content listlengths 1 1 | teacher_response stringlengths 21 22.5k | answer stringclasses 4
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Muscle relaxant of choice in renal and hepatic failure\nChoices:\nA. Cis Atracurium\nB. Vecuronium\nC. Rocuronium\nD. Rapacuronium\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an u... | Refer Katzung 9/e p432 Atracurium and cis-Atracurium are muscle relaxants of choice for renal and hepatic failure patients
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>One of the impoant defence mechanism is\nChoices:\nA. Alienation\nB. Confabulation\nC. Repression\nD. Suppression\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (... | Repression is a primary defence mechanism and is defined as unconsciously excluding from conscious awareness of anxiety-provoking ideas and /or feelings. eg in normal life: forgetting and slips of the tongue (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja,7th edition, pg no 207)
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Commonest benigm tumour of the eosophagus?\nChoices:\nA. Leiomyoma\nB. Papilloma\nC. Adenoma\nD. Hemangioma\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, ... | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Leiomyoma
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Fall on heel with fracture os calcis is associated with commonly:\nChoices:\nA. Fracture clavicle\nB. Fracture veebra\nC. Fracture femur\nD. Posterior dislocation of hip\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answ... | B i.e. Fracture veebrae Calcaneum is the most commonly fractrued tarsal bone and in most cases the mode of injury is fell front height over 20% of these patients suffer associated injury of spine (most common)Q, pelvis or hip and base of skull Most commonly associated injury of veebral bodies (-12%), makes clinical & r... | B |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which is a not an essential criteria according to WHO for normal semen analysis:\nChoices:\nA. Sperm count > 20 million/ml\nB. Volume > 1 ml\nC. Sperm with normal morphology (strict criteria) > 15%\nD. Motility >... | Normal seminal fluid analysis:
Semen analysis - WHO
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>The active ingredient of X-ray film is -\nChoices:\nA. Silver chloride\nB. Silver bromide\nC. Silver nitrate\nD. Gold chloride\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an upper... | An X ray film consists of polyster base ,emulsion,and crystals of Silver Halide.The silver bromide crystals are spread over emulsion that is applied on a polyester base.
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Heberden's Arthropathy affects -\nChoices:\nA. Lumbar spine\nB. Symmetrically large joints\nC. Sacroiliac joints\nD. Distal interphalangeal joints\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </an... | In osteoarthritis of hand :
i) Distal interphalangeal joint :- Heberden's node.
ii) Proximal interphalangeal joint :- Bouchard's node
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which of the following is a sexual spore ?\nChoices:\nA. Chlamydospore\nB. Sporangiospore\nC. Ascospore\nD. Phialoconidia\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase ... | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Ascospore
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A 69 year old male patient having coronary artery disease was found to have gall bladder stones while undergoing a routine ultrasound of the abdomen. There was no history of biliary colic or jaundice at any time.... | Ans. is 'c' No surgery for gallbladder stones Ref.: Schwartz Surgery Pretest based on 7th/e p 204, Q no. 558; CSDT 11th/e p 546, p 605 Schwartz Pretest writes- "In a patient who has asymptomatic cholelithiasis as an incidental finding, however, there are no data to suggest that any therapeutic intervention is justified... | C |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A 60 year male is brought by his wife. He thinks that he had committed sins all throughout his life. He is very much depressed and has considered committing suicide but has not thought how to do it. He has also h... | The patient in question is presenting with features of depression and delusional guilt suggesting a diagnosis of depressive disorder with psychotic features. Treatment of such patients initially includes a combination of anti psychotic and antidepressant medication. In these patients, psychotic features of depression s... | B |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Excessive hemorrhage from tonsillectomy is due to injury of the -\nChoices:\nA. Paratonsillar vein\nB. Ascending palatine artery\nC. Rheumatic tonsillitis\nD. Physiological enlargement\n</Question>\nAt the end pr... | "Excessive bleeding at the time of operation usually arises because of trauma to an aberrant vessel or paratonsillar vein"
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>All of the following are indications for eicosanoids or their inhibitors EXCEPT :\nChoices:\nA. Abortion\nB. Essential hypertension\nC. Patent ductus arteriosus\nD. Transposition of the great arteries\n</Question... |
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A 55-year-old men is diabetic and has a long history of renal failure. He is currently waiting for an organ for transplant and has been on hemodialysis in the interim. If this man develops amyloid deposits around... | Amyloid deposits appear similar by light and electron microscopy, but actually represent a heterogeneous population of proteins that have a common teiary structure forming a beta-pleated sheet. Questions about the type of amyloid seen in different disease states are orites on examinations. Here are two tables to help y... | C |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>BAse substitution mutations can have been following molecular consequence except\nChoices:\nA. Changes one codon for an amino acid into another codon for that same amino acid\nB. Codon for one amino acid is chang... | A substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base for another (i.e., a change in a single "chemical letter" such as switching an A to a G). Such a substitution could:Change a codon to one that encodes a different amino acid and causes a small change in the protein produced. For example, sickle cell anemia is caused ... | C |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A child with high fever, severe sore throat presented with painful swallowing. Her voice was abnormal. Quinsy was diagnosed. What is referred to as Quinsy?\nChoices:\nA. Peritonsillar abscess\nB. Retropharyngeal ... | When infection penetrates the tonsillar capsule and involves the surrounding tissues, peritonsillar cellulitis results. Peritonsillar abscess otherwise known as 'quinsy' and cellulitis present with severe sore throat, odynophagia, trismus, medial detion of the soft palate and peritonsillar fold, and an abnormal muffled... | A |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>In an autosomal Recessive (AR) disorder, one parent is normal and the other is carrier and the child is also affected. What is the reason?\nChoices:\nA. Germline mosaicism\nB. Genomic imprinting\nC. Penetration\n... | If one parent is normal for an autosomal recessive disorder and the other is carrier - No child should be affected. But there is exception to this rule, i.e. uniparental disomy (UPD), when a person receives 2 copies of a chromosome, from one parent and no copies from the other parent. Ex: In Prader-Willi syndrome- mate... | D |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Most efficient removal of hard tissue is done by\nChoices:\nA. Er laser\nB. Argon visible laser\nC. Nd:YAG\nD. HO: YAG\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase let... |
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Cardiac muscle is able to function as a syncy-tium because of the structural presence of\nChoices:\nA. Branching fibres\nB. Intercalated disc\nC. Protoplasmic bridges between cells\nD. Gap-junctions\n</Question>\... | D i.e. Gap junction Cardiac muscle have characteristic intercalated discQ (always at z line) &skeletal muscle have cross striation; and smooth muscles don't have both.Skeletal muscle has dark & light bands and peripherally placed nucleusQ;where as cardiac muscle has intercalated disc & centrally placed nucleusQEach car... | D |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>What is the the most probable diagnosis of a child who presents with white umbilicated lesions on face?\nChoices:\nA. Molluscumcontagiosum\nB. Herpes simplex infection\nC. Erythema toxicumneonatorum\nD. Human pap... | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Molluscumcontagiosum Pearly white umblicated papule on face in children is most commonly seen in Molluscumcontagiosum. Molluscum contagiosum It is a common viral infection in children. It is caused by pox virus, i.e., Molluscum contagiosum virus. It is characterized by multiple pearly white, dome-shap... | A |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which of the following does not involve nerve damage -\nChoices:\nA. Guillian Barre syndrome\nB. Erb's paralysis\nC. Volkmann's paralysis\nD. Neurotmesis\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> a... | Volkmann's ischemic contracture is also called Volkmann's ischemic paralysis.
In Volkmann's ischemic contracture nerves (median & ulnar) are involved.
But the contracture is due to necrosis and fibrosis as results of ischemia.
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Gastric lavage is contraindicated in which of the following:\nChoices:\nA. Kerosene poisoning\nB. Iron toxicity\nC. Organophosphorus poisoning\nD. Acetaminophen poisoning\n</Question>\nAt the end present your ans... | Ans. A. Kerosene poisoningGastric lavage is a technique for stomach emptying that theoretically allows direct irrigation and removal of unabsorbed toxin from the stomach. Gastric lavage is indicated in those patients who ingest highly toxic substances and are brought to the emergency department soon after ingestion. Hy... | A |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Carcinoma tongue most frequently develops from -\nChoices:\nA. Tip\nB. Lateral border\nC. Dorsal portion\nD. All portions equally\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an up... | Common sites for oral cancer
Tongue carcinoma → Lateral border
Lip carcinoma → Vermilion of lower lip
Cheek carcinoma → Angle of mouth
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Menopause is defined as cessation of menstruation for -\nChoices:\nA. 3 consecutive months\nB. 6 consecutive months\nC. 12 consecutive months\nD. 15 consecutive months\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer... |
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Whicm among the following doe not cause hyperpyrexia?\nChoices:\nA. MAGI\nB. Alcohol\nC. Atropine\nD. Amphetamine\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (... | B i.e. Alcohol Alcohol (methyl and ethyl) causes hypothermia (not hypehermia) and peripheral vasodilationQ. Peripheral vasodilatation increases peripheral circulation resulting in feeling of warmth and warm skin, but at the same time actually there is loss of body heat from skin resulting in hypothermia. This becomes v... | B |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>The drug which acts by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation in helminths?\nChoices:\nA. Niclosamide\nB. Piperazine\nC. Praziquantel\nD. Mebendazole\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </a... | Niclosamide is a chlorinated salicylamide for most cestode infections acts by, inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. But post drug purging is required for niclosamide, unlike praziquantel and albendazole.Ref: Sharma and Sharma 2nd e/pg 805.
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>At a flow rate of 3L/min, inspiratory (FUO2) concentration of 30–60% can be achieved by using a –\nChoices:\nA. Nasopharyngeal catheter\nB. Simple face mask\nC. Venturi mask\nD. Head box\n</Question>\nAt the end ... | Nasopharyngeal catheter deliver 32% of O2 (FiO2 → 0.32) at flow-rate 3 litre / minute.
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Nigro protocol is for management of -\nChoices:\nA. Rectal carcinoma\nB. Anal canal carcinoma\nC. Gastrinoma\nD. Renal cell carcinoma\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using a... | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Anal canal carcinoma * Nigro protocol includes combined radiation and chemotherapy with 5FU and mitomycin C. It is commonly used in management of anal canal carcinoma.
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which of the following advises is not given to a 35 years old female patient with recurrent renal stone\nChoices:\nA. Increase water\nB. Restrict protein\nC. Restrict salt\nD. Restricted calcium intake\n</Questio... | Ans. d. Restricted calcium intake A source of calcium at each meal may actually help prevent oxalate stones from forming as the calcium binds with oxalate in food and thus prevents the oxalate from being absorbed into the bodyQ Dietary Modification in Stone Disease Increase Intake of FluidQ Dietary calciumQ Potassium a... | D |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Hypokalemia is likely to be seen in\nChoices:\nA. Insulin therapy\nB. Addison's disease\nC. Starvation ketosis\nD. Hemolytic anemias\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an... |
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Fibromuscular wall is seen in -\nChoices:\nA. Gall bladder\nB. Duodenum\nC. Jejunum\nD. ileum\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C, or D).",
... | The extrahepatic biliary tree and gallbladder share a similar microscopic anatomy, consisting of a fibromuscular wall lined by mucin producing columnar epithelium similar to that seen in intrahepatic bile ducts.
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>ESI act does not cover which of the following: September 2010\nChoices:\nA. Hotel employee\nB. Transpoters\nC. Railway employees\nD. Factory employees\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and ... | Ans. C: Railway employees This act covers all employees including engaged through the contracts but whose remuneration does not exceed Rs. 10, 000 p.m. including staff in the class of administrative, canteen, loading-unloading, security, etc. Apprentices who are appointed for learning the work with no right of being ab... | C |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A normal child develops the ability to use 10 words with meaning at the age of\nChoices:\nA. 12 months\nB. 15 months\nC. 18 months\nD. 24 months\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answ... | <p>. Developmental milestones:- GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT: 2 months: Holds head in plane of rest of the body when held in ventral suspension. In prone position in bed, the chin lifts momentarily. 3 months:lift head above the plane of the body. Head control stas by 3 months and fully developed by 5 months. 4 months:Remain... | C |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which drug is not used in SIADH:\nChoices:\nA. Fludrocoisone\nB. Demeclocycline\nC. Desmopressin\nD. Hypeonic saline\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase lette... | Answer is C (Desmopressin) : Desmopressin has no role in the management of SIADH. In Acute SIADH, the keystone of treatment is to restrict total fluid intake to less than the sum total of insensible losses and urinary output. If more rapid correction of hyponatremia is desired, the fluid restriction can be supplemented... | C |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which of the following is false regarding Cholestasis of pregnancy ?\nChoices:\nA. Serum bilirubin >5 mg/dl\nB. Alanine amino transferase (ALT) <250 IU/L\nC. Pruritus preceeds abnormal lab values by weeks\nD. Dys... | Hyperbilirubinemia results from retention of conjugated pigment, but total plasma concentrations rarely exceeds 4 to 5 mg/dl. Serum transaminase levels are normal to moderately elevated but seldom exceed 250 U/L Disorder AST (SGOT) U/L Biliirubin (mg/dl) Cholestasis of pregnancy Upto 200 1-5 Acute fatty liver of pregna... | A |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Therapeutic drug monitoring is required for: March 2010\nChoices:\nA. Sulfonamides\nB. Metformin\nC. Cycloserine\nD. Gentamycin\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppe... | Ans. D: Gentamycin
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which of the following is not true about Brugada syndrome\nChoices:\nA. SCN5A defect\nB. Asymptomatic ST segment elevation\nC. Sudden death\nD. Pacemaker is the treatment of choice\n</Question>\nAt the end presen... | Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a genetic disorder in which the electrical activity within the hea is abnormal. It increases the risk of abnormal hea rhythms and sudden cardiac death. Diagnosis is typically by electrocardiogram (ECG), however, the abnormalities may not be consistently present. About a quaer of those with Bru... | D |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Following extraction of the impacted mandibular canine, which involved the use of micromotor, the patient developed severe pain and ecchymosis as seen in the color plate. What can be the cause?\nChoices:\nA. Post... | The information provided in the question and image leads to diagnosis of post surgical ecchymosis. The main symptom of emphysema is a crepitus of the swollen tissues
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A young male, Farhan suffers from a seizure disorder which is characterized by tonic rigidity of limbs followed in 20-30 sec by tremors progressing to massive jerking of the body. This clonic phase lasts for 1–3 ... |
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A 40 year old man who met with a motor vehicle catastrophe came to the casualty hospital in an hour with severe maxillofacial trauma. His Pulse rate was 120/min, BP was 100/70 mm Hg, Sp02 - 80% with oxygen. What ... | Orotracheal intubation is recommended in patients with severe maxillofacial injury as patient saturation is falling . Tracheotomy is indicated in severe facial trauma but orotracheal intubation under modern intubation techniques using fibre optic assistance is being preferred over tracheostomy.
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Abatacept is -\nChoices:\nA. TNF alpha inhibitor\nB. Inhibitor of co - stimulation of T cells\nC. IL - I receptor antagonist\nD. Monoclonal antibody against IL - 6 receptor\n</Question>\nAt the end present your a... | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Inhibitor of co-stimulation of T cells o Abatacept inhibits the co - stimulation of T cells by blocking CD28 - CD80/86 interactions and also inhibits the function of antigen presenting cells by reverse signalling through CD80 and CD 86.
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Base of Submental triangle is formed by\nChoices:\nA. Chin\nB. Omohyoid\nC. Hyoid\nD. Diagastric\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C, or D).",... | Boundaries of Sub Mental Triangle Apex - Symphysis Menti Base - Hyoid Bone On each side - Anterior belly of Digastric Content - Sub Mental nodes Floor - Mylohyoid
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A 80-year-old woman is brought by her daughter due to progressive forgetfulness over the past few years. She often forgets the way home and cannot remember the right words. She also has problem in multi-tasking. ... | This patient most likely has Alzheimer's disease. In advanced disease atrophy is most pronounced in temporoparietal lobes and hippocampus. Several genes play an impoant role in the pathogenesis of AD. One is the APP gene on chromosome 21. Presenilin-1 (PSEN-1) is on chromosome 14. Presenilin-2 The Apo e4 allele confers... | B |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>In starvation, brain utilizes glucose preferentially but not in liver becausea) Low km value of hexokinaseb) Low km glucokinasec) High km glucokinased) High blood flow\nChoices:\nA. ac\nB. bc\nC. ad\nD. b\n</Ques... | Glucokinase has high Km value, i.e. low affinity for glucose. That means glucokinase acts only when glucose concentration is high (as in absorptive/fed state). It is dormant when glucose concentration is low (as in postabsorptive -fasting state). Liver contains glucokinase, therefore it cannot utilize glucose in starva... | A |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which of the following is caused by defective transport of tryptophan -\nChoices:\nA. Hartnup disease\nB. Maple syrup urine disease\nC. Alkaptonuria\nD. Phenylketonuria\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answe... | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Hartnup disease Hartnup diseaseo It is an inherited disorder in the metabolism of tryptophan.o It is due to defective transport of tryptophan and other neutral amino acids in the intestine and kidney,o This results in deficiency of tryptophan leading to decreased synthesis of niacin and serotonin,o Th... | A |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A 30 year old pregnant woman presents to a physician with painful oral ulcers. Physical examination demonstrates widespread erosions of her mucous membranes. Close examination reveals a friable mucosa, but no wel... | This is pemphigus vulgaris, in which autoantibody directed against transmembrane cadherin adhesion molecules induced acantholysis (breakdown of epithelial cell-cell connections) with resulting intraepidermal blister formation. It may develop spontaneously or following triggers such as drugs (thiols, penicillamine), phy... | D |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Van-Nuys classification does not include which of the following?\nChoices:\nA. Patients age\nB. Size of tumor\nC. Presence of microcalcification\nD. Her-2-neu receptor status\n</Question>\nAt the end present your... | Van Nuy's prognostic index (VNPI) was designed for DCIS patients, to determine which patients do not required radiotherapy after tumour resection. Size of tumour Width of margins Age of patient Grade Microcalcification (mnemonic: - micro SWAG)
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>All the following are true about osteoporosis except\nChoices:\nA. There is bending of long bones\nB. There is hypercalcemia\nC. There is veebral compression fractures\nD. Milkman's fracture\n</Question>\nAt the ... | Bending of bones and milkman's fracture is very much related to osteomalacia but they are also seen in osteoporosis. Whereas veebral compression fracture is related to osteoporosis but also seen in osteomalaciaOsteoporosis OOsteoporosis is defined as a reduction of bone mass (or density) or the presence of a fragility ... | B |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Best investigation for pericardial effusion is -\nChoices:\nA. MRI\nB. CT\nC. X ray\nD. Echocardiography\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C, ... | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Echocardiography Investigations o Investiation of choice to identify individual cardiac chamber enlargement - 2D-echocardiography. o Inv estigation of choice for pericardial effusion - 2D-echocardiography. o Investigation of choice for valvular heart disease - 2D-echocardiography. o Investigation of c... | D |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A 50 years old man has a 2 year history of facial bullae & oral ulcers. Microscopic smear from skin lesions is most likely to disclose – a) Tzanck cellsb) Acantholytic cellsc) Necrosisd) Koilocytosis\nChoices:\nA... | Facial bulla and oral ulcers (mucosal involvement) in a 50 years man suggest the diagnosis ofpemphigus vulgaris. The smear from the lesions will show ancantholytic cells also referred to as Tzank cells, which are separated keratinocytes.
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>The flap not used to reconstruct Breast is\nChoices:\nA. Transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap\nB. Latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap\nC. Pectoralis major myocutoneous flap\nD. Transversus rectus abdomini... | Ans. (c) Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap(Ref: Bailey 26th /e p. 816, Sabiston 20th edition 867)Flaps used to reconstruct Breast:* Transverse rectum abdominis flap (Pedicled or Free flaps)* Latissimus Dorsi flap* Gluteal flap* Ruben's flap* Thoraco epigastric flap* Lateral thigh flap
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Triplex DNA is clue to\nChoices:\nA. Hoogsteen Pairing\nB. Palindromic sequences\nC. Large no. of guanosine repeats\nD. PolypYrimidine tracts\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer>... | Triple- stranded DNA- forms hydrogen bonds with another surface of the double helix through called Hoogsteenpairs.
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>In micturition reflex, the first change to occur is _______\nChoices:\nA. Trigone relaxation\nB. Detrusor contraction\nC. Relaxation of perineal muscles\nD. Decreased urethral pressure\n</Question>\nAt the end pr... | One of the initial events is the relaxation of the muscles of the pelvic floor, and this may cause a sufficient downward tug on the detrusor muscle to initiate its contraction. Micturition Reflex Micturition is fundamentally a spinal reflex facilitated and inhibited by higher brain centers and is subject to voluntary f... | C |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which passive movement causes pain in deep posterior compament syndrome ?\nChoices:\nA. Foot abduction\nB. Dorsi flexion of foot\nC. Plantar flexion of foot\nD. Foot adduction\n</Question>\nAt the end present you... | Passive stretching of the muscles produce pain in compament syndrome and hence, dorsiflexion of foot (a) causes pain. Posterior compament of leg is concerned with plantar flexion of foot, and is supplied by the tibial nerve and posterior tibial vessels. Compament syndrome is caused by increased pressure in an enclosed ... | B |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Most common side efiect of mifepristone\nChoices:\nA. Fever\nB. Headache\nC. Diarrhea\nD. Rash\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C, or D).",
... | Mifepristone (RU 485) It is a 19 norsteroid with potent antiprogestational and significant antiglucocoicoid and antiandrogenic actitity.It is used in termination of pregnancy, cervical ripening postcoital contraceptive, once a month contraceptive, in induction of labour and to treat cushing's syndrome.Commonly repoed s... | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>The first number in the instrument formula indicates\nChoices:\nA. Length of the blade in centimeters\nB. 1/10th of the width\nC. angulation of the blade in degrees\nD. primary cutting edge angle\n</Question>\nAt... |
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Cells responsible for GVHD is ?\nChoices:\nA. Immunocompetent T cell donor\nB. Immunocompetent T Cell recipient\nC. Immunocompetent B cell donor\nD. Immunocompetent B cell donor\n</Question>\nAt the end present y... | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Immunocompetent T-cell donor Graft- versus-host disease (GVHD) :? GVHD occurs when immunologically competent cells (T cells) or their precursors are transplanted into immunologically crippled recipients, and the transferred cells recognize alloantigens in the host and attack host tissues. Most commonl... | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Preterm baby with PDA, which is the least likely findings?\nChoices:\nA. CO2 washout\nB. Bounding pulses\nC. Pulmonary hemorrhage\nD. Necrotising enterocolitis\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <ans... | Ans. is 'a' i.e., CO2 washout PDA in preterm neonate o In previous explanations I have explained that chances of spontaneous closure of PDA are higher in premature infants as there is no structural abnormality. However, you should keep in mind that this fact is true when we are comparing the spontaneous closure of PDA ... | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which is not a function of PHC-\nChoices:\nA. Medical care\nB. Referral services\nC. Advanced Laboratory services\nD. MCH\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase ... | Functions of PHC includes ; - medical care - MCH - Safe water and sanitation - health education - referral services - training of health guide, health workers - basic laboratory services Reference : Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no;905 <\p>
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>All of the following are analytical epidemiological studies except-\nChoices:\nA. Coho study\nB. Case - control study\nC. Ecological study\nD. Field trial\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> ... | Analytical studies include: Ecological or correlational-with populations as a unit of study Cross-sectional or prevalence-with individuals as a unit of study Case-control or case reference-with individual as a unit of study Coho or followup-with individual as a unit of study (refer pg no:62 park 23rd edition)
<answer>(... | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Fluoride helps in ?\nChoices:\nA. Vision\nB. Dentition\nC. Myelination\nD. Joint stability\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C, or D).",
"... | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Dentition
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Privileged communication among the following are all except -\nChoices:\nA. In cou of law when asked by judge\nB. Information on communicable diseases\nC. In case of suspected crime\nD. Bus driver suffering from ... | PRIVILEGED COMMUNICATION : It is a statement made bonafide upon any subject matter, by a doctor to the concerned authority, due to his duty to protect the interests of the community or the state. To be privileged, communication must be made to a person having an interest in it, or in reference of which he has duty. If ... | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which of the following is the most appropriate drug used for chelation therapy in beta thalassemia major?\nChoices:\nA. Oral desferoxamine\nB. Oral deferiprone\nC. Intramuscular EDTA\nD. Oral Succimerq\n</Questio... | Deferiprone is a recently introduced orally active iron chelator which has simplified the treatment of transfusion siderosis in thalassemia patients. Oral desferrioxamine is poorly absorbed when given orally so not preferred in the oral route. Oral Deferiprone is a less effective alternative to injected desferrioxamine... | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A 15-year-old vegetarian being treated for tuberculosis develops peripheral neuropathy. choose the one most appropriate vitamin or trace element replacement therapy to treat the described condition.\nChoices:\nA.... | Treatment for tuberculosis usually includes the medication isoniazid (INH), and INH competitively inhibits pyridoxine utilization. In most children, this does not result in clinical manifestations, but in individuals with a poor dietary intake of pyridoxine (eg, teenagers, vegetarians, and exclusively breast-fed infant... | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A 1 cm coin lesion is seen on chest X-ray in the right upper lobe. FNAC shows adenocarcinoma. Appropriate management is:\nChoices:\nA. Excision and observation\nB. Excision and chemotherapy\nC. Neoadjuvant chemot... | Ans: A (Excision and observation) Ref: Schwartzs Principles of Surgery, 9th Edition & Sabiston Textbook of Surgery, 19th EditionExplanation:"Early stage lung cancer (Stages l and II) may successfully he Heated with surgery alone and, in most patients, yields long-term survival rates." {Ref: Sabi st on)Principles of Man... | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which of the following is not a sign of successful stellate ganglion block –\nChoices:\nA. Nasal stuffness\nB. Guttman sign\nC. Homer's syndrome\nD. Bradycardia\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <an... | Signs of successful stellate ganglion block :- Horner's syndrome, flushing of face, conjuctival congestion, nasal stuffiness (Guttman's sign), injection of tympanic membrane (Mueller's syndrome), increased skin temprature, lacrimation.
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Indication of caesarean section after previous caesarean section is?\nChoices:\nA. Hypertension\nB. Type 1 placenta previa\nC. CPD\nD. Multigravida\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </a... | ANSWER: (C) CPDREF: Dutta 6th ed page 589See previous question for explanation
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Cribriform hymen is seen -\nChoices:\nA. Post paum\nB. Septate hymen\nC. Sieve hymen\nD. Virgin\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C, or D).",
... | Ref: Textbook of Forensic medicine and toxicology (V.V.Pillay) 17th edition, page no.354 Hymen is a thin fold of connective tissue, covered by mucous membranes, about 1 mm in overall thickness, situated at the vaginal orifice. They are of different types. cribriform is one of them, characterized by many small holes. As... | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Gram-positive bacteria stain during Gram staining\nChoices:\nA. Blue\nB. Red\nC. Violet\nD. Green\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C, or D)."... | Gram-positive bacteria have a thick mesh-like cell wall made of peptidoglycan, and as a result are stained purple by crystal violet, whereas gram-negative bacteria have a thinner layer, so do not retain the purple stain and are counter-stained pink by safranin or carbol fuchsin. Ref : Ananthanarayana textbook of Microb... | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>In Medullary Carcinoma thyroid Tumour marker is?\nChoices:\nA. TSH\nB. Calcitonin\nC. T3, T4 and TSH\nD. Alpha Feto protein\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercas... | Ans is B ie calcitonin Schwaz Surgery writes ? The presence of amyloid is a diagnostic finding, but immunohistochemistry for calcitonin is more commonly used as a diagnostic tumor marker. These tumors also stain positive for CEA (Carcinoembryonic antigen) and CGRP (Calcitonin gene-related peptide)"
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Normal PCV value is?\nChoices:\nA. 30-35%\nB. 40-45%\nC. 50-55%\nD. 60-65%\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C, or D).",
"role": "user"
... | Ans. is 'b' i.e. 40-45% * Normal values are about 45% for men and about 42% for women.Hematocrit or Packed cell volume (PCV)* It is the proportion of blood volume that is occupied by red blood cells.* A decrease in the number or size of red cells also decreases the amount of space they occupy, resulting in lower hemato... | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Oral Hairy Leukoplakia is associated with:\nChoices:\nA. HIV\nB. HPV\nC. EBV\nD. CMV\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C, or D).",
"role":... | EBV
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Choose the best Lab value for a patient with central diabetes insipidus\nChoices:\nA. Urinary Osmolality - 50, Serum Osmolality - 300\nB. Urinary Osmolality - 500, Serum Osmolality - 260\nC. Urinary Osmolality - ... | Diabetes insipidus is the reverse of SIADH, here the ADH level is decreased which leads to excessive water loss from the kidney resulting in hypertonic plasma associated with dilute urine.
It can be
- Central → (due to impaired secretion of ADH from the neurohypophysis)
- Nephrogenic → (due to renal insensitivit... | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Puttiplat operation is done for ?\nChoices:\nA. Elbow instability\nB. Shoulder instability\nC. Rotator cuff tear\nD. Biceps Tendinitis\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using ... | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Shoulder instability
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>The function of a reservoir in a sprue is to avoid:\nChoices:\nA. Localised shrinkage porosity\nB. Microporosity\nC. Generalised porosity\nD. None of the above\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <ans... |
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>In trauma patient safe airway maneuver is:\nChoices:\nA. Chin lift.\nB. Head tilt.\nC. Jaw thrust\nD. Both A& C\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A,... | Chin lift and jaw thrust don't lead to neck movement hence safe in trauma patient.
Among both the process jaw thrust is safest.
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Posterior w all of axilla is formed by -\nChoices:\nA. Pectoralis major\nB. Subclavius\nC. Subscapularis\nD. Intercostal muscles\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an upp... | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Subscapularis Axilla (armpit)o The axilla is a pyramidal space situated between the upper part of the arm and the chest wall. It resembles a four sided pyramid, and has following : (i) an apex (ii) a base (iii) four walls (anterior, posterior, medial and lateral).Anterior (pectoral) wall Formed by (i)... | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Earliest sign of OSMF:\nChoices:\nA. Burning sensation\nB. Blanching\nC. Restricted mouth opening.\nD. Circum oral bands.\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase ... | Earliest complaint : burning sensation
Earliest sign : blanching
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>In abdominal pregnancy, the pathognomonlc sign is:\nChoices:\nA. Jacquemier\nB. Chadwick\nC. Puskacek\nD. Weinberg\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter ... | Weinberg
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Congo red staining of abdominal fat has confirmed a diagnosis of Amyloidosis in a 28-year-old man. Which is the most common cause of death in primary AL Amylodosis?\nChoices:\nA. Respiratory failure\nB. Cardiac f... | Cardiac failure is the most common cause of death in primary or AL amyloidosis. Cardiac involvement is seen in 40% of patients with AL amyloidosis. Amyloid involvement of myocardium, intramural coronary aeries and conduction system may cause congestive hea failure, ischemic syndrome and rythm disturbances. Diagnosis of... | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>The nerve roots blocked in pudendal nerve block is:\nChoices:\nA. L1,2,3\nB. L2,3\nC. S2,3,4\nD. S4\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C, or D)... | Pudendal nerve block:
Pudendal nerve arises from: S2, S3, S4 and therefore pudendal nerve block - will block S2, S3, S4, nerve roots.
It is used for perineal analgesia and relaxation.
Anaesthesia used is 20 ml of 1% lignocaine.
Route: Transvaginal and perineal route.
Site: Pudendal nerve is blocked just above the tip ... | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which of the following is the earliest clinical sign of Vit A deficiency?\nChoices:\nA. Bitot's spot\nB. Corneal xerosis\nC. Conjunctival xerosis\nD. Keratomalacia\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in ... | The ocular manifestation of Vit A deficiency includes night blindness, conjunctival xerosis, Bitot's spot, corneal xerosis and keratomalacia. Extra ocular manifestation of Vit A deficiency includes follicular hyperkeratosis, anorexia and growth retardation. Ref: Park, 21st Edition, Page 568.
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Source of ATP in RBC&;s is\nChoices:\nA. Beta oxidation of fatty acids\nB. TCA cycle\nC. Anaerobic glycolysis\nD. Gluconeogenesis\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an up... | Glycolysis is the only source of energy in erythrocytes. During anaerobic (oxygen deficient) condition, when one molecule of glucose is conveed to 2 molecules of lactate, there is a net yield of 2 molecules of ATP. 4 molecules of ATP are synthesized by the 2 substrate level phosphorylations (steps 6 and 9). But 2 molec... | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>All are true regarding hallucinations, except: AIIMS 09\nChoices:\nA. Represents a state of inner mind's spatial orientation\nB. Independent of the observer\nC. Under voluntary control\nD. Perception which occurs... | Ans. Under voluntary control
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>All of the following are true about V. cholerae 0139 except:\nChoices:\nA. Clinical manifestations are similar to 01 El tor\nB. First discovered in Chennai\nC. Produces 0139 lipopolysaccharide\nD. Epidemiological... | Ans. (b) First discoverd in Chennai Guy's before solving this question, you must understand the epidemiology of cholera. Vibrio cholerae I 01 Type Non 01 (NAG) Classical El tor 0139 Bengal (Responsible for first six (Responsible for - Proposed agent pandemic of cholera) seventh pandemic) for 8th pandemic infuture In 19... | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A 26 year old female patient complains of discoloration between her upper front teeth. Intra-oral examination reveals proximal caries between upper right and left central incisors extending lingually. Which techn... | Inverted Pen Grasp - The finger positions of the inverted pen grasp are the same as for the modified pen grasp. The hand is rotated, however, so that the palm faces more toward the operator. This grasp is used mostly for tooth preparations employing the lingual approach on anterior teeth.
Ref: Sturdevant's art and scie... | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Elevated ESR is seen in following conditions except:\nChoices:\nA. Polymyositis rheumatica\nB. Multiple myeloma\nC. Temporal aeritis\nD. Polycythemia rubra\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer>... | Polycythemia rubra: Elevated hemoglobin level and hematocrit: due to increased number of red blood cells * Platelet count or white blood cell count may also be increased. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is decreased due to an increase in zeta potential. Low erythropoietin (EPO) levels.
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A 7 year old boy presented with generalized edema. Urine examination revealed marked albuminuria. Serum biochemical examinations showed hypoalbuminemia with hyperlipidemia. Kidney biopsy was undeaken. On light mi... | The child is presenting with features likely of Nephrotic syndrome whose most frequent cause in children is minimal change disease or lipoid nephrosis or nil disease Light microscopy there is no abnormality whereas on electron microscopy there is fusion of foot processes of the glomerular epithelial cells with normal g... | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>First PM change in a dead body:-\nChoices:\nA. Maggot formation\nB. Putrefaction\nC. Greenish discoloration of right iliac fossa\nD. Mummification\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </an... | First postmoem change in dead body is greenish discoloration of right iliac fossa * It's because of presence of caecum * Its first external site of putrefaction (Right Iliac Fossa) | H2S + Hb - sulf. Hb - green. * 1st internal site - Intima of aoic lumen (Reddish brown discoloration) * Most imp. bacteria involved in pu... | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>One of the following statements about succinylcholine is true:\nChoices:\nA. It may induce life threatening hyperkalemia\nB. It has a long duration of action\nC. It is the drug of choice in non traumatic rhabdomy... | SCh is the shoest and fastest acting muscle relaxant. SCh is contra-indicated in patients with nerve or muscle disorders due to the risk of hyperkalemia. Sch also increases all the pressures in body like intraocular, intracranial, blood pressure, so has to be avoided in patients with such precipitating conditions. Ther... | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Finding on histopathological examination in liver in case of malaria is -\nChoices:\nA. Microabscess formation\nB. Kupffer's cell hyperplasia with macrophage infiltration around peripoal area laden with pigments\... | Ans. is 'b' i.e. Kupffer's cell hyperplasia with macrophage infiltration around peripoal area laden with pigments o In severe infections with plasmodium falciparum, the vital organs are packed with erythrocytes containing mature form of the parasite. o There is abundant intra and extraerythrocytic pigment and organs su... | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>All true the trigone of the urinary bladder except\nChoices:\nA. Mucosa is loosely associated to the underlying musculature\nB. Mucosa is smooth\nC. It is lined by transitional epithelium\nD. It is derived from t... | The trigone is a smooth triangular region of the internal urinary bladder formed by the two ureteral orifices and the internal urithral orifice.The area is very sensitive to expansion and once stretched to a ceain degree, the urinary bladder signals the brain of its need to empty. The signals become stronger as the bla... | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>The most common site of intestinal abstruction in gallstone ileus is\nChoices:\nA. Duodenum\nB. Jejunum\nC. Ileum\nD. Sigmoid colon\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an ... | .GALLSTONE ILEUS is a type of acute intestinal obstruction, often seen in elderly and is due to blockage by a bolus or mass of gallstones which commonly enter the intestine through cholecystoduodenal fistula or rarely through cholecystointestinal or -gastric fistulas .Gallstones in the gallbladder | Cholecystitis | Sup... | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Increased calories required during pregnancy is (in kcal/ day): March 2004\nChoices:\nA. 350\nB. 550\nC. 600\nD. 800\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase lette... | Ans. A i.e. 350
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>True for Vi polysaccharide vaccine\nChoices:\nA. Local side effects are common\nB. Severe systemic side effect\nC. Contra indicated in HIV\nD. Can be given with other vaccines like Hepatitis B & Yellow fever\n</Q... | Vi polysaccharide vaccine can be given with other vaccines like Hepatitis B & Yellow fever. Option 1, 2, 3, 4 -Typhim Vi is a subunit vaccine containing the cell surface Vi polysaccharide extracted from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, S. typhi Ty2 strain. -Typhim Vi vaccine is indicated for active immunization again... | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Composition of soda lime includes all except -\nChoices:\nA. NaOH\nB. KOH\nC. Ca (OH)2\nD. Mg (OH)2\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C, or D)... | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Mg (OH)2 Soda limeo Most commonly used CO2 absorbent. The composition of Soda lime is: -Ca(OH)2-94%NaOH-5% (Catalyst)KOH-<1%Silica-To prevent dust formationIndicator Moisture Granule size-4-8 mesho 100 gm of sodalime can absorb upto 23 litres of CO2. Now a days a good quality sodalime with prolonged l... | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>The sympathetic fibres of uterus are derived from which segments of veibrae ?\nChoices:\nA. T12 - L1\nB. T11 - L2\nC. T1 - S2\nD. T12 - L2\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> us... | Sympathetic nerves from T12, LI segment of spinal cord produce uterine contraction and vasoconstriction. The parasympathetic nerves (S2, S3, S4) produce uterine inhibition and vasodilatation. Ref : B D Chaurasia's Human Anatomy , seventh edition , volume 2 , pg.no., 422.
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Karyotyping of the foetus may be done from all of the following except -\nChoices:\nA. Lymphocyte\nB. Monocyte\nC. Amniocyte\nD. Fibroblast\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> u... | Although human chromosome may be visualized (karyotyping) in any growing tissue such as bone marrow, skin, fibroblast, amniotic fluid cells or chorionic villus; they are most conveniently studied in peripheral blood lymphocytes.
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Growth hormone has its effect on growth through?\nChoices:\nA. Directly\nB. IG1-1\nC. Thyroxine\nD. Intranuclear receptors\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase... | Ans. is 'b' i.e., IGI-1GH has two major functions :-i) Growth of skeletal system :- The growth is mediated by somatomedins (IGF). Increased deposition of cailage (including chondroitin sulfate) and bone with increased proliferation of chondrocytes and osteocytes.ii) Metabolic effects :- Most of the metabolic effects ar... | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>WHO recommended dose of misoprostol I'm the treatment of post paum hemorrhage\nChoices:\nA. 400 mcg oral\nB. 600 mcg sublingual\nC. 800 mcg sublingual\nD. 1000 mcg oral\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answe... | Refer WHO recommendations for prevention and treatment of PPH 2012 Oxytocin is drug of choice for treatment and we'll as prevention of post paum hemorrhage Alternative are ergometrine, fixed dose combination of Oxytocin and ergometrine and misopristol Misopristol is recommended as 600 mg orally for prevention of PPH an... | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>The following feature is common to both cytotoxic T cells and NK cells?\nChoices:\nA. Synthesizes antibodies\nB. Require antibodies to be present for action\nC. Effective against virus infected cells\nD. Recogniz... | Common to both cytotoxic T cells and NK cells is affectivity against virus-infected cellsNK cells:1st line of defense against virus-laden cells and neoplastic cellsCytotoxicity is not MHC restricted Cytotoxic T cells:They are antigen-specific T cells whose function is to produce antigen-specific lysis of target cells b... | C |
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