' times (corresponding to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging'
' levels).'
),
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
progress_bar = partial(
Option,
'--progress-bar',
dest='progress_bar',
type='choice',
choices=list(BAR_TYPES.keys()),
default='on',
help=(
'Specify type of progress to be displayed [' +
'|'.join(BAR_TYPES.keys()) + '] (default: %default)'
),
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
log = partial(
PipOption,
"--log", "--log-file", "--local-log",
dest="log",
metavar="path",
type="path",
help="Path to a verbose appending log."
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
no_input = partial(
Option,
# Don't ask for input
'--no-input',
dest='no_input',
action='store_true',
default=False,
help="Disable prompting for input."
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
proxy = partial(
Option,
'--proxy',
dest='proxy',
type='str',
default='',
help="Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port."
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
retries = partial(
Option,
'--retries',
dest='retries',
type='int',
default=5,
help="Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt "
"(default %default times).",
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
timeout = partial(
Option,
'--timeout', '--default-timeout',
metavar='sec',
dest='timeout',
type='float',
default=15,
help='Set the socket timeout (default %default seconds).',
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
def exists_action():
# type: () -> Option
return Option(
# Option when path already exist
'--exists-action',
dest='exists_action',
type='choice',
choices=['s', 'i', 'w', 'b', 'a'],
default=[],
action='append',
metavar='action',
help="Default action when a path already exists: "
"(s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort.",
)
cert = partial(
PipOption,
'--cert',
dest='cert',
type='path',
metavar='path',
help="Path to alternate CA bundle.",
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
client_cert = partial(
PipOption,
'--client-cert',
dest='client_cert',
type='path',
default=None,
metavar='path',
help="Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the "
"private key and the certificate in PEM format.",
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
index_url = partial(
Option,
'-i', '--index-url', '--pypi-url',
dest='index_url',
metavar='URL',
default=PyPI.simple_url,
help="Base URL of the Python Package Index (default %default). "
"This should point to a repository compliant with PEP 503 "
"(the simple repository API) or a local directory laid out "
"in the same format.",
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
def extra_index_url():
# type: () -> Option
return Option(
'--extra-index-url',
dest='extra_index_urls',
metavar='URL',
action='append',
default=[],
help="Extra URLs of package indexes to use in addition to "
"--index-url. Should follow the same rules as "
"--index-url.",
)
no_index = partial(
Option,
'--no-index',
dest='no_index',
action='store_true',
default=False,
help='Ignore package index (only looking at --find-links URLs instead).',
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
def find_links():
# type: () -> Option
return Option(
'-f', '--find-links',
dest='find_links',
action='append',
default=[],
metavar='url',
help="If a URL or path to an html file, then parse for links to "
"archives such as sdist (.tar.gz) or wheel (.whl) files. "
"If a local path or file:// URL that's a directory, "
"then look for archives in the directory listing. "
"Links to VCS project URLs are not supported.",
)
def trusted_host():
# type: () -> Option
return Option(
"--trusted-host",
dest="trusted_hosts",
action="append",
metavar="HOSTNAME",
default=[],
help="Mark this host or host:port pair as trusted, even though it "
"does not have valid or any HTTPS.",
)
def constraints():
# type: () -> Option
return Option(
'-c', '--constraint',
dest='constraints',
action='append',
default=[],
metavar='file',
help='Constrain versions using the given constraints file. '
'This option can be used multiple times.'
)
def requirements():
# type: () -> Option
return Option(
'-r', '--requirement',
dest='requirements',
action='append',
default=[],
metavar='file',
help='Install from the given requirements file. '
'This option can be used multiple times.'
)
def editable():
# type: () -> Option
return Option(
'-e', '--editable',
dest='editables',
action='append',
default=[],
metavar='path/url',
help=('Install a project in editable mode (i.e. setuptools '
'"develop mode") from a local project path or a VCS url.'),
)
def _handle_src(option, opt_str, value, parser):
# type: (Option, str, str, OptionParser) -> None
value = os.path.abspath(value)
setattr(parser.values, option.dest, value)
src = partial(
PipOption,
'--src', '--source', '--source-dir', '--source-directory',
dest='src_dir',
type='path',
metavar='dir',
default=get_src_prefix(),
action='callback',
callback=_handle_src,
help='Directory to check out editable projects into. '
'The default in a virtualenv is "<venv path>/src". '
'The default for global installs is "<current dir>/src".'
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
def _get_format_control(values, option):
# type: (Values, Option) -> Any
"""Get a format_control object."""
return getattr(values, option.dest)
def _handle_no_binary(option, opt_str, value, parser):
# type: (Option, str, str, OptionParser) -> None
existing = _get_format_control(parser.values, option)
FormatControl.handle_mutual_excludes(
value, existing.no_binary, existing.only_binary,
)
def _handle_only_binary(option, opt_str, value, parser):
# type: (Option, str, str, OptionParser) -> None
existing = _get_format_control(parser.values, option)
FormatControl.handle_mutual_excludes(
value, existing.only_binary, existing.no_binary,
)
def no_binary():
# type: () -> Option
format_control = FormatControl(set(), set())
return Option(
"--no-binary", dest="format_control", action="callback",
callback=_handle_no_binary, type="str",
default=format_control,
help='Do not use binary packages. Can be supplied multiple times, and '
'each time adds to the existing value. Accepts either ":all:" to '
'disable all binary packages, ":none:" to empty the set (notice '
'the colons), or one or more package names with commas between '
'them (no colons). Note that some packages are tricky to compile '
'and may fail to install when this option is used on them.',
)
def only_binary():
# type: () -> Option
format_control = FormatControl(set(), set())
return Option(
"--only-binary", dest="format_control", action="callback",
callback=_handle_only_binary, type="str",
default=format_control,
help='Do not use source packages. Can be supplied multiple times, and '
'each time adds to the existing value. Accepts either ":all:" to '
'disable all source packages, ":none:" to empty the set, or one '
'or more package names with commas between them. Packages '
'without binary distributions will fail to install when this '
'option is used on them.',
)
platform = partial(
Option,
'--platform',
dest='platform',
metavar='platform',
default=None,
help=("Only use wheels compatible with <platform>. "
"Defaults to the platform of the running system."),
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
# This was made a separate function for unit-testing purposes.
def _convert_python_version(value):
# type: (str) -> Tuple[Tuple[int, ...], Optional[str]]
"""
Convert a version string like "3", "37", or "3.7.3" into a tuple of ints.
:return: A 2-tuple (version_info, error_msg), where `error_msg` is
non-None if and only if there was a parsing error.
"""
if not value:
# The empty string is the same as not providing a value.
return (None, None)
parts = value.split('.')
if len(parts) > 3:
return ((), 'at most three version parts are allowed')
if len(parts) == 1:
# Then we are in the case of "3" or "37".
value = parts[0]
if len(value) > 1:
parts = [value[0], value[1:]]
try:
version_info = tuple(int(part) for part in parts)
except ValueError:
return ((), 'each version part must be an integer')
return (version_info, None)
def _handle_python_version(option, opt_str, value, parser):
# type: (Option, str, str, OptionParser) -> None
"""
Handle a provided --python-version value.
"""
version_info, error_msg = _convert_python_version(value)
if error_msg is not None:
msg = (
'invalid --python-version value: {!r}: {}'.format(
value, error_msg,
)
)
raise_option_error(parser, option=option, msg=msg)
parser.values.python_version = version_info
python_version = partial(
Option,
'--python-version',
dest='python_version',
metavar='python_version',
action='callback',
callback=_handle_python_version, type='str',
default=None,
help=dedent("""\
The Python interpreter version to use for wheel and "Requires-Python"
compatibility checks. Defaults to a version derived from the running
interpreter. The version can be specified using up to three dot-separated
integers (e.g. "3" for 3.0.0, "3.7" for 3.7.0, or "3.7.3"). A major-minor
version can also be given as a string without dots (e.g. "37" for 3.7.0).
"""),
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
implementation = partial(
Option,
'--implementation',
dest='implementation',
metavar='implementation',
default=None,
help=("Only use wheels compatible with Python "
"implementation <implementation>, e.g. 'pp', 'jy', 'cp', "
" or 'ip'. If not specified, then the current "
"interpreter implementation is used. Use 'py' to force "
"implementation-agnostic wheels."),
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
abi = partial(
Option,
'--abi',
dest='abi',
metavar='abi',
default=None,
help=("Only use wheels compatible with Python "
"abi <abi>, e.g. 'pypy_41'. If not specified, then the "
"current interpreter abi tag is used. Generally "
"you will need to specify --implementation, "
"--platform, and --python-version when using "
"this option."),
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
def add_target_python_options(cmd_opts):
# type: (OptionGroup) -> None
cmd_opts.add_option(platform())
cmd_opts.add_option(python_version())
cmd_opts.add_option(implementation())
cmd_opts.add_option(abi())
def make_target_python(options):
# type: (Values) -> TargetPython
target_python = TargetPython(
platform=options.platform,
py_version_info=options.python_version,
abi=options.abi,
implementation=options.implementation,
)
return target_python
def prefer_binary():
# type: () -> Option
return Option(
"--prefer-binary",
dest="prefer_binary",
action="store_true",
default=False,
help="Prefer older binary packages over newer source packages."
)
cache_dir = partial(
PipOption,
"--cache-dir",
dest="cache_dir",
default=USER_CACHE_DIR,
metavar="dir",
type='path',
help="Store the cache data in <dir>."
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
def _handle_no_cache_dir(option, opt, value, parser):
# type: (Option, str, str, OptionParser) -> None
"""
Process a value provided for the --no-cache-dir option.
This is an optparse.Option callback for the --no-cache-dir option.
"""
# The value argument will be None if --no-cache-dir is passed via the
# command-line, since the option doesn't accept arguments. However,
# the value can be non-None if the option is triggered e.g. by an
# environment variable, like PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=true.
if value is not None:
# Then parse the string value to get argument error-checking.
try:
strtobool(value)
except ValueError as exc:
raise_option_error(parser, option=option, msg=str(exc))
# Originally, setting PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR to a value that strtobool()
# converted to 0 (like "false" or "no") caused cache_dir to be disabled
# rather than enabled (logic would say the latter). Thus, we disable
# the cache directory not just on values that parse to True, but (for
# backwards compatibility reasons) also on values that parse to False.
# In other words, always set it to False if the option is provided in
# some (valid) form.
parser.values.cache_dir = False
no_cache = partial(
Option,
"--no-cache-dir",
dest="cache_dir",
action="callback",
callback=_handle_no_cache_dir,
help="Disable the cache.",
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
no_deps = partial(
Option,
'--no-deps', '--no-dependencies',
dest='ignore_dependencies',
action='store_true',
default=False,
help="Don't install package dependencies.",
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
def _handle_build_dir(option, opt, value, parser):
# type: (Option, str, str, OptionParser) -> None
if value:
value = os.path.abspath(value)
setattr(parser.values, option.dest, value)
build_dir = partial(
PipOption,
'-b', '--build', '--build-dir', '--build-directory',
dest='build_dir',
type='path',
metavar='dir',
action='callback',
callback=_handle_build_dir,
help='(DEPRECATED) '
'Directory to unpack packages into and build in. Note that '
'an initial build still takes place in a temporary directory. '
'The location of temporary directories can be controlled by setting '
'the TMPDIR environment variable (TEMP on Windows) appropriately. '
'When passed, build directories are not cleaned in case of failures.'
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
ignore_requires_python = partial(
Option,
'--ignore-requires-python',
dest='ignore_requires_python',
action='store_true',
help='Ignore the Requires-Python information.'
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
no_build_isolation = partial(
Option,
'--no-build-isolation',
dest='build_isolation',
action='store_false',
default=True,
help='Disable isolation when building a modern source distribution. '
'Build dependencies specified by PEP 518 must be already installed '
'if this option is used.'
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
def _handle_no_use_pep517(option, opt, value, parser):
# type: (Option, str, str, OptionParser) -> None
"""
Process a value provided for the --no-use-pep517 option.
This is an optparse.Option callback for the no_use_pep517 option.
"""
# Since --no-use-pep517 doesn't accept arguments, the value argument
# will be None if --no-use-pep517 is passed via the command-line.
# However, the value can be non-None if the option is triggered e.g.
# by an environment variable, for example "PIP_NO_USE_PEP517=true".
if value is not None:
msg = """A value was passed for --no-use-pep517,
probably using either the PIP_NO_USE_PEP517 environment variable
or the "no-use-pep517" config file option. Use an appropriate value
of the PIP_USE_PEP517 environment variable or the "use-pep517"
config file option instead.
"""
raise_option_error(parser, option=option, msg=msg)
# Otherwise, --no-use-pep517 was passed via the command-line.
parser.values.use_pep517 = False
use_pep517 = partial(
Option,
'--use-pep517',
dest='use_pep517',
action='store_true',
default=None,
help='Use PEP 517 for building source distributions '
'(use --no-use-pep517 to force legacy behaviour).'
) # type: Any
no_use_pep517 = partial(
Option,
'--no-use-pep517',
dest='use_pep517',
action='callback',
callback=_handle_no_use_pep517,
default=None,
help=SUPPRESS_HELP
) # type: Any
install_options = partial(
Option,
'--install-option',
dest='install_options',
action='append',
metavar='options',
help="Extra arguments to be supplied to the setup.py install "
"command (use like --install-option=\"--install-scripts=/usr/local/"
"bin\"). Use multiple --install-option options to pass multiple "
"options to setup.py install. If you are using an option with a "
"directory path, be sure to use absolute path.",
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
global_options = partial(
Option,
'--global-option',
dest='global_options',
action='append',
metavar='options',
help="Extra global options to be supplied to the setup.py "
"call before the install command.",
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
no_clean = partial(
Option,
'--no-clean',
action='store_true',
default=False,
help="Don't clean up build directories."
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
pre = partial(
Option,
'--pre',
action='store_true',
default=False,
help="Include pre-release and development versions. By default, "
"pip only finds stable versions.",
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
disable_pip_version_check = partial(
Option,
"--disable-pip-version-check",
dest="disable_pip_version_check",
action="store_true",
default=False,
help="Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version "
"of pip is available for download. Implied with --no-index.",
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
def _handle_merge_hash(option, opt_str, value, parser):
# type: (Option, str, str, OptionParser) -> None
"""Given a value spelled "algo:digest", append the digest to a list
pointed to in a dict by the algo name."""
if not parser.values.hashes:
parser.values.hashes = {}
try:
algo, digest = value.split(':', 1)
except ValueError:
parser.error('Arguments to {} must be a hash name ' # noqa
'followed by a value, like --hash=sha256:'
'abcde...'.format(opt_str))
if algo not in STRONG_HASHES:
parser.error('Allowed hash algorithms for {} are {}.'.format( # noqa
opt_str, ', '.join(STRONG_HASHES)))
parser.values.hashes.setdefault(algo, []).append(digest)
hash = partial(
Option,
'--hash',
# Hash values eventually end up in InstallRequirement.hashes due to
# __dict__ copying in process_line().
dest='hashes',
action='callback',
callback=_handle_merge_hash,
type='string',
help="Verify that the package's archive matches this "
'hash before installing. Example: --hash=sha256:abcdef...',
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
require_hashes = partial(
Option,
'--require-hashes',
dest='require_hashes',
action='store_true',
default=False,
help='Require a hash to check each requirement against, for '
'repeatable installs. This option is implied when any package in a '
'requirements file has a --hash option.',
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
list_path = partial(
PipOption,
'--path',
dest='path',
type='path',
action='append',
help='Restrict to the specified installation path for listing '
'packages (can be used multiple times).'
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
def check_list_path_option(options):
# type: (Values) -> None
if options.path and (options.user or options.local):
raise CommandError(
"Cannot combine '--path' with '--user' or '--local'"
)
no_python_version_warning = partial(
Option,
'--no-python-version-warning',
dest='no_python_version_warning',
action='store_true',
default=False,
help='Silence deprecation warnings for upcoming unsupported Pythons.',
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
unstable_feature = partial(
Option,
'--unstable-feature',
dest='unstable_features',
metavar='feature',
action='append',
default=[],
choices=['resolver'],
help=SUPPRESS_HELP, # TODO: drop this in pip 20.3
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
use_new_feature = partial(
Option,
'--use-feature',
dest='features_enabled',
metavar='feature',
action='append',
default=[],
choices=['2020-resolver', 'fast-deps'],
help='Enable new functionality, that may be backward incompatible.',
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
use_deprecated_feature = partial(
Option,
'--use-deprecated',
dest='deprecated_features_enabled',
metavar='feature',
action='append',
default=[],
choices=[],
help=(
'Enable deprecated functionality, that will be removed in the future.'
),
) # type: Callable[..., Option]
##########
# groups #
##########
general_group = {
'name': 'General Options',
'options': [
help_,
isolated_mode,
require_virtualenv,
verbose,
version,
quiet,
log,
no_input,
proxy,
retries,
timeout,
exists_action,
trusted_host,
cert,
client_cert,
cache_dir,
no_cache,
disable_pip_version_check,
no_color,
no_python_version_warning,
unstable_feature,
use_new_feature,
use_deprecated_feature,
]
} # type: Dict[str, Any]
index_group = {
'name': 'Package Index Options',
'options': [
index_url,
extra_index_url,
no_index,
find_links,
]
} # type: Dict[str, Any]
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/__init__.py
|
"""Subpackage containing all of pip's command line interface related code
"""
# This file intentionally does not import submodules
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/status_codes.py
|
from __future__ import absolute_import
SUCCESS = 0
ERROR = 1
UNKNOWN_ERROR = 2
VIRTUALENV_NOT_FOUND = 3
PREVIOUS_BUILD_DIR_ERROR = 4
NO_MATCHES_FOUND = 23
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/parser.py
|
"""Base option parser setup"""
# The following comment should be removed at some point in the future.
# mypy: disallow-untyped-defs=False
from __future__ import absolute_import
import logging
import optparse
import sys
import textwrap
from distutils.util import strtobool
from pip._vendor.six import string_types
from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import UNKNOWN_ERROR
from pip._internal.configuration import Configuration, ConfigurationError
from pip._internal.utils.compat import get_terminal_size
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class PrettyHelpFormatter(optparse.IndentedHelpFormatter):
"""A prettier/less verbose help formatter for optparse."""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
# help position must be aligned with __init__.parseopts.description
kwargs['max_help_position'] = 30
kwargs['indent_increment'] = 1
kwargs['width'] = get_terminal_size()[0] - 2
optparse.IndentedHelpFormatter.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
def format_option_strings(self, option):
return self._format_option_strings(option)
def _format_option_strings(self, option, mvarfmt=' <{}>', optsep=', '):
"""
Return a comma-separated list of option strings and metavars.
:param option: tuple of (short opt, long opt), e.g: ('-f', '--format')
:param mvarfmt: metavar format string
:param optsep: separator
"""
opts = []
if option._short_opts:
opts.append(option._short_opts[0])
if option._long_opts:
opts.append(option._long_opts[0])
if len(opts) > 1:
opts.insert(1, optsep)
if option.takes_value():
metavar = option.metavar or option.dest.lower()
opts.append(mvarfmt.format(metavar.lower()))
return ''.join(opts)
def format_heading(self, heading):
if heading == 'Options':
return ''
return heading + ':\n'
def format_usage(self, usage):
"""
Ensure there is only one newline between usage and the first heading
if there is no description.
"""
msg = '\nUsage: {}\n'.format(
self.indent_lines(textwrap.dedent(usage), " "))
return msg
def format_description(self, description):
# leave full control over description to us
if description:
if hasattr(self.parser, 'main'):
label = 'Commands'
else:
label = 'Description'
# some doc strings have initial newlines, some don't
description = description.lstrip('\n')
# some doc strings have final newlines and spaces, some don't
description = description.rstrip()
# dedent, then reindent
description = self.indent_lines(textwrap.dedent(description), " ")
description = '{}:\n{}\n'.format(label, description)
return description
else:
return ''
def format_epilog(self, epilog):
# leave full control over epilog to us
if epilog:
return epilog
else:
return ''
def indent_lines(self, text, indent):
new_lines = [indent + line for line in text.split('\n')]
return "\n".join(new_lines)
class UpdatingDefaultsHelpFormatter(PrettyHelpFormatter):
"""Custom help formatter for use in ConfigOptionParser.
This is updates the defaults before expanding them, allowing
them to show up correctly in the help listing.
"""
def expand_default(self, option):
if self.parser is not None:
self.parser._update_defaults(self.parser.defaults)
return optparse.IndentedHelpFormatter.expand_default(self, option)
class CustomOptionParser(optparse.OptionParser):
def insert_option_group(self, idx, *args, **kwargs):
"""Insert an OptionGroup at a given position."""
group = self.add_option_group(*args, **kwargs)
self.option_groups.pop()
self.option_groups.insert(idx, group)
return group
@property
def option_list_all(self):
"""Get a list of all options, including those in option groups."""
res = self.option_list[:]
for i in self.option_groups:
res.extend(i.option_list)
return res
class ConfigOptionParser(CustomOptionParser):
"""Custom option parser which updates its defaults by checking the
configuration files and environmental variables"""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.name = kwargs.pop('name')
isolated = kwargs.pop("isolated", False)
self.config = Configuration(isolated)
assert self.name
optparse.OptionParser.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
def check_default(self, option, key, val):
try:
return option.check_value(key, val)
except optparse.OptionValueError as exc:
print("An error occurred during configuration: {}".format(exc))
sys.exit(3)
def _get_ordered_configuration_items(self):
# Configuration gives keys in an unordered manner. Order them.
override_order = ["global", self.name, ":env:"]
# Pool the options into different groups
section_items = {name: [] for name in override_order}
for section_key, val in self.config.items():
# ignore empty values
if not val:
logger.debug(
"Ignoring configuration key '%s' as it's value is empty.",
section_key
)
continue
section, key = section_key.split(".", 1)
if section in override_order:
section_items[section].append((key, val))
# Yield each group in their override order
for section in override_order:
for key, val in section_items[section]:
yield key, val
def _update_defaults(self, defaults):
"""Updates the given defaults with values from the config files and
the environ. Does a little special handling for certain types of
options (lists)."""
# Accumulate complex default state.
self.values = optparse.Values(self.defaults)
late_eval = set()
# Then set the options with those values
for key, val in self._get_ordered_configuration_items():
# '--' because configuration supports only long names
option = self.get_option('--' + key)
# Ignore options not present in this parser. E.g. non-globals put
# in [global] by users that want them to apply to all applicable
# commands.
if option is None:
continue
if option.action in ('store_true', 'store_false', 'count'):
try:
val = strtobool(val)
except ValueError:
error_msg = invalid_config_error_message(
option.action, key, val
)
self.error(error_msg)
elif option.action == 'append':
val = val.split()
val = [self.check_default(option, key, v) for v in val]
elif option.action == 'callback':
late_eval.add(option.dest)
opt_str = option.get_opt_string()
val = option.convert_value(opt_str, val)
# From take_action
args = option.callback_args or ()
kwargs = option.callback_kwargs or {}
option.callback(option, opt_str, val, self, *args, **kwargs)
else:
val = self.check_default(option, key, val)
defaults[option.dest] = val
for key in late_eval:
defaults[key] = getattr(self.values, key)
self.values = None
return defaults
def get_default_values(self):
"""Overriding to make updating the defaults after instantiation of
the option parser possible, _update_defaults() does the dirty work."""
if not self.process_default_values:
# Old, pre-Optik 1.5 behaviour.
return optparse.Values(self.defaults)
# Load the configuration, or error out in case of an error
try:
self.config.load()
except ConfigurationError as err:
self.exit(UNKNOWN_ERROR, str(err))
defaults = self._update_defaults(self.defaults.copy()) # ours
for option in self._get_all_options():
default = defaults.get(option.dest)
if isinstance(default, string_types):
opt_str = option.get_opt_string()
defaults[option.dest] = option.check_value(opt_str, default)
return optparse.Values(defaults)
def error(self, msg):
self.print_usage(sys.stderr)
self.exit(UNKNOWN_ERROR, "{}\n".format(msg))
def invalid_config_error_message(action, key, val):
"""Returns a better error message when invalid configuration option
is provided."""
if action in ('store_true', 'store_false'):
return ("{0} is not a valid value for {1} option, "
"please specify a boolean value like yes/no, "
"true/false or 1/0 instead.").format(val, key)
return ("{0} is not a valid value for {1} option, "
"please specify a numerical value like 1/0 "
"instead.").format(val, key)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/command_context.py
|
from contextlib import contextmanager
from pip._vendor.contextlib2 import ExitStack
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Iterator, ContextManager, TypeVar
_T = TypeVar('_T', covariant=True)
class CommandContextMixIn(object):
def __init__(self):
# type: () -> None
super(CommandContextMixIn, self).__init__()
self._in_main_context = False
self._main_context = ExitStack()
@contextmanager
def main_context(self):
# type: () -> Iterator[None]
assert not self._in_main_context
self._in_main_context = True
try:
with self._main_context:
yield
finally:
self._in_main_context = False
def enter_context(self, context_provider):
# type: (ContextManager[_T]) -> _T
assert self._in_main_context
return self._main_context.enter_context(context_provider)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/spinners.py
|
from __future__ import absolute_import, division
import contextlib
import itertools
import logging
import sys
import time
from pip._vendor.progress import HIDE_CURSOR, SHOW_CURSOR
from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
from pip._internal.utils.logging import get_indentation
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Iterator, IO
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class SpinnerInterface(object):
def spin(self):
# type: () -> None
raise NotImplementedError()
def finish(self, final_status):
# type: (str) -> None
raise NotImplementedError()
class InteractiveSpinner(SpinnerInterface):
def __init__(self, message, file=None, spin_chars="-\\|/",
# Empirically, 8 updates/second looks nice
min_update_interval_seconds=0.125):
# type: (str, IO[str], str, float) -> None
self._message = message
if file is None:
file = sys.stdout
self._file = file
self._rate_limiter = RateLimiter(min_update_interval_seconds)
self._finished = False
self._spin_cycle = itertools.cycle(spin_chars)
self._file.write(" " * get_indentation() + self._message + " ... ")
self._width = 0
def _write(self, status):
# type: (str) -> None
assert not self._finished
# Erase what we wrote before by backspacing to the beginning, writing
# spaces to overwrite the old text, and then backspacing again
backup = "\b" * self._width
self._file.write(backup + " " * self._width + backup)
# Now we have a blank slate to add our status
self._file.write(status)
self._width = len(status)
self._file.flush()
self._rate_limiter.reset()
def spin(self):
# type: () -> None
if self._finished:
return
if not self._rate_limiter.ready():
return
self._write(next(self._spin_cycle))
def finish(self, final_status):
# type: (str) -> None
if self._finished:
return
self._write(final_status)
self._file.write("\n")
self._file.flush()
self._finished = True
# Used for dumb terminals, non-interactive installs (no tty), etc.
# We still print updates occasionally (once every 60 seconds by default) to
# act as a keep-alive for systems like Travis-CI that take lack-of-output as
# an indication that a task has frozen.
class NonInteractiveSpinner(SpinnerInterface):
def __init__(self, message, min_update_interval_seconds=60):
# type: (str, float) -> None
self._message = message
self._finished = False
self._rate_limiter = RateLimiter(min_update_interval_seconds)
self._update("started")
def _update(self, status):
# type: (str) -> None
assert not self._finished
self._rate_limiter.reset()
logger.info("%s: %s", self._message, status)
def spin(self):
# type: () -> None
if self._finished:
return
if not self._rate_limiter.ready():
return
self._update("still running...")
def finish(self, final_status):
# type: (str) -> None
if self._finished:
return
self._update(
"finished with status '{final_status}'".format(**locals()))
self._finished = True
class RateLimiter(object):
def __init__(self, min_update_interval_seconds):
# type: (float) -> None
self._min_update_interval_seconds = min_update_interval_seconds
self._last_update = 0 # type: float
def ready(self):
# type: () -> bool
now = time.time()
delta = now - self._last_update
return delta >= self._min_update_interval_seconds
def reset(self):
# type: () -> None
self._last_update = time.time()
@contextlib.contextmanager
def open_spinner(message):
# type: (str) -> Iterator[SpinnerInterface]
# Interactive spinner goes directly to sys.stdout rather than being routed
# through the logging system, but it acts like it has level INFO,
# i.e. it's only displayed if we're at level INFO or better.
# Non-interactive spinner goes through the logging system, so it is always
# in sync with logging configuration.
if sys.stdout.isatty() and logger.getEffectiveLevel() <= logging.INFO:
spinner = InteractiveSpinner(message) # type: SpinnerInterface
else:
spinner = NonInteractiveSpinner(message)
try:
with hidden_cursor(sys.stdout):
yield spinner
except KeyboardInterrupt:
spinner.finish("canceled")
raise
except Exception:
spinner.finish("error")
raise
else:
spinner.finish("done")
@contextlib.contextmanager
def hidden_cursor(file):
# type: (IO[str]) -> Iterator[None]
# The Windows terminal does not support the hide/show cursor ANSI codes,
# even via colorama. So don't even try.
if WINDOWS:
yield
# We don't want to clutter the output with control characters if we're
# writing to a file, or if the user is running with --quiet.
# See https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/3418
elif not file.isatty() or logger.getEffectiveLevel() > logging.INFO:
yield
else:
file.write(HIDE_CURSOR)
try:
yield
finally:
file.write(SHOW_CURSOR)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/autocompletion.py
|
"""Logic that powers autocompletion installed by ``pip completion``.
"""
import optparse
import os
import sys
from itertools import chain
from pip._internal.cli.main_parser import create_main_parser
from pip._internal.commands import commands_dict, create_command
from pip._internal.utils.misc import get_installed_distributions
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Any, Iterable, List, Optional
def autocomplete():
# type: () -> None
"""Entry Point for completion of main and subcommand options.
"""
# Don't complete if user hasn't sourced bash_completion file.
if 'PIP_AUTO_COMPLETE' not in os.environ:
return
cwords = os.environ['COMP_WORDS'].split()[1:]
cword = int(os.environ['COMP_CWORD'])
try:
current = cwords[cword - 1]
except IndexError:
current = ''
parser = create_main_parser()
subcommands = list(commands_dict)
options = []
# subcommand
subcommand_name = None # type: Optional[str]
for word in cwords:
if word in subcommands:
subcommand_name = word
break
# subcommand options
if subcommand_name is not None:
# special case: 'help' subcommand has no options
if subcommand_name == 'help':
sys.exit(1)
# special case: list locally installed dists for show and uninstall
should_list_installed = (
subcommand_name in ['show', 'uninstall'] and
not current.startswith('-')
)
if should_list_installed:
installed = []
lc = current.lower()
for dist in get_installed_distributions(local_only=True):
if dist.key.startswith(lc) and dist.key not in cwords[1:]:
installed.append(dist.key)
# if there are no dists installed, fall back to option completion
if installed:
for dist in installed:
print(dist)
sys.exit(1)
subcommand = create_command(subcommand_name)
for opt in subcommand.parser.option_list_all:
if opt.help != optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP:
for opt_str in opt._long_opts + opt._short_opts:
options.append((opt_str, opt.nargs))
# filter out previously specified options from available options
prev_opts = [x.split('=')[0] for x in cwords[1:cword - 1]]
options = [(x, v) for (x, v) in options if x not in prev_opts]
# filter options by current input
options = [(k, v) for k, v in options if k.startswith(current)]
# get completion type given cwords and available subcommand options
completion_type = get_path_completion_type(
cwords, cword, subcommand.parser.option_list_all,
)
# get completion files and directories if ``completion_type`` is
# ``<file>``, ``<dir>`` or ``<path>``
if completion_type:
paths = auto_complete_paths(current, completion_type)
options = [(path, 0) for path in paths]
for option in options:
opt_label = option[0]
# append '=' to options which require args
if option[1] and option[0][:2] == "--":
opt_label += '='
print(opt_label)
else:
# show main parser options only when necessary
opts = [i.option_list for i in parser.option_groups]
opts.append(parser.option_list)
flattened_opts = chain.from_iterable(opts)
if current.startswith('-'):
for opt in flattened_opts:
if opt.help != optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP:
subcommands += opt._long_opts + opt._short_opts
else:
# get completion type given cwords and all available options
completion_type = get_path_completion_type(cwords, cword,
flattened_opts)
if completion_type:
subcommands = list(auto_complete_paths(current,
completion_type))
print(' '.join([x for x in subcommands if x.startswith(current)]))
sys.exit(1)
def get_path_completion_type(cwords, cword, opts):
# type: (List[str], int, Iterable[Any]) -> Optional[str]
"""Get the type of path completion (``file``, ``dir``, ``path`` or None)
:param cwords: same as the environmental variable ``COMP_WORDS``
:param cword: same as the environmental variable ``COMP_CWORD``
:param opts: The available options to check
:return: path completion type (``file``, ``dir``, ``path`` or None)
"""
if cword < 2 or not cwords[cword - 2].startswith('-'):
return None
for opt in opts:
if opt.help == optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP:
continue
for o in str(opt).split('/'):
if cwords[cword - 2].split('=')[0] == o:
if not opt.metavar or any(
x in ('path', 'file', 'dir')
for x in opt.metavar.split('/')):
return opt.metavar
return None
def auto_complete_paths(current, completion_type):
# type: (str, str) -> Iterable[str]
"""If ``completion_type`` is ``file`` or ``path``, list all regular files
and directories starting with ``current``; otherwise only list directories
starting with ``current``.
:param current: The word to be completed
:param completion_type: path completion type(`file`, `path` or `dir`)i
:return: A generator of regular files and/or directories
"""
directory, filename = os.path.split(current)
current_path = os.path.abspath(directory)
# Don't complete paths if they can't be accessed
if not os.access(current_path, os.R_OK):
return
filename = os.path.normcase(filename)
# list all files that start with ``filename``
file_list = (x for x in os.listdir(current_path)
if os.path.normcase(x).startswith(filename))
for f in file_list:
opt = os.path.join(current_path, f)
comp_file = os.path.normcase(os.path.join(directory, f))
# complete regular files when there is not ``<dir>`` after option
# complete directories when there is ``<file>``, ``<path>`` or
# ``<dir>``after option
if completion_type != 'dir' and os.path.isfile(opt):
yield comp_file
elif os.path.isdir(opt):
yield os.path.join(comp_file, '')
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py
|
"""Base Command class, and related routines"""
from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function
import logging
import logging.config
import optparse
import os
import platform
import sys
import traceback
from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
from pip._internal.cli.command_context import CommandContextMixIn
from pip._internal.cli.parser import (
ConfigOptionParser,
UpdatingDefaultsHelpFormatter,
)
from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import (
ERROR,
PREVIOUS_BUILD_DIR_ERROR,
UNKNOWN_ERROR,
VIRTUALENV_NOT_FOUND,
)
from pip._internal.exceptions import (
BadCommand,
CommandError,
InstallationError,
NetworkConnectionError,
PreviousBuildDirError,
SubProcessError,
UninstallationError,
)
from pip._internal.utils.deprecation import deprecated
from pip._internal.utils.filesystem import check_path_owner
from pip._internal.utils.logging import BrokenStdoutLoggingError, setup_logging
from pip._internal.utils.misc import get_prog, normalize_path
from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import (
global_tempdir_manager,
tempdir_registry,
)
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import List, Optional, Tuple, Any
from optparse import Values
from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import (
TempDirectoryTypeRegistry as TempDirRegistry
)
__all__ = ['Command']
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class Command(CommandContextMixIn):
usage = None # type: str
ignore_require_venv = False # type: bool
def __init__(self, name, summary, isolated=False):
# type: (str, str, bool) -> None
super(Command, self).__init__()
parser_kw = {
'usage': self.usage,
'prog': '{} {}'.format(get_prog(), name),
'formatter': UpdatingDefaultsHelpFormatter(),
'add_help_option': False,
'name': name,
'description': self.__doc__,
'isolated': isolated,
}
self.name = name
self.summary = summary
self.parser = ConfigOptionParser(**parser_kw)
self.tempdir_registry = None # type: Optional[TempDirRegistry]
# Commands should add options to this option group
optgroup_name = '{} Options'.format(self.name.capitalize())
self.cmd_opts = optparse.OptionGroup(self.parser, optgroup_name)
# Add the general options
gen_opts = cmdoptions.make_option_group(
cmdoptions.general_group,
self.parser,
)
self.parser.add_option_group(gen_opts)
self.add_options()
def add_options(self):
# type: () -> None
pass
def handle_pip_version_check(self, options):
# type: (Values) -> None
"""
This is a no-op so that commands by default do not do the pip version
check.
"""
# Make sure we do the pip version check if the index_group options
# are present.
assert not hasattr(options, 'no_index')
def run(self, options, args):
# type: (Values, List[Any]) -> int
raise NotImplementedError
def parse_args(self, args):
# type: (List[str]) -> Tuple[Any, Any]
# factored out for testability
return self.parser.parse_args(args)
def main(self, args):
# type: (List[str]) -> int
try:
with self.main_context():
return self._main(args)
finally:
logging.shutdown()
def _main(self, args):
# type: (List[str]) -> int
# We must initialize this before the tempdir manager, otherwise the
# configuration would not be accessible by the time we clean up the
# tempdir manager.
self.tempdir_registry = self.enter_context(tempdir_registry())
# Intentionally set as early as possible so globally-managed temporary
# directories are available to the rest of the code.
self.enter_context(global_tempdir_manager())
options, args = self.parse_args(args)
# Set verbosity so that it can be used elsewhere.
self.verbosity = options.verbose - options.quiet
level_number = setup_logging(
verbosity=self.verbosity,
no_color=options.no_color,
user_log_file=options.log,
)
if (
sys.version_info[:2] == (2, 7) and
not options.no_python_version_warning
):
message = (
"pip 21.0 will drop support for Python 2.7 in January 2021. "
"More details about Python 2 support in pip can be found at "
"https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support" # noqa
)
if platform.python_implementation() == "CPython":
message = (
"Python 2.7 reached the end of its life on January "
"1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 "
"is no longer maintained. "
) + message
deprecated(message, replacement=None, gone_in="21.0")
if (
sys.version_info[:2] == (3, 5) and
not options.no_python_version_warning
):
message = (
"Python 3.5 reached the end of its life on September "
"13th, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 3.5 "
"is no longer maintained. pip 21.0 will drop support "
"for Python 3.5 in January 2021."
)
deprecated(message, replacement=None, gone_in="21.0")
# TODO: Try to get these passing down from the command?
# without resorting to os.environ to hold these.
# This also affects isolated builds and it should.
if options.no_input:
os.environ['PIP_NO_INPUT'] = '1'
if options.exists_action:
os.environ['PIP_EXISTS_ACTION'] = ' '.join(options.exists_action)
if options.require_venv and not self.ignore_require_venv:
# If a venv is required check if it can really be found
if not running_under_virtualenv():
logger.critical(
'Could not find an activated virtualenv (required).'
)
sys.exit(VIRTUALENV_NOT_FOUND)
if options.cache_dir:
options.cache_dir = normalize_path(options.cache_dir)
if not check_path_owner(options.cache_dir):
logger.warning(
"The directory '%s' or its parent directory is not owned "
"or is not writable by the current user. The cache "
"has been disabled. Check the permissions and owner of "
"that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want "
"sudo's -H flag.",
options.cache_dir,
)
options.cache_dir = None
if getattr(options, "build_dir", None):
deprecated(
reason=(
"The -b/--build/--build-dir/--build-directory "
"option is deprecated."
),
replacement=(
"use the TMPDIR/TEMP/TMP environment variable, "
"possibly combined with --no-clean"
),
gone_in="20.3",
issue=8333,
)
if 'resolver' in options.unstable_features:
logger.critical(
"--unstable-feature=resolver is no longer supported, and "
"has been replaced with --use-feature=2020-resolver instead."
)
sys.exit(ERROR)
try:
status = self.run(options, args)
assert isinstance(status, int)
return status
except PreviousBuildDirError as exc:
logger.critical(str(exc))
logger.debug('Exception information:', exc_info=True)
return PREVIOUS_BUILD_DIR_ERROR
except (InstallationError, UninstallationError, BadCommand,
SubProcessError, NetworkConnectionError) as exc:
logger.critical(str(exc))
logger.debug('Exception information:', exc_info=True)
return ERROR
except CommandError as exc:
logger.critical('%s', exc)
logger.debug('Exception information:', exc_info=True)
return ERROR
except BrokenStdoutLoggingError:
# Bypass our logger and write any remaining messages to stderr
# because stdout no longer works.
print('ERROR: Pipe to stdout was broken', file=sys.stderr)
if level_number <= logging.DEBUG:
traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stderr)
return ERROR
except KeyboardInterrupt:
logger.critical('Operation cancelled by user')
logger.debug('Exception information:', exc_info=True)
return ERROR
except BaseException:
logger.critical('Exception:', exc_info=True)
return UNKNOWN_ERROR
finally:
self.handle_pip_version_check(options)
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main_parser.py
|
"""A single place for constructing and exposing the main parser
"""
import os
import sys
from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
from pip._internal.cli.parser import (
ConfigOptionParser,
UpdatingDefaultsHelpFormatter,
)
from pip._internal.commands import commands_dict, get_similar_commands
from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError
from pip._internal.utils.misc import get_pip_version, get_prog
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Tuple, List
__all__ = ["create_main_parser", "parse_command"]
def create_main_parser():
# type: () -> ConfigOptionParser
"""Creates and returns the main parser for pip's CLI
"""
parser_kw = {
'usage': '\n%prog <command> [options]',
'add_help_option': False,
'formatter': UpdatingDefaultsHelpFormatter(),
'name': 'global',
'prog': get_prog(),
}
parser = ConfigOptionParser(**parser_kw)
parser.disable_interspersed_args()
parser.version = get_pip_version()
# add the general options
gen_opts = cmdoptions.make_option_group(cmdoptions.general_group, parser)
parser.add_option_group(gen_opts)
# so the help formatter knows
parser.main = True # type: ignore
# create command listing for description
description = [''] + [
'{name:27} {command_info.summary}'.format(**locals())
for name, command_info in commands_dict.items()
]
parser.description = '\n'.join(description)
return parser
def parse_command(args):
# type: (List[str]) -> Tuple[str, List[str]]
parser = create_main_parser()
# Note: parser calls disable_interspersed_args(), so the result of this
# call is to split the initial args into the general options before the
# subcommand and everything else.
# For example:
# args: ['--timeout=5', 'install', '--user', 'INITools']
# general_options: ['--timeout==5']
# args_else: ['install', '--user', 'INITools']
general_options, args_else = parser.parse_args(args)
# --version
if general_options.version:
sys.stdout.write(parser.version) # type: ignore
sys.stdout.write(os.linesep)
sys.exit()
# pip || pip help -> print_help()
if not args_else or (args_else[0] == 'help' and len(args_else) == 1):
parser.print_help()
sys.exit()
# the subcommand name
cmd_name = args_else[0]
if cmd_name not in commands_dict:
guess = get_similar_commands(cmd_name)
msg = ['unknown command "{}"'.format(cmd_name)]
if guess:
msg.append('maybe you meant "{}"'.format(guess))
raise CommandError(' - '.join(msg))
# all the args without the subcommand
cmd_args = args[:]
cmd_args.remove(cmd_name)
return cmd_name, cmd_args
| 0 |
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal
|
qxf2_public_repos/question-answer-api/venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/progress_bars.py
|
from __future__ import division
import itertools
import sys
from signal import SIGINT, default_int_handler, signal
from pip._vendor import six
from pip._vendor.progress.bar import Bar, FillingCirclesBar, IncrementalBar
from pip._vendor.progress.spinner import Spinner
from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
from pip._internal.utils.logging import get_indentation
from pip._internal.utils.misc import format_size
from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
from typing import Any, Dict, List
try:
from pip._vendor import colorama
# Lots of different errors can come from this, including SystemError and
# ImportError.
except Exception:
colorama = None
def _select_progress_class(preferred, fallback):
# type: (Bar, Bar) -> Bar
encoding = getattr(preferred.file, "encoding", None)
# If we don't know what encoding this file is in, then we'll just assume
# that it doesn't support unicode and use the ASCII bar.
if not encoding:
return fallback
# Collect all of the possible characters we want to use with the preferred
# bar.
characters = [
getattr(preferred, "empty_fill", six.text_type()),
getattr(preferred, "fill", six.text_type()),
]
characters += list(getattr(preferred, "phases", []))
# Try to decode the characters we're using for the bar using the encoding
# of the given file, if this works then we'll assume that we can use the
# fancier bar and if not we'll fall back to the plaintext bar.
try:
six.text_type().join(characters).encode(encoding)
except UnicodeEncodeError:
return fallback
else:
return preferred
_BaseBar = _select_progress_class(IncrementalBar, Bar) # type: Any
class InterruptibleMixin(object):
"""
Helper to ensure that self.finish() gets called on keyboard interrupt.
This allows downloads to be interrupted without leaving temporary state
(like hidden cursors) behind.
This class is similar to the progress library's existing SigIntMixin
helper, but as of version 1.2, that helper has the following problems:
1. It calls sys.exit().
2. It discards the existing SIGINT handler completely.
3. It leaves its own handler in place even after an uninterrupted finish,
which will have unexpected delayed effects if the user triggers an
unrelated keyboard interrupt some time after a progress-displaying
download has already completed, for example.
"""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
# type: (List[Any], Dict[Any, Any]) -> None
"""
Save the original SIGINT handler for later.
"""
# https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/5887
super(InterruptibleMixin, self).__init__( # type: ignore
*args,
**kwargs
)
self.original_handler = signal(SIGINT, self.handle_sigint)
# If signal() returns None, the previous handler was not installed from
# Python, and we cannot restore it. This probably should not happen,
# but if it does, we must restore something sensible instead, at least.
# The least bad option should be Python's default SIGINT handler, which
# just raises KeyboardInterrupt.
if self.original_handler is None:
self.original_handler = default_int_handler
def finish(self):
# type: () -> None
"""
Restore the original SIGINT handler after finishing.
This should happen regardless of whether the progress display finishes
normally, or gets interrupted.
"""
super(InterruptibleMixin, self).finish() # type: ignore
signal(SIGINT, self.original_handler)
def handle_sigint(self, signum, frame): # type: ignore
"""
Call self.finish() before delegating to the original SIGINT handler.
This handler should only be in place while the progress display is
active.
"""
self.finish()
self.original_handler(signum, frame)
class SilentBar(Bar):
def update(self):
# type: () -> None
pass
class BlueEmojiBar(IncrementalBar):
suffix = "%(percent)d%%"
bar_prefix = " "
bar_suffix = " "
phases = (u"\U0001F539", u"\U0001F537", u"\U0001F535") # type: Any
class DownloadProgressMixin(object):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
# type: (List[Any], Dict[Any, Any]) -> None
# https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/5887
super(DownloadProgressMixin, self).__init__( # type: ignore
*args,
**kwargs
)
self.message = (" " * (
get_indentation() + 2
)) + self.message # type: str
@property
def downloaded(self):
# type: () -> str
return format_size(self.index) # type: ignore
@property
def download_speed(self):
# type: () -> str
# Avoid zero division errors...
if self.avg == 0.0: # type: ignore
return "..."
return format_size(1 / self.avg) + "/s" # type: ignore
@property
def pretty_eta(self):
# type: () -> str
if self.eta: # type: ignore
return "eta {}".format(self.eta_td) # type: ignore
return ""
def iter(self, it): # type: ignore
for x in it:
yield x
# B305 is incorrectly raised here
# https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8-bugbear/issues/59
self.next(len(x)) # noqa: B305
self.finish()
class WindowsMixin(object):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
# type: (List[Any], Dict[Any, Any]) -> None
# The Windows terminal does not support the hide/show cursor ANSI codes
# even with colorama. So we'll ensure that hide_cursor is False on
# Windows.
# This call needs to go before the super() call, so that hide_cursor
# is set in time. The base progress bar class writes the "hide cursor"
# code to the terminal in its init, so if we don't set this soon
# enough, we get a "hide" with no corresponding "show"...
if WINDOWS and self.hide_cursor: # type: ignore
self.hide_cursor = False
# https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/5887
super(WindowsMixin, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) # type: ignore
# Check if we are running on Windows and we have the colorama module,
# if we do then wrap our file with it.
if WINDOWS and colorama:
self.file = colorama.AnsiToWin32(self.file) # type: ignore
# The progress code expects to be able to call self.file.isatty()
# but the colorama.AnsiToWin32() object doesn't have that, so we'll
# add it.
self.file.isatty = lambda: self.file.wrapped.isatty()
# The progress code expects to be able to call self.file.flush()
# but the colorama.AnsiToWin32() object doesn't have that, so we'll
# add it.
self.file.flush = lambda: self.file.wrapped.flush()
class BaseDownloadProgressBar(WindowsMixin, InterruptibleMixin,
DownloadProgressMixin):
file = sys.stdout
message = "%(percent)d%%"
suffix = "%(downloaded)s %(download_speed)s %(pretty_eta)s"
class DefaultDownloadProgressBar(BaseDownloadProgressBar,
_BaseBar):
pass
class DownloadSilentBar(BaseDownloadProgressBar, SilentBar):
pass
class DownloadBar(BaseDownloadProgressBar,
Bar):
pass
class DownloadFillingCirclesBar(BaseDownloadProgressBar,
FillingCirclesBar):
pass
class DownloadBlueEmojiProgressBar(BaseDownloadProgressBar,
BlueEmojiBar):
pass
class DownloadProgressSpinner(WindowsMixin, InterruptibleMixin,
DownloadProgressMixin, Spinner):
file = sys.stdout
suffix = "%(downloaded)s %(download_speed)s"
def next_phase(self):
# type: () -> str
if not hasattr(self, "_phaser"):
self._phaser = itertools.cycle(self.phases)
return next(self._phaser)
def update(self):
# type: () -> None
message = self.message % self
phase = self.next_phase()
suffix = self.suffix % self
line = ''.join([
message,
" " if message else "",
phase,
" " if suffix else "",
suffix,
])
self.writeln(line)
BAR_TYPES = {
"off": (DownloadSilentBar, DownloadSilentBar),
"on": (DefaultDownloadProgressBar, DownloadProgressSpinner),
"ascii": (DownloadBar, DownloadProgressSpinner),
"pretty": (DownloadFillingCirclesBar, DownloadProgressSpinner),
"emoji": (DownloadBlueEmojiProgressBar, DownloadProgressSpinner)
}
def DownloadProgressProvider(progress_bar, max=None): # type: ignore
if max is None or max == 0:
return BAR_TYPES[progress_bar][1]().iter
else:
return BAR_TYPES[progress_bar][0](max=max).iter
| 0 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.