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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy%20Kelly
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Randy Kelly
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Randy Cameron Kelly (born August 2, 1950) is an American politician and the former mayor of Saint Paul, Minnesota. He is a member of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL).
Born in the small town of Rolette, North Dakota, Kelly and his family later moved to Saint Paul, where he graduated from Harding High School, and the University of Minnesota.
Service in the Minnesota Legislature
Kelly served in the Minnesota Senate from 1991 to 2002, representing District 67 (covering most of Saint Paul's East Side), and in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1983 to 1991, representing districts 66B and, after redistricting, 67A. While in the legislature, he worked to reform Minnesota's criminal justice system, including creating a statewide criminal gang strike force, developing a four-year law enforcement degree, authoring many of the existing crime-victim and witness laws, and worked towards requiring sexual offender registration and community notification.
Kelly served as chair (2001) and a member of the Senate Transportation Committee, and was also a member of the Crime Prevention, Finance, and Telecommunications & Energy & Utilities committees. He was also a member of the Public Safety Budget Division subcommittee. Previously, in the Minnesota House, he had served as chair of the House Judiciary Committee from 1987 to 1991.
Mayor of Saint Paul
Kelly was the mayor of Saint Paul, Minnesota from January, 2002 through January, 2006. He won the office in 2001 by just 403 votes in a tight race with Jay Benanav, a city councilman.
As mayor, he was noted for his efforts to increase the minimum wage and create and retain high-paying jobs.
During Kelly's term in office, his political views and several appointments generated controversy.
In 2004, he rankled fellow Democrats by endorsing and campaigning for President George W. Bush's re-election. According to critics, his conservative views, which may have been intended to garner support from Republicans and independents, undermined his constituent base in the Democratic Party. An unsuccessful grassroots campaign to recall him was launched shortly after his announcement in support of Bush's re-election effort.
In 2005, one of Kelly's appointees, Sia Lo, head of the criminal division of the city attorney's office, was reported to be at the center of an investigation into alleged corruption in a city development deal which focused on a new Hmong funeral home on the city's West Side. Lo was never charged.
2005 mayoral race
Kelly sought reelection in 2005 and narrowly avoided being dropped from the ballot in the September primary. Fellow DFLer Chris Coleman finished in first place with 52% of the vote, Kelly at 27%, and the Green Party candidate, Elizabeth Dickinson, at 20%. The top two finishers went on to the November general election, in which Coleman defeated Kelly 69% to 31%. This was only the third loss by an incumbent Saint Paul mayor, as well as the greatest percentage loss on record for an incumbent mayor in the city's history.
In the aftermath of the election, it was suggested that Kelly's endorsement of President Bush the previous fall was a factor in his loss to Coleman.
Post-mayoral activities
In late 2006, Kelly was named Deputy Associate Administrator for Intergovernmental Relations for the Environmental Protection Agency by President Bush. At the EPA, his duties included managing relations with governors, state legislators, mayors, county executives and other state and local officials, as well as working with the national associations representing these officials. In the position, he also served as the liaison to the White House Office of Intergovernmental Affairs. He remained in this position until early 2009.
He continues to reside on Saint Paul's East Side with his wife and family. Kelly's youngest son, Reed Kelly, competed on season 29 of Survivor on CBS with his boyfriend Josh Canfield.
Notes
External links
1950 births
Living people
Mayors of Saint Paul, Minnesota
Minnesota state senators
Minnesota Democrats
People from Rolette County, North Dakota
21st-century American politicians
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556405
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Lou%20Finlay
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Mary Lou Finlay
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Mary Lou Finlay (born 1947) is a Canadian radio and television journalist, best known for hosting various programs on CBC Radio and CBC Television.
Finlay graduated from the University of Ottawa in 1967 with a BA in English and French literature. For three years she did writing and researching for the Canadian War Museum before her leap to journalism when she began hosting a CBC Ottawa television magazine.
In 1975, Finlay moved to Toronto to co-host CBC Television's Take 30. She hosted her own program, Finlay and Company, in 1976 and 1977 and developed a loyal following. In 1978 she moved to CTV to co-host and produce the award-winning Live It Up!.
In 1981 she became co-host with Barbara Frum of CBC Television's nightly current affairs program, The Journal. After the program's first year, Frum remained as sole host and Finlay became a documentary reporter, remaining with the program until 1988. In that year she became host of CBC Radio's current affairs program Sunday Morning, where she remained until the spring of 1994. From 1994 to 1997, she hosted Now The Details, CBC Radio's weekly media watchdog program.
Finlay became co-host with Barbara Budd of As It Happens on September 1, 1997, having to cover the death of Diana, Princess of Wales on her first day. She retired following her last appearance on November 30, 2005, which was a tribute show for Finlay celebrating her years with the CBC.
In 2008, she released The As It Happens Files: Radio That May Contain Nuts (Knopf Canada), a book of reminiscences of her time on the show.
She was a pilot, and flew small planes, as she revealed in an on-air interview with test pilot Chuck Yeager on As It Happens.
Finlay is now a fellow with the Centre for the Study of Democracy at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario.
Awards
Martin Goodman Nieman Fellowship at Harvard University.
LL.D(hon), Dalhousie University.
Meritas Tabaret award, University of Ottawa.
References
External links
Audio interview re: The As It Happens Files (December 2008)
1947 births
Living people
Harvard University people
Canadian television news anchors
Canadian radio news anchors
Canadian television reporters and correspondents
University of Ottawa alumni
Canadian talk radio hosts
CBC Radio hosts
Canadian women radio journalists
Canadian women television journalists
Canadian women radio hosts
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10193848
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hideaway%20%281995%20film%29
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Hideaway (1995 film)
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Hideaway is a 1995 American horror film directed by Brett Leonard. It is based on the 1992 novel of the same name by Dean Koontz, and stars Jeff Goldblum, Christine Lahti, Alicia Silverstone, Jeremy Sisto, Alfred Molina and Rae Dawn Chong.
In the film, Goldblum plays a man who dies in a car accident, only to be revived two hours later. After being revived, he experiences frightening visions. He begins to understand that he has become psychically connected to a serial killer, and that by cutting himself, he can actually induce the visions and see through the killer's eyes. However, the vision works both ways, and the killer can also see through his eyes.
Hideaway was released by TriStar Pictures on March 3, 1995. Critical reception was largely negative, and the film was not a financial success.
Plot
After killing his mother and sister and ritualistically arranging their bodies as a sacrifice to Satan, a Devil worshipper recites the Lords Prayer backwards as it is written on the wall in a room filled with candles and Satanic imagery. He then commits suicide by throwing himself onto an athame in an attempt to ensure that he is eternally damned. What follows next is a near-death experience where the clinically dead killer flies through tunnels of light, eventually arriving at a gaping, tentacle-like being of light who, after flashing through scenes of the recent brutal murders, darkens and casts the killer's soul down into Hell.
Hatch Harrison is driving home from his family's lakeside cabin with his wife Lindsay, and daughter Regina. They collide with a truck and, after Regina manages to escape, the car plummets down a ravine into a fast-flowing river. Lindsay believes she watched her husband die.
At the hospital, Hatch is revived by Dr. Jonas Nyebern, who runs a specialist resuscitation team. During the procedure, a nurse warns Dr. Nyebern about bringing back a patient who has been gone for so long, saying "We both remember what happened last time." While he is on the operating table, Hatch experiences visions of the same tunnels of light as the killer, but upon arriving for judgment is slowly floated into a surreal heavenly scene, where he sees his young daughter Samantha who died years before in a car accident. Hatch then enters Heaven and is merged into the light of a great angel.
Hatch begins to experience disturbing visions while he sleeps which involve him seemingly murdering young women, when in fact he is actually seeing through the eyes of the real killer. As the killer looks down at his young blonde victim dead in shrubs at the side of a road, Hatch sees the same vision; in his vision the young blonde woman becomes his daughter Regina. The killer, who can also see through the eyes of Hatch, sees Regina.
Hatch realizes that the murders are actually happening when the women he sees in his visions are announced as missing in news reports. Regina sneaks out the house to meet some friends and they go to a dingy alternative night club, where the killer also happens to be. He recognizes Regina from his vision and introduces himself as "Vassago". Regina's friends interrupt and tell Vassago to leave them alone. Hatch, asleep at home, sees all this happening in his visions.
The next day, Hatch accuses Regina of being at the night club, which she denies. Hatch scares Regina as he attempts to warn her about Vassago. He is told that he is experiencing mental problems by his family, his psychiatrist, and the police. He visits a psychic who confirms his beliefs and tells him that he is tied to Vassago by a "coincidence of fate", and that Vassago is also seeing through Hatch's eyes. Vassago sees this and then visits the psychic at her home and kills her.
Hatch discovers that Vassago's real name is Jeremy Nyebern, and is the son of Dr. Nyebern. He confronts Dr. Nyebern, who explains that Jeremy is psychotic and that after murdering his mother and sister and attempting suicide, was revived by his resuscitation team. Jeremy kidnaps Regina and takes her to his hideaway beneath an abandoned amusement park where he has been building a "monument to hell". He ties Regina up at the top. Nyebern finds Jeremy and tries to talk him down, but Jeremy kills him. Hatch and Lindsay find them, and the souls of Hatch and Jeremy collide in a battle of good vs evil. Hatch (revealing himself to Vassago as "Uriel," Vassago's antithesis) is the victor, killing Vassago and saving Regina. With his family safe, he exits the park with them.
A post-credits scene shows Jeremy being pulled in to be revived. Jeremy wakes up, reaches for a scalpel on the medical table, and slits a nurse's throat. Hatch wakes up in his bed, realizing he was only dreaming. However, it could also be interpreted as Jeremy's resuscitation after his attempted suicide, and the "remember what happened last time" incident that the nurse mentioned in the operating room. Hatch and Lindsay laugh and go back to sleep.
Cast
Jeff Goldblum as Hatch Harrison / Uriel
Christine Lahti as Lindsey Harrison
Alicia Silverstone as Regina Harrison
Jeremy Sisto as Vassago / Jeremy Nyebern
Alfred Molina as Dr. Jonas Nyebern
Rae Dawn Chong as Rose Orwetto
Kenneth Welsh as Detective Breech
Production
Filming took place in 1994 in Britannia Beach, British Columbia, Canada. Vassago's hideaway was constructed in the abandoned Britannia Mine.
Reception
The film received negative reviews from critics, with Rotten Tomatoes reporting that 12 out of the 15 reviews they tallied were negative for a score of 20% and a certification of "rotten".Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle gave the film a poor review, but stated that Goldblum's performance "makes a tedious film intermittently tolerable." Film critic/historian Leonard Maltin characterized the movie as a "bomb" and added, "This goes nowhere for nearly two interminable hours." Roger Ebert of The Chicago Sun-Times gave the film a rare positive review, 3 stars out of a possible 4. He characterized it as a standard fare horror film that accomplishes its modest goals via good performances by a talented cast. He wrote: "Look, I'm not saying this is a great movie, or even a distinguished one. I'm saying: You want horror, you want psychic abandon, you want Rae Dawn Chong reading Jeff Goldblum's Tarot cards and not liking what she sees, you see this movie, you get your money's worth."
Koontz was reportedly dissatisfied with the film. According to Rita Kempley of The Washington Post, "Koontz hates the movie so much he tried to force TriStar to remove his name from the credits." In addition, according to the San Francisco Chronicle's Walter Addiego, Koontz was so dissatisfied with Hideaway that he would only allow a film adaptation of his novel Phantoms to be made if he was allowed to approve the final version of the film.
On his own website, Koontz states that pre-production of the film was promising under Mike Medavoy, who wanted to preserve Koontz's vision for the story and ordered a rewrite of the first script at Koontz's request. However, Medavoy was removed from the film and new production staff did not communicate with Koontz about the finished film, which departed drastically from his novel. Koontz ultimately resorted to legal means to get his name removed from the title of the film and from major advertising, but was unable to get his name removed from the credits. He also writes that he sent several letters to the Japanese CEO of the parent company of Universal/MCA, which had the rights to the film, requesting that his name be removed.
Box office
Hideaway made $12,201,255 at the US and Canadian box office and $14 million internationally for a worldwide gross of $26.2 million.
References
External links
1995 films
1995 horror films
1990s English-language films
1990s serial killer films
American films
American horror films
American serial killer films
Films about child abduction
Films about Satanism
Films about telepathy
Films based on American horror novels
Films based on works by Dean Koontz
Films directed by Brett Leonard
Films scored by Trevor Jones
Films set in Washington (state)
Films shot in British Columbia
Films with screenplays by Andrew Kevin Walker
Matricide in fiction
Near-death experiences in fiction
Patricide in fiction
Sororicide in fiction
TriStar Pictures films
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44310135
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good%20for%20Nothing%20%282011%20film%29
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Good for Nothing (2011 film)
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Good for Nothing is a 2011 New Zealand-made Western film starring Inge Rademeyer and Cohen Holloway, and directed by Mike Wallis. The film along with director Mike Wallis has been included in Leonard Maltin’s ‘Fifty Notable Debut Features of the Past Twenty Years’ list in The New York Times bestseller – Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide. The film premiered at the Santa Barbara Film Festival on 29 January 2011.
Plot
Isabella Montgomery, a proper English woman, must go to her uncle's ranch in the American West after the death of her father. While being escorted to the ranch by workers from the ranch, she is kidnapped by an outlaw. The outlaw tries to rape her but experiences erectile dysfunction and goes into town, leaving Isabella tied up. The outlaw is unsuccessful in finding a solution for his problem, so after shooting several people, he discovers Isabella has escaped and come into town, and leaves with her. The townspeople assumed because of her tattered clothes that Isabella was a prostitute. A posse is formed to capture the outlaw and Isabella, with a bonus for capturing Isabella. The outlaw visits a Chinese mining camp and a Native American medicine man. Over time, the outlaw and Isabella develop feelings for each other. The posse catches up to them, but their leader dies in a shootout, the outlaw has disappeared, and the others decide they won't get paid and decide to rape Isabella. The outlaw comes out of hiding and shoots the others and delivers Isabella to her destination.
Cast
Cohen Holloway as The Man
Inge Rademeyer as Isabella Montgomery
Jon Pheloung as The Sheriff
Toa Waaka as Native American medicine man
Reception
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 56% approval rating based on 17 reviews, with an average ranking of 5.6/10. On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 56 out of a 100 based on 6 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".
Andy Webster of The New York Times called the movie "a slender movie of humble, welcome charms", and said first-time director Mike Wallis used the scenery of New Zealand to "maximum advantage". He pointed out that while the movie appears to promise romance, it is not "predictable".
Michael Rechtshaffen of The Hollywood Reporter said it was "a promising first feature effort" that was like "a Kiwi spaghetti western filtered through the offbeat sensibilities of early Sam Raimi or the Coen brothers".
John Anderson from Variety said it has "a tone so deadpan it becomes laugh-out-loud funny" and it is "a winning balance of humor and pluck". He criticized its US release by saying that "Proper positioning might have won the film a better theatrical shot, and perhaps even a cult following. But a robust afterlife should follow its limited opening".
According to Nick Pinkerton of The Village Voice, "Good for Nothing has a nice comic sense of the brushfire eruptions of Western violence".
Not everyone felt the same about the film. Sam Adams of The A.V. Club wrote "The film's antipodean locales provide plenty of uncharted territory, vast expanses of untamed land that offer endless opportunity but little guidance. A man could get lost out there, and Wallis does".
Identical view was from Chuck Bowen of Slant Magazine who added that "The title is apropos, but it's also an understatement".
References
External links
See also
Cinema of New Zealand
2011 films
2011 Western (genre) films
Films shot in New Zealand
New Zealand films
New Zealand Western (genre) films
English-language films
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28470249
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Arcadian%20Kicks
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The Arcadian Kicks
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The Arcadian Kicks were an indie rock band from Kinver in South Staffordshire (near Stourbridge), who formed in 2006. They have described their sound as "Spectoresque, Fleetwood Mac, Led Zeppelin... a bit of light shoegaze and Yeah Yeah Yeahs mixed up". They finished recording their debut album, Making Lovers, in 2010.
History
The band formed in early 2006 when the bandmates were studying for GCSEs at Edgecliff High School in Kinver. They are co-managed by Ian Light and Jon Brookes, the drummer of The Charlatans. Brookes was a judge at the Surface Unsigned battle of the bands that they took part in, and after watching another of their gigs he offered to manage them.
In 2009/10, they recorded their self-financed debut album at Vale Studios in Worcestershire in a two-week session; it was produced and mixed by Mike Chapman who produced records for Blondie, and who came across their music on MySpace. They plan to record with Chapman again in January 2011. They released their single "19 Days" in August 2010. They write their songs collectively. Wilson and Pennington later broke off from the group and founded Ekkah, producing post-Disco 1980s R&B.
Performances
They run and regularly play at the Syndicate Club Night at The Sound Bar in Birmingham (originally at Bash Bar and then the Sunflower Lounge). In September 2008 they played at KerrangFest (part of ArtsFest) in Birmingham, and in November 2009 they played live on BBC WM Introducing. In 2010 they performed at T in the Park on the BBC Introducing stage, the Wychwood Festival, Napa Live in Ayia Napa, and made their third appearance at the Isle of Wight Festival. They played KerrangFest again in September 2010.
Reception
Artrocker called them "a fairly tradional angst-pop band, boosted by some unexpected sax solos, ... soulful hollering, [and] some interestingly growly guitars." Reviewing them live in 2008, they said that they "play rattle and roll with a Zeppelin style commitment to excellent musicianship. Many of their tunes start out sounding traditional, morph into a psychedelic middle sections, then come out growling like werewolves at the other end." Glasswerk said of "19 Days" that "the track appears to remain on one level, seemingly lacking any conviction from the musicians who are behind it... other tracks ... far outshine '19 Days'." "19 Days" has been played on BBC Radio 2 by Radcliffe & Maconie and Bob Harris. Popped Music said of "Black and White" that "you have a sound that is altogether quite different from your average indie band."
References
External links
The Arcadian Kicks on Myspace
The Arcadian Kicks on Reverbnation
English indie rock groups
Musical groups established in 2006
Musical groups from Birmingham, West Midlands
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54217622
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alastor%20nitens
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Alastor nitens
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Alastor nitens is a species of wasp in the family Vespidae.
References
nitens
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43837997
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland%20Conway
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Roland Conway
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Roland James Conway (born James Edward Wayland; 1882 – 16 June 1960) was an Australian actor and producer best known for his work in silent films of the era. In the 1930s, he was president of the Actors' Federation of Australasia.
In 1927, he married Australia tennis player Floris St. George, who played at the 1922 Australian Open. She died age 83 in February 1968.
Select filmography
For the Term of His Natural Life (1908)
Strike (1912)
Gambler's Gold (1912)
The Shepherd of the Southern Cross (1914)
Australia's Peril (1917)
The Woman Suffers (1918)
Robbery Under Arms (1920)
Know Thy Child (1921)
Painted Daughters (1925)
The Romance of Runnibede (1928)
Select theatre credits
The Silence of Dean Maitland (1915)
The Worst Woman in London (1917)
The Evil Men Do (1917)
References
External links
Australian theatre credits at AusStage
Australian male silent film actors
1882 births
1960 deaths
Date of birth missing
20th-century Australian male actors
People from Maitland, New South Wales
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13013251
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Justice%20Council
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National Justice Council
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The National Justice Council ( ) is an organ of the Brazilian Judicial System created in 2004 by a Constitutional Amendment, as a part of the Judicial Reform. The 15-member Council was established in 2004 by the 45th Amendment to the Constitution of Brazil. Among its responsibilities are ensuring that the judicial system remains autonomous, conducting disciplinary proceedings against members of the Judiciary, and compiling and publishing statistics on the Brazilian court system. The President of the Council is the President of the Supreme Federal Court.
References
External links
Official website
Judiciary of Brazil
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28383808
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BCpli
|
Nüpli
|
Nüpli () is a village in Otepää Parish, Valga County in southeastern Estonia. It has a population of 128 (as of 7 February 2008).
See also
Lake Nüpli
References
Villages in Valga County
Kreis Dorpat
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12473037
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar-bellied%20pitta
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Bar-bellied pitta
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The bar-bellied pitta (Hydrornis elliotii) is a species of bird in the family Pittidae. It is found in Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is seasonal tropical forest.
Gallery
References
bar-bellied pitta
Birds of Laos
Birds of Cambodia
Birds of Vietnam
bar-bellied pitta
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
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29292486
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%20Had%20District
|
Al Had District
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Al Had District is a district of the Lahij Governorate, Yemen. As of 2003, the district had a population of 53,159 inhabitants.
References
Districts of Lahij Governorate
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33043790
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murg%20%28Southern%20Black%20Forest%29
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Murg (Southern Black Forest)
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The Murg or Hauensteiner Murg is a river and right tributary of the High Rhine in the district of Waldshut in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. The Murg reaches the Rhine at the municipality of Murg.
See also
List of rivers of Baden-Württemberg
References
Rivers of Baden-Württemberg
Rivers of the Black Forest
Rivers of Germany
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54276898
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%20Prime%20Minister%20Cup
|
2017 Prime Minister Cup
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The 2017 Prime Minister Cup was the first edition of the Prime Minister One Day Cup featuring eight teams. Nepal Police Club and Tribhuwan Army Club were announced as joint winners as the final went to no result due to rain.
Teams
Eastern Development Region
Central Development Region
Western Development Region
Mid-Western Development Region
Far Western Development Region
Nepal Police Club
Tribhuwan Army Club
Armed Police Force Club
Group Stage
Group A
Group B
Semi-finals
Final
References
External links
Series home at ESPN Cricinfo
Nepalese domestic cricket competitions
Cricket in Nepal
Limited overs cricket
2017 in cricket
2017 in Nepalese cricket
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2357555
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20Houston
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Jean Houston
|
Jean Houston (born 10 May 1937) is an American author involved in the human potential movement. Along with her husband, Robert Masters, she co-founded the Foundation for Mind Research.
Biography
Early life and education
Houston was born in New York City to Mary Todaro Houston who was of Sicilian descent, and Jack Houston who was related to Sam Houston of Texas. Her father was a comedy writer who developed material for stage, television and the movies, including for comedians Bob Hope and George Burns. His work required him, and the family, to move frequently. After the breakup of her parents' marriage, she spent her teen years in New York City.
Houston attended Barnard College in New York City in the class of 1958.
She subsequently earned a Ph.D. in psychology from [Union Graduate School]] and a Ph.D. in religion from the Graduate Theological Foundation.
Career
While participating in a US Government sanctioned research project on the effects of LSD, Houston became acquainted with Robert Masters, a writer and researcher into the varieties of human behavior and potentials. They married in 1965 and soon became known for their work in the human potential movement. Together they conducted research into the interdependence of body, mind, and spirit at the Foundation for Mind Research for 14 years.
The psychedelic experience research Houston and Masters conducted culminated in the 1966 publication of The Varieties of Psychedelic Experience. The U.S. government banned psychedelic research that same year. Their book on psychedelic studies detailed the expanded cognition and creativity participants experienced under the influence of LSD. After the research ban, Houston and Masters shifted their focus to exploring other ways of achieving altered states of consciousness without the use of drugs. Houston and Masters' 1972 book Mind Games detailed their findings that guided imagery and specific programs of bodily movement could reprogram the brain toward more integrated ways of experiencing the world. John Lennon called Mind Games "one of the two most important books of our time".
Houston taught at Marymount College, Tarrytown, from 1965 to 1972. She was a lecturer at Hunter College for less than a year in 1961. Her interest in anthropology brought about a close association with Margaret Mead, who lived with Houston and Masters for several years before her death in 1978.
In 1982, Houston began teaching a seminar based on the concept of "the ancient mystery schools". Houston explores the ancient idea of entelechy and proposes that individuals possess an innate potentiality which motivates their experience and actions. A technique she advocates for acknowledging and developing this inner spiritual self involves imagining the realization of one's potential in full embodied form in order to integrate it with one's present physical self.
Controversy
During the first term (1993–1997) of the Clinton administration, First Lady Hillary Clinton, while she was writing It Takes a Village (1996), invited Houston to work with her in the White House as an advisor. Houston facilitated a creative thinking, role-playing exercise wherein Clinton engaged in imaginary dialogues with Gandhi and Eleanor Roosevelt. Bob Woodward's book The Choice revealed this exercise publicly in 1996. After both the New York Post and the Daily News labeled Houston "Hillary's Guru" and the Boston Herald dubbed her the "First Lady's Spiritual Adviser", People reported that Houston had "suddenly found herself the hapless butt of a thousand gags". When the media subsequently "beat a path to her door", she was compelled to explain that "We were using an imaginative exercise to force her ideas, to think about how Eleanor would have responded to a particular problem", Houston said. "I have never been to a seance."
Selected writings
Mystical Dogs: Animals as Guides to our inner Life Inner Ocean Publishing (2002)
Jump Time: Shaping Your Future in a World of Radical Change Sentient Publications (2nd Ed. 2004)
The Passion of Isis and Osiris: A Union of Two Souls Wellspring/Ballantine (1998)
A Mythic Life: Learning to Live our Greater Story HarperSanFrancisco (1996)
Manual for the Peacemaker: An Iroquois Legend to Heal Self (with Margaret Rubin) Quest Books (1995)
Public Like a Frog: Entering the Lives of three Great Americans Quest Books (1993) ASIN B0026SIU0G
The Hero and the Goddess: The "Odyssey" as Mystery and Initiation Ballantine Books (1992)
Godseed: The Journey of Christ Quest Books (1988)
A Feminine Myth of Creation (with Diana Vandenberg, in Dutch) J.H. Gottmer (1988)
The Search for the Beloved: Journeys in Mythology and Sacred Psychology Tarcher (2nd Ed. 1997)
The Possible Human: A Course in Extending Your Physical, Mental, and Creative Abilities Tarcher (2nd. Ed. 1997)
Life Force: The Psycho-Historical Recovery of the Self Quest Books (2nd. ed. 1993)
With Robert Masters
Mind Games Doubleday (1972)
Listening to the Body: The Psychophysical Way to Health and Awareness Delta (1979)
The Varieties of Psychedelic Experience Park Street Press (2000 edition) (1966)
Film and television appearances
Nightline Face-Off: Does God Have a Future?" ABC Nightline program March 2010. With Deepak Chopra, Sam Harris, and Michael Shermer.
Oprah and Jean Houston on the Hero's Journey Super Soul Sunday (OWN TV), November 2012.
References
External links
Official website
1937 births
Living people
New Thought writers
American spiritual writers
Religious Science clergy
Writers from New York City
Hunter College faculty
Fordham University faculty
Barnard College alumni
Union Institute & University alumni
American non-fiction writers
American philosophers
American people of Italian descent
Nautilus Book Award winners
Graduate Theological Foundation alumni
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32590864
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervivientes%3A%20Perdidos%20en%20Nicaragua%20%282010%29
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Supervivientes: Perdidos en Nicaragua (2010)
|
Supervivientes 2010: Perdidos en Nicaragua, was the eleventh season of Survivor to air in Spain, and it was broadcast on Telecinco from May 6, 2010 to July 25, 2010. For the fifth consecutive year Jesus Vazquez acted as the main host, with Eva Gonzalez and Emma Garcia, acting as host of the special late night talk portion of the show. The main twist this season was that the contestants were both famous celebrities and regular citizens. As part of this twist, the "Anonymous", as the regular citizens were called, had to survive a public vote in order to live on the main island with the celebrities. This was the first time that non-celebrities took part in the program since "Aventura en Africa" back in 2005. Ultimately, it was María José Fernández, who won this season over fellow unknowns Deborah Arenas and Javier "Parri" Parrado.
Finishing order
Nominations
External links
http://www.telecinco.es/supervivientes/
Expedition Robinson
Spain 2010
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18860514
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tees%20Viaduct
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Tees Viaduct
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The A19 Tees Viaduct or Tees Flyover is a high level six-lane dual carriageway road bridge in the North East of England carrying the main A19 trunk road north–south across the River Tees.
The bridge is located between Middlesbrough and Stockton-on-Tees just north of the A19's interchange with the A66 trunk road and carries the north–south traffic through Teesside avoiding the main towns but is also used extensively by local traffic.
On the southern bank the bridge crosses the marshalling yard railway lines and the main Thornaby-Middlesbrough section of Tees Valley Line, the B6541 (Old A66/A67, Stockton Road) and the A66 road.
On the northern bank the bridge crosses the Teesdale Way long-distance cycle/footpath, Lustrum Beck, a service road, footpath (disused railway line) and the main roundabout on the Portrack Interchange.
Design
The viaduct is a beam or girder bridge.
It has reinforced concrete piers and pier bends supporting steel-plate girder beams and a composite deck with some 200 moving parts.
The viaduct is 2.9 km long
and 1.95 km between abutments and was at the time the largest such bridge in the British Isles.
It has 68 spans on the main north south route—the largest span being that over the river at 117 m.
The bridge was designed with sufficient clearance to allow ships to pass, although the port of Stockton-on-Tees up-river was virtually redundant by then. Since the Tees Newport Bridge had its lifting deck permanently fixed in the down position in 1990, large shipping can no longer reach the Tees viaduct, further reducing the need for such a high structure.
Construction
The bridge was built between 1973 and 1975 encompassing the 'Three-Day Week' and that may account for some of its subsequent problems.
Operation and maintenance
The viaduct was opened in November 1975.
The bridge has had problems with corrosion since it was opened and repairs have been necessary at times.
Expansion joints cracked allowing de-icing salts to wash from the bridge carriageway into the piers, cross beams and columns giving rise to extensive chloride attack.
It was then decided the best solution was the complete demolition and reconstruction of most of the piers and repair of others.
The bridge was originally constructed with two-lane carriageways and a concrete apron up to the parapet but this was expanded to three lanes.
From 1988 to 1989 the underside of the bridge was enclosed with a steel and GRP panelling structure to protect the primary structure from the effects of weather and to allow safe and easy inspection and maintenance.
The A19 including the Tees Viaduct is operated by Autolink Concessionaires (A19) Limited, a consortium comprising Sir Robert McAlpine, Taylor Woodrow and Amey under a thirty-year DBFO (Design Build Finance Operate) agreement with the Highways Agency running from 1997 to 2027.
The bridge carried an average of 112,000 vehicles a day in 2016 and concerns that the capacity of the road is being exceeded at peak times has led to a study detailing the proposals for a new crossing. Because of this CCTV cameras were installed on the bridge to record incident related congestion and to enable a quicker response.
Starting in 1997 the approach roads to the bridge were widened from two lanes to three.
A detailed principal inspection report in 2006 concluded that the Tees Viaduct overall is in fair condition.
Image gallery
References
External links
Bridges on the Tyne
.
Bridges in County Durham
Bridges in North Yorkshire
Crossings of the River Tees
Buildings and structures in Middlesbrough
Bridges completed in 1975
Transport in Middlesbrough
Buildings and structures in the Borough of Stockton-on-Tees
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51448592
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline%20of%20the%20Soviet%20Union
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Outline of the Soviet Union
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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Soviet Union:
Soviet Union – was a socialist state on the Eurasian continent that existed from 1922 to 1991. A union of multiple subnational Soviet republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. The Soviet Union was a one-party state, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital. It was a major ally during World War II, a main participant in the Cold War, and it grew in power to become one of the world's two superpowers (the other being the United States). The Soviet Union collapsed in 1991.
General reference
Common English country name(s): Soviet Union
Official names of the Soviet Union
Official English country name: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
Nicknames
"Ash Heap of History" (coined by Ronald Reagan)
"Evil Empire" (coined by Ronald Reagan)
Common endonym(s):
Official endonym(s):
Adjectival(s):
Demonym(s):
Geography of the Soviet Union
Geography of the Soviet Union
The Soviet Union was a: country
Population of the Soviet Union:
Area of the Soviet Union:
Atlas of the Soviet Union
Location
Soviet Union was situated within the following regions:
Eurasia
Europe
Eastern Europe
Asia
North Asia
Time zone(s):
Extreme points of the Soviet Union
Environment of the Soviet Union
Environment of the Soviet Union
Climate of the Soviet Union
Ecology of the Soviet Union
Ecoregions in the Soviet Union
Renewable energy in the Soviet Union
Geology of the Soviet Union
Natural geographic features of the Soviet Union
Landforms of the Soviet Union
Bodies of water of the Soviet Union
Caspian Sea
Lakes of the Soviet Union
Islands of the Soviet Union
Mountains of the Soviet Union
Caucasus Mountains
Ural Mountains
Rivers of the Soviet Union
Waterfalls of the Soviet Union
Valleys of the Soviet Union
West Siberian Plain
World Heritage Sites in the Soviet Union
Regions of the Soviet Union
Regions of the Soviet Union
Caspian Sea
Caucasus Mountains
European Russia
North Caucasus
Siberia
Ural Mountains
West Siberian Plain
Ecoregions of the Soviet Union
Ecoregions in the Soviet Union
Administrative divisions of the Soviet Union
Subdivisions of the Soviet Union
Republics of the Soviet Union
Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union
Oblasts of the Soviet Union
Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union
Autonomous okrugs
Closed city
List of closed cities
Capital of the Soviet Union: Capital of the Soviet Union
Demography of the Soviet Union
Demographics of the Soviet Union
Soviet people
Languages of the Soviet Union
Religion in the Soviet Union
Crime in the Soviet Union
1989 Soviet Census
Government and politics of the Soviet Union
Politics of the Soviet Union
Form of government: One-party state
Capital of the Soviet Union: Capital of the Soviet Union
Elections in the Soviet Union
Ideologies of the Soviet Union
Political ideologies of the Soviet Union
Ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
State ideology of the Soviet Union
Marxism–Leninism
Leninism
Brezhnevism
Repression in the Soviet Union
Ideological repression in the Soviet Union
Ideological repression in the Soviet Union
Religion in the Soviet Union
Suppressed research in the Soviet Union
Censorship in the Soviet Union
Censorship of images in the Soviet Union
Political repression in the Soviet Union
Political repression in the Soviet Union
Red Terror
Collectivization in the Soviet Union
Great Purge
Population transfer in the Soviet Union
Gulag
List of Gulag camps
Holodomor
Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union
Political parties of the Soviet Union
Political parties in the Soviet Union
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Organization of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Branches of the government of the Soviet Union
Government of the Soviet Union
Collective leadership in the Soviet Union
Governmental bodies
Congress of Soviets
Supreme Soviet
Congress of People's Deputies
Supreme Court of the Soviet UnionSubdivisions of the Soviet Union
Executive branch of the government of the Soviet Union
Head of state: President of the Soviet Union,
Presidential Council of the Soviet Union (1990)
State Council of the Soviet Union (1991)
Head of government: Premier of the Soviet Union,
List of leaders of the Soviet Union
Collective leadership in the Soviet Union
List of Governments of the Soviet Union
Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union
First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union
Cabinet of the Soviet Union
Soviet security services
Soviet security services
Cheka
State Political Directorate
NKVD
Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia)
Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
KGB
Legislative branch of the government of the Soviet Union
Parliament of the Soviet Union (bicameral)
Upper house: Soviet of Nationalities
Lower house: Soviet of the Union
Judicial branch of the government of the Soviet Union
Court system of the Soviet Union
Supreme Court of the Soviet Union
Foreign relations of the Soviet Union
Foreign relations of the Soviet Union
Brezhnev Doctrine
Passport system in the Soviet Union
Law and order in the Soviet Union
Law of the Soviet Union
Capital punishment in the Soviet Union
Constitution of the Soviet Union
Crime in the Soviet Union
Human rights in the Soviet Union
LGBT rights in the Soviet Union
Military of the Soviet Union
Military of the Soviet Union
Command
Commander-in-chief:
Ministry of Defence of the Soviet Union
Forces
Army of the Soviet Union
Navy of the Soviet Union
Air Force of the Soviet Union
Special forces of the Soviet Union
Military history of the Soviet Union
Military ranks of the Soviet Union
Local government in the Soviet Union
Local government in the Soviet Union
General history of the Soviet Union
History of the Soviet Union
General history of the Soviet Union, by period
History of the Soviet Union
Russian Revolution (1917)
February Revolution
October Revolution
Russian Civil War
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Treaty on the Creation of the USSR
New Economic Policy
Stalinism
Great Purge
Soviet Union in World War II
Cold War
Khrushchev Thaw
1965 Soviet economic reform
Era of Stagnation
Perestroika
Glasnost
Revolutions of 1989
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
Nostalgia for the Soviet Union
Post-Soviet states
Cold War II
History of the Soviet Union, by year
1922 in the Soviet Union
1923 in the Soviet Union
1924 in the Soviet Union
1925 in the Soviet Union
1926 in the Soviet Union
1927 in the Soviet Union
1928 in the Soviet Union
1929 in the Soviet Union
1930 in the Soviet Union
1931 in the Soviet Union
1932 in the Soviet Union
1933 in the Soviet Union
1934 in the Soviet Union
1935 in the Soviet Union
1936 in the Soviet Union
1937 in the Soviet Union
1938 in the Soviet Union
1939 in the Soviet Union
1940 in the Soviet Union
1941 in the Soviet Union
1942 in the Soviet Union
1943 in the Soviet Union
1944 in the Soviet Union
1945 in the Soviet Union
1946 in the Soviet Union
1947 in the Soviet Union
1948 in the Soviet Union
1949 in the Soviet Union
1950 in the Soviet Union
1951 in the Soviet Union
1952 in the Soviet Union
1953 in the Soviet Union
1954 in the Soviet Union
1955 in the Soviet Union
1956 in the Soviet Union
1957 in the Soviet Union
1958 in the Soviet Union
1959 in the Soviet Union
1960 in the Soviet Union
1961 in the Soviet Union
1962 in the Soviet Union
1963 in the Soviet Union
1964 in the Soviet Union
1965 in the Soviet Union
1966 in the Soviet Union
1967 in the Soviet Union
1968 in the Soviet Union
1969 in the Soviet Union
1970 in the Soviet Union
1971 in the Soviet Union
1972 in the Soviet Union
1973 in the Soviet Union
1974 in the Soviet Union
1975 in the Soviet Union
1976 in the Soviet Union
1977 in the Soviet Union
1978 in the Soviet Union
1979 in the Soviet Union
1980 in the Soviet Union
1981 in the Soviet Union
1982 in the Soviet Union
1983 in the Soviet Union
1984 in the Soviet Union
1985 in the Soviet Union
1986 in the Soviet Union
1987 in the Soviet Union
1988 in the Soviet Union
1989 in the Soviet Union
1990 in the Soviet Union
1991 in the Soviet Union
History of the Soviet Union, by region
History of the Soviet Union, by subject
Economic history of the Soviet Union
History of the Jews in the Soviet Union
Military history of the Soviet Union
Culture of the Soviet Union
Culture of the Soviet Union
Architecture of the Soviet Union
Constructivist architecture
Stalinist architecture
Fashion in the Soviet Union
Languages of the Soviet Union
Media in the Soviet Union
Propaganda in the Soviet Union
People of the Soviet Union
Public holidays in the Soviet Union
World Heritage Sites in the Soviet Union
Art in the Soviet Union
Cinema of the Soviet Union
Dance in the Soviet Union
Russian ballet
Soviet ballroom dances
Literature of the Soviet Union
Music of the Soviet Union
Soviet opera
Television in the Soviet Union
Languages of the Soviet Union
Languages of the Soviet Union
Linguistics of the Soviet Union
Religion in the Soviet Union
Religion in the Soviet Union
Christianity in the Soviet Union
Islam in the Soviet Union
Judaism in the Soviet Union
Sports in the Soviet Union
Sports in the Soviet Union
Soviet Union at the Olympics
Football in the Soviet Union
Symbols of the Soviet Union
State Anthem of the Soviet Union
State Emblem of the Soviet Union
Emblems of the Soviet Republics
Flag of the Soviet Union
Flags of the Soviet Republics
Economy and infrastructure of the Soviet Union
Economy of the Soviet Union
Economic rank (by nominal GDP):
Agriculture in the Soviet Union
Banking in the Soviet Union
Gosbank
Communications in the Soviet Union
Radio in the Soviet Union
Internet in the Soviet Union
.su
Currency of the Soviet Union: Soviet ruble
Five-year plans of the Soviet Union
Economic history of the Soviet Union
Energy in the Soviet Union
Energy policy of the Soviet Union
Soviet inventions
Timeline of Russian innovation#Soviet Union
Net material product
Transport in the Soviet Union
Airports in the Soviet Union
Rail transport in the Soviet Union
Roads in the Soviet Union
Water supply and sanitation in the Soviet Union
Education in the Soviet Union
Education in the Soviet Union
Health in the Soviet Union
Science and technology in the Soviet Union
Science organizations in the Soviet Union
Communist Academy
Russian Academy of Sciences#The Academy of Sciences of the USSR
USSR Academy of Medical Sciences
Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences
USSR Academy of Pedagogical Sciences
Sharashkas
Naukograds
See also
Outline of Russia
Soviet society
Soviet people
Soviet working class
Politics
Opposition (politics)
Soviet dissidents and their groups
:Category:Soviet opposition groups
References
External links
Impressions of Soviet Russia, by John Dewey.
Documents and other forms of media from the Soviet Union: 1917–1991.
A Country Study: Soviet Union (Former)
Soviet Union Exhibit at Global Museum on Communism with essay by Richard Pipes
the Soviet Union
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43204541
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurie%20Etheridge
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Laurie Etheridge
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Laurie Etheridge (born 12 September 1948 in Pulborough, England) is a former motorcycle speedway rider in National League (speedway).
His first attempt at speedway, in 1963, was thwarted when his bike was stolen and he did not resume the sport until 1966.
In 1967, he signed for Exeter Falcons and managed three appearances for them in that season.
His career really started the following year, when he was signed up for Hackney Hawks by Len Silver and their partner team Rayleigh Rockets. A good season for Rayleigh resulted in a full-time contract for Hackney.
He was a Crayford regular for 8 years, achieving nearly 300 league and cup appearances as a Kestrel. Crayford held a Testimonial Season for Etheridge in 1982,
Notable performances:
England v Russia (1974)
National League Riders Champion (1975)
National League series GB v Denmark (1978) - there was also a series against Australia
National League Four Team Tournament (1980)
Testimonial Year Crayford Kestrels v England (1982)
In the 1975 National League Riders Championship at Wimbledon, the final race was between him and Brian Collins (speedway rider) where Collins came off in the first lap and Etheridge rode a solitary four laps to be crowned champion.
Etheridge was in the side when Crayford won their only trophy, the 1980 National League Four-Team Championship, however due to machine troubles he didn't start a race in the final of the tournament.
His last race was at Newcastle for Canterbury in 1983.
Post-speedway, he worked in Industrial Plumbing and Central Heating.
He lives in West Sussex with his wife, Denise, and they have two married daughters and four grandchildren.
References
External links
http://www.speedwayatoz.co.uk/laurieetheridge.html|season records
http://wwosbackup.proboards.com/thread/494|teams and meetings
http://www.crayfordkestrels.co.uk/?page_id=10
http://hackneyreunion.com/Hackney-team-riders-1935-1996|names of riders 1935-1996
1948 births
English motorcycle racers
British speedway riders
Exeter Falcons riders
Rayleigh Rockets riders
Canterbury Crusaders riders
Crayford Kestrels riders
Hackney Hawks riders
Sheffield Tigers riders
Coventry Bees riders
Living people
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16068665
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominic%20Chatto
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Dominic Chatto
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Dominic Chatto Bashir Jamilu (born 7 December 1985) is a retired Nigerian football midfielder. He has played three times in Nigerian youth teams.
Club career
Chatto was born in Kaduna, Nigeria. Chatto started playing football in the age of six. He developed into one of the most talented players of his region and was always chosen to lead his team as a captain. Chatto learned to play football in Pepsi Football Academy in Nigeria. Before moving to Nigerian Premier League and Heartland FC he trained also in Highlanders Football Academy. In the league he succeeded so well that, in 2005, he was given a tryout in Blackburn Rovers. Eventually, he did not get a work permit, because he had not played in 70 percent of national team matches. Despite this, Blackburn and Mark Hughes wanted to sign a contract and send Chatto to Cercle Brugge for a loan. Chatto refused to go to Brugge, because he would have had to wait three months to get a playing right for the Belgium league. After England, he visited Dynamo Kyiv and Brøndby IF, but did not get a contract offer. He chose to go back to Nigeria and wait for new offers from European clubs.
Inter Turku
His professional career in Europe started in 2007, when Finnish Veikkausliiga club FC Inter Turku signed him. In his first season, he was voted as the third-best player in the league and was called up to the Nigerian under-23 national team. After the season, he signed a new year-long contract with the Turku-based club. In the 2008 season, Chatto was linked with a move to Slovakian FC Senec, Serbian FK Partizan and Red Star Belgrade. The owner of FC Inter refused to sell without a large transfer fee and Chatto stayed in the club. In the last match of the championship season Serie A club Atalanta B.C. was scouting Chatto. Some Russian league clubs were after him and also FC Inter offered him a new contract and was hoping to keep the player. After the season 2008, Chatto was voted for Veikkausliiga players' player of the season.
BK Häcken
In November 2008, Chatto signed a three-year contract with just promoted Swedish club BK Häcken. Häcken had to pay a transfer fee to AS Racine, which still owned his rights. The transfer negotiations started when former Finnish international Janne Saarinen contacted Chatto via Facebook.
Chatto scored a goal against IF Elfsborg in a pre-season friendly. In an interview before the Swedish season, Chatto said that Häcken were hoping for a survival in the premier division, but he hoped that they could reach a top-five place. And when the season was over, Chatto's wishes had come true, as Häcken finished in the fifth place in Allsvenskan
Ordabasy
In February 2016, Chatto signed a one-year contract with Kazakhstan Premier League side FC Ordabasy.
Falkenberg
On 10 March 2017, Chatto signed a two-year contract with Superettan side Falkenberg. On 19 December 2019, 34-year old Chatto announced his retirement.
He was brought back to Falkenberg in June 2021 as a scout and possible coach.
International career
He was called up for Nigerian squad for the Intercontinental Cup in Malaysia, but did not play in the team. Chatto was near to playing in the Olympic tournament in Beijing, but would have missed about ten matches with Inter and did not make the trip.
Career statistics
Honors
Club
Inter Turku
Veikkausliiga (1): 2008
Finnish League Cup (1): 2008
Individual
Veikkausliiga Best Player: 2008
References
External links
Profile at glimt.no
Profile at BK Häcken
Stats on Veikkausliiga.com
DailySun: Nigerian player on rampage in Finland
Pointer: Dominic Chatto
Video interview in InterView.fi
1985 births
Living people
Association football midfielders
Nigerian footballers
Nigerian expatriate footballers
FC Inter Turku players
BK Häcken players
Falkenbergs FF players
Veikkausliiga players
Heartland F.C. players
FK Bodø/Glimt players
FC Ordabasy players
Eliteserien players
Kazakhstan Premier League players
Allsvenskan players
Superettan players
Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Finland
Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan
Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Sweden
Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Norway
Expatriate footballers in Finland
Expatriate footballers in Sweden
Expatriate footballers in Norway
Expatriate footballers in Kazakhstan
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18451893
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Murphy%20%28pole%20vaulter%29
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Frank Murphy (pole vaulter)
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Frank Murphy (Frank Dwyer Murphy; September 21, 1889 – June 11, 1980) was an American track and field athlete who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics which were held in Stockholm and where he won a bronze medal in the pole vault event in a three-way tie with William Halpenny and Bertil Uggla. In the pole vault event, Uggla and Murphy failed to clear 3.85 Metres with Halpenny previously withdrawing after breaking two ribs in clearing 3.80 Metres.
He was born in East Chicago, Illinois and died in Urbana, Illinois.
References
External links
1889 births
1980 deaths
Track and field athletes from Chicago
American male pole vaulters
Athletes (track and field) at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in track and field
Medalists at the 1912 Summer Olympics
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69518098
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoreham%20Memorial%20Cross
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Shoreham Memorial Cross
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The Shoreham Memorial Cross is a Christian cross hill figure carved into a chalk escarpment above the village of Shoreham, Kent. The concept of the cross was the idea of a Shoreham man, Samuel Cheeseman, two of whose sons had been killed on active duty during the First World War. It was carved between May and September 1920 on land donated by Francis Mildmay who had also served in the war. In October 2021 Historic England designated the cross a scheduled monument.
History
The village of Shoreham is located in the Shoreham Valley, an area of undulating and wooded escarpments depicted by the artist Samuel Palmer in the 1820s. In 1920 Samuel Cheesman, a local resident, determined to carve out a cross on the hillside to the west of the village, to commemorate two of his sons and the other men forty-eight men of Shoreham who had been killed during the Great War. The site was donated by a local landowner, Francis Mildmay, who cut the first turf on Empire Day, 24 May 1920. The cross was complete by September 1920. On Remembrance Sunday Samuel Cheeseman would drag a small cannon to the cross and fire salvos to mark the beginning and the end of the Two-minute silence. In 1921 the official village war memorial was erected near the bridge over the River Darenth. The cross is referenced in the inscription on the war memorial, which reads; ‘SHOREHAM / KENT / REMEMBER / AS YOU LOOK / AT / THE CROSS / ON THE HILL / THOSE / WHO GAVE / THEIR LIVES / FOR / THEIR COUNTRY / 1914-1919’. By the early 21st century the sightline from the church to the cross had been blocked by trees, but the view was restored by felling in 2010.
Description
The cross is cut from the chalk hillside and surrounded by an edging of carved chalk blocks. It is 30m long and 18m wide, the left hand bar being slightly longer than the right to correct the perspective when viewed from the village. In 2021 Historic England designated the cross a scheduled monument. Its listing record describes the cross as "an eloquent witness to the tragic impact of world events on this local community" and notes its near-unique status as a "very rare surviving example of a hillside memorial cross".
Notes
References
Sources
Scheduled monuments in Kent
History of Kent
External links
War Memorials Online entry for Shoreham war memorial
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10926740
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst%20Dospel
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Ernst Dospel
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Ernst Dospel (born 8 October 1976 in Absdorf) is an Austrian football player who currently plays for Austrian non-league team SV Haitzendorf.
Club career
Dospel started his professional career at Austria Wien where he claimed a regular starting place for over 10 seasons. In summer 2006 he signed a halfyear contract with Sturm Graz only to move on to SV Pasching for the remainder of the 2006/2007 season. After a year at SV Ried he joined VfB Admira Wacker Mödling in summer 2008.
International career
He made his debut for Austria in a March 2000 friendly match against Sweden and went on to earn 19 caps, scoring no goals. His last international was an April 2005 friendly match against Scotland.
National team statistics
Honours
Austrian Football Bundesliga (2):
2003, 2006
Austrian Cup (3):
2003, 2005, 2006
References
External links
Player profile - Austria Archiv
Profile at Weltfussball.de
1976 births
Living people
People from Tulln District
Austrian footballers
Austria under-21 international footballers
Austria international footballers
FK Austria Wien players
SK Sturm Graz players
SV Ried players
FC Admira Wacker Mödling players
First Vienna FC players
Austrian Football Bundesliga players
Association football defenders
Sportspeople from Lower Austria
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32357924
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992%E2%80%9393%20Nationalliga%20A%20season
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1992–93 Nationalliga A season
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The 1992–93 Nationalliga A season was the 55th season of the Nationalliga A, the top level of ice hockey in Switzerland. 10 teams participated in the league, and EHC Kloten won the championship.
Regular season
Playoffs
Quarterfinals
EHC Kloten - EHC Biel 4:0
Game 1: EHCK-EHCB 8:1
Game 2: EHCB-EHCK 1:4
Game 3: EHCK-EHCB 6:2
Game 4: EHCB-EHCK 2:4
HC Lugano - EV Zug 4:1
Game 1: HCL-EVZ 3:2
Game 2: EVZ-HCL 0:3
Game 3: HCL-EVZ 2:1
Game 4: EVZ-HCL 4:2
Game 5: HCL-EVZ 4:0
SC Bern - HC Ambrì-Piotta 1:4
Game 1: SCB-HCAP 3:4
Game 2: HCAP-SCB 5:1
Game 3: SCB-HCAP 4:2
Game 4: HCAP-SCB 3:2
Game 5: SCB-HCAP 2:3
HC Fribourg-Gottéron - Zürcher SC 4:0
Game 1: HCFG-ZSC 4:3
Game 2: ZSC-HCFG 3:4
Game 3: HCFG-ZSC 8:4
Game 4: ZSC-HCFG 4:6
Semifinals
EHC Kloten - HC Lugano 3:1
Game 1: EHCK-HCL 1:3
Game 2: HCL-EHCK 1:2 SO
Game 3: EHCK-HCL 5:1
Game 4: HCL-EHCK 2:4
HC Fribourg-Gottéron - HC Ambrì-Piotta 3:1
Game 1: HCFG-HCAP 9:2
Game 2: HCAP-HCFG 2:6
Game 3: HCFG-HCAP 1:2
Game 4: HCAP-HCFG 2:4
Final
EHC Kloten - HC Fribourg-Gottéron 3:0
Game 1: EHCK-HCFG 4:2
Game 2: HCFG-EHCK 4:7
Game 3: EHCK-HCFG 4:2
Relegation
Round 1
HC Davos - EHC Bülach 4:0
Game 1: HCD-EHCB 6:5
Game 2: EHCB-HCD 1:8
Game 3: HCD-EHCB 9:0
Game 4: EHCB-HCD 1:3
EHC Chur - HC Martigny 4:1
Game 1: EHCC-HCM 5:0
Game 2: HCM-EHCC 7:5
Game 3: EHCC-HCM 4:1
Game 4: HCM-EHCC 4:8
Game 5: EHCC-HCM 7:2
EHC Olten - SC Herisau 4:0
Game 1: EHCO-SCH 5:4
Game 2: SCH-EHCO 2:3
Game 3: EHCO-SCH 4:1
Game 4: SCH-EHCO 3:4
HC Ajoie - SC Rapperswil-Jona 0:4
Game 1: HCA-SCRJ 4:6
Game 2: SCRJ-HCA 5:2
Game 3: HCA-SCRJ 3:4
Game 4: SCRJ-HCA 6:2
Round 2
HC Davos - EHC Chur 3:0
Game 1: HCD-EHCC 4:0
Game 2: EHCC-HCD 3:4
Game 3: HCD-EHCC 4:3
EHC Olten - SC Rapperswil-Jona 3:0
Game 1: EHCO-SCRJ 4:3
Game 2: SCRJ-EHCO 3:4
Game 3: EHCO-SCRJ 8:4
HC Davos and EHC Olten were promoted to the Nationalliga A. HC Ajoie and EHC Chur were relegated to the Nationalliga B.
External links
Championnat de Suisse 1992/93
1992–93 in Swiss ice hockey
Swiss
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37031143
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry%20of%20Justice%20and%20Public%20Order%20%28Cyprus%29
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Ministry of Justice and Public Order (Cyprus)
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The Ministry of Justice and Public Order of the Republic of Cyprus (, ) is one of the 11 ministries of the Republic of Cyprus, and is responsible for the close review and consideration of the need to reform existing legislation in fields such as criminal law, the administration of justice, family law, equality, human rights, and the treatment of offenders. Agencies such as the Cyprus Police and the Cyprus Prisons Department fall under the Ministry of Justice and Public Order.
The ministry was formed immediately after Cyprus gained independence (from the 1959 interim period to 1982) and was hosted in government buildings in Demosthenes Severis Avenue, known as Chief Colonial Secretary Office. In 1982, the ministry moved to Grivas Dighenis Avenue in a building opposite the Kykkos monastery dependency at Engomi, where it remained up to 1993. After it was renamed to the Ministry of Justice and Public Order in 1993, it moved to Heliopouleos Street in the building known as the Ellinas Clinic, where it remained up to the year 2000. Since then, it has moved to 125 Athalassas Avenue in Strovolos.
THe current Minister is Stephie Dracos, appointed by President Anastasiades on June 22 2021 following the resignation of Emily Yioltis.
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List of ministers
Glafkos Clerides (1959–1960)
Spiros Kyprianou (1960)
Stella Soulioti (1960–1970)
Georgios Ioannidis (1970–1972)
Christos Vakis (1972–1974)
Lefkos Clerides (1974–1975)
Georgios Ioannidis (1975–1978)
Petros Michailidis (1978–1980)
Andreas Dimitriadis (1980–1982)
Phobos Clerides (1982–1985)
Dimitris Liberas (1985–1988)
Christodoulos Chrysanthou (1988–1990)
Nikos Papaioannou (1990–1993)
Alekos Evangelou (1993–1996)
Georgios Stavrinakis (1996)
Alekos Evangelou (1996–1997)
Nikos Kassis (1997–2002)
Alekos Siabos (2002–2003)
Doros Theodorou (2003–2006)
Sofoklis Sofokleous (2006–2008)
Cyprus Chrysostomides (2008)
Antonis Paschalides (2008)
Luke Lucas (2008–2013)
Ionas Nikolaou (2013–2019)
George L. Savvides (2019–29 June 2020)
Emily Yiolitis (29 June 2020-17 June 2021)
Stephie Dracos (June 22 2021- Present)
See also
Cyprus Police
Cyprus Prisons Department
Justice ministry
Υπουργείο Δικαιοσύνης και Δημοσίας Τάξεως της Κύπρου (Ministry of Justice and Public Order of Cyprus)
Politics of Cyprus
References
External links
http://www.mjpo.gov.cy/mjpo/mjpo.nsf/dmlindex_gr/dmlindex_gr?OpenDocument
Justice
Law enforcement in Cyprus
Cyprus
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminism%20in%20India
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Feminism in India
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Feminism in India is a set of movements aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equal political, economic, and social rights and opportunities for women in India. It is the pursuit of women's rights within the society of India. Like their feminist counterparts all over the world, feminists in India seek gender equality: the right to work for equal wages, the right to equal access to health and education, and equal political rights. Indian feminists also have fought against culture-specific issues within India's patriarchal society, such as inheritance laws.
The history of feminism in India can be divided into three phases: the first phase, beginning in the mid-19th century, initiated when reformists began to speak in favour of women rights by making reforms in education, customs involving women; the second phase, from 1915 to Indian independence, when Gandhi incorporated women's movements into the Quit India movement and independent women's organisations began to emerge; and finally, the third phase, post-independence, which has focused on fair treatment of women at home after marriage, in the work force, and right to political parity.
Despite the progress made by Indian feminist movements, women living in modern India still face many issues of discrimination. India's patriarchal culture has made the process of gaining land-ownership rights and access to education challenging. In the past two decades, there has also emerged a trend of sex-selective abortion. To Indian feminists, these are seen as injustices worth struggling against and feminism is often misunderstood by Indians as female domination rather than equality.
As in the West, there has been some criticism of feminist movements in India. They have especially been criticised for focusing too much on privileged women, and neglecting the needs and representation of poorer or lower caste women. This has led to the creation of caste-specific feminist organisations and movements.
Definition in the Indian context
Women's role in pre-colonial social structures reveals that feminism was theorised differently in India than in the West. In India, women's issues first began to be addressed when the state commissioned a report on the status of women to a group of feminist researchers and activists. The report recognised the fact that in India, women were oppressed under a system of structural hierarchies and injustices. During this period, Indian feminists were influenced by the Western debates being conducted about violence against women. However, due to the difference in the historical and social culture of India, the debate in favour of Indian women had to be conducted creatively, and certain Western ideas had to be rejected. Women's issues began to gain an international prominence when the decade of 1975–1985 was declared the United Nations Decade for Women.
Indian feminists face certain obstacles in Indian society that are not present or as prevalent in Western society. While Indian feminists have the same ultimate goal as their Western counterparts, their version of feminism can differ in many ways in order to tackle the kind of issues and circumstances they face in the modern-day patriarchal society of India. Indian feminists attempt to challenge the patriarchal structure of their society in a variety of ways. Sampat Pal Devi is a former government worker and mother of five, who noticed domestic abuse and violence within her own community as she grew up in India. As a result, she decided to start a vigilant group known as the 'Gulabi Gang' who track down abusers and beat them with bamboo sticks until it is believed that they have repented and victims have been sufficiently avenged. In the area of religion, Indian feminists draw attention to the powerful image of female Goddesses in Hinduism. They also point out the matriarchal pre-history of Indian society and emphasise on the fact that there have been periods of Indian history that were not patriarchal and communities that were largely female-orientated and matriarchal, existed.
Indian women negotiate survival through an array of oppressive patriarchal family structures: age, ordinal status, relationship to men through family of origin, marriage and procreation, and patriarchal attributes. Examples of patriarchal attributes include dowry, siring sons etc., kinship, caste, community, village, market, and the state. It should, however, be noted that several communities in India, such as the Nairs of Kerala, Shettys of Mangalore, certain Marathi clans, and Bengali families, exhibit matriarchal tendencies. In these communities, the head of the family is the oldest woman, rather than the oldest man. Sikh culture is also regarded as relatively gender-neutral.
In India, of communities recognised in the national Constitution as Scheduled Tribes, "some ... [are] matriarchal and matrilineal" "and thus have been known to be more egalitarian." According to interviewer Anuj Kumar, Manipur, "has a matriarchal society", but this may not be a scholarly assessment. Manipur was ruled by strong dynasties and the need for expansions of borders, crushing any outsider threats, etc. engaged the men. So, women had to take charge of home-front.
The Quran explicitly states that men and women are equal in the eye of God. Furthermore, the Quran: forbids female infanticide (practised in the pre-Islamic Arabia and other parts of the world) and instructs Muslims to educate daughters as well as sons.
The heterogeneity of the Indian experience reveals that there are multiple patriarchies, contributing to the existence of multiple feminism. Hence, feminism in India is not a singular theoretical orientation; it has changed over time in relation to historical and cultural realities, levels of consciousness, perceptions and actions of individual women and women as a group. The widely used definition is "An awareness of women's oppression and exploitation in society, at work and within the family, and conscious action by women and men to change this situation." Acknowledging sexism in daily life and attempting to challenge and eliminate it through deconstructing mutually exclusive notions of femininity and masculinity as biologically determined categories opens the way towards an equitable society for both men and women.
The male and female dichotomy of polar opposites with the former oppressing the latter at all times is refuted in the Indian context because it was men who initiated social reform movements against various social evils. Patriarchy is just one of the hierarchies. Relational hierarchies between women within the same family are more adverse. Here women are pitted against one another. Not all women are powerless at all times.
There have been intense debates within the Indian women's movements about the relationship between Western and Indian feminism. Many Indian feminists simultaneously claim a specific "Indian" sensitivity as well as an international feminist solidarity with groups and individuals worldwide. The rise of liberal feminism in the West in the 1970s focused deeply on demands for equal opportunities in education and employment, as well as ending violence against women. To a large extent, the emerging feminist movement in India was influenced by Western ideals. These called for education and equal rights but also adapted their appeals to local issues and concerns, such as dowry-related violence against women, Sati, sex selective abortion, and custodial rape. Some Indian feminists have suggested that these issues are not specifically "Indian" in nature but rather a reflection of a wider trend of patriarchal oppression of women.
History
According to Maitrayee Chaudhuri, unlike the Western feminist movement, India's movement was initiated by men, and later joined by women. But feminism as an initiative started independently a little later in Maharashtra by pioneering sex of women's rights and education: Savitribai Phule, who started the first school for girls in India (1848); Tarabai Shinde, who wrote India's first feminist text Stri Purush Tulana (A Comparison Between Women and Men) in 1882; and Pandita Ramabai, who criticized patriarchy and caste-system in Hinduism, married outside her caste and converted to Christianity (1880s).
The efforts of Bengali reformers included abolishing sati, which was a widow's death by burning on her husband's funeral pyre, abolishing the custom of child marriage, abolishing the disfiguring of widows, introducing the marriage of upper caste Hindu widows, promoting women's education, obtaining legal rights for women to own property, and requiring the law to acknowledge women's status by granting them basic rights in matters such as adoption.
The 19th century was the period that saw a majority of women's issues which came under the spotlight and reforms began to be made. Much of the early reforms for Indian women were conducted by men. However, by the late 19th century they were joined in their efforts by their wives, sisters, daughters, protegees and other individuals directly affected by campaigns such as those carried out for women's education. By the late 20th century, women gained greater autonomy through the formation of independent women's own organisations. By the late thirties and forties a new narrative began to be constructed regarding "women's activism". This was newly researched and expanded with the vision to create 'logical' and organic links between feminism and Marxism, as well as with anti-communalism and anti-casteism, etc. The Constitution of India did guarantee "equality between the sexes", which created a relative lull in women's movements until the 1970s.
During the formative years of women's rights movements, the difference between the sexes was more or less taken for granted in that their roles, functions, aims and desires were different. As a result, they were not only to be reared differently but treated differently also. Over the course of time, this difference itself became a major reason for initiating women's movements. Early 19th century reformers argued that the difference between men and women was no reason for the subjection of women in society. However, later reformers were of the opinion that indeed it was this particular difference that subjugated women to their roles in society, for example, as mothers. Therefore, there was a need for the proper care of women's rights. With the formation of women's organisations and their own participation in campaigns, their roles as mothers was again stressed but in a different light: this time the argument was for women's rights to speech, education and emancipation. However, the image of women with the mother as a symbol underwent changes over time – from an emphasis on family to the creation of an archetypal mother figure, evoking deep, often atavistic images.
First phase: 1850–1915
The colonial venture into modernity brought concepts of democracy, equality and individual rights. The rise of the concept of nationalism and introspection of discriminatory practices brought about social reform movements related to caste and gender relations. This first phase of feminism in India was initiated by men to uproot the social evils of sati (widow immolation), to allow widow remarriage, to forbid child marriage, and to reduce illiteracy, as well as to regulate the age of consent and to ensure property rights through legal intervention. In addition to this, some upper caste Hindu women rejected constraints they faced under Brahminical traditions. However, efforts for improving the status of women in Indian society were somewhat thwarted by the late nineteenth century, as nationalist movements emerged in India. These movements resisted 'colonial interventions in gender relations' particularly in the areas of family relations. In the mid to late nineteenth century, there was a national form of resistance to any colonial efforts made to 'modernize' the Hindu family. This included the Age of Consent controversy that erupted after the government tried to raise the age of marriage for women.
Several Indian states were ruled by women during British colonial advance including Jhansi (Rani Laxmibai), Kittur (Rani Chennama), Bhopal (Quidisa Begum) and Punjab (Jind Kaur).
Second Phase: 1915–1947
During this period the struggle against colonial rule intensified. Nationalism became the pre-eminent cause. Claiming Indian superiority became the tool of cultural revivalism resulting in an essential model of Indian womanhood similar to that of Victorian womanhood: special yet separated from public space. Gandhi legitimized and expanded Indian women's public activities by initiating them into the non-violent civil disobedience movement against the British Raj. He exalted their feminine roles of caring, self-abnegation, sacrifice and tolerance; and carved a niche for those in the public arena. Peasant women played an important role in the rural satyagrahas of Borsad and Bardoli. Women-only organisations like All India Women's Conference (AIWC) and the National Federation of Indian Women (NFIW) emerged. Women were grappling with issues relating to the scope of women's political participation, women's franchise, communal awards, and leadership roles in political parties.
The 1920s was a new era for Indian women and is defined as 'feminism' that was responsible for the creation of localized women's associations. These associations emphasized women's education issues, developed livelihood strategies for working-class women, and also organised national level women's associations such as the All India Women's Conference. AIWC was closely affiliated with the Indian National Congress. Under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, it worked within the nationalist and anti-colonialist freedom movements. This made the mass mobilisation of women an integral part of Indian nationalism. Women therefore were a very important part of various nationalist and anti-colonial efforts, including the civil disobedience movements in the 1930s.
After independence, the All India Women's Conference continued to operate and in 1954 the Indian Communist Party formed its own women's wing known as the National Federation of Indian Women. However, feminist agendas and movements became less active right after India's 1947 independence, as the nationalist agendas on nation building took precedence over feminist issues.
Women's participation in the struggle for freedom developed their critical consciousness about their role and rights in independent India. This resulted in the introduction of the franchise and civic rights of women in the Indian constitution. There was provision for women's upliftment through affirmative action, maternal health and child care provision (crèches), equal pay for equal work etc. The state adopted a patronizing role towards women. For example, India's constitution states that women are a "weaker section" of the population, and therefore need assistance to function as equals. Thus women in India did not have to struggle for basic rights as did women in the West. The utopia ended soon when the social and cultural ideologies and structures failed to honour the newly acquired concepts of fundamental rights and democracy.
Post–1947
Post independence feminists began to redefine the extent to which women were allowed to engage in the workforce. Prior to independence, most feminists accepted the sexual divide within the labour force. However, feminists in the 1970s challenged the inequalities that had been established and fought to reverse them. These inequalities included unequal wages for women, relegation of women to 'unskilled' spheres of work, and restricting women as a reserve army for labour. In other words, the feminists' aim was to abolish the free service of women who were essentially being used as cheap capital. Feminist class-consciousness also came into focus in the 1970s, with feminists recognizing the inequalities not just between men and women but also within power structures such as caste, tribe, language, religion, region, class etc. This also posed as a challenge for feminists while shaping their overreaching campaigns as there had to be a focus within efforts to ensure that fulfilling the demands of one group would not create further inequalities for another. Now, in the early twenty-first century, the focus of the Indian feminist movement has gone beyond treating women as useful members of society and a right to parity, but also having the power to decide the course of their personal lives and the right of self-determination.
In 1966 Indira Gandhi became the first female Prime Minister of India. She served as prime minister of India for three consecutive terms (1966–77) and a fourth term from 1980 until she was assassinated in 1984.
Section 53A of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Indian law, 1973 lays down certain provisions for medical examination of the accused. Section 164A of the Code of Criminal Procedure deals with the medical examination of the victim.
Mary Roy won a lawsuit in 1986, against the inheritance legislation of her Keralite Syrian Christian community in the Supreme Court. The judgement ensured equal rights for Syrian Christian women with their male siblings in regard to their ancestral property. Until then, her Syrian Christian community followed the provisions of the Travancore Succession Act of 1916 and the Cochin Succession Act, 1921, while elsewhere in India the same community followed the Indian Succession Act of 1925.
In 1991, the Kerala High Court restricted entry of women above the age of 10 and below the age of 50 from Sabarimala Shrine as they were of the menstruating age. However, on 28 September 2018, the Supreme Court of India lifted the ban on the entry of women. It said that discrimination against women on any grounds, even religious, is unconstitutional.
The state of Kerala is often viewed as the ideal progressive leader in the women's rights movement in India among states. Kerala maintains very high relative levels of female literacy and women's health, as well as greater female inheritance and property rights. For example, a 1998 study conducted by Bina Agarwal found that while only 13% of all women in India with landowning fathers inherited that land as daughters, 24% of such women were able to do so in the state of Kerala. This is important because it has been shown that measures to improve such access to property and economic independence through channels such as education not only directly improve women's wellbeing and capabilities, but also reduce their risk of exposure to marital or any sort of domestic violence.
The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to protect women from domestic violence. It was brought into force by the Indian government from 26 October 2006. The Act provides for the first time in Indian law a definition of "domestic violence", with this definition being broad and including not only physical violence, but also other forms of violence such as emotional/verbal, sexual, and economic abuse. It is a civil law meant primarily for protection orders and not meant to penalize criminally.However, as per the recent study 51.5% males have experienced the violence from their wives/partner. Many men feel bad to share about they are being beaten by their wives.
Also, as per the research Married men have reported the domestic violence.
The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 is a legislative act in India that seeks to protect women from sexual harassment at their place of work. The Act came into force from 9 December 2013. The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 introduced changes to the Indian Penal Code, making sexual harassment an expressed offence under Section 354 A, which is punishable up to three years of imprisonment and or with fine. The Amendment also introduced new sections making acts like disrobing a woman without consent, stalking and sexual acts by person in authority an offense. It also made acid attacks a specific offence with a punishment of imprisonment not less than 10 years and which could extend to life imprisonment and with fine. The definition of rape under the law was expanded to consider rape as any acts like penetration by penis, or any object or any part of body to any extent, into the vagina, mouth, urethra or anus of a woman or making her to do so with another person or applying of mouth to sexual organs without the consent or will of the woman constitutes the offence of rape. The section has also clarified that penetration means "penetration to any extent", and lack of physical resistance is immaterial for constituting an offence. Except in certain aggravated situation the punishment will be imprisonment not less than seven years but which may extend to imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine. In aggravated situations, punishment will be rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than ten years but which may extend to imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine. The revised statutes of 2013 Indian law, in section 376A, also mandates minimum punishment in certain cases. For instance, if the sexual assault inflicts an injury which causes death or causes the victim to be in a persistent vegetative state, then the convicted rapist must be sentenced to rigorous imprisonment of at least twenty years and up to the remainder of the natural life or with a death penalty." In the case of "gang rape", the same mandatory sentencing is now required by law. The convicted is also required to pay compensation to the victim which shall be reasonable to meet the medical expenses and rehabilitation of the victim, and per Section 357 B in the Code of Criminal Procedure. Death penalty for the most extreme rape cases is specified.
The new law has made it mandatory for all government and privately run hospitals in India to give free first aid and medical treatment to victims of rape. The 2013 law also increased the age of consent from 16 years to 18 years, and any sexual activity with anyone less than age of 18, irrespective of consent, now constitutes statutory rape.
In May 2013, the Supreme Court of India held that the two-finger test on a rape victim violates her right to privacy, and asked the Delhi government to provide better medical procedures to confirm sexual assault.
In 2014, an Indian family court in Mumbai ruled that a husband objecting to his wife wearing a kurta and jeans and forcing her to wear a sari amounted to cruelty, which led to the wife being granted a divorce. In 2016 a judgment of the Delhi high court was made public in which it was ruled that the eldest female member of a Hindu Undivided Family can be its "Karta".
In 2018 the Supreme Court of India struck down a law making it a crime for a man to have sex with a married woman without the permission of her husband. Prior to November 2018, women were forbidden to climb Agasthyarkoodam. A court ruling removed the prohibition.
Issues
Despite "on-paper" advancements, many problems still remain which inhibit women from fully taking advantage of new rights and opportunities in India.
There are many traditions and customs that have been an important part of Indian culture for hundreds of years. Religious laws and expectations, or "personal laws" enumerated by each specific religion, often conflict with the Indian Constitution, eliminating rights and powers women should legally have. Despite these crossovers in legality, the Indian government does not interfere with religion and the personal laws they hold. Indian society is largely composed of hierarchical systems within families and communities. These hierarchies can be broken down into age, sex, ordinal position, kinship relationships (within families), and caste, lineage, wealth, occupations, and relationship to ruling power (within the community). When hierarchies emerge within the family based on social convention and economic need, girls in poorer families suffer twice the impact of vulnerability and stability. From birth, girls are automatically entitled to less; from playtime, to food, to education, girls can expect to always be entitled to less than their brothers. Girls also have less access to their family's income and assets, which is exacerbated among poor, rural Indian families. From the start, it is understood that females will be burdened with strenuous work and exhausting responsibilities for the rest of their lives, always with little to no compensation or recognition.
India is also a patriarchal society, which, by definition, describes cultures in which males as fathers or husbands are assumed to be in charge and the official heads of households. A patrilineal system governs the society, where descent and inheritance are traced through the male line and men are generally in control of the distribution of family resources.
These traditions and ways of Indian life have been in effect for so long that this type of lifestyle is what women have become accustomed to and expect. Indian women often do not take full advantage of their constitutional rights because they are not properly aware or informed of them. Women also tend to have poor utilization of voting rights because they possess low levels of political awareness and sense of political efficacy. Women are not often encouraged to become informed about issues. Due to this, political parties do not invest much time in female candidates because there is a perception that they are a "wasted investment".
The female-to-male ratio in India is 933 to 1000, showing that there are numerically fewer women in the country than men. This is due to several factors, including infanticides, most commonly among female infants, and the poor care of female infants and childbearing women. Although outlawed, infanticides are still very common in rural India, and are continuing to become even more prominent. This is due to the fact, most especially in rural areas, that families cannot afford female children because of the dowry they must pay when their daughter gets married. Like infanticide, the payment of dowry is also illegal, but is still a frequent and prevalent occurrence in rural India. Women are considered to be "worthless" by their husbands if they are not "able" to produce a male child, and can often face much abuse if this is the case.
Birth ratio
Between the years of 1991 to 2001, the female-male ratio of the population of India fell from 94.5 girls per 100 boys to 92.7 girls per 100 boys. Some parts of the country, such as Kerala, did not experience such a decline, but in the richer Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, and Maharashtra, the female-male ratio fell very sharply (the female-male ratios in these states were between 79.3 and 87.8). This is the evidence of natality inequality, and an indication that sex-selective abortion has become more pervasive. The Indian parliament has banned the use of sex determination techniques for foetuses due to this, but enforcement of this law has been largely ignored.
Marriage
Most of the average Indian woman's life is spent in marriage; many women are still married before the legal age of 18, and the incidence of non-marriage is low in India. Childbearing and raising children are the priorities of early adulthood for Indian women. Thus, if they enter the workforce at all, it is far later than Indian men. Urban Indian men reach the peak of their labour force participation between the ages of 25 and 29, while urban Indian women do so between the ages of 40 and 44. Because of this, women have less time for the acquisition of skills and fewer opportunities for job improvements.
There is a poor representation of women in the Indian workforce. Females have a ten percent higher drop-out rate than males from middle and primary schools, as well as lower levels of literacy than men. Since unemployment is also high in India, it is easy for employers to manipulate the law, especially when it comes to women, because it is part of Indian culture for women not to argue with men. Additionally, labour unions are insensitive to women's needs. Women also have to settle for jobs that comply with their obligations as wives, mothers, and homemakers.
The Gulabi Gang in India wear pink saris and carry lathis (bamboo staves) for protection against physical attack, and punish abusive husbands, publicly shaming and sometimes beating them. They also watch out for and expose dowry beatings, dowry death, rape, child marriages, desertion, depriving girls of education, child molestation, and sexual harassment. They have invaded police stations to demand that police investigate these matters, and other things that affect the community such as corruption. India's police are notoriously corrupt and sometimes only the threat of a full-scale female riot will get them to act. Nobody knows quite how many of them there are. Estimates range from 270,000 to 400,000.
In 2018 the Supreme Court of India struck down a law making it a crime for a man to have sex with a married woman without the permission of her husband.
Clothing
Another issue that concerns women is the dress code expected of them. Islam requires both men and women to dress modestly; this concept is known as hijab and covers a wide interpretation of behavior and garments. There is mixed opinion among feminists over extremes of externally imposed control. Women from other religions are also expected to follow dress codes.
In 2014, an Indian family court in Mumbai ruled that a husband objecting to his wife wearing a kurta and jeans and forcing her to wear a sari amounts to cruelty inflicted by the husband and can be a ground to seek divorce. The wife was thus granted a divorce on the ground of cruelty as defined under section 27(1)(d) of Special Marriage Act, 1954.
Theology
Hindu community
In the Hindu religion, there has been partial success in terms of gender equality reform laws and family law. While this is a major advancement relative to other religions in India, it is still not a complete triumph in terms of feminism and relieving oppression. Gandhi came up with the term stree shakti (women power) for the concept of womanhood. In the Hindu religion, Gods are not exclusively male. Hinduism sheds a positive light on femininity; females are considered to complement and complete their male counterparts. It is important to note that both the deity of knowledge and the deity of wealth are female. In 1991, the Kerala High Court restricted entry of women above the age of 10 and below the age of 50 from Sabarimala Shrine as they were of the menstruating age. However, on 28 September 2018, the Supreme Court of India lifted the ban on the entry of women. It said that discrimination against women on any grounds, even religious, is unconstitutional.
Hindu mythology reveals that patriarchy, the idea that men are superior to women, was invented. The epic, Mahabharata, for example, refers to a time when there was no concept of marriage. Men and women were free to go to anyone. Feminism, the idea that men and women are equal is, however, discovered in Hinduism as the scriptures point to the difference between the soul and the flesh. The soul has no gender. Gender comes from the flesh.
The ancient scriptures and texts seem to provide evidence that gender of these deities was not seen as binary but more like a spectrum. The creator, Brahma (the creator), is perceived by many Hindus to be genderless. Many gods, such as ‘Ardhanarishvara’ are also seen as androgynous. There are several words in Sanskrit and Tamil, such as ‘pedi’, ‘kliba’ and ‘sanda’ that suggest that civilization has long been familiar with queer thought and behavior. The idea of ardhanariswara, a symbol of god as half male half female is also an appealing way to represent Brahman in human terms because the boundaries of male-ness and female ness are not apparent. When a person grapples with the idea of a form-less, all encompassing Brahman that pervades all forms, one does not need to think of atomized, essentialized females and males. Shakti, female strength/power, is about regenerate, which rests on creation and destruction. This dual personification of god as female and male and the preeminence of shakti in symbolism is a unique symbolism. At least in the realm of religious symbolism, there is nothing that makes females feel lesser than males.
Both Hindu women and men wear bindis on their foreheads, and it was traditionally available in myriad hues of red, and sandalwood paste, or saffron: it could be round in shape, a streak, a line, or in more decorative forms; it is now worn in other colours too. The spot on the forehead where the bindi is worn marks the ajna chakra, which contains the pineal gland and the hypothalamus, and is represented by the Omkara. Liberation, or the possession of higher and more meaningful inclinations, and a turning of the mind towards the sublime -- such as the intended achievement of a metaphysical/mystical union with the Infinite, the beyond, and the ever expanding frontiers of both the universe and human consciousness -- is what is signified by women wearing a bindi. There is no compulsion at all, but most Hindu women in India wear it through the day, with pleasure.
There is such a diversity of “forms of worship” that individuals can and do exercise agency in what they choose to follow at different points of their life- course. There are centralized organizations focusing on male or female gurus. There are temple based forms where priests dictate the practice of ritual offering and that are male dominated. There are direct devotional forms where there is little segregation of male and female, with an emphasis on the direct relationship between “the god” and the worshipper with no outside intervention. “The worship” can take on myriads of forms including combinations of knowledge, work, faith/devotion, and following disciplines. “God” can be personified, or imagined in millions of other ways. In the end,an individual can be anything from an atheist to a faith-based follower, change the object of worship depending on life stage and preferences, in short find ways of living “manusher dharma” i.e. striving to become more human/e. Second, Hinduism assumes that individuals are likely to change during their lifetime. The whole notion of having a personal deity—a tangible way of thinking about Brahman--that reflect one’s emotional and social state, allows a great deal of choice. Although how often are the broad non-gendered, non-discriminatory fundamentals of the religion are misused by groups that use their power to exploit and trample over other human beings in the name of religion. The 13th century “laws” of Manu continue to be selectively evoked by people whose inhumanity is reflected in their abuse of women.
Muslim community
The Hindu and Muslim communities in India were treated differently by the government in that separate types of concessions were made for each 1 in accommodate their separate religious laws and regulations. The case of Shah Bano begun in 1985 was one such example of Rajiv Gandhi attempting to make "concessions" for the Muslim community to in turn secure support for the Congress. Shah Bano, a 73-year-old Muslim woman, was divorced by her husband after forty-three years of marriage. According to the Sharia or Muslim Law, her husband was not required to pay her alimony. Shah Bano challenged this decision in the Supreme Court, which ultimately ruled in her favour and ordered her husband to pay her a monthly maintenance allowance. This caused chaos amongst the Muslim clerics who denounced the judgement and suggested that their religion, Islam was under attack in the country. In a fear of losing overall Muslim support, Rajiv succumbed to the pressures of the Conservative Maulavis from Muslims community and his own party and backed the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Bill which restricts alimony for Muslim Women only for 90 days after divorce. This caused an outcry from Muslim feminists and Hindu nationalists who found the appeasement of Muslim males by the Congress for political purposes wrong and opportunistic.
Feminism was challenged by various minority groups for not entirely addressing the needs of minority populations. It was suggested that 'mainstream' feminism was upper caste and Hindu in its orientation and did not address the concerns of minority women. This led to the formation of the Awaaz-e-Niswaan (The Voice of Women) in 1987 in Mumbai in largely Muslim part of the city. The Muslim community has personal laws that often were considered harmful to the rights of Muslim women. The Muslim personal law allows Polygamy but not Polyandry.
The dynamic of women's rights in India is on the foreground of the Muslim community and the Indian Nation State. Article 14 of the Indian Constitution states 'Equality before law' and grants every person equality before the law and equal protection in India. Article 15 prohibits discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth. Muslims women in India however are used as both an instrument and symbol for Islam in South Asia. Muslim Personal Law governs many aspects of a married Muslim Woman's rights in India. Personal Law serves a purpose in maintaining the democratic right to freedom of religion and preserving traditions which have been a part of India for many centuries. The idea of having 'differential citizenship' has resulted from the differences between constitutional and personal laws in India.
Since the partition of Pakistan and Bangladesh the Muslim community in India have been greatly reduced. Maintaining Muslim traditions in India serves as a means of achieving religious equality as well preserving their respective community under the Indian Nation State. Islam although being one of the first religions to advocate for women's rights both socially and in the political arena, has been heavily misinterpreted over the years with the death of the prophet Mohammad and with the residency of Islam in different societies. In India, "like Hindu women, Muslim women also demanded legal redress for polygamy, child marriage, purdah and denial of property rights".
Constitutional laws in India have taken more initiative to improve gender equality than Muslim Personal Law. The political arena for Muslims in India are overwhelmingly male dominated and the Muslim society in India is heavily patriarchal. The Ulama is given massive criticism for supporting a 'patriarchal interpretation' and using the Quran to further their own agendas. The Mullahs who dominate the political arena for Muslims in India have not prioritized reform to the Muslim Personal Laws. In addition Muslim women in India face larger issues in "illiteracy, social conservatism ... economic dependence on men, domestic and social violence, a wide gap between formal constitutional equality and actual inequality, inferiority and subordination of Indian women.".
Sikh community
According to Sikh tradition, both men and women are to follow the five Ks: Kesh (uncut hair), Kangha (comb), Kara (iron bracelet), Kachera (cotton undergarment) and Kirpan (iron dagger). Both men and women are to be treated equally inside a Gurudwara, and required to follow the same etiquette: both men and women should cover their head and wear modest clothing, both sit side by side in congregation and to eat langar. Although Sikh scriptures are usually publicly recited by men, there are no restrictions on who can become a granthi, and women can also apply. Both men and women can choose to wear a turban. Sikh women usually take the surname Kaur, with the purpose of rejecting both casteism and inequality among men and women. Similarly, Sikh men usually take the surname Singh. The Sikh faith condemns the practices of female infanticide, widow burning, dowry, and treatment of menstruating women as impure, and also discourages seclusion and face veil. However, many of these are still practiced by Sikhs.
Impact
Feminism did not gain meaning or become an operational principle in Indian life until the country gained independence in 1947 and adopted a democratic government. The Indian Constitution then granted equality, freedom from discrimination based on gender or religion, and guaranteed religious freedoms. Also, seven five-year plans were developed to provide health, education, employment, and welfare to women. The sixth five-year plan even declared women "partners in development".
Employment
In general, in the uneducated and rural sections of Indian society, which form a major percentage of the total population, women are seen as economic burdens. Their contributions to productivity are mostly invisible as their familial and domestic contributions are overlooked. Indian women were contributing nearly 36 percent of total employment in agriculture and related activities, nearly 19 percent in the service sector, and nearly 12.5 in the industry sector as of the year 2000. High illiteracy rates among women confine them to lower paying, unskilled jobs with less job security than men. Even in agricultural jobs where the work of men and women are highly similar, women are still more likely to be paid less for the same amount and type of work as men. Although the Government of India has tried to eliminate inequality in the workforce, women still receive unequal treatment. "Men are more likely to get promotions than women—besides, for men the nature of their jobs often changed with these promotions, unlike women, who usually only got increased responsibility and higher workload.". However, AIIMS nurses union has alleged gender discrimination for Nursing Officers recruitment, giving 80 percent posts to female candidates and remaining to male candidates.
In 1955 the Bollywood group Cine Costume Make-Up Artist & Hair Dressers' Association (CCMAA) created a rule that did not allow women to obtain memberships as makeup artists. However, in 2014 the Supreme Court of India ruled that this rule was in violation of the Indian constitutional guarantees granted under Article 14 (right to equality), 19(1)(g) (freedom to carry out any profession) and Article 21 (right to liberty). The judges of the Supreme Court of India stated that the ban on women makeup artist members had no "rationale nexus" to the cause sought to be achieved and was "unacceptable, impermissible and inconsistent" with the constitutional rights guaranteed to the citizens. The Court also found illegal the rule which mandated that for any artist, female or male, to work in the industry, they must have domicile status of five years in the state where they intend to work. In 2015 it was announced that Charu Khurana had become the first woman to be registered by the Cine Costume Make-Up Artist & Hair Dressers' Association.
Globalization
Feminists are also concerned about the impact of globalization on women in India. Some feminists argue that globalization has led to economic changes that have raised more social and economical challenges for women, particularly for working-class and lower-caste women. Multinational companies in India have been seen to exploit the labour of 'young, underpaid and disadvantaged women' in free trade zones and sweat shops, and use "Young lower middle class, educated women", in call centres. These women have few effective labour rights, or rights to collective action.
In addition to this, multinational corporations are seen to advertise a homogenous image of ideal women across the country is argued to cause an increase in the commodification of women's bodies. This is also manifested in the form of nationalist pride exhibited through Indian women winning international beauty pageants. According to some feminists, such developments have offered women greater sexual autonomy and more control over their bodies. However, many other feminists feel that such commodification of female bodies has only served the purpose of feeding to male fantasies.
Education
Some of the main reasons that girls are less likely to reach optimal levels of education include the fact that girls are needed to assist their mothers at home, have been raised to believe that a life of domestic work is their destined occupation, have illiterate mothers who cannot educate their children, have an economic dependency on men, and are sometimes subject to child-marriage. Many poor families marry their daughters off early with a belief that the more she will stay at home, the more they'll be needed to invest in her. Plus it is a popular belief that they should be married off early so that they produce off-springs early in their life.
In 1986, the National Policy on Education (NPE) was created in India, and the government launched the program called Mahila Samakhya, whose focus was on the empowerment of women. The program's goal is to create a learning environment for women to realize their potential, learn to demand information and find the knowledge to take charge of their own lives. In certain areas of India, progress is being made and an increase in the enrollment of girls in schools and as teachers has begun to increase. By 2001 literacy for women had exceeded 50% of the overall female population, though these statistics were still very low compared to world standards and even male literacy within India. Efforts are still being made to improve the level of education that females receive to match that of male students.
Impact
At shortlisting stage IIM Indore is giving extra marks to female candidates now.
DRDO launched the scholarship scheme exclusively for girls in year 2019.
Girls in Haryana now will be getting passport with graduation degree.
Indian feminists
Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1772–1833) – crusaded against sati, polygamy, and child marriage. Fought for education and property inheritance rights for women.
Jyotirao Phule (1827–1890) – worked with his wife, Savitribai Phule and friend, Sadashiv Ballal Govande to set up a centre against infanticide, to help widows in labor give birth.
Savitribai Phule (1831–1897) – started the first school for girls in the subcontinent.
Tarabai Shinde (1850–1910) – activist whose work Stri Purush Tulana is considered the first modern Indian feminist text.
Pandita Ramabai (1858–1922) – social reformer a champion for the emancipation of women in British India.
Kamini Roy (1864–1933) – poet, suffragette, and first woman honors graduate in India.
Sarala Devi Chaudhurani (1872–1945) – early feminist and founder of the Bharat Stree Mahamandal, one of the first women's organisations in India.
Saroj Nalini Dutt (1887–1925) – early social reformer who pioneered the formation of educational Women's Institutes in Bengal.
Durgabai Deshmukh (1909–1981) – public activist for women's emancipation and was also the founder of Andhra Mahila Sabha.
Barnita Bagchi – scholar and sociologist with a focus on women's education.
Jasodhara Bagchi (1937–2015) – founder of the School of Women's Studies at Jadavpur University.
Rita Banerji – feminist author and founder of The 50 Million Missing Campaign, an online, global lobby working to raise awareness about the female gendercide (femicide) in India.
Prem Chowdhry – social scientist, feminist, Senior Academic Fellow and critic of violence against couples refusing arranged marriages. She is a Life Member of the Center for Women Studies. She is a well-known scholar of gender studies, authority on the political economy and social history of Haryana state in India and daughter of Hardwari Lal, the renowned educationist and Indian National Congress member of parliament for Haryana.
Mira Datta Gupta – activist for women's issues and one of the founding members of the All India Women's Conference.
Meghna Pant – author known for taking a strong feminist stance in her writing and work
Padma Gole – poet whose writings faithfully depicted the domestic lives of Indian middle-class women.
Devaki Jain – founder of the Institute of Social Studies Trust and scholar in the field of feminist economics.
Anuradha Ghandy (1954–2008) was an Indian communist, Proleterian Feminist, and revolutionary leader. She was a prominent leader of the banned Communist Party of India (Maoist) . In her book " Philosophical Trends in the Feminist Movement " , she outlines the history of the world's feminist movements and critiques them to create the foundation for proletarian feminism.
Brinda Karat – first woman member of the CPI(M) Politburo and former Vice President of the All India Democratic Women's Association (AIDWA).
Madhu Kishwar – founding president of Manushi Sangathan, a forum that will promote greater social justice and strengthen human rights, especially for women. She founded the magazine Manushi: A Journal about Women and Society devoted to feminism as well as to gender studies and activism in 1978 with Ruth Vanita.
Vina Mazumdar – secretary of the first Committee on the Status of Women in India and founding Director of Centre for Women's Development Studies (CWDS).
Uma Narayan – feminist scholar, and Chair of Philosophy at Vassar College.
Asra Nomani – Indian-American journalist, author of Standing Alone in Mecca: An American Woman's Struggle for the Soul of Islam
Medha Patkar – feminist social worker and politician who advocates for women's rights in post-independence India.
Angellica Aribam - Political activist, fourth-wave feminist working to get more women into politics.
Manasi Pradhan – founder of Honour for Women National Campaign, a nationwide movement to end violence against women in India
Amrita Pritam – first woman to win the Sahitya Akademi Award for literature.
Gita Sahgal – writer and journalist on issues of feminism, fundamentalism, and racism, a director of prize-winning documentary films, and a women's rights and human rights activist.
Manikuntala Sen – politician in the Communist Party of India whose memoir described her experiences as a woman activist.
Vandana Shiva – environmentalist and prominent leader of the Ecofeminist movement.
Sophia Duleep Singh – prominent suffragette and daughter of Maharaja Duleep Singh. She was a firebrand feminist and is best remembered for her leading role in the Women's Tax Resistance League, but she also participated in other women's suffrage groups including the Women's Social and Political Union. Secret documents revealed her identity as a firebrand "harridan law breaker" for her diaries revealed that she maintained contacts with the leaders of the Indian nationalist movement like Gopalkrishna Gokhale, Sarala Devi and Lala Lajpat Rai.
Nivedita Menon – feminist and academic. Author of Seeing like a Feminist.
Nandini Sahu – eco-feministic Indian English poet and academic. Author of Sita (A poem).
Ruth Vanita – academic, activist and author who specializes in lesbian and gay studies, gender studies, British and South Asian literary history. She founded the magazine Manushi: A Journal about Women and Society devoted to feminism as well as to gender studies and activism in 1978 with Madhu Kishwar.
Ramarao Indira – academic, critic, rationalist who is an expert in modern feminism thoughts. She has written many articles and books on feminism in Kannada and English.
Theilin Phanbuh – chairperson of the Meghalaya State Commission for Women and Padma Shri awardee
Kirthi Jayakumar – founder of The Red Elephant Foundation, Author, Artist and Intersectional Feminist.
Sharmila Rege – sociologist, Dalit Feminist, Activist in academia and Teacher of Women's Studies at Krantijyoti Savitribai Phule Women's Studies Center, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune.
Neera Desai – founder of first Research Centre for Women's Studies in SNDT Women's University. She wrote her M.A. thesis on Women in Modern India, with a particular focus on the Bhakti Movement.
Rajeswari Sunder Rajan – contemporary feminist and academic. Author of Real and Imagined Women: Gender, Culture, and Postcolonialism.
Gita Sen – academic, scholar, and activist specializing in population policy. She has worked with the United Nations System and is the General Coordinator of DAWN (Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era). Currently, Sen is an adjunct professor at Harvard University and a Professor Emeritus at the Indian Institute of Management Bangalore.
Nandini Sahu – contemporary eco-feministic Indian English Poet and Professor at IGNOU. Author of Sita (An Epic)
Jyoti Puri - Hazel Dick Leonard Chair and Professor of Sociology at Simmons University. She is a leading feminist sociologist who advocates for transnational and postcolonial approaches to the study of gender, sexuality, state, nationalism, and death and migration. Focus includes anti-sodomy laws in India.
See also
Dalit feminism
Domestic violence in India
Dowry system in India
Female foeticide in India
Feminist theology
Gender inequality in India
Gender pay gap in India
Islamic feminism
Men's rights movement in India
National Commission for Women
Rape in India
Sexism in India
Sikh feminism
Welfare schemes for women in India
Women in agriculture in India
Women in Hinduism
Women in India
Women in Islam
Women in Indian Armed Forces
Women in Sikhism
Women's Reservation Bill
Women's suffrage in India
Notes
References
Further reading
Madhavananda, and R. C. Majumdar. Great women of India. Mayavati (2014)
Madhu Kishwar. "The Daughters of Aryavarta: Women in the Arya Samaj movement, Punjab". In Women in Colonial India; Essays on Survival, Work and the State, edited by J. Krishnamurthy, Oxford University Press, 1989.
External links
Manushi – Forum for Women's Rights and Democratic Reforms
"Nothing to Go Back To – The Fate of the Widows of Vrindavan, India" WNN – Women News Network 5 Nov 2007
Indian culture
Articles containing video clips
India
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14533458
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaristis
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Battaristis
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Battaristis is a genus of moths in the family Gelechiidae.
Species
Battaristis acroglypta Meyrick, 1929
Battaristis amphiscolia Meyrick, 1914
Battaristis ardiophora Meyrick, 1914
Battaristis atelesta Meyrick, 1914
Battaristis bistrigella (Busck, 1914)
Battaristis concinusella (Chambers, 1877)
Battaristis concisa Meyrick, 1929
Battaristis coniosema Meyrick, 1922
Battaristis curtella (Busck, 1914)
Battaristis cyclella (Busck, 1903)
Battaristis emissurella (Walker, 1864)
Battaristis ichnota Meyrick, 1914
Battaristis melanamba Meyrick, 1914
Battaristis nigratomella (Clemens, 1863)
Battaristis orthocampta Meyrick, 1914
Battaristis parazela Meyrick, 1929
Battaristis pasadenae (Keifer, 1935)
Battaristis perinaeta (Walsingham, 1910)
Battaristis prismatopa Meyrick, 1914
Battaristis rhythmodes Meyrick, 1929
Battaristis sphenodelta Meyrick, 1922
Battaristis stereogramma Meyrick, 1914
Battaristis symphora (Walsingham, 1911)
Battaristis syngraphopa Meyrick, 1922
Battaristis synocha Meyrick, 1922
Battaristis tricentrota Meyrick, 1931
Battaristis unistrigella (Busck, 1914)
Battaristis vittella (Busck, 1916)
External links
Anacampsini
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54237070
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koah%20LaOvdim
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Koah LaOvdim
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Koah LaOvdim () is an Israeli labor union organization founded in 2007 (and registered in 2008) as an initiative by a group of social and labor activists to create a new, active and militant general labor union in Israel. The organization was established as a result of several failed labor struggles and unionization attempts in Israel in the preceding years, primarily that of the temporary labourers in the Ben Gurion international airport in 2006.
In the years since its establishment, Koah LaOvdim have increased its numbers substantially and by 2017 it became Israel's third largest labor union with around 35,000 workers represented by the organization. The organization's establishment is often credited with initiating the "unionization boom" of the late 2000s in Israel.
The union's political position is on the left, with their stated aims being:
To assist unorganized workers in getting organized in their workplace both in the public and the private sector.
To promote the existence of organized labor in the Israeli economy.
To wage an uncompromising struggle in the defense of workers’ rights and the improvement of their pay and working conditions.
To work for the establishment of social and economic justice, a welfare state and industrial democracy.
Koah LaOvdim is a multi-national, transethnic and cross-sectional organization, unionizing workers from all sectors of Israeli society, with equality and solidarity between Jews and Arabs being one of the organization's core beliefs, and the organization have worked against racist incidents against Arab workers in Israel.
Koah LaOvdim is also a proponent of feminism and gender equality in the workforce, and it maintains a feminist section "Koah LaOvdot".
References
Trade unions in Israel
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59899519
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319%20Santosh%20Trophy
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2018–19 Santosh Trophy
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The 2018–19 Santosh Trophy was the 73rd edition of the Santosh Trophy, the premier competition in India for teams representing their regional and state football associations.
Kerala were the defending champions, having defeated West Bengal in the final during the 2017–18 season, but both teams failed to qualify for the main round.
Qualifiers
Following Ten teams have qualified :
Assam
Delhi
Goa
Karnataka
Maharashtra
Meghalaya
Odisha
Punjab
Services
Sikkim
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Knockout stage
Bracket
Semi-finals
Final
Goalscorers
6 goals
Ayush Adhikari (Delhi)
Arif Shaikh (Maharashtra)
5 goals
Lallawkima PC (Services)
3 goals
Bishnu Bordoloi (Assam)
M Nikhil Raj (Karnataka)
2 goals
Raikut Shisha Buam (Meghalaya)
Milan Basumatary (Assam)
Lalawmpuia (Goa)
Chaitan Komarpant (Goa)
Suresh Meitei (Services)
Gunashekar Vignesh (Karnataka)
Mahesh Selva (Karnataka)
Roshan Singh (Karnataka)
Chandra Muduli (Odisha)
Sukhpreet Singh (Punjab)
Vikrant Singh (Punjab)
Bikash Thapa (Services)
1 Goal
Glan Martins (Goa)
Stendly Fernandes (Goa)
Jessel Carneiro (Goa)
Sarineo Fernandes (Goa)
Victorino Fernandes (Goa)
Ronaldo Oliveira (Goa)
Prasanta Srihari (Odisha)
Arvin Lakra (Odisha)
Enestar Malngiang (Meghalaya)
Donborlang Nongkynrih (Meghalaya)
Manvir Singh (Karnataka)
Namgyal Bhutia (Karnataka)
Biswa Kr Darjee (Karnataka)
Johan Peter (Karnataka)
Rohan Shukla (Maharashtra)
Sanket Salokhe (Maharashtra)
Aman Gaikwad (Maharashtra)
Vinodkumar Chandrakishor Pandey (Maharashtra)
Lenader Dharmai (Maharashtra)
Rajbir Singh (Punjab)
Taranjit Singh (Punjab)
Amandeep Singh (Punjab)
Jaspreet Singh (Punjab)
Harjinder Singh (Punjab)
Harikrishna (Services)
Sabir Khan (Services)
Sushil Shah (Services)
Bikash Thapa (Services)
Akrang Narzary (Assam)
Sirandeep Moran (Assam)
Sonam Zangpo Bhutia (Sikkim)
References
External links
Santosh Trophy on the All India Football Federation website .
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39555763
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314%20Real%20Sociedad%20season
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2013–14 Real Sociedad season
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The 2013–14 season was Real Sociedad's 67th season in La Liga. Real Sociedad finished 7th in the league and reached the semifinals of the Copa del Rey. The Basque failed to make it out of the group stages of the UEFA Champions League.
Season summary
Philippe Montanier, who left for Rennes, was replaced by Jagoba Arrasate, his assistant manager. The club's pre-season was marked by the shock sale of Asier Illarramendi to Real Madrid. Real Sociedad lost the player that had been its most influential midfielder during the previous season. The club signed Haris Seferovic, Esteban Granero and José Ángel on loan.
Participation in the UEFA Champions League
In the Champions League preliminary round draw, Real Sociedad were not seeded and were to face seeded opponents from Europe's biggest leagues. They were drawn against Lyon, with the second leg to be played in Anoeta. Preparations for the Champions league play-off round were marked by the long-term injuries of Mikel González, Imanol Agirretxe and Diego Ifrán.
Pre-season consisted of matches against lower division Basque clubs, Sporting CP and English clubs. These matches were disappointing for Real Sociedad in both results and quality of play.
The first official game of the season was played at home against Getafe. The Madrilians were easily beaten a few days before travelling to Lyon. At the Stade Gerland, Real Sociedad inflicted the hosts a shock defeat with a 0–2 result. After an unremarkable draw at Elche that weekend, Real Sociedad welcomed Lyon. Once again, the French were convincingly beaten with a 2–0 scoreline, thus securing progression to the 2013–14 Champions League group stage for the Basques.
With no European participations in its five preceding seasons, Real Sociedad were seeded in pot 4. In the draw, they grouped with Manchester United, Shakhtar Donetsk and Bayer Leverkusen, the first two clubs being holding champions of their respective leagues.
The Champions League had a bitter outcome for Real Sociedad. The first two matches were fairly balanced, but late goals in both games meant being bottom right before a double confrontation with Manchester United. As expected, Real Sociedad was comprehensively outplayed in both matches against the Red Devils. However, they only conceded one goal, in Manchester. With a single point after four matches, their chances of surviving this stage looked slim, eventually losing their last two matches.
Copa del rey
Thanks to being in the Champions League Real Sociedad entered the second pot in the Copa del Rey. This meant they faced an opponent from Segunda División B or Tercera División in the round of 32. Algeciras was easily beaten on a 5–1 aggregate while resting some of the main players. In the quarterfinals Real Sociedad faced Villareal. Both sides played with many substitutes in their starting lineups. Real Sociedad went through on a 0–1 aggregate score. A bizarre tie against Racing de Santander followed. The Cantabrians refused to play the second leg unless their club's governing body resigned. The match wasn't played and Real sociedad advanced to the next round. Barcelona awaited in the semi-finals, in a prestigious tie that was eventually won by the Catalans. Refereeing in the first leg was surrounded by controversy.
Reaching the semifinals was the best performance in the cup since 1988.
League
In the league Real Sociedad started slowly but stabilized in the sixth position in late November. Exiting European competition only helped the club, focusing efforts on domestic duties. The last game played in 2013 was the derby against Athletic Bilbao. Real Sociedad emerged victorious from a very physical battle. At that point it seemed like Real Sociedad would fight for fourth spot with Athletic Bilbao. An emphatic 5–1 demolition at the hands of Villarreal right after the derby created doubts.
January and February
January and February were very positive and fourth spot still appeared attainable. The highlight of this period was the convincing 3–1 victory over Barcelona in Anoeta. This happened after Barcelona's controversial victory in the Copa del Rey and was seen by many as a revenge.
March and onwards
In March, the team's performances worsened drastically and the Basques unexpectedly lost to Rayo Vallecano at home (2–3) and Almería away (4–3). Athletic Bilbao comfortably ensured fourth place and Real Sociedad found itself in a fight to avoid seventh place against Villareal and Sevilla. Defeat to Villareal on the last matchday meant Real Sociedad finished seventh and had to play third qualifying round of the UEFA Europa League in July 2014.
During this season, Real Sociedad played more matches than ever in its history. This and the early preparations for the Champions League preliminary round were suggested to be behind the drop in stamina that happened from March onwards.
The performances of Carlos Vela and Antoine Griezmann were the highlight of the season. These two ended up as joint top goal scorers and made the difference in many matches.
Others
In November 2013, Real Sociedad and Kazakh club Astana signed a cooperation agreement.
On 20 January 2014, it was announced that Carlos Vela had won the La Liga Player of the Month for December and Arrasate the La Liga Manager of the Month. In April 2014, Arrasate had his contract renewed until 2016.
In 2014, Real Sociedad were awarded the 2013–14 Liga BBVA Fair Play Club prize at the 2014 LFP Awards Ceremony.
Annual general meeting
In December 2013, the annual general meeting took place. In addition to approving the new budget and the previous year's accounts a governing body had to be voted. This has to be done every five years and Jokin Aperribay had been voted in during 2008. As expected, Aperribay and the rest of the governing body were comfortably re-elected.
Squad
Start formations
Starting XI
Lineup that started most of the club's competitive matches throughout the season.
Player transfers
In
Total expenditure: €2 million
Out
Total revenue: €38.9 million
Net income: €36.9 million
Technical staff
Competitions
Legend
Pre-season and friendlies
La Liga
League table
Results summary
Results by round
Matches
Copa del Rey
Round of 32
Round of 16
Quarter-finals
Semi-finals
UEFA Champions League
Play-off round
Group stage
Statistics
Goals
Assists
Discipline
See also
2013–14 Copa del Rey
2013–14 La Liga
2013–14 UEFA Champions League
Sources
External links
Spanish football clubs 2013–14 season
Real Sociedad
Real Sociedad seasons
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15583411
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schanuel%27s%20lemma
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Schanuel's lemma
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In mathematics, especially in the area of algebra known as module theory, Schanuel's lemma, named after Stephen Schanuel, allows one to compare how far modules depart from being projective. It is useful in defining the Heller operator in the stable category, and in giving elementary descriptions of dimension shifting.
Statement
Schanuel's lemma is the following statement:
If 0 → K → P → M → 0 and 0 → K''' → P ' → M → 0 are short exact sequences of R-modules and P and P ' are projective, then K ⊕ P ' is isomorphic to K ' ⊕ P.Proof
Define the following submodule of P ⊕ P ', where φ : P → M and φ' : P ' → M:
The map π : X → P, where π is defined as the projection of the first coordinate of X into P, is surjective. Since φ' is surjective, for any p P, one may find a q P ' such that φ(p) = φ '(q). This gives (p,q) X with π (p,q) = p. Now examine the kernel of the map π :
We may conclude that there is a short exact sequence
Since P is projective this sequence splits, so X ≅ K ' ⊕ P . Similarly, we can write another map π : X → P ', and the same argument as above shows that there is another short exact sequence
and so X ≅ P ' ⊕ K. Combining the two equivalences for X gives the desired result.
Long exact sequences
The above argument may also be generalized to long exact sequences.
Origins
Stephen Schanuel discovered the argument in Irving Kaplansky's homological algebra course at the University of Chicago in Autumn of 1958. Kaplansky writes:Early in the course I formed a one-step projective resolution of a module, and remarked that if the kernel was projective in one resolution it was projective in all. I added that, although the statement was so simple and straightforward, it would be a while before we proved it. Steve Schanuel spoke up and told me and the class that it was quite easy, and thereupon sketched what has come to be known as "Schanuel's lemma." ''
Notes
Homological algebra
Module theory
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69780971
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofiia%20Holichenko
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Sofiia Holichenko
|
Sofiia Yuriyivna Holichenko (; born 23 November 2004) is a Ukrainian pair skater. With her skating partner, Artem Darenskyi, she competed in the final segment at the 2022 European Championships and is the 2022 Ukrainian national champion.
Career
Early career
As a singles skater, Holichenko most notably won the bronze medal at the 2018 Ukrainian junior championships. She competed a single season in pairs with Ivan Pavlov, winning a bronze medal at the senior Ukrainian championships.
2020–2021 season
In June, it was announced that she had formed a new partnership with Artem Darenskyi.
After obtaining the required minimum technical elements scores, Holichenko/Darenskyi were nominated to represent Ukraine at the 2021 World Championships in Stockholm. They withdrew a few days before the start of the competition, having tested positive for coronavirus.
2021–2022 season
Holichenko/Darenskyi began the season at the 2021 CS Nebelhorn Trophy, attempting to qualify a berth for Ukraine at the 2022 Winter Olympics. They placed eleventh at the event, outside the qualifications. However, Ukraine qualified to the Olympic team event due to Anastasiia Shabotova qualifying to the women's competition at Nebelhorn, allowing for a Ukrainian pair to be sent for that. Holichenko/Darenskyi went on to finish fifth at the Budapest Trophy.
After winning their first Ukrainian national title, Holichenko/Darenskyi placed fifteenth at the 2022 European Championships in Tallinn. Days later, they were named to the Ukrainian Olympic team. They finished ninth among nine pairs entered in the short program of the Olympic team event. This was their only performance at the Games, as Team Ukraine did not advance to the second stage of the competition and finished tenth.
Programs
With Darenskyi
Competitive highlights
CS: Challenger Series
With Darenskyi
With Pavlov
Ladies' singles
References
External links
2004 births
Living people
Ukrainian female pair skaters
Sportspeople from Kyiv
Figure skaters at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Olympic figure skaters of Ukraine
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37039715
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AdForum
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AdForum
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AdForum Maydream Inc. is a company founded in 1999 to provide information on the advertising industry to marketers, industry professionals and the trade press. By liaising with industry awards shows and advertising agencies, it has built up a database of Advertising Agency profiles and advertisements. According to information on the site, it currently offers access to profiles of over 20,000 agencies as well as a searchable library of more than 90,000 different ads from 110 countries around the world. An article on the website of the French newspaper Le Figaro in 2010 cited 20,000 agencies and 100,000 campaigns.
AdForum was founded by Hervé de Clerck, a French former adman who held posts including Managing Director International of Havas Intermediation, Vice President of DMB&B Inc, CEO of DMB&B France and COO of Lesieur. In 2001, de Clerck used AdForum as a springboard for launching ACT Responsible, an association that aims to recognise excellence in cause-related advertising. Apart from its website, its main platform is an annual exhibition and awards ceremony at the Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity.
In June 2009, Kofi Annan, former Secretary General of the United Nations, President of the Global Humanitarian Forum, and David Jones, Global CEO of Havas Worldwide and co-founder of One Young World, joined a debate on climate change hosted by ACT Responsible and AdForum founder Hervé de Clerck at the 56th Cannes International Advertising Festival.
In 2000, AdForum unveiled its AdFolio service, a searchable library of advertising creative work. It was described by US trade magazine Adweek as "a brainstorming tool for creative people, a new-business generator for ad agencies and a scouting mechanism for brand managers."
AdForum.com also offers services such as a job board and a weekly "best ads" newsletter. Membership is free and members are entitled to receive the newsletter as well as news alerts relating to their specific areas of interest, such as agencies, brands or industry awards. However, access to the creative library requires a paid subscription. The site offers a number of packages, for example US$49 for one month, $299 for one year (or $149 for students and professors) and $1799 a year for up to ten users. AdForum also earns income from paid advertising on its site. Since 2005, AdForum has held regular summits in cities such as Paris, New York, London and (in 2009) Shanghai. As noted by the French advertising trade journal Stratégies, the invitation-only event is designed to bring agency search consultants together with agency CEOs.
At its worldwide summit in New York at the end of 2011, AdForum helped create a Code of Conduct for agency search consultants, who match advertisers with agencies. According to a report by themediaonline, consultants organised their code of conduct around seven key principles that they will follow during the agency selection process: excellence, equity, responsibility, integrity, absence of conflict of interest, transparency and confidentiality.
References
External links
ACT Responsible
Advertising industry
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3897380
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Militia%20Group
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The Militia Group
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The Militia Group is an independent record company based in Long Beach, California.
History
The Militia Group was founded in 1998 by Chad Pearson as a booking agency, booking for artists such as Slick Shoes, Craig's Brother, Dogwood, twothirtyeight, Acceptance, and Element 101. Pearson and Rory Felton partnered in 2000 to turn the booking agency into a record company. Both Pearson and Felton had previous experience with independent labels and artists: Pearson in Seattle, WA working at Tooth & Nail Records, and Felton in Kansas City co-operating Arise Records with Jason Irvine in Louisville, KY. Arise published The Juliana Theory's first CD, a split album with Dawson High; and other bands: Tijuana Crime Scene, The National Acrobat, Reflector and Recess Theory. In 2000, Pearson teamed up with Felton to turn the agency into an independent record label based out of Huntington Beach, CA. By January 2001, the label had signed Rufio, The Lyndsay Diaries, Tora! Tora! Torrance!, Veronica, and Noise Ratchet. Within the next year Copeland, The Rocket Summer, The Beautiful Mistake, and Acceptance joined the fold.
By 2002, the label had sold its first 100,000 albums with its first release: Rufio's Perhaps, I Suppose..., and was operating out of offices in Anaheim, CA. By 2004, as the label moved operations from Anaheim, CA to Garden Grove, CA. In early 2007, Pearson left TMG to start a company called P Is for Panda. 2007 saw albums released by Denison Witmer, The New Frontiers, Chase Pagan, and We Shot The Moon. By 2008, the label had sold over 1,400,000 albums.
The label may be best known for developing the artist Cartel, for whom The Militia Group released The Ransom EP and Chroma. The 'Chroma' title has sold over 1,030,000 singles, 255,000 albums (according to Soundscan) and was acquired by Sony Music's Epic Records.
The Militia Group stopped releasing new music in 2012, though its back catalogue is still in print.
Distribution
Distribution is handled on a territory by territory basis by:
United States: The Orchard
Roster
Current artists
Backseat Goodbye
Chase Pagan
Denison Witmer
Driving East
Jill Cunniff
Jonathan Jones
Lakes
Let Go
Mercy Mercedes
Mobile
One for the Team
The Panic Division
Sights and Sounds
Tahiti 80
The Urgency
Former artists
Acceptance (Active, currently on Rise Records)
The Appleseed Cast
Anadivine
The Beautiful Mistake (On hiatus)
Big Collapse
Blueprint Car Crash
Brandtson (Disbanded 2008)
Cartel (Active, currently on Wind-up Records)
The Class of 98 (Active, currently without a label)
Controlling the Famous (Disbanded 2007)
Copeland (Disbanded 2010, reunited 2014)
Everybody Else
Fielding
The Jealous Sound (Active, currently on Rise Records)
Juliette and the Licks (Disbanded 2009)
The Holy Fire (Active)
The Lyndsay Diaries
Lovedrug
Man Alive (Active, currently on B& Recordings)
Noise Ratchet
The New Frontiers (Inactive)
Quietdrive
The Rocket Summer (Active, currently with Aviate Records)
Reeve Oliver (Active, currently on Apple Danish Records)
Ronnie Day (Active, currently on Simplify Music)
Rufio
The Summer Set (Active, currently on Fearless Records)
Tora! Tora! Torrance!
Umbrellas (Active, currently without a label)
Veronica
We Shot the Moon (Active, currently on Afternoon Records)
References
Rory Felton Interview
Chad Pearson Interview
External links
Official site
American independent record labels
Record labels established in 1998
Alternative rock record labels
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40498969
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAHS
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DAHS
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DAHS may refer to:
Dallastown Area High School, Dallastown, Pennsylvania, United States
Dame Alice Harpur School, Bedford, England
Division Avenue High School, Levittown, New York, United States
See also
Dah (disambiguation)
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63251112
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yala%20Provincial%20Court
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Yala Provincial Court
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Yala Provincial Court is a court of first instance in the province of Yala in southern Thailand. It is located in Sukhayang Road, Sateng, in Mueang Yala District. It has jurisdiction over all of Yala Province except Betong District, which falls under Betong Provincial Court, and excluding juvenile and family cases, which fall under Yala Juvenile and Family Court.
The province of Yala is in the area of the South Thailand insurgency and cases at the court are often related to the insurgency.
There have been claims that there may have been political interference in the administration of justice in the court. In October 2019, Kanakorn Pianchana, a senior judge there, shot himself after claiming to have been pressured to change a verdict in a capital case from not guilty to guilty despite a lack of evidence to convict. The Pheu Thai Party called for a government investigation to establish if there were irregularities at the court. The incident led to an official statement from the Thailand Court of Justice that senior judges were empowered to review the decisions of more junior judges but not to change them.
References
External links
Yala Provincial Court—Yala, Thailand. - Courthouses on Waymarking.com
Yala province
South Thailand insurgency
Law enforcement in Thailand
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33267210
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchberg%20%28Zittau%20Mountains%29
|
Buchberg (Zittau Mountains)
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The Buchberg is a wide cone-shaped mountain on the northern edge of the Zittau Mountains which is 652 m above sea level (NN). The Buchberg is entirely wooded. Whilst the mountain drops steeply to the east and north, it slopes away relatively gently to the south and west. South of the mountain is an area of raised bog which forms the source region of the Zwittebach.
Location and area
The Buchberg rises west of the village of Jonsdorf and east of Waltersdorf. The road from Jonsdorf to Waltersdorf runs across the northern slopes of the mountain.
Routes to the top
The peak may be ascended from hiking paths, most of which run from Jonsdorf in the general direction of the summit. No direct paths run over the summit itself.
References
Mountains of Saxony
Zittau Mountains
Mountains under 1000 metres
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14390413
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991%E2%80%9392%20in%20Argentine%20football
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1991–92 in Argentine football
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The 1991–92 season in Argentina saw River Plate win the Apertura championship and Newell's Old Boys win the Clausura championship. In the international competitions Newell's were runners up in the Copa Libertadores and River Plate were runners up in the Supercopa Sudamericana.
Torneo Apertura ("Opening" Tournament)
Teams highlighted in light blue qualified for the Octagonal tournament.
Top Scorers
Relegation
There is no relegation after the Apertura. For the relegation results of this tournament see below
Torneo Clausura ("Closing" Tournament)
Teams highlighted in light blue qualified for the Octagonal tournament.
Top Scorers
Relegation
Qualification for Copa Libertadores 1993
Champions qualification playoff
River Plate qualify for Copa Libertadores 1993
Octagonal tournament
Teams highlighted in light blue qualified for the Octagonal tournament.
Velez Sarsfield to play Newell's Old Boys in the Libertadores playoff.
Playoff final
Newell's Old Boys qualify for Copa Libertadores 1993.
Argentine clubs in international competitions
References
Argentina 1991-1992 by Pablo Ciullini at rsssf.
Argentina 1990s by Osvaldo José Gorgazzi and Victor Hugo Kurhy at rsssf.
Copa Libertadores 1992 by Juan Pablo Andrés and Frank Ballesteros at rsssf.
Supercopa 1991 by Julio Bovi Diogo at rsssf
it:Campionato di calcio argentino 1991-1992
pl:I liga argentyńska w piłce nożnej (1991/1992)
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19576795
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd%20Tevis
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Lloyd Tevis
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Lloyd Tevis (March 20, 1824 – July 24, 1899) was a banker and capitalist who served as president of Wells Fargo & Company from 1872 to 1892.
Early life
Lloyd Tevis was born in Shelbyville, Kentucky, the son of Samuel and Sarah (née Greathouse) Tevis. His father was a prominent attorney and circuit court clerk, and from 1842 to 1844 Lloyd studied law in his office and assisted him as court clerk. After a further period of study and work in a neighboring county, he became a salesman with a wholesale dry goods company in Louisville, Kentucky. He was highly regarded, and when the company failed he was appointed assignee.
On the basis of his performance in this position, Tevis was offered, and accepted, a place in the Bank of Kentucky in 1848. He left the bank shortly, however, to accept a position with an insurance company in St. Louis, Missouri.
California
Tevis went to California to join the gold rush in the spring of 1849. Finding little success in the diggings, at the end of the year he went to Sacramento and secured a position in the county recorder's office. Saving money from his salary, after a few months he made his first investment in land, purchasing a lot for $250. In October 1850 he joined an acquaintance, James Ben Ali Haggin, in opening a law office in Sacramento. They moved to San Francisco in 1853. Haggin and Tevis acquired the Rancho Del Paso land grant near Sacramento.
Haggin and Tevis married sisters, daughters of Colonel Lewis Sanders, a Kentuckian who had emigrated to California. Tevis married Susan G. Sanders on April 20, 1854. The Tevises were the parents of three sons and two daughters. His daughter Louise married John Witherspoon Breckinridge, a son of former Vice President John C. Breckinridge, in 1877.
Tevis was one of the principal owners of the California Steam Navigation Company and one of the projectors of telegraph lines throughout California. In the negotiations for the sale of the California State Telegraph Company to the Western Union Telegraph Company, it is said that his profits and commissions amounted to $200,000. He was also the leading promoter of the California Dry Dock and the California Market in San Francisco, the president and principal owner of the Pacific Ice Company; and one of the early manufacturers of illuminating gas in California. At one time Tevis owned 1,300 miles of stagecoach lines in California, horse-drawn streetcar lines in San Francisco, and ranch lands with thousands of head of cattle and sheep.
He was a pioneer in the reclamation of "tule" or swamp lands in central California.
Wells Fargo and railroading
In the 1860s, Tevis was one of the men responsible for development of various railroads in and around San Francisco, including the San Francisco and San Jose Railroad, Oakland Short Lines, and the first iteration of the Southern Pacific Railroad. In 1868, he sold his railroad interests to the Central Pacific Railroad's "Big Four" of Collis P. Huntington, Leland Stanford, Mark Hopkins and Charles Crocker.
In May 1868 Tevis joined Darius Ogden Mills, H.D. Bacon, Stanford, Hopkins and Crocker (the latter three part of the Central Pacific "Big Four") in forming the Pacific Union Express Company. This concern began operating in 1868 between Reno and Virginia City, Nevada, and received a ten-year exclusive contract to operate over the Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroads. Stock of Wells Fargo & Company declined in price, Tevis and his associates purchased quantities of it, and by the fall of 1869 he was in a position to control Wells Fargo. Faced with the need to get Tevis' exclusive railroad contract, in the so-called Omaha Conference of October 4, 1869, Wells Fargo accepted Tevis' controlling interest and arranged for the consolidation of Pacific Union Express and Wells Fargo, which occurred in 1870. Tevis was elected vice president and a director of Wells Fargo in 1870.
Elected president of Wells Fargo in 1872, Tevis served in that capacity until 1892. He was also a large shareholder of the Spring Valley Water Company, the Risdon Iron Works, the Occidental & Oriental Steamship Company, and the Sutro Tunnel Company of Virginia City. Tevis was also one of the promoters of the Southern Pacific Railroad, serving briefly as acting president of the company (in place of Stanford) in 1869-70 after its acquisition by the Big Four - Stanford, Hopkins, Crocker and Collis P. Huntington.
Mining interests
A sound operator, Tevis made his most risky ventures when he went into gold, silver and copper mining on a large scale. He was owner or part-owner of gold and silver mines in California, Nevada, Utah, Idaho, and South Dakota. Tevis, Haggin and George Hearst, as Hearst, Haggin, Tevis and Co., owned the Homestake gold mine in the Black Hills and the Ontario silver mine in Utah, and Tevis, Haggin, Hearst and Marcus Daly owned the great Anaconda copper strike in Montana.
In 1897 the Hearst share of the Anaconda copper properties was sold to an English syndicate. Two years later in May 1899, Tevis, Haggin and Daly sold their shares to a syndicate led by John D. Rockefeller. For his share Tevis is said to have received $8 million.
Later life
Tevis said he could think five times as fast as any man in San Francisco. Often he proved it. However, in later years it is said that he relaxed banking practices too much. John J. Valentine, Sr. and other Wells Fargo directors were critical of his administration following an extensive audit in 1891. On August 11, 1892, Tevis was forced out as president of Wells Fargo with Valentine elected his successor. Further pressure resulted in Tevis' resignation from the board of directors a year later, on August 10, 1893.
Two months after selling his interest in the Anaconda properties, Tevis died in San Francisco on July 24, 1899, survived by his wife and five children.
Earthquake of 1906
In the San Francisco earthquake and fire of April 18, 1906, Tevis' son, Dr. Harry Tevis, rescued the opera singers Emma Eames and Marcella Sembrich and brought them to the wooden Tevis mansion on Nob Hill. When it became obvious the next day that the house would be destroyed by the advancing fires, Tevis led them to the safety of North Beach.
See also
History of Wells Fargo
References
Sources
External links
1824 births
1899 deaths
American chief executives
Wells Fargo
American people of Welsh descent
People from Shelbyville, Kentucky
California Steam Navigation Company
19th-century American businesspeople
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69881101
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjors%20Kramer
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Sjors Kramer
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Sjors Kramer (born 19 April 2000) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays for Volendam, as a defender.
References
2000 births
Living people
Dutch footballers
FC Volendam players
Tweede Divisie players
Eerste Divisie players
Association football defenders
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2810238
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frengers
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Frengers
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Frengers, alternatively titled as Frengers: Not Quite Friends, But Not Quite Strangers, is the third album by Danish band Mew, originally released on 7 April 2003. The title is a portmanteau of the words "friend" and "stranger". A frenger is a person who is "not quite a friend but not quite a stranger" according to the album's accompanying booklet.
Six of the album's ten tracks were previously included on Mew's first two albums A Triumph for Man and Half the World Is Watching Me, both of which saw only limited release until they were subsequently rereleased internationally, but were rerecorded for Frengers. The other four are original recordings. The song "Her Voice Is Beyond Her Years" features vocals from Swedish singer Stina Nordenstam and "Symmetry" features vocals from 14-year-old Becky Jarrett from Georgia, US. The Japanese version of Frengers also includes the re-recordings of two more earlier songs, "I Should Have Been a Tsin-Tsi (For You)" and "Wherever".
Track listing
Japanese edition bonus tracks
Personnel
Mew
Jonas Bjerre – electric guitars, acoustic guitar, piano, harmonium, mellotron, synthesizers, vocals
Bo Madsen – electric guitars, acoustic guitar
Johan Wohlert – bass, guitars
Silas Utke Graae Jørgensen – drums, percussion
Additional personnel
Tobias Wilner Bertram - turntables on tracks 6, 8
Rich Costey - ride cymbal on track 6
Klaus Nielsen - piano on track 6
Bo Rande - trumpet on track 10
Damon Tutunjian - additional vocals on track 2, additional guitars on track 9
Patrick Warren - piano on tracks 1, 8
Nick Watts - piano on tracks 4, 10, synthesizers on tracks 9, 10
George Marino - mastering
Stefan Ruiz - photography
Flemming Rasmussen, Troels Alsted, Andreas Hviid, Dan Lefler, Darren Mora and Fred Archanbault - additional engineering
Singles
Notes
a^ Re-released in 2000, 2002 and 2003. Peaked at #76 on the UK Singles Chart in 2002.
b^ Re-released in 2003. Peaked at #137 on UK Singles Chart on its first release.
References
2003 albums
Mew (band) albums
Albums produced by Joshua (record producer)
Albums produced by Rich Costey
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62251585
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OK%20boomer
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OK boomer
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"OK boomer" is a catchphrase and Internet meme often used by teenagers and young adults to dismiss or mock attitudes typically associated with baby boomers, people born in the two decades following World War II. However, it has increasingly been used to refer to pre-millennial people in general, regardless of when they were actually born. The phrase first drew widespread attention due to a November 2019 TikTok video in response to an older man, though the phrase had been coined years before that.
Considered by some to be ageist, the phrase has developed into a retort for perceived resistance to technological change, climate change denial, marginalization of members of minority groups, or opposition to younger generations' values. The phrase has also been used commercially to sell merchandise and has been the subject of multiple trademark applications.
Origin
The first recorded instance of "OK boomer" is in a Reddit comment on 29 January 2009, and it appeared in 2015 on 4chan. "OK boomer" reached mass popularity in 2019 as a reaction to an unidentified older man's "rant" on TikTok, in which he repeated conservative commentators' talking points condemning supposedly "infantile" generations "hobbled" by social media and participation trophies. He said, "millennials and Generation Z have the Peter Pan syndrome [...] they don't ever want to grow up [and] they think that the utopian ideals that they have in their youth are somehow going to translate into adulthood". Thousands of viewers responded with "OK boomer" as "a sophisticated, mass retaliation" against the impact of past generations.
Usage
The phrase has been used as a retort for perceived resistance to technological change, climate change denial, marginalization of members of minority groups, or opposition to younger generations' ideals. Various media publications have noted the meme's usage on social media platforms beyond TikTok, and The New York Times wrote that "teenagers use it to reply to cringey YouTube videos, Donald Trump tweets, and basically any person over 30 who says something condescending about young peopleand the issues that matter to them." , videos tagged with #OkBoomer on TikTok had been viewed nearly 3.8 billion times.
In early November 2019, while giving a speech supporting a climate change bill, New Zealand MP Chlöe Swarbrick claimed that the average age of parliamentarians was 49 years old, and Gen X MP Todd Muller interrupted her, to which she responded "OK boomer". She wrote in an article in The Guardian that her comment "symbolised exhaustion of multiple generations." Swarbrick received widespread support on social media, as well as criticism for allegedly promoting ageism, including by the MP Christopher Bishop.
A July 2019 song titled "OK boomer" fuelled the meme like an anthem, with cutting lyrics. During halftime of the Harvard-Yale football game on 23 November 2019, climate change protesters interrupted the game by rushing the field and remained even after they were asked to leave, instead chanting "OK boomer."
On 9 January 2020, during the Jeopardy! The Greatest of All Time tournament, "OK boomer" was the answer to a 400-point question in the "OK" category: "A 2019 New York Times article says this 2-word phrase 'marks the end of friendly generational relations'." Ken Jennings elicited laughter from the audience with the response, "I get to say it to Alex! What is 'OK, boomer'?" The phrase was used by US Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts on 15 January 2020, as part of questioning for the Babb v. Wilkie age discrimination case.
On 2 March 2020, streamer Neekolul posted a video of lip-syncing and dancing to the Senzawa song "Oki Doki Boomer" while wearing a Bernie 2020 shirt. With more than 6 million views in four days and more than 30 million that month, viewer reception was mixed between cute and cringeworthy.
Commercialization
A hoodie bearing the phrase "OK boomer have a terrible day", generated more than in sales by 1 November 2019. Multiple trademark applications have been filed for "OK boomer", including one from Fox Media with the intent to launch "an ongoing television series featuring reality competition, comedy, and game shows".
Reception
Some commentators have considered the phrase to be ageist. The conservative radio host Bob Lonsberry went as far as labeling the word "boomer" as "the N-word of ageism" in a widely criticized and soon deleted tweet. Furthermore, Lonsberry stated that "being hip and flip does not make bigotry OK, nor is a derisive epithet acceptable because it is new". The Late Show with Stephen Colbert mocked him: "Clearly this fella needs to play the hot new game: 'Is This The New N-Word?' No, it's not. Thank you for playing." Francine Prose of The Guardian suggested that the phrase reflects general cultural acceptance of discrimination against older generations. Also writing for The Guardian, Bhaskar Sunkara criticized the meme and said that baby boomers instead "need solidarity" because many "older workers and retirees are struggling to survive" as "half of Americans approaching age 65 have less than $25,000 in savings". In an interview, AARP executive Myrna Blyth told Axios, "OK, millennials. But we're the people that actually have the money." Several French politicians have also accused the phrase of being ageist, with MP Audrey Dufeu Schubert (La République en Marche!) deeming it an ageist slur in a special report on "succeeding in bridging the generational gap and fighting ageism".
Other reactions have been more mixed or even positive. According to India Ross of the Financial Times, the phrase has "come to symbolise a generational cultural fracture" with attacks on its use from baby boomers perhaps only serving to increase its power and use. Clémence Michallon of The Independent applauded the phrase as "just the right amount of dismissive" while warning against its overuse. Miyo McGinn of Grist applauded the term, writing, "This joy undeniably stems from righteous indignation as much as simple amusement—the two words feel downright poetic after years of hearing my generation blamed for 'killing' everything from restaurant chains to department stores to relationships." Some have commented that the term should be considered a shorthand term for "The Establishment" rather than targeting a specific age group.
"OK boomer" one of the top five words for the year 2019 as selected by readers of a blog published on PublicAddress.net. It was nominated for a similar designation by a university in Switzerland, landing in second place. The phrase is on Lake Superior State University's 45th annual Banished Words List.
See also
Generationism
Me generation
Generation snowflake
Intergenerational conflict
"Don't trust anyone over 30"
A group where we all pretend to be boomers
Kids these days
References
Age-related stereotypes
Ageism
Baby boomers
Catchphrases
Cultural generations
Internet memes introduced in 2019
Pejorative terms for people
Youth culture
2010s neologisms
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57238479
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copaeodes%20aurantiaca
|
Copaeodes aurantiaca
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Copaeodes aurantiaca, the orange skipperling, is a species of grass skipper in the butterfly family Hesperiidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Copaeodes aurantiaca is 4009.
References
Further reading
Hesperiinae
Articles created by Qbugbot
Butterflies described in 1868
Butterflies of North America
Butterflies of Central America
Taxa named by William Chapman Hewitson
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27301616
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan%20Smiljani%C4%87%20%28rower%29
|
Ivan Smiljanić (rower)
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Ivan Smiljanić (born 16 April 1981) is a rower who represented the combined team of Serbia and Montenegro at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.
Career
Smiljanić was born in 1981 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. He rowed for the California Golden Bears, Berkeley (USA) and served as their team captain before graduating with a degree in economics and political science. While at Cal he won two gold medals as well as a bronze at national championships on top of the two gold and silver medals he won at Pac-10s. Smiljanić also rowed in the 2000 Olympic Games as a member of the Serbian National Team in the coxless four. He won two gold, two silver and a bronze at World Rowing Junior Championships.
Smiljanić coached Oakland Strokes, a high school rowing club, from 2006 to 2010.
Personal life
In October of 2016 a 34-foot boat, the Khaleesi, capsized off the shore of San Francisco near Pier 39 during Fleet Week. Ivan was one of 4 owners. A 4 year-old child was pulled from the boat not breathing but people on the boat were able to save his life. Authorities investigated whether the ship, which had 30 people on board, was overloaded but found no wrongdoing.
References
Living people
1981 births
Serbian male rowers
Olympic rowers of Serbia and Montenegro
Rowers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
External Links
Owner Of Yacht That Capsized In SF Bay Could Face Felony Charges (2016).
Child Recovers After Boat Capsizes, Throwing 30 Into SF Bay (2016).
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornyosp%C3%A1lca
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Tornyospálca
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Tornyospálca is a village in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, in the Northern Great Plain region of eastern Hungary.
Geography
It covers an area of and has a population of 2770 people (2015).
History
The village was built in the form of a spindle around the former water level, encircling the predecessor of today's Reformed church in the middle. A number of Stone and Bronze Age finds have been unearthed on the outskirts of the settlement, such as the case tomb and the bronze sword from the area called “Sírkutgaz”.
His name was first mentioned in documents in 1212. In the Middle Ages, the Bánffy and then the Losonczi family owned a village of 15-20 serf plots. From the 18th century it was owned by the family of Count Forgách until the 20th century.
The village still has a living Kuruc tradition. II. Ferenc Rákóczi spent 9 days (January 3--11) in the village in 1706, many locals, whose names are also known, joined the regiment of Tamás Esze.
During the Revolution of 1848-49 and the War of Independence, a very significant number of soldiers and officers from Tornyospálca fought.
In World War I, 50 soldiers died heroic deaths. In 1923, the village erected the very first heroic monument of Felső-Szabolcs from public donations. At the end of World War II, the village mourned more than half a hundred heroic dead; the names of the deceased were engraved on the World War I memorial.
When the Soviet troops withdrew in 1991, a military loading base was established in Tornyospálca, where tactical equipment, transport vehicles and the building elements of the demolished Soviet barracks were transferred from the standard-gauge Hungarian trains to the wide-gauge Soviet wagons.
Economy
The first cooperative was established in 1949 under the name Lenin. In 1961, Tornyospálca became a “production cooperative village” again, and the cooperative II. He took the name of Ferenc Rákóczi. From 1972, under the leadership of President Béla Agárdy, the cooperative achieved national success. Through its activities, it became a nationwide economy four times between 1976 and 1980. In 1992, in political overheating after the regime change, the cooperative was liquidated. Currently, locals farm several smaller and larger plots of land. Apple cultivation plays a major role, with nearly one and a half million apple trees on the outskirts of the village, but other fruits are also grown.
References
Populated places in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasper%20Steverlinck
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Jasper Steverlinck
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Jasper Steverlinck (born 30 April 1976) is a Belgian Flemish singer and guitarist for Ghent-based Arid.
Steverlinck and his band Arid were finalists at Humo's Rock Rally in 1996. In 2000, Arid released their debut album Little Things of Venom and the follow-up All Is Quiet Now in 2002. Arid also performed several years at Rock Werchter.
In 2002 Steverlinck also started a solo career. His first single, "Life on Mars" in 2003 was a huge success. The single stayed at the top of the Ultratop 50 Official singles chart in Belgium for 8 weeks. His solo album Songs of Innocence also peaked at number one for 5 weeks. In 2005, he became ill with toxoplasmosis and could not work for a long while. He returned to music in 2008 with Arid's third album All Things Come in Waves. In 2012, Steverlinck focussed again on his solo career working with his brother.
In parallel, he became the singer of the newly-created project progressive metal band Guilt Machine, by Dutch musician Arjen Anthony Lucassen (creator of Ayreon among others), in 2009. He was featured in their only album, On This Perfect Day, released in 2009.
He also appeared as a guest singer on "Firelight", a song by the Dutch symphonic metal band Within Temptation from their seventh studio album Resist.
In popular culture
In 2001 Steverlinck went to work as a voice actor when he took on the role of Johnny in the movie Haunted Castle.
In 2011–2012, he became one of four coaches in the talent show The Voice van Vlaanderen. Glenn Claes part of his Team Jasper Steverlinck won the inaugural season 1 of the talent show. In 2013, another of his team contestants Paulien Mathues won again on season 2 of the show.
Discography
Albums
Songs of Innocence (2004)
Uncut (2017), EP
Night Prayer (2018)
Singles
References
External links
Official website
1976 births
Living people
English-language singers from Belgium
21st-century Belgian male singers
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36032674
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Sinister%20Spire
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The Sinister Spire
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The Sinister Spire is an adventure module for the 3.5 edition of the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game.
Plot summary
The Sinister Spire begins where the waters of a sunless sea met a pebble-strewn shore, beyond which opens a wide Underdark vista shimmerling with pale cave-light. Titanic columns as big as castles in a line stretch miles into the misted distance. The player characters must explore the spire-city and face the terrors that lurk within.
Publication history
The Sinister Spire was written by Bruce R. Cordell and Ari Marmell, and was published in June 2007. Cover art was by Steve Prescott, with interior art by Wayne England.
Reception
References
Dungeons & Dragons modules
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40201549
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagodi
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Nagodi
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Nagodi is a village in Shimoga district, Karnataka, India. It is located 14 km from Kollur towards Shimoga and the Kodachadri hilltop.
References
Villages in Udupi district
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58529784
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%20Legislative%20Black%20Caucus
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Georgia Legislative Black Caucus
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The Georgia Legislative Black Caucus is the caucus of African-American members of the Georgia General Assembly. It was established in 1975, and is currently the largest caucus of black state legislators in the country in terms of members.
History
Prior to the election of Senator Leroy Johnson, fifty-eight black legislators served in the General Assembly from 1868, when the first 33 African-American members were elected, to 1907, when W. H. Rogers resigned. From 1907 to 1962, African-Americans were effectively barred from voting or running in state elections by poll taxes and literacy tests; until 1946, African-Americans were prohibited from participating in the white primaries ran by the Democratic Party of Georgia. However, the impact of the court cases King v. Chapman, Gray v. Sanders, and Wesberry v. Sanders as well as passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 had opened voter registration to blacks resulted in the election of Senator Johnson (1962) as well as the election of the first eight black House members since 1907 in 1965: six from Atlanta (William Alexander, Julian Bond, Benjamin Brown, Julius C. Daugherty, J. D. Grier, and Grace Towns Hamilton) and one each from Columbus (Albert Thompson) and Augusta (Richard Dent). By 1972, fourteen African-American members were serving in the General Assembly when Johnson began convening informal gatherings of the black legislators to discuss issues of importance to African-American members. In 1975, the Georgia Legislative Black Caucus was formally incorporated and first chaired by Rep. Benjamin Brown.
Chairs
Rep. Benjamin Brown (1973-1976)
Rep. Bobby Hill (1976-1979)
Rep. Calvin Smyre (1979-1980)
Rep. William Randall (1980-1982)
Senator Al Scott (1982-1984)
Rep. Sanford Bishop
Senator Charles Walker
Rep. Bob Holmes
Rep. Mike Thurmond
Rep. Georganna Sinkfield
Sen. Diana Harvey Johnson
Rep. Carl Von Epps, Jr.
Senator Ed Harbison
Rep. Stan Watson
Rep. Al Williams
Senator Emanuel Jones
Rep. Dee Dawkins-Haigler
Senator Lester G. Jackson
Rep. Karen Bennett (politician)
Notes
External links
Georgia Legislative Black Caucus, Inc. (GLBC) website
Georgia General Assembly
State Legislative Black Caucuses
African-American state legislators in Georgia (U.S. state)
1975 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Marco
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Joseph Marco
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Joseph Cecil Marco (born October 4, 1988) is a Filipino actor, model, singer and endorser who played the role of Santi Domingo in the GMA Network Philippine drama series La Vendetta and who is currently a Star Magic artist in the ABS-CBN, who appeared in Sabel, Honesto, Pasión de Amor and played Diego Torillo in Wildflower (TV series). Before this, he used to appear on several commercials like E-Aji Dip Snax, Downy and Head & Shoulders. On September 15, 2007, he was launched as part of the 15 new discoveries of GMA Artist Center, and was one of the first few who was quickly given a project via La Vendetta.
Biography
Joseph Cecil Marco, born on October 4, 1988, is of German, Italian and Spanish descent from his father's side. He is the fourth of eight children of his parents, having an elder sister who resides in California, two elder brothers, and four younger sisters. He is the nephew of DZMM anchor Tita Norma Marco.
Marco graduated high school in Faith Christian School in Cainta, Rizal in 2005 and did not finish college after he was discovered by his manager in Eastwood City. He said, "Nagulat nga po ako na first VTR ko, nakapasa agad ako." (I was surprised that I got approved on my first VTR.) during the initial presscon of La Vendetta.
Marco currently dates Russian Darja Romanova, previously dated Miss Philippines Earth 2019 Celeste Cortesi who now dates football player, model and 4Ps beneficiary Mathew Custodio.
Career
2007–2009
After his first commercial, he came up more TV commercials with products such as Coca-Cola, E-Aji Dip Snax and Downy.
Marco signed up with GMA Artist Center in September 2007. He was one of the first of his batch to have been given a TV project when he was added to the cast of the then airing TV drama series, La Vendetta. Here, he played the role of a geek teenager Santi Domingo. At the initial phase of their presentation as new artists, Marco was able to guest at different programmes on GMA such as Showbiz Central, SOP Rules and Nuts Entertainment.
In 2007, he was included in Philippines' Cosmopolitan magazine's 2007 69 Bachelors but did not join the fashion show held at The Fort. For the fantasy TV drama, Dyesebel, he played an assistant named 'Joseph'
2010–2014
In 2010, Marco transferred network to ABS-CBN. Marco was picked to be one of the lead cast in ABS-CBN's show Sabel as Raymond Sandoval, with Jessy Mendiola and AJ Perez. Marco also appeared in some episodes of the anthology, Maalaala Mo Kaya.
In 2014, he played the main role of Dave Martinez in the afternoon TV series entitled Pure Love, alongside Alex Gonzaga and Yen Santos.
2015–present
In March 2015, ASAP launched Joseph's newest boy group called "Harana" together with his co-members, Marlo Mortel, Bryan Santos and Michael Pangilinan with their carrier single, "Number One". He was one of the main cast of the primetime series Pasión de Amor, a Philippine remake of Pasión de Gavilanes, that aired in June 2015.
In 2016, Joseph joined the cast of "Dolce Amore". He played the role of River Cruz and became the new rival of Tenten to Serena's heart.
In 2017, he was cast as one of the leading men in the ABS-CBN teleserye, Wildflower. Joseph played the role of Diego Ardiente Torillo, whose parents caused the death of Ivy's – the female lead – parents. His character later challenged Ivy's plans, of which falling in love was not included.
In 2019, after taking a 10-month hiatus from teleseryes, he joined the cast of Los Bastardos, another ABS-CBN teleserye. Joseph played the lead role of Lorenzo Cardinal, one of the sons of Don Roman Cardinal.
In 2020, he portrayed the role of Avel Mansueto in Ang sa Iyo ay Akin.
Filmography
Discography
Harana (2015)
Accolades
References
External links
1988 births
Living people
ABS-CBN personalities
Filipino male child actors
Filipino male film actors
Filipino Christians
Filipino evangelicals
Filipino male models
Filipino people of German descent
Filipino people of Spanish descent
GMA Network personalities
Male actors from Rizal
Star Magic
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1166416
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Berlind
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Roger Berlind
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Roger Stuart Berlind (June 27, 1930December 18, 2020) was a New York City theatrical producer and board member of Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc. and Lehman Brothers Inc. He was one of the founders of Carter, Berlind, Potoma & Weill in 1960, a company that would later through Sandy Weill become Shearson Loeb Rhoades, which was eventually sold to American Express in 1981 for approximately $930 million in stock.
Early life
Berlind was born to a Jewish family in New York City, to Mae (née Miller) and Peter Sydney Berlind, a hospital administrator. He attended Princeton University and received his bachelor's degree in English in 1954 after completing an 82-page long senior thesis titled "The Quest of the Ideal in the Plays of Yeats and Synge". Berlind was a member of the Princeton Tower Club. The crash of Eastern Air Lines Flight 66 on June 24, 1975 killed his wife, Helen Polk Clark, and three of his four children.
Theatrical career
His theatrical producing career began in 1976. Since then, he has produced or co-produced more than forty plays and musicals on Broadway and many off-Broadway and regional theatre productions as well. His Broadway productions have won numerous Tony Awards. Among them are Amadeus, Nine, Long Day's Journey Into Night, Ain't Misbehavin', Guys and Dolls, Hamlet, Passion, A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum, Copenhagen, Kiss Me, Kate, Proof, the Pulitzer Prize-winning Anna in the Tropics, the 2004 revival of Wonderful Town, Curtains, and Deuce.
In 2003, the 360-seat Roger S. Berlind Theatre opened in the McCarter Theatre Center at Princeton University. Princeton's Roger S. Berlind Professorship in the Humanities, previously held by Joyce Carol Oates, is currently held by Tracy K. Smith. In 2009, he was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame.
See also
Cogan, Berlind, Weill & Levitt
Theatre
New York City
References
External links
Testimony of Roger S. Berlind on behalf of the League of American Theatres and Producers, Inc.
Person Tearsheet
Washingtonpost.com: The Ethics Squeeze
1930 births
2020 deaths
Princeton University alumni
American entertainment industry businesspeople
American theatre managers and producers
American Jews
Lehman Brothers people
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3971374
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asaf%20Messerer
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Asaf Messerer
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Asaf Mikhailovich Messerer (Russian: Асаф Михайлович Мессерер, November 19, 1903 - March 7, 1992) was a highly influential Soviet ballet dancer and ballet teacher. He was born in Vilnius, Lithuania. From 1919 until 1921 he trained as a dancer at the Moscow Bolshoi Ballet School. He then joined the Bolshoi Theatre, where he became one of its most important principal soloists, a position he retired from in 1954.
Today Messerer is best remembered as a choreographer and an instructor; he was both the choreographer and ballet master for the Bolshoi Theatre. His book Classes in Classical Ballet is a thorough study of proper ballet technique and is still used today.
Messerer was the brother of Sulamith Messerer and Rachel Messerer and the uncle of Maya Plisetskaya, Alexander Plisetski and Azari Plisetski, as well as of Mikhail Messerer. He was married to silent film star, Anel Sudakevich (). They had one son, Boris Messerer (). He won multiple awards from the USSR and from Lithuania.
See also
List of Russian ballet dancers
External links
Asaf Messerer, soloist (1940): Ribbon Dance, Music by Reinhold Gliere (1875-1956), Choreography by Messerer and Lashchulin, Open Source Movies
Archive film of Asaf Messerer's Spring Waters in 1979 at Jacob's Pillow
1903 births
1992 deaths
Dancers from Vilnius
People from Vilensky Uyezd
Plisetski–Messerer family
Lithuanian Jews
Soviet male ballet dancers
Ballet choreographers
Soviet choreographers
Ballet teachers
Soviet educators
Jewish dancers
Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples
People's Artists of the USSR
People's Artists of the RSFSR
Stalin Prize winners
Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery
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46507924
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlindo%20Pinheiro
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Arlindo Pinheiro
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Arlindo Pinheiro (27 March 1971) he is a São Tomé and Principe athlete, who competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in the Men's 110m hurdles he finished 6th in his heat and failed to advance. He also competed at the 1999 World Championships in Athletics and the 2003 World Championships in Athletics.
References
1971 births
Living people
São Tomé and Príncipe male hurdlers
Olympic athletes of São Tomé and Príncipe
Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
World Athletics Championships athletes for São Tomé and Príncipe
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2078626
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20Morgan%20Centre
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De Morgan Centre
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The De Morgan Centre for the Study of 19th Century Art and Society was a gallery in the London Borough of Wandsworth, England, which was home for a few years to the De Morgan Collection.
From 2002 the De Morgan Centre provided public access to the De Morgan Collection in a dedicated gallery named the De Morgan Centre, which was based in the former West Hill Reference Library in Wandsworth, South West London. The West Hill Library closed on 28 September 2007 and latterly, the De Morgan Foundation shared the building with Wandsworth Museum. Both the De Morgan Centre and Wandsworth Museum closed to the public on 28 June 2014 due to the discontinuation of their lease by the building's freeholder Wandsworth Council.
Since the closure of the De Morgan Centre, the De Morgan Foundation continues to display the collection to the public at Cannon Hall, Watts Gallery - Artists' Village, and Wightwick Manor.
References
External links
Official website
Defunct art galleries in London
Museums in the London Borough of Wandsworth
Decorative arts museums in England
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50905297
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song%20Yang
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Song Yang
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Song Yang may refer to:
Yang Song (born 1989), Chinese trampolinist
Song Yang (badminton) (born 1965), Australian badminton player
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42101346
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei%20Ivanovich%20Vasiliev
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Sergei Ivanovich Vasiliev
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Sergei Ivanovich Vasiliev (in Russian: Сергей Иванович Васильев; born in 1961 in St. Petersburg, Russia) is a member company of the Guild of Purveyors to the Kremlin and owner of Soyuz Corporation.
Early life and education
Sergei Vasiliev was educated at the Admiral Makarov State Maritime Academy in St. Petersburg, Russia, which trains specialists to serve on the civil and commercial fleet.
Career
Business
Sergei Ivanovich Vasiliev began his career in December 1987 at "Мorskaya Chayka" (Seagull) Corporation. Between 1987 and 2000, he created and headed a number of companies, the majority of which dealt with the import and trade of food commodities. In 2002, Vasiliev established the Soyuz Corporation, which bears the stamp of the Official Purveyor to the Moscow Kremlin and is a leading producer of special-purpose fats for the Russian food industry.
Political
In 2009, Sergei Vasiliev was appointed the President of the Guild.
Awards
Sergei Vasiliev has received numerous awards from Russian officials and religious figures. He has been awarded the Highest Public Award of the Russian Federation for the wealth and propensity of Russia in the sphere of food production. Additionally, he has received the prestigious order badge from the Russian Orthodox Church.
References
1961 births
Living people
Russian businesspeople
People from Saint Petersburg
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24039380
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual%20abuse%20scandal%20in%20Springfield%20in%20Massachusetts%20diocese
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Sexual abuse scandal in Springfield in Massachusetts diocese
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The sexual abuse scandal in Springfield in Massachusetts diocese is a significant episode in the series of Catholic sex abuse cases in the United States and Ireland.
Edward Paquette affair
Although he established the Diocesan Misconduct Commission in response to sexual abuse among the clergy, bishop John Aloysius Marshall accepted Rev. Edward Paquette despite the repeated allegations of child molestation against him. Marshall even said that he was "determined to take the risk of leaving [Paquette] in his present assignment" despite "the demands of...irate parents that 'something be done about this.'"
Richard R. Lavigne affair
Richard R. Lavigne was a priest of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Springfield in Massachusetts. Lavigne has been at the center of the Priest Abuse Scandal in the Diocese of Springfield in Massachusetts with about 40 claims of sexual abuse of minors placed against him. The Diocese has paid out large cash settlements to numerous people purported to have been molested by Lavigne. He was removed from ministry by Bishop John A. Marshall in 1991.
Resignation of bishop Dupré
After thirteen years as Bishop, Thomas Ludger Dupré resigned due to unspecified health reasons on February 11, 2004. His resignation came one day after The Springfield Republican confronted him with accusations of sexual abuse from two men who had known Dupré when he was a parish priest and they were altar boys. Dupre was also accused by local clergy of covering up abuse charges against other priests, including Richard R. Lavigne.
Grand jury indictment
On September 24, 2004, bishop Dupré was indicted by a Hampden County grand jury on two counts of child molestation. He thus became the first Catholic bishop ever to be indicted of sexual abuse.
Statute of limitation running out
The Springfield district attorney's office was forced to drop the charges against Dupré because the statute of limitations had run out. He then entered St. Luke Institute, a private Catholic psychiatric hospital in Silver Spring, Maryland. As of June 2006, he continued to list his residence as St. Luke's.
References
Catholic Church sexual abuse scandals in the United States
Roman Catholic Diocese of Springfield in Massachusetts
Child sexual abuse in the United States
Sexual abuse cover-ups
Incidents of violence against boys
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42923956
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sannine%20Formation
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Sannine Formation
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The Sannine Formation also called the Sannine Limestone is a Cretaceous geologic formation in Lebanon.
Description
It is primarily Cenomanian in age. The formation laterally varies from east to west; the western lowland "coastal" sequence is over 2000 metres thick and primarily consists of deep water limestone and chalk, while the eastern "mountain" sequence is 500–700 metres thick and consists of shallow water limestone. Pterosaur fossils have been recovered from the formation, including those of Mimodactylus and Microtuban. The pythonomorphs Pontosaurus, Eupodophis and probably Aphanizocnemus are known from the formation. Insects are also known from compression fossils, including those of a dragonfly, enigmatic pond-skater like insect Chresmoda. and a mesoblattinid cockroach. Compression fossils of angiosperm Sapindopsis are also known. Numerous species of fossil fish are known, including Ionoscopid Spathiurus dorsalis and pycnodontid Flagellipinna rhomboides.
See also
List of pterosaur-bearing stratigraphic units
References
Geologic formations of Lebanon
Cretaceous System of Asia
Albian Stage
Cenomanian Stage
Limestone formations
Marl formations
Lagoonal deposits
Lagerstätten
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of Asia
Paleontology in Lebanon
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2321604
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%20profanity
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Spanish profanity
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The Spanish language employs a wide range of swear words that vary between Spanish speaking nations and in regions and subcultures of each nation. Idiomatic expressions, particularly profanity, are not always directly translatable into other languages, and so most of the English translations offered in this article are very rough and most likely do not reflect the full meaning of the expression they intend to translate.
Overview
In Spanish, as in most languages, swear words tend to come from semantic domains considered taboo, such as human excretions, sexuality, and religion, and swearing serves several functions in discourse.
Spanish insults are often of a sexual nature, taking the form of implying a lack of sexual decency if the insulted person is a woman (e.g. puta, "whore", perra "bitch") or implying a lack of masculinity if the insulted person is male (e.g. maricón "faggot", puto "male prostitute"). A particularly forceful Spanish insult is any mention of someone else's mother, including also in its strongest form (e.g. ¡me cago en tu puta madre! "fuck your whore of a mother!", in which "me cago" out of context means "I shit", but in this sentence it expresses disregard).
Emphatic exclamations, not aimed to insult but to express strong emotion, often include words for sexual relations (e.g. ¡joder! "fuck!", ¡chingados! "fuckers!") or to excretions or sexual organs (¡mierda! "shit!", ¡coño! "pussy!"). Sexual taboo words that describe a masculine sexuality may be used in a positive sense (e.g. cabrón "male goat", gallo "rooster", cerdo "pig").
References to sexual acts
The following words are indicative of a variety of sexual acts, especially sexual intercourse and masturbation, though mostly limited to specific geographic regions.
Chingar
chingar—originating from the Basque verb txingartu, meaning "to burn with coal" or from Caló (Spanish Romani) word čingarár, meaning "to fight". In the work La Chingada, it was famously applied to La Malinche, the mistress of Hernán Cortés.
Chingado/da
The word is derived from "chingar" which means "to fuck", which came from the Romani language word for "fight" used by the Gitanos. This word has many meanings in the Spanish language, most limited to Mexico:
Adjective for damage (e.g. "Este niño se subió a la bicicleta y ahora su rodilla está chingada" – "This kid rode his bike and now his knee is fucked up/fucking damaged.")
Noun for a bad place to go (e.g. "¡Ya me tienes harto! ¡Vete a la chingada!" – "I'm done with you! Go fuck yourself!/Get the fuck out of here!")
Interjection (e.g. "¿Se sacó todas bien el tonto? ¡Ah, chingado!" – "Did the dumb guy get all the questions right? Oh, fuck!")
Adjective for awful (e.g. "Este restaurante está de la chingada" – "This restaurant is fucking awful.")
These words are often used in the following contexts:
"¡Hijo de la chingada!" (idiom, adjective) "Son of a fuck!"
"¡Chingada madre!" (interjection) = "Motherfucker!"
"¡Vete a la chingada!" (noun) = "Go fuck yourself!" or "Get the fuck out of here!"
Chingón/a
Like , the word comes from . When used to describe a person, it describes someone who likes to fight, or a troublemaker (i.e. one who causes trouble, especially one who does so deliberately).
Follar
follar—used particularly in Spain and to a lesser extent in Cuba, but rarely found elsewhere. Follar literally means "to blow air with the bellows" and probably refers to panting during sex.
Joder
The verb joder/joderse is a harsh way of saying "to bother" and its English equivalent is "fuck". It can literally mean "to fuck somebody" e.g. anoche, Juan y su novia jodieron ("last night Juan and his girlfriend fucked"), or it can mean "to annoy", "to ruin", etc. no me jodas (don't annoy/bother me), or lo has jodido (you've fucked it up). It can be used as an adjective, like the English "fucking" (jodido) and is often used as a light interjection: ¡Joder! Olvidé mi abrigo ("Fuck! I've forgotten my coat").
Alternative ways of referring to sexual intercourse include: follar, echar un polvo (Argentina, Spain), coger (Argentina, Mexico), chimar, pisar (Central America), culear (Argentina, Chile and Colombia), singar (Cuba), garchar, mojar la chaucha, ponerla (Argentina) and cachar (Peru).
Remojar el cochayuyo
Remojar el cochayuyo (lit.: to soak the cochayuyo)—used in Chile The expression alludes to the cochayuyo algae that is harvested on Chile's coast. The algae is preserved by sun-drying. To be used for cooking, it then needs to be softened by soaking in water.
References to the male genitalia
Cojón
Cojón (plural cojones) is slang for "testicle" and may be used as a synonym for "guts" or what it takes", hence making it equivalent to English balls or bollocks.
A common expression in Spain is anything to the effect of hace lo que le sale de los cojones ("does whatever comes out of his/her balls"), meaning "does whatever the fuck he/she wants". Variations are sale de los huevos, sale de las pelotas, etc. A common Basque aphorism is los de Bilbao nacemos donde nos sale de los cojones ("we Bilbao natives are born wherever the fuck we want").
Sometimes, to denote obnoxious or overbearing behavior from someone else, idiom tocar los cojones/huevos/pelotas/ ... ("to touch someone else's balls") comes to play. For instance: Venga, dame eso y para ya de tocarme los cojones ("Come on, give me that and stop bothering me.") It can sometimes be an understatement: A principios de los treinta, los nazis ya empezaban a tocar los cojones (meaning, roughly, "At the beginning of the 1930s, the Nazis were already being an annoyance.").
It is also frequent to derive other words, such as adjectival form cojonudo (lit.: "ballsy"), indicating admiration. A famous Navarran brand of asparagus has this name.
Cojones also denotes courageous behavior or character. Acts of courage or bravery are expressed by using the word cojones. For example, "Hay que tener cojones para hacer eso" ("it takes cojones to do that").
It is sometimes used, at least in Spain, as a suffix, complement or termination to a word or name in order to confer it a derisive or overbearing quality. For instance: el Marcos de los cojones ("That fucking guy Marcos"), ¡Dame ya la maleta de los cojones! ("Give me the fucking suitcase why don't you!") However, it is more common to use "de cojones" as a superlative, as in Es bajo de cojones ("He's short as hell" or "He's short as fuck").
The phrases me importa un cojón or me importa un huevo mean "I don't give a fuck about" In alternative variations one would raise the number, usually to three: me importa tres cojones.
Cojones alone can also be used much like the four-word exclamations, though less usually; it is frequently a giveaway for native Catalan speakers when they speak Spanish, as collons is used much more profusely in situations akin to those for "fuck" or "shit".
Tocarse los cojones/los huevos/las pelotas/las peras (lit. "to touch one's own balls") stands for idleness or laziness. The fact that this is not a well-known expression in the United States may have been the excuse, according to some sources, for the April 2011 dismissal of a Princeton Spanish senior lecturer, with tragic consequences. In Chile, this term is unused; the preferred expression is rascarse las huevas (lit. "to scratch one's own balls").
Carajo
Carajo (lit.: "crow's nest") is used in Spain in reference to the penis. In Latin America (except Chile), it is a commonly used generic interjection similar to "fuck!" "shit!" or "damn it!" in English. For example: Nos vamos a morir, ¡carajo! ("We're gonna die, fuck!") or a far away place, likened to hell: ¡Vete al carajo!.
In Argentina, the term "Vamos Carajo" was used in Quilmes advertising in advance of the 2014 FIFA World Cup as a statement or cheer that an Argentine supporter would use to urge their team to victory.
The diminutive carajito is used in the Dominican Republic and Venezuela to refer to (usually annoying) children, or to scold someone for acting immaturely, e.g., No actúes como un carajito ("Don't act like a little dick!").
Caray is a mild minced oath for this word. Ay caray could be translated "Dang it" or "Darn it!" The word caracho is also considered mild like caray.
The connotation of "far away place" is supposedly based on the name of the Cargados Carajos, which belong to Mauritius. Nationalistic chants commonly use the phrase: ¡Viva Cuba, carajo!, ¡Viva el Ecuador, carajo!, and ¡Viva el Perú, carajo!
It is said that the term carajo originated during the Moorish invasion in Spain. The Moors were described as —or "garlic-face"/"garlic-shaped face"—which was later contracted to carajo. In some other parts, cipote can also be used.
Bicho
Bicho (lit.: "bug", "baitworm") is one of the most commonly used references to the penis in Puerto Rico. It is similar to the much less commonly used word pinga. In most other regions it is a non-vulgar reference to an insect or several species of small animals.
In Venezuela, it can be used as an interjection. In El Salvador, it is commonly used as the slang equivalent of "kids". In Nicaragua, and some parts of Costa Rica, bicho is used to reference the vagina. In Spain and the Dominican Republic, Mexico and many other Spanish speaking countries it refers to people (both male and female) who are a negative influence on others, often used as mal bicho ("bad bug"). When applied to children, it can mean one who is misbehaving.
Huevos/Pelotas/Bolas/Albóndigas/Peras
Huevos (literally: "eggs"), pelotas (literally: "balls"), bolas (also literally: "balls"), peras (literally: "pears"), and albóndigas (literally: meatballs) all refer to testicles in a profane manner. They are equivalent to cojones in many situations. In Mexico, the word is not used in a potentially ambiguous situation; instead, one may use the inoffensive blanquillos (literally: "little white ones").
Sometimes the words lavahuevos ("egg-washer") or lamehuevos ("egg-licker") are used in the same context as "brown-noser" (meaning ambitious and self-effacing) in English.
Highly offensive Dominican insults involving this term are mamagüevo/mamagüevos ("egg-sucker") and mamagüevazo ("huge egg-sucker"). Mamagüevo is also used in Venezuela where it is considered less offensive.
Huevada/Huevá (lit.: "covered in egg") is used in Chile, Ecuador, and Peru in reference to objects ("¡Qué huevá más grande!" may translate to "What an annoyance!"). Shortened forms huevá or even weá and wa are usually intended to be less offensive. Many expressions using cojones in other countries are used in Chile with huevas replacing the former word. There's also a local expression: "¿Me hai visto las weas?" (lit. "Have you taken a look at my testicles?") means "How much of a fool do you think I am?".
Ñema (a corruption of yema, meaning "yolk") refers to the glans. The word mamañema is functionally similar to mamagüevo.
Pelotas can have another meaning when it comes to nudity. "Andar en pelotas" means to walk about stark naked.
Oversized testicles as a marker of complacency
Bolsón (lit.: "big bag") One whose testicles are so large, they have a large scrotum which prevents them from working.
Huevón (lit.: "big egg")/Ahueonao/Ahuevoneado/Ahuevado (lit.: "one who has/was gifted large huevos")/Boludo (lit.: "one who has large bolas") is a strong personal reference in many Latin American countries. At times it can be used as an ironic term of endearment, especially in Argentina, the same way as dude or "dawg" in North America (much like güey in Mexico), comparably with Greek malaka. For example, in Chile one would understand a sentence like Puta el huevón huevón, huevón. as "Fuck! That guy is an asshole, dude."
In Mexico, huevón is a pejorative term that usually translates as "slacker". In Mexico, Panama and El Salvador it can be loosely translated as "couch potato." One may also say tengo hueva, meaning "I'm feeling lazy." In the Dominican Republic and Venezuela, güevón/güebón is the preferred form. In Venezuela, it is pronounced more like güevón and, often, ueón. In Chile and Peru, the preferred form to use is huevón (often shortened to hueón or weón) and ahuevonado/aweonao. In Panama, awebao is the popular form, and a good example of the clipping of consonants (and sometimes vowels) in informal Spanish. In Argentina boludo can be used by young people as a culturally appropriated term of endearment (¿cómo andás, boludo? = how are you doing, pal?), but it can also mean "slacker", "idiot", "ignorant", etc. In Chile, Peru and in the Quito region of Ecuador Ni cagando, huevón is a phrase commonly used among youth meaning "Don't even think about it" or "Not a chance". In Mexico, Tenga huevos (literally "Have eggs") translates as "Have some balls". For example, one can hear a Mexican say No corras, ten huevos which means "Don't run away, have some balls".
Verga
Verga (lit.: a "yardarm"—a part of a ship's mast that holds the sails) occurs in a number of Romance languages, including Portuguese and Italian.
In Venezuela it can be used as a vulgar generic filler, as well as a boastful self-reference (similar to the English "That shit" or "I'm the shit"). For example, ¡Soy bien verga! (lit.: "I'm very dick!") means "I'm very good at it!", and ¡Soy la verga andando! (lit.: "I'm the walking dick!") means "I'm the best that there is!". However, in the Venezuelan state of Zulia, the word is commonly used instead of vaina
In Mexico it refers to the penis; "Te voy a meter la verga" means "I'm going to insert my penis in you"; referring to somebody else, "Le metió la verga" or "se la metió" means "he fucked her/him" which may be the literal meaning, or more likely, it means that in a business, he got away with what he wanted for little money. It also have another meanings and derivative terms, for example: "Soy la verga" ("I am the best one"); "Me fué de la verga" (roughly "something bad happened to me"); "Me vale verga" ("I don't care"); "Vergueé" ("I ruined it", "I failed"); "Me verguearon" ("They defeated me"); "Me pusieron una verguiza" ("They scolded me", "They beat me"); "Vergón" ("cocky", "cool", "sexy"); "Está de la verga" ("That's ugly/bad" but also "That's very cool", "That's awesome") etc.
A common expression in Mexico is ¡Vete a la verga!, meaning "Get the fuck out of here!" In Mexico this can be used to mean difficult or impossible: ¡Está de la verga!, "This is very difficult!"
In Guatemala, it also refers to a state of drunkenness as in ¡Está bien a verga!, meaning "He's drunk as Hell!" or "He's shit-faced!". In El Salvador it can also be used with an ironically positive connotation as in ¡Se ve bien vergón! or ¡Está bien vergón!, which means "It looks great!"
In Honduras, the expression no vale ni verga is used as a vulgar form of no vale la pena, meaning "it's not worth it".
In Nicaragua, the expression "¡A la verga!" means "Screw it!" which is used in Honduras also.
In the United States, the variant "a la verga" or "a la vé" for short, is very common in northern New Mexico, and is used frequently as an exclamatory expletive.
Other terms denoting male genitalia
Chile is famous for its large number of alternative names and euphemisms for the penis. These range from the inoffensive (pito (lit. "whistle"), diuca (after a small bird)), through vulgar (pichula, pico) and euphemistic (cabeza de bombero (lit. "firefighter's head"), dedo sin uña ("nail-less finger")) to markedly euphemistic and humorous ("taladro de carne" (lit. "meat drill"), "cíclope llorón" (lit. "crying cyclops"), "chacal de las zorras" (lit. "cunt jackal", in the sense of the jackal being a relentless predator), et cetera).
Something similar happens in Argentina. From the classic "pito" or "pirulín" (a cone-shaped lollipop), which are innocent and even used by children, you can go all the way to the most vulgar ways as "pija", "verga" (lit. "yardarm"), "choto/chota" (after "chotar" which means "to suck"), "porongo/poronga" (a "gourd", which is also used to craft "mates"), "banana", "salchicha/chorizo" (two kind of sausages), "pedazo" (lit. "piece"), "garcha" (also used as the verb garchar, which means "to fuck" or something of extremely bad quality), "palanca de cambios" (gear stick), "joystick", "bombilla de cuero" (lit. "leathery bombilla". Bombillas are used for drinking mate by sucking into them), etc. Among young people, almost every word can be turned into mean "dick" if said effusive and with connotation: -"¿Me pasás el encendedor?" -"¡Acá tengo un encendedor para vos!" (-"Can you give me the lighter?" -"I have a lighter for you right here!").
References to the female genitalia
Concha / Chucha / Chocha
Concha (lit.: "mollusk shell" or "inner ear") is an offensive word for a woman's vulva or vagina (i.e. something akin to English cunt) in Argentina, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Mexico. In the rest of Latin America and Spain however, the word is only used with its literal meaning. In such regions, it is commonly heard in the phrase ¡(La) concha (de) tu madre! ("The cunt of your mother"), which may be used as an expression of surprise or grief, or as a highly disrespectful insult. The contracted term conchatumadre/conchetumadre is common and extremely offensive in Chile, Bolivia and Peru as well.
In Mexico concha, which is used in its literal meaning, is also a type of sweet bread, round conch-shaped and covered in sugar, as well as having the aforementioned meaning and is offensive when used in said context. In Spain, Puerto Rico, Cuba and Mexico, "Concha" is a common name for females (corruption of Concepción). Also in Puerto Rico there is a popular hotel called La Concha Resort (The Seashell). Key West, Florida also has a famous hotel named La Concha. Concha can also mean a seashell-a conch.
Chucha/¡Chuchamadre! and ¡Chucha de tu madre! are Panamanian, Chilean, Ecuadorian, Peruvian or southern Colombian equivalents. Random examples and expressions: Vení, oleme la chucha ("Come and sniff my pussy"), ¡Ándate a la chucha! (roughly "Fuck off").
Chocha (or chocho, usually used in Spain) employed term for "pussy" predominantly in Cuba, Puerto Rico, Colombia, Spain, Mexico, Venezuela, and Dominican Republic. In the Spanish province of Albacete is also used choto (var. chotera, chotaco) in the same sense. The word is a homonym as it is also synonymous with "senile" when used as "He/she is chocho/chocha". In Chile, the word is used to mean "happy", and is used for old people; for example, the sentence "La abuelita quedó chocha con el regalo que le dí" means "Granny was happy with the gift I gave her".
In Venezuela, chocha is also a type of round seed or a particular type of bird.
The name of the Latin American restaurant Chimi-Changa originated as a minced oath of chocha.
Coño
Coño (from the Latin cunnus) is a vulgar word for a woman's vulva or vagina. It is frequently translated as "cunt" but is considered much less offensive (it is much more common to hear the word coño on Spanish television than the word cunt on British television, for example).
In Puerto Rico, Spain, Venezuela, Mexico, Cuba, Dominican Republic and Panama it is amongst the most popular of curse words. The word is frequently used as an interjection, expressing surprise, anger or frustration. It is also common to use the expression ¿Pero qué coño? to mean "What the fuck?"
Its usage was so common among Spaniards and Spanish-Filipino mestizos living in the Philippines that konyo became a Tagalog word for upper-class people.
In Ecuador and Chile it means stingy, tight-fisted, although in the latter country the variation coñete is becoming more common.
Panocha
In Mexico and the Philippines, panocha (or panoche) refers generally to sweet breads or cakes, or, more specifically, to a raw, coarse form of sugar produced there. It is also a fudge made with brown sugar, butter, cream or milk, and nuts (penuche). In New Mexico it means a sprouted-wheat pudding. In the southwestern United States outside of Northern New Mexico (and in northern Mexico and some places in Cuba), however, it often refers to the female genitalia. Use of this word has been known to cause embarrassment among Hispanos of New Mexico when speaking with Mexicans from Mexico.
The word is a combination of penuche and panoja meaning "ear of corn", from the Latin panicula (from whence comes the English word "panicle"—pyramidal, loosely branched flower cluster).
Cuca
Cuca (short for cucaracha, lit.: "cockroach") is used in Honduras, Guatemala, Venezuela, southeastern México and Colombia. Slightly milder than coño, and is almost inoffensive in the Dominican Republic.
In the Dominican Republic it is a common term for a parrot.
In Chile it is criminal slang for paddy wagon. In general, it is used to refer to something considered scary.
It is also an inoffensive word for penis that many children use in Spain. It also has a slightly archaic use in Spain.
In Latin America it may describe a congenial, outgoing person with a gift for flattery ("Julia is very cuca") or ("Eddie is so cuco; look at all the friends he has.").
In Nicaragua and in the Canary Islands, it is used as slang for "penis."
It is often the diminutive of the name María del Refugio.
In Cuba, it is also used as a term for a charley horse.
Polla
Polla (lit.: "female pollo", i.e.: chicken or hen) is used in Spain, Nicaragua, El Salvador and to a lesser extent in Puerto Rico. It is also used to mean a (young) female (similar to "chick"). Some years ago, in Costa Rica, the term jupa de pollo ("head of a chicken") was popular slang for "penis". The term todo el jupa de pollo was a popular way to say "the whole shebang", "the full Monty" or "it's complete now".
In Spain, to say that something, especially a situation or an arrangement, is la polla is to have a high opinion of it. Esto es la polla. El hotel está al lado de la playa y además es muy barato means "This is fucking great. The hotel is close to the beach and it's cheap, too."
References to the female breasts
Although less used as profanity, some words for the bust can also be used derogatorily or humorously. Among them, some noteworthy are peras (i.e. pears), perolas (i.e. pearls), mingas, tatas, tetas, tetamen, tetitas, tetazas, tetorras, tetotas, tetarracas, tetuzas, tetacas, teturras, tetungas, tetillas, bufas, bufarras, bufarracas, bufoncias, bakugans, mamelungas, mamelones, domingas, bubalongas, babungas, pechugas, peritas, mamellas, tetolas, gemelas, pechamen, melones or chichis,
References to the buttocks
Culo
Culo is the most commonly used Spanish word for "ass." In El Salvador and Honduras, culero ("one who uses the culo") refers to a male homosexual, while in Mexico it refers to an unjust, unkind, aggressive or insensitive person likened to the connotation provided by the word asshole but usually more offensive.
Vete a tomar por el culo ("Go and take it in the ass") is an expression used in Spain, it is like Vete a la mierda but more offensive. Me parto el culo ("I break my ass") means to do excessive work, usually accompanied by a verb that indicates the work, e.g. Me parto el culo barriendo ("I work my ass off brooming").
In Chile and Peru, culo is considered offensive (as it sounds very much like culear); poto is used instead.
In Argentina culo or culito are almost innocent words, though they can also be considered vulgar depending on the context. Expressions like en el culo del mundo (lit. "in the ass of the world"), en la loma del culo (lit. "In the ass hill"), which mean "too far away" or cara de culo (lit. "ass face", used to describe an unpleasant face expression) are regularly used.
In Panama culo is used in to construct slang terms and phrases which range from slightly inappropriate to offensive but commonly used regardless. Cara de culo (ass face) refers to an unattractive person especially when the person in question has a round face with protruding cheeks. Culo del mundo (asshole of the world) and casa del culo (ass house) mean far away e.g. Vivo por casa del culo/en el culo del mundo (lit. "I live by ass house/in the asshole of the world"). Culear means to have sexual intercourse—the same as fuck in its literal meaning— but does not imply anal sex.
Culito (little ass) is used by younger men to refer to women in a sexual context; it is also used to refer to the buttocks in an inappropriate but affectionate way. Culo de botella (bottle ass) refers to thick eyeglasses. ¡Ponte placa en el culo! (put a license plate on your ass!) is a phrase yelled by motorists at pedestrians who are standing or walking in the middle of the road, particularly in heavy traffic. Recular means to go on reverse while estacionarse/parquearse de recula means to reverse park. Culillo means fear while culilloso/a refers to someone who gets scared easily. Hablar hasta por el culo (To talk out of the ass)—a local, impolite variant of the well-known frase Hablar hasta por los codos (to talk through the elbows)—refers to someone who talks a lot; this variant is used to refer to a person in a negative way (as in "He/she won't shut up") while Hablar hasta por los codos does not necessarily imply annoyance.
Fundillo/Fundío
Fundillo/Fundío—heard in Mexico and the southwestern United States as an obscene term specifically for the human anus. It carries about the same weight as the American usages of the words "(someone's) asshole" or "the crack of (someone's) ass." Fundío refers literally to the anus and is not used as a personal insult. For example, ¡Métetelo en fundío! (or in Mexico, Métetelo por el fundillo) is an expression of reproach. ("Shove it up your ass!") The variant fondillo is also found in Puerto Rico and Cuba. In the Dominican Republic, the milder term fullín and the very offensive cieso may also be used.
Ojete
Ojete (lit.: "eyelet")—refers to the anus in some countries, and also is used to mean "asshole": Se portó para el ojete conmigo ("He was a really bad person with me", or "He was an asshole to me"). A popular obscene graffito in Mexico among schoolchildren is OGT; when the letters are pronounced in Spanish, they sound like ojete. In Argentina and Uruguay, "ojete" and also its synonyms culo and orto can all be used to mean "good luck": "¡Qué ojete tiene ese tipo!" (He's such a lucky guy!), "Ganó de puro ojete!" (He won just because he was so terribly lucky).
Orto
Orto (a euphemism for "recto", that is rectum, from Greek ortho-, as both rectum and ortho- mean "straight". Although due to its lower class origin it is also believed (and more likely) to be the vesre form of roto, which means "broken", for "culo roto".)—in Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile, refers to buttocks (as either an object of appreciation or disgust): "Qué tremendo orto tiene esa mina" (in praise of a woman's buttocks), "Qué cara de orto" ("What an ugly/bitter/moody face"); or luck—either good or bad. "Me fue para el orto" and "Me fue como el orto." mean "I had an awfully bad luck on that". "Tiene un orto que no se puede creer" may mean "He/She is incredibly lucky" but can also be an appraisal of a someone's derrier, depending on context.
Other references to one's backside
cola
de pedo ("by farting")—another Argentinean expression meaning "fortunate." For example: Lo adiviné de pedo ("I was lucky enough to guess it").
al pedo ("in a farty fashion")—used in Argentina for "wasting time." E.G.: Estás muy al pedo ("You are doing absolutely nothing").
qué pedo — Informal greeting among youngsters in Mexico: "¡qué pedo!". It is also used as an interjection to express an spontaneous reaction to something, E.G: "Qué pedo contigo", "Qué pedo con la vida". "Qué pex" is a common variation of this phrase.
en pedo ("in a fart")—which means "drunk" in Argentina.
en una nube de pedos ("inside a fart cloud")—also in Argentina, meaning not concerned about whatever happens around you, outside your cloud.
a los (santos) pedos (like (holy) farts)—means "extremely fast" in Argentina. It came into being due to a mispronunciation of Emil Zátopek's surname as "Satospé". Corre a lo Satospé ("He runs like Zátopek"). "A lo Satospé" then turned in "a los santos pé...", and finally in "a los (santos) pedos").
al peo ("in a farty fashion")—used in Chile to express something done poorly or in a careless manner.
nalga (butt cheek).
poto – used in Chile and Peru for buttocks or anus.
roto/rota (lit.: "broken")—specifically refers to the anus.
References to scatological acts
Cagar
Cagar, just as in Portuguese, is a verb meaning "to shit." It also means to screw (something) up, e.g. ¡Te cagaste los pantalones! ("You shit your pants!"). Particularly in Spain and Cuba, there are a number of commonly used interjections incorporating this verb, many of which refer to defecating on something sacred, e.g. Me cago en Dios ("I shit on God"), Me cago en la Virgen ("I shit on the Virgin"), Me cago en la hostia ("I shit on the communion host"), "Me cago en el coño de tu madre" (Lit: I shit in your mother's cunt) is the strongest offense among Cubans. In Cuba, to soften the word in social gatherings, the "g" is substituted by the "s". See below.
In Venezuela, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru, Argentina, Cuba, Chile and Panama it also means to make a big mistake or damage something i.e. fuck something up, e.g.: La cagaste (lit.: "you shat on it") or "Nos van a cagar." ("They're going to fuck us"). In Argentina and Chile, it can also mean "you screwed" or "scolded" somebody (e.g.: Te cagaste a ese cabrón, "You took a shit on that guy"). In Panama "la cagada" ("the shit") refers to something or someone that makes everything else go wrong or the one detail that is wrong about something (and is thus the complete opposite of the American slang the shit); e.g., Ese man es la cagada ("That dude is the shit" i.e. a fuck up/fucks everything up), La cagada aqui es el tranque ("The traffic jams are shit here" i.e. are fucked up, fuck this place/everything up).
In Mexico City it may be used ironically to refer to a fortunate outcome: Te cagaste ("You really shat on yourself") or an unfortunate outcome such as Estás cagado meaning "you're fucked".
In Chile and Cuba, cagado ("full of shit") means "stingy" or "miserly". It can also mean "depressed" in some contexts ("Está cagado porque la polola lo pateó." translates as "He's depressed because his girlfriend dumped him.").
Also, in Chile it can also have a more neutral connotation. La cagó ("shat it") can be used to agree on a previous statement ("Chilean Spanish makes no sense", "Sí, la cagó")
Mierda
Mierda is a noun meaning "shit." However, phrases such as Vete a la mierda (literally: "Go to (the) shit") would translate as "Go fuck yourself."
In Cuba, comemierda (shit-eater) refers to a clueless idiot, someone absurdly pretentious, or someone out of touch with his or her surroundings. Ex. "que comemierderia" (how stupid), "comerán mierda?" (are they stupid or what?) or "vamos a prestar atención y dejar de comer mierda" (Let's pay attention and stop goofing off). It is also used in both countries to describe someone who is "stuffy" and unnecessarily formal. In Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic comemierda refers solely to a snobbish person, while in Panama it refers to someone who is both snobbish and mean and/or hypocritical.
In Peru, irse a la mierda means "to be drunk as Hell." In Mexico, Cuba, Chile and also in Peru estar hecho mierda means to be very exhausted.
In northern Mexico and the southwestern United States (particularly California), the phrase mierda de toro(s) (literally "shit from bull(s)") is used often as a Spanish translation of bullshit in response to what is seen by the Spanish speaker as perceived nonsense.
It is also used generally to describe anything that is vexing or unpleasant, such as tiempo de mierda ("shitty weather") or auto de mierda ("piece-of-shit car"). A less common use is as a translation of the British profanity "bugger". The euphemisms miércoles (Wednesday) and eme (the letter m) are sometimes used as minced oaths.
Caca is a mild word used mostly by children, loosely comparable to the English "poop" or "doo-doo." Comecaca is functionally similar to comemierdas.
Pedorrez (bullshit) is slang to characterize a stupid, stupid action or idea, especially lacking in energy, relevance, and depth.
Mojón A term originally meaning a little marker of the name of the street or a particular place in a road, it later went into general use to refer to a turd and thus became a synonym for shit; it is used freely as a substitute. In Cuba, the term "comemojones" is frequently used instead of "comemierda"; "Es un mojón." ("He's a piece of shit.") is also commonly used in said country.
Homosexual slurs
Maricón
Maricón (lit.: "big Mary" [see below for explanation]) and its derivative words marica and marico are words used for referring to a man as a gay, or for criticizing someone for doing something that, according to stereotypes, only a gay person would do (marica was originally the diminutive of the very common female name María del Carmen, a usage that has been lost). The suffix is -ón is often added to nouns to intensify their meaning.
In Spain, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Venezuela and Cuba the word has a stronger meaning with a very negative emphasis; akin to "faggot" or "poof" in the English language. In Argentina, Peru, Chile, and Mexico maricón or marica is especially used to denote a "chicken" (coward). In Chile, maricón also means "irrationally sadistic."
Some examples of the uses of this word are:
Eres una marica. ("You are a faggot.")
Mano, eres tremendamente maricón. ("Bro, you are so gay!"; here maricón is used as an adjective)
Yo sí soy maricón, ¿y qué? ("I am certainly gay—so what?")
No seas maricón. ("Don't chicken out", "Don't be a pussy.", "Don't be an asshole.")
¡Qué maricón de mierda, ¿eh?! ("He's such a damn faggot, right?!")
Devuelve la mamadera al bebé, que lo haces llorar. ¡No seas maricón! ("Give the baby back his bottle, because now you've made him cry. Don't be cruel!")
One important exception is Colombia, where marica is used as a slang term of affection among male friends or as a general exclamation ("¡Ay, marica!" being equivalent to "Aw, man!" or "Dude!" in English). as in Bucaramanga marica can also mean 'naive' or 'dull' you can hear sentences like "No, marica, ese marica si es mucho marica tan marica, marica", (Hey dude, that guy is such a fool faggot, boy) This often causes confusion or unintended offense among Spanish-speaking first-time visitors to Colombia. Maricón, however, remains an insulting and profane term for homosexuals in Colombia as well. A similar case is seen in Venezuela, where the word marico is an insult; However, the word is widely used among Venezuelans as "dude" or "man." For example, "¿qué pasó marico?" would mean "what's up dude?" The word carries at least a third meaning in Venezuela because it often is used to show that someone is being very funny. For instance, after hearing a joke or funny comment from your friend, you laugh and say "haha sí eres marico haha" which would be equivalent to "haha you crack me up man."
Derivatives of marica/maricón:
maricona—used in southern Spain to refer to a drag queen, in an often humorous manner. Elsewhere, maricona refers to a lesbian. In Cuba it is used in a friendly manner among gays.
mariquita (diminiuitive of marica)—means a wimp or sissy in Spain. For example, ¡Eres una mariquita!, means "You're a pussy!" It also means ladybug. In Cuba, however, the term refers both to a dish of fried plantains and to being gay.
marimacha (combination of maricon and macha)—an insult common in Peru, Chile and Cuba, usually referring to lesbians or to women trying to do something seen as a males-only activity. It is considered offensive as mari prolongs the original insult macha. In Colombia, Macha is the feminine form of macho and thus refers to a tomboy (it is not really an insult, but more of a derogatory way to describe a masculine/unlady-like girl).
maricueca (combination of maricon and cueca (female cueco, see below))—used in Chile
mariconzón (combination of maricón and colizón) In Cuba, a slang term of affection among gays.
mariposa (lit.: "butterfly")—used as a minced oath. The word mariposón ("big ol' butterfly") may also be used.
Manflor
Manflor (combination of the English loanword "man" and the word flor meaning "flower") and its variant manflora (a play on manflor using the word flora) are used in Mexico and in the US to refer, usually pejoratively, to a homosexual female or lesbian. (In Eastern Guatemala, the variation mamplor is used.) It is used in very much the same way as the English word "dyke." For example: Oye, güey, no toques a esa chica; todos ya saben que es manflora. ("Hey, dude, don't hit on that girl; everyone knows she's a dyke."). It can be used as an ironic term of endearment between friends, especially within the gay and lesbian communities.
Other homosexual expressions
Many terms offensive to homosexuals imply spreading, e.g.: the use of wings to fly.
bámbaro—used in the south of Colombia
bugarrón/bufarrón/bujarrón/bujarra—used in the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and Spain. In Cuba, the expression "bugarrón y bugarra" refers to a "macho" man having sex with men. It is originated from French bougre and it is also cognate to "bugger" in English.
cacorro—used in Colombia for denoting the active partner (the "top" during anal intercourse) in a gay relationship.
cueco—used in Panama
cundango—used in the Dominican Republic and Cuba. In Cuba, cundango refers specifically to a male sex partner ("Tommy has been Robert's cundango for years"). It may mean "effeminate" or "sensitive" with a negative connotation
cochón—used in Nicaragua
cola (lit.: "tail")
desviado (lit.: "deviant")
fresa (lit.: "strawberry")—used in Mexico to mean "fag" and can also refer to people who are preppy or yuppy. For example, pinche fresa means "fucking fag."
fran (lit.:"fran")-used to mean "gay".
hueco (lit.: "hole", "hollow")—used in Guatemala. In Chile, depending on context, it can mean either "homosexual" or "vapid."
invertido (lit.: "inverted"). A term ubiquitously used in old times to avoid the strong word "maricón". It was the official word used by the regime of Spanish dictator Francisco Franco in Spain, and sometimes still used in Cuba.
joto (see below)
loca (lit.: "crazy woman")—used in Puerto Rico and Cuba (where "loquita" and "loquísima" are commonly used as well). Although normally derogatory, this term is also used as a culturally appropriated term of endearment among male and female homosexuals. In Chile is used to refer to a flamboyant or very feminine gay man.
macha (feminine form of macho)—refers to a "dyke". In Costa Rica, however, macho or macha is not derogatory but common slang for caucasoid, or similar to "blondie."
mamapinga (lit. "cock-sucker"). Extensively used in Cuba.
mamaverga/mamavergas (lit.: "cock-sucker").
maraco—used in Chile, only against male homosexuals; see maraca below.
mayate-used by Mexicans and Mexican-Americans to denote someone who is gay, or overtly flamboyant (lit. an iridescent beetle).
mostacero (lit: "mustardman")—used derogatively in Peru, referring to the active partner in a gay relationship, as he covers his penis in feces (mostaza or "mustard") when sexually-penetrating his passive partner.
muerdealmohadas (lit.: "pillow-biter")—used in Peru. In Spain, it denotes the passive partner of a gay relationship.
pargo (lit.: "porgy" or "red snapper")—used in Venezuela and Cuba, to mean "gay" or "flamboyant". This, as well as other fish in the grouper genera ("cherna" in Spanish) are used in Cuba as well.
pájaro (lit.: "bird")—used in the Dominican Republic and Cuba; in the latter country, the feminine forms "pájara" and "pajaruca" are also used. In each case, the use is either affectionate or derogatory, depending on context.
parchita (lit.:"passion fruit")-used derogatively in Venezuela, for someone who is gay.
partido (or partí'o (lit:"broken one"; also "political party")—used derogatively in Cuba.
pato (lit.: "duck")—used in Puerto Rico, Panama, Cuba and Venezuela. This word is probably related to the Latin pathus meaning "sexually receptive". In Cuba, by extension, other palmipedes's names are used to denote gayness: "oca" (greylag goose, "cisne" (swan), "ganso" (goose) and even "gaviota" (seagull). Also used in Colombia.
pirobo—used in Colombia for denoting the passive partner in a gay relationship. However, much as 'marica', is often used to refer to someone. As in 'Vea ese pirobo' ('Look at that dude')
playo ("flat")—used in Costa Rica.
plumífero (lit. "feathered (bird)"). Common derogative use in Cuba.
puto (see "puta" below).
raro/rarito (lit.: "weird").
soplanucas (lit.: "nape-blower")—used in Spain for denoting the active partner in a gay relationship.
tortillera (lit.: "a female who makes tortillas")—one of the most common insults to lesbians. Lesbian sex is often referred to as tortillear or hacer tortilla ("to make a tortilla").
torta (lit.: cake)—it has the same meaning as tortillera, referring to a lesbian woman.
parcha/parchita (corruption of "parga", a female pargo)
sucia (lit.: "dirty woman")—used as an ironic term of endearment among male homosexuals.
traba—short of trabuco used in Argentina.
trolo—used in Argentina.
trucha (lit.: "trout")
trabuco—used in Peru and Argentina, referring to a transgender woman.
tragaleche (lit.: "milk-swallower," with "milk" as a metaphor for 'semen').
tragasables (lit.: "sword-swallower").
Other terms: afeminado, chivo, colizón, comilón, fleto, homo, homogay (combination of the English loanwords "homo" and "gay"), julandrón, julai (shortened form of julandrón), plon, plumón, puñal, rosquete, sarasa, roscón, et cetera.
In Cuba, bombero (firefighter), capitán (captain), general (general) and other military (male) grades showing masculinity are used as slurs against lesbians, painting them with an un-feminine, dykelike appearance.
With Spanish being a grammatically-gendered language, one's sexuality can be challenged with a gender-inappropriate adjective, much as in English one might refer to a flamboyant man or a transgender man as her. Some words referring to a male homosexual end in an "a" but have the masculine article "el"—a deliberate grammatical violation. For example, although maricona refers to females, it may also be used as a compounded offensive remark towards a homosexual male, and vice versa.
Attacks against one's character
Chocho
chocho means literally a senile person, from the verb chochear.
Pendejo
Pendejo (according to the Diccionario de la lengua española de la Real Academia Española, lit.: "a pubic hair"), according to the Chicano poet José Antonio Burciaga, "basically describes someone who is stupid or does something stupid." Burciaga said that the word is often used while not in polite conversation. It may be translated as "dumbass" or "asshole" in many situations, though it carries an extra implication of willful incompetence or innocent gullibility that is ripe for others to exploit. The less extreme meaning, which is used in most Spanish-speaking countries, translates more or less as "jackass". The term, however, has very highly offensive connotations in Puerto Rico. An older usage was in reference to a man who is in denial about being cheated (for example, by his wife).
Burciaga said that pendejo "is probably the least offensive" of the various Spanish profanity words beginning with "p" but that calling someone a pendejo is "stronger" than calling someone estúpido. Burciaga said, "Among friends it can be taken lightly, but for others it is better to be angry enough to back it up."
In Mexico, pendejo most commonly refers to a "fool", "idiot", or "asshole". In Mexico, there are many proverbs that refer to pendejos.
In Peru, it means a person who is opportunistic in an immoral or deceptively persuasive manner (usually involving sexual gain and promiscuity but not limited to it), and if used referring to a female (ella es pendeja), it means she is promiscuous (or perhaps a swindler). There the word pendejada and a whole family of related words have meanings that stem from these.
In South America, pendejo is also a vulgar, yet inoffensive, word for children. It also signifies a person with a disorderly or irregular life. In Argentina, pendejo (or pendeja for females) is a pejorative way of saying pibe. The word, in Chile, Colombia, and El Salvador, can refer to a cocaine dealer, or it can refer to a "fool".
In Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic, it has different meanings depending on the situation. It can range from ¡Te cogieron de pendejo! ("You were swindled!") to ¡Qué tipa pendeja! ("What a dumbass!" as when a strange woman behaves offensively and then suddenly leaves). In Mexico and some countries in Central America, especially El Salvador, una pendejada/pendeja is used to describe something incredibly stupid that someone has done.
In many regions, especially in Cuba, pendejo also means "coward" (with a stronger connotation), as in ¡No huyas, pendejo! ("Don't run away, chicken-shit!") or No seas pendejo! ("Don't be such a coward!").
In South America, it refers to a person regarded with an obnoxiously determined advancement of one's own personality, wishes, or views (a "smartass").
In Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, pendejo or pendeja refers to a child, usually with a negative connotation, like that of immaturity or a "brat". Also in Argentina, since pendejo literally means "pubic hair", it usually refers to someone of little to no social value.
In Peru, however, it does not necessarily have a negative connotation and can just refer to someone who is clever and street-smart.
In the Philippines, it is usually used to refer to a man whose wife or partner is cheating on him (i.e. a cuckold).
In North Sulawesi, Indonesia, pendo (a derivative of pendejo) is used as profanity but with the majority of the population not knowing its meaning. The word was adopted during the colonial era when Spanish and Portuguese merchants sailed to this northern tip of Indonesia for spices.
In the American film Idiocracy, Joe Bauers's idiot lawyer is named Frito Pendejo.
Burciaga says that the Yiddish word putz "means the same thing" as pendejo.
Cabrón
Cabrón (lit.: "big goat" or "stubborn goat"), in the primitive sense of the word, is an adult male goat (cabra for an adult female goat) and is not offensive in Spain. It is also used as an insult, based on an old usage similar to that of pendejo, namely, to imply that the subject is stubborn or in denial about being cheated on, hence the man has "horns" like a goat (extremely insulting).
The word is offensive in Mexico, Cuba, and Puerto Rico, as it means "asshole" and other insults in English. The seven-note musical flourish known as "Shave and a Haircut (Two Bits)", commonly played on car horns, is associated with the seven-syllable phrase ¡Chinga tu madre, cabrón! (Go fuck your mother, asshole!). Playing the jingle on a car horn can result in a hefty fine for traffic violation if done in the presence of police or road rage if aimed at another driver or a pedestrian. In Mexico, "cabrón" refers to a man whose wife cheats on him without protest from him, or even with his encouragement.
The expression ¡Ah cabrón! is used sometimes when one is shocked/surprised by something. Among close friends, the term is often inoffensive; however, it is not a word to be used casually with strangers.
As an adjective, it is equivalent to "tough" as in "It is tough" (Está cabrón).
To some extent, it can also be used with an ironically positive connotation meaning "great", "amazing", "phenomenal", or "badass". Such expressions would be said as ¡Estás cabrón! or ¡Yo soy cabrón!. The word is quite flexibly used in Puerto Rico, and it can even have completely opposite meanings depending on the context. Best friends call each other "cabrón" in a friendly manner, while it may also be used in an offensive manner. One might say Está cabrón to describe something as very good or very bad depending on the circumstance.
In Panama, it is used as an adjective to mean something/someone very annoying (who pisses you off). The verb cabrear can mean "to piss off (someone)". This verb form is also used in Chile.
In Peru, cabro is a reference to a homosexual, hence cabrón is a superlative form ("big faggot"/"flaming faggot").
The term cabrón also means a handler of prostitutes, comparable to "pimp" in English. The most common way to refer to a pimp in Spanish is by using the term chulo as a noun. In some countries, chulo can be used as an adjective somewhat equivalent to "cool" (Ese hombre es un chulo = "That man is a pimp" versus Ese libro es chulo = "That book is cool"). The word chula is a completely benign reference to an adorable female or feminine object, as in "¡Ay, que chula!". In Chile, however, "chulo" and "chula" always mean "vulgar".
Gilipollas
Gilipollas (and rarely gilipolla) is a term used mostly in Spain and lacking an exact translation to English; the most frequent equivalents when translated in books, films, and other media are "jerk", "jackass", "douchebag", "asshole", or "buffoon" (in English), con (in French), and boludo or pendejo.
The canonical definition of a gilipollas is a person whose behavior, speech, outlook or general demeanor is inconsistent with the actual or potential consequences of their own intellectual inadequacy. Paragons of this taxon include stupid people unaware of their own stupidity or unwilling to accept the consequences thereof, people with an ostensible lack of self-criticism, people unable to realize their own limitations, people who engage in repeated self-defeating behavior, and even a category which is seldom captured in languages other than European Spanish—to wit, people characterized by self-aware idiocy or incompetence, with this self-awareness occasionally stressed to the point of (presumably futile) complacency.
By extension, its use in daily life is dedicated to any of the following types of people:
stupidity in its own right, to the point of eliciting animosity, whether faked or real, in whoever uses the word;
any character flaw (e.g., obnoxiousness, impertinence, general unpleasantness, blatantly unjustified arrogance or obliqueness and even neurotic or passive-aggressive behavior) deemed irritating and even a catalyst for potentially detrimental situations; or
a person displaying any combination of the two above qualities.
Occasionally it may be used for people who appear to be unpleasant or stupid (without necessarily being either) out of extreme social ineptitude.
When selecting a word denoting low intelligence, most Spanish speakers have three options:
using a merely descriptive term, or one which, although insulting, can be used as a mild or at times even affectionate form of teasing: tonto ("silly"), burro (lit.: "donkey"), etc.
using a more explicitly insulting expression, although one which still does not qualify as a real profanity: imbécil, idiota, estúpido.
one which delves into profanity. Gilipollas and capullo would correspond to such case.
The etymology of the word itself immediately confirms its genuinely Peninsular Spanish origins and preponderance, as opposed to other profanities perhaps more linked to Latin America: it is the combination of the Caló jili, usually translated as "candid", "silly" or "idiot", and a word which according to different sources is either polla (listed above) or a colloquial evolution thereto of the Latin pulla (bladder).
Perhaps due to the alternative origins of the latter part of the word, there has been some controversy concerning its status as a real profanity, although its clear phonetic evocation of the word polla leaves little room for doubt, at least in its common daily use. It is due to this that attempts at a euphemism have at times become popular, as is the case with gilipuertas (puerta standing for door). Recently, similar phrases have appeared, especially in Spain, although most of them (such as soplapollas, "cock-blower") delve much further into plain profanity.
A usual derivation of the word gilipollas into an adjective form (or a false adjectival participle) is agilipollado/agilipollada. For example: … está agilipollado/a would mean "… is behaving like a gilipollas." Regardless of whether or not such condition or irreversible, the verb estar is always used, as opposed to ser. Another Spanish construction with similar rationale is atontado, derived from tonto ("silly").
A noun form of the word is gilipollez, meaning "stupidity" or "nonsense."
Capullo
Capullo (lit: "cocoon" or "flower bud", also slang for glans penis) is nearly always interchangeable with that of gilipollas. The main difference between the two of them is that while a gilipollas normally behaves as he does out of sheer stupidity, a capullo normally acts like one by applying certain amount of evil intentions to his acts. While one can act like a gilipollas without being one, in the capullo instance that is not possible. A near-exact English translation is wanker. In English to be means at the same time both the permanent/ fundamental characteristics and the non-permanent/ circumstantial ones of anything, in Spanish to be separates into two distinct verbs: ser and estar which respectively reflect the aforementioned characteristics. So, to say about anyone that es un gilipollas means that he is stupid/ annoying permanently, while to say está agilipollado reflects both his present state and the fact that it could change at any time to a non agilipollado one. This is not true for a capullo: if someone thinks about someone else that he is a capullo, he thinks so permanently, because the degree of evil he sees in the capullo's actions tends to be thought of as a permanent characteristic, inherent to the capullos personality. So the correspondent verb ser would be used: es un capullo, and the estar verb would never be used.
Whenever used as an affectionate or heavily informal form of teasing rather than as an insult, though, capullo is used a bit more often. This may be because someone who does not have an intention to offend will resort to a lower amount of syllables, hence rendering the expression less coarse and ill-sounding. Therefore, expressions such as venga ya, no seas ___ ("come on, don't be silly") would use capullo more frequently than gilipollas.
Buey/Huey/Güey/Wey/We/Way
Buey/Huey/Güey/Wey/We is a common term in Mexico, coming from the word buey that literally means "ox" or "steer." It means "stupid" or a "cheated husband/boyfriend/cuckold."
It can be used as a less offensive substitute for cabrón when used among close friends. Mexican teenagers and young Chicano men use this word routinely in referring to one another, similar to "dude" in English. "Vato" is the older Mexican word for this.
JotoJoto (lit.: the "jack" or a "knave" in a Western deck of cards) is used in Mexico and the southwestern United States, usually pejoratively, in reference to an over-sexed male. Arguably more offensive than maricón, joto usually refers to a man who is indifferent to pertinent matters, or who is a "loser", with perhaps a hinted accusation of closeted homosexuality. For example, a gay man in Mexico might derisively refer to himself as a maricón, but probably not as a joto. Recently the use of joto in Mexico has changed, and is being embraced by the gay community, mainly as an adjective: Es una película muy jota ("It's a very gay movie"). Not to be confused with the word jota, which refers to a traditional Spanish, Mexican or Argentine parlor dance.
MadreMadre, (mother) depending on its usage (for example: madrear—"to beat" or hasta la madre—"full"), is an insult to one's mother. This dishonors her, and the reputation of the family. It can be profane in Mexico, where there is a cultural taboo against matriarchal families (because of associations with pagan witchcraft). Chinga tu madre ("Fuck your mother") is considered to be extremely offensive. Tu madre Culo ("Your mother's ass") combines two spanish profanity words, Madre and Culo (see above), to create an offensive jab at one's mother or mother in-law.
Madre could be used to reference objects, like ¡Qué poca madre! ("That's terrible!") and Este madre no funciona ("This shit doesn't work"). It can also be used with an ironically positive connotation, as in ¡Está de poca/puta madre! ("It's fucking awesome!").Madrazo, in Colombia, refers to insults in general, and "echar madrazos" means "to insult/curse somebody out."
PinchePinche has different meanings, depending on geographic location.
In Spain the word is not offensive and it mostly refers to a kitchen scullion, who acts as an assistant to chefs and is assigned to menial kitchen tasks such as preparing ingredients and utensils, as well as dishwashing. It is seldom used as an insult, as in pinche güey ("loser"), or to describe an object of poor quality, está muy pinche ("It really sucks"), but only to a lesser extent. Many restaurants in Spain have the name "El Pinche", to the great amusement of Mexican and Chicano tourists.
In Mexico, the saying can range anywhere from semi-inappropriate to very offensive depending on tone and context. Furthermore, it is often equivalent to the English terms "damn", "freakin'", "bloody" or "fuckin'", as in estos pinches aguacates están podridos… ("These damn avocados are rotten…"); Pinche Mario ya no ha venido… ("Freakin' Mario hasn't come yet"); or ¿¡Quieres callarte la pinche boca!? ("Would you like to shut your fuckin' mouth?"), but most likely should be translated to the euphemism "frickin'" in most situations. Therefore, it can be said in front of adults, but possibly not children, depending on one's moral compass. Sometimes pinchudo(a) is said instead. It also refers to a mean-spirited person or someone who is stingy: "Él es muy pinche." ("He is very stingy.")..
In Chile, pinche isn't vulgar, and it refers to the people involved in an informal romantic relationship with each other. The verbal form pinchar can be translated as "kissing" or "make out". Pinchar also means "to ping" (the act of calling someone and then hanging up with the intent of having them call back).
In Puerto Rico pinche simply refers to a hairpin, while pincho has the same meaning in Dominican Spanish.
PutaPuta literally means whore, and can be extended to any woman who is sexually promiscuous. This word is common to all other Romance languages (it is puta also in Portuguese and Catalan, pute/putain in French, puttana in Italian, and so on) and almost certainly comes from the Vulgar Latin putta (from puttus, alteration of putus "boy"), although the Royal Spanish Academy lists its origins as "uncertain" (unlike other dictionaries, such as the María Moliner, which state putta as its origin). It is a derogatory way to refer to a prostitute, while the formal Spanish word for a prostitute is prostituta. It is used similarly to the English word bitch.
Racial and ethnic derogatives
word endings such as aco. arro, azo, ito or (in Spain) ata are used to confer a falsely augmentative or diminutive, usually derogative quality to different racial and cultural denominations: e.g. negrata or negraco (and, with a more condescending and less aggressive demeanor, negrito) are the usual Spanish translations for a black person. Moraco would be the translation for "raghead" or "camel jockey".
Sudaca, in spite of its etymology (sudamericano, "South American"), is a derogative term used in Spain for all Latin Americans, South American or Central American in origin. In Mexico, the term is solely used to refer to people from South America.
Frijolero is the most commonly used Spanish word for beaner and is particularly offensive when used by a non-Mexican person towards a Mexican in the southwestern United States.
Gabacho, in Spain, is used as a derisive term for French people—and, by extension, any French-speaking individual. Among Latin American speakers, however, it is meant as a usually offensive term for white people or people born in the United States no matter the race of the people.
Similarly, Musiu—A (somewhat outdated) word used in parts of Venezuela, used to denote a white foreigner. Stems from the contemporary pronunciation of the French word "Monsieur". Is now generally superseded among younger Venezuelans by the term below.
Argentuzo, argentucho an offensive term used in Chile and some Latin American countries to refer to an Argentine.
Brazuca, used in Argentina to refer to Brazilians.
Bolita, an offensive term used in Argentina to refer to Bolivians.
Cabecita negra (lit.: little black head), used before as a very offensive and racist insult against Peronists, but it is used in Argentina to refer their border country, like Paraguay, Peru and Chile; since they were mainly workers during Peronism's rise.
Chilote – this is actually the demonym for the people of the Chiloé archipielago in Chile. However, in Argentina it is used as synecdoche, referring to all Chileans.
Cholo, was used in reference to people of actual or perceived mestizo or indigenous background. Not always offensive. In Chile it is used to refer to a Peruvian. In Peru it is used to refer to someone from the more purely indigenous population or someone who looks very indigenous. When used in the more mixed coastal areas to describe someone, it can be slightly more offensive depending on the way it is said or the context. In Mexico and the United States the term is usually used to refer to a Chicano gang member.
Coño, offensive word used to denote a Spaniard or the Castillan dialect in Chile.
Ignorante outdated offense used by Chileans, Colombians, Mexicans and Paraguayans to describe Argentines. The word "argentino" (Argentine) is an anagram for "ignorante" (ignorant) in Spanish.
Kurepí used by Paraguayans to describe Argentines. Literally translated from Guarani meaning pig skin.
Mayate (lit: June bug) is a very offensive term used in Mexico and primarily by Mexican-Americans to describe a black person or an African-American.
Mono (lit:monkey) used in reference to Ecuadorians in Peru
Gallina (lit:chicken; coward) Used in Ecuador to describe Peruvians.
Pachuco refers to a subculture of Chicanos and Mexican-Americans, associated with zoot suits, street gangs, nightlife, and flamboyant public behavior.
Paragua (lit.: umbrella), used in Argentina to refer Paraguayans.
Pinacate (lit.: dung beetle)-mostly used by Mexicans or Mexican-Americans referring to dark-skinned or black individuals, similar to English "blackie".
Gachupín is used in Mexico and Central American countries for Spaniards established in those countries.
Gallego (lit.: Galician)-mostly used in Latin America as synecdoche, referring to all Spaniards. Not always offensive.
Gringo – generally used in most Spanish-Speaking countries in America. It denotes a person from the United States, or, by extension, from any English-speaking country or even anyone with a Northern-European phenotype.
Panchito (lit. salted peanut) is used in Spain for native looking Central and South-Americans, panchito as well as guacamole, machupichu, guachupino. They don't necessarily mean offense.
Payoponi is a Caló word widely used in Spain referred to native looking Central and South-Americans. It is composed by payo (lit. non-Romani person) and poni (lit. pony, due to their average height).
llanta (lit.: tire)-a general prison slang used by Mexicans or Mexican-Americans referring to very dark skinned individuals.
Prieto Used to describe dark people.
Roto, used in Peru, Bolivia and Argentina to refer to Chileans.
Yorugua, mild word used in Argentina to refer to Uruguayans. (Uruguayo in vesre).
Japo used in reference to people of Japanese ancestry, similar to Jap; used mostly in Spain. In Rioplatense Spanish slang, the word used is Ponja, which is vesre for Japón (Japan).
Moro (lit.: Moor) used in Spain in reference to people of Maghrebi, Arab or Middle Eastern ancestry; also used to describe Muslims in general.
Polaco (lit.: Pole) used in Spain in reference to Catalan people. Its origin is unclear.
Maqueto (Basque: Maketo), used in the Basque Country in reference to Spanish immigrants and descendants of Spanish immigrants with origins outside the Basque Country.
Charnego (Catalan: Xarnego), used in Catalonia in reference to Spanish immigrants and descendants of Spanish immigrants with origins outside Catalonia.
Tano (from Napolitano: Neapolitan). Used in Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay as a synecdoche, to refer to an Italian. Not offensive, at this time. Turco used in Chile and Argentina for people of Arab ancestry. Originated due to the Ottoman nationality that early Palestinian, Lebanese and Syrian immigrants had on their passports
Pirata (lit.:Pirate). Used in Argentina to refer to English people.
Paqui (lit.: Paki), Used to describe people of Subcontinental Asian heritage. Supposedly inoffensive, but not used by native Spaniards in front of people they are slurring. Therefore, used as a racist epithet.Yanacona a term used by modern Mapuche as an insult for Mapuches considered to be subservient to non-indigenous Chileans, 'sellout'.
Yanqui (lit.: Yankee), Used in Argentina and other places in Latin America to refer to an American. Sometimes, but not always, derogatory. Usually used to distinguish an American from a foreigner of a culturally similar country such as Canada or the UK.
Saltamuros (lit.: wall jumper), jokingly insult used by USA and some Latin American countries, like Guatemala, Argentina and Chile to refer Mexicans who enter to US illegally, making allusion to the border wall.
Surumato Used in New Mexico to refer to Mexicans, particularly Mexican Immigrants.
Veneco Used in all Latin American countries to refer to Venezuelans.
Other terms
chucha—used in Colombia in reference to offensive body odor.
so'—used to imply "such a …" but not always capable of direct translation in English. For example: "¡Cállate, so' puta!" ("Shut up, you bitch!")
vaina (lit.: "sheath or pod"; cf. Lat. vagina)—in Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico and Venezuela it is a commonly used generic filler. For example: Esta vaina se dañó ("This thing broke down").
It can also be used in phrases to denote any strong emotion. For example: ¡Vea la vaina!, can mean "Isn't that something!" (expressing discontent or surprise). Esa vaina quedó muy bien (lit.: "That vaina came up really well") would translate to "It turned out really well" (expressing rejoice or happiness) and … y toda esa vaina would translate to "… and all that crap".
In the Dominican Republic it is commonly used in combination with other profanities to express anger or discontent. For example: "¡Qué maldita vaina, coñazo!" meaning "Fuck, that's bullshit!" or "¡Vaina'el diablo coño!" which translates as "Damn, (this) thing (is) of the devil!" but would be used to refer to a situation as "fucking shit".
In the Spanish region of La Mancha is very common the formation of neologisms, to refer with humoristic sense to a certain way of being some people, by the union of two terms, usually a verb and a noun. E.g., capaliendres (lit. (person) who geld nits, "miser, niggard"), (d)esgarracolchas (lit. (person) who rends quilts, "awkward", "untrustworthy"), pisacristos''' (lit. (person) who tramples Christs''—"blasphemous person"), and much more.
See also
Albur
Finnish profanity
La Malinche
Latin profanity
List of Puerto Rican slang words and phrases
Mat (language)—Russian sexual slang
Portuguese profanity
Profanity filter
Quebec French profanity
Spanish language
Further reading
Notes
References
External links
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46953139
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asociaci%C3%B3n%20Nacional%20de%20Mujeres%20Espa%C3%B1olas
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Asociación Nacional de Mujeres Españolas
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The Asociación Nacional de Mujeres Españolas (ANME), was a women's rights organisation active in Spain from 1918 to 1936.
It was not the first women's rights movement in Spain, but was to last longer than any of its predecessors. It was founded in Madrid in 1918 by Consuelo Gonzalez Ramos and Maria Espinosa de los Monteros. Its purpose was to work for women's rights, particularly women's suffrage. It had no support from the Catholic church or any political party, and relied on contributes from sympathizers, and had its meetings on the home of its presidents. In 1919, the ANME founded the umbrella organisation Consejo Feminista de España together with the other smaller women's organisations: the Sociedad Progresiva Femenina and La Mujer del Porvenir in Barcelona, and the Sociedad Concepción Arenal and Liga para el Progreso de la Mujer in Valencia.
From 1921, it published its own paper, the Mundo Femenino.
In 1934, the organisation founded a political feminist party, the Acción Política Feminista Independiente, who tried unsuccessfully to join the leftist coalition. Both the party and the organisation was dissolved under the Spanish civil war.
See also
Asociación para la Enseñanza de la Mujer
References
Johnson, Roberta (2003). Gender and Nation in the Spanish Modernist Novel. Vanderbilt University Press. .
Feminist organisations in Spain
Women's rights organizations
1918 establishments in Spain
1936 disestablishments in Spain
Feminism and history
Voter rights and suffrage organizations
Women's suffrage in Spain
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavel%20%26%20Neto
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Flavel & Neto
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Flavel & Neto are a singing duo based in France specializing in Latin-based dance music, but greatly influenced by Angolan kizomba music. They are signed to Five Music label and are mostly famous with their singles "Eu quero tchu, eu quero tcha" and "Pedida perfeita (Tararatata)", the latter featuring Anna Torres.
Career
Flavel (born c. 1993) is a Brazilian singer residing in France. Passionate about music and soccer, he developed his singing skills early inspired by zouk, R'n'B and very notably by kizomba, a genre of music originating in Angola and very popular with French Cape Verdean community. Neto Furtado (born c. 1992) coming from an immigrant family to France originating from Cape Verde was a childhood friend of Flavel. Neto had been heavily influenced by samba and kizomba and had started writing songs at age 13.
The duo's interest in kizomba and dance music caught the attention of Akad, a producer with Five Music label that already was producing African-French acts, notably Logobi GT, one of the biggest acts in logobi music. Akad signed Flavel & Neto to the label and produced the song "Eu quero tchu, eu quero tcha" for the duo. The song was already popular in a version by Brazilian Música sertaneja duo João Lucas e Marcelo, with the Brazilian footballer (soccer player) Neymar featured in a cameo appearance in the music video dancing to its tune... Neymar had a hand in popularizing Michel Telo's "Ai se eu te pego!" and Gusttavo Lima's "Balada" earlier with notable public performances of those songs. João Lucas e Marcelo single eventually reached the top of the charts in Brazil. The Flavel & Neto version of the song, became their first official release in July 2012. It found almost immediate success in French and European dance venues. It also gained favor with zumba aerobic dance clubs throughout France. Such clubs had been instrumental in promoting many Latin-based tunes throughout Europe.
Flavel & Neto follow up single was "Pedida perfeita (Tararatata)" released in February 2013 featuring the Brazilian female singer Anna Torres. The release proved to be an even bigger commercial success for the duo. What accentuated its success was that Flavel & Neto, in addition to the Portuguese version, quickly released a bilingual French/Portuguese one for the French markets. The song composed by Cássio Sampaio charted in the SNEP official French Singles Chart reaching number 19 in the chart with heavy rotation on dance-based radio stations in the country. Other versions popularizing the song were by Gabriela Moraes and by Maykow & Mandioca.
Discography
Albums
Singles
*Did not appear in the official Belgian Ultratop 50 charts, but rather in the bubbling under Ultratip charts.
Discography:Flavel Romero
2017: "Atchu tchutcha" (feat. Logobi GT)
References
External links
Official website
Facebook
Musical groups established in 2012
French musical duos
2012 establishments in France
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting%20at%20the%202002%20Asian%20Games%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20trap%20team
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Shooting at the 2002 Asian Games – Men's trap team
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The men's trap team competition at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan, South Korea was held on 2 and 3 October at the Changwon International Shooting Range.
Schedule
All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00)
Records
Results
References
2002 Asian Games Report, Pages 644–645
Results
External links
Official website
Men Shotgun T T
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45407493
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedar%20Grove%20%28Huntersville%2C%20North%20Carolina%29
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Cedar Grove (Huntersville, North Carolina)
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Cedar Grove is a historic plantation house located near Huntersville, Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. It was built between 1831 and 1833, and is a two-story, five bay by three bay, Greek Revival style brick mansion. It has gable roof and features high stepped brick end parapets that incorporate chimneys. The front and rear facades have one-story, three bay porches supported by stuccoed brick Doric order columns.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.
References
Plantation houses in North Carolina
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Greek Revival houses in North Carolina
Houses completed in 1833
Houses in Charlotte, North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina
1833 establishments in North Carolina
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19040495
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Hall
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Daniel Hall
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Daniel Hall may refer to:
Daniel Hall (comics), a fictional character in the Sandman comics
Daniel Hall (poet) (born 1952), American poet
Daniel Hall (West Virginia politician) (born 1974), American state Senator and former Delegate in West Virginia
Daniel Hall (Wisconsin politician) (1819–?), member and Speaker of the Wisconsin State Assembly
Daniel Hall (publisher), American publisher and author
Alfred Daniel Hall (1864–1942), sometimes known as Sir Daniel Hall, British agriculturalist
Danny Hall (footballer) (born 1983), English footballer (Oldham Athletic, Shrewsbury, Gretna, Chesterfield)
Danny Hall (baseball) (born 1954), baseball coach
Danny Hall (drummer) (born 1981), British drummer
Danny Hall (cricketer) (born 1944), cricketer
Danny Hall (field hockey) (born 1974), member of the England national field hockey team
Dan Hall (born 1978), Australian musician
Dan Hall (politician) (born 1952), American politician and former member of the Minnesota State Senate
Dan Hall (soccer) (born 1999), Australian-born soccer player
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20759676
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy%20Muindi
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Jimmy Muindi
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Jimmy Mwangangi Muindi (born August 14, 1973) is a marathon runner from Kenya.
Muindi started his marathon career by finishing 2nd at the Honolulu Marathon in 1997. Since then, he has been a perennial competitor at the Honolulu Marathon and has won it a record six times (1999, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007). He set the course record of 2:11:12 hours in 2004, still valid in 2008.
He won the Rotterdam Marathon in 2005 setting his personal record of 2:07:50 hours. He also competed at the 2005 World Championships marathon race in Helsinki, Finland, but did not finish the race.
At the Chicago Marathon, Mundi finished 5th in 2003, 4th in 2004 and 3rd in 2006. At the Berlin Marathon, he finished 10th in 2001 and 5th in 2002.
Muindi is of the Kamba people. Muindi's sister Marietta is married to Patrick Ivuti, also a prominent Kenyan marathon runner.
Achievements
References
External links
Marathoninfo profile
1973 births
Living people
Kenyan male long-distance runners
Kenyan male marathon runners
Kenyan male steeplechase runners
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31213093
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampullaria%20bicarinata
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Ampullaria bicarinata
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Ampullaria bicarinata is an extinct species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Ampullariidae.
Distribution
The type locality of Ampullaria bicarinata is Vrška Čuka (in Serbian Cyrillic: Вршка Чука), eastern Serbia near the border of Bulgaria.
References
Ampullariidae
Prehistoric gastropods
Gastropods described in 1900
Fossils of Serbia
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11451041
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prodigal%20Genius
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Prodigal Genius
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Prodigal Genius: The Life of Nikola Tesla () is a 1944 book by John Joseph O'Neill detailing the life of Nikola Tesla.
Overview
Written by Pulitzer Prize-winning author John J. O'Neill, the life of Nikola Tesla details the life of a pioneer in electrical engineering. O'Neill was a close friend of Tesla, whom he had met as a boy and remained in contact with.
The book covers, among other topics, the story of Tesla's father's inspiration for his career in engineering, shows his theories of electricity that went against the scientific establishment, explores the friendships of Tesla, investigates the story of Tesla's lost Nobel Prize, and explains Tesla's investigations of the paranormal.
References
External links
Prodigal Genius, rastko.org.yu.
1944 non-fiction books
Books about Nikola Tesla
American biographies
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6399281
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Bregman
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Jim Bregman
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James Steven Bregman (born November 17, 1941, in Arlington, Virginia) was a member of the first American team to compete in judo in the Summer Olympics. He is of the Jewish faith. He started Judo at the age of 12 and went to college in Japan.
In 1964 he won the AAU Senior National Judo Championship.
Judo was first in included in the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, and Bregman won a bronze medal in the under 80 kg category in those games—the only American to bring home a medal in judo in the 1964 Summer Games.
The judo world sometimes speaks with pride of the 1964 US Olympic Judo Team as consisting of an American Jew, an African-American, a Japanese-American, and a Native American (see Nishioka's book in the references, below).
In 1965 he won a gold medal at the Pan American Championships in the 176 pound division. He also won a gold medal in the Maccabiah Games that year.
Additionally, in 1965, Jim Bregman became the first American to win a medal in the World Championships held in São Paulo, Brazil. He won another Bronze at that competition.
Bregman has continued to be involved in the American judo community, serving three times as President of the United States Judo Association the organization which helped found in 1968.
In January 2018, Bregman was promoted to the highest judo rank of Judan (10th Degree Black Belt) by the United States Judo Association.
See also
List of select Jewish judokas
Ben Nighthorse Campbell (1964 teammate)
George Harris (1964 teammate)
Paul Maruyama (1964 teammate)
Yosh Uchida (Olympic team coach)
References
External links
Nishioka, Hayward (2000) Judo: Heart and Soul Ohara Publications.
An interview with Jim Bregman on the JudoInfo.com web site
1941 births
Living people
People from Arlington County, Virginia
Jewish American sportspeople
American male judoka
Jewish martial artists
Judoka at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Olympic judoka of the United States
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in judo
Maccabiah Games gold medalists for the United States
Medalists at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Maccabiah Games medalists in judo
21st-century American Jews
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4034892
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanjeeva%20Ranatunga
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Sanjeeva Ranatunga
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Sanjeeva Ranatunga (born April 25, 1969, Colombo) is a former Sri Lankan cricketer who played in 9 Tests and 13 ODIs from 1994 to 1997.
Family
He is the brother of former Sri Lanka captain Arjuna Ranatunga, Dammika Ranatunga, Nishantha Ranatunga and Prasanna Ranatunga.
International career
He has scored 2 centuries in Tests; 118 and 100* against Zimbabwe in consecutive Tests at Harare Sports Club and Queens Sports Club in 1994. His other notable performances are a hard fought 60 and 65 against Australia at Adelaide in 1996. His highest ODI score of 70 came against Pakistan at R. Premadasa Stadium, Colombo in 1994 which earned him the Man of the Match Award.
International centuries
Test centuries
International awards
One-Day International Cricket
Man of the Match awards
References
1969 births
Living people
Sri Lanka Test cricketers
Sri Lanka One Day International cricketers
Sri Lankan cricketers
Basnahira North cricketers
Basnahira South cricketers
Sinhalese Sports Club cricketers
Kandurata cricketers
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36541429
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%C5%A1a%20Simi%C4%87
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Saša Simić
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Saša Simić (; born 22 April 1969) is a Serbian former footballer who played as a winger. He later became a sports agent.
Career
Simić started out with Sloboda Užice in the Yugoslav Second League and was teammates with Ljubinko Drulović in the 1988–89 and 1989–90 seasons. He later played for Borac Čačak, alongside Damir Čakar and Ivica Dragutinović, helping the club win the Second League of FR Yugoslavia in the 1993–94 season.
In the summer of 1994, Simić moved abroad to Portugal and signed with União Madeira. He was later transferred to Boavista, helping the side win the Taça de Portugal in 1997. The team included such players as Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink and Nuno Gomes, among others.
After spending two seasons at Boavista, Simić switched to fellow Primeira Liga club Beira-Mar. He helped them win the 1998–99 Taça de Portugal, before returning to União Madeira for another three seasons.
Honours
Borac Čačak
Second League of FR Yugoslavia: 1993–94
Boavista
Taça de Portugal: 1996–97
Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira: 1997
Beira-Mar
Taça de Portugal: 1998–99
References
External links
Association football midfielders
Boavista F.C. players
C.F. União players
Expatriate footballers in Portugal
First League of Serbia and Montenegro players
FK Borac Čačak players
FK Sloboda Užice players
Primeira Liga players
S.C. Beira-Mar players
Serbia and Montenegro expatriate footballers
Serbia and Montenegro expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Serbia and Montenegro footballers
Serbian footballers
Serbian sports agents
Sportspeople from Loznica
Yugoslav footballers
1969 births
Living people
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54387258
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akeira%20Peters
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Akeira Peters
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Akeira Kay Peters (born 30 September 1993) is a Grenadian cricketer who plays for Windward Islands as a right-arm medium bowler. In May 2017, she was named in the West Indies squad for the 2017 Women's Cricket World Cup. She made her Women's One Day International (WODI) debut for the West Indies against New Zealand in the 2017 Women's Cricket World Cup on 6 July 2017. She made her Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) debut for the West Indies against Sri Lanka on 19 October 2017.
In October 2018, Cricket West Indies (CWI) awarded her a women's contract for the 2018–19 season.
References
External links
1993 births
Living people
Grenadian women cricketers
West Indian women cricketers
West Indies women One Day International cricketers
West Indies women Twenty20 International cricketers
Windward Islands women cricketers
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37756604
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th%20Air%20Army
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17th Air Army
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The 17th Air Army () was an Air army of the Red Air Force and Soviet Air Forces from 1942.
World War II
It was formed in October (Bonn et al.: November) 1942 on the basis of the Air Forces of the Southwestern Front. Bonn et al. say that it included a mixed air corps, two fighter, one ground-attack, one bomber, and one night bomber division.
It immediately took part in the Battle of Stalingrad. On 19 November 1942 during the battle of Stalingrad it was under the command of General Major Stepan Krasovsky.
On 1 April 1943, as part of the Southwestern Front, it comprised the
3rd Mixed Aviation Corps (207th Fighter Aviation Division, 290th Assault Aviation Division),
7th Mixed Aviation Corps (202nd Bomber Aviation Division, 235th Fighter Aviation Division),
9th Mixed Aviation Corps (305th, 306th Assault Aviation Division, 295th Fighter Aviation Division),
244th Bombardment Aviation Division,
262nd Night Bomber Aviation Division,
39th, 132nd Bomber Aviation Regiments,
208th, 637th Attack Aviation Regiments,
282nd Mixed Aviation Regiment,
371st Transport Aviation Regiment,
10th, 50th Reconnaissance Aviation Squadrons,
34th Fire Correction Squadron.
From March 1943 until the end of the war Vladimir Sudets commanded the 17th Air Army.
From 1943-45 it participated in the Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive, Left and Right Bank Ukraine operations, and the capture of Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Hungary, and Austria.
Over 200,000 sorties were flown.
Post War Reorganization
On 1 May 1945 the army consisted of
the 1614th, 1615th, 1654th, 1676th, 1975th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiments
the 10th Assault Aviation Corps (136th and 306th Assault Aviation Divisions),
244th Bomber Aviation Division,
189th Assault Aviation Division,
the 194th, 288th and 295th Fighter Aviation Divisions,
262nd Night Bomber Aviation Division,
39th Separate Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment,
96th Separate Artillery Correction Regiment,
227th Transport Aviation Regiment,
3rd Medical Evacuation Aviation Regiment,
282nd Aviation Communications Regiment.
The 39th Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment was transferred to Samarkand and the 6th Air Army in 1947.
Air Force Colonel General Sergey Goryunov was commander of 17th Air Army between 1946 and 1949.
In February 1949 it was redesignated the 69th Air Army.
In April 1964 the 69th Air Army became the Air Forces of the Kiev Military District.
In April 1968 the Air Forces of the Kiev Military District became the 69th Air Army once more.
In April 1972 the 69th Air Army was redesignated the 17th Air Army.
In June 1980 the 17th Air Army became the Air Forces of the Kiev Military District.
In May 1988 the Air Forces of the Kiev Military District became the 17th Air Army.
In 1992 the air army became part of the Armed Forces of Ukraine; by 1996 it appears to have been dissolved.
Order of battle 1970
Organisation 1970:
138th Fighter Aviation Division (Mirgorod, Mirgorod Oblast)
255th Separate Mixed Aviation Squadron (Borispol, Kiev Oblast)
135th Separate Communications Regiment (Kiev, Kiev Oblast)
Chernigov Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots (ChVVAUL) (Chernigov, Chernigov Oblast)
Kharkov Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots (KhVVAUL) (Kharkov-Chuguev, Kharkov Oblast)
Voroshilovgrad Higher Military Aviation School of Navigators (VVVAUSh) (Voroshilovgrad (Lugansk), Voroshilovgrad Oblast)
April 1972 renamed 17th Air Army.
The 138th Fighter Aviation Division joined the 24th Air Army VGK in 1980.
Order of battle late 1980s
In the late 1980s its headquarters was at Kiev. This order of battle is a composite; aircraft numbers are from Vad777 and virtually all other information is from Michael Holm, with some material from Feskov et al.
255th Separate Composite Aviation Squadron (Borispol/Борисполь, near Kiev): transport aircraft - 7 Mil Mi-8, 2 Mil Mi-6
228th Separate Electronic Warfare Helicopter Squadron (Borispol, near Kiev): 15 Mi-8
135th Separate Signals Regiment (Kiev (city))
Lugansk Higher Military Aviation School of Navigators (Луганское ВВАУШ/Lugansk VVAUSh)
46th Training Aviation Regiment (Voroshilovgrad (Lugansk), Voroshilovgrad Oblast) with An-26
130th Training Aviation Regiment (Mariupol, Donetsk Oblast) with An-12BK
228th Training Aviation Regiment (Bagerovo, Krymskaya Oblast): 36 MiG-21; 20 L-29
286th Training Aviation Regiment (UAP) (Feskov et al.); not listed by Holm.
Kharkhov Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots (Харьковское ВВАУЛ/Kharkov VVAUL)
443rd Training Aviation Regiment (Velikaya Krucha, Poltava Oblast): 101 L-39
809th Training Aviation Regiment (Akhtyrka, Sumy Oblast); 102 L-39
810th Training Aviation Regiment (Chuguev, Kharkov Oblast): 103 MiG-21
812th Aviation Regiment (Kupyansk (Kurlovka), Kharkov Oblast): 102 MiG-21
Chernigov Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots (Черниговское ВВАУЛ/Chernigov VVAUL)
105th Training Aviation Regiment (Konotop (air base)): 101 L-39
701st Training Aviation Regiment (Chernigov air base): 101 L-39
703rd Training Aviation Regiment (Gorodnya/Городня): 101 L-39
The Chernigov School was disbanded 30.11.1995.
References
Further reading
Air Forces Monthly, March 1994 (Further reading)
External links
http://www8.brinkster.com/vad777/sssr89-91/vvs/fa/17-kiev.htm
Michael Holm, 17th Air Army
Air armies of the Soviet Air Forces
Air armies of the Ukrainian Air Forces
Military units and formations of the Ukrainian Air Force
Military units and formations established in 1942
Military units and formations disestablished in the 1990s
1942 establishments in the Soviet Union
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27612698
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%20European%20Athletics%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20high%20jump
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2010 European Athletics Championships – Men's high jump
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The men's high jump at the 2010 European Athletics Championships was held at the Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys on 27 and 29 July.
Medalists
Records
Schedule
Results
Qualification
Qualification: Qualification Performance 2.28 (Q) or at least 12 best performers advance to the final
Final
References
Qualification Results
Final Results
Full results
High jump
High jump at the European Athletics Championships
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8889188
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio%20State%20Route%20151
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Ohio State Route 151
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State Route 151 (SR 151) is an east–west state highway in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Ohio. The western terminus of State Route 151 is at a T-intersection with U.S. Route 250 approximately southwest of Bowerston. Its eastern terminus is at a diamond interchange with State Route 7 just south of Mingo Junction.
Route description
State Route 151 travels through Harrison and Jefferson Counties. Only the segment of SR 151 that is concurrent with US 22 near Hopedale is included within the National Highway System.
History
When it was first established in 1924, State Route 151 consisted of what is now a stretch of State Route 212 between Sherrodsville and Bowerston and the current portion of State Route 151 between Bowerston and its current eastern terminus at State Route 7 near Mingo Junction. In 1927, the western end of State Route 151 changed shape when the former stretch of State Route 151 between Sherrodsville and Bowerston became State Route 212, and what was State Route 212 heading southwest from Bowerston to the former State Route 6 (now U.S. Route 250) became a re-routing of State Route 151. Consequently, State Route 151 took on the routing that it maintains to this day.
Major intersections
References
External links
151
Transportation in Harrison County, Ohio
Transportation in Jefferson County, Ohio
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3733694
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Bartley
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Charles Bartley
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Charles E. Bartley (October 21, 1921 – July 17, 1996) was an American scientist, known for developing the first elastomeric solid rocket propellant formula, at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (now part of NASA) in Pasadena, California in the late 1940s.
Bartley founded Grand Central Rocket Company in Redlands, California in 1952. Six years later, his company provided the fuel for the third stage of Explorer I, America's first satellite. Bartley eventually sold Grand Central and founded two other solid propellant rocket companies specializing in weather rockets and ejection seats for jets—Rocket Power, which he formed in Mesa, Ariz., in 1959, and Universal Propulsion Co., which he established in Phoenix in 1963. He was elected to the American Rocket Society (now the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics) in 1951. In 1953, he was given a society award for outstanding contributions.
A full essay on Charles Bartley's contributions to the world of solid propellant rocket motors and the business after their development is contained in:
CHARLES BARTLEY interviewed by John F. Bluth, October 3 and 4, 1994
Recorded and documented in the
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY ARCHIVES
ORAL HISTORY PROGRAM
References
,
1996 deaths
Rocket scientists
1921 births
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58777803
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inquisitor%20cosibensis
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Inquisitor cosibensis
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Inquisitor cosibensis is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae, the turrids and allies.
Description
Distribution
This extinct marine species was found in Pliocene strata in the Koshiba Formation at Kanagawa, Japan.
References
Yokoyama, Matajiro. "Fossils from the Miura Peninsula and its immediate north." Journal of the College of Science, Tokyo Imperial University 39 (1920): 1–198.
Taki, I. and Oyama, K., 1954: Matajiro Yokoyama's the Pliocene and later faunas from the Kwanto region in Japan. Palaeontological Society of Japan, Special Papers, no. 2, pp. 1–68, pls. 1–49.
Oyama, K., 1973: Revision of Matajiro Yokoyama's type Mollusca from the Tertiary and Quaternary of the Kanto area. Palaeontological Society of Japan, Special Papers, no. 17, pp. 1–148, pls. 1–57.
External links
University of Tokyo: Etremopa cosibensis (Yokoyama, 1920) Lectotype
University of Tokyo: Inquisitor cosibensis
cosibensis
Gastropods described in 1920
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4557151
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain%20America%20%281990%20film%29
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Captain America (1990 film)
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Captain America (released in the Philippines as Bloodmatch) is a 1990 American-Yugoslavian superhero film directed by Albert Pyun and written by Stephen Tolkin and Lawrence J. Block (aka Larry Block). The film is based on the Marvel Comics superhero of the same name. While the film takes several liberties with the comic's storyline, it features Steve Rogers becoming Captain America during World War II to battle the Red Skull, being frozen in ice, and subsequently being revived to save the President of the United States from a crime family that dislikes his environmentalist policies.
Plot
The film opens in Porto Venere, Fascist Italy in 1936. The government kidnaps a child prodigy, Tadzio De Santis, and kills his family. The child is needed for an experimental project to create a Fascist supersoldier. The procedure's inventor Dr. Maria Vaselli, objects to the cruelty of using the boy. Under the cover of gunfire, Dr. Vaselli flees to the United States to offer her services to the Americans.
Seven years later, In 1943 the American government finds a volunteer in Steve Rogers, a frail soldier who is excluded from the draft due to being partly crippled by polio. The formula successfully cures Rogers' ailments and gives him "the strength and speed of a world-class athlete", but before any more supersoldiers can be created, Vaselli is murdered by a Nazi spy secretly working with Lieutenant Fleming. Rogers is shot three times but manages to kill the spy. Meanwhile, the now adult de Santis—whose skin was burnt to a horrific, scarred red texture by the earlier version of Vaselli's procedure, but has physical prowess equal to Rogers—has become the Red Skull, and is planning to launch a prototype intercontinental ballistic missile at the White House. Having recovered from his wounds after mere days in a military hospital, Rogers—now code-named Captain America—is sent in to defeat the Red Skull and deactivate the missile. Rogers penetrates the Nazi launch compound, but after an initial battle, the Red Skull defeats Captain America and ties him to the missile as it is about to launch. Captain America grabs the Red Skull's arm and forces him to cut off his own hand to avoid being launched along with Rogers. While the missile is over Washington, D.C., a young boy named Tom Kimball takes a photograph as Captain America kicks one of the missile's fins, changing its course mere yards from the White House and ultimately crashing somewhere in Alaska, burying itself under the ice with Rogers still attached.
Over the next 50 years, Tom Kimball becomes a Vietnam War hero and is eventually elected President of the United States. A year into his first term, he pushes for aggressive new pro-environmentalist legislation that angers the military-industrial complex headed by General Fleming, who holds a secret conference in Italy. There Fleming meets with the Red Skull and various other leaders of the shadow organization. Following the war, the Red Skull had extensive plastic surgery to partially alter his disfigured features, raised a hitwoman daughter, Valentina, and became the leader of a powerful crime family. In the 1960s, this same shadow organization hired the Red Skull and his thugs to murder various Americans who were against their militarism and Red Skull's fascism, such as Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., President John F. Kennedy, and Robert Kennedy. The Red Skull does not approve Kimball's murder, pointing out how the organization also assassinated Elvis Presley which turned into public disbelief. Instead, Tadzio De Santis will organize Kimball's kidnapping and subsequent brainwashing.
In Alaska, a team of researchers accidentally find Rogers' body frozen in a block of ice, and he awakens still thinking that it is the 1940s. His mysterious reappearance and escape make international headlines, alerting both Kimball and the Red Skull to the fact that their decades-old obsession is still alive. After escaping from some of the Red Skull's thugs, Rogers brushes off Sam Kolawetz, a reporter and childhood friend of President Kimball who has long hounded the Skull and his cartel, and hitchhikes his way back to his wartime girlfriend, Bernice, in Redondo Beach, California. While Bernice still lives at her old residence, she has long since married and raised her own daughter, Sharon, who gives Rogers a series of VHS history tapes to watch. Meanwhile, Red Skull's thugs, led by Valentina, break into Bernice's house and kill her during their efforts to find Rogers. While visiting Sharon's father in the hospital, Rogers and Sharon learn from the news that President Kimball has been kidnapped, and vow to rescue him from the Red Skull. Rogers and Sharon visit the secret underground base where he gained his superpowers to recover Vaselli's diary and learn the original name of Red Skull. They find the diary but are ambushed by Red Skull's thugs, who are defeated by Rogers. They travel to Italy and, in the Red Skull's childhood home, locate an old recording of the murder of his parents during a piano recital. Sharon gets kidnapped as a distraction to allow Rogers, who once again dons his costume, to enter the Red Skull's castle.
Kimball escapes from his cell and soon encounters Captain America. Awestruck to finally meet his enigmatic childhood hero, Kimball teams up with Rogers in laying siege to the castle. In the midst of their battle, the Red Skull pulls out a remote trigger for a nuclear bomb, but Rogers uses Sharon's recording of the murder of Red Skull's family fifty-seven years earlier to distract him. Red Skull is lost in thought for a moment, but still tries to set the bombs off. Before he can, Captain America uses his shield to send Red Skull off a cliff and killing him. As Valentina prepares to kill Rogers, she is then hit from behind by his returning shield. The United States Marines arrive to save the President and arrest the Americans involved in the kidnapping as Rogers and Sharon embrace, and a news voiceover announces the passing of Kimball's new environmental pact as agreed upon by dozens of other countries around the world.
Cast
Matt Salinger as Steve Rogers / Captain America
Ronny Cox as President Tom Kimball
Garrette Ratliffe as Young Tom Kimball
Scott Paulin as Tadzio De Santis / Red Skull
Massimilio Massimi as Young Tadzio De Santis
Ned Beatty as Sam Kolawetz
Thomas Beatty as Young Sam Kolawetz
Darren McGavin as General Fleming
Bill Mumy as Young Lieutenant Fleming
Francesca Neri as Valentina De Santis
Michael Nouri as Lieutenant Colonel Louis
Kim Gillingham as Bernice Stewart / Sharon
Sven Medvešek as Pietro
Melinda Dillon as Mrs. Rogers
Carla Cassola as Dr. Maria Vaselli
Wayde Preston as Jack
Production
The first feature-length production of Captain America for theatrical release had a long and tumultuous production history. The film rights were originally purchased by Universal Pictures, who planned a theatrical feature-length film starring Jeff Bridges as Captain America, and Peter Fonda as the Red Skull. The writer, Jeffery Sprouse, later revealed a script and pieces of concept art that also included Falcon, Baron Zemo (unknown, though possibly Helmut), and Bucky Barnes as characters, when he was interviewed about the project. The film ultimately never got made.
The rights were then sold to The Cannon Group founders Menahem Golan and Yoram Globus in 1984. Initially Cannon regular Michael Winner (Death Wish 1-3) was attached to direct a script by James Silke. However, in 1986 Winner scrapped the Silke script and recruited British television writer Stan Hey (Auf Wiedersehen, Pet, Dalziel and Pascoe). According to Hey, the film involved a stolen Statue of Liberty plot by an elderly Red Skull, aided by a female death cult, and Steve Rogers working as an artist. Later, after some negative feedback for the Winner & Hey version, Winner started over, working alongside Stan Lee and Lawrence J. Block (aka Larry Block), with an advertisement released with their names listed. By 1987 Winner was off the project and actor-director John Stockwell came aboard with a script by Stephen Tolkin.
Golan left Cannon in 1989 and as part of a severance package he was given control of 21st Century Film Corporation and allowed to carry over the film rights to the Captain America character. Director Albert Pyun, who had previously worked at Cannon, was brought on board and worked with the Tolkin script that originally started at Cannon. In an interview with Cinefantastique, Tolkin explained some of the changes that he made from the original comic, including changing the appearance and character of the Red Skull: "I didn't think people wanted to keep looking at this horrible skull face forever".
Principal photography began in 1989 and was completed in 1990. Entertainment Tonight also visited the set during making of the film, airing a segment in August 1989.
Release
The film was intended for release in August 1990, to coincide with the fiftieth anniversary of Captain America. Several release dates were announced between Fall 1990 and Winter 1991, but the film went unreleased for two years before debuting direct-to-video and on cable television in the United States in the summer of 1992. In UK, 20/20 vision released the VHS in 1991 prior to its release in the United States. The film was given a limited theatrical release internationally. In the Philippines, the film was released as Bloodmatch on December 11, 1991 in a double feature with a Snoopy film; posters miscredit Jean-Claude Van Damme as the "martial art instructor".
The film was invited to screen as part of the 2013 Comic-Con in San Diego in July 2013.
The film also had its debut on Cinemax Asia.
Reception
Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gave the studio cut of the film an approval rating of 13% based on 16 reviews, with an average rating of 3.80/10. The consensus states: "Lacking a script, budget, direction, or star capable of doing justice to its source material, this Captain America should have been left under the ice." Some reviews and publications stated that the film is not quite as bad as some reviewers had said and that the director's cut was better than the studio version.
In one of the few contemporary reviews, Entertainment Weekly critic Frank Lovece wrote, "The movie isn't merely wrong for kids – it opens in pre-war Italy with a sequence in Italian with subtitles, and a machine-gun slaughter – it's just all wrong", and decried the "shapeless blob of a plot" in grading the film "F". Variety called it "a strictly routine superhero outing" and "this fantasy adventure is missing the large-scale setpieces" that audiences have come to expect.
IGN gave the two different reviews for each different versions, the unfavorable rating for MGM version and the average rating for the Collector's Edition version. Cinelinx's Victor Medina rated the film B-, but rated the overall DVD grade C- because of the DVD video transfer and the lack of extras.
In 2016, Flickering Myth's Neil Calloway said, "It's not a great film, and is really only of interest as a pre-MCU curio for hardcore Marvel fans."
The film gained some cult followings. Film Trap's Justin Decloux mentioned the film as the one of Albert Pyun films he has liked. 411MANIA's Bryan Kristopowitz rated the film 10.0/10.0 as the B cult films review.
Home media
The film was first released on VHS and LaserDisc by 20/20 Vision (UK VHS) in 1991 and by Columbia TriStar Home Video (US VHS and LD) in 1992.
The film was released on DVD as part of the MGM limited edition made-on-demand series.
A Blu-ray Disc of the film was released by Shout! Factory on May 21, 2013 as a Collector's Edition which features a widescreen HD presentation and brand new interviews with director Pyun and star Salinger.
See also
Captain America (1944 serial)
Captain America (1979)
Captain America II: Death Too Soon (1979)
Captain America: The First Avenger (2011)
Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014)
Captain America: Civil War (2016)
References
External links
Captain America at Superheroes Lives
Bell, Josh. "Chatting with Original Captain America Director Albert Pyun", Las Vegas Weekly, June 29, 2011. WebCitation archive.
Captain America films
1990 films
1990s science fiction action films
1990s superhero films
American films
American science fiction action films
Cryonics in fiction
1990s English-language films
Films directed by Albert Pyun
Films set in 1936
Films set in 1943
Films set in 1993
Films set in Alaska
Films set in Canada
Films set in Germany
Films set in Italy
Films set in Los Angeles
Films set in Ohio
Films set in Washington, D.C.
Films shot in Croatia
Films shot in Los Angeles
Films shot in Slovenia
Films shot in Yugoslavia
Films with screenplays by Stephen Tolkin
Jadran Film films
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer direct-to-video films
Films produced by Menahem Golan
Films scored by Barry Goldberg
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9857620
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Two%20Rivals%20%281944%20film%29
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The Two Rivals (1944 film)
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The Two Rivals (Spanish: Los Dos rivales) is a 1944 Argentine film.
Cast
External links
1944 films
Argentine films
1940s Spanish-language films
Argentine black-and-white films
Argentine musical films
1944 musical films
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843182
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejandro%20Corichi
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Alejandro Corichi
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Alejandro Corichi is a theoretical physicist working at the Quantum Gravity group of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). He obtained his bachelor's degree at UNAM (1991) and his PhD at Pennsylvania State University (1997).
His field of study is General Relativity and Quantum Gravity, where
he has contributed to the understanding of classical aspects of black holes, to the non-commutativity and black holes within the approach known as Loop quantum gravity and to loop quantum cosmology.
External links
Profile and research at the UNAM site.
Abstract of an article on Loop Quantization of Maxwell Theory.
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Mexican physicists
Loop quantum gravity researchers
National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni
National Autonomous University of Mexico faculty
Mexican astronomers
Eberly College of Science alumni
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32747182
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Young%20%28engineer%29
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Alexander Young (engineer)
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Alexander Young (December 14, 1833July 2, 1910) was a mechanical engineer and politician in the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi.
He began as an apprentice for Alexander Chaplin & Co. in Glasgow, and then Anderson & Co. in London. He married Ruth Pearce in early 1860 and traveled to Vancouver Island on August 26, 1860, to construct a sawmill. The two (with one child) traveled to Hawaii in February 1865. They had nine surviving children.
Young had operated a small foundry and machine shop in Hilo, Hawaii, with William Lidgate, and business expanded with the growth of Hawaii's sugar plantations. He moved to Honolulu around 1869 and bought the Honolulu Iron Works from Thomas Hughes, who had revived the business after a devastating fire in 1860.
In 1875 Theophilus Harris Davies refinanced the Honolulu Iron Works and hired Young as manager. The two then organized the Waiakea Mill Company. Around 1900 he formed the von Hamm-Young Company. Principals were Young's son Archibald Alfred Young and son-in-law Conrad Carl von Hamm. An early project was the Alexander Young Hotel.
In 1887 he became a citizen of the Kingdom of Hawaii, and from 1887 to 1892 served in the House of Nobles. After the 1893 overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii, he served on an advisory council for the provisional Government of Hawaii. From October 27, 1899, to May 18, 1900, he served as Minister of the Interior until the Territory of Hawaii government was established.
After Young's death July 2, 1910, and Archibald's in 1925, von Hamm took over the business. It expanded to include automobile dealerships in the 1920s and other businesses. In 1964 it was renamed "The Hawaii Corporation". After von Hamm's death in 1965 the company eventually liquidated in one of Hawaii's first large bankruptcy cases.
See also
Alexander Young Building
Notes
1833 births
1910 deaths
19th-century Scottish people
Hawaiian Kingdom politicians
People from Blackburn, West Lothian
Scottish mechanical engineers
Scottish emigrants to the United States
Scottish emigrants to Canada
Members of the Hawaiian Kingdom House of Nobles
Republic of Hawaii Interior Ministers
19th-century Scottish businesspeople
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252763
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISAM
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ISAM
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ISAM (an acronym for indexed sequential access method) is a method for creating, maintaining, and manipulating computer files of data so that records can be retrieved sequentially or randomly by one or more keys. Indexes of key fields are maintained to achieve fast retrieval of required file records in Indexed files. IBM originally developed ISAM for mainframe computers, but implementations are available for most computer systems.
The term ISAM is used for several related concepts:
The IBM ISAM product and the algorithm it employs.
A database system where an application developer directly uses an application programming interface to search indexes in order to locate records in data files. In contrast, a relational database uses a query optimizer which automatically selects indexes.
An indexing algorithm that allows both sequential and keyed access to data. Most databases use some variation of the B-tree for this purpose, although the original IBM ISAM and VSAM implementations did not do so.
Most generally, any index for a database. Indexes are used by almost all databases.
Organization
In an ISAM system, data is organized into records which are composed of fixed length fields, originally stored sequentially in key sequence. Secondary set(s) of records, known as indexes, contain pointers to the location of each record, allowing individual records to be retrieved without having to search the entire data set. This differs from the contemporaneous navigational databases, in which the pointers to other records were stored inside the records themselves. The key improvement in ISAM is that the indexes are small and can be searched quickly, possibly entirely in memory, thereby allowing the database to access only the records it needs. Additional modifications to the data do not require changes to other data, only the table and indexes in question.
When an ISAM file is created, index nodes are fixed, and their pointers do not change during inserts and deletes that occur later (only content of leaf nodes change afterwards). As a consequence of this, if inserts to some leaf node exceed the node's capacity, new records are stored in overflow chains. If there are many more inserts than deletions from a table, these overflow chains can gradually become very large, and this affects the time required for retrieval of a record.
Relational databases can easily be built on an ISAM framework with the addition of logic to maintain the validity of the links between the tables. Typically the field being used as the link, the foreign key, will be indexed for quick lookup. While this is slower than simply storing the pointer to the related data directly in the records, it also means that changes to the physical layout of the data do not require any updating of the pointers—the entry will still be valid.
ISAM is simple to understand and implement, as it primarily consists of direct access to a database file. The trade-off is that each client machine must manage its own connection to each file it accesses. This, in turn, leads to the possibility of conflicting inserts into those files, leading to an inconsistent database state. To prevent this, some ISAM implementations provide whole-file or individual record locking functionality. Locking multiple records runs the risk of deadlock unless a deadlock prevention scheme is strictly followed. The problems of locking, and deadlock are typically solved with the addition of a client-server framework which marshals client requests and maintains ordering. Full ACID transaction management systems are provided by some ISAM client-server implementations. These are the basic concepts behind a database management system (DBMS), which is a client layer over the underlying data store.
ISAM was replaced at IBM with a methodology called VSAM (virtual storage access method). Still later, IBM developed SQL/DS and then DB2 which, as of 2004, IBM promotes as their primary database management system. VSAM is the physical access method used in DB2.
OpenVMS
The OpenVMS operating system uses the Files-11 file system in conjunction with RMS (Record Management Services). RMS provides an additional layer between the application and the files on disk that provides a consistent method of data organization and access across multiple 3GL and 4GL languages. RMS provides four different methods of accessing data; sequential, relative record number access, record file address access, and indexed access.
The indexed access method of reading or writing data only provides the desired outcome if in fact the file is organized as an ISAM file with the appropriate, previously defined keys. Access to data via the previously defined key(s) is extremely fast. Multiple keys, overlapping keys and key compression within the hash tables are supported. A utility to define/redefine keys in existing files is provided. Records can be deleted, although "garbage collection" is done via a separate utility.
Design considerations
IBM engineers designed the ISAM system to use a minimum amount of computer memory. The tradeoff was that the Input/Output channel, control unit, and disk were kept busier. An ISAM file consists of a collection of data records and two or three levels of index. The track index contains the highest key for each disk track on the cylinder it indexes. The cylinder index stores the highest key on a cylinder, and the disk address of the corresponding track index. An optional master index, usually used only for large files, contains the highest key on a cylinder index track and the disk address of that cylinder index. Once a file is loaded data records are not moved; inserted records are placed into a separate overflow area. To locate a record by key the indexes on disk are searched by a complex self-modifying channel program. This increased the busy time of the channel, control unit, and disk. With increased physical and virtual memory sizes in later systems this was seen as inefficient, and VSAM was developed to alter the tradeoff between memory usage and disk activity.
ISAM's use of self-modifying channel programs later caused difficulties for CP-67 support of OS/360, since CP-67 copied an entire channel program into fixed memory when the I/O operation was started and translated virtual addresses to real addresses.
ISAM-style implementations
Advantage Database Server database manager
Berkeley DB
Btrieve
FairCom DB
C-ISAM
DataFlex proprietary database
dBase and related products Clipper and Foxpro
Digital Equipment Corporation Record Management Services
Enscribe is the HP Tandem structured file access method
Extensible Storage Engine
Access Database Engine (ACE and formerly JET) used by Microsoft Access
MySQL implements and extends ISAM as MyISAM
Paradox
pblIsam GPL implementation written in C
Raima database manager
Superbase database family
dbm DBM and Flat File databases working in tandem
See also
Sequential access memory (SAM)
Virtual storage access method (VSAM)
Flat file
NoSQL
dbm
References
Computer file systems
Computer file formats
IBM software
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67221188
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C3%A7kaya%2C%20Narman
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Koçkaya, Narman
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Koçkaya is a neighbourhood in the Narman District of Erzurum Province in Turkey.
References
Villages in Narman District
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42962994
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pankaja%20Munde
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Pankaja Munde
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Pankaja Munde (born 26 July 1979), also known by her married name Pankaja Munde-Palwe, is an Indian politician from the state of Maharashtra and National Secretary of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
Early life
Pankaja Munde was born to Gopinath Munde and Pradnya Munde on 26 July 1979 as their eldest child. She has two younger sisters, Pritam Munde and Yashashari. She completed her graduation and also holds an MBA. She is a niece of Pramod Mahajan, and a cousin to Rahul Mahajan and Poonam Mahajan.
Political career
Her father Gopinath Munde was Deputy CM of Maharashtra in the 1990s. Pankaja Munde was the Minister of Rural and Women, Child Development in the Devendra Fadnavis cabinet. She is known as a 'businesswoman' in the Sugar Factory sector & Bank sector. She received 'The Powerful Politician' award in the year 2017 and one of the mass and firebrand leaders from Maharashtra state.
Pankaja Munde served as the State President of BJP's youth wing, the Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha (BJYM), in 2012. She was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra from Parli constituency in 2009. She took oath as Maharashtra Cabinet Minister on 31 October 2014. She was allotted Ministry of Rural Development, Women & Child welfare.
Before 2014 Maharashtra assembly election, Maharashtra BJP announced a two-week "Punha Sangharsh Yatra" which was planned party & led by Pankaja Munde along the lines of a Sangharsh Yatra undertaken by her father in 1995 after which the Shiv Sena-BJP came to power in the state. The 14 days long yatra started on 27 August 2014. Politicians like Amit Shah, Smriti Irani, Rajiv Pratap Rudy attended this Yatra. Pankaja Munde covered 79 assembly constituencies by doing 600 rallies and 3500 km of road journey. ‘Punha Sangharsh Yatra’ got an overwhelming response and supporters of Pankaja Munde wanted her as Chief Minister of Maharashtra but she never aspired or planned to pitch herself as chief minister.
She said she just wanted to play a key role in ensuring the BJP comes to power. During her tour and during the poll campaigns, people said she should take her father's place. People cheered for her at Amit Shah's rally too. But she always said that she likes to be the kingmaker, not the king. Purpose of her Yatra was to ensure the state gets a BJP government and a CM.
She is also known for arranging a memorial of her father and senior BJP leader, Gopinath Munde, at Parli in Beed district. The 20-feet tall statue of him, called Gopinath Gad is also known as a 'tomb of father by daughter.' It was commenced after his death in a 2014 road accident and is sited on the premises of the Vaidyanath Cooperative Sugar Mill. Social activities, drought relief, skill development, education scholarship & many such activities have been started to conducting through 'Gopinath Gad' Prathisthan.
In June 2015, the opposition party Indian National Congress accused her of being involved in the chikki scam, alleging that she had flouted norms by clearing the purchase without floating tenders. Munde rejected the accusations of corruption, arguing that a policy for an online tendering system was not in place when she commissioned the purchase. Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis also defended her, stating that the norm of inviting e-tenders was introduced by his government in April, two months after Munde cleared the contracts.
After a few days, Anti Corruption Bureau, Maharashtra gave a clean chit to Pankaja Munde in connection with the 206 crore Chikki scandal alleged by the opposition and said the tender was given in compliance with the court's rules, with no facts in this regard.
Honouring the late party leader Gopinath Munde, Government of India unveiled a special postal cover on his Seventh death anniversary. The cover of this post inaugurated in the presence of BJP National President JP Nadda, Union Telecom Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad virtually. it was Mass leader Gopinath Munde who laid the foundation for taking the party to Dalits and deprived classes of the state which is why the BJP is the biggest party in Maharashtra today.
The year 2022 started with victory crown for Pankaja Munde as she has upper hand in nagar panchayat election in the Beed district. In the Beed district, BJP emerged as only winner by getting victory in all the 4 Nagar Panchayat and BJP became the top party by bagging maximum seats under her leadership. For Pankaja Munde as she has credited for the party’s success in this polls, her winning of local self-governing bodies is indicative of public mandate ahead of other crucial polls in the future.
Personal life
Pankaja married to Amit Palwe. The couple has one son name as Aryaman. She has authored a photobiography of her father, titled Lokneta Gopinath Munde.
Dasara (Dussehra) Melava
The tradition of Dasara (Dussehra) Melava is of devotion and strength, and this tradition was started by Gopinath Munde twenty-five years ago at Bhagwangad, which is the cemetery and workplace of the great Saint Bhagwan Baba.
For this Melava, Gopinath Munde addressed the Bahujan community to set new directions and conditions, i.e., 'Shimoullanghan'; To start something new.
After his death, the place was taken over by his successor daughter Pankaja Munde. In 2016, Pankaja Munde decided to take Dasara Melava at Savargaon, the birthplace of great Saint Bhagwan Baba, due to a dispute with the Mahant of the Gad.
The Dasara Melava which took place in a large crowd and enthusiasm; Pankaja Munde has been successful in making the same melava in Savargaon.
Bhagwangad is a place of power of the Bahujan and Other Backward Class OBC community. So far, as many people have attended the rally and addressed the gathering; include veterans like Sambhaji Raje , Amit Shah, Prakash Yashwant Ambedkar , Mahadev Jankar, Eknath Khadse, Ram Shinde many other monk-saint.
Every year, lakh of devotees and supporters participate in this rally with great enthusiasm.
References
External links
Official Website
Maharashtra MLAs 2009–2014
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Maharashtra
People from Beed district
Women in Maharashtra politics
Living people
Maharashtra MLAs 2014–2019
State cabinet ministers of Maharashtra
People from Marathwada
Marathi politicians
21st-century Indian women politicians
21st-century Indian politicians
Women state cabinet ministers of India
1979 births
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7301526
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevus%20of%20Ota
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Nevus of Ota
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Nevus of Ota is a hyperpigmentation that occurs on the face, most often appearing on the white of the eye. It also occurs on the forehead, nose, cheek, periorbital region, and temple.
It was first reported by Masao Ōta of Japan in 1939.
Cause
Nevus of Ota is caused by the entrapment of melanocytes in the upper third of the dermis. It is found only on the face, most commonly unilaterally, rarely bilaterally and involves the first two branches of the trigeminal nerve. The sclera is involved in two-thirds of cases (causing an increased risk of glaucoma). It should not be confused with Mongolian spot, which is a birthmark caused by entrapment of melanocytes in the dermis but is located in the lumbosacral region. Women are nearly five times more likely to be affected than men, and it is rare among Caucasian people. Nevus of Ota may not be congenital, and may appear during puberty.
Skin treatment
A Q-switched 1064 nm laser has been successfully used to treat the condition. The Q-switched lasers (694 nm ruby, 755 nm Alexandrite or 1064 nm Nd-YAG) with their high peak power and pulse width in nano second range are best suited to treat various epidermal, junctional, mixed and dermal lesions. The Q-switched 1064 nm Nd-YAG is an ideal choice to treat dermal pigment as in nevus of Ota and in darker skin types, as it reduces the risk of epidermal injury and pigmentary alterations. The pigment clearance can be expected to be near total, using multiple treatment sessions, each separated by a minimum of six weeks. The number of treatments required depends on the severity of the lesion. A darker lesion needs more treatments. The outcome also depends to some extent on the power output and quality of the laser system. Last but not least, the skill of the laser surgeon plays a role in achieving early and good clearance.
Treatment
A specific form of conjunctivoplasty may help somewhat.
Notable cases
Actress Daniela Ruah of NCIS: Los Angeles, right eye
Actor Eriq La Salle of ER, left eye
See also
Nevus of Ito
List of cutaneous conditions
References
Melanocytic nevi and neoplasms
Cutaneous congenital anomalies
Eye color
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54274935
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oppidum%20Novum
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Oppidum Novum
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Oppidum Novum is the name of several ancient towns:
Oppidum Novum (Aquitania), city in Aquitaine, France
Oppidum Novum (Caesariensis), city in Mauretania Caesariensis, now in Algeria
City in Mauretania Tingitana, today Ksar el-Kebir in Morocco
Archaeological sites in Morocco
Archaeological sites in Algeria
Catholic titular sees in Africa
Former Roman Catholic dioceses in Africa
Roman towns and cities in Mauretania Tingitana
Roman towns and cities in Mauretania Caesariensis
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25065805
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli%20Whitney%20Debevoise
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Eli Whitney Debevoise
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Eli Whitney Debevoise (December 14, 1899 – June 30, 1990) was a prominent New York lawyer who co-founded the law firm Debevoise & Plimpton and periodically served in a variety of high-profile government positions.
Early life
Debevoise was born on December 14, 1899 in Manhattan, the son of Anne Farnam Whitney and Thomas McElrath Debevoise. He was named after his great-great grandfather, Eli Whitney, the inventor of the cotton gin.
He graduated from the Hotchkiss School in Lakeville, Conn., in 1917 and subsequently enlisted in the U.S. Army, eventually attaining the rank of second lieutenant.
Legal career
He graduated from Yale University in 1921 and from the Harvard Law School in 1925. After graduation, Debevoise immediately joined his father’s Manhattan law practice, but later became an associate at Davis Polk & Wardwell, a firm headed by John W. Davis, the Democratic candidate for president in 1924.
In 1931, Debevoise and William Stevenson, a fellow associate at Davis Polk & Wardwell, formed a partnership under the name Debevoise & Stevenson, which later became Debevoise & Plimpton, with a total of $2,366 in their account. They were soon joined by Francis Plimpton and, in 1936, Robert G. Page. The firm enjoyed early success as counsel to the trustee in the 1932 bankruptcy proceedings of Ivar Kreuger’s International Match Company. During World War II, Debevoise was chairman of the Alien Enemy Hearing Board in New York.
During the early 1950s, Debevoise had many high-profile cases and served in many prominent public positions. From 1951 to 1953, Debevoise served as Deputy High Commissioner for Germany and was general counsel to the Allied Commission that administered Germany’s affairs in the years after World War II.
After returning to the United States, Debevoise rejoined Debevoise & Plimpton and engaged in a variety of public service and human rights activities. Notably, he was a founder of the International Commission of Jurists, one of the first global human rights organizations. Debevoise also served as chairman of Governor Nelson Rockefeller’s Committee to Review New York Laws and Procedures on Human Rights and helped craft the final report that was delivered in March 1968.
Debevoise retired at the age of 87 and died at his home in Manhattan on June 30, 1990.
The Archives and Special Collections at Amherst College holds some of his papers.
References
External links
Eli Whitney Debevoise Papers, Amherst College Archives and Special Collections
Debevoise Family Papers at Williams College Archives & Special Collections
New York (state) lawyers
1990 deaths
1899 births
Hotchkiss School alumni
Yale University alumni
Harvard Law School alumni
People from Manhattan
United States Army officers
Davis Polk & Wardwell lawyers
People associated with Debevoise & Plimpton
20th-century American lawyers
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9214306
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KQAC
|
KQAC
|
All Classical Portland (89.9 FM, "KQAC") is an American classical radio station licensed to serve the community of Portland, Oregon. KQAC is owned by All Classical Public Media, Inc., a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization. This classical music service is broadcast 24/7 in the Portland metro area at 89.9, at 88.1 at the Oregon Coast and in the Columbia Gorge. It is available worldwide via the Internet.
KQAC, KQHR, and KQOC rely on support from their community. 93% of All Classical’s financial support comes directly from its community, which consists of listeners, nonprofit arts organizations, businesses and foundations in Portland, Vancouver, the central Oregon coast, and the Columbia Gorge. Additionally, a small portion of the station's annual budget comes from various foundation grants and from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. All Classical has extensive volunteer support and an internship program.
KQAC broadcasts in the HD (hybrid) format. The station's live stream is available through its mobile app.
Programming
Programs produced by KQAC include:
Saturday Matinee: Saturday host Ed Goldberg plays a mix of opera, show tunes, film themes, comic operettas, and American band music.
The Concert Hall: John Pitman hosts a show of orchestral concert recordings.
Sunday Brunch: Hosted Suzanne Nance.
The Score: Host Edmund Stone explores classical music used in film. This program is syndicated in several cities in the United States and internationally.
Northwest Previews: Andrea Murray hosts a five-minute program every Friday highlighting local arts events for the upcoming weekend and week ahead.
Club Mod: Host Andrea Murray explores modernism, past and present, on this two-hour Saturday night show.
Played in Oregon: Host Brandi Parisi celebrates the classical music scene in Oregon with a one-hour program each Sunday.
On Deck with Young Musicians: Every Saturday, host Christa Wessel showcases the young musicians who live and perform in the Pacific Northwest.
Five Minutes of Joy: In five minutes or less, All Classical presents updates from their new JOY community initiative, including the Youth Roving Reporters, Where We Live, and Night Out projects.
Thursdays @ Three: Hosted by Christa Wessel, Thursdays @ Three broadcasts live performances of local and visiting artists.
Syndicated programs aired on KQAC include Composers Datebook and Metropolitan Opera.
Community Outreach
JOY (Joyous Outreach to You/th)
In Fall 2017, All Classical Portland launched JOY. JOY (Joyous Outreach to You/th) is All Classical Portland's outreach initiative consisting of five programs:
Youth Roving Reporters
Artist In Residence
2019 Artist in Residence: Hunter Noack, pianist
2019 Young Artist in Residence: Taylor Yoon, cellist
Where We Live: a bi-monthly radio program
Night Out: an event series
Music Feeds
In Fall 2017, in association with its annual Fall fundraiser, All Classical Portland partnered with Olson & Jones Construction and the Oregon Food Bank to help provide meals to those in need. Throughout September 2017, each donation made to All Classical Portland triggered a third-party donation from Olson & Jones Construction directly to the Oregon Food Bank, which provided over 30,000 meals to individuals and families in need. All Classical Portland repeated this partnership in 2018.
History
In 1983, Portland Public Schools applied for a license to create an FM station that would reach a larger audience than its KBPS 1450 AM station. Reed College's KRRC agreed to slightly shift its FM station, freeing up the 89.9 frequency space on the dial. All Classical KQAC, originally KBPS-FM, began broadcasting on August 1, 1983. The programming of the new KBPS-FM station consisted of NPR’s Morning Edition and All Things Considered, syndicated programming such as Pipedreams and Minnesota Orchestra, and educational programming. In the early years, all programming was pre-recorded.
By the mid-1980s, station production assistant Tania Thompson began live announcing during the morning hours. In 1986, John Pitman, a recent Benson Polytechnic High School graduate, began live announcing during the early evening hours. A third announcer was hired to work throughout the night beginning in 1988, eventually transforming All Classical 89.9 FM into a 24-hour classical music station.
The continued growth of the two KBPS stations (AM and FM) caused a space crisis. At the time, station manager Patricia Swenson and a team of community leaders initiated a campaign to build a new broadcast center with private funds. The new broadcast center was completed in 1992.
Before the new broadcast center was completed, Oregon voters passed a ballot measure authorizing limits on property tax rates in the state. As a result, the Portland Public Schools district faced severe budget cuts, which in turn decreased funding to the two stations of KBPS. Operating cuts caused NPR membership to be discontinued in 1993, and volunteers took a more active role in the station's operations. Pledge drives became the most viable option for the survival of the two public radio stations.
In 2003, Portland Public Schools announced that it was selling its KBPS FM broadcast license. All Classical 89.9 (then KBPS Public Radio Foundation) purchased the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) FM Broadcast License, ensuring that classical music would stay on the airwaves in Portland. The license cost $5.5 million, and a final payment of $337,500 was made on December 14, 2012, certifying this organization as debt-free.
Improvements and recent history
KQAC increased its power from 3,700 watts to 5,200 watts in January 2011, and to 5,900 watts in May 2011. The increase extended coverage in the Portland area by ten miles in all directions and improved reception.
All Classical’s identity and brand has suffered due to the station’s past relationship with Portland Public Schools and the common misconception that this music service is part of Oregon’s statewide public broadcasting organization. In 2009, CEO Jack Allen proposed returning the call letters KBPS back to Portland Public Schools (the BPS in KBPS stood for Benson Polytechnic School). As a result, and in order to avoid confusion, All Classical 89.9 changed its call letters to KQAC (AC = All Classical). KQAC FM changed its official name from KBPS Public Radio Foundation to All Classical Public Media, Inc. to reflect the change of ownership and the call letters. In 2012, Allen took additional steps to assure independence and brand clarity by engaging Jelly Helm, formerly of Wieden + Kennedy, to design a new identity and positioning statement. The final result was the branding "All Classical Portland – we love this music".
In late 2012, the station began the search for a new facility, a home for the next 10 to 20 years. All Classical Portland had long outgrown the facility designed in 1983, which lacked adequate working, meeting, creative and performance space.
In 2014, All Classical Portland moved to its new home in the Hampton Opera Center on the east bank of the Willamette River, just south of OMSI and adjacent to Portland's new Tilikum Crossing, Bridge of the People. The new facility matches the needs of the organization and includes a new performance space, the Roger O. Doyle Performance studio, which also is home to Thursdays @ Three, a weekly feature.
Over the 2015-2016 year, All Classical saw a 22% increase in weekly cumulative listeners according to data published by the Radio Research Consortium and Nielsen Audio.
As of 2018, All Classical grew its audience by 35% in the past four years, and the station has the largest per capita market share of any classical music station in the country.
ICAN
On April 15, 2019, KQAC launched ICAN (International Children's Arts Network) on its HD2 subchannel (along with KQHR and KQOC's HD2 subchannels).
Repeater stations
The station launched its first repeater, KQHR 90.1 FM, in the Hood River area in 2001. KQHR is the first radio station in the Columbia River Gorge with HD digital transmission.
In May 2008, the station launched its second repeater station, KQOC 88.1 FM, rebroadcasting its signal in Lincoln City and Newport on the Oregon coast. The KQOC signal reaches Tillamook and Cannon Beach to the north and Yachats to the south. KQOC Gleneden Beach moved to a new 150-foot tower and commenced broadcasting with a stronger signal January 17, 2013.
In the Fall of 2011, KQAC added an HD-only repeater station in McMinnville, Oregon. Also in 2011, KQHR moved from 90.1 FM to a stronger signal at 88.1 FM.
In April 2014, KQAC added a repeater station, KQMI 88.9 FM in Manzanita, Oregon, and October 2014 saw the addition of a repeater translator in Corvallis, Oregon at 95.7 FM.
See also
List of FM radio stations in the United States by call sign (initial letters KQ–KS)
References
CPB 2009 "My Source" Community Engagement Award
Public Radio Exchange: The Score with Edmund Stone
Portland Public Schools sell KBPS-FM (June 30, 2003)
External links
KQAC official website
QAC
Classical music radio stations in the United States
QAC
Radio stations established in 1983
NPR member stations
1983 establishments in Oregon
Children's radio stations in the United States
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70189067
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyperus%20drakensbergensis
|
Cyperus drakensbergensis
|
Cyperus drakensbergensis is a species of sedge that is native to the KwaZulu-Natal region of South Africa.
See also
List of Cyperus species
References
drakensbergensis
Plants described in 2007
Flora of South Africa
Taxa named by Rafaël Govaerts
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5927327
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliotrope%20%28mineral%29
|
Heliotrope (mineral)
|
The mineral aggregate heliotrope (from Greek ἥλιος, hḗlios “Sun”, τρέπειν, trépein “to turn”), also known as bloodstone, is a cryptocrystalline mixture of quartz that occurs mostly as jasper (opaque) or sometimes as chalcedony (translucent). The "classic" bloodstone is opaque green jasper with red inclusions of hematite. The red inclusions may resemble spots of blood, hence the name bloodstone. The name heliotrope derives from various ancient notions about the manner in which the mineral reflects light. Such notions are described, for example, by Pliny the Elder (Nat. Hist. 37.165).
Legends and superstitions
Heliotrope was called "stone of Babylon" by Albertus Magnus and he referred to several magical properties, which were attributed to it from Late Antiquity. Pliny the Elder (1st century) mentioned first that the magicians used it as a stone of invisibility. Damigeron (4th century) wrote about its property to make rain, solar eclipse and its special virtue in divination and preserving health and youth.
A Christian tradition states that the red spots come from blood falling upon the stone during the crucifixion of Jesus, as he was stabbed in the side by a Roman soldier. Ancient Roman soldiers believed that the stone had the ability to slow bleeding and wore it for this reason. In India it is held that one can staunch the bleeding by placing upon wounds and injuries after dipping it in cold water, which may have a scientific basis in the fact that iron oxide, contained in the stone, is an effective astringent. The Gnostics wore the stone as an amulet for longevity, for wealth and courage, to strengthen the stomach, and to dispel melancholy. In the Middle Ages it was considered useful for animal husbandry. The ancient Greeks and Romans wore the stone to bring renown and favor, to bring endurance, and as a charm against the bite of venomous creatures. Greek and Roman athletes favored it as talisman for success in their games.
Sources
It has been found in Western Australia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Italy, Nova Scotia, and numerous locations in the United States. There are also occurrences of bloodstone on the Isle of Rum, in Scotland.
References
Hall, Candy A. (1994). Gem Stones. DK Publishing. .
External links
Chalcedony
Quartz gemstones
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2457687
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoseismology
|
Paleoseismology
|
Paleoseismology looks at geologic sediments and rocks, for signs of ancient earthquakes. It is used to supplement seismic monitoring, for the calculation of seismic hazard. Paleoseismology is usually restricted to geologic regimes that have undergone continuous sediment creation for the last few thousand years, such as swamps, lakes, river beds and shorelines.
In this typical example, a trench is dug in an active sedimentation regime. Evidence of thrust faulting can be seen in the walls of the trench. It becomes a matter of deducting the relative age of each fault, by cross-cutting patterns. The faults can be dated in absolute terms, if there is dateable carbon, or human artifacts.
Many notable discoveries have been made using the techniques of paleoseismology. For example, there is a common misconception that having many smaller earthquakes can somehow 'relieve' a major fault such as the San Andreas Fault, and reduce the chance of a major earthquake. It is now known (using paleoseismology) that nearly all the movement of the fault takes place with extremely large earthquakes. All of these seismic events (with a moment magnitude of over 8), leave some sort of trace in the sedimentation record.
Another famous example involves the megathrust earthquakes of the Pacific Northwest. It was thought for some time that there was low seismic hazard in the region because relatively few modern earthquakes have been recorded. It was thought that the Cascadia subduction zone was merely sliding in a benign manner.
All of these comforting notions were shattered by paleoseismology studies showing evidence of extremely large earthquakes (the most recent being in 1700), along with historical tsunami records. In effect, the subduction zone under British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and far northern California, is perfectly normal, being extremely hazardous in the long term, with the capability of generating coastal tsunamis of several hundred feet in height at the coast. These are caused by the interface between the subducted sea floor stressing the overlaying coastal soils in compression. Periodically a slip will occur which causes the coastal portion to reduce in elevation and thrust toward the west, leading to tsunamis in the central and eastern north Pacific Ocean (with several hours of warning) and a reflux of water toward the coastal shore, with little time for residents to escape.
An educational excavation
Paleoseismic trenching
Paleoseismic investigations are commonly performed through trenching studies in which a trench is dug and a geologist logs the geological attributes of the rock layers. Trenching studies are especially relevant to seismically active regions, such as many parts of California.
See also
Archaeoseismology
Paleotempestology
Seismite
References
Sources
James P. McCalpin (2009) Paleoseismology (2nd Edition), Academic Press, ,
James P. McCalpin (1996) Paleoseismology, Elsevier,
External links
Paleoseismicity.org - Online platform for paleoseismologists
INQUA Paleoseismology/ web site of the International Focus Group on Paleoseismology and Active tectonics. TERPRO Commission, International Union for Quaternary Research
Historical geology
Fields of seismology
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59542421
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llave
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Llave
|
Llave is a barrio in the island-municipality of Vieques, Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 18.
History
Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became an unincorporated territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Llave and Mosquito barrios was 1,069.
See also
List of communities in Puerto Rico
List of barrios and sectors of Vieques, Puerto Rico
References
Barrios of Vieques, Puerto Rico
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3455933
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markus%20Kankaanper%C3%A4
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Markus Kankaanperä
|
Markus Kankaanperä (born April 27, 1980) is a Finnish professional ice hockey defenceman, currently with HC Bozen-Bolzano of the Austrian IceHL. Kankaanperä was most recently a member of the Dundee Stars in the UK Elite Ice Hockey League (EIHL). He was drafted by the Vancouver Canucks as their eighth-round pick, 218th overall, in the 1999 NHL Entry Draft.
References
External links
1980 births
Bolzano HC players
Brynäs IF players
Dundee Stars players
Finnish ice hockey defencemen
HIFK (ice hockey) players
HPK players
Living people
Löwen Frankfurt players
Jokerit players
Jokipojat players
JYP Jyväskylä players
Tappara players
Vancouver Canucks draft picks
People from Skellefteå Municipality
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11979986
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy%20Cusick
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Andy Cusick
|
Andrew J. Cusick (December 1857 – August 6, 1929) was a catcher in Major League Baseball from 1884 to 1887. He played for the Wilmington Quicksteps and Philadelphia Quakers. Cusick was 5 feet, 9 inches tall and weighed 190 pounds.
Playing career
Cusick was born in Limerick, Ireland, in 1857. He started his professional baseball career in 1883 with the Interstate League's Wilmington Quicksteps. The following season, he played for the Quicksteps of the Eastern League and Union Association and made his major league debut in August. Later that month, Cusick jumped to the National League's Philadelphia Quakers. He had a batting average of .143 in 20 MLB games that season.
Cusick was a back-up catcher for the Quakers for the next few years. In 1885, he played in 39 games and led the NL's catchers in errors, with 57, while batting .177. His final MLB appearance was in June 1887. He then signed with the Western Association's Milwaukee Brewers for 1888, as a first baseman. The Sporting Life reported that "[Cusick] comes to Milwaukee highly recommended by Fogarty, Wood and Mulvey, of the Philadelphias, who say he is a good batsman, a No. 1 baseman, and, if necessary, can go behind the bat and hold up that position with the best of them." After batting .260 in 48 games, Cusick was released in July, and his playing career ended. In 95 career major league games, he batted .193 with no home runs and 15 runs batted in.
Later life
In May 1889, Cusick got a job as an umpire in the Western Association. According to the Sporting Life that month, "[Cusick] umpired the Omaha series, and gave fair satisfaction. His decisions were not in favor of one club more than another but his base decisions were decidedly off color." After he umpired a game in June, the Milwaukee Journal reported that he "gave some very doubtful decisions on both sides and was especially incorrect on calling balls and strikes and of course brought down the anathemas of the vigorous-lunged 'bleachers' upon himself in consequence."
Cusick continued to umpire games during the 1890 season. By January 1891, he had become a deputy constable in St. Louis. He died in Chicago, in 1929 and was buried in Mt. Olivet Cemetery.
See also
List of players from Ireland in Major League Baseball
References
External links
Retrosheet
1857 births
1929 deaths
19th-century baseball players
Major League Baseball catchers
Major League Baseball players from Ireland
Major League Baseball players from the United Kingdom
Wilmington Quicksteps players
Philadelphia Quakers players
Wilmington Quicksteps (minor league) players
Milwaukee Brewers (minor league) players
Milwaukee Creams players
19th-century baseball umpires
Minor league baseball umpires
Sportspeople from Limerick (city)
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29983715
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapolitan%20scale
|
Neapolitan scale
|
In music, the major Neapolitan scale and the minor Neapolitan scale are two musical scales. Both scales are minor, despite their names.
The sequence of scale steps for the Neapolitan minor is as follows:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
A B C D E F G A
[H, W, W, W, H, WH, H
C D E F G A B C]
And for the Neapolitan major:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
A B C D E F G A
[H, W, W, W, W, W, H
C D E F G A B C]
The scales are distinguished from the harmonic and ascending melodic minor scales by the lowered supertonic or second scale degree. This could also be known as the "Phrygian harmonic minor" or "Phrygian melodic minor." The scale therefore shares with the Phrygian mode the property of having a minor second above the tonic.
Both are accompanied well by power or minor chords.
The 4th mode of the Neapolitan major, also known as the Lydian Minor scale, is an excellent choice for the 911/13 (no 5) chord. Said mode contains all the alterations plus the 5. A whole tone scale is often used but that mode tends to be minus the 5 that the Lydian Minor contains.
The 5th mode of the Neapolitan major is also known as the major Locrian scale.
Modes
The scale contains the following modes: {| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="center" | Mode
! align="center" | Name of scale
! colspan="8" align="center" | Degrees
! colspan="8" |Notes (on C Neap. Minor)
!Triad Chords
!Seventh Chords
|-
| align="center" | 1
| Neapolitan Minor || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8
|C
|D
|E
|F
|G
|A
|B
|C
|Cm
|Cmmaj7
|-
| align="center" | 2
| Lydian 6 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8
|D
|E
|F
|G
|A
|B
|C
|D
|D
|Dmaj7 or D6 (equivalent to D7)
|-
| align="center" | 3
| Mixolydian Augmented || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8
|E
|F
|G
|A
|B
|C
|D
|E
|E+
|E+7
|-
| align="center" | 4
| Romani Minor
(or Aeolian/Natural Minor 4)
| 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8
|F
|G
|A
|B
|C
|D
|E
|F
|Fm
|Fm7
|-
| align="center" | 5
| Locrian Dominant || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8
|G
|A
|B
|C
|D
|E
|F
|G
|G♭5
|G7♭5
|-
| align="center" | 6
| Ionian/Major 2 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8
|A
|B
|C
|D
|E
|F
|G
|A
|A or Am
|Amaj7 or Ammaj7
|-
| align="center" | 7
| Ultralocrian/Altered Diminished 3 || 1 || 2 || 3|| 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8
|B
|C
|D
|E
|F
|G
|A
|B
|*B♭5
|**B 6♭5
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="center" | Mode
! align="center" | Name of scale
! colspan="8" align="center" | Degrees
! colspan="8" |Notes (on C Neap. Major)
!Triad Chords
!Seventh Chords
|-
| align="center" | 1
| Neapolitan Major || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8
|C
|D
|E
|F
|G
|A
|B
|C
|Cm
|Cmmaj7
|-
| align="center" | 2
| Leading Whole Tone
(or Lydian Augmented 6)
| 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8
|D
|E
|F
|G
|A
|B
|C
|D
|D+
|D+maj7 or D+6 (equivalent to D+7)
|-
| align="center" | 3
| Lydian Augmented Dominant || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8
|E
|F
|G
|A
|B
|C
|D
|E
|E+
|E+7
|-
| align="center" | 4
| Lydian Dominant ♭6 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8
|F
|G
|A
|B
|C
|D
|E
|F
|F
|F7
|-
| align="center" | 5
| Major Locrian || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8
|G
|A
|B
|C
|D
|E
|F
|G
|G♭5
|G7♭5
|-
| align="center" | 6
| Half-Diminished 4
(or Altered Dominant 2)
| 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8
|A
|B
|C
|D
|E
|F
|G
|A
|Aο or *A♭5
|Aø7 or ***A7♭5
|-
| align="center" | 7
| Altered Dominant 3 || 1 || 2 || 3|| 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8
|B
|C
|D
|E
|F
|G
|A
|B
|*B♭5
|***B7♭5
|} Notes :
While this triad consisted of 1, 4 (~3), and 5 notes, this is not really a normal triad since no use of 3rd-grade notes (in B : D or D/E). Instead, this triad more likely shaped as sus4 triad (although 4 is enharmonic to 3).
7 enharmonic to 6, so the 6th chords is available instead of 7th (thus being used here).
These chords can actually be respelled as 7alt (the 75 is one of the altered dominant chords).
See also
Neapolitan chord
Neapolitan school
Sources
Further reading
Hewitt, Michael. Musical Scales of the World'', . The Note Tree. 2013. .
External links
Heptatonic scales
Musical scales
Tritonic scales
Hemitonic scales
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6593924
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20Anyinsah
|
Joe Anyinsah
|
Joseph Greene Anyinsah (born 8 October 1984 in Bristol) is an English footballer who plays as a striker who last played for Hayes and Yeading.
Career
Bristol City and Preston North End
Anyinsah started his career at Bristol City making his debut on 7 August 2004 against Torquay United. In 2005, he spent a month on loan with Hereford United to gain first team experience, where he made his debut in a 1–0 loss against Dagenham & Redbridge on 22 January 2005 and made two more appearances before returning to Bristol City.
At the beginning of the 2005–06 season, Anyinsah opted not to sign a new contract for Bristol City – who he'd been with since the age of 9 – and instead signed for Preston North End on a three-year contract, a move he was particularly happy with on a personal level due to him having many close friends who lived in the area. At Preston, Anyinsah made just four appearances and in 2006 he had loan spell with Bury only making two appearances. After his loan spell at Bury, he spent one season at Preston, without joining a club on loan.
Carlisle United and Crewe Alexandra(loan)
In September 2007, he joined Carlisle United on a month-long loan. He made his debut in a 1–1 draw against Bristol Rovers and the next game, he scored his first senior goal whilst with the Cumbrians in a 3–1 victory at AFC Bournemouth. Two months later while on loan, he scored a brace in a 3–0 win over Swindon Town. His impressive performance led to his loan being extended to three months, but no permanent deal came of it and he returned to Preston, despite Carlisle having wanted to sign him when the transfer window opened in January.
In early March, Anyinsah signed for Crewe Alexandra on loan, until the end of the season and made his debut in a 0–0 draw against Nottingham Forest.
Brighton and Hove Albion
On 11 September 2008, Anyinsah joined League One side Brighton & Hove Albion on loan for a month. Two days later, Anyinsah made his Brighton debut in a 1–1 draw against Yeovil Town, where he received a red card after a second bookable offence. He scored Brighton's second goal in their League Cup second round match victory against Manchester City. His impressive spell at Brighton resulted in the club wanting to sign Anyinsah on a permanent deal but the move never happened as several clubs, like Swindon Town and Carlisle United, were also chasing his signature.
Carlisle United (loan and permanent)
In January 2009, Anyinsah re-joined fellow League One side Carlisle United for an undisclosed fee. However, his move was revealed by the media and manager Greg Abbott criticised people for revealing the details of the club's transfer targets. He made his second debut for Carlisle United as a 72nd-minute substitute, scoring the winning goal in a 3–2 win over Milton Keynes Dons on 17 January. He then scored his second goal for Carlisle on 14 February 2010, against his former employers at Brighton as Carlisle ran out 2–0 winners. In the build-up to a match against his former club, Anyinsah spoke out about Brighton. Later on in his second half of the season in his Carlisle career, he scored his third goal in a 2–1 away win at Crewe. His last goal of the 2008–09 season was against Scunthorpe United, on 14 March 2009.
Anyinsah began the following season in goalscoring form at Carlisle United and scored the winner in a 2–1 win over Stockport County on 18 August 2009. He then scored against Southend United and MK Dons and added further goals against Huddersfield Town, a brace against Exeter City and Leyton Orient. After a 2–2 draw against Morecambe in the first round of FA Cup, he scored a winner, to send the club through and in the second round of FA Cup against Norwich City, he set up a goal for Vincent Péricard. However coming towards the end of the season, Anyinsah suffered a groin injury and missed three months of action. In the last game of the season, he made his last appearance, coming on as a late substitute in a 2–0 win over League One champions Norwich City. Towards the end of the season, Anyinsah, along with several players, was offered a new contract. At the end of the season, Anyinsah left Carlisle, citing his desire to earn a move closer to Bristol despite settling well in Carlisle.
Charlton Athletic
Just one day before the transfer window deadline, Anyinsah, along with Paul Benson, signed for Charlton Athletic.
2010–11 season
Anyinsah made his Charlton debut on 11 September 2010, stepping off the substitutes' bench to score the winning goal in a 1–0 victory over Notts County. After the match, Anyinsah admitted he couldn't have dreamed for a better Charlton debut. On 23 October 2010, he scored against his former team Carlisle United; Charlton were 4–3 victors. He scored his third goal for Charlton in 3–0 hammering against Swindon Town. During a 5–1 win over Peterborough United, he suffered a groin injury and on 27 November 2010, he added another goal to his tally in the FA Cup against Luton Town and another in the return leg away at Luton, which Charlton won 3–1. However, later in the season, Anyinsah's time at Charlton was hampered by a series of injuries which restricted his first team opportunities and, following the arrival of Bradley Wright-Phillips and at the end of the season, Anyinsah left Charlton after revealing on his Twitter that he had not been offered a new contract.
Bristol Rovers
On 6 July 2011, Anyinsah signed for Bristol Rovers, returning to his hometown of Bristol. On his move, Anyinsah become the 12th signing under new manager Paul Buckle.
2011–12 season
In the opening game of the season, he made his debut in a 3–2 win over Wimbledon. On 24 September 2011, he scored his first goal for Bristol Rovers away at Morecambe, which won the match for Rovers 3–2. After the match, manager Buckle was pleased to see him back on track from his injury and said: "We haven't seen too much of him because of injury and, as we build, get strong and get to know each other and add to the squad we will be fine. It's still all brand new and we have to keep working hard and hopefully there will be a lot more performances like (Saturday's)." 20 days later on 14 October 2011, he scored his second goal of the season in a 5–2 rout against Rotherham United at the Memorial Stadium. On 29 October he added his to his tally with a goal in the 2–0 home win over Dagenham and Redbridge. 7 days later, he scored again in the 2–1 loss away at Accrington Stanley. On 4 December 2011, he scored his last goal of the season and set up a goal in 6–1 FA Cup rout against Totton. During his first season, the club would suffer losing form, leading to Buckle's sacking but under new manager Mark McGhee, the club would eventually survive relegation. For Anyinsah in the second half of the season, he was substituted very early in the first half in a 2–1 win over Morecambe and McGhee's action was explained when he changed formation from 4–4–2 to 4–3–3. Despite this, Anyinsah praised McGhee's impact, saying, "It's been good. He's come in and he's just shaken up the place with the way he works. He's very thorough in his methods and he's got the players playing as he wants us to."''
2012–13 season
Anyinsah featured in Bristol Rovers' first game of the 2012–13 season away at Ipswich Town, but failed to score a goal. However, his goalscoring form soon faded, resulting in him being left out of the squad or being on the substitute bench. But on 10 November 2012, Anyinsah scored his first goal, on his first start of the season in eight games, in a 3–2 win over Chesterfield. Towards the end of the season, Anyinsah would score three more goals. It was confirmed on 29 April 2013 that Anyinsah would not be offered a new deal at the Memorial and will be released at the end of the 2012–2013 season.
Wrexham
Anyinsah spent time on trial with Cheltenham Town in July 2013 however he signed for Wrexham one week into the 2013–14 season after a short spell training with the club.
Hayes and Yeading
After being released by Wrexham, Anyinsah signed for Hayes and Yeading in the Conference South. .
References
External links
Joe Anyinsah player profile at pnefc.net
Joe Anyinsah player profile at carlisleunited.co.uk
Joe Anyinsah player profile at crewealex.net
1984 births
Living people
Footballers from Bristol
English footballers
Association football wingers
Bristol City F.C. players
Hereford United F.C. players
Preston North End F.C. players
Bury F.C. players
Carlisle United F.C. players
Crewe Alexandra F.C. players
Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. players
Charlton Athletic F.C. players
Bristol Rovers F.C. players
Wrexham A.F.C. players
Hayes & Yeading United F.C. players
English Football League players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabinogion
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Mabinogion
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The Mabinogion () are the earliest British prose stories, and belong to the Matter of Britain. The stories were compiled in Middle Welsh in the 12th–13th centuries from earlier oral traditions. There are two main source manuscripts, created c. 1350–1410, as well as a few earlier fragments. The title covers a collection of eleven prose stories of widely different types, offering drama, philosophy, romance, tragedy, fantasy and humour, and created by various narrators over time. There is a classic hero quest, "Culhwch and Olwen"; a historic legend in "Lludd and Llefelys," complete with glimpses of a far off age; and other tales portray a very different King Arthur from the later popular versions. The highly sophisticated complexity of the Four Branches of the Mabinogi defies categorisation. The stories are so diverse that it has been argued that they are not even a true collection.
Scholars from the 18th century to the 1970s predominantly viewed the tales as fragmentary pre-Christian Celtic mythology, or in terms of international folklore. There are certainly components of pre-Christian Celtic mythology and folklore, but since the 1970s an understanding of the integrity of the tales has developed, with investigation of their plot structures, characterisation, and language styles. They are now seen as a sophisticated narrative tradition, both oral and written, with ancestral construction from oral storytelling, and overlay from Anglo-French influences.
The first modern publications were English translations by William Owen Pughe of several tales in journals in 1795, 1821, and 1829. However it was Lady Charlotte Guest in 1838–45 who first published the full collection, bilingually in Welsh and English. She is often assumed to be responsible for the name "Mabinogion", but this was already in standard use in the 18th century. Indeed, as early as 1632 the lexicographer John Davies quotes a sentence from Math fab Mathonwy with the notation "Mabin" in his Antiquae linguae Britannicae ... dictionarium duplex, article "Hob". The later Guest translation of 1877 in one volume has been widely influential and remains actively read today. The most recent translation is a compact version by Sioned Davies. John Bollard has published a series of volumes with his own translation, with copious photography of the sites in the stories. The tales continue to inspire new fiction, dramatic retellings, visual artwork, and research.
Etymology
The name first appears in 1795 in William Owen Pughe's translation of Pwyll in the journal Cambrian Register under the title "The Mabinogion, or Juvenile Amusements, being Ancient Welsh Romances". The name appears to have been current among Welsh scholars of the London-Welsh Societies and the regional eisteddfodau in Wales. It was inherited as the title by the first publisher of the complete collection, Lady Charlotte Guest. The form mabynnogyon occurs once at the end of the first of the Four Branches of the Mabinogi in one manuscript. It is now generally agreed that this one instance was a mediaeval scribal error which assumed 'mabinogion' was the plural of 'mabinogi', which is already a Welsh plural occurring correctly at the end of the remaining three branches.
The word mabinogi itself is something of a puzzle, although clearly derived from the Welsh mab, which means "son, boy, young person". Eric P. Hamp of the earlier school traditions in mythology, found a suggestive connection with Maponos "the Divine Son", a Gaulish deity. Mabinogi properly applies only to the Four Branches, which is a tightly organised quartet very likely by one author, where the other seven are so very diverse (see below). Each of these four tales ends with the colophon "thus ends this branch of the Mabinogi" (in various spellings), hence the name.
Translations
Lady Charlotte Guest's work was helped by the earlier research and translation work of William Owen Pughe. The first part of Charlotte Guest's translation of the Mabinogion appeared in 1838, and it was completed in seven parts in 1845. A three-volume edition followed in 1846, and a revised edition in 1877. Her version of the Mabinogion remained standard until the 1948 translation by Gwyn Jones and Thomas Jones, which has been widely praised for its combination of literal accuracy and elegant literary style. Several more, listed below, have since appeared.
Date of stories
Dates for the tales in the Mabinogion have been much debated, a range from 1050 to 1225 being proposed, with the consensus being that they are to be dated to the late 11th and 12th centuries. The stories of the Mabinogion appear in either or both of two medieval Welsh manuscripts, the White Book of Rhydderch or Llyfr Gwyn Rhydderch, written circa 1350, and the Red Book of Hergest or Llyfr Coch Hergest, written about 1382–1410, though texts or fragments of some of the tales have been preserved in earlier 13th century and later manuscripts. Scholars agree that the tales are older than the existing manuscripts, but disagree over just how much older. It is clear that the different texts included in the Mabinogion originated at different times (though regardless their importance as records of early myth, legend, folklore, culture, and language of Wales remains immense).
Thus the tale of Culhwch ac Olwen, with its primitive warlord Arthur and his court based at Celliwig, is generally accepted to precede the Arthurian romances, which themselves show the influence of Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae (1134–36) and the romances of Chrétien de Troyes. Those following R. S. Loomis would date it before 1100, and see it as providing important evidence for the development of Arthurian legend, with links to Nennius and early Welsh poetry.
By contrast, The Dream of Rhonabwy is set in the reign of the historical Madog ap Maredudd (1130–60), and must therefore either be contemporary with or postdate his reign, being perhaps early 13th C.
Much debate has been focused on the dating of the Four Branches of the Mabinogi. Ifor Williams offered a date prior to 1100, based on linguistic and historical arguments, while later Saunders Lewis set forth a number of arguments for a date between 1170 and 1190; Thomas Charles-Edwards, in a paper published in 1970, discussed the strengths and weaknesses of both viewpoints, and while critical of the arguments of both scholars, noted that the language of the stories best fits the 11th century, (specifically 1050–1120), although much more work is needed. More recently, Patrick Sims-Williams argued for a plausible range of about 1060 to 1200, which seems to be the current scholarly consensus (fitting all the previously suggested date ranges).
Stories
The collection represents the vast majority of prose found in medieval Welsh manuscripts which is not translated from other languages. Notable exceptions are the Areithiau Pros. None of the titles are contemporary with the earliest extant versions of the stories, but are on the whole modern ascriptions. The eleven tales are not adjacent in either of the main early manuscript sources, the White Book of Rhydderch (c. 1375) and the Red Book of Hergest (c. 1400), and indeed Breuddwyd Rhonabwy is absent from the White Book.
Four Branches of the Mabinogi
The Four Branches of the Mabinogi (Pedair Cainc y Mabinogi) are the most clearly mythological stories contained in the Mabinogion collection. Pryderi appears in all four, though not always as the central character.
Pwyll Pendefig Dyfed (Pwyll, Prince of Dyfed) tells of Pryderi's parents and his birth, loss and recovery.
Branwen ferch Llŷr (Branwen, daughter of Llŷr) is mostly about Branwen's marriage to the King of Ireland. Pryderi appears but does not play a major part.
Manawydan fab Llŷr (Manawydan, son of Llŷr) has Pryderi return home with Manawydan, brother of Branwen, and describes the misfortunes that follow them there.
Math fab Mathonwy (Math, son of Mathonwy) is mostly about the eponymous Math and Gwydion, who come into conflict with Pryderi.
Native tales
Also included in Lady Guest's compilation are five stories from Welsh tradition and legend:
Breuddwyd Macsen Wledig (The Dream of Macsen Wledig)
Lludd a Llefelys (Lludd and Llefelys)
Culhwch ac Olwen (Culhwch and Olwen)
Breuddwyd Rhonabwy (The Dream of Rhonabwy)
Hanes Taliesin (The Tale of Taliesin)
The tales Culhwch and Olwen and The Dream of Rhonabwy have interested scholars because they preserve older traditions of King Arthur. The subject matter and the characters described events that happened long before medieval times. After the departure of the Roman Legions, the later half of the 5th century was a difficult time in Britain. King Arthur's twelve battles and defeat of invaders and raiders are said to have culminated in the Battle of Badon.
There is no consensus about the ultimate meaning of The Dream of Rhonabwy. On one hand it derides Madoc's time, which is critically compared to the illustrious Arthurian age. However, Arthur's time is portrayed as illogical and silly, leading to suggestions that this is a satire on both contemporary times and the myth of a heroic age.
Rhonabwy is the most literary of the medieval Welsh prose tales. It may have also been the last written. A colophon at the end declares that no one is able to recite the work in full without a book, the level of detail being too much for the memory to handle. The comment suggests it was not popular with storytellers, though this was more likely due to its position as a literary tale rather than a traditional one.
The tale The Dream of Macsen Wledig is a romanticised story about the Roman emperor Magnus Maximus, called Macsen Wledig in Welsh. Born in Hispania, he became a legionary commander in Britain, assembled a Celtic army and assumed the title of Roman Emperor in 383. He was defeated in battle in 385 and beheaded at the direction of the Eastern Roman emperor.
The story of Taliesin is a later survival, not present in the Red or White Books, and is omitted from many of the more recent translations.
Romances
The tales called the Three Welsh Romances (Y Tair Rhamant) are Welsh-language versions of Arthurian tales that also appear in the work of Chrétien de Troyes. Critics have debated whether the Welsh Romances are based on Chrétien's poems or if they derive from a shared original. Though it is arguable that the surviving Romances might derive, directly or indirectly, from Chrétien, it is probable that he in turn based his tales on older, Celtic sources. The Welsh stories are not direct translations and include material not found in Chrétien's work.
Owain, neu Iarlles y Ffynnon (Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain)
Peredur fab Efrog (Peredur son of Efrawg)
Geraint ac Enid (Geraint and Enid)
Influence on later works
Kenneth Morris, himself a Welshman, pioneered the adaptation of the Mabinogion with The Fates of the Princes of Dyfed (1914) and Book of the Three Dragons (1930).
Evangeline Walton adapted the Mabinogion in the novels The Island of the Mighty (1936), The Children of Llyr (1971), The Song of Rhiannon (1972) and Prince of Annwn (1974), each one of which she based on one of the branches, although she began with the fourth and ended by telling the first. These were published together in chronological sequence as The Mabinogion Tetralogy in 2002.
Y Mabinogi is a film version, produced in 2003. It starts with live action among Welsh people in the modern world. They then 'fall into' the legend, which is shown through animated characters. It conflates some elements of the myths and omits others.
The tale of "Culhwch and Olwen" was adapted by Derek Webb in Welsh and English as a dramatic recreation for the reopening of Narberth Castle in Pembrokeshire in 2005.
Lloyd Alexander's award-winning The Chronicles of Prydain, which are fantasies for younger readers, are loosely based on Welsh legends found in the Mabinogion. Specific elements incorporated within Alexander's books include the Cauldron of the Undead, as well as adapted versions of important figures in the Mabinogion such as Prince Gwydion and Arawn, Lord of the Dead.
Alan Garner's novel The Owl Service (Collins, 1967; first US edition Henry Z. Walck, 1968) alludes to the mythical Blodeuwedd featured in the Fourth Branch of the Mabinogi. In Garner's tale three teenagers find themselves re-enacting the story. They awaken the legend by finding a set of dinner plates (a "dinner service") with an owl pattern, which gives the novel its title.
The Welsh mythology of The Mabinogion, especially the Four Branches of the Mabinogi, is important in John Cowper Powys's novels Owen Glendower (1941), and Porius (1951). Jeremy Hooker sees The Mabinogion as having "a significant presence […] through character's knowledge of its stories and identification of themselves or others with figures or incidents in the stories". Indeed, there are "almost fifty allusions to these four […] tales"' (The Four Branches of the Mabinogi) in the novel, though "some ... are fairly obscure and inconspicuous". Also in Porius Powys creates the character Sylvannus Bleheris, Henog of Dyfed, author of the Four Pre-Arthurian Branches of the Mabinogi concerned with Pryderi, as a way linking the mythological background of Porius with this aspect of the Mabinogion.
J. R. R. Tolkien's The Silmarillion was influenced by the Mabinogion. Tom Shippey The name Silmarillion is also meant to reflect the name Mabinogion.
J. R. R. Tolkien also worked on a translation of Pwyll Prince of Dyfed. His translation is held at the Bodleian Library.
See also
Medieval Welsh literature
Christopher Williams painted three paintings from the Mabinogion. Branwen (1915) can be viewed at the Glynn Vivian Art Gallery, Swansea. Blodeuwedd (1930) is at the Newport Museum and Art Gallery. The third painting in the series is Ceridwen (1910).
The Chronicles of Prydain
Mabinogion sheep problem
The Silmarillion – fictional epic by J. R. R. Tolkien which takes many of its influences from the Mabinogion.
References
Bibliography
Translations and retellings
Bollard, John K. (translator), and Anthony Griffiths (photographer). Tales of Arthur: Legend and Landscape of Wales. Gomer Press, Llandysul, 2010. . (Contains "The History of Peredur or The Fortress of Wonders", "The Tale of the Countess of the Spring", and "The History of Geraint son of Erbin", with textual notes.)
Bollard, John K. (translator), and Anthony Griffiths (photographer). Companion Tales to The Mabinogi: Legend and Landscape of Wales. Gomer Press, Llandysul, 2007. . (Contains "How Culhwch Got Olwen", "The Dream of Maxen Wledig", "The Story of Lludd and Llefelys", and "The Dream of Rhonabwy", with textual notes.)
Bollard, John K. (translator), and Anthony Griffiths (photographer). The Mabinogi: Legend and Landscape of Wales. Gomer Press, Llandysul, 2006. . (Contains the Four Branches, with textual notes.)
Davies, Sioned. The Mabinogion. Oxford World's Classics, 2007. . (Omits "Taliesin". Has extensive notes.)
Ellis, T. P., and John Lloyd. The Mabinogion: a New Translation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1929. (Omits "Taliesin"; only English translation to list manuscript variants.)
Ford, Patrick K. The Mabinogi and Other Medieval Welsh Tales. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977. . (Includes "Taliesin" but omits "The Dream of Rhonabwy", "The Dream of Macsen Wledig" and the three Arthurian romances.)
Gantz, Jeffrey. Trans. The Mabinogion. London and New York: Penguin Books, 1976. . (Omits "Taliesin".)
Guest, Lady Charlotte. The Mabinogion. Dover Publications, 1997. . (Guest omits passages which only a Victorian would find at all risqué. This particular edition omits all Guest's notes.)
Jones, Gwyn and Jones, Thomas. The Mabinogion. Golden Cockerel Press, 1948. (Omits "Taliesin".)
Everyman's Library edition, 1949; revised in 1989, 1991.
Jones, George (Ed), 1993 edition, Everyman S, .
2001 Edition, (Preface by John Updike), .
Knill, Stanley. The Mabinogion Brought To Life. Capel-y-ffin Publishing, 2013. . (Omits Taliesin. A retelling with General Explanatory Notes.) Presented as prose but comprising 10,000+ lines of hidden decasyllabic verse.
Welsh text and editions
Branwen Uerch Lyr. Ed. Derick S. Thomson. Medieval and Modern Welsh Series Vol. II. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1976.
Breuddwyd Maxen. Ed. Ifor Williams. Bangor: Jarvis & Foster, 1920.
Breudwyt Maxen Wledig. Ed. Brynley F. Roberts. Medieval and Modern Welsh Series Vol. XI. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 2005.
Breudwyt Ronabwy. Ed. Melville Richards. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1948.
Culhwch and Olwen: An Edition and Study of the Oldest Arthurian Tale. Rachel, Bromwich and D. Simon Evans. Eds. and trans. Aberystwyth: University of Wales, 1988; Second edition, 1992.
Cyfranc Lludd a Llefelys. Ed. Brynley F. Roberts. Medieval and Modern Welsh Series Vol. VII. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1975.
Historia Peredur vab Efrawc. Ed. Glenys Witchard Goetinck. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. 1976.
Llyfr Gwyn Rhydderch. Ed. J. Gwenogvryn Evans. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1973.
Math Uab Mathonwy. Ed. Ian Hughes. Aberystwyth: Prifysgol Cymru, 2000.
Owein or Chwedyl Iarlles y Ffynnawn. Ed. R.L. Thomson. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1986.
Pedeir Keinc y Mabinogi. Ed. Ifor Williams. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1951.
Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet. Ed. R. L. Thomson. Medieval and Modern Welsh Series Vol. I. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1986.
Ystorya Gereint uab Erbin. Ed. R. L. Thomson. Medieval and Modern Welsh Series Vol. X. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1997.
Ystoria Taliesin. Ed. Patrick K. Ford. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1992.
Secondary sources
Breeze, A. C. The Origins of the "Four Branches of the Mabinogi". Leominster: Gracewing Publishing, Ltd., 2009.
Charles-Edwards, T.M. "The Date of the Four Branches of the Mabinogi" Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion (1970): 263–298.
Ford, Patrick K. "Prolegomena to a Reading of the Mabinogi: 'Pwyll' and 'Manawydan.'" Studia Celtica 16/17 (1981–82): 110–125.
Ford, Patrick K. "Branwen: A Study of the Celtic Affinities," Studia Celtica 22/23 (1987/1988): 29–35.
Hamp, Eric P. "Mabinogi". Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion (1974–1975): 243–249.
Sims-Williams, Patrick. "The Submission of Irish Kings in Fact and Fiction: Henry II, Bendigeidfran, and the dating of the Four Branches of the Mabinogi", Cambridge Medieval Celtic Studies, 22 (Winter 1991): 31–61.
Sullivan, C. W. III (editor). The Mabinogi, A Books of Essays. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1996.
External links
The Guest translation can be found with all original notes and illustrations at:
Sacred Texts: The Mabinogion
The original Welsh texts can be found at:
Mabinogion (an 1887 edition at the Internet Archive; contains all the stories except the "Tale of Taliesin")
Mabinogion (Contains only the four branches reproduced, with textual variants, from Ifor Williams' edition.)
Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet
Branwen uerch Lyr
Manawydan uab Llyr
Versions without the notes, presumably mostly from the Project Gutenberg edition, can be found on numerous sites, including:
Project Gutenberg Edition of The Mabinogion (From the 1849 edition of Guest's translation)
The Arthurian Pages: The Mabinogion
Branwaedd: Mabinogion
Timeless Myths: Mabinogion
A discussion of the words Mabinogi and Mabinogion can be found at
Mabinogi and "Mabinogion"
A discussion of places mentioned
A theory on authorship can be found at
Is this Welsh princess the first British woman author?
Arthurian literature in Welsh
Medieval legends
Medieval Welsh literature
Welsh mythology
Welsh-language literature
Works of unknown authorship
Pigs in literature
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20South%20Wales%20North%20Coast
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New South Wales North Coast
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New South Wales North Coast or NSW North Coast, an interim Australian bioregion, is located in New South Wales, comprising .
Regions
In the IBRA system it has the code of (NNC), and it has nineteen sub-regions:
References
Further reading
Thackway, R and I D Cresswell (1995) An interim biogeographic regionalisation for Australia : a framework for setting priorities in the National Reserves System Cooperative Program Version 4.0 Canberra : Australian Nature Conservation Agency, Reserve Systems Unit, 1995.
Biogeography of New South Wales
Eastern Australian temperate forests
IBRA regions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla%20de%20sa%20Porrassa
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Isla de sa Porrassa
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Isla de sa Porassa is located in the bay of the village of Magaluf, Majorca, Spain.
Measuring over across at its widest point, the island is a feature at the heart of Magaluf Bay. It is above sea level. The island is uninhabited, but visited during the summer season by many holidaymakers, either swimming, on personal water craft or on pedalboat (like S & B) from Magaluf Beach.
Since 2014, British holidaymakers have unofficially dubbed the rock "Big Swillers Island" due to it being seen as a rite of passage for young party-goers to try to reach the island whilst intoxicated. However local police have advised against this due to the risk it entails.
References
External links
Isla de sa Porrassa at Map Planet
Islands of the Balearic Islands
Calvià
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56245193
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossilbrook
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Fossilbrook
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Fossilbrook is a rural locality in the Shire of Mareeba, Queensland, Australia. In the Fossilbrook had a population of 5 people.
Geography
The Tablelands railway line passes through the locality with the locality being served by Lyndbrook railway station ().
History
Fossilbrook Provisional School opened in 1908. On 1 January 1909 it became Fossilbrook State School. It closed on 1926.
In the Fossilbrook had a population of 5 people.
References
Shire of Mareeba
Localities in Queensland
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51175003
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Commission%20into%20the%20Protection%20and%20Detention%20of%20Children%20in%20the%20Northern%20Territory
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Royal Commission into the Protection and Detention of Children in the Northern Territory
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The Royal Commission into the Protection and Detention of Children in the Northern Territory is a Royal Commission established in 2016 by the Australian Government pursuant to the Royal Commissions Act 1902 to inquire into and report upon failings in the child protection and youth detention systems of the Government of the Northern Territory. The establishment of the commission followed revelations broadcast on 25 July 2016 by the ABC TV Four Corners program which showed abuse of juveniles held in the Don Dale Juvenile Detention Centre in Darwin.
Letters Patent for the Royal Commission were issued on 28 July 2016 and reissued on 1 August appointing joint Commissioners The Honourable Margaret White and Mick Gooda.
The final report for the Royal Commission was tabled to the Australian Parliament on 17 November 2017.
Background
On 25 July 2016, the ABC Four Corners investigative program aired an episode titled "Australia's Shame". The program featured youth held in the Don Dale Juvenile Detention Centre in Darwin. The following morning, Prime Minister Turnbull announced that there would be a Royal Commission into the Northern Territory juvenile detention system.
Turnbull stated on ABC Radio that the Royal Commission would be set up "as soon as possible" and the relevant parties would make moves "very quickly". He further stated that "Like all Australians, we are shocked by the report, by that evidence on Four Corners last night. We have moved swiftly to get to the bottom of it. We need to get all the facts out as quickly as we can. We need to expose the cultural problems, the administrative problems that allowed this type of mistreatment to occur." When questioned about whether or not the Northern Territory government itself should be investigated, Turnbull pressed that "the important thing is to get to the bottom of what happened at Don Dale."
On 28 July 2016, Turnbull named The Honourable Brian Ross Martin , a former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory, as commissioner to conduct the inquiry and announced the terms of reference.
Martin resigned as commissioner four days after being appointed due to community and political pressure over his appointment, saying that "rightly or wrongly, in this role I would not have the full confidence of sections of the Indigenous community which has a vital interest in this inquiry." The Attorney-General George Brandis appointed the replacement joint Commissioners The Honourable Margaret White and Mick Gooda that same day.
Brandis stated that the royal commission would examine the period since the Northern Territory Youth Justice Act came into operation in 2006 and focus on why two reports into the youth justice system — including one relating to the Don Dale Centre — were not sufficiently followed up. The two reports are the Review of the Northern Territory Youth Detention System Report of January 2015 and the Report of the Office of the Children's Commissioner of the Northern Territory about services at the Don Dale Youth Detention Centre of August 2015.
Terms of reference
On 28 July 2016, Governor-General General Sir Peter Cosgrove issued Commonwealth Letters Patent appointing Martin as commissioner and the commission's terms of reference. The commissioner was directed to examine "...failings in the child protection and youth detention systems of the Government of the Northern Territory; the effectiveness of any oversight mechanisms and safeguards to ensure the treatment of detainees was appropriate; cultural and management issues that may exist within the Northern Territory youth detention system; whether the treatment of detainees breached laws or the detainees’ human rights; and whether more should have been done by the Government of the Northern Territory to take appropriate measures to prevent the reoccurrence of inappropriate treatment."
Despite the Northern Territory having its own government, the Territory is officially administered under the Commonwealth of Australia, and the Commonwealth Letters Patent covered its jurisdiction.
The executive of the Aboriginal Medical Services Alliance Northern Territory said that Turnbull undermined the royal commission by permitting Chief Minister Adam Giles, who had ultimate responsibility for the events at the Don Dale Youth Detention Centre, to have a say in drawing up the terms of reference. Peak Aboriginal organisations, including the Northern and Central Land Councils, AMSANT, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner and legal groups, were also critical of Martin's appointment. The federal Opposition said they were not consulted in the drawing up of the terms of reference, and called for the appointment of two Indigenous co-commissioners.
As a result of the resignation of Martin on 1 August 2016, Governor-General General Sir Peter Cosgrove issued Commonwealth Letters Patent appointing White and Gooda as joint Commissioners and the Commission's terms of reference. The Commissioners have been directed to examine "...failings in the child protection and youth detention systems of the Government of the Northern Territory; the effectiveness of any oversight mechanisms and safeguards to ensure the treatment of detainees was appropriate; cultural and management issues that may exist within the Northern Territory youth detention system; whether the treatment of detainees breached laws or the detainees’ human rights; and whether more should have been done by the Government of the Northern Territory to take appropriate measures to prevent the reoccurrence of inappropriate treatment.
Procedures and methods
Powers
The powers of Royal Commissions in Australia are set out in the enabling legislation, the . Royal Commissions, appointed pursuant to the Royal Commissions Act or otherwise, have powers to issue a summons to a person to appear before the Commission at a hearing to give evidence or to produce documents specified in the summons; require witnesses to take an oath or give an affirmation; and require a person to deliver documents to the Commission at a specified place and time. A person served with a summons or a notice to produce documents must comply with that requirement, or face prosecution for an offence. The penalty for conviction upon such an offence is a fine of or six months imprisonment. A Royal Commission may authorise the Australian Federal Police to execute search warrants.
References
External links
Juvenile Detention in the Northern Territory
2016 establishments in Australia
Crime in the Northern Territory
Juvenile Detention in the Northern Territory
Penal system in the Northern Territory
Politics of the Northern Territory
Juvenile law
2017 disestablishments in Australia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oranssi%20Pazuzu
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Oranssi Pazuzu
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Oranssi Pazuzu is a Finnish psychedelic black metal band formed in 2007. The band consists of Juho "Jun-His" Vanhanen (vocals, guitar), Korjak (drums), Moit (guitar), Evil (keyboards, percussion) and Ontto (bass guitar). The band takes its name from "oranssi", the Finnish word for "orange" and Pazuzu, a wind demon from Babylonian mythology.
History
The band recorded their debut album, Muukalainen puhuu in 2008 in Korjak's family cabin. It was released via Violent Journey Records in 2009 and followed in 2010 by a split LP with Candy Cane. Their second full-length album, Kosmonument, was released in 2011 through Spinefarm. In 2013, Svart issued the follow-up, Valonielu which was produced and engineered by London-based producer Jaime Gomez Arellano. The band's album Värähtelijä was released in 2016 and received positive reviews from music outlets such as AllMusic, Pitchfork and Spin. In 2017, the band released the two-track EP Kevät / Värimyrsky.
AllMusic's James Christopher Monger described the band's music as a combination of black metal, psychedelic rock, space rock, and progressive metal.
Two members of Oranssi Pazuzu and two members of Dark Buddha Rising have formed band Atomikylä. Oranssi Pazuzu is also part of the Wastement collective.
Members
Current
Jarkko "Korjak" Salo – drums
Ville "Evil" Leppilahti – percussion, keyboards, vocals
Toni "Ontto" Hietamäki – bass guitar, vocals
Juho "Jun-His" Vanhanen – vocals, guitars
Niko "Ikon" Lehdontie – guitars
Former
Moit – guitars
Discography
Studio albums
Muukalainen puhuu (2009)
Kosmonument (2011)
Valonielu (2013)
Värähtelijä (2016)
Mestarin kynsi (2020)
EPs
Kevät / Värimyrsky (2017)
Splits
Candy Cane / Oranssi Pazuzu (2010)
Compilations
"Tasapaino", included in Rabbit Ilsn Records Compilation Vol. 1 (2010)
"Reikä Maisemassa", included in Space Rock: an Interstellar Traveler's Guide (2016)
References
External links
Musical groups established in 2007
Finnish black metal musical groups
Musical quintets
Avant-garde metal musical groups
Finnish psychedelic rock music groups
Finnish doom metal musical groups
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