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0c5ce78a___8_2__constraint_column_usage__Description
[Name] constraint_schema [Data Type] sql_identifier [Description]
Name of the schema that contains the constraint
[]
PostgreSQL: Documentation: 8.2: constraint_column_usage
Description
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.2/interactive/infoschema-constraint-column-usage.html
14/1438042986646.29_20150728002306-00315-ip-10-236-191-2_649351185_1.json
0c5ce78a___8_2__constraint_column_usage__Description
[Name] constraint_name [Data Type] sql_identifier [Description]
Name of the constraint
[]
PostgreSQL: Documentation: 8.2: constraint_column_usage
Description
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.2/interactive/infoschema-constraint-column-usage.html
14/1438042986646.29_20150728002306-00315-ip-10-236-191-2_649351185_1.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what are neurons?
cells that send and receive electrical or chemical signals
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what makes up the central nervous system?
brain and spinal chord
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] the --- nervous system is made of the nerve cells outside the central nervous system
peripheral
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what do sensory neurons do?
interpret or bring information to the brain
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what do motor neurons do?
cause response and take out information
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what to interneurons do?
only connect neurons
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] on a neuron, what do dendrites do?
receive the signal
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] on a neuron, what does the nucleus do?
decides what signals mean
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] on a neuron, what does the axon do?
sends signal to terminal branches
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] on a neuron, what does the terminal branch do?
stimulates muscle or target cell.
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] where in the brain are neurons located?
cortex
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what do glial cells do?
insulate neurons
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what does myelin sheath do?
insulates nuerons
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] where is myelin sheath made?
aligodendroeytcs (CNS) and Schwann cells (PNS)
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what do astrocytes do?
provide metabolic support to neurons and form a blood barrier in the brain
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what are nuclei?
clusters of similar neurons
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what does the hindbrain do?
homeostasis and coordination
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what does the cerebellum control?
coordination and muscle synchronization
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what does the medulla control? (4)
homeostasis, breathing, the heart, and digestion
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what do pons control?
coordination and muscle synchronization
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what three parts make up the hindbrain?
cerebellum, medulla, and pons
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what does the forebrain control?
higher function/movement
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what does the hypothalamus control? (4)
feeding, aggression, sex, and hormones
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what do basal nuclei do control?
movement via dopamine
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what does amygdala control? (5)
learning, memory, emotion, motivation, and reward
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what parts make up the forebrain?
hypothalamus, basal nuclei, amygdala
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] the --- regulates specific forms of memory.
hippocampus
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] the two types of memory that the hippocampus regulates are -- and --.
1. location in space 2. encoding long term memories (not involved with emotional memories)
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what does the amygdala control?
regulates recognition and learning emotions/fear conditioning
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] the prefrontal cortex conrols --, ---, and ---.
food, sexual behavior, and social behavior
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what does dopamine control?
wanting
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what do opioids control?
liking; ie) endorphins (virgins, cocaine, and pups)
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] every cell inside the --- ---- has a voltage called ---- ----.
plasma membrane/ membrane potential
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] the membrane potential of the inside of a cell is more --- than the outside of the cell.
negative
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what is resting potential?
potential of a neuron that's not sending a signal.
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] the inside of a membrane cell is loaded with -- anions.
K+
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] the outside of a membrane cell is loaded with -- anions.
Na+
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] the electrical gradient of membrane cells has opposites ---.
attract
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] the chemical gradient of membrane cells has ions -- --- from other ions.
move away
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] both chemical and electrical gradients push --- into the cell.
sodium (sodium potassium pumps)
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] only electrical gradients pushes into/out of the cell.
into
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] only chemical pushes into/out of the cell.
out of
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] the electrochemical gradient is controlled by ---.
voltage gated channels
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] the electrochemical gradient channels are closed at rest. when they open, -- goes into the cell and -- goes out.
Na+/K+
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what cause ion channels to open and close in the electrochemical gradient?
electrical signals from other neurons
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what is depolarization of membrane cells?
a reduction in the magnitude of the membrane potential (when inside of a neuron becomes less negative)
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what causes depolarization?
the opening of sodium channels
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] strength of depolarization depends on the -- of channels opened. this is called -- ---.
number/ graded potential
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what is hyper-polarization of a membrane cell?
an increase in the magnitude of the membrane potential
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] in hyper-polarization, the inside of the cell becomes more --- by graded potential.
negative
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] a stimulus strong enough to produce a depolarization that reaches the threshold triggers --- ----.
action potential
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
integrate internal and external information
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/zoology-101-exam-3-779532
3/1438042988250.59_20150728002308-00342-ip-10-236-191-2_397462718_0.json
a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what is action potenital?
the electrical signal that travels down the axon; all or none depolarization of the plasma membrane; carries information
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what is the 0 stage of neural signaling?
resting state; Na+ and K+ channels are closed
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what is the 1 stage of neural signaling?
threshold; Na+ channels open
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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[what do nervous systems do?] what is the 2 stage of neural signaling?
depolarization; many Na+ channels open
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what is the 3 stage of neural signaling?
repolarization; K+ channels open
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what occurs during repolarization that is crucial to direction of neural signaling?
a refractory period
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what is a refractory period of a nueron?
when the neuron is more negative that its resting potential and cannot fire
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what is the 4 stage of neural signaling?
restoration of resting potential; K+ channels close
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what are three animals that have toxins that target ion channels?
pufferfish block Na, scorpions scramble Na, and honey bees block K channels
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] why does action potential moves from the hillock to the terminal? (down axon)
the depolarization of one region of the axon stimulates depolarization of the next.
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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[what do nervous systems do?] what two factors determine the speed of a neural signal?
axon diameter and myelin sheath
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what are nodes of ranvier?
gaps between glial cells
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what is saltatory conduction?
the process of action potential skipping from ranvier node to ranvier node.
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what is the synapse?
the point of communication between neurons
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what are the two types of synapses?
electrical and chemical
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] neurotransmitters are stored in ---.
vesicles
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what is a neurotransmitter?
a chemical signal passes across a synapse
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what happens when action potential reaches the axon terminal? (3)
1. Ca+ channels open 2. vesicles go through exocytosis 3. neurotransmitters cross synaptic cleft and bind to receptors
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what are the two types of neurotransmitters?
1. ionotrophic 2. metabotrophic
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what do ionotrophic neurotransmitters do?
BIND TO RECEPTORS IN ION CHANNEL, open ion channels, change membrane potential,
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] ionotrophic neurotransmitters are fast/slow.
fast
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] ionotrophic neurotransmitters bind to -- gated channels.
ligand
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] action potential in the neuron is fired depending on the ratio of --- and ---.
depolarization (excitatory post synapsis potential) and hyperpolarization (inhibitory post synapsis potential)
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what do metabotrophic receptors do?
BIND TO RECEPTORS NOT IN ION CHANNEL, activate a signal to transduction pathway
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] metabotrophic receptors are fast/slow.
slow (and longer lasting)
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] neurotransmitters can be excitatory or inhibitory depending on the specific ----.
receptor
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what is serotonin used to treat?
depression
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what is GABA used to treat?
anxiety
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] what is reuptake?
re-use of serotonin which removes it from the synapse, causing depression
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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[what do nervous systems do?] what is nitric oxide?
a gaseous neurotransmitter what increases blood flow
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] viagra blocks an --- the breaks down cGMP to counteract erectile disfunction.
enzyme
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] drugs --- the brain's natural neurotransmitter system.
mimic
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] neurotransmitters can be recycled and degraded, which also means that they can be --- by drugs.
blocked
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] drugs can reduce the number of --- in a neurons.
receptors
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] drugs can act at ionotrophic and metabatrophic ---.
receptors
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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a08c2eff__Exam__3_Flashcards___Cram_com__ernal_and_external_information
[what do nervous systems do?] drugs can be --- or ---- neutrotransmitters (hint:state)
solid/gas
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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[what do nervous systems do?] what does the endocrine system control?
hormones
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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[what do nervous systems do?] what is the master of the endocrine system?
pituitary gland
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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[what do nervous systems do?] compare the nervous system to the endocrine system.
nervous: fast, short term, short distance. endocrine: slower, longer effect, longer distance
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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[what do nervous systems do?] what is a hormone?
a chemical messenger released into BLOOD STREAM and acts on distant target cells.
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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[what do nervous systems do?] hormones bind to --- cells.
target
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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[what do nervous systems do?] where are hormone receptors made?
in the plasma membrane or inside the cell.
[]
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[what do nervous systems do?] what are the three classes of hormones?
amines, proteins/peptides, and steroids.
[]
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[what do nervous systems do?] which hormone classes are water soluble?
amines and proteins
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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[what do nervous systems do?] which hormone classes are lipid soluble?
steroids
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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[what do nervous systems do?] water soluble hormones act on --- receptors because cells have lipid walls.
membrane
[]
Zoology 101; Exam #3 Flashcards - Cram.com
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[what do nervous systems do?] reception ---> transduction ----> -----
response
[]
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