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id_6600
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The United States released the following as part of a pamphlet titled If Your Baby Must Travel in Wartime, released during the Second World War: Have you been on a train lately? The railroads have a hard job to do these days, but one that they are doing well. But before you decide on a trip with a baby, you should realise what a wartime train is like. So lets look into one. This train is crowded. At every stop more people get onmore and still more. Soldiers and sailors on furloughs, men on business trips, women young and not so young and babies, lots of them, mostly small. The seats are full. People stand and jostle one another in the aisle. Mothers sit crowded into single seats with toddlers or with babies in their laps. Three sailors occupy space meant for two. A soldier sits on his tipped-up suitcase. A marine leans against the back of the seat. Some people stand in line for 2 hours waiting to get into the diner, some munch sandwiches obtained from the porter or taken out of a paper bag, and some go hungry. And those who get to the diner have had to push their way through five or six moving cars. You will want to think twice before taking your baby into such a crowded, uncomfortable place as a train. And having thought twice, youd better decide to stay home unless your trip is absolutely necessary. But suppose you and your baby must travel. Well then, you will have to plan for the dozens of small but essential things incidental to travelling with a baby and equip yourself to handle them.
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A soldier responds to the situation by creating his own seat.
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entailment
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id_6601
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The United States released the following as part of a pamphlet titled If Your Baby Must Travel in Wartime, released during the Second World War: Have you been on a train lately? The railroads have a hard job to do these days, but one that they are doing well. But before you decide on a trip with a baby, you should realise what a wartime train is like. So lets look into one. This train is crowded. At every stop more people get onmore and still more. Soldiers and sailors on furloughs, men on business trips, women young and not so young and babies, lots of them, mostly small. The seats are full. People stand and jostle one another in the aisle. Mothers sit crowded into single seats with toddlers or with babies in their laps. Three sailors occupy space meant for two. A soldier sits on his tipped-up suitcase. A marine leans against the back of the seat. Some people stand in line for 2 hours waiting to get into the diner, some munch sandwiches obtained from the porter or taken out of a paper bag, and some go hungry. And those who get to the diner have had to push their way through five or six moving cars. You will want to think twice before taking your baby into such a crowded, uncomfortable place as a train. And having thought twice, youd better decide to stay home unless your trip is absolutely necessary. But suppose you and your baby must travel. Well then, you will have to plan for the dozens of small but essential things incidental to travelling with a baby and equip yourself to handle them.
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Every station the described train passes through has passengers wanting to get onto the vehicle.
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entailment
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id_6602
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The United States space programme is at a critical juncture. Between 1971 and 2011, spending on space has declined from 5% of the federalbudget to 0.5%. The US government recently announced it has cancelled its Constellation human spaceflight programme, which was intended to provide transportation to the International Space Station (ISS). Instead, NASA will shift its emphasis to developing new technologies and commercializing space flight. NASA will outsource its transportation to the ISS a move designed to dramatically reduce launch costs. Five private companies nearly all of which are headed by internet entrepreneurs are sharing $50 million of federal funds to develop cargo spacecraft. NASAs new vision has not been met by enthusiasm from all quarters, with critics calling it the death knell of Americas former supremacy in space travel. Politicians whose states are losing out on jobs as a result of NASAs cancelled programmes have been among the most vocal critics. With entrepreneurs racing to achieve human spaceflight, the next American to land on the moon could be a commercial passenger rather than a NASA astronaut.
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NASA aims to save money by outsourcing transport to the International Space Station.
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entailment
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id_6603
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The United States space programme is at a critical juncture. Between 1971 and 2011, spending on space has declined from 5% of the federalbudget to 0.5%. The US government recently announced it has cancelled its Constellation human spaceflight programme, which was intended to provide transportation to the International Space Station (ISS). Instead, NASA will shift its emphasis to developing new technologies and commercializing space flight. NASA will outsource its transportation to the ISS a move designed to dramatically reduce launch costs. Five private companies nearly all of which are headed by internet entrepreneurs are sharing $50 million of federal funds to develop cargo spacecraft. NASAs new vision has not been met by enthusiasm from all quarters, with critics calling it the death knell of Americas former supremacy in space travel. Politicians whose states are losing out on jobs as a result of NASAs cancelled programmes have been among the most vocal critics. With entrepreneurs racing to achieve human spaceflight, the next American to land on the moon could be a commercial passenger rather than a NASA astronaut.
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The five companies sharing the federal funds are using internet technology to develop cargo spacecraft.
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neutral
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id_6604
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The United States space programme is at a critical juncture. Between 1971 and 2011, spending on space has declined from 5% of the federalbudget to 0.5%. The US government recently announced it has cancelled its Constellation human spaceflight programme, which was intended to provide transportation to the International Space Station (ISS). Instead, NASA will shift its emphasis to developing new technologies and commercializing space flight. NASA will outsource its transportation to the ISS a move designed to dramatically reduce launch costs. Five private companies nearly all of which are headed by internet entrepreneurs are sharing $50 million of federal funds to develop cargo spacecraft. NASAs new vision has not been met by enthusiasm from all quarters, with critics calling it the death knell of Americas former supremacy in space travel. Politicians whose states are losing out on jobs as a result of NASAs cancelled programmes have been among the most vocal critics. With entrepreneurs racing to achieve human spaceflight, the next American to land on the moon could be a commercial passenger rather than a NASA astronaut.
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Under NASAs new plans, travel to the International Space Station will be privatised.
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entailment
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id_6605
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The United States space programme is at a critical juncture. Between 1971 and 2011, spending on space has declined from 5% of the federalbudget to 0.5%. The US government recently announced it has cancelled its Constellation human spaceflight programme, which was intended to provide transportation to the International Space Station (ISS). Instead, NASA will shift its emphasis to developing new technologies and commercializing space flight. NASA will outsource its transportation to the ISS a move designed to dramatically reduce launch costs. Five private companies nearly all of which are headed by internet entrepreneurs are sharing $50 million of federal funds to develop cargo spacecraft. NASAs new vision has not been met by enthusiasm from all quarters, with critics calling it the death knell of Americas former supremacy in space travel. Politicians whose states are losing out on jobs as a result of NASAs cancelled programmes have been among the most vocal critics. With entrepreneurs racing to achieve human spaceflight, the next American to land on the moon could be a commercial passenger rather than a NASA astronaut.
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The United States government recently announced plans to reduce its space programme budget.
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neutral
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id_6606
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The United States space programme is at a critical juncture. Between 1971 and 2011, spending on space has declined from 5% of the federalbudget to 0.5%. The US government recently announced it has cancelled its Constellation human spaceflight programme, which was intended to provide transportation to the International Space Station (ISS). Instead, NASA will shift its emphasis to developing new technologies and commercializing space flight. NASA will outsource its transportation to the ISS a move designed to dramatically reduce launch costs. Five private companies nearly all of which are headed by internet entrepreneurs are sharing $50 million of federal funds to develop cargo spacecraft. NASAs new vision has not been met by enthusiasm from all quarters, with critics calling it the death knell of Americas former supremacy in space travel. Politicians whose states are losing out on jobs as a result of NASAs cancelled programmes have been among the most vocal critics. With entrepreneurs racing to achieve human spaceflight, the next American to land on the moon could be a commercial passenger rather than a NASA astronaut.
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Some critics believe that NASAs new direction marks the end of American leadership in space exploration.
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entailment
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id_6607
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The Value of a College Degree The escalating cost of higher education is causing many to question the value of continuing education beyond high school. Many wonder whether the high cost of tuition, the opportunity cost of choosing college over full-time employment, and the accumulation of thousands of dollars of debt is, in the long run, worth the investment. The risk is especially large for low- income families who have a difficult time making ends meet without the additional burden of college tuition and fees. In order to determine whether higher education is worth the investment, it is useful to examine what is known about the value of higher education and the rates of return on investment to both the individual and to society. THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF HIGHER EDUCATION There is considerable support for the notion that the rate of return on investment in higher education is high enough to warrant the financial burden associated with pursuing a college degree. Though the earnings differential between college and high school graduates varies over time, college graduates, on average, earn more than high school graduates. According to the Census Bureau, over an adult's working life, high school graduates earn an average of $1.2 million; associate's degree holders earn about $1.6 million; and bachelor's degree holders earn about $2.1 million (Day and Newburger, 2002). These sizeable differences in lifetime earnings put the costs of college study in realistic perspective. Most students todayabout 80 percent of all studentsenroll either in public four- year colleges or in public two-year colleges. According to the U. S. Department of Education report, Think College Early, a full-time student at a public four-year college pays an average of $8,655 for in-state tuition, room, and board (U. S. Department of Education, 2002). A fulltime student in a public two-year college pays an average of $1,359 per year in tuition (U. S. Department of Education, 2002). These statistics support the contention that, though the cost of higher education is significant, given the earnings disparity that exists between those who earn a bachelor's degree and those who do not, the individual rate of return on investment in higher education is sufficiently high to warrant the cost. OTHER BENEFIT! OF HIGHER EDUCATION College graduates also enjoy benefits beyond increased income. A1998 report published by the Institute for Higher Education Policy reviews the individual benefits that college graduates enjoy, including higher levels of saving, increased personal/professional mobility, improved quality of life for their offspring, better consumer decision making, and more hobbies and leisure activities (Institute for Higher Education Policy, 1998). According to a report published by the Carnegie Foundation, nonmonetary individual benefits of higher education include the tendency for postsecondary students to become more open-minded, more cultured, more rational, more consistent, and less authoritarian; these benefits are also passed along to succeeding generations (Rowley and Hurtado, 2002). Additionally, college attendance has been shown to "decrease prejudice, enhance knowledge of world affairs and enhance social status" while increasing economic and job security for those who earn bachelor's degrees (Ibid. ). Research has also consistently shown a positive correlation between completion of higher education and good health, not only for oneself, but also for one's children. In fact, "parental schooling levels (after controlling for differences in earnings) are positively correlated with the health status of their children" and Increased schooling (and higher relative income) are correlated with lower mortality rates for given age brackets" (Cohn and Geske, 1992). THE IOCIAL VALUE OF HIGHER EDUCATION A number of studies have shown a high correlation between higher education and cultural and family values, and economic growth. According to Elchanan Cohn and Terry Geske (1992), there is the tendency for more highly educated women to spend more time with their children; these women tend to use this time to better prepare their children for the future. Cohn and Geske (1992) report that "college graduates appear to have a more optimistic view of their past and future personal progress. " Public benefits of attending college include increased tax revenues, greater workplace productivity, increased consumption, increased workforce flexibility, and decreased reliance on government financial support (Institute for Higher Education Policy, 1998).... CONCLUHON While it is clear that investment in a college degree, especially for those students in the lowest income brackets, is a financial burden, the long-term benefits to individuals as well as to society at large, appear to far outweigh the costs.
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About 80 percent of college students study at public colleges.
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entailment
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id_6608
|
The Value of a College Degree The escalating cost of higher education is causing many to question the value of continuing education beyond high school. Many wonder whether the high cost of tuition, the opportunity cost of choosing college over full-time employment, and the accumulation of thousands of dollars of debt is, in the long run, worth the investment. The risk is especially large for low- income families who have a difficult time making ends meet without the additional burden of college tuition and fees. In order to determine whether higher education is worth the investment, it is useful to examine what is known about the value of higher education and the rates of return on investment to both the individual and to society. THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF HIGHER EDUCATION There is considerable support for the notion that the rate of return on investment in higher education is high enough to warrant the financial burden associated with pursuing a college degree. Though the earnings differential between college and high school graduates varies over time, college graduates, on average, earn more than high school graduates. According to the Census Bureau, over an adult's working life, high school graduates earn an average of $1.2 million; associate's degree holders earn about $1.6 million; and bachelor's degree holders earn about $2.1 million (Day and Newburger, 2002). These sizeable differences in lifetime earnings put the costs of college study in realistic perspective. Most students todayabout 80 percent of all studentsenroll either in public four- year colleges or in public two-year colleges. According to the U. S. Department of Education report, Think College Early, a full-time student at a public four-year college pays an average of $8,655 for in-state tuition, room, and board (U. S. Department of Education, 2002). A fulltime student in a public two-year college pays an average of $1,359 per year in tuition (U. S. Department of Education, 2002). These statistics support the contention that, though the cost of higher education is significant, given the earnings disparity that exists between those who earn a bachelor's degree and those who do not, the individual rate of return on investment in higher education is sufficiently high to warrant the cost. OTHER BENEFIT! OF HIGHER EDUCATION College graduates also enjoy benefits beyond increased income. A1998 report published by the Institute for Higher Education Policy reviews the individual benefits that college graduates enjoy, including higher levels of saving, increased personal/professional mobility, improved quality of life for their offspring, better consumer decision making, and more hobbies and leisure activities (Institute for Higher Education Policy, 1998). According to a report published by the Carnegie Foundation, nonmonetary individual benefits of higher education include the tendency for postsecondary students to become more open-minded, more cultured, more rational, more consistent, and less authoritarian; these benefits are also passed along to succeeding generations (Rowley and Hurtado, 2002). Additionally, college attendance has been shown to "decrease prejudice, enhance knowledge of world affairs and enhance social status" while increasing economic and job security for those who earn bachelor's degrees (Ibid. ). Research has also consistently shown a positive correlation between completion of higher education and good health, not only for oneself, but also for one's children. In fact, "parental schooling levels (after controlling for differences in earnings) are positively correlated with the health status of their children" and Increased schooling (and higher relative income) are correlated with lower mortality rates for given age brackets" (Cohn and Geske, 1992). THE IOCIAL VALUE OF HIGHER EDUCATION A number of studies have shown a high correlation between higher education and cultural and family values, and economic growth. According to Elchanan Cohn and Terry Geske (1992), there is the tendency for more highly educated women to spend more time with their children; these women tend to use this time to better prepare their children for the future. Cohn and Geske (1992) report that "college graduates appear to have a more optimistic view of their past and future personal progress. " Public benefits of attending college include increased tax revenues, greater workplace productivity, increased consumption, increased workforce flexibility, and decreased reliance on government financial support (Institute for Higher Education Policy, 1998).... CONCLUHON While it is clear that investment in a college degree, especially for those students in the lowest income brackets, is a financial burden, the long-term benefits to individuals as well as to society at large, appear to far outweigh the costs.
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The cost of a college education has remained steady for several years.
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contradiction
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id_6609
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The Value of a College Degree The escalating cost of higher education is causing many to question the value of continuing education beyond high school. Many wonder whether the high cost of tuition, the opportunity cost of choosing college over full-time employment, and the accumulation of thousands of dollars of debt is, in the long run, worth the investment. The risk is especially large for low- income families who have a difficult time making ends meet without the additional burden of college tuition and fees. In order to determine whether higher education is worth the investment, it is useful to examine what is known about the value of higher education and the rates of return on investment to both the individual and to society. THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF HIGHER EDUCATION There is considerable support for the notion that the rate of return on investment in higher education is high enough to warrant the financial burden associated with pursuing a college degree. Though the earnings differential between college and high school graduates varies over time, college graduates, on average, earn more than high school graduates. According to the Census Bureau, over an adult's working life, high school graduates earn an average of $1.2 million; associate's degree holders earn about $1.6 million; and bachelor's degree holders earn about $2.1 million (Day and Newburger, 2002). These sizeable differences in lifetime earnings put the costs of college study in realistic perspective. Most students todayabout 80 percent of all studentsenroll either in public four- year colleges or in public two-year colleges. According to the U. S. Department of Education report, Think College Early, a full-time student at a public four-year college pays an average of $8,655 for in-state tuition, room, and board (U. S. Department of Education, 2002). A fulltime student in a public two-year college pays an average of $1,359 per year in tuition (U. S. Department of Education, 2002). These statistics support the contention that, though the cost of higher education is significant, given the earnings disparity that exists between those who earn a bachelor's degree and those who do not, the individual rate of return on investment in higher education is sufficiently high to warrant the cost. OTHER BENEFIT! OF HIGHER EDUCATION College graduates also enjoy benefits beyond increased income. A1998 report published by the Institute for Higher Education Policy reviews the individual benefits that college graduates enjoy, including higher levels of saving, increased personal/professional mobility, improved quality of life for their offspring, better consumer decision making, and more hobbies and leisure activities (Institute for Higher Education Policy, 1998). According to a report published by the Carnegie Foundation, nonmonetary individual benefits of higher education include the tendency for postsecondary students to become more open-minded, more cultured, more rational, more consistent, and less authoritarian; these benefits are also passed along to succeeding generations (Rowley and Hurtado, 2002). Additionally, college attendance has been shown to "decrease prejudice, enhance knowledge of world affairs and enhance social status" while increasing economic and job security for those who earn bachelor's degrees (Ibid. ). Research has also consistently shown a positive correlation between completion of higher education and good health, not only for oneself, but also for one's children. In fact, "parental schooling levels (after controlling for differences in earnings) are positively correlated with the health status of their children" and Increased schooling (and higher relative income) are correlated with lower mortality rates for given age brackets" (Cohn and Geske, 1992). THE IOCIAL VALUE OF HIGHER EDUCATION A number of studies have shown a high correlation between higher education and cultural and family values, and economic growth. According to Elchanan Cohn and Terry Geske (1992), there is the tendency for more highly educated women to spend more time with their children; these women tend to use this time to better prepare their children for the future. Cohn and Geske (1992) report that "college graduates appear to have a more optimistic view of their past and future personal progress. " Public benefits of attending college include increased tax revenues, greater workplace productivity, increased consumption, increased workforce flexibility, and decreased reliance on government financial support (Institute for Higher Education Policy, 1998).... CONCLUHON While it is clear that investment in a college degree, especially for those students in the lowest income brackets, is a financial burden, the long-term benefits to individuals as well as to society at large, appear to far outweigh the costs.
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Some people have to borrow large amounts of money to pay for college.
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entailment
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id_6610
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The Value of a College Degree The escalating cost of higher education is causing many to question the value of continuing education beyond high school. Many wonder whether the high cost of tuition, the opportunity cost of choosing college over full-time employment, and the accumulation of thousands of dollars of debt is, in the long run, worth the investment. The risk is especially large for low- income families who have a difficult time making ends meet without the additional burden of college tuition and fees. In order to determine whether higher education is worth the investment, it is useful to examine what is known about the value of higher education and the rates of return on investment to both the individual and to society. THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF HIGHER EDUCATION There is considerable support for the notion that the rate of return on investment in higher education is high enough to warrant the financial burden associated with pursuing a college degree. Though the earnings differential between college and high school graduates varies over time, college graduates, on average, earn more than high school graduates. According to the Census Bureau, over an adult's working life, high school graduates earn an average of $1.2 million; associate's degree holders earn about $1.6 million; and bachelor's degree holders earn about $2.1 million (Day and Newburger, 2002). These sizeable differences in lifetime earnings put the costs of college study in realistic perspective. Most students todayabout 80 percent of all studentsenroll either in public four- year colleges or in public two-year colleges. According to the U. S. Department of Education report, Think College Early, a full-time student at a public four-year college pays an average of $8,655 for in-state tuition, room, and board (U. S. Department of Education, 2002). A fulltime student in a public two-year college pays an average of $1,359 per year in tuition (U. S. Department of Education, 2002). These statistics support the contention that, though the cost of higher education is significant, given the earnings disparity that exists between those who earn a bachelor's degree and those who do not, the individual rate of return on investment in higher education is sufficiently high to warrant the cost. OTHER BENEFIT! OF HIGHER EDUCATION College graduates also enjoy benefits beyond increased income. A1998 report published by the Institute for Higher Education Policy reviews the individual benefits that college graduates enjoy, including higher levels of saving, increased personal/professional mobility, improved quality of life for their offspring, better consumer decision making, and more hobbies and leisure activities (Institute for Higher Education Policy, 1998). According to a report published by the Carnegie Foundation, nonmonetary individual benefits of higher education include the tendency for postsecondary students to become more open-minded, more cultured, more rational, more consistent, and less authoritarian; these benefits are also passed along to succeeding generations (Rowley and Hurtado, 2002). Additionally, college attendance has been shown to "decrease prejudice, enhance knowledge of world affairs and enhance social status" while increasing economic and job security for those who earn bachelor's degrees (Ibid. ). Research has also consistently shown a positive correlation between completion of higher education and good health, not only for oneself, but also for one's children. In fact, "parental schooling levels (after controlling for differences in earnings) are positively correlated with the health status of their children" and Increased schooling (and higher relative income) are correlated with lower mortality rates for given age brackets" (Cohn and Geske, 1992). THE IOCIAL VALUE OF HIGHER EDUCATION A number of studies have shown a high correlation between higher education and cultural and family values, and economic growth. According to Elchanan Cohn and Terry Geske (1992), there is the tendency for more highly educated women to spend more time with their children; these women tend to use this time to better prepare their children for the future. Cohn and Geske (1992) report that "college graduates appear to have a more optimistic view of their past and future personal progress. " Public benefits of attending college include increased tax revenues, greater workplace productivity, increased consumption, increased workforce flexibility, and decreased reliance on government financial support (Institute for Higher Education Policy, 1998).... CONCLUHON While it is clear that investment in a college degree, especially for those students in the lowest income brackets, is a financial burden, the long-term benefits to individuals as well as to society at large, appear to far outweigh the costs.
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Public colleges cost less than private colleges.
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neutral
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id_6611
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The Vitamin Shoppe: 1,946 part-time openings The Vitamin Shoppe is a New Jersey-based retailer of nutritional supplements. They also operate stores in Canada under the name VitaPath. The company provides approximately 8,000 different SKUs of supplements through its retail stores and over 20,000 different SKUs of supplements through its online retail websites. Employee Review: Good growth opportunities and stores opening all over the US all year round. Company based out of NJ, so more progressive policies on employment and benefits. Good vacation, health, and dental benefits. Payment is above average. Good policies on customer service interaction as well. Focus on Customer service vs. pushing products. Chipotle: 1,553 part-time openings Chipotle is known for its use of organic meats throughout its more than 1,500 restaurants, which are located in 45 states. Since having been founded in 1993, the chain has since exploded and now counts some 37,000 employees. It is a pioneer in the fast casual dining movement. Employee Review: The people I work with are awesome and the food is good. It pays my bills and makes me laugh. The schedule is super flexible but its a lot of work. If youre looking for something easy and laid back, keep looking. Advantage Sales & Marketing: 1,742 part-time openings Advantage Sales & Marketing provides outsourced sales, merchandising, and marketing services to consumer goods and food product manufacturers and suppliers. Owning more than 65 offices in the US and Canada, ASM does merchandising for 1,200 clients including Johnson & Johnson, Mars, Unilever, Energizer. Employee Review: Long lasting business, able to adapt to changes in market. Well-thought out schedule, and flexible time off for both vacation and illness. Universal Protection Service: 1,219 part-time openings Universal Protection Service is one of the largest providers of security services in the U. S. They offer an expansive range of security solutions for airports, healthcare facilities, office buildings, and more. Employee Review: Good pay depending on where you work. Room for advancement based on availability. Better company than any other I have worked for in security. PSA Healthcare: 1,295 part-time openings PSA Healthcare, also known as Paediatric Services of America, provides comprehensive home health services through a branch of office across the United States. The company is headquartered in Atlanta, Ga. Employee Review: I love working one-on-one with the paediatric patient and their families. You have the time needed to give great compassionate care! Office staff and supervisors are very good with both employees and clients. There is a lot of flexibility with staffing. I never received grief for requesting a day off.
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Reviewer of the PSA Healthcare praises its high wages.
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neutral
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id_6612
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The Vitamin Shoppe: 1,946 part-time openings The Vitamin Shoppe is a New Jersey-based retailer of nutritional supplements. They also operate stores in Canada under the name VitaPath. The company provides approximately 8,000 different SKUs of supplements through its retail stores and over 20,000 different SKUs of supplements through its online retail websites. Employee Review: Good growth opportunities and stores opening all over the US all year round. Company based out of NJ, so more progressive policies on employment and benefits. Good vacation, health, and dental benefits. Payment is above average. Good policies on customer service interaction as well. Focus on Customer service vs. pushing products. Chipotle: 1,553 part-time openings Chipotle is known for its use of organic meats throughout its more than 1,500 restaurants, which are located in 45 states. Since having been founded in 1993, the chain has since exploded and now counts some 37,000 employees. It is a pioneer in the fast casual dining movement. Employee Review: The people I work with are awesome and the food is good. It pays my bills and makes me laugh. The schedule is super flexible but its a lot of work. If youre looking for something easy and laid back, keep looking. Advantage Sales & Marketing: 1,742 part-time openings Advantage Sales & Marketing provides outsourced sales, merchandising, and marketing services to consumer goods and food product manufacturers and suppliers. Owning more than 65 offices in the US and Canada, ASM does merchandising for 1,200 clients including Johnson & Johnson, Mars, Unilever, Energizer. Employee Review: Long lasting business, able to adapt to changes in market. Well-thought out schedule, and flexible time off for both vacation and illness. Universal Protection Service: 1,219 part-time openings Universal Protection Service is one of the largest providers of security services in the U. S. They offer an expansive range of security solutions for airports, healthcare facilities, office buildings, and more. Employee Review: Good pay depending on where you work. Room for advancement based on availability. Better company than any other I have worked for in security. PSA Healthcare: 1,295 part-time openings PSA Healthcare, also known as Paediatric Services of America, provides comprehensive home health services through a branch of office across the United States. The company is headquartered in Atlanta, Ga. Employee Review: I love working one-on-one with the paediatric patient and their families. You have the time needed to give great compassionate care! Office staff and supervisors are very good with both employees and clients. There is a lot of flexibility with staffing. I never received grief for requesting a day off.
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None of the offers included an approximate salary in the description.
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entailment
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id_6613
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The Vitamin Shoppe: 1,946 part-time openings The Vitamin Shoppe is a New Jersey-based retailer of nutritional supplements. They also operate stores in Canada under the name VitaPath. The company provides approximately 8,000 different SKUs of supplements through its retail stores and over 20,000 different SKUs of supplements through its online retail websites. Employee Review: Good growth opportunities and stores opening all over the US all year round. Company based out of NJ, so more progressive policies on employment and benefits. Good vacation, health, and dental benefits. Payment is above average. Good policies on customer service interaction as well. Focus on Customer service vs. pushing products. Chipotle: 1,553 part-time openings Chipotle is known for its use of organic meats throughout its more than 1,500 restaurants, which are located in 45 states. Since having been founded in 1993, the chain has since exploded and now counts some 37,000 employees. It is a pioneer in the fast casual dining movement. Employee Review: The people I work with are awesome and the food is good. It pays my bills and makes me laugh. The schedule is super flexible but its a lot of work. If youre looking for something easy and laid back, keep looking. Advantage Sales & Marketing: 1,742 part-time openings Advantage Sales & Marketing provides outsourced sales, merchandising, and marketing services to consumer goods and food product manufacturers and suppliers. Owning more than 65 offices in the US and Canada, ASM does merchandising for 1,200 clients including Johnson & Johnson, Mars, Unilever, Energizer. Employee Review: Long lasting business, able to adapt to changes in market. Well-thought out schedule, and flexible time off for both vacation and illness. Universal Protection Service: 1,219 part-time openings Universal Protection Service is one of the largest providers of security services in the U. S. They offer an expansive range of security solutions for airports, healthcare facilities, office buildings, and more. Employee Review: Good pay depending on where you work. Room for advancement based on availability. Better company than any other I have worked for in security. PSA Healthcare: 1,295 part-time openings PSA Healthcare, also known as Paediatric Services of America, provides comprehensive home health services through a branch of office across the United States. The company is headquartered in Atlanta, Ga. Employee Review: I love working one-on-one with the paediatric patient and their families. You have the time needed to give great compassionate care! Office staff and supervisors are very good with both employees and clients. There is a lot of flexibility with staffing. I never received grief for requesting a day off.
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Advantage Sales & Marketing owns 65 offices all over the world.
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contradiction
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id_6614
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The Vitamin Shoppe: 1,946 part-time openings The Vitamin Shoppe is a New Jersey-based retailer of nutritional supplements. They also operate stores in Canada under the name VitaPath. The company provides approximately 8,000 different SKUs of supplements through its retail stores and over 20,000 different SKUs of supplements through its online retail websites. Employee Review: Good growth opportunities and stores opening all over the US all year round. Company based out of NJ, so more progressive policies on employment and benefits. Good vacation, health, and dental benefits. Payment is above average. Good policies on customer service interaction as well. Focus on Customer service vs. pushing products. Chipotle: 1,553 part-time openings Chipotle is known for its use of organic meats throughout its more than 1,500 restaurants, which are located in 45 states. Since having been founded in 1993, the chain has since exploded and now counts some 37,000 employees. It is a pioneer in the fast casual dining movement. Employee Review: The people I work with are awesome and the food is good. It pays my bills and makes me laugh. The schedule is super flexible but its a lot of work. If youre looking for something easy and laid back, keep looking. Advantage Sales & Marketing: 1,742 part-time openings Advantage Sales & Marketing provides outsourced sales, merchandising, and marketing services to consumer goods and food product manufacturers and suppliers. Owning more than 65 offices in the US and Canada, ASM does merchandising for 1,200 clients including Johnson & Johnson, Mars, Unilever, Energizer. Employee Review: Long lasting business, able to adapt to changes in market. Well-thought out schedule, and flexible time off for both vacation and illness. Universal Protection Service: 1,219 part-time openings Universal Protection Service is one of the largest providers of security services in the U. S. They offer an expansive range of security solutions for airports, healthcare facilities, office buildings, and more. Employee Review: Good pay depending on where you work. Room for advancement based on availability. Better company than any other I have worked for in security. PSA Healthcare: 1,295 part-time openings PSA Healthcare, also known as Paediatric Services of America, provides comprehensive home health services through a branch of office across the United States. The company is headquartered in Atlanta, Ga. Employee Review: I love working one-on-one with the paediatric patient and their families. You have the time needed to give great compassionate care! Office staff and supervisors are very good with both employees and clients. There is a lot of flexibility with staffing. I never received grief for requesting a day off.
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The Vitamin Shoppe has an above average salary, according to the review.
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entailment
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id_6615
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The Vitamin Shoppe: 1,946 part-time openings The Vitamin Shoppe is a New Jersey-based retailer of nutritional supplements. They also operate stores in Canada under the name VitaPath. The company provides approximately 8,000 different SKUs of supplements through its retail stores and over 20,000 different SKUs of supplements through its online retail websites. Employee Review: Good growth opportunities and stores opening all over the US all year round. Company based out of NJ, so more progressive policies on employment and benefits. Good vacation, health, and dental benefits. Payment is above average. Good policies on customer service interaction as well. Focus on Customer service vs. pushing products. Chipotle: 1,553 part-time openings Chipotle is known for its use of organic meats throughout its more than 1,500 restaurants, which are located in 45 states. Since having been founded in 1993, the chain has since exploded and now counts some 37,000 employees. It is a pioneer in the fast casual dining movement. Employee Review: The people I work with are awesome and the food is good. It pays my bills and makes me laugh. The schedule is super flexible but its a lot of work. If youre looking for something easy and laid back, keep looking. Advantage Sales & Marketing: 1,742 part-time openings Advantage Sales & Marketing provides outsourced sales, merchandising, and marketing services to consumer goods and food product manufacturers and suppliers. Owning more than 65 offices in the US and Canada, ASM does merchandising for 1,200 clients including Johnson & Johnson, Mars, Unilever, Energizer. Employee Review: Long lasting business, able to adapt to changes in market. Well-thought out schedule, and flexible time off for both vacation and illness. Universal Protection Service: 1,219 part-time openings Universal Protection Service is one of the largest providers of security services in the U. S. They offer an expansive range of security solutions for airports, healthcare facilities, office buildings, and more. Employee Review: Good pay depending on where you work. Room for advancement based on availability. Better company than any other I have worked for in security. PSA Healthcare: 1,295 part-time openings PSA Healthcare, also known as Paediatric Services of America, provides comprehensive home health services through a branch of office across the United States. The company is headquartered in Atlanta, Ga. Employee Review: I love working one-on-one with the paediatric patient and their families. You have the time needed to give great compassionate care! Office staff and supervisors are very good with both employees and clients. There is a lot of flexibility with staffing. I never received grief for requesting a day off.
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Reviewer of the company Chipotle says that working there is both fun and earns enough money.
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entailment
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id_6616
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The Vitamin Shoppe: 1,946 part-time openings The Vitamin Shoppe is a New Jersey-based retailer of nutritional supplements. They also operate stores in Canada under the name VitaPath. The company provides approximately 8,000 different SKUs of supplements through its retail stores and over 20,000 different SKUs of supplements through its online retail websites. Employee Review: Good growth opportunities and stores opening all over the US all year round. Company based out of NJ, so more progressive policies on employment and benefits. Good vacation, health, and dental benefits. Payment is above average. Good policies on customer service interaction as well. Focus on Customer service vs. pushing products. Chipotle: 1,553 part-time openings Chipotle is known for its use of organic meats throughout its more than 1,500 restaurants, which are located in 45 states. Since having been founded in 1993, the chain has since exploded and now counts some 37,000 employees. It is a pioneer in the fast casual dining movement. Employee Review: The people I work with are awesome and the food is good. It pays my bills and makes me laugh. The schedule is super flexible but its a lot of work. If youre looking for something easy and laid back, keep looking. Advantage Sales & Marketing: 1,742 part-time openings Advantage Sales & Marketing provides outsourced sales, merchandising, and marketing services to consumer goods and food product manufacturers and suppliers. Owning more than 65 offices in the US and Canada, ASM does merchandising for 1,200 clients including Johnson & Johnson, Mars, Unilever, Energizer. Employee Review: Long lasting business, able to adapt to changes in market. Well-thought out schedule, and flexible time off for both vacation and illness. Universal Protection Service: 1,219 part-time openings Universal Protection Service is one of the largest providers of security services in the U. S. They offer an expansive range of security solutions for airports, healthcare facilities, office buildings, and more. Employee Review: Good pay depending on where you work. Room for advancement based on availability. Better company than any other I have worked for in security. PSA Healthcare: 1,295 part-time openings PSA Healthcare, also known as Paediatric Services of America, provides comprehensive home health services through a branch of office across the United States. The company is headquartered in Atlanta, Ga. Employee Review: I love working one-on-one with the paediatric patient and their families. You have the time needed to give great compassionate care! Office staff and supervisors are very good with both employees and clients. There is a lot of flexibility with staffing. I never received grief for requesting a day off.
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Universal Protection Service offers various security services in the USA.
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entailment
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id_6617
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The accidental rainforest When PeterOsbeck. a Swedish priest, stopped off at the mid-Atlantic island of Ascension in 1752 on his way home from China, he wrote of a heap of ruinous rocks with a bare, white mountain in the middle. All it boasted was a couple of dozen species of plant, most of them ferns and some of them unique to the island. And so it might have remained. But in 1843 British plant collector Joseph Hooker made a brief call on his return from Antarctica. Surveying the bare earth, he concluded that the island had suffered some natural calamity that had denuded it of vegetation and triggered a decline in rainfall that was turning the place into a desert. The British Navy, which by then maintained a garrison on the island, was keen to improve the place and asked Hookers advice. He suggested an ambitious scheme for planting trees and shrubs that would revive rainfall and stimulate a wider ecological recovery. And, perhaps lacking anything else to do, the sailors set to with a will. In 1845, a naval transport ship from Argentina delivered a batch of seedlings. In the following years, more than 200 species of plant arrived from South Africa, from England came 700 packets of seeds, including those of two species that especially liked the place: bamboo and prickly pear. With sailors planting several thousand trees a year, the bare white mountain was soon cloaked in green and renamed Green Mountain, and by the early twentieth century the mountains slopes were covered with a variety of trees and shrubs from all over the world. Modern ecologists throw up their hands in horror at what they see as Hookers environmental anarchy. The exotic species wrecked the indigenous ecosystem, squeezing out the islands endemic plants. In fact. Hooker knew well enough what might happen. However, he saw greater benefit in improving rainfall and encouraging more prolific vegetation on the island. But there is a much deeper issue here than the relative benefits of sparse endemic species versus luxuriant imported ones. And as botanist David Wilkinson of Liverpool John Moores University in the UK pointed out after a recent visit to the island, it goes to the heart of some of the most dearly held tenets of ecology. Conservationists understandable concern for the fate of Ascensions handful of unique species has, he says, blinded them to something quite astonishing the fact that the introduced species have been a roaring success. Todays Green Mountain, says Wilkinson, is a fully functioning man-made tropical cloud forest that has grown from scratch from a ragbag of species collected more or less at random from all over the planet. But how could it have happened? Conventional ecological theory says that complex ecosystems such as cloud forests can emerge only through evolutionary processes in which each organism develops in concert with others to fill particular niches. Plants evolve with their pollinators and seed dispersers, while microbes in the soil evolve to deal with the leaf litter. But thats not what happened on Green Mountain. And the experience suggests that perhaps natural rainforests are constructed far more by chance than by evolution. Species, say some ecologists, dont so much evolve to create ecosystems as make the best of what they have. The Green Mountain system is a man-made system that has produced a tropical rainforest without any co-evolution between its constituent species, says Wilkinson. Not everyone agrees. Alan Gray, an ecologist at the University of Edinburgh in the UK. argues that the surviving endemic species on Green Mountain, though small in number, may still form the framework of the new ecosystem. The new arrivals may just be an adornment, with little structural importance for the ecosystem. But to Wilkinson this sounds like clutching at straws. And the idea of the instant formation of rainforests sounds increasingly plausible as research reveals that supposedly pristine tropical rainforests from the Amazon to south-east Asia may in places be little more titan the overgrown gardens of past rainforest civilisations. The most surprising thing of all is that no ecologists have thought to conduct proper research into this human-made rainforest ecosystem. A survey of the islands flora conducted six years ago by the University of Edinburgh was concerned only with endemic species. They characterised everything else as a threat. And the Ascension authorities are currently turning Green Mountain into a national park where introduced species, at least the invasive ones, are earmarked for culling rather than conservation. Conservationists have understandable concerns, Wilkinson says. At least four endemic species have gone extinct on Ascension since the exotics started arriving. But in their urgency to protect endemics, ecologists are missing out on the study of a great enigma. As you walk through the forest, you see lots of leaves that have had chunks taken out of them by various insects. There are caterpillars and beetles around. says Wilkinson. But where did they come from? Are they endemic or alien? If alien, did they come with the plant on which they feed or discover it on arrival? Such questions go to the heart of how- rainforests happen. The Green Mountain forest holds many secrets. And the irony is that the most artificial rainforest in the world could tell us more about rainforest ecology than any number of natural forests.
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The natural vegetation on the island contained some species which were found nowhere else.
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entailment
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id_6618
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The accidental rainforest When PeterOsbeck. a Swedish priest, stopped off at the mid-Atlantic island of Ascension in 1752 on his way home from China, he wrote of a heap of ruinous rocks with a bare, white mountain in the middle. All it boasted was a couple of dozen species of plant, most of them ferns and some of them unique to the island. And so it might have remained. But in 1843 British plant collector Joseph Hooker made a brief call on his return from Antarctica. Surveying the bare earth, he concluded that the island had suffered some natural calamity that had denuded it of vegetation and triggered a decline in rainfall that was turning the place into a desert. The British Navy, which by then maintained a garrison on the island, was keen to improve the place and asked Hookers advice. He suggested an ambitious scheme for planting trees and shrubs that would revive rainfall and stimulate a wider ecological recovery. And, perhaps lacking anything else to do, the sailors set to with a will. In 1845, a naval transport ship from Argentina delivered a batch of seedlings. In the following years, more than 200 species of plant arrived from South Africa, from England came 700 packets of seeds, including those of two species that especially liked the place: bamboo and prickly pear. With sailors planting several thousand trees a year, the bare white mountain was soon cloaked in green and renamed Green Mountain, and by the early twentieth century the mountains slopes were covered with a variety of trees and shrubs from all over the world. Modern ecologists throw up their hands in horror at what they see as Hookers environmental anarchy. The exotic species wrecked the indigenous ecosystem, squeezing out the islands endemic plants. In fact. Hooker knew well enough what might happen. However, he saw greater benefit in improving rainfall and encouraging more prolific vegetation on the island. But there is a much deeper issue here than the relative benefits of sparse endemic species versus luxuriant imported ones. And as botanist David Wilkinson of Liverpool John Moores University in the UK pointed out after a recent visit to the island, it goes to the heart of some of the most dearly held tenets of ecology. Conservationists understandable concern for the fate of Ascensions handful of unique species has, he says, blinded them to something quite astonishing the fact that the introduced species have been a roaring success. Todays Green Mountain, says Wilkinson, is a fully functioning man-made tropical cloud forest that has grown from scratch from a ragbag of species collected more or less at random from all over the planet. But how could it have happened? Conventional ecological theory says that complex ecosystems such as cloud forests can emerge only through evolutionary processes in which each organism develops in concert with others to fill particular niches. Plants evolve with their pollinators and seed dispersers, while microbes in the soil evolve to deal with the leaf litter. But thats not what happened on Green Mountain. And the experience suggests that perhaps natural rainforests are constructed far more by chance than by evolution. Species, say some ecologists, dont so much evolve to create ecosystems as make the best of what they have. The Green Mountain system is a man-made system that has produced a tropical rainforest without any co-evolution between its constituent species, says Wilkinson. Not everyone agrees. Alan Gray, an ecologist at the University of Edinburgh in the UK. argues that the surviving endemic species on Green Mountain, though small in number, may still form the framework of the new ecosystem. The new arrivals may just be an adornment, with little structural importance for the ecosystem. But to Wilkinson this sounds like clutching at straws. And the idea of the instant formation of rainforests sounds increasingly plausible as research reveals that supposedly pristine tropical rainforests from the Amazon to south-east Asia may in places be little more titan the overgrown gardens of past rainforest civilisations. The most surprising thing of all is that no ecologists have thought to conduct proper research into this human-made rainforest ecosystem. A survey of the islands flora conducted six years ago by the University of Edinburgh was concerned only with endemic species. They characterised everything else as a threat. And the Ascension authorities are currently turning Green Mountain into a national park where introduced species, at least the invasive ones, are earmarked for culling rather than conservation. Conservationists have understandable concerns, Wilkinson says. At least four endemic species have gone extinct on Ascension since the exotics started arriving. But in their urgency to protect endemics, ecologists are missing out on the study of a great enigma. As you walk through the forest, you see lots of leaves that have had chunks taken out of them by various insects. There are caterpillars and beetles around. says Wilkinson. But where did they come from? Are they endemic or alien? If alien, did they come with the plant on which they feed or discover it on arrival? Such questions go to the heart of how- rainforests happen. The Green Mountain forest holds many secrets. And the irony is that the most artificial rainforest in the world could tell us more about rainforest ecology than any number of natural forests.
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Hooker sent details of his planting scheme to a number of different countries.
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neutral
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id_6619
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The accidental rainforest When PeterOsbeck. a Swedish priest, stopped off at the mid-Atlantic island of Ascension in 1752 on his way home from China, he wrote of a heap of ruinous rocks with a bare, white mountain in the middle. All it boasted was a couple of dozen species of plant, most of them ferns and some of them unique to the island. And so it might have remained. But in 1843 British plant collector Joseph Hooker made a brief call on his return from Antarctica. Surveying the bare earth, he concluded that the island had suffered some natural calamity that had denuded it of vegetation and triggered a decline in rainfall that was turning the place into a desert. The British Navy, which by then maintained a garrison on the island, was keen to improve the place and asked Hookers advice. He suggested an ambitious scheme for planting trees and shrubs that would revive rainfall and stimulate a wider ecological recovery. And, perhaps lacking anything else to do, the sailors set to with a will. In 1845, a naval transport ship from Argentina delivered a batch of seedlings. In the following years, more than 200 species of plant arrived from South Africa, from England came 700 packets of seeds, including those of two species that especially liked the place: bamboo and prickly pear. With sailors planting several thousand trees a year, the bare white mountain was soon cloaked in green and renamed Green Mountain, and by the early twentieth century the mountains slopes were covered with a variety of trees and shrubs from all over the world. Modern ecologists throw up their hands in horror at what they see as Hookers environmental anarchy. The exotic species wrecked the indigenous ecosystem, squeezing out the islands endemic plants. In fact. Hooker knew well enough what might happen. However, he saw greater benefit in improving rainfall and encouraging more prolific vegetation on the island. But there is a much deeper issue here than the relative benefits of sparse endemic species versus luxuriant imported ones. And as botanist David Wilkinson of Liverpool John Moores University in the UK pointed out after a recent visit to the island, it goes to the heart of some of the most dearly held tenets of ecology. Conservationists understandable concern for the fate of Ascensions handful of unique species has, he says, blinded them to something quite astonishing the fact that the introduced species have been a roaring success. Todays Green Mountain, says Wilkinson, is a fully functioning man-made tropical cloud forest that has grown from scratch from a ragbag of species collected more or less at random from all over the planet. But how could it have happened? Conventional ecological theory says that complex ecosystems such as cloud forests can emerge only through evolutionary processes in which each organism develops in concert with others to fill particular niches. Plants evolve with their pollinators and seed dispersers, while microbes in the soil evolve to deal with the leaf litter. But thats not what happened on Green Mountain. And the experience suggests that perhaps natural rainforests are constructed far more by chance than by evolution. Species, say some ecologists, dont so much evolve to create ecosystems as make the best of what they have. The Green Mountain system is a man-made system that has produced a tropical rainforest without any co-evolution between its constituent species, says Wilkinson. Not everyone agrees. Alan Gray, an ecologist at the University of Edinburgh in the UK. argues that the surviving endemic species on Green Mountain, though small in number, may still form the framework of the new ecosystem. The new arrivals may just be an adornment, with little structural importance for the ecosystem. But to Wilkinson this sounds like clutching at straws. And the idea of the instant formation of rainforests sounds increasingly plausible as research reveals that supposedly pristine tropical rainforests from the Amazon to south-east Asia may in places be little more titan the overgrown gardens of past rainforest civilisations. The most surprising thing of all is that no ecologists have thought to conduct proper research into this human-made rainforest ecosystem. A survey of the islands flora conducted six years ago by the University of Edinburgh was concerned only with endemic species. They characterised everything else as a threat. And the Ascension authorities are currently turning Green Mountain into a national park where introduced species, at least the invasive ones, are earmarked for culling rather than conservation. Conservationists have understandable concerns, Wilkinson says. At least four endemic species have gone extinct on Ascension since the exotics started arriving. But in their urgency to protect endemics, ecologists are missing out on the study of a great enigma. As you walk through the forest, you see lots of leaves that have had chunks taken out of them by various insects. There are caterpillars and beetles around. says Wilkinson. But where did they come from? Are they endemic or alien? If alien, did they come with the plant on which they feed or discover it on arrival? Such questions go to the heart of how- rainforests happen. The Green Mountain forest holds many secrets. And the irony is that the most artificial rainforest in the world could tell us more about rainforest ecology than any number of natural forests.
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The bamboo and prickly pear seeds sent from England were unsuitable for Ascension.
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contradiction
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id_6620
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The accidental rainforest When PeterOsbeck. a Swedish priest, stopped off at the mid-Atlantic island of Ascension in 1752 on his way home from China, he wrote of a heap of ruinous rocks with a bare, white mountain in the middle. All it boasted was a couple of dozen species of plant, most of them ferns and some of them unique to the island. And so it might have remained. But in 1843 British plant collector Joseph Hooker made a brief call on his return from Antarctica. Surveying the bare earth, he concluded that the island had suffered some natural calamity that had denuded it of vegetation and triggered a decline in rainfall that was turning the place into a desert. The British Navy, which by then maintained a garrison on the island, was keen to improve the place and asked Hookers advice. He suggested an ambitious scheme for planting trees and shrubs that would revive rainfall and stimulate a wider ecological recovery. And, perhaps lacking anything else to do, the sailors set to with a will. In 1845, a naval transport ship from Argentina delivered a batch of seedlings. In the following years, more than 200 species of plant arrived from South Africa, from England came 700 packets of seeds, including those of two species that especially liked the place: bamboo and prickly pear. With sailors planting several thousand trees a year, the bare white mountain was soon cloaked in green and renamed Green Mountain, and by the early twentieth century the mountains slopes were covered with a variety of trees and shrubs from all over the world. Modern ecologists throw up their hands in horror at what they see as Hookers environmental anarchy. The exotic species wrecked the indigenous ecosystem, squeezing out the islands endemic plants. In fact. Hooker knew well enough what might happen. However, he saw greater benefit in improving rainfall and encouraging more prolific vegetation on the island. But there is a much deeper issue here than the relative benefits of sparse endemic species versus luxuriant imported ones. And as botanist David Wilkinson of Liverpool John Moores University in the UK pointed out after a recent visit to the island, it goes to the heart of some of the most dearly held tenets of ecology. Conservationists understandable concern for the fate of Ascensions handful of unique species has, he says, blinded them to something quite astonishing the fact that the introduced species have been a roaring success. Todays Green Mountain, says Wilkinson, is a fully functioning man-made tropical cloud forest that has grown from scratch from a ragbag of species collected more or less at random from all over the planet. But how could it have happened? Conventional ecological theory says that complex ecosystems such as cloud forests can emerge only through evolutionary processes in which each organism develops in concert with others to fill particular niches. Plants evolve with their pollinators and seed dispersers, while microbes in the soil evolve to deal with the leaf litter. But thats not what happened on Green Mountain. And the experience suggests that perhaps natural rainforests are constructed far more by chance than by evolution. Species, say some ecologists, dont so much evolve to create ecosystems as make the best of what they have. The Green Mountain system is a man-made system that has produced a tropical rainforest without any co-evolution between its constituent species, says Wilkinson. Not everyone agrees. Alan Gray, an ecologist at the University of Edinburgh in the UK. argues that the surviving endemic species on Green Mountain, though small in number, may still form the framework of the new ecosystem. The new arrivals may just be an adornment, with little structural importance for the ecosystem. But to Wilkinson this sounds like clutching at straws. And the idea of the instant formation of rainforests sounds increasingly plausible as research reveals that supposedly pristine tropical rainforests from the Amazon to south-east Asia may in places be little more titan the overgrown gardens of past rainforest civilisations. The most surprising thing of all is that no ecologists have thought to conduct proper research into this human-made rainforest ecosystem. A survey of the islands flora conducted six years ago by the University of Edinburgh was concerned only with endemic species. They characterised everything else as a threat. And the Ascension authorities are currently turning Green Mountain into a national park where introduced species, at least the invasive ones, are earmarked for culling rather than conservation. Conservationists have understandable concerns, Wilkinson says. At least four endemic species have gone extinct on Ascension since the exotics started arriving. But in their urgency to protect endemics, ecologists are missing out on the study of a great enigma. As you walk through the forest, you see lots of leaves that have had chunks taken out of them by various insects. There are caterpillars and beetles around. says Wilkinson. But where did they come from? Are they endemic or alien? If alien, did they come with the plant on which they feed or discover it on arrival? Such questions go to the heart of how- rainforests happen. The Green Mountain forest holds many secrets. And the irony is that the most artificial rainforest in the world could tell us more about rainforest ecology than any number of natural forests.
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British sailors on the island took part in a major tree planting project.
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entailment
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id_6621
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The accidental rainforest When PeterOsbeck. a Swedish priest, stopped off at the mid-Atlantic island of Ascension in 1752 on his way home from China, he wrote of a heap of ruinous rocks with a bare, white mountain in the middle. All it boasted was a couple of dozen species of plant, most of them ferns and some of them unique to the island. And so it might have remained. But in 1843 British plant collector Joseph Hooker made a brief call on his return from Antarctica. Surveying the bare earth, he concluded that the island had suffered some natural calamity that had denuded it of vegetation and triggered a decline in rainfall that was turning the place into a desert. The British Navy, which by then maintained a garrison on the island, was keen to improve the place and asked Hookers advice. He suggested an ambitious scheme for planting trees and shrubs that would revive rainfall and stimulate a wider ecological recovery. And, perhaps lacking anything else to do, the sailors set to with a will. In 1845, a naval transport ship from Argentina delivered a batch of seedlings. In the following years, more than 200 species of plant arrived from South Africa, from England came 700 packets of seeds, including those of two species that especially liked the place: bamboo and prickly pear. With sailors planting several thousand trees a year, the bare white mountain was soon cloaked in green and renamed Green Mountain, and by the early twentieth century the mountains slopes were covered with a variety of trees and shrubs from all over the world. Modern ecologists throw up their hands in horror at what they see as Hookers environmental anarchy. The exotic species wrecked the indigenous ecosystem, squeezing out the islands endemic plants. In fact. Hooker knew well enough what might happen. However, he saw greater benefit in improving rainfall and encouraging more prolific vegetation on the island. But there is a much deeper issue here than the relative benefits of sparse endemic species versus luxuriant imported ones. And as botanist David Wilkinson of Liverpool John Moores University in the UK pointed out after a recent visit to the island, it goes to the heart of some of the most dearly held tenets of ecology. Conservationists understandable concern for the fate of Ascensions handful of unique species has, he says, blinded them to something quite astonishing the fact that the introduced species have been a roaring success. Todays Green Mountain, says Wilkinson, is a fully functioning man-made tropical cloud forest that has grown from scratch from a ragbag of species collected more or less at random from all over the planet. But how could it have happened? Conventional ecological theory says that complex ecosystems such as cloud forests can emerge only through evolutionary processes in which each organism develops in concert with others to fill particular niches. Plants evolve with their pollinators and seed dispersers, while microbes in the soil evolve to deal with the leaf litter. But thats not what happened on Green Mountain. And the experience suggests that perhaps natural rainforests are constructed far more by chance than by evolution. Species, say some ecologists, dont so much evolve to create ecosystems as make the best of what they have. The Green Mountain system is a man-made system that has produced a tropical rainforest without any co-evolution between its constituent species, says Wilkinson. Not everyone agrees. Alan Gray, an ecologist at the University of Edinburgh in the UK. argues that the surviving endemic species on Green Mountain, though small in number, may still form the framework of the new ecosystem. The new arrivals may just be an adornment, with little structural importance for the ecosystem. But to Wilkinson this sounds like clutching at straws. And the idea of the instant formation of rainforests sounds increasingly plausible as research reveals that supposedly pristine tropical rainforests from the Amazon to south-east Asia may in places be little more titan the overgrown gardens of past rainforest civilisations. The most surprising thing of all is that no ecologists have thought to conduct proper research into this human-made rainforest ecosystem. A survey of the islands flora conducted six years ago by the University of Edinburgh was concerned only with endemic species. They characterised everything else as a threat. And the Ascension authorities are currently turning Green Mountain into a national park where introduced species, at least the invasive ones, are earmarked for culling rather than conservation. Conservationists have understandable concerns, Wilkinson says. At least four endemic species have gone extinct on Ascension since the exotics started arriving. But in their urgency to protect endemics, ecologists are missing out on the study of a great enigma. As you walk through the forest, you see lots of leaves that have had chunks taken out of them by various insects. There are caterpillars and beetles around. says Wilkinson. But where did they come from? Are they endemic or alien? If alien, did they come with the plant on which they feed or discover it on arrival? Such questions go to the heart of how- rainforests happen. The Green Mountain forest holds many secrets. And the irony is that the most artificial rainforest in the world could tell us more about rainforest ecology than any number of natural forests.
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Joseph Hooker assumed that human activity had caused the decline in the islands plant life.
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contradiction
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id_6622
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The accidental rainforest When PeterOsbeck. a Swedish priest, stopped off at the mid-Atlantic island of Ascension in 1752 on his way home from China, he wrote of a heap of ruinous rocks with a bare, white mountain in the middle. All it boasted was a couple of dozen species of plant, most of them ferns and some of them unique to the island. And so it might have remained. But in 1843 British plant collector Joseph Hooker made a brief call on his return from Antarctica. Surveying the bare earth, he concluded that the island had suffered some natural calamity that had denuded it of vegetation and triggered a decline in rainfall that was turning the place into a desert. The British Navy, which by then maintained a garrison on the island, was keen to improve the place and asked Hookers advice. He suggested an ambitious scheme for planting trees and shrubs that would revive rainfall and stimulate a wider ecological recovery. And, perhaps lacking anything else to do, the sailors set to with a will. In 1845, a naval transport ship from Argentina delivered a batch of seedlings. In the following years, more than 200 species of plant arrived from South Africa, from England came 700 packets of seeds, including those of two species that especially liked the place: bamboo and prickly pear. With sailors planting several thousand trees a year, the bare white mountain was soon cloaked in green and renamed Green Mountain, and by the early twentieth century the mountains slopes were covered with a variety of trees and shrubs from all over the world. Modern ecologists throw up their hands in horror at what they see as Hookers environmental anarchy. The exotic species wrecked the indigenous ecosystem, squeezing out the islands endemic plants. In fact. Hooker knew well enough what might happen. However, he saw greater benefit in improving rainfall and encouraging more prolific vegetation on the island. But there is a much deeper issue here than the relative benefits of sparse endemic species versus luxuriant imported ones. And as botanist David Wilkinson of Liverpool John Moores University in the UK pointed out after a recent visit to the island, it goes to the heart of some of the most dearly held tenets of ecology. Conservationists understandable concern for the fate of Ascensions handful of unique species has, he says, blinded them to something quite astonishing the fact that the introduced species have been a roaring success. Todays Green Mountain, says Wilkinson, is a fully functioning man-made tropical cloud forest that has grown from scratch from a ragbag of species collected more or less at random from all over the planet. But how could it have happened? Conventional ecological theory says that complex ecosystems such as cloud forests can emerge only through evolutionary processes in which each organism develops in concert with others to fill particular niches. Plants evolve with their pollinators and seed dispersers, while microbes in the soil evolve to deal with the leaf litter. But thats not what happened on Green Mountain. And the experience suggests that perhaps natural rainforests are constructed far more by chance than by evolution. Species, say some ecologists, dont so much evolve to create ecosystems as make the best of what they have. The Green Mountain system is a man-made system that has produced a tropical rainforest without any co-evolution between its constituent species, says Wilkinson. Not everyone agrees. Alan Gray, an ecologist at the University of Edinburgh in the UK. argues that the surviving endemic species on Green Mountain, though small in number, may still form the framework of the new ecosystem. The new arrivals may just be an adornment, with little structural importance for the ecosystem. But to Wilkinson this sounds like clutching at straws. And the idea of the instant formation of rainforests sounds increasingly plausible as research reveals that supposedly pristine tropical rainforests from the Amazon to south-east Asia may in places be little more titan the overgrown gardens of past rainforest civilisations. The most surprising thing of all is that no ecologists have thought to conduct proper research into this human-made rainforest ecosystem. A survey of the islands flora conducted six years ago by the University of Edinburgh was concerned only with endemic species. They characterised everything else as a threat. And the Ascension authorities are currently turning Green Mountain into a national park where introduced species, at least the invasive ones, are earmarked for culling rather than conservation. Conservationists have understandable concerns, Wilkinson says. At least four endemic species have gone extinct on Ascension since the exotics started arriving. But in their urgency to protect endemics, ecologists are missing out on the study of a great enigma. As you walk through the forest, you see lots of leaves that have had chunks taken out of them by various insects. There are caterpillars and beetles around. says Wilkinson. But where did they come from? Are they endemic or alien? If alien, did they come with the plant on which they feed or discover it on arrival? Such questions go to the heart of how- rainforests happen. The Green Mountain forest holds many secrets. And the irony is that the most artificial rainforest in the world could tell us more about rainforest ecology than any number of natural forests.
|
When Peter Osbeck visited Ascension, he found no inhabitants on the island.
|
neutral
|
id_6623
|
The adoption and application of performance management methods requires many different changes in behavior and attitudes up and down the organization. These methods are not merely techniques; they are ways of life and a philosophy of management. Thus the introduction of performance management systems must come as part of an organizations commitment to change its culture. Only top management commitment to a new way of managing, often triggered by a crisis, can support such a massive undertaking.
|
The adoption of performance management methods of itself will create changes in behavior and attitudes.
|
contradiction
|
id_6624
|
The adoption and application of performance management methods requires many different changes in behavior and attitudes up and down the organization. These methods are not merely techniques; they are ways of life and a philosophy of management. Thus the introduction of performance management systems must come as part of an organizations commitment to change its culture. Only top management commitment to a new way of managing, often triggered by a crisis, can support such a massive undertaking.
|
The support of top managers is essential in changing organizational culture.
|
entailment
|
id_6625
|
The adoption and application of performance management methods requires many different changes in behavior and attitudes up and down the organization. These methods are not merely techniques; they are ways of life and a philosophy of management. Thus the introduction of performance management systems must come as part of an organizations commitment to change its culture. Only top management commitment to a new way of managing, often triggered by a crisis, can support such a massive undertaking.
|
Using performance management systems for the first time requires minimal adaptations on the part of the organization concerned.
|
neutral
|
id_6626
|
The adoption and application of performance management methods requires many different changes in behaviour and attitudes up and down the organisation. These methods are not merely techniques; they are ways of life and a philosophy of management. Thus the introduction of performance management systems must come as part of an organisation s commitment to change its culture. Only top management commitment to a new way of managing, often triggered by a crisis, can support such a massive undertaking.
|
The support of top managers is essential in changing organisational culture.
|
entailment
|
id_6627
|
The adoption and application of performance management methods requires many different changes in behaviour and attitudes up and down the organisation. These methods are not merely techniques; they are ways of life and a philosophy of management. Thus the introduction of performance management systems must come as part of an organisation s commitment to change its culture. Only top management commitment to a new way of managing, often triggered by a crisis, can support such a massive undertaking.
|
The adoption of performance management methods of itself will create changes in behaviour and attitudes.
|
contradiction
|
id_6628
|
The adoption and application of performance management methods requires many different changes in behaviour and attitudes up and down the organisation. These methods are not merely techniques; they are ways of life and a philosophy of management. Thus the introduction of performance management systems must come as part of an organisation s commitment to change its culture. Only top management commitment to a new way of managing, often triggered by a crisis, can support such a massive undertaking.
|
Using performance management systems for the first time requires minimal adaptations on the part of the organisation concerned.
|
neutral
|
id_6629
|
The airline industry has always acknowledged first-aid training to be imperative for their staff, but with the ever increasing numbers of people to whom air travel is becoming accessible, airline staff will need to be even more alert and better equipped to deal with any medical emergency that may arise. Flight attendants must be able to identify the details and severity of the crisis, and administer first-aid calmly and effectively. To ensure that these requirements are met, regular first-aid courses and emergency procedure drills have become common practice in the majority of airline companies. This on-going training has meant that airline staff can react with even greater lucidity, composure and meticulousness than ever before.
|
Regular first-aid training has equipped airline staff to react more quickly.
|
neutral
|
id_6630
|
The airline industry has always acknowledged first-aid training to be imperative for their staff, but with the ever increasing numbers of people to whom air travel is becoming accessible, airline staff will need to be even more alert and better equipped to deal with any medical emergency that may arise. Flight attendants must be able to identify the details and severity of the crisis, and administer first-aid calmly and effectively. To ensure that these requirements are met, regular first-aid courses and emergency procedure drills have become common practice in the majority of airline companies. This on-going training has meant that airline staff can react with even greater lucidity, composure and meticulousness than ever before.
|
The entire airline industry has adopted the practice of regular first-aid training for their staff.
|
contradiction
|
id_6631
|
The airline industry has always acknowledged first-aid training to be imperative for their staff, but with the ever increasing numbers of people to whom air travel is becoming accessible, airline staff will need to be even more alert and better equipped to deal with any medical emergency that may arise. Flight attendants must be able to identify the details and severity of the crisis, and administer first-aid calmly and effectively. To ensure that these requirements are met, regular first-aid courses and emergency procedure drills have become common practice in the majority of airline companies. This on-going training has meant that airline staff can react with even greater lucidity, composure and meticulousness than ever before.
|
In the past, to fly was not as viable a means of travel as its today.
|
entailment
|
id_6632
|
The airline industry has always acknowledged first-aid training to be imperative for their staff, but with the ever increasing numbers of people to whom air travel is becoming accessible, airline staff will need to be even more alert and better equipped to deal with any medical emergency that may arise. Flight attendants must be able to identify the details and severity of the crisis, and administer first-aid calmly and effectively. To ensure that these requirements are met, regular first-aid courses and emergency procedure drills have become common practice in the majority of airline companies. This on-going training has meant that airline staff can react with even greater lucidity, composure and meticulousness than ever before.
|
An increasing amount of people need first-aid from air staff.
|
neutral
|
id_6633
|
The airline industry has always acknowledged first-aid training to be imperative for their staff, but with the ever increasing numbers of people to whom air travel is becoming accessible, airline staff will need to be even more alert and better equipped to deal with any medical emergency that may arise. Flight attendants must be able to identify the details and severity of the crisis, and administer first-aid calmly and effectively. To ensure that these requirements are met, regular first-aid courses and emergency procedure drills have become common practice in the majority of airline companies. This on-going training has meant that airline staff can react with even greater lucidity, composure and meticulousness than ever before.
|
The airline industry will benefit a great deal from the additional training of their flight staff.
|
neutral
|
id_6634
|
The airline industry has always acknowledged first-aid training to be imperative for their staff, but with the ever increasing numbers of people to whom air travel is becoming accessible, airline staff will need to be even more alert and better equipped to deal with any medical emergency that may arise. Flight attendants must be able to identify the details and severity of the crisis, and administer first-aid calmly and effectively. To ensure that these requirements are met, regular first-aid courses and emergency procedure drills have become common practice in the majority of airline companies. This on-going training has meant that airline staff can react with even greater lucidity, composure and meticulousness than ever before.
|
Flight attendants must be able to identify their first-aid training requirements.
|
contradiction
|
id_6635
|
The ambulance service estimates that as many as 500 lives are lost because of the slower emergency response times caused by road humps. Some claim that road humps, or sleeping policemen as they are sometimes called, cost more lives than are saved as a result of the traffic being slowed. Critics of road humps also claim thatVerbal Reasoning they cause more pollution as drivers repeatedly slow down and speed up and that they cause more congestion by disrupting the flow of traffic. Residents complain of the noise of cars crossing them and accelerating away from them. Some of these claims run counter to published research which shows that road humps cause average speeds to drop by 10 mph and as a result save lives. Since 1980 and the widespread introduction of road humps, figures show that the level of deaths and serious injury fell by 60 per cent.
|
The passage states that it is true that the repeated slowing and accelerating of cars over road humps causes more pollution.
|
contradiction
|
id_6636
|
The ambulance service estimates that as many as 500 lives are lost because of the slower emergency response times caused by road humps. Some claim that road humps, or sleeping policemen as they are sometimes called, cost more lives than are saved as a result of the traffic being slowed. Critics of road humps also claim thatVerbal Reasoning they cause more pollution as drivers repeatedly slow down and speed up and that they cause more congestion by disrupting the flow of traffic. Residents complain of the noise of cars crossing them and accelerating away from them. Some of these claims run counter to published research which shows that road humps cause average speeds to drop by 10 mph and as a result save lives. Since 1980 and the widespread introduction of road humps, figures show that the level of deaths and serious injury fell by 60 per cent.
|
Critics believe that traffic would flow more smoothly if road humps were removed.
|
entailment
|
id_6637
|
The ambulance service estimates that as many as 500 lives are lost because of the slower emergency response times caused by road humps. Some claim that road humps, or sleeping policemen as they are sometimes called, cost more lives than are saved as a result of the traffic being slowed. Critics of road humps also claim thatVerbal Reasoning they cause more pollution as drivers repeatedly slow down and speed up and that they cause more congestion by disrupting the flow of traffic. Residents complain of the noise of cars crossing them and accelerating away from them. Some of these claims run counter to published research which shows that road humps cause average speeds to drop by 10 mph and as a result save lives. Since 1980 and the widespread introduction of road humps, figures show that the level of deaths and serious injury fell by 60 per cent.
|
Drivers find road humps annoying.
|
neutral
|
id_6638
|
The ambulance service estimates that as many as 500 lives are lost because of the slower emergency response times caused by road humps. Some claim that road humps, or sleeping policemen as they are sometimes called, cost more lives than are saved as a result of the traffic being slowed. Critics of road humps also claim thatVerbal Reasoning they cause more pollution as drivers repeatedly slow down and speed up and that they cause more congestion by disrupting the flow of traffic. Residents complain of the noise of cars crossing them and accelerating away from them. Some of these claims run counter to published research which shows that road humps cause average speeds to drop by 10 mph and as a result save lives. Since 1980 and the widespread introduction of road humps, figures show that the level of deaths and serious injury fell by 60 per cent.
|
It is fair to say that road humps can save lives and injuries but at a price.
|
entailment
|
id_6639
|
The ambulance service estimates that as many as 500 lives are lost because of the slower emergency response times caused by road humps. Some claim that road humps, or sleeping policemen as they are sometimes called, cost more lives than are saved as a result of the traffic being slowed. Critics of road humps also claim thatVerbal Reasoning they cause more pollution as drivers repeatedly slow down and speed up and that they cause more congestion by disrupting the flow of traffic. Residents complain of the noise of cars crossing them and accelerating away from them. Some of these claims run counter to published research which shows that road humps cause average speeds to drop by 10 mph and as a result save lives. Since 1980 and the widespread introduction of road humps, figures show that the level of deaths and serious injury fell by 60 per cent.
|
Delays to the ambulance service and environmental concerns are raised as objections to road humps.
|
entailment
|
id_6640
|
The amount of accounting information that could be supplied to any interested party is practically unlimited. The information needs to be designed in such a way that it meets the objectives of the specific user group. If too much information is given, the user might think that it is an attempt to mislead them, and as a result, all of the information may be totally rejected. In this context, accountants try to present accounts in such a way that they represent a true an fair view. The Companies Act, 1985, for example, requires company accounts to reflect this particular criterion, and it is advisable to apply it to all organizational entities. Unfortunately, the Act does not define what is meant by true and fair, but it is assumed that accounts will be so if an entity has followed the rules laid down in appropriate accounting and financial reporting standards.
|
In practice, the proper application of accounting and financial reporting standards ensures that accounts meet the criteria of being true and fair.
|
entailment
|
id_6641
|
The amount of accounting information that could be supplied to any interested party is practically unlimited. The information needs to be designed in such a way that it meets the objectives of the specific user group. If too much information is given, the user might think that it is an attempt to mislead them, and as a result, all of the information may be totally rejected. In this context, accountants try to present accounts in such a way that they represent a true an fair view. The Companies Act, 1985, for example, requires company accounts to reflect this particular criterion, and it is advisable to apply it to all organizational entities. Unfortunately, the Act does not define what is meant by true and fair, but it is assumed that accounts will be so if an entity has followed the rules laid down in appropriate accounting and financial reporting standards.
|
It is a positive feature of the Companies Act, 1985, that it does not define what is meant by true and fair.
|
contradiction
|
id_6642
|
The amount of accounting information that could be supplied to any interested party is practically unlimited. The information needs to be designed in such a way that it meets the objectives of the specific user group. If too much information is given, the user might think that it is an attempt to mislead them, and as a result, all of the information may be totally rejected. In this context, accountants try to present accounts in such a way that they represent a true and fair view. The Companies Act, 1985, for example, requires company accounts to reflect this particular criterion, and it is advisable to apply it to all organisational entities. Unfortunately the Act does not define what is meant by true and fair, but it is assumed that accounts will be so if an entity has followed the rules laid down in appropriate accounting and financial reporting standards.
|
it is a positive feature of the Companies Act, 1985, that it does not define what is meant by true and fair.
|
contradiction
|
id_6643
|
The amount of accounting information that could be supplied to any interested party is practically unlimited. The information needs to be designed in such a way that it meets the objectives of the specific user group. If too much information is given, the user might think that it is an attempt to mislead them, and as a result, all of the information may be totally rejected. In this context, accountants try to present accounts in such a way that they represent a true and fair view. The Companies Act, 1985, for example, requires company accounts to reflect this particular criterion, and it is advisable to apply it to all organisational entities. Unfortunately the Act does not define what is meant by true and fair, but it is assumed that accounts will be so if an entity has followed the rules laid down in appropriate accounting and financial reporting standards.
|
In practice, the proper application of accounting and financial reporting standards ensures that accounts meet the criteria of being true and fair.
|
contradiction
|
id_6644
|
The amount of liquid assets held by non-financial corporations has almost doubled over the past five years. The increase in assets relative to debt is in sharp contrast to the late 1990s, when companies raised large amounts of debt to fund capital investments and acquisitions. The reluc- tance of companies today to spend, despite the fact that they hold large amounts of cash, shows that they are unwilling to make the mistake again of over-investment leading to production greater than demand. Telecommunications and high-technology companies were among the big spenders then and they suffered its effects more than most; they are now the most thrifty. Drug companies also want to keep cash at hand in order to fund expensive lawsuits should they arise. Other sectors with large workforces are having to hoard cash because they face large pension shortfalls.
|
Cash at hand is a symptom of a cautious business outlook.
|
entailment
|
id_6645
|
The amount of liquid assets held by non-financial corporations has almost doubled over the past five years. The increase in assets relative to debt is in sharp contrast to the late 1990s, when companies raised large amounts of debt to fund capital investments and acquisitions. The reluc- tance of companies today to spend, despite the fact that they hold large amounts of cash, shows that they are unwilling to make the mistake again of over-investment leading to production greater than demand. Telecommunications and high-technology companies were among the big spenders then and they suffered its effects more than most; they are now the most thrifty. Drug companies also want to keep cash at hand in order to fund expensive lawsuits should they arise. Other sectors with large workforces are having to hoard cash because they face large pension shortfalls.
|
The passage implies that over-investment leads to production outstripping demand.
|
contradiction
|
id_6646
|
The amount of liquid assets held by non-financial corporations has almost doubled over the past five years. The increase in assets relative to debt is in sharp contrast to the late 1990s, when companies raised large amounts of debt to fund capital investments and acquisitions. The reluc- tance of companies today to spend, despite the fact that they hold large amounts of cash, shows that they are unwilling to make the mistake again of over-investment leading to production greater than demand. Telecommunications and high-technology companies were among the big spenders then and they suffered its effects more than most; they are now the most thrifty. Drug companies also want to keep cash at hand in order to fund expensive lawsuits should they arise. Other sectors with large workforces are having to hoard cash because they face large pension shortfalls.
|
In the late 1990s, capital spending in the telecommunications and high-technology sectors led to production outstripping supply.
|
entailment
|
id_6647
|
The ancient Greek Olympics were held at Olympia near the shore of the Ionian Sea for 1,000 years. These games were named after the snow peaked mount Olympus situated hundreds of miles away to the east near the Aegean Sea where it was thought the gods and goddesses lived, looking down on mankind. The ancient site of Olympia was excavated in the 19th century and the finds inspired the founding of the modern Olympics held every four years since the first modern games in 1896. The ancient games were intended to determine what metal gold, silver or bronze the athletes heart was made of. In the modern Olympics medals of gold, silver and bronze are awarded to the athletes. The modern games also commemorate an ancient battle at Marathon where a Greek army defeated a much larger Persian force.
|
It can be determined from the passage that the Aegean Sea is east of the Ionian Sea.
|
entailment
|
id_6648
|
The ancient Greek Olympics were held at Olympia near the shore of the Ionian Sea for 1,000 years. These games were named after the snow peaked mount Olympus situated hundreds of miles away to the east near the Aegean Sea where it was thought the gods and goddesses lived, looking down on mankind. The ancient site of Olympia was excavated in the 19th century and the finds inspired the founding of the modern Olympics held every four years since the first modern games in 1896. The ancient games were intended to determine what metal gold, silver or bronze the athletes heart was made of. In the modern Olympics medals of gold, silver and bronze are awarded to the athletes. The modern games also commemorate an ancient battle at Marathon where a Greek army defeated a much larger Persian force.
|
In the context of the passage the word Marathon refers to a long- distance run.
|
contradiction
|
id_6649
|
The ancient Greek Olympics were held at Olympia near the shore of the Ionian Sea for 1,000 years. These games were named after the snow peaked mount Olympus situated hundreds of miles away to the east near the Aegean Sea where it was thought the gods and goddesses lived, looking down on mankind. The ancient site of Olympia was excavated in the 19th century and the finds inspired the founding of the modern Olympics held every four years since the first modern games in 1896. The ancient games were intended to determine what metal gold, silver or bronze the athletes heart was made of. In the modern Olympics medals of gold, silver and bronze are awarded to the athletes. The modern games also commemorate an ancient battle at Marathon where a Greek army defeated a much larger Persian force.
|
In the modern Olympics the athlete in first place receives a gold medal, silver is awarded for second place and bronze for third place.
|
neutral
|
id_6650
|
The ancient Greek Olympics were held at Olympia near the shore of the Ionian Sea for 1,000 years. These games were named after the snow peaked mount Olympus situated hundreds of miles away to the east near the Aegean Sea where it was thought the gods and goddesses lived, looking down on mankind. The ancient site of Olympia was excavated in the 19th century and the finds inspired the founding of the modern Olympics held every four years since the first modern games in 1896. The ancient games were intended to determine what metal gold, silver or bronze the athletes heart was made of. In the modern Olympics medals of gold, silver and bronze are awarded to the athletes. The modern games also commemorate an ancient battle at Marathon where a Greek army defeated a much larger Persian force.
|
Both the excavation of Olympia and the first modern games occurred in the 19th century.
|
entailment
|
id_6651
|
The ancient Greek Olympics were held at Olympia near the shore of the Ionian Sea for 1,000 years. These games were named after the snow peaked mount Olympus situated hundreds of miles away to the east near the Aegean Sea where it was thought the gods and goddesses lived, looking down on mankind. The ancient site of Olympia was excavated in the 19th century and the finds inspired the founding of the modern Olympics held every four years since the first modern games in 1896. The ancient games were intended to determine what metal gold, silver or bronze the athletes heart was made of. In the modern Olympics medals of gold, silver and bronze are awarded to the athletes. The modern games also commemorate an ancient battle at Marathon where a Greek army defeated a much larger Persian force.
|
The ancient Greeks thought that the gods and goddesses lived in Olympia.
|
contradiction
|
id_6652
|
The ancients had many ingenious methods for measuring time. Water clocks, for example, were used in ancient Greek and Rome to time orators speeches. One version comprised pouring water time. As with water clocks, sundials needed to be calibrated in order to show the passage of time. Prior to the development of sundials, stones or poles could be placed m the ground. In addition to their water clocks and sundials, the ancient Egyptians used obelisks and pyramads to tell the time from the passage of the sun.
|
The passage states that the ancient Egyptians built obelisks for telling the time.
|
contradiction
|
id_6653
|
The ancients had many ingenious methods for measuring time. Water clocks, for example, were used in ancient Greek and Rome to time orators speeches. One version comprised pouring water time. As with water clocks, sundials needed to be calibrated in order to show the passage of time. Prior to the development of sundials, stones or poles could be placed m the ground. In addition to their water clocks and sundials, the ancient Egyptians used obelisks and pyramads to tell the time from the passage of the sun.
|
Water clocks were only used in ancient Greece and Rome.
|
contradiction
|
id_6654
|
The ancients had many ingenious methods for measuring time. Water clocks, for example, were used in ancient Greek and Rome to time orators speeches. One version comprised pouring water time. As with water clocks, sundials needed to be calibrated in order to show the passage of time. Prior to the development of sundials, stones or poles could be placed m the ground. In addition to their water clocks and sundials, the ancient Egyptians used obelisks and pyramads to tell the time from the passage of the sun.
|
The primary use for water clocks was to time speeches.
|
neutral
|
id_6655
|
The ancients had many ingenious methods for measuring time. Water clocks, for example, were used in ancient Greek and Rome to time orators speeches. One version comprised pouring water time. As with water clocks, sundials needed to be calibrated in order to show the passage of time. Prior to the development of sundials, stones or poles could be placed m the ground. In addition to their water clocks and sundials, the ancient Egyptians used obelisks and pyramads to tell the time from the passage of the sun.
|
Upright stones were one forerunner of sundials.
|
entailment
|
id_6656
|
The ancients had many ingenious methods for measuring time. Water clocks, for example, were used in ancient Greek and Rome to time orators speeches. One version comprised pouring water time. As with water clocks, sundials needed to be calibrated in order to show the passage of time. Prior to the development of sundials, stones or poles could be placed m the ground. In addition to their water clocks and sundials, the ancient Egyptians used obelisks and pyramads to tell the time from the passage of the sun.
|
The ancient Egyptians calibrated sundials in a similar fashion to water clocks.
|
neutral
|
id_6657
|
The average British company uses only 55 per cent of tts office space and two-thirds of employees are unhappy with their work environment, according to a survey recently undertaken by the design consultancy Best Desks Ltd. This inefficient use of space equates to over ten billion pounds of waste in London alone. The advent of wireless technology means that employees no longer need to be tied to fixed workstations with wires and cables and can work more flexibly. Trend forecasters predict the following mnovations to workspaces over the next decade: more collaborative, open- plan spaces to encourage social networking; reservable mobile workstations; easily interlockable office furniture; and bespoke ambient sound and lighting.
|
Staff productivity would be improved if workspaces were more appealingly designed.
|
neutral
|
id_6658
|
The average British company uses only 55 per cent of tts office space and two-thirds of employees are unhappy with their work environment, according to a survey recently undertaken by the design consultancy Best Desks Ltd. This inefficient use of space equates to over ten billion pounds of waste in London alone. The advent of wireless technology means that employees no longer need to be tied to fixed workstations with wires and cables and can work more flexibly. Trend forecasters predict the following mnovations to workspaces over the next decade: more collaborative, open- plan spaces to encourage social networking; reservable mobile workstations; easily interlockable office furniture; and bespoke ambient sound and lighting.
|
The passage suggests that most British companies should move into smaller premises, thus saving money.
|
contradiction
|
id_6659
|
The average British company uses only 55 per cent of tts office space and two-thirds of employees are unhappy with their work environment, according to a survey recently undertaken by the design consultancy Best Desks Ltd. This inefficient use of space equates to over ten billion pounds of waste in London alone. The advent of wireless technology means that employees no longer need to be tied to fixed workstations with wires and cables and can work more flexibly. Trend forecasters predict the following mnovations to workspaces over the next decade: more collaborative, open- plan spaces to encourage social networking; reservable mobile workstations; easily interlockable office furniture; and bespoke ambient sound and lighting.
|
Working environments could be more personalized to suit how individual employees take to work.
|
entailment
|
id_6660
|
The average British company uses only 55 per cent of tts office space and two-thirds of employees are unhappy with their work environment, according to a survey recently undertaken by the design consultancy Best Desks Ltd. This inefficient use of space equates to over ten billion pounds of waste in London alone. The advent of wireless technology means that employees no longer need to be tied to fixed workstations with wires and cables and can work more flexibly. Trend forecasters predict the following mnovations to workspaces over the next decade: more collaborative, open- plan spaces to encourage social networking; reservable mobile workstations; easily interlockable office furniture; and bespoke ambient sound and lighting.
|
Flexible working has been facilitated by the rise of wireless technology.
|
entailment
|
id_6661
|
The average British company uses only 55 per cent of tts office space and two-thirds of employees are unhappy with their work environment, according to a survey recently undertaken by the design consultancy Best Desks Ltd. This inefficient use of space equates to over ten billion pounds of waste in London alone. The advent of wireless technology means that employees no longer need to be tied to fixed workstations with wires and cables and can work more flexibly. Trend forecasters predict the following mnovations to workspaces over the next decade: more collaborative, open- plan spaces to encourage social networking; reservable mobile workstations; easily interlockable office furniture; and bespoke ambient sound and lighting.
|
Two-thirds of British workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.
|
neutral
|
id_6662
|
The aviation ministry has asked all airports in the country to install solar energy plants on the lines of the Kochi airport, the worlds first aerodrome that runs completely on solar power.
|
Government will achieve its target of 170 Gigawatt of renewable energy.
|
contradiction
|
id_6663
|
The aviation ministry has asked all airports in the country to install solar energy plants on the lines of the Kochi airport, the worlds first aerodrome that runs completely on solar power.
|
Pollution at the airports will reduce.
|
contradiction
|
id_6664
|
The aviation ministry has asked all airports in the country to install solar energy plants on the lines of the Kochi airport, the worlds first aerodrome that runs completely on solar power.
|
The airports will be able to save thousands of rupees in electricity bills.
|
contradiction
|
id_6665
|
The aviation ministry has asked all airports in the country to install solar energy plants on the lines of the Kochi airport, the worlds first aerodrome that runs completely on solar power.
|
The efficiency of airport in the country will increase.
|
contradiction
|
id_6666
|
The aviation ministry has asked all airports in the country to install solar energy plants on the lines of the Kochi airport, the worlds first aerodrome that runs completely on solar power.
|
Airports in the country will generate electricity through solar energy.
|
entailment
|
id_6667
|
The big economic difference between nuclear and fossil fuelled power stations is that nuclear reactions are more expensive to build and decommission, but cheaper to run. so disputes over the relative efficiency of the two systems revove not just around the prices of coal and uranium today and tomorow, but also around the way in which future income should be compared with current income.
|
If nuclear reactors were cheaper to build and decommission than fossil fueelled power stations, they would definitely have the economic advantage.
|
neutral
|
id_6668
|
The big economic difference between nuclear and fossil fuelled power stations is that nuclear reactions are more expensive to build and decommission, but cheaper to run. so disputes over the relative efficiency of the two systems revove not just around the prices of coal and uranium today and tomorow, but also around the way in which future income should be compared with current income.
|
The price of coal is not relevant to discussions about the efficiency of nuclear reactors.
|
contradiction
|
id_6669
|
The big economic difference between nuclear and fossil fuelled power stations is that nuclear reactions are more expensive to build and decommission, but cheaper to run. so disputes over the relative efficiency of the two systems revove not just around the prices of coal and uranium today and tomorow, but also around the way in which future income should be compared with current income.
|
The main difference between nuclear and fossil-fuelled power stations is an economic one.
|
neutral
|
id_6670
|
The biggest risk facing the worlds insurance companies is possibly the rapid change now taking place within their own ranks. Sluggish growth in core markets and intense price competition, coupled with shifting patterns of customer demand and the rising cost of losses, are threatening to overwhelm those too slow to react.
|
Insurance companies are experiencing a boom in their core markets.
|
contradiction
|
id_6671
|
The biggest risk facing the worlds insurance companies is possibly the rapid change now taking place within their own ranks. Sluggish growth in core markets and intense price competition, coupled with shifting patterns of customer demand and the rising cost of losses, are threatening to overwhelm those too slow to react.
|
Insurance companies are competing to provide best prices to customers.
|
entailment
|
id_6672
|
The biggest risk facing the worlds insurance companies is possibly the rapid change now taking place within their own ranks. Sluggish growth in core markets and intense price competition, coupled with shifting patterns of customer demand and the rising cost of losses, are threatening to overwhelm those too slow to react.
|
Insurance companies are coping well with increased price competition and rising losses.
|
contradiction
|
id_6673
|
The biggest risk facing the worlds insurance companies is possibly the rapid change now taking place within their own ranks. Sluggish growth in core markets and intense price competition, coupled with shifting patterns of customer demand and the rising cost of losses, are threatening to overwhelm those too slow to react.
|
Insurance companies are competing to provide best prices to customers.
|
neutral
|
id_6674
|
The birth of modern plastics In 1907, Leo Hendrick Baekeland, a Belgian scientist working in New York, discovered and patented a revolutionary new synthetic material. His invention, which he named Bakelite, was of enormous technological importance, and effectively launched the modern plastics industry. The term plastic comes from the Greek plassein, meaning to mould. Some plastics are derived from natural sources, some are semi-synthetic (the result of chemical action on a natural substance), and some are entirely synthetic, that is, chemically engineered from the constituents of coal or oil. Some are thermoplastic, which means that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can then be reshaped. Others are thermosetting: like eggs, they cannot revert to their original viscous state, and their shape is thus fixed for ever. Bakelite had the distinction of being the first totally synthetic thermosetting plastic. The history of todays plastics begins with the discovery of a series of semi-synthetic thermoplastic materials in the mid-nineteenth century. The impetus behind the development of these early plastics was generated by a number of factors immense technological progress in the domain of chemistry, coupled with wider cultural changes, and the pragmatic need to find acceptable substitutes for dwindling supplies of luxury materials such as tortoiseshell and ivory. Baekelands interest in plastics began in 1885 when, as a young chemistry student in Belgium, he embarked on research into phenolic resins, the group of sticky substances produced when phenol (carbolic acid) combines with an aldehyde (a volatile fluid similar to alcohol). He soon abandoned the subject, however, only returning to it some years later. By 1905 he was a wealthy New Yorker, having recently made his fortune with the invention of a new photographic paper. While Baekeland had been busily amassing dollars, some advances had been made in the development of plastics. The years 1899 and 1900 had seen the patenting of the first semi-synthetic thermosetting material that could be manufactured on an industrial scale. In purely scientific terms, Baekelands major contribution to the field is not so much the actual discovery of the material to which he gave his name, but rather the method by which a reaction between phenol and formaldehyde could be controlled, thus making possible its preparation on a commercial basis. On 13 July 1907, Baekeland took out his famous patent describing this preparation, the essential features of which are still in use today. The original patent outlined a three-stage process, in which phenol and formaldehyde (from wood or coal) were initially combined under vacuum inside a large egg-shaped kettle. The result was a resin known as Novalak which became soluble and malleable when heated. The resin was allowed to cool in shallow trays until it hardened, and then broken up and ground into powder. Other substances were then introduced: including fillers, such as woodflour, asbestos or cotton, which increase strength and moisture resistance, catalysts (substances to speed up the reaction between two chemicals without joining to either) and hexa, a compound of ammonia and formaldehyde which supplied the additional formaldehyde necessary to form a thermosetting resin. This resin was then left to cool and harden, and ground up a second time. The resulting granular powder was raw Bakelite, ready to be made into a vast range of manufactured objects. In the last stage, the heated Bakelite was poured into a hollow mould of the required shape and subjected to extreme heat and pressure, thereby setting its form for life. The design of Bakelite objects, everything from earrings to television sets, was governed to a large extent by the technical requirements of the molding process. The object could not be designed so that it was locked into the mould and therefore difficult to extract. A common general rule was that objects should taper towards the deepest part of the mould, and if necessary the product was molded in separate pieces. Moulds had to be carefully designed so that the molten Bakelite would flow evenly and completely into the mould. Sharp corners proved impractical and were thus avoided, giving rise to the smooth, streamlined style popular in the 1930s. The thickness of the walls of the mould was also crucial: thick walls took longer to cool and harden, a factor which had to be considered by the designer in order to make the most efficient use of machines. Baekeland's invention, although treated with disdain in its early years, went on to enjoy an unparalleled popularity which lasted throughout the first half of the twentieth century. It became the wonder product of the new world of industrials expansion the material of a thousand uses. Being both non-porous and heat-resistant, Bakelite kitchen goods were promoted as being germ-free and sterilisable. Electrical manufacturers seized on its insulating properties, and consumers everywhere relished its dazzling array of shades, delighted that they were now, at last, no longer restricted to the wood tones and drab browns of the preplastic era. It then fell from favour again during the 1950s, and was despised and destroyed in vast quantities. Recently, however, it has been experiencing something of a renaissance, with renewed demand for original Bakelite objects in the collectors marketplace, and museums, societies and dedicated individuals once again appreciating the style and originality of this innovative material.
|
Bakelite was only available in a limited range of colours.
|
contradiction
|
id_6675
|
The birth of modern plastics In 1907, Leo Hendrick Baekeland, a Belgian scientist working in New York, discovered and patented a revolutionary new synthetic material. His invention, which he named Bakelite, was of enormous technological importance, and effectively launched the modern plastics industry. The term plastic comes from the Greek plassein, meaning to mould. Some plastics are derived from natural sources, some are semi-synthetic (the result of chemical action on a natural substance), and some are entirely synthetic, that is, chemically engineered from the constituents of coal or oil. Some are thermoplastic, which means that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can then be reshaped. Others are thermosetting: like eggs, they cannot revert to their original viscous state, and their shape is thus fixed for ever. Bakelite had the distinction of being the first totally synthetic thermosetting plastic. The history of todays plastics begins with the discovery of a series of semi-synthetic thermoplastic materials in the mid-nineteenth century. The impetus behind the development of these early plastics was generated by a number of factors immense technological progress in the domain of chemistry, coupled with wider cultural changes, and the pragmatic need to find acceptable substitutes for dwindling supplies of luxury materials such as tortoiseshell and ivory. Baekelands interest in plastics began in 1885 when, as a young chemistry student in Belgium, he embarked on research into phenolic resins, the group of sticky substances produced when phenol (carbolic acid) combines with an aldehyde (a volatile fluid similar to alcohol). He soon abandoned the subject, however, only returning to it some years later. By 1905 he was a wealthy New Yorker, having recently made his fortune with the invention of a new photographic paper. While Baekeland had been busily amassing dollars, some advances had been made in the development of plastics. The years 1899 and 1900 had seen the patenting of the first semi-synthetic thermosetting material that could be manufactured on an industrial scale. In purely scientific terms, Baekelands major contribution to the field is not so much the actual discovery of the material to which he gave his name, but rather the method by which a reaction between phenol and formaldehyde could be controlled, thus making possible its preparation on a commercial basis. On 13 July 1907, Baekeland took out his famous patent describing this preparation, the essential features of which are still in use today. The original patent outlined a three-stage process, in which phenol and formaldehyde (from wood or coal) were initially combined under vacuum inside a large egg-shaped kettle. The result was a resin known as Novalak which became soluble and malleable when heated. The resin was allowed to cool in shallow trays until it hardened, and then broken up and ground into powder. Other substances were then introduced: including fillers, such as woodflour, asbestos or cotton, which increase strength and moisture resistance, catalysts (substances to speed up the reaction between two chemicals without joining to either) and hexa, a compound of ammonia and formaldehyde which supplied the additional formaldehyde necessary to form a thermosetting resin. This resin was then left to cool and harden, and ground up a second time. The resulting granular powder was raw Bakelite, ready to be made into a vast range of manufactured objects. In the last stage, the heated Bakelite was poured into a hollow mould of the required shape and subjected to extreme heat and pressure, thereby setting its form for life. The design of Bakelite objects, everything from earrings to television sets, was governed to a large extent by the technical requirements of the molding process. The object could not be designed so that it was locked into the mould and therefore difficult to extract. A common general rule was that objects should taper towards the deepest part of the mould, and if necessary the product was molded in separate pieces. Moulds had to be carefully designed so that the molten Bakelite would flow evenly and completely into the mould. Sharp corners proved impractical and were thus avoided, giving rise to the smooth, streamlined style popular in the 1930s. The thickness of the walls of the mould was also crucial: thick walls took longer to cool and harden, a factor which had to be considered by the designer in order to make the most efficient use of machines. Baekeland's invention, although treated with disdain in its early years, went on to enjoy an unparalleled popularity which lasted throughout the first half of the twentieth century. It became the wonder product of the new world of industrials expansion the material of a thousand uses. Being both non-porous and heat-resistant, Bakelite kitchen goods were promoted as being germ-free and sterilisable. Electrical manufacturers seized on its insulating properties, and consumers everywhere relished its dazzling array of shades, delighted that they were now, at last, no longer restricted to the wood tones and drab browns of the preplastic era. It then fell from favour again during the 1950s, and was despised and destroyed in vast quantities. Recently, however, it has been experiencing something of a renaissance, with renewed demand for original Bakelite objects in the collectors marketplace, and museums, societies and dedicated individuals once again appreciating the style and originality of this innovative material.
|
Bakelite was immediately welcomed as a practical and versatile material.
|
contradiction
|
id_6676
|
The birth of modern plastics In 1907, Leo Hendrick Baekeland, a Belgian scientist working in New York, discovered and patented a revolutionary new synthetic material. His invention, which he named Bakelite, was of enormous technological importance, and effectively launched the modern plastics industry. The term plastic comes from the Greek plassein, meaning to mould. Some plastics are derived from natural sources, some are semi-synthetic (the result of chemical action on a natural substance), and some are entirely synthetic, that is, chemically engineered from the constituents of coal or oil. Some are thermoplastic, which means that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can then be reshaped. Others are thermosetting: like eggs, they cannot revert to their original viscous state, and their shape is thus fixed for ever. Bakelite had the distinction of being the first totally synthetic thermosetting plastic. The history of todays plastics begins with the discovery of a series of semi-synthetic thermoplastic materials in the mid-nineteenth century. The impetus behind the development of these early plastics was generated by a number of factors immense technological progress in the domain of chemistry, coupled with wider cultural changes, and the pragmatic need to find acceptable substitutes for dwindling supplies of luxury materials such as tortoiseshell and ivory. Baekelands interest in plastics began in 1885 when, as a young chemistry student in Belgium, he embarked on research into phenolic resins, the group of sticky substances produced when phenol (carbolic acid) combines with an aldehyde (a volatile fluid similar to alcohol). He soon abandoned the subject, however, only returning to it some years later. By 1905 he was a wealthy New Yorker, having recently made his fortune with the invention of a new photographic paper. While Baekeland had been busily amassing dollars, some advances had been made in the development of plastics. The years 1899 and 1900 had seen the patenting of the first semi-synthetic thermosetting material that could be manufactured on an industrial scale. In purely scientific terms, Baekelands major contribution to the field is not so much the actual discovery of the material to which he gave his name, but rather the method by which a reaction between phenol and formaldehyde could be controlled, thus making possible its preparation on a commercial basis. On 13 July 1907, Baekeland took out his famous patent describing this preparation, the essential features of which are still in use today. The original patent outlined a three-stage process, in which phenol and formaldehyde (from wood or coal) were initially combined under vacuum inside a large egg-shaped kettle. The result was a resin known as Novalak which became soluble and malleable when heated. The resin was allowed to cool in shallow trays until it hardened, and then broken up and ground into powder. Other substances were then introduced: including fillers, such as woodflour, asbestos or cotton, which increase strength and moisture resistance, catalysts (substances to speed up the reaction between two chemicals without joining to either) and hexa, a compound of ammonia and formaldehyde which supplied the additional formaldehyde necessary to form a thermosetting resin. This resin was then left to cool and harden, and ground up a second time. The resulting granular powder was raw Bakelite, ready to be made into a vast range of manufactured objects. In the last stage, the heated Bakelite was poured into a hollow mould of the required shape and subjected to extreme heat and pressure, thereby setting its form for life. The design of Bakelite objects, everything from earrings to television sets, was governed to a large extent by the technical requirements of the molding process. The object could not be designed so that it was locked into the mould and therefore difficult to extract. A common general rule was that objects should taper towards the deepest part of the mould, and if necessary the product was molded in separate pieces. Moulds had to be carefully designed so that the molten Bakelite would flow evenly and completely into the mould. Sharp corners proved impractical and were thus avoided, giving rise to the smooth, streamlined style popular in the 1930s. The thickness of the walls of the mould was also crucial: thick walls took longer to cool and harden, a factor which had to be considered by the designer in order to make the most efficient use of machines. Baekeland's invention, although treated with disdain in its early years, went on to enjoy an unparalleled popularity which lasted throughout the first half of the twentieth century. It became the wonder product of the new world of industrials expansion the material of a thousand uses. Being both non-porous and heat-resistant, Bakelite kitchen goods were promoted as being germ-free and sterilisable. Electrical manufacturers seized on its insulating properties, and consumers everywhere relished its dazzling array of shades, delighted that they were now, at last, no longer restricted to the wood tones and drab browns of the preplastic era. It then fell from favour again during the 1950s, and was despised and destroyed in vast quantities. Recently, however, it has been experiencing something of a renaissance, with renewed demand for original Bakelite objects in the collectors marketplace, and museums, societies and dedicated individuals once again appreciating the style and originality of this innovative material.
|
Modern-day plastic preparation is based on the same principles as that patented in 1907.
|
entailment
|
id_6677
|
The bookstore has a better selection of postcards than the newsstand does. The selection of postcards at the drugstore is better than at the bookstore.
|
The drugstore has a better selection of postcards than the bookstore or the newsstand.
|
entailment
|
id_6678
|
The brain begins to show signs of decline after a certain proportion of the nerve cells of which it is formed have died. As people get older they have fewer and fewer nerve cells, because once the cells have died they are not replaced. By the time a person reaches the age of 75 as many as a quarter of the nerve cells may have died. Although science has advanced a great deal and scientists today are better placed to study how our brain functions, there is still a great deal to discover.
|
The brain cells, like the skin cells, are able to multiply and that is why all the brain cells do not die out.
|
contradiction
|
id_6679
|
The brain begins to show signs of decline after a certain proportion of the nerve cells of which it is formed have died. As people get older they have fewer and fewer nerve cells, because once the cells have died they are not replaced. By the time a person reaches the age of 75 as many as a quarter of the nerve cells may have died. Although science has advanced a great deal and scientists today are better placed to study how our brain functions, there is still a great deal to discover.
|
By the time a person is in his mid-seventies he may have lost as many as 25 per cent of his nerve cells.
|
entailment
|
id_6680
|
The brain begins to show signs of decline after a certain proportion of the nerve cells of which it is formed have died. As people get older they have fewer and fewer nerve cells, because once the cells have died they are not replaced. By the time a person reaches the age of 75 as many as a quarter of the nerve cells may have died. Although science has advanced a great deal and scientists today are better placed to study how our brain functions, there is still a great deal to discover.
|
Scientists today are able to cure the dying nerve cells, because of the great advances made by science.
|
contradiction
|
id_6681
|
The business of the Company shall be managed by the directors who, subject to the law, the memorandum and articles of association, and any direction given by special resolution, may exercise all the powers of the company. The minimum number of directors is two; there is no maximum number. The directors, or the company by special resolution, may appoint as a director any person who is willing to act as a director, provided he or she is not a bankrupt or disqualified from acting as a director under the Insolvency Act. Directors need not hold shares in the company, but normally they will be required to hold at least a specific minimum shareholding.
|
Individual bankruptcy is governed by the Insolvency Act.
|
neutral
|
id_6682
|
The business of the Company shall be managed by the directors who, subject to the law, the memorandum and articles of association, and any direction given by special resolution, may exercise all the powers of the company. The minimum number of directors is two; there is no maximum number. The directors, or the company by special resolution, may appoint as a director any person who is willing to act as a director, provided he or she is not a bankrupt or disqualified from acting as a director under the Insolvency Act. Directors need not hold shares in the company, but normally they will be required to hold at least a specific minimum shareholding.
|
The Company cannot operate with only one director.
|
entailment
|
id_6683
|
The business of the Company shall be managed by the directors who, subject to the law, the memorandum and articles of association, and any direction given by special resolution, may exercise all the powers of the company. The minimum number of directors is two; there is no maximum number. The directors, or the company by special resolution, may appoint as a director any person who is willing to act as a director, provided he or she is not a bankrupt or disqualified from acting as a director under the Insolvency Act. Directors need not hold shares in the company, but normally they will be required to hold at least a specific minimum shareholding.
|
New directors tend to be appointed by existing directors rather than by special resolution.
|
neutral
|
id_6684
|
The business of the Company shall be managed by the directors who, subject to the law, the memorandum and articles of association, and any direction given by special resolution, may exercise all the powers of the company. The minimum number of directors is two; there is no maximum number. The directors, or the company by special resolution, may appoint as a director any person who is willing to act as a director, provided he or she is not a bankrupt or disqualified from acting as a director under the Insolvency Act. Directors need not hold shares in the company, but normally they will be required to hold at least a specific minimum shareholding.
|
There is no upper limit to the number of shares any director can hold.
|
neutral
|
id_6685
|
The business of the Company shall be managed by the directors who, subject to the law, the memorandum and articles of association, and any direction given by special resolution, may exercise all the powers of the company. The minimum number of directors is two; there is no maximum number. The directors, or the company by special resolution, may appoint as a director any person who is willing to act as a director, provided he or she is not a bankrupt or disqualified from acting as a director under the Insolvency Act. Directors need not hold shares in the company, but normally they will be requires to hold at least a specific minimum shareholding.
|
There is no upper limit to the numbers of shares any director can hold.
|
neutral
|
id_6686
|
The business of the Company shall be managed by the directors who, subject to the law, the memorandum and articles of association, and any direction given by special resolution, may exercise all the powers of the company. The minimum number of directors is two; there is no maximum number. The directors, or the company by special resolution, may appoint as a director any person who is willing to act as a director, provided he or she is not a bankrupt or disqualified from acting as a director under the Insolvency Act. Directors need not hold shares in the company, but normally they will be requires to hold at least a specific minimum shareholding.
|
The Company cannot operate with only one director.
|
entailment
|
id_6687
|
The business of the Company shall be managed by the directors who, subject to the law, the memorandum and articles of association, and any direction given by special resolution, may exercise all the powers of the company. The minimum number of directors is two; there is no maximum number. The directors, or the company by special resolution, may appoint as a director any person who is willing to act as a director, provided he or she is not a bankrupt or disqualified from acting as a director under the Insolvency Act. Directors need not hold shares in the company, but normally they will be requires to hold at least a specific minimum shareholding.
|
New directors tend to be appointed by existing directors rather than special resolution.
|
neutral
|
id_6688
|
The business of the Company shall be managed by the directors who, subject to the law, the memorandum and articles of association, and any direction given by special resolution, may exercise all the powers of the company. The minimum number of directors is two; there is no maximum number. The directors, or the company by special resolution, may appoint as a director any person who is willing to act as a director, provided he or she is not a bankrupt or disqualified from acting as a director under the Insolvency Act. Directors need not hold shares in the company, but normally they will be requires to hold at least a specific minimum shareholding.
|
Individual bankruptcy is governed by the Insolvency Act.
|
neutral
|
id_6689
|
The car of 2020 will probably have a hydrogen-powered cell to charge batteries that drive the wheels. The thermodynamic efficiency of this vehicle will be around 60% compared with an efficiency of 23% for the typical car being driven around on our roads today and it will have a range of 500 kilometres between fuel stops. Currently the best published fuel cell thermodynamic efficiency is claimed by an experimental vehicle in the United States with an efficiency of 39%; this compares with 40% for the most efficient internal combustion diesel-powered production car currently on the market. In the foretold hydrogen economy, accidents in which hydrogen is released into the environment will be far more commonplace, and hydrogen is a very potent greenhouse gas. Proponents of a hydrogen economy argue that leaks and emissions would in fact not pose catastrophic damage to the environment because the hydrogen infrastructure of production and storage would be far more centralized than the current petroleum infrastructure and this would mean that the monitoring and repair of leaks and emissions could be better managed and technological upgrades could be more readily implemented.
|
The passage is supportive of the development of an automotive fuel cell.
|
contradiction
|
id_6690
|
The car of 2020 will probably have a hydrogen-powered cell to charge batteries that drive the wheels. The thermodynamic efficiency of this vehicle will be around 60% compared with an efficiency of 23% for the typical car being driven around on our roads today and it will have a range of 500 kilometres between fuel stops. Currently the best published fuel cell thermodynamic efficiency is claimed by an experimental vehicle in the United States with an efficiency of 39%; this compares with 40% for the most efficient internal combustion diesel-powered production car currently on the market. In the foretold hydrogen economy, accidents in which hydrogen is released into the environment will be far more commonplace, and hydrogen is a very potent greenhouse gas. Proponents of a hydrogen economy argue that leaks and emissions would in fact not pose catastrophic damage to the environment because the hydrogen infrastructure of production and storage would be far more centralized than the current petroleum infrastructure and this would mean that the monitoring and repair of leaks and emissions could be better managed and technological upgrades could be more readily implemented.
|
A hydrogen economy would be worse for the environment than the current petroleum economy.
|
contradiction
|
id_6691
|
The car of 2020 will probably have a hydrogen-powered cell to charge batteries that drive the wheels. The thermodynamic efficiency of this vehicle will be around 60% compared with an efficiency of 23% for the typical car being driven around on our roads today and it will have a range of 500 kilometres between fuel stops. Currently the best published fuel cell thermodynamic efficiency is claimed by an experimental vehicle in the United States with an efficiency of 39%; this compares with 40% for the most efficient internal combustion diesel-powered production car currently on the market. In the foretold hydrogen economy, accidents in which hydrogen is released into the environment will be far more commonplace, and hydrogen is a very potent greenhouse gas. Proponents of a hydrogen economy argue that leaks and emissions would in fact not pose catastrophic damage to the environment because the hydrogen infrastructure of production and storage would be far more centralized than the current petroleum infrastructure and this would mean that the monitoring and repair of leaks and emissions could be better managed and technological upgrades could be more readily implemented.
|
The overall benefits of hydrogen currently seem lacking.
|
entailment
|
id_6692
|
The carbonated soft-drinks industry is the most profitable drinks industry. There are three reasons for this. Firstly, the cost of producing carbonated drinks, such as cola and lemonade, costs the producer a fraction of the items selling price to make. Secondly, carbonated soft-drinks are purchased by the largest cross-section of society. Not only are soft-drinks popular amongst children and teenagers, they are a common addition to alcoholic beverages and often chosen by adults wishing to avoid alcohol. So the large target-audience of soft-drinks is another factor which contributes to the profitability of such products. Finally, research suggests that certain carbonated soft-drinks contain chemicals which have a mildly addictive quality. Caffeine is one such substance but there may be others. Therefore, many consumers of carbonated drinks are likely to be affected by such substances, leading to repeat purchases and even dependence. Such factors are to the advantage of the industry and lead to the increased profitability of their products but are frowned upon by industry regulators.
|
Caffeine is mildly addictive.
|
entailment
|
id_6693
|
The carbonated soft-drinks industry is the most profitable drinks industry. There are three reasons for this. Firstly, the cost of producing carbonated drinks, such as cola and lemonade, costs the producer a fraction of the items selling price to make. Secondly, carbonated soft-drinks are purchased by the largest cross-section of society. Not only are soft-drinks popular amongst children and teenagers, they are a common addition to alcoholic beverages and often chosen by adults wishing to avoid alcohol. So the large target-audience of soft-drinks is another factor which contributes to the profitability of such products. Finally, research suggests that certain carbonated soft-drinks contain chemicals which have a mildly addictive quality. Caffeine is one such substance but there may be others. Therefore, many consumers of carbonated drinks are likely to be affected by such substances, leading to repeat purchases and even dependence. Such factors are to the advantage of the industry and lead to the increased profitability of their products but are frowned upon by industry regulators.
|
Adults are more likely to buy a soft drink than an alcoholic drink.
|
neutral
|
id_6694
|
The carbonated soft-drinks industry is the most profitable drinks industry. There are three reasons for this. Firstly, the cost of producing carbonated drinks, such as cola and lemonade, costs the producer a fraction of the items selling price to make. Secondly, carbonated soft-drinks are purchased by the largest cross-section of society. Not only are soft-drinks popular amongst children and teenagers, they are a common addition to alcoholic beverages and often chosen by adults wishing to avoid alcohol. So the large target-audience of soft-drinks is another factor which contributes to the profitability of such products. Finally, research suggests that certain carbonated soft-drinks contain chemicals which have a mildly addictive quality. Caffeine is one such substance but there may be others. Therefore, many consumers of carbonated drinks are likely to be affected by such substances, leading to repeat purchases and even dependence. Such factors are to the advantage of the industry and lead to the increased profitability of their products but are frowned upon by industry regulators.
|
A can of carbonated soft drink will make more profit than a can of non- carbonated drink.
|
neutral
|
id_6695
|
The civic authority has advised the residents in the area to use mosquito repellents or sleep inside nets as large number of people are suffering from malaria.
|
Local residents have enough money to arrange for the repellents or nets.
|
entailment
|
id_6696
|
The civic authority has advised the residents in the area to use mosquito repellents or sleep inside nets as large number of people are suffering from malaria.
|
People may ignore and continue to get mosquito bites as they have other pressing needs.
|
neutral
|
id_6697
|
The clinical guidelines in asthma therapy have now moved towards anti-inflammatory therapy - and away from regular bronchiodilator therapy - for all but the mildest asthmatics. This is now being reflected in prescribing patterns. In the U. S. , combined prescription volumes of the major bronchiodilators peaked in 1991 (having risen slowly in the preceding years), though they still account for around half of the 65 million asthma prescriptions there. During the same period, prescriptions for inhaled steroids have doubled, but still account for less than 10% of asthma prescriptions in the U. S.
|
Use of bronchiodilators has been increasing since 1991.
|
contradiction
|
id_6698
|
The clinical guidelines in asthma therapy have now moved towards anti-inflammatory therapy - and away from regular bronchiodilator therapy - for all but the mildest asthmatics. This is now being reflected in prescribing patterns. In the U. S. , combined prescription volumes of the major bronchiodilators peaked in 1991 (having risen slowly in the preceding years), though they still account for around half of the 65 million asthma prescriptions there. During the same period, prescriptions for inhaled steroids have doubled, but still account for less than 10% of asthma prescriptions in the U. S.
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Bronchiodilators are the single most prescribed treatment for asthma.
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contradiction
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id_6699
|
The clinical guidelines in asthma therapy have now moved towards anti-inflammatory therapy - and away from regular bronchiodilator therapy - for all but the mildest asthmatics. This is now being reflected in prescribing patterns. In the U. S. , combined prescription volumes of the major bronchiodilators peaked in 1991 (having risen slowly in the preceding years), though they still account for around half of the 65 million asthma prescriptions there. During the same period, prescriptions for inhaled steroids have doubled, but still account for less than 10% of asthma prescriptions in the U. S.
|
Doctors are reluctant to treat asthma with inhaled steroids for fear of potential side-effects.
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neutral
|
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