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How would you advise a person to succeed in accomplishing personal, career, or learning goals based on what you’ve learned about attention, spaced repetition, and habit formation? Based on the information presented on selective attention, spaced repetition, and habit formation (located in chapters 4-7 of the webtext), summarize each concept and identify one principle of success for each concept related to accomplishing learning, career, or personal goals. In addition, explain how you have experienced each of these principles working in your life or how you plan to apply them to meeting your own personal or career goals.
1. One principle of success related to the concept of selective attention.
a. State one principle of success related to selective attention in one sentence.
2. One principle of success related to the concept of spaced repetition (or the spacing effect).
a. State one principle of success related to spaced repetition in one sentence.
3. One principle of success related to the concept of habit formation.
a. State one principle of success related to habit formation in one sentence.
Describe the differences between growth and fixed mindsets and apply mindsets to personal experiences.
Apply behaviorist psychology principles to describe how humans learn and develop habits.
Identify and reflect on how personal responsibility for actions affects outcomes.
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0.9408 |
Wins for Glasgow City, Spartans and Hibernian as Celtic draw against Motherwell.
Hibernian maintained their unbeaten start to the season at the expense of Rangers, Glasgow City put seven past Forfar Farmington, while Motherwell held Celtic to a scoreless draw in East Kilbride.
The points were shared at K-Park as Celtic's clash against newly-promoted side Motherwell finished goalless. The hosts were without Sarah Ewens, and Josephine Giard started on the bench.
Celtic had a couple of chances to take the lead in the second half, including two opportunities from Natalie Ross and Kathleen McGovern, but failed to capitalise.
Katie Rice and Mhairi Fyfe had a couple of chances to score for Motherwell, but the visitors were unable to get on the scoresheet, and the match ended in a scoreless draw.
Hibernian ended Rangers' unbeaten start to the season with a comfortable 4–0 win at Ainslie Park. The SWPL 1 leaders broke the deadlock in the 32nd minute when Lia Tweedie got on the end of a Lauren Davidson cross.
Tweedie doubled her tally in the 41st minute with a header following a Rachael Small corner, and Hibernian went into the break with a comfortable two-goal lead.
Tweedie completed her hat-trick in the 57th minute when she got on the end of a Chelsea Cornet cross. Siobhan Hunter then wrapped up the three points for the home side in the 67th minute, when she slotted home a low cross from substitute Colette Cavanagh.
Glasgow City continued their scoring form in the SWPL 1 with a 7–0 victory against Forfar Farmington at Station Park. The opening goal came in the 36th minute, courtesy of an own goal by Kayleigh Brough following a cross by Nicola Docherty.
The visitors doubled their lead through Republic of Ireland international Clare Shine in the 55th minute, and just four minutes later Forfar failed to clear a corner and Jordan McLintock was there to fire home from inside the box to make it 3–0.
It was four for City on 69 minutes as Shine grabbed herself a second goal after Forfar failed to clear another corner. Forfar goalkeeper Fiona McNicoll then pulled off a good save in 80th minute to temporarily deny Shine her hat-trick, but the ball came out to Joanne Love who lobbed it over the keeper and into the back of the net.
Shine finally got her third in the 87th minute, but the scoring was not yet over, and Carly Girasoli scored City's seventh from a Leanne Ross corner in stoppage time.
Four games, four losses for Stirling University. The visitors took the lead after just two minutes through Kaela McDonald-Nguah.
Despite having the majority of possession in the first half, the second Spartans goal came in the 52nd minute, when Ronaigh Douglas floated in a free-kick and Michaela McAlonie flicked the ball on for Tegan Reynolds, who headed it home.
The third and final goal came in the 70th minute, courtesy of an own goal by Jessica Murphy.
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0.999262 |
Why does the gross profit percentage shown on my business Profit and Loss report change from year to year, if the profit markup I use remains constant? You are right to be concerned, and Richard Shank points out six problem possibilities you should consider.
Richard Shank serves as a business advisor for Anabaptist Financial. He has over 30 years of business experience, and has participated in owning and managing four businesses. Richard also serves on various non-profit ventures including President of Christian Light Publications, Inc.
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0.999462 |
Continuation of my previous post about RDBMS, here is a summary of the relational database and RDBMS advantages from various sources.
A Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is a software system that provides access to a relational database. The software system is a collection of software applications that can be used to create, maintain, manage and use the database. A "relational database" is a database structured on the "relational" model. Data are stored and presented in a tabular format, organized in rows and columns with one record per row.
A relational database is one of the most popular ways to store large amounts of data. The method in which the data is organized in a relational database makes it much easier for users to understand that data. It allows information to be easily grouped or compared by type, such as year or name.
A relational database acts as a collection of several separate lists of related information from which data can be extracted. According to the online journal Phyloinformatics, relational database design provides better speed, a more flexible size and higher efficiency than other types of databases. The power of a relational database is that you can continue to add and retrieve data for the duration of a project. Relational databases lend themselves to diverse financial, scientific and marketing uses, given their flexibility and robust data structure.
The table format is simple and easy for database users to understand and use. RDBMSs provide data access using a natural structure and organization of the data. Database queries can search any column for matching entries.
RDBMSs allow multiple database users to access a database simultaneously. Built-in locking and transactions management functionality allow users to access data as it is being changed, prevents collisions between two users updating the data, and keeps users from accessing partially updated records.
Authorization and privilege control features in an RDBMS allow the database administrator to restrict access to authorized users, and grant privileges to individual users based on the types of database tasks they need to perform. Authorization can be defined based on the remote client IP address in combination with user authorization, restricting access to specific external computer systems.
RDBMSs provide access to the database through a server daemon, a specialized software program that listens for requests on a network, and allows database clients to connect to and use the database. Users do not need to be able to log in to the physical computer system to use the database, providing convenience for the users and a layer of security for the database. Network access allows developers to build desktop tools and Web applications to interact with databases.
The relational database model is not the fastest data structure. RDBMS advantages, such as simplicity, make the slower speed a fair trade-off. Optimizations built into an RDBMS, and the design of the databases, enhance performance, allowing RDBMSs to perform more than fast enough for most applications and data sets. Improvements in technology, increasing processor speeds and decreasing memory and storage costs allow systems administrators to build incredibly fast systems that can overcome any database performance shortcomings.
RDBMSs feature maintenance utilities that provide database administrators with tools to easily maintain, test, repair and back up the databases housed in the system. Many of the functions can be automated using built-in automation in the RDBMS, or automation tools available on the operating system.
RDBMSs support a generic language called "Structured Query Language" (SQL). The SQL syntax is simple, and the language uses standard English language keywords and phrasing, making it fairly intuitive and easy to learn. Many RDBMSs add non-SQL, database-specific keywords, functions and features to the SQL language.
Relational databases offer a wide array of functions that create advanced data manipulation techniques. They support relational algebra as well as set operations. This includes operations to select, join and divide. Many of these operations are possible only with relational databases. This data manipulation is possible with the use of queries, generally in Structured Query Language (SQL), to manage the data and give users the information they are looking for.
Efficiency is one of the benefits to a relational database. Because of the ways in which data can be compared and combined, each piece of data needs to be saved in only one place. This is related to the process of normalizing the database, which eliminates the need for duplicate data. Since each piece of data is saved in only one location, it is much easier and quicker to update. The language used to create the database, SQL, can also validate date entry.
Because relational databases are highly customizable, users can present data in any way they wish. One of the most important concepts of the database is known as a view. Although the data is stored in tables, which may never change attributes, users can customize or delete a view easily without affecting the data. Views manipulate the data to present the important pieces that users would like to see, while removing the unnecessary data that is not used. This is similar to copying and pasting the important parts of documents into one file.
Both in the number of records, or rows, and the number of fields, a database can be enlarged to enhance its usability. Whether a relational database is complex or simple, the size is scalable. Records can be added over time. The flexible structure also allows the addition of new fields not anticipated in the initial database design. By adding records and fields, the size of the database can be increased for a particular project.
The relational database inherently lacks duplication. Data entry is streamlined because the user enters and stores a particular bit of information only once. This allows for less data entry, which minimizes data entry errors. The design eliminates inconsistencies in data retrieval and formatting.
The streamlined design of a relational database allows for generation of metadata, or data about data. For example, the user can generate statistics about the frequency that a value occurs in the table.
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0.973472 |
Display icons Hi. I have lost my Nikon handbook and I don't know what the display icons mean.
On main option of picture taking,, I get a red flashing hand, and flash doesen't work ... Using scene just makes pics blurry... How do I get it back to normal??? On main option of picture taking,, I get a red flashing hand, and flash doesen't work ... Using scene just makes pics blurry... How do I get it back to normal???
You will probably find a complete explanation of the various icons and their meanings in the helpful little booklet known as the camera manual. Without knowing which icon it is, and the circumstances when it happens, there is little advice we can offer.
This could mean exactly what it says...that your memory card is full and pictures need to be downloaded to your computer. If you've already done that, it may mean that you did not tell the computer to erase the pictures from your card.
If that's the problem you should be able to fix it by formatting the card. You can do that from the menu(little wrench icon) or by pressing and holding down the "delete" button (trash can icon on back of camera) and the "metering" button (to the left of the off/on switch) on the top of the camera. Both buttons are marked with "format" symbols.
If neither of these works, try replacing the card with a new one that is known to be empty and known to work.
The final alternative is to contact Nikon tech support at www.nikon.com and see what they advise.
Set the date and time by using the "Date" command in the Setup menu.
I cant change my language setting, its appear in chinese language. can u help me how to change in english now. I lost ma manual instruction book too.
Press the MENU button display the menu screen. Use cursor-down to select the toolbox icon and press * at the center of the cursor pad. Use cursor-up/down to select the wrench-and-hammer icon, then select the second item on the submenu.
I'm supposing by eyepiece you mean the rubber or plastic eyecup. The eyepiece is the whole unit that contains the lens. Nikon has a service center in many countries. If you have one in your country then they can order the part. I have ordered from Nikon. They find the part number if you tell them your model and can email you an order form. Alternately Binoculars.com is very good to deal with as is Adorama Camera in New York. Both will sell internationally.
For the first time I used black & white film in my nikon F80.The display stays on number one, frame.I don"t know if the film has wound on. Thanks.
try inserting the film again.
a peice fell off of the back cover connector. it is a pain to put this peice back on if you can find it.
Nikon Coolpix S3 camera does not get any camera input, even though the lense cover is open. the screen/menu's for the camera are ok. resetting and reformatting made no change. could this be a sensor problem? I do not get any bad mechanical sounds, so i get the feeling machanical things are ok.
Have a manual for Nikon Coolpix S3 Digital Camera?
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0.941736 |
Celebramos el Carnaval de Düsseldorf y de Vechta junto a los príncipes del carnaval, sus miembros de honor y más de 60 personas del comité de fiestas, quienes se desplazaron especialmente hasta Tenerife con la primera Teniente de Alcalde de Düsseldorf, Dra. Marie Agnes Strack – Zimmermann, para festejar estas fiestas en Puerto de la Cruz, como lo vienen haciendo hace más de 20 años.
Los 60 miembros del comité del carnaval germano visitaron el municipio en el marco del programa de hermanamiento con la ciudad portuense para promocionar y compartir esta costumbre festiva con todos los canarios. Asimismo, recorrieron el parque tocando sus instrumentos y vestidos con sus trajes típicos llenos de brillo y color.
Durante el almuerzo, los asistentes fueron agasajados con la actuación sorpresa de la comparsa Son Bahía, integrada por vecinos de Punta Brava.
Tras el almuerzo se procedió al reparto de medallas a los visitantes, quienes cantaron y bailaron al son de los ritmos del carnaval, que en el caso alemán, se remonta al medioevo. En este carnaval o Karneval, que adquiriría su esplendor en el siglo XVII, se festejaba la marcha del invierno y servía de preámbulo para la llegada de la Cuaresma con ruido, caretas y disfraces, en lo que entonces era un pueblo pesquero. El invierno era encarnado por un joven cubierto de paja al que simbólicamente se echaba del pueblo. Esa victoria se festejaba con música, manjares, danzas y bromas, el origen de lo que aquí hoy se disfruta como uno de los carnavales más concurridos y bulliciosos de Europa.
Im Loro Parque gab es kürzlich Nachwuchs bei den großen Tümmlern im Delphinbecken. Diese Geburt ist ein wichtiges Ereignis, auf das der Park sehr stolz ist. Belegt sie doch einmal mehr, dass sich die Tiere im Loro Parque und dem eigens für sie kreierten Delphinarium sehr wohl fühlen. Fortpflanzung bei Tieren in Gefangenschaft ist immer ein wichter Indikator für das Wohlbefinden der Tiere.
A bottlenose dolphin baby has been born in the Dolphinarium, which was specifically created by Loro Parque for these marine mammals. The park is thrilled to announce this birth, as it is a major milestone for the park’s breeding programme and the most important indicator to confirm once again, its high level of animal welfare.
Sanibel, a 31 year old dolphin has recently given birth to a little baby female weighing 40 kilos and developing well in what is now her third month. Ilse has been constantly monitored by Loro Parque’s team of vets and trainers. Moments after her birth, which lasted for six hours, Ilse barely measured one meter, but she swam instinctively toward the surface to take her first breath. From that precious moment, she has been breastfed in the same area, swimming in synchronisation with her mother at all times.
Sanibel, una hembra de 31 años de edad, ha dado a luz a hembra que supera ahora los 40 kilos de peso y que se viene desarrollando con fortaleza en su segundo mes de vida, tiempo en el que está siendo observada por el equipo de veterinarios y entrenadores del parque. Momentos después de nacer y tras 6 horas de parto, la pequeña cría que supera ligeramente el metro de largo, nadó instintivamente hacia la superficie para efectuar su primera respiración y desde el momento de nacer permanece junto a su madre en la piscina médica, donde es amamantada y nada sincronizadamente con ella en todo momento.
¡Bienvenida al mundo pequeña Ilse!
Der Loro Parque kooperiert mit der Universität St. Andrews in der Erforschung der Bioakustik der Wale und stellt für die gesamte internationale Wissenschaftsgemeinde alle Aufnahmen von Morgans Lauten zur Verfügung. Sie wurde vom holländischen Delfinarium Harderwijk gerettet und nach der Entscheidung des holländischen Gerichts zum Loro Parque gebracht. Die registrierten Laute von Morgan, die seit ihrer Ankunft auf Teneriffa aufgenommen werden, auch während ihres Eingewöhnungsprozesses in OrcaOcean, erlauben es die Forschungen des vokalen Verhaltens weiterzuführen, die nach ihrer Rettung begonnen wurden. Weiterhin kann darüber die erfolgreiche Integration dieses Exemplares in die Orca-Gruppe des Loro Parque bewertet werden..
Nun kam Dr. Filipa Samarra, die Spezialistin für Bioakustik vom Scottish Oceans Insitute in St. Andrews, speziell nach Teneriffa, um die Einrichtungen des Loro Parque zu besuchen. Sie führt das Forschungsprojekt weiter, das sich mit der Untersuchung der Veränderung von Morgans Dialekt während ihres Eingewöhnungsprozesses in ihrer neuen Familie beschäftigt. Hierbei ist hervorzuheben, dass Dr. Samarra Morgan seit ihrer Rettung in Harderwijk sehr gut kennt. Sie war die verantwortliche Wissenschaftlerin, die Morgans Dialekt mithilfe der existierenden Register von Orcas aus dem Nordatlantik verglich, um so ihre Familie zu finden. Unglücklicherweise gelang dies auch nach zwei Studien nicht. Filippa Samarra hob hervor, dass das Tier “sehr aktiv ist und im sozialen Umgang mit den anderen Exemplaren steht und daher auch die charakteristischen Kratzspuren aufweist, die bei den sozialen Interaktionen mit den anderen Individuen entstehen und die so auch bei den Wildpopulationen zu beobachten sind”..
Little more than two months after her arrival to Tenerife, Morgan has been fully integrated into the research programme carried out by Loro Parque Foundation (LPF) and the Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St. Andrews in Scotland. In the scope of this programme, Dr. Filipa Samarra, a bioacoustics expert from St. Andrews, has recently visited the facilities of Loro Parque in order to carry on with her study on the evolution of Morgan’s dialect during her adaptation process to the rest of the killer whale group. Dr. Samarra has explained that killer whales are the only known species whose individuals can modify their dialect once acquired, while the rest only communicates with invariable dialects. During her visit to Tenerife, Dr. Samarra also offered a presentation of her experience in bioacoustics to researchers and postgraduate students of Physics and Biology at La Laguna University (ULL), where she explained further details of her previous studies on the dialects of the North Atlantic killer whale populations.
LPF and St. Andrews cooperate with each other in cetacean bioacoustic research projects and have put at the disposal of the international research community all the recordings of the killer whale Morgan, rescued by the Dolphinarium of Hardewijk and moved to Loro Parque, as ordered by a Dutch judge. These vocal recordings, which began when Morgan first came to Tenerife and were extended throughout her adaptation process, allow researchers to continue with the studies started after the rescue, as well as to acknowledge her successful integration into the Loro Parque killer whale group. .
Dr. Filippa Samarra knows Morgan very well as she was in charge of comparing Morgan’s vocal recordings to the ones she had previously collected of different North Atlantic killer whale populations. She conducted two different research studies aimed at finding her family, which were unfortunately unsuccessful.
Dr. Filippa Samarra declared that the animal “is very active and relates with the rest of the group, presenting the typical scratches of the social interaction with other fellow killer whales, as also observed in wild populations”.
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I'm trying to start a social movement of sorts. When you finish your ramen, don't waste the soup. Order rice, scoop the soup on the rice, and make a sort of ramen risotto. It's heaven!
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user warning: Table './drupal_tuner/comments' is marked as crashed and should be repaired query: SELECT COUNT(*) FROM comments c WHERE c.nid = 22288 AND c.status = 0 in /srv/www/www3.siba.fi/modules/comment/comment.module on line 992.
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In windows - http://www.Dict.cc/englisch-deutsch/windows.html environment, if you are using the dongle for the first time, you need to import the information about the master lock first. The import procedure can refer to the documentation and use the master lock .doc for the first time. The encryption procedure can refer to a quick shell encryption .exe under the file.
The parameter INPUT_FILE in the envconfig.cfgx file is the file path that needs to be encrypted, OUTPUT_FILE is the path where the encrypted file is stored, and VENDOR_CODE is the vendor code string required by the encryption software. He is in /root/Aladdin/HASP SRM 3.50/VendorCodes/DEMOMA. In hvc, copy him over on the line.
Https://www.wendangwang.com/doc/linuxenv -c:envconfig.cfgx , when you see 100.0% done! is successful encryption.
The encrypted jar files in the windows environment are put into the linux environment. You need to add the encrypted running shared libraries in the java operating environment of the linux machine. The so file, which is divided into 32-bit and 64-bit depending on the number of bits in the Linux machine, responds to the .so file and I'm ready. See the folder so file for details.
libHASPJava_x86_64.so. Run Get.jar in the linux environment, the command is java -jar Get.jar, you can view java is the time running environment parameters, namely java.library.path, will. The so file can be placed in this path.
In the Windows environment, if the system is reinstalled or the system crashes, it will lead to the loss of information such as the product number and user information that we have previously encrypted. HASP is built based on the sqlserver2005 database. We achieve this by backing up database data. The purpose of restoring the encryption software. Backup and restore can refer to the file under the bussiness server backup and transplantation.exe.
If you liked this article and you would like to acquire additional data relating to backup usb to image - http://wallpaperpyxis.com/profile/fuotherese9 kindly go to the website.
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4. Blue Third Blues- Page 22- mm=96. Learn the new piano solo from recording below. Then, compose your own piano solo over the same bass line, using the chord tones and the "blue note." Practice the original line, then the line from the recording, then your own solo you composed.
1. Practice up to measure 28 on page 2 up to mark, hands separately first, then put together, counting out loud. Be very careful with fingerings and counting. Add metronome when ready.
2. Whole first page, hands together, with metronome, mm=120.
3. Blue Third Blues- Page 22- mm=96. Learn the new piano solo from recording below. Then, compose your own piano solo over the same bass line, using the chord tones and the "blue note."
3. Blue Third Blues- Page 22- mm=96. Then, improvise over the same bass line, using the chord tones and the "blue note."
3) Jazz Punctuations: Attached. Do # 1-4. Keep it slow and watch your right hand pattern.
1. Practice 1st 8 measures of page 2 up to mark, hands separately first, then put together, counting out loud. Be very careful with fingerings and counting.
3. Blue Third Blues- Page 22- Learn right hand with new bass line. Count out loud 1+a 2+a 3+a 4+a to get it.
5. Melody in right, stride in left, metronome when ready.
1. Practice 1st four measures of page 2, hands separately first, then put together, counting out loud. Be very careful with fingerings and counting.
5. Melody in right, chords in left, metronome when ready.
2. Whole first page, hands together, with metronome, mm=150.
3. Practice new boogie bass line with different right hand parts from earlier lessons, as well as improv in right hand.
6. Practice right hand, whole song. Be very careful with staccatos and slurs, counting out loud, no metronome.
1. Whole first page, hands together, slowly. Practice 1st 2 measures of page 2, hands separately first, then put together.
3. Practice new boogie bass line with left hand and chord rhythm in right. mm= 84 to start, build to mm=112. Remember the turn around at the end and remember the metronome!
Beginner's Boogie- page 18- Practice new boogie bass line with left hand and chord rhythm in right.
2. Second line- hands separately, counting. Then, learn hands together on your own!
1. Beginner's Blues- page 15- learn to play with new bass line on page 16, Fig. 112(a). Add metronome when ready.
2. Beginner's Blues- page 15- practice improv over the original bass line. mm=108 or faster.
3. Beginner's Boogie- page 18- Practice new boogie bass line with left hand and add metronome when ready.
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0.966842 |
In the table below, we see the health outcomes for the Seychelles in 2016 as well as the values for the country's continent and the world.
In the second table we see the health spending in the Seychelles as well as the average values for the continent and the world. The health spending per capita in the Seychelles is 491.82 USD. The country spends 3.39 percent of its GDP on health. For comparison, the average spending across countries is 6.76 percent.
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0.955478 |
I'm a mechanical engineer, not a computer scientist, so I can't tell you exactly how to do this project, but I hope I can clarify some of the terminology and point you in the right direction.
First, the words "Artificial Intelligence" get thrown around a lot and the definition may change depending on who you ask. In general everyday language, people might expect "AI" to mean robots from movies like Terminator, Star Wars, and Transformers - machines that can think and feel just like humans. Obviously those don't exist in the real world (yet!). More practically, many people do use AI to refer to computer programs that are "hard-coded" and do not "learn from nothing" like you described. For example, we commonly refer to enemy characters in video games as "AI," but a human programmed their behavior, they did not learn it (otherwise the AI in every video game you played would start out totally dumb and very easy to beat). So, for purposes of this project, I think it would be acceptable to write a program to play tic-tac-toe against a human, using an algorithm that you came up with and coded yourself.
If you DO want to go the "learning" route, you will need to do more research on terms like "machine learning" and "genetic algorithms" or "evolutionary algorithms." There are lots of examples online of people doing this with classic video games. This is similar to what you described. For example in a Mario game, an AI might measure its progress from how far it can make it through the level before dying. It will start out "dumb" by just randomly pressing controller buttons. Over time, it will notice that certain sequences of buttons get it farther through the level than others, and it will start pressing those buttons instead of doing it randomly. You could take a similar approach with tic-tac-toe. For example (say the human is O's), at first the computer might always place an X randomly. After 100 games, it might notice that "the game lasts longer if I place the first X next to the first O" (no idea if that's true, just making it up as an example), and then use that information to change its behavior. Programming something like that would be much more complicated, so if that is beyond your comfort level, I would stick with the hard-coded approach for now. Since you are only a freshman, you'll have plenty of time to learn more about programming and maybe try a more advanced version of the project in a year or two.
If you do have to stick with scientific method, then there are ways to think of variables for this (for example, write two different programs and compare their win rates against human players).
At any rate, in regards to the second part of your question about what should be your independent, dependent, and control variables, Using one of the example you provided: the amount of rounds played until my artificial intelligence begins to win or tie with the player," you could have an experiment where your algorithm is tweaked to figure out what strategy will work best to achieve the fewest amount of rounds.
3. Strategy 3: Have the algorithm aim for the "tie strategy" move every time.
Hopefully, this gives you some idea on how to proceed.
Ok I understand both propositions and appreciate the feedback! I have decided to pursue the idea of true AI being that it learns on its own, however, the machine learning/genetic algorithm idea is going to screw me over, to be honest with you. I am very very thankful that two helpful people have put forth their contributions and I just need a bit more information as to where I should go to learn how to develop a genetic learning algorithm for this AI. I have actually always been interested in genetic algorithms and machine learning, but have never attempted to write a program of the sort myself. If anyone has any guidance or suggestions to push me in the right direction, please feel free to help me out! Thanks a ton!
I also apologize for not responding sooner, school has been demanding and I did not think to check back on this forum. Thanks so and very much again! One more thing, I will ask my teacher if he will accept an engineering design process experiment but I am afraid he will be confused or dislike the idea of doing a different sort of experiment from the rest. I also have until the 12th of December to complete my data table and graph, so based on those added factors, how might I integrate this engineering method into my project over the scientific method? Anyways, thanks again very much!
1. Initialization - You are going to need to generate a table with all the possible solutions to the Tic-Tac-Toe game play. That would be your "population"
4. Termination - Once you achieve the desired win rate, you can terminate the learning portion of the program.
Now, in regards to integrating this engineering portion into the scientific method, you will still need to come up with a hypothesis. For example, why do you deploy a certain selection criteria? Once you have framed that question, you can then design the rest of the experiment to answer it.
I hope that helps. Please let us know if we can help with anything else.
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In 1965, Gordon Moore predicted that processing power should double every eighteen months.1 Traditionally, this rapid growth has been achieved by shrinking distances between transistors and shortening the distance that information needs to pass through.1 However, the miniaturization of processors and transistors will soon reach a physical barrier.2 With this knowledge, researchers have begun searching for new computing systems that take different approaches to achieving greater efficiency. Many possible computing models have been explored, including optical computing, quantum computing, and perhaps most interestingly, biological computing.
Advances in biological computing foreshadow a massive revolution in computing technologies by removing physical limitations, improving parallel processing, increasing energy efficiency, and reducing toxicity.1 First, while traditional computational development has relied upon reducing the sizes of and distances between transistors, techniques that will soon face physical limitations, biological computing rapidly increases speed by using more effective parallel processing, which is able to perform 100 times more operations per second than conventional measures.1 Second, biological computing is more energy efficient, relying on energy stored chemically in ATP instead of conventional energy supplies.1 Third, the use of biological components greatly reduces the price and toxicity of computing components, as most biological components are readily available and non-toxic.1 And lastly, biological computing allows for a completely new approach to problem solving: rather than approaching problems sequentially like traditional computers, biological computing is a unique data structure focused upon parallel operations.4 Revolutionizing the computing industry would have groundbreaking impacts in all fields of science, research, technology, and society since computers are crucial for scientific advancement for all scientific and engineering fields.
The decreased toxicity, increased availability, and greater energy efficiency of biological computers may lead to massive benefits for the environment. Traditional computers are major contributors to our carbon footprint; by 2020, the carbon emissions from data centers and Internet services is expected to increase four-fold, surpassing even the carbon footprint of the aviation industry.5 In addition, the production of traditional computers requires enormous amounts of natural resources. A single silicon chip requires 1.6 kilograms of fossil fuels, 72 grams of chemicals, and 32 kilograms of water to manufacture, which is all together over 700 times the weight of the final product.6 The disposal of traditional computers is further complicated by the heavy metals they contain, especially lead, mercury, and cadmium, which can easily leak into and contaminate the environment.6 By replacing the need for silicon and other inorganic materials with readily available organic materials, biological computing can help reduce resource strain. Furthermore, the decreased toxicity allows for safer production, storage, and disposal than silicon-based computers. Finally, the improved energy efficiency of biological computing can allow for a decrease in global energy consumption, reducing the strain on fossil fuels and decreasing the amount of pollutants released into the environment due to energy production. This could help reduce damage to ecosystems, decrease biodiversity loss due to toxicity, and combat climate change by decreasing energy consumption.
In addition to advancing computing, biological computing also allows for unprecedented advances in medicine and biology by allowing closer integration with living material. Biological data is already used to control the chemicals synthesized by various organisms; the development of organic data processing and memory storage greatly compounds this synergy.1 As demonstrated by the earlier research done by Shapiro on cancer diagnoses and treatment, biological computers could provide a means to treat and diagnose genetically based illnesses from within living organisms.1 For instance, Adamatzky Aki, a leading researcher in DNA computing, has suggested the use of a biological implant to detect and treat breast cancer.3 In addition, biological computing could be used to link silicon-based computing and living organisms. Studies on eels have demonstrated that living things can be linked to robots and controlled, providing the ability for humans to study organisms in unprecedented ways and allowing for advances in interactive prosthetics.1 Biological computing could also allow the introduction of computing in harsher natural environments by mimicking the adaptive strategies of resilient life-forms.3 Overall, these advantages could radically change our ability to garner data for a variety of fields, including biology, animal behavior, and studies in extreme environments. In addition, intimate integration with biological tissue could revolutionize the treatment of cancer and other diseases, transform health care, and pave the way for artificially constructed or controlled organisms that create new opportunities in fields ranging from farming to prosthetics.
1. Fulk, Kevin. “Biological computing.” ISRC Future Technology Topic Brief. 2002.
2. Junnarkar, Sandeep. “Tomorrow’s Tech: The Domino Effect.” CNET News. October 24, 2002.
3. Baer Adam. “Why living cells are the future of data processing.” PopSci. November 5, 2012.
4. Tagore, Somnath; Bhattacharya, Saurav; Islam, Ataul; Islam, Lutful. “DNA Computation: Applications and Perspectives.” Journal of Proteomics & Bioinformatics. June 29, 2010: 234-243.
5. Kanter, James. “The Computer Age and its Carbon Footprint.” New York Times. June 13, 2008.
6. Locklear, Fred. “The Environmental Impact of Computing.” Ars Technica. Nov. 12, 2002.
Brandon Yang is a student at The Harker School. Follow The Triple Helix Online on Twitter and join us on Facebook.
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Do you know the first question I get when I teach on Islam’s long history of war and killing? Most people ask me, “Doesn’t Christianity have a long history of war and killing too? Isn’t it just like Islam?” The answer is yes and no. Yes, Christians have killed in the past. Yes, they have waged war against other people. Yes, their history is marred by events like the Crusades and the Spanish Inquisition. But, no, it’s not just like Islam. In fact, it’s very different.
Take, for example, the Old Testament wars. God typically used wars as an act of judgment upon a sinful and guilty nation, not as a method of expanding the Jewish nation. Indeed, God judged sin regardless of who committed it. While God used the Jews as an instrument of judgment against the guilty Canaanite nation, He was also willing to use Israel’s enemies as an agent of judgment against the guilty Jews. God was, and is, an equal opportunity judge. In Islam, however, Mohammed used war as a means of defeating his enemies. The Muslims were always characterized as the good guys, fighting anyone who opposed their “noble” cause.
It’s also important to recognize there is no theology that makes the war and killing of the Old Testament normative for Christians in any era. The biblical text, in Old Testament examples, is descriptive, not prescriptive. No denomination or school of thought currently exists that advocates military action as an appropriate means of evangelism.
The Qur’an, on the other hand, not only describes the countless battles Mohammed engaged in, but prescribes a model of how to behave today. Abul A’la Mawdudi states, in his apologetic work Towards Understanding Islam, “…all the command and injunctions in the Qur’an can be acted upon at any place and in any age...” Muslim scholar and translator of the Qur’an, Muhammed Asad, says this regarding surah 2:191, a passage prescribing the Muslims of the seventh century to wage war: “…as is always the case with historical references in the Qur’an – the above injunction has a general import, and is valid for all times and circumstances.” There is a robust theology of war present in the Qur’an and normative for Muslims today.
Examples like the Crusades and the Spanish Inquisition provide no parallel with Islam. These events have no theological basis in the Bible. Although the Church attempted to justify their actions using the Bible, their efforts were misguided. Whatever theology was erected has since been repudiated by the Church because it lacks biblical support. Islam still vigorously defends jihad using the Qur’an, the precedent set by Mohammed, and Mohammed’s own instructions. No prominent Middle Eastern Muslim scholar would ever repudiate jihadist theology – it’s central to Islam.
When I’m asked, then, about the Crusades or the Inquisition, I affirm that Christians engaged in wrongdoing, but then quickly point out that their behavior was inconsistent with biblical theology. When Muslims, however, have engaged in war and killing, their behavior has been consistent with Islamic theology.
Finally, if one wants to know how Christians are supposed to live, they can look to Jesus’ life, instructions, and the model of the New Testament church. Jesus’ life was so peaceful that many people mistake Him for a pacifist. Even after facing multiple assassination attempts, He never retaliated with violence. He, unlike Mohammed, harmed no one. Just before leaving this earth, Jesus gave us what has become known as the “Great Commission” (Matthew 28: 16-20). It’s His final instructions for His followers. He said we are to make disciples of all nations, to baptize them, and to teach them what He commanded.
In fact, it’s interesting to note what the early church did. Look at the first 100 years of Islam after Mohammed and the first few hundred years of Christianity after Jesus. Islam spread primarily through military conquest taking control of lands from Spain to the borders of China and India. Christianity spread, amid intense persecution, for nearly 300 years throughout parts of Europe, northern Africa, and the Middle East.
With Christ as their example, it’s hard to argue that Christians are called to war or violence to advance the cause of Christ. Jesus’ life and the teachings of the New Testament are what principally guide the lives of Christians. If Muslims want to live peaceful lives today, they would do better to model their lives after Jesus, the Prince of Peace.
∗ It is important, however, to acknowledge the war, violence, and killing that exists in the Old Testament and in the history of the Church. One should never attempt to deny or downplay the violence that has taken place. As we shall see, though, these actions are not analogous to those in Islam.
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While a great manager can carry a lot on their shoulders, in reality very little can be achieved without a high performing team to help them achieve project success. To paraphrase the saying: no manager is an island. But what does a high performing team look like and what are the team characteristics that you should be looking out for in your team members.
If you’re going about building a team for an upcoming project or desire a greater understanding of team dynamics in general, here are six of the main team characteristics to look out for.
A project in motion combines many different moving parts, such that disparate sections of a team can become siloed and unaware of what others in the team are working towards. Building a team with a unified goal means that everyone is aware of what you are all trying to achieve together. This involves being open to collaboration and assisting other team members as well as focusing on individual tasks, as the overall objective is to achieve the team goal.
Respectful communication is a must for any team but be wary that this doesn’t verge into apathy or people fearing voicing their opinion. A strong team is based on transparency and constructive feedback. This requires trust and an acceptance of vulnerability, but by leading the way as manager this can be gradually fostered within a group.
A team is put together because they have different abilities which are necessary for a project to be completed. These talents complement each other rather than compete with each other, thus it is necessary for each team section to appreciate others and feel appreciated themselves. While disagreements can be positive and deliver creative solutions, it should always be underpinned by a healthy mutual respect for different ways of viewing things.
Unforeseen issues arise throughout the course of many projects. It could be the project scope, budget or stakeholder expectations or a thousand other problems. What defines a high performing team is their ability to take unexpected events in their stride and adapt to the new circumstances around them. It may mean pausing or cancelling task strands and shifting people outside of their comfort zone, but a good team will recognize the importance of supporting the changes that have to be made.
Being recognized for the good work they are doing is key for employee engagement. 75% of employees whose work was recognized at least once a month reported being satisfied in their job. To keep your team members motivated to achieve project success, take the time to appreciate them when important milestones are hit or on an individual basis for their own task strands.
With the speed of changing technologies a desire to adopt the latest improvements can greatly increase both the speed and quality of your team’s output. Not everyone wants to put themselves in a situation of constantly learning new processes however. A high performing team should combine both a desire to get better with a clear pathway laid out by their project manager.
Building a team that has the ability to consistently produce results to a high level is not easy. However, if you focus on the finding those with the right team characteristics and nurture them through your management style you can create a group that is ready for any challenge.
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Elsa has a young little girl and it's the little one's birthday today. Can you help her prep everything for the big party she will have later? Start by decorating the room. Add colorful balloons everywhere and some pretty window shades. Hang a big Happy Birthday banner, put some pillows on the sofa, stickers and posters on the wall and make sure the princess has some gifts already waiting for her. Then you can help the birthday girl dress up in a cute ruffled dress with flower prints on the top, a precious tiara, a party hat or a pair of bunny ears on her head and some toys to play with. Everything is ready now for the party, so all her friends can come so they can play games and have fun. Elsa has a surprise for her, a big chocolate birthday cake! Have fun playing this game!
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This article is about the town in India. For the districts, see Poonch district, India and Poonch District, Pakistan. For the historical district, see History of Poonch District. For the village in Uttar Pradesh, see Poonchh, Jhansi.
Poonch (also referred to as Punch) is a town and a municipal council, which forms the capital of the Poonch district in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The city is near the Line of Control - the de facto border with Pakistan's Azad Kashmir.
Poonch is located at 33°46′N 74°06′E / 33.77°N 74.1°E / 33.77; 74.1. It is on the bank of the Poonch River, which originates in the Pir Panjal range and flows west and southwest to drain into the Mangla Reservoir in Azad Kashmir. The city is at elevation of 981 metres (3218 feet).
The Pir Panjal range of mountains separates the Poonch Valley from the Kashmir Valley. With the completion of the Mughal Road in 2010, via the Pir Panjal Pass, there is now a direct road link between the two areas.
Poonch has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), much cooler than what is found in much of the rest of India, due to its moderately high elevation and northerly position. Winters are cool, with daytime a January average of 2.5 °C (36.5 °F), and temperatures below freezing at night. Summers are short and usually pleasant. The summer temperature generally does not rise above 31 °C. Winters are cool and characterized by rainfall due to western disturbances. Snowfall is quite common during the months of January and February.
As of 2011[update] India census, Poonch had a population of 40,987. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Poonch has an average literacy rate of 79%: male literacy is 84%, and female literacy is 77%. In Poonch, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. About 44% of the town's population are adherents of Hinduism, and about one third are followers of Islam.
Based on the Mahābhārata evidence, and the evidence from the 7th-century Chinese traveller Xuanzang, the districts of Poonch along with Rajauri and Abhisara were under the sway of the Republican Kambojas during epic times.
Poonch has witnessed many historical eras. Around 326 BC when Alexander the Great invaded the lower Jhelum belt to fight with Porus, this region was known as Dravabhisar. In the 6th Century AD, the famous Chinese traveller Huien Tsang passed through this area. According to his observation, this region was known as part of Kashmir also known as mini kashmir. Around 850 AD Poonch became a sovereign state ruled by Raja Nar, who was basically a horse trader. According to Rajtrangani, Raja Trilochan Pal of Poonch gave a tough fight to Mahmood Ghaznvi, who invaded this area in 1020 A.D.
In 1596, the Mughal emperor Jahangir made Raja Siraj-Ud-Din Rathore, the descendant of Rao Jodha and Rao Suraj Singh, the new ruler of Poonch. Siraj-Ud-Din and his descendants Raja Shahbaz Khan Rathore, Raja Abdul Razak Rathore, Raja Rustam Rathore and Raja Bahadur Rathore ruled this area up to 1798 AD. From 1819 A.D -1850 A.D Poonch remained a part of Khalsa Darbar, and it remained under the occupation of the Sikh Empire until 1850. In 1850 A.D Dogra Raja Moti Singh laid foundation of Dogra Raj in Poonch. Moti Singh who served as the Prime Minister to Sikh Emperor Ranjit Singh was gifted Poonch as a jagir by the Sikh Emperor. Poonch remained a Jagir which had its own jagirdar under the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir from 1850 until the 1940s. on the recommendations of Glancy Commission, a 75-member Legislative Assembly had come into existence under the name of Praja Sabha. Two seats were allotted to the Poonch Muslim principality. Khansab Khan Muhammad Khan of Poonch was elected MLA 1934-1946 form Tehsil Bagh and Sudhanati. He was returned to the Tehsil Bagh and Sudhnoti seat in subsequent Legislative Assembly elections until 1946, when he stepped aside voluntarily in favour of Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan.
A bus across the LOC, the Poonch-Rawalakot bus, has helped to re-establish ties across the border.
Jammu–Poonch railway line is a proposed railway line from Jammu Tawi station via the Historic City of Akhnoor to Poonch.
Poonch Airport is a small airstrip which was constructed during Indo-Pakistani War of 1947.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Poonch.
^ Watters, Yuan Chawang, Vol I, p 284.
^ See: Political History of Ancient India, 1996, p 133, 219/220, Dr H. C. Raychaudhury, Dr B. N. Mukerjee.
^ A History of India, p 269-71, N. R. Ray, N. K. Sinha.
^ Journal of Indian History, P 304, University of Allahabad. Department of Modern Indian History, University of Kerala - 1921; Military History of India, 1980, p 38, Hemendra Chandra Kar - History.
^ Bimbisāra to Aśoka: with an appendix on the later Saud, 1977, p 16, Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya - India - 1977.
^ Purana Index, 1992, p 79, A. B. L. Awasthi.
Hutchinson, J. & J. PH Vogel (1933). History of the Panjab Hill States, Vol. I. 1st edition: Govt. Printing, Pujab, Lahore, 1933. Reprint 2000. Department of Language and Culture, Himachal Pradesh. Chapter XXIII "Punch State", pp. 698–724.
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A bride-to-be is unsure of how to proceed after her fiancé asked her to sign a prenuptial agreement — that requires her to lose all of her baby weight within a year of childbirth.
The woman, a 29-year-old from New York City, posted on Reddit earlier this month to seek legal advice over 'some weird clauses' that her 36-year-old fiancé put in their prenup.
She said that in addition to stating she would get nothing in a divorce if she is unfaithful, the contract offers a monetary reward for every child she has while also demanding that she quickly shed any weight she gains during pregnancy.
Coincidentally, the woman posted her story on the site on Valentine's Day.
'My fiancé is a neurosurgeon and has been wonderfully successful in his field, so when he asked me for a prenup I wasn't too surprised and I am all for them actually,' she began.
'So I did the standard procedure and sat down with my fiance's father, whom [sic] is a lawyer, and he helped break it all down for me.
'My fiance put a few odd clauses in our prenup, such as an infidelity clause so if I cheat on him, I walk away with basically nothing.
While it certainly makes sense that such a clause might make her uncomfortable, it's not entirely unusual — though the next ones are.
"My fiancé mentioned that for every child I have for him, I get a chunk of money"
'Along with that, he put in a clause that stated that I have to lose any weight I gain after child birth, at least 30lbs of it in the first year following childbirth,' she went on.
Later, she comments with further details on this: They'd measure her pre-pregnancy weight, her peak pregnancy weight, and then do an 'annual weigh-in' to see if she has complied.
She'll have to either lose all the baby weight by the one-year mark or, if she gained more than 30 lbs., she will have to lose at least 30 lbs. after a year and the rest by the following year unless she gets pregnant again.
She went on: 'The oddest of them all to me is the compensation for children clause. I am not sure if I interpreted this correctly so anyone may correct me, but in the prenup my fiancé mentioned that for every child I have for him, I get a chunk of money, which to me doesn't sound legal but maybe it is?
Nearly everyone commenting on the post advised her to consult her own lawyer.
'Definitely talk to a lawyer in your area before signing. Don't just rely on the internet. It will be money well spent,' wrote another.
Yet another was confused about whether all of the clauses were about just her behavior and suggested she had her own about his behaviour.
'I've seen a few compensation for children clauses, so I'd guess that is either common or at minimum; not crazy,' wrote one lawyer. 'The losing weight thing is insane. What is the penalty if weight is not lost... walk away with nothing?
'So if you ever wanted to get into powerlifting (and the muscle mass that brings), you can't with this guy,' he joked.
'Out of curiosity, is there a similar fidelity clause for him? What are the consequences if he has an affair?' asked another.
The bride-to-be has yet to update with further details.
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The United States Department of Defense (DoD) is the civilian Cabinet organization of the United States government which controls the military of the United States. It is headquartered at The Pentagon and headed by the United States Secretary of Defense.
Proposals to coordinate the activities of the military services were initially considered by Congress in 1944. Specific plans were put forth in 1945 by the Army, the Navy, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In a special message to Congress on December 19, 1945, President Harry Truman proposed creation of a unified Department of National Defense. A proposal reached Congress in April 1946, but was held up by the Naval Affairs Committee held hearings in July 1946 due to objections to the concentration of power in a single department. Truman eventually sent new legislation to Congress in February 1947, where it was debated and amended for several months.
On July 26, 1947, Truman signed the National Security Act of 1947, which set up the National Military Establishment to begin operations on September 18, 1947, the day after the confirmation of James V. Forrestal as the first Secretary of Defense. The Establishment was later renamed the Department of Defense on August 10, 1949 and the secretary was given greater authority over the military departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force.
It is based in The Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia near Washington, D.C.. It was created by combining the War Department[?] (founded in 1789) with the Navy Department[?] (founded in 1798; formerly the Board of Admiralty, founded in 1780). The department was formed in order to reduce interservice rivalry which was believed to have reduced military effectiveness in World War II.
It includes Army, Air Force, Coast Guard (wartime only), Navy, Marines and agencies such as the National Security Agency and the Defense Intelligence Agency comprise the Department. Its annual budget is roughly $360 billion (~$1,300 per capita).
The command structure of the Department of Defense is defined by the Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986[?]. Under the act, the chain of command runs from the President of the United States, through the Secretary of Defense, to the regional commanders within one of several commands who command all military forces within their area of operation. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the several Chiefs of Staff are responsible for readiness of the U.S. military, but are not in the chain of command.
As part of the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack, terrorists crashed a plane into one of the sections of The Pentagon, causing part of it to collapse and killing about 190 people.
In 2003, the National Communications System was moved to the United States Department of Homeland Security.
The DoD sponsored the research and development of the modern computer and through DARPA subsidized the creation of the Internet. It maintains the global positioning system (GPS). Each of these technologies was made available to the public worldwide at no charge.
The DoD commissioned the design of the Ada programming language.
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Many people make the mistake of not getting their hair cut regularly when trying to grow their hair out. It's also a common myth that regular haircuts will make your hair grow out faster. Let me set the record straight. Regular haircuts do not make your hair grow faster. Rather, regular trims will prevent your hair from breakage and split ends that will make your hair appear to grow slower. The most important aspect in growing your hair out is to communicate with your hair stylist and have the ends of your hair trimmed slightly at regular intervals. This will minimize hair breakage, and maximize your growth potential!
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Choose better passwords or "GPU Password Cracking"
GPU Password Cracking on your graphics card it mind-bogglingly easy. Your average ATI Radeon card can accomplish brute-force cracks of most common password in minutes, hours of your get "crazy" and add in symbols (such as &,#,%, etc.) If you don't do that, please change your passwords now!
Also, try not to use things such as "Freddy1946Mercury" and think it's safe. Nor "FreddyMercury1946" or similar. They know that too and checking for it first, to see if you can skip brute-force attack is easily done. Instead consider "Fr3dd7M3rcur71946$". Almost the same, but (almost) infinitely harder to crack and still easy to remember. Even better, if you start with a symbol or put it in the middle of the name or date. But they're still names and variations thereof. Best is to use something like the Mozilla Secure Password guide. You can also solely use generated passwords in combination with a tool such as LastPass or KeyPass.
Engadget has a great article on photography! We always think we can hold a camera steady enough to get sharp pictures. I used to pride myself that I could take pictures at 1/15th of a second if I steadied myself against a wall and held my breath. 1/60th easily while free-standing.
Well, I'm completely disillusioned now thanks to the article: Lasers prove you can't hold a camera still. They have a video too. Attach a laser pointer to the hotshoe of a camera, point at a wall 20m away with text on it and go up close to see the pointer moving back and forth. Even when using a tripod! Shocker!
Oh and mrvanes pointed me to this wonderful List of common misconceptions on Wikipedia. Brilliant!
Prolonged exposure to cold weather such as rain or winter conditions does not increase the likelihood of catching a cold.
Really everything you've always wondered about The SNEEZE.
Wonderful, clearly writing and illustrated blog on sneezing in humans and (small) animals. :) The elefant baby is too cute!
Today there is a small partial eclipse. A solar eclipse this time. See the NASA Eclipse Web Site. However, I watch a satellite image of the Earth each morning, just to see the clouds and weather patterns, and I noticed a strange anomaly this morning.
Volcano awake in the Netherlands?
The sea water temperature of the Waddenzee in the Netherlands has been on the rise. First they thought perhaps global warming, but nothing could have been simpler: there happens to be a volcano underneath the Waddenzee! And it has "recently" woken up after roughly 100 million years.
The volcano was discovered in the 70s and since then, the temperature has risen 3 degrees. That's a lot! SO who knows, there might be an ash cloud of a different, much closer kind.
Scientists have created something that is 18% more magnetic than Iron Cobalt (FeCo). Until now, that was the most magnetic material known to man. The new compound is Iron Nitrogen (FeN) and may disprove our knowledge about how magnetic material can be... :) Coool!
Ever since the big quake in Chile, it seems other big earthquake have been circling the Pacific Plate. I remembered having blogged about this before, so I went back and checked that site again.
Someone asked my the other day if I knew what the successor to Blu-Ray would be. I said I'd heard of one candidate but had forgotten who or what.
A few days ago, there was a mysterious spiral blue light display above Norway. I don't believe it was a hoax. There were too many reports from different places and different sources. Slashdot had a whole slew of possible explanations on it, the most logical to me being one where a Russian rocket might have misfired and exploded. It is still sketchy at best, and I am still not sure. But the video and photos are very cool nonetheless!
Think I posted this on Twitter before, but CNN now runs it too... NOAA managed to capture a deep sea underwater volcano on film in the Pacific ocean. I got the film from NOAA and uploaded it to YouTube.
"Eruption of the West Mata volcano, discovered in May, occurred nearly 4,000 feet below the surface of the Pacific Ocean, in an area bounded by Fiji, Tonga and Samoa."
For the first time, a submersible robot has crossed the Atlantic Ocean: Scarlet Knight had a predecessor disappear. Perhaps due to a shark or maybe a fishing boat. In 221 days, the robot traversed 7409 km! With this knowledge, a new area in ocean surveillance can start. And considering we've only discovered approx 5% of the world's oceans, it is about time!
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You have a vacation rental or holiday home and want to rent it? OK, but how and where and how much it will costs? There are so many questions that every vacation property owner has. It is certain that vacation rentals advertising is not allays expensive. There are literally hundreds of holiday home directories and vacation rental sites that you can use to advertise your vacation rental property. Some of them are well established, others are brand new.
Some of them are beautiful with nice design, others are simple vacation property listing. With so many sites to choose from, you shouldn't stick with one or two of the expensive sites! I can assure you, that the most "new" vacation rentals websites have better service, than many "established" sites. They are young, flexible and motivated and they offer advertising at a bargain price. There are lots of factors to consider before paying sums of money to advertise your vacation property website.
The most important are: - Ensure that the vacation rentals site is cost effective. Check if there is a free trial or a special offer ( e.g. http://arrangeyourvacation.
com offers "premium" advertising of holiday homes for 1$ per month, standard listings are free of charge). - Do you want to advertise on one web site - with annual advertisements typically around $130-$160 per year or you want to spread your offers on many "bargain" web sites? - Chose vacation rental sites that specifically target travellers to a specific region or country in which you have your property. ( e.
g. http://mexico-holiday-home.com, http://italy-vacation-homes.com or http://greece-holiday-home.
com). - Consider user-friendly vacation rentals sites with nice features, such as the ability to search by keyword or search for properties that are available for specific dates and than you can save the founded "favorite" properties. - Ensure that the vacation rentals site offers the ability to modify your listing and photos and allow you to update your availability calendar. - It is helpful, if the site offers tracking of statistics, as number of times your site was viewed as well as the enquiries that you have received. Summary: You should list on as much as possible vacation rental sites to maximize your bookings, but chose carefully and don't pay more than necessary! The Price is not allays mark of quality! .
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Graphic organizers can be used to help formulate and organize a scientific experiment.
Observe, State Experimental Questions - After observing a phenomenon, you may wonder what is happening, and what caused it to happen. Write down your observations and your questions.
Gather Information - Do background investigation on the phenomenon you are interested in. Find out what is known about it already.
Formulate a Hypothesis - Write a statement that predicts what may happen in your experiment based on your knowledge and data from other experiments.
Design an Experiment to Test Your Hypothesis - Determine a logical set of steps to be followed in your experiment.
Independent/Experimental Variable - Determine or guess which factors could affect the phenomenon you are studying. The experimental variable is the one variable the investigator chooses to vary in the experiment.
Collect Data - Record the results of the investigation in a table or chart.
Summarize Results - Analyze the data and note trends in your experimental results.
Draw Conclusions - Determine whether or not the data support the hypothesis of your experiment.
Write an outline of your scientific experiment. A scientific method graphic organizer including: State the problem, Gather information, Formulate a hypothesis, Test the hypotheses, Draw conclusions (either the results support the hypothesis or the results do not support the hypothesis).
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Other than offering opportunities for learning more about piano musical instrument especially to the kids learning more about piano lessons, piano lessons are also very useful as they help the kids to learn more about various skills which help to improve their brain working. It has been researched that the learning more about the playing of pianos has an impact to the emotional development of many children as they help in developments of the brains of the children and this has been seen to have great positive impact to the whole life of a kid. It has also been noted that there is a lot of emotional success associated with proper learning piano lessons. For those who might be in need of undertaking their children through various piano lessons they are advised to move on with the decision since it has been approved that learning more about the piano lessons has a great success and a very positive effect to the proper growth of the child’s brains and hence promoting the child’s emotional capacity.
Here are some of the various benefits that come up with the learning more about playing a piano. One of the great positive impacts of learning more about piano or enrolling in a piano lesson is that a child’s creative skills which are natural are able to improve and properly develop.
Piano lessons help the children to improve their critical skills after undergoing through musical programs as many student can be able to compose their own new songs after learning more learning more about piano programs and lesson.
The other benefit of learning how to play piano is that piano lessons help many children not only to develop or improve their learning skills but also helps them to perfect natural learning processes since most of them are able to absorb various music languages. By learning how to develop various skills needed to accomplish new music languages and also learning how to follow directions, scan written materials, think critically, create solutions and translate writing into actions most of the music students who have undergone through various piano lessons are able to perfect their natural learning processes.
Piano lessons also help many children to learn how to stay focused over time and hence helping them develop various good study habits which later become natural. A good piano lesson is also beneficious to any child undertaking various piano classes as most of the students are able to eliminate various challenges like learning a difficult song, as well as to perform pieces in front of teachers, friends, and families at recitals during the learning processes and hence this is very important to any student.
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Imagine this storyline. Your software is scheduled to be released three weeks from today. Before the launch date, software testers start examining the code, although they’re pretty sure the development team did a great job these past four months. Their high hopes go down the drain when they discover 15 high-alert bugs, postponing the release date by weeks.
The scenario is software teams’ worst nightmare. It’s stressful, it’s cruel, and it’s nerve-wracking. However, there’s good news for those teams that find themselves caught in a case of escalating defects! The scenario can be avoided. And that’s only possible through agile testing.
In the early days of software development, teams were following the Waterfall software development methodology. Software testing came second to last on the list, only before the delivery of the finished product. Testers were kept in the dark, validating the features outlined in the requirements document. The methodology was ineffective. Proof of the ineffectiveness were the overtime hours and the costs that exceeded the budget.
The idea to include testers at the end of the development process evolved and the agile testing era began. The agile testing era includes software testers at the beginning of the project. There’s less documentation and more room for adaptation. Instead of testing the software right before deployment, agile testing happens during each two-week sprint.
Agile testing is the result of the worldwide realization that the needs of the enterprise are always changing during the development process. Minds change and the product needs to adapt. In agile testing, testers are involved directly in the development process so they can detect bugs as early as possible. The agile team resolves issues at every stage of the development process, helping the product to be released on time.
What are the Main Benefits of Agile Testing?
Agile testing has three main benefits: increased interaction, a high-quality product, and faster delivery.
Increased interaction. The highlight of agile testing are teams, people and interactions. Team members closely communicate about any setbacks, preferences for specific tools, and methodologies. Testers also interact with developers, business analysts, as well as with the Scrum Master and Product Owner during their sprints. These interactions make the process of testing to be agile.
High-quality product. Unlike with traditional testing where the product is tested at the end of the development, testing begins at the start of the project. In this way, testers can fix any issues in the middle of the project. In an agile setting, testers are in close communication with developers. Testers and developers are equally involved in the process and their skills are put to good use. There’s continuous feedback and any bugs can easily be removed. What’s more, testers and developers are in communication with the customer who can give their input to help them develop a high-quality product.
Faster delivery. With waterfall testing, the testing of the product takes place at the end of the development. If anything needs altering, the project starts from the beginning. This might result in delayed delivery. When teams use agile in testing, there’s continuous feedback and communication. The development process consists of separate sprints and testers can fix errors in the middle of the project. The end result? Faster and timely delivery of a high-quality product.
What are the Main Principles of Agile Testing?
Provide continuous feedback. In agile testing, there should be continuous feedback between the testers, developers, business analysts, Scrum Master, and Product Owner. This is the key to a high-quality product.
Deliver value to the customer. The goal of every agile tester should be to develop the best product possible for the customer.
Enable face-to-face communication. In order to avoid any errors, the agile tester should communicate face-to-face with developers.
Have courage. Testers must find the courage to fight for the fixes they think are crucial for the success of the project.
Keep it simple. Testers should perform only necessary tests. They should strive to deliver the simplest product that holds the most value.
Practice continuous improvement. The best agile testers are the ones who consistently improve themselves and never stop learning new things.
Respond to change. Agile testers should also be flexible and adaptable. They should learn how to adapt to the changing needs of the product and the marketplace.
Self-organize. The agile tester is not passive. They have self-organization skills and actively look for potential issues and work together with other people to fix them.
Focus on people. Agile testers place an emphasis on social interaction. They have great communication skills that help them deliver a product that is practical and high-grade.
Enjoy. This is probably the most important agile testing principle. Those who enjoy their work are the best workers. Their passion and motivation help them build a great and successful product.
What Are the Skills an Ideal Agile Tester Should Have?
If we take a look at the State of Testing Report 2018, we will be able to draw up the profile of an ideal agile tester. According to their statistics, the perfect tester should possess great communication skills, followed by automation and scripting skills and general testing skills.
75% said that communication skills are the most important.
65% said that automation and scripting skills are important skills of a good agile tester.
62% listed general testing skills as important.
55% reported that any good tester should possess API testing skills.
45% said that testers should have knowledge of agile methodologies.
What are the Most Common Agile Testing Methodologies?
As the name describes, exploratory testing involves exploring, discovery, and learning. Testers explore the application to discover any edge cases and learn what needs to be changed. They put themselves in the shoes of the personas who will use the application to find out what needs fixing and updating.
Exploratory testing is a cyclical practice that starts from test design and progresses to test execution, analysis, learning, and then the process starts all over again. There are no scrips, no predefined set of instructions. The agile tester relies on their skills to explore and update the product.
Acceptance-driven development is collaborative testing that brings together team members with a different perspective. Customers, testers, and developers collaborate to write acceptance tests that represent the user’s point of view.
This gives them insight into what customers expect from the product and how the product will be used. It’s the best way to make sure that everyone on the team has the same shared understanding of what they’re actually building.
Run the automated BDD scenarios to show the feature is completed.
In general, a software project involves several software modules that are coded by different developers. Although each software module is tested, defects can still exist for reasons like inadequate exception handling or developer’s error.
What integration testing does is combine and test these individual modules as a group. The aim of this type of agile testing is to expose errors in the interaction between integrated modules.
There are several essential ingredients for a successful agile testing process. First and foremost, you need to hire testers who possess crucial skills like self-organization, communication, and scripting. Then, you need to choose the right agile testing methodology for your team. Make sure your testers collaborate closely with the developers to ensure successful delivery of a high-grade product.
Agile testing era includes software testers at the beginning of the project. There’s less documentation and more room for adaptation.
Instead of testing the software right before deployment, agile testing happens during each two-week sprint.
Agile testing has three main benefits: increased interaction, a high-quality product, a faster delivery.
Some of the main principles of agile testing include continuous feedback, constant improvement, and focusing on people.
The perfect tester should possess great communication skills, automation and scripting skills, and general testing skills.
The most common agile testing methodologies are exploratory testing, acceptance test-driven development, behavior-driven development, and integration testing.
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Oh, Don Jr. You were almost in the clear. You could have flown under the radar of the raving buffoonary that is your father's presidency. But alas, stupidity seems to run in the family. I didn't want to devote too much time to this topic, but there seems to be a key argument not yet made that merits discussion.
Obviously, the news that Donald Trump Jr. took a meeting with a Russian lawyer who had promised potentially compromising information regarding the Clinton campaign (and brought Kushner along) is bad. I will not devote a better synonym to this description - it's just bad. But let's examine his statement a little further: "(Trump) said she then turned the conversation to adoption of Russian children and the Magnitsky Act, an American law that blacklists suspected Russian human rights abusers...'It became clear to me that this was the true agenda all along and that the claims of potentially helpful information were a pretext for the meeting,' Mr. Trump said."
If Trump's assessment of the meeting's true agenda is accurate, what does that say about the Trump family? It says you cannot get their attention by appealing to their humanity or their intellect. You cannot say "I want to discuss a law that I found offensive to my people." You have to dangle some smear potential in front of them to get their attention. They have no interest in issues that don't offer a potential reward to themselves. What's the implication of this? We'll get there, but first let's talk about the context of this meeting.
The Magnitsky Act was a bill passed by Congress in 2012 under the Obama administration. It was a response to the death of Russian lawyer, Sergei Magnitsky, who died in a Russian prison under horrendous conditions. Basically, the law sought to punish those responsible for his death by barring their entrance into the United States and naming them publicly. Putin was so incensed by the bill that the State Duma, part of the Federal Assembly of Russia, voted 400-4 to no longer allow Russian children to be adopted in the United States. Very Putin-esque response.
So let's bring that back around to Donald Trump Jr. - why on earth would Russian lawyer, Natalia Veselnitskaya, seek out Donald Trump's son in her tirade against the Magnitsky Act? The only plausible answer is that she had reason to believe Trump would win the election and would therefore be willing to discuss removing this law. Why did she believe Trump would win? Because Russia was hacking the election. Plain and simple. Why did she think Trump would be willing to help her cause? Because Trump wants a mutually beneficial relationship, regardless of the implications for American politics or national security. Oh, and Veselnitskaya's company was under investigation by the FBI at the time of the meeting. No red flags there.
But here's what hasn't been discussed and what really frightens me- it's not merely the fact that Donald Trump Jr. was stupid enough to take this meeting. It's not how blatant the collusion is at this point. It's not even Trump's response to the accusations. What bothers me is that Russia played the entire family like a fiddle and they sit in the highest position of power in the world completely blind to it. Did anyone in the Trump family know what the Magnitsky Act was prior to this meeting? No, because they have zero experience with international diplomacy or global affairs. Did Russia care? Absolutely not. In fact, it just made their job easier. They knew all they had to do was promise a hint of slander, a mere sprig of corruption that could potentially inculpate Hillary, and they would pounce eagerly.
Trump has sadly raised his children in his image. Donald Trump Jr. did not ask questions prior to the meeting; once he found out there was no dirt on Hillary, it served no purpose to him. That should scare us all. This family does not care about having a discussion or a debate, about uncovering the truth of what happened to a Russian lawyer who spoke out against the Kremlin. They were promised dirt and, like a shark sensing blood in the water, their eyes rolled back white at the promise of vindication. Russia will continue to play them and they will continue to not see it, and that is what we must combat. Only truth, knowledge, and conversation will win out over deception. This is our battle with Russia, and it is clear the Trump family are not even aware what game is really being played.
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What makes Eagle Eye Outfitters special? To sum up what makes Eagle Eye Outfitters special is these three words - people matter most. Eagle Eye Outfitters is dedicated to serving our customers, staff, and community. People are valuable, and it is our job to invest in them. One of our core values and driving factors behind who we are as a company, like I mentioned above, is this: people matter most. We put a huge emphasis on this through investing in our customers, our staff, and our community. That is what we like to call our "Circle of Service". We desire to cultivate genuine relationships with each customer, far beyond just transactions. We desire to invest in all of our staff members, as well as their families. We desire to serve in the community and do our best to meet the needs of everyone we encounter. Mark and Susan laid the foundation for EEO with this principle in 1999, and nineteen years later, this is still a driving factor behind the way our company operates. We also have a VTO (Volunteer Time Off) Program for our employees. This allows for employees to be paid, per usual, to serve in the community. We currently serve with over 20 different organizations throughout our community. VTO is truly an amazing experience. It definitely has opened my eyes to the various needs in our community. In addition to VTO, 2% of our daily sales go back into helping our community and other local ministries in our area. We certainly could not have done any of this without God. His faithfulness and countless blessings have far exceeded anything that we could have ever imagined. He gets all the praise! We also would not be where we are today without our wonderful customers.
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One of the other voices that is present throughout the entire story is that of sarcasm. Therefore the true irony in this story lies not in the analyzation of minute details in the story, but rather in the context of the story as it is written.
He could write proposal like this knowing that there would be no repercussions since the upper-class would treat this as a comedy. Right from the first paragraph Swift attempts to fool his readers by the sarcasm of the dreary scene that Swift presents.
One of the voices that is present throughout the story is that of irony. The sarcastic paradox in this statement is whether it is a melancholy object for him, having to see homeless people every day, or for the beggars lifestyle?
For example, Swifts, A Modest Proposal, is often heralded as his best use of both sarcasm and irony.
He is portrayed as a very snobbish man who cares more about himself and the sociopolitical aspect of his status. It would be rather absurd to think that a rational man would want to both propose this and partake in the eating of another human being.
In the third statement, Swift explains how by buying the children and then selling them to their friends, the upper-class can keep on thriving. The sarcastic paradox in this statement is whether it is a melancholy object for him, having to see homeless people every day, or for the beggars lifestyle?
But as the story continues, a reader can look back and note that he is using a sarcastic tone and the only sad sight that he sees is the fact that people of his status have to deal with commoners. The story itself is ironic since no one can take Swifts proposal seriously.
One of the other voices that are present throughout the entire story is that of sarcasm.
One of the other voices that is present throughout the entire story is that of sarcasm. For example, Swifts, A Modest Proposal, is often heralded as his best use of both sarcasm and irony. Right from the first paragraph Swift attempts to fool his readers by the sarcasm of the dreary scene that Swift presents.
In order to understand this further, a reader has to comprehend that Swift, becoming infamous after Gullivers Travels, was a member of the upper-class.
The sarcastic paradox in this statement is whether it is a melancholy object for him, having to see homeless people every day, or for the beggars lifestyle? He wants to lower the population of beggars in his country, so what better way to do it than by putting an end to the younger generation of beggars?
The story itself is ironic since no one can take Swifts proposal seriously. Upon first reading this one may be led to believe that Swift is a compassionate writer attempting to feel the pain of the beggars.
Very few authors have had their works analyzed and critiqued as thoroughly as Swift has. It would be rather absurd to think that a rational man would want to both propose this and partake in the eating of another human being.
It would be rather absurd to think that a rational man would want to both propose this and partake in the eating of another human being. This irony is clearly demonstrated at the end of the story; Swift makes it clear that this proposal would not affect him since his children were grown and his wife unable to have any more children.
This irony is clearly demonstrated at the end of the story; Swift makes it clear that this proposal would not affect him since his children were grown and his wife unable to have any more children.
Swift was well aware that his audience was the well-to-do upper class. But as the story continues, a reader can look back and note that he is using a sarcastic tone and the only sad sight that he sees is the fact that people of his status have to deal with commoners.
Right from the first paragraph Swift attempts to fool his readers by the sarcasm of the dreary scene that Swift presents. Also, when he makes his calculations as to how many children would be available for sale, he never takes into account the children from the rich families.
Even in todays world, there are some people that give money to the homeless, because the homeless are in a sad situation, and there are people that vehemently refuse to give money to panhandlers and they get sad because they have to be bothered by the homeless every time that they walk by.Swift's A Modest Proposal In his lengthy literary career, Jonathan Swift wrote many stories that used a broad range of voices that were used to make some compelling personal statements.4/4(1).
In his lengthy literary career, Jonathan Swift wrote many stories that used a broad range of voices that were used to make some compelling personal statements. For example, Swifts, A Modest Proposal, is often heralded as his best use of both sarcasm and irony.
Swift's "A Modest Proposal" In his lengthy literary career, Jonathan Swift wrote many stories that used a broad range of voices that were used to make some compelling personal statements.
For example, Swifts, A Modest Proposal, is often heralded as his best use of both sarcasm and irony. Swift's "A Modest Proposal" In his lengthy literary career, Jonathan Swift wrote many stories that used a broad range of voices that were used to make some compelling personal statements.
In his lengthy literary career, Jonathan Swift wrote many stories that used a broad range of voices that were used to make some compelling personal statements.
For example, Swifts, A Modest Proposal, is often heralded as his best use of both sarcasm and irony.4/4(1). Analysis on Jonathan Swift's A Modest Proposal In his lengthy literary career, Jonathan Swift wrote many stories that used a broad range of voices that were used to make some compelling personal statements.
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Should millennial entrepreneurs go to college? Given the stellar startup careers of non-college graduates like Zuckerberg, Ellison, Disney, Gates, Jobs, Branson and Dell, the answer to this question might surprise you.
In sports, outliers generate headlines. Basketball stars LeBrone James and Kobe Bryant achieved immediate success in the NBA as 18-yr old high school graduates. However, what about Kwame Brown and Eddy Curry? Ever heard of Jonathan Bender and Darius Miles? Like James and Bryant, these talented players opted to skip college, in favor of a professional career. Unlike James and Bryant, they were journeymen, not superstars.
The same is true in business, where outliers are given an outsized amount of attention. If you believe the mythology surrounding the handful of entrepreneurs who did not obtain a degree, you may think that the path to entrepreneurial success is enhanced by avoiding college. I must admit, I furthered this anti-college narrative with a provocative article about college dropout successes.
In my role as a Professor of Practice within UC Santa Barbara’s entrepreneurial Technology Management Program, I am confronted by several millennials each quarter who ask me if they should quit school to work on their ventures. My response is almost always the same; I think dropping out is a very bad idea.
“You are not the first student to pose this question to me. I have had the opportunity to communicate with several students who felt as you do, yet they remained in school and graduated. In each case, the students were glad they remained in school and snagged their diploma before launching their startups.
I recently spoke to an international group of entrepreneurship professors at San Diego State University’s Lavin Entrepreneurship Center. I asked them to devise reasons an entrepreneur should remain in college.
Discover What You Don’t Want To Do – College affords students a chance to satisfy their curiosity by exploring areas of intellectual interest and learn not only what they want to do with their lives, but also what they don’t want to do. Once a graduate enters the work world, she loses this luxury of time and flexibility.
Learning To Learn – A sound college education includes gaining the insights into applying logic, researching data and assessing the veracity information. Wise students focus on taking advantage of college to learn how to learn, rather than focusing on simply regurgitating facts.
Peer Management – Group projects, albeit painful, are an extremely effective proving ground for a startup career. In their early stages, startups are generally meritocracies in which strong-willed, highly opinionated people must be encouraged to act in a certain way, rather than ordered to do so. College group projects force students to develop a diplomatic leadership style, in order to encourage their peers (whom they cannot order around) to accept their suggestions.
Mini-ventures – Remaining in college does not mean that students must put their entrepreneurial dreams on hold. Small ventures that can be run part-time allow students to gain hands-on experience. In addition, many a college venture has blossomed into a full-fledged startup after graduation.
Network – Colleges are populated by motivated individuals, many of whom will excel in their chosen fields. Young entrepreneurs can call upon their alumni networks for advice, recruitment of key employees and even funding.
Resources – Many campuses offer entrepreneurial students a variety of free resources, such as: incubators, accelerators, mentor programs, venture competitions (with meaningful prize money) and even seed funding.
Maturity – A significant amount of emotional growth occurs between the ages 18 and 22. For many people who do not enter college after graduation, a stent in the military or Peace Corps allows them to develop emotionally and gain valuable, real-world experiences. The same is true of a college education, which provides young people with a safe environment to learn from their mistakes.
Although a number of notable entrepreneurs either dropped out or never attended college, they are the exception, not the rule. Yes, Kobie Bryant skipped college and had a stellar career. Yet, most successful NBA players earn a college degree, just like the majority of successful entrepreneurs.
Millennials: go to college, grow up a bit, establish a network of like-minded entrepreneurs, learn from some bad choices, do a few keg stands and graduate with the life skills that will equip you to change the world.
Follow my startup-oriented Twitter feed here: @johngreathouse. I’ll never tweet about underwater ballet or that killer burrito I am about to devour – just startup stuff. You can also check out my hands-on startup advice blog HERE.
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Updated: This story has been updated with final results for multiple games.
Northwest Majors VI kicks off today from Des Moines, Washington, and the event will run all the way through the weekend. This major tournament is the next stop on the Capcom Pro Tour, and a plethora of different games will be competed in, including Super Street Fighter 4 Arcade Edition v2012, Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3, King of Fighters 13, Injustice: Gods Among Us, and more.
As with any major, many top-level players are expected to compete. MCZ|Tokido, EG|K-Brad, EG|PR Balrog, RG|Filipino Champ, EMP|NuckleDu, BT|Clockw0rk, AS|Reynald, BE|Nemo, BE|Abegen, BE|KaneBlueRiver, MMG|Apologyman, EMP|Mew2King, Bokkin, Bronson Tran, Mr. Naps, JustFramesJames, and many more are set to take part in this event.
Northwest Majors VI marks the first stateside event where the public can try out Ultra Street Fighter 4's Decapre. A USF4 location test will be running throughout the weekend, so anyone in attendance can get their hands on the upcoming update.
A first-to-10 King of Fighters 13 exhibition is set to take place between Tokido and Reynald, along with other side events.
Hit the jump to check out the live streams.
Note: Players competing in the Super Street Fighter 4 Arcade Edition v2012 portion of the tournament will be awarded with tier 2 Capcom Pro Tour points. Below is a breakdown of how the points will be divided up.
• Grand finals, first set: MCZ|Tokido (Akuma) eliminated EG|K-Brad (Cammy) 3-2.
• Losers finals: EG|K-Brad (Cammy) eliminated EMP|Sanford Kelly (Oni) 3-2.
• Winners finals: MCZ|Tokido (Akuma) beat EG|K-Brad (Cammy) 3-2.
• Losers semi-finals: EMP|Sanford Kelly (Oni) eliminated EG|PR Balrog (Evil Ryu) 2-0.
• EG|PR Balrog (Evil Ryu) eliminated BE|Nemo (Yang, Chun-Li) 2-0.
• EMP|Sanford Kelly (Oni) eliminated CCG|Air (Ryu) 2-0.
• Winners semi-finals: EG|K-Brad (Cammy) beat EG|PR Balrog (Balrog, Evil Ryu) 2-1.
• Winners semi-finals: MCZ|Tokido (Akuma) beat CCG|Air (Ryu, Guy) 2-0.
• BE|Nemo (Yang) eliminated Bokkin (Cammy) 2-1.
• EMP|Sanford Kelly (Sagat) eliminated pH|Hoodaman (E. Honda) 2-1.
• Bokkin (Cammy) eliminated FineLikeWine49 (Guile) 2-1.
• EMP|Sanford Kelly (Oni) eliminated EG|Ricky Ortiz (Rufus) 2-1.
• pH|Hoodaman (E. Honda) eliminated SRKUW|Fawwaz (C. Viper) 2-0.
• BE|Nemo (Yang) eliminated Dickson (Cammy) 2-0.
• FineLikeWine49 (Guile) eliminated Integra (Ken) 2-0.
• BE|Nemo (Yang) eliminated pH|LPN (Cammy) 2-0.
• EG|Ricky Ortiz (Rufus) eliminated EMP|NuckleDu (Sakura, Guile) 2-0.
• EG|PR Balrog (Evil Ryu) beat EMP|Sanford Kelly (Oni) 2-1.
• CCG|Air (Ryu) beat Bokkin (Cammy) 2-0.
• EG|K-Brad (Cammy) beat SRKUW|Fawwaz (C. Viper) 2-1.
• Grand finals, first set: RG|Filipino Champ (Magneto, Dr. Doom, Phoenix) eliminated BE|KaneBlueRiver (Hulk, Haggar, Sentinel) 3-1.
• Losers finals: BE|KaneBlueRiver (Hulk, Haggar, Sentinel) eliminated BE|Nemo (Nova, Dr. Strange, Spencer) 3-2.
• Winners finals: RG|Filipino Champ (Magneto, Dr. Doom, Phoenix) beat BE|KaneBlueRiver (Hulk, Haggar, Sentinel) 3-1.
• Losers semi-finals: BE|Nemo (Nova, Dr. Strange, Spencer) eliminated MMG|Apologyman (Firebrand, Dr. Doom, Super-Skrull) 3-2.
• MMG|Apologyman (Firebrand, Dr. Doom, Super-Skrull) eliminated MCZ|Tokido (Nova, Dr. Strange, Spencer) 3-0.
• BE|Nemo (Nova, Dr. Strange, Spencer) eliminated EG|PR Balrog (Wolverine, Dr. Doom, Vergil) 3-1.
• Winners semi-finals: BE|KaneBlueRiver (Haggar, Hulk, Sentinel) beat MMG|Apologyman (Firebrand, Dr. Doom, Super-Skrull) 3-2.
• Winners semi-finals: RG|Filipino Champ (Magneto, Dr. Doom, Phoenix | Magneto, Dormammu, Dr. Doom) beat BE|Nemo (Nova, Dr. Strange, Spencer) 3-2.
• MCZ|Tokido (Nova, Dr. Strange, Spencer) eliminated Jeopardy (Zero, Nova, Iron Man) 3-2.
• EG|PR Balrog (Wolverine, Dr. Doom, Vergil) eliminated UGS|Neo (Magneto, Dr. Doom, Phoenix) 3-1.
• MCZ|Tokido (Nova, Dr. Strange, Spencer) eliminated MC|XSK Samurai (Magneto, Dr. Doom, Vergil) 3-1.
• Jeopardy (Zero, Nova, Iron Man) eliminated TheDon323 (Morrigan, Dormammu, Dr. Doom) 3-0.
• EG|PR Balrog (Wolverine, Dr. Doom, Vergil) eliminated SMH|Darryn (Nova, Spencer, Hawkeye) 3-1.
• UGS|Neo (Magneto, Dr. Doom, Phoenix) eliminated SMH|Kyle P (Spencer, Dr. Doom, Vergil) 3-1.
• TheDon323 (Morrigan, Dormammu, Dr. Doom) eliminated NWM|2 Chairz (Morrigan, Dr. Doom, Vergil | Magneto, Dr. Doom, Vergil) 3-1.
• MC|XSK Samurai (Magneto, Dr. Doom, Vergil) eliminated SMH|Doomkills (C. Viper, Dr. Doom, Amaterasu) 3-1.
• SMH|Kyle P (Spencer, Dr. Doom, Vergil) eliminated EG|K-Brad (Trish, Vergil, Dante) 3-1.
• SMH|Darryn (Nova, Spencer, Hawkeye) eliminated BT|Clockw0rk (Vergil, Dr. Doom, Strider) 3-0.
• MMG|Apologyman (Firebrand, Dr. Doom, Super-Skrull) beat UGS|Neo (Magneto, Dr. Doom, Phoenix).
• RG|Filipino Champ (Magneto, Dr. Doom, Phoenix | Magneto, Dormammu, Dr. Doom) beat MCZ|Tokido (Nova, Dr. Strange, Spencer) 3-2.
• BE|Nemo (Nova, Dr. Strange, Spencer) beat Jeopardy (Zero, Nova, Iron Man) 3-2.
• BE|KaneBlueRiver (Hulk, Haggar, Sentinel) beat EG|PR Balrog (Wolverine, Dr. Doom, Vergil) 3-1.
• Grand finals, first set: EMP|Mew2King (Sheik) eliminated 62Bit|Bladewise (Peach) 3-0.
• Losers finals: 62Bit|Bladewise (Peach) eliminated IB (Marth) 3-1.
• Losers semi-finals: 62Bit|Bladewise (Peach) eliminated MMG|Shroomed (Dr. Mario) 2-1.
• 62Bit|Bladewise (Peach) eliminated GC|SilentWolf (Fox) 2-1.
• MMG|Shroomed (Dr. Mario) eliminated MIOM|Sfat (Fox) 2-1.
• MMG|Shroomed (Dr. Mario) eliminated Yakal (Falco) 2-0.
• GC|SilentWolf (Fox) eliminated Blunted Object (Falco) 2-1.
• Grand finals, first set: MCZ|Tokido (EX Iori, Mr. Karate, Kim) eliminated AS|Reynald (Duo Lon, Benimaru, Chin) 3-2.
• Losers finals: AS|Reynald (Duo Lon, Benimaru, Takuma) eliminated Joel A (Daimon, Iori, Robert) 3-1.
• Winners finals: MCZ|Tokido (EX Iori, Mr. Karate, Kim) beat AS|Reynald (Duo Lon, Benimaru, Chin | Duo Lon, Takuma, Chin) 3-1.
• Losers semi-finals: Joel A (Iori, Daimon, Robert) eliminated TC|Romance (King, Benimaru, Yuri) 2-0.
• Joel A (Iori, Robert, Daimon) eliminated KCO|Pedro (EX Iori, Benimaru, Mr. Karate) 2-1.
• TC|Romance (Benimaru, Saiki, Yuri) eliminated BE|KaneBlueRiver (Raiden, Takuma, Vice) 2-1.
• Winners semi-finals: AS|Reynald (Duo Lon, Benimaru, Chin) beat KCO|Pedro (EX Iori, Benimaru, Mr. Karate) 2-0.
• Winners semi-finals: MCZ|Tokido (EX Iori, Mr. Karate, Kim) beat TC|Romance (King, Benimaru, Yuri) 2-0.
• Joel A (Iori, Daimon, Robert) eliminated Daniel T (Daimon, Saiki, Mr. Karate) 2-0.
• BE|KaneBlueRiver (Raiden, Takuma, Vice) eliminated PSG|El_Matador (Athena, Mr. Karate, Yuri | Athena, Duo Lon, Yuri) 2-0.
• Grand finals, second set: 8Arc|Jimmy J Tran (Bryan, Dragunov) eliminated TekSma|Inkognito (Bob, Bryan) 3-2.
• Grand finals, first set: TekSma|Inkognito (Bob, Bryan) beat 8Arc|Jimmy J. Tran (Bryan, Dragunov) 3-1.
• Losers finals: TekSma|Inkognito (Bob, Bryan) eliminated 8Arc|Bronson Tran (True Ogre, Jinpachi) 3-2.
• Winners finals: 8Arc|Jimmy J. Tran (Bryan, Dragunov) beat 8Arc|Bronson Tran (Jinpachi, Marduk | Marduk, Jaycee | Marduk, True Ogre) 3-0.
• Losers semi-finals: TekSma|Inkognito (Bob, Bryan) eliminated JustFrameJames (Marshall Law, Yoshimitsu) 3-1.
• Grand finals, first set: STB|Immortal Kombat (Doomsday) eliminated The Bat Muchacho (Batman) 3-1.
• Losers finals: The Bat Muchacho (Batman) eliminated SRKUW|Trevor (Superman) 3-1.
• Winners finals: STB|Immortal Kombat (Doomsday) beat The Bat Muchacho (Batman) 3-1.
• Losers semi-finals: SRKUW|Trevor (Superman) eliminated STB|Mittens (Martian Manhunter, Sinestro) 3-1.
• SRKUW|Trevor (Superman) eliminated iLuusions (Green Arrow, Batman, Sinestro) 3-2.
• Winners semi-finals: STB|Immortal Kombat (Doomsday) beat T4P|Nowhere Man (Aquaman, The Flash) 3-1.
• Winners semi-finals: The Bat Muchacho (Batman) beat iLuusions (Green Arrow, Nightwing) 3-1.
• STB|Mittens (Martian Manhunter) eliminated Organ Donor (Batman) 3-1.
• SRKUW|Trevor (Superman) eliminated AK|Clark (Superman) 3-1.
• Grand finals, second set: BananaKen (Kokonoe) eliminated NC|Pain (Kokonoe) 3-1.
• Grand finals, first set: BananaKen (Kokonoe) beat NC|Pain (Kokonoe) 3-0.
• Losers finals: BananaKen (Kokonoe) eliminated huey253 (Taokaka) 3-0.
• Winners semi-finals: NC|Pain (Kokonoe) beat huey253 (Taokaka) 3-0.
• Losers semi-finals: BananaKen (Kokonoe) eliminated 2GB|Combo (Relius) 2-0.
• 2GB|Combo (Relius) eliminated Wulu (Hazama) 2-0.
• BananaKen (Kokonoe) eliminated MMG|Apologyman (Hakumen) 2-0.
• Winners semi-finals: NC|Pain (Kokonoe) beat Wulu (Hazama) 2-0.
• Winners semi-finals: huey253 (Taokaka) beat BananaKen (Kokonoe) 2-0.
• 2GB|Combo (Relius) eliminated sévérine (Kokonoe) 2-1.
• MMG|Apologyman (Hakumen) eliminated TheDon323 (Litchi) 2-0.
An exhibition was held in Super Smash Bros. Melee where EMP|Mew2King battled several different players, where each side started off with 24 stocks and the one to reach 0 first would lose. Below, you'll find the results for this exhibition match-by-match.
The way the matches were played, stocks carried over from each game. So in the second game, due to having lost 3 stocks in the first game, Sfat had only one stock left to use. EMP|Mew2King, being the sole competitor for his side, had 6 sets of 4 stocks at his disposal.
EMP|Mew2King (Captain Falcon) lost 4 stocks.
MIOM|Sfat (Fox) lost 3 stocks.
EMP|Mew2King (Roy) lost 0 stocks.
MIOM|Sfat (Fox) lost 1 stock.
EMP|Mew2King (Roy) lost 1 stock.
Foosjr (Sheik) lost 4 stocks.
EMP|Mew2King (Roy) lost 3 stocks.
DisneyPeach player (Peach) lost 2 stocks.
EMP|Mew2King (Fox) lost 0 stocks.
EMP|Mew2King (Fox) lost 3 stocks.
MMG|Shroomed (Marth) lost 4 stocks.
EMP|Mew2King (Fox) lost 1 stock.
Blunted Object (Falco) lost 1 stock.
EMP|Mew2King (Marth) lost 0 stocks.
Blunted Object (Falco) lost 3 stocks.
EMP|Mew2King (Marth) lost 1 stock.
Mikeyboy|Poor Blue Falco (Falco) lost 4 stocks.
EMP|Mew2King had 11 stocks remaining when The World's stock count reached 0.
Apologyman used a team of Firebrand, Dr. Doom, Super-Skrull, Nemo used his usual squad of Nova, Dr. Strange, Spencer.
Abegen used his usual team of Tron, Thor, She-Hulk while XSK Samurai ran Magneto, Dr. Doom, Vergil.
KaneBlueRiver played his team big body squad of Hulk, Haggar, Sentinel. Kyle P used Dr. Doom, Vergil, Spencer.
Renald used Duo Lon, Benimaru, Kim and Chin. Tokido used Mr. Karate, EX Iori, Kim and Vice.
Streams courtesy of Team Khaos, Khaosgaming2, Khaosgamingtv, Logic Hole and ZodiacSmash.
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A. Escriba lo que diría en cada situación.
No, I speak .................................................... .
No, they .......................................... ................... .
No, she ................................................ ......................................... .
No, he ............................................ .................................. .
No, I ............................. ................. the ............................... ................................... .
No, ........................ ' ................................... .......................................................... .
No, ................. ' ........... .............. ........................ .
No, ............. ' ............. ........................................................ .
B. Complete las frases sobre el país e idioma de personajes famosos.
1 Marilyn Monroe was ....................... the States. She spoke ................................. .
2 Karl Marx was .................................. .................................. . He spoke German.
3 En rico Caruso was ......................... ...................... . He spoke Italian.
4 Miguel de Cervantes was ......................... .......................... . He spoke Spanish.
5 Christian Dior was ................................ France. He spoke ................................... .
6 Ned Kelly was ................................... Australia. He spoke ............................. .
7 Lenin and Stalin were ...................... Russia. .......................... spoke Russian.
C. ¿Qué preguntaría o diría en cada situación?
1 Pregunta a alguien de dónde es.
................................. .................. you come .................................?
2 Pregunta a alguien si habla inglés.
3 Diga que usted son de Japón.
.............. ' ................. from ........................................ .
4 Pregunta a alguien de dónde son unos amigos suyos (de él).
Where ............................... they .................................... ?
5 Pregunta a alguien en qué ciudad vive.
What town ............................. you ................................. in?
D. Elija la palabra adecuada, y añada otras cuando sea necesario.
I´m a businessman. I work .............. an ..................................... .
She´s a doctor. She works in ........ ....................................... .
They´re ......................................... . They work ...................... their boss.
She´s ......... ........................ . She.............................. .... ..................... a kitchen.
We´re ..................................................... . We ................... ..........................home.
I was ......... ................................... . I worked ....................... a doctor.
F. Reescriba las frases, sustituyendo los pronombres por las palabras dadas.
Would you .................... ........................... ............................... in?
Don´t .............................. ......................... radio ....................... !
Would you ........................... his ............................. ...................... ?
Can you .......................... ........................ adress ............................ ?
Please .............................. the ....................... ......................... .
G. ¿Qué diría Usted en cada situación?
1 No entiende lo que alguien está diciendo.
I´m ............................... . I don´t ..................................................... .
2 Quiere que alguien diga algo otra vez.
Would ...................... ............................ that ................................., please.
3 Pida a alguien que repita su dirección.
Can you ........................................ your ................... , please?
4 Pregunta a alguien cómo se deletrea 'Edinburgh'.
................. ... do you .................. ...............'Edinburgh'?
5 Pida a alguien que hable despacio.
Would you .................... ............................. , please?
6 Pida a alguien que rellene uno de estos formularios.
Please ........................... one of ...................................... forms ................... .
7 Pida a alguien que escriba su número de teléfono.
Could you ...................... your telephone number .................................., please?
H. Ordene las palabras para formar frases en inglés.
1 You speak English very well.
3 She always arrives late on Monday.
4 He often sings loudly.
5 Would you speak very slowly, please?
6 The speak two languages fluently.
7 I cook Spanish omelettes very well.
I. Escriba el adjetivo o el adverbio correspondientes.
J. Asocie cada persona con su trabajo.
2 Ana works at the police station.
B He´s an animal trainer.
3 Lola works in an office.
4 Javier works at the fire station.
5 Mrs García works in a hospital.
6 Mr Gonzáles works in a circus.
7 Mrs Jiménez works at the public library.
8 Jesús works in parks and gardens.
9 Luis works in a small restaurant.
10 Mrs Crespo works in a hotel.
K. Elija la forma apropiada de completar las frases.
1 You speak ... very well.
2 He opened ... very slowly.
3 He is filling ... in very quickly.
4 She is driving her ... very carefully.
5 They are singing ... very beautifully.
6 he wrote his name ... very clearly.
7 he is cooking ... very well.
8 They are listening to ... very closely.
9 She is decorating her ... very nicely.
10 He is drinking the ... very quickly.
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How to Use 1031 Exchange?
A 1031 or tax deferred exchange allows a property owner to sell 1 property and then go straight into purchasing another one in a particular period of time. The title stems from the simple fact that the trade is an exchange and not only a simple sale. Within this procedure, the tax payer is qualified for a deferred profit, as land earnings are payable from the IRS however 1031 exchanges are not. A 1031 exchange is known by the IRS as a way to defer capital gains taxation, therefore it's essential you understand what's involved, what the principles are and what the underlying goal is until it is possible to consider doing one. Expand the information about 1031 exchange www.1031gateway.com .
Any property owners that will get a replacement "like kind" piece of property ought to consider a 1031 exchange prior to the present property was sold. A property sale could incur a 15 percent capital gains tax in the present prices, but that might go up to up to 30 percent once state and federal taxes are incorporated. By doing a 1031 exchange, you can circumnavigate this before now as your house is sold for money.
Capital property investing is depreciated at 3 percent per annum on state that you hold the investment until it's depreciated fully. On selling the house, the IRS will tax you to the part that's depreciated as income taxation.
There are two baseline rules which will need to be followed, together with other stipulations put forth by the IRS, for a 1031 exchange. The first rule is that the replacement "like kind" property's total price has to be exactly the same as, or higher than, the whole net sale overall of this property which was relinquished. The next rule is that each of the equity which was obtained because of the sale of this property which was relinquished should be utilised in obtaining the new "like kind" property. In case the value of the acquired land declines, taxation will apply to the gap. Enhance the important knowledge that you can get about 1031 Gateway .
Not following both of the rules will lead to tax liability for the individual doing the 1031 exchange. After the replacement property is reduced in value than the acquired property, the individual will incur a tax obligation. Additionally, if all of the equity isn't moved the "like kind" property tax rules will also apply. Partial exchanges may also be achieved, and these are often also qualified for a partial deferral of taxation.
Just a Qualified Intermediary (QI) can take care of the profits of the sale of this initial property, otherwise all profits will be considered taxable. The whole volume obtained in the sale has to be spent in the brand new property purchase, and If any money is kept from the profits it'll be taxable. It's also Important to be aware that this doesn't just apply to money. Even if you don't physically get the money, but your accountability on the acquired land declines, you will nevertheless be taxed. To read more to our most important info about 1031 exchange click the link http://www.huffingtonpost.com/phil-jemmett/the-basics-of-a-1031-like_b_4639787.html .
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For he will command his angels concerning you to guard you in all your ways; they will lift you up in their hands, so that you will not strike your foot against a stone. You will tread upon the lion and the cobra; you will trample the great lion and the serpent. Likewise, the representation of the eagle could be a reference to one of the apostles or again to the psalm: Surely he will save you from the fowler's snare and from the deadly pestilence. He will cover you with his feathers, and under his wings you will find refuge; his faithfulness will be your shield and rampart. Context: Several generations of the Pisano family had worked in and around the Pisa complex where this was found. The Catholic Church at this point in time was the major patron of the arts. It was not unusual for several generations of artists or workers to work on a single church or structure.
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how do you defend against the above?
To shield electronics from EMP or EMI, the equipment needs to be encased in a metal housing, often in the form of what is known as a Faraday cage. The openings to that housing would be sealed with electrically conductive gaskets. The housings can range from tiny, such as the metal soldered on printed circuit boards, to housings that are the size of rooms that protect critical electronic equipment inside.
The cables and/or wires entering the housing need to be shielded as well, because without such shielding, a cable or wire acts as an antenna that carries an EMP or other EMI directly into the device. The shielding of such cables typically consists of a wire mesh. conduit—the metal case through which wires and cables can be placed—may work as well, for facility-level shielding.
I would suggest, however, for a cheap solution, adapting the following to your proportional needs.
I wouldn't really worry about the emp. The nuclar blasts that created it would get all my attention.
There are many things that can cause EMP other than nuke blasts, some intentional, and some not. Also, the methods to protect from EMP also go hand in hand with protecting from TEMPEST. Most definitely a worthwhile investment when dealing with sensitive data.
Sorry to seem "picky" but what is your question about?
1. Data security re EMP/EMF.................as in TEMPEST, nonstop etc.?
2. Physical equipment security............as in continued functionality?
The question may have been prompted by a recent US TV episode of Threshold, where a small EMP generator was used to take out all the computer-chip-based devices in a 100-mile radius of the center of Miami or something--and save the world!. Yes, you can generate an EMP and disable solid-state circuit and microchip-based technology within range of the device. To get 100-mile radius would require an immense amount of power and I doubt very much that the EMP generator capable of that kind of power would fit in a pickup (reference Electronic Devices for the Evil Genius).
Like the movie ' Small Soldiers ' where they blow the transformer by overloading the system causing an EMP shorting out the chips.
Well, suspension of disbelief was already extended to the animation of Small Soldiers in that movie. In Threshold, suspension of disbelief should be limited to the alien invasion. Adding impossible technology and generally bad science just blows the whole thing.
Isn't that Asimov's Principle? Solid SF allows for suspension of disbelief in just one thing?
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Frustration with school or social situations often leads to anger. A dyslexic may feel Angry with school and parents and it is very common for dyslexics to vent anger on parents especially mothers in the safety of the home.
Dyslexics tend to be physically and socially immature in comparison to their peers. This social immaturity often leads to awkward social situations. Often they are teased and ostracized by schoolmates as a result of their learning difficulty.
Some dyslexics have difficulty with reading social cues such as personal distance and body language which is a disadvantage as they enter adolescence.
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Donegal or Donegal Town ( or ; Irish: Dún na nGall, meaning "fort of the foreigners") is a town in County Donegal in Ulster, Ireland. The name was historically written in English as 'Dunnagall' or 'Dunagall'. Donegal gave its name to County Donegal, although Lifford is now the county town. From the 1470s until the very early 17th century, Donegal was the 'capital' of Tyrconnell (Irish: Tír Chonaill), a Gaelic kingdom controlled by the O'Donnell dynasty of the Northern Uí Néill. Donegal sits at the mouth of the River Eske and Donegal Bay, which is overshadowed by the Blue Stack Mountains ('the Croaghs'). The town is bypassed by the N15 and N56 roads. The centre of the town, known as The Diamond, is a hub for music, poetic and cultural gatherings in the area.
There is archaeological evidence for settlements around the town dating to prehistoric times, including the remains of ringforts and other defensive earthworks.
Saint Patrick was captured by raiders from the clans governed by Niall of the Nine Hostages, and this region is that to which Patrick returned, being familiar with the people, language, customs and lands. The first clan to convert to Christianity as the result of St Patrick's efforts was Clan Connaill (also known at one time as Clan Dálaigh: in English, this is pronounced Daley and it translates as "one in a leadership role"). Connall was a son of Niall of the Nine Hostages. As a result of their acceptance of Christianity, Patrick blessed the clan members; the sign of the cross appeared on the chieftain's shield and this became not only the heraldic device for the clan but also for County Donegal.
Donegal Town itself is famous for being the former centre of government of the O'Donnell dynasty, the great Gaelic royal family who ruled Tír Chonaill in west Ulster for centuries and who played a pivotal rôle in Irish history. Their original homeland lay further to the north in the area of Kilmacrennan. From the 15th to the 17th century, they were an important part of the opposition to the colonisation of Ireland by England. The town itself contains Donegal Castle, on the banks of the River Eske, and the remains of Donegal Abbey a Franciscan abbey which dates back to the 15th century on the Southern shore of the Bay. The Annals of the Four Masters may have been partially written in the old abbey in the 1630s. The story of Hugh Roe O'Donnell (Aodh Rua Ó Domhnaill, also known as "Red" Hugh II), Lord of Tyrconnell, was the inspiration behind many books and films, not least, Disney's The Fighting Prince of Donegal.
In 1601 the Siege of Donegal took place during the Nine Years' War. After the Flight of the Earls from near Rathmullan in September 1607, the castle and its lands were seized by the English Crown and given to an Englishman, Captain Basil Brooke, as part of the Plantation of Ulster. Viscount Brookeborough was granted the castle around 1611 and he proceeded to carry out major reconstruction work and added a wing to the castle in the Jacobean style. The current plan of the town was also laid out by Brooke, including an attractive town square known as The Diamond. From the late 17th until the early 20th centuries, Donegal Town formed part of the vast estates of the Gore family (from 1762 Earls of Arran in the Peerage of Ireland) and it was during their ownership that the town took on its present appearance. Donegal Borough returned two members to the Irish House of Commons, the lower house of the Parliament of Ireland, until the Acts of Union 1800 came into force in January 1801. Evidence of the Great Famine still exists, including a workhouse, whose buildings are now part of the local hospital, and many famine graves.
Dedicated to Saint Patrick and 'the Four Masters', this Catholic church was built in the early 1930s and was completed in 1935. Known locally as 'the Chapel' or 'the Town Chapel', it was designed by Ralph Byrne, the famous Dublin architect, in a mixed neo-Irish Romanesque and neo-Gothic style.
This Church of Ireland church was built in a simple Gothic style mainly in the late 1820s and was completed in 1828. The main church appears to have been designed by a Mr Graham of Donegal Town. A chancel was added in 1890. The chancel of 1890 was designed by the office of J. Guy Ferguson in Derry and built in a neo-Gothic style by James McClean builders from Strabane.
There are many sandy beaches in the area of Donegal, such as Murvagh beach, and some boasting good surfing conditions, such as Rossnowlagh. Donegal is also used as a base for hill-walking in the nearby Blue Stack Mountains. The town has many hotels catering for visitors, and nearby towns such as Letterkenny offer public swimming pools, cinemas and large shopping centres.
Like most clothing manufacturers in Ireland, the size of the workforce has been in decline for many years. Donegal also has a long tradition of weaving carpets. Donegal Carpets have been made in Killybegs for over one hundred years and have been found in Áras an Uachtaráin, the University of Notre Dame and the White House.
The Bus Éireann service number 64 Derry/Galway route: this makes several other stops including Letterkenny and Sligo (which allows for rail connections by Iarnród Éireann, from Sligo Mac Diarmada railway station in Sligo to Dublin Connolly railway station. This route also allows for rail connections from Londonderry railway station to Belfast, via Coleraine. The number 30 Donegal Town/Dublin route which makes stops at other key towns such as Enniskillen (which provides connections to Belfast via Ulsterbus). Two private companies operate the other routes: 'McGeehan Bus' operates a regular service, from Glencolumbcille and Dungloe in West Donegal to Dublin Airport and Busáras in Dublin, which passes through the town; while Feda O'Donnell Coaches (also known as Bus Feda) operates a regular Glenties/Galway service that stops in Donegal.
Donegal railway station opened on 16 September 1889 and finally closed on 1 January 1960. The site of the old station is now used by CIÉ as a bus depot while the actual building is the home of the Donegal Railway Centre.
Donegal town is home to many amateur sports clubs. The most popular sport in the area is Gaelic football and the local GAA club is Four Masters. The club also has been developing hurling. Other popular sports include soccer, rugby union, basketball and track and field.
Donegal Town was host to the final stage of the World Rally Championship on 1 February 2009 and was viewed by 68 million people worldwide.
The town is home to the regional newspapers Donegal Democrat and Donegal Post and the local Donegal Times newspaper. The Northwest Express regional newspaper is also distributed throughout the town and surrounding county, as is The Derry Journal. Ocean FM, an independent local radio station from Collooney in County Sligo, has one of its three studios in the town, which broadcasts to most of south County Donegal. Highland Radio, which is based in Letterkenny, can also be received in the town.
Donegal Town was host to the final stage of the World Rally Championship on 1 February 2009 and viewed by 68 million people worldwide.
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1809–94, American author and physician, b. Cambridge, Mass., grad. Harvard (B.A., 1829; M.D., 1836); father of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. He began his medical career as a general practitioner but shifted into the academic field, becoming professor of anatomy and physiology at Dartmouth (1838–40), dean of the Harvard medical school (1847–53), and Parkman professor of anatomy and physiology at Harvard (1847–82). A stimulating and popular speaker, he published two important medical lectures, one in opposition to the practice of homeopathy and the other on the nature of fevers. His first important poem, "Old Ironsides" (1830), was a protest against the scrapping of the fighting ship Constitution. A collection of his witty occasional poems was published in 1836. In 1857 he began to contribute to the Atlantic Monthly (which he named) the famous series of "Breakfast-table" sketches, which were collected in The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table (1858) and several subsequent volumes. These urbane pieces present imaginary conversations at a Boston boardinghouse, reflecting Holmes's opinions, charm, and wit. The first volume includes several poems, of which the most famous are the ironic "Deacon's Masterpiece" and "The Chambered Nautilus." Among his other notable works are three novels presenting a scientific approach to psychological traits, most notably Elsie Venner (1861); and biographies of his friends John Lothrop Motley (1879) and Ralph Waldo Emerson (1855).
1841–1935, American jurist, associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1902–32), b. Boston; son of the writer Oliver Wendell Holmes. He served (1861–64) with distinction in the Civil War, took a law degree at Harvard (1866), and began practice in Boston in 1867. Holmes taught (1870–73) constitutional law and jurisprudence at Harvard while editing the American Law Review and the 12th edition (1873) of Kent's Commentaries. In 1880, Holmes delivered a series of lectures on common law at the Lowell Institute. In them he attacked prevailing views of jurisprudence and proposed new conceptions of the origin and nature of law. He maintained that the law could be understood only as a response to the needs of the society it regulated, and that it was useless to consider it merely a body of rules developed logically by legal theorists. With the publication of the Lowell lectures in 1881, Holmes achieved international recognition. He became (1882) professor of law at Harvard and several months later was appointed to the Massachusetts supreme judicial court. There he served for 20 years, becoming chief justice in 1899. He was appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1902.
(1809–94) physician, poet, writer; born in Cambridge, Mass. The son of a Congregational minister, he was his class poet at Harvard College; he stayed on to study law but changed to medicine; he spent two years studying medicine in Paris, then returned to take his M.D. from Harvard (1836) and start a private practice; from 1838–40 he taught anatomy at Dartmouth, but then he returned to Boston to practice medicine. He invented an early stethoscope; suggested the term "anestesia" (from the Greek for "no feeling") for the state induced by the new gases; published two influential medical works, Homeopathy and Kindred Delusions (1842) and The Contagiousness of Puerperal Fever (1843); and became Parkman Professor of Anatomy and Physiology at Harvard (1847–82). But long before this he had been gaining a parallel reputation as a poet and writer. In 1830 his poem "Old Ironsides" galvanized national sentiment to save the USS Constitution from destruction. While still a graduate student he published two essays in the New England Magazine under the title "The Autocrat at the Breakfast Table" and in the late 1850s, The Atlantic Monthly, which he had founded in 1857 with James Russell Lowell, began to publish his essays and poems. The essays were collected in a book, The Autocrat at the Breakfast Table, and this led to several other collections of his essays. Two of his poems were household classics in their day—"The Chambered Nautilus" and "The Deacon's Masterpiece." He also wrote three novels about psychologically disturbed characters, of which Elsie Venner (1861) was the most successful. He wrote a biography of his friend, Ralph Waldo Emerson (1885).
(1841–1935) Supreme Court justice; born in Boston, Mass. (son of Oliver Wendell Holmes, 1809–94). Raised among Boston's intellectual community, he fought for the Union in the Civil War and was seriously wounded three times. After the war, he entered a private law practice in Boston and edited the American Law Review and the twelfth edition of James Kent's legal classic, Commentaries on American Law (1873) as well as penning the essays that comprised his seminal work, The Common Law (1881). He served the Massachusetts Supreme Court (1882–1902), as chief justice from 1899. President Theodore Roosevelt named him to the U.S. Supreme Court (1902–32), where he was known as "The Great Dissenter" for the clarity and verve with which he wrote his frequent dissenting opinions. Although since revered by liberals for his opinions on such issues as free speech, during his tenure on the Supreme Court he promoted judicial restraint, believing that lawmaking was better left to the constituents and the legislature. He retired from the bench at the age of 91.
Experience: On the Historical Imagination of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.
Fittingly, I had just sat down for a good boiled egg at the breakfast table when I took up Peter Gibian's Oliver Wendell Holmes and the Culture of Conversation.
Three generations of imbeciles are enough," declared Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, writing for the 8 to 1 majority of the Supreme Court in 1927.
The famous jurist Oliver Wendell Holmes once remarked that "even a dog distinguishes between being stumbled over and being kicked.
1-3 THE COLLECTED WORKS OF JUSTICE HOLMES: COMPLETE PUBLIC WRITINGS AND SELECTED JUDICIAL OPINIONS OF OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES (Sheldon M.
American sage Oliver Wendell Holmes said: "I pay my tax bills more readily than any others for I get civilised society for it.
I like to pay taxes," said legendary Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes.
ALSCHULER, LAW WITHOUT VALUES: THE LIFE, WORK, AND LEGACY OF JUSTICE HOLMES 21-22 (2000) (quoting Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
Menand presents and discusses a number of people, then focuses principally on the lives, work, and thought of four figures who, he thinks, were central to that development: Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
The protagonists are William James, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.
Wednesday, June 19, 1918 -- an otherwise unremarkable day in history -- was the morning of a chance meeting between Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.
Brothers Alfred "Tup" and Oliver Wendell Holmes challenge the status quo to become the first blacks to legally play golf at a public facility in Atlanta.
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Do you have a child who loves fairies? Try making them some simple fairy dust to add to their fairy adventures. You can make fairy dust for them to sprinkle outside or even edible fairy dust to sweeten and add color to their meals. Use one of these methods to add some sparkle and magic to your child's day.
Gather the materials you will need. Making fairy dust to sprinkle outside simply requires glitter, in any colors you like, and a non-toxic powder. The powder you use can vary. You can use talcum powder, sidewalk chalk, which you will need to grind into a powder, or salt.
You may also want to get a fun container, such as a small decorative bottle, to hold the fairy dust. Whatever you use to hold the fairy dust, it's a good idea to use something with a sturdy lid.
The amounts of glitter and powder you will need varies depending on how much fairy dust you want to make but the ratio of glitter of talcum powder should be 2 to 1.
Any glitter will work for this method but buying super fine glitter will make the best fairy dust.
Combine the glitter and powder in a bowl. Mix the two together until they are completely combined.
Put the fairy dust into a small bottle or container. Be sure to close the container securely, so that the fairy dust doesn't get accidentally spilled in your house.
You may need to use a funnel to get the fairy dust into a container, depending on how small the opening is. If you don't have one, simply roll up a small piece of paper into a funnel shape and use a piece of tape to keep it in that shape. Cut the bottom of the funnel shape with a pair of scissors, making sure that the bottom of the funnel will fit into the container you want to put the fairy dust in.
Give the fairy dust to your child. Make sure that they play with it outside, as throwing this fairy dust inside will make a horrible mess. Most kids will enjoy simply throwing small handfuls into the air and watching the sparkles fly through the air!
Do not let your child eat this fairy dust. It is not edible and could cause problems they ingest it.
Gather the materials you will need. Edible fairy dust is simply made with sugar and food coloring. Figure out how much fairy dust you want to make, this will determine how much sugar to use. Perhaps you can try this method for the first time with one cup of sugar.
You will also need a bowl to mix the fairy dust in, a pan to cook it in, and a container to store it in.
Some people like to put edible fairy dust in a sugar or salt shaker, so that it can be used to dust the fairy dust on food. A shaker like this should be available in most kitchen supply stores.
Mix the sugar and food coloring in a bowl. The ratio of sugar to food coloring will vary, depending on how much fairy dust you are making. Start by adding just a few drops of food coloring to the sugar and mix until the color is spread evenly throughout the sugar.
If the color is to your liking simply stop adding food color at this point. If you would like a stronger color, add a few more drops and mix again. You can keep adding color gradually until the color of the sugar is bright enough.
Pour the colored sugar onto a pan and put it into an oven preheated to 350 degrees. Cook the sugar for approximately 10 minutes.
The sugar is cooked so that the color becomes fixed into the sugar. In essence, the heat of the oven will dry out the food coloring, making it less messy and permanently colored.
Pull the sugar out of the oven and let cool to room temperature. Once cooled, break the sugar apart if it has melted together at all.
You can break the sugar apart by putting it in a strong plastic bag and then hitting the bag with a meat tenderizer or some other heavy kitchen tool, such as a rolling pin.
Put the sugar in a container, such as a sugar or salt shaker. The sugar "fairy dust" should keep indefinitely, as it is simply sugar covered in food coloring. You can store it in your kitchen cabinet at room temperature.
Shake the "fairy dust" onto your kids favorite food. The fairy dust will make any meal more colorful and magical.
This "fairy dust" is great dusted onto a wide variety of foods. It can be added to buttered toast, ice cream, or cereal, anything that will be made more delicious with the addition of a little color and a little sweetness.
Where can I get glitter?
You can buy it from an arts and crafts shop. If you'd like the super fine glitter, try the scrapbooking aisle. You can also find cosmetic grade glitter in a beauty supply shop. This glitter is usually sold in smaller amounts and is very fine.
What color should a dream fairy be?
It could be dark blue like the night sky, or you could make it white or pale yellow like the moon.
Are there different types of fairies?
There certainly are, although this depends on what source you draw upon. Some of the basic types of fairies include winter, spring, midnight, light, musical, earthly, fire, water fairies, and many more besides. Read widely across literature from different times to find your favorite fairies.
Do I need someone to bless the pixie dust to make it real?
Not at all! You can bless it yourself, or ask your mother to bless it for you. You can also leave it out on your windowsill at night, and let the moon shine on it.
What colour is an ice fairy's fairy dust?
Try mixing light blue and dark blue fairy dust for an ice fairy.
What if people make fun of me for my fairy dust?
Don't care about what others think. If you can't help it, try to distance yourself from them. If people make fun of you, they are not good friends. If all else fails, don't use your fairy dust in public.
What color should a water fairy be?
It can be blue, turquoise, or you can do any shade of blueish green, depending on the fairy in question.
Will I get to see the fairy?
You can, but usually you don't see any fairies because of their magic which they use to disappear.
I want to make real pixie dust. How can I do it?
This requires using real roses. Get fresh rose petals and allow them to dry -- see How to Dry Rose Petals. When dried, blend them a little to break them down. Then get extremely fine sand. Mix with the ground rose petals to form the pixie dust.
Can I buy already-made fairy dust anywhere?
Yes. You can buy fairy dust from artist/crafter websites, such as Etsy. You can also find them at craft fairs and Renaissance fairs. Lastly, you can easily buy the glitter to make your own fairy dust in the scrapbooking section of an arts and crafts shop.
Don't throw fairy dust directly at anyone. It would be very painful if it got in their eyes.
To make edible fairy dust, start by slowly mixing food coloring into sugar until you get just the right shade. Next, preheat the oven to 350°F (165°C). Pour the colored sugar into a pan. Put it in the oven for 10 minutes to set the color. Once the sugar has cooled, break apart any clumps. Put it in a salt shaker or a sealed container. Shake your fairy dust onto anything from buttered toast to muffins to ice cream!
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 120,512 times.
"This was very helpful. When I made the fairy dust, it turned out just like the pictures, thanks."
"I really liked how you made the edible fairy dust, thank you so much for helping me make it!"
"I love fairies. Thanks very much for telling about how to make fairy accessories. "
"The sugar fairy dust is the most helpful. It makes food colorful and fun."
"I liked that it had two different types of fairy dust to make."
"I really liked the good questions below. Thanks! "
"To not throw it directly at someone else."
"Thanks so much for posting this."
"Making the color more vibrant."
"This is a great idea!"
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Does this seem like a familiar scenario in your life? Stress is always with us controlling what we do and how we feel. if you're stressed you do things faster and in an unhappier way. you either become aggressive towards other people as a form of releasing the stress or you become submissive by hiding the stress.
By being submissive and hiding your stress, it internally eats at you hurting your emotions and your relationships. By being aggressive towards another person, you temporarily feel relief, but then reality kicks in as you feel more stressed from hurting the other person.
1) Leave others alone - if the other person is not involved, leave them alone. it is so tempting to release your stress on other people. Do not treat people inappropriately. By treating them the way they do not want to be treated, you build up their stress which they will be happy to put back on you. if someone is causing stress, you need to address the person explaining to them how you feel, why you feel that way, and what can be done to solve the problem.
2) Responsiblity - When you take responsibility, you live in truth. you do not become a victim of others. you begin to control and create your feelings. you stop blaming others for what has happened to you and you become proactive controlling thoughts, feelings, and stresses. By accepting responsibility as way of managing stress, you begin self-control.
3) Stop worrying - worrying is extremely dangerous for your health. By worrying you increase the chances of having a heart-attack and you become miserable which damages your relationships. Worrying is about anticipating what's to come and doing nothing about it. if you did do something in anticipation of the future, you would then be planning and not worrying. you try to think what will happen in the near future, but nothing more then unnecessary thoughts occur. "What if..." "What will happen..." . STOP LIVING in the FUTURE and think about what you can fully control now. That is, think about today!
4) Self-control - you are in complete control of your emotions. Its learning to manage your mind that you correctly manage your stress. This is where your self discipline kicks in. Other people do not have access to your mind unless you give them the authorisation. you have complete control of your emotions and actions. However, you're ability to be in control of your emotions and actions is dependent on your desire, discipline, and skill set.
5) Self understanding - you need to manage yourself and control your emotions. you need to be aware if you are treating a person in an appropriate way because of the stress. you need to know that you are stressed, why you are stressed, and ways to manage the stress.
6) Don't stay still - When feeling down, it is easy to throw in the towel and give up. Winston Churchill said "If you are going through hell, keep going." Don't stop and give up. I encourage you to stop, relax, and be smart, but do not lose the perserverance to keep going. if you are going through a bad patch in life, by stopping there you remain in the bad patch.
7) Get away - you may just need to go away for a bit to refresh your mind. if you can afford a holiday, go for it! For those who can't do that, go for a walk or work-out. By being active you release hormones that counteract stress. Also, by being away from the stress it clears your mind by taking it away from the problem.
Stress is not meant to make us miserable. We are given the ability to produce stress to complete tasks otherwise we would be sitting on our lazy backsides. Learn these ways to manage your stress, and you'll have stress working for you and not you for it.
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You are a dangerous Ninja who has to build bridges. The goal of the game is to move yourself from one block to another by building a bridge which connect the blocks. It?s incredibly addictive, and it is impossible to put it down! It is the perfect game to relax yourself and have fun during your spare time!
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Confused over 'moderate' and 'vigorous' intensity!
This is an excellent question! It is always crucial to define the intensity categories based on your own efforts as this is what will determine your calorie output. Another person’s exercise intensity and fitness level versus yours is irrelevant and it is hard not to compare in class situations but only your workout matters.
If you feel you are working to your max – so on a 1-10 scale for effort/intensity you are between 8-10 out of 10 then that would class as ‘vigorous’. If you feel a workout was between 5-8 than that would class as moderate.
Obviously the nature of a class may limit you reaching a 10, so for example a Pilates or yoga class may still only feel like a 5-6 when you push yourself with each move, compared to pushing yourself in a Zumba or Bodypump class.
One other variable that you can also give some thought to when choosing your intensity level is the amount of muscle groups an exercise / class involves. The more muscle groups that are involved, (so a class that has a total body approach and targets legs, arms, core etc) as opposed to lesser groups, will increase the intensity of the class/exercise.
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NOTE: This size is recommended for cameras that are 20" (50cm) or less from the rear of the camera body to the front of the lens hood.
The Storm Jacket Pro model has an opening at the bottom that makes it easier to get your hand inside to focus the lens manually or to mount the camera on a tripod or monopod. The velcro opening is several inches long to facilitate a wide variety of configurations, quick-release plates, and gimbals. The opening at the bottom is the only difference between Pro and Standard models.
Pro Models are not available in small and only come in Black and Camouflage colors.
The model or brand of SLR that you own does not make any difference when choosing the size of the cover. In fact, all Storm Jackets have the same internal diameter (8") for the front and rear openings, so the only difference between S, M, L, XL, XXL is the length of the cover from front to back. In other words, what matters when selecting a size is the length from the rear of your camera's body to the front of the lens hood when the zoom is fully-extended.
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Extreme Racing: Simulation style racing games strive to convincingly replicate the handling of an automobile. They often license real cars or racing leagues, but will use fantasy cars built to resemble real ones if unable to acquire them.Although these racing simulators are specifically built for people with a high grade of driving skill, it is not uncommon to find aids that can be enabled from the game menu. The most common aids are traction control (TC), anti-lock brakes, steering assistance, damage resistance, clutch assistance, automatic gearbox, etc. This softens the learning curve for the difficult handling characteristics of most racing cars.The Formula One World Championship has a fan base all over the world and is one of the racing series with the most simulation adaptations.Some of these racing simulators are customizable, as game fans have decoded the tracks, cars and executable files. Large internet communities have grown around the simulators regarded as the most realistic and many websites host internet championships..
description: Simulation style racing games strive to convincingly replicate the handling of an automobile. They often license real cars or racing leagues, but will use fantasy cars built to resemble real ones if unable to acquire them.Although these racing simulators are specifically built for people with a high grade of driving skill, it is not uncommon to find aids that can be enabled from the game menu. The most common aids are traction control (TC), anti-lock brakes, steering assistance, damage resistance, clutch assistance, automatic gearbox, etc. This softens the learning curve for the difficult handling characteristics of most racing cars.The Formula One World Championship has a fan base all over the world and is one of the racing series with the most simulation adaptations.Some of these racing simulators are customizable, as game fans have decoded the tracks, cars and executable files. Large internet communities have grown around the simulators regarded as the most realistic and many websites host internet championships.
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The energy policy of the United States is determined by federal, state and local entities in the United States, which address issues of energy production, distribution, and consumption, such as building codes and gas mileage standards. Energy policy may include legislation, international treaties, subsidies and incentives to investment, guidelines for energy conservation, taxation and other public policy techniques.
Several mandates have been proposed over the years, such as gasoline will never exceed $1.00/gallon (Nixon), and the United States will never again import as much oil as it did in 1977 (Carter), but no comprehensive long-term energy policy has been proposed, although there has been concern over this failure. Three Energy Policy Acts have been passed, in 1992, 2005, and 2007, which include many provisions for conservation, such as the Energy Star program, and energy development, with grants and tax incentives for both renewable energy and non-renewable energy.
There is also criticism that federal energy policies since the 1973 oil crisis have been dominated by crisis-mentality thinking, promoting expensive quick fixes and single-shot solutions that ignore market and technology realities. Instead of providing stable rules that support basic research while leaving plenty of scope for American entrepreneurship and innovation, congresses and presidential administrations have repeatedly backed policies which promise solutions that are politically expedient, but whose prospects are doubtful, without adequate consideration of the dollar costs, environmental costs, or national security costs of their actions.
State-specific energy-efficiency incentive programs also play a significant role in the overall energy policy of the United States. The United States refused to endorse the Kyoto Protocol, preferring to let the market drive CO2 reductions to mitigate global warming, which will require CO2 emission taxation. The administration of Barack Obama has proposed an aggressive energy policy reform, including the need for a reduction of CO2 emissions, with a cap and trade program, which could help encourage more clean renewable, sustainable energy development. Thanks to new technologies such as fracking, the United States has in 2014 resumed its former role as the top oil producer in the world.
In the Colonial era the energy policy of the United States was for free use of standing timber for heating and industry. In the 19th century, new emphasis was placed on access to coal and its use for transport, heating and industry. Whales were rendered into lamp oil. Later, coal gas was fractionated for use as lighting and town gas. Natural gas was first used in America for lighting in 1816., it has grown in importance for use in homes, industry, and power plants, but natural gas production reached its U.S. peak in 1973, and the price has risen significantly since then.
Coal provided the bulk of the US energy needs well into the 20th century. Most urban homes had a coal bin and a coal fired furnace. Over the years these were replaced with oil furnaces, not because of it being cheaper but because it was easier and safer. Coal remains far cheaper than oil. The biggest use of oil has come from the development of the automobile.
US oil reserves increased until 1970, and then began to decline.
Oil became increasingly important to the United States, and, from the early 1940s, the US government and oil industry entered into a mutually beneficial collaboration to control global oil resources. By 1950, oil consumption exceeded that of coal. The abundance of oil in California, Texas, Oklahoma, as well as in Canada and Mexico, coupled with its low cost, ease of transportation, high energy density, and use in internal combustion engines, lead to its increasing use. Following World War II, oil heating boilers took over from coal burners along the Eastern Seaboard; diesel locomotives took over from coal-fired steam engines under dieselisation; oil-fired electricity plants were built; petroleum-burning buses replaced electric streetcars in a GM driven conspiracy, for which they were found guilty, and citizens bought gasoline powered cars. Interstate Highways helped make cars the major means of personal transportation. As oil imports increased, US foreign policy was inexorably drawn into Middle East politics, supporting oil-producing Saudi Arabia and patrolling the sea lanes of the Persian Gulf.
Hydroelectricity was the basis of Nikola Tesla's introduction of the U.S. electricity grid, starting at Niagara Falls, NY in 1883. Electricity generated by major dams like the Jensen Dam, TVA Project, Grand Coulee Dam and Hoover Dam still produce some of the lowest-priced ($0.08/kWh), clean electricity in America. Rural electrification strung power lines to many more areas.
Utilities have their rates set to earn a revenue stream that provides them with a constant 10% – 13% rate of return based on operating costs. Increases or decreases of the operating costs of electricity production are passed directly through to the consumers.
The federal government provided substantially larger subsidies to fossil fuels than to renewables in the 2002–2008 period. Subsidies to fossil fuels totaled approximately $72 billion over the study period, representing a direct cost to taxpayers. Subsidies for renewable fuels, totaled $29 billion over the same period.
In some cases, the U.S. has used its energy policy as a means to pursue other international goals. Richard Heinberg, a professor from Santa Rosa, California argues that a declassified CIA document shows that the U.S. used oil prices as leverage against the economy of the Soviet Union. Specifically, he argues that the U.S. intentionally worked with Saudi Arabia during the Reagan administration to keep oil prices low, thus decreasing the purchasing power of the Soviet Union's petroleum export industry. When combined with other U.S. efforts to drain Soviet resources, this was eventually a major cause in the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
United States oil production peaked in 1970 and began to decline. In 2005 imports peaked at 60% of consumption.
The United States receives approximately 84% of its energy from fossil fuels. This energy is used for transport, industry, and domestic use. The remaining portion comes primarily from Hydro and Nuclear stations. Americans constitute less than 5% of the world's population, but consumes 26% of the world's energy to produce 26% of the world's industrial output. They account for about 25% of the world's petroleum consumption, while producing only 6% of the world's annual petroleum supply.
Almost all of Canada’s energy exports go to the United States, making it the largest foreign source of U.S. energy imports. Canada is the top source of U.S. imports of oil, gas. and electricity.
In 2012, the US produced 60% of the petroleum it used, the remainder being imported. The largest sources of imported oil were Canada, Saudi Arabia, Mexico, Venezuela, and Russia. Oil imports into the US peaked in 2005, when imports supplied 60% of US consumption; they have declined since, due both to increased domestic oil production, and reduced consumption.
The 1973 oil embargo highlighted the vulnerability of the United States to oil supply disruptions when it depends on imports from nations that are either politically unstable or opposed to US interests. Perceived remedies include measures to reduce demand for petroleum (such as conservation or alternative fuels), increase the supply of petroleum (by increasing domestic production, or maintaining petroleum reserves), or enhance the reliability of foreign imports (through foreign policy). The Federal Department of Energy was started to direct the various approaches.
Conservation. A National Maximum Speed Limit of 55 mph (88 km/h) was imposed to help reduce consumption, and Corporate Average Fuel Economy (aka CAFE) standards were enacted to downsize automobile categories. Year-round Daylight Saving Time was imposed, the United States Strategic Petroleum Reserve was created and the National Energy Act of 1978 was introduced. Alternate forms of energy and diversified oil supply resulted.
Re-design of cities, telecommuting, mass transit, higher housing density and walking could also reduce automobile fuel consumption. Carpooling, flexcars, Smart cars, and shorter commutes could all reduce fuel use.
Increasing supply. The United States Strategic Petroleum Reserve was created to augment supply in case of a national emergency.
Alternative fuels. Two-thirds of U.S. oil consumption is in the transportation sector. The US – an important export country for food stocks – converted approximately 18% of its grain output to ethanol in 2008. Across the US, 25% of the whole corn crop went to ethanol in 2007. The percentage of corn going to biofuel is expected to go up. In 2006, U.S. Senators introduced the BioFuels Security Act.
The proposal has been made for a hydrogen economy, in which cars and factories would be powered by hydrogen fuel cells. However, energy would have to be used to produce the hydrogen, and hydrogen cars have been called one of the least efficient, most expensive ways to reduce greenhouse gases. Other plans include making society carbon neutral and using renewable energy, including solar, wind, and methane sources.
It has been suggested that automobiles could be powered by the following forms of energy: 60% by grid electricity, 20% by biofuels, and 20% by direct solar. Re-design of cities, telecommuting, mass transit, higher housing density and walking could also reduce automobile fuel consumption.
Enhance reliability of foreign sources One purpose of American foreign policy, especially in the Middle East, is commonly seen as securing the continued flow of petroleum exports from the region.
The proposed Keystone XL pipeline from Canada is widely perceived as a way to enhance the security of US petroleum supply.
The United States is a net importer of natural gas, most of it by pipeline from Canada, with a smaller amount of LNG from other sources. Net gas imports into the US peaked in 2007, when the country imported 16.4 percent of the natural gas it consumed, and was the world's largest net importer of natural gas. By 2013, despite growing use of natural gas in the US, net imports had fallen to 5.0 percent of consumption.
The United States mines more coal than it uses, and is an exporter of coal.
The United States is a net importer of electricity from Canada, and a net exporter to Mexico. Overall, in 2012 the US had net electricity imports of 47 thousand gigawatt-hours, which was less than 1.2% of the electrical power generated within the US.
Nuclear power in the United States depends largely on imported uranium. In 2011, US uranium mining provided 8 percent of the uranium concentrate loaded into nuclear reactors. The remainder was imported. Principal sources of imported uranium were Russia, Canada, Australia, Kazakhstan, and Namibia.
Buildings and their construction consume more energy than transportation or industrial applications, and because buildings are responsible for the largest portion of greenhouse emissions, they have the largest impact on man-made climate change. The AIA has proposed making buildings carbon neutral by 2030, meaning that the construction and operation of buildings will not require fossil fuel energy or emit greenhouse gases, and having the U.S. reduce CO2 emissions to 40 to 60% below 1990 levels by 2050.
Energy consumption can vary widely from state to state in the U.S. In 2012 for example, there was a large gap in electricity consumption by state between the top three states - Louisiana (1254 kWh/mo.), Tennessee (1217 kWh/mo.) and Mississippi (1193 kWh/mo.) - and the bottom three states - Maine (531 kWh/mo.), Hawaii (544 kWh/mo.) and Vermont (565 kWh/mo.).
When President Carter created the U.S. Department of Energy in 1977, one of their first successful projects was the Weatherization Assistance Program. During the last 30 years, this program has provided services to more than 5.5 million low-income families. On average, low-cost weatherization reduces heating bills by 31% and overall energy bills by $358 per year at current prices. Increased energy efficiency and weatherization spending has a high return on investment.
The “Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007” has a significant impact on U.S. Energy Policy. It includes funding to help improve building codes, and will make it illegal to sell incandescent light bulbs, as they are less efficient than fluorescents and LEDs.
Technologies such as passive solar building design and zero energy buildings (ZEB) have demonstrated significant new-construction energy bill reductions. The “Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007” includes funding to increase the popularity of ZEBs, photovoltaics, and even a new solar air conditioning program. Many energy-saving measures can be added to existing buildings as retrofits, but others are only cost-effective in new construction, which is why building code improvements are being encouraged. The solution requires both improved incentives for energy conservation, and new energy sources.
The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 increases average gas mileage to 35 mpg by 2020. The current administration and 2007 legislation are encouraging the near-term use of plug-in electric cars, and hydrogen cars by 2020. Toyota has suggested that their third-generation 2009 Prius may cost much less than the current model. Larger advanced-technology batteries have been suggested to make it plug-in rechargeable. Photovoltaics are an option being discussed to extend its daytime electric driving range. Improving solar cell efficiency factors will continue to make this a progressively more-cost-effective option.
About 81% of all types of energy used in the United States is derived from fossil fuels. In 2012, the largest source of the country's energy came from petroleum (36%), followed by natural gas (27%), coal (18%), renewable sources (9%) and nuclear power (8%). Amory Lovins says that the sharp and steady cost reductions in solar power has been a "stunning market success". He says that solar, wind and cheap natural gas have significantly reduced the prospects of coal and nuclear power plants around the world. John Rowe, chair of Exelon (the largest nuclear power producer in the US), has said that the nuclear renaissance is dead.
U.S. Imports of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products (Thousand Barrels), 1981–2010.
The US consumes, in 2006, 20.8 million barrels (3,310,000 m3) of petroleum a day, of which 9 million barrels (1,400,000 m3) is motor gasoline. Transportation has the highest consumption rates, accounting for approximately 68.9% of the oil used in the United States in 2006, and 55% of oil use worldwide as documented in the Hirsch report. With approximately 5% of the world's population, the United States is responsible for approximately 25% of annual global oil consumption and according to 2008 estimates has a per-person daily consumption rate more than double that of the European Union. Automobiles are the single largest consumer of oil, consuming 40%, and are also the source of 20% of the nation's greenhouse gas emissions.
The USA has about 22 billion barrels (3.5×109 m3) reserves while consuming about 7.6 billion barrels (1.21×109 m3) per year. This has created pressure for additional drilling. European gasoline prices were artificially raised to $4 per gallon through taxation long before they reached $4/gallon in the U.S., leading to better fuel economy.
Problems associated with oil supply include volatile oil prices, increasing world and domestic petroleum product demand, dependence on unstable imported foreign oil, falling domestic production (peak oil), and declining infrastructure, like the Alaska pipeline and oil refineries.
American dependence on imports grew from 10% in 1970 to 65% by the end of 2004. The Energy Information Administration projects that U.S. oil imports will remain flat and consumption will grow, so net imports will decline to 54% of U.S. oil consumption by 2030.
The subject of continued exploration for offshore drilling in the United States is a perennial debate, one which was heavily influenced in 2010 by the BP Macondo oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.
America is self-sufficient in coal. Indeed, it has several hundred years' supply of it. The United States trend in coal use has been rising from 1950 through 2007, when coal production and consumption more than doubled. The population of the US has almost doubled in this time period as well, while the per capita energy use has been declining since 1978.
Most electricity (52% in 2000) in the country is generated from coal-fired power plants: in 2006, more than 90% of coal consumed was used to generate electricity. In 1950, about 19% percent of the coal consumed was for electricity generation.
In terms of the production of energy from domestic sources, from 1885 through 1951, coal was the leading source of energy in the United States. Crude oil and natural gas then vied for that role until 1982. Coal regained the position of the top domestic resource that year and again in 1984, and has retained it since. The US burns 1 billion tons of coal every year.
Concern for climate change has led to a call for a moratorium on all coal consumption, unless carbon capture is utilized. Coal is the largest potential source of CO2 emissions.
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) is the cleanest currently operational coal-fired electricity generation technology. FutureGen is an experimental U.S. research project to investigate the possibility of sequestering IGCC CO2 emissions underground.
Natural gas production and consumption quadrupled between 1950 and 1970 to 20×10^12 cu ft (570 km3), but declined steadily to stabilize in 1986. Since then, the United States imports a rising share of its gas. In 2008 consumption of natural gas stood at 23.2×10^12 cu ft (660 km3), while domestic production was at 20.6×10^12 cu ft (580 km3). Approximately 3.0×10^12 cu ft (85 km3) were imported, mainly by pipelines from Canada, which accounted for 90% of foreign supplies, while the remainder is delivered by liquefied natural gas (LNG) tankers carrying gas from five different countries.
The largest gas producing states in 2007 were Texas (30%), Wyoming (10%), Oklahoma (9%) and New Mexico (8%), while 14% of the country's production came from the federal offshore lands in the Gulf of Mexico. Recent development in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling have increased interest for shale gas across the United States in recent years. Leading fields are the Barnett Shale in Texas and the Antrim Shale in Michigan. Natural gas reserves in the United States were 35% higher in 2008 than two years earlier largely due to shale gas discoveries.
The United States is the world's largest supplier of commercial nuclear power. As of 2010, the demand for nuclear power is softening in America, and some companies have withdrawn their applications for licenses to build. Ground has been broken on two new nuclear plants with a total of four reactors. The only reactor currently under construction in America, at Watts Bar, Tennessee, was begun in 1973 and may be completed in 2012. Of the 104 reactors now operating in the U.S., ground was broken on all of them in 1974 or earlier. In September 2010, Matthew Wald from the New York Times reported that "the nuclear renaissance is looking small and slow at the moment".
In August 2011, the head of America's largest nuclear utility said that this was not the time to build new nuclear plants, not because of political opposition or the threat of cost overruns, but because of the low price of natural gas. John Rowe, head of Exelon, said “Shale [gas] is good for the country, bad for new nuclear development".
Following the 2011 Japanese nuclear accidents, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission has announced it will launch a comprehensive safety review of the 104 nuclear power reactors across the United States, at the request of President Obama. The Obama administration "continues to support the expansion of nuclear power in the United States, despite the crisis in Japan". Following the Japanese nuclear emergency, public support for building nuclear power plants in the U.S. dropped to 43%, slightly lower than it was immediately after the Three Mile Island accident in 1979, according to a CBS News poll.
In his 2012 state-of-the-union address, Barack Obama said that America needs “an all-out, all-of-the-above strategy that develops every available source of American energy.” President Obama boasted about a Michigan wind turbine factory, America's healthy supplies of natural gas and widespread oil exploration. He urged Congress to pass tax incentives for energy efficiency, clean energy, and an end to oil-company subsidies, but made no mention of nuclear power.
In 2013, four aging reactors in the USA were permanently closed before their licenses expired because of high maintenance and repair costs at a time when natural gas prices have fallen: San Onofre 2 and 3 in California, Crystal River 3 in Florida, and Kewaunee in Wisconsin. The state of Vermont is trying to close Vermont Yankee, in Vernon. New York State is seeking to close Indian Point in Buchanan, 30 miles from New York City. Loss of nuclear generating capacity is expected to be offset by the five new nuclear reactors currently under construction, with a proposed combined capacity of more than 5,000 MW.
The Shepherds Flat Wind Farm is an 845 megawatt (MW) wind farm in the U.S. state of Oregon.
The Copper Mountain Solar Facility is a 150 MW solar photovoltaic power plant in Boulder City, Nevada.
Renewable energy in the United States accounted for 12.9 percent of the domestically produced electricity in 2013. Renewable energy reached a major milestone in the first quarter of 2011, when it contributed 11.7 percent of total U.S. energy production (2.245 quadrillion BTUs of energy), surpassing energy production from nuclear power (2.125 quadrillion BTUs). 2011 was the first year since 1997 that renewables exceeded nuclear in US total energy production.
Hydroelectric power is currently the largest producer of renewable power in the U.S. It produced around 6.2% of the nation's total electricity in 2010 which was 60.2% of the total renewable power in the U.S. The United States is the fourth largest producer of hydroelectricity in the world after China, Canada and Brazil. The Grand Coulee Dam is the 5th largest hydroelectric power station in the world.
U.S. wind power installed capacity now exceeds 60,000 MW and supplies 3% of the nation's electricity. Texas is firmly established as the leader in wind power development, followed by Iowa and California. Since the U.S. pioneered the technology with Solar One, several solar thermal power stations have also been built. The largest of these solar thermal power stations is the SEGS group of plants in the Mojave Desert with a total generating capacity of 354 MW, making the system the largest solar plant of any kind in the world. The largest photovoltaic power plant in North America is the over 200 MW Agua Caliente Solar Project in Yuma County, Arizona. The Geysers in Northern California is the largest complex of geothermal energy production in the world.
With 2,957 MW of installed geothermal capacity, the United States remains the world leader with 30% of the online capacity total. As of early 2009, 120 new projects are underway. When developed, these projects could potentially supply up to 3,979 MW of power, meeting the needs of about 4 million homes. At this rate of development, geothermal production in the United States could exceed 15,000 MW by 2025.
The development of renewable energy and energy efficiency marks "a new era of energy exploration" in the United States, according to President Barack Obama. In a joint address to the Congress on February 24, 2009, President Obama called for doubling renewable energy within the next three years. In his 2012 State of the Union address, President Barack Obama restated his commitment to renewable energy and mentioned the long-standing Interior Department commitment to permit 10,000 MW of renewable energy projects on public land in 2012.
President Barack Obama's American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 included more than $70 billion in direct spending and tax credits for clean energy and associated transportation programs. This policy-stimulus combination represents the largest federal commitment in U.S. history for renewable energy, advanced transportation, and energy conservation initiatives. As a result of these new initiatives, many more utilities are expected to strengthen their clean energy programs. In February 2011, the U.S. Department of Energy launched its SunShot Initiative, a collaborative national effort to cut the total cost of photovoltaic solar energy systems by 75% by 2020. Reaching this goal would make unsubsidized solar energy cost-competitive with other forms of electricity.
In recent years there has been an increased interest in biofuels – bioethanol and biodiesel – derived from common agricultural staples or waste. Increased domestic production of these fuels could reduce US expenditure on foreign oil and improve energy security if methods of producing and transporting the fuels do not involve heavy inputs of fossil fuels, as current agriculture does.
Most cars on the road today in the U.S. can run on blends of up to 10% ethanol, and motor vehicle manufacturers already produce vehicles designed to run on much higher ethanol blends. Portland, Oregon, recently became the first city in the United States to require all gasoline sold within city limits to contain at least 10% ethanol. Ford, Daimler AG, and GM are among the automobile companies that sell “flexible-fuel” cars, trucks, and minivans that can use gasoline and ethanol blends ranging from pure gasoline up to 85% ethanol (E85). By mid-2006, there were approximately 6 million E85-compatible vehicles on U.S. roads.
The Renewable Fuels Association counts 113 U.S. ethanol distilleries in operation and another 78 under construction, with capacity to produce 11.8 billion gallons within the next few years. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) predicts in its Annual Energy Outlook 2007 that ethanol consumption will reach 11.2 billion US gallons (42,000,000 m3) by 2012, outstripping the 7.5 billion US gallons (28,000,000 m3) required in the Renewable Fuel Standard that was enacted as part of the Energy Policy Act of 2005.
Expanding ethanol fuel (and biodiesel) industries provide jobs in plant construction, operations, and maintenance, mostly in rural communities. According to the Renewable Fuels Association, the ethanol industry created almost 154,000 U.S. jobs in 2005 alone, boosting household income by $5.7 billion. It also contributed about $3.5 billion in tax revenues at the local, state, and federal levels.
In recent years, there has been criticism about the production of ethanol fuel from food crops. However, second generation biofuels are now being produced from a much broader range of feedstocks including the cellulose in dedicated energy crops (perennial grasses such as switchgrass and Miscanthus giganteus), forestry materials, the co-products from food production, and domestic vegetable waste. Produced responsibly they are sustainable energy sources that need not divert any land from growing food, nor damage the environment.
A spiral-type integrated compact fluorescent lamp, which has been popular among North American consumers since its introduction in the mid 1990s.
The Tesla Roadster, first delivered in 2008, uses Li-Ion batteries to achieve 220 miles per charge, while also capable of going 0-60 in under 4 seconds.
There are many different types of energy efficiency innovations and these include: efficient water heaters; improved refrigerators and freezers; advanced building control technologies and advances in heating, ventilation, and cooling (HVAC); smart windows that adapt to maintain a comfortable interior environment; a steady stream of new building codes to reduce needless energy use, and compact fluorescent lights. Improvements in buildings alone, where over sixty-percent of all energy is used, save tens of billions of dollars per year.
Several states, including California, New York, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin, have consistently deployed energy efficiency innovations. Their state planners officials, citizens, and industry leaders, have found these to be very cost-effective, often providing greater service at lower personal and social cost than simply adding more fossil-fuel based supply technologies. This is the case for several reasons. Energy efficient technologies often represent upgrades in service through superior performance (e.g. higher quality lighting, heating and cooling with greater controls, or improved reliability of service through greater ability of utilities to respond to time of peak demand). So these innovations can provide a better, less expensive, service.
A wide range of energy efficient technologies have ancillary benefits of improved quality of life, such as advanced windows that not only save on heating and cooling expenses, but also make the work-place or home more comfortable. Another example is more efficient vehicles, which not only save immediately on fuel purchases, but also emit less pollutants, improving health and saving on medical costs to the individual and to society.
In 1994, Amory Lovins developed the design concept of the Hypercar. This vehicle would have ultra-light construction with an aerodynamic body using advanced composite materials, low-drag design, and hybrid drive. Designers of the Hypercar claim that it would achieve a three- to fivefold improvement in fuel economy, equal or better performance, safety, amenity, and affordability, compared with today's cars. Lovins says the commercialisation of the Hypercar began in 2014, with the production of the all-carbon electric BMW i-3 family and the 313 miles per gallon Volkswagen XL1.
An incentive resulting from US energy policy is a factor that provides motive for a specific course of action regarding the use of energy. In the U.S. most energy policy incentives take the form of financial incentives. Examples of these include tax breaks, tax reductions, tax exemptions, rebates, loans and specific funding. Throughout US history there have been many incentives created through U.S. energy policy. Most recently the Energy Policy Act of 2005, Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, and Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, each promote various energy efficiency improvements and encourage development of specific energy sources. U.S. Energy policy incentives can serve as a strategic manner to develop certain industries that plan to reduce America’s dependence on foreign petroleum products and create jobs and industries that boost the national economy. The ability to do this depends upon which industries and products the government chooses to subsidize.
The 2012 budget that President Obama submitted to Congress calls for a 70 percent increase over the 2011 allocation for federal research and development activities related to renewable energy. The Office of Science in the Department of Energy would receive $2.0 billion for basic energy sciences to discover new ways to produce, store and use energy. Included in that amount are allocations of $457 million for solar energy; $341 million for biofuels and biomass R&D, including a new reverse auction to promote advanced biofuels; and more than doubling investment in geothermal energy to $102 million. The budget includes funding to accelerate the deployment of new models of energy research pioneered in the last several years, including $550 million for the Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy, a program that supports breakthrough ideas.
Public investment can enable the development of infrastructure projects through the use of public funds, grants, loans or other financing options. These funds provide a means for allocating the capital necessary for the development of renewable energy technologies.
Federal tax incentives can be designed to accelerate market adoption, create jobs, encourage investment in a public good (reduced pollution) or encourage investment in renewable technology research and development. The Production Tax Credit (PTC) reduces the federal income taxes of qualified tax-paying owners of renewable energy projects based on the electrical output (measured in kWh) of grid-connected renewable energy facilities. The Investment Tax Credit (ITC) reduces federal income taxes for qualified tax-paying owners based on dollars of capital investment in renewable energy projects. The Advanced Energy Manufacturing Tax Credit (MTC) awards tax credits to new, expanded, or re-equipped domestic manufacturing facilities that support clean energy development.
The Department of Energy’s Loan Guarantee Program, established by the Energy Policy Act of 2005 and enhanced by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, attempts to pave the way for investor support of clean energy projects by providing a guarantee of financing up to 80% of the project cost. The program is scheduled to end on September 30, 2011, unless Congress passes further legislation.
A Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) is a mandate that requires electricity providers to supply to their customers a minimum amount of power from renewable sources, usually as a percentage of total energy use. As of June 2010, such standards have been enacted in 31 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. For example, Governor Jerry Brown signed legislation requiring California's utilities to get 33 percent of their electricity from renewable energy sources by the end of 2020. Congress has considered a national RPS since 1997: the Senate has passed legislation three times, and the House once. As of April 2011, both houses have not acted in unison to pass legislation.
Consumers who purchase hybrid vehicles are eligible for a tax credit that depends upon the type of vehicle and the difference in fuel economy in comparison to vehicles of similar weights. These credits range from several hundred dollars to a few thousand dollars. Homeowners can receive a tax credit up to $500 for energy efficient products like insulation, windows, doors, as well as heating and cooling equipment. Homeowners who install solar electric systems can receive a 30% tax credit and homeowners who install small wind systems can receive a tax credit up to $4000. Geothermal heat pumps also qualify for tax credits up to $2,000.
Recent energy policy incentives have provided, among other things, billions of dollars in tax reductions for nuclear power, fossil fuel production, clean coal technologies,renewable electricity production, and conservation and efficiency improvements.
Although exceeded by China, the United States has historically been the world's largest producer of greenhouse gases. Some states, however, are much more prolific polluters than others. The state of Texas produces approximately 1.5 trillion pounds of carbon dioxide yearly, more than every nation in the world except five (and the United States): China, Russia, Japan, India, and Germany.
Despite signing the Kyoto Protocol, the United States has neither ratified nor withdrawn from it. In the absence of ratification it remains non-binding on the US.
The Obama Administration has promised to take specific action towards mitigation of climate change. In addition, at state and local levels, there are currently a number of initiatives. As of March 11, 2007, mayors of 418 US cities in 50 states have endorsed the Kyoto protocol, after Mayor Greg Nickels of Seattle started a nationwide effort to get cities to agree to the protocol. As of January 18, 2007, eight Northeastern US states are involved in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), a state level emissions capping and trading program.
On August 31, 2006, the California Legislature reached an agreement with Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger to reduce the state's greenhouse-gas emissions, which rank at 12th-largest carbon emitter in the world, by 25 percent by the year 2020. This resulted in the Global Warming Solutions Act which effectively puts California in line with the Kyoto limitations, but at a date later than the 2008–2012 Kyoto commitment period.
In the non-binding 'Washington Declaration' agreed on February 16, 2007, the United States, together with Presidents or Prime Ministers from Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, United Kingdom, Brazil, China, India, Mexico and South Africa agreed in principle on the outline of a successor to the Kyoto Protocol. They envisage a global cap-and-trade system that would apply to both industrialized nations and developing countries, and hoped that this would be in place by 2009.
Chemistry Professor Nathan Lewis at Caltech estimates that to keep atmospheric carbon levels below 750 ppm, a level at which serious climate change would occur, by the year 2050, the United States would need to generate twice as much energy from renewable sources as is generated by all power sources combined today. However, current research indicates that even carbon dioxide concentrations in excess of 450 ppm would result in irreversible global climate change.
The book, Carbon-Free and Nuclear-Free, A Roadmap for U.S. Energy Policy, by Arjun Makhijani, argues that in order to meet goals of limiting global warming to 2 °C, the world will need to reduce CO2 emissions by 85% and the U.S. will need to reduce emissions by 95%, which can be extended to within a few percent plus or minus of carbon free with little additional change. The book calls for phasing out use of oil, natural gas, and coal which does not use carbon sequestration by the year 2050. Effective delivered energy is projected to increase from about 75 Quadrillion Btu in 2005 to about 125 Quadrillion in 2050, but due to efficiency increases, the actual energy input is projected to increase from about 99 Quadrillion Btu in 2005 to about 103 Quadrillion in 2010 and then to decrease to about 77 Quadrillion in 2050. Petroleum use is projected to increase until 2010 and then linearly decrease to zero by 2050. The roadmap calls for nuclear power to decrease to zero at the same time, with the reduction also beginning in 2010.
In his book Hell and High Water, author Joseph Romm calls for the rapid deployment of existing technologies to decrease carbon emissions. In a follow-up article in Nature.com in June 2008, he argues that "If we are to have confidence in our ability to stabilize carbon dioxide levels below 450 p.p.m. emissions must average less than [5 billion metric tons of carbon] per year over the century. This means accelerating the deployment of the 11 wedges so they begin to take effect in 2015 and are completely operational in much less time than originally modelled by Socolow and Pacala."
In 2012, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory assessed the technical potential for renewable electricity for each of the 50 states, and concluded that each state has technical potential for renewable electricity, mostly from solar power and wind power, greater than its current electricity consumption. The report cautions: "Note that as a technical potential, rather than economic or market potential, these estimates do not consider availability of transmission infrastructure, costs, reliability or time-of-dispatch, current or future electricity loads, or relevant policies."
Long distance electric power transmission results in energy loss, through electrical resistance, heat generation, electromagnetic induction and less-than-perfect electrical insulation. In 1995, these losses were estimated at 7.2%. Energy generation and distribution can be more efficient the closer it is to the point of use, if conducted in a high-efficiency generator, such as a CHP. In the generation and delivery of electrical power, system losses along the delivery chain are pronounced. Of five units of energy going into most large power plants, only about one unit of energy is delivered to the consumer in a usable form. A similar situation exists in gas transport, where compressor stations along pipelines use energy to keep the gas moving, or where gas liquefaction/cooling/regasification in the liquiefied natural gas supply chain uses a substantial amount of energy, even though the scale of the loss is not as pronounced as it is in electricity.
Distributed generation is a means of reducing total and transmission losses.
The EPA has the authority to regulate greenhouse gas emissions, under the Clean Air Act, and is one of the agency's seven priorities.
74% are concerned about climate change.
80% think their Government should do more to tackle global warming.
84% think that the US is too dependent on fossil fuels.
72% think that the US is too reliant on foreign oil.
79% think that the US Government should do more to increase the number of hybrid cars that are sold.
67% think that the US Government should allow more off shore drilling.
The public is also quite clear on its priorities when it comes to promoting energy conservation versus increasing the supply of oil, coal, and natural gas. When asked which of these should be the higher priority, the public chooses energy conservation by a very wide 68 percent-to-21 percent margin. The public also predominantly believes that the need to cut down on energy consumption and protect the environment means increased energy efficiency should be mandated for certain products. Ninety-two percent of Americans now support such requirements.
However, when energy policy and climate change are compared to other issues, they are rated extremely low in terms of importance. A Pew Research Center poll on public priorities for 2011 found that global warming ranked last of twenty-two possible policy priorities. The same survey in 2012 found similar results.
The Gallup organization found that from 2009 through the latest poll in March 2013, public opinion has been nearly evenly split on whether to give priority to the environment or to developing energy sources such as oil, gas, and coal. This represents a shift from poll results from 2001 through 2008, when clear pluralities of Americans wanted environmental concerns to take priority over developing fossil fuel resources. However, public opinion still heavily favors an emphasis on wind and solar energy (59 percent) over fossil fuels (31 percent).
The current head of the U.S. Department of Energy under the Obama administration is Dr. Ernest Moniz, who succeeded Dr. Steven Chu in May 2013.
Catalyze the timely, material, and efficient transformation of the nation’s energy system and secure U.S. leadership in clean energy technologies.
Maintain a vibrant U.S. effort in science and engineering as a cornerstone of our economic prosperity with clear leadership in strategic areas.
Enhance nuclear security through defense, nonproliferation, and environmental efforts.
Establish an operational and adaptable framework that combines the best wisdom of all Department stakeholders to maximize mission success.
In December 2009, the United States Patent and Trademark Office announced the Green Patent Pilot Program. The program was initiated to accelerate the examination of patent applications relating to certain green technologies, including the energy sector. The pilot program was initially designed to accommodate 3,000 applications related to certain green technology categories, and the program was originally set to expire on December 8, 2010. In May, 2010, the USPTO announced that it would expand the pilot program.
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Is the party finally over for the world's largest economy? No, I am not talking about the United States, but rather China. And before you start complaining about my facts; yes, China is officially the world's largest economy according to a recent World Bank report.
Chinese shares have been on a tear since the middle of 2014. The Chinese benchmark stock market index, the Shanghai Composite, rose from just over 2,000 in July 2014 to touch a recent high of nearly 5,200 by the middle of June (Figure 1). That is a gain of over 150% in less than a year.
Is the China party over?
So, is the Chinese stock market party over then? Certainly, those Chinese domestic investors who have indulged in margin trading (borrowing money to invest in the stock market) are getting their fingers burnt right now.
It is this "margin trading" effect that fuelled part of the Chinese stock market's meteoric rise over the past months, and is now at least partly responsible for the speed of the decline too.
But, I would still argue that there are several reasons to remain optimistic on China for the longer-term.
Firstly, Chinese economic growth is still running at an impressive 7% annual rate, even if it is slowing. Compare this to the US or Europe, where annual economic growth rates hover between 1% and 3% (Figure 2).
Secondly, the Chinese central bank, People's Bank of China, are effectively pumping a large amount of money into the Chinese economy via lower interest rates in order to boost growth further.
This should have a positive effect on the stock market, as we have already seen from central bank stimulus efforts in the US and UK.
Thirdly, Chinese domestic investors on average hold only a small proportion of their household wealth in shares.
On average, Chinese households continue to hold 60-70% of their financial assets in cash. And their favourite investment asset class other than cash deposits at the bank continue to be of the classic bricks-and-mortar type, i.e. in property.
Over time, with the ageing of the Chinese population and the growing need for Chinese households to save for retirement, investment in the stock market by Chinese domestic investors looks sure to continue to grow.
This trend will provide plenty of demand for Chinese shares for years to come as private pension funds are built up gradually. Don't forget that the current Chinese government is actively encouraging investment in Chinese shares, in part in order to cool down an overheating domestic property market.
We are likely to see further financial market liberalisation reforms from the Chinese government in the months and years ahead, which again should be supportive of the stock market.
While the present slump in Chinese shares may not quite be over yet, it is best to get ready in anticipation of a fast-approaching market bottom. This could represent a good entry point for long-term investors.
There are several relatively easy ways to buy into Chinese shares via funds - here are a couple that I like.
The Fidelity China Special Situations investment trust (code: FCSS).
This is a trusty investment listed on the London Stock Exchange that is focused on high-quality Chinese companies, run by an experienced fund manager based out in Hong Kong (Figure 3).
Even with the current drop in share price, this trust has gained 65% in sterling terms over the last year.
It trades currently at a near 17% discount to its net assets; i.e. you can buy 100p of Chinese shares for just 83p via this trust.
The JPMorgan Chinese investment trust (code: JMC).
This trust has a slightly wider "Greater China" investment strategy, investing not only in mainland Chinese shares but also in Hong Kong and Taiwan-based companies.
This JPMorgan trust currently trades at a 16% discount to net assets, i.e. you buy 100p of Chinese, Hong Kong and Taiwanese company shares for just 84p.
While the Chinese stock market may not quite have finished its current relapse, attractive China value opportunities may now be emerging for long-term investors, with Chinese-focused investment trusts on sale at a big discount.
Edmund Shing is the author of The Idle Investor (Harriman House), an expert columnist and a global equity fund manager at BCS AM. He holds a PhD in Artificial Intelligence.
Royal Mail, Lloyds and RBS: Should you buy in the great UK government share sell-off?
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0.956911 |
why would you use a method that is dangerous for the assassins themselves?
There is no evidence for the smuggling theory, but it is much more plausible. I can see an accident happening, resulting in the certain death of Litvinenko, with he and Berezovsky then concocting a story to frame their mutual enemy Putin, with some money going from Berezovsky to Litvinenko's family. That story actually makes sense.
What kind of public inquiry comes up with a conclusion that something 'probably' happened. I can see saying Putin did it, or saying there is no way to know what happened, but saying Putin 'probably' did it? Following Hutton and Chilcott, British public inquiries have become a laughingstock.
"Britain had more motivation to kill Aleksandr Litvinenko than Russia, brother claims"
Similar nonsense, which is everywhere these days: "Kerry Pressed for MH-17 Evidence"
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0.998824 |
We would first like to quickly correct a small typo in our last alert. The third sentence in the eighth paragraph should have read, "It is amazing how absolutely nobody in the mainstream media is accusing Corzine of doing anything wrong, when $600 million in funds is still missing weeks after MF Global filed for bankruptcy." We mistakenly used the word "excusing", when we meant to say "accusing".
A major development took place today related to two of NIA's stock suggestions, including our latest stock suggestion Mines Management Inc. (MGN).
NIA's previous stock suggestion Revett Minerals Inc. (RVM) today announced that it has received an affirmative decision from the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit relating to the Endangered Species Act (ESA) appeal filed by the Rock Creek Alliance and other environmental groups. The Court affirmed "the Fish and Wildlife Service's determination that the mine would entail "no adverse modification" to bull trout critical habitat and would result in "no jeopardy" to grizzly bears was not arbitrary, capricious, or in violation of the Endangered Species Act."
NIA first suggested RVM on March 22nd, 2010, at $1.9975 per share. In our initial report about RVM, we told you in regards to their Rock Creek project that "if the judge issues a negative decision, we could see a short-term sell off in the stock."
Just one week later on March 30th, 2010, RVM announced that "the Forest Service's decision to approve the Rock Creek Mine Project is vacated, and the 2003 Record of Decision and 2001 Final Environmental Impact Statement are set aside and remanded to the Forest Service for further action consistent with the Court's forthcoming opinion."
On March 30th, 2010 after this negative news, RVM dipped to a low of $1.50 per share, but we told you "the odds are in RVM's favor that the project will eventually proceed" and that RVM's temporary decline in share price was a "blessing in disguise for NIA members."
Today, after RVM's very positive court ruling, which makes it likely that their Rock Creek project will proceed like NIA predicted, RVM gained 26% to $5.35 per share. RVM reached a high today of $5.90 for a gain of 195% from NIA's suggestion price!
This news is also very significant for NIA's brand new stock suggestion Mines Management Inc. (MGN). In fact, MGN started to rally after RVM's announcement. MGN finished today up 11% to $2.13.
MGN's Montanore Project is located right next to RVM's Rock Creek project! If RVM is able to proceed with Rock Creek it makes it very likely that MGN will be able to proceed with their Montanore Project as well!
MGN's Montanore Project has a resource base of more than 230 million ounces of silver and nearly 2 billion pounds of copper! MGN, to the best of our knowledge, has the lowest valuation per ounce out of all publicly traded silver exploration companies in the world today!
MGN has $21.98 million in cash and no debt. With only 28.74 million shares outstanding, MGN's market cap at $2.13 is only $61.22 million. If you subtract MGN's cash from its market cap, MGN has an enterprise value of only $39.24 million.
With an enterprise value of only $39.24 million and a resource base of 230 million ounces of silver, that equals a valuation of only $0.17 per ounce! Silver is currently $34 per ounce, meaning that MGN's silver resource base is currently being valued at only 1/2 of 1% the price of silver! No other public silver company we are aware of has a silver resource valuation that is anywhere close to MGN's low valuation!
RVM gained from our suggestion price of $1.9975 to a high today of $5.90 for a gain of 195% and we believe MGN has the potential to make similar gains from our recent suggestion price of $1.92!
NIA's two most recent new stock suggestions before MGN were OPTT and MGP, and they made gains as high as 135% and 151% respectively from NIA's suggestion prices. NIA will not be releasing any new stock suggestions until MGN rises to substantially higher levels.
NIA's suggestion of MGN is completely unbiased. NIA does NOT own a stake in MGN. NIA is NOT being compensated in any way for its suggestion of MGN.
NIA is not an investment advisor. This email is not a solicitation or recommendation to buy, sell, or hold securities. Never make investment decisions based on anything NIA says. This email is meant for informational and educational purposes only and does not provide investment advice.
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0.999759 |
Poetry is a universal form of human expression and no matter in which language it is expressed in, poetry is known to touch the hearts of many. There are many forms of poetry of which ballads and sonnets make up a mere part. Whereas at the very outset they may seem similar, they both posses certain dissimilarities which set them apart.
A ballad is a form of poetry which is set in verse and it is often sung in tune to music. Ballads were famous in medieval Europe, particularly in Britain and Ireland and later on spread itself through America, Australia and also, through North Africa.
Ballads were often written on broadsides and sold on the streets. The term ballad derives its name from the type of medieval French dance songs which are known as “ballares” and probably originates from the German and Scandinavian storytelling traditions. The earliest ballad written in the 13th century was found in England from which one can probably trace the origins of the ballad to English and irish countrysides.
A ballad is usually written in quatrains of alternating lines of unstressed syllables which are then followed by a stressed syllable. This is then followed by eight syllables and six syllables. Of this arrangement, only the second and fourth line of a quatrain are rhymed.
A sonnet is a lyrical poem which consists of 14 lines of which the origins can be traced back to Italy. The word sonnet is thus coined after the Italian word “sonetto” which means little song which perhaps explains its lyrical quality. Sonnets are known for their strict rhyming schemes and specific structure and it is quite evident that the sonnet has seen many developments over the course of history. One can indicate the Shakespearean sonnet as the most well known forms of sonnets in literary history today. A Shakespearean sonnet typically consists of 14 lines of which each line contains ten syllables consisting of a pattern of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable is repeated five times.
What is the difference between a ballad and a sonnet?
A ballad is known for its musical quality as ballads are often sung and wree intended to be heard by a public that was not literate enough. A sonnet possesses more lyrical qualities and is often written to be read instead of being heard.
Also, ballads and sonnets are very different in their form. A ballad is seen to be less complex than a ballad whereas a sonnet has a more complex rhyming pattern. The ballad and the sonnet serve different purposes as well. Whereas the broadside ballad was designed to educate the commoners regarding current affairs of their society, the literary ballads which had more of an artistic flare was thus composed for the elite and the intellectual. Yet, the sonnet was a popular form of expressing love and affection to a beloved which constituted a role of extreme importance in theater plays based on romantic love.
Sonnets and ballads are different in terms of the number of syllables, stanzas, number of lines in each stanza.
Sonnets were more lyrical whereas ballads had a more of a musical quality to it and was meant to be sung.
Sonnets and ballads played different roles in society as well.
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0.985883 |
Below is an alphabetical listing Saints whose feasts are celebrated in the Roman Catholic Liturgical Cycle and Patron Saints. There is a brief description describing each Saint and they are listed in alphabetical order.
Born: 907 — Died: 928 — Canonized: Unknown Roman Calendar: Yes — Roman Canon: No — Other: St. Wencelaus was the ruler of Bohemia and was martyred by his brother, Boleslaus, near Prague. He sought to bring Christianity to his people. He is the Patron Saint of the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
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0.975345 |
How can we be more innovative and why does it matter? Innovative companies are focused on client needs and able to respond more quickly to market changes. Innovation and change are closely related to growth and expansion, which everyone wants more of. As experts in marketing and launching new products, we consider mastering launches and being able to innovate are keys to growth.
Like any behavior or state of being, innovation requires the right environment to flourish. Here are some elements to have in place to foster and encourage innovation in your company.
Willingness: Openness as a mindset and attitude are key to innovation. Is there a desire to explore new opportunities? Do people want to collaborate and learn how to do things differently or are they resistant to change? Does your company encourage colleagues to help each other or are individuals or departments working at cross-purposes and competing? Without an interest in working on growth, it will be hard to create and develop new ideas.
Change: Does your organization embrace and encourage change or do people find new ways of operating uncomfortable? When we are wedded to existing structures and there’s a perception that “different is bad,” it can be difficult to take risks. Accepting and encouraging change requires adaptability. For instance, if something you are doing currently isn’t working out or a new initiative isn’t getting the traction that’s needed, how can you pivot? Actively looking for new possibilities can create new products and markets that didn’t exist before.
Collaboration: Are team efforts valued or do single contributors get all the recognition and reward? While high performers should be encouraged, it’s likely that more of your talent can outperform when given the right opportunities to excel. Processes and incentives should be in place to facilitate interactions between staff, because more ideas and input help to identify new possibilities more effectively. Diverse perspectives have been shown to increase innovation – having input from different functions, roles, backgrounds and points of view can better inform any new effort.
Creating innovation within your organization requires certain attitudes and behaviors (a “growth mindset”), as well as a culture that supports and encourages experimentation. By recognizing that new ways of operating may be needed, you can move your team and organization towards growth. If you need some help jumpstarting that process, contact us to learn more about how we can support your organization through processes and programs that drive innovation.
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0.988301 |
What are your thoughts on the 2015 Canadian federal elections?
Justin Trudeau as a politician.
Thomas Mulcair as a politician.
William Lyon Mackenzie King as a politician.
Ken Dryden as a politician.
Jean Chrétien as a politician.
Bob Rae as a politician.
Stephen Harper as a politician.
Pierre Elliott Trudeau as a politician.
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0.577987 |
Archaeopteryx, genus of feathered dinosaur that was once thought to be the oldest known fossil bird. The 11–12 described specimens date to approximately 150 million years ago during the Late Jurassic Epoch (163.5 million to 145 million years ago), and all were found in the Solnhofen Limestone Formation in Bavaria, Germany, starting in 1861. However, late 20th- and early 21st-century discoveries of other birdlike fossils of similar age, including Xiaotingia zhengi from the Liaoning deposits in China, have prompted several paleontologists to call for the reclassification of Archaeopteryx as a dinosaur.
Archaeopteryx had well-developed wings, and the structure and arrangement of its wing feathers—similar to that of most living birds—indicate that it could fly; however, paleontologists disagree over whether Archaeopteryx engaged in powered flight (in a manner similar to modern birds) or whether it relied on gliding while in the air. A study of melanosomes (the pigmented, melanin-producing granules present in specialized skin cells called melanocytes) in the animal’s feathers revealed that the feathers were black and that the arrangement of the granules within the feather’s microstructure probably provided increased structural support to the wings, similar to the way it does in modern birds. Skeletal structures related to flight are incompletely developed, however, which suggests that Archaeopteryx may not have been able to sustain flight for great distances. Archaeopteryx is known to have evolved from small carnivorous dinosaurs, as it retains many features such as teeth and a long tail. It also retains a wishbone, a breastbone, hollow, thin-walled bones, air sacs in the backbones, and feathers, which are also found in the nonavian coelurosaurian relatives of birds. These structures, therefore, cannot be said to have evolved for the purpose of flight, because they were already present in dinosaurs before either birds or flight evolved.
Several paleontologists note that some birdlike dinosaurs of similar age or older also possessed features identical or nearly identical to those of Archaeopteryx. Many features, such as the presence of feathers, three-fingered hands, a wishbone, and long, robust forelimbs, which are often considered diagnostic of birds, also appear in X. zhengi, a species thought to have lived some five million years before Archaeopteryx, as well as others. Thus, these paleontologists claim that Archaeopteryx cannot, in fact, be the world’s most primitive bird, and many of the features used to describe birds could be applied to the Paraves, a more inclusive collection of theropod dinosaurs that includes birds and the deinonychosaurs (a group that contains the troodontids and the dromaeosaurs).
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0.943533 |
Evaluate an individual to determine whether he or she has accomplished developmentally appropriate skills needed in such areas as grooming and play and leisure skills.
Provide interventions to help an individual respond to information coming through the senses. Intervention may include developmental activities, sensory integration or sensory processing, and play activities.
Facilitate play activities that instruct as well as aid a child in interacting and communicating with others.
Devise strategies to help the individual transition from one setting to another, from one person to another, and from one life phase to another.
Collaborate with the individual and family to identify safe methods of community mobility.
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0.974402 |
: "It depends upon-a good deal whether I ever forgive you."
: What this means? Did she forgive? ... Thank you.
She hasn't forgiven him in this sentence. However, she is letting him know that her forgiveness "depends on a good deal". This means that the decision to grant him forgiveness is based upon other factors. I don't know what wrong he committed, so I don't know what factors she would have in mind. Also, by saying "..ever forgive you", she is hinting that she may not forgive him at all.
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0.999999 |
What are inexpensive ways to learn cross-country skiing? Could I teach it to myself? Is it advisable to buy gear off craigslist or ebay and if yes, what would I have to consider?
The cheapest ways to try cross country skiing are borrowing equipment, yard sale equipment, craigslist, or rentals. If you like it, and rent frequently, that stops being cheap.
If you make friends who run or are otherwise active, ask around, and someone might have a spare set of skis and poles they can lend you - you can find them for a few dollars at yard sales sometimes, and some skiers pick them up as spares or loaners (This is why I've got 3 sets of skis for 1 set of legs). Then you'll just need to buy boots.
Easiest: flat ground, groomed trails, golf courses, snowmobile tracks.
Harder: Slopes, or anything with virgin snow (snow with no tracks). With virgin snow, it's generally best to go with one or more buddies who can trade off in trail breaking, or go for very short trips.
Hardest: Very hilly or mountainous, especially with virgin snow.
If you're sticking to flat terrain or groomed trails, you can pretty much get out and go with little or no instruction (depending on your tolerance for falling and being awkward). I don't know about Quebec specifically, but in Massachusetts, some golf courses rent cross country skis in the winter, and groom tracks for skiers to use. Other courses don't make it official, but still allow skiers on their grounds. Depending on what you are looking for, a season's pass to a local golf course may satisfy your need for exercise at a reasonable cost. The disadvantage would be that you could only ski at that location.
If you want harder terrain, it would be worth either taking a lesson, or going out with a friend who skis. Going straight is easy to figure out, as long as you don't care about being the most efficient possible. Turns and hills are a little harder. If saving money is most important, and you don't have any skiing friends, you can learn technique from books and videos without much trouble.
It is possible to get the gear relatively cheap. Search on ebay or the kind. Search on internet forums where outdoor enthusiasts hang around and offer their used gear on a market place. I know such forums for Germany and Austria but I am sure you will find the kind in Canada too. I have to say I trust those guys more compared to ebay because I think there are more black sheep on ebay. But this is very subjective of course. Relating proper types of ski you could check out this.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged gear winter skiing backcountry cross-country-skiing or ask your own question.
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0.974012 |
So, we survived our trip and really ran into surprisingly few issues. We both lost our Fitbits, we each ended up on Pepto-Bismol for a few days in a row, and we both caught a 40-day cough that started around Kenya. But, really, nothing major. A few days before the trip was up we kept discussing how shocked we were that not much had gone wrong (knock on wood) — no issues with Visas or border crossings, and nothing major had been stolen — but then we learned about the biggest FAIL of our trip. Luckily, it still falls into the category of #firstworldproblems, but it was our “travel disaster” — and something other travelers should be careful about — a stolen SIM card ran up about $1000 of roaming calls in Tanzania, Africa.
TL;DR: We are on T-Mobile, which has great roaming and data in 120 countries. It worked great in Asia, but struggled in many countries in Africa. So, in Africa, we often bought local SIM cards since T-Mobile either didn’t work, barely worked, or had excessive costs. After swapping SIM cards at some point, we lost one of our T-Mobile SIMs. Someone found it, or or stole it, and ran up a massive bill.
We contend that we are not liable for the entirety of these bills for two reasons.
1) As soon as we had internet access once we noticed that the SIM card was missing, we suspended the lost card.
2) Though the unusual usage was not visible to us via the online system, T-Mobile had noted the unusual usage, but did not notify us about it (as required to in the FCC’s bill shock agreement), despite the fact that charges were quickly adding up to 10X our normal bill. T-Mobile has both of our email addresses, and another phone line connected to the account. The only method of notification that they used was to SMS the STOLEN PHONE NUMBER about odd usage patterns!
Legally, in this situation, T-Mobile has no further obligations and can pass the entire cost onto the consumer. After hours of back and forth, T-Mobile, as a courtesy, covered 2/3 of the charges, while we agreed to pay 1/3. Still costing us over 3X more than our standard monthly bill.
While our specific problem was with T-Mobile, this is a problem with all US mobile providers. There isn’t strong consumer protection laws for stolen charges, like those that exist for credit cards. There are ways to help prevent this, the best way is add a SIM PIN lock. You can read how to lock a SIM on Android, or lock a SIM on IOS. You can also avoid issues by having pre-paid SIMs which is what much of the world uses. T-Mobile, however, does not allow their pre-paid plan to be used internationally.
As we traveled around, we were swapping our SIMS often. We are on a 24 day overland Safari that went in and out of Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania. One evening when swapping SIMs we noticed that we couldn’t find one of our original T-mobile SIMS. Considering we had been moving bags every day as we setup and tore down our tents, we figured it got left in the tent of left in one of our bags. It was dark, after sunset, so we figured we could search for it tomorrow. The next day with light we sorted through our tent and bags but couldn’t find it. We decided we should deactivate it just to be safe. Although we couldn’t do that immediately because driving around east Africa means you are often out of cell reception. Later that day we suspended the SIM and noticed no odd usage being reported online with our T-mobile account. We thought no worries we likely just misplaced it and it will turn up… It didn’t , but with no usage showing and it being suspended we didn’t worry about it.
Fast forward about a month when we have better internet and are checking our bank accounts, bills, etc… Logging into T-Mobile we notice our bill is for about $1000, which is around 10X our normal bill. The usage shows tons of roaming charges over 3 days or so in Tanzania up until we suspended the number. At this point we are in South Africa, and afraid of using T-mobile in case we incur further excessive charges. We use the T-mobile online chat to contact them. Originally offered a $50 credit adjustment, eventually explaining the case a bit further we are offered a $250 credit adjustment. We claimed they need to be responsible for consumer protections and contact us opposed to allowing the completely abnormal usage. We are told they sent a abnormal usage warning as a SMS to the stolen phone number. Considering the overage usage notice is legally enforced, I feel like T-Mobile isn’t fulfilling their requirements in contacting us. Opposed to SMSing the stolen number, we have two phone lines and two emails on file, I consider messaging the stolen number both insufficient and incompetent. The number they contact is always the primary number on the account, so if you loose a phone or SIM card, it is just dumb luck if they will contact an appropriate other number. After using online chat, twitter, and calling T-Mobile when I got back in the states, they accepted my offer that we could stay customers and not cancel our account if they would cover 2/3rds of the cost while we would cover 1/3. I do assume some responsibility because we should have contacted them sooner — though where we were in Africa without power or internet it was very difficult to do so. While traveling, we also definitely should have PIN locked our SIM cards (I didn’t previously know about that). So in the end we had an extra 3.5X mobile bill to cover, which considering all the craziness of travel isn’t too bad.
Why frustrate your happy loyal customers?
I really blame the mobile industry for most of this mess. The one thing I entirely blame T-Mobile for is how poorly they handle the customer support for this situation. My chat transcripts are almost comically sad, and are just this side of someone trying to cancel a Comcast account. The time we spent trying to deal with T-Mobile to come to an agreement was almost more annoying than the charges. As they offer to buy out contracts to acquire new customers at $350 per line. They didn’t seem willing to put $600 towards keeping two customers happy. In the end, after lots of escalating discussion while trying to pack up and return to the US, we ended up where I wanted to be. I had suggested the 1/3 and 2/3 break down about a hour into our first discussion, we wasted days of back and forth and and stress before we could reach a agreement. At one point in a odd move, a support rep tried to revoke a offer $250, credit and only offer $50, because he thought all the charges should be valid. This was an absolutely terrible move, which nearly made me cancel both lines on the spot.
1) Make sure you know which number is your primary account and if anything happens to that phone or SIM card report it immediately.
2) If you are swapping SIM cards or traveling set up a PIN lock (lock a SIM on Android, or lock a SIM on IOS). If you can use a prepaid mobile service (I was using prepaid T-Mobile, but switched to post-pay because pre-pay doesn’t include ANY of the international roaming).
I still think T-Mobile is actually one of the best mobile companies in terms of consumer friendly policies. T-Mobile’s 120+ roaming free countries is pretty amazing. It isn’t always as fast for data and doesn’t always have the best coverage, but it worked very well for us, especially in Asia. It saved us from having to deal with and buy SIM cards in every country and considering we were in some countries for less than 5 full days, that is really helpful.
I don’t blame T-Mobile for the bad policy and protections specifically. I blame ALL US mobile providers (lobbying as CTIA). I think the entire mobile industry is exploiting the weak consumer protect laws and profiting on stole phone and SIM charges. Offering inadequate, inconvenient, and poorly implemented consumer protects to prevent charges like this from occurring. If you are curious and want to know more, or how to help improve protections take a look at the various links, resources, and stories below.
The Consumer Union (part of consumer reports) has been calling to limit liability for lost and stolen phones for years.
a stolen phone leads to a £1,700 Orange mobile bill.
a stolen phone leads to a $1000 Vodafone bill.
T-mobile fined for cramming charges on bills.
Sprint sued for cramming charges.
AT&T has phone insurance that doesn’t really cover what you think (like theft).
by not protecting customers, mobile carriers push insurance policies and 3rd party solutions putting the cost back on consumers.
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, requested the FCC look into mobile providers services. The FCC found 5 issues, the first two are (1) the potential liability for unauthorized charges using prepaid or stored value products; (2) the unfair billing practices on mobile carrier bills; both of which the CTIA, has been dodging since 2011 at least.
The CTIA has been pushing against cellphone kill switches for years, and profiting about 2.6 billion a year from stolen phones.
Lobbying against net neutrality for mobile providers.
The CTIA (mobile provider lobbying group), has been avoiding cramming on all providers for years (what is cramming?).
The mobile industry has bad fraud protection on calls and now is pushing for mobile payments without protections similar to credit cards.
Mobile industry has lots of warnings about the lack of consumer protect for mobile payments.
in fact the Consumers Union is calling for better protection including limited liability for lost and stolen phones (and being able to set a monthly cap which cuts off costs).
Opposed to having laws that might limit them, they push weaker voluntary commitments as the solution to these problems (which means when they fail you have no actual legal recourse).
In fact the often cited in this post bill shock consumer protections, aren’t a law but another ‘voluntary commitment’. Which really weakens consumers legal standing.
The protections on mobile charges has been stalled since 2011, even with advocates pushing for improved consumer protections. It varies wildly contract to contract and state to state.
Follow various FTC complaints about the mobile industry.
complain to the FCC, about any charges occurring from lost or stolen phones and SIM cards.
Join consumer reports, defend your dollar, policy and action group to sign petitions and send lets to the government.
Become a part of change.org’s secure our smartphones petition.
Become a part of request to fix T-mobile’s false data reporting petition.
Become a part of the abolish overages petition.
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0.904964 |
When you look into a mirror, what do you see? Is it the same as what you view when you look into a puddle or other reflective surface?
On the surface your reflection appears and it looks back at you. On a deeper level, it's someone from your past or present-a loved one, a friend, or someone you broke up with. If you look into the eyes of whoever you discover reflecting in the mirror, you'll find something you haven't noticed before. You may notice a difference in your facial appearance or you may see something that shows an emotion. It may even lead you to perceive how far you've come or how strong you are.
"Rafiki: [after guiding Simba to a spot where he says will show him Mufasa] Look down there.
Adult Simba: [looks into a pool of water] That's not my father. That's just my reflection.
Rafiki: You see? He lives in you.
Mufasa's ghost: [from above] Simba.
Mufasa's ghost: [appears among the stars] Simba, you have forgotten me.
Adult Simba: No. How could I?
Mufasa's ghost: You have forgotten who you are and so have forgotten me. Look inside yourself, Simba. You are more than what you have become. You must take your place in the Circle of Life".
Even if your loved one or close friend has perished or you only departed ways, they're still a part of you. Life lives on as a mirrored reflection.
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0.992465 |
Planning a long trip? Here’s a handy checklist before you set off.
1. Get a good nights' sleep the night before heading away.
2. Ensure your car has had a recent service with brakes, oil, water checked.
3. Map out your trip so there is plenty of time to get there and you aren't tempted to speed or skip rest stops.
6. Do not drink alcohol before or during a long trip.
7. Make sure all luggage is properly secured and won't become projectiles in the case of sudden braking..
8. Make sure luggage isn’t blocking the rear view window.
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0.957629 |
The newest point release of ArkCase version 3.2 was released on June 4th, 2018. This point version is v3.2.11. For more information, please review the release notes below.
5211 When admin user add permissions only to group, the dashboard widget is not available for adding 1: Login as user that have permissions to Admin module.
3: Click on Dashboard Configuration.
6: Click on Dashboard from left side menu.
7: Try to add Team Workload widget.
Expected result: Widget can be clicked and added.
2: Click on Organizations from left side menu.
Expected Result: By default only for first inserted record "Primary" is set to "Yes" and there is no possibility to select "No".
Actual Result: User can select "No".
This is how was working previously. Now user can select "No", but the record inserted is always primary.
Same happens for Phone Numbers, Fax Numbers, Email Addresses, Urls, DBAs, IDs (Works for People sublink).
5668 FOIA - Default Initiator or Requestor Email in the Send Email Window o The system shall automatically default the email recipient with the initiator or requesters email address every time an email is created.
5582 A more user-friendly error message should be provided Implement more user-friendly error messages.
5903 "TypeError: taskCache.clear is not a function" when user click "Approve Document" 1: Login as user that have permissions to Cases module.
3: Open some draft case.
4: Click on "Change Case Status" button, select some status, add approver and save it.
6: Click on automatic generated task.
Expected Result: "Approve Document" button is removed from UI after click. Task status is changed to Closed, Case status is changed to appropriate status.
5989 User can't activate older workflow version, row and "Make Active" button is always disabled 1: Login as user that have permissions to Admin module.
4: Select on third icon for some workflow with history.
5: Select some older version and click "Make Active" button.
Expected result: Older version is successfully set as active workflow.
5792 500 error occurs when user try to add supervisor to ad hoc group 1: Login as user that have permissions to Admin module.
4: Click on "Add/Edit supervisor" button next to some Ad hoc group.
5: Search some user and click "Add" button.
Expected result: supervisor is added.
5061 ArkCase full Solr re-indexing failure On Projects, where we have huge amounts of data, doing the full Solr re-indexing quickly leads to Solr inability to process further requests.
for almost all static resources.
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0.998823 |
1. You and Person B are friends and/or business associates and have a relationship that is beyond the initial stages.
2. Person B (without the relationship listed above) has asked you for help/assistance via a meeting where they can have some your your (valuable?) time.
3. Person B works for a company you're paying for some type of service.
So imagine one of the forms of Person B has reached out to you. All of those forms of Person B are a bit different, but one thing is for sure - you're at least equal in the relationship, and in #2 and #3, it's fair to say that at least for now, you're the more important party in the 2-way relationship.
PERSON B SENDS YOU AN AUTOMATED LINK TO THIER CALENDAR AND ENCOURAGES YOU TO SELECT A TIME THAT THEY ARE OPEN.
PERSON B IS VERY BUSY. THEY'VE AUTOMATED THEIR SCHEDULING.
PERSON B NEEDS YOUR TIME. BUT RATHER THAN WORK A COUPLE OF EMAILS WITH YOU TO FIGURE OUT WHAT'S GOOD FOR YOU, THEY'RE TELLING YOU WHAT'S GOOD FOR THEM - VIA TECHNOLOGY.
Goodbye relationship. Hello automated future!
1--You're treating me like the cable company does.
2--The cable company doesn't really give two shits about making me feel like there's a relationship.
3--The last time I checked, you didn't provide HBO (game of thrones) or Showtime (Billions) as part of our relationship.
4--It's fair to say since you aren't the distributor of Game of Thrones, I'm less willing to feel like a transaction related to our relationship and your unwillingness to spend a little time to make me feel like we're connecting when asking me to spend time with you.
Hey Person B (which is all of us from time to time, right?), watch the transactional nature of the scheduling services you're using when you ask me for time.
Or as an alternative - find a service that will easily look at my calendar without setting up an account or will automate the process of you having a brief conversation with me.
Isn't that the promise of AI? How about automating the process and making me feel like I'm having a conversation with Person B? That would be cool and acceptable.
Or you can just treat me like the cable company does and see how that works out for you.
Related: Get off my lawn.
I am 100% pro on these scheduling links. They eliminate the back and forth of schedule sharing and unesscary emails. As long as the link is packaged up in a warm way, I’m game. I’ve also found myself a bit annoyed lately when vendors don’t have the link option for me to pick a time that works best on my end.
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0.999985 |
also see http://flyhelio.com/smf/index.php?topic=454.msg3136#msg3136 it was getting to long.
I am posting a picture that I'm unable to identify only that it appears to be a Canadian H-395 CF-???. Photo taken Spring of 1965 as one of "Courier Flights ltd's" Helio Courier"s. After it failed to take off from Mission Bay at Thunder bay Ontario due to soft conditions. Possibly there was a propeller strike or damage when it was pulled out of mud.
anyone know, especially any of our Canadian members.
Edit: Indonesian Helio PK-JAA photo taken 11-11 at Cameroon reportedly being repaired after an accident when landing unable to get stopped in time while landing at a one way landing strip with strong tailwind it was intentionally ground looped to keep prop from striking a low retaining wall.
Edit Bob Wallace Identified Anyone from Jaars know which Helio it is and any more about accident like details location and date of accident it seems to be just before the three Helios were removed from service.
Doug, there is two or three Helio in pieces in the Hangar of the gentleman from whom i bought a Pilatus. Do you want his phone number or you do know about them. Probably registered under the name of Nahanni air service, or North-Wright Airways Ltd.
Louis, Thanks as you suggested I contacted Perry Linton, he believes it is c/n 1002 CF-CFL an H-395A but it is difficult for me to tell for sure since the prop is off the a/c.
see http://flyhelio.com/smf/index.php?topic=908.msg4058#msg4058 I edited the c/n 1002 post.
Perry said a Helio I believe he said CFL (the accident history does say it was used for low level survey) was being hired occasionally by a wildlife biologist to color 'mark' caribou sheep and musk oxen with dye (bright red orange blue green etc) to study migration patterns, this was back before radio collars. He tells an amusing story about Their Native American Indian cook spotting some colored caribou near their camp and never seeing anything like it and thinking they were spirit animals, was headed for his rifle to protect himself. They were able to stop him before he shot any of the animals and explain what the spirit animals were.
I need to email him and get the name and dates for the history paragraph.
Bob Wallace identified the Jaars Helio as PK-JAA and included a photo to prove it. I was able to add some details to the accident in '09.
You notice that the JAARS helio had windshield speed mod?
yes I did one of the better photos it also clearly shows how the rear of the wing intersects with the fuselage that bump creates a lot of drag. That's why the experimental Robertson Skylark has that odd looking (if comparing it to a Helio) rear fuselage.
Here is a Helio that at first I thought was one of the 6 S/Vietnamese Helios t/n XV-NAE, F, G, H, I, and J. Or one of the 13 S/Korean Helios that had a South Vietnamese roundel with t/n 25907, 25910, 25917, 38092, 313097, 313098, 313099, 313103, 313169, 313106, 313108, 313111, and 31312.
So anyone have any ideas, there is doubt as that being a S/Vietnamese roundel because there is no red outline as you see in the roundel below the picture. even when when magnified to the point where you can see individual pixels there is no red.
Taking a real close look at the U-10A/B pictured above, it may very well have been transferred from Air America operations when Air Asia, CAT, ARC, and other CIA led dummy corporations, purchased the Fairchild-Hiller PC-6 turbo Porter in favor of its fleet of Helio H-395's beginning in 1965.
The Porters Air America flew had been re-equipped with Honeywell/AiResearch TPE-331's for the most part. The transition from Helio to Porter was one of numerous decisions to find a larger airplane with increased load capacity. Cabin Volume was the other.
My calculations suggest that this may have been one of the 395's that was sent to other units in Southeast Asia. SAT WING may be what is inscribed on the underside of both wings with the acronym Southeast Asia Training Wing. The low-res quality of the photo makes it very difficult to discern what we really have here.
Steven, this probably narrows it down to one of the 6 S/Vietnamese Helios t/n XV-NAE, F, G, H, I, or J, that were assigned to Vietnam Stratint (strategic intelligence)then to Vietnamese Air Transport (VIAT) and eventually made their way to our CIA in Air America and then probably to the Southeast Asia Training Wing. 3 were turned into parts, a couple were destroyed, only 531 made it to the New tribes mission in the Philippines.
Somewhere along the line the red outline of the S/V roundel was probably painted over with blue, to more closely match the American roundel.
It actually makes sense. I wish we could make out the last letter on that tail mark, the air craft is turned the correct way just not high enough resolution to guess at that last letter.
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0.999999 |
Why Product/Data Sheets are important.
A good data sheet serves both a marketing and information purpose.
Since anyone who is reading a data sheet has already expressed an interest in the product, a printed or digital product sheet should seek to hold the reader's attention by going into detail about the product's functioning.
A typical product data sheet opens with textual and graphical information that describes the detailed operation of the product and might also contain paragraphs that describe potential uses of the product.
The opening of the data sheet can also include detailed charts and graphs that give the reader information about the product's operation. The final part of the data sheet should list all of the important technical specifications, typically in tabular format.
A data sheet is useful for communicating necessary information to the customer that is not normally presented in an advertisement.
It is the second level of communication with the customer, and the data sheet is often the decision maker for the consumer.
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0.934107 |
The nephew of General Robert E. Lee, Fitzhugh Lee was born in Fairfax County, Virginia on November 19, 1835. He was the son of Sydney Smith Lee, who would later become a captain in the Confederate States Navy. Although close to his famous uncle, Lee is remembered as one of the South's finest cavalry commanders. Lee attended the U. S. Military Academy at West Point, graduating in 1856. After graduation, Lee fought as a cavalry officer in the Indian wars where he was severely injured. Following his recovery, he taught cavalry tactics at West Point and in 1861, when the Civil War began, he resigned his commission as 1st lieutenant in the U.S. Army.
He entered the Confederate Army as a lieutenant in the cavalry and served as a staff officer under General Richard S. Ewell. Within a short time he transferred to command of the 1st Virginia Cavalry under Major General J.E.B. B. Stuart. At the age of twenty-seven, he was promoted to brigadier general on July 24, 1862. As a cavalry brigade commander, Lee performed well in the Maryland Campaign, covering the Confederate infantry's withdrawal from South Mountain, delaying the Union Army advance to Sharpsburg, Maryland, before the Battle of Antietam, and covering the army's recrossing of the Potomac River into Virginia. He conducted the cavalry action of Kelly's Ford (March 17, 1863) with skill and success, where his 400 troopers captured 150 men and horses with a loss of only 14 men. In the Battle of Chancellorsville in May 1863, Lee's reconnaissance found that the Union Army's right flank was "in the air", which allowed the successful flanking attack by Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson. During the Battle of Gettysburg, his brigade fought unsuccessfully in the action at East Cavalry Field. J. E. B. Stuart's report singled out no officer in his command for praise except Fitz Lee, who he said was "one of the finest cavalry leaders on the continent, and richly [entitled] to promotion."
Following Gettysburg he fought under General Jubal Early in the Shenandoah Valley and was severely wounded during the Third Battle of Winchester. As the war neared an end and following the death of J. E. B. Stuart, he became General Robert E. Lee's Cavalry Corps commander.
After the war he spent many years as a farmer before entering politics, serving as the governor of Virginia from 1885 to 1889. Following this he served as consul general in Havana, Cuba from 1896 to 1898. When the Spanish-American War was imminent, he joined the U.S. Volunteer Army, entering as a major general in command of the VII Corps. He retired from the military in 1901.
He spent his postwar years in politics and farming. Fitzhugh Lee died in Washington, DC on April 28, 1905.
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0.990242 |
How to store an Actor as an attribute if it's not in the scene?
I haven't actually tried this yet, but would it be possible to store an Actor as an attribute (rather than a reference to it as I assume the Actor attribute does), then remove the Actor from the scene and have the attribute retain all of the Actor's information? Or would I have to use a list and store all of the actor's attributes in there, and apply them to a newly created actor in order to "unload" the actor back onto the scene?
An example would be loading a unit into (then offloading it from) a transport unit in a turn-based (or real-time) strategy game.
Your best bet might be to just keep the Actor in the scene, but move them way outside of the visible scene and then move them back into position when you want to unload them.
Or you can use the block that prevents the Actor's image from drawing until you're ready to unload them again.
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0.99998 |
Castlebar - County Mayo - Crusaders and Castles of The Levant.
The Middle East has a history stretching back millennia but there is one period which has echoed across the region, leaving a permanence of scattered ruins and shattered dreams. The period of the Crusades, from 1095 AD when pope Urban 11 set in motion a series of events that still have resonance in the region, to 1453 when the Crusaders lost Constantinople to Mohammed 11, have left a legacy of impressive buildings and also a further legacy of ‘East versus West'.
It is 700 years since the last of the Crusaders left the region but their imprint is such that the Crusader legacy of stone work is still regarded as one of the finest examples of military architecture ever raised. But who were the Crusaders that filled our boyhood dreams with tales of chivalry and adventure and what was the ‘Crusades' It is fair to say that most would agree that the idea behind the Crusades was to ‘liberate' the ‘Holy Land' from the ‘Infidels' but this is a simplicification of what was a complex series of events, instigated by the Pope, but undertaken by various groups for as many reasons as there were groups.
Although Jerusalem was captured by Muslims in 637 AD, they had a policy of religious toleration which allowed the Christian churches in the Holy Land continuous communication with their co-religionists in Europe. In the early 11th century this changed when the Caliph Hakim began to interfere and also the relationship between the Latin and Byzantium churches were torn apart by the schism of 1054. To complicate matters, the Seljuk Turks captured Jerusalem from the Egyptians in 1071 and this led to a gradual interference with pilgrims from Europe to the Holy land. They also seized most of Asia Minor and destroyed a Byzantine army at Manzikert. The stage was set for the most ambitious project of the Church at that time. When in 1095, Pope Urban 11 convened a synod in Piacenza; he stressed the urgent need of the Byzantine peoples, the overall danger to Christianity posed by present state on things in Jerusalem and the penitential nature of an expedition with the sole aim of liberating the ‘Holy City', coupled with the religious benefit of observing ‘Gods will'. That this was seized upon by the masses was understandable, after all 11th century Europe was not a place with a future for the downtrodden masses and inspired by religious fervor they flocked to the call. However it was more than devout peasants that took heed of the Popes urgings. The semi independent, prosperous Italian towns eager to acquire the products of the East more cheaply and indeed more directly saw an opportunity to establish outposts of their own along the Eastern Mediterranean.
Barely had two months elapsed when hordes of common folk from Europe had loosely banded together into five groupings, slowly traveling along the Rhine, the Danube and on to Constantinople. Such a disparate, rag tag body of humanity, without clearly elected leaders, not to mention goals, were doomed to failure and indeed 3 of these groups were destroyed in Hungary as a result of their lawlessness, the remaining two groups reached Constantinople only to be decimated by the Seljuks. This was the so called ‘Peoples Crusade' and was surprising in that some of the participants actually got to the Middle East. As usual the real military forces took some time to assemble and get organized but by the beginning of March 1096, the first proper Crusade set sail for Constantinople. Not too pleased to see them, the Byzantine Emperor Alexius had two choices, either let them conquer lands beyond his borders for themselves or make them swear to be his vassals and to claim all lands for the Empire. Caught by the need for logistical supply and the obvious need for a friendly force to their rear, the First Crusade agreed to the terms set by the Emperor to claim all lands for the Empire. Disunity and internal warfare among the Muslim rulers meant favorable conditions for the arriving Crusaders. They crossed the Bosphorous by May 1097 and captured Nicaea by June. By October they were laying siege to Antioch which fell in June 1098 and then they followed the coast south and on to Jerusalem, taking the city after a brief siege on 15 July. 46 years later the city fell to the Emir of Mosul and this led to the second crusade. By 1148 the French and German troops were in the Holy land but for some strange reason they decided to besiege Damascus but gave up after 4 days and the main part of the force left for Europe.
In 1187 Saladin roundly defeated the Crusaders at the ill fated Battle of Hattin, a low ridge North West of Tiberias. This coupled with the fall again of Jerusalem in October led to renewed calls for another crusade and the kings of France and England temporarily put aside their differences and sailed for the Holy land. By 1191 they had lifted the siege of Acre and consolidated the coastal defences, King Philip of France then returned to Europe and it was King Richard 111 of England that remained and actually accomplished more by engaging in diplomatic negotiations with Saladin than by open warfare. Although the third crusade failed in its primary objective, it was significant in the shift in control from the religious power of the papacy to the secular power of the state. It saw the emergence of the religious orders such as the Knights Hospatillier and the Knights Templar who had the financial wherewithal to take over and consolidate the various castles built and held by individual knights and at this stage falling into ruin through lack of funds. By consolidation of resources the Crusaders held on to the coastal cities but never managed to fully develop a defensible front on their Eastern borders. The shortage of man power meant that there were never enough knights to garrison each castle sufficiently which led to the construction of ever larger and more sophisticated castles.
The Fourth Crusade was raised by Pope Innocent 111 in 1202 and his objective was to attack the center of Muslim power in Egypt, but this was embroiled in the struggle between Empire and papacy, resulting in the diversion of the forces to Constantinople to restore the dethroned emperor Isaac Angelus. As the intrigue grew, Isaac reneged on promises given to the crusaders so they captured the city and placed Baldwin, the first Latin emperor, on the throne. This effort saw the further divergence of crusades from spiritual motivation to secular needs, i.e. political and economic. The fighting in Constantinople drained much needed resources from Jerusalem and was never a real threat to the Muslims. It is remembered more for the fact that it gave rise to what is described as the ‘Children's Crusade' in 1212 where accounts suggest that a French boy, Stephen led several thousand youngsters to Marseilles where they expected the waters to part to allow them to march to the Holy Land, this was apparently replicated in Italy but the outcome was a disaster with many sold into slavery.
The Fifth Crusade from 1218 to 1221 was mainly concerned with wresting control of Egypt and after initial success it too returned with little to show for its troubles.
The Sixth Crusade was a success, but in very different circumstances, for it was the Emperor Frederick 11 who led it as a strictly lay enterprise. Instead of receiving papal blessing it was actually cursed by the papacy and yet it succeeded without any hostile acts against the Muslims. The Emperor was married to Isabella, heiress to the Kingdom of Jerusalem and he undertook the crusade as king (despite being excommunicated by Pope Gregory 1X) He signed a 10 year treaty whereby he regained the city and other territories connecting it to the coast, however even the Pope prevented aid reaching the Holy Land while Frederick was king and once again the crusader states in the Holy Land were under threat. The barons of the crusader states soon sought alliances with Damascus against the Sultan of Egypt but by 1244 the Christian and Muslim forces of Damascus were routed and Jerusalem fell yet again.
The Seventh Crusade was launched by Pope Innocent IV in 1245 and led by St. Louis, the King of France, the first objective was Egypt, but as usual an outright victory proved elusive. He was captured in Damietta and after his ransom was paid he moved to Acre where he vainly pleaded for aid from Europe. He returned to France in 1254 with little to show for his sojourn in the Middle East. In 1265 the Sultan Bibars captured Caesarea and then in 1268 he captured Antioch prompting St. Louis to consider another crusade, but this one was to start in Tunis where upon the unfortunate St. Louis fell ill and died. His brother prince Edward of England was a partner in the enterprise and tried unsuccessfully to get the aid of the Mongols in Persia to oust the Mamlukes. He returned home in 1272, the last of the western crusaders to visit the Levant. The Sultan of Egypt captured Acre in 1291, the last Latin kingdom in the region. The crusader influence was still felt in Cyprus but that too was to be short lived and despite various attempts to regain influence in the region failed as the thought of recovering ‘the Holy Land' turned, by the late fifteenth century to a defence of the advancement of the Ottoman Turks. Indeed warfare between the Ottoman Turkish Empire and Christian states was to continue into the twentieth century.
The crusades, inspired by religion, greed, racism, and a belief in the power of God over Allah left two significant echoes in the Middle East namely; the belief in Muslim circles that the West is out to convert, save, steal Muslim lands and identities for its own purposes and more tangibly the remarkable collection of stone fortresses collectively known as Crusader Castles.
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0.734666 |
A boyishly handsome American leading man of the 1930s, most memorably in the title role opposite Katharine Hepburn in "The Little Minister" (1934), John Beal also has the distinction of having starred in "The Necklace" (NBC, 1949), the very first dramatic program to win an Emmy Award. His long journeyman career took him from 1930 into the 90s, and included appearances on "Studio One," in the original TV version of "12 Angry Men," and portraying the original Jim Matthews on NBC's daytime soap "Another World" (1964).
Trained in both business and art, Beal first acted as Mephistopheles in "John Faust Ph.D.," a play performed first at the University of Pennsylvania in 1930, the year he received his BS degree and later that year at the old Metropolitan Opera House in New York City. After some additional stage experience in Pennsylvania, Beal was back in New York in "Give Me Yesterday" (1931) at the Charles Hopkins Theatre and then appeared with the Provincetown Players. He played Jerry Hallam, the brother role, in "Another Language" on Broadway and then went west to do the part in the film version for MGM in 1933. After that one film at MGM, he settled into a contract with RKO for several years, before returning to MGM, but all along continued to return to New York for Broadway appearances, particularly in "Russet Mantle" (1936), and "Miss Swan Expects" (1939).
The Hollywood phase of Beal's career was solid, if not truly stellar, until military service interrupted and took away the momentum. Beal was Gavin, the Scottish pastor, opposite Katharine Hepburn in RKO's "The Little Minister" and was loaned out to United Artists to play Marius in the 1935 rendition of "Les Miserables." He played the title role of Laddie Stanton in "Laddie" (1935), and was a surgeon who throws in his doctoring to become a hobo in "The Man Who Found Himself" (1937). Freelancing after 1938, Beal tossed off the heroic image to be a corrupt civic leader opposite Edward G. Robinson's good guy (for a change!) special prosecutor in "I Am the Law" (1938) at Columbia. He also played in "Ellery Queen and the Perfect Crime" (1941) for Columbia, but, by the following year, Beal was decidedly a supporting player, billed below Errol Flynn in "Edge of Darkness," a Warner Bros. release about Norway's resistance to the Nazis. Beal made a few films after the war, but toward the end of the 50s, he was appearing in such fare as "The Vampire" (1957), as a scientist turned into a blood sucker.
Beal returned to the stage, playing Captain Fishby, in John Patrick's Pulitzer Prize-winning Broadway play, "The Teahouse of the August Moon" (1955). He went on to play the title role in "Mr. Roberts" in Canada in 1958, appear with Elizabeth Ashley in "Take Her, She's Mine" on Broadway in 1962, and was in the ensemble of "Thornton Wilder's Triple Bill"(1966). But TV work provided steadier employment. Beal, like many actors, had been a radio performer on occasion in the 30s, and 40s, even appearing on "The University Player of the Air" on NBC in 1948-49. He broke into TV early, as master of ceremonies (host) for "Darts for Dough," an early NBC game show, and as a guest star on numerous programs, including "Your Show Time," for which he did "The Necklace" (which won the first Emmy for Best Dramatic Show) and "The Kate Smith Show" (1950). Beal appeared in the first TV production of Horton Foote's "The Trip to Bountiful" on "The Goodyear-Philco Hour" (1953), the first "Twelve Angry Men" on "Studio One" (1954), and numerous other dramas. He was even a host and interviewer on "Hollywood's Best" on WHCN-TV from 1957-58. Although he continued to do guest appearances, Beal also joined the regular cast of the ABC soap opera "The Road to Reality" from 1960-61 and, from 1962-67, was Dr. Henden on "The Nurses." He took time away from the latter to play the first Jim Matthews for a short period on "Another World" when it premiered in 1964 on NBC.
Beal played in a few TV-movies in he 70s: he was the family doctor in "The Legend of Lizzie Borden" (ABC, 1975), and the president's doctor in "Eleanor and Franklin: The White House Years" (ABC, 1977). He was also Charles Adams II in the PBS series "The Adams Chronicles" (1976). Beal was still active in the 90s in all media. He had a small role in the syndicated TV-movie "The Kid Who Loved Christmas" (1990), was on stage as the Head Porter in "A Little Hotel on the Side" and in the ensemble of "Three Men on a Horse" at the National Actors Theatre in 1992 and 1995 respectively. He had his final screen role, a small part as a senior law partner, in "The Firm" (1993). Still of mellifluous voice, he narrated two TV specials produced by his daughter, Tandy Beal, in 1987: "Tandy Beal's Nutcracker" and "Listening to the Earth." Beal suffered a stroke in 1995 and succumbed to complications in April 1997.
Was regular on radio's "University Theatre of the Air"
Was master of ceremonies on NBC's "Darts for Dough"
Made final stage appearanc in the Broadway revival of "Three Men on a Horse"
Played Charles Adams II in "The Adams Chronicles"
Helen Craig. Actor. Born May 13, 1912; married 1934 until her death in 1986.
Tita Beal. Actor. Survived him.
Tandy Beal. Producer. Survived him.
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0.999965 |
Question In my family practice, I tell my female patients of reproductive age who have depression that untreated depression in pregnancy might be more harmful than the unproven risks of antidepressants. However, I recently read in a national news magazine that there is actually no evidence for this advice. Have I missed something?
Answer You did not miss anything, so you should continue to advise your pregnant patients as before. News magazines can have substantial bias, as the reporters often only interview “experts” who support their beliefs, as was probably the case in this article. Most glaringly, in this instance, no perinatal psychiatrists were interviewed and none of the experts were clinically involved with pregnant women. We believe that media statements like the one you mentioned might lead women to abruptly discontinue their antidepressants, putting themselves at risk of relapse, hospitalization, and even suicide. Your balancing role in providing your patient with evidence-based information is critical.
Up to 1 in 5 pregnant women is affected by depression, but unfortunately many of these cases are undiagnosed or untreated.1 To help prevent the consequences of untreated depression, it is crucial to use screening tools and be up to date on the effectiveness and safety of pharmacotherapy.
For some pregnant women, appropriate pharmacotherapy is necessary, as maternal depression has been associated with various detrimental health concerns for both the baby and the mother. Babies born to women with untreated depression are at risk of prematurity, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth restriction.2,3 The negative consequences of untreated maternal depression might also affect childhood development. Higher impulsivity, maladaptive social interactions, and cognitive, behavioural, and emotional difficulties have been shown to occur.4,5 The adverse outcomes of untreated maternal depression might also be detrimental to the mother. Importantly, pregnant women with depression are more at risk of developing postpartum depression and suicidality.6 Increased hospital admissions and pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia have also been linked to untreated maternal depression.6,7 It has also been shown that pregnant women with depression are more likely to engage in high-risk health behaviour. Some examples include smoking, illicit substance and alcohol abuse, and poor nutrition.8 To prevent this behaviour, antidepressant treatment might be needed.
Health care providers should be aware that women might require increased doses of their antidepressant medications in late pregnancy owing to pharmacokinetic changes. In pregnancy, the volume of distribution and renal drug elimination increase. Additionally, the metabolic activities of CYP (cytochrome P450) 3A4 and CYP2D6, enzymes responsible for the metabolism of many selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, have been shown to be increased.13 It is generally recommended that patients be treated with the minimum effective dose and monitored closely. It is important to communicate to the patient that owing to these pharmacokinetic changes, an increase in dose might be required if breakthrough symptoms occur.
For some women, untreated depression can have tragic consequences, the most serious being death by suicide. Unfortunately, at Motherisk we have been made aware of cases in which pregnant women have died by suicide following abrupt discontinuation of their antidepressants, a tragedy that could possibly have been avoided with continuing treatment.
Antidepressants should always be prescribed judiciously by physicians in all patients, most especially pregnant women. However, it is clear from examination of all the current evidence-based information, and application of an individualized risk-benefit ratio, that women with clinically serious depression should be offered drug therapy.10 Whether or not they take it is ultimately their decision; however, they will be armed with scientific information, rather than with non-expert opinions expressed in news magazines.
Motherisk questions are prepared by the Motherisk Team at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ont. Mr Chan and Mr Natekar are graduate students at the University of Toronto. Ms Einarson is a consultant for and Dr Koren is Director of the Motherisk Program. Dr Koren is supported by the Research Leadership for Better Pharmacotherapy during Pregnancy and Lactation. He holds the Ivey Chair in Molecular Toxicology in the Department of Medicine at the University of Western Ontario in London.
. Role of anxiety and depression in the onset of spontaneous preterm labor. Am J Epidemiol 2002;155(4):293-301.
. Depression during pregnancy: overview of clinical factors. Clin Drug Investig 2004;24(3):157-79.
. Perinatal risks of untreated depression during pregnancy. Can J Psychiatry 2004;49(11):726-35.
. Psychological health in early pregnancy: relationship with nausea and vomiting. J Obstet Gynaecol 2004;24(1):28-32.
. Depressive symptoms during pregnancy: relationship to poor health behaviors. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;160(5 Pt 1):1107-11.
. Neurodevelopment of children exposed in utero to antidepressant drugs. N Engl J Med 1997;336(4):258-62.
. Gestational changes in drug disposition in the maternal-fetal unit. In: Koren G, editor. Medication safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding. New York, NY: McGraw Hill; 2007. p. 5-12.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor discontinuation during pregnancy: At what risk?
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0.981783 |
Every time I've come across premade frozen-cocktails-in-a-bag at the grocery store, I can't help but wonder if there might be something worth drinking inside.
But, first I had to establish a baseline for my expectations. What defines a 'good' frozen cocktail? Does such a thing exist? How did these cocktail-pouches come to be? The history is a little more extensive than you might suspect.
If you've ever visited East Asia or frequented a decent Chinatown in another country, you've probably come across some version of shaved ice. In China, it's known as "bao bing," in Korea "bing soo" and in Japan, it's called "kakigori," but the basic concept is the same: take a large chunk of ice, shave tiny flakes off from it, and flavor with sweet toppings.
Versions of shaved ice have been eaten in Asia since as early as the 7th century A.D. As technology has progressed, the texture of the shaved ice has become increasingly more fine and creamy. Today, condensed milk is considered a 'traditional' topping for shaved ice, though it seems that the addition of milk is quite new: condensed and evaporated milks weren't even invented until the mid-1800s. Regardless of culture, creaminess seems to be a desired trait in the ice-based cocktail category.
When I dug into the history of slushie type drinks in the United States, I discovered that the turning point that created Americans' love affair with frozen drinks took place somewhere around the 1950s.
Why then? To simplify: World War II changed the priorities of the American household. During the war, women had to take jobs outside the home, and when the war ended, many women wanted to keep those jobs and sought out convenient tools and technology to make housework lighter. With a booming economy, consumerism was on the rise.
The electric blender had been around as early as the 1920s, but at first it was considered a large, loud, dangerous device better suited to medical research than home cooking. By the 1950s, though, the blender had gone through several redesigns and was considered a useful kitchen tool.
In 1938, Fred Waring, the blender's original inventor, brought his contraption to a famed home economist named Mabel Stegner. In 1952, Stegner released a book titled "electric blender recipes," and in this book is the earliest published mention of the blended strawberry daiquiri that I have been able to find.
Unlike the classic rum daiquiri which is a simple and tart mix of rum shaken with sugar and lime, the strawberry daiquiri relies on the electric blender to pulverize frozen strawberries (another convenience born around the same time) into a syrupy, slushy mess. Love it or hate it, the strawberry daiquiri would live on to be the great-grandparent of all manner of blended cocktail.
Rayna Green helped curate the recent food exhibit at the National Museum of American History in Washington, DC. In this excellent article for the Atlantic Monthly, Green explains how in the process of her research, she came upon the world's first Margarita machine.
I won't give all the details from the article away, but essentially frozen margaritas became popular around the same time as strawberry daiquiris did, but it was a pain to keep blending these drinks for service in bars. So an enterprising entrepreneur teamed up with a chemist to hack a soft-serve ice cream machine to dose out always-ready Margarita slush.
I bet the Margarita machine's original creators used quality tequila and lime, but they did have to add extra sugar to the machine to get the consistency right, and this simple change could be what was ultimately responsible for decades of terribly sweet blended cocktails.
Let's fast forward a bit. We all know that for the last few decades, plenty of pre-made bottled drink mixes have come and gone, and many of those were glow-in-the-dark toothachingly sweet syrups designed to be blended with ice and alcohol. Frozen drinks earned a bad reputation over the years, especially as the cocktail renaissance began to praise the value of freshly squeezed juices and high-quality spirits in cocktails.
So why is it that I've started noticing a resurgence of pre-made slushie drinks at the grocery store? Are these things any good? I made a few purchases in the name of science.
These concoctions come in a variety of flavors and I've seen them sold both frozen and on the shelf, in liquid form. The instructions on the bag say to freeze the contents for at least 8 hours. In my freezer, that turned the drink into a solid block of ice.
You'll know when the texture is about right—the contents in the bag will flow around smoothly, and will feel like a thick liquid, not a chunk of ice. The drink pours smoothly from the bag.
And, depending on the particular flavor, the ice stays soft, thick, and reasonably creamy for a long time.
So, how are they? They tasted...well, not worth tasting. I purchased 5 different flavors to see whether ingredients and textures varied. The pina colada had the best creamy texture, but there wasn't even the slightest hint of rum flavor. The 'frozen wine cocktails' by Arbor Mist had the best flavor, probably because they actually tasted like wine, but even so, they were sugary to the point that I couldn't finish a whole pouch.
Someone is buying these drinks, for sure, and manufacturers seem to have hit a sweet spot of convenience, since there's no need to put syrup + ice in a blender anymore. The flavor isn't great, but I have to give whoever conceived the things props for being able to create consistently-textured results with zero stirring or blending.
The basics. Water and wine. Alcohol does help to lower the freezing point of ice and therefore give drinks more of a "slush" texture, but in the low amounts found in these products, the effect will not be significant.
Flavorings. High fructose corn syrup, natural flavors, pear juice concentrate, citric acid, sucralose. You might know sucralose better by its brand name Splenda.
Preservatives. Sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate: these are widely used in industry and are recognized as some of the least toxic preservatives available.
Texture agents. Here's where it gets interesting. Glycerin is a sugar alcohol (polyol) that binds water. In this application, it's probably one of the keys to why the cocktail doesn't separate when frozen. Xanthan gum is another important thickener (it's also known for being the secret behind blended coffee drinks).
Emulsifiers. Gum arabic and medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) help flavoring agents stay evenly dispersed within a liquid. That's because many flavorings are more soluble in oil than in water and so would separate without the help of these emulsifiers. Gum arabic has also been shown to prevent the formulation of large ice crystals, which could contribute to a more creamy texture, but I'm not sure they're if they're using enough of it here to make a difference.
Not sure. Sodium polyphosphates are a name used for a few different types of salts that can help other salts stay in solution. It has many uses in food processing, but I think it's most likely being used here in conjunction with the MCTs as an emulsifier—but I can't be sure. Then there's carbonated water: that one throws me for a loop. I have no idea why carbonated water would be used here, especially in small amounts. If you have an idea, please leave a note in the comments.
What have we learned? There sure was a lot of technical wizardry involved in creating the desired texture in these cocktails, but was any of it really necessary? I don't think so.
When I researched this more, I found out it's not that hard to make frozen drinks ahead of time. As it turns out, real fruit, either fresh or frozen, does double duty as both thickener and emulsifier. Fruit makes a decent flavoring agent, too.
So if blended slushie cocktails are one of your dirty pleasures, don't be ashamed to whip one up as the weather gets warmer (or as you try to pretend that you're escaping to a tropical destination). Simply get your hands on a good blender and try one of these solid (or not so solid?) recipes.
What are some of your favorite frozen blender drinks?
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When making jam or marmalade, you need to know how to test its setting point.
When you test, ALWAYS TAKE THE PAN OFF THE HEAT AS YOU TEST and TEST EARLY !!
1) Test with a sugar thermometer and remember, jam sets at a temperature of 220 degrees F.
2) Stir preserves thoroughly with a wooden spoon, turn the spoon round to cool the jam adhering to it, then hold the spoon horizontally. If jam has set, it will form a firm drop or flake on the edge of the spoon.
3) Put a little on a cold saucer, cool it, and if adequately set it should wrinkle and feel firm.
When making jam or marmalade do not continually stir. Wait until it reaches setting point, stir for a minute (this will get rid of quite a lot of the scum), then remove the remainder. A knob of butter or margarine put in will not only safeguard it from burning in a thin pan but will also help to prevent scum.
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Haha great review as always.
The Ringer's Mallory Rubin and Jason Concepcion discuss ‘Game of Thrones’ Season 1, Episode 10, "Fire and Blood," by unpacking its central theme: rebirth (5:10). They also analyze the backstory behind the “King in the North” title (20:35) and crown a new mother as the episode’s champion (30:40).
The Ringer's Mallory Rubin and Jason Concepcion discuss ‘Game of Thrones’ Season 1, Episode 9, "Baelor," by parsing its central theme: the sometimes bitter pill that is compromise (5:50). They also break down the Battle of the Whispering Wood (20:10) before crowning its winner as the episode’s champion (30:05).
The Ringer's Mallory Rubin and Jason Concepcion discuss ‘Game of Thrones’ Season 1, Episode 8, "The Pointy End," by considering its central theme: the crucial, life-sustaining practice of building allegiances (3:50). They also review the stories behind the Old Gods and Weirwoods (20:00) and crown another episode champion (31:30).
The Ringer's Mallory Rubin and Jason Concepcion discuss ‘Game of Thrones’ Season 1, Episode 7, "You Win or You Die," by exploring its central theme: the importance of legacy (4:50). They also explain the history of the Night’s Watch, one of the central institutions on the show (20:00), and journey south to crown the episode’s champion (29:30).
The Ringer's Mallory Rubin and Jason Concepcion discuss ‘Game of Thrones’ Season 1, Episode 6, "A Golden Crown," by analyzing its central theme: loyalty and the ramifications when it becomes lost, gained, manipulated, and muddled (5:00). They also explore the history of the trial-by-combat tradition (19:40) and crown the episode’s champion (28:25).
The Ringer's Mallory Rubin and Jason Concepcion discuss ‘Game of Thrones’ Season 1, Episode 5, "The Wolf and the Lion," by examining its central theme: What makes a good ruler (4:25)? They also provide insight on bastards and the importance of a family name (19:05) and crown a pair of schemers as the episode’s champions (28:50).
The Ringer's Mallory Rubin and Jason Concepcion discuss ‘Game of Thrones’ Season 1, Episode 4, "Cripples, Bastards, and Broken Things," by dissecting its central theme: the political and personal plots and conspiracies that entangle numerous characters (4:15). They also provide an overview of Dragonlore (19:00) and crown a new episode champion (31:50).
The Ringer's Mallory Rubin and Jason Concepcion discuss ‘Game of Thrones’ Season 1, Episode 3, "Lord Snow," by exploring its central theme: institutional decay (6:00). They also explain the history the Mad King and the beef between Ned Stark and Jaime Lannister (17:10) before crowning the episode’s champion (29:00).
The Ringer's Mallory Rubin and Jason Concepcion discuss ‘Game of Thrones’ Season 1, Episode 2, “The Kingsroad,” by parsing its central theme: transitioning and enhancing one’s agency (6:30). They also discuss Viserys and Daenerys Targaryen’s time as refugees (16:24) and crown a pack of youngsters as the episode’s champions (28:40).
The Ringer's Mallory Rubin and Jason Concepcion discuss ‘Game of Thrones’ Season 1, Episode 1, “Winter Is Coming,” by unpacking its central theme: the weight of shared history (7:10). They also provide the backstory of Robert’s Rebellion (19:00) and crown the inaugural episode champion (34:30).
The Ringer's Mallory Rubin and Jason Concepcion discuss ‘Game of Thrones’ Season 2, Episode 10, "Valar Morghulis," by probing its central theme: winning the battle but not the war (10:00). They also relate the history of the Fist of the First Men (28:10) before crowning the final episode champion of the season (38:30).
The Ringer's Mallory Rubin and Jason Concepcion discuss ‘Game of Thrones’ Season 2, Episode 9, "Blackwater," by exploring its central theme: risking everything (7:20). They also consider the backstories behind the Lord of Light and blood magic (23:30) before crowning an unlikely war hero as the episode’s champion (33:10).
The Ringer's Mallory Rubin and Jason Concepcion discuss ‘Game of Thrones’ Season 2, Episode 8, "The Prince of Winterfell," by studying its central theme, fear, and its various manifestations and effects (6:15). They also provide the backstory of the Onion Knight and siege of Storm’s End (28:30) before crowning the episode’s champion (39:00).
The Ringer's Mallory Rubin and Jason Concepcion discuss ‘Game of Thrones’ Season 2 Episode 7, "A Man Without Honor," by reviewing its central theme: survival (6:00). They also examine the history of the Wildlings (26:10) before crowning a pair of local rivals as the episode’s champions (35:16).
The Ringer's Mallory Rubin and Jason Concepcion discuss “Game of Thrones” Season 2, Episode 6, "The Old Gods and the New," by parsing its central theme: betrayal (7:17). They also delve into the history of the city of Qarth (25:00) before crowning a new episode champion (34:00).
The Ringer's Mallory Rubin and Jason Concepcion discuss ‘Game of Thrones’ Season 2, Episode 5, "The Ghost of Harrenhal," by analyzing its central theme: the importance of preparation and planning (6:00). They also detail the battles and events leading up to the assassination of Renly Baratheon (25:00) before crowning a competitor for the throne as the episode’s champion (35:10).
The Ringer's Mallory Rubin and Jason Concepcion discuss ‘Game of Thrones’ Season 2, Episode 4, "Garden of Bones," by exploring its central theme: the cost of war (6:00). They also examine the backstory behind the curse of Harrenhal (25:00) before crowning a repeat winner as the episode’s champion (36:00).
The Ringer's Mallory Rubin and Jason Concepcion discuss “Game of Thrones” Season 2, Episode 3, "What Is Dead May Never Die," by analyzing its central theme: lessons, from both mentor-protégé relationships and broader teachable moments (5:10). They also explain the history of maesters and the disappearance of magic (22:10) before crowning a new player in the Game of Thrones as the episode’s champion (31:00).
The Ringer's Mallory Rubin and Jason Concepcion discuss ‘Game of Thrones’ Season 2, Episode 2, "The Night Lands," by parsing its central theme: identity, and how characters are perceived by both themselves and others (5:30). They also break down the backstory of the Greyjoy Rebellion and Iron Islands culture (22:20) before crowning a fan favorite as the episode’s champion (30:30).
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Why are scientists so unsure of the exact definition of intelligence? Explore the challenges of measuring and quantifying intelligence, including the problem with IQ tests. Find out how researchers currently think about intelligence, and the implications these ideas have on the way we design school curriculums.
So many mistakes in this lesson. To set some things straight: 1. IQ tests don't vary a great deal. If the same people take different IQ tests, their results have an average correlation of .95 That's way more than any other psychological test could ever achieve and a strong hint that the results of IQ tests are indeed reliable. 2. The concept of g is strongly related to the concept of IQ. G seems to be fluid intelligence, which you need to learn and understand new things. The other half is called crystallized intelligence which represents the things you already learned. 3. We know already quite well why some people have a higher g-factor than others. Usually it is a combination of a few crucial factors: * the speed how fast information can be processed in the entire nervous system * the amount of information that can be manipulated in working memory * the efficiency of connections in the neural network (more intelligent people have fewer but stronger connections) * the overall size of the brain (particularly that of the praefrontal cortex and the parietal lobe) 4. Both, IQ and g factor not only play a role in educational attainment but are very strong predictors of many crucial outcomes in life such as income, job performance, (low) criminality and longevity - to name only a few. Even more so, the average IQ of the citizens of a country is the most important factor for how well a country will do by far. This adds lots of credibility that IQ tests measure indeed cognitive performance which is hugely important for how well you will do in life. 5. No, we do not "yet have to untangle the relative contributions of each [nature and nurture] to inteliigence". We know already quite well that at least for the IQ of adults in western countries genes have a far bigger influence, as the heritability of IQ for these people is >0.8 Right now genome-wide association studies make it more and more possible to exactly pinpoint the locations in the human gene pool that contribute to differences in IQ. This lesson is really done poorly and unnecessarily confusing. Even its title is misleading as IQ and memory are not the same thing. Who wants to get a better and much more profound understanding of IQ, g factor and what they measure should check out an expert on this subject: Prof Haier and his lecture "The intelligent brain".
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In the latest episode , Tom and Greg celebrate the 60th anniversary of Auntie Mame, the outrageous comedy masterpiece starring Rosalind Russell that’s mostly set on Beekman Place, the pocket enclave of New York wealth that transforms into a haven for oddballs and bohemian eccentrics.
Auntie Mame cleverly uses historical events — the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the Great Depression — as a backdrop to Mame’s own financial woes, and her progressive-minded care of nephew Patrick introduces some rather avant garde philosophies to movie-going audiences.
Listen in as the Bowery Boys set up the film’s history, then give a rollicking synopsis through the zany plot line.
To listen to the show, support the Bowery Boys podcast on Patreon! For those who support us there already, check your emails or head over to your Patreon page.
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8 oz vegan "cream cheese"
Assembly: [br] 1. Pour 2 tablespoons liquor on each cake layer.
2. Spread 1/2 of chocolate on 1 cake. Let cool for 10 min. Spread cheese mixture on top of chocolate.
3. Carefully place second cake on top of cheese layer.
4. Spread remaining 1/2 of chocolate topping over second cake.
haha ok it didnt look very good though! as you can see by my picture, but who cares it tastes good!
I used this cake for my sister's birthday and she loved it. I still can't seem to make this icing thick enough to stay in place... so I decided to just work with it the way it is, and it turned out kind of cute anyway.
This cake tastes great... but mine didn't look like much. I thought I followed the directions, and I made the cake sheets the day before I even started the filling/topping, so they were beyond cooled - but both were too liquid-y and dripped down the sides of the cake. I must have measured some things wrong, I guess. So it wasn't pretty, but the flavor was great. I agree that it's not really tiramasu, but it's still a wonderful idea for a cake - if I could just pull it off! For next time, I think I'll add a lot less soy milk to the chocolate, at least.
do you buy the sheets , or do you make them?
I made the sheets using this recipe: http://vegweb.com/index.php?topic=6372.
Well, I decided to go with two 8x8 cakes, although for those making it in the future, there is DEFINITELY enough topping to cover two 13x9 cakes if you choose to do so. This was really tasty, and I'm sure it will be even better tomorrow after it has had some time to chill and harden in the fridge. If you are making it for a party, make it the day ahead, and make sure the cakes are completely cool first. I followed the recipe exactly except I used extra Kahlua (hehe). While it is delicious, it does not taste anything like tiramisu - it's more like "White Cake with Double Frosting" or a more creative name that indicates such. It has, however, inspired me to try to make vegan tiramisu. Thanks!
What size cake sheets do you use for this recipe - 13x9 (large, rectangular) or 8x8 (small, square)? I would like to make this tonight. Thanks!!!
This turned out really good! I used the simple white cake recipe and coffee rather than coffee liquor. Excellent!!!!
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Why this topic is hot: The Do–it–Yourself craze is hot and shows no signs of slowing down. This audience is looking for a resource that gives them the confidence to roll up their sleeves, grab a screwdriver and try their own project.
Who we are targeting: Cost conscious consumers who want to save money and get a computer that meets their specific needs, rather than the cookie–cutter PC from some computer manufacturer. Serious PC gamers who prefer to build their own systems in order to maximize the performance of their favorite games. Those looking to recycle parts from an older PC into a new PC to give to a child, relative, or to create a secondary system.
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How can we perform efficient inference and learning in directed probabilistic models, in the presence of continuous latent variables with intractable posterior distributions, and large datasets? We introduce a stochastic variational inference and learning algorithm that scales to large datasets and, under some mild differentiability conditions, even works in the intractable case. Our contributions is two-fold. First, we show that a reparameterization of the variational lower bound yields a lower bound estimator that can be straightforwardly optimized using standard stochastic gradient methods. Second, we show that for i.i.d. datasets with continuous latent variables per datapoint, posterior inference can be made especially efficient by fitting an approximate inference model (also called a recognition model) to the intractable posterior using the proposed lower bound estimator. Theoretical advantages are reflected in experimental results.
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Discuss two reasons why the framers created a bicameral legislature.
Congress has two chambers: Senate and House of Representatives Senate is smaller; each state has two senators House is larger; each state has a number of representatives proportional to its population Founding Fathers chose bicameralism for historical, theoretical, and practical reasons The Constitution created a bicameral national legislature—that is, a Congress composed of two separate chambers, the Senate and the House of Representatives.
The Senatesometimes called "the upper house," is smaller currently 100 seats and its members serve longer terms six years.
Each state, no matter how large or small, has equal representation two seats each in the Senate. The House of Representatives, a. Representation in the House is proportional to population, so larger states receive many more seats than do smaller states.
Both houses have certain unique powers and responsibilities, but for the most part, the House and Senate work in parallel. That is to say, senators and congressmen perform broadly similar functions in the national government. Both houses have to pass any piece of proposed legislation for it to become law.
The House and the Senate are arguably redundant institutions. Why, then, did the Constitution create a bicameral legislature?
If the first principle of democracy is "one person, one vote," then how democratic is the United States Senate?
The House and the Senate are arguably redundant institutions. The first was a matter of historical precedent.
Secondly, the American bicameral legislative system springs from Roger Sherman's Great Compromise which allowed the small states and large states to get together under one government.
The House and the Senate are arguably redundant institutions. So if you don't like the current setup, maybe you should just move to Canada.
Representation in the House is based on population, which gives the more populous states an advantage.
Why not merge the House and Senate into a single unicameral legislative body? There are three main reasons. The first was a matter of historical precedent. While the American colonists had rebelled against British rule in the Revolutionary War, they still drew many of their ideas about government from their colonial experience as British subjects. And the British Parliament had two houses—an upper chamber, the House of Lords, filled with representatives of the aristocracy, and a lower chamber, the House of Commons, filled with representatives of the ordinary people.
That example shaped the thinking of the Constitution's framers. The second was more theoretical. The framers' emphasis on the idea of checks and balances led them to be suspicious that a unicameral legislature might consolidate too much power in one institution. By dividing legislative power between the House and the Senate, the two chambers would serve as checks against each other's authority, theoretically preventing either from ever gaining tyrannical power. The third, and by far the most important, was a matter of practical politics.
The Constitutional Convention included delegates from twelve of the original thirteen states.
Representation in the House is proportional to population, so larger states receive many more seats than do smaller states.
Rhode Island boycotted the whole thing. Those delegates came from small states and large states.
But was "The Great Compromise" really so great?
Those delegates came from small states and large states.
The small states, afraid of losing influence in the new government, demanded that representation in Congress be awarded on an equal basis to all states, no matter how large or small. But the large states insisted, no less forcefully, that representation should be based on population; since larger states had more voters, they ought to have more votes in Congress, too.
Why, then, did the Constitution create a bicameral legislature?
While the American colonists had rebelled against British rule in the Revolutionary War, they still drew many of their ideas about government from their colonial experience as British subjects.
This fierce dispute over representation dragged on throughout the summer of 1787, threatening to derail the entire Constitutional Convention. But a bicameral legislature provided the perfect opportunity for compromise—in fact, for "The Great Compromise. But was "The Great Compromise" really so great?
If the first principle of democracy is "one person, one vote," then how democratic is the United States Senate? Today, the largest state California, home to more than 36. But the two states' representation in the Senate is equal—two seats each. That arguably means that an individual voter from Wyoming is worth 73 times as much as any one Californian. Your answer to that question will probably depend on whether you live in Cheyenne or San Francisco.
On the one hand, the current system does ensure that places like Wyoming aren't entirely ignored in our national politics. On the other hand, it hardly seems fair to deny Californians and Texans, New Yorkers, and residents of other large states the right to "one person, one vote. Article V of the Constitution guarantees that no state can ever be stripped of its equal representation in the Senate without giving its consent.
So if you don't like the current setup, maybe you should just move to Canada.
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It is famous for being the birthplace of the Dominican heroines, the Mirabal sisters who gave their lives in the struggle against the dictator Rafael Trujillo. There is a museum in the town, Ojo de Agua (meaning Water Eye) commemorating three of sisters who were killed in the struggle against dictatorship. It is tended to by the remaining sister, Bélgica (Dedé) Mirabal.
The city is named after Francisco Antonio Salcedo who fought in the northwestern part of the country against the Haitian army during the Dominican-Haitian War after the Dominican independence from Haiti in 1844.
In the place where is now the city of Salcedo there was a very small town with the name of Juana Núñez. It was made a Puesto cantonal (an old category that now is called Municipal District) in 1880 as part of the old La Vega province.
With the creation of the Espaillat province in 1885, Juana Núñez was made part of this new province. In 1891, its name was changed from Juana Núñez to the present one, Salcedo.
Salcedo was made a municipality in 1905 and, when the Salcedo Province (now Hermanas Mirabal Province) was created in 1952, the city became the head municipality of the new province.
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New Year's Day(元日) January 1(三) This national holiday was established in 1948, as a day to celebrate the new year. New Year's Day marks the beginning of Japan's most important holiday season, the New Year season (正月 Shōgatsu), which generally refers to the first one, three or seven days of the year. Although not prescribed by law, many workplaces are closed from December 29 to January 3. Prior to 1948, New Year's Day was a national holiday on which the imperial worship ceremony known as Shihō-hai took place.
Foundation Day （建國記念の日 ） February 11(二) This national holiday was established in 1966 (and first held in 1967) as a day to reflect on the establishment of the nation and to nourish a love for the country. From 1872 to 1948, February 11 was known as Kigen-setsu (紀元節), a holiday commemorating the day on which—according to the Nihon Shoki—Emperor Jimmu is said to have acceded the throne in 660 BCE.
Vernal Equinox Day （春分の日 ） March 21(五) Around March 20 This national holiday was established in 1948 as a day for the admiration of nature and the love of living things. Prior to 1948, the vernal equinox was an imperial ancestor worship festival called Shunki kōrei-sai (春季皇霊祭).
Shōwa Day （昭和の日 ） April 29(二) This national holiday was established in 2007 as a day to reflect on the events of the Shōwa period. As the birthday of Hirohito, officially known as Emperor Shōwa, April 29 was originally celebrated as a holiday during his lifetime. (See "The Emperor's Birthday" below.) After the death of Hirohito in 1989, the date continued to be a holiday under the new name "Greenery Day". (See also below.) In 2007, Greenery Day was moved to May 4, and April 29 took the name "Shōwa Day" in honor of the late Emperor. Shōwa Day marks the start of the Golden Week holiday period.
Constitution Memorial Day May 3(六) This national holiday was established in 1948, to commemorate the day on which Japan's postwar constitution took effect. Constitution Memorial Day falls during Golden Week.
Children's Day（こどもの日） May 5(一) This national holiday was established in 1948, as a day on which to esteem the personalities of children and plan for their happiness. It is on this day that the Japanese equivalent of the Dragon Boat Festival (端午の節句 Tango no Sekku?) is held. On this day, and for some time before it, families who have a boy in their home may fly koinobori and decorate their homes with armor or samurai dolls. Children's Day marks the end of Golden Week.
Autumnal Equinox Day （秋分の日） September 23 This national holiday was established in 1948 as a day on which to honor one's ancestors and remember the dead. Prior to 1948, the autumnal equinox was an imperial ancestor worship festival called Shūki kōrei-sai (秋季皇霊祭).
Labour Thanksgiving Day （勤労感謝の日） November 23(日) This national holiday was established in 1948 as an occasion for praising labor, celebrating production and giving one another thanks. Prior to the establishment of this holiday, November 23 was celebrated as an imperial harvest festival called Niiname-sai .
Días festivos en Japón en 2014 fue establecido por la Ley de los días festivos ( Día Nacional Completo desean que respecta al Derecho ru ) 1948 (modificada) . Prestación prescrita por la ley, cuando una fiesta nacional cae en domingo , el día hábil siguiente será un día festivo , llamado furikaekyūjitsu (vibración de vacaciones , lit. " Vacaciones Shift" ) . Además, otras dos fiestas nacionales caen entre un día cualquiera También habrá un festival, llamado kokumin no kyujitsu (fiesta nacional completo , lit. " Fiesta cívica ") . 4 de mayo , Día de la Constitución intercalado entre el 3 de mayo y el Día del Niño el 5 de mayo , se trata de un festival , el ejemplo anual , hasta que fue sustituido por Green Day en 2007.
Antes de 1873 , Japón adoptó el calendario gregoriano, la fecha de las vacaciones se basa en el calendario lunisolar chino tradicional. Por lo tanto , el día de Año Nuevo, por ejemplo, se celebra a principios de la primavera, ya que es en la moderna China, Corea y Vietnam. Japón tiene 15 fiestas nacionales, aprobados por el gobierno .
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Can you give me a manual for this?! Seriously! I find it so hard to keep this in mind but yes, this is how I want my daughter to be raised.
I’d love to give you a manual. Hmmm, maybe it’s time to write one but I can recommend a book that shares this philosophy: Grooming the Next Generation for Success by Dani Johnson. You can order it on Amazon or directly from her website (www.danijohnson.com).
You can do it! Your daughter is blessed to have you want this for her.
Ahh thank you! I’ll check the book out..
Amen! I want to raise adults who are good, not children who know how to act well.
Well written my friend, glad to join you on this journey!
This is my girl. I am proud of you. Keep writing.
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How is death perceived in various schools of Buddhism? Are they all same ? What is death according to Buddhist monk and lay Buddhist? Are there references / materials by monks on death bed about death?
In the ancient Pali scriptures, the word 'death' has two meanings: (i) conventional; & (ii) ultimate. In the language of ultimate truth, 'death' refers to the psychological idea that "I" or a "person" or a "being" ("satta") dies (SN 12.2).
The Buddha taught a 'self', 'person' or 'being' ('satta') is only a mental state of craving & attachment (SN 23.2); that in reality, there is no 'being' ('satta') to be found (SN 5.10).
'Death' only happens when there is unenlightened 'self-view'. This is why the Buddha called enlightened selfless nirvana: 'The Deathless'.
He has been stilled where the currents of construing do not flow. And when the currents of construing do not flow, he is said to be a sage at peace.' Thus was it said. With reference to what was it said? 'I am' is a construing. 'I am this' is a construing. 'I shall be' is a construing. 'I shall not be'is a construing. Construing is a disease, construing is a cancer, construing is an arrow. By going beyond all construing, he is said to be a sage at peace.
In enlightenment, all that occurs at what is conventionally regarded as 'death' is the five aggregates come to an end, that is all.
Form is impermanent... Feeling... Perception... Fabrications... Consciousness is impermanent. That which is impermanent is unsatisfactory. That which is unsatisfactory has ceased and gone to its end.
Very good, my friend Yamaka, very good.
My rep not enough for comment, So this is not an good answer because I've no reference for you.
Everything that have soul are the same. Animals, people, human, monk, angel etc.
However, The basic precept for every human to close the hell was 5 percepts because these percept make you not exploit other's and your's life.
But for monk there where 227 percepts, This make lay buddhist and others can worship them.
Monk are so much much bigger chance to go to hell. But also much bigger merit for him if he was good.
Beings wander from life to life.
By knowledge they destine themselves to future lives.
Until enough knowledge is attained.
All life is suffering. The transition to death is an escape from the sufferings we bear when we are in life. This is the teachings which the Buddha made about life and we should not have any attachments to this. There are many precepts which teach about these things and death comes when we have had enough experience.
Are there any references in the Pali canon to the experience of death?
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Edward VIII, later The Duke of Windsor, was born in 1894 and died in 1972. He was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth, and Emperor of India, from 20 January to 11 December 1936. Before his accession to the throne Edward, as Prince of Wales, was associated with a succession of older, married women but remained unmarried.
Only months into his reign, Edward caused a constitutional crisis by proposing marriage to the American socialite Wallis Simpson, who had divorced her first husband and was seeking a divorce from her second. The prime ministers of the United Kingdom and the Dominions opposed the marriage, arguing that the people would never accept a divorced woman with two living ex-husbands as queen. Additionally, such a marriage would have conflicted with Edward's status as head of the Church of England, which opposed the remarriage of divorced people if their former spouses were still alive. Edward, who knew that the government led by British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin would resign if the marriage went ahead, abdicated. He was succeeded by his younger brother Albert, who chose the regnal name George VI. With a reign of 326 days, Edward was one of the shortest-reigning monarchs in British and Commonwealth history. He was never crowned.
After his abdication, he was created Duke of Windsor. He married Wallis Simpson in France on 3 June 1937, after her second divorce became final. Later that year, the couple toured Germany. During the Second World War, he was at first stationed with the British Military Mission to France but, after private accusations that he held Nazi sympathies, moved to the Bahamas after his appointment as Governor. After the war, he was never given another official appointment and spent the remainder of his life in retirement in France.
I used to think that Edward VIII was a numismatic non-entity, notable only for the fantasies, such as the one illustrated here, that were produced after his death, and his scarce pattern threepences. After all, due to his very short reign, no coins bearing his image were ever circulated. However, in recent months I have revised my opinion, and though I consider Edward VIII to have been a rather vain and shallow person, he did have some modernising and democratic instincts, and I now realise that his decisions as king had a profound effect on the coinage of King George VI.
No doubt Sir Robert wrote a similar letter to the representatives of the other Dominions. It is now clear that, in having previously denied the uncrowned effigy to the Dominions, the Royal Mint had deferred to the wishes of George V. Unfortunately, I have never found any record of that king’s precise opinions on this issue.
“As you know, it was King Edward VIII's decision that whereas hitherto the coinage for the Dominions showed crowned effigies of the Sovereign, these should in future show the uncrowned head as at home and that the crowned head should in future be used only on the coinage of India and of the colonies and dependencies of the Crown. This decision was very popular throughout the Dominions and in the main it distinguishes His Majesty's subjects of European from those of non-European origin.
As we now know, that decision was indeed implemented. The great surprise is that the change was initiated by Edward VIII, whom I had always regarded as being of minimal importance in numismatics. After all, due to his very short reign, no coins bearing his image were ever circulated – though a few trials were minted, and plenty of fantasy pieces were afterwards released onto the market. The radically new coin series eventually issued for George VI, with its ship halfpenny, wren farthing and thrift plant threepence (brass and 12-sided), also had its origins in Edward’s desire for more modern designs. Perhaps, then, it is time to reappraise that monarch’s contribution to numismatics.
Nowadays the stated policy of distinguishing Europeans from non-Europeans appears overtly racist. And it was not entirely true: Jersey, as a Crown Dependency, was still required to use the crowned effigy. What would its almost uniformly white inhabitants have thought, in those days, about being lumped in with India and Africa? On the other hand, the Dominions were now, numismatically at least, regarded as equals with Britain, so the policy had both a democratising and an anti-democratic side.
Once Edward became king, he made it clear that he was very keen to modernise the coinage of the United Kingdom. The results were a bit of a mixed bag: the wren on the farthing, the Golden Hind ship on the halfpenny and stylised thrift plant on the threepence were most definitely, for the very conservative Britain of the times, radically modern designs.
Unfortunately, the designs for the sixpence, shilling, florin and half crown remained resolutely heraldic. Looking at them now, it is clear that the designs for the lower denominations and higher denominations belonged to two different conceptual sets. This becomes even clearer when you look at the proposed set that the farthing came from.
However, without Edward’s influence, it is likely that the designs of the British coinage would have been uniformly old-fashioned and heraldic, and the reverse designs for the farthing, halfpenny and penny were retained not just in the reign of George VI, but to the end of the pre-decimal system, under Elizabeth II. Whether George VI would, of his own accord, have shown an interest in modern coin design is something we do not know, but there is nothing in his history that suggests he would have. Moreover, George was more accepting of tradition than his elder brother and never keen to “rock the boat”. So it seems that, because of George VI’s decision to retain these three designs, Edward’s desire to modernise the coinage came partly true in the 1930s.
Some patterns from Edward's reign still exist, so we can get an idea of what his coinage might have looked like. Possibly most famous is his brass threepence, some of which were sent out to vending machine manufacturers as trials. Not all of these were returned, and a handful subsequently turned up in auctions! In the 1990s I read that one had sold for 25 thousand UK pounds sterling!
Edward famously refused to face in the opposite direction to his father on his coins, as tradition demanded, and insisted that his left side looked better in portraits. Was this purely vanity, or perhaps a desire to defy tradition?
In any case, in the reign of George VI the brass threepenny bit proved to be a very popular coin, as the public found the much smaller and thinner silver threepence an inconvenient coin, which was very easily lost. It was last minted in 1970, a year before decimalisation - another example of Edward's lasting influence on the coinage.
As you can see, Edward's pattern threepence came in two varieties.
Pattern crowns, half crowns and pennies also exist. The official uncrowned effigy of Edward was created by Humphrey Paget, who also went on to design the famous uncrowned effigy of George VI.
William McMillan, a Royal Academician, was also asked to prepare a portrait of Edward. It is seen here on a trial uniface half crown. Apparently the king thought it looked rather stern, and he preferred Paget's more flattering effigy.
This is Humphrey Paget's portrait of the king, with a pattern reverse for the half crown by George Kruger-Gray.
The silver and brass threepence coins circulated side by side for some years. Here is a pattern threepence created for Edward. A similar sixpence pattern was created (not illustrated) showing six interlocking rings. The rings on the sixpence remind me of the Olympics logo, and perhaps it is not a coincidence that the Olympic games took place in 1936.
Trials were also made for commemorative coronation coins and medals. Here you see the crowned and uncrowned effigies of Edward.
Though no coin bearing the portrait of Edward VIII was ever officially circulated, in the UK or anywhere else, coins bearing his name were issued, dated 1936, for Fiji, New Guinea, and the currency unions of East Africa and British West Africa.
Fiji issued a penny in his name.
New Guinea also issued a penny in his name.
British West Africa issued a 1/10 penny, a halfpenny, and a penny in Edward's name.
East Africa issued a 5 cents and 10 cents coin in Edward's name.
The Indian states of Jodhpur, Jaipur and Kutch also issued coins in Edward's name, in the local script.
These images show a silver 5 kori of 1936/1992 (Y67). On the obverse (left) you can see, within a circle, a moon above a trident and a katar (dagger), and in Nagari lettering "kori panch/Kuch Bhuj/1992" (denomination, state, mint, date). Around, outside the circle, are the name and titles of the ruler: Maharaja Dhiraj Mirjan Maharao Sri Khengarji Bahadur. The text in the centre of the reverse, in Urdu characters, is "Edward 8 kaisar Hind zarb Bhuj 1936" (Edward VIII, emperor of India, struck at Bhuj 1936). The one and 2-1/2 kori only have a different denomination and size, but are otherwise similar.
This is the name of the king as it appears on the coins.
These images show a copper 3 dokda (singular: dokdo) 1936/1993 (Y63). The image below shows a trident in the centre, above a Nagari text: "tran dokda 1993" (denomination, date). The circular legend reads: "Maharao Sri Khengarji Savai Bahadur". Between the stars below is Kutch. On the upper image is a katar above the date 1936. Below between the stars is "zarb Bhuj" (struck at Bhuj); above is "Edward 8 kaisar Hind" (Edward VIII emperor of India).
More images found by Figleaf: these coins of 1936 are from Jaipur and in the name of Edward VIII.
Edward's portrait did appear on Britain's stamps, in considerable numbers, and they are not expensive to buy. Only four of his stamps were ever issued.
There are also many essays of stamps for Edward that were never issued. Here is just part of one set.
After Edward VIII abdicated, the new king, and especially his wife, Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (better known to us as the late Queen Mother), made it clear that he was not well seen by them, or by the Establishment at large. It is perhaps not surprising, then, that history has taken a dim view of him, given that the powerful reigning Windsor dynasty turned against him. After all, was it really so awful that he gave up the throne for the woman he loved, and stayed with her till the end of his life? Of course, it might also have been considered noble for him to have given up his love in favour of his duty to his country. But after he abdicated, there was another king to take his place - though we know that initially the new king did not feel at ease with his new destiny.
In 1937, as Duke of Windsor, Edward, along with Wallis Simpson, notoriously paid a visit to Hitler. With hindsight we can criticise him for this, but we can also say that, while he may at times have been vain or even foolish in his later life, he was not fundamentally a bad or evil person, and he also had the propaganda of the Windsor dynasty to cope with. But however we may judge him as a person, it is clear now that the decisions he made as king had a profound effect on the coinage of Britain and its Empire, with the result that his numismatic legacy was considerably longer lasting than the ten months of his short reign.
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Online tool for password generator.
learn how to generate and sign in with app passwords for apps and devices that don t accept security codes for two-step verification A password is a word or string of characters used for user authentication to prove identity or access approval to gain access to a resource (example: an access code is a type of password), which is to be kept secret from those not allowed access.
The use of passwords is known to be ancient. Sentries would challenge those wishing to enter an area or approaching it to supply a password or watchword, and would only allow a person or group to pass if they knew the password. In modern times, user names and passwords are commonly used by people during a log in process that controls access to protected computer operating systems, mobile phones, cable TV decoders, automated teller machines (ATMs), etc. A typical computer user has passwords for many purposes: logging into accounts, retrieving e-mail, accessing applications, databases, networks, web sites, and even reading the morning newspaper online.
Despite the name, there is no need for passwords to be actual words; indeed passwords which are not actual words may be harder to guess, a desirable property. Some passwords are formed from multiple words and may more accurately be called a passphrase. The terms passcode and passkey are sometimes used when the secret information is purely numeric, such as the personal identification number (PIN) commonly used for ATM access. Passwords are generally short enough to be easily memorized and typed.
Most organizations specify a password policy that sets requirements for the composition and usage of passwords, typically dictating minimum length, required categories (e.g. upper and lower case, numbers, and special characters), prohibited elements (e.g. own name, date of birth, address, telephone number). Some governments have national authentication frameworks that define requirements for user authentication to government services, including requirements for passwords.
The easier a password is for the owner to remember generally means it will be easier for an attacker to guess. However, passwords which are difficult to remember may also reduce the security of a system because (a) users might need to write down or electronically store the password, (b) users will need frequent password resets and (c) users are more likely to re-use the same password. Similarly, the more stringent requirements for password strength, e.g. "have a mix of uppercase and lowercase letters and digits" or "change it monthly", the greater the degree to which users will subvert the system. Others argue longer passwords provide more security (e.g., entropy) than shorter passwords with a wide variety of characters.
In The Memorability and Security of Passwords, Jeff Yan et al. examine the effect of advice given to users about a good choice of password. They found that passwords based on thinking of a phrase and taking the first letter of each word are just as memorable as naively selected passwords, and just as hard to crack as randomly generated passwords.
Combining two or more unrelated words and altering some of the letters to special characters or numbers is another good method, but a single dictionary word is not. Having a personally designed algorithm for generating obscure passwords is another good method.
However, asking users to remember a password consisting of a "mix of uppercase and lowercase characters" is similar to asking them to remember a sequence of bits: hard to remember, and only a little bit harder to crack (e.g. only 128 times harder to crack for 7-letter passwords, less if the user simply capitalises one of the letters). Asking users to use "both letters and digits" will often lead to easy-to-guess substitutions such as 'E' → '3' and 'I' → '1', substitutions which are well known to attackers. Similarly typing the password one keyboard row higher is a common trick known to attackers.
We'll assume you already know how to build a login+password HTML form which POSTs the values to a script on the server side for authentication. The sections below will deal with patterns for sound practical auth, and how to avoid the most common security pitfalls.
To HTTPS or not to HTTPS?
Unless the connection is already secure (that is, tunneled through HTTPS using SSL/TLS), your login form values will be sent in cleartext, which allows anyone eavesdropping on the line between browser and web server will be able to read logins as they pass through. This type of wiretapping is done routinely by governments, but in general we won't address 'owned' wires other than to say this: If you are protecting anything important, use HTTPS.
In essence, the only practical way to protect against wiretapping / packet sniffing during login is by using HTTPS or another certificate-based encryption scheme (for example, TLS) or a proven & tested challenge-response scheme (for example, the Diffie-Hellman-based SRP). Any other method can be easily circumvented by an eavesdropping attacker.
Of course, if you are willing to get a little bit impractical, you could also employ some form of two-factor authentication scheme (e.g. the Google Authenticator app, a physical 'cold war style' codebook, or an RSA key generator dongle). If applied correctly, this could work even with an unsecured connection, but it's hard to imagine that a dev would be willing to implement two-factor auth but not SSL.
Given the nonzero cost and perceived technical difficulty of setting up an SSL certificate on your website, some developers are tempted to roll their own in-browser hashing or encryption schemes in order to avoid passing cleartext logins over an unsecured wire.
While this is a noble thought, it is essentially useless (and can be a security flaw) unless it is combined with one of the above - that is, either securing the line with strong encryption or using a tried-and-tested challenge-response mechanism (if you don't know what that is, just know that it is one of the most difficult to prove, most difficult to design, and most difficult to implement concepts in digital security).
CAPTCHAs are meant to thwart one specific category of attack: automated dictionary/brute force trial-and-error with no human operator. There is no doubt that this is a real threat, however there are ways of dealing with it seamlessly that don't require a CAPTCHA, specifically properly designed serverside login throttling schemes - we'll discuss those later.
Know that CAPTCHA implementations are not created alike; they often aren't human-solvable, most of them are actually ineffective against bots, all of them are ineffective against cheap third-world labor (according to OWASP, the current sweatshop rate is $12 per 500 tests), and some implementations may be technically illegal in some countries (see OWASP Authentication Cheat Sheet). If you must use a CAPTCHA, use Google's reCAPTCHA, since it is OCR-hard by definition (since it uses already OCR-misclassified book scans) and tries very hard to be user-friendly.
Personally, I tend to find CAPTCHAS annoying, and use them only as a last resort when a user has failed to login a number of times and throttling delays are maxxed out. This will happen rarely enough to be acceptable, and it strengthens the system as a whole.
This may finally be common knowledge after all the highly-publicized hacks and user data leaks we've seen in recent years, but it has to be said: Do not store passwords in cleartext in your database. User databases are routinely hacked, leaked or gleaned through SQL injection, and if you are storing raw, plaintext passwords, that is instant game over for your login security.
So if you can't store the password, how do you check that the login+password combination POSTed from the login form is correct? The answer is hashing using a key derivation function. Whenever a new user is created or a password is changed, you take the password and run it through a KDF, such as bcrypt, scrypt or PBKDF2, turning the cleartext password ("correcthorsebatterystaple") into a long, random-looking string, which is a lot safer to store in your database. To verify a login, you run the same hash function on the entered password, this time passing in the salt and compare the resulting hash string to the value stored in your database. bcrypt and scrypt store the salt with the hash already. Check out this article on sec.stackexchange for more detailed information.
The reason a salt is used is because hashing in itself is not sufficient -- you'll want to add a so-called 'salt' to protect the hash against rainbow tables. A salt effectively prevents two passwords that exactly match from being stored as the same hash value, preventing the whole database being scanned in one run if an attacker is executing a password guessing attack.
A cryptographic hash should not be used for password storage because user selected passwords are not strong enough (i.e. do not usually contain enough entropy) and a password guessing attack could be completed in a relatively short time by an attacker with access to the hashes. This is why a KDF is used - these effectively "stretch the key" meaning that each password guess an attacker makes involves iterating the hashing algorithm multiple times, for example 10,000 times, making the attacker's password guessing 10,000 times slower.
Session data - "You are logged in as Spiderman69"
Once the server has verified the login and password against your user database and found a match, the system needs a way to remember that the browser has been authenticated. This fact should only ever be stored server side in the session data.
If you are unfamiliar with session data, here's how it works: A single randomly-generated string is stored in an expiring cookie and used to reference a collection of data - the session data - which is stored on the server. If you are using an MVC framework, this is undoubtedly handled already.
If at all possible, make sure the session cookie has the secure and HTTP Only flags set when sent to the browser. The httponly flag provides some protection against the cookie being read by a XSS attack. The secure flag ensures that the cookie is only sent back via HTTPS, and therefore protects against network sniffing attacks. The value of the cookie should not be predictable. Where a cookie referencing a non-existent session is presented, its value should be replaced immediately to prevent session fixation.
Persistent Login Cookies ("remember me" functionality) are a danger zone; on the one hand, they are entirely as safe as conventional logins when users understand how to handle them; and on the other hand, they are an enormous security risk in the hands of careless users, who may use them on public computers and forget to log out, and who may not know what browser cookies are or how to delete them.
Personally, I like persistent logins for the web sites I visit on a regular basis, but I know how to handle them safely. If you are positive that your users know the same, you can use persistent logins with a clean conscience. If not - well, then you may subscribe to the philosophy that users who are careless with their login credentials brought it upon themselves if they get hacked. It's not like we go to our user's houses and tear off all those facepalm-inducing Post-It notes with passwords they have lined up on the edge of their monitors, either.
Of course, some systems can't afford to have any accounts hacked; for such systems, there is no way you can justify having persistent logins.
First, take some time to read Paragon Initiative's article on the subject. You'll need to get a bunch of elements right, and the article does a great job of explaining each.
And just to reiterate one of the most common pitfalls, DO NOT STORE THE PERSISTENT LOGIN COOKIE (TOKEN) IN YOUR DATABASE, ONLY A HASH OF IT! The login token is Password Equivalent, so if an attacker got their hands on your database, they could use the tokens to log in to any account, just as if they were cleartext login-password combinations. Therefore, use hashing (according to https://security.stackexchange.com/a/63438/5002 a weak hash will do just fine for this purpose) when storing persistent login tokens.
Don't implement 'secret questions'. The 'secret questions' feature is a security anti-pattern. Read the paper from link number 4 from the MUST-READ list. You can ask Sarah Palin about that one, after her Yahoo! email account got hacked during a previous presidential campaign because the answer to her security question was... "Wasilla High School"!
In conclusion, security questions are inherently insecure in virtually all their forms and variations, and should not be employed in an authentication scheme for any reason.
The true reason why security questions even exist in the wild is that they conveniently save the cost of a few support calls from users who can't access their email to get to a reactivation code. This at the expense of security and Sarah Palin's reputation. Worth it? Probably not.
Don't reset a forgotten password to an autogenerated strong password - such passwords are notoriously hard to remember, which means the user must either change it or write it down - say, on a bright yellow Post-It on the edge of their monitor. Instead of setting a new password, just let users pick a new one right away - which is what they want to do anyway.
Always hash the lost password code/token in the database. AGAIN, this code is another example of a Password Equivalent, so it MUST be hashed in case an attacker got their hands on your database. When a lost password code is requested, send the plaintext code to the user's email address, then hash it, save the hash in your database -- and throw away the original. Just like a password or a persistent login token.
A final note: always make sure your interface for entering the 'lost password code' is at least as secure as your login form itself, or an attacker will simply use this to gain access instead. Making sure you generate very long 'lost password codes' (for example, 16 case sensitive alphanumeric characters) is a good start, but consider adding the same throttling scheme that you do for the login form itself.
Okay, so maybe the list isn't the canonical list of most common passwords on any system anywhere ever, but it's a good indication of how poorly people will choose their passwords when there is no enforced policy in place. Plus, the list looks frighteningly close to home when you compare it to publicly available analyses of recently stolen passwords.
So: With no minimum password strength requirements, 2% of users use one of the top 20 most common passwords. Meaning: if an attacker gets just 20 attempts, 1 in 50 accounts on your website will be crackable.
Thwarting this requires calculating the entropy of a password and then applying a threshold. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Special Publication 800-63 has a set of very good suggestions. That, when combined with a dictionary and keyboard layout analysis (for example, 'qwertyuiop' is a bad password), can reject 99% of all poorly selected passwords at a level of 18 bits of entropy. Simply calculating password strength and showing a visual strength meter to a user is good, but insufficient. Unless it is enforced, a lot of users will most likely ignore it.
And for a refreshing take on user-friendliness of high-entropy passwords, Randall Munroe's Password Strength xkcd is highly recommended.
It would, however, take an inordinate amount of time to crack even a 6-character password, if you were limited to one attempt per second!
So what can we learn from these numbers? Well, lots, but we can focus on the most important part: the fact that preventing large numbers of rapid-fire successive login attempts (ie. the brute forceattack) really isn't that difficult. But preventing it right isn't as easy as it seems.
And finally, login throttling: that is, setting a time delay between attempts after N failed attempts (yes, DoS attacks are still possible, but at least they are far less likely and a lot more complicated to pull off).
DoS attacking this scheme would be very impractical, since the resulting lockout time is slightly larger than the sum of the previous lockout times.
To clarify: The delay is not a delay before returning the response to the browser. It is more like a timeout or refractory period during which login attempts to a specific account or from a specific IP address will not be accepted or evaluated at all. That is, correct credentials will not return in a successful login, and incorrect credentials will not trigger a delay increase.
DoS attacking this scheme would be quite impractical, but certainly doable. Also, it might be relevant to note that such a long delay can be very annoying for a legitimate user. Forgetful users will dislike you.
This final scheme was taken from the OWASP best-practices suggestions (link 1 from the MUST-READ list), and should be considered best practice, even if it is admittedly on the restrictive side.
As a rule of thumb however, I would say: the stronger your password policy is, the less you have to bug users with delays. If you require strong (case-sensitive alphanumerics + required numbers and symbols) 9+ character passwords, you could give the users 2-4 non-delayed password attempts before activating the throttling.
DoS attacking this final login throttling scheme would be very impractical. And as a final touch, always allow persistent (cookie) logins (and/or a CAPTCHA-verified login form) to pass through, so legitimate users won't even be delayed while the attack is in progress. That way, the very impractical DoS attack becomes an extremely impractical attack.
Here, the best practice would be logging the number of failed logins, system-wide, and using a running average of your site's bad-login frequency as the basis for an upper limit that you then impose on all users.
Say your site has had an average of 120 bad logins per day over the past 3 months. Using that (running average), your system might set the global limit to 3 times that -- ie. 360 failed attempts over a 24 hour period. Then, if the total number of failed attempts across all accounts exceeds that number within one day (or even better, monitor the rate of acceleration and trigger on a calculated threshold), it activates system-wide login throttling - meaning short delays for ALL users (still, with the exception of cookie logins and/or backup CAPTCHA logins).
Credentials can be compromised, whether by exploits, passwords being written down and lost, laptops with keys being stolen, or users entering logins into phishing sites. Logins can be further protected with two-factor authentication, which use out-of-band factors such as single-use codes received from a phone call, SMS message, app, or dongle. Several providers offer two-factor authentication services.
Authentication can be completely delegated to a single-sign-on service, where another provider handles collecting credentials. This pushes the problem to a trusted third party. Google and Twitter both provide standards-based SSO services, while Facebook provides a similar proprietary solution.
Strings are immutable. That means once you've created the String, if another process can dump memory, there's no way (aside from reflection) you can get rid of the data before garbage collection kicks in.
With an array, you can explicitly wipe the data after you're done with it. You can overwrite the array with anything you like, and the password won't be present anywhere in the system, even before garbage collection.
So yes, this is a security concern - but even using char only reduces the window of opportunity for an attacker, and it's only for this specific type of attack.
As noted in comments, it's possible that arrays being moved by the garbage collector will leave stray copies of the data in memory. I believe this is implementation-specific - the garbage collector may clear all memory as it goes, to avoid this sort of thing. Even if it does, there's still the time during which the char contains the actual characters as an attack window.
Is there a way to skip password typing when using https:// on GitHub?
git config --global credential.helper "cache --timeout=3600"
(That example was suggested in the GitHub help page for Linux.) You can also store your credentials permanently if so desired, see the other answers below.
For Windows, there is a helper called Git Credential Manager for Windows or wincred in msysgit.
For Linux, you can use gnome-keyring(or other keyring implementation such as KWallet).
... in other words with :password after the username and before the @.
Make sure that you use https and you should be aware that if you do this, your GitHub password will be stored in plaintext in your .git directory, which is obviously undesirable.
How should I ethically approach user password storage for later plaintext retrieval?
How about taking another approach or angle at this problem? Ask why the password is required to be in plaintext: if it's so that the user can retrieve the password, then strictly speaking you don't really need to retrieve the password they set (they don't remember what it is anyway), you need to be able to give them a password they can use.
Think about it: if the user needs to retrieve the password, it's because they've forgotten it. In which case a new password is just as good as the old one. But, one of the drawbacks of common password reset mechanisms used today is that the generated passwords produced in a reset operation are generally a bunch of random characters, so they're difficult for the user to simply type in correctly unless they copy-n-paste. That can be a problem for less savvy computer users.
One way around that problem is to provide auto-generated passwords that are more or less natural language text. While natural language strings might not have the entropy that a string of random characters of the same length has, there's nothing that says your auto-generated password needs to have only 8 (or 10 or 12) characters. Get a high-entropy auto-generated passphrase by stringing together several random words (leave a space between them, so they're still recognizable and typeable by anyone who can read). Six random words of varying length are probably easier to type correctly and with confidence than 10 random characters, and they can have a higher entropy as well. For example, the entropy of a 10 character password drawn randomly from uppercase, lowercase, digits and 10 punctuation symbols (for a total of 72 valid symbols) would have an entropy of 61.7 bits. Using a dictionary of 7776 words (as Diceware uses) which could be randomly selected for a six word passphrase, the passphrase would have an entropy of 77.4 bits. See the Diceware FAQ for more info.
a passphrase with about 77 bits of entropy: "admit prose flare table acute flair"
a password with about 74 bits of entropy: "K:&$R^tt~qkD"
I know I'd prefer typing the phrase, and with copy-n-paste, the phrase is no less easy to use that the password either, so no loss there. Of course if your website (or whatever the protected asset is) doesn't need 77 bits of entropy for an auto-generated passphrase, generate fewer words (which I'm sure your users would appreciate).
I understand the arguments that there are password protected assets that really don't have a high level of value, so the breach of a password might not be the end of the world. For example, I probably wouldn't care if 80% of the passwords I use on various websites was breached: all that could happen is a someone spamming or posting under my name for a while. That wouldn't be great, but it's not like they'd be breaking into my bank account. However, given the fact that many people use the same password for their web forum sites as they do for their bank accounts (and probably national security databases), I think it would be best to handle even those 'low-value' passwords as non-recoverable.
Addition (see VonC's 2nd comment): on Windows the file name is %HOME%\_netrc.
Also read VonC's first comment in case you want to encrypt.
Another addition (see user137717's comment) which you can use if you have git 1.7.10 or newer.
If you're cloning GitHub repositories using HTTPS, you can use a credential helper to tell Git to remember your GitHub username and password every time it talks to GitHub.
DISCLAIMER: This answer was written in 2008.
Since then, PHP has given us password_hash and password_verify and, since their introduction, they are the recommended password hashing & checking method.
The theory of the answer is still a good read though.
Don't limit what characters users can enter for passwords. Only idiots do this.
Don't limit the length of a password. If your users want a sentence with supercalifragilisticexpialidocious in it, don't prevent them from using it.
Never store your user's password in plain-text.
Never email a password to your user except when they have lost theirs, and you sent a temporary one.
Never, ever log passwords in any manner.
Never hash passwords with SHA1 or MD5 or even SHA256! Modern crackers can exceed 60 and 180 billion hashes/second (respectively).
Use scrypt when you can; bcrypt if you cannot.
Use PBKDF2 if you cannot use either bcrypt or scrypt, with SHA2 hashes.
Reset everyone's passwords when the database is compromised.
The objective behind hashing passwords is simple: preventing malicious access to user accounts by compromising the database. So the goal of password hashing is to deter a hacker or cracker by costing them too much time or money to calculate the plain-text passwords. And time/cost are the best deterrents in your arsenal.
Another reason that you want a good, robust hash on a user accounts is to give you enough time to change all the passwords in the system. If your database is compromised you will need enough time to at least lock the system down, if not change every password in the database.
Interestingly, in living out this nightmare, I learned A LOT I didn’t know about password cracking, storage, and complexity. I’ve come to appreciate why password storage is ever so much more important than password complexity. If you don’t know how your password is stored, then all you really can depend upon is complexity. This might be common knowledge to password and crypto pros, but for the average InfoSec or Web Security expert, I highly doubt it.
What makes a good password anyway?
In short, entropy is how much variation is within the password. When a password is only lowercase roman letters, that's only 26 characters. That isn't much variation. Alpha-numeric passwords are better, with 36 characters. But allowing upper and lower case, with symbols, is roughly 96 characters. That's a lot better than just letters. One problem is, to make our passwords memorable we insert patterns—which reduces entropy. Oops!
Password entropy is approximated easily. Using the full range of ascii characters (roughly 96 typeable characters) yields an entropy of 6.6 per character, which at 8 characters for a password is still too low (52.679 bits of entropy) for future security. But the good news is: longer passwords, and passwords with unicode characters, really increase the entropy of a password and make it harder to crack.
There's a longer discussion of password entropy on the Crypto StackExchange site. A good Google search will also turn up a lot of results.
In the comments I talked with @popnoodles, who pointed out that enforcing a password policy of X length with X many letters, numbers, symbols, etc, can actually reduce entropy by making the password scheme more predictable. I do agree. Randomess, as truly random as possible, is always the safest but least memorable solution.
So far as I've been able to tell, making the world's best password is a Catch-22. Either its not memorable, too predictable, too short, too many unicode characters (hard to type on a Windows/Mobile device), too long, etc. No password is truly good enough for our purposes, so we must protect them as though they were in Fort Knox.
Bcrypt and scrypt are the current best practices. Scrypt will be better than bcrypt in time, but it hasn't seen adoption as a standard by Linux/Unix or by webservers, and hasn't had in-depth reviews of its algorithm posted yet. But still, the future of the algorithm does look promising. If you are working with Ruby there is an scrypt gem that will help you out, and Node.js now has its own scrypt package. You can use Scrypt in PHP either via the Scrypt extension or the Libsodiumextension (both are available in PECL).
I highly suggest reading the documentation for the crypt function if you want to understand how to use bcrypt, or finding yourself a good wrapper or use something like PHPASS for a more legacy implementation. I recommend a minimum of 12 rounds of bcrypt, if not 15 to 18.
I changed my mind about using bcrypt when I learned that bcrypt only uses blowfish's key schedule, with a variable cost mechanism. The latter lets you increase the cost to brute-force a password by increasing blowfish's already expensive key schedule.
I almost can't imagine this situation anymore. PHPASS supports PHP 3.0.18 through 5.3, so it is usable on almost every installation imaginable—and should be used if you don't know for certainthat your environment supports bcrypt.
But suppose that you cannot use bcrypt or PHPASS at all. What then?
Try an implementation of PDKBF2 with the maximum number of rounds that your environment/application/user-perception can tolerate. The lowest number I'd recommend is 2500 rounds. Also, make sure to use hash_hmac() if it is available to make the operation harder to reproduce.
Coming in PHP 5.5 is a full password protection library that abstracts away any pains of working with bcrypt. While most of us are stuck with PHP 5.2 and 5.3 in most common environments, especially shared hosts, @ircmaxell has built a compatibility layer for the coming API that is backward compatible to PHP 5.3.7.
The computational power required to actually crack a hashed password doesn't exist. The only way for computers to "crack" a password is to recreate it and simulate the hashing algorithm used to secure it. The speed of the hash is linearly related to its ability to be brute-forced. Worse still, most hash algorithms can be easily parallelized to perform even faster. This is why costly schemes like bcrypt and scrypt are so important.
You cannot possibly foresee all threats or avenues of attack, and so you must make your best effort to protect your users up front. If you do not, then you might even miss the fact that you were attacked until it's too late... and you're liable. To avoid that situation, act paranoid to begin with. Attack your own software (internally) and attempt to steal user credentials, or modify other user's accounts or access their data. If you don't test the security of your system, then you cannot blame anyone but yourself.
Lastly: I am not a cryptographer. Whatever I've said is my opinion, but I happen to think it's based on good ol' common sense ... and lots of reading. Remember, be as paranoid as possible, make things as hard to intrude as possible, and then, if you are still worried, contact a white-hat hacker or cryptographer to see what they say about your code/system.
The new online CSS cleaner website allows you to organize style for websites.
-> If you already understand the problem, skip to the possible solutions below.
The A in Ajax stands for asynchronous. That means sending the request (or rather receiving the response) is taken out of the normal execution flow. In your example, $.ajax returns immediately and the next statement, return result;, is executed before the function you passed as successcallback was even called.
Imagine you make a phone call to a friend and ask him to look something up for you. Although it might take a while, you wait on the phone and stare into space, until your friend gives you the answer you needed.
Even though findItem might take a long time to execute, any code coming after var item = findItem(); has to wait until the function returns the result.
You call your friend again for the same reason. But this time you tell him that you are in a hurry and he should call you back on your mobile phone. You hang up, leave the house and do whatever you planned to do. Once your friend calls you back, you are dealing with the information he gave to you.
That's exactly what's happening when you do an Ajax request.
Instead of waiting for the response, the execution continues immediately and the statement after the Ajax call is executed. To get the response eventually, you provide a function to be called once the response was received, a callback (notice something? call back ?). Any statement coming after that call is executed before the callback is called.
Why is it bad do you ask?
All of this is really bad user experience. The user won't be able to tell whether everything is working fine or not. Furthermore the effect will be worse for users with a slow connection.
All three are available in current browsers, and node 7+.
The new ECMAScript version released in 2017 introduced syntax level support for asynchronous functions. With the help of async and await, you can write asynchronous in a "synchronous style". Make no mistake though: The code is still asynchronous, but it's easier to read/understand.
async/await builds on top of promises: an async function always returns a promise. await"unwraps" a promise and either results in the value the promise was resolved with or throws an error if the promise was rejected.
Important: You can only use await inside an async function. That means that at the very top level, you still have to work directly with the promise.
You can read more about async and await on MDN.
Newer browser and node versions support async/await. You can also support older environments by transforming your code to ES5 with the help of regenerator (or tools that use regenerator, such as Babel).
A callback is simply a function passed to another function. That other function can call the function passed whenever it is ready. In the context of asynchronous process, the callback will be called whenever the asynchronous process is done. Usually the result is passed to the callback.
callback will refer to the function we pass to foo when we call it and we simply pass it on to success. I.e. once the Ajax request is successful, $.ajax will call callback and pass the response to the callback (which can be referred to with result, since this is how we defined the callback).
Difficulties could arise when you have to work with third party code, but most problems can be solved by just thinking through the application flow.
The Promise API is a new feature of ECMAScript 6 (ES2015), but it has good browser supportalready. There are also many libraries which implement the standard Promises API and provide additional methods to ease the use and composition of asynchronous functions (e.g. bluebird).
Promises are containers for future values. When the promise receives the value (it is resolved) or when it is cancelled (rejected), it notifies all of its "listeners" who want to access this value.
The advantage over plain callbacks is that they allow you do decouple your code and they are easier to compose.
Describing all the advantages that promises offer is beyond the scope of this answer, but if you write new code, you should seriously consider them. They provide a great abstraction and separation of your code.
Deferred objects are jQuery's custom implementation of promises (before the Promise API was standardized). They behave almost like promises, but expose a slightly different API.
This code misunderstands the above asynchrony issues. Specifically, $.ajax() doesn't freeze the code while it checks the '/password' page on your server - it sends a request to the server and while it waits, immediately returns a jQuery Ajax Deferred object, not the response from the server. That means the if statement is going to always get this Deferred object, treat it as true, and proceed as though the user is logged in. Not good.
If you directly use a XMLHTTPRequest object, pass false as third argument to .open.
If you use any other jQuery Ajax method, such as $.get, $.getJSON, etc., you have to change it to $.ajax (since you can only pass configuration parameters to $.ajax).
Heads up! It is not possible to make a synchronous JSONP request. JSONP by its very nature is always asynchronous (one more reason to not even consider this option).
The password manager always prompts if it wants to save a password. Passwords are not saved without permission from the user.
We are the third browser to implement this change, after IE and Chrome.
According to Mozilla developer documentation the form element attribute autocomplete prevents form data from being cached in older browsers.
I think you may have the wrong git repo url.
You can now validate with just the SSH Key instead of the username and password.
How do you use bcrypt for hashing passwords in PHP?
bcrypt is a hashing algorithm which is scalable with hardware (via a configurable number of rounds). Its slowness and multiple rounds ensures that an attacker must deploy massive funds and hardware to be able to crack your passwords. Add to that per-password salts (bcrypt REQUIRES salts) and you can be sure that an attack is virtually unfeasible without either ludicrous amount of funds or hardware.
// See the password_hash() example to see where this came from.
There is a compatibility library on GitHub created based on the source code of the above functions originally written in C, which provides the same functionality. Once the compatibility library is installed, usage is the same as above (minus the shorthand array notation if you are still on the 5.3.x branch).
You can use crypt() function to generate bcrypt hashes of input strings. This class can automatically generate salts and verify existing hashes against an input. If you are using a version of PHP higher or equal to 5.3.7, it is highly recommended you use the built-in function or the compat library. This alternative is provided only for historical purposes.
Alternatively, you may also use the Portable PHP Hashing Framework.
Validate a username and password against Active Directory?
As outlined in this other SO question (and its answers), there is an issue with this call possibly returning True for old passwords of a user. Just be aware of this behavior and don't be too surprised if this happens :-) (thanks to @MikeGledhill for pointing this out!).
I'm not sure if it'll work in all browsers but you should try setting autocomplete="off" on the form.
The easiest and simplest way to disable Form and Password storage prompts and prevent form data from being cached in session history is to use the autocomplete form element attribute with value "off".
You are correct that storing the password in a plain-text field is a horrible idea. However, as far as location goes, for most of the cases you're going to encounter (and I honestly can't think of any counter-examples) storing the representation of a password in the database is the proper thing to do. By representation I mean that you want to hash the password using a salt (which should be different for every user) and a secure 1-way algorithm and store that, throwing away the original password. Then, when you want to verify a password, you hash the value (using the same hashing algorithm and salt) and compare it to the hashed value in the database.
Salting Your Password: Best Practices?
Is it ever ok to store password in plain text in a php variable or php constant?
To clarify a bit further on the salting bit, the danger with simply hashing a password and storing that is that if a trespasser gets a hold of your database, they can still use what are known as rainbow tables to be able to "decrypt" the password (at least those that show up in the rainbow table). To get around this, developers add a salt to passwords which, when properly done, makes rainbow attacks simply infeasible to do. Do note that a common misconception is to simply add the same unique and long string to all passwords; while this is not horrible, it is best to add unique salts to every password. Read this for more.
How to provide username and password when run “git clone git@remote.git”?
You need to start mongod with the --auth option after setting up the user.
Run the database (mongod process) with the --auth option to enable security. You must either have added a user to the admin db before starting the server with --auth, or add the first user from the localhost interface.
Web content composed with the free instant HTML code editor.
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What does web Development Company mean?
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This entry was posted in Development, web design and tagged Web Development Company by DWBM. Bookmark the permalink.
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An act to amend and supplement the Federal Aid Road Act approved July 11, 1916, to authorize appropriations for continuing the construction of highways; to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 to provide additional revenue from taxes on motor fuel, tires, and trucks and buses; and for other purposes.
The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, popularly known as the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act (Public Law 84-627), was enacted on June 29, 1956, when President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the bill into law. With an original authorization of US$25 billion for the construction of 41,000 miles (66,000 km) of the Interstate Highway System supposedly over a 10-year period, it was the largest public works project in American history through that time.
The addition of the term "defense" in the act's title was for two reasons: First, some of the original cost was diverted from defense funds. Secondly, most U.S. Air Force bases have a direct link to the system. The purpose was to provide access in order to defend them during an attack. All of these links were in the original plans, although some, such as Wright Patterson were not connected up in the 1950s, but only somewhat later.
U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Eisenhower's support of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 can be directly attributed to his experiences in 1919 as a participant in the U.S. Army's first Transcontinental Motor Convoy across the United States on the historic Lincoln Highway, which was the first road across America. The highly publicized 1919 convoy was intended, in part, to dramatize the need for better main highways and continued federal aid. The convoy left the Ellipse south of the White House in Washington, D.C., on July 7, 1919, and headed for Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. From there, it followed the Lincoln Highway to San Francisco. Bridges cracked and were rebuilt, vehicles became stuck in mud and equipment broke, but the convoy was greeted warmly by communities across the country. The convoy reached San Francisco on September 6, 1919.
The convoy was memorable enough for a young Army officer, 28-year-old Lieutenant Colonel Dwight David Eisenhower, to include a chapter about the trip, titled "Through Darkest America With Truck and Tank," in his book At Ease: Stories I Tell to Friends (Doubleday and Company, Inc., 1967). "The trip had been difficult, tiring and fun," he said. That experience on the Lincoln Highway, plus his observations of the German autobahn network during World War II, convinced him to support construction of the Interstate System when he became president. "The old convoy had started me thinking about good, two-lane highways, but Germany had made me see the wisdom of broader ribbons across the land." His "Grand Plan" for highways, announced in 1954, led to the 1956 legislative breakthrough that created the Highway Trust Fund to accelerate construction of the Interstate System.
Eisenhower advocated for the highways for the purpose of national defense. In the event of a ground invasion by a foreign power, the U.S. Army would need good highways to be able to transport troops across the country efficiently. Following completion of the highways the cross-country journey that took the convoy two months in 1919 was cut down to five days.
Many limited-access toll highways that had been built prior to the Interstate Highway Act were incorporated into the Interstate system (for example, the Ohio Turnpike carries portions of Interstate 76, I-80 and I-90). For major turnpikes in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kansas, Oklahoma, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine and West Virginia, tolls continue to be collected, even though the turnpikes have long since been paid for. The money collected is used for highway maintenance, turnpike improvement projects and states' general funds. (That is not the case in Massachusetts, where the state constitution requires the money be used for transportation.) In addition, there are several major toll bridges and toll tunnels included in the interstate highways, including four bridges in the San Francisco Bay Area, ones linking Delaware with New Jersey, New Jersey with New York, New Jersey with Pennsylvania, the Upper and Lower Peninsulas of Michigan and, in the near future, Kentucky with Indiana. Tolls collected on Interstate Highways remain on I-95, I-94, I-90, I-88, I-87, I-80, I-77, I-76, I-64, I-44, I-294, I-355 and several others.
Toll turnpikes in the following states have been declared paid off, and those highways have become standard freeways with the removal of toll barriers: Connecticut (I-95), Kentucky (part of I-65), Maryland (part of I-95), Texas (part of I-30), Virginia (the part of I-95 between Richmond and Petersburg).
↑ Weingroff, Richard F. (Summer 1996). "Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, Creating the Interstate System". Public Roads. Federal Highway Administration. 60 (1). Retrieved August 25, 2015.
↑ Federal Highway Administration (September 15, 1999). "Financing Federal-Aid Highways". Federal Highway Administration. FHWA-PL-99-015. Retrieved September 10, 2008.
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The Buccaneers–Dolphins rivalry is between the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Miami Dolphins of the National Football League. It is an in-state, interconference, matchup between the two oldest NFL teams in the state of Florida. It has been active in most years since the Buccaneers joined the league as an expansion team in 1976. The rivalry is primarily confined to the preseason, as the teams have been in different conferences since 1977 and do not play one another during the regular season every year.
The Dolphins are part of the AFC East. The Buccaneers are currently part of the NFC South. According to the current NFL scheduling format, the two teams play each other every four years during the regular season, rotating the host site each meeting. In addition, the two clubs play each other during the preseason every year, with the site rotating on a mostly regular basis.
The ten regular season meetings have been characterized in most cases as relatively low-scoring affairs, and oftentimes close. Eight of the ten have been decided by ten or fewer points, while six have been decided by a field goal.
Tampa Bay joined the NFL as an expansion team in 1976, and immediately team officials were anxious to establish an in-state rivalry with the Miami Dolphins. The two-time Super Bowl winning Dolphins were the more popular and established team of the state, however, fans in the Tampa/St. Pete area were enthusiastic about finally having their own team to cheer for. In Tampa Bay's expansion season, they hosted the Dolphins at Tampa Stadium for a preseason game, in front of a record crowd of 67,466. The Dolphins won 28-21. The two teams met again during the regular season two months later, also in Tampa. The Dolphins again prevailed by a score of 23-20, on a 29-yard field goal by Garo Yepremian with 55 seconds left in regulation.
Though they would play only once every three years during the regular season (due to being in different conferences starting in 1977), the two teams agreed to continue an annual preseason matchup. The two teams played each other for four years (1976–1979). Though the game was considered a "meaningless" exhibition game, the young Bucs team were noted for aggressive play, and for "taking the game seriously." With the Buccaneers known at the time for being a poor team ("0-26") of rag-tag rookies, unwanted veterans, and various free agents, the squad often wanted to showcase themselves in the game and show the league they had ability. The intense play hit a climax in 1978, which saw Dolphins starting quarterback Bob Griese go down with a knee injury. He would be sidelined until October, and the incident drew the ire of Dolphins owner Joe Robbie, who decided to put a stop to the preseason series between the two teams.
Of the five meetings in the 1970s (four of which were preseason), Miami won all five games.
With an ongoing squabble between the respective owners Joe Robbie and Hugh Culverhouse, the teams only met twice in the entire decade of the 1980s during the preseason. Their first matchup of the decade was a regular season meeting during the 1982 strike-shortened season, on Monday Night Football. Miami entered the game 3-0, while the Buccaneers were 0-3. The Bucs jumped out to a 16-3 lead, and intercepted Miami five times, en route to a 23-17 victory. It was Tampa Bay's first ever win over Miami. The result reflected upon the perceived "Tampa Bay Curse", as Miami would go to lose Super Bowl XVII.
In the 1981 season, the respective coaching staffs of Miami and Tampa Bay faced each other in the Pro Bowl at Aloha Stadium. The AFC, led by Miami's head coach Don Shula defeated John McKay's NFC squad by the score of 16–13.
The highest scoring regular season game between the two teams came in 1985. Miami's Dan Marino passed for 302 yards and three touchdown, while Steve DeBerg threw four touchdowns to Jimmie Giles. Miami won 41-38 on a field goal by Fuad Reveiz with six seconds left.
With the Buccaneers mostly uncompetitive during the 1980s, and the infrequent meetings between the two clubs, the rivalry de-intensified during the decade.
Starting in 1991, the two teams revived their preseason rivalry on a permanent basis. With Wayne Huizenga assuming control of the Dolphins, and Malcolm Glazer later purchasing the Buccaneers, both teams had new ownership and new direction. The two franchises wholeheartedly agreed upon an annual preseason series. The close proximity between the clubs made the decision one of convenience for both the players and fans. Along with the expansion Jacksonville Jaguars, who started play in 1995, the three Florida teams started a fairly regular three-way intrastate preseason rivalry series.
Miami and Tampa Bay did not play during the preseason in 1993 or 1999. The 1995 game was played at a neutral site, the Florida Citrus Bowl in Orlando, with the Bucs serving as the home team.
The two teams played twice during the preseason in 1996. On August 3, 1996, Jimmy Johnson made his debut on the sidelines as coach of the Dolphins, while Tony Dungy coached his first game for Tampa Bay. The Dolphins won the first meeting at Joe Robbie Stadium by a score of 13-10. Three weeks later, the Dolphins swept the two-game series with a 19-7 victory.
In 1997, the two teams played each other for the final time in aging Houlihan's Stadium. The home team Buccaneers prevailed with a score of 24-10 in the preseason, and 31-21 a month later in the regular season.
Tampa Bay and Miami have played every preseason in the 21st century, even during years in which they have been scheduled to play during the regular season.
In 2000, the two teams faced each other in a regular season matchup in mid-December. In a driving rain, with sloppy conditions, Buccaneers kicker Martin Gramatica kicked a 46-yard go-ahead field goal which proved to be the winning margin.
On Monday night, August 13, 2001, the two teams played each other for the first time at Raymond James Stadium, in a preseason opener. Dolphins quarterback Mike Quinn threw a 46-yard "Hail Mary" to Robert Baker as time expired to win by a score of 17-13.
During the preseason opener on Monday night August 12, 2002, the two teams met again at Raymond James Stadium. It served as Jon Gruden's first coached game for the Buccaneers. Frank Murphy took the opening kickoff 95 yards for a touchdown. It was the Buccaneers' fifth kickoff return touchdown in a preseason game, however, at the time, the team had still never returned a kickoff for a touchdown in the regular season (and would do so not until 2007). Tampa Bay would go on to win 14-10.
In 2005, the two teams met in a regular season matchup, a game that drew some controversy in the secondary market of Orlando, Florida. The Buccaneers entered the game in first place with a record of 4-1. The Dolphins were 2-2, and were lauding the anticipated return of Ricky Williams after a year of retirement and a four-game suspension. Due to the complex rules of the NFL television contracts, the Orlando area, well known for having large Dolphins and Buccaneers fanbases, but designated a Jaguars secondary market, was required to instead air a Jacksonville away game during the timeslot. CBS affiliate WKMG lobbied the NFL to reverse the decision and allow the Bucs-Dolphins game to air in Orlando. After several weeks of passionate pleading, the request was denied. Station general manager Henry Maldonado recorded a message for fans that aired just before the broadcast, apologizing for his inability to remedy the situation. In the game, the Buccaneers rolled 27-13, and Williams was not a factor.
The most recent regular season meeting took place on Monday Night Football in 2013. Going into the game, considerable media attention focused on the Richie Incognito/Jonathan Martin bullying scandal. In addition, Buccaneers head coach Greg Schiano was considered on the "hot seat" due to a poor 0-8 record. Tampa Bay jumped out to a 15-0 lead, and held on for a 22-19 victory, their first win of the 2013 season. The Buccaneers defense held Miami to only 2 yards rushing, an all-time record low for the Tampa Bay defense, as well as a franchise record low in terms of productivity for the Dolphins' offense.
The annual preseason meeting was not held in 2016, the first time that has happened since 1999. Both clubs were in the middle of offseason stadium renovations. Tampa Bay played their first two preseason games on the road, and Miami also played their first two preseason games on the road (and the third in a neutral site), preventing the two clubs from logistically being able to meet for a matchup.
Per the NFL scheduling rotation, the teams will play at Miami in 2017.
1 2 Guest, Larry (1991-12-02). "No-doz Should Sponsor Bucs-dolphins 'Rivalry'". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 2012-11-09.
↑ Lassila, Alan (1976-08-20). "Bucs-Dolphins Rivalry Begins Saturday". Sarasota Journal. Retrieved 2012-11-08.
↑ Hornack, Ken (1979-08-11). "Bucs-Dolphins series something special". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2012-11-08.
1 2 3 4 Hornack, Ken (1988-10-28). "Bucs vs. Dolphins: State of the Rivalry". The Daytona Beach News-Journal. Retrieved 2012-11-08.
1 2 Barnes, Craig (1986-08-28). "Buccaneers-dolphins Rivalry Has Been A Real Hit". Sun Sentinel. Retrieved 2012-11-09.
1 2 "Dolphins, Bucs resume preseason rivalry". Daytona Beach The news Journal. 1991-08-10. Retrieved 2012-11-09.
↑ "Bucs, Dolphins renew rivalry". Lewiston Morning Tribune. 1982-11-29. Retrieved 2012-11-09.
↑ "1982 Pro Bowl game book" (PDF). NFL Game Statistics & Information. National Football League. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 30, 2012. Retrieved January 30, 2012.
↑ Fernandes, Doug (1991-08-10). "Bucs, Dolphins continue rivalry". Ocala Star-Banner. Retrieved 2012-11-09.
↑ Greene, Jerry (2005-10-08). "Dolphins-Bucs won't air here". The Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 2012-11-09.
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Does Buddhism have anything special to contribute to our understanding of poverty?
Like other religions, Buddhism is sometimes criticized for encouraging a non-materialistic way of life that goes against the grain of our main desires and motivations. If we want to reduce poverty, we are referred instead to the science of economics, which has discovered the laws of economic growth that promote worldly well-being.
In fact, the opposite is more true. Contemporary economics is much more “idealistic” in that economists tend to live in an one-dimensional world of statistics and equations that do not accurately reflect human values and aspirations in the world we actually live in.
In contrast to the calculating individualism that neo-liberal economics presupposes, Buddhism is more down-to-earth in its understanding of the sources of human ill-being and well-being. Its approach is also more similar to the way most pre-modern communities have understood well-being, and “undeveloped” societies today still do. This article considers the implications of Buddhist teachings for their economic development.
Far from ignoring or minimizing poverty, Buddhist teachings are sensitive to it, offering both diagnosis and remedies. The most important thing, however, is that Buddhism challenges our usual understanding of poverty by contextualizing the problem in a different way, which questions the assumptions that still dominate our thinking about “undeveloped” societies.
According to Buddhism poverty is bad because it involves dukkha, best translated as “ill-being” in this context. The goal of the Buddhist path is to end our dukkha, and that does not imply any significant distinction between worldly dukkha and some other spiritual type. So Buddhism does not and cannot value poverty that is a source of dukkha. Poverty means lacking the basic material requirements for leading a decent life free from hunger, exposure and disease. The basic needs of a monastic provide a useful benchmark: food sufficient to alleviate hunger and maintain one’s health, clothing sufficient to be socially decent and to protect the body, shelter sufficient for serious engagement with cultivating the mind, and health care sufficient to cure and prevent disease. People who voluntarily renounce worldly possessions and pleasures in favor of a life of such minimal needs belong to the community of “noble ones” (ariyapuggala).
There is a causal relationship between material poverty and social deterioration, according to the Lion’s Roar Sutra. It tell the story of a monarch who at first relied upon the Buddhist teachings but later began to rule according to his own ideas. He did not give property to the needy, with the result that poverty became widespread. Due to poverty one man took what was not given and was arrested; when the king asked him why, the man said he had nothing to live on. So the king gave him some property, saying that it would be enough to carry on a business and support his family.
Exactly the same thing happened to another man, and when other people heard about this they too decided to steal so they would be treated in a similar way. Then the king realized that if he continued to give property to such men, theft would continue to increase. So he decided to get tough on the next thief: “I had better make an end of him, finish him off once for all, and cut his head off.” And he did.
Hearing about this, people thought: “Now let us get sharp swords made for us, and then we can take from anybody what is not given, we will make an end of them, finish them off once and for all and cut off their heads.” So, having procured some sharp swords, they launched murderous assaults on villages, towns and cities, and went in for highway robbery, killing their victims by cutting off their heads.
According to this myth, poverty is a root cause of theft, violence, falsehood, etc. The Buddhist solution has nothing to do with accepting our (or others’) “poverty karma.” The problem begins when the king does not give property to the needy — in modern terms, when the state neglects its responsibility to maintain a minimum of what we call distributive justice. Social breakdown cannot be separated from broader questions about the benevolence of the social order. The solution to poverty-induced crime is not to punish severely but to enable people to provide for their basic needs.
In other sutras, however, the Buddha teaches that the greatest wealth is contentment (santutthi paramam dhanam). Buddhism draws attention to the fact that the single-minded pursuit of material wealth cannot make human beings happy. According to the second of the four noble truths, the cause of dukkha is tanha “craving.” When human beings gain an intense acquisitive drive for some object, that object becomes a cause of suffering. Such objects are compared to the flame of a torch carried against the wind, or to a burning pit of embers: they involve much anxiety but very little satisfaction. Proliferation of unnecessary wants is the basic cause of unnecessary ill-being. Development projects that seek to end poverty by “developing” a society into an economy focused on consumption are therefore grasping the snake by the wrong end. As Gandhi put it, the earth has enough for everyone’s needs, but not for anyone’s greed.
Is this image of our human nature and its potential too idealistic? In fact, this approach reflects better than economic theory the attitudes of most non-modern societies. According to my favorite definition, by Thich Nhat Hanh, Buddhism is “a clever way to enjoy your life.” Confusing the quality of one’s life with a quantitative “standard of living” is, in contrast, a self-defeating way, because it does not lead to happiness (sukha).
Our own obsession with economic growth seems natural to us because we have forgotten the historicity of the “needs” we now take for granted. That includes a monetary income in Western societies now thoroughly monetarized and commodified, where almost anything can be converted into anything else through a common medium of exchange. Since our needs (or rather our wants) are now taken for granted as defining our common humanity as much as universal human rights do, we are encouraged to forget what for Buddhism is an essential human attribute if we are to be happy: the need for self-limitation.
Any formulation of “needs” is as much a value judgement as a determination of fact. According to Buddhism, the fundamental human problem is not the technological and economic issue of meeting all our material wants — something psychologically as well as ecologically impossible — but the psychological and spiritual task of understanding the nature of our own minds. Without having been seduced by the utopian dream of a technological cornucopia, it would never occur to most “poor” people to become fixated on fantasies about all the things they might have. For them, their ends are an expression of the means available to them. We are often imposing our own value judgements when we insist on seeing them as poor. It is presumptuous to assume that they must be unhappy, and that the only way to become happy is to start on the treadmill of a lifestyle dependent on the market and increasingly preoccupied with consumption.
An alternative example of indigenous, self-governing economic development is the Sarvodaya Shramadana movement, inspired by Buddhist and Gandhian principles, which is active in almost half the villages in Sri Lanka. Originally founded in 1957, it involves helping local communities decide for themselves what they would like to be done, and usually leads to the development of a village council, followed by setting up a local school, clinic, and bank, as well as family programs and economic initiatives. Emphasis is on the development of community: “we build the road and the road builds us.” According to Sarvodaya’s own estimates, over eleven million people have benefited from these programs.
Why do we assume that “income/consumption poverty” is the same as ill-being? That brings us to the heart of the matter. Material well-being has become increasingly important because of our loss of faith in any other possibility of fulfilment — for example, an afterlife in heaven with God, or the secular heaven of socialism, or even (when despairing over the ecological crisis) the future progress of humankind. Increasing our “standard of living” has become so compulsive for us because it serves as a substitute for traditional religious values — or, more precisely, because it has actually become a kind of secular religion for us.
If so, our evangelical efforts to economically “develop” other societies, which cherish their own spiritual values and community traditions, may be viewed as a contemporary form of religious imperialism. Does that make the globalization of capitalism a new kind of mission to convert the heathen?
The moral role of religions is difficult for many economists to accept, since their discipline is a legacy of the eighteenth-century Enlightenment project that contrasted scientific and social progress with the regressive weight of privileged churches. Today, however, we must recognize that the neo-liberal economic understanding of what happiness is, and how that is to be achieved, is only one vision among many. Like every other perspective, it has its advantages and disadvantages, and should not be imposed on others who have their own worldviews and values.
All societies are confronted with the same basic tragedy of life, which in Buddhist terms is suffering, old age, and death. Historically, the main human response to this has been religion, which addresses it in various ways. From a perspective informed by the eighteenth-century Enlightenment, these responses are superstitious and escapist. From a Buddhist perspective, however, economic growth and consumerism are unsatisfactory alternatives because they are evasions, which repress the basic problem of life by distracting us with symbolic substitutes such as money, status, and power. Similar critiques of idolatry are explicit or implicit in all the great religions, and rampant economic globalization makes that message all the more important for our time.
It is important for religious institutions to understand that market emphasis on commodity accumulation and consumption undermines their most important teachings. The corrosive influence of economic globalization and its development institutions on other human values needs to be challenged. Today the mainstream media – our international nervous system – are mostly corporations interested only in the bottom line, and our universities are becoming little more than an advanced form of job training. Do revivified religions remain our best hope that the commodifications of globalization will be challenged?
I agree with the above described diagnosis but I am not sure of the cure: revivifying religions? First of all I thought that Buddhism was not necessarily a religion. Certainly in the West it isn’t taught as such. Do we really need to go back to religion? The “Occupy Walll Street” movement expresses the fact that a good portion of today’s youth has been fed on interconnectedness. To them it isn’t a belief but an experience. They intuitively see the need for cooperation versus competition, and they no longer buy into consumption. They are now demanding for their basic needs which the ‘king’ is no longer giving them. The idea that we are all sharing in our deep nature/essence/creativity/vital energy is not far from the notion of Buddha nature. If religion is understood as a discipline that helps one connect with that essential nature, then in that sense yes we can use some revivifying of religion – but we certainly do not need the kind of authoritarian religion based on a ‘belief’ in some doctrine extrapolated from some old authoritarian text which offers consolation in an after life. In my opinion, an experienced/felt sense of belonging to the greater body of humanity or even universe should be at the base of any new “religion”. Contentment could be found easier in knowing that one is cooperating in the creation of the whole, just like the foot does not mind being stepped on since he knows that that is his function in order for the body to stand erect.
What a thoughtful and perceptive comment. I appreciate the correction and agree completely — including the question whether we should label Buddhism as a ‘religion.’ By no coincidence, that’s a problematical concept in the academic field of ‘religious studies’: no one has developed a definition of ‘religion’ that has found general acceptance.
Nothing causes poverty. What people call poverty is actual how man lived for millenia. It’s the origin, the start point, the ground zero if you will. By asking what causes poverty is to assume that some degree of prosperity is the natural state, which I don’t believe it is.
The correct question ought to be, “what causes prosperity?”.
What causes prosperity? The false belief that money makes one happy. Obviously It does help with bills, materialistic stuff and a nice place to live. But at the end of the day it doesn’t solve the issue of you! Dosent matter how much money you have you cant run away or disguise issues with yourself. There’s also a price to pay with being so self indulgent. Greed is a sin so therefore sooner or later its met with karma to teach our soul..
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Highest honors went to: Katie Acierno, Nicole Altony, Nina Ambrose, Sofia Andronico, Carlos Bello, Luis Bello, Alexander Berube, Sabrina Bezerra, Zoe Birnbaum, LeLa Boermeester, Nolan Bush, Andrew Bushnell, Jocelyn Cote, Isabelle Cote, Eli Croteau, Chloe D'Eon, Eric D'Eon, Robert D'Eon, Claire DeFrancesco, Aidan Dow, Hallie Farmer, Alexis Goodwin, Henry Gordon-Ozaydin, Niamh Guyer, Emma Hakala, Isabella Hess, Allison Hoffman, Fletcher Hohn, Morgan Holmes, Grace Huang, Amelia Jones, Heather Keane, Ava Klein, Thomas Kline, Olivia Kozloski, Brooke Lindsay, Sarah Listzwan, Alexandra Masucci, Daniella Masucci, Emma O'Connor, Grace O'Leary, Amelia Pallotta, Samantha Payson, Madeline Powers, Lucas Prigmore, Hannah Sullivan, Alia Tesini, Emma Toland, Madison Tuck, Elizabeth Wachtel, Charlotte Winiarski and Benjamin Worden.
High honor went to:Christopher Barrett, Theresa Bradlee, Elizabeth Carpenter, Alexandra Darcy, Sean Downey, Adam Giunta, Gavin Klein, Gracie Maher, Moira O'Brien, William O'Shea, Aniket Sarkar, Beckett Storey, Ian Winiarski and Maxwell Zhao.
Honors went to: Owen Andrews, Reagan Boots, James Borsari, Marcus DiBello, Abigail Eastman, Alexandra Gormley, Ashley Green, Quinn Hart, Anna Kalber, Arianna Labertew, trevor Masse, James Murch, Jackson Reed, Grace Roth, Madelyn Sallhofen, Connor Salmon, Julia Schartner and Olivia Zinn.
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High honors went to: Sarah Bell, Christopher Bushnell, William Cormack, Bianca Gernandes, Chloe Fischer, Jake Fleming, Chloe Miller, Ciaran Murphy, Trevor Robichaud, Morgan Silen, Mia Stone Theona Tully, Hanaa Wahid, Madeleine and Abigail Zacchini.
Honors went to: Aaron Churchill, Elsa Crotty, Matthew Curran, Giorgio DiDomenico, Schuyler Evindar, Will Gaynor, Sumiye Henderson, Michael Hershberger, Mark Kimball, Samuel Lama, Alexander Lombard, Christian Lucking, Callum Mond, Declan Mond, Bud Patterson, Niklas Pavia, Catherine Riseborough, Colin Ruschioni, Emma Sheerin and Timothy Weaver.
Highest honors went to Connor Acierno, Natalie Angland, Adam Balewicz,Holly Bechara, Camden Bettez, Elena Burti, Yi Cheng, William Childs, Natalie Davis, Mallory Devlin, Liam Duhame, Abbie Eska, Katherine Green, William Hess, Claire Hohn, Anna Ivanov, Agamjot Kukreja, Paxton Kwong, Kevin Lai, Lily Maher, Tyler Mignault, Chloe Mitchell, Ryan Pichon, Murron Polk, Jack Slade, Madeline Toth, Gavin Webster and Hana Zoaib.
High honors went to: Leo Amrose, Eliana Cammilleri, Lyla Cotter, Miles Devlin, Cassandra Dirsa, Zianna Gagliardi, Mia Kottler, Kylie Marshall, Charles Mattocks, Connor McLaughlin, Camden Reed, Lilia Rosadini, Jack Schartner, Milan Siano and Nora Windzio.
Honors went to: Maggie Botelho, Anthony Caizzi, Arya Chaudry, Leah Clark-Gaby, Reese Cote, Sofia Fiore, Mason Holmes, Jocelyn Kelly, Mallika Nair, Luke Pavia, Matthew Pichon, Zackery Spicer and River Weadock.
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Need a quick, easy way to improve your house's curb appeal? Hire a home landscaping company, and you should have no trouble transforming an ordinary lawn into an awe-inspiring one.
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When it comes to lawn care, why should you be forced to leave anything to chance? If you're unsure about how to care for your front lawn or perform various home landscaping tasks, it pays to get professional support.
It also is important to remember that your home's curb appeal may work for or against you, particularly in a fierce real estate market.
For example, if you have a clean-cut front lawn, your home may stand out to potential buyers, leading to many home showings. On the other hand, a messy front lawn is unlikely to do you any favors and may actually cause some homebuyers to avoid your residence altogether.
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Lastly, it is vital to note that not all home landscaping companies are created equal. And if you're struggling to find a top-notch home landscaper in your city or town, you may want to consult with a real estate agent.
In most instances, a real estate agent can offer home landscaping company recommendations. This housing market professional will do what it takes to help you prep your residence for the real estate market and ensure that you can get the best possible home selling results.
Employ a home landscaping company today, and you can move one step closer to listing and selling your house.
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Write a one to two (1-2) page essay in which you: Identify the first step in the student’s guide to research. Define the first step of research in your own words. Identify the major assumptions and bias of the drug industry that underlie drug research. Identify the personal bias that you, as a consumer, have on the drug industry’s influence over research. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. To keep this essay short and manageable, your only sources for the essay should be the article from The Washington Post and the sections noted in your text. For this reason, APA citations or references are not required for this assignment. Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page is not included in the required assignment page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: Define the basic concepts used in the discipline of sociology. Define the various methodologies for sociological research. Use technology and information resources to research issues in sociology. Write clearly and concisely about sociology using proper writing mechanics.
Assignment 1: Evaluating Bias in ResearchDue Week 3 and worth 60 pointsRead the article titled, “As drug industry’s influence over research grows, so does the potential for bias,” located at . washingtonpost. com/business/economy/as-drug-industrys-influence-over-research-grows-so-does-the-potential-for-bias/2012/11/24/bb64d596-1264-11e2-be82-c3411b7680a9_story. html”>http: //www. washingtonpost. com/business/economy/as-drug-industrys-influence-over-research-grows-so-does-the-potential-for-bias/2012/11/24/bb64d596-1264-11e2-be82-c3411b7680a9_story. html. Review the six (6) rules of critical thinking (Chapter 1) and the steps of “Doing Sociology: A Student’s Guide to Research” (Chapter 2). Student Success Tip: As you review the steps, jot a few notes or thoughts down. Relax and prepare to write a concise and accurate essay. Write a one to two (1-2) page essay in which you: Identify the first step in the student’s guide to research. Define the first step of research in your own words. Identify the major assumptions and bias of the drug industry that underlie drug research. Identify the personal bias that you, as a consumer, have on the drug industry’s influence over research. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. To keep this essay short and manageable, your only sources for the essay should be the article from The Washington Post and the sections noted in your text. For this reason, APA citations or references are not required for this assignment. Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page is not included in the required assignment page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: Define the basic concepts used in the discipline of sociology. Define the various methodologies for sociological research. Use technology and information resources to research issues in sociology. Write clearly and concisely about sociology using proper writing mechanics.
Assignment 1: Evaluating Bias in ResearchDue Week 3 and worth 60 pointsRead the article titled, “As drug industry’s influence over research grows, so does the potential for bias,” located at . washingtonpost. com/business/economy/as-drug-industrys-influence-over-research-grows-so-does-the-potential-for-bias/2012/11/24/bb64d596-1264-11e2-be82-c3411b7680a9_story. html”>http: //www. washingtonpost. com/business/economy/as-drug-industrys-influence-over-research-grows-so-does-the-potential-for-bias/2012/11/24/bb64d596-1264-11e2-be82-c3411b7680a9_story. html. Review the six (6) rules of critical thinking (Chapter 1) and the steps of “Doing Sociology: A Student’s Guide to Research” (Chapter 2). Student Success Tip: As you review the steps, jot a few notes or thoughts down. Relax and prepare to write a concise and accurate essay. Write a one to two (1-2) page essay in which you: Identify the first step in the student’s guide to research. Define the first step of research in your own words. Identify the major assumptions and bias of the drug industry that underlie drug research. Identify the personal bias that you, as a consumer, have on the drug industry’s influence over research. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. To keep this essay short and manageable, your only sources for the essay should be the article from The Washington Post and the sections noted in your text. For this reason, APA citations or references are not required for this assignment. Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page is not included in the required assignment page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: Define the basic concepts used in the discipline of sociology. Define the various methodologies for sociological research. Use technology and information resources to research issues in sociology. Write clearly and concisely about sociology using proper writing mechanics. Click . homeworkmarket. com/bbcswebdav/institution/SOC/100/1152/Week3/Week%203%20Assignment%201%20rubric. html”>here to view the grading rubric for this assignment.
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How do invoices work ?
1. Once a purchase is made plug&paid will send the seller (a copy) and buyer an email with an invoice attached for that specific sale.
2. In your "Sales" page click the invoice icon.
3. In your "Plugs" page click the "Sales" button on the plug row. This option will open up a modal showing all the sales and invoices corresponding to that specific button/widget or link.
4. In your "Inventory" page click the "Sales" button on each product row. This option will open up a modal showing all the sales corresponding to that specific product and their invoices.
5. In your "Customers" page click the "Purchases" button on each buyer row. This option will open up a modal showing all the sales and invoices for that specific buyer.
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Thomson Al Fresco, a division of TUI, sells mobile home holidays in 43 holiday parks across Europe, including France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Croatia and Holland. You get a very different type of holiday experience with Thomson Al Fresco, staying in luxury chalet-style accommodation designed by Linda Barker, on some of the finest holiday parks in Europe.
Thomson Al Fresco, a division of TUI, sells mobile home holidays in 43 holiday parks across Europe, including France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Croatia and Holland.
You get a very different type of holiday experience with Thomson Al Fresco, staying in luxury chalet-style accommodation designed by Linda Barker, on some of the finest holiday parks in Europe. In order to distinguish itself from competitors such as Eurocamp and Keycamp, the company has developed the concept of 'posh camping' and the brand positioning of being 'Out of the ordinary'.
In 2007, as part of an integrated digital strategy, Thomson Al Fresco asked Equator to develop an email programme for the brand.
Develop email creative that would reflect the brand's positioning as 'Out of the ordinary'.
Produce an email style that would be flexible enough to communicate brand building messages, as well as tactical offers.
Achieve consistently high open and clickthrough rates, while maintaining a low unsubscribe rate.
The email design has been created to represent Thomson Al Fresco's unique brand of family holiday and uses the strapline 'Out of the ordinary'. The colourful style is based around the company's brand mascot, a small cartoon character called Alf who creates a sense of trust and honest family fun.
The emails contain information about the holidays, but also entertain with cartoons explaining unusual facts about each country Thomson Al Fresco offers holidays in. For example, one creative treatment has Alf explaining the 'surprising fact' that 'They don't have the tooth fairy in Spain. It's a tooth mouse called Perez. Eek!' The surprising facts represent Thomson Al Fresco's surprisingly good value holidays and prices in a unique way.
Tactical offers and sales messages are featured further down the email, and provide strong calls to action. Brand-building messages about the company and its unique product and service offering support the sales messages, and provide reassurance and added incentives to choose Thomson Al Fresco. Subject lines are also suitably quirky and 'out of the ordinary', with the overall aim of making the emails enjoyable for the reader - building a relationship of trust and loyalty. The emails link through to the website or, where appropriate, themed landing pages, designed to expand upon the information provided in the email and support conversion to a booking.
The Thomson Al Fresco email programme is now a core part of the marketing programme, and has been extremely well received by customers.
Unsubscribe rate maintained well below 1%.
Integrated approach between emails and landing pages to deliver consistent messaging and increase booking conversion.
Strong return on investment of 5:1 through bookings generated from the email programme.
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0.982195 |
I'd like to open an account http://www.webface.ie/our-advantages.html imovane rx list The poll also revealed that for the children aged two to six, tablets are marginally more popular with boys than girls – 66 per cent of boys use them in comparison to 60 per cent of girls.
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An envelope http://www.webface.ie/our-advantages.html imovane online canada He said local governments had given the go-ahead for studiesto be made for the remaining 8,734 km of the project ahead ofapproval by China's planning agency, the National Developmentand Reform Commission (NDRC).
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Please wait http://www.theislamicmonthly.com/advertising/ ambien generic 5 mg The FSRU, which will serve as a floating import terminal,could supply up to 2 billion cubic metres (bcm) of natural gasfrom 2015, though no contracts to deliver LNG to the terminalhave been signed yet.
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I enjoy travelling http://www.indianonlinejournalism.org/about-us/ Purchase Vpxl The price of oil climbed $2.57 to $105.97 on positive economic news from China. Industrial production in the world's No. 2 economy grew 9.7 percent, up from 8.9 percent in June and the fastest in five months.
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I work here http://www.beechwooddental.ie/index.php/prices/ Generic Vigora The program is years behind schedule and nearly 70 percentover original cost estimates, but U.S. officials said last weekthe program is now making progress in flight testing, productionand long-term operating costs.
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0.999772 |
Frugal living may sometimes seem like a pain, but getting into the habit of saving money can add up quickly. The saved money can be invested, help pay off debt, or just be saved. To start off a new life of frugal living, here are some helpful hints to get into the swing of it.
• Buy a used car instead of new.
• Just use one car.
• Buy a used car with a low price, low depreciation, and low expenses.
• Carpool or take public transportation.
• Try to walk or bike when possible.
• Consider train travel instead of air travel.
• Shop around when renting a car.
• Find cheaper accommodations when traveling.
• Find positions that will allow you to telecommute.
• Buy a smaller home and live within your means.
• Rent instead of owning a home if the cost of buying is too much. Money can be saved while renting which can be invested later.
• Find good contractors who provide fixed-price bids for house repairs.
• Make sure to understand all fees and payment involved in a home before agreeing to them.
• Purchase sale items at the store.
• Buy basic ingredients rather than ready-made or pre-packaged items.
• Compare unit prices of similar products.
• Eat out less. Packing lunch and snacks is a good alternative.
• Join a food co-op.
• If eating out, look for discounts or specials in advance.
• Eat sweets or drink alcohol in moderation.
• Instead of drinking juices, teas, or sodas, drink water instead.
• Try to have a more minimalist wardrobe with pieces that go match well.
• Avoid being in situations where window browsing can happen.
• Only purchase bargain clothing, and only do it when it is necessary.
• Look for any online coupons or promotions that may be available.
• Get rid of cable.
• Use a library card and borrow books and movies.
• Look up free entertainment, for example, days of free admission to a museum.
• Use coupon sites to take advantage of special deals for various activities.
• Cut off a cell phone line.
• Save energy and gas to have lower monthly bills.
• Learn to trim or cut your own hair.
• Wash clothes less frequently and let them air dry.
• Make an attempt to stay healthy as a preventative measure.
• Purchase generic prescriptions whenever possible.
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0.952274 |
Egide Charles Gustave, Baron Wappers (23 August 1803 – 6 December 1874) was a Belgian painter. His work is generally considered to be Flemish and he signed his work with the Flemish form of his name, Gustaf Wappers.
He studied at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Antwerp, and during 1826 in Paris. The Romantic movement with its new ideas about art and politics was astir in France. Wappers was the first Belgian artist to take advantage of this state of affairs, and his first painting, "The Devotion of the Burgomaster of Leiden," appeared at the appropriate moment and had great success in the Brussels Salon in 1830, the year of the Belgian Revolution. While political, this remarkable work revolutionized the direction of Flemish painters.
Wappers was invited to the court at Brussels, and was favoured with commissions. In 1832 the city of Antwerp appointed him Professor of Painting.
He exhibited his masterpiece, "Episode of the Belgian Revolution of 1830" or rather "Episode of the September Days of 1830 on the Grand Place of Brussels", (Museum of Ancient Art, Brussels) at the Antwerp Salon in 1834. He was subsequently appointed painter to Leopold, King of the Belgians. At the death of Matthieu-Ignace Van Brée in 1839 he was elevated to director of the Antwerp Academy. As a teacher at the Antwerp Academy he trained a great number of pupils including Ford Madox Brown, Lawrence Alma-Tadema, William Duffield, Emil Hünten, the Czech history painter Karel Javůrek, Jaroslav Čermák, Ludwig von Hagn, Josephus Laurentius Dyckmans, Eugene van Maldeghem, Ferdinand Pauwels and Jacob Jacobs.
His works are numerous. Some of them depict traditional devotional subjects ("Christ Entombed"), while others illustrate the Romantic view of history: "Charles I taking leave of his Children", "Charles IX", "Camoens", "Peter the Great at Saardam", and "Boccaccio at the Court of Joanna of Naples".
Louis Philippe gave him a commission to paint a large painting for the gallery at Versailles, "The Defence of Rhodes by the Knights of St John of Jerusalem". He finished the work in 1844, the same year that he received the title of baron from Belgian king Leopold I. After retiring as director of the Antwerp Academy, he settled in 1853 in Paris, where he died in 1873.
Portrait of a man Gustaf Wappers ?
Leopold of Saksen Gustaf Wappers ?
Leopold; Duke of Brabant Gustaf Wappers ?
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0.947004 |
This dissertation focuses on one question: how should one drive an experimentally prepared state of a generic quantum system into a different target-state, simultaneously minimizing energy dissipation and maximizing the fidelity between the target and evolved-states? We develop optimal adiabatic driving protocols for general quantum systems, and show that these are geodesic paths. Geometric ideas have always played a fundamental role in the understanding and unification of physical phenomena, and the recent discovery of topological insulators has drawn great interest to topology from the field of condensed matter physics. Here, we discuss the quantum geometric tensor, a mathematical object that encodes geometrical and topological properties of a quantum system. It is related to the fidelity susceptibility (an important quantity regarding quantum phase transitions) and to the Berry curvature, which enables topological characterization through Berry phases. A refined understanding of the interplay between geometry and topology in quantum mechanics is of direct relevance to several emergent technologies, such as quantum computers, quantum cryptography, and quantum sensors. As a demonstration of how powerful geometric and topological ideas can become when combined, we present the results of an experiment that we recently proposed. This experimental work was done at the Google Quantum Lab, where researchers were able to visualize the topological nature of a two-qubit system in sharp detail, a startling contrast with earlier methods. To achieve this feat, the optimal protocols described in this dissertation were used, allowing for a great improvement on the experimental apparatus, without the need for technical engineering advances. Expanding the existing literature on the quantum geometric tensor using notions from differential geometry and topology, we build on the subject nowadays known as quantum geometry. We discuss how slowly changing a parameter of a quantum system produces a measurable output of its response, merely due to its geometric nature. Next, we topologically characterize different classes of Hamiltonians using the Berry monopole charges, and establish their topological protection. Finally, we explore how such knowledge allows one to access topologically forbidden regions by adiabatically breaking and reestablishing symmetries.
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0.999537 |
A simple website for a well-known home builder in southern Delaware.
Create an appealing albeit simple website for a well-known home builder.
The design of the site is clean and simple with an emphasis on contacting the company for more information. The floor plans are organized into categories with a search function. There is also a gallery of past work.
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0.931424 |
How about a special place for a special occasion? Honeymoons, birthdays or just a romantic individual holiday. Menorca's country hotels are set in their own unique private grounds, full of individual character and catering to the discerning visitors needs.
The emphasis is on the personal touch with just a few guestrooms, often totally individual and attentive service. An ideal place to spend your leisure days in an ambience of relaxation and nature on the enchanting island of Menorca, declared a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO.
Rural Hotels with flair and safe,secure online booking.
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0.997397 |
Should music teachers teach private lessons?
Music lessons are the formal instructions provided for playing a certain musical instrument or singing. The lesson can be of two types; the private lesson and the semi private lesson in which the music teacher teaches groups of two of four students. A typical private music lesson is one in which a single student is involved with the teacher. The training session lasts for 30 minutes to 1 hour for a period of weeks or even years.
Private music lesson are more popular as the student who is really interested about music needs the calm space to absorb the skills that are taught. There are several benefits of private music lessons. In the private sessions the student gets the opportunity to clarify reasons behind their interest more openly as compared to group lessons. There are students who may find it difficult to communicate about their individual thoughts in the presence of their co-learners. Privacy enables them to open up their mind and feel free to express whatever pops up in their mind. There is no peer pressure in a private music lesson; the student never feels the tension of perfect performance as there is no one to laugh at their silly mistakes.
The parents of the students of music prefer private lessons because of some less obvious benefits. When your child takes private music lesson from the music teacher, the child can overcome the obstacles without your help as the teacher is there to help out. The child learns to cope with difficulties along with the strategies to solve the various problems. The individual student performs in the presence of none else but the teacher and this method helps in the development of integrity, self honesty and accountability. There is much scope for the application of self discipline as there are no classmates to share the discipline regime. They can prepare for the assignments independently.
The teacher is able to concentrate fully on a single student, which is not possible in the group lessons. There is no scope of overlooking the student who is struggling with a certain concept in the private lesson sessions. The student is able to pursue the individual interest as there is no one else to interrupt. The teacher does not have the pressure to finish a certain part of the lesson in a fixed time to keep the class schedule intact. Music teachers are able to instruct the individual student in the way that is most comfortable for the student to absorb the skill. This cannot be done in the group lesson simply because the teacher has to stick to a particular method in order to maintain the uniformity of the group. In case a particular student is naturally gifted with the musical skills, it becomes hard to carry on the lesson in a group, because the student is forced to follow the speed of the co-learners.
Private music lesson provides with the one-to-one relationship and it is the best method to develop the individual skill of the learner.
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0.999772 |
A commercial contractor is seeking legal consultation related to their everyday activities and business operations as a whole. Acting as a consultant, provide the organization with the following information: 1) How to efficiently and effectively administer contracts in the office as well as in the field.
A commercial contractor is seeking legal consultation related to their everyday activities and business operations as a whole. Acting as a consultant, provide the organization with the following information: 1) How to efficiently and effectively administer contracts in the office as well as in the field. 2) The options available and steps to take in dispute resolution with subcontractors and other project partners. 3) The advantages of solving disputes at the project level. 4) The time and cost considerations associated with additional litigation beyond the project level. 5) How ethical decisions may or may not be affected by the law. Beyond this general consultation, the organization would like you to develop an actual safety management plan for an upcoming construction project. Include in the plan: 1) Program guidelines and policies 2) OSHA regulations and compliance information 3) Hazard and accident analysis 4) Reporting practices and documentation requirements 5) Site planning considerations Include Total Safety Management principles within the plan where appropriate. Explain Total Safety Management in detail and why it is beneficial for the organization to implement this type of practice.
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0.928004 |
AIBU to be astonished by how many people lie about speeding?
I'm thinking of the Labour MP who has been caught lying repeatedly to avoid a few points on her licence. She was going at all of 41mph in a 30mph area - not exactly Speedy Gonzales - but it seems she may have been texting at the same time...to her landscape gardener, no less.
I don't know why she didn't just fess up but the fact she lied so promptly AND is a solicitor suggests she knew, professionally, that she could get away with it.
Not long ago David Beckham was caught trying to wriggle out of a speeding ticket even though he can afford a chauffeur for a bit. And then of course there is the notorious Chris Huhne affair of a few years back.
That people in the public eye think they can get away with these lies suggest to me that LOTS of people do it and it's practically "a thing". Is this correct? Does anyone here have friends/relatives who've lied about who was behind the wheel - or even done it themselves?
Oh I know at least two men who’ve had their wives take their penalty points. It’s very common.
Why am I ever surprised that an MP is caught lying?
It is definitely 'a Thing' . I'm amazed that an MP would do this, especially one with a background as a solicitor, she'd know the Courts take a very dim view and prison is almost certain to follow.
Look at Chris Hulme and Vicky ? prison for them. Our prisons are full to bursting, This Labour MP doesn't pose a threat to society so my usual response would be a community sentence. However, she's in a position of trust, lied then lied again in Court. Prison for sure.
When it comes to the penalty, while I agree it seems ridiculous to send people to prison for something like this but the circumstances should always be taken into account and for a solicitor and MP to do this, and the egregious way she did it. I understand she had no points on her licenc, is utterly beyond the pale and I think she should serve time for what she did.
There is an overall over-casual attitude to speeding. It makes me very angry. I spent a large chunk of my life dealing with the aftermath of this.
Where are all these people speeding to ?? they must have very important jobs to get to.
Every morning my OH takes our DD to work at 7.30am and he says the amount of cars that over take him at speed are unbelievable only for him to arrive behind them at traffic lights !!
DH is incandescent at friends of his who complain about being 'done' for speeding when they do it all the time - its a fair cop.
My DH has just been on the naughty step. 33 in a 30 zone.
Be aware there is no leeway these days.
His first points in a life time of driving but he was at fault. He paid the price. So should anyone.
However I must admit it IS hard to keep to the limit when you are in a very very long village and we have 2 round here.
Never see any one on the pavements, straight road, soo easy just to creep up slightly. I spend a lot of time glancing down at the speedometer. Is that safe? I do try to do 28 to give me some room for manoeuvre.
The latest figures from ROSPA show that a pedestrian who is hit by a car travelling at between 30 mph and 40 mph is between 3.5 and 5.5 times more likely to be killed than if hit by a car travelling at below 30 mph.
Yet members of our local Facebook group routinely post warnings to others if they spot a police speed check in operation, as if it’s all some sort of fun game. All that matters to some people is escaping points on their licence.
When your life, or that of someone you love, has been turned upside down by a speeding driver, you tend to think differently.
PamelaJ1 I know that feeling.
I became 70, got my first photo licence and got caught on a new speed camera doing 40 in a 30 at midnight on an empty road all in the same week.
Hey ho, I guess I have gone over the speed limit but never been caught before.
The standard £100 fine, 3 pnts on the licence and doubling the insurance premium for at least 3 years have been a hard lesson but why would anyone lie about it?
When the satnav is on there's a bell when you go over the speed limit. I wish you could activate this when driving. Perhaps you can?
Does anyone remember Con MP Gerald Nabarro? He with the moustachios and big daimler? He said his secretary was driving round a roundabout the wrong way, years before these latest scandals.
Grammaretto he was one of the last great mustachio-ed cads and bounders.
I was asked by an AC as the points would take them over the 12 and their job entailed a lot of driving every day. I said "NO". I would never shield anyone from any fallout due to their actions.
I am sure it happens all the time across all strata of society. If you are in the public domain/ position of trust you are extra stupid ..yes stupid.. to do so as you have further to fall and the ripples go further. None of us is perfect but some of us have less distance to fall & our tale will not sell copy!
I'm just astonished that you are surprised that MPs lie. I thought that was a prerequisite.
Fully agree with those deploring the casual attitude to speeding. I've often noticed when interviewing people for jobs that they cheerfully reply to the standard question about offences, 'Only speeding!' as though this somehow enhances them. And I think women do this more than men.
Just shows how stupid their wives are.
Maggiemaybe The folk who inform others of speed checks are committing an offence just the same as those who flash headlights to others as a warning.
It would be interesting to know if the speed awareness courses for offenders really do any good. I've been on two. And I'm not proud of it. I remember a few facts, most of which I learnt the first time. I think I am being very careful now, but just occasionally find that the speedometer has crept higher than it should. I wonder what others think of the courses they've been on. Were they useful or a waste of time?
Anyone remember Christine and her husband ? Hamilton and the saga of who was driving when caught speeding. Seemed to go on for months- it was him, it was her, they just couldn't remember!! Everytime on the roads see so many important people having to hurry to their important events in their important lives and of course usually meet them again at the next roundabout or traffic lights. The standard of driving has also deteriorated, mustn't be behind anyone so have to cut in at last minute, no warning. And don't get me started on those who think everyone should stop to let them join carriageway from sliproad. They make me fume.
As a point of information, David Beckham was issued with a penalty notice beyond the prescribed time and his lawyer duly pointed out that, as he should have been notified within the legal limit, he could not legally be charged. Wouldn't most people take advantage of a lawyer who knows his stuff if they had the wherewithal? It was hardly the same thing as Chris Huhne "persuading" his wife to take the blame for his offence.
My sons were taught to drive in 3 rd gear in 30 zones. It works well to keep your speed down. Do it myself now.
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