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This example will demonstrate how you can do several things with strings.
1. Convert a string to Lower Case.
6. Chop of leading and trailing characters from strings.
8. Replace a substring by another.
print "Converting to Upper Case"
print "Substring from index 1 to 7"
print "Substring from the start till character at index = 7 (start of string is index 0): "
print "Substring from the character at index = 7, till the end of the string (remember: start of string is index 0): "
print "Find the index from which the substring 'llo' begins within the test string"
print "Now, let's look for a substring which is not a part of the given string"
print "Now, trying to find a substring between specified indexes only: looking for 'l' between 4 and 9"
print "find('l') on the given string returns the following index (scanning the string from left to right):"
print "rfind('l') on the given string returns the following index (this scans the string from right to left):"
print "Replacing World with Planet"
print "Splitting the string into words, wherever there is a space"
testString2 = "Hello World! "
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0.995883 |
Is this one of the greatest BAFTA acceptance speeches? When Louis Malle's Lacombe Lucien (1974) won the Best Film award in 1975, he took the opportunity to discuss his dinner rather than the film.
Informed by "about 265 people" that the food was going to be terrible, Malle went on to defend his "very good meal!"
In his career, Malle was nominated for 11 BAFTAs, winning four times. He also received the BAFTA Fellowship in 1991.
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0.999972 |
Jake�s story is actually a �saga�.
July 2004 he was picked up by Animal Control in Blackwood NJ & listed as �Marco� [collie mix]. We pulled him from the shelter and went straight to the vet in Mt. Laurel. He was half starved, very sick with Kennel Cough, in need of major TLC � not to mention medical quarantine. But the vet said to �take him home, give him the medications, and just keep him isolated for a week or so�. Not possible when living with 2 other dogs in a small townhouse!!!
Once again, Carol K stepped up to the plate and cared for Marco � now renamed JAKE over the next 6 months as he slowly recovered his health and strength. Vet care and foster home evaluation during that time raised questions about former abuse. Jake�s neck and jaw showed evidence of old injury. Had he been tied to a tree or did someone hit/kick him? We�ll never know ~ but Carol was very protective/selective in finding the right home. She turned a number of people down for various reasons. Finally the right person seemed to come along and he went to his new home during the winter of 2005.
The next line should read "and they lived happily ever after". Not so�.
Late spring of 2005, the owner contacted Carol & said Jake had growled & shown aggression towards her significant other. This was NOT like Jake at all. Carol did a repeat home visit and found a totally different environment. Without going into details, suffice it to say that Jake was removed from the home ~ adoption rescinded ~ and he was brought back to Mt. Laurel to be fostered for however long it took to figure out what had changed in his personality.
Whatever he�d been through had not made him aggressive or shy. He did not show bias towards people who looked a certain way [i.e., tall men, men with beards, people wearing hats, etc.]. He was always friendly and outgoing ~ a total extravert ~ he was, in short, an extremely gentle, calm, and wonderful dog.
Because he was SO well behaved, his foster mom took him to work with her almost every day. An ex-pen was used to extend her office space, allowing him to see folks coming into the main office. He greeted everyone with a wagging tail and was soon very popular with staff and visitors alike. Friendly with everyone, he did have a few �favorites� however, and as soon as he saw �his special people�, that long & bushy tail would be going a mile a minute. If not petted immediately, he�d whine like his heart was going to break. Our Jake could really work a room, as they say.
Things happen for a reason �.. A guest lecturer from across campus stopped by one day to take a look at the auditorium in preparation for his class. Jake was being his usual adorable self ~ and just happened to be standing right next to the �I�m for adoption� sign on his ex-pen. Well, the visitor was completely won over and made arrangements for an extended meeting, adoption application review, etc. etc. Things looked very promising, but given the earlier fiasco, it was decided to do a series of sleepovers, starting with a day or so, then longer as Jake and his [hopefully] new parents got to know each other. Was really cute ~ Jake went visiting with his own bed, toys, food and gates � like he was going off to camp. Then he�d come back to his foster mom for 3-5 days, go �camping� again �.
What were we looking for? The day when Jake arrived at "camp", hopped out of his foster mom�s car, ran up the steps to the front door and was so obviously �home� that it was no longer a camp visit .... He was going to be with his new mom and dad .
As I write this, it�s been 20 months since Jake was adopted by his �really forever� family. We occasionally see him on campus walking with his �dad�, and they�ve stopped by the office a few times as well. I�d like to think he remembers all of us. But even if he doesn�t, there is no mistaking how happy he is, how much he loves his family and is loved in return ~ the joy in his eyes speaks volumes.
just look at that smile !!
Jake, Buddy and "The Princess"
I hope this message reaches you doing well.
I have some sad news: Cara and I had to put Jake to sleep a few days ago. He had lost complete control of his back legs, we think because of neurological reasons, and while we were able to manage his pain for the last year, Jake just wasn�t able to even lift himself off the ground towards the end.
He went very peacefully and seemed to be at rest, and painful though it was, we think we made the right decision for Jake. We trust his four years with us were happy ones, and we are so thankful to you and the entire rescue society community for bringing him into our lives.
Carol Kukulya and I always referred to him as �our Jakey��.. he has held a special place in our hearts since we first met him in 2004. We always said that he couldn�t have found a more loving home than when he found Dave & Cara.
We cannot thank them enough for giving Jake a forever home. I have no doubt that they were the happiest years in his entire life !!
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0.99984 |
fact/value distinction, certainty, doubt, knowledge, etc.
well yes, i should think that recognizing the fact/value distinction in epistemology would be considered valuable insofar as it is another tool to be used in clearing up philosophical problems (or non-problems, if you will). but to say 'the fact/value distinction is useful and therefore i value it' is not the same as saying 'the fact/value distinction i use to clear up epistemological problems is good because i value it'.
now take a value statement that is a fact only because it expresses the fact that someone is valuing: 'the movie was great and i really enjoyed it because it was great'. there is nothing more in that statement in the way of facts other than the indicative mood it takes through the terms 'great' and 'enjoyed'. it may be a fact that the person was there in the theater, watched the movie, that the movie was well directed, that the actors acted well, that the storyline was sophisticated, and so on. these would be the facts about the movie that would be in place for the valuing to occur. but if another person said instead about the movie 'the movie was bad and i didn't enjoy it because it was bad', nothing about the facts would be changed... only the valuing.
on the other hand, valuing the fact/value distinction as a tool for examining epistemological statements would not change if someone decided that its results were undesirable. one realizes the 'goodness' of this tool exists in its ability to identify epistemic problems with certain kinds of value statements... but might not 'like' the results. the facts about the movie only become 'good' if someone thinks they are 'great' or 'enjoyable', while the facts about the fact/value distinction are always 'good' (which means hypothetically imperative) for the purposes they serve.
so it isn't clear to me what strauss might mean when he denies the distinction in the way you suggest.
saully wrote: For ultimately, "factual" "knowledge" comes down to things like "what do I consider justified belief?" (not to mention true belief, for "true" is at bottom a repetition of the defined—knowledge—; unless it be in the sense of a "true believer", someone who truly believes—but this, too, begs a value question: "how strong must a belief be to be 'true belief'?").
there's a lot of good stuff packed in those statements there, and you certainly recognize the important questions surrounding this ongoing debate in philosophy. let me show you something remarkable said by wittgenstein that has passed through two stages; first a rejection by many philosophers, then a change in understanding of what he's meant. finally we arrive at a kind of 'principle of charity' in understanding that bypasses the epistemological problems supposedly identified by this debate.
wittgenstein wrote: Certainty is as it were a tone of voice in which one declares how things are, but one does not infer from the tone of voice that one is justified.
wittgenstein wrote: It’s not a matter of Moore’s knowing that there’s a hand there, but rather we should not understand him if he were to say “Of course I may be wrong about this.” We should ask “What is it like to make such a mistake as that?“—e.g. what’s it like to discover that it was a mistake?
aha! what would be involved in knowing that moore was wrong? if there 'is not one hand', how does my recognition and understanding of this fact take place?
wittgenstein wrote: If you tried to doubt everything you would not get as far as doubting anything. The game of doubting itself presupposes certainty. What makes possible doubting is the fact that some propositions are exempt from doubt, are as it were like hinges on which those turn.
wittgenstein wrote: The idealist’s question would be something like: “What right have I not to doubt the existence of my hands?” (And to that the answer can’t be: I know that they exist.) but someone who asks such a question is overlooking the fact that a doubt about existence only works in a language-game. Hence, that we should first have to ask: what would such a doubt be like?, and don’t understand this straight off.
wittgenstein wrote: Moore’s view really comes down to this: the concept 'know’ is analogous to the concepts 'believe’, 'surmise’, 'doubt’, 'be convinced’ in that the statement “I know …” can’t be a mistake. And if that is so, then there can be an inference to the truth of an assertion. And here the form “I thought I knew” is being overlooked. But if this latter is inadmissable, then a mistake in the assertion must be logically impossible too. And anyone who is acquainted with the language game must realize this — an assurance from a reliable man that he knows cannot contribute anything.
for moore to say 'i know' is misleading, even though 'there is a hand'. moore cannot 'know' there is a hand because if he had knowledge of it, he should be able to doubt it... but he cannot doubt it... therefore he does not 'know' it.
kevin browne wrote: In order to understand Wittgenstein’s theory of knowledge, we must examine the relationship between knowledge, certainty, and doubt. Knowledge, for Wittgenstein, implies the possibility for going wrong and, thus, presupposes doubt. On the other hand, certainty lies outside the realm of knowledge and is qualitatively different from it. The relationship between these concepts is critical to understanding Wittgenstein’s approach, because it is through this relationship that we arrive at the end of justification. Beliefs can only be justified so far; beyond this one must act. Therefore, justification does not come to an end in a set of basic beliefs which act as the propositional foundations for our knowledge. Justification comes to an end in human activity.
a good question here would be; what does a difference in strength of belief look like.
in a state of certainty and belief, one goes about running through propositions 'in one's head' to check the reliability of the belief statement. but in doing so, one can always derive support for a truth-claim in some way by manipulating atomic propositions (consider the principle of explosion or reductio ad absurdem, for instance, with which we can make anything true).
wittgenstein wrote: When one says that such and such a proposition can’t be proved, of course that does not mean that it can’t be derived from other propositions; any proposition can be derived from other ones. But they may be no more certain than it is itself.
here W is showing that 'truth' cannot be arrived at propositionally; a complete set of deductive truths would be nothing more than a grand tautology. this was the revelation W arrived at in the post-tractatus period. a compete set of atomic fact statements mirroring the world would tell us nothing about the world... but only about the logical form of the world. the meaning of a truth statement therefore can't be gotten at epistemologically. meaning has to be the use of the language, the behavior. we find that moore does indeed see that 'here is a hand', but not because he 'knows' as much... rather because we can make no sense of what doubting such a thing in the language game would be like.
so with all this in mind, i don't say that it should not make sense to propose that 'it is saully's justified belief that there is no fact/value distinction' if i should be able to see what matters about such a claim in demonstration, as opposed to it not mattering. if i can't find a difference, then i have not found a genuine problem here. all we can do is take notice of the differing nature of statements about facts and statements about values in regards to how they exist in the proposition. they essentially mean different things epistemologically, but in drawing a line between them we do not prove value statements to be meaningless. we simply assign to them a different kind of language game... attempting to express something other than facts. facts do not change because of their being valued or not (see recent ayer quote in memorable quotes thread).
Re: fact/value distinction, certainty, doubt, knowledge, etc.
oh yeah, i should have used this example earlier to further explain the peculiar differences between being certain and knowing. both of these words - 'know' and 'certain' - are very critical and more often than not, used too casually and carelessly in philosophy.
let's say you are working out a mathematical problem, or following instructions for assembling some device. you produce a series of calculations (or follow a series of instructions) in a series of steps in order to solve the problem. when you arrive at your answer (or finished product), you say 'i know this is the correct'. here, as strange as it may seem, it is appropriate to say you 'know' you are correct, even if it turns out that you are wrong. why and how?
in saying that you 'know' you are correct, you imply that it is possible to 'doubt' that you are correct. here, knowing is something quite different than being 'certain'. being certain would mean that you are sure you didn't make any mistakes in your calculations, and in doing this you could not possibly doubt that your answer was correct. but 'knowing' your answer is not the same thing as being certain it is the correct answer. there is no room for doubt in certainty, but doubt necessarily comes with knowledge.
see here how, that, if you turned out to be wrong (after reviewing your steps and finding the mistake), you still 'knew' what your answer was. but to say you were 'certain' of the answer would be nonsensical because it would be denying the possibility that you made a mistake in your calculations.
for moore to say 'i know this is one hand', we should expect that he would be able to review the steps he had taken in making that determination.... but, where and what are the steps? aha! if moore has 'knowledge' here, he must also have 'doubt', and if he has doubt, it must mean that he could have gone wrong somewhere. but this is nonsense! therefore, moore does not 'know' 'here is a hand'... rather he is certain of it.
this insight expresses what W means when he asks what a mistake would be like, or what the negation of a claim would imply. as strange as the claim 'here is a hand' might be, the claim 'here is not a hand' is even stranger. and this is because the grounds for the idealist in doubting the existence of the hand are entirely lacking since such doubting already presupposes the existence of the language game in which it occurs.
brilliant. in that simple exchange W changes the entire context in which the meaning of the word 'know' had been so carelessly accepted by most philosophers.
now there is much more to be said in support of this radically new treatment of the concept of 'knowing' that W offers, and it'll make more sense once his concept of 'mind' (see beetle in the box) and the impossibility of 'private language' is understood. and this is no small task, to be sure. it would require a great effort and much posting, but because NOBODY IS HERE (*shakes finger at readers*), there is no point in departing for such an adventure. for if nobody is here, nobody can depart, right? right.
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0.998775 |
Can you help me use the timechart command drilldown to a dependent dashboard?
How do you use eval in XML drilldown?
You might want to share additional data insights when users click on data points, table rows, or other visualization elements in a dashboard. Use drilldown to build this interactivity into your dashboards.
Drilldown is a tool for configuring responses to user clicks on visualizations in a dashboard or form. Drilldown behavior is configured within individual visualizations. You can have separate drilldown configurations for each visualization in a dashboard. Depending on the visualization type, you can also enable drilldown on specific elements in a visualization, such as a table row or cell.
The drilldown actions that you configure happen when a user clicks the visualization element where the drilldown is enabled.
Drilldown can link a source dashboard or form to an external target that opens on a user click. The target can be a secondary search, another dashboard or form, or a website.
If you link to a website, make sure that you use a validly encoded URL. For example, any question marks (?) that should be recognized as question marks in a URL link should be changed to %3F. You can also create tokens for encoded URL characters that can be used in multiple places in your XML.
Drilldown can also trigger contextual changes in the same dashboard or form. For example, you can show or hide content depending on a clicked value.
Tokens are like programming variables. A token name represents a value that can change, such as a user selection in a form input. You can use a token name to access the value that it represents. In drilldown, you can use tokens to capture contextual values from the current dashboard or values from clicked elements. You might also define custom tokens to help implement interactive behavior.
You can pass token values to a target search, dashboard, or URL by configuring a drilldown to set tokens in the target to the captured source values. Setting token values in this way lets you show customized content in the target.
You can also use token values to trigger interactive changes in the current dashboard, such as content display or more specific search results. Configure elements in the current dashboard to listen for and respond to these changes.
Several predefined token types representing dashboard events are available within a drilldown context. You can use these tokens to access clicked fields, search events, and other dynamic values.
See Token usage in dashboards for details on working with the following token types.
Form inputs use a token to represent the value that users select in the input. If your drilldown target is a form, you can pass a value from a source dashboard to the input token in the target form so that users see content customized for the selected value.
To determine the token name for a form input, check the Simple XML source code for that input.
Predefined tokens represent search progress and completion events. Include search event handlers inside the <search> element for a visualization to get search job or result properties. You can use tokens to pass these values to the <drilldown> element.
You can use an <init> element to set token values when a dashboard loads in the browser. You can access token values from the <init> element in a <drilldown>.
You can access token values representing user pan and zoom or selection events in some chart types. See Chart controls for more information on working with these tokens.
Some tokens that you can use for drilldown are predefined in Splunk software. You can use these tokens to capture user actions or other values from a dashboard. For example, you can use the predefined $click.value2$ token to capture a clicked table cell value.
See Predefined drilldown tokens in the Simple XML Reference for a list of predefined tokens available for each visualization.
In addition to predefined tokens, you can create custom tokens to help create dynamic or conditional display behavior. These tokens can represent other values that change, such as search results.
Choose a drilldown action depending on the type of interactive behavior that you want and the data insights that you are sharing with users.
To view the most common use cases and examples of how to use a drilldown actions, note that you can access the Splunk Dashboards Quick Reference guide by clicking the link in Getting started.
Link to a search Link to a target Open a search page in the browser. A secondary search generates automatically to show results for the clicked value. You can also create a custom search.
Link to a different dashboard or form Link to a target Open a target dashboard or form in the browser. Use tokens to pass values to the target and show content customized to the clicked value or other values from the source.
Link to a URL Link to a target Open an external website in the browser. Pass token values from the source to the URL as query string parameters.
Manage token values in the current dashboard or form Trigger interactivity in the current dashboard Set, unset, or filter token values when a user clicks on an element in a dashboard or form.
Instead of linking to a different location, use token value changes to configure interactive behavior in the same dashboard. For example, you can use depends or rejects attributes in the dashboard to control panel show or hide behavior when a token is set.
Some drilldown components have default settings. Depending on the component, you can use the drilldown editor or Simple XML to customize them.
Enabled? If you are building a new visualization or dashboard, drilldown is disabled by default. If you are migrating existing dashboards to software version 6.6 or later, your prior drilldown settings, including drilldown enablement by default, are retained. Enable or disable drilldown using the drilldown editor or in Simple XML.
Element in the visualization where drilldown is enabled Varies by visualization. For example, you can enable drilldown on table rows or on single table cells to capture more specific clicked values.
Check the Simple XML reference for defaults and options. Use Simple XML to adjust the drilldown location.
Browser tab where linked searches, dashboards, or URLs open In the drilldown editor, the option to open in a new tab is selected by default.
In Simple XML, drilldown opens in the same tab by default.
In the drilldown editor, you can opt out of opening the drilldown target in a new tab. In Simple XML, add the target="blank" attribute to a <link> to open the target in a new tab.
Drilldown is disabled by default in new dashboard content. To disable drilldown, an <option name="drilldown">none</option> Simple XML element is added to visualizations that you save to a dashboard.
To avoid synchronization issues, do not delete this <option> from your dashboard source code. You can use the drilldown editor to change drilldown configurations or edit the <option name="drilldown"> element without deleting it.
You can use the drilldown editor to enable or configure drilldown actions. Some advanced configurations, such as conditional linking, are available only in Simple XML.
In the dashboard where you want to configure drilldown, click Edit.
Find the panel where you are adding or updating drilldown. Click the additional options icon at the right. Select Edit Drilldown.
Use the editor to enable and configure drilldown actions.
For details on configuring specific drilldown actions in the drilldown editor and in Simple XML, see the options and linked topics in Choose a drilldown action.
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0.934716 |
How can we learn to walk with the dog? Enriching our connection is the key. Proper equipment can be helpful but is not the total answer. I prefer to use front clip harnesses to help teach dogs to walk with out pulling, as they are less aversive than head collars and prong collars. If I want to increase the connection with my dog on a walk, that needs to start even before we get out of the door. It is good to teach dogs the word “wait”. That means stop until you are given permission to move forward. If we let our excited dogs blast out the door then we are already disconnected from them. If they have to wait, for permission, they will be looking at us in connection. Once we are out the door we have to stop once again to close the door, and the dog connects with us again, asking to go forward. So if we slow down the start of our walks, to get connected, we will have a better walk with our dogs. I like to practice a few sits at the beginning or recalls if I am working on a longer leash. Waits and u-turns are useful also. Really “tune in the radio” before we set off on our hike. Make it fun and rewarding to connect with you by bringing a pocket full of yummy treats to reward your dog if he comes back to you to check in of his own accord or does a nice recall.
Happy walking with your dog!
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0.999999 |
Title: Falling for Her Fake Fiancé - The Beaumont Heirs Series Book 5 Author: Sarah M Anderson Publisher: Harlequin Desire Published: 10-1-2015 Pages: 186 Genre: Contemporary Romance Sub-Genre: Family Saga; Series ISBN: 9780373734184 ASIN: B00UFJH24S Reviewed For NetGalley and Harlequin Reviewer: DelAnne Rating: 4.75 Stars All it takes to seal the deal is one little temporary engagement… Ethan Logan never fails. But taking over the multimillion-dollar Beaumont Brewery is proving impossible. To succeed will mean taking drastic measures. It means proposing to a red-haired Beaumont bombshell. It's the perfect plan—until Ethan realizes he wants her for more than just business… Frances Beaumont won't marry a total stranger and get nothing in return. But once Ethan agrees to the socialite's terms, she expects their charade to go off without a hitch. Frances doesn't believe in love and has never met a man she couldn't handle. And then one kiss from her fake fiancé changes everything… From the beginning the humor will have you chuckling in this story. The C=characters are done well, they are sharp witted and sharp tongued. Their bantering will keep you enthralled. The well written plot moves at a fast pace. The story is short enough to finish in an afternoon. My rating of "Falling for Her Fake Fiancé" is 4.75 out of 5 stars.
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0.999995 |
ALL DONE, except for one box!!
the drop down box does NOT offer this option. It will not let me save the document without entering something.
Does anyone have a suggestion...Am I missing something??
Please help if possible! Thanks!!
estadounidense this translates to U.S.
Ibarra -- Thank You so much for your reply!! Much Appreciated!
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0.965065 |
I’m trying to figure out how to change a setting in my phpbb_config file. Where do I do this?
If you’re talking about the config.php file for phpBB, you could ssh into the server and edit it on the server, or use FTP to download to your pc, edit with your favorite editor there, and upload back to the server. Either way, it’s a good idea to make a backup copy along the way.
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0.999819 |
What are stub networks and why to use them?
A stub network is a term describing a computer network part of a large whole that will typically send much or all of its non-local traffic out via a single path. Stub networks are usually only aware of a default route to non-local destinations or are presented with significantly less routing information. As a practical analogy, think of an island which is connected to the rest of the world through a bridge and no other path is available either through air or sea. Continuing this analogy, the island might have more than one physical bridge to the mainland, but the set of bridges still represents only one logical path.
In the network below there is four routers, three end-user computers, one stub area, one totally stubby area, one not so stubby area, and one transit area. In real world deployments a network could have dozens or hundreds of routers, devices, or areas depending on the scale of the network. We will configure OSPF to distribute routing information as needed and configure the stub networks accordingly. Stub areas and not so stubby areas should be part of any route distributions whereas totally stub areas should not.
Step 1: Configure all applicable router interfaces on each router.
Step 2: Enable a OSPF routing process with each router having a unique router-id using the address of the loopback0 interfaces, and enable OSPF routing on all applicable IP networks within one or more OSPF areas.
Step 3: Log neighbor up/down and reset reasons on each router.
Step 4: Configure OSPF peer authentication used to form an adjacency on each router and configure interfaces used to connect to hosts as passive.
Step 5: Configure password encryption on your routers so the passwords are not shown in the configuration in clear text.
Step 6: Suppress routing updates out of interfaces not used to form an adjacency.
Step 8: Configure area 1 as a stub network using the area 1 stub command on R1. This will ensure any router behind R1 also participating in OSPF will only receive summarized routing information in place of much more detailed routing information.
Step 9: Configure area 2 as a not so stubby area using the area 2 nssa command on R2. This will ensure any router behind R2 also participating in OSPF will only receive summarized routing information in place of much more detailed routing information. NSSA areas are used to connect discontiguous networks and external routing processes together.
Step 10: Configure area 4 as a totally stubby area using the area 4 stub no-summary command on R4. A totally stubby area will only have a default route advertised to them.
Step 11: Configure R4 to make use of a virtual-link. All areas in an OSPF autonomous system must be physically connected to the backbone area, area 0. In this example R4 is not physically connected to the backbone area and as such you must configure a virtual-link to connect R4 to the backbone through R3.
Step 12: Configure R3 to allow a backbone connection from R4. In this example R3 is a transit area for area 4 to reach the backbone and as such R4 must use a virtual-link to connect to the backbone area using R3.
Now that the configuration is finished lets verify our OSPF deployment. Using the show ip ospf neighbor, show ip route, and show ip ospf virtual-links commands on R3 you can verify the remote routers to which your router has formed an adjacency and verify the expected routes are being advertised. Use the ping command to verify connectivity. As designed OSPF is distributing routing information for all networks except for area 4.
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0.999931 |
How do biases affect decision making in mental health?
Bias in treatment recommendations is a problem health care in general. The focus on my research looks specifically at the biases in mental health care. In this field we find literature that suggests certain disorders are viewed as more “psychological” in nature and others are viewed as more “biological” in nature, and to some degree, there is evidence for this distinction (for example, see Ahn et al., 2009). However, this thinking can be problematic for two reasons: (1) mental health clients with a disorder that is viewed as more psychological in nature than biological in nature are seen to be more at fault for having their illness (Miresco & Kirmayer, 2006); and (2) holding someone accountable for his or her illness is associated with recommending psychotherapy for treatment rather than medication (Miresco & Kirmayer, 2006; Ahn et al., 2009). Perhaps this seems logical, if the cause is psychological then psychotherapy should be the best treatment choice, and when the cause is biological then medication should be the best treatment. However, this implies dualistic thinking. That is, when considering that psychological symptoms are best treated by medication it implies that there is a separation between the psychological and the biological self. Dualism assumes that our mind is non-material and therefore separate from our physical beings. The current paradigm in psychology rejects this notion and teaches materialism. According to the materialist paradigm our mind and body are both made of matter and therefore are not to be treated as separate parts of the person that need to be treated different. This is confirmed from our knowledge that changing our cognition can change the physical aspects of our brains, and also that medication can change our cognition. Additionally, we know that psychotherapy and medication both affect the brain (Kandel, 1998). Therefore, the bias that distinguishes psychological and biological causes of disorders can negatively affect the way we view individuals with mental illness and the treatment that is recommended for them.
In the current literature we see that when people are held responsible for the cause of their illness, whether it is a physical or mental illness, they are stigmatized (i.e. Crisafulli, von Holle, & Bulik, 2008). My current research seeks to understand whether the treatment choice of clinicians (and opinions of laypeople) differs when the client is clearly to blame for the causes of his/her mental disorder compared to when the client is not at blame for the causes of his/her mental disorder. One prediction of my research is that explicitly ascribing blame to the client will influence treatment choices such that those at blame are more likely be prescribed psychotherapy over medication for treatment.
To fully understand the influences of attitudes and biases in clinical decision making it is imperative to examine the biases themselves, the nature of the biases, and how they affect decision making and client care. Researching what biases exist in mental health care is important to further understand how these biases develop and the impact they might have in the mental health field. It is also imperative to look for ways to reduce biases in practice, either by awareness, training, or use of decision making aids.
Ahn, W., Proctor, C., & Flanagan, E.H. (2009). Mental Health Clinicians’ Beliefs About the Biological, Psychological and Environmental Bases of Mental Disorders. Cognitive Science (33), 147-182.
Crisafulli, M. A., Von Holle, A., & Bulik, C. M. (2008). Attitudes toward anorexia nervosa: The impact of framing on blame and stigma. International Journal of Eating Disorders 41(4), 333-339.
Kandel, E. R. (1998). A new intellectual framework for psychiatry. American Journal of Psychiatry (155), 457-469.
Miresco, M. J. & Kirmayer, L. J. (2006). The persistence of mind-brain dualism in psychiatric reasoning about clinical scenarios. American Journal of Psychiatry (163), 913-918.
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The American Civil War happened from 1861 to . The main cause was Southern states feeling that U.S. federal government in Washington D.C. should not the power to tell them what to do. was especially true about two issues, taxes and . The Southern economy was based on agriculture while Northern economy was based on manufacturing. Southern crops cotton were sold to factories and then southerners to pay taxes on the finished goods sold to them like clothing. Many southerners felt this unfair. Additionally the agricultural economy in the south reliant on the labor of enslaved Africans and descendants. Many people, especially from the North, felt was wrong and that slavery needed to be . Southerners felt the abolitionists were threatening their way life. Seven Southern slave states, banded together, declared secession and formed the Confederate States of America. government in Washington D.C. and its army was as the Union, since they were fighting to the country united.
Abraham Lincoln was president of United States during the Civil War. The President the Confederate States was Jefferson Davis. The first was the Battle of Fort Sumter. During the President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared freedom of slaves in the Confederate States of . This action was supposed to show that Lincoln still in charge of the entire United States.
Civil War was the bloodiest war fought inside United States. 620,000 were killed and millions more injured. One of the bloodiest battles of the War was the Battle of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania. ,000 people from both sides died, more than in other battle. The Civil War ended in 1865 General Robert E. Lee of the Confederate Army .
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C&C quenches its thirst with a cider acquisition spree | City A.M.
IRISH drinks group C&C yesterday said it had acquired the UK cider assets of Constellation Brands – including Blackthorn, Olde English and Gaymer – for £45m in cash.<br /><br />C&C chief executive John Dunsmore said the price of the assets was “highly attractive”, while analysts said the deal handed the company a third of the UK cider market. <br /><br />The Irish drinks group, which owns Magners cider, said the deal is not conditional on clearance by the UK Office of Fair Trading, but will be subject to review by the regulator.<br /><br />The acquisition will double C&C’s cider volumes to about 3m hectolitres. The UK cider market is the world’s largest by value with total volume of about 9m hectolitres.<br /><br />“The deal strengthens C&C’s UK market position in cider, completing its portfolio and brings scale to the UK business,” said Davy Research.<br /><br />C&C will finance the deal via a new £60m facility.<br /><br />New York-based Constellation said it sold the assets to allow it to focus on its higher growth, higher margin wine, beer and spirit brands. It will use the proceeds to reduce borrowings.<br /><br />C&C expects the transaction to complete by mid-January and to be immediately earnings accretive.<br /><br />It expects to see about £3m of synergies by the end of the 2012/13 financial year, and cash costs for achieving these synergies of about £1.5m to be incurred in the 2010/11 financial year.<br /><br />C&C agreed to buy the Scottish and Irish businesses of Anheuser-Busch InBev in August, giving it Scotland’s top lager Tennent’s.<br /><br /><strong>JOE LEWIS</strong><br /><strong>CONTROLS 23<br />PER CENT OF M&B THROUGH PIEDMONT<br /></strong><br />Barbados-based billionaire Joe Lewis has been in the public eye for his activist shareholder approach. The currency trader, is thought to have lost $981m (£595m) from the collapse of Bear Stearns, the US investment bank, last year. Lewis, 61, also owns Tottenham Hotspur Football Club through his investment vehicle Enic. Lewis is also known for spear-heading a £70m investment in Bulgarian property development.<br />He is the majority shareholder of British pub group Mitchells & Butler and controls a 23 per cent stake.<br /><br /><strong>JP MCMANUS<br />SHARES A 17.5 PER CENT STAKE IN M&B THROUGH ELPIDA<br /></strong><br />Legendary gambler and race horse owner, JP McManus has owned over 100 race horses and at one stage owned a sizeable chunk of Manchester United football club with Magnier, before selling it off to US tycoon Malcolm Glazer. <br />McManus counts golf champion Tiger Woods as a personal friend and beat him when the two met in a head-to-head match at Limerick Golf Club. McManus also owns the luxury Sandy Lane resort in Barbados, along with his other Irish tycoon companion Dermot Desmond.<br /><strong><br />JOHN MAGNIER<br />SHARES A 17.5 PER CENT STAKE IN M&B THROUGH ELPIDA</strong><br /><br />John Magnier first made his name as Ireland’s leading throughbred race horse stud owner. But his outside interests have also proved to be very lucrative. The 56-year-old multi-millionaire built up the Coolmore racing empire over thirty years. But his personal friendship with Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson was tested in a dispute over bloodstock rights to prolific racing winner Rock of Gibraltar. Magnier and McManus once held a stake in Manchester United and also own a 17.5 per cent stake in M&B’s.
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William Blake was born in London on November 28, 1757, to James, a hosier, and Catherine Blake. Two of his six siblings died in infancy. From early childhood, Blake spoke of having visions—at four he saw God "put his head to the window"; around age nine, while walking through the countryside, he saw a tree filled with angels. Although his parents tried to discourage him from "lying," they did observe that he was different from his peers and did not force him to attend conventional school. He learned to read and write at home. At age ten, Blake expressed a wish to become a painter, so his parents sent him to drawing school. Two years later, Blake began writing poetry. When he turned fourteen, he apprenticed with an engraver because art school proved too costly. One of Blake's assignments as apprentice was to sketch the tombs at Westminster Abbey, exposing him to a variety of Gothic styles from which he would draw inspiration throughout his career. After his seven-year term ended, he studied briefly at the Royal Academy.
In 1782, he married an illiterate woman named Catherine Boucher. Blake taught her to read and to write, and also instructed her in draftsmanship. Later, she helped him print the illuminated poetry for which he is remembered today; the couple had no children. In 1784 he set up a printshop with a friend and former fellow apprentice, James Parker, but this venture failed after several years. For the remainder of his life, Blake made a meager living as an engraver and illustrator for books and magazines. In addition to his wife, Blake also began training his younger brother Robert in drawing, painting, and engraving. Robert fell ill during the winter of 1787 and succumbed, probably to consumption. As Robert died, Blake saw his brother's spirit rise up through the ceiling, "clapping its hands for joy." He believed that Robert's spirit continued to visit him and later claimed that in a dream Robert taught him the printing method that he used in Songs of Innocence and other "illuminated" works.
Blake's first printed work, Poetical Sketches (1783), is a collection of apprentice verse, mostly imitating classical models. The poems protest against war, tyranny, and King George III's treatment of the American colonies. He published his most popular collection, Songs of Innocence, in 1789 and followed it, in 1794, with Songs of Experience. Some readers interpret Songs of Innocence in a straightforward fashion, considering it primarily a children's book, but others have found hints at parody or critique in its seemingly naive and simple lyrics. Both books of Songs were printed in an illustrated format reminiscent of illuminated manuscripts. The text and illustrations were printed from copper plates, and each picture was finished by hand in watercolors.
Blake was a nonconformist who associated with some of the leading radical thinkers of his day, such as Thomas Paine and Mary Wollstonecraft. In defiance of 18th-century neoclassical conventions, he privileged imagination over reason in the creation of both his poetry and images, asserting that ideal forms should be constructed not from observations of nature but from inner visions. He declared in one poem, "I must create a system or be enslaved by another man's." Works such as "The French Revolution" (1791), "America, a Prophecy" (1793), "Visions of the Daughters of Albion" (1793), and "Europe, a Prophecy" (1794) express his opposition to the English monarchy, and to 18th-century political and social tyranny in general. Theological tyranny is the subject of The Book of Urizen (1794). In the prose work The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1790-93), he satirized oppressive authority in church and state, as well as the works of Emanuel Swedenborg, a Swedish philosopher whose ideas once attracted his interest.
In 1800 Blake moved to the seacoast town of Felpham, where he lived and worked until 1803 under the patronage of William Hayley. He taught himself Greek, Latin, Hebrew, and Italian, so that he could read classical works in their original language. In Felpham he experienced profound spiritual insights that prepared him for his mature work, the great visionary epics written and etched between about 1804 and 1820. Milton (1804-08), Vala, or The Four Zoas (1797; rewritten after 1800), and Jerusalem (1804-20) have neither traditional plot, characters, rhyme, nor meter. They envision a new and higher kind of innocence, the human spirit triumphant over reason.
Blake believed that his poetry could be read and understood by common people, but he was determined not to sacrifice his vision in order to become popular. In 1808 he exhibited some of his watercolors at the Royal Academy, and in May of 1809 he exhibited his works at his brother James's house. Some of those who saw the exhibit praised Blake's artistry, but others thought the paintings "hideous" and more than a few called him insane. Blake's poetry was not well known by the general public, but he was mentioned in A Biographical Dictionary of the Living Authors of Great Britain and Ireland, published in 1816. Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who had been lent a copy of Songs of Innocence and of Experience, considered Blake a "man of Genius," and Wordsworth made his own copies of several songs. Charles Lamb sent a copy of "The Chimney Sweeper" from Songs of Innocence to James Montgomery for his Chimney-Sweeper's Friend, and Climbing Boys' Album (1824), and Robert Southey (who, like Wordsworth, considered Blake insane) attended Blake's exhibition and included the "Mad Song" from Poetical Sketches in his miscellany, The Doctor (1834-1837).
Blake's final years, spent in great poverty, were cheered by the admiring friendship of a group of younger artists who called themselves "the Ancients." In 1818 he met John Linnell, a young artist who helped him financially and also helped to create new interest in his work. It was Linnell who, in 1825, commissioned him to design illustrations for Dante's Divine Comedy, the cycle of drawings that Blake worked on until his death in 1827.
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The Siege of Deir ez-Zor was a siege imposed by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) against districts in the city of Deir ez-Zor held by the Syrian Army, in an attempt to capture the city and secure full control of the Deir ez-Zor Governorate. The ISIL siege of the city lasted for almost 3 years and 2 months, after which the Syrian Army launched a successful offensive that fully recaptured the city nine weeks later.
In April 2014, ISIL launched a large-scale offensive against Syrian rebel forces in Deir ez-Zor province. This resulted in the total defeat of rebel groups in the area, and ISIL gained control of almost all of Deir ez-Zor Governorate in July 2014. Syrian Government forces remained besieged in the pocket of territory they continued to control. On 10 September 2017, the siege was fully broken by Government forces. After another two months of fighting, the Syrian Army fully recaptured the ISIL-held parts of Deir ez-Zor city and its environs, by 17 November 2017.
Since the end of 2013, rebel forces surrounded Deir ez-Zor and captured half of the city and almost the entire province. ISIL became increasingly involved in the battle. The following rebel infighting in and near the city resulted in ISIL retreating from Deir ez-Zor in February 2014.
In April 2014, following their defeat at the hands of the rebels, ISIL returned and launched a large-scale offensive against the Syrian rebel groups in the Deir ez-Zor Province, expelling them from the area, and allowing ISIL to gain control of most of the Deir ez-Zor Governorate and besiege the remaining Syrian Government forces, in July 2014.
From early to mid-September 2014, ISIL made several unsuccessful attempts to breach the Deir ez-Zor military air base. During the fighting on 15 September 2014, the Siasiyya Bridge that links the rural countryside and the city was destroyed. It was initially unclear who destroyed it, but later confirmed it was blown up by Syrian Army combat engineers.
In late October 2014, the Army launched an offensive on the Sakr Island and within days made several advances, capturing 90 percent of the island, with ISIL forces left in control of only its northern part. One month later, the Army resumed its offensive on the island.
In early December 2014, ISIL launched an offensive in the direction of the Deir ez-Zor military air base. During three days of fighting, 68–200 militants and 43–51 soldiers were reported killed. Despite ISIL managing to penetrate the air base, as well as seize the mountain overlooking the city and two nearby villages, the Army eventually pushed ISIL's forces back and repelled the offensive.
On 5 January 2015, ISIL closed all roads, and cut off all optical fiber cables and other electric wires and cables leading to government-held districts of Deir ez-Zor.
By May 2015, fierce back-and-forth fighting raged in the city, with the Syrian Army and ISIL launching a series of attacks and counterattacks against each other. Early that month, ISIL forces captured Sakr Island. Two weeks later, the Syrian Army claimed that it was able to recapture most of it. However, it was confirmed that the island was still under ISIL control. At this point, due to ISIL's capture of the city of Palmyra, rumors started circulating that Syrian Government forces were preparing to abandon Deir ez-Zor.
In September 2015, ISIL started regularly to shell the airbase, severing the air bridge that had supplied the city with food and other goods.
In early November 2015, a new ISIL attack on the airbase was repelled.
On 16 January 2016, ISIL launched an offensive on Deir ez-Zor. Several assaults were conducted during the day, which included six ISIL suicide bombers in attempts to break into military positions. After a few days of heavy fighting, ISIL overran the Baghiliya and Ayyash neighborhoods, after which pro-government fighters and their families were among those targeted in the seized areas. The Syrian government and state media said that 250–300 people were killed, including some by beheading; the British-based SOHR had differing numbers, reporting 135 fatalities, of which 85 were civilians and 50 soldiers. ISIL also captured an army weapons depot and seized tanks. SOHR added that ISIL kidnapped about 400 civilians from families of pro-government fighters. Subsequently, ISIL forces captured areas south and west of Baghiliya. Overall, according to SOHR, about 440 people were killed in the five-day ISIL offensive, including: 200 soldiers, 110 ISIL fighters and 127 civilians. 30 of the ISIL militants were suicide-bombers, while 85 civilians and 48 soldiers were executed by ISIL. 42 civilians died in government air-strikes and shelling.
In mid-March 2016, the Army launched an attack toward the Thayyem Oil Fields, south of Deir ez-Zor. On the first day of their assault, government forces captured Tharda Mountain. After four days of fighting, the military managed to capture the oil fields.
Between April and May 2016, back-and-forth fighting took place as ISIL attempted to advance against government troops in the Industrial and al-Sina'ah districts of Deir ez-Zor city. The Army eventually managed to retain their positions.
In June 2016, Hezbollah sent elite reinforcements to help protect the provincial capital of Deir Ezzor. Later on the same month, the Thayyem Oil Fields were once again under ISIL control and the militants were positioned alongside the government-held Tharda Mountain. Late that month, a two-day long ISIL attack on the mountain was repelled. In July 2016, heavy Russian air-strikes against ISIL managed to relieve the pressure on Syrian Army troops stationed on the mountain.
On 17 September 2016, a series of 37 U.S.-led Coalition airstrikes near the Deir ez-Zor Airport, lasting from 3:55 to 4:56 p.m. (Damascus time), killed between 90 and 106 Syrian Army soldiers and wounded 110 more. The attack triggered "a diplomatic firestorm" with Russia calling a (then rare) emergency United Nations Security Council meeting as well as leading to the Syrian government calling off a nationwide ceasefire that had been the result of months of intense diplomatic efforts by the U.S. and Russian governments. The Syrian Army positions that were struck were on the Tharda Mountain and at a nearby artillery base. The airstrikes led to ISIL capturing the Tharda Mountain. Initially, the US Armed Forces did not outright admit that Coalition planes hit Syrian troops, but later the Coalition admitted their planes carried out the attack. The US stated that they halted the strikes as soon as they became aware of the Syrian Army's presence and regretted the unintentional loss of life.
In mid-January 2017, a new ISIL offensive was launched with the aim to cut the road between Deir ez-Zor Airport and the city. After two days of fighting, ISIL succeeded in cutting the road linking the air base to the city, leaving the government enclave split in two. During their advances, ISIL captured multiple positions, including the Sakan al-Jahiziya neighborhood on the highway between the city and Damascus, and a strategic mountain overlooking the city. Back-and-forth fighting continued for one month with the Army unsuccessfully attempting to reopen the supply line between the airport and the city. The clashes left more than 470 dead, including: 241 ISIL militants, 127 soldiers and 105 civilians.
As the siege of Deir ez-Zor intensified, fears rose that ISIL would commit a large massacre if it ever captured the city. ISIL attempts to breach the Army defenses of the Deir ez-Zor Airport continued well into March 2017. Also, late that month, ISIL conducted a tank assault on the government-held Al-Fourat university, located on the N7 Highway leading to the provincial capital. The same day, ISIL seized a large amount of ammunition and weapons that was intended for the Syrian Army but miss-dropped into ISIL territory by the Russian Air Force.
In early April, the Syrian Army made multiple attempts to reopen the supply line between the city and the airport. The fighting was primarily concentrated on the Cemetery Area. Towards the end of May, Army forces were still staving off attacks by ISIL fighters, while 100,000 civilians were surrounded and living without adequate food, services or safety. The UN's World Food Programme, in conjunction with the Syrian government and the Syrian Arab Red Crescent, regularly airdropped food and aid to the encircled pockets. Frequent fighting was also taking place in the Cemetery Area.
On 3 June, ISIL advanced near Deir ez-Zor, capturing positions near the Panorama roundabout and thus further increasing pressure on the 137th regiment military base. Heavy fighting continued the next day for control of two hilltops at the southern entrance to the city. On 5 June, ISIL managed to capture one of the hills, but were forced to withdraw due to heavy airstrikes. Later that night, a new ISIL attack against the Panorama roundabout was launched that was preceded by a suicide car-bomber. ISIL managed to capture several checkpoints near the roundabout, forcing Army units to withdraw to their second line of defense. ISIL attacks against the two hills also continued, but without any gains. The following evening, ISIL made another push but were repelled. Between 9 and 13 June, ISIL conducted waves of attacks on a daily basis, which were ultimately all repelled.
Between 7 and 11 July, a new series of ISIL attacks on Syrian Army positions around the city were repelled. One week later, Syrian Army troops themselves conducted attacks against ISIL positions. At the end of the month, another ISIL attack on Army positions was repelled. At the start of August, after managing to capture a 280 meter long ditch, the Army managed to impose fire-control over ISIL's supply line leading from Tharda Mountain through the Cemetery Area into ISIL-held suburbs of the city. This was followed by several new unsuccessful attempts by ISIL to breach Army lines between 6 and 12 August.
During May and June 2017, the Syrian Arab Army established control over most of the southern part of Raqqa province, as well as the Eastern Qalamun mountains. In mid-July, Syrian forces launched a campaign in Central Syria targeting ISIL strongholds in the provinces of Homs and Hama. On 27 August, the Army launched a major offensive along the Sukhnah-Deir ez-Zor highway. The next day, the Army, with the help of Russian air strikes, came within 66 kilometers of the surrounded city. In the morning of 29 August, the Syrian forces launched a surprise attack in the western part of Deir ez-Zor, directing ISIL's position in the strategic Panorama area. On 31 August, the Syrian Arab Army established full control over the strategic mountain of Bishiri, west of Deir ez-Zor city. The offensive was accompanied by comparable Russian air strikes on ISIL positions. Syrian and Russian aviation carried out a joint air attack on an ISIL command center in the al-Rashdiyah district of Deir Ezzor. By 31 August, the Syrian Army, headed by elite Tiger Forces, reached 50 kilometers towards Deir ez-Zor from Sukhna in the east.
During the first days of September 2017, the Syrian Army and its allies had reached the 137th Brigade base and were battling to reach the troops besieged inside. It was later reported that they had come within 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) of reaching the nearest army positions around the base. The siege was broken on 5 September 2017, at around 14:00 local time, when government forces met with elements of the 137th Brigade. The Deir ez-Zor airport continued to be besieged until it was relieved four days later, on 9 September.
The breaking of the ISIL siege of the city was met with scenes of celebration as civilians exchanged congratulations and fired celebratory gunshots into the air. According to one resident, people would "prefer the regime over Daesh" in the hopes that breaking of the siege could mean the gradual return of life to Deir ez-Zor, and along with it basic supplies.
On 14 September 2017, the Syrian Army launched an offensive to recapture the remaining ISIL-held districts of Deir ez-Zor city, capturing the district of Al-Baghiliyah. On 17 October, the Syrian Army secured a perimeter surrounding the ISIL-controlled half of the city, encircling the remaining ISIL forces in eastern Deir ez-Zor. Subsequently, the Syrian Army launched an operation to recapture the entire city from ISIL. On 3 November 2017, the Syrian Army fully recaptured Deir ez-Zor city and its surroundings from ISIL. On 17 November, Syrian Government forces captured Hawijat Kati Island, to the north of Deir ez-Zor city, fully bringing the rest of Deir ez-Zor and its outskirts under their control.
ISIL cut off the power supply to the city. As of February 2016, around 200,000 people resided in Deir ez-Zor. The siege resulted in widespread malnutrition and starvation of the civilians in the city. In response, the United Nations' World Food Programme has conducted 177 airdrops of food and other humanitarian aid to the besieged districts of the city since April 2016. 110,000–120,000 civilians remained as of January 2017, when an ISIL offensive on the airport forced the airdrops to be suspended. In November 2017, the UN estimated that at the start of the siege, around 200,000 civilians were besieged in the Syrian Government-held districts of Deir ez-Zor, which decreased to 90,000 near the end of the siege, with most of those civilians escaping or being smuggled out of the city during ISIL's siege.
As a result of the cut in electricity, only one electric generator-powered water pump was available, and the water was not treated. The Syrian Arab Red Crescent has installed several water tanks in response.
Between February 2015 and March 2016, more than 63 civilians were killed by ISIL bombardment on government-held neighbourhoods in Deir ez-Zor, in addition to 32 civilians who died of malnutrition and related diseases.
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^ "After Palmyra: Military and Economic Targets of the Islamic State".
^ "Agathocle de Syracuse - Syria areas of control (1 June 2015)". www.agathocledesyracuse.com.
^ Sputnik. "Syrian Troops Kill Almost 60 Islamists in Failed ISIL Attack on Airbase". sputniknews.com.
^ "Islamic State kills dozens in Syria's Deir al-Zor city". 17 January 2016 – via Reuters.
^ a b "Syria conflict: Conflicting accounts of Deir al-Zour attack". BBC News. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
^ a b "Deir Ezzor: Hundreds may be dead after ISIS abductions - CNN.com". CNN. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
^ "ISIS Captures Government-Held Ground in Eastern Syria". The New York Times. 19 January 2016.
^ Fadel, Leith (15 March 2016). "Syrian Army liberates Jabal Thardeh and advances to Thayyem Oil Fields in Deir Ezzor".
^ Fadel, Leith (19 March 2016). "Syrian Army liberates the Thayyem Oil Fields in Deir Ezzor".
^ Tomson, Chris (3 May 2016). "Syrian Army turns the tables on ISIS in Deir Ezzor - Map update".
^ Fadel, Leith (22 June 2016). "ISIS suffers over 20 casualties in failed Deir Ezzor offensive".
^ Fadel, Leith (24 June 2016). "Syrian Army liberates Jabal Thardeh in Deir Ezzor after failed ISIS offensive".
^ Fadel, Leith (7 December 2016). "Russian jets pulverize ISIS positions inside Deir Ezzor".
^ Fadel, Leith (25 July 2016). "Russian airstrikes crush ISIL's hopes in southwest Deir Ezzor".
^ CNN, Steve Almasy, Barbara Starr and Richard Roth. "Russia: Coalition strike kills Syrian forces". Retrieved 18 September 2016.
^ Richard Coe; et al. (2 November 2016). "Memorandum for USAFCENT/CC" (PDF).
^ "Syria ceasefire under threat after US-led strikes kill regime troops, Russia says". CNN. 18 September 2016. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
^ Leith Fadel (19 September 2016). "[Breaking] Syrian Army command declares ceasefire over". Al-Masdar News. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
^ "News, Sports, Jobs - News and Sentinel". www.newsandsentinel.com.
^ Charkatli, Izat (18 September 2016). "Video: ISIS militants cheer atop Syrian soldiers killed by US air strikes". almasdarnews.com. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
^ Yuhas, Alan; agencies (17 September 2016). "UN security council to hold emergency meeting on US air strikes in Syria". Retrieved 18 September 2016 – via The Guardian.
^ "Syria conflict: US air strikes 'kill dozens of government troops'". 18 September 2016. Retrieved 18 September 2016 – via www.bbc.com.
^ Youssef, Nancy A. (18 September 2016). "U.S. Admits It Bombed Syrian Troops". thedailybeast.com. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
^ Josie Ensor (16 January 2017). "Islamic State launches major offensive to take Syrian city". The Telegraph. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
^ Raydan, Noam; Alakraa, Nour (17 January 2017). "Islamic State Gains in Remote Syria Outpost" – via Wall Street Journal.
^ "The "Islamic State" organization controls a mountain overlooks Deir Ezzor city and gets closer to cutting its airbase's supply".
^ "Residents of Syria's Deir ez-Zor fear IS massacre". 24 February 2017.
^ Tomson, Chris (16 March 2017). "Islamic State launches fresh suicidal attacks on Deir Ezzor Airbase - Map update".
^ Fadel, Leith (17 March 2017). "ISIS suffers heavy losses in failed Deir Ezzor offensive".
^ Tomson, Chris (25 March 2017). "VIDEO: ISIS attacks Deir Ezzor university, seizes Syrian Army weapons stockpile".
^ Tomson, Chris (5 April 2017). "Syrian Army inches from lifting ISIS siege on Deir Ezzor Airbase - full report".
^ Fadel, Leith (6 April 2017). "Deir Ezzor Airport siege nears its end as Syrian Army troops liberate several points".
^ Adra, Zen (11 April 2017). "In Video: Syrian Army fights back ISIS in Deir Ezzor".
^ "'I don't know how we are still alive': In Deir e-Zor city, regime districts survive on airdropped rations while surrounded by Islamic State". Syria Direct. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
^ "The "Islamic State" organization advance in the vicinity of Deir Ezzor city and aerial bombardment on the countryside of Homs". syriahr.com. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
^ "ISIS Intensifies Operations In Deir Ezzor, Takes Panorama Roundabout South Of City". 4 June 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
^ "Battle for Deir Ezzor reaches tipping point as ISIL breaks through Syrian Army lines". almasdarnews.com. 5 June 2017. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
^ "Deir Ezzor update: Syrian Army holds strong amid a massive push by ISIL". almasdarnews.com. 5 June 2017. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
^ "ISIL's late night assault endangers key Deir Ezzor base". almasdarnews.com. 6 June 2017. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
^ "Battle for Deir Ezzor reaches critical stages as ISIL makes another push". almasdarnews.com. 7 June 2017. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
^ "ISIL terrorists litter battlefield in Deir Ezzor as Syrian Army troops hold strong". almasdarnews.com. 10 June 2017. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
^ "In pictures: ISIS throws all its military power against the Syrian Army in besieged Deir Ezzor". almasdarnews.com. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
^ "VIDEO: Syrian Army fights off second day of massive ISIS attack in Deir Ezzor". almasdarnews.com. 13 June 2017. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
^ "Syrian Army, Russian Air Force spoil ISIS plans to overrun Deir Ezzor city". almasdarnews.com. 14 June 2017. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
^ "ISIL takes a huge hit in Deir Ezzor after another desperate offensive". 7 July 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
^ "ISIL suffers heavy casualties in another daring Deir Ezzor offensive". 9 July 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
^ "Syrian Army makes ISIS pay heavy price for upholding Deir Ezzor siege". 11 July 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
^ "Syrian Army strikes back against ISIL in Deir Ezzor". 19 July 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
^ "Syrian forces deliver powerful blow to ISIL terrorists in Deir Ezzor". 28 July 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
^ "ISIS trapped in Deir Ezzor death zone after Syrian Army cuts jihadist supply line - Map update". 1 August 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
^ "Syrian Army cuts off key ISIL supply line in Deir Ezzor". 3 August 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
^ "In pictures: ISIS kicks off do-or-die offensive to capture Deir Ezzor city". 6 August 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
^ "ISIS launches failed offensive in Deir Ezzor after losing key stronghold in east Homs". 7 August 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
^ "ISIL suffers heavy casualties in failed Deir Ezzor assault". 12 August 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
^ a b "New offensive puts the Syrian Army 66km away from lifting the siege on Deir Ezzor". 29 August 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
^ "Syrian Army launches surprise assault in Deir Ezzor, liberates large area". 29 August 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
^ "Syrian Army takes over strategic mountain en route to Deir Ezzor". 31 August 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
^ "VIDEO: Syrian airpower flattens ISIS command base in Deir Ezzor". 31 August 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
^ "BREAKING: Syrian forces within 50 km of Deir Ezzor city". 31 August 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
^ "Syria army nears city besieged by Daesh". Agence-France Presse. Geo TV.
^ "BREAKING: Syrian Army now 3 km from ending Deir Ezzor siege". Al-Masdar News.
^ "Syrian army breaks three-year siege of Deir ez-Zor".
^ "Deir Ezzor update: Syrian Army advances along western bank of Euphrates River". AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز. 14 September 2017. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
^ "Syrian Army liberates three districts in Deir Ezzor City". Al-Masdar news. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
^ "Breaking of Islamic State siege on Deir al-Zour supports Russian and Iranian strategic objectives in eastern Syria". Janes 360. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
^ Conal Urquhart (11 June 2015). "Besieged by ISIS: Photographs From Inside the Syrian City of Deir ez-Zor". Time.
^ "Syria's forgotten war: The silent slaughter of Deir Ezzor". Middle East Eye. 18 February 2016.
^ "Syria: Heavy fighting forces UN food relief agency to suspend airdrops in Deir ez-Zor". United Nations. 17 January 2017.
^ "ISIS cut off Deir ez-Zor airbase, threaten 120,000 civilians – RT reporter". Retrieved 5 March 2017.
^ Anne Barnard and Margaret Coker (3 November 2017). "ISIS, Squeezed on Two Sides, Loses Syrian City and Border Crossing". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
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0.990142 |
Are artificial limbs a type of robot?
A Prosthetic is defined as an artificial substitute or replacement of a part of the body such as a tooth, eye, a facial bone, the palate, a hip, a knee or another joint, the leg, an arm, etc. A prosthesis is designed for functional or cosmetic reasons or both. A prosthesis is an artificial extension that replaces a missing body part. It is part of the field of biomechatronics, the science of fusing mechanical devices with human muscle, skeleton, and nervous systems to assist or enhance motor control lost by trauma, disease, or defect.
There are Four Main Types of Artificial Limbs. About This Image: C-leg prosthesis These include the transtibial, transfemoral, transradial, and transhumeral prostheses.
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0.938125 |
The following article is from the BBC about how Donal Rumsfled has raised concerns about the effectiveness and progress of the war on terror. The original article can be found at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3205717.stm.
A leaked internal memo by US Defence Secretary Donald Rumsfeld says the US faces what is described as a "long, hard slog" in Iraq and Afghanistan.
The memo, which was sent to the Pentagon's senior civilian and military leaders last week and was first reported in the USA Today newspaper, also questions if the US really knows whether it is winning the war on terrorism.
Posing a number of challenging questions, the memo says the record against the al-Qaeda network is mixed, and suggests the US does not have the right mechanisms to know whether it is capturing, killing or deterring more terrorists than are being recruited.
US officials have played down the significance of the document, saying the defence secretary was merely sounding out senior colleagues on long-term issues.
Larry Di Rita, the Pentagon's acting spokesman and a special assistant to Mr Rumsfeld, confirmed the authenticity of the memo, but said it was intended to prompt Pentagon leaders to look beyond Iraq and Afghanistan at the larger picture of the war on terrorism, AFP news agency reports.
"These are clearly big questions that deserve big thinking," Mr Di Rita told reporters.
But the BBC's Pentagon correspondent, Nick Childs, says the memo is likely to lead to new questions in Congress and elsewhere about the Bush administration's policy in pursuing the war on terror.
Mr Rumsfeld argues that the Pentagon has yet to make "any truly bold moves", that it is not possible to transform it fast enough to fight the new war and that a new institution either inside or outside the Pentagon may be needed.
Mr Rumsfeld cited "mixed results" against the al-Qaeda network blamed for the 2001 attacks, "reasonable progress" in tracking down top Iraqis and "somewhat slower progress" in capturing Taleban leaders in Afghanistan.
Recipients of the document included chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Air Force General Richard Myers, and Deputy Defence Secretary Paul Wolfowitz.
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0.950188 |
This article is about the second-longest river in South America. For the shorter river in Goiás, central Brazil, see Paranã River.
The Paraná River (Spanish: Río Paraná [ˈri.o paɾaˈna], Portuguese: Rio Paraná, Guarani: Ysyry Parana) is a river in south Central South America, running through Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina for some 4,880 kilometres (3,030 mi). It is second in length only to the Amazon River among South American rivers. The name Paraná is an abbreviation of the phrase "para rehe onáva", which comes from the Tupi language and means "like the sea" (that is, "as big as the sea"). It merges first with the Paraguay River and then farther downstream with the Uruguay River to form the Río de la Plata and empties into the Atlantic Ocean.
The first European to go up the Paraná River was the Venetian explorer Sebastian Cabot, in 1526, while working for Spain.
The course is formed at the confluence of the Paranaiba and Rio Grande rivers in southern Brazil. From the confluence the river flows in a generally southwestern direction for about 619 km (385 mi) before encountering the city of Saltos del Guaira, Paraguay. This was once the location of the Guaíra Falls (Sete Quedas waterfalls, where the Paraná fell over a series of seven cascades. This natural feature was said to rival the world-famous Iguazu Falls to the south. The falls were flooded, however, by the construction of the Itaipu Dam, which began operating in 1984.
For approximately the next 200 km (120 mi) the Paraná flows southward and forms a natural boundary between Paraguay and Brazil until the confluence with the Iguazu River. Shortly upstream from this confluence, however, the river is dammed by the Itaipu Dam, the second largest hydroelectric power plant in the world (following the Three Gorges Dam in the People's Republic of China), and creating a massive, shallow reservoir behind it.
After merging with the Iguazu, the Paraná then becomes the natural border between Paraguay and Argentina. Overlooking the Paraná River from Encarnación, Paraguay, across the river, is downtown Posadas, Argentina. The river continues its general southward course for about 468 km (291 mi) before making a gradual turn to the west for another 820 km (510 mi), and then encounters the Paraguay River, the largest tributary along the course of the river. Before this confluence the river passes through a second major hydroelectric project, the Yaciretá Dam, a joint project between Paraguay and Argentina. The massive reservoir formed by the project has been the source of a number of problems for people living along the river, most notably the poorer merchants and residents in the low-lying areas of Encarnación, a major city on the southern border of Paraguay. River levels rose dramatically upon completion of the dam, flooding out large sections of the city's lower areas.
From the confluence with the Paraguay River, the Paraná again turns to the south for another approximately 820 km (510 mi) through Argentina, making a slow turn back to the east near the city of Rosario for the final stretch of less than 500 km (310 mi) before merging with the Uruguay River to form the Río de la Plata. This flows into the Atlantic Ocean. During the part of its course downstream from the city of Diamante, Entre Ríos, it splits into several arms and it forms the Paraná Delta.
Together with its tributaries, the Rio Paraná forms a massive drainage basin that encompasses much of the southcentral part of South America, essentially including all of Paraguay, much of southern Brazil, northern Argentina, and the southeastern part of Bolivia. If the Uruguay River is counted as a tributary to the Paraná, this watershed extends to cover most of Uruguay as well. The volume of water flowing into the Atlantic Ocean through the Río de la Plata roughly equals the volume at the Mississippi River delta. This watershed contains a number of large cities, including São Paulo, Buenos Aires, Rosario, Asunción, Brasília, and La Plata.
The Paraná and its tributaries provide a source of income and of daily sustenance for fishermen who live along its banks. Some of the species of fish (such as the surubí and the sábalo) are commercially important, and they are exploited for heavy internal consumption or for export. The Parana River delta ranks as one of the world's greatest bird-watching destinations.
Much of the length of the Paraná is navigable, and the river serves as an important waterway linking inland cities in Argentina and Paraguay with the ocean, providing deepwater ports in some of these cities. The construction of enormous hydroelectric dams along the river's length has blocked its use as a shipping corridor to cities further upstream, but the economic impact of those dams offsets this. The Yacyretá Dam and the Itaipu Dam on the Paraguay border have made the small, largely undeveloped nation of Paraguay the world's largest exporter of hydroelectric power.
Due to its use for oceangoing ships, measurements of the water tables extend back to 1904. The data correlates with the solar cycle.
Paraná River source at the border of the states of São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul and Minas Gerais, in Brazil.
^ "Monitoramento da Qualidade das Águas Superficiais da Bacia do Río Paranaíba: Relatório Annual 2007". Governo do Estado de Minas Gerais, Instituto Mineiro de Gestão das Águas. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF in ZIP) on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 12 August 2010.
^ Iriondo, Martín H., Juan César Paggi, and María Julieta Parma, eds. The Middle Paraná River: limnology of a subtropical wetland. Chapter "Birds." Springer Science & Business Media, 2007.
^ Pablo J.D. Mauas & Andrea P. Buccino. "Long-term solar activity influences on South American rivers" page 5. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics on Space Climate, March 2010. Accessed: 20 September 2014.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Paraná River.
"Paraná" . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
This page was last edited on 11 April 2019, at 15:06 (UTC).
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0.992967 |
Our approach is based on the three cornerstone principle of Brand, Rapport & Support which we believe are the underlying factors contributing to success. With Brand comes value and equity, which are based on the strength of the products and recognition of the brand name as a result of the standard, efficiency and reach. Next comes Support which involves operational excellence in terms of team work, know-how and expertise in creating bridges with key clientele via effective marketing stemming from competitor awareness, clinical information and CMEs. Finally there is Rapport which includes relationship building and affinity by editorial aspects as well as indicator profiles.
To implement ethical marketing with commitment and transparency to all customers, employees, business associates and the society.
To provide services of high quality and offer superior value to our customers.
To create a work culture and ethos that builds a positive and dynamic attitude, encouraging core attributes such as Team Spirit, Innovation, Responsibility and Excellence.
Practice mutual respect, dignity and equality towards all.
Draw strategic business plan for our principle.
Our approach is based on three cornerstone principle BRAND, RAPPORT & SUPPORT which we believe are the underlying factors that is contributing to Our Success!
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0.99576 |
I wonder what is the benefit of having Bitcoin reduce the coins mined per block over time?
Suppose a slightly less deflationary growth scheme was possible (and keep other properties that make Bitcoin desirable), that might encourage more people to use it as an actual currency and less as a hoarding item.
For instance, can another blockchain-network be created that increases 0.5% the coins mined per X number of mined blocks?.
I believe that it's by design.
As others have stated, several other crypto-currencies have different inflation rules. I believe, however, that Bitcoin was designed with a fixed money supply to motivate early adopters to adopt the currency, thus bootstrapping it into existance.
One could argue that "it's not fair to late comers", but if it works (= it eventually gets millions of people to use the currency), then it was a good design choice.
It makes it relatively easy to reason about potential worth of BTC. The argument goes like this: "If there will only ever be 21,000,000 BTC, and some day 1% of the entire world be using it, then 1 BTC will be worth 1/2,100,000,000 of the world's 'value'. I better get me some of that BTC". This calculation does not depend on when exactly is "some day" - be it 10 or 100 years in the future.
It's technically possible to have a blockchain with any generation schedule, such as X% inflation per year or constant reward per block.
The Austrian economics school, to which apparently Satoshi and a large part of Bitcoin's early adopters subscribe, says that the optimal situation is that the monetary supply is bounded.
If you want to have some long-term inflation you will need to choose what it is, and any choice will be arbitrary. "0% inflation" is a bit less arbitrary option to anchor on.
One of Bitcoin's key properties is that the monetary is supply is not manipulable, and it's perceptually easier to sell it on this point by saying "The protocol guarantees there will never be more than 21M bitcoins" than "The protocol guarantees that in the long term, there will not be more than 3% monetary inflation per year".
GeistGeld and SolidCoin offer block rewards that don't decrease over time, I believe. Bear in mind they also have other major differences to the design of Bitcoin though, especially SolidCoin (because it's not a community driven open source project).
The advantage of having a limited number of units is that it is a better store of value. On average, a unit of currency should only increase in value over time. Because we can break one bitcoin down to 8 decimal places (and further if necessary), there's no need to have it any other way.
When it comes to hoarding, the current exchange rate takes into account likely future increases in value (as well as potential risk of things like a collapse in value).
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged currencies mining-reward reward-schedule inflation deflation or ask your own question.
Why are all popular crypto currencies deflationary?
Is Bitcoin deflationary and inflationary at the same time?
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0.99492 |
Take on the role of a daring astronaut! 3 levels of Platforming action!
Feels super cool! The shaking and steering is top notch. I absolutely love how the spaceship tilting influences the gameplay after the countdown. It feels right and super nice!
...although it might shake a bit too much.
Is the black hole level supposed to have nothing? I assumed so, since it's ablack hole, but just wondering.
This is really cool for what is, but I wish there was more of it. It's pretty fun trying to reach the top of the rocket before it launches, but with only three levels the games over almost as soon as it begins. Then again you must be doing something right if I wanted to play more.
The graphics and look pretty and I really like the effect when the rocket launches. It's a nice detail having a platform that moves away when the astronaut gets onto the rocket. The music and sounds are also cool and add to the atmosphere of the game.
Shame there's not more to the level design because everything else was pretty solid.
+1 for getting lives between levels.
I'll just add something that's not really you fault but: GMS2 currently has a bug in fullscreen that increases the framerate to match the refresh rate of the display. I have a 144hz one, so this is pretty unplayable fullscreened. Thankfully you didn't prevent players to alt-enter out of it like others have done, but some scaling options would have been nice, because the base resolution is really small :( Alternatively, you can look into delta_time, which is overall a good idea no matter what.
Level design definitely suffered due to time constraints, even if I had just slowed down the dude's ladder climb and walking speed it would of made a huge difference. I really appreciate the feedback especially the bit about delta time. I experienced this when I tested the executable for the first time and had no idea how to fix it. I was relieved when it worked on my gf's laptop and decided to ignore the problem. I'm very glad you brought up delta time, I will definitely look into that.
Well, that was bloody intense. Tight controls backed by multiple character sprites, details such as bigger and smaller countdown screens and pressure plates, I enjoyed it. Really cool intro & outro to each stage, combined with the losing condition where you're burning, but you still have some time to get to the top of the space shuttle, and the backgrounds changing depending on the planet, it's just really immersive.
What would make the game better imo? Difficult jumps, small puzzles between floors, hurtful obstacles, and a longer timer depending on the difficulty. The first level was in my opinion the most difficult because of the boxes in the beginning.
I don't think you can download music to put in your game, but I don't know when it was made originally.
One brave astronaut faces the countdown to liftoff and then the countdown to the inside of a black hole.
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0.930083 |
like I was five too, I made a casual remark about Mother Nature and her moods.
“Who is Mother Nature?” piped Jasper.
understanding - or perhaps he was just shivering.
Mother Nature to laughing about her cousin Jack Frost — what an imp.
them into this issue. You’ll be inspired.
ammunition enough for a whole Winter of spirited conversations.
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0.910017 |
John Felix Anthony Cena(pronounced /ˈsiːnə/; born April 23, 1977) is an American actor, professional wrestler and rapper. He is currently signed to WWE as a member of its WWE Raw brand.
In WWE, Cena has won 19 championships in total, including 12 World Titles (having won the WWE Championship a record 10 times and the World Heavyweight Championship twice). In addition, Cena has also won the WWE United States Championship three times,and is a four-time Tag Team Champion, having held the World Tag Team Championship twice (once each with Shawn Michaels and Batista),and the WWE Tag Team Championship twice (once each with David Otunga and The Miz). Cena also won the 2008 Royal Rumble match, and is a two-time Superstar of the Year Slammy Award winner (2009 and 2010). He also has the fourth highest number of combined days as WWE Champion behind Bob Backlund, Hulk Hogan & Bruno Sammartino.
Cena started his professional wrestling career in 2000, wrestling for Ultimate Pro Wrestling, where he held the UPW Heavyweight Championship. In 2001, Cena signed a contract with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) and was sent to Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW) where he held the OVW Heavyweight Championship and the OVW Southern Tag Team Championship (with Rico Constantino).
Outside of wrestling, Cena has released the rap album You Can't See Me, which debuted at No.15 on the US Billboard 200 chart, and starred in the feature films The Marine (2006), 12 Rounds (2009), and Legendary (2010).Cena has also made appearances on television shows including Manhunt, Deal or No Deal, MADtv, Saturday Night Live, Punk'd, and Psych. Cena was also a contestant on Fast Cars and Superstars: The Gillette Young Guns Celebrity Race, where he made it to the final round before being eliminated, placing third in the overall competition.
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0.979887 |
Why are Lateral Rotation Mattresses used?
Lateral Rotation Mattresses are bed mattresses which utilize independent air cells in the mattress to constantly rotate the patient from side to side to provide proper pressure redistribution. Lateral Rotation Therapy reduces the risk of pulmonary complications, stimulates gastrointestinal tract, improves circulation and provides pressure relief without disturbing the patient. Lateral Rotation Mattresses are generally designed to fit all standard hospital beds and include a high density foam base, head bolster and abduction wedge for additional patient safety.
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0.999911 |
Add support for ix86 32 bit architectures.
- Add command line option for page offset.
- Add command line option for kernel configuration file.
- Parse kernel config file for page offset (CONFIG_PAGE_OFFSET).
- Use page offset when checking for kernel virtual addresses.
(leaking_addresses: fix typo function not called).
-my $output_raw = ""; # Write raw results to file.
-my $input_raw = ""; # Read raw results from file instead of scanning.
+my $raw = 0; # Show raw output.
+my $output_raw = ""; # Write raw results to file.
+my $input_raw = ""; # Read raw results from file instead of scanning.
+my $suppress_dmesg = 0; # Don't show dmesg in output.
+my $squash_by_path = 0; # Summary report grouped by absolute path.
+my $squash_by_filename = 0; # Summary report grouped by filename.
-my $suppress_dmesg = 0; # Don't show dmesg in output.
-my $squash_by_path = 0; # Summary report grouped by absolute path.
-my $squash_by_filename = 0; # Summary report grouped by filename.
+ -o, --output-raw=<file> Save results for future processing.
+ -i, --input-raw=<file> Read results from file instead of scanning.
+ --raw Show raw results (default).
+ --suppress-dmesg Do not show dmesg results.
+ --squash-by-path Show one result per unique path.
+ --squash-by-filename Show one result per unique filename.
+ --page-offset-32bit=<hex> PAGE_OFFSET value (for 32-bit kernels).
+ -d, --debug Display debugging output.
+ -h, --help, --version Display this help and exit.
+ # Scan kernel on a 32-bit system with a 2GB:2GB virtual address split.
+ printf "failed to detect architecture\n"
+ # Allow --page-offset-32bit to override.
+ # Allow --kernel-config-file to override.
# One of these is guaranteed to be true.
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0.987014 |
Are raccoons giving you sleepless nights in your backyard? While they are not associated with any immediate danger to humans except for causing structural damage to the backyard in search of food, the presence of raccoons the backyard is likely to unsettle any home-owner. Fortunately, there are many ways of safely warding off these animals from encroaching into your territory. Join me as I introduce you to the tried and tested methods on how to remove raccoons from your backyard.
Like any other animal, one of the primary motives for raccoons venturing into your yard is in search for food. Therefore, one of the ways in which you can get rid of them from your backyard is by ensuring that any trash or food that is left behind is kept far away from the backyard. As a shrewd home-owner, you should have an efficient garbage disposal system that ensures that your trash cans are always clean.
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0.642903 |
For other uses, see God Bless America (disambiguation).
In 1938, with the rise of Adolf Hitler, Irving Berlin, who was Jewish and had arrived in America from Russia at the age of five, felt it was time to revive it as a "peace song," and it was introduced on an Armistice Day broadcast in 1938, sung by Kate Smith on her radio show. Berlin had made some minor changes; by this time, "to the right" might have been considered a call to the political right, so he substituted "through the night" instead. He also provided an introduction that is now rarely heard but which Smith always used: "While the storm clouds gather far across the sea / Let us swear allegiance to a land that's free / Let us all be grateful for a land so fair, / As we raise our voices in a solemn prayer." (In her first broadcast of the song, Kate Smith sang "that we're far from there" rather than "for a land so fair".) This was changed when Berlin published the sheet music in March 1939.
Woody Guthrie criticized the song, which he considered unrealistic and complacent, and in 1940 he wrote "This Land Is Your Land," originally titled "God Blessed America For Me," as a response. Anti-Semitic groups such as the Ku Klux Klan also protest the song due to its authorship by a Jewish immigrant.
In 1943, Smith's rendition was featured in the patriotic musical "This is the Army" along with other Berlin songs. The manuscripts in the Library of Congress reveal the evolution of the song from victory to peace. Berlin gave the royalties of the song to 'The God Bless America Fund' for redistribution to Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts in New York City. Smith performed the song on her two NBC television series in the 1950s and in her short-lived The Kate Smith Show on CBS, which aired on CBS from January 25 to July 18, 1960. "God Bless America" also spawned another of Irving Berlin's tunes, "Heaven Watch The Philippines," during the end of World War II after he heard the Filipinos sing a slightly revised version of the song replacing "America" with "The Philippines."
The song was used early in the Civil Rights Movement as well as at labor rallies. During the 1960s, the song was increasingly used by Christian conservatives in the US to signal their opposition to secular liberalism and to silence dissenters who were speaking in favor of communism or in opposition to the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.
Later, from December 11, 1969, through the early 1970s, the playing of Smith singing the song before many home games of the National Hockey League's Philadelphia Flyers brought it renewed popularity as well as a reputation for being a "good luck charm" to the Flyers long before it became a staple of nationwide sporting events. The Flyers even brought Smith in to perform live before Game 6 of the 1974 Stanley Cup Finals on May 19, 1974, and the Flyers won the Cup that day.
"America" was the official campaign song for Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1940, as well as his Republican opponent, Wendell Willkie. At that time, the song represented cultural and religious tolerance.
During a live television broadcast on the evening of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, following addresses by then House and Senate leaders Dennis Hastert and Tom Daschle, members of the United States Congress broke out into an apparently spontaneous verse of "God Bless America" on the steps of the Capitol building in Washington, D.C.
On July 21, 2011, Smith's version of the song was played as NASA's final wakeup call for the space shuttle Atlantis (STS-135), capping the 30-year shuttle program.
At some Flyers' home games, especially during big games and the playoffs, their main anthem singer, Lauren Hart, has sung "God Bless America" alternating lyrics with Kate Smith on a video screen. Kate Smith actually appeared in person to sing at select Flyers games, including their 1974 Stanley Cup clinching game against the Boston Bruins, to which she received a thunderous ovation from the passionate Philadelphia fans. Before games whenever "God Bless America" is performed, Lou Nolan, the PA announcer for the Flyers at the Wells Fargo Center, would say: "Ladies and gentlemen, at this time, we ask that you please rise and remove your hats and salute to our flags and welcome the No. 1 ranked anthemist in the NHL, Lauren Hart, as she sings (if the visiting team is from Canada, O Canada, followed by) God Bless America, accompanied by the great Kate Smith."
At some Senators home games since 2000–01, if the visiting team is from the U.S., their main anthem singer, Ontario Provincial Police Constable Lyndon Slewidge, has sung "God Bless America" and "O Canada." An example of this came during the Senators' home opener during the 2002-03 season, when they were home against the New Jersey Devils.
During Tom Golisano's time as owner of the Buffalo Sabres, the team occasionally substituted "God Bless America" for "The Star Spangled Banner" during certain special events. When this occurred, Ronan Tynan was brought in to sing the song while usual anthem singer Doug Allen sang "O Canada."
At Chicago's Wrigley Field during the Vietnam War, the song was often played by the organist as part of his postgame playlist while fans filed out of the stadium.
Since the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, "God Bless America" is commonly sung during the seventh-inning stretch in Major League Baseball games, most often on Sundays, Opening Day, Memorial Day, Independence Day, All-Star Game, Labor Day, September 11, and all post-season Major League Baseball games. Following the attacks, John Dever, then the Assistant Media Relations Director with the San Diego Padres, suggested the song replace "Take Me Out to the Ball Game", the more traditional 7th inning anthem. MLB quickly followed the Padres lead and instituted it league-wide for the rest of the season; presently, teams decide individually when to play the song. Yankee Stadium, and Turner Field are currently the only Major League ballparks to play "God Bless America" in every game during the seventh-inning stretch. The Yankees' YES Network televises its performance during some (mainly home) games before going to a commercial. During major games (playoff contests, Opening Day, national holidays, or games against Boston or the Mets), the Yankees will often have Irish tenor Ronan Tynan perform the song.
On August 26, 2008, at a Boston Red Sox game at Yankee Stadium, a fan who had attempted to leave for the restroom during the playing of the song was restrained and subsequently sent out of the building by NYPD officers. Part of the resolution of the resulting lawsuit was that the New York Yankees announced that they would no longer restrict the movement of fans during the playing of the song.
On September 15, 2009, three high school teens filed a lawsuit against New Jersey's minor league Newark Bears for being ejected from Eagles Riverfront Stadium over their refusal to stand during the playing of "God Bless America" on June 29, 2009. Before being ejected, they were asked to leave the stadium by Bears president and co-owner Thomas Cetnar.
To honor the start of the United States Bicentennial, Kate Smith sang "God Bless America" for a national television audience, accompanied by the UCLA Band at the 1976 Rose Bowl.
The Indianapolis 500 is traditionally run at the end of the month of May, and "God Bless America" has been sung there since 2003. The song "America the Beautiful" was sung before, but it was switched to "God Bless America" in the post-9/11 era. The song has traditionally been performed by Florence Henderson, a native Hoosier, and is a friend of the Hulman-George family, the track's owners. Her performance, often not televised, immediately precedes the national anthem. Henderson routinely sings the entire song, including the prologue, and in some years sings the chorus a second time.
Following the September 11 terrorist attacks, Canadian pop star Celine Dion performed the song on the TV special America: A Tribute to Heroes. Shortly afterwards on October 16, Sony Music Entertainment released a benefit album called God Bless America, which featured Dion singing the song. The album debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 and became the first charity album to reach the top since USA for Africa's "We Are the World" in 1985. Dion's version also received enough radio airplay to reach No. 14 on Billboard's Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart. The music video was made and aired in September 2001. Dion performed the song also a few times during 2002. In 2003, she performed it at Super Bowl XXXVII, which was the first time that "God Bless America" was performed at a Super Bowl. She sang it on July 4, 2004 in her A New Day... show as well. "God Bless America" performed by Dion exists in two versions, live and studio. Both included on collections to gather funds for the victims of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and their families. The live version, on America: A Tribute to Heroes, is from the telethon event of the same name that took place on September 21, 2001. The studio version is on the God Bless America album, a patriotic songs CD. It was recorded on September 20, 2001, the day before the American telethon. It was meant to be a replacement for the performance in the event something happened and Dion couldn't appear.
The song was recorded by New York City's "singing cop," Daniel Rodríguez, and charted for one week at No. 99 on the Billboard Hot 100 as a single. Before the 2001 versions, the last time "God Bless America" had been a Billboard chart hit was in 1959 when Connie Francis reached No. 36 with her version (the B-side of her Top 10 hit "Among My Souvenirs").
In 1996 Yiddish singer Leo Fuld recorded a Dutch version of the song as God Bless The Netherlands, that he presented and sang on April 30 to Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands.
In 1997, American country music recording artist LeAnn Rimes recorded a cover of the song on her second studio album, You Light Up My Life: Inspirational Songs. After the events of September 11, Rimes rereleased the song on a compilation album by the same name. Rimes also released the song on a CD single. Two versions were released on October 16, 2001. Both versions contain the song as the A-side track, but the B-side tracks were different. One released to the general public was released with the B-side track, "Put a Little Holiday in Your Heart," and the other was released to radio with the B-side track of Rimes's rendition of "The National Anthem." Rimes's version peaked at No. 57 on the Billboard Country Songs chart on October 27, 2001.
In 2009 keyboardist Bob Baldwin covered the renowned song from his album "Lookin' Back."
The song was sung in the 1943 film This is the Army with slightly modified lyrics.
The song was sung by the main characters in Michael Cimino's 1978 war film The Deer Hunter. Regarding the song in the film, Roger Ebert says in his March 9, 1979 review: "It [the film] ends on a curious note: The singing of "God Bless America". I won't tell you how it arrives at that particular moment... but I do want to observe that the lyrics of "God Bless America" have never before seemed to me to contain such an infinity of possible meanings, some tragic, some unspeakably sad, some few still defiantly hopeful".
The song is prominently featured in the film Once Upon a Time in America, where it is played during a murder at the beginning of the picture.
In the "Flashback: Mike Meets Archie" episode of All in the Family from 1971, after Archie Bunker was disgusted with Mike "Meathead" Stivic's liberal viewpoints, Archie stood up and sang a butchered version of "God Bless America" while Mike was screaming at Archie.
The song has spawned numerous parodies.
"I am an Anglican" is sung as an Episcopal church camp song. A midwestern version refers to Lutherans, a mid-Atlantic one to Presbyterians.
In "Temporarily Humboldt County" on The Firesign Theatre's first album Waiting for the Electrician or Someone Like Him, a group of Native American men briefly and ironically sing "God bless Vespucciland..." to the tune of "God Bless America" as they fade off into the distance. The reference is a play on the name of Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci, whose first name is the source for the name "America" for the New World.
In "How Can You Be in Two Places at Once When You're Not Anywhere at All" on the album with that name, The Firesign Theatre briefly break into lines based on the song: "Ask the postman. Ask the mailman. Ask the milkman...white with foam."
God Bless America, a 2011 film by Bobcat Goldthwait, is a dark comedy that satirizes the present-day American values. The story revolves around a loveless, jobless, possibly terminally ill man and his 16-year-old female companion, who go on a killing spree, offing the stupidest, cruelest, and most repugnant members of American society.
↑ "God Bless America and Kate Smith". katesmith.org.
1 2 "God Bless America (Memory): American Treasures of the Library of Congress". loc.gov.
Collins, Ace. Songs Sung, Red, White, and Blue: The Stories Behind America's Best-Loved Patriotic Songs. HarperResource, 2003, p. 82-83.
1 2 3 4 5 "From Peace To Patriotism: The Shifting Identity Of 'God Bless America'". Interview of Sheryl Kaskowitz by Robert Siegel. NPR.org. September 2, 2013. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
↑ Michael Alexander (2003). Jazz Age Jews. Princeton University Press. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-691-11653-2.
1 2 3 4 5 "Flyers History - Kate Smith" FlyersHistory.com. Accessed in 2007.
↑ Wendell, Bryan (February 3, 2016). "How the BSA benefits every time you hear 'God Bless America'". Retrieved February 3, 2016.
1 2 Kaskowitz, Sheryl (July 4, 2013). ""God Bless America" and Republicans: How the song became an anthem of conservatives and the Christian right". Slate. Retrieved July 7, 2013.
↑ Jonathan Karl (September 12, 2001). "Congress vows unity, reprisals for attacks". CNN.
↑ Allen, Kevin (March 23, 2003). "NHL Seeks to Stop Booing For a Song". USA Today. Retrieved October 29, 2008.
1 2 "Shots From the Point". The Ottawa Citizen. November 4, 2000. p. F3. Renowned anthem singer Lyndon Slewidge also sounds a bit different, with a new background music accompanying his lyrics to O Canada. He will also substitute God Save America for The Star Spangled Banner on selected occasions.
↑ New Jersey Devils Hockey: New Jersey Devils at Ottawa Senators (radio). New Jersey Devils Radio WABC Talk Radio 77 AM (New York). October 10, 2002.
↑ "Monday's act heroic after 30 years Outfielder recalls protecting country's honor from protesters". chicago.cubs.mlb.com. April 25, 2006. Retrieved April 25, 2006.
↑ ""God Bless America" and baseball, 10 years later". CBSSports.com. August 11, 2011.
1 2 "Atlanta Braves celebrate Opening Night at Turner Field on Monday, March 31". Atlanta Braves.
↑ "MLB Honors Memorial Day". Daily News. New York.
↑ "Baseball plans day of remembrance for 9/11". Major League Baseball.
↑ "NY baseball fan settles 'God Bless America' suit". yesnetwork.com.
↑ "Ex-Yankees 'God Bless America' Singer Ronan Tynan Moves to Boston - Boston Red Sox - NESN.com". NESN.com.
↑ "Yankees Settle 'God Bless America' Case, Won't Restrict Spectators' Movements During Song". nyclu.org. July 7, 2009. Retrieved September 11, 2009.
↑ "Teens Sue Over Minor League Ejection". news.aol.com. September 15, 2009. Archived from the original on September 23, 2009. Retrieved September 15, 2009.
↑ Hooper, Barrett (January 24, 2003). "Man, it feels like a great show". National Post. p. A3. Marc Anthony and Mary J. Blige sang "America the Beautiful", which was also performed at Super Bowl XXXV by Ray Charles and at "Super Bowl XI" by Vicki Carr. This is the first time for God Bless America, which Ms. Dion will perform to a prerecorded music track and to backing vocals by a large choir.
↑ "You Light Up My Life: Inspirational Songs: Leann Rimes: Music". Amazon.com. Retrieved May 6, 2012.
↑ "God Bless America: Leann Rimes: Music". Amazon.com. Retrieved May 6, 2012.
1 2 "God Bless America / Put a Little Holiday in Your Heart: Leann Rimes: Music". Amazon.com. Retrieved April 29, 2012.
↑ God Bless America/The National Anthem (Promotional CD single). LeAnn Rimes. Curb Records. 2001. D-1631 PRCD#510032.
↑ "God Bless America - LeAnn Rimes". Billboard.com. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved May 6, 2012.
↑ "Lookin' Back overview". Allmusic.com.
Library of Congress page with more information, pictures of manuscript, etc.
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0.987909 |
Pancreatitis is an extremely painful condition, occurring when there is inflammation in the pancreas. It transpires when the pancreatic enzymes become activated inside the pancreas, and these enzymes begin digesting the cellular wall. Pancreatitis can occur as acute pancreatitis, meaning that it appears suddenly and lasts for days.
Or, it can occur as chronic pancreatitis, which recurs throughout the years. Either way, pancreatitis is a painful condition and can lead to complications if untreated. Using some of the natural strategies below, you can help your body beat and prevent pancreatitis.
Eating plenty of the right foods can help heal and nourish your pancreas. Blueberries and cherries are high in antioxidants, which can help prevent cell damage. Spinach and other leafy green should also be incorporated into your diet often. These veggies are full of iron and vitamin B, which your pancreas needs to restore its health.
Wheatgrass has anti-inflammatory properties and studies suggest that it may help prevent pancreatitis from occurring. Also include sources of good fat, such as avocadoes, coconut, raw chocolate, and extra-virgin olive oil.
Milk thistle, burdock root, and red clover are all well-known for their abilities to help treat pancreatitis; by cleansing the liver and the blood, they reduce the workload for the pancreas, helping it resume a normal function. Dandelion root helps regulate bile production, which may also help regulate the pancreas.
Olive leaf extract has anti-inflammatory properties which may help heal the pancreas and reduce the painful symptoms. Echinacea is often used for general immune support and is often used for acute infections. Turmeric and ginger are also excellent anti-inflammatory herbs.
If you are suffering from acute pancreatitis, try a fast which will help get your pancreas and your body back on track. Try a 12-hour fast and consume no solid food. Also eliminate foods high in sugar, protein, and fat. Eat fruits and vegetables and plenty of water. You can even combine your favorite fruit and vegetables into a juice and drink at least 3 servings throughout the day.
The best way to beat pancreatitis is to never get it in the first place. Steps to avoid pancreatitis include eating a healthy, low-fat diet, made up small meals 5-6 times a day. Eat plenty of organic fruits, vegetables, fiber, and lean, healthy meats. Also try to incorporate items such as yogurt, tofu, and natural broths to your diet. It is also important to keep your body well hydrated, drinking at least 8 glasses of 8-ounces of water. Avoid excessive alcohol and avoid smoking or tobacco use.
When suffering from pancreatitis, it is crucial to stay hydrated and prevent dehydration, which will exacerbate the side effects of pancreatitis. If you do suffer from chronic pancreatitis, you should work with your doctor, in addition to these natural remedies, to decide on a treatment plan.
Did you know that a sharp pain in the upper left or upper middle section of your abdomen could be a sign of pancreatitis?
I have this abdominal pain at the sides(flank) and above the navel for about 10 months now. The pain started with a pricking pain on the left side of the chest as if someone is using a pin to prick me from inside.
Prior to this i had high cholesterol(269 agaist 200max) which i discovered during routine blood test.
For this pain, antacids, ppi, water etc does not relieve it. When i stay without food for more than 4 hours, the pain is more. I have been on antibiotics & ppi to erradicate hpylori but the gawning pain is still there. My doctor gave me diazepam which relieves the pain as 800mg of ibruphein does not help. A recent blood test shows Amylase is 224 where upper limit is 150 but lipase levels are always OK. CT scan & MRI are normal. Pls help.
Is this pancreatitis, ulcer or something else?
Unfortunately, we are not medical doctors so we cannot provide a diagnosis. Please read our full disclaimer.
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0.924339 |
(Nanowerk News) Researchers from Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) have created the first robotically driven experimentation system to determine the effects of a large number of drugs on many proteins, reducing the number of necessary experiments by 70%.
The model, presented in the journal eLife ("Active machine learning-driven experimentation to determine compound effects on protein patterns"), uses an approach that could lead to accurate predictions of the interactions between novel drugs and their targets, helping reduce the cost of drug discovery.
"Biomedical scientists have invested a lot of effort in making it easier to perform numerous experiments quickly and cheaply," says lead author Armaghan Naik, a Lane Fellow in CMU's Computational Biology Department.
"However, we simply cannot perform an experiment for every possible combination of biological conditions, such as genetic mutation and cell type. Researchers have therefore had to choose a few conditions or targets to test exhaustively, or pick experiments themselves. The question is which experiments do you pick?"
Naik says that careful balance between performing experiments that can be predicted confidently and those that cannot is a challenge for humans, as it requires reasoning about an enormous amount of hypothetical outcomes at the same time.
To address this problem, the research team has previously described the application of a machine learning approach called "active learning". This involves a computer repeatedly choosing which experiments to do, in order to learn efficiently from the patterns it observes in the data. The team is led by senior author Robert F. Murphy, Professor at the Ray and Stephanie Lane Center for Computational Biology, and Head of CMU's Computational Biology Department.
While their approach had only been tested using synthetic or previously acquired data, the team's current model builds on this by letting the computer choose which experiments to do. The experiments were then carried out using liquid-handling robots and an automated microscope.
The learner studied the possible interactions between 96 drugs and 96 cultured mammalian cell clones with different, fluorescently tagged proteins. A total of 9,216 experiments were possible, each consisting of acquiring images for a given cell clone in the presence of a given drug. The challenge for the algorithm was to learn how proteins were affected in each of these experiments, without performing all of them.
The first round of experiments began by collecting images of each clone for one of the drugs, totaling 96 experiments. Images were represented by numerical features that captured the protein's location in the cell.
At the end of each round, all experiments that passed quality control were used to identify phenotypes (patterns in the location of a protein) that may or may not have related to a previously characterized drug effect.
A novelty of this work was for the learner to identify potentially new phenotypes on its own as part of the learning process. To do this, it clustered the images to form phenotypes. The phenotypes were then used to form a predictive model, so the learner could guess the outcomes of unmeasured experiments. The basis of the model was to identify sets of proteins that responded similarly to sets of drugs, so that it could predict the same prevailing trend in the unmeasured experiments.
The learner repeated the process for a total of 30 rounds, completing 2,697 out of the 9,216 possible experiments. As it progressively performed the experiments, it identified more phenotypes and more patterns in how sets of proteins were affected by sets of drugs.
Using a variety of calculations, the team determined that the algorithm was able to learn a 92% accurate model for how the 96 drugs affected the 96 proteins, from only 29% of the experiments conducted.
"Our work has shown that doing a series of experiments under the control of a machine learner is feasible even when the set of outcomes is unknown. We also demonstrated the possibility of active learning when the robot is unable to follow a decision tree," explains Murphy.
"The immediate challenge will be to use these methods to reduce the cost of achieving the goals of major, multi-site projects, such as The Cancer Genome Atlas, which aims to accelerate understanding of the molecular basis of cancer with genome analysis technologies."
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0.946796 |
CURL post Request Command Line Syntax.So if I try to pass the -http2 option to curl command, I will get the following error on screen: curl -I -http2 m/ curl: (1) Unsupported protocol, fixing curl: (1) Unsupported protocol error on MacOS.Leaving OpenSSL, originally, curl on Mac was built against OpenSSL for the TLS and SSL support, but over time our friends at Apple have switched more and more of their software over to use their own TLS and crypto library.
ntlm_WB SSL libz UnixSockets any ideas? The responses status line is: The version number is 2 and we got a 200, so all is OK! A while ago Apple started bundling curl built to use the native mac TLS library instead of OpenSSL. Curl post request with no data: curl -X curl mac os x http2 post http URL/p curl post request with data: curl -d http URL/i curl post to a form: curl -X post -F "nameuser" -F "passwordtest" http URL/p curl post with a file: curl -X post -F "image path/f". Homebrew and friends to the rescue! Protocols: dict file ftp ftps gopher http https imap imaps ldap ldaps pop3 pop3s rtsp smb smbs smtp smtps telnet tftp Features: IPv6 Largefile ntlm ntlm_WB SSL libz TLS-SRP http2 UnixSockets How do I test it? Secure Transport doesnt offer any public API to enable http/2 with. Curl http2 / curl: (1) Unsupported protocol curl on mac cur l has been shipped by default on Mac OS X since many years I actually couldnt even manage to figure out exactly how many. If Apple would decide to enable http/2 support for curl on Mac OS, they need to build it against nghttp2. Curl -I -http2 m curl: (1) Unsupported protocol, how do I solve this problem and use cURL with http/2 on Mac OS X or MacOS Sierra? Similarly, you can also download files with curl too by using a different command string. I really think they should. Protocols: dict file ftp ftps gopher http https imap imaps ldap ldaps pop3 pop3s rtsp smb smbs smtp smtps telnet tftp. There are two obvious reasons why not, and they are:. For further curl specifics or details, refer to the curl manual or help page: curl -help curl -manual, know of a better way to make a post request with cURL? I've followed steps around related questions, but still out of luck.
49, curl mac os x http2 so 8 nghttp21, features 16 2j zlib1 0, but I know for certain that there has been a bug report filed by someone else 1 x8664appledarwin16,. Http2 with PHP on OS X 0 2 1 SecureTransport zlib1, please consider donating money to the nixCraft via. Curl version curl, if curl mac os x http2 you insist on building curl to use Secure Transport instead of one of the many alternatives that actually support alpn just fine.
49, like for example, troubleshooting, my website is made possible by displaying online advertisements to my visitors. Well keep things fairly simple and show mac three examples to make a post request with curl from the command line. Package Management, macports and they do offer versions built against other TLS backends and nghttp2 and then of course http2 works just fine with curl on mac. Http2 200 server, nosniff xframeoptions, alpn when speaking https 18 GMT contenttype, i am using a MacOS sierra version. You could actually still negotiate http2 over plain text TCP connections if you have a server that supports. With syntax with and without data. Bash Shell, even without alpn support 59, and also to a form 1 Unsupported protocol on Mac, acceptEncoding cachecontrol.
V curl.43.0 (x86_64-apple-darwin14.3.0) libcurl/7.43.0 SecureTransport zlib/1.2.5.Theres however one notable little glitch that people keep asking me about curl doesnt support http/2 on mac!using Guzzle to test http/2 is working.
The easiest way to do this is to use Homebrew: At the time of writing, this will install PHP.0.10 with Curl.50.1: Using Curl on the command line.
You can also check out some interesting specific uses of the curl command here.Let us know in the comments.You can then link your PHPs curl extension to this version.Remember that using proper syntax capitalization matters.
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0.978641 |
WWE Hell in a Cell is a professional wrestling event produced annually by WWE, a Connecticut–based professional wrestling promotion, and broadcast live and available only through pay-per-view (PPV). The event was established in 2009, replacing No Mercy in the early October slot of WWE's pay-per-view calendar.
The concept of the show is based around WWE's established Hell in a Cell match, in which competitors fight inside a 20-foot-high roofed cell structure surrounding the ring and ringside area. Each main event match of the card is contested under the Hell in a Cell stipulation. Hell in a Cell was chosen over No Escape, Locked Up and Rage in a Cage.
Hell in a Cell (2011) is an upcoming professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by WWE that will take place on October 2, 2011 at the New Orleans Arena in New Orleans, Louisiana. It will be the third annual Hell in a Cell event. Like the 2009 and 2010 events, this event will also feature the Hell in a Cell match.
Hell in a Cell will feature professional wrestling matches which involve different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds, plots, and storylines that are played out on WWE's television programs. Wrestlers will portray villains or heroes as they follow a series of events that build tension and culminate in a wrestling match or series of matches.
The main rivalry from Raw involves the WWE Championship. On September 18, 2011, John Cena defeated Alberto Del Rio at Night of Champions to become the ten-time WWE Champion. On the following night's episode of Raw, WWE COO Triple H announced the first-ever Triple Threat Hell in a Cell match, in which Cena will defend his title against Alberto Del Rio and CM Punk.
The main rivalry from SmackDown involves the World Heavyweight Championship. On September 18, 2011, Mark Henry defeated Randy Orton at Night of Champions to win his first ever World Title. On the following night's episode of Raw, SmackDown General Manager Theodore Long announced that Orton would invoke his rematch clause at Hell in a Cell, and that the rematch would take place inside the said structure.
For 14 years now, Hell in a Cell has been one of the big stipulation matches in WWE. Take a giant cage that encompasses the entire ringside area, put a roof on it and put two (or more) wrestlers in it for a fight to the finish.
The first Hell in a Cell match, Shawn Michaels vs. The Undertaker at In Your House: Badd Blood in 1997, was an instant classic. One of the best cage matches in WWE history, it features amazing performances from both men, with both playing their roles perfectly: Michaels is terrified by The Undertaker, who stalks him around the cage and picks him apart.
Hell in a Cell matches have changed over time depending on the nature of WWE when they take place. At one point they got very big bump/"stunt show"-heavy, then they became bloodbath old-school cage matches when WWE cut down on big bumps.
When WWE banned blood as part of going TV-PG, stunts were worked back in. Nowadays, they're somewhere in between style-wise, just without blood.
Unfortunately, with an annual Hell in a Cell pay-per-view event now on the calendar, the matches just...happen as opposed to being the culminations of major feuds. Still, they can be great, thrilling matches.
Like any wrestling staple, there's a bunch of interesting trivia about Hell in a Cell, and I racked my brain to think of five of those factoids that you may not know about.
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How to meet the cast of Extreme Ghostbusters ?
The cast and crew of Extreme Ghostbusters participate in many convention or fanmeet. The cast also travels to comic-con and multi-fandom conventions in many countries.
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0.999464 |
A fire extinguisher, is an active fire protection device used to extinguish or control small fires, often in emergency situations. It is not intended for use on an out-of-control fire, such as one which has reached the ceiling, endangers the user (i.e., no escape route, smoke, explosion hazard, etc.), or otherwise requires the expertise of a fire department. Typically, a fire extinguisher consists of a hand-held cylindrical pressure vessel containing an agent which can be discharged to extinguish a fire.
In the United States, fire extinguishers in all buildings other than houses are generally required to be serviced and inspected by a Fire Protection service company at least annually. Some jurisdictions require more frequent service for fire extinguishers. The servicer places a tag on the extinguisher to indicate the type of service performed (annual inspection, recharge, new fire extinguisher).
There are two main types of fire extinguishers: stored pressure and cartridge-operated. In stored pressure units, the expellant is stored in the same chamber as the firefighting agent itself. Depending on the agent used, different propellants are used. With dry chemical extinguishers, nitrogen is typically used; water and foam extinguishers typically use air. Stored pressure fire extinguishers are the most common type. Cartridge-operated extinguishers contain the expellant gas in a separate cartridge that is punctured prior to discharge, exposing the propellant to the extinguishing agent. This type is not as common, used primarily in areas such as industrial facilities, where they receive higher-than-average use. They have the advantage of simple and prompt recharge, allowing an operator to discharge the extinguisher, recharge it, and return to the fire in a reasonable amount of time. Unlike stored pressure types, these extinguishers use compressed carbon dioxide instead of nitrogen, although nitrogen cartridges are used on low temperature (-60 rated) models. Cartridge operated extinguishers are available in dry chemical and dry powder types in the U.S. and in water, wetting agent, foam, dry chemical (classes ABC and B.C.), and dry powder (class D) types in the rest of the world.
Before using your fire extinguisher, be sure to read the instructions before it's too late. Although there are many different types of fire extinguishers, all of them operate in a similar manner.
A typical fire extinguisher contains 10 seconds of extinguishing power. This could be less if it has already been partially discharged. Always read the instructions that come with the fire extinguisher beforehand and become familiarized with its parts. It is highly recommended by fire prevention experts that you get hands-on training before operating a fire extinguisher. Once the fire is out, don't walk away! Watch the area for a few minutes in case it re-ignites. Recharge the extinguisher immediately after use.
Aim at the base of the fire, not the flames. This is important - in order to put out the fire, you must extinguish the fuel.
Sweep from side to side. Using a sweeping motion, move the fire extinguisher back and forth until the fire is completely out. Operate the extinguisher from a safe distance, several feet away, and then move towards the fire once it starts to diminish. Be sure to read the instructions on your fire extinguisher - different fire extinguishers recommend operating them from different distances. Remember: Aim at the base of the fire, not at the flames!!!!
Keep up to date on the codes and regulations regarding required CAL-OSHA fire extinguisher training, fire extinguisher placement, annual inspections, certifications, and other requirements.
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TTL as the difference, in nanoseconds, between the current time and the expiration time.
on the message; otherwise, it sets the TTL to 1.
down to 0. Instead, this value should be 1.
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Ballarat (formerly spelt "Ballaarat" [ http://www.ballarat.com/history.htm#ORIGINS%20OF%20SOME%20BALLAARAT%20NAMES Retrieved on 19 November 2007] ) is a city in Victoria, Australia, and one of the country's largest inland cities. It is well-known for its history and heritage.
It is approximately 105 kilometres (65 mi) north-west of Melbourne, with an urban population of 88,437 [Census 2006 AUS|id=2027|name=Ballarat (VIC) (Statistical District)|accessdate=2008-01-05] people. The city lies at 441 metres (1,447 ft) AHD and consists of an area of approximately 740 square kilometres (286 sq mi), with the city occupying a built up area of approximately 75 square kilometres (29 sq mi).
Gold was discovered near Ballarat in 1851, and the influx of over 10,000 miners in less than a year transformed it from a pastoral town into Victoria's largest settlement. The Victorian gold rush occurred throughout the 1850s and 1860s whilst gold could be readily extracted from the surface. The city's growth slowed after the 1880s and Melbourne quickly overshadowed it in importance. However, Ballarat has endured as a major inland regional centre and tourist destination, having retained much of its Victorian era heritage, a unique culture, and is highly regarded for its grand heritage listed public and private buildings, monuments, statues and expansive gardens.
last = Premier Postal History | title = Post Office List | url = https://www.premierpostal.com/cgi-bin/wsProd.sh/Viewpocdwrapper.p?SortBy=VIC&country= | access-date = 2008-04-11 ] . The area where gold was found was situated northeast of Ballarat, about convert|3|mi|km|0 away. The total area was about convert|1|sqmi|km2|0, and an estimated 200,000 ounces of gold are said to have been extracted from the area. This made Ballarat the wealthiest city in the district. Additionally there were several other notable gold fields in the Ballarat area including the Berringa, Clunes, Creswick, Talbot and Enfield Gold Fields.
With a huge influx of population and wealth as a major participant in the Gold Rush, Ballarat was, for a time, Victoria's largest township.
Ballarat is notable as the site for Australia's only armed civil uprising, colloquially referred to as the Eureka Stockade but more correctly titled the Eureka Rebellion, which took place on 3 December 1854. The event, in which 22 miners died, is considered a defining moment in Australian history. The purported site of the rebellion contains an historical park and a memorial to the event. The remains of the original Eureka Flag are on public display in the Ballarat Fine Art Gallery.
During 1901, the Duke of Cornwall and York, later King George V, opened the first Commonwealth Parliament in Melbourne. While in Victoria, the Duke and Duchess made several journeys by train, one of which was on 13 May from Melbourne to Ballarat via Geelong, returning to Melbourne via Bacchus Marsh ["Royal Visit to Ballarat 1901" McLean, Jack Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, August, 1994 pp211-233] .
In 1930 an aerodrome was established, which was ceded to the Commonwealth in 1940 as part of the Empire Air Training Scheme. During WWII the base was a RAAF Wireless Air Gunners' School as well as the base for USAF Liberator bomber squadrons. During the war the airport was expanded and consisted of three sealed runways of which two were over 2,000 metres (6,550 ft) long and 45 metres (150 ft) wide. The aerodrome remained the RAAF School of Radio until 1961 when it was returned to civil operations. The City of Ballarat is the civil operator of the aerodrome. The site is now listed on the Victorian Heritage Register for its social and historic significance.
After World War II, Ballarat expanded significantly to the North West. An acute post war housing shortage was eased with the establishment of an extensive Housing Commission of Victoria estate on the former Ballarat Common (Today known as Wendouree West). [ [http://www.wendoureewest.com/renewal/wendwest.htm#history Wendouree West ] ] The estate was originally planned to contain over 750 prefabricated houses. Whilst planning for the estate began in 1949, main construction occurred between 1951 to 1962. During the 1970s a further 300 houses were constructed. Private housing in the adjacent suburb of Wendouree closely matched and eventually eclipsed this by the mid 1960s. The suburb of greater Wendouree and Wendouree West had evolved by the 1970s as the suburban middle-class heart of the city.
From the late 1970s and early 1980s urban growth slowed in Wendouree and began expanding to the Southern and Western corridors of the city. In 2008 the City Council released a plan directing that growth of the city over the next 30 years is to be concentrated to the west of the city centre and through the redevelopment of inner city housing blocks, and other under-developed inner city land in the East that is being redeveloped to create a higher density housing structure. Throughout the 20th century Ballarat maintained steady economic and population growth, keeping pace with that of the Australian national average without ever experiencing any significant growth surges. Steady population and economic growth has enabled the city to mature and preserve much of its historical grandeur and beauty whilst accommodating thoughtful and modern development. Ballarat's modern architecture was designed to blend with the old with examples being the City Library, the Law Courts and Justice Centre and the Ballarat Base Hospital.
Ballarat is linked directly to Melbourne by a combination of state highway and dual carriageway freeway. Regular rail services on the Ballarat Line from Ballarat railway station run to Melbourne, in addition to Ararat Line in the opposite direction. Ballarat is also served by an extensive public bus service and taxi system.
The city airport, located convert|8|km|mi|0|abbr=on North-West of the CBD consists of two sealed runways (each approximately 1,400 m/4,600 ft length and 30 m/100 ft wide) as well as extensive sealed aprons, night lighting and NDB Navaid. The Ballarat Aerodrome is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register for its social and historical significance. In 2005 the City of Ballarat commissioned a Master Plan 2004-2014, [http://www.ballarat.vic.gov.au/Files/BallaratAerodromeMasterPlan2004-2014.pdf] that outlined future development and growth of the Airport. The report made a series of recommendations and forecasts that included eventual lengthening, widening and strengthening of the existing main runway up to 1800 metres (5,900 ft), consideration for expansion of the passenger terminal and recommendations for future use of aprons and development of future structures supporting larger aircraft and increased frequent usage. It is forecast that by 2012-15 regular domestic passenger services using 40-50 seat commuter aircraft may feasibly commence.
The city maintained a horse tramway system from 1887 until 1909 when they were replaced by electric trams operated by the Electric Supply Company of Victoria ["Horse Trams of Ballarat" Jack, W. Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, May, 1942 pp57-59] . These, in turn, were replaced, in September 1971, when services were replaced by buses. A short section of track continues at the western end of Lake Wendouree as a museum line operated by the Ballarat Tramway Museum. [ [http://www.btm.org.au/ Ballarat Tramway Museum - Ballarat Trams are Ballarat History ] ] In recent times there have been studies conducted to reinstate sections of tram line or light rail to service key tourist routes and high usage bus services between the city and Wendouree.
In late 2006, a second railway station for the city was being established in Wendouree to service direct links to Melbourne and western distributor lines. A naming competition by the Victorian Government saw the new station dubbed Wendouree by the people of Ballarat, because of its geographical significance to the area. The station is expected to be operational in 2010.
Ballarat is renowned for its cultural heritage and decorative arts, especially applied to the built environment, combined with the gold rush, this has created a picturesque urban landscape.In 2003 Ballarat was the first of two Australian cities to be registered as a member of the [http://www.city.kyoto.jp/somu/kokusai/lhcs/eng/index.htm International League of Historical Cities] and in 2006 hosted the 10th World League of Historical Cities Congress.
Ballarat is notable for its very wide boulevards. The main street is Sturt Street and is considered among one of the finest main avenues in Australia with over 2 kilometres of central gardens known as the Sturt Street Gardens featuring bandstands, fountains, statues, monuments, memorials and lampposts.
Ballarat is home to the largest of a collection of several Avenues of Honour in Victoria. The fifteen kilometre (9.3 mi) long Ballarat Avenue of Honour consists of a total of approximately 4,000 trees, mostly deciduous which in many parts arch completely over the road. Each tree has a bronze plaque dedicated to a soldier from the Ballarat region who enlisted during World War I. The Avenue of Honour and the Arch of Victoria are on the Victorian Heritage Register.
The city also has the greatest concentration of public statuary in any Australian city with many parks and streets featuring sculptures and statues dating from the 1860s to the present day.
Recently (late 2006), the Ballarat "Big Miner" was erected at the eastern entrance to Ballarat. The larger-than-life statue of a miner holding a pick and pan greets visitors as they approach the city from the east.
Ballarat has an extensive array of significant war memorials, the most recent of which is the Australian Ex Prisoner of War Memorial. The most prominent memorial in the city is the Ballarat Victory Arch that spans the old Western Highway on the Western approaches of the city. The archway serves as the focal point for the Avenue of Honour. Other significant individual monuments located along Sturt Street include those dedicated to the Boer War (1899-1901), the World War II (1939-1945) cenotaph, and Vietnam (1962-1972) (Located adjacent to the Arch of Victory).
The Ballarat Botanical Gardens until recently were amongst the finest Botanical Gardens in Australia with extensive varieties of native and introduced species of plants and trees. The Gardens have been stressed and significantly underplanted by the caretakers due to stesses imposed by an enduring drought that has affected the region for 13 years. Lake Wendouree hosted the rowing events for the 1956 Summer Olympics, and is normally a large recreational lake that was created out of former wetlands. The Lake has also recently been stressed by the dought and plans are well advanced to address water supply issues with a permanent solution. The gardens are home to the annual "Ballarat Begonia Festival", and feature a modern glasshouse and horticultural centre. Also of note is the "Prime Minister's Avenue" which features bronze busts of every Australian Prime Minister.
The town is also home to the award winning tourist park Sovereign Hill, a recreated 1850s gold mining settlement that is rated amongst one of the best tourism theme parks in the world.
Ballarat Wildlife Park a popular tourist attraction covers 32 acres and includes a large reptile collection.
In 1998 a group of concerned citizens formed the Ballarat Citizens for Thoughtful Development with the aim of ensuring Ballarat's unique architectural heritage was given due consideration in the planning process. The group is now incorporated as Ballarat Heritage Watch.
Ballarat also has some more rural suburbs of 2-20 acre blocks within 15 minutes of the CBD that are very popular with families.
Ballarat's major industries include tourism and hospitality, textiles, small engineering, food products, brick and tile manufacture, building, prefabricated housing, automotive components, education and information technology services.
Other major sectors of employment in the city include retailing, service industries, state and federal government branch offices and agencies and health care.
Ballarat has two local newspapers, both owned by Rural Press Limited, 'The Courier' is a daily, and the 'Ballarat News' is a free weekly, distributed almost universally across the city every Wednesday, and containing news of community events, advertisements for local businesses, and a real estate and classifieds section.
Local radio stations include '3BA', 'Power FM', 'Noise FM' and also several community radio stations. There are also local branches of ABC-run ABC Radio, Triple J and ABC Classic FM.
Television station BTV Channel 6 Ballarat commenced transmission of test patterns on 17 March 1962. Among the many local programs BTV6 produced, the 90 minute live variety program "Six Tonight" (1971-1983) hosted by local Ballarat identity Fred Fargher, was one of the few live Australian programs of this type being presented in Australia.
In his 1999 book "And Now Here's..." (Four Decades of Behind the Scenes Fun in Australian Television), Mike McColl Jones fondly remembers local live television variety."...and in Ballarat, Victoria, a Tonight show ("Six Tonight") was carving its name into Australian television history. The show, hosted by Fred Fargher, ran for 13 years, and managed to attract many of the top name entertainers in the world, simply by offering them a limo ride to this beautiful country centre, a no-pressure spot on the show, and then a great dinner afterwards at one of the city's excellent restaurants. The sheer bravado of the offer enticed some of show business' biggest names."
Today Ballarat is serviced by five 'free to air' High Definition and Standard Definition Digital television services. Two television broadcasting stations are located in the city including WIN (a sub-licensee of Nine Network) and PRIME (a sub-licensee of Seven Network). These two stations broadcast relayed services throughout regional Victoria. The city also receives Southern Cross Ten (a sub-licensee of Network Ten) that is based in Bendigo but operates a local office. Ballarat television maintains a similar schedule to the national television network but maintains local demographic commercials and local/regional news. In addition to commercial television services, Ballarat receives Government ABC and SBS television services.
Subscription television services are provided by Neighbourhood Cable, Austar, and SelecTV.
Ballarat is home to two universities - Australian Catholic University Ballarat (Aquinas) and the University of Ballarat. The origins of the University of Ballarat lie in the Ballarat School of Mines, founded in 1870 and sometime affiliated with the University of Melbourne. The university consists of six campuses, three of which are in Ballarat. Two of these are located in the city (Camp Street and SMB campuses), while the main campus is located at Mount Helen, approximately 6 kilometres (3.75 mi) southeast of the city at the foot of Mount Buninyong. Ballarat is the only regional campus of the Australian Catholic University, which has campuses in Melbourne, Sydney, Canberra and Brisbane.
Ballarat has four State Government-operated secondary schools, of which Ballarat High School (established in 1907) is the oldest. The other schools are Sebastopol College, Mount Clear College, and Ballarat Secondary College. Ballarat Secondary College was formed in 1994 by the amalgamation of Ballarat East Secondary College, Wendouree Secondary College and Midlands Secondary College. The city is well serviced by Catholic schools, with 8 primary schools and 3 secondary colleges, the all-boys St Patrick's College, the all-girls Loreto College, and the co-educational Damascus College, which was formed by the amalgamation of St Paul's Technical School and Sacred Heart College in the 1990s. Additionally, there are two private day or boarding schools which provide education from Years 1 to 12; Ballarat and Queens Anglican Grammar School and Ballarat and Clarendon College.
Ballarat has several public libraries, the largest and most extensive of which is the City of Ballarat Library, located on Creswick Road. Another unique library service is provided by the Mechanics Institute in Sturt Street, which contains an excellent collection of historic, archival and rare reference material.
The Ballarat Fine Art Gallery houses one of Australia's oldest and most extensive collections of early Australian works. It is considered to have the best Australian collections outside any capital city in Australia.
Additionally the Mechanics Institute hall (seating 700) is used from time to time for travelling performances and cinema shows.
In the 1970s the Ballarat urban area contained no less than 60 hotels. The introduction of gaming machines in the early 1990s has brought about significant change in the city entertainment precincts. By 2006 at least 20 hotels had closed and some of those that remain have been redeveloped as dining and/or gaming venues. Gaming machines have brought significant revenue to the remaining hotels, sports and social clubs which has enabled many to expand and modernise.
The city has several dance clubs as well as a highly active live music and jazz scene. Hotels are popular meeting places for young people. The city has many fine restaurants, wine bars and eateries as well as themed restaurants located at Sovereign Hill and Kryal Castle. December 2006 saw the creation of BTR, an organisation within Ballarat that has begun hosting dance events in Ballarat.
A large cinema complex consisting of several theatres is located behind the facade of the old Regent cinemas in the heart of the city.
Ballarat has produced many notable sports people, perhaps the most famous being marathon runner Steve Moneghetti. The city is well endowed with parks, sport fields and organised sporting clubs and associations.
Australian rules football and cricket are highly popular in the city. Basketball, horse racing and rowing are also popular.
The city is excellently equipped with indoor stadiums and training centres for most sports. The city has three international standard cricket ovals, an international standard athletics track, two Olympic sized pools as well as an indoor 25 metre (82 ft) competition short course pool.
Notable sporting teams in Ballarat include the North Ballarat Roosters who compete in the Victorian Football League and the Ballarat Miners who compete in the South East Australian Basketball League. The region is home to the strong Ballarat Football League and Central Highlands Football League. Ballarat, Lake Wendouree and North Ballarat City have teams in the Ballarat Football League. The Ballarat Football Club, formed in 1860, remains one of the oldest football clubs in the world.
The city has a soccer competition, known as the BDSA.
Ballarat has excellent horse and greyhound racing tracks, and the Harness Racing centre is considered to be among the best in Australia.
Ballarat is home to numerous rowing clubs, and annually hosts the Victorian Schools Rowing Championships. Lake Wendouree plays host to the annual 'Head of the Lake' rowing regatta- contested by Ballarat High School, Ballarat and Clarendon College, Ballarat Grammar School, St Patrick's College and Loreto College. The city hosted rowing events for the 1956 Olympic Games.
Ballarat's Eastern Oval hosted a game in the 1992 cricket world cup.
Ballarat experiences a temperate climate with four seasons. Its elevation, at 450 metres (1,476 ft) above sea level, causes its mean monthly temperatures to tend on average 2-3 degrees Celsius below those of Melbourne. The mean daily maximum temperature for January is 24.9 °C (76.8 °F), while for July it is 10 °C (50 °F). The mean annual rainfall is 705 millimetres (27.75 in), with August being the wettest month (77 mm/3.0 in). There are an average of 198 rain-free days per year.In winter, snow occasionally falls on nearby Mount Buninyong, and in very cold winters, has been known to fall heavily in the city. It is not uncommon however for snow to fall in the city during most winters.
In recent years, Ballarat (along with South Eastern Australia) has experienced a severe decrease in average annual rain fall with falls averaging as low as 400mm per year since 2001. This is evident by the recent drying out of Lake Wendouree and substantial water restrictions being imposed on the city and many other regional centres throughout Victoria. The City of Ballarat, The Central Highlands Water Commission, and State Government of Victoria have initiated a number of projects that are designed to ensure that the city is guaranteed a steady water supply and that the lake will be regenerated using storm water and recycled water from the city's treatment plants. Many residents have become pro-active and redirect grey water from homes directly onto gardens and for outdoor cleaning as a matter of daily routine.
The City of Ballarat is further using the drought as an opportunity to dredge the lake and upgrade the international rowing course. Many decades-old introduced species of trees planted in many of the public spaces around the city have not coped well with the recent, persistent drought prompting the City Council to plan for their eventual removal and replacement with similar looking Australian native varieties that are considerably more dry weather tolerant.
*Fleet, James. "The History of Gold Discovery in Victoria"
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The headlines in the Western media all said more or less the same thing when Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu pulled the plug on the latest round of the “Middle East peace process” on Sunday. “Netanyahu urges (Palestinian leader Mahmoud) Abbas to continue peace talks as building freeze expires,” they said, or “Netanyahu appeals for calm as freeze on settlements runs out.” Et cetera.
The implicit message was that this moderate, reasonable man is still pleading for peace, even though circumstances beyond his control are making it harder to achieve. Let us hope that the Palestinians can find it in their hearts to be equally reasonable and peace-loving.
But it was Netanyahu who agreed to the building freeze ten months ago, because the Palestinians were understandably refusing to negotiate over the future of their land while Israelis continue to colonise it – or maybe just because the United States government, which agrees with the Palestinians about this, was twisting his arm very hard.
Netanyahu was well aware that Mahmoud Abbas could not continue to negotiate if work on expanding the Israeli settlements resumed, because Abbas has said so publicly and repeatedly. All last week, President Barack Obama begged Netanyahu not to wreck the talks by cancelling the freeze. Yet Netanyahu has chosen not to extend it. What does that tell us about his interest in a peace settlement?
Apologists for Israeli policy point out that the freeze always had that ten-month, self-cancelling proviso built into it, and that Netanyahu’s coalition government would almost certainly collapse if he extended it now. They are probably right about that, as the coalition includes extreme right-wing and settler-dominated parties that are dedicated to perpetual Israeli control over much or all of the occupied Palestinian territories.
But it was Netanyahu who set that ten-month deadline in the first place, allegedly to placate the more extreme elements in his coalition. So it is presumably they who are forcing his hand now. Poor “Bibi”, obliged to choose between peace and power. How hard it is to decide.
No, that’s not quite right either. If Netanyahu’s current coalition broke up, he could fairly easily create another in which parties that genuinely support the peace talks, like Labour, took the place of the extremist parties that stormed out. So, to answer the question posed three paragraphs ago: no, the evidence suggests that Netanyahu is NOT interested in a peace settlement with the Palestinians.
Once you say that, of course, you immediately have to qualify it. Binyamin Netanyahu would be very interested in a peace deal in which the Palestinians just rolled over and agreed to his terms. He has never specified exactly what those terms are, but judging by what he has said in the past and by the company he keeps, they would amount to almost unconditional surrender.
Netanyahu wants permanent Israeli control of the land on which most of the Jewish settlements in the West Bank stand, and Palestinian assent to the Israeli annexation of East Jerusalem. There would be no return of Palestinian refugees to their former homes in what is now Israel. And the Palestinians would have to create a government tough enough to enforce those terms on an outraged population, but not strong enough to threaten Israel.
The Israeli prime minister knows that any Palestinian leader who agreed to such draconian peace terms could not survive – so in practice he is not very interested in peace talks with the Palestinians. He must LOOK keen for peace, however, since that is what his American senior partners expect. That explains all the essentially meaningless diplomatic and PR activity of the past year.
The first time Binyamin Netanyahu led the Israeli government, in 1996-99, he faced a similar problem. The Oslo peace accords had been signed quite recently, and prime minister Yitzhak Rabin, who made that deal, had just been martyred by an extreme right-wing Jewish assassin. There was a strong backlash against the far right in Israel, and a serious danger that a land-for-peace deal was in the offing.
Netanyahu might not even have won the 1996 election if Palestinian extremists, hoping that he would destroy the Oslo deal, had not given him a boost by launching a vicious terrorist campaign against Israeli civilians. And it worked: having won the election, he successfully stalled for three years on fulfilling the Oslo terms. By 1999 despair had set in among Palestinian moderates, and the “peace process” was effectively dead.
Binyamin Netanyahu is in power again, and there is absolutely no reason to suppose that his agenda has changed since then.
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The best things to do in Perth run the gamut from natural attractions to historical and cultural sites. There's the expansive Kings Park & Botanic Garden, filled with native plants and flowers, wide swaths of green grass, and beautiful lookouts and walking paths, and there's also the Perth Mint with its historical exhibits and gold-pouring demonstrations. The Swan River is a picturesque place to walk beside or cruise upon, on your way to eclectic communities like Fremantle and districts like Elizabeth Quay. Or you can splash in the waves at the nearby Cottesloe Beach. A handful of diverse museums, such as Scitech and the Art Gallery of Western Australia, also earn high marks.
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For the revolutionary legislature of the Colony of Maryland, see Annapolis Convention (1774–1776). For the meeting that resulted in the United States Constitutional Convention, see Annapolis Convention (1786).
The Annapolis Conference was a Middle East peace conference held on 27 November 2007, at the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, United States. The conference aimed to revive the Israeli–Palestinian peace process and implement the "Roadmap for peace". The conference ended with the issuing of a joint statement from all parties. After the Annapolis Conference, the negotiations were continued.
The United States organized and hosted the conference. Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert, and U.S. President George W. Bush attended the meeting. A partial list of over 40 invitees was released on 20 November 2007, including China, the Arab League, Russia, the European Union and the United Nations; most of whom accepted the invitation.
The conference aimed to revive the Peace process and gather broad international support. The objective was to restart negotiations on a final status agreement that addresses all core issues, and the establishment of a Palestinian state through the Roadmap for peace. A draft document was leaked by Haaretz before the conference, with the final and forthcoming Annapolis Joint Declaration expected to outline the scope of what will eventually be final peace talks.
President Abbas and Prime Minister Olmert had six meetings since June 2007 to try to agree on some basic issues ahead of the summit. A final round of discussions between Olmert and Abbas was held in Washington D.C. on 26 November 2007, the day prior to the conference. After the Annapolis Conference, the negotiations were continued.
Secretary Rice visited the Middle East on a four-day tour of shuttle diplomacy in mid-October to shore up support for the summit, and hinted at the General Assembly of the United Jewish Communities (GA), in Nashville, Tennessee on 13 November 2007, that Israelis are prepared to give up the West Bank in exchange for peace. This was Rice's 8th visit to the region during the Bush Administration.
Abbas stated that a clear agenda was necessary for the conference. He demanded a Palestinian state comprising an area equal to the territory of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. He further demanded that all six central issues be debated at the conference: Jerusalem, refugees and right of return, borders, settlements, water and security.
Abbas said that he hoped to reach an agreement with Israel by the end of November 2007, which Abbas would then put to a referendum. Furthermore, he expressed his hope that a final agreement with Israel would be possible within six months of the conference.
In October 2007, Prime Minister Olmert indicated that he would be willing to give up parts of East Jerusalem as part of a broader peace settlement at Annapolis, drawing considerable criticism from right-wing Israeli and foreign Jewish organizations and Christian Zionists.
On 27 November 2007, Ovadia Yosef, the spiritual leader of the Shas party, announced that his party would leave the government coalition, thereby ending the coalition's majority in the Knesset, if Ehud Olmert agreed to divide Jerusalem. Shas minister Eli Yishai explained: "Jerusalem is above all political considerations. I will not help enable concessions on Jerusalem." Olmert's ability to follow through on his earlier comments about concessions in East Jerusalem is therefore in question.
Prior to the conference, President Bush met with Israeli and Palestinian leaders in the White House. After meeting with Olmert and Abbas, President Bush read from a joint statement, signed by both parties, supporting a Two-State Solution. "We agreed to immediately launch good faith, bilateral negotiations in order to conclude a peace treaty resolving all outstanding issues, including core issues, without exception," and that, "The final peace settlement will establish Palestine as a homeland for the Palestinian people just as Israel is the homeland for the Jewish people."
A joint understanding, read by US president George Bush, stated that "In furtherance of the goal of two states, Israel and Palestine, living side by side in peace and security" the parties agreed to"immediately launch good-faith bilateral negotiations in order to conclude a peace treaty, resolving all outstanding issues, including all core issues without exception, as specified in previous agreements". A steering committee would meet from 12 December 2007, followed by biweekly negotiations between President Abbas and Prime Minister Olmert.
The parties also committed to immediately implement their respective obligations under the Roadmap for peace and to continue the implementation of it until they had reached a peace treaty, to be concluded before the end of 2008.
Hamas and Grand Ayatollah Ali Khamenei of Iran called for a boycott of the conference, and on November 23 Hamas held a demonstration in the Gaza Strip. In the West Bank, large demonstrations opposed to the conference were quelled heavy-handedly, and demonstrators were beaten by Fatah militants. The president of Iran, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, criticized the event, stating that it was "A political show for the media which is in Israel's interest".
On the other hand, Jewish activists and organizations opposed to Israel's concession in a peace settlement of any part of Jerusalem or the West Bank became increasingly vocal against the Olmert government, with protests in front of Israeli embassies in New York and Washington D.C. during the summit. On 27 November 2007, Rabbi Dov Lior of the Yesha Rabbis Council called an "emergency meeting" in order to discuss the upcoming conference. During the meeting, Lior stated: "No leader, in any generation, has the right to give away Eretz Israel ... we call on the Jews abroad, and especially on community leaders and rabbis, to join us in our efforts against this treaty and its implications. ... Together, we will save the people of Israel from the government's terrible plan." Lior further stated that peace would only be achieved by "[cleansing] the country of Arabs and [resettling] them in the countries where they came from." A number of large mainstream American Jewish and Christian groups joined together with a majority of Knesset to oppose any negotiation that would include altering Jerusalem's status. They formed the Coordinating Council on Jerusalem.
Organizations that approved of the conference also mobilized and prepared to demonstrate their support for the summit. The United Nations prepared a resolution to be adopted by the Security Council on November 30, 2007, expressing support for the outcome of the conference. The resolution was withdrawn after Israel raised complaints. In addition to Israel's complaints, the Palestinian Authority also said it wasn't interested in a resolution, according to UN sources.
1 2 U.S. State Department, 20 November 2007, "Announcement of Annapolis Conference". Archived from the original on 2007-11-22. Retrieved 2013-06-25.
↑ "Abbas says upcoming Mideast conference 'a new beginning'", People's Daily, Sept. 29, 2007.
↑ Associated, The (April 2, 2008). "Haaretz, 20 November 2007, Partial list of confirmed invitees to Annapolis peace summit". Haaretz.com. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
↑ Haaretz, 17 November 2007, "Draft, subject to approval, King David Hotel"
↑ Al Jazeera, Palestine Papers, 15 October 2007, "Meeting Minutes: 2nd Negotiation Team Meeting"
↑ Al Jazeera, Palestine Papers, 24 February 2008, "Meeting Minutes: 1st Final Status Negotiations Meeting"
↑ Davidovitz, Grig (November 13, 2007). "Rice: Israelis are prepared to give up West Bank for peace". Haaretz. Archived from the original on September 5, 2009. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
↑ "Abbas calls for clear agenda for Mideast peace conference", People's Daily, October 1, 2007.
↑ Kershner, Isabel (November 15, 2007). "Israelis Press Plan to Block the Division of Jerusalem". Jerusalem (Israel): Nytimes.com. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
↑ Besser, James (October 18, 2007). "New Coalition To Fight Any Jerusalem Division, Orthodox, Evangelicals join forces to oppose Olmert's intentions in advance of Annapolis summit". The Jewish Week. Archived from the original on February 12, 2009.
↑ Mitchell, By Chris (November 13, 2007). "Is Mideast Peace Conference a Mistake". Christian Broadcast Network.
↑ Zippor, Amihai (November 15, 2007). "Coalition MKs, Opposition Support United Jerusalem Bill". IHC News. Archived from the original on January 26, 2008.
↑ "Yosef: Shash will quit government if J'lem divided, By Neta Sela, November 27, 2007". Ynetnews.com. June 20, 1995. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
↑ "Mideast Peace Conference Opens". Los Angeles Times. November 27, 2007. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
↑ "Haniya urges conference boycott", BBC News, October 6, 2007.
↑ "Iran leader urges summit boycott". BBC News. October 13, 2007. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
↑ "Ahmadinejad: Support Annapolis - support Zionist occupation". Ynetnews.com. June 20, 1995. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
↑ "Realistic Dove, Dan Fleshler". Realisticdove.org. Archived from the original on July 20, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
↑ "Rabbi: Cleanse country of Arabs - Israel Jewish Scene, Ynetnews". Ynetnews.com. June 20, 1995. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
↑ Amos, Daled (November 15, 2007). "Rally to Protest Against The Division of Jerusalem". Daledamos.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
↑ "UPF Statement on Annapolis Peace Talks". Archive.upf.org. November 27, 2007. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
↑ Shamir, Shlomo (November 30, 2007). "U.S. withdraws UN Annapolis resolution after Israel objects". Haaretz. Archived from the original on February 11, 2009. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
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Based on the long-term radial velocity surveys carried out with theMcDonald Observatory 2.7 m Harlan J. Smith Telescope from 1988 to thepresent, we derive upper limits to long-period giant planet companionsfor 31 nearby stars. Data from three phases of the McDonald Observatory2.7 m planet-search program have been merged together, and for 17objects data from the pioneering Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope radialvelocity program have also been included in the companion-limitsdetermination. For those 17 objects, the baseline of observations is inexcess of 23 yr, enabling the detection or exclusion of giant planets inorbits beyond 8 AU. We also consider the possibility of eccentric orbitsin our computations. At an orbital separation of 5.2 AU, we can excludeon average planets of Msini>~(2.0+/-1.1)MJ (e=0) andMsini>~(4.0+/-2.8)MJ (e=0.6) for 25 of the 31 stars inthis survey. However, we are not yet able to rule out ``true Jupiters,''i.e., planets of Msini~1MJ in 5.2 AU orbits. These limits areof interest for the Space Interferometry Mission, Terrestrial PlanetFinder, and Darwin missions, which will search for terrestrial planetsorbiting nearby stars, many of which are included in this work.
Context: .For applications in population synthesis, libraries oftheoretical stellar spectra are often considered an alternative totemplate libraries of observed spectra, because they allow a completesampling of stellar parameters. Most of the attention in publishedtheoretical spectral libraries has been devoted to the visual wavelengthrange.Aims.The goal of the present work is to explore the near-infraredrange where few observed fully calibrated spectra and no theoreticallibraries are available.Methods.We make a detailed comparison oftheoretical spectra in the range 1.57-1.67 μm for spectral types fromA to early M and for giant and dwarf stars, with observed stellarspectra at resolutions around 3000, which would be sufficient todisentangle the different groups of late-type stars. We selected theNeMo grids of stellar atmospheres to perform this comparison.Results.Wefirst demonstrate that observed spectral flux distributions can bematched very well with theoretical ones for almost the entire parameterrange covered by the NeMo grids at moderate resolution in the visualrange. In the infrared range, although the overall shape of the observedflux distributions still matches reasonably well, the individualspectral features are reproduced by the theoretical spectra only forstars earlier than mid F type. For later spectral types the differencesincrease, and theoretical spectra of K type stars have systematicallyweaker line features than those found in observations. Thesediscrepancies are traced back to stem primarily from incomplete data onneutral atomic lines, although some of them are also related tomolecules.Conclusions.Libraries of theoretical spectra for A to early Mtype stars can be successfully used in the visual regions for populationsynthesis, but their application in the infrared is restricted to earlyand intermediate type stars. Improving atomic data in the near infraredis a key element in making the construction of reliable libraries ofstellar spectra feasible in the infrared.
The shape of the line bisector for the prototype spectral line Fe Iλ6253 was measured for an array of 54 stars on the cool half ofthe HR diagram. These bisectors are given in tables along with theirerrors. The classic C shape is shown by only a rather restricted rangein effective temperature and luminosity. The detailed change in bisectorshape with effective temperature and luminosity is documented moreprecisely than in previous work. The most blueward point on the bisectorchanges its height systematically with luminosity and can be used as aluminosity or gravity discriminant. The wide range of bisector shapescontains significant information about the velocity fields in theatmospheres of these stars, but extracting that information may requireextensive modeling.
We describe new simulations and field trials of the new infraredpassband system developed and discussed by Young, Milone, & Stagg,who discussed and illustrated the state of infrared photometry andsuggested ways in which it could be improved. In particular, theypresented a new set of passbands that minimize the dependence of thephotometry on the water vapor bands of the atmospheric windows, whichdefined the edges of many previous infrared passbands, especially whenused at sites and under conditions for which they were not designed. Inthis paper, we present numerical simulations for three atmosphericmodels, demonstrate a measure of the signal-to-noise ratio in the newpassbands for these models, and present observational data obtained at arelatively low-elevation site. The latter demonstrate the utility ofthis system for most astronomical sites where photometry can beperformed, and permit the transformation of observations to this system.Publications of the Rothney Astrophysical Observatory, No. 74.
I report on the capabilities of the near-infrared (near-IR) surfacebrightness technique to predict reliable stellar angular diameters asaccurate as <~2 per cent using standard broad-band Johnson photometryin the colour range -0.1 <= (V-K)O<= 3.7 includingstars of A, F, G, K spectral type. This empirical approach is fast toapply and leads to estimated photometric diameters in very goodagreement with recent high-precision interferometric diametermeasurements available for non-variable dwarfs and giants, as well asfor Cepheid variables. Then I compare semi-empirical diameters predictedby model-dependent photometric and spectrophotometric (SP) methods withnear-IR surface brightness diameters adopted as empirical referencecalibrators. The overall agreement between all these methods is withinapproximately +/-5 per cent, confirming previous works. However, on thesame scale of accuracy, there is also evidence for systematic shiftspresumably as a result of an incorrect representation of the stellareffective temperature in the model-dependent results. I also comparemeasurements of spectroscopic radii with near-IR surface brightnessradii of Cepheids with known distances. Spectroscopic radii are found tobe affected by a scatter as significant as >~9 per cent, which is atleast three times greater than the formal error currently claimed by thespectroscopic technique. In contrast, pulsation radii predicted by theperiod-radius (PR) relation according to the Cepheid period result aresignificantly less dispersed, indicating a quite small scatter as aresult of the finite width of the Cepheid instability strip, as expectedfrom pulsation theory. The resulting low level of noise stronglyconfirms our previous claims that the pulsation parallaxes are the mostaccurate empirical distances presently available for Galactic andextragalactic Cepheids.
We present some new ideas about the possibility of life developingaround subgiant and red giant stars. Our study concerns the temporalevolution of the habitable zone. The distance between the star and thehabitable zone, as well as its width, increases with time as aconsequence of stellar evolution. The habitable zone moves outward afterthe star leaves the main sequence, sweeping a wider range of distancesfrom the star until the star reaches the tip of the asymptotic giantbranch. Currently there is no clear evidence as to when life actuallyformed on the Earth, but recent isotopic data suggest life existed atleast as early as 7×108 yr after the Earth was formed.Thus, if life could form and evolve over time intervals from5×108 to 109 yr, then there could behabitable planets with life around red giant stars. For a 1Msolar star at the first stages of its post-main-sequenceevolution, the temporal transit of the habitable zone is estimated to beseveral times 109 yr at 2 AU and around 108 yr at9 AU. Under these circumstances life could develop at distances in therange 2-9 AU in the environment of subgiant or giant stars, and in thefar distant future in the environment of our own solar system. After astar completes its first ascent along the red giant branch and the Heflash takes place, there is an additional stable period of quiescent Hecore burning during which there is another opportunity for life todevelop. For a 1 Msolar star there is an additional109 yr with a stable habitable zone in the region from 7 to22 AU. Space astronomy missions, such as proposed for the TerrestrialPlanet Finder (TPF) and Darwin, that focus on searches for signatures oflife on extrasolar planets, should also consider the environments ofsubgiants and red giant stars as potentially interesting sites forunderstanding the development of life. We performed a preliminaryevaluation of the difficulty of interferometric observations of planetsaround red giant stars compared to a main-sequence star environment. Weshow that pathfinder missions for TPF and Darwin, such as Eclipse andFKSI, have sufficient angular resolution and sensitivity to search forhabitable planets around some of the closest evolved stars of thesubgiant and red giant class.
We present an extended ultraviolet-blue (850-4700 Å) library oftheoretical stellar spectral energy distributions computed at highresolution, λ/Δλ=50,000. The UVBLUE grid, as wenamed the library, is based on LTE calculations carried out with ATLAS9and SYNTHE codes developed by R. L. Kurucz and consists of nearly 1800entries that cover a large volume of the parameter space. It spans arange in Teff from 3000 to 50,000 K, the surface gravityranges from logg=0.0 to 5.0 with Δlogg=0.5 dex, while sevenchemical compositions are considered:[M/H]=-2.0,-1.5,-1.0,-0.5,+0.0,+0.3, and +0.5 dex. For its coverageacross the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, this library is the mostcomprehensive one ever computed at high resolution in theshort-wavelength spectral range, and useful application can be foreseenfor both the study of single stars and in population synthesis models ofgalaxies and other stellar systems. We briefly discuss some relevantissues for a safe application of the theoretical output to ultravioletobservations, and a comparison of our LTE models with the non-LTE (NLTE)ones from the TLUSTY code is also carried out. NLTE spectra are found,on average, to be slightly ``redder'' compared to the LTE ones for thesame value of Teff, while a larger difference could bedetected for weak lines, which are nearly wiped out by the enhanced coreemission component in case of NLTE atmospheres. These effects seem to bemagnified at low metallicity (typically [M/H]<~-1). A match with aworking sample of 111 stars from the IUE atlas, with availableatmosphere parameters from the literature, shows that UVBLUE modelsprovide an accurate description of the main mid- and low-resolutionspectral features for stars along the whole sequence from the B to ~G5type. The comparison sensibly degrades for later spectral types, withsupergiant stars that are in general more poorly reproduced than dwarfs.As a possible explanation of this overall trend, we partly invoke theuncertainty in the input atmosphere parameters to compute thetheoretical spectra. In addition, one should also consider the importantcontamination of the IUE stellar sample, where the presence of binaryand variable stars certainly works in the sense of artificiallyworsening the match between theory and observations.
In this first of a two-paper sequence, we report techniques and resultsof the Cornell High-Order Adaptive Optics Survey (CHAOS) for brown dwarfcompanions. At the time of this writing, this study represents the mostsensitive published population survey of brown dwarf companions tomain-sequence stars for separations akin to our own outer solar system.The survey, conducted using the Palomar 200 inch (5 m) Hale Telescope,consists of Ks coronagraphic observations of 80 main-sequencestars out to 22 pc. At 1" separation from a typical target system, thesurvey achieves median sensitivities 10 mag fainter than the parentstar. In terms of companion mass, the survey achieves typicalsensitivities of 25MJ (1 Gyr), 50MJ (solar age),and 60MJ (10 Gyr), using the evolutionary models of Baraffeand coworkers. Using common proper motion to distinguish companions fromfield stars, we find that no systems show positive evidence of asubstellar companion (searchable separation ~1"-15" projected separation~10-155 AU at the median target distance). In the second paper of theseries we will present our Monte Carlo population simulations.
We present an abundance analysis for stars within 15 pc of the Sunlocated north of -30° declination. We have limited our abundancesample to absolute magnitudes brighter than +7.5 and have eliminatedseveral A stars in the local vicinity. Our final analysis list numbers114 stars. Unlike Allende Prieto et al. in their consideration of a verysimilar sample, we have enforced strict spectroscopic criteria in thedetermination of atmospheric parameters. Nevertheless, our results arevery similar to theirs. We determine the mean metallicity of the localregion to be <[Fe/H]>=-0.07 using all stars and -0.04 when interlopersfrom the thick disk are eliminated.
We obtained high resolution ELODIE and CORALIE spectra for bothcomponents of 20 wide visual binaries composed of an F-, G- or K-dwarfprimary and an M-dwarf secondary. We analyse the well-understood spectraof the primaries to determine metallicities ([Fe/H]) for these 20systems, and hence for their M dwarf components. We pool thesemetallicities with determinations from the literature to obtain aprecise (±0.2 dex) photometric calibration of M dwarfmetallicities. This calibration represents a breakthrough in a fieldwhere discussions have had to remain largely qualitative, and it helpsus demonstrate that metallicity explains most of the large dispersion inthe empirical V-band mass-luminosity relation. We examine themetallicity of the two known M-dwarf planet-host stars, Gl876 (+0.02 dex) and Gl 436 (-0.03 dex), inthe context of preferential planet formation around metal-rich stars. Wefinally determine the metallicity of the 47 brightest single M dwarfs ina volume-limited sample, and compare the metallicity distributions ofsolar-type and M-dwarf stars in the solar neighbourhood.
With the advent of space experiments it was demonstrated that cosmicsources emit energy practically across all the electromagnetic spectrumvia different physical processes. Several physical quantities givewitness to these processes which usually are not stationary; thosephysical observable quantities are then generally variable. Thereforesimultaneous multifrequency observations are strictly necessary in orderto understand the actual behaviour of cosmic sources. Space experimentshave opened practically all the electromagnetic windows on the Universe.A discussion of the most important results coming from multifrequencyphotonic astrophysics experiments will provide new inputs for theadvance of the knowledge of the physics, very often in its more extremeconditions. A multitude of high quality data across practically thewhole electromagnetic spectrum came at the scientific community'sdisposal a few years after the beginning of the Space Era. With thesedata we are attempting to explain the physics governing the Universeand, moreover, its origin, which has been and still is a matter of thegreatest curiosity for humanity. In this paper we will try to describethe last steps of the investigation born with the advent of spaceexperiments, to note upon the most important results and open problemsstill existing, and to comment upon the perspectives we can reasonablyexpect. Once the idea of this paper was well accepted by ourselves, wehad the problem of how to plan the exposition. Indeed, the exposition ofthe results can be made in different ways, following several points ofview, according to: - a division in diffuse and discrete sources; -different classes of cosmic sources; - different spectral ranges, whichimplies in turn a sub-classification in accordance with differenttechniques of observations; - different physical emission mechanisms ofelectromagnetic radiation; - different vehicles used for launching theexperiments (aircraft, balloons, rockets, satellites, observatories). Inorder to exhaustively present The Impact of Space Experiments on ourKnowledge of the Physics of the Universe it would then have beennecessary to write a kind of Encyclopaedia of the Astronomical SpaceResearch, which is not our desire. On the contrary, since our goal is toprovide an useful tool for the reader who has not specialized in spaceastrophysics and for the students, we decided to write this paper in theform of a review, the length of which can be still consideredreasonable, taking into account the complexity of the argumentsdiscussed. Because of the impossibility of realizing a complete pictureof the physics governing the Universe, we were obliged to select how toproceed, the subjects to be discussed the more or the less, or those tobe rejected. Because this work was born in the Ph.D. thesis of one of us(LSG) (Sabau-Graziati, 1990) we decided to follow the `astronomicaltradition' used there, namely: the spectral energy ranges. Although suchenergy ranges do not determine physical objects (even if in many casessuch ranges are used to define the sources as: radio, infrared, optical,ultraviolet, X-ray, γ-ray emitters), they do determine themethods of study, and from the technical point of view they define thetechnology employed in the relative experiments. However, since then wehave decided to avoid a deep description of the experiments, satellites,and observatories, simply to grant a preference to the physical results,rather than to technologies, however fundamental for obtaining thoseresults. The exposition, after an introduction (Section 1) and somecrucial results from space astronomy (Section 2), has been focussed intothree parts: the physics of the diffuse cosmic sources deduced fromspace experiments (Section 3), the physics of cosmic rays from ground-and space-based experiments (Section 4), and the physics of discretecosmic sources deduced from space experiments (Section 5). In this firstpart of the paper we have used the logic of describing the main resultsobtained in different energy ranges, which in turn characterize theexperiments on board space vehicles. Within each energy range we havediscussed the contributions to the knowledge of various kind of cosmicsources coming from different experiments. And this part is mainlyderived by the bulk of the introductory part of LSG's Ph.D. thesis. Inthe second part of the paper, starting from Section 6, we have preferredto discuss several classes of cosmic sources independently of the energyranges, mainly focussing the results from a multifrequency point ofview, making a preference for the knowledge of the physics governing thewhole class. This was decided also because of the multitude of new spaceexperiments launched in the last fifteen years, which would haverendered almost impossible a discussion of the results divided intoenergy ranges without weakening the construction of the entire puzzle.We do not pretend to cover every aspect of every subject consideredunder the heading of the physics of the universe. Instead a crosssection of essays on historical, modern, and philosophical topics areoffered and combined with personal views into tricks of the spaceastrophysics trade. The reader is, then, invited to accept this papereven though it obviously lacks completeness and the arguments discussedare certainly biased by a selection effect owed essentially to ourknowledge, and to it being of a reasonable length. Some parts of itcould seem, in certain sense, to belong to an older paper, in which the`news' is not reported. But this is owed to our own choice, just in fullaccord with the goals of the text: we want to present those resultswhich have, in our opinion, been really important, in the development ofthe science. These impacting results do not necessarily constitute thelast news. This text was formally closed just on the day of the launchof the INTEGRAL satellite: October 17, 2002. After that date onlyfinishing touches have been added.
Determination of fundamental characteristics for stars of the F, G, and K spectral types. The surface gravities and metallicity parameters.
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I've never understood the phenomenon of New Year's Resolutions. Sure, I get that it's a chance to start afresh with a clean slate, but these ritualized promises have become synonymous with bulleting a list never to be unearthed beyond January. Read: People who are successful in achieving their resolution = 8%.
The problem with resolutions is not only that they are overly ambitious (lose 50 pounds, yay?), too vague (drink less, though what is "less"?), or highly specific (anything short of reaching that exact target feels like a failure), but that they fail to account for ingrained habits.
Furthermore, these resolutions don't connect to what happens after they've been accomplished. So you've managed to "become a better person"...then what?
If the result doesn't directly feed into a tangible, sudden gratification, then the driving motivation of that promising ideal doesn't seem that driving anymore.
Instead of creating concrete resolutions, I tend to get more value out of outlining a few general thoughts that inform my day-to-day approach, not define it. They're not new beginnings, just better ones.
Focus on increasing precision. I’ve never identified with being purely detailed oriented and don't aspire to. I just finding thinking along broader visions and working on those ideals to be so much more interesting and fulfilling. Maybe it's a compensating mechanism for not sorting out small details, but I do acknowledge the benefits and need for precision. So much value comes from specificity - it’s a practiced skill that needs to be honed. I think part of the problem is that I associate "detailed oriented" with "time consuming", whereas it’s feasible to be both efficient and precise. In fact, the reason why efficiency is even possible is because there's already a high level of precision, reducing the need to double back and fix errors.
Takeaway: No more rushing through things to get them done. Work on being more precise to increase quality and efficiency.
Be more in the moment for every interaction. There are so many distractions, everywhere. We're living in a swarm of other people's moments. Admittedly, this gets to me too, and there are just those days when I'm not listening as well as I should, and I'm responding as well as I could. But this is really selfish because these interactions are not one-sided. If we're going to expend time on the interaction or conversation at all, we owe it to others to be attentive and come up with thoughtful responses to what they’re saying. Or else, there’s little to be gained and much to be lost in terms of leaving a less than ideal impression.
Takeaway: Consistently make a conscious effort to really engage in every exchange.
Stop delaying, eat the frog. I'd like to work on getting past the dread of doing something I don’t want to do. Sometimes it’s just replying to an email or asking somebody for something. But ask yourself: What's going to change between now and then? Often, it’s not even the thing itself but the accumulated emotion of reluctance that prevents me from making a start. As a workaround, I’ll try to ask myself what’s preventing me from doing it. If whatever that hesitation is can be solved with extra time, then I’ll allow myself to wait. But if theoretically a month could go by and I would be left with the same situation to tackle, then might as well start now.
Takeaway: Look at what's the cause of hesitation. Often it's just prolonged reluctance that makes it seem worse than it really is.
Be more deliberate in choosing what I admire. Because there aren't too many things I'm easily impressed by or admire, I tend to very actively try to emulate the things or people I am impressed by and have deep respect for. What I admire, in turn, explicitly determines the way I think, the values I have, and what I aim for. If this is so, it's worth understanding why I admire X, Y, Z, and making sure that these are really the things I should look up to.
Takeaway: Understand where motivations are coming from and be conscientious in choosing what you want to be influenced by.
Get better at talking about myself. I prefer talking about ideas to talking about myself, but the latter is an equally important skill to have. That is, when it's called for. In fact, in social psychology, it's termed self-disclosure, one of the primary ways to build trust and bond with others. I think it's something some people don't find very natural because other than making others laugh, there seems to be a lack of purpose in telling a story. Perhaps highlighting the takeaway to facts or stories I share will make it more obvious why I'm talking about them, and it would remove the layer of superficiality that comes with the territory of making oneself the primary topic of conversation.
Takeaway: There's value in breadth of conversation, even when it doesn't seem immediately applicable. It's these shared experiences that highlight relatability and become most memorable.
Stay in touch with people more. This one is simple. People are important - it's really not the place you live or what job you have, but the people you share these morsels of life with. Sometimes people who mean much to you drift in and out, and it's unfortunate we let them drift out so far. Maybe it's about being better at reciprocating and creating opportunities to connect rather than relying on spontaneous interactions. But either way, no effort is no excuse.
Takeaway: Make a better effort to reach out to people who are losing touch, especially if geographic circumstance is to blame.
Here's to an improved 2014! Feel free to hold me to these.
Our culture is so imbued with seeing winning as the ultimate objective.
Sports, negotiations, business deals, arguments. It's all about competition and emerging as the victor.
But I'd like to make a distinction here and say that there isn't as much value in winning as in triumphing.
Just look at the prepositions. When you win, you win "against". You're succeeding in something, but that something seems conquerable and in a comparable league. The connotation is lateral. You haven't outlived your circumstances, so to speak.
But when you triumph, you triumph "over". Again, you're successful, but this time, there's a discernible direction of verticality. You're achieving despite the situation, and you've proved yourself against greater odds. Colored by a certain emotionality, adversity, and nobility, it feels much more powerful and fulfilling.
If we're simply looking to win, we're in the wrong game.
Let's aim higher and raise our bar. Instead of winning, let's seek to triumph.
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0.990945 |
Cert verification failed for smtp.comcast.net?
Is there a way to fix/remove/ignore these errors? To trust Comcast's certificate, ideally? I get these errors every time I send a message through my mail server (which then forwards to Comcast's), and logwatch picks them up and forwards the complaints in my daily e-mails. Fortunatly the mails go through, but I'd still like to fix this if possible.
Running Etch and postfix (as you can see).
hey.. aptitude /is/ better than apt-get!
When I was learning Debian, I was told to use apt-get, and I never used anything else, until now. I'd read that aptitude was better than apt-get at resolving dependencies, but I'd never seen proof before, nor had want or need to use it over apt-get.
For context, I run a (personal) Debian Etch server that has the ability to install some packages from Lenny, using apt-preferences. I keep almost everything on Etch's version, but some packages, such as my web and e-mail server, I like to keep more up to date. I know a little about Linux and Debian after a year of running it on the server and a few months on a laptop, but I don't claim to be a guru.
5 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 15 to remove and 276 not upgraded.
After unpacking 41.1MB disk space will be freed.
2 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 330 not upgraded.
Need to get 4842kB of archives. After unpacking 295kB will be freed.
locales: Depends: glibc-2.3.6.ds1-1 which is a virtual package.
libc6-dev: Depends: libc6 (= 2.3.6.ds1-13) but 2.5-9+b1 is to be installed.
No needing to remove gcc and friends, no need to remove anything, in fact. After inspecting this output, I gladly accepted, and it went without a hitch (well, other than lighttpd suddenly not liking server.stat-cache-engine = fam, which has nothing to do with apt-get vs aptitude).
From now on I am going to try to use aptitude, though typing apt-get is so ingrained into my memory (brain and muscle), it will probably be hard. I recommend others use for anything more than a simple one-package install, too, if you aren't already.
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Did a plot link French and Russian revolutions? Fire in the Minds of Men: Origins of the Revolutionary Faith, by James H. Billington. New York: Basic Books. $25.
By Dale LaBelle Dale LaBelle is a free lance writer.
James H. Billington, a former Princeton professor and chairman of the Fulbright program, is the current director of the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Studies.
This volume is the product of a "subjectivist method" in historiography, for, as Billington writes, his method "was to concentrate on old books in the light of insights derived from new students."
He focuses here on revolution, which, like a subsoil forest fire, licked upward repeatedly in Europe from 1789 (France) to 1917 (Russia).
Occultism, he finds, was the tinderbox in which the spark of revolution ignited. Freemasonry and other secret hierarchical organizations provided the model for a series of interlocking political conspiracies.
The Illuminist Order, founded in Bavaria by Adam Weishaupt in 1776, went further than most in molding a conspiracy to overturn the monarchical order in favor of "natural" equality and justice.
The order influenced political figures close to the House of Orleans on the eve of the French Revolution. It swayed subsequent generations through the writing of Filippo Buonarotti, a participant in the 1796 conspiracy of Gracchus Babeuf to extend the French political revolution with a further social revolt to establish community property.
Throughout the 19th century similar organizational projects attracted intellectuals who influenced the newly literate masses through the first mass medium, journalism.
Born of Europe's struggle against Napoleon, romantic nationalism held sway until the Revolution of 1830 in France. Under Louis- Philippe, concepts of social revolution began to move to the fore. The Revolution 1848 coincided with Karl Marx's "Communist Manifesto."
After Marx, social revolutionaries were divided into two camps: those who felt the chief enemy was capital, as he did, or those who pitted themselves against government itself, as did Proudhon and Bakunin.
In the industrial age the most successful model of a revolutionary machine was offered by the Marxist Social Democratic Party of Germany after 1870.
If Germans were fascinated by machines, Billington argues, Russians were enthralled by dynamite, and redirected it to political ends through assassinations and terror. The ultimate combination of Russian violence and German organization was achieved by Lenin (himself half German and half Russian) , who overthrew an unelected government in 1917 with his Bolshevik half of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party and rechristened his instrument the Communist Party.
By exercising his right "to ignore professional debates" and a "willingness to follow seminal figures on leaps of history," Billington argues the descent of Bolshevism from the beginnings of the Illuminist Order a century and a half earlier.
Appealingly simplistic and heavily freighted by citations, Billington's argument isn't really persuasive in demonstrating uninterrupted linkage among conspirators between 1776 and 1917. In the absence of direct evidence, hypotheses about possible influence can only be considered speculative. Complex historical processes cannot be reduced to organizational fetishism or seductively simplified as representing fragments of a Great Conspiracy.
The mass of footnotes at the end of this magisterial 650-page volume may appear to lend plausibility to Billington's position, but in the end his case seems subjective if not specious.
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'You can imagine how I felt when I saw that photo of my daughter. It broke my heart. It's difficult as a father to see that, but I know now that they are not in danger. They are safer now than when they were making that journey to the border,' he said.
He revealed that his wife had previously mentioned her wish to go to the United States for a 'better future' but did not tell him nor any of their family members that she was planning to make the trek.
He said that Sandra had always wanted to experience 'the American dream' and hoped to find a good job in the States.
'I never got the chance to say goodbye to my daughter and now all I can do is wait', he said, adding that he hopes they are either granted political asylum or are sent back home.
Denis said that he believes the journey across the border is only worth it to some degree, and admits that it's not something he would ever consider.
He said he heard from friends that his wife paid $6,000 for a coyote - a term for someone who smuggles people across the border.
The heart-breaking photo was taken by Getty photographer John Moore close to midnight on the night of June 12 near McAllen, Texas, as the row over Donald Trump's separation of migrant parents and children escalated.
Denis said that he hopes to use the photo and his family's situation to help him reunite with his daughter.
When asked about his views on Trump's border policy, Denis said: 'I've never seen it in a positive light the way others do. It violates human rights and children's rights. Separating children from their parents is just wrong. They are suffering and are traumatized.
'The laws need to be modified and we need to have a conversation. It's just not right.
'[Illegal] Immigration and drug smuggling across the United States border is never gonna stop. They can build a wall and it's never going to stop,' he said.
Moore's photo showed Yanela crying on a dirt track as her mother is patted down by a Border Patrol agent.
For many the photo summed up the cruelty of Trump's 'zero tolerance' policy towards migrants which has caused 2,300 children to be separated from their mothers and fathers.
As they made the perilous 1,800 mile journey North through Central America and Mexico, Hernandez heard very little - until he saw Moore's photograph.
Speaking to People magazine he said that the girl's mother was the last to be searched and a female agent asked her to put Yanela down so she could pat her down.
Moore said: 'The mother hesitated and then set down the little girl and the child immediately started crying.
'As a father, it was very emotional for me just to hear those cries. When I saw this little girl break down in tears I wanted to comfort this child.
Moore crouched 6ft from the girl as she looked up at her mother and took seven shots, Yanela's mother's hands spread out on the Border Patrol truck.
The President said that he wanted to look strong but admitted that the 'zero tolerance' policy made him look like he had 'no heart'.
Trump's climb down came after worldwide outrage including British Prime Minister Theresa May who called his policy 'deeply disturbing' while Pope Francis said it was 'immoral'.
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Shouldn’t the Genealogies of Genesis Lead to a Creation Date of 4004 BC?
Misunderstanding the genealogies of the Old Testament could lead to the view taken by Archbishop Ussher that the world was created on 4004 BC.
The genealogies of Genesis are clearly not reliable for determining the amount of time that has elapsed between the creation of man and the coming of Christ. For instance, the Genesis genealogies would allow for only 300 years between Noah and Abraham, yet at the time of Abraham there were already great civilizations in such widespread places as Egypt, China, India, Mesopotamia, and Greece. In addition, detailed archaeological evidence demonstrates that in some of these places many dynasties had already come and gone, and civilization was already ancient.
There are a number of good examples of how genealogies tend to omit all but the most important individuals in a line. For instance, Matthew 1:1 names only Abraham, David, and Christ. Even though there are only four generations listed between Levi and Moses (Exodus 6:16-20), Numbers 3:39 states that Levi’s descendants already were numbered at 22,000 males! (The genealogy shown for Ephraim seems to show 18 generations between Ephraim and Joshua. This genealogy is found in 1 Chronicles 7:20-27). The list of kings in Matthew 1:2-17 omits a number of names that are listed in the list of kings in the Old Testament.
These and other examples demonstrate that the genealogies of the Old Testament patriarchs are given in order to demonstrate the common descent of all mankind from Adam and Eve, not to provide a complete chronology of the time that has elapsed from Adam to Christ.
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This article is a highly speculative account of how our distant ancestors evolved the capacity for speech, together with the evolved capacities that would later be exapted to the behavioural functions of reading and writing.
Did our human ancestors actually 'invent' writing, or did spoken language and writing co-evolve?
Consider that in reading we can generally read the intent of a writer rather than be baulked by the writer's errors. Evolution has provided us with a largely subconscious error-correction mechanism which operates for both speech and writing.
I suggest that the human invention of writing 'out of thin air' is an impossibility. When writing first began to be used it must have had a firm underlying evolutionary basis in language, or some component of language, in order to be used as a system of visible tokens for language. I suggest that there must have been components of speech linked or linkable to eye-hand coordination without which writing could not have been developed.
Humans and other primates have much in common. In particular, we are vocalisers and tool users. At some time in the past when hominids diverged from other primates there was only one feature common to all hominids and lacking in other primates: all hominids stood upright. This, I suggest, is a crucial factor in the evolution of our use of language.
It has become unremarkable to suggest that evolution of the upright stance freed the hands to use tools. Nevertheless, I suggest that, since various primates use tools without the benefit of an upright stance, the upright stance must have evolved from other causes and then permitted a more skillful use of tools, especially with the evolution of opposable thumbs.
I suggest that upright stance co-evolved with ever more refined vocalising abilities. An upright stance would appear to allow a greater degree of voluntary control over breathing, perhaps related to swimming. Such breathing control is a pre-requisite for human-style, precisely-controlled, smooth vocalisation. Other refinements to the 'organs of speech', such as the descended larynx, may have become possible only after the upright posture was fully, or nearly fully evolved.
Before the evolution of language, there had to be a role for language to fill, an evolutionary advantage to be gained. On the reasonable assumption that our remote ancestors were hunters, an advantage suggests itself: cooperation in the hunt. However, a species that coordinates the hunt by making noises is going to be less successful than a species that can hunt in silence.
It appears reasonable to suppose that, in a sufficiently open area, first body language and then overt gestures could have evolved as a means of coordinating the hunt. Co-evolution of gestural abilities and of intelligence seems a plausible evolutionary path. Hunting requires an ability to find, track, and hunt down prey. A species which can out-think the prey has an evolutionary advantage. A sufficiently evolved gestural language, together with the necessary mental skills, would eventually allow a hunting species to plan ahead for the hunt as a social group.
A sufficiently evolved gestural language would eventually permit planning ahead in general, and the more precise allocation of tasks. This would enhance the survivability of a group whilst concurrently contributing to the evolution of greater cohesion. I suggest that the evolution of language was in parallel with the evolution of a social grouping based on a greater division of labour than occurs in animal societies generally: the precursor of human society.
Once a facility evolved to interpret gestural signs as having ever more precise meaning, it would take little brain evolution to provide a capacity for the abstraction of signs. An ability to associate marks in the sand first with the creatures that made them, and then with gestures, would assist in planning a hunt.
I suggest that once the association of marks with gestures became possible, the groundwork was laid for an association of sounds with marks and gestures. I suggest that a gestural language, a language of marks, and a sonic language all co-evolved, with speech perhaps lagging behind. Later, in an environment where line-of-sight communication became difficult, spoken language would have had greater survival value. It could have rapidly overtaken gestural language in its utility and versatility, perhaps by exapting gestural brain functions to speech.
Through co-evolution, our distant ancestors could have evolved the capacity for speech, together with the capacities that would later be exapted to the functions of reading and writing. Our remote ancestors hunted using gestures during the hunt. This evolved to abstraction: gestures to plan the hunt, later accompanied by and even later replaceable by both marks in the sand and sounds. Later, the sounds and marks (sketches) came to be signs for objects, actions and finally, ideas.
It is highly unlikely that we may find the fossilised remains of marks deliberately made in the sand by an ancestor. However, it is not difficult to imagine an ancestor showing a child how to track an animal by making approximations of animal tracks and human footprints in the sand.
The 'drawing' skill would later be evidenced first in cave art, then in pottery and carvings, finally in recognisable visual abstractions of sounds, i.e. writing.
If you have enjoyed reading this, you may also enjoy New Hominid Discovered : Anoiapithecus brevirostris and other articles on language and linguistics in my blog: The Chatter Box.
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The principle objective of this article is to know about noise canceling microphones. Noise canceling microphones are incredibly helpful when listening to music, when installed in lawn mowers, and refrigerators. Noise canceling microphones are also used in the armed, to accept precise and apparent audio communication. Telephone conversations can also be prepared noise free with the assist of these microphones.
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How healthy is oatmeal for dogs? Oats, oat flour and oat bran all provide healthy nutrients that will help to keep your dog fit and strong.
In fact, these healthy ingredients are often found in high quality natural commercial preparations for dog food and dog treats.
The American Pharmaceutical Association also reports oat products to be safe and effective, when used to reduce cholesterol levels, both in people and in animals.
In addition, many veterinarians now recommend some oatmeal or bran in your pet's diet to help keep their bowels regular and to protect against heart disease.
Oats can help keep cholesterol in check for dogs, just as it does for people!
Oatmeal is easily added to dog treat recipes.
Oats have been used for centuries in livestock feeds, and hearty oatmeal has been a staple in many countries for humans.
Oatmeal is hearty and it has a very pleasant taste. Here in the US, it is a common breakfast food.
Oats grow as a grass that later forms seeds (or oats). Oat bran is part of the seed, and the bran is separated from the oats after harvest. Oats are then “rolled” to be used as a cereal or an ingredient in baked goods. Or they are ground to make flour.
You can substitute oat flour or old fashioned rolled oats freely for other types of flour in dog treats recipes. When you substitute oats, or oatmeal flour for another flour, it should be substituted, cup for cup.
However, if you wish to add oat bran to a recipe, adding just a tablespoon of oat bran will serve as a healthy supplement to your dog’s diet. Adding too much bran to a dog’s diet can cause digestive upsets, with flatulence or diarrhea.
Always keep oat bran refrigerated or in a sealed container, as it can get rancid after being exposed to air. If you suspect that your bran is rancid, smell it. If it is rancid, it will have a strong characteristic rancid odor.
Oats and its various forms go nicely with applesauce and cinnamon in homemade dog treats.
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Thomas Lanier "Tennessee" Williams III (March 26, 1911 – February 25, 1983) was an American playwright and author of many stage classics. Along with Eugene O'Neill and Arthur Miller he is considered among the three foremost playwrights in 20th-century American drama.
After years of obscurity, he became suddenly famous with The Glass Menagerie (1944), closely reflecting his own unhappy family background. This heralded a string of successes, including A Streetcar Named Desire (1947), Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1955), and Sweet Bird of Youth (1959). His later work attempted a new style that did not appeal to audiences, and alcohol and drug dependence further inhibited his creative output. His drama A Streetcar Named Desire is often numbered on the short list of the finest American plays of the 20th century alongside Long Day's Journey into Night and Death of a Salesman.
Much of Williams' most acclaimed work was adapted for the cinema. He also wrote short stories, poetry, essays and a volume of memoirs. In 1979, four years before his death, Williams was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame.
Thomas Lanier Williams III was born in Columbus, Mississippi, of English, Welsh, and Huguenot ancestry, the second child of Edwina Dakin (1884–1980) and Cornelius Coffin "C. C." Williams (1879–1957).:11 His father was an alcoholic traveling shoe salesman who spent much of his time away from home. His mother, Edwina, was the daughter of Rose O. Dakin, a music teacher, and the Reverend Walter Dakin, an Episcopal priest who was assigned to a parish in Clarksdale, Mississippi, shortly after Williams' birth. Williams' early childhood was spent in the parsonage there. Williams had two siblings, sister Rose Isabel Williams (1909–1996) and brother Walter Dakin Williams (1919–2008).
As a small child Williams suffered from a case of diphtheria which nearly ended his life, leaving him weak and virtually confined to his house during a period of recuperation that lasted a year. At least in part as a result of his illness, he was less robust as a child than his father wished. Cornelius Williams, a descendant of hearty east-Tennessee pioneer stock (hence Williams' professional name), had a violent temper and was a man prone to use his fists. He regarded his son's effeminacy with disdain, and his mother Edwina, locked in an unhappy marriage, focused her overbearing attention almost entirely on her frail young son. Many critics and historians note that Williams found inspiration for much of his writing in his own dysfunctional family.
When Williams was eight years old, his father was promoted to a job at the home office of the International Shoe Company in St. Louis, Missouri. His mother's continual search for what she considered to be an appropriate address, as well as his father's heavy drinking and loudly turbulent behavior, caused them to move numerous times around the city. He attended Soldan High School, a setting he referred to in his play The Glass Menagerie. Later he studied at University City High School. At age 16, Williams won third prize (five dollars) for an essay published in Smart Set entitled, "Can a Good Wife Be a Good Sport?" A year later, his short story "The Vengeance of Nitocris" was published in the August 1928 issue of the magazine Weird Tales. That same year he first visited Europe with his grandfather.
Overworked, unhappy and lacking any further success with his writing, by his twenty-fourth birthday he had suffered a nervous breakdown and left his job. Memories of this period, and a particular factory co-worker, became part of the character Stanley Kowalski in A Streetcar Named Desire.:15 By the mid-1930s his father's increasing alcoholism and abusive temper (he had part of his ear bitten off in a poker game fight) finally led Edwina to separate from him, although they never divorced.
In 1936 Williams enrolled at Washington University in St. Louis where he wrote the play Me, Vashya (1937). By 1938 he had moved on to University of Iowa, where he completed his undergraduate degree and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in English. He later studied at the Dramatic Workshop of The New School in New York City. Speaking of his early days as a playwright and referring to an early collaborative play called Cairo, Shanghai, Bombay!, produced while he was a part of an amateur summer theater group in Memphis, Tennessee, Williams wrote, "The laughter ... enchanted me. Then and there the theatre and I found each other for better and for worse. I know it's the only thing that saved my life." Around 1939, he adopted "Tennessee Williams" as his professional name.
In the late 1930s, as the young playwright struggled to have his work accepted, Williams supported himself with a string of menial jobs that included a notably disastrous stint as caretaker on a chicken ranch outside Los Angeles. In 1939, with the help of his agent, Audrey Wood, he was awarded a $1,000 grant from the Rockefeller Foundation in recognition of his play Battle of Angels which was produced in Boston in 1940, but poorly received.
Using some of the Rockefeller funds, Williams moved to New Orleans in 1939 to write for the Works Progress Administration (WPA), a federally funded program begun by President Franklin D. Roosevelt created to put people back to work and which helped many artists, musicians and writers survive during the Great Depression. He lived for a time in New Orleans' French Quarter; first at 722 Toulouse Street, the setting of his 1977 play Vieux Carré. (The building is now part of The Historic New Orleans Collection.) The Rockefeller grant brought him to the attention of the Hollywood film industry and Williams received a six-month contract from the Metro Goldwyn Mayer film studio, earning $250 weekly.
During the winter of 1944–45, his "memory play" The Glass Menagerie, developed from his 1943 short story Portrait of a Girl in Glass, was successfully produced in Chicago garnering good reviews. It moved to New York where it became an instant and enormous hit during its long Broadway run. The play tells the story of a young man, Tom, his disabled sister, Laura, and their controlling mother Amanda, who tries to make a match between Laura and a gentleman caller. Williams' use of his own familial relationships as inspiration for the play is impossible to miss. Elia Kazan (who directed many of Williams' greatest successes) said of Williams: "Everything in his life is in his plays, and everything in his plays is in his life." The Glass Menagerie won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award for best play of the season.
Between 1948 and 1959 seven of his plays were performed on Broadway: Summer and Smoke (1948), The Rose Tattoo (1951), Camino Real (1953), Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1955), Orpheus Descending (1957), Garden District (1958), and Sweet Bird of Youth (1959). By 1959 he had earned two Pulitzer Prizes, three New York Drama Critics' Circle Awards, three Donaldson Awards, and a Tony Award.
Williams' work reached wide audiences in the early 1950s when The Glass Menagerie and A Streetcar Named Desire were made into motion pictures. Later plays also adapted for the screen included Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, The Rose Tattoo, Orpheus Descending, The Night of the Iguana, Sweet Bird of Youth, and Summer and Smoke.
After the extraordinary successes of the 1940s and 1950s, the 1960s and 1970s brought personal turmoil and theatrical failures. Although he continued to write every day, the quality of his work suffered from his increasing alcohol and drug consumption as well as occasional poor choices of collaborators. In 1963, his partner Frank Merlo died. Consumed by depression over the loss, and in and out of treatment facilities under the control of his mother and younger brother Dakin, Williams spiraled downward. Kingdom of Earth (1967), In the Bar of a Tokyo Hotel (1969), Small Craft Warnings (1973), The Two Character Play (also called Out Cry, 1973), The Red Devil Battery Sign (1976), Vieux Carré (1978), Clothes for a Summer Hotel (1980) and others were all box office failures, and the relentlessly negative press notices wore down his spirit. His last play, A House Not Meant To Stand was produced in Chicago in 1982 and, despite largely positive reviews, ran for only 40 performances.
Critics and audiences alike failed to appreciate Williams' new style and the approach to theater he developed during the 1970s. Williams said, “I’ve been working very hard since 1969 to make an artistic comeback...there is no release short of death” (Spoto 335), and “I want to warn you, Elliot, the critics are out to get me. You’ll see how vicious they are. They make comparisons with my earlier work, but I’m writing differently now” (Spoto 331). Leverich explains that Williams to the end was concerned with "the depths and origin of human feelings and motivations, the difference being that he had gone into a deeper, more obscure realm, which, of course, put the poet in him to the fore, and not the playwright who would bring much concern for audience and critical reaction” (xxiii).
Throughout his life Williams remained close to his sister Rose who was diagnosed with schizophrenia as a young woman. In 1943, as her behavior became increasingly disturbing, she was subjected to a lobotomy with disastrous results and was subsequently institutionalized for the rest of her life. As soon as he was financially able, Williams had her moved to a private institution just north of New York City where he often visited her. He gave her a percentage interest in several of his most successful plays, the royalties from which were applied toward her care. The devastating effects of Rose's illness may have contributed to Williams' alcoholism and his dependence on various combinations of amphetamines and barbiturates.
After some early attempts at relationships with women, by the late 1930s Williams had finally accepted his homosexuality. In New York City he joined a gay social circle which included fellow writer and close friend Donald Windham (1920–2010) and his then partner Fred Melton. In the summer of 1940 Williams initiated an affair with Kip Kiernan (1918–1944), a young Canadian dancer he met in Provincetown, Massachusetts. When Kiernan left him to marry a woman he was distraught, and Kiernan's death four years later at 26 delivered another heavy blow.
On a 1945 visit to Taos, New Mexico, Williams met Pancho Rodríguez y González, a hotel clerk of Mexican heritage. Rodríguez was, by all accounts, a loving and loyal companion. However, he was also prone to jealous rages and excessive drinking, and so the relationship was a tempestuous one. Nevertheless, in February 1946 Rodríguez left New Mexico to join Williams in his New Orleans apartment. They lived and traveled together until late 1947 when Williams ended the affair. Rodríguez and Williams remained friends, however, and were in contact as late as the 1970s.
Williams spent the spring and summer of 1948 in Rome in the company of a teenaged Italian boy, called "Rafaello" in Williams' Memoirs, to whom he provided financial assistance for several years afterwards, a situation which planted the seed of Williams' first novel, The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone.
When he returned to New York that spring, he met and fell in love with Frank Merlo (1922–1963), an occasional actor of Sicilian heritage who had served in the U.S. Navy in World War II.
This one enduring romantic relationship of Williams' life lasted 14 years until infidelities and drug abuse on both sides ended it. Merlo, who became Williams' personal secretary, taking on most of the details of their domestic life, provided a period of happiness and stability as well as a balance to the playwright's frequent bouts with depression and the fear that, like his sister Rose, he would fall into insanity. Their years together, in an apartment in Manhattan and a modest house in Key West, Florida, were Williams' happiest and most productive. Shortly after their breakup, Merlo was diagnosed with inoperable lung cancer and Williams returned to take care of him until his death on September 20, 1963.
As he had feared, in the years following Merlo's death Williams was plunged into a period of nearly catatonic depression and increasing drug use resulting in several hospitalizations and commitments to mental health facilities. He submitted to injections by Dr. Max Jacobson – known popularly as Dr. Feelgood – who used increasing amounts of amphetamines to overcome his depression and combined these with prescriptions for the sedative Seconal to relieve his insomnia. During this time, influenced by his brother Dakin, a Roman Catholic convert, Williams joined the Catholic church. He was never truly able to recoup his earlier success, or to entirely overcome his dependence on prescription drugs.
In the 1970s, when he was in his 60s, Williams had a lengthy relationship with Robert Carroll, a Vietnam veteran and aspiring writer in his 20s. Williams had deep affection for Carroll and respect for what he saw as the younger man's talents. Along with Williams' sister Rose, Carroll was one of the two people who received a bequest in Williams' will. Williams described Carroll's behavior as a combination of "sweetness" and "beastliness". Because Carroll had a drug problem (as did Williams), friends such as Maria St. Just saw the relationship as "destructive". Williams wrote that Carroll played on his "acute loneliness" as an aging gay man. When the two men broke up in 1979, Williams called Carroll a "twerp", but they remained friends until Williams died four years later.
On February 25, 1983, Williams was found dead in his suite at the Hotel Elysée in New York at age 71. The Chief Medical Examiner of New York City reported that Williams had choked to death from inhaling or swallowing the plastic cap of a nasal spray dispenser.
Williams left his literary rights to The University of the South in Sewanee, Tennessee, an Episcopal school, in honor of his grandfather, Walter Dakin, an alumnus of the university. The funds support a creative writing program. When his sister Rose died in 1996 after many years in a mental institution, she bequeathed $7 million from her part of the Williams estate to The University of the South as well.
From February 1 to July 21, 2011, to commemorate the 100th anniversary of his birth, the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin, the home of Williams' archive, exhibited 250 of his personal items. The exhibit, entitled "Becoming Tennessee Williams," included a collection of Williams manuscripts, correspondence, photographs and artwork. The Ransom Center holds the earliest and largest collections of Williams' papers including all of his earliest manuscripts, the papers of his mother Edwina Williams, and those of his long-time agent Audrey Wood.
In late 2009, Williams was inducted into the Poets' Corner at the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine in New York. Performers who took part in his induction included Vanessa Redgrave, John Guare, Eli Wallach, Sylvia Miles, Gregory Mosher, and Ben Griessmeyer.
At the time of his death, Williams had been working on a final play, In Masks Outrageous and Austere, which attempted to reconcile certain forces and facts of his own life, a theme which ran throughout his work, as Elia Kazan had said. As of September 2007, author Gore Vidal was completing the play, and Peter Bogdanovich was slated to direct its Broadway debut. The play finally received its world premiere in New York City in April 2012, directed by David Schweizer and starring Shirley Knight as Babe.
The rectory of St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Columbus, Mississippi, where Williams's grandfather Dakin was rector at the time of Williams's birth, was moved to another location in 1993 for preservation, and was newly renovated in 2010 for use by the City of Columbus as the Tennessee Williams Welcome Center.
Williams was honored by the U.S. Postal Service on a stamp in 1994 as part of its literary arts series.
The Pulitzer Prize for Drama was awarded to A Streetcar Named Desire in 1948 and to Cat on a Hot Tin Roof in 1955. These two plays were later filmed, with great success, by noted directors Elia Kazan (Streetcar), with whom Williams developed a very close artistic relationship, and Richard Brooks (Cat). Both plays included references to elements of Williams's life such as homosexuality, mental instability, and alcoholism. Although The Flowering Peach by Clifford Odets was the preferred choice of the Pulitzer Prize jury in 1955 and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof was at first considered the weakest of the five shortlisted nominees, Joseph Pulitzer Jr., chairman of the Board, had seen Cat on a Hot Tin Roof and thought it worthy of the drama prize. The Board went along with him after considerable discussion.
Williams wrote The Parade, or Approaching the End of a Summer when he was 29 and worked on it sporadically throughout his life. A semi-autobiographical depiction of his 1940 romance with Kip Kiernan in Provincetown, Massachusetts, it was produced for the first time on October 1, 2006, in Provincetown by the Shakespeare on the Cape production company, as part of the First Annual Provincetown Tennessee Williams Festival.
Virginia Spencer Carr, friend and biographer of Williams.
1 2 3 Harold Bloom, Tennessee Williams, Chelsea House Publishing.
↑ Hoare, Philip (September 12, 1996). "Obituary: Rose Williams". The Independent. London. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
↑ Cuthbert, David. "Theater Guy: Remembering Dakin Williams, Tennessee's 'professional brother' and a colorful fixture at N.O.'s Tenn fest". blog.nola.com. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
↑ "Tennessee Williams: Biography". Pearson Education. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
↑ "Tennessee Williams' brother dead at 89". UPI. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
↑ "Notable Alumni – Department of Theatre – University of Missouri". University of Missouri. Retrieved 2011-02-23.
↑ "Manuscript Materials – Division of Special Collections, Archives and Rare Books". University of Missouri. Retrieved 2011-03-18.
↑ Tennessee State Historical Marker 2 May 2008.
↑ Saint Louis University Library Associates. "Recipients of the Saint Louis Literary Award". Retrieved July 25, 2016.
↑ Johnston, Laurie (November 19, 1979). "Theater Hall of Fame Enshrines 51 Artists". New York Times.
↑ Philip Kolin, Something Cloudy, Something Clear: Tennessee Williams's Postmodern Memory Play. Spring 1998. Retrieved: 28 May 2010.
↑ Greenberg-Slovin, Naomi. "Notes from the Dramaturg". Program to The Glass Menagerie. Everyman Theatre, Baltimore, 2013–14 season.
↑ Spoto, Donald (1997). The Kindness of Strangers: The Life of Tennessee Williams. Da Capo Press. p. 302. ISBN 9780306808050.
↑ Bradham Thornton, Margaret (2006). Notebooks. Yale University Press. p. 738. ISBN 9780300116823.
↑ Daley, Suzanne (February 27, 1983). "Williams Choked on a Bottle Cap". The New York Times. New York. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
↑ "Tennessee Williams: An Inventory of His Collection at the Harry Ransom Center". norman.hrc.utexas.edu. Retrieved 2016-02-29.
1 2 Rand, Susan (2009-11-15). "Photo Gallery: Tennessee Williams inducted into Poets' Corner". Wicked Local Wellfleet. Perinton, New York: GateHouse Media. Retrieved 2011-02-23.
↑ "Cover-up in Tennessee Williams's death". New York Post. 2010-02-15. Retrieved 2011-02-23.
↑ "A 'new' Tennessee Williams play reaches Broadway". New York Daily News. 2007-09-11. Retrieved 2011-02-23.
↑ Adam Kepler (March 4, 2012). "Heroine Is Chosen for Last Williams Play". New York Times. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
↑ Ryan Poe (2010-09-10). "Newly renovated Tennessee Williams home debuts – The Dispatch". The Commercial Dispatch. Retrieved 2011-02-23.
↑ "Tennessee Williams Welcome Center," official website of the City of Columbus, Mississippi, accessed 20 October 2013.
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Answer the questions according to the reading passage.
A tic is a repeated, impulsive action, reflexive in nature, which the actor feels powerless to control or avoid. Only when the individual performs the tic, is tension and anxiety released within the individual with a tic disorder. Tics can be triggered by an emotional state or sensation, or can happen for no obvious reason. General types of tics include verbal tics, facial tics, and other muscular tics. Physical and psychological therapy and medication can cause tics to go away, often permanently. Muscular tics look something like twitches or quick grimaces, and often affect the eyes and hands. Muscular tics can affect multiple muscles at once. Some forms of stuttering are caused by muscular tics in the throat, tongue, or vocal cords when speaking or preparing to speak.
1. According to the reading, tics ----.
2. As it is pointed out in the passage ----.
3. One can infer from the passage that ----.
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Is the earth a gigantic crystal that resonates at 7 Hz with harmonic focal points at specific equidistant points?
One of the best summaries is “Anti-Gravity and the World Grid” by David Childress.
The Bermuda Triangle & Japan’s Devil’s Sea are considered anomalies, where unexplained phenomena occur, such as disappearing ships & planes, & radios & compasses that stop working.
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Would you recommend Your Voice to a friend?
I do believe that platforms like Your Voice are doing a great job to raise awareness to mental health issues. It's hard to share your mental problems in the open. But knowing that somebody else went through the same experience and overcame it is helpful.
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Please see also 'press pack' page for biographies in other languages.
Lilly Drumeva is a Bulgarian singer, songwriter and music producer. She formed Bulgaria's most successful country and bluegrass band "Lilly of the West" in 1996, still active today. The group has performed in many European countries and the US, winning prestigious awards. Lilly has released ten albums and has organized numerous music events, concerts and festivals. She is also a renowned music journalist and radio presenter (BBC, Balkan Bulgarian Television, Retro Radio, Radio Sofia). Lilly is a Fulbright scholar and has studied music in Nashville, TN. She is the author of the book "In The Mood With Lilly - 50 Music Themes", a music encyclopedia in Bulgarian language. Lilly is also a successful music promoter, organizing tours for American and European artists.
For 20 years Lilly has been involved in American music in Bulgaria and abroad. She is the founder of the first and only country & bluegrass music band "Lilly of the West". She is the source of information, coordinator and expert on this music in Bulgaria. Lilly educates the audience and teaches young musicians to play country & bluegrass. She inspires the fans and spreads audio and video material, books, magazines and other publications on the subject.
Lilly is a member of the European Bluegrass Music Association (EBMA) in Basel, Switzerland, the International Bluegrass Music Association (IBMA) in Nashville, TN, a professional member of the Country Music Association (CMA) in Nashville, TN. She is a spokesperson for the Bulgarian singer/songwriter community "Poets with guitars. The "Poets with guitars" movement follows the footsteps of the great American songwriters, such as Bob Dylan, John Denver and others.
Career as an artist & bandleader of "Lilly of the West"
Lilly Drumeva formed the band "Lilly of the West" in 1996 in Sofia. Shortly after releasing a debut album, the band toured successfully throughout Europe and the US, winning European and international awards. "Lilly of the West" has a large repertoire, including country, bluegrass, swing, jazz and folk music. The band has released nine CDs to date; the latter ("Swings & Heartaches") is a retro album, with jazz & swing standards from the 1940s. Lilly has written many songs and has arranged most of the band's material. She is the lead vocalist, guitarist, violinist and mandolinist.
Please Click here to read more details abot "Lilly of the West"
Lilly Drumeva performs also as a solo artist and as a duo with guitarist Yassen Vassilev. She has collaborated with some of the best musicians in Europe and the US: Jessie Brock (US), Marshall Wilborn (US), Al Goll (US), Lubos Malina (CZ), Jakub Racek (CZ), Zsolt Pinter (HU), Roberto Dalla Vecchia (IT), Andy Glandt (GR), Michal Barok (SK), Gerhard Jung (AU), Dorian Ricaux (FR), Chris Schut (NL), Rick Townend (UK) and many others. She has recorded several duets and has featured guest musicians on her albums. Lilly is a versatile singer with a huge repertoire. She feels comfortable in the genres: country, bluegrass, swing, Irish and Bulgarian folk music. On her latest project Lilly experiments with a new sound - acoustic pop. Her tenth album "Strong Machine" features original songs written by Lilly and some gifted Bulgarian Writers: Nikolai Peev, Stamen Yanev, Dessi Sofranova and Grisha Trifonov. The songs are often played on Bulgarian radio.
Lilly's career on radio began in 2001 in London, where she took a position with the BBC World Service. She has worked as a music journalist and reporter for the weekly program "Mega Chas". In 2003 she returned to Bulgaria and started hosting music shows on "Retro Radio" and "Horizont", together with Bulgarian radio legend Toma Sprostranov. In 2007 she took a position as music editor on Radio Sofia, part of the Bulgarian National Radio. She currently hosts a weekly music shows "In the mood with Lilly". Between 2006 and 2011 Lilly has had her own country music show on Balkan Bulgarian Television. The program was broadcasted nationwide, as well as in the neighboring countries. Lilly's shows on radio and TV are educational and entertaining. Every issue presents the story and roots of American music, from traditional to modern. The material for it is provided through Lilly's personal labor and contacts. She receives regularly material from Aristomedia and the Country Music Associations. Guests on the shows are music celebrities as well as diplomats from the US embassy, introducing their valuable music collections. In 2015 Lilly received an award for professional brilliance by the Bulgarian radio journalists' society.
Since 1999 Lilly has been writing for several music magazines ("Bluegrass Europe", "Country Music International", "Country Music People"). She has written reviews of numerous CDs and concerts attended. She has conducted more than fifty interviews with professionals in the music industry and has written several articles. In 2013 Lilly received a Fulbright scholarship to study country and bluegrass music in the US. She researched authentic American music genres during her stay in Kentucky and Tennessee. Some of her stories have been published in the magazine "Bluegrass Europe". In 2014 Lilly released her first book "In The Mood With Lilly - 50 Music Themes". It is a music encyclopedia in Bulgarian language, focusing on country, bluegrass, swing, blues, rock and roll, jazz, soul, new wave and disco. The book is available in all Bulgarian book stores and received favorable reviews.
Since 1996 Lilly has worked as a booking agent of her band Lilly of the West. She has organized concerts and tours throughout Europe and the United States. In her home country Bulgaria Lilly has hosted and promoted a large number of events: theme shows, anniversaries, special evenings, new release parties, conferences and music gatherings. In 2013 Lilly organized her first country and bluegrass festival in Bulgaria "Country West Fest" in Bankya. Lilly has worked closely with the Culture Department of the US embassy, co-organizing several concerts: The Ebony Hillbillies, The Dust Busters, Steve James, Laurie Lewis and others. In 2015 Lilly worked on the project "Cowboys and Indians - In Song And Verse" - an American show featuring music, poetry and story-telling. Lilly organized a Bulgarian tour for the group including twelve concerts in Sofia, Plovdiv, Stara Zagora, Burgas, Kurdzhali, Blagoevgrad, Lovech and Bankya. She booked also radio and TV appearances for the show on prime time programs. She publicized and promoted it with great success. Her work received positive feedback and Lilly is currently preparing for a new tour.
Lilly Drumeva's mission is to introduce and promote quality American music to a wide number of people in her Home country Bulgaria and around the world. Her personal efforts and dedication deserve support!
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Is the doctrine of eternal generation biblical? What is the doctrine of eternal generation?
The doctrine of eternal generation is generally defined as the eternal act of the Father to generate the Person of the Son (Jesus). This in no way indicates that Jesus was created, but is an attempt to account for the Father/Son terms used in Scripture and the passages that speak of Jesus as "begotten of" the Father.
Because of the difficulty in making distinctions between Jesus being eternally generated from the Father (in which Jesus is considered eternal as are the Father and Spirit) and the unbiblical teaching of Jesus being created by the Father, some have objected to the doctrine of eternal generation as a biblical concept. This argument is not a recent one, but rather a historically important debate dating back to the Nicene Creed in the fourth century.
The Nicene Creed states, "I believe...in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God, begotten of the Father before all worlds; God of God, Light of Light, very God of very God; begotten, not made, being of one substance with the Father, by whom all things were made." These many distinctions seek to represent Jesus as eternal, yet in Father/Son relationship with the Father and part of the Triune Godhead. Stated in this manner, the doctrine of eternal generation is a biblical one that well represents the many ways in which Jesus is declared both the Son and eternal God.
For example, John 1:1-3 teaches, "In the In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All things were made through him, and without him was not any thing made that was made." Colossians 1:15-17 adds, "He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation. For by him all things were created, in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities—all things were created through him and for him. And he is before all things, and in him all things hold together."
In Hebrews 1:3, the author states, "He is the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of his nature, and he upholds the universe by the word of his power." In John 10:30, Jesus declared, "I and the Father are one." Unique in Person yet one as God, Father, Son, and Spirit exist as Triune God. Eternal generation seeks to represent this biblical teaching. Though perhaps limited by human understanding in the ability to communicate this concept, the doctrine of eternal generation is the orthodox understanding taught in the Nicene Creed, developed in the creeds and teachings of the Reformers, and held by Christians today.
What is the incarnation of Christ and why is the incarnation important?
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Rate this project Adam Conrad has announced that the beta build of the upcoming Ubuntu 18.10 release, code-named "Cosmic Cuttlefish", is now ready for testing; this includes all the participating sub-projects - Kubuntu, Lubuntu, Ubuntu Budgie, Ubuntu Kylin, Ubuntu MATE, Ubuntu Studio and Xubuntu: "The Ubuntu team is pleased to announce the final beta release of the Ubuntu 18.10 Desktop, Server and Cloud products." Here is the standard release announcement as published on the ubuntu-announce mailing list. The release notes are short on details, but they list one known issue: "Booting live images in order to install Ubuntu in VirtualBox can, for some flavours and on some versions of VirtualBox, fail to boot into the live session. The workaround for this is to enable 'nomodeset' via the initial boot menu." Download links: ubuntu-18.10-beta-desktop-amd64.iso (1,937MB, SHA256, signature, torrent, pkglist), kubuntu-18.10-beta-desktop-amd64.iso (1,856MB, SHA256, signature, torrent, release notes, pkglist), lubuntu-18.10-beta-desktop-amd64.iso (1,569MB, SHA256, signature, torrent, release announcement, pkglist), ubuntu-budgie-18.10-beta-desktop-amd64.iso (1,621MB, SHA256, signature, torrent, release notes, pkglist), ubuntukylin-18.10-beta-desktop-amd64.iso (1,757MB, SHA256, signature, torrent, release notes, pkglist), ubuntu-mate-18.10-beta-desktop-amd64.iso (2,016MB, SHA256, signature, torrent, release announcement, pkglist), ubuntustudio-18.10-beta-dvd-amd64.iso (3,012MB, SHA256, signature, torrent, release announcement, pkglist), xubuntu-18.10-beta-desktop-amd64.iso (1,450MB, SHA256, signature, torrent, pkglist).
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Today's Topic: Dear 16-year-old-me. Write a letter to yourself at age 16. What would you tell yourself? What would you make your younger self aware of?
I know that you're having problems with your joints - your knees give out when you've run up three flights of stairs at school, your neck hurts, and your hand hurts when you write for long periods of time. I know that when you complain about these things to your parents they laugh at you, call you things like "grandma" and say you're getting old before your time.
I know that you don't like going out in the sun, that ever since primary school you've got a rash when you're out in the sun. And I know about the constant stomach-aches, the nosebleeds, the headaches, the stiff neck, the not having the energy or co-ordination for school sports, all of it. I know your mother believes your a hypochondriac, and just trying to get out of school or something.
You are not crazy. You are not imagining these things. There is an explanation, and eventually you will find it. Finding the explanation will come with treatment, and many of your symptoms will finally be under control. Some will not be fully controlled. You will still have some pain, and you will still get tired. You will never quite have the life you imagine you would like - but there will be times (for years at a time) when you will be able to have something very close to it.
Remember, the strengths you have as a person, are still there no matter how miserable you are. Always count on God for strength, show love and compassion for those around you, and rely on your creativity to find ways to live life to the full whether you are sick or well.
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The Mars 2020 rover mission is part of NASA's Mars Exploration Program, a long-term effort of robotic exploration of the Red Planet. The Mars 2020 mission addresses high-priority science goals for Mars exploration, including key questions about the potential for life on Mars. The mission takes the next step by not only seeking signs of habitable conditions on Mars in the ancient past, but also searching for signs of past microbial life itself. The Mars 2020 rover introduces a drill that can collect core samples of the most promising rocks and soils and set them aside in a "cache" on the surface of Mars. A future mission could potentially return these samples to Earth. That would help scientists study the samples in laboratories with special room-sized equipment that would be too large to take to Mars. The mission also provides opportunities to gather knowledge and demonstrate technologies that address the challenges of future human expeditions to Mars. These include testing a method for producing oxygen from the Martian atmosphere, identifying other resources (such as subsurface water), improving landing techniques, and characterizing weather, dust, and other potential environmental conditions that could affect future astronauts living and working on Mars.
The mission is timed for a launch opportunity in July 2020 when Earth and Mars are in good positions relative to each other for landing on Mars. That is, it takes less power to travel to Mars at this time, compared to other times when Earth and Mars are in different positions in their orbits. To keep mission costs and risks as low as possible, the Mars 2020 design is based on NASA's successful Mars Science Laboratory mission architecture, including its Curiosity rover and proven landing system.
All relate to the potential of Mars as a place for life. The first three consider the possibility of past microbial life. Even if the rover does not discover any signs of past life, it paves the way for human life on Mars someday. The Mars 2020 rover also conducts other scientific studies related to its four objectives. For example, the rover monitors weather and dust in the Martian atmosphere. Such studies are important for understanding daily and seasonal changes on Mars, and will help future human explorers better predict Martian weather.
The mission relies on successfully demonstrated technological innovations, especially for entry, descent, and landing (EDL). Like NASA's Curiosity rover (Mars Science Laboratory mission), the Mars 2020 spacecraft uses a guided entry, descent, and landing system. The Mars 2020 mission landing system includes a parachute, descent vehicle, and an approach called a "skycrane maneuver" for lowering the rover on a tether to the surface during the final seconds prior to landing. This type of landing system provides the ability to land a very large, heavy rover on the surface of Mars in a more precise landing area than was possible before Curiosity's landing. The Mars 2020 rover adds new entry, descent, and landing (EDL) technologies, such as Terrain-Relative Navigation (TRN). Terrain-Relative Navigation allows the rover to detect and to avoid hazardous terrain by diverting around it during its descent through the Martian atmosphere. A microphone allows engineers to analyze entry, descent, and landing. It might also capture sounds of the rover at work, which would provide engineers with clues about the rover's health and operations.
The Mars 2020 rover design is largely based on the engineering design for Mars rover Curiosity. This reliance on a proven system reduces mission costs and risks. The rover's long-range mobility system allows it to travel on the surface of Mars over a distance of 3 to 12 miles (5 to 20 kilometers). The rover has a new, more capable wheel design, among other improvements. For the first time, the rover carries a drill for coring samples from Martian rocks and soil. It gathers and stores the cores in tubes on the Martian surface, using a strategy called "depot caching." Caching demonstrates a new rover capability of gathering, storing, and preserving samples. It could potentially pave the way for future missions that could collect the samples and return them to Earth for intensive laboratory analysis.
The Mars 2020 rover helps prepare for future human exploration of Mars with a technology for extracting oxygen from the Martian atmosphere, which is 96 percent carbon dioxide. This demonstration of new technology helps mission planners test ways of using Mars' natural resources to support human explorers and improve designs for life support, transportation, and other important systems for living and working on Mars.
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If Chavez was serious about the "revolutionary change", he would have devised a plan to "dismantle the petro state".
Even if Hugo Chavez survives a serious bout of cancer or his preferred successor Nicolas Maduro comes to power, the possibility of promoting truly revolutionary change in Venezuela is now dimming. Indeed, from the very outset of his populist rule Chavez has pursued a very heterodox political revolution, if one can even call it that. While at times the government has allowed for so-called "participatory democracy", such measures have more often than not been cancelled out by centralising tendencies at the top and the perils of charismatic leadership.
If Chavez or Foreign Minister Maduro were serious about carrying out authentic revolutionary change, they would have devised a drastic plan to dismantle the petro state with its bloated patronage networks and bureaucracy and handover true power to the people. Unfortunately, Chavez has only gone so far with his "Bolivarian Revolution", choosing instead to limit the scope of reform lest he lose coveted political control.
To be sure, during the last presidential election Chavez campaigned on a platform of socialist change. To his credit, the firebrand Venezuelan leader allowed for public debate on his 2013-2019 Plan, which, in the words of the President, is designed to "make the revolution irreversible". Under the programme, Venezuela will ostensibly undertake profound and systemic change intended to replace the trappings of bourgeois democracy with the communal state.
On the surface at least, the plan sounds progressive as it will transfer a great degree of power and resources from state governors and mayors to so-called communes or communal councils.
Communal councils: A true devolution of power?
Chavez authorities' experimentation with the communal councils dates back to 2006, when the government empowered communities to oversee their own local neighbourhood affairs and economic development. Councils handle everything from gas and water distribution to road paving projects to the construction of local drainage systems and sports fields. Over the years, communal councils have steadily grown in number and today there are more than 40,000 stretching all across Venezuela. Moreover, in the next four years, Chavez authorities plan to organise an additional 8 million people within some 20,000 new communes.
Communal councils have empowered the marginalised and women and allowed people to circumvent oftentimes corrupt municipal governments. On the other hand, one must consider that communes are in turn directed and funded by the Chavez authorities so the new system could easily wind up replicating age old clientelistic networks and cronyism, only this time without the usual middlemen. Moreover, it's by no means clear that the councils will be less corrupt over the long-term than other forms of local government, and indeed some communes have been plagued by mismanagement.
Leftist Z Magazine no less has documented other problems, including charges that the "government is exploiting volunteer labour, ignoring political disagreements, promoting local democracy at the expense of broader interests and consolidating central control". Speaking to Z Magazine, one anti-Chavez bureaucrat mocked the authorities, noting that the government conducted so-called "pinata parties" or "spectacular public events" in which officials doled out money. "These high profile events attract media attention and generate public interest," notes Z, but "also fuel some disillusionment, since skeptics associate them with clientelism and narrow self-interest."
Whatever their internal problems, however, communal councils could radically alter the fabric of Venezuelan political life. Officially, the communes are to be granted the prerogatives of budgeting, state planning and even taxation. The question, however, is whether the Chavez regime is truly committed to radical change. Apparently, Chavez has been having second thoughts: recently, the President remarked that councils will not cancel out or weaken the power of local and municipal governments. Such backtracking statements muddy the waters and cast doubt on Chavez's pledge to establish true "participatory democracy".
Are novel co-operatives the way forward?
Yet another means of challenging the hierarchical capitalist state is to encourage the growth of economic co-operatives. According to an article in the leftist journal Affinities, "Venezuela is presently home to the most vibrant co-operative movement in the world." "Instead of workers renting their labour to an owner in exchange for a wage," notes the journal, "Venezuelan workers are increasingly acquiring economic enfranchisement - a direct say in the direction and organisation of their firm, and thereby an increasing capacity to control their own lives."
Since Chavez originally came to power, the number of co-operatives in Venezuela has skyrocketed. In 1998, only about 20,000 workers laboured in the co-operative sector yet several years later that number had increased to a whopping 1.5 million. Spurred on by free business and self-management training provided by the government, co-operatives have continued to flourish and today the authorities plan to establish tens of thousands of new communal enterprises. In some cases, officials have even laboured to secure worker ownership of shuttered factories.
Perhaps more crucially, the government has also exempted co-operative businesses from taxes while subsidising the purchase of equipment and physical installations with low interest loans. What is more, Chavez authorities have transferred much needed credit to banks which are owned by the aforementioned communal councils. Thousands of community banks will in turn direct resources toward new communal enterprises. Indeed, there's been a kind of synergy between local communities and the worker movement, as the councils move to create social enterprises like neighbourhood markets, bakeries, pharmacies and even radio stations.
Despite these advances, co-operatives face many obstacles. Most glaringly, there's been a decent amount of fraud within the co-op movement. Indeed, some groups have registered as "phantom" co-ops and later walk off with desperately needed money. Government enforcement and oversight over such sleight of hand, meanwhile, has been a somewhat haphazard affair. Some members of Venezuela's traditional co-operative movement, which predates Chavez's initial assumption of power, argue that new co-ops may be doomed to failure as they lack key management and administrative skills.
In addition to these logistical and administrative issues, serious questions remain about Chavez's true commitment to transforming society through co-ops. "The co-operative movement in Venezuela," notes Affinities journal, "is one part of a haphazard agenda of social reform. Not haphazard in the sense of being random or irrational, but in the sense that one can clearly detect divergent, and even contradictory, tendencies within the 'Bolivarian Revolution'."
On the one hand, there are democratic socialist or even anarchist tendencies within the Chavez movement, but on the other a kind of anachronistic "top-down, state directed and authoritarian" political wing which could centralise and jeopardise the future of independent co-ops. Indeed, Affinities adds, "the degree to which Chavez envisions Venezuelan socialism as distinct from, say, Cuban socialism, remains largely unclear."
If co-operatives are to be sustainable, they must be incorporated into a larger context of economic democracy. Right now, co-ops exhibit many of the same vices as capitalist firms. For example, co-ops react to supply and demand in order to maximise profit and, over time, some firms might become richer than others.
If that is the case, then larger co-operatives might feel an incentive to lie and exploit the community, just like capitalist companies. In order for worker-owned firms to make a truly revolutionary impact, Affinities remarks, Venezuela must do its utmost to democratise the market through active state intervention; democratise workplaces through the labour movement and further democratise finance through creation of public financial services.
Whether Chavez, Maduro, or other possible Bolivarian successors have the political will to truly transform the economy is open to question. Nervous lest he offend foreign capital, Chavez has compensated capitalists for expropriations. Hardly impressed, the radical wing of the labour movement has criticised the government and charges that authorities have not moved rapidly enough when it comes to turning shuttered factories over to worker control.
Andres Ruggeri, an anthropologist at the University of Buenos Aires and an expert on worker-owned factories in Latin America, is somewhat skeptical about changes afoot in Venezuela. In an e-mail, he remarked that "the workers are hoping for more from the state… which tends to have a managerial vision."
Another article appearing on the progressive blog DailyKos echoes such sentiments. The website notes that one of the key challenges facing co-ops "is the resistance of the capitalist sector in Venezuela which still controls much of the state and local government apparatus. In spite of the legal support for co-operatives at the national level, bureaucratic state and local authorities can hold up various licences that co-operatives need to survive and grow, sometimes due to political differences with the Bolivarian government, sometimes as part of a residual culture which will not provide the required licence unless a bribe (unaffordable to the poorest co-ops) is offered."
When it comes to foreign policy and promoting revolutionary ideas at the international level, Chavez is similarly muddled. Given that Venezuela is one of the most forward-looking countries on co-operatives, one might expect the authorities to tout their accomplishments in this regard. According to recent surveys, co-ops are growing faster than standard capitalist firms all across the world, and the renewed interest has even given rise to international summits. Last year, Venezuela pushed for increased funding for co-ops within South American trade bloc Mercosur.
Overall, however, Chavez has been oddly muted when it comes to promoting a full-throated co-op agenda, and Foreign Minister Maduro's failure to capitalise on the co-operative moment is particularly puzzling. Since 2008 and the onset of the world financial crisis, workers have been looking for alternatives to standard capitalist-owned firms. Yet Maduro has failed to articulate an innovative foreign policy, preferring instead to pursue a backward and anachronistic strategy which has discredited Venezuela in the eyes of many. Moreover, Chavez's failure to capitalise on Occupy Wall Street has constituted a tactical blunder.
In yet other respects, Chavez's most innovative foreign policy initiatives seem haphazard or fail to achieve their full potential. Take for example the concept of alternative monetary currencies. In the wake of the global financial crisis, many Greeks and Spaniards have adopted local currencies, while the English city of Bristol has launched its own Bristol Pound. By adopting local currencies, communities may complement national currencies which fail to meet people's social needs. Other alternative schemes range from local exchange trading systems to time banks.
In 2009, Chavez launched the so-called Sucre, a common currency amongst left-leaning ALBA nations of Latin America. Since its inception, the idea of the Sucre has confronted many structural challenges at the political and economic level. In theory, however, the notion of launching a common currency designed to counteract the "dictatorship" of the US dollar is a good idea. Unfortunately, however, the Sucre is just an electronic currency used by ALBA nations to carry out commercial exchanges in local currency.
More recently, Chavez has urged ALBA to transform the Sucre into a real currency, though such calls have failed to gain much traction within the bloc, let alone amongst more economically powerful countries such as Brazil. In the event that right-wing governments take over in ALBA nations, the Sucre could be placed in jeopardy or the Chavez bloc itself might even dissolve.
Now that Chavez's health has come under strain, many may wonder whether the Bolivarian "model", such as it is, will continue to resonate domestically or within the wider region. Even if Chavez should survive or a successor comes to power, however, it is by no means certain that the more revolutionary or participatory tendencies within the Chavez movement will prevail against other backward and centralising forces. If Chavez falters, we may see increasing political fissures within the Bolivarian Revolution as rival wings vie for control.
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Q: When mule carts and wheelbarrows were the means of loading ore onto ships, it generally took 7-9 days to load a ship full. True or false?
A: False. It typically took 3-4 days.
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How to Dance the Pony. The Pony is a fun 1960s dance that became popular with a song Chubby Checker recorded called "Pony Time." It was done as a couples dance, but the duet never touched doing the dance steps.
Stand like you normally would facing your partner.
Jump to the right, landing on your right foot with your left foot suspended above the floor, next to your right ankle.
Put your left foot down on the toes only. Lifting your right foot off the floor to ankle height.
Step back down with your right foot and again lift your left foot to ankle height above the floor.
Jump to your left and put your left foot down while bringing your right foot above the ground to ankle height.
Put your right foot down on the toes only, lifting your left foot until it is ankle height above the floor.
Step back down with your left foot and again lift your right to ankle height above the floor.
Move your arms up when you are "ponying" right, and down when "ponying" to the left.
Repeat for the entire dance song.
This is a fast-paced dance. If you do not have the stamina it can wear you out. Counts for the right foot are 1. For the left foot, 3 and 4.
You can move around the dance floor, but this is not line dancing. Don't swing your arms above your head. Swing them close to your body in rapid succession.
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Lotus Elise beats Bentley Bentayga and other popular cars!
Do you know which sport car has been crowned as first on the list of 50 best cars to drive? It's the British-built lightweight Lotus Elise.
Do you know which sport car has been crowned as first on the list of 50 best cars to drive? It's the British-built lightweight Lotus Elise. In a list of 50 vehicles chosen by experts and judges this model has beaten up all the popular and super-expensive cars. It's funny considering it costs around £29,900 and £49,950 and is able to accelerate to 60mph in only 4.2-6 seconds, depending on the model. This vehicle can be literally called as one of the best in the world and the best in the UK. Considering it was voted by tens of thousands of motorists Lotus Elise for sure clinched one of the top awards in the Autocar Awards.
The Lotus Elise is a two-seat, rear-wheel drive, mid engined roadster conceived in early 1994, and released in September 1996 by the British manufacturer Lotus Cars. The design suggests Toyota Influence, rather than something from the land of steak-and-kidney pieand. The car has a 2.0-liter DOHC 16-valve four-cylinder engine riding behind the cabin. A six-speed manual is standard, but also it has an optional gearbox with a seven-speed dual-clutch automated manual.The roadster is capable of speeds up to 240km/h (150 mph).
Other six cars like: Bentley Bentayga, BMW M2, Ford Focus RS, Jaguar XE, Vauxhall Astra and the Volvo XC90 were also honored as amazing and game-changing.
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An Internet meme is an activity, concept, catchphrase or piece of media which spreads, often as mimicry or for humorous purposes, from person to person via the Internet. An Internet meme may also take the form of an image (typically an image macro), hyperlink, video, website, or hashtag. It may be just a word or phrase, sometimes including an intentional misspelling. These small movements tend to spread from person to person via social networks, blogs, direct email, or news sources. They may relate to various existing Internet cultures or subcultures, often created or spread on various websites, or by Usenet boards and other such early-internet communications facilities. Fads and sensations tend to grow rapidly on the Internet, because the instant communication facilitates word-of-mouth transmission. Some examples include posting a photo of people lying down in public places (called "planking") and uploading a short video of people dancing to the Harlem Shake.
The word meme was coined by Richard Dawkins in his 1976 book The Selfish Gene, as an attempt to explain the way cultural information spreads; Internet memes are a subset of this general meme concept specific to the culture and environment of the Internet. The concept of the Internet meme was first proposed by Mike Godwin in the June 1993 issue of Wired. In 2013 Dawkins characterized an Internet meme as being a meme deliberately altered by human creativity—distinguished from biological genes and Dawkins' pre-Internet concept of a meme which involved mutation by random change and spreading through accurate replication as in Darwinian selection. Dawkins explained that Internet memes are thus a "hijacking of the original idea", the very idea of a meme having mutated and evolved in this new direction. Further, Internet memes carry an additional property that ordinary memes do not—Internet memes leave a footprint in the media through which they propagate (for example, social networks) that renders them traceable and analyzable.
Image macros are often confused with internet memes and are often miscited as such, usually by their creators. However, there is a key distinction between the two. Primarily this distinction lies within the subject's recognizability in internet pop-culture. While such an image may display an existing meme, or in fact a macro itself may even eventually become a meme, it does not qualify as one until it reaches approximately the same level of mass recognition as required for a person to be considered a celebrity.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Internet meme" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on original research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
This page was last modified 15:24, 10 October 2017.
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Were Pul and Tilgathpilneser different Assyrian kings in 1 Chronicles 5:26?
Modern translations convey that Pul and Tilgathpilneser (or Tiglath-pileser) were the same person, namely Tiglath-Pileser III king of Assyria. From a plain reading of the Bible, however, Pul was the king of Assyria during Menahem's reign over Israel (2 Kings 15:17-19) and Tilgathpilneser was the king of Assyria during Pekah's reign over Israel (2 Kings 15:27-29). The context of 2 Kings 15 does not provide anything to suggest that the shift from Pul to Tilgathpilneser was a mere name-change. These separate individuals appear to have been consecutive kings or co-regents during the narrative of 1 Chronicles 5:26. It follows then that the biblical Pul was Ashur-nirari V and only the biblical Tilgathpilneser was Tiglath-Pileser III. Little is known by secular historians concerning when Ashur-nirari V completely withdrew from directing the affairs of the Assyrian government. There is no reason to question the plain reading of the text and the KJV translation.
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Escola de Atenas de Rafael, Museu do Vaticano.Platão ao centro, veste vermelha, discute com Aristóteles.
Platão ( 428/427 - 348/347 A. C.).
Sócrates parte de um hieroglifo egípcio (que a semelhança do Latim nos dias de hoje era uma língua escrita e não falada, exceto por poucos sarcedotes que mantinham em segredo os conhecimentos da medicina). Um Deus egipcio Theutis oferece ao rei Deus Tamus vários conhecimentos para seu uso. Porém quando oferta escrita, Thamus recusa, pois considera que não é um meio de aprimorar a memória, ao contrário.
SÓCRATES - Ouvi dizer que havia perto de Naucratis no Egito um daqueles velhos deuses no país a quem os Egípcios consagravam uma ave chamada Íbis; esse demônio tinha o nome de Theuth; foi ele quem inventou a numeração e o cálculo, a geometria e a astronomia, o gamão, e também a escrita. Tamuz, reinava sobre toda a região, na cidade do alto Egito que os gregos chamam de Tebas egípcia, como eles chamavam Amon, o Rei-Deus Tamuz.
Theuth vindo a encontrar o rei; exibiu-lhe suas artes dizendo ser conveniente ensiná-la aos restantes Egípcios. O rei indagou qual seria a utilidade de cada uma delas; o deus as explicou e o rei ora as criticava, ora as elogiava, segundo pareciam bem ou mal realizadas. Diz-se que Tamuz fez a Theuth numerosos reparos, a respeito de cada uma dessas artes, num e noutro sentido.
O rei respondeu-lhe: 'Ó brilhante Theuth! o pai ou inventor de uma arte não é necessariamente o mais capaz de julgar a utilidade ou inutilidade de sua própria invenção.
Desta vez, você que é o pai das letras, como um protetor zeloso da sua própria criatura, está atribuindo a ela qualidade que ela não tem. Com sua descoberta os alunos esquecerão aquilo que aprendem porque não precisará mais usar da memória. Eles só se lembrarão dos assuntos graças à confiança em sinais estranhos, e não de dentro para fora, do fundo deles mesmos que poderão suscitar suas memórias. Você encontrou um meio, não para reter, mas para renovar a lembrança, portanto não encontraste o infalível remédio para a memória, mas para a simples recordação, ensinas aos teus discípulos não a verdade, mas a aparência da sabedoria: pois, tornados eruditos por ti, sem instrução verdadeira, acreditarão ser muito cultos, embora sejam ignorantes na maior parte das coisas, pois eles pensarão ser sábios sem o ser.
Socrates. But there is something yet to be said of propriety and impropriety of writing.
Phaedrus. No, indeed. Do you?
Socrates. I have heard a tradition of the ancients, whether true or not they only know; although if we had found the truth ourselves, do you think that we should care much about the opinions of men?
Phaedrus. Your question needs no answer; but I wish that you would tell me what you say that you have heard.
"This, said Theuth, will make the Egyptians wiser and give them better memories; it is a specific both for the memory and for the wit. Thamus replied: O most ingenious Theuth, the parent or inventor of an art is not always the best judge of the utility or inutility of his own inventions to the users of them. And in this instance, you who are the father of letters, from a paternal love of your own children have been led to attribute to them a quality which they cannot have; for this discovery of yours will create forgetfulness in the learners' souls, because they will not use their memories; they will trust to the external written characters and not remember of themselves. The specific which you have discovered is an aid not to memory, but to reminiscence, and you give your disciples not truth, but only the semblance of truth; they will be hearers of many things and will have learned nothing; they will appear to be omniscient and will generally know nothing; they will be tiresome company, having the show of wisdom without the reality. "
Phaedrus. Yes, Socrates, you can easily invent tales of Egypt, or of any other country.
Socrates. There was a tradition in the temple of Dodona that oaks first gave prophetic utterances. The men of old, unlike in their simplicity to young philosophy, deemed that if they heard the truth even from "oak or rock," it was enough for them; whereas you seem to consider not whether a thing is or is not true, but who the speaker is and from what country the tale comes.
Phaedrus. I acknowledge the justice of your rebuke; and I think that the Theban is right in his view about letters.
Socrates. He would be a very simple person, and quite a stranger to the oracles of Thamus or Ammon, who should leave in writing or receive in writing any art under the idea that the written word would be intelligible or certain; or who deemed that writing was at all better than knowledge and recollection of the same matters?
Phaedrus. That is most true.
Socrates. I cannot help feeling, Phaedrus, that writing is unfortunately like painting; for the creations of the painter have the attitude of life, and yet if you ask them a question they preserve a solemn silence. And the same may be said of speeches. You would imagine that they had intelligence, but if you want to know anything and put a question to one of them, the speaker always gives one unvarying answer. And when they have been once written down they are tumbled about anywhere among those who may or may not understand them, and know not to whom they should reply, to whom not: and, if they are maltreated or abused, they have no parent to protect them; and they cannot protect or defend themselves.
Socrates. Is there not another kind of word or speech far better than this, and having far greater power -- a son of the same family, but lawfully begotten?
Phaedrus. Whom do you mean, and what is his origin?
Socrates. I mean an intelligent word graven in the soul of the learner, which can defend itself, and knows when to speak and when to be silent.
Phaedrus. You mean the living word of knowledge which has a soul, and of which the written word is properly no more than an image?
Socrates. Yes, of course that is what I mean. And now may I be allowed to ask you a question: Would a husbandman, who is a man of sense, take the seeds, which he values and which he wishes to bear fruit, and in sober seriousness plant them during the heat of summer, in some garden of Adonis, that he may rejoice when he sees them in eight days appearing in beauty? At least he would do so, if at all, only for the sake of amusement and pastime. But when he is in earnest he sows in fitting soil, and practices husbandry, and is satisfied if in eight months the seeds which he has sown arrive at perfection?
Phaedrus. Yes, Socrates, that will be his way when he is in earnest; he will do the other, as you say, only in play.
Socrates. And can we suppose that he who knows the just and good and honourable has less understanding, than the husbandman, about his own seeds?Phaedrus. Certainly not.
Socrates. Then he will not seriously incline to "write" his thoughts "in water" with pen and ink, sowing words which can neither speak for themselves nor teach the truth adequately to others?
Phaedrus. No, that is not likely.
Socrates. No, that is not likely -- in the garden of letters he will sow and plant, but only for the sake of recreation and amusement; he will write them down as memorials to be treasured against the forgetfulness of old age, by himself, or by any other old man who is treading the same path. He will rejoice in beholding their tender growth; and while others are refreshing their souls with banqueting and the like, this will be the pastime in which his days are spent.
Phaedrus. A pastime, Socrates, as noble as the other is ignoble, the pastime of a man who can be amused by serious talk, and can discourse merrily about justice and the like.
Socrates. True, Phaedrus. But nobler far is the serious pursuit of the dialectician, who, finding a congenial soul, by the help of science sows and plants therein words which are able to help themselves and him who planted them, and are not unfruitful, but have in them a seed which others brought up in different soils render immortal, making the possessors of it happy to the utmost extent of human happiness.
"Portanto Glauco, como eu disse, voce encontrará quem defenda Homero dizendo que ele é o educator dos gregos, que pode ser útil à educação e no ordenamento das coisas dos homens, e voce também poderá regular toda a sua vida de acordo com os seus ensinamentos. Reconheço que Homero é o maior poeta e o primeiro a escrever as tragédias, porém permaneço firme em minha convicção que os hinos aos Deuses e os ensaios de elogio aos grandes homens é a única poesia que deveria ser admitida em nossa República. Pois se irmos além disto a canto doce das musas entrarão, quer nos versos épicos como nos líricos, e impedirá a difusão das leis e da razão entre os homens".
Of he many excellences which I perceive in the order of our State, there is none which upon reflection pleases me better than the rule about poetry.
Speaking in confidence, for I should not like to have my words repeated to the tragedians and the rest of the imitative tribe --but I do not mind saying to you, that all poetical imitations are ruinous to the understanding of the hearers, and that the knowledge of their true nature is the only antidote to them.
Then, I said, we must put a question to Homer; not about medicine, or any of the arts to which his poems only incidentally refer: we are not going to ask him, or any other poet, whether he has cured patients like Asclepius, or left behind him a school of medicine such as the Asclepiads were, or whether he only talks about medicine and other arts at second hand; but we have a right to know respecting military tactics, politics, education, which are the chiefest and noblest subjects of his poems, and we may fairly ask him about them. 'Friend Homer,' then we say to him, 'if you are only in the second remove from truth in what you say of virtue, and not in the third --not an image maker or imitator --and if you are able to discern what pursuits make men better or worse in private or public life, tell us what State was ever better governed by your help? The good order of Lacedaemon is due to Lycurgus, and many other cities great and small have been similarly benefited by others; but who says that you have been a good legislator to them and have done them any good? Italy and Sicily boast of Charondas, and there is Solon who is renowned among us; but what city has anything to say about you?' Is there any city which he might name?
Well, but is there any war on record which was carried on successfully by him, or aided by his counsels, when he was alive?
But, if Homer never did any public service, was he privately a guide or teacher of any? Had he in his lifetime friends who loved to associate with him, and who handed down to posterity an Homeric way of life, such as was established by Pythagoras who was so greatly beloved for his wisdom, and whose followers are to this day quite celebrated for the order which was named after him?
Nothing of the kind is recorded of him. For surely, Socrates, Creophylus, the companion of Homer, that child of flesh, whose name always makes us laugh, might be more justly ridiculed for his stupidity, if, as is said, Homer was greatly neglected by him and others in his own day when he was alive?
Yes, I replied, that is the tradition. But can you imagine, Glaucon, that if Homer had really been able to educate and improve mankind --if he had possessed knowledge and not been a mere imitator --can you imagine, I say, that he would not have had many followers, and been honoured and loved by them? Protagoras of Abdera, and Prodicus of Ceos, and a host of others, have only to whisper to their contemporaries: 'You will never be able to manage either your own house or your own State until you appoint us to be your ministers of education' --and this ingenious device of theirs has such an effect in making them love them that their companions all but carry them about on their shoulders. And is it conceivable that the contemporaries of Homer, or again of Hesiod, would have allowed either of them to go about as rhapsodists, if they had really been able to make mankind virtuous? Would they not have been as unwilling to part with them as with gold, and have compelled them to stay at home with them? Or, if the master would not stay, then the disciples would have followed him about everywhere, until they had got education enough?
Then must we not infer that all these poetical individuals, beginning with Homer, are only imitators; they copy images of virtue and the like, but the truth they never reach? The poet is like a painter who, as we have already observed, will make a likeness of a cobbler though he understands nothing of cobbling; and his picture is good enough for those who know no more than he does, and judge only by colours and figures.
In like manner the poet with his words and phrases may be said to lay on the colours of the several arts, himself understanding their nature only enough to imitate them; and other people, who are as ignorant as he is, and judge only from his words, imagine that if he speaks of cobbling, or of military tactics, or of anything else, in metre and harmony and rhythm, he speaks very well --such is the sweet influence which melody and rhythm by nature have. And I think that you must have observed again and again what a poor appearance the tales of poets make when stripped of the colours which music puts upon them, and recited in simple prose.
But does the painter know the right form of the bit and reins? Nay, hardly even the workers in brass and leather who make them; only the horseman who knows how to use them --he knows their right form.
And the arts of measuring and numbering and weighing come to the rescue of the human understanding-there is the beauty of them --and the apparent greater or less, or more or heavier, no longer have the mastery over us, but give way before calculation and measure and weight?
We may state the question thus: --Imitation imitates the actions of men, whether voluntary or involuntary, on which, as they imagine, a good or bad result has ensued, and they rejoice or sorrow accordingly. Is there anything more?
But in all this variety of circumstances is the man at unity with himself --or rather, as in the instance of sight there was confusion and opposition in his opinions about the same things, so here also is there not strife and inconsistency in his life? Though I need hardly raise the question again, for I remember that all this has been already admitted; and the soul has been acknowledged by us to be full of these and ten thousand similar oppositions occurring at the same moment?
Tell me: will he be more likely to struggle and hold out against his sorrow when he is seen by his equals, or when he is alone?
And does not the latter --I mean the rebellious principle --furnish a great variety of materials for imitation? Whereas the wise and calm temperament, being always nearly equable, is not easy to imitate or to appreciate when imitated, especially at a public festival when a promiscuous crowd is assembled in a theatre. For the feeling represented is one to which they are strangers.
And now we may fairly take him and place him by the side of the painter, for he is like him in two ways: first, inasmuch as his creations have an inferior degree of truth --in this, I say, he is like him; and he is also like him in being concerned with an inferior part of the soul; and therefore we shall be right in refusing to admit him into a well-ordered State, because he awakens and nourishes and strengthens the feelings and impairs the reason. As in a city when the evil are permitted to have authority and the good are put out of the way, so in the soul of man, as we maintain, the imitative poet implants an evil constitution, for he indulges the irrational nature which has no discernment of greater and less, but thinks the same thing at one time great and at another small-he is a manufacturer of images and is very far removed from the truth.
But we have not yet brought forward the heaviest count in our accusation: --the power which poetry has of harming even the good (and there are very few who are not harmed), is surely an awful thing?
Hear and judge: The best of us, as I conceive, when we listen to a passage of Homer, or one of the tragedians, in which he represents some pitiful hero who is drawling out his sorrows in a long oration, or weeping, and smiting his breast --the best of us, you know, delight in giving way to sympathy, and are in raptures at the excellence of the poet who stirs our feelings most.
But when any sorrow of our own happens to us, then you may observe that we pride ourselves on the opposite quality --we would fain be quiet and patient; this is the manly part, and the other which delighted us in the recitation is now deemed to be the part of a woman.
Nay, I said, quite reasonable from one point of view.
If you consider, I said, that when in misfortune we feel a natural hunger and desire to relieve our sorrow by weeping and lamentation, and that this feeling which is kept under control in our own calamities is satisfied and delighted by the poets;-the better nature in each of us, not having been sufficiently trained by reason or habit, allows the sympathetic element to break loose because the sorrow is another's; and the spectator fancies that there can be no disgrace to himself in praising and pitying any one who comes telling him what a good man he is, and making a fuss about his troubles; he thinks that the pleasure is a gain, and why should he be supercilious and lose this and the poem too? Few persons ever reflect, as I should imagine, that from the evil of other men something of evil is communicated to themselves. And so the feeling of sorrow which has gathered strength at the sight of the misfortunes of others is with difficulty repressed in our own.
And does not the same hold also of the ridiculous? There are jests which you would be ashamed to make yourself, and yet on the comic stage, or indeed in private, when you hear them, you are greatly amused by them, and are not at all disgusted at their unseemliness; --the case of pity is repeated; --there is a principle in human nature which is disposed to raise a laugh, and this which you once restrained by reason, because you were afraid of being thought a buffoon, is now let out again; and having stimulated the risible faculty at the theatre, you are betrayed unconsciously to yourself into playing the comic poet at home.
And the same may be said of lust and anger and all the other affections, of desire and pain and pleasure, which are held to be inseparable from every action ---in all of them poetry feeds and waters the passions instead of drying them up; she lets them rule, although they ought to be controlled, if mankind are ever to increase in happiness and virtue.
Therefore, Glaucon, I said, whenever you meet with any of the eulogists of Homer declaring that he has been the educator of Hellas, and that he is profitable for education and for the ordering of human things, and that you should take him up again and again and get to know him and regulate your whole life according to him, we may love and honour those who say these things --they are excellent people, as far as their lights extend; and we are ready to acknowledge that Homer is the greatest of poets and first of tragedy writers; but we must remain firm in our conviction that hymns to the gods and praises of famous men are the only poetry which ought to be admitted into our State. For if you go beyond this and allow the honeyed muse to enter, either in epic or lyric verse, not law and the reason of mankind, which by common consent have ever been deemed best, but pleasure and pain will be the rulers in our State.
"And now since we have reverted to the subject of poetry, let this our defence serve to show the reasonableness of our former judgment in sending away out of our State an art having the tendencies which we have described; for reason constrained us. But that she may impute to us any harshness or want of politeness, let us tell her that there is an ancient quarrel between philosophy and poetry; of which there are many proofs, such as the saying of 'the yelping hound howling at her lord,' or of one 'mighty in the vain talk of fools,' and 'the mob of sages circumventing Zeus,' and the 'subtle thinkers who are beggars after all'; and there are innumerable other signs of ancient enmity between them. Notwithstanding this, let us assure our sweet friend and the sister arts of imitation that if she will only prove her title to exist in a well-ordered State we shall be delighted to receive her --we are very conscious of her charms; but we may not on that account betray the truth. I dare say, Glaucon, that you are as much charmed by her as I am, especially when she appears in Homer? "
Shall I propose, then, that she be allowed to return from exile, but upon this condition only --that she make a defence of herself in lyrical or some other metre?
And we may further grant to those of her defenders who are lovers of poetry and yet not poets the permission to speak in prose on her behalf: let them show not only that she is pleasant but also useful to States and to human life, and we will listen in a kindly spirit; for if this can be proved we shall surely be the gainers --I mean, if there is a use in poetry as well as a delight?
If her defence fails, then, my dear friend, like other persons who are enamoured of something, but put a restraint upon themselves when they think their desires are opposed to their interests, so too must we after the manner of lovers give her up, though not without a struggle. We too are inspired by that love of poetry which the education of noble States has implanted in us, and therefore we would have her appear at her best and truest; but so long as she is unable to make good her defence, this argument of ours shall be a charm to us, which we will repeat to ourselves while we listen to her strains; that we may not fall away into the childish love of her which captivates the many. At all events we are well aware that poetry being such as we have described is not to be regarded seriously as attaining to the truth; and he who listens to her, fearing for the safety of the city which is within him, should be on his guard against her seductions and make our words his law.
Why, I said, what was ever great in a short time? The whole period of threescore years and ten is surely but a little thing in comparison with eternity?
Yes, I said, I ought to be, and you too --there is no difficulty in proving it.
I see a great difficulty; but I should like to hear you state this argument of which you make so light.
There is a thing which you call good and another which you call evil?
Would you agree with me in thinking that the corrupting and destroying element is the evil, and the saving and improving element the good?
Well, I said, and is there no evil which corrupts the soul?
Yes, he said, there are all the evils which we were just now passing in review: unrighteousness, intemperance, cowardice, ignorance.
But does any of these dissolve or destroy her? --and here do not let us fall into the error of supposing that the unjust and foolish man, when he is detected, perishes through his own injustice, which is an evil of the soul. Take the analogy of the body: The evil of the body is a disease which wastes and reduces and annihilates the body; and all the things of which we were just now speaking come to annihilation through their own corruption attaching to them and inhering in them and so destroying them. Is not this true?
Consider the soul in like manner. Does the injustice or other evil which exists in the soul waste and consume her? Do they by attaching to the soul and inhering in her at last bring her to death, and so separate her from the body ?
Consider, I said, Glaucon, that even the badness of food, whether staleness, decomposition, or any other bad quality, when confined to the actual food, is not supposed to destroy the body; although, if the badness of food communicates corruption to the body, then we should say that the body has been destroyed by a corruption of itself, which is disease, brought on by this; but that the body, being one thing, can be destroyed by the badness of food, which is another, and which does not engender any natural infection --this we shall absolutely deny?
And, on the same principle, unless some bodily evil can produce an evil of the soul, we must not suppose that the soul, which is one thing, can be dissolved by any merely external evil which belongs to another?
Yes, he said, there is reason in that.
Either then, let us refute this conclusion, or, while it remains unrefuted, let us never say that fever, or any other disease, or the knife put to the throat, or even the cutting up of the whole body into the minutest pieces, can destroy the soul, until she herself is proved to become more unholy or unrighteous in consequence of these things being done to the body; but that the soul, or anything else if not destroyed by an internal evil, can be destroyed by an external one, is not to. be affirmed by any man.
And surely, he replied, no one will ever prove that the souls of men become more unjust in consequence of death.
Nay, he said, in that case injustice, if fatal to the unjust, will not be so very terrible to him, for he will be delivered from evil. But I rather suspect the opposite to be the truth, and that injustice which, if it have the power, will murder others, keeps the murderer alive --aye, and well awake too; so far removed is her dwelling-place from being a house of death.
Yes, that can hardly be.
That is the conclusion, I said; and, if a true conclusion, then the souls must always be the same, for if none be destroyed they will not diminish in number. Neither will they increase, for the increase of the immortal natures must come from something mortal, and all things would thus end in immortality.
But this we cannot believe --reason will not allow us --any more than we can believe the soul, in her truest nature, to be full of variety and difference and dissimilarity.
Her immortality is demonstrated by the previous argument, and there are many other proofs; but to see her as she really is, not as we now behold her, marred by communion with the body and other miseries, you must contemplate her with the eye of reason, in her original purity; and then her beauty will be revealed, and justice and injustice and all the things which we have described will be manifested more clearly. Thus far, we have spoken the truth concerning her as she appears at present, but we must remember also that we have seen her only in a condition which may be compared to that of the sea-god Glaucus, whose original image can hardly be discerned because his natural members are broken off and crushed and damaged by the waves in all sorts of ways, and incrustations have grown over them of seaweed and shells and stones, so that he is more like some monster than he is to his own natural form. And the soul which we behold is in a similar condition, disfigured by ten thousand ills. But not there, Glaucon, not there must we look.
At her love of wisdom. Let us see whom she affects, and what society and converse she seeks in virtue of her near kindred with the immortal and eternal and divine; also how different she would become if wholly following this superior principle, and borne by a divine impulse out of the ocean in which she now is, and disengaged from the stones and shells and things of earth and rock which in wild variety spring up around her because she feeds upon earth, and is overgrown by the good things of this life as they are termed: then you would see her as she is, and know whether she has one shape only or many, or what her nature is. Of her affections and of the forms which she takes in this present life I think that we have now said enough.
And thus, I said, we have fulfilled the conditions of the argument; we have not introduced the rewards and glories of justice, which, as you were saying, are to be found in Homer and Hesiod; but justice in her own nature has been shown to be best for the soul in her own nature. Let a man do what is just, whether he have the ring of Gyges or not, and even if in addition to the ring of Gyges he put on the helmet of Hades.
And now, Glaucon, there will be no harm in further enumerating how many and how great are the rewards which justice and the other virtues procure to the soul from gods and men, both in life and after death.
Will you repay me, then, what you borrowed in the argument?
The assumption that the just man should appear unjust and the unjust just: for you were of opinion that even if the true state of the case could not possibly escape the eyes of gods and men, still this admission ought to be made for the sake of the argument, in order that pure justice might be weighed against pure injustice. Do you remember?
I should be much to blame if I had forgotten.
Then, as the cause is decided, I demand on behalf of justice that the estimation in which she is held by gods and men and which we acknowledge to be her due should now be restored to her by us; since she has been shown to confer reality, and not to deceive those who truly possess her, let what has been taken from her be given back, that so she may win that palm of appearance which is hers also, and which she gives to her own.
The demand, he said, is just.
In the first place, I said --and this is the first thing which you will have to give back --the nature both of the just and unjust is truly known to the gods.
And if they are both known to them, one must be the friend and the other the enemy of the gods, as we admitted from the beginning?
And the friend of the gods may be supposed to receive from them all things at their best, excepting only such evil as is the necessary consequence of former sins?
Then this must be our notion of the just man, that even when he is in poverty or sickness, or any other seeming misfortune, all things will in the end work together for good to him in life and death: for the gods have a care of any one whose desire is to become just and to be like God, as far as man can attain the divine likeness, by the pursuit of virtue?
Yes, he said; if he is like God he will surely not be neglected by him.
And of the unjust may not the opposite be supposed?
Such, then, are the palms of victory which the gods give the just?
And what do they receive of men? Look at things as they really are, and you will see that the clever unjust are in the case of runners, who run well from the starting-place to the goal but not back again from the goal: they go off at a great pace, but in the end only look foolish, slinking away with their ears draggling on their shoulders, and without a crown; but the true runner comes to the finish and receives the prize and is crowned. And this is the way with the just; he who endures to the end of every action and occasion of his entire life has a good report and carries off the prize which men have to bestow.
True. And now you must allow me to repeat of the just the blessings which you were attributing to the fortunate unjust. I shall say of them, what you were saying of the others, that as they grow older, they become rulers in their own city if they care to be; they marry whom they like and give in marriage to whom they will; all that you said of the others I now say of these. And, on the other hand, of the unjust I say that the greater number, even though they escape in their youth, are found out at last and look foolish at the end of their course, and when they come to be old and miserable are flouted alike by stranger and citizen; they are beaten and then come those things unfit for ears polite, as you truly term them; they will be racked and have their eyes burned out, as you were saying. And you may suppose that I have repeated the remainder of your tale of horrors. But will you let me assume, without reciting them, that these things are true?
Certainly, he said, what you say is true.
These, then, are the prizes and rewards and gifts which are bestowed upon the just by gods and men in this present life, in addition to the other good things which justice of herself provides.
Yes, he said; and they are fair and lasting.
And yet, I said, all these are as nothing, either in number or greatness in comparison with those other recompenses which await both just and unjust after death. And you ought to hear them, and then both just and unjust will have received from us a full payment of the debt which the argument owes to them.
Speak, he said; there are few things which I would more gladly hear.
Well, I said, I will tell you a tale; not one of the tales which Odysseus tells to the hero Alcinous, yet this too is a tale of a hero, Er the son of Armenius, a Pamphylian by birth. He was slain in battle, and ten days afterwards, when the bodies of the dead were taken up already in a state of corruption, his body was found unaffected by decay, and carried away home to be buried. And on the twelfth day, as he was lying on the funeral pile, he returned to life and told them what he had seen in the other world. He said that when his soul left the body he went on a journey with a great company, and that they came to a mysterious place at which there were two openings in the earth; they were near together, and over against them were two other openings in the heaven above. In the intermediate space there were judges seated, who commanded the just, after they had given judgment on them and had bound their sentences in front of them, to ascend by the heavenly way on the right hand; and in like manner the unjust were bidden by them to descend by the lower way on the left hand; these also bore the symbols of their deeds, but fastened on their backs. He drew near, and they told him that he was to be the messenger who would carry the report of the other world to men, and they bade him hear and see all that was to be heard and seen in that place. Then he beheld and saw on one side the souls departing at either opening of heaven and earth when sentence had been given on them; and at the two other openings other souls, some ascending out of the earth dusty and worn with travel, some descending out of heaven clean and bright. And arriving ever and anon they seemed to have come from a long journey, and they went forth with gladness into the meadow, where they encamped as at a festival; and those who knew one another embraced and conversed, the souls which came from earth curiously enquiring about the things above, and the souls which came from heaven about the things beneath. And they told one another of what had happened by the way, those from below weeping and sorrowing at the remembrance of the things which they had endured and seen in their journey beneath the earth (now the journey lasted a thousand years), while those from above were describing heavenly delights and visions of inconceivable beauty. The Story, Glaucon, would take too long to tell; but the sum was this: --He said that for every wrong which they had done to any one they suffered tenfold; or once in a hundred years --such being reckoned to be the length of man's life, and the penalty being thus paid ten times in a thousand years. If, for example, there were any who had been the cause of many deaths, or had betrayed or enslaved cities or armies, or been guilty of any other evil behaviour, for each and all of their offences they received punishment ten times over, and the rewards of beneficence and justice and holiness were in the same proportion. I need hardly repeat what he said concerning young children dying almost as soon as they were born. Of piety and impiety to gods and parents, and of murderers, there were retributions other and greater far which he described. He mentioned that he was present when one of the spirits asked another, 'Where is Ardiaeus the Great?' (Now this Ardiaeus lived a thousand years before the time of Er: he had been the tyrant of some city of Pamphylia, and had murdered his aged father and his elder brother, and was said to have committed many other abominable crimes.) The answer of the other spirit was: 'He comes not hither and will never come. And this,' said he, 'was one of the dreadful sights which we ourselves witnessed. We were at the mouth of the cavern, and, having completed all our experiences, were about to reascend, when of a sudden Ardiaeus appeared and several others, most of whom were tyrants; and there were also besides the tyrants private individuals who had been great criminals: they were just, as they fancied, about to return into the upper world, but the mouth, instead of admitting them, gave a roar, whenever any of these incurable sinners or some one who had not been sufficiently punished tried to ascend; and then wild men of fiery aspect, who were standing by and heard the sound, seized and carried them off; and Ardiaeus and others they bound head and foot and hand, and threw them down and flayed them with scourges, and dragged them along the road at the side, carding them on thorns like wool, and declaring to the passers-by what were their crimes, and that they were being taken away to be cast into hell.' And of all the many terrors which they had endured, he said that there was none like the terror which each of them felt at that moment, lest they should hear the voice; and when there was silence, one by one they ascended with exceeding joy. These, said Er, were the penalties and retributions, and there were blessings as great.
Now when the spirits which were in the meadow had tarried seven days, on the eighth they were obliged to proceed on their journey, and, on the fourth day after, he said that they came to a place where they could see from above a line of light, straight as a column, extending right through the whole heaven and through the earth, in colour resembling the rainbow, only brighter and purer; another day's journey brought them to the place, and there, in the midst of the light, they saw the ends of the chains of heaven let down from above: for this light is the belt of heaven, and holds together the circle of the universe, like the under-girders of a trireme. From these ends is extended the spindle of Necessity, on which all the revolutions turn. The shaft and hook of this spindle are made of steel, and the whorl is made partly of steel and also partly of other materials. Now the whorl is in form like the whorl used on earth; and the description of it implied that there is one large hollow whorl which is quite scooped out, and into this is fitted another lesser one, and another, and another, and four others, making eight in all, like vessels which fit into one another; the whorls show their edges on the upper side, and on their lower side all together form one continuous whorl. This is pierced by the spindle, which is driven home through the centre of the eighth. The first and outermost whorl has the rim broadest, and the seven inner whorls are narrower, in the following proportions --the sixth is next to the first in size, the fourth next to the sixth; then comes the eighth; the seventh is fifth, the fifth is sixth, the third is seventh, last and eighth comes the second. The largest (of fixed stars) is spangled, and the seventh (or sun) is brightest; the eighth (or moon) coloured by the reflected light of the seventh; the second and fifth (Saturn and Mercury) are in colour like one another, and yellower than the preceding; the third (Venus) has the whitest light; the fourth (Mars) is reddish; the sixth (Jupiter) is in whiteness second. Now the whole spindle has the same motion; but, as the whole revolves in one direction, the seven inner circles move slowly in the other, and of these the swiftest is the eighth; next in swiftness are the seventh, sixth, and fifth, which move together; third in swiftness appeared to move according to the law of this reversed motion the fourth; the third appeared fourth and the second fifth. The spindle turns on the knees of Necessity; and on the upper surface of each circle is a siren, who goes round with them, hymning a single tone or note. The eight together form one harmony; and round about, at equal intervals, there is another band, three in number, each sitting upon her throne: these are the Fates, daughters of Necessity, who are clothed in white robes and have chaplets upon their heads, Lachesis and Clotho and Atropos, who accompany with their voices the harmony of the sirens --Lachesis singing of the past, Clotho of the present, Atropos of the future; Clotho from time to time assisting with a touch of her right hand the revolution of the outer circle of the whorl or spindle, and Atropos with her left hand touching and guiding the inner ones, and Lachesis laying hold of either in turn, first with one hand and then with the other.
When Er and the spirits arrived, their duty was to go at once to Lachesis; but first of all there came a prophet who arranged them in order; then he took from the knees of Lachesis lots and samples of lives, and having mounted a high pulpit, spoke as follows: 'Hear the word of Lachesis, the daughter of Necessity. Mortal souls, behold a new cycle of life and mortality. Your genius will not be allotted to you, but you choose your genius; and let him who draws the first lot have the first choice, and the life which he chooses shall be his destiny. Virtue is free, and as a man honours or dishonours her he will have more or less of her; the responsibility is with the chooser --God is justified.' When the Interpreter had thus spoken he scattered lots indifferently among them all, and each of them took up the lot which fell near him, all but Er himself (he was not allowed), and each as he took his lot perceived the number which he had obtained. Then the Interpreter placed on the ground before them the samples of lives; and there were many more lives than the souls present, and they were of all sorts. There were lives of every animal and of man in every condition. And there were tyrannies among them, some lasting out the tyrant's life, others which broke off in the middle and came to an end in poverty and exile and beggary; and there were lives of famous men, some who were famous for their form and beauty as well as for their strength and success in games, or, again, for their birth and the qualities of their ancestors; and some who were the reverse of famous for the opposite qualities. And of women likewise; there was not, however, any definite character them, because the soul, when choosing a new life, must of necessity become different. But there was every other quality, and the all mingled with one another, and also with elements of wealth and poverty, and disease and health; and there were mean states also. And here, my dear Glaucon, is the supreme peril of our human state; and therefore the utmost care should be taken. Let each one of us leave every other kind of knowledge and seek and follow one thing only, if peradventure he may be able to learn and may find some one who will make him able to learn and discern between good and evil, and so to choose always and everywhere the better life as he has opportunity. He should consider the bearing of all these things which have been mentioned severally and collectively upon virtue; he should know what the effect of beauty is when combined with poverty or wealth in a particular soul, and what are the good and evil consequences of noble and humble birth, of private and public station, of strength and weakness, of cleverness and dullness, and of all the soul, and the operation of them when conjoined; he will then look at the nature of the soul, and from the consideration of all these qualities he will be able to determine which is the better and which is the worse; and so he will choose, giving the name of evil to the life which will make his soul more unjust, and good to the life which will make his soul more just; all else he will disregard. For we have seen and know that this is the best choice both in life and after death. A man must take with him into the world below an adamantine faith in truth and right, that there too he may be undazzled by the desire of wealth or the other allurements of evil, lest, coming upon tyrannies and similar villainies, he do irremediable wrongs to others and suffer yet worse himself; but let him know how to choose the mean and avoid the extremes on either side, as far as possible, not only in this life but in all that which is to come. For this is the way of happiness.
And according to the report of the messenger from the other world this was what the prophet said at the time: 'Even for the last comer, if he chooses wisely and will live diligently, there is appointed a happy and not undesirable existence. Let not him who chooses first be careless, and let not the last despair.' And when he had spoken, he who had the first choice came forward and in a moment chose the greatest tyranny; his mind having been darkened by folly and sensuality, he had not thought out the whole matter before he chose, and did not at first sight perceive that he was fated, among other evils, to devour his own children. But when he had time to reflect, and saw what was in the lot, he began to beat his breast and lament over his choice, forgetting the proclamation of the prophet; for, instead of throwing the blame of his misfortune on himself, he accused chance and the gods, and everything rather than himself. Now he was one of those who came from heaven, and in a former life had dwelt in a well-ordered State, but his virtue was a matter of habit only, and he had no philosophy. And it was true of others who were similarly overtaken, that the greater number of them came from heaven and therefore they had never been schooled by trial, whereas the pilgrims who came from earth, having themselves suffered and seen others suffer, were not in a hurry to choose. And owing to this inexperience of theirs, and also because the lot was a chance, many of the souls exchanged a good destiny for an evil or an evil for a good. For if a man had always on his arrival in this world dedicated himself from the first to sound philosophy, and had been moderately fortunate in the number of the lot, he might, as the messenger reported, be happy here, and also his journey to another life and return to this, instead of being rough and underground, would be smooth and heavenly. Most curious, he said, was the spectacle --sad and laughable and strange; for the choice of the souls was in most cases based on their experience of a previous life. There he saw the soul which had once been Orpheus choosing the life of a swan out of enmity to the race of women, hating to be born of a woman because they had been his murderers; he beheld also the soul of Thamyras choosing the life of a nightingale; birds, on the other hand, like the swan and other musicians, wanting to be men. The soul which obtained the twentieth lot chose the life of a lion, and this was the soul of Ajax the son of Telamon, who would not be a man, remembering the injustice which was done him the judgment about the arms. The next was Agamemnon, who took the life of an eagle, because, like Ajax, he hated human nature by reason of his sufferings. About the middle came the lot of Atalanta; she, seeing the great fame of an athlete, was unable to resist the temptation: and after her there followed the soul of Epeus the son of Panopeus passing into the nature of a woman cunning in the arts; and far away among the last who chose, the soul of the jester Thersites was putting on the form of a monkey. There came also the soul of Odysseus having yet to make a choice, and his lot happened to be the last of them all. Now the recollection of former tolls had disenchanted him of ambition, and he went about for a considerable time in search of the life of a private man who had no cares; he had some difficulty in finding this, which was lying about and had been neglected by everybody else; and when he saw it, he said that he would have done the had his lot been first instead of last, and that he was delighted to have it. And not only did men pass into animals, but I must also mention that there were animals tame and wild who changed into one another and into corresponding human natures --the good into the gentle and the evil into the savage, in all sorts of combinations.
All the souls had now chosen their lives, and they went in the order of their choice to Lachesis, who sent with them the genius whom they had severally chosen, to be the guardian of their lives and the fulfiller of the choice: this genius led the souls first to Clotho, and drew them within the revolution of the spindle impelled by her hand, thus ratifying the destiny of each; and then, when they were fastened to this, carried them to Atropos, who spun the threads and made them irreversible, whence without turning round they passed beneath the throne of Necessity; and when they had all passed, they marched on in a scorching heat to the plain of Forgetfulness, which was a barren waste destitute of trees and verdure; and then towards evening they encamped by the river of Unmindfulness, whose water no vessel can hold; of this they were all obliged to drink a certain quantity, and those who were not saved by wisdom drank more than was necessary; and each one as he drank forgot all things. Now after they had gone to rest, about the middle of the night there was a thunderstorm and earthquake, and then in an instant they were driven upwards in all manner of ways to their birth, like stars shooting. He himself was hindered from drinking the water. But in what manner or by what means he returned to the body he could not say; only, in the morning, awaking suddenly, he found himself lying on the pyre.
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A nome (from Greek: Νομός, “district”) was a subnational administrative division of ancient Egypt. Today's use of the Greek nome rather than the Egyptian term sepat came about during the Ptolemaic period. Fascinated with Egypt, Greeks created many historical records about the country. These were more accessible to later Western historians and influenced their adoption of terms.
The division of ancient Egypt into nomes can be traced back to the Predynastic Period (before 3100 BC). These nomes originally existed as autonomous city-states, but later began to unify. According to ancient tradition, the ruler Menes completed the final unification..
Not only did the division into nomes remain in place for more than three millennia, the areas of the individual nomes and their ordering remained remarkably stable. Some, like Xois in the Delta or Khent in Upper Egypt, were first mentioned on the Palermo stone, which was inscribed in the Fifth Dynasty. The names of a few, like the nome of Bubastis, appeared no earlier than the New Kingdom. Under the system that prevailed for most of pharaonic Egypt's history, the country was divided into 42 nomes.
Lower Egypt, from the Old Kingdom capital Memphis to the Mediterranean Sea, comprised 20 nomes. The first was based around Memphis, Saqqara, and Giza, in the area occupied by modern-day Cairo. The nomes were numbered in a more or less orderly fashion south to north through the Nile delta, first covering the territory on the west before continuing with the higher numbers to the east. Thus, Alexandria was in the Third Nome; Bubastis was in the Eighteenth.
Upper Egypt was divided into 22 nomes. The first of these was centered around Elephantine close to Egypt's border with Nubia at the First Cataract – the area of modern-day Aswan. From there the numbering progressed downriver in an orderly fashion along the narrow fertile strip of land that was the Nile valley. Waset (ancient Thebes or contemporary Luxor) was in the Fourth Nome, Amarna in the Fourteenth, and Meidum in the Twenty-first.
Some nomes were added or renamed during the Graeco-Roman occupation of Egypt. For example, the Ptolemies renamed the Crocodilopolitan nome to Arsinoe. Hadrian created a new nome, Antinoopolites, for which Antinoopolis was the capital.
At the head of each nome stood a nomarch. The position of the nomarch was at times hereditary, while at others they were appointed by the pharaoh. Generally, when the national government was stronger, nomarchs were the king's appointed governors. When the central government was weaker, however – such as during foreign invasions or civil wars – individual nomes would assert themselves and establish hereditary lines of succession. Conflicts between these different hereditary nomarchies were common during, for example, the First Intermediate Period – a time that saw a breakdown in central authority lasting from the sixth and eleventh dynasties, until one of the local rulers was once again able to assert control over the entire country as pharaoh.
The nomes survived through the Ptolemaic period, into Roman times. Under Roman rule, individual nomes minted their own coinage, the so-called "nome coins," which still reflect individual local associations and traditions. The nomes of Egypt retained their primary importance as administrative units until the fundamental rearrangement of the bureaucracy during the reigns of Diocletian and Constantine.
A nome (from Greek: Νομός, “district”) was a subnational administrative division of ancient Egypt. Today's use of the Greek nome rather than the Egyptian term sepat came about during the Ptolemaic period. Fascinated with Egypt, Greeks created many historical records about the country. These were more accessible to later Western historians and influenced their adoption of Greek terms.
A nome (from Greek: Νομός, “district”) was a administrative part of ancient Egypt.
The division of ancient Egypt into nomes happened before 3100 BC. These nomes originally existed as autonomous city-states, but later began to unify. According to ancient tradition, the ruler Menes completed the final unification..
The nomes remain in place for more than three millennia.
Lower Egypt, from the Old Kingdom capital Memphis to the Mediterranean Sea, had 20 nomes. The first was based around Memphis, Saqqara, and Giza, in the area occupied by modern-day Cairo. The nomes were numbered in a more or less orderly fashion south to north through the Nile delta. The numbering startef in the west and continued with the higher numbers in the east. Alexandria was in the Third Nome; Bubastis was in the Eighteenth.
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Netflix, the popular video-streaming service, is set to launch in India as part of its global expansion, according to industry executives.
Its entry would coincide with 4G hitting the Indian market in a big way, with about 1 in 2 phones sold in 2016 to be 4G compatible.
Cheap, pirated content in the Indian market would pose a challenge to the global streaming giant.
Netflix is the world's leading internet television network with over 69 million members across 50 countries.
Founded by Mark Rudolph and Reed Hastings in 1997 in California, it was started as a mail-order DVD rental service.
It provides on-demand video streaming as well as DVD rentals.
Netflix introduced a monthly subscription model called 'Marquee'- a single monthly rate.
The 'Marquee' rate was soon modified to offer unlimited rentals.
Later, it incorporated a feature called 'CineMatch' that gave personalized movie recommendations, based on ratings of users with similar viewing profiles.
As its DVD distribution grew to 1,00,000, Netflix phased out single DVD rentals.
In April 2003, Netflix subscribers crossed the one million mark with access to more than 14,500 DVDs. By 2015, the number of subscribers crossed 70 million.
Netflix announced video streaming services, that would allow users to watch movies as well as series in real time on the web.
The firm began offering streaming services on Xbox 360, Blu-Ray disc players, PS3 and other Internet devices.
It partnered with Apple to offer services on i-Pad and i-Phone.
It also announced plans to offer video games on its platform.
Netflix drew flak for a 60% price hike for users wanting both DVD and streaming and had to switch back to its original pricing.
In September 2011, Netflix announced splitting DVD rentals and video streaming into two separate companies.
Users, who then had to pay two different companies and maintain two separate accounts, protested and Netflix had to scrap the plan too.
Netflix premiered its first original series ' House of Cards' starring David Fincher and Kevin Spacey, which received glowing reviews.
It was the first web-only TV series to win an Emmy Award.
Nextflix's most watched series 'Orange is the New Black' premiered in 2013 and went on to bag 4 Emmy Awards.
The video streaming service released its first feature film in 2015.
Netflix began its first global expansion when it entered Canada in 2010.
It soon launched an aggressive expansion drive, starting services in the Caribbean and Latin America and later, in Europe and Australia.
In 2015, Netflix entered Asia when it launched in Japan.
Industry experts stated the firm is looking to establish its presence in 200 countries by the end of 2016.
In the second quarter of 2015, Netflix reported adding 2.4 million international users and 900,000 users in US.
India gets to 'Netflix and chill' now!
Netflix Inc. launched its India operations, rolling out plans starting from Rs.500 ($7.50) per month, as the video streaming company rushes ahead with its international expansion strategy.
Shares of the company surged 9.3% to close at $117.68 after this announcement.
The business also expanded to almost 130 countries more countries, expanding to almost the entire globe with the exception of China.
Hindustan Machine Tools ( HMT) is resuming operations at its Haldwani plant, shut since two years, to make its last batch of 5500 watches.
German officials said that were no signs of any imminent terror attack, hours after the IS suicide bomb threat put the city under high alert on New Year's eve.
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Finding a dentist in Oshawa that specializes in adult dentistry Oshawa is relatively easy. Adult dentistry is fairly commonplace, and the dental services needed by adults are often fairly routine.
Many adults only need a dentist for regular cleanings and basic dental treatments, such as fillings, root canals, and crowns. Many times, these simple treatments keep adults in good dental health, and prevent more costly problems like extractions, implants, and other issues.
There are several services that adults may need that fall into more specialized areas. For example, wisdom teeth extractions fall into this category. Extractions are best performed by an oral surgeon as this type of procedure is more involved, and often falls out of the purview of your regular adult dentist.
if you were a child of the 70s or 80s, then you are likely accustomed to dental procedures that were scary or caused anxiety. As a result, you may be apprehensive or hesitant about visiting a dentist, even if your adult life.
However, there are a number of benefits to finding the right adult dentist. It is important to find a regular adult dentist to establish a good, healthy relationship with. Adult dentists are also more inclined to give you the conservative course of action in regards to dental problems or procedures than a dentist you don’t see regularly. Your regular dentist just knows your teeth better, and that goes a long way in treatment.
But ultimately, the best dental care is on you: prevention. Taking the time to brush your teeth and floss regularly go a long way towards preventing dental problems, such as cavities, which can lead to massive issues. These issues can end up requiring a lot of time, money, pain and discomfort.
Don’t wait for a problem, find the right adult dentistry services so that you can easily take care of your teeth.
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Beijing - The new Beijing airport will increase the competition of the three state-owned airlines in China. China Eastern is now relying on a partner from the USA.
In 2019, Beijing's second international airport is set to open its doors. The new airport is expected to welcome 100 million passengers a year, according to plans, when it reaches its full capacity. The Beijing Daxing International Airport to become the new home for China Southern Airlines, whose base is currently Guangzhou, and for China Eastern, which is currently based in Shanghai. Air China will remain at the existing Beijing Capital Airport.
With this concentration in the capital, South China Morning Post expects a "murderous competition" between the three major state-owned airlines. However, China Eastern, the smallest of the three big companies, has now secured US aid: Delta Air Lines, based at the Hartsfield–Jackson, Atlanta, the world's largest airport, is to support China Eastern at the new airport with its experience.
China Eastern plans to deploy around 200 aircraft at the new base. Competitor China Southern plans 250 aircraft by 2025. The new infrastructure will give China Eastern a boost and enable it to build a larger network, said Delta's China boss Wong Hong.
said Wong Hong, Delta's China Boss. He didn't remark how the partnership should look in detail..
A partnership between the two airlines already exists: Delta holds 3.55% of China Eastern and has a seat on the Supervisory Board. In addition, both airlines have shares in Air France-KLM. However, the other two major Chinese airlines also have partners in the United States: American Airlines invested in China Southern for the 2.76% of the company in March, and Air China has a codeshare agreement with United Airlines.
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The Jacksonville Jumbo Shrimp, formerly known as the Jacksonville Suns, are a minor league baseball team based in Jacksonville, Florida. The team is a member of the Southern League and is the class Double-A affiliate of the Miami Marlins Major League Baseball (MLB) team. Two teams named the Suns have played in Jacksonville since 1962: a class Triple-A International League team from 1962–1968, and the current Double-A team from 1970 to 2016. From 1985–1990 the team was known as the Jacksonville Expos, when they were affiliated with the Montreal Expos MLB team. The team rebranded as the Jacksonville Jumbo Shrimp on November 2, 2016 and will begin the 2017 season under the new name.
The first team known as the Jacksonville Suns began play in the Triple-A International League in 1962. The team had been founded in Havana, Cuba, where they were known as the Havana Sugar Kings. Following the Cuban Revolution in 1959 the team relocated to Jersey City, New Jersey, but soon folded; the franchise was bought by the Cleveland Indians, who moved it to Jacksonville as the Jacksonville Suns in 1962. The president was local baseball fixture Sam W. Wolfson, previously the owner of the Jacksonville Braves; the Suns replaced the Jacksonville Jets Sally League club. During this period a number of later Major League stars played for the Suns, including Tommy John, Nolan Ryan, and Tom Seaver, and the team won the International League championship in 1968. Following that season the team's parent club, the New York Mets, decided to relocate the team to Virginia, where they became the team now known as the Norfolk Tides.
Baseball Grounds of Jacksonville in 2014.
Jacksonville was without baseball in 1969, but in 1970 a new Suns team began play in the Double-A Southern League. The team was affiliated with both the Montreal Expos and the Milwaukee Brewers in its inaugural season, with the Cleveland Indians in 1971, and then with the Kansas City Royals from 1972–1984. Affiliation switched back to the Expos from 1985–1990, during which period the team was known as the Jacksonville Expos. Since then it has been affiliated with the Seattle Mariners (1991–1994), the Detroit Tigers (1995–2000), the Los Angeles Dodgers (2001–2008), and most recently the Miami Marlins (2009–present). The Suns have appeared in the Southern League playoffs 15 times, and won the championship in 1996, 2001, 2005, 2009, 2010 and 2014. The 2009 and 2010 championships were only the third time in Southern League history that a championship was successfully defended, both other times by the Montgomery Biscuits. In 2014, the Suns finished the regular season on a 10-game winning streak, edging out the Mississippi Braves by one game to win the second half South Division title outright. Including the playoffs, the 2014 Suns won 16 of their final 17 games on the year en route to the franchise's sixth Southern League title. The Suns have played in the Southern League longer than any other team, and their 41-year period in Jacksonville has become the longest continuous association between any city and a class Double-A team.
The Suns played at Wolfson Park from 1962 until it was demolished in 2002. Since 2003 they have played at Baseball Grounds of Jacksonville, an 11,000 seat, $34 million field created as part of the Better Jacksonville Plan. Since moving to the Baseball Grounds the Suns have consistently led the Southern League in attendance, drawing over one million fans in their first four years. The Suns' success has led to speculation that the team may move to class Triple A in the future.
In November 2016 the Jacksonville Suns were renamed to the Jacksonville Jumbo Shrimp.
1 2 3 4 5 Pahigian, Josh (2007). The Ultimate Minor League Baseball Road Trip: A Fan's Guide to AAA, AA, A, and Independent League Stadiums. Globe Pequot. p. 201. ISBN 1-59921-024-X. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
↑ Benson, Michael (1989). Ballparks of North America. McFarland. p. 187. ISBN 0-89950-367-5.
1 2 3 "Jacksonville Baseball History". jaxsuns.com. 2010. Retrieved October 27, 2010.
↑ "Jacksonville Suns". baseball-reference.com. Retrieved October 27, 2010.
↑ Elliott, Jeff (2011). "In Defense of a Title". 2011 Jacksonville Suns Official Souvenir Program (1st Edition). Brut Printing.
↑ Frenette, Gene (2016-11-01). "Jacksonville Suns changing name to Jumbo Shrimp". Florida Times-Union. Retrieved 2016-11-23.
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If you had to sum up the community of trail running in one word, it would probably be Lisa. Lisa is the founder of the Wild Women running group in Nanaimo BC. Her and her mom started racing when Lisa was 20 years old as a way to meet people after a move. Lisa was the youngest in the group but never let age or speed deter her from enjoying the group. Her and mom quickly became intertwined in the running community in Nanaimo and ran their first marathon together. After Lisa’s mom was diagnosed with cancer, she found her peace in the trails. Eventually the pair was running together again and training for a trail half marathon. Lisa’s love for the trails led to creating the Wild Women trail running group. It started with a handful of runners, and now only a few years later it has over 1400 members!
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- Allen Mountain has a reputation of being a long slog over remote old logging and mining roads, lightly used herd paths with confusing twists and turns, and no good views, basically it is the Adirondacks version of.....wait for it....Owl's Head!
- I knew I had to do it at some point and was a confident I'd have no problems bagging it even with the bridge over the "Mighty" Hudson River destroyed, the floating planks of Lake Jimmy submerged and floating auspiciously, and the bridge over the Opalescent River no longer there. However a couple of days before the hike I was given advice that it would take me over 13 hours, I would need water shoes, a compass, and the trails are difficult at best to follow which lead to a minor freak out! However I then remembered I had hiked every "trailess peak" in the ADK High Peaks so far with no issues and have bushwhacked up trails in the White Mountains that have been abandoned for over forty years, so I calmed down, sucked it up, and was on the trail at first light.
- On trail at 6:40am, summit 10:40am, finished 2:40pm, temps in the 50's rising fast to the 70's, clear skies, decent views along the logging roads, excellent views from the summit downlooks.
- Within the first minute I had to cross the Hudson River, the water was just over ankle deep and felt refreshing. I knew it was going to be a very warm day and that I'd be soaked from mud later on so I kept on my trail runners and just walked in the shallow water.
- Next up was the crossing of Lake Jimmy, the best way to describe this water crossing is a floating bridge where the wooden planks at both shores are submerged in the water and move around when you step on them, pretty intense but luckily the wooden planks in the middle of the lake are firm and not moving around, once again the water felt refreshing.
- The first five miles of this hike is on an official trail, the East River Trail, it was easy to follow with yellow trail marker discs here and there and everytime you came to a turn there was an arrow or a cairn easily spotted, no problems at all. The 5.1 miles is mostly over old logging/mining roads, it's pretty cool and mostly flat with a view of Allen Mountain off in the distance at times.
- The crossing of the Opalescent River was a non issue as well as I just rocked hopped near the location of the old bridge.
- I finally made the turn onto the Allen Herd path, marked with a huge wooden home-made sign nailed into a tree and was surprised to find the trail was now marked with home-made yellow discs until reaching an area of beaver ponds where I ran into Steven and Maria. I was initially going to hike with Maria from the start but could not meet up with her early enough.
- From here the three of us hiked together until we started the steep ascent up Allen Brook and over the slides before gaining the ridge. My favorite part was this section as it is slick with red and green slime up Allen Brook and the slide. The best part is where you have to cross the slide before heading back into the woods, it was steep, slippery, and fun!
- The last section is a steep climb in the woods until you gain the ridge, just like above Owl's Head Slide in the White Mountains. Once gaining the ridge I headed left and reached the summit where there were awesome downlooks with pretty killer views over to the back of the Central High and the Eastern High Peaks.
- I took a long break on the summit and chatted about hiking with Steve before heading back down where I ran into Maria making her way to the summit, then a guy with his dog, and about a dozen other people all taking advantage of a great day to be out in the middle of nowhere!
- The hike back out went quickly as usual, I took a gnarly fall on the steep descent and got scrapped up but loved every second of cautiously scurrying down the Allen Brook / Slide.
- I was happy I got on the trail at first light because it was getting very warm later in the day and the sun was strong as I hiked along the old logging roads. The water crossings were once again very refreshing and when I reached the "Mighty" Hudson, I took off my pack and walked around the river until I found a section deep enough where I could go right and float around and cool off before heading back to the car.
Great report to post. Love the details of the trail.
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0.941587 |
How do we get to know place unless we submerge ourselves in it?
People's ecological concern is related to their affinity to both nature and places (Kals, Schumacher and Montada, 1999). They immerse themselves in special places, get to know particular beauty-spots in the outdoors environment, sink their hands into the soil while gardening, dive deep into the sea's blueness and find love.
Affinity, atunement, allurement, love. Nature unearths these emotions. We are attracted and through this attraction comes attachment and care.
In their discussion of the concept of place attachment, Kyle et al outline that an individual's response to natural settings is 'not determined by the attributes of the setting per se' (p.441), and they mention trees, rivers and mountains. They say that the places an individual prefers are those which they/we have experienced previously. For example, they cite a study by Bixler, Floyd and Hammett (2002) who found that children who had previously experience of wild places, were more competent in those places and preferred them.
In contrast, in an earlier study quirkily titled ‘Nature is Scary, Disgusting and Uncomfortable’, Bixler and Floyd (1997) found that these days, urban children in America are more likely to fear wild nature. The researchers documented how children raised in urban areas are afraid of being in the woods; they are scared of wildlife, insects and spiders; they are disgusted by the dirtiness of the outdoors; and they don’t like experiencing extremes of weather. Instead they prefer their adventures in the tame and predictable city, in manicured parks and shopping malls.
As children begin to lose contact with the natural world, they replace it with indoor experiences which are often linked to car travel, where adults use their cars to ferry children to and fro. This keeps children dependent on adults, not to mention the added environmental consequences that go with increased car use and the lack of physical exercise.
'While many children may visit zoos, watch nature films, or cuddle with pets and stuffed animals, their responses to other species have become more “politically correct” but less grounded in their own visceral experiences' (p.86).
The river in Brisbane provides a haven, not only for birds and animals, but for children and adults to develop place attachment, curiosity about the natural world and ecological processes, and a desire to engage with and protect such places. Merging with the flow of the river can provide myriad experiences, touch the sensual affective side, evoke a sense of wellbeing as well as a sense of care - and spark our own visceral experiences.
Bixler RD and MF Floyd, 1997, 'Nature is Scary, Disgusting and Uncomfortable,' Environment and Behavior, 29, 4, 443-467.
Bixler RD, MF Floyd and WE Hammett, 2002, 'Environmental Socialization: Quantitative Tests of Childhood Play Hypothesis,' Environment and Behavior, 34, 795-818.
Kals E, D Schumacher and L Montada, 1999, 'Emotional Affinity toward Nature as a Motivational Basis to Protect Nature,' Environment and Behavior, 31, 2, 178-202.
Kyle GT, AJ Mowen, and M Tarrant, 2004, 'Linking Place Preference with Place Meaning: An Examination of the Relationship between Place Motivation and Place Attachment,' Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24, 439-454.
Nabhan GP and S Trimble, 1994, The Geography of Childhood. Why Children Need Wild Places. Boston: Beacon Press.
Pyle RM, 1992, 'Intimate Relations and the Extinction of Experience,' Left Bank, 2, 61-69.
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0.961951 |
Going on vacations should be fun right? For the longest time, I didn't think so. I used to have so much anxiety at the thought of going into a flare while away from home and not having my "stuff" to calm my angry gut. Several years ago, I was diagnosed with an autoimmune disease called Ulcerative Colitis, it belongs to the Inflammatory Bowel Disease family and it was debilitating. Fast forward to today, I was lucky to find remission through diet and lifestyle changes instead of taking the conventional pharmaceutical route. If you are also following a unique diet in the name of health, in other words, not the Standard American Diet, I am going to show you how you can enjoy your vacation with proper planning. In my case, I am currently following a keto focused, Paleo Autoimmune Protocol. What does that mean in plain English? Basically, my diet is free of grains, dairy, soy, nuts, nightshades and I only eat starchy vegetables sparingly. What about fruit? Seasonal berries are on the menu, so summer is exciting times!
Last November, we went on a family trip that was special, Why? It was the first trip since I was officially in remission where I could enjoy life with their family like a healthy "normal" person. Even with my autoimmune condition in remission, it still takes extra preparation to make the time away from home go smoothly.
When I was researching online, I plugged in different combinations of keywords that best describe my specific eating style, it's rare to find suggestions matching the exact protocol you are following, unless you are Keto AIP, then you are at the right place.
To start I found Danielle Walker, another IBDer who follows a Paleo lifestyle, has great resources under her "Eating at Disneyland series"
Then I turned to my AIP community and read up on The Bacon Mum's great post Shout out: The Magic of Disney where she offers lots of smart tips about her travel experience. So I took more notes.
Finally, the keto part, I turned to my keto sista, Leanne Vogel from Healthful Pursuit and went through her keto travel tips. Even though the keto thing is kind of new to me, I realized the most important thing I needed to focus on is having enough good fats on hand. These are my three fat staples while on this trip: Avocados, Extra Virgin Olive oil and Creamed Coconut. The beauty of being Fat Adapted ( teaching your body to use fat as preferred fuel instead of glucose through a ketogenic eating style ) is my blood sugar remains more stable, which translates to NO MORE HANGER! I can go a lot longer without being hungry so the hypoglycemic Hulk no longer busts through my seams in her old ravenous way. Trust me, I think my family might appreciate this new change more than I do.
How about the Everyday Disneyland Theme Park tips?
Find this book Unofficial Guide to Disneyland Anaheim 2017 either at the library or you can order it online through the affiliate link above. Read up on the magic of Fast Pass especially if you have small children.
The following is a list of gadgets and hard to find items I am sure glad I packed.
Find your closest healthy grocery, Trader Joes is probably the best but Wholefoods is, of course, a bit pricier choice. Believe it or not, I managed to get what we needed at the closest, grocery only, Walmart.
Buy enough water for everyone in the family, bottled waters are extra pricey inside the theme park.
My first meal there was at Earl of Sandwich just outside of the theme park. I got the Earl's Cobb Salad and asked for olive oil on the side, they didn't have vinegar for me but I solved the problem by grabbing a few cut up lemon wedges they had for people to squeeze into their pop. Whatever works works! We followed Bacon Mum's advice and made a reservation for dinner inside the theme park. The chef did take the time to come out to verify my food restrictions but it was a pretty overpriced piece of fish and a side of arugula. The one place I found my most satisfying meal was... wait for it... Cheesecake Factory. I never thought I would be able to eat compliant meals at there just from the sick of their name. Besides their desserts, they are known for their huge salads. Back in the days when I went for their Cheesecakes, I would have never been able to finish their ginormous salads. Now, it's the perfect size for me. I do wonder if they had health in mind when they planned out the sizing of their salads?
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0.991596 |
Was the first president George Washington more reactive or proactive in dealing with the new nation’s growing pains?
President George Washington was more proactive in dealing with the news nation's growing pains.
Washington was proactive during the Whiskey Rebellion.
Washington was proactive during the Northwest Territory problems.
Washington was reactive during the French Revolution.
Washington was reactive during the Citizen Genet Affair.
Washington was proactive during Jays Treaty.
Washington was reactive during the birth of political parties.
Northwest Territory: He was proactive because he acted fast by sending lots of generals and troops to the war.
French Revolution: He was reactive because he decided to not pick sides and wait and see what happened.
Citizen Genet Affair: He was reactive because he just waited a while before actually getting rid of Edmond Genet.
President George Washington made a good choice warning about political parties made in his farewell address.
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0.939254 |
Twentieth-century predictions that black holes might exist naturally raised the question of how such superdense objects could form. Over time, scientists came to realize that there might be more than one answer to this question, depending on the size of the black hole. Ever since the days of Michell and Laplace, astronomers and physicists had focused their attention on star-sized objects with extreme gravity. So the quest to understand how such bodies form concentrated on the life cycles of and physical processes within stars.
However, the mathematical equations of Einstein's general theory of relativity allow for the existence of black holes of any size, including very small ones. After John Wheeler coined the term black hole in 1967, a number of scientists began theorizing about miniature black holes. A mini–black hole might be the size of an atom. Yet its matter would be so densely compacted that it would weigh something like 100 trillion tons! An even tinier black hole—say the size of an atom's nucleus—would still tip the scales at about a billion tons.
Stephen Hawking proposed that microscopic black holes formed in the huge explosion that gave birth to the universe .
The channel cut through a planet by a mini–black hole would be so small and narrow that it would be far less noticeable or consequential than a tunnel dug through a garden by an ant. If mini–black holes do exist, therefore, their physical effects on large bodies are minimal and they are of little concern to human beings and any other living beings inhabiting the universe.
By contrast, black holes of stellar and larger masses have far more important potential consequences for the universe and life. And this is why scientists have devoted so much time and effort in recent years to understanding how they form, as well as their properties. They realized that it would require a tremendously violent process or event to compress such gigantic quantities of matter into an extremely small space. Moreover, the energy produced would have to be millions of times larger than in those events people normally deem catastrophic—including earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the crash of asteroids onto planetary surfaces. It became clear to scientists that only the phenomenally violent death of a large star could account for the creation of a stellar black hole.
Understanding how stars die and create superdense bodies requires some basic knowledge of how stars live. In the same way that people undergo an inevitable life cycle, stars are born, live out their lives, and finally die. The nursery of a typical star, including one like the Sun, is an extremely large cloud of gases and dust floating through space. Such clouds come into being when "winds" created by exploding stars blow scattered molecules of gas and particles of dust around; some become even more scattered, while others become more concentrated. When such a cloud becomes concentrated enough, gravity causes it to contract still further over time. This contraction also produces heat, which makes the gases and dust grow steadily hotter. Soon, the center of the cloud becomes hot enough to cook a steak; then it reaches the temperature of a blast furnace; and finally, after a few million years, the temperature at the cloud's core becomes hot enough to fuse hydrogen atoms and thereby ignite nuclear reactions. At that instant, the core emits a huge burst of blinding light and other energy that blows away the cooler outer layers of the cloud, leaving behind a giant ball of white-hot gases—a newborn star.
The new star has enough hydrogen in its interior to keep its self-sustaining nuclear reactions going for billions of years. And throughout this longest portion of its life cycle, it continues producing light and heat. If certain other factors in the star's solar system are favorable—such as the formation of a planet at the right distance from the star and the presence of water—this abundant light and heat makes the rise of life possible in that solar system. No significant danger is posed to such life as long as the star remains stable.
Thanks to this balance between outward and inward pressures, stars like the Sun maintain their structures and remain stable for long periods of time. Astronomers estimate that the Sun, which has been in this stable state for several billion years, will remain in it for several billion years to come. Like an animal or a person, however, the great luminous ball cannot live forever. Eventually, a star must use up all of its fuel and enter its death throes, producing a catastrophe in which most of its matter is forced into an extremely dense state. This state can take one of three different forms, depending on the star's initial mass; in each case, a superdense object is created. Two of these objects—a white dwarf and a neutron star—are in a sense immediate precursors of and steps on the road to the black hole. The third is the black hole itself.
The Sun is destined to be transformed into the first of the three superdense bodies created when a star dies, a white dwarf. Billions of years from now, our star will begin to run out of the hydrogen that fuels the nuclear reactions in its core. When most of the hydrogen is gone, the core will get both denser and hotter. This extra heat will cause the Sun's outer layers to expand outward, transforming it into an enormous star hundreds of times bigger than it is now; in fact, its surface will engulf the orbits of Mercury and Venus, destroying those planets, and the surface of Earth (which will then be the innermost planet in the solar system) will be scorched as if in a blast furnace. However, because the Sun's new surface will be stretched and more spread out than before, any given portion of it will be a bit cooler. So the star's color will change from a hot yellow to a cooler red. For this reason such expanded, cooler stars are called red giants.
Once formed by stellar collapse, solitary white dwarfs slowly cool and fade from view. If they are part of binary (double-star) systems, however, white dwarfs can periodically produce explosions called novas, as explained here by University of Amherst astronomer Thomas T. Arny in his noted astronomy text Explorations .
If a white dwarf has a nearby companion, gas expelled from the companion may fall onto the dwarf…. Coming from the companion's outer layers, such gas is rich in hydrogen and may briefly replenish the white dwarf's fuel supply. The new fuel forms a layer on the white dwarf's surface, where gravity compresses and heats it. The gas layer eventually reaches the ignition temperature for hydrogen, but … nuclear burning in a degenerate gas can be explosive. The detonating hydrogen is blasted into space and forms an expanding shell of hot gas … that radiates far more energy than the white dwarf itself. Sometimes these stellar explosions are visible to the naked eye. When earlier astronomers saw such events, they called them novas, from the Latin word for "new," because the explosion would make a bright point of light appear in the sky where no star was previously visible.
Astronomers have determined that the ultimate fate of average-sized stars—those having up to 1.4 times the mass of the Sun (or 1.4 solar masses)—is to become white dwarfs. But what about stars that start out with more than 1.4 solar masses? They obviously have stronger gravities. So it is only logical that their end will be more violent and result in the formation of an object even more dense than a white dwarf.
Because such an object is made up almost entirely of neutrons (forming a substance many scientists call neutronium), it is called a neutron star.
The bright object at the center of the Crab Nebula is the pulsar discovered in 1968. Such objects are actually neutron stars .
The rest of the star's original mass is now concentrated in a ball of neutronium about ten to twenty miles across, roughly the size of a large city. So dense is the material in a neutron star that a tablespoon of it weighs at least several trillion tons. Furthermore, such a star's escape velocity is nearly 125,000 miles per second, about two-thirds the speed of light.
All of this sounds convincing in theory. But astronomers had no direct proof of the existence of neutron stars until the late 1960s, when objects called pulsars began to be found. In 1968, for example, astronomers discovered a strange object at the center of the Crab Nebula. Located in the constellation of Taurus, the bull, this bright, rapidly expanding cloud of gases is the remnant of a supernova that occurred in 1054 and was recorded by Chinese and Japanese observers. Modern astronomers noted that the object at the center of the nebula gives off regular, intense bursts, or pulses, of radiation at the rate of thirty per second. Appropriately, they named this and other similar objects pulsars.
Neutron stars have enormous gravity, which would cause a living creature to be crushed out of existence in a fraction of a second, as explained by the great science explainer Isaac Asimov in his book The Collapsing Universe .
Suppose that an object with the mass of the sun collapses to the neutron-star stage and is only 14 kilometers [8.7 miles] in diameter. An object on its surface will now be only 1/100,000 the distance to its center as it would be if it were on the surface of the sun. The tidal effect on the neutron star's surface is therefore 100,000 × 100,000 × 100,000 times that on the sun's surface, or a million billion times that on the sun's surface and a quarter of a million billion times that on the Earth's surface. A two-meter-tall human being standing on a neutron star and immune to its radiation, heat, or total gravity would nevertheless be stretched apart by a force of 18 billion kilograms in the direction toward and away from the neutron star's center, and of course the human being, or anything else, would fly apart into dust-sized particles.
Scientists now know that neutron stars like the one in the Crab Nebula are not the last word, so to speak, in the awesome story of stellar collapse. That distinction belongs to the black hole. Light is just barely able to escape the deep gravity well of a neutron star, so in a sense it almost qualifies for black hole status. In fact, says John Gribbin, "A neutron star sits on the very threshold of being a black hole." 21 One major factor that sets black holes apart from neutron stars, however, is that no light can escape from a black hole; light and everything else that gets too close to a black hole becomes trapped inside its gravity well forever.
A stellar black hole forms from the collapse of a star having more than eight times the mass of the Sun. So powerful is the force of the inrushing matter that it bypasses both the white dwarf and neutron star stages and compresses that matter into an even denser state. In fact, the matter keeps on falling down the star's gravity well in a sort of neverending death spiral. This is because the gravity well of a black hole is like a bottomless pit, from which nothing can escape.
Not surprisingly, this densest of superdense objects jams an extremely large amount of material into a very small volume of space. A stellar black hole is surprisingly small, therefore. One formed during the death of a star having eight solar masses would probably be only about the size of a small house. It is important to remember that most of the former star's original matter is still inside the black hole. (Some of its matter was ejected into space during the supernova accompanying the star's collapse.) That means that the object's gravitational pull will be roughly the same as that of the original star. Any planets orbiting the star before its collapse would continue orbiting the black hole, which would not capture and consume them unless they strayed too close to it.
The survival of a planet and the survival of living things that might inhabit it are two different things, however. A majority of life forms that happen to exist on planets orbiting a star that becomes a black hole will die from powerful radiation released during the catastrophic collapse and supernova. And any life that has the misfortune to survive this disaster will quickly freeze to death after the star stops radiating light and heat. Clearly, the formation of a stellar black hole is one of the most awesome and potentially lethal events that can occur in nature.
what will happen when one black hole comes in the field of other ie within the schwarzchild radius of both?
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0.997216 |
Data organization is a vital performance optimization technique proven by use in legacy data warehouse architectures, where it is common that data is stored in accordance to its use case. For example, transactional data is stored in a row based format, where each row represents a transaction record. In contrast, analytical data is commonly stored in columnar form; organized by facts and dimensions across many separate tables.
This happens mostly due to physics, as storing and processing bytes is an inherently restricted task. That is, once you have laid out data within a physical storage medium, it is costly to rearrange it. Row-based, single table access is great for point operations (e.g. “Load the details for order 123”) while columnar and multi-table access is good for reporting (e.g. “What was the revenue in North America in October by retail stores”). If there was a single way to physically store the data so that both access patterns could be served efficiently, the need for use-case based storage techniques would be unnecessary. But in reality, this is impossible as each data layout, or schema, is bound to its use-case and will likely perform poorly for the other.
In the world of big data, this dilemma is still applicable. Data still resides on storage media burdened with the same hardware related caveats. The end result is that enterprises have no be-all-end-all solution for storage and processing needs, but still employ a large gamut of dedicated systems for particular use-cases. The most prevalent examples are RDBMSs for transactional data, data lakes for historical data and analytical workloads, and streaming systems for near-realtime processing.
All these disjointed systems leave data consumers with the challenge of combining the different sources of data at query time. Combining these datasets requires users to map each individual source into a schema to represent a common structure for all datasets in the query. Having schemas allows users to join those sources on shared attributes, such as customer number or order ID.
The Okera Platform provides a single Schema Registry to define database and dataset schemas using common SQL commands. Each record in a dataset is divided into fields to represent each of the columns in the relation. Since many users will already be familiar with database management, SQL is a practical choice to provide the necessary functionality to define and administer these schemas. With all of these available data sources, how do you approach the task of defining these schemas?
The most straightforward approach to defining schemas is mapping underlying data source into a SQL TABLE object with each attribute matching the original schema. A developer or analyst could then use the resulting table to feed dashboards or be a part of complex queries using the SQL JOIN operator as they would with any other SQL table. For the data owners, this approach defines a one-to-one mapping from the data source into the Okera Platform, thus allowing data consumers to immediately begin using their data.
But this also raises two kinds of questions: A) What about inexperienced users who do not know how to interpret the raw field names? What about new colleagues who need to consume the data, but are not familiar with the original data source? And B) What happens when you face schema drift, that is, the underlying raw data layout is changed and now needs to be reflected in the table schema? How can you avoid to expose the structural change of the table to everyone who is using it?
The questions for B), that is the issue of tables being too close to the underlying data source structure, can be mitigated by wrapping the table into an SQL VIEW. That way, the one-to-one table structure is disconnected from the users, so that low-level changes are only reflected in the VIEW definition. All downstream consumers have to use the proxying view instead of the table, putting them out of harms way (that is, shield them from certain structural changes). Using SQL GRANT statements, the DBA can revoke access to the table and allow access to the view instead.
Eventually, there may be enough substantial changes in the underlying table structure that the view is no longer able to mask without a substantial loss of fidelity. In that case, another VIEW could be defined with a new name to represent the way forward. Those who need to get access to the latest schema can migrate to the new view as necessary.
For questions A), using a view over the low-level table allows the database administrator (DBA) to easily clean up table details (e.g. rename fields, change their types, and fix issues with content). The view then exposes only well known fields with names that are part of the enterprise-wide vocabulary. We call this the cleanup view and we suggest that it be used as the basis for all subsequent consumption.
But come to think of it, there is more you can do with views. For example, you can use them to filter, project, or modify data. These activities are not unusual for DBAs to do and fit right into the context of Okera, leading us to the overall reference schema design architecture.
The primary difference between the Okera Platform and a standard RDBMS is that our platform is designed for efficient data access and control, which is why we rely heavily on SQL commands tailored for those tasks. More specifically, we have removed any analytical features, such as using DISTINCT or GROUP BY operators in order to deliver the most efficient administrative experience possible. What we recommend is adding another layer in the schema design architecture to account for these access controls measures, that is, the access control views.
For that, the DBA needs to define one more view over the cleanup view(s) that does all the necessary work to return the data in the form a particular user would expect to see. Allowed operations are SQL projections and selections, that is, the inclusion of certain columns in the SELECT statement, combined with a WHERE clause that filters what rows are returned. In addition, the DBA can use SQL functions to mask or tokenize column values based on the user running the query.
The diagram shows these layers together.
Using access control views gives you the ability to share the same schemas with many users, as their evaluation occurs at query time under the context of the current user. The remaining complex query functions, including computational tasks, are delegated to the downstream processing engines.
Because of the tailored SQL support, aggregate functions must be handled outside of the Okera Platform in external compute engines. In fact, it is common for users to express their logic in higher language abstractions, such as HiveQL for Hive, Scala or Python for Spark, or SQL for Presto. These engines are now also responsible for the remaining operations to produce the final result for the specific user query.
This leaves the compute engine no choice but to read from that table reference like it is a raw source of data (e.g. an S3 file).
The result is that the evaluation of the VIEW occurs outside of Okera Platform but inside the downstream compute engine. All of the unsupported SQL is handled downstream as well, while the sales_transaction access control view is still handled by Okera; applying all the filtering and audit logging as expected.
You may be asking yourself if defining all of those views over the base table are resource overhead and computationally expensive. Since the Okera Platform is evaluating these layers at query plan time, the answer is a definitive no. The operations of each view over the base table are combined into a single statement, complete with user role-dependent actions. When the query is executed on the ODAS Workers, there is no further cost to the slightly more involved schema hierarchy. Functionally, it is free of any additional cost to the query.
On top of that, the layered view approach in the Okera Platform provides DBAs with additional data management capabilities. For example, it allows DBAs to limit the amount of data returned for a partitioned table when no matching WHERE clauses was defined. The special Okera-provided LAST PARTITION feature can avoid unnecessary full table scans (such as SELECT * FROM <table_or_view> to check what data a dataset holds, just to realize it has terabytes or petabytes of data) that may inadvertently choke up valuable system resources.
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0.99994 |
where is the polynomial interpolating the points , evaluated at the point . That is to say, the second column comes from interpolating only one point each, meaning that it reproduces trivially the original values: . The third column comes from interpolating pairs of adjacent points. Notice that is the polynomial we constructed above. The fourth column comes from interpolating three contiguous points. We illustrated above. The last column has only one entry and comes from interpolating all the points.
The student should verify that for , as it should.
Here we apply the Neville scheme to the example of the exponential integral, interpolated at .
Compare the two tables. As promised, the second column is a copy of the values. The third column gives the result of doing a linear interpolation between the two neighboring points and evaluating the resulting function at . Notice that only the first value, , is really an interpolation. The others in the third column are actually linear extrapolations back to 0.15 from interpolations on the other intervals. The fourth column gives the result of a quadratic interpolation of the central point on that row and its two neighbors. For only the first value in that column is really an interpolation. The others are extrapolations.
There can be two interpolating values in a column. For example, if we had constructed a similar table for interpolation at , the first two values in the fourth column would be interpolations, since the polynomials and both cover the interval.
Which value gives the best answer? Polynomial extrapolations can be risky, so clearly we should use only the interpolating values. For the example above, the interpolating values can be read from the first number in each column, starting with the third column: , , , . Since we expect the estimate to improve as we increase the degree of the polynomial, at least as long as the degree isn't too high, our best result should be , coming from the quartic polynomial interpolating all the points.
It is not always necessary to carry out the Neville iteration to the bitter end. To avoid disasters with high degree polynomials on evenly spaced points near the edges of a table, it is best to do interpolations with roughly the same number of tabulated values on either side of the interpolation point, which may make stopping advisable, before exhausting all the points in a table.
Finally, we need an estimate of the interpolation error in our best result without peeking at the exact value. (If we know it, why interpolate?) A crude estimate of the error is given by the magnitude of the change between the best value and the next best. In our case it is , or about . How far off are we, really? The actual value to six figures is , so the error in the last value is really , nearly twice our estimated error. Well, knowing what we do about the logarithmic singularity in this function at the origin and the hazards of high-degree polynomial interpolations, we might have expected trouble. The moral of the story: make your error estimates with a good measure of humility.
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0.998344 |
How much is Alan Dershowitz Worth?
Alan Dershowitz is an American lawyer, jurist, and political commentator and has a net worth of $25 million. Alan Dershowitz earned his net worth as a lawyer and in politics. He was raised in the orthodox Jewish area of Boro Park, New York. He was the first baby in his family to be delivered outside the home, and his father was a wholesaler of blue jeans. He graduated from Yale Law School and clerked for Justice Arthur Goldberg before being appointed to the faculty of Harvard Law School at age 25. He has spent most of his career at Harvard Law School and at the age of 28, he became the youngest full professor of law in its history. He is known for his involvement in several high-profile legal cases and as a commentator on the Arab–Israeli conflict. He has won 13 of the 15 murder and attempted murder cases he has handled, and has represented a series of celebrity clients, including Mike Tyson, Patty Hearst, and Jim Bakker. He is the author of a number of books about politics and law. He has also published more than 100 articles in magazines and journals. He has been described by Newsweek as America's "most peripatetic civil liberties lawyer and one of its most distinguished defenders of individual rights. Committed to working on behalf of Jewish rights, Dershowitz traveled to the Soviet Union in 1974 as part of the Soviet Jewry Defense Project. He was named a Guggenheim Fellow in 1979, and in 1983 received the William O. Douglas First Amendment Award from the Anti-Defamation League for his work on civil rights. He is a member of the International Advisory Board of NGO Monitor. The New York Criminal Bar Association honored him for his "outstanding contribution as a scholar and dedicated defender of human rights." Alan Dershowitz was born on Sept. 1, 1938, in Brooklyn, New York.
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0.999974 |
How can you make a classic chocolate cake even better? You add homemade chocolate blackberry ganache! Sun-ripened blackberries add a depth of flavor and an antioxidant punch to this moist and tender chocolate cake.
Sift together flour, cocoa powder, baking soda, and 2 cups sugar. Set aside.
Divide batter evenly into pans and place in oven; bake for 40-45 minutes until center of cake bounces back when lightly pressed with a finger or an inserted toothpick comes out clean.
After 5 minutes turn cakes upside down on plastic food-lined surface and allow to cool completely before filling or frosting, about 1 hour.
Prepare filling: If using chocolate in chip form - place in a bowl; if in bar shape - cut in pieces about the size of chocolate chips and set aside.
Puree blackberries until smooth. Press mixture through a sieve to remove seeds.
Pour blackberry puree into a measuring cup and fill to 1 1/4 cup. Use any remaining amount to flavor sparkling water or as a topping for pancakes or toast.
In a small saucepan, bring blackberry puree and 2 tablespoons sugar to a boil. Remove from heat and pour onto chocolate. Whisk smooth and set ganache aside in the refrigerator.
Place a cake round onto a serving platter. Check consistency of blackberry chocolate ganache; it should be as firm as peanut butter. If too soft, place bowl in an ice bath while stirring.
Spread 1/3 of ganache onto cake layer and top with another cake layer.
Spread another 1/3 of ganache on the cake and top with remaining cake layer. Spread only 1/2 of remaining ganache on the surface.
Whip heavy cream and 1 tablespoon sugar to medium firm peaks and spread onto surface of top layer of cake. Top with fresh blackberries and if desired sprinkle with powdered sugar.
Right before serving, heat remaining ganache until liquid and pour onto each cake slice. This cake is most delicious when served at room temperature.
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0.963436 |
I just caught my housemates watching The Lord of The Rings. At the scene where the Fellowship enters the Mines of Moria, the writing on the entrance is in Elvish, despite this being a Dwarvish city.
Why is that? I know my housemate said somewhere it's mentioned that the Elves and Dwarves were friends, but why not make your own door?
Though the doors were constructed by a dwarf (Narvi), the inscriptions on them were written by an elf (Celebrimbor).
The dwarven language is secret, so they wouldn't be inclined to write it in a public place. When the dwarves and elves interacted, they would have done so in the elves' language.
@StuWilson and @Micah gave you the in-universe explanation, but I wanted to add an external, narrative reason. One of Tolkien's main themes in LotR and the Third Age was the estrangement of peoples from each other.
With the Last Alliance, the united front of Men and Elves in the end of the Second Age, marking the beginning of the Third Age, the age of suspicion. Elves retreated into their forests and strongholds, Dwarves into their mountains, and Men became suspicious of all the strange folk.
Thus, the friendship of the Dwarves of Moria and the Elves of Eregion, and especially the cooperation between the smiths and crafters of both kingdoms, was a major feature of the pre-Third Age (relative) bliss and harmony between the races.
Incidentally, one of the most vilified elements introduced by Peter Jackson in the LotR movies, the coming of the Elves to the aid of Helm's Deep, is actually a lovely homage, in my opinion, to Tolkien's underlying themes. The plot of LotR and the closing of the Third Age depict a reversal of the policies of isolationism and estrangement. Aragorn, taught by and living with the Elves for decades, becomes King of Gondor and takes an (humanized) Elf for a wife, thus bringing the two races closer together - or at least what remains of the Elves in Middle Earth. Gimli and Legolas also become fast friends, with Legolas appreciating the beauty of the Glittering Caves of Aglarond, and Gimli willing to concede the beauty of Fangorn. This is also symbolic of the bringing together that Tolkien tried to express. This is why I do not object to Jackson's creative liberty with the forces of Lorien coming to the aid of the Rohirrim: it's there to express exactly that sentiment.
If I remember my Silmarillion correctly, the history of Moria has both Elves and Dwarves living in there prior to events taking place in the Fellowship of the Ring.
The gate that they pass through was originally created for the Elves living in Moria to pass outside to the Elven lands close by. Although the Dwarves manufactured the gate, since it was primarily used by the Elves, the spell was cast upon it by the Elves.
Hence the words to open the gates were in Elvish.
During the Second Age, the Dwarves of Moria and the Elves of Eregion were close friends.
The riddle in of itself was symbolizing the friendship that the Dwarves and Elves of that area had at the time.
These doors have no key. In the days of Durin they were not secret. They usually stood open and doorwards sat here. But if they were shut, any who knew the opening word could speak it and pass in.
At the time of its creation I doubt that any Dwarves would think that they would need a defense against the Elves, but if the doors were closed for times of war, then a true friend, as the Elves were at that time, would be able to enter.
The riddle would have been extremely easy for the quick mind of an Elf of that time to figure out if they hadn't have known already.
Why were the doors of Moria made so easy to open?
How and why did the Elves sense Sauron's treachery when he put on the One Ring?
Why did the all member of the middle earth council agree with Frodo as ring-bearer?
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0.990891 |
Providing Home Services Although many home health care agencies only provide basic services that include making sure people take their medications and monitoring the safety of the client, there are a few special services that some agencies provide.
If you are considering hiring a home health care MD company for yourself or a family member, then make sure the nurses and assistants can provide the services that are needed so that you don't have to hire someone else along with the company.
Personal care services that are usually offered by a home health agency include bathing, shampooing hair, and making sure the client is dressed for all occasions and for all temperatures in order to stay comfortable. Some caregivers will take clients to appointments and run errands that are needed, such as going to the grocery store. There are workers who will clean the client's home, wash dishes, and do yard work that is needed. These are the workers that act more as companions instead of those who only provide medical care. Workers will sometimes prepare meals and help with feeding if they are in the home at meal times. There are also home care workers who offer services for specific types of patients. Some help people who have had surgeries. They will change dressings on wounds, ensure that pain medications are taken as needed, and help with any mobility concerns until the client is able to walk and provide self-care again. There are workers who help with new mothers and newborns. The worker will go to the home to make sure the mother has the support and care needed after delivery, especially if a C-section has been performed. The worker will also help with the care of the baby, such as bathing and feeding or providing medical care if there are health issues with the mother or baby.
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0.988495 |
How Negotiable Is A Dealership's Internet Price?
I am shopping for a new car and I keep seeing dealers advertise an "internet price." Often it is lower than the other dealers. Sometimes the ad says "call for internet price," but it won't say a number. Is it really the lowest price?
Most dealerships know that car-buyers are going to the web to comparison price shop. Some of the smarter ones will advertise a price lower than their competitors hoping that you will call them first. Sometimes it really is the lowest possible price that that dealer is willing to sell the car, however if you shop smart, you may be able to keep a little more money in your pocket.
The first thing you need to know is what are the conditions of that "internet price"? Does it already include manufacturer incentives? If so, do you qualify for all of them? I have seen several dealerships advertise a great deal, but in order to get it you would have to be: a recent college graduate, active or retired military, and already have a car from that brand in your household. So be sure to read the fine print, and get that price in writing.
So lets say that internet price does not come with any qualifying conditions, the next thing you need to find out is are those discounts being made up for elsewhere. Often dealers will advertise the lowest price but will tack on extra fees thus neutralizing the deal. This is why it is important to get an itemized out-the-door quote.
In regards to whether or not there is more negotiation to be had is to know what others are offering for the same car with the same equipment at the same MSRP. It is crucial to be comparing apples to apples here. If you shop for quotes and others come back lower (remember out-the-door not just vehicle price) then you may have some leverage to get some further discount. If no other dealers can beat the price you have been given, chances are that dealer is offering you the best deal they can.
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0.999993 |
As an individual moves through a series of life passages, different pieces of information create a distinct footprint of that individual. This distinct footprint creates a life status: Social Security numbers are assigned, families grow, residences are established and re-established, and careers are followed by retirement. Additionally, our modern world increases the variety of contact methods, such as phone numbers and email addresses. These life statuses are fluid and ever-changing as individuals move through their lives.
At LifeStatus360, we understand the value of each life status as it changes throughout the course of an individual’s life. For many businesses, it can be difficult to maintain accurate records as a person moves careers, addresses or into death. When working with data compliance, businesses need to be able to maintain accurate records. Our solutions incorporate the latest technology to ensure that our customers quickly and easily can locate the information they need when they need it.
Regulations and legislation are consistently changing the data compliance industry, which often creates new challenges for businesses. Continued innovation leads to evolution in the technology sector, bringing new and better ways to deliver important information to companies and consumers. In the data compliance industry, that means finding solutions for death audits and life audits so that information can be accurately recorded and money isn’t lost.
We use data-driven analysis and discovery, data engineering, domain expertise and our ever-adapting innovative technology to stay at the forefront of our industry. Our specialized, in-house developed SaaS platform provides our customers with a user-friendly interface that’s simple to navigate and obtains valuable Non-Public Personal information.
Every company is defined by how they operate in their industry and in the overall climate of Corporate America. At LifeStatus360, we believe that there are defining characteristics of success: integrity, expertise and innovation. These are our core principles, and they define our team and our business in our everyday tasks, in today’s modern world and in the data compliance industry.
Our integrity is at the core of everything we do. Our team places a high value on honesty and fairness, and this extends to our customers, employees and our external data suppliers. Our business focuses on long-term client relationships rather than short term gains.
We believe that building a strong reputation, though difficult, is the best way to ensure the success of our business and our customers. As regulations and legislation continue to change the data compliance landscape, we continue to offer our customers reliable information they can depend on.
Our team is led by technology enthusiasts who have mastered the art of bridging our expertise with our extensive knowledge of the Pension Plan Services industry. Our proven network of death record content providers, which cover all 50 states and outlying territories, are the foundation of our extensive database that’s updated daily and accessible online from anywhere, at any time of day or night.
We know how valuable up-to-date death record and SSN data is. Our expertise in designing an intuitive SaaS platform utilizes the most sophisticated software and comprehensive internet strategy, giving our customers life and death audit solutions that are accessible and affordable.
The answer came in the form of a unique and diverse proprietary SaaS platform. We know that technology is the way of the future, and we’re on board. We proactively seek and leverage custom-driven innovation to continue to provide solutions that are at the cutting-edge of our niche market.
LifeStatus360 is dedicated to using the latest technology and security protocols to create superior life audit solutions and death audit solutions for our customers. We understand that our customers depend on reliable solutions that are accessible from anywhere at any time, which is why we’ve built a state-of-the-art SaaS platform that is completely different from our competitors. Our company is housed in a Class A Security building because we know and understand the importance of security, especially when handling large amounts of non-public personal information.
Experience our death audit solutions and life audit solutions for yourself, and see why we’re the best solution in the industry. Our services provide fast results and daily updates – faster than any other company in this market. Sign up for our 7/30 Challenge and test our services against those of our competitors, and let us prove why our solutions are the best. Contact us online or via telephone at 888-LIFE-360 to add your name to our free trial period and let us walk you through our intuitive user interface and how our services can save you time and money.
Since we switched to your service, we have not made a single overpayment.
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0.999907 |
To me, the Easter holiday is the time where I bid farewell to the bipolar weather, and welcome the warm weather once and for all. It's the time to embrace the spring floral and colorful wear, the swimsuits and fun outdoorsy activities. So I decided to come up with a list of fun activities you can do on your Easter break, embrace the beach, the sun and the weather in a unique way.
1. Wake up early and go for a run by the beach. The view and the air will be amazing.
2. Ditch the restaurants and the takeout food and do a barbecue instead.
3. Make a time capsule with your friends and bury it. Just make sure to go back and open it next Easter break.
4. Have a water ballon fight by the beach, there is nothing better than getting soaked in the hot weather.
5. Paint eggs with kids, and embrace your inner child. Go all out with fur, glitter and colors.
6. What kind of Easter break would it be without an egg treasure hunt.
7. A little competitive game is a perfect way to spice things up. Play american football by the beach, or even beach volley.
8. Ever played hide and seek at night by the beach? You have to try it to know how awesome it is.
9. Grab your pictionary and hit the tables by the pool. It is always nice to have a game night by the water, someone always gets pushed in, just saying!
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0.999839 |
John Baichtal, author of Robot Builder: The Beginner's Guide to Building Robots, shows how to use an inexpensive and widely available L293D chip to control a motor. Get your robot up and running - in any direction, and at any speed - with a few simple steps and a little bit of code.
DC motors provide a very inexpensive and simple way to add movement to a robot, but they’re limited fresh out of the box. Simply applying voltage to the motor’s leads just makes it turn, and the motor’s speed and rotational direction cannot be modified easily. What you need is a motor control driver! The L293D chip gives you a super simple way to control motors, and this article shows you how to wire it up.
The L293D chip can be purchased from a number of sources, including Adafruit ($2.50) and SparkFun ($2.35).
SparkFun’s L293D chip is a different product with an identical pin configuration.
The L293D chip consists of a silicon wafer with 16 leads sticking out from it (see Figure 1).
Figure 1 The L293D uses 16 pins to control two DC motors.
The following table describes what each of the 16 leads does on the L293D chip.
This “enable pin” should be connected to a digital pin on the Arduino. It controls speed by using pulse-width modulation (PWM), a technique for rapidly triggering a component like an LED or motor, giving it the illusion of dimming or slowing. In actuality, it’s just turning on and off really quickly. I explain how to use this technique in the coding section of this article.
Control pin 1 for motor 1.
Output 1 for motor 1. Connect this pin to one of the leads of your motor.
Ground. The chip has four ground pins, but you only need to connect one to your Arduino’s GND pin.
Output 2 for motor 1. Hook this up to the motor’s second wire.
Control pin 2 for motor 1. Connect this pin to a digital pin on your Arduino.
External power source for the motors.
This is the “enable pin” for motor 2. As mentioned above, you can use PWM when triggering this pin to control the speed of the motor.
Control pin 1 for motor 2. This pin connects to a digital pin on the Arduino.
Output 1 for motor 2. This pin connects to the first wire on motor 2.
Output 2 for motor 2. This pin connects to the second wire on Motor 2.
Control pin 2 for motor 2. Hook this pin to a digital pin on the Arduino.
Powers the logic of the chip. Connect this pin to 5V on the Arduino.
Basically, the L293D chip gives you control over either two DC motors or one four-wire stepper motor. For DC motors, you can control the direction and speed of the motor by using three Arduino pins. To make the motor go forward, turn one of the control pins HIGH while turning the other one LOW. To reverse direction, make the first pin LOW and the second pin HIGH. If you turn both pins HIGH or LOW, the motor won’t do anything.
Super easy! Let’s check out an example.
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0.999999 |
Should you get a camera with an optical or electronic viewfinder?
The viewfinder of a camera is located at the top of the back of digital cameras, and you look through it to compose a scene. Viewfinders typically available on cameras are either optical or electronic in design. Not all digital cameras have a viewfinder, such as some point and shoot compact cameras, and instead, use an LCD screen to frame a photo. When buying a new camera it is important to know which kind of viewfinder you should get.
With cameras that include a viewfinder, you almost always have the option of using the viewfinder or an LCD screen to frame your photos. On some DSLR cameras, this is not an option.
A viewfinder drains less power from the battery.
A viewfinder allows for better stability because you hold the camera closer to your body.
A viewfinder makes you feel like a real photographer!
Once you get used to using your camera's viewfinder you can often change camera controls instinctively without looking away.
There are three different types of camera viewfinders.
This is a relatively simple system where the optical viewfinder zooms at the same time as the main lens. Its optical path runs parallel to the lens, though it is not showing you exactly what is in the image frame.
Viewfinders on compact, point-and-shoot cameras tend to be quite small, and they often only display around 90% of what the sensor will actually capture. This is known as the "parallax error," and it is most obvious when subjects are close to the camera. In many situations, it is more accurate to use the LCD screen.
DSLRs use a mirror and a prism, and that means that there is no parallax error. The optical viewfinder (OVF) displays what will be projected onto the sensor. This is called "through the lens" technology, or TTL.
The viewfinder also displays a status bar along the bottom, which shows exposure and camera setting information. In most DSLR cameras, you will also see and be able to choose from various autofocus points that appear as small square boxes with the chosen one highlighted.
The electronic viewfinder, often shortened to EVF, is also a TTL technology. Technically, the EVF is a small LCD, but it replicates the effect of the viewfinders found on DSLRs. It functions in a fashion similar to the LCD screen on a compact camera, displaying the image being projected onto the sensor by the lens. This is shown in real time, though there can be some delays.
An EVF also does not suffer from parallax errors. Some EVF viewfinders will also give you insight into various functions or corrections that the camera is going to make. You may see highlighted areas that determine the point the camera will focus on, or it may simulate the motion blur that will be captured. The EVF may also boost the brightness automatically in dark scenes and will display that on the viewfinder screen.
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0.971531 |
Water is very essential in the life of any living thing especially human beings. There are lots of reasons why we human beings shouldn't be neglecting water. Many people today prefer drinking more of liquids containing sugar, alcohol and fat which may also have adverse effects and cost more to them instead of just drinking water.
The human body needs water so dearly in order for it function very well, a dehydrated is exposed to a lot of bad effects which can easily be prevented by just drinking a good amount of water daily. The earth is made up of 70% of water, so i don't think there's actually a tangible reason why you will choose not to be drinking more water because it's free and neither will it take you any stress to get it. Recently, health experts declared that people should be drinking at least 8 glasses of water daily which some people actually took serious while others may have taken it for granted. Well, the intention for this brief article is just to make you know why you should actually be drinking water more frequently for a healthy living.
1. Water is an energy booster. When the body has little or no water, it won't be able to carry out it normal activities.
2. Water serves as the body transport system, which means it enables the proper circulation of nutrients round the body.
3. Water helps to stop or reduce headache. Most at times, headache is basically caused by dehydration, so try to drink water next time your head hurts.
4. Water helps to prevent cancer. A recent research has declared that drinking a lot of water reduces one's risk of acquiring bladder cancer & colon cancer.
5. Water boosts the immune system. It helps to make your immune system stronger in order to combat diseases from the body.
6. Water increases the amount of red blood cells in the body enabling it to improve its lung function.
7. Water helps to break down food materials in the body in order for the nutrients trapped in the food to be released for the body use.
8. Water helps to hydrate the cartilages in order to prevent joint pains.
9. Water helps to maintain the body weight by regulating appetite and also increasing metabolism rate.
10. Water helps to flush out waste products and bacteria from the body so as to keep the body out from diseases.
11. Water helps to improve the texture and color of the skin by helping it rebuild new cells.
12. Water helps to regulate the body temperature.
13. Water helps to balance the mood by reducing stress and depression.
14. Water enables a proper sleep, when you find it difficult sleeping, trying drinking a glass of water.
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0.999999 |
What is the difference between Indian Standard Time and US Eastern Time ?
Best Answer: Indian Standard Time (IST) is the time observed in India. Its time offset is UTC+5:30 at all times of the year.
Indian Standard Time is calculated at the Allahabad observatory. Allahabad is 82.5 °E of the Prime Meridian and as a result the time difference between Greenwich and Allahabad is exactly 5 hours and 30 minutes.
The entire country shares the same time zone. As a result sunrise and sunset times are substantially different across the breadth of the country. Another temporal inconsistency occurs because parts of India lie east of Bangladesh which observes UTC+6 as the standard time. Thus, moving from, say, Assam to West Bengal (both in India) in the same direction implies moving clocks forward and backward by half an hour as one passes over Bangladesh.
India's time zones were established in 1884, when there were two standard time zones, Bombay Time and Calcutta Time. The IST came into effect in 1905. However, Bombay still persisted with its own time zone, 39 minutes behind IST, until 1955.
Currently India does not observe daylight saving time, though it was used during the Sino-Indian War (1962), the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.
The Eastern Time Zone of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of Northern America and the west coast of South America. Its time offset is UTC-5 during Standard time and UTC-4 during Daylight saving time.
The time observed in this zone in the US portion is called Eastern Standard Time (EST) when observing standard time; Eastern Daylight Time EDT) when observing daylight savings.
In the United States, the following states are part of the Eastern Time Zone: Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia.
Additionally, the eastern half of Kentucky, the eastern third of Tennessee, the majority of Florida, and all of Michigan except the four Upper Peninsula counties that border Wisconsin (Gogebic, Iron, Dickinson, Menominee), and most of Indiana (all except the Chicago and Evansville metro areas) are part of the Eastern Standard Time Zone. The parts of these states not in the Eastern Standard Time Zone are in the Central Standard Time Zone.
In Canada, most of the provinces of Quebec and Ontario, plus most of the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut belong to the Eastern Standard Time Zone. In Mexico, the eastern state of Quintana Roo also followed EST for a brief period in the 1990s.
Other parts of North America that keep time by subtracting five hours from UTC include Panama, Jamaica, Haiti, Cuba, the Bahamas, and much of the Caribbean. In South America this time zone is observed in Colombia, Ecuador (except Galápagos), Peru, and, in Brazil, the state of Acre and the southwestern region of the state of Amazonas.
If 6 'o' clock in india what is the time in us?
Help with the term "American Indian?"?
Why do you think jazz has less appeal than other forms of music?
Does blacks have their own way of talking in britain like they do in the u.s.?
Can someone tell me the origin for each race please?
Are there any national holidays in the US that you feel should be removed or renamed?
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0.931151 |
New York's public transport system is relatively good and cheap, including buses and the subway. There are also the iconic and ever-present yellow cabs, although they are more expensive. Visitors should avoid unlicensed cabs, sometimes called gypsy or pirate cabs.
One can use a combination of these or just get around on foot. Walking is often the best way to see the city. During rush hours, when buses and taxis are caught in gridlock and the subway is overcrowded, stretching the legs can be the quickest option.
Usually, the most efficient way to get around is the 24-hour underground system, especially as most of Manhattan's sights are near subway stations. Like other massive cities, however, this can be extremely confusing at first.
The bus system is simpler but slower, a good option for shorter distances or for travelling across town. Driving in New York is not recommended as traffic is heavy, drivers rude and aggressive, and parking both rare and exorbitant.
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0.999999 |
A shirt is on sale for 60% off. The original price of the shirt is $50. What is the new price of the shirt?
A truck rental company charges $500 to rent a truck It charges an additional $0.50 per mile driven for the first 100 miles, and $0.20 for every mile traveled after that. If you need to travel 500 miles with this truck, how much money will you pay?
To start with, we should create an equation that represents the total cost for a certain number of miles traveled. The best way to do that is to break the information we have down into easily manageable pieces. The first piece of information we have is that there is a flat rate of $500 to rent the truck. There will always be a minimum charge of $500, even if we only drive one mile. Right off the bat, our equation for Rental Cost (RC) is: RC = $500 The second piece of information given to us is that there is another charge of $0.50 per mile driven for the first 100 miles. Since we are just trying to write an equation, we don't need to know how many miles we are driving. Instead, we can just call miles driven "x", and we know that x has a maximum value of 100 (because anything after that has a different cost" We know, therefore, that this first Mileage cost is equal to ($0.50)x, where x is the number of miles We know that we will always have to pay $500 for the truck, so we have to add the mileage cost to the cost of the truck to get the actual cost. Our new cost with the truck included is $500+($0.50)x. Finally, the third piece of information given is that for every mile after 100 miles, there is a $0.20 cost. Let us call the number of miles we drive after driving 100 miles "y". That’s a bit confusing, so to clarify: If we drive 90 miles, we never hit 100 miles, so y=0 (since we don't drive more than 100 miles). If we drive 100 miles, we still aren't driving more than 100 miles, so y still equals 0. If we drive 101 miles, however, we drive 1 mile after reaching 100 miles, so y=1. If we drive 150 miles, then we travel 50 more miles after reaching 100 miles, so y =50. Now that we have y clarified, we know that the cost after 100 miles is $0.20y. This is in addition to the cost of the truck and the first 100 miles, so we have to add all these numbers together to get the total cost. Total Cost (TC) = Cost of rental + mileage cost for first 100 miles + mileage cost for every mile after Using the numbers we figured out, we have: TC = $500+$0.50x+$0.20y Now that we have an equation written, we can solve for the cost if we drive 500 miles. The first thing to figure out is the variables. We are traveling 500 miles, and we know that x is 100 miles (because the charge only applies for the first 100 miles). This leaves us with 400 miles left, so y=400 (we travel an additional 400 miles after first traveling 100 miles). Plugging these numbers into our equation gives us: TC = $500+($0.50)(100)+($0.20)(400) Solving this out gives us: TC = $500+$50+$80 TC = $630 Our final cost is $630.
needs and Rob will reply soon.
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0.988219 |
Question: The famous Harbin Ice Festival is organized in which country?
The 35th edition of famous Harbin International Ice & Snow Sculpture Festival in China started on January 5th, 2019.The theme of the event is “20-year Grand Ceremony & Review”.
This is a month long festival featuring over 100 activities featuring nearly 100 programs, events & activities for ice and snow tourism, culture, fashion, trade and sports. This festival is said to be the largest ice and snow festival in the world. This festival began in 1963.
There are various snow sculptures erected in an area of 10 hectare on the frozen Songhua River.
Harbin is the capital of Heilongjiang province, and is the largest city in the northeastern region of the People’s Republic of China. Harbin receives heavy snowfall as well as severe winter and it is heralded as the Ice City for its well-known winter tourism and recreations.
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0.974204 |
Oversee and execute a social media strategy.
Manage, maintain and keep the organization's websites error free and up to date.
Improve key performance indicators such as reducing the website bounce rate, increasing dwell time or improving conversion and measure ROI.
Develop, evaluate and oversee the implementation of A/B testing protocols and procedures.
Organize and attend networking events to promote the company’s brand.
Assisting in the formulation of strategies to build a lasting digital connection with consumers.
Manage Graphic designers, content writing professionals and other vendors.
Improving the user experience on the company’s website (Includes design, content and usability).
Set up and execute email campaigns on CRM.
Reach out to influencers and media professionals to push the brand and get more visibility.
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0.654026 |
The Sam Wanamaker Playhouse is an indoor theatre forming part of Shakespeare's Globe, along with the Globe Theatre on Bankside, London. Built making use of 17th-century plans for an indoor theatre, the playhouse recalls the layout and style of the Blackfriars Theatre, although it is not an exact reconstruction. Its shell was built during the construction of the Shakespeare's Globe complex, notable for the reconstruction of the open-air Globe Theatre of the same period. The shell was used as a space for education workshops and rehearsals until enough money was raised to complete the playhouse. It opened in January 2014, named after Sam Wanamaker, the leading figure in the Globe's reconstruction.
The shell was intended to house a simulacrum of the sixteenth-century Blackfriars Theatre from the opposite side of the Thames, adapted as a playhouse in 1596 during Elizabeth's reign. The Lord Chamberlain's Men, Shakespeare's playing company, began to use it in 1608, five years into the Jacobean era.
As no reliable plans of the Blackfriars Theatre are known, the plan for the new theatre was based on drawings found in the 1960s at Worcester College, Oxford, at first thought to date from the early 17th century, and to be the work of Inigo Jones. The shell was built to accommodate a theatre as specified by the drawings, and the planned name was the Inigo Jones Theatre. In 2005, the drawings were dated to 1660 and attributed to John Webb. They nevertheless represent the earliest known plan for an English theatre, and are thought to approximate the layout of the Blackfriars Theatre. Some features believed to be typical of earlier in the 17th century were added to the new theatre's design.
The shell was initially used as a rehearsal space, and for education projects. On 24 February 2012 it was announced that the new theatre would be named the Sam Wanamaker Theatre, after the founder of the Shakespeare Globe Trust, and work on it would commence in October that year. It was also announced that the total cost would be £7 million, and that an anonymous donor had pledged £1 for every £1 the theatre itself raised, up to a maximum of £3 million.
The theatre was completed at a cost of £7.5 million. Designed by Jon Greenfield, in collaboration with Allies and Morrison, it is an oak structure built inside the building's brick shell. The thrust stage is surmounted by a musicians' gallery, and the theatre has an ornately painted ceiling. The seating capacity is 340, with benches in a pit and two horse-shoe galleries, placing the audience close to the actors. Shutters around the first gallery admit artificial daylight. When the shutters are closed, lighting is provided by beeswax candles mounted in sconces, as well as on six height-adjustable chandeliers and even held by the actors. The design incorporated extensive fire precautions.
Under the slightly revised name of the Sam Wanamaker Playhouse, the theatre's first production The Duchess of Malfi opened on 15 January 2014. In the winter 2015-16 season Shakespeare's four late tragicomic plays – Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winter's Tale and The Tempest – were staged.
^ a b c "Shakespeare's Globe Announces Plans to Build an Indoor Jacobean Theatre" (PDF) (Press release). Shakespeare's Globe. 20 January 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
^ a b c Williams, Holly (22 June 2013). "All the world's a stage (or two): Shakespeare's Globe to be joined by a candlelit indoor theatre". The Independent. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
^ "Innovation in the theatre: Old spaces and new globes". The Economist. 19 May 2005. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
^ Louise Jury (24 February 2012). "Globe theatre appeal … stage two". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 26 February 2012. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
^ a b c d Coveney, Michael (16 January 2014). "The Duchess of Malfi (Sam Wanamaker Playhouse)". What's On Stage. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
^ a b Moore, Rowan (12 January 2014). "Sam Wanamaker Playhouse – review". The Observer. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
^ Spencer, Charles (16 January 2014). "The Duchess of Malfi, Sam Wanamaker Playhouse, review". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
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0.975826 |
Hi I'm an expert in data structures and python programming. I'm sure that I can easily do this project. We can have a about it. Thanks..
Hey buddy, I specialise in Python programming for a range of uses. Mostly in deep learning applications. I'd be happy to help with whatever you need!
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0.997169 |
You should report a question if you think it's incorrect or if it's poorly written (including spelling mistakes or bad grammar). If you think the question is wrong be sure to double check the wording of the question and the specific rule it references, which in this case is 5.12.4. Until the great robot uprising, we're only human so mistakes happen. Thanks for helping!
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0.980632 |
I’m guessing I heard this advice many times in my life but it was only in the last 5 years I started adhering to it.
This advice has helped at many times in my life and particularly with dealing with my own mortality. I no longer spend hours laying in bed in a cold sweat worrying about death. It’s ok to care about the things you can’t control, but if you can’t change them, don’t waste energy obsessing over them.
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0.978955 |
Tardisodes are mini-episodes of the television programme Doctor Who, created to accompany the 2006 series of the programme. Made by Doctor Who producers BBC Wales, each Tardisode is approximately 60 seconds long and serves as an introduction to one of the actual 45-minute episodes. They were available on the BBC Doctor Who website free of charge, and on mobile phones by subscription. They were produced as an effort by the BBC to expand the reach of Doctor Who beyond the television series, and include footage not seen on television, and some back-story for the following episode. Their name is a portmanteau of the words TARDIS and "episode".
The first Tardisode, a prequel to "New Earth", was released by the BBC on 1 April 2006; it was promoted in the accompanying children's series Totally Doctor Who. New Tardisodes were released a week before each episode aired, directly after a new episode had finished airing on BBC 1. They were created by the same team that produced the interactive Doctor Who episode Attack of the Graske in 2005.
The Tardisodes were advertised on BBC 1. In the advert, the TARDIS is shown to be on an ice sheet. This imagery is similar to that used in the background of the homepage of the official Doctor Who website in the run-up to the start of Series 2. This advert was shown immediately after the transmission of many Series 2 episodes, coinciding with the release of the latest Tardisode for the next week's episode online and to mobile phones.
Downloads of the Tardisodes to mobile telephones were less popular than expected: around 40,000 downloads, averaging 3,000 per episode. Downloads to personal computers were much more common, with 2.6 million downloads. Iain Tweedale, new media editor for BBC Wales, suggested two reasons for the low number of telephone downloads: although the BBC provided the episodes free, most users had to pay a fee to their mobile network, and many telephones were not compatible with the broadcasts.
DVD producers 2|entertain did not include the Tardisodes on the series 2 DVD release.
In 2007, the BBC's annual report said of the Tardisodes that they "were not the hit we expected although they were popular on broadband", and this may be why they were discontinued after series 2.
No Tardisodes were produced for later series, although a similar series of prequels were released on the Doctor Who website to accompany selected episodes starting with series 6.
Mickey is at a computer, looking at a website of UFO sightings, but is then blocked by a notice referring to Torchwood. He picks up his phone and calls Rose while sorting through newspaper clippings, telling her that he needs her and the Doctor to investigate lights in the sky and strange goings on at a school. The Tardisode ends with a shot of a Krillitane screaming into the camera. Unlike most other Tardisodes, the main episode makes dialogue reference to the events of the prequel.
A woman in a suit tells a man, Captain Walker, about a black hole called "K37 Jem 5" which is orbited by a planet. The woman asks him to bring back the power source that is keeping the planet in orbit and become the "man who saved the Empire." When asked by Walker about how she found out about it, the woman produces a small book containing alien writing and what appears to be a map. The woman informs him it was found in the "Galis Expedition". Walker then passes the notebook to someone standing behind him. It appears the location Walker needs to go to is on the other side of the galaxy, and the woman informs him that all they have to go on is the map and "local myths", but reassures him that it's superstition, and Walker will have a "top class" ship and crew. Finally the woman wishes Walker luck, and Walker leaves, passing the person to whom he handed the notebook, an Ood, who simply says "And the Beast shall rise from the pit."
This Tardisode appears to be in the style of a fictional Crimewatch-style program called Crime Crackers. The presenter is on a London street, as he tells the viewers that a young boy called Dale Hicks and a young girl called Jane McEllen have gone missing, with the police having no idea where they are, followed by an encouragement from the presenter for the viewers to phone in and give information (to a 19-digit telephone number), at the same time revealing the road to be "Dame Kelly Holmes Close" (and the local authority to be "East London Council"). The scene then changes to a cupboard in a dark room, which suddenly bangs open to reveal a pair of red glowing eyes. A voice rasps "I'm coming..."
The Tardisode is in the form of an emergency news broadcast. A female news reporter informs the viewer that the country is in a State of Emergency. The Tardisode then cuts to amateur-style footage of the Cyberman invasion, with cars exploding, people running and screaming and other scenes of destruction and terror. We return to the newsroom, and the reporter behind the desk informs us that they have lost contact with the government, and if anyone is still watching to run as fast as they can. The graphic behind her changes to the footage from earlier, and the transmission is met with interference, and the studio begins exploding around her. The reporter also addresses her own parents to flee from the Cybermen. Finally, she cowers under her desk as we hear the unmistakable sound of Daleks enter the room, proclaiming "We are the Masters of Earth." "Daleks conquer and destroy!" finally ending the Tardisode with a Dalek yelling "Exterminate!", who said it before killing the female news reporter.
In an interview with Noel Clarke for Totally Doctor Who, he revealed that his hair was noticeably shorter during the filming of Tardisode 3 than in the episode it accompanied, "School Reunion". For this reason, to maintain continuity, he wears a hat for the duration of the Tardisode.
Images of the Doctor are shown in two of the shorts. In Tardisode 10 a drawing of him is seen on a computer; in Tardisode 12 he appears in drawings and in an antique photograph.
Tardisode 12 references "Tooth and Claw" and "The Christmas Invasion".
Before a Tardisode, the time vortex is briefly seen. If the main episode is set in the past, the vortex is blue and if the main episode is set in the present or future, the vortex is red.
A new set was built for Tardisode 4.
Tardisode 8 was filmed entirely in the BBC Wales Canteen.
^ a b Bulkley, Kate (16 October 2006). "'Tardisode' audience fails to materialise". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 16 October 2006.
^ "IBC Daily Sunday 10 September 2006; Conference Analysis: New forms of interaction". International Broadcasting Convention. 10 September 2006. Archived from the original on 1 October 2006. Retrieved 11 September 2006.
"Doctor Who TARDISODES - travel with the Time Lord" (Press release). BBC. 30 March 2006. Archived from the original on 19 June 2006. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
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0.999564 |
Review: "Harrison, David: Hum" - Sea of Tranquility - The Web Destination for Progressive Music!
Inspired by Nick Drake, singer/songwriter David Harrison is creating a stir in his native Liverpool � and it's easy to hear why on his debut, Hum. His dusty vocals set against pretty, laid-back soundscapes often consisting of little more than acoustic guitars and minimal programming, effectively create alternatiing musical moods via catchy tunes like "Lost in the Ocean" and "Luminous Circles" and more-reflective pieces such as "Maganda Khar" and "Megan." Elsewhere, "It's Not Your Scene" and "She Loves the Sun" outright (and unexpectedly) rock, and "Lucky Clover" boasts a progressive flute arrangement that reveals Harrison's prog and psychedelic influences. When Harrison is not taking an overtly direct lyrical approach, as he does on "Get Out of My Hair," Hum wallows in sort of an eerie and mysterious otherworld that may appeal to fans of softer progressive music who favor structure over experimentation. Spin this one during some of your quieter moments; for better or for worse, it's guaranteed to alter your mood.
I rate this album a 5 star - top quality recording. Very soulful with beautiful melodies. I can hardly wait for his new EP 'Creative Garden' coming this Fall!
superb!...dulcet tones with infectious melodies and overall spirited..
A great Liverpool underground album.
This is an excellent album, reflects the music of Liverpool at the moment!
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0.940446 |
Jennifer Rose loves children very much and she works as a babysitter now. Your task is to help Jenny to take care about kids, satisfy their wishes and needs, also you need to give some time to Jennifer's boyfriend who comes to visit her with flowers. But don't forget about the children while flirting with the boyfriend.
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0.999494 |
How many songs should be on an album?
Something to consider when releasing a new album, is how many songs you should have on it. You should think quality versus quantity. Choosing the right songs is a crucial step for your release.
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0.999996 |
Are courts relying too much on “junk science”?
The criminal justice system often relies on forensic evidence to convict or acquit the accused, but some legal experts say many forensic techniques, including bite-mark, ballistic and hair analysis, lack scientific credibility. Even when forensic methods, such as DNA analysis, are scientifically valid, they often have error rates far higher than juries are led to believe. Prosecutors, however, defend forensic methods as reliable and proven by long-standing practice. They worry that if forensics is undermined, convicting criminals will be much harder. Still, both sides agree that the methodology behind many forensic tools can be strengthened by improving the underlying science. In Texas, which was once heavily criticized for weak oversight of forensic practices, a newly reorganized commission is working to improve forensic science in the state. Meanwhile, the FBI is reconsidering its hair-analysis standards following a scandal that triggered a massive post-conviction review of 2,500 cases in which the agency's lab provided sometimes flawed hair-matching evidence.
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