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14938553
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliza%20Nathanael
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Eliza Nathanael
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Eliza Nathanael (born 27 May 1973) is an Indonesian retired badminton player who specialized in doubles events.
Career
A solid international level player throughout the 1990s, Nathanael had most of her early success in mixed doubles. She won titles at the China (1992), Hong Kong (1992), Thailand (1992), and French (1993) Opens with Aryono Miranat. They were bronze medalists at the 1993 IBF World Championships in Birmingham, England. Nathanael also won mixed doubles at the Southeast Asian Games in 1993 with Rudy Gunawan and in 1997 with Candra Wijaya.
In women's doubles Nathanael was competitive internationally with a variety of partners. She won the U.S. Open (1996), two Indonesia Opens (1996, 1997) and the Southeast Asian Games (1997) with Resiana Zelin. They were twice runners-up at the prestigious All-England Championships (1995, 1997), were quarter-finalists at the 1996 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta, and earned bronze medals together at the 1997 IBF World Championships in Glasgow, Scotland. Nathanael won women's doubles at the 1996 Asian Championships with another Indonesian teammate, Finarsih, and her third consecutive Indonesia Open title, in 1998, with Deyana Lomban.
Nathanael was a member of several Indonesian Uber Cup (women's international) teams including two which won back to back world team championships in 1994 and 1996.
Achievements
World Championships
Women's doubles
Mixed doubles
World Cup
Women's doubles
Mixed doubles
Asian Games
Women's doubles
Mixed doubles
Asian Championships
Women's doubles
Asian Cup
Mixed doubles
Southeast Asian Games
Women's doubles
Mixed doubles
World Junior Championships
The Bimantara World Junior Championships was an international invitation badminton tournament for junior players. It was held in Jakarta, Indonesia from 1987 to 1991.
Girls' doubles
IBF World Grand Prix
The World Badminton Grand Prix was sanctioned by the International Badminton Federation from 1983 to 2006.
Women's doubles
Mixed doubles
IBF Grand Prix tournament
IBF Grand Prix Finals tournament
IBF International
Women's doubles
References
External links
1973 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Surabaya
Indonesian female badminton players
Badminton players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Badminton players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic badminton players of Indonesia
Badminton players at the 1994 Asian Games
Badminton players at the 1998 Asian Games
Asian Games silver medalists for Indonesia
Asian Games bronze medalists for Indonesia
Asian Games medalists in badminton
Medalists at the 1994 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1998 Asian Games
Competitors at the 1993 Southeast Asian Games
Competitors at the 1995 Southeast Asian Games
Competitors at the 1997 Southeast Asian Games
Southeast Asian Games gold medalists for Indonesia
Southeast Asian Games silver medalists for Indonesia
Southeast Asian Games medalists in badminton
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51391392
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franjo%20Prce
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Franjo Prce
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Franjo Prce (; born 7 January 1996), is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Indian Super League club East Bengal.
Club career
Born in Čapljina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Prce started his career with the youth academy of Croatian club Hajduk Split. However, after the club's reluctance to hand him a professional contract and instead use him in the B-team, he refused to sign a contract extension proposal. On 16 August 2014, he moved to Italian club Lazio for 300,000 and signed a professional contract. He featured 27 times for the Lazio Primavera during the 2014–15 season, with his team finishing runners-up to Torino in the Supercoppa Primavera. On 13 January 2016, he was loaned out to Salernitana.
On 23 October 2016, Prce made his first team debut for Lazio, replacing Felipe Anderson in a 2–2 draw against Torino in Serie A. On 12 January 2017, he joined Brescia on a loan deal till June 2018. After being used sparingly, he was recalled from his loan deal by his parent club.
On 31 January 2018, Prce moved to Croatian club Istra 1961 again on a loan deal.
On 17 July 2018, he moved abroad and joined Cypriot club AC Omonia, on a three-year contract. On 25 August, he made his debut, and also scored a goal in a 1–0 victory over Alki Oroklini.
On 15 September 2021, East Bengal announced that Prce had joined the Indian Super League club on a one-year deal. He made his debut on 21 November against Jamshedpur FC in a 1–1 draw.
International career
Prce was included in the Croatian under-17 team for the 2013 UEFA European Under-17 Championship. He also featured for the team in the 2013 FIFA under-17 World Cup. On 18 March 2017, he was called to the Croatian under-21 team for a friendly match against Slovenia.
Statistics
References
External links
Living people
Association football defenders
Croatian expatriate footballers
Croatian expatriate sportspeople in Italy
1996 births
Croatian footballers
S.S. Lazio players
Brescia Calcio players
NK Istra 1961 players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Croatian First Football League players
Expatriate footballers in Italy
AC Omonia players
Expatriate footballers in Cyprus
Expatriate footballers in Ukraine
Croatian expatriate sportspeople in Ukraine
FC Karpaty Lviv players
NK Varaždin players
People from Čapljina
Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Indian Super League players
SC East Bengal players
Expatriate footballers in India
Croatian expatriate sportspeople in India
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1248374
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic%20Ono%20Band
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Plastic Ono Band
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The Plastic Ono Band was a conceptual art-based rock band formed by John Lennon and Yoko Ono in 1968 for their collaborative and solo projects.
The name, and its Fluxus idea of an open-ended plastic band, was first conceived of by Ono in 1967 as an idea for an art exhibition in Berlin. The Plastic Ono Band was first realized in 1968 as a multi-media machine maquette by John Lennon, also called The Plastic Ono Band. In 1968 Lennon and Ono began a personal and artistic relationship (they married in 1969) in which they decided to credit their future endeavors as the work of The Plastic Ono Band. Ono and Lennon collaborated on several art exhibitions, concerts, happenings and experimental noise music recording projects, before recording and releasing somewhat more standard rock-based albums that were still connected to the Plastic Ono Band concept.
The Plastic Ono Band featured a rotating line-up of musicians, including Eric Clapton, Klaus Voormann, Alan White, Billy Preston, Jim Keltner, Keith Moon, Delaney & Bonnie and Friends, and Lennon's former Beatles bandmates George Harrison and Ringo Starr. After Lennon and Ono moved to New York in 1971, they collaborated with Elephant's Memory under the name "Plastic Ono Elephant's Memory Band". Lennon's collaborations continued under similar names until 1974.
From 2009 to 2015 (29 years after Lennon was murdered), Ono and her son Sean Lennon led a new incarnation of the group, the Yoko Ono Plastic Ono Band.
History
Origins and formation (1968–1969)
John Lennon and Yoko Ono first met in 1966. Lennon was a world-famous member of the Beatles, and Ono was an avant-garde artist and performer. By 1968, the two established a romantic relationship and they began collaborating on a number of musical projects. They first recorded together in May 1968; these recordings would be released in November as the experimental album Unfinished Music No.1: Two Virgins. The pair also worked throughout the summer on "Revolution 9", an experimental piece that appeared on the Beatles' self-titled double album (also known as the "White Album"). In December 1968, Lennon and Ono appeared together at The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus with a supergroup named "The Dirty Mac", consisting of Eric Clapton, Keith Richards of the Rolling Stones, Mitch Mitchell of the Jimi Hendrix Experience, and violinist Ivry Gitlis. Lennon and Ono continued with their experimental releases parallel to Lennon's activities in the Beatles, releasing Unfinished Music No. 2: Life with the Lions in May 1969.
On 20 March 1969, Lennon and Ono married, and subsequently hosted their first "Bed-in for Peace" event. The event saw the new couple using press coverage of their marriage to advocate for peace. Recordings made around this time would be released as their third and final experimental album, Wedding Album. The Plastic Ono Band moniker was first used on 12 May, when Lennon and Ono participated in George Harrison's mixing session for "Jam Peace" – a jam that Harrison had recorded during a session with Apple Records artist Billy Preston. The track was subsequently titled "I Remember Jeep" and the artist credit on the EMI tape box was changed to George Harrison for inclusion on the bonus disc of his 1970 solo album All Things Must Pass.
During the couple's second bed-in, held in Montreal in late May and early June 1969, Lennon, Ono and their guests recorded the Lennon-penned song "Give Peace a Chance" and Ono's "Remember Love". These were released on 4 July as a single credited to the Plastic Ono Band. It was the first single released by Lennon outside of the Beatles, with whom he was still active. Although an independent composition and release by Lennon, his Beatles writing partner Paul McCartney was still credited, as both a contractual and personal agreement of sharing credit. There is written and photographic evidence to suggest, however, that the original Plastic Ono Band was a sound and light installation set up in the Apple press office. In the 26 July 1969 edition of Disc and Music Echo, Derek Taylor, the Beatles press officer, wrote the following article:
The band was made in perspex in Hoylake, in Cheshire (where Selwyn Lloyd and I were brought up separately) by an inventor I know called Charles Melling. It was Yoko's idea, with John, made to her specifications; four pieces – like John, Paul, George and Ringo, three taller and one shorter. Two rectangular, one cylindrical and a cube. One column holds a tape-recorder and amplifier, another a closed circuit TV set with live camera, a third a record player with amplifier, and the fourth has a miniature light show and a loud speaker. But they could hold anything, they are as adaptable as the Beatles. The perspex columns were fitted with their equipment by Apple electronics under the direction of (Magic) Alexis Mardas and here ends the first and last technological press release you will have from me.
The single was preceded by a press launch for the Plastic Ono Band on 3 July. According to Ono, the name was coined by Lennon as a result of Ono's use of plastic stands for recording. Press material outlined the "band" as a conceptual movement, not limited to a strict membership like a normal group. Lennon and Ono also stated that the audience were members, with the accompanying slogan "YOU are the Plastic Ono Band".
Toronto Rock Revival Festival and early singles (1969–1970)
The Plastic Ono Band remained dormant for most of the summer of 1969 as the Beatles worked on completing Abbey Road. On 12 September, Lennon received a call from John Brower, organizer of the Toronto Rock and Roll Revival festival (set to occur the following day), offering Lennon free attendance to the festival in order to boost its profile. Lennon offered instead to perform at the festival. Brower agreed, and Lennon quickly assembled a band. He initially approached Beatles bandmate George Harrison to play lead guitar, but Harrison turned him down. On Harrison's recommendation, Lennon recruited Eric Clapton for the role; bassist Klaus Voormann and drummer Alan White filled out the first performing line-up of the Plastic Ono Band. While organising the band, Lennon privately decided to leave the Beatles, due to longstanding tensions in the group. The band rehearsed on the plane to Toronto, and performed both rock songs sung by Lennon and experimental pieces led by Ono. A recording of the show was released in December as Live Peace in Toronto 1969, the first LP credited to the Plastic Ono Band.
On 20 September, Lennon revealed to the other Beatles that he was leaving the band, although it was not revealed publicly at the time. A few days later, the Plastic Ono Band began recording their next single. "Cold Turkey" had been initially presented by Lennon as a potential Beatles single, but this was rejected by McCartney. "Cold Turkey" and its B-side "Don't Worry Kyoko (Mummy's Only Looking for Her Hand in the Snow)" featured a Plastic Ono Band almost identical to the Toronto line-up except White was replaced by Beatles drummer Ringo Starr. The writing credit for "Cold Turkey" contained only Lennon's name, reflecting his split with McCartney and the Beatles.
Following the release of the "Cold Turkey" single, Lennon began preparations for a follow-up. On 26 November, he mixed "You Know My Name (Look Up the Number)" and "What's the New Mary Jane", for release as a single. Both songs were old Beatles recordings. "You Know My Name" dated initially from 1967, with further work by Lennon and McCartney in 1969. The B-side was a 1968 Lennon song recorded by him, Harrison and Ono, and originally intended for inclusion on the White Album. The single was put on hold by EMI, and was ultimately cancelled, possibly due to objections from the Beatles.
On 15 December, the Plastic Ono Band took part in a benefit concert for UNICEF at the Lyceum Ballroom in London, titled "Peace for Christmas". With 48 hours' notice, Lennon and Ono assembled the Toronto line-up of Clapton, Voormann and White; Clapton brought along Harrison, Billy Preston and the Delaney & Bonnie and Friends touring group, with whom they were touring at the time. In addition to Delaney and Bonnie Bramlett, the group included saxophonist Bobby Keys, drummer Jim Gordon and trumpet player Jim Price. Keith Moon of the Who also joined the performance. Lennon later referred to this line-up as "the Plastic Ono Supergroup". Following the Lyceum show, Lennon and Ono engaged in a media blitz and advertising campaign for peace, taking out billboards in major cities saying "WAR IS OVER! If You Want It – Happy Christmas from John & Yoko".
The new year saw the Plastic Ono Band reconvening to record another single. "Instant Karma!" was written and recorded on 27 January 1970, fulfilling Lennon's idea for an instant single. Lennon, Ono, George Harrison, Klaus Voormann, Alan White and Billy Preston, along with backing vocalists recruited from a nearby pub, composed the POB for the session. On Harrison's suggestion, American producer Phil Spector was hired, beginning a working relationship that extended for several years into both his and Lennon's careers. "Instant Karma!", backed with Ono's "Who Has Seen the Wind?", was released just over a week later. The single was credited to "Lennon/Ono with the Plastic Ono Band", in contrast to earlier releases, which were credited to the band alone.
Plastic Ono Band albums to "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" (1970–1971)
During the summer of 1970, Lennon and Ono undertook primal therapy under the guidance of Arthur Janov in Los Angeles. This therapy had a great effect on Lennon's writing. In the meantime, the Beatles had publicly broken up, and the pair returned to London at the end of September to begin recording on a pair of studio albums, John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band and Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band. The core of the Plastic Ono Band backing the two was Klaus Voormann on bass and Ringo Starr on drums. Phil Spector co-produced Lennon's record, and he and Billy Preston played keyboards on some tracks. George Harrison contributed sitar to Ono's album. Lennon's record consisted of straightforward, stripped down rock, while Ono's featured experimental and avant-garde music. Both albums were released on 11 December. The single "Mother" / "Why" was issued, the songs coming from John Lennon and Yoko Ono respectively. In early 1971, Lennon recorded "Power to the People" with a line-up of Billy Preston, Bobby Keys, Klaus Voormann and Alan White. Ono's B-side "Open Your Box" featured Voormann and Jim Gordon. The single was released in March, with the sides credited to "John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band" and "Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band" respectively.
In the spring and summer of 1971, Lennon and Ono recorded their respective albums Imagine and Fly. Using the same "John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band" and "Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band" artist credits, the albums featured contributions from George Harrison, Nicky Hopkins, Klaus Voormann, Alan White, Jim Keltner and Jim Gordon, and Phil Spector co-produced Imagine. On 6 June, Lennon and Ono performed with Frank Zappa and the Mothers of Invention in New York City, later dubbing the collaboration "John & Yoko/Plastic Ono Band with The Mothers of Invention".
The next use of the Plastic Ono Band name was the 1971 Christmas single "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)". Credited to "John & Yoko/The Plastic Ono Band", the recording featured drummer Jim Keltner, pianist Nicky Hopkins and guitarists Hugh McCracken, Chris Osbourne (who had played on Fly), Teddy Irwin and Stuart Scharf. The B-side, "Listen, the Snow Is Falling", featured the same musicians as "Happy Xmas", with the addition of Klaus Voormann on bass. Co-produced by Phil Spector, the single was issued on 1 December.
Move to New York: Plastic Ono Band with Elephant's Memory (1971–1973)
Lennon and Ono left the UK to settle in New York City during the fall of 1971. In Greenwich Village, the couple became more politically active and began writing protest songs. These songs became the basis for their next album, Some Time in New York City. As backing, they enlisted the help of New York band Elephant's Memory, consisting of guitarist Wayne 'Tex' Gabriel, bassist Gary Van Scyoc, saxophonist Stan Bronstein, keyboardist Adam Ippolito, keyboardist John La Boosca, and drummer Richard Frank, Jr. Phil Spector co-produced, and Jim Keltner also played on the album. The album was released on 12 June 1972, credited to "John & Yoko/Plastic Ono Band with Elephant's Memory plus Invisible Strings". Some Time in New York City included a second disc, titled Live Jam, consisting of the recordings from the 1969 Peace for Christmas concert and, with bass overdubs by Klaus Voormann, the 1971 performance with Frank Zappa.
Ono and Lennon continued to work with Elephant's Memory throughout 1972. On 30 August, as the Plastic Ono Elephant's Memory Band (which also included Jim Keltner), they performed two "One to One" benefit concerts at Madison Square Garden. The event was organised by Geraldo Rivera to raise money for children with mental challenges. By this time, La Boosca had left Elephant's Memory, and the concerts saw the addition of John Ward on bass. The shows were filmed and recorded, and released in February 1986 as the album Live in New York City. They also performed at the Jerry Lewis MDA Labor Day Telethon.
The last collaboration between the Plastic Ono Band and Elephant's Memory was Ono's double album Approximately Infinite Universe. It was recorded throughout the fall of 1972, and was released in January 1973.
Lennon's split with Ono and the Lost Weekend (1973–1974)
By the beginning of 1973, recording had begun on Ono's next album, Feeling the Space, featuring a new group of studio musicians. This incarnation of the Plastic Ono Band featured guitarist David Spinozza, keyboardist Ken Ascher, bassist Gordon Edwards, percussionists Arthur Jenkins and David Friedman, saxophonist Michael Brecker, pedal steel guitarist Sneaky Pete Kleinow, as well as regular contributor Jim Keltner. The album was released in November.
Throughout 1973, Lennon and Ono's relationship became strained. By August, the two had begun a period of separation that Lennon called "the Lost Weekend". Lennon recorded Mind Games, using the same players as on Feeling the Space, dubbed "the Plastic U.F.Ono Band". Around the time of the album's release in November, Lennon moved to Los Angeles with new lover May Pang. In October, Lennon began the recording of an album of rock 'n' roll oldies (a contractual obligation due to a lawsuit). The sessions featured many Plastic Ono Band regulars (including much of the "U.F.Ono Band", Klaus Voormann, and Phil Spector as producer), but when released in 1975 as Rock 'n' Roll, the album was credited to Lennon alone.
The sessions for Rock 'n' Roll were extremely troubled and were abandoned until a later date. In July 1974, Lennon returned to New York to record Walls and Bridges. The new "Plastic Ono Nuclear Band" featured Jim Keltner, Kenneth Ascher and Arthur Jenkins continuing from Mind Games, the returns of Klaus Voormann, Nicky Hopkins and Bobby Keys, and the addition of guitarists Jesse Ed Davis and Eddie Mottau. Recording was completed in August, and the album was released in September.
Walls and Bridges was the last release of new material by the Plastic Ono Band in the 1970s. Lennon subsequently returned to his marriage with Ono and retired from music following the birth of his son Sean in October 1975. That same month, Lennon issued the compilation Shaved Fish, his last release to be credited to the Plastic Ono Band.
Revival (2009–2015)
In 2009, Yoko Ono revived the Plastic Ono Band name with the 2009 EP Don't Stop Me!, a preview of the album Between My Head and the Sky. Both albums, and subsequent activities, are credited to the "Yoko Ono Plastic Ono Band". The core members of the new Plastic Ono Band were Sean Lennon (the son of Ono and Lennon), Cornelius (Keigo Oyamada) and Yuka Honda. From 2009, the band performed live concerts, with additional members including bassist Shimmy Hirotaka Shimizu, horn player Michael Leonhart, cellist Erik Friedlander and drummer Yuko Araki. They also performed with many guest performers, including Kim Gordon, Thurston Moore, Bette Midler, Lady Gaga, Mark Ronson, Scissor Sisters, Harper Simon, Paul Simon and Gene Ween.
In 2010, at a concert titled "We Are the Plastic Ono Band", Ono and Sean Lennon reunited with Eric Clapton, Klaus Voormann and Jim Keltner. In 2011, Ono and Lennon collaborated with the Flaming Lips on an EP entitled The Flaming Lips with Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band. The latest release from the Yoko Ono Plastic Ono Band is the 2013 album Take Me to the Land of Hell. The Yoko Ono Plastic Ono Band continued to make live appearances into 2015.
Members
Discography
Studio Albums
John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band (1970)
Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band (1970)
Imagine (1971)
Fly (1971)
Some Time in New York City (1972)
Feeling the Space (1973)
Mind Games (1973)
Walls and Bridges (1974)
Between My Head and the Sky (2009)
Take Me to the Land of Hell (2013)
Live albums
Live Peace in Toronto 1969 (1969)
EPs
Don't Stop Me! (2009)
The Flaming Lips with Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band (2011)
Compilations
Shaved Fish (1975)
Books
John & Yoko/Plastic Ono Band, Yoko Ono and John Lennon, published by Thames & Hudson Ltd, October 2020
References
External links
Official site of the Plastic Ono Band
1969 establishments in England
1974 disestablishments in England
2009 establishments in England
2015 disestablishments in England
Apple Records artists
John Lennon
Musical groups established in 1969
Musical groups disestablished in 1974
Musical groups reestablished in 2009
Musical groups disestablished in 2015
Yoko Ono
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17209532
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chugay%20District
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Chugay District
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Chugay District is one of eight districts of the province Sánchez Carrión in Peru.
References
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28332384
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/727th%20Bombardment%20Squadron
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727th Bombardment Squadron
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The 727th Bombardment Squadron is a former United States Army Air Forces unit. It was last assigned to the 451st Bombardment Group at Dow Field, Maine, where it was inactivated on 26 September 1945. The squadron was activated during World War II as one of the original squadrons of the 451st Bombardment Group. After training in the United States, it served in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations, where it participated in the strategic bombing campaign against Germany. It earned three Distinguished Unit Citations for its combat actions. After VE Day the squadron returned to the United States, where it was inactivated.
History
Organization and training in the United States
The squadron was first activated at Davis-Monthan Field, Arizona as one of the four original squadrons of the 451st Bombardment Group. Although original plans were for the squadron to be an Operational Training Unit at Davis-Monthan, instead a cadre of the 451st Group moved to Dyersburg Army Air Base, Tennessee, where the 727th and other elements of the group were filled out by personnel drawn from the 346th Bombardment Group. The squadron commander, Capt Clayton E.Evans, and a model crew joined other members of the group for advanced tactical training with the Army Air Forces School of Applied Tactics at Orlando Army Air Base, Florida. This cadre joined the remainder of the squadron at Wendover Field, Utah for training with the Consolidated B-24 Liberator. The squadron continued its training at Fairmont Army Air Field, Nebraska, starting in September. On 18 November, the air echelon of the squadron departed Fairmont for staging at Lincoln Army Air Field, Nebraska to ferry their aircraft via the Southern Ferrying Route to the Mediterranean Theater of Operations. The ground echelon left on 26 November for the port of embarkation at Camp Patrick Henry, Virginia, for transportation by ship.
Combat operations
The squadron arrived at Gioia del Colle Airfield, Italy at the beginning of January, although the air echelon remained at Telergma Airfield, Algeria until 20 January to conduct additional training. The squadron functioned primarily as a strategic bombing unit, attacking targets like oil refineries, marshalling yards, aircraft factories and airfields in Italy, Germany, France, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Greece and Albania. It earned a Distinguished Unit Citation during Big Week for an attack on a Messerschmitt aircraft factory at Regensburg, Germany on 25 February 1944. It added oak leaf clusters to this award for an attack on oil refineries and marshalling yards at Ploesti, Romania on 5 April 1944 and on Markersdorf-Haindorf Airfield near Vienna, Austria on 23 August 1944. On each of these missions the squadron was opposed by large numbers of enemy interceptor aircraft and heavy flak, but fought its way through to inflict serious damage on the targets and destroy many enemy aircraft.
When returning from the Regensburg attack, runway conditions at Gioia del Colle were so poor that the aircraft of the 451st Group were unable to land there, but spread out among a number of bases in Italy. These poor conditions continued and on 8 March the squadron moved to Manduria Airfield, Italy. The 451st Group's 725th Bombardment Squadron was also relocated there
On 6 April, the 727th moved to Castelluccio Airfield, where it joined the remainder of the group. From its new base, the squadron also flew air support and interdiction missions. It helped prepare the way for Operation Dragoon, the invasion of southern France in August 1944. The following month its bombers transported supplies to forces operating in Italy, It also supported Operation Grapeshot the final advance of Allied armies in northern Italy. The squadron's last mission was flown on 26 April 1945 against marshalling yards at Sachsenburg, Austria.
The squadron left Italy in June 1945. The air echelon ferried their planes back to the United States, while most of the ground echelon sailed on the to Newport News, Virginia. The squadron assembled later in the month at Dow Field, Maine, where it was inactivated on 26 September 1945. Unit personnel that were not discharged from the service on return to the United States were transferred to Air Transport Command units at Dow.
Lineage
Constituted as the 727th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 6 April 1943
Activated on 1 May 1943
Redesignated 727th Bombardment Squadron, Heavy on 10 May 1943
Inactivated on 26 September 1945
Assignments
451st Bombardment Group, 1 May 1943-26 Sep 1945
Stations
Davis-Monthan Field, Arizona, 1 May 1943
Dyersburg Army Air Base, Tennessee, 4 June 1943
Wendover Field, Utah, c. 19 July 1943
Fairmont Army Air Field, Nebraska, c. 11 September – 16 November 1943
Gioia del Colle Airfield, Italy, 2 January 1944
Manduria Airfield, Italy, 8 March 1944
Castelluccio Airfield, Italy, c. 6 April 1944 – 4 June 1945
Dow Field, Maine, 18 June – 16 September 1945
Aircraft
Consolidated B-24 Liberator, 1943–1945
Awards and campaigns
See also
B-24 Liberator units of the United States Army Air Forces
References
Notes
Bibliography
Bombardment squadrons of the United States Army Air Forces
World War II strategic bombing units
Military units and formations established in 1943
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43273882
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Said%20Naum
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Said Naum
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Sa'id bin Salim Na'um Basalamah () or better known as Said Naum (; ) was the first Kapitan Arab in Batavia and a Muslim philanthropist in Dutch East Indies in the 19th century. He is known for his charities and endowment of large lands to be used as school and cemetery currently located in Tanah Abang.
History
Said Na'um was a Hadhrami and lived in Palembang for sometime before later moved to Pekojan in Batavia. Said was a wealthy merchant who owned many trade ships and as a landlord in Batavia with extensive and large areas of lands. He was also a pious man, has a clean heart, loved people of piety, respect for the poor and needy and known for his very generous Waqf al-Turbah (land endowment), where he endowed hectares of his lands to be used for schools, cemeteries and mosques.
He married a girl named Zainah bint Ubayd, who gave him one only son named Muhammad who later died, and several daughters. The oldest was Syekhah, who was married to a righteous man, Sheikh Salim bin Umar Bahfen. His other daughter was Ruqayyah, who was married to Sheikh Abdullah bin Said Basalamah, and the last one was Nur, who married to Sheikh Said bin Ahmad Jawwas. All of them had children.
After moving to Batavia, he later married another woman (it was common in the era for men to have multiple wives) named Nur binti Muhammad Audhah, who gave him a daughter named Muznah who then married to Ali bin Abubakar bin Umar Shahab, a Wulayti Hadhrami from Dammun near Tarim. From Muznah's marriage with Ali, Said had some grandchildren, namely Abubakar, Muhammad, and sidah. His grandson Abubakar later became the first principal of Jamiat Kheir school.
In Batavia, Said bought a large piece of land in area of Pekojan called Tanah Tinggi (Highland). On the land he later built a mosque called Masjid Tanah Tinggi in November 1833 CE (Rajab 1249 AH). Due to his popularity among Arab Indonesians, the Government of Dutch East Indies appointed him as the first Kapitan Arab in Batavia from 1844 to 1864.
Later in his life when his physical condition and business declined, his business was handed to his son-in-law Abdullah bin Said Basalamah. In 1844, he donated land as cemetery in Tanah Abang area, Batavia. Naum was buried in his endowed cemetery near the grave of Sheikh Salim bin Abdullah bin Sumair who died in 1855 CE (1271 AH).
In the 1970s, the government of Jakarta created a controversy by relocating the cemetery to Karet. They dug the graves and remains of hundreds of corpses were moved to the new location. Some part of the land he endowed is now used as K-12 school named after his name.
See also
Jamiat Kheir
References
Arab diaspora in Indonesia
Dutch East Indies
Indonesian people of Yemeni descent
Indonesian Muslims
Sunni Sufis
Yemeni emigrants to Indonesia
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2137644
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20programming
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Quantum programming
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Quantum programming is the process of assembling sequences of instructions, called quantum programs, that are capable of running on a quantum computer. Quantum programming languages help express quantum algorithms using high-level constructs. The field is deeply rooted in the open-source philosophy and as a result most of the quantum software discussed in this article is freely available as open-source software.
Quantum instruction sets
Quantum instruction sets are used to turn higher level algorithms into physical instructions that can be executed on quantum processors. Sometimes these instructions are specific to a given hardware platform, e.g. ion traps or superconducting qubits.
cQASM
cQASM, also known as common QASM, is a hardware-agnostic QASM which guarantees the interoperability between all the quantum compilation and simulation tools. It was introduced by the QCA Lab at TUDelft.
Quil
Quil is an instruction set architecture for quantum computing that first introduced a shared quantum/classical memory model. It was introduced by Robert Smith, Michael Curtis, and William Zeng in A Practical Quantum Instruction Set Architecture. Many quantum algorithms (including quantum teleportation, quantum error correction, simulation, and optimization algorithms) require a shared memory architecture.
OpenQASM
OpenQASM is the intermediate representation introduced by IBM for use with Qiskit and the IBM Q Experience.
Blackbird
Blackbird is a quantum instruction set and intermediate representation used by Xanadu Quantum Technologies and Strawberry Fields. It is designed to represent continuous-variable quantum programs that can run on photonic quantum hardware.
Quantum software development kits
Quantum software development kits provide collections of tools to create and manipulate quantum programs. They also provide the means to simulate the quantum programs or prepare them to be run using cloud-based quantum devices.
SDKs with access to quantum processors
The following software development kits can be used to run quantum circuits on prototype quantum devices, as well as on simulators.
Ocean
An Open Source suite of tools developed by D-Wave. Written mostly in the Python programming language, it enables users to formulate problems in Ising Model and Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization formats (QUBO). Results can be obtained by submitting to an online quantum computer in Leap, D-Wave's real-time Quantum Application Environment, customer-owned machines, or classical samplers.
ProjectQ
An Open Source project developed at the Institute for Theoretical Physics at ETH, which uses the Python programming language to create and manipulate quantum circuits. Results are obtained either using a simulator, or by sending jobs to IBM quantum devices.
Qiskit
An Open Source project developed by IBM. Quantum circuits are created and manipulated using Python. Results are obtained either using simulators that run on the user's own device, simulators provided by IBM or prototype quantum devices provided by IBM. As well as the ability to create programs using basic quantum operations, higher level tools for algorithms and benchmarking are available within specialized packages. Qiskit is based on the OpenQASM standard for representing quantum circuits. It also supports pulse level control of quantum systems via QiskitPulse standard.
Forest
An Open Source project developed by Rigetti, which uses the Python programming language to create and manipulate quantum circuits. Results are obtained either using simulators or prototype quantum devices provided by Rigetti. As well as the ability to create programs using basic quantum operations, higher level algorithms are available within the Grove package. Forest is based on the Quil instruction set.
t|ket>
A quantum programming environment and optimizing compiler developed by Cambridge Quantum Computing that targets simulators and several quantum hardware back-ends, released in December 2018.
Strawberry Fields
An open-source Python library developed by Xanadu Quantum Technologies for designing, simulating, and optimizing continuous variable (CV) quantum optical circuits. Three simulators are provided - one in the Fock basis, one using the Gaussian formulation of quantum optics, and one using the TensorFlow machine learning library. Strawberry Fields is also the library for executing programs on Xanadu's quantum photonic hardware.
PennyLane
An open-source Python library developed by Xanadu Quantum Technologies for differentiable programming of quantum computers. PennyLane provides users the ability to create models using TensorFlow, NumPy, or PyTorch, and connect them with quantum computer backends available from IBMQ, Google Quantum, Rigetti, Honeywell and Alpine Quantum Technologies.
SDKs based on simulators
Public access to quantum devices is currently planned for the following SDKs, but not yet implemented.
Quantum Development Kit
A project developed by Microsoft as part of the .NET Framework. Quantum programs can be written and run within Visual Studio and VSCode.
Cirq
An Open Source project developed by Google, which uses the Python programming language to create and manipulate quantum circuits. Results are obtained using simulators that run on the user's own device.
Quantum programming languages
There are two main groups of quantum programming languages: imperative quantum programming languages and functional quantum programming languages.
Imperative languages
The most prominent representatives of the imperative languages are QCL, LanQ and Q|SI>.
QCL
Quantum Computation Language (QCL) is one of the first implemented quantum programming languages. The most important feature of QCL is the support for user-defined operators and functions. Its syntax resembles the syntax of the C programming language and its classical data types are similar to primitive data types in C. One can combine classical code and quantum code in the same program.
Quantum pseudocode
Quantum pseudocode proposed by E. Knill is the first formalized language for description of quantum algorithms. It was introduced and, moreover, was tightly connected with a model of quantum machine called Quantum Random Access Machine (QRAM).
Q#
A language developed by Microsoft to be used with the Quantum Development Kit.
Q|SI>
Q|SI> is a platform embedded in .Net language supporting quantum programming in a quantum extension of while-language. This platform includes a compiler of the quantum while-language and a chain of tools for the simulation of quantum computation, optimisation of quantum circuits, termination analysis of quantum programs, and verification of quantum programs.
Q language
Q Language is the second implemented imperative quantum programming language. Q Language was implemented as an extension of C++ programming language. It provides classes for basic quantum operations like QHadamard, QFourier, QNot, and QSwap, which are derived from the base class Qop. New operators can be defined using C++ class mechanism.
Quantum memory is represented by class Qreg.
Qreg x1; // 1-qubit quantum register with initial value 0
Qreg x2(2,0); // 2-qubit quantum register with initial value 0
The computation process is executed using a provided simulator. Noisy environments can be simulated using parameters of the simulator.
qGCL
Quantum Guarded Command Language (qGCL) was defined by P. Zuliani in his PhD thesis. It is based on Guarded Command Language created by Edsger Dijkstra.
It can be described as a language of quantum programs specification.
QMASM
Quantum Macro Assembler (QMASM) is a low-level language specific to quantum annealers such as the D-Wave.
Scaffold
Scaffold is C-like language, that compiles to QASM and OpenQASM. It is built on top of the LLVM Compiler Infrastructure to perform optimizations on Scaffold code before generating a specified instruction set.
Silq
Silq is a high-level programming language for quantum computing with a strong static type system, developed at ETH Zürich.
Functional languages
Efforts are underway to develop functional programming languages for quantum computing. Functional programming languages are well-suited for reasoning about programs. Examples include Selinger's QPL, and the Haskell-like language QML by Altenkirch and Grattage. Higher-order quantum programming languages, based on lambda calculus, have been proposed by van Tonder, Selinger and Valiron and by Arrighi and Dowek.
QFC and QPL
QFC and QPL are two closely related quantum programming languages defined by Peter Selinger. They differ only in their syntax: QFC uses a flow chart syntax, whereas QPL uses a textual syntax. These languages have classical control flow but can operate on quantum or classical data. Selinger gives a denotational semantics for these languages in a category of superoperators.
QML
QML is a Haskell-like quantum programming language by Altenkirch and Grattage. Unlike Selinger's QPL, this language takes duplication, rather than discarding, of quantum information as a primitive operation. Duplication in this context is understood to be the operation that maps to , and is not to be confused with the impossible operation of cloning; the authors claim it is akin to how sharing is modeled in classical languages. QML also introduces both classical and quantum control operators, whereas most other languages rely on classical control.
An operational semantics for QML is given in terms of quantum circuits, while a denotational semantics is presented in terms of superoperators, and these are shown to agree. Both the operational and denotational semantics have been implemented (classically) in Haskell.
LIQUi|>
LIQUi|> (pronounced liquid) is a quantum simulation extension on the F# programming language. It is currently being developed by the Quantum Architectures and Computation Group (QuArC) part of the StationQ efforts at Microsoft Research. LIQUi|> seeks to allow theorists to experiment with quantum algorithm design before physical quantum computers are available for use.
It includes a programming language, optimization and scheduling algorithms, and quantum simulators. LIQUi|> can be used to translate a quantum algorithm written in the form of a high-level program into the low-level machine instructions for a quantum device.
Quantum lambda calculi
Quantum lambda calculi are extensions of the classical lambda calculus introduced by Alonzo Church and Stephen Cole Kleene in the 1930s. The purpose of quantum lambda calculi is to extend quantum programming languages with a theory of higher-order functions.
The first attempt to define a quantum lambda calculus was made by Philip Maymin in 1996.
His lambda-q calculus is powerful enough to express any quantum computation. However, this language can efficiently solve NP-complete problems, and therefore appears to be strictly stronger than the standard quantum computational models (such as the quantum Turing machine or the quantum circuit model). Therefore, Maymin's lambda-q calculus is probably not implementable on a physical device .
In 2003, André van Tonder defined an extension of the lambda calculus suitable for proving correctness of quantum programs. He also provided an implementation in the Scheme programming language.
In 2004, Selinger and Valiron defined a strongly typed lambda calculus for quantum computation with a type system based on linear logic.
Quipper
Quipper was published in 2013. It is implemented as an embedded language, using Haskell as the host language. For this reason, quantum programs written in Quipper are written in Haskell using provided libraries. For example, the following code implements preparation of a superposition
import Quipper
spos :: Bool -> Circ Qubit
spos b = do q <- qinit b
r <- hadamard q
return r
funQ
A group of undergraduate students at Chalmers University of Technology developed a functional quantum programming language in 2021. It is inspired by the quantum typed lambda calculus by Selinger and Valiron. The underlying quantum simulator is a part of a Haskell library by the same name. The following code implements superposition in funQ
spos : !(Bit -o QBit)
spos b = H (new b)
The same example in the Haskell library would be
import FunQ
spos :: Bit -> QM QBit
spos b = hadamard =<< new b
References
Further reading
External links
Curated list of all quantum open-source software projects
Bibliography on Quantum Programming Languages (updated in May 2007)
5th International Workshop on Quantum Physics and Logic
4th International Workshop on Quantum Programming Languages
3rd International Workshop on Quantum Programming Languages
2nd International Workshop on Quantum Programming Languages
Quantum programming language in Quantiki
QMASM documentation
pyQuil documentation including Introduction to Quantum Computing
Scaffold Source
Programming language classification
Programming paradigms
Quantum computing
Quantum information science
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61608785
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway%20at%20the%201973%20World%20Aquatics%20Championships
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Norway at the 1973 World Aquatics Championships
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Norway competed at the 1973 World Aquatics Championships in Belgrade, Yugoslavia from August 31 to September 9.
Diving
References
Competition results
World Aquatics Championships
Nations at the 1973 World Aquatics Championships
1973
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11175433
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullilove
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Fullilove
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Fullilove is an English surname. Notable people with the name include:
Donald Fullilove (born 1958), American film and voice actor
Michael Fullilove, Australian think tank executive director
Mindy Thompson Fullilove (born 1950), American social psychiatrist
Robert Fullilove (born 1944), American public health researcher and civil rights activist
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken%20Monteith
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Ken Monteith
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Ken Monteith (born 26 June 1938) was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 1993. His background was in agriculture.
Monteith was born in St. Thomas, Ontario. He was elected in the 1988 federal election at the Elgin electoral district for the Progressive Conservative party. He served in the 34th Canadian Parliament but lost to Gar Knutson of the Liberal Party in the 1993 federal election when it was renamed Elgin—Norfolk.
Prior to being an MP, Monteith served in municipal roles:
Deputy Reeve of Southwold Township, Ontario - 1978-1980
Township Councillor of Southwold Township, Ontario - 1978-1980
Reeve of Southwold Township, Ontario - 1980
External links
1938 births
Living people
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
People from St. Thomas, Ontario
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada MPs
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1276399
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shardeloes
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Shardeloes
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Shardeloes is a large 18th-century country house located one mile west of Amersham in Buckinghamshire, England, UK (). A previous manor house on the site was demolished and the present building constructed between 1758 and 1766 for William Drake, Sr., the Member of Parliament for Amersham. Shardeloes is a Grade I listed building.
Design and construction
The architect and builder was Stiff Leadbetter; designs for interior decorations were provided by Robert Adam from 1761. Built in the Palladian style, of stuccoed brick, the mansion is nine bays long by seven bays deep. It was constructed with the piano nobile on the ground floor and a mezzanine above. The north facade has a large portico of Corinthian columns. The terminating windows of the piano nobile are pedimented and recessed into shallow niches, as are the end bays of the east front. The roof, typically for the palladian style, is hidden by a balustrade. The original plans of the house by Leadbetter show a design closer in appearance to Holkham Hall, with square end towers. Adam cancelled this idea, but embellished the front with the portico.
The interior of the house has fine ornamental plaster work by Joseph Rose. The entrance hall by Adam has fluted Doric pilasters and massive doorcases in the north and south walls. The dining room has stucco panels and an oval panel in the ceiling. The library was designed by James Wyatt in a classical style and has painted panels by Biagio Rebecca. Nikolaus Pevsner describes the staircase as "surprisingly small." Pevsner, for once, rather misses the point: as the house was designed, all rooms of importance, including the bedrooms, were on the principal ground floor; thus, there was no need for a grand staircase, as no grandee would ever need to ascend to the secondary floor above. Blenheim Palace is another house with a small staircase for the same reason.
The house is flanked to the west by a service block and stable yard of the same period as the mansion, complete with clock tower. The stable yard is entered through five archways; the rectangular building has projecting wings and a pitched roof.
Grounds
Humphry Repton was commissioned to lay out the grounds in the classical English landscape fashion, in the lee of the hill upon which the mansion stands. Repton dammed the River Misbourne to form a lake.
Cricket ground
The grounds house a cricket ground, which is the home ground of Amersham Cricket Club, which has played at the ground in two periods from 1856 to 1886 and from 1905 to present. The ground has been used for minor counties matches by Buckinghamshire in both the Minor Counties Championship and the Minor Counties Twenty20. Buckinghamshire also played one List A one-day match when there when they were permitted to play List A cricket, playing against first-class opposition in the form of Glamorgan in the 1972 Gillette Cup. A combined Minor Counties South team also played five List A matches there in the Benson & Hedges Cup between 1973 and 1977.
Recent history
The mansion remained the ancestral home of the Tyrwhitt-Drake family until the Second World War, when the house was requisitioned as a maternity hospital for evacuated pregnant women from London; some three thousand children were born there, including lyricist Sir Tim Rice in 1944. Following the war the house seemed destined to become one of the thousands of country houses being demolished, until a local conservation society, the Amersham Society, assisted by the Council for the Protection of Rural England fought a prolonged battle to save the house: eventually a preservation order was put on the building preventing its demolition. Although inhabited in parts, the building fell into a state of neglect through the 1960s and was eventually purchased in the early 1970s by local property developer Richard Watson. His company, Landstone Limited, completed a comprehensive renovation of the building and converted unused parts into further apartments. Shardeloes today is a complex of private flats; the principal reception rooms are preserved as common rooms for the residents.
References
External links
Further information
Houses completed in 1766
Country houses in Buckinghamshire
Amersham
Grade I listed buildings in Buckinghamshire
Palladian architecture
Cricket grounds in Buckinghamshire
Grade I listed houses
Grade II* listed parks and gardens in Buckinghamshire
Buildings by Stiff Leadbetter
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Bowman%20%28politician%29
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Don Bowman (politician)
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Donald John Bowman (25 May 1936 – 30 April 2013) was an Australian politician. He was the Labor member for Swansea in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1981 to 1988 and from 1991 to 1995.
Bowman was born in Newcastle to electrical linesman Donald Napier Bowman and his wife Annie. He attended high school at Hamilton from 1948 to 1952, and went on to achieve a Bachelor of Arts from the University of New England in 1955. After completing his national service in 1956 he was a regional high school teacher, receiving his Diploma of Education in 1966. He joined the Labor Party in 1965 and married Margaret Estelle Thomson in 1969. He was active both in the local Labor Party and in the local teachers' associations, and in 1974 was elected to Lake Macquarie City Council, where he remained until 1980.
In 1981 he was selected as the Labor candidate for the new seat of Swansea (the seat replaced Munmorah, whose member, Harry Jensen, retired). He won the seat easily and was re-elected in 1984, but in 1988 he was defeated by Lake Macquarie Mayor Ivan Welsh, running as an independent. He regained the seat in 1991 but retired in 1995. In 2013, he was diagnosed with terminal cancer and died on 30 April of that year, aged 76. He was survived by his wife Margaret and their daughters, Kelly and Zoe.
References
1936 births
2013 deaths
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
Australian schoolteachers
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of New South Wales
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43937163
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr.%20Kaplan
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Mr. Kaplan
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Mr. Kaplan is a 2014 Uruguayan comedy-drama film directed by Álvaro Brechner. It was selected as the Uruguayan entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 87th Academy Awards, but was not nominated.
Cast
Héctor Noguera as Jacobo
Néstor Guzzini as Contreras
Rolf Becker as Julius Reich
Nidia Telles as Rebeca
Nuria Fló as Lottie
Leonor Svarcas as Estrella
Gustavo Saffores as Isaac
Hugo Piccinini as Elias
Jorge Bolani as Kilgman
See also
List of submissions to the 87th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
List of Uruguayan submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
References
External links
2014 films
2014 comedy-drama films
Uruguayan films
Uruguayan comedy-drama films
Spanish-language films
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40711324
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luisella%20Boni
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Luisella Boni
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Luisella Boni (born 24 July 1935) is an Italian actress.
Born in Como, Lombardy as Luisa Angela Bozzo, Boni debuted in 1952 in Bernard Vorhaus' film Finishing School.
One of the most active actresses in Italian cinema between the early fifties and mid-sixies, she slowed her activity after her marriage to television director Daniele D'Anza in 1965. In the 1960s she was sometimes credited as Brigitte Corey.
She was also active on television and on stage.
Selected filmography
Finishing School (1953)
Cavalcade of Song (1953)
Frine, Courtesan of Orient (1953) - Touni
The Treasure of Bengal (1953) - Karma
Love in the City (1953)
A Slice of Life (1954) - (segment "Scena all'aperto")
Papà Pacifico (1954) - Maria Grazia - Luisa's friend
Orphan of the Ghetto (1954) - Viola
Eighteen Year Olds (1955) - Luisa
Land of the Pharaohs (1955) - Kyra
Nana (1955) - Estelle
Il piccolo vetraio (1955) - Gisella
La trovatella di Milano (1956) - Maria
Whom God Forgives (1957) - María
Le belle dell'aria (1957)
The Angel of the Alps (1957) - Rina
Un amore senza fine (1958)
Tabarin (1958) - Simone
Sergente d'ispezione (1958) - Viviani
Cavalier in Devil's Castle (1959) - Contessa Isabella
I mafiosi (1959) - Caterina
Attack of the Moors (1959) - Annette
Avventura in città (1959) - Wanda
Il conquistatore di Maracaibo (1961) - Altagracia
Gefährliche Reise (1961)
Samson (1961) - Janine
Fra Manisco cerca guai... (1961) - Maria
The Invincible Gladiator (1961)
The Fury Of Hercules (1962) - Daria
Sfida nella città dell'oro (1962) - Sabina Brand
Between Shanghai and St. Pauli (1962) - Diana
The Old Testament (1962) - (scenes deleted)
The Shortest Day (1963) - Una crocerossina (uncredited)
Lontano da dove (1983) - Eleonora Serpieri Altobilli
Un'età da sballo (1983)
Caterina in the Big City (2003) - Andreina, madre di Gianfilippo
Studio illegale (2013) - Moglie Carugato
References
External links
1935 births
Living people
People from Como
Italian film actresses
Italian stage actresses
Italian television actresses
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41705739
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20De%20Bruyne
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Pierre De Bruyne
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Pierre De Bruyne (born 1905, date of death unknown) was a Belgian cyclist. He competed in the sprint event at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1905 births
Year of death missing
Belgian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists of Belgium
Cyclists at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire%20Keane
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Claire Keane
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Claire Keane (born March 1, 1979) is an illustrator and visual development artist who contributed to the Disney films Enchanted, Tangled, Wreck-It Ralph and Frozen. She is the daughter of Disney animator Glen Keane and the granddaughter of cartoonist Bil Keane, creator of the comic strip, The Family Circus and Thelma Keane.
Early life
Keane grew up in California until, at the age of 16, she and her family moved to France. There she attended the American School of Paris and the Paris outpost of the Parsons School of Design. Keane then studied at the École supérieure des arts graphiques in Paris. She was encouraged to become a graphic designer. However, she realized that she preferred developing and exploring visuals and stories. Her father Glen Keane was just starting to develop the story of Tangled and told her they would soon need a visual development artist. Keane and her husband moved to Los Angeles where she worked at Disney Feature Animation for ten years designing for Tangled, Frozen and Enchanted among other films. In 2012, she left to work independently. Keane's first children's book Once Upon A Cloud came out in 2015 and her second book, Little Big Girl was published in the fall of 2016.
Career
As a conceptual artist during the production of Tangled, Keane's work spanned the visual development seen throughout the entire film, but her work was arguably most visible as the murals the character Rapunzel paints on the wall of her home. For these, Keane hand painted the mural on a wall in the art department of the Walt Disney Animation Studios. Keane also illustrated the Disney storybook, Rapunzel's Amazing Hair.
For Enchanted, Keane worked with costume designer Mona May to help realize Giselle's dresses. In 2013, Keane left Disney to focus on writing and illustrating children's books. She released her first illustrated children's book: Once Upon A Cloud, which Kirkus Reviews felt displayed her background in working for Disney. Little Big Girl has a "retro" look to the illustrations.
The Cape Cod Times wrote that Keane's illustrations are a good match for Diane Adams' text in Love Is.
Filmography
Books
References
External links
Official website
“Interview With Claire Keane” on YouTube
Claireonacloud. “Claire Keane.” Claire Keane, claireonacloud.tumblr.com/. Accessed 27 Apr. 2017.
1979 births
Living people
American illustrators
Alumni of the École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs
Daytime Emmy Award winners
Walt Disney Animation Studios people
Writers who illustrated their own writing
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52319325
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meanings%20of%20minor%20planet%20names%3A%20475001%E2%80%93476000
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Meanings of minor planet names: 475001–476000
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475001–475100
|-id=080
| 475080 Jarry || || Alfred Jarry (1873–1907), a French poet, writer and dramatist, who is best known for his play Ubu Roi. ||
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475101–475200
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| colspan=4 align=center |
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475201–475300
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475301–475400
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475401–475500
|-bgcolor=#f2f2f2
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475501–475600
|-bgcolor=#f2f2f2
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475601–475700
|-bgcolor=#f2f2f2
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475701–475800
|-bgcolor=#f2f2f2
| colspan=4 align=center |
|}
475801–475900
|-id=802
| 475802 Zurek || || David R. Zurek (born 1966) is an authority on far-ultraviolet variables in dense stellar fields. He is currently the Data Collections Manager in the Department of Astrophysics in the American Museum of Natural History. ||
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475901–476000
|-bgcolor=#f2f2f2
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References
475001-476000
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24688729
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disappearance%20of%20Amy%20Fitzpatrick
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Disappearance of Amy Fitzpatrick
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The disappearance of Amy Fitzpatrick occurred on New Year's Day 2008. At 10pm on that day, 15-year-old Irish girl Amy Fitzpatrick said goodbye to her friend Ashley Rose, with whom she had been babysitting Ashley's brother at a house in Mijas Costa in Málaga, Spain. Fitzpatrick should have arrived at her home a few minutes later, as it was only a short walk away. She never arrived home and has not been heard from or seen since that night.
Initial search
Following her disappearance, a search involving hundreds of people was launched amidst speculation this was not an abduction.
In August 2008, the home of Mahon and Fitzpatrick's lawyer in Riviera del Sol was broken into and a laptop that was used in the search for Fitzpatrick was stolen. In addition, Fitzpatrick's Nokia mobile phone was stolen. The 32-year-old lawyer, Juan José de la Fuente Teixidó, said the burglars got into his property by forcing a locked garden gate. He said: "The stolen documents included confidential police reports about Fitzpatrick's disappearance. I believe the burglary was related to Fitzpatrick's disappearance. It makes no sense that they took documents which financially are worthless, and left behind all my expensive valuables like TVs, computers and music equipment."
Ransom demand
In June 2009, Audrey Fitzpatrick received a telephone call from a man claiming he knew the location of Amy Fitzpatrick. Fitzpatrick described the caller as having an African accent asking her if she was Fitzpatrick's mother. In an article published by expatriate newspaper Euro Weekly News Audrey said:
He went on to say he knew where she was. She had been kidnapped and was in Madrid and the police were not to be involved. So I agreed, of course. He then said he'd ring me back with a name and address in two hours. Five hours later, after sitting with my phone in my hand and my heart in my mouth, I got a text to say, and I quote: 'Can you pay us 500,000 euro. Yes or no send your answer now and will send you all the info you need.' The phone number on this text is 672 564 687. I'll also give you the number he rang me on, too: 672 564 681.
Audrey Fitzpatrick commented that the Guardia Civil and her private investigators followed up on these numbers, but they were both pre-pay, and had never been registered.
Later investigations
Audrey Fitzpatrick has taken on private investigators who have been working on Fitzpatrick's case since 2008. They are the same detectives who investigated the disappearance of Madeleine McCann. In May 2012, it was reported that an Irish gangland killer, Eric "Lucky" Wilson, murdered her. Her parents believe that this particular piece of information is credible; however, a body is yet to be found. Amy was seen out with an older man on the night she disappeared who her family now believe was Wilson.
A police report from May 2011, claims three witnesses have come forward alleging they saw Amy with a mystery blonde woman in the Trafalgar Bar in Calahonda's El Zoco centre hours after her previous last reported sighting.
Amy's 23-year-old brother Dean Fitzpatrick was stabbed to death in Coolock, Dublin, in 2013 in an incident involving Dave Mahon, his mother's partner. On 6 May 2016, Dave Mahon was found not guilty of murder but guilty of the manslaughter of his stepson, Dean Fitzpatrick. He was sentenced to 7 years in prison.
See also
List of people who disappeared
References
External links
Website Dedicated to Finding Fitzpatrick
Was Amy Fitzpatrick with 'Lucky' on the night she went missing?
Say a prayer for Amy Fitzpatrick
2000s missing person cases
2008 crimes in Spain
Irish expatriates in Spain
January 2008 events in Europe
Missing Irish children
Missing person cases in Spain
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daigo%20Takahashi
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Daigo Takahashi
|
is a Japanese football player who plays for Shimizu S-Pulse.
Playing career
Takahashi was born in Kagoshima Prefecture on April 17, 1999. After graduating from high school, he joined J1 League club Shimizu S-Pulse in 2018.
In August 2019, after a year and a half in Shimizu in which Takahashi only had several times played in J. League Cup matches, he was transferred to Giravanz Kitakyushu in J3 League(promoted to J2 League in the following season) on loan, in which he became one of the key players, eventually played for 98 games, and made 26 goals in 2 years and a half.
Takahashi has been called back to Shimizu after 2021 season.
Career statistics
Last update: 14 January 2022
References
External links
1999 births
Living people
Association football people from Kagoshima Prefecture
Japanese footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
J3 League players
Shimizu S-Pulse players
Giravanz Kitakyushu players
Association football forwards
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8832601
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken%20Hunter
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Ken Hunter
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Kenneth Ronald Hunter (born 28 April 1957) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Carlton Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and for the Claremont Football Club in the Western Australian Football League (WAFL).
A member of the Australian Football Hall of Fame, Western Australian Football Hall of Fame and Carlton Hall of Fame, Hunter was a versatile and superbly skilled footballer who is best remembered for his courageous, if not reckless, aerial ability, frequently launching himself at various angles, often against bigger oncoming players, to mark the ball. When Hunter first arrived to play in the VFL, many questioned whether his style of play would stand up to the physical pressure, given his scrawny build (weighing in at only 76 kilograms). Hunter soon silenced the doubters and went on to play in three VFL premierships for the Blues.
Early career
Raised in Carlisle and recruited from Claremont, WA, where he played 99 games between 1975 and 1980, he was known for his courage, sustaining three broken jaws within two years.
Coming to Carlton in 1981, he had a near perfect induction into the VFL, with the Blues winning the premiership, and being voted club best and fairest playing mainly as a half back flanker.
Quickly becoming a fan favourite with his high leaping ability and determination, he had another stellar season in 1982, with the Blues winning back to back flags.
1983 saw Hunter showing his versatility, playing more on-ball and in the forward line and ended up leading the Carlton goalkicking for the season. He also won the Mark of the Year that season, with a mark taken running into a pack with the flight of the ball, further reflective Hunter's reputation for courageous play. In Round 11 of 1984 he kicked eight goals against Footscray and in 1988 he kicked six goals from just eight kicks against the Brisbane Bears.
In 1987, Hunter won a third premiership as a club veteran and vice-captain, playing under captain Stephen Kernahan.
Post football he was a board member for the Carlton Football Club serving under presidents John Elliott (1993–2002) and Ian Collins (2002–2006).
He is the father of former Melbourne Football Club player Cameron Hunter.
References
External links
1957 births
Living people
Australian rules footballers from Western Australia
Carlton Football Club players
Carlton Football Club Premiership players
Claremont Football Club players
Western Australian State of Origin players
John Nicholls Medal winners
All-Australians (1953–1988)
West Australian Football Hall of Fame inductees
Australian Football Hall of Fame inductees
Three-time VFL/AFL Premiership players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyzyl-%C3%9Cngk%C3%BCr
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Kyzyl-Üngkür
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Kyzyl-Üngkür () is a village in Jalal-Abad Region, Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Bazar-Korgon District. Its population was 500 in 2021. A road runs from the village southwest down the Kyzyl-Ünkür valley or more to Bazar-Korgon on the main M41 highway near the Uzbek border. From the valley, a branch road goes northwest to Arslanbob.
References
Populated places in Jalal-Abad Region
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5913757
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20slimy%20salamander
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Western slimy salamander
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The western slimy salamander, also known as the whitethroat slimy salamander or white-throated slimy salamander (Plethodon albagula) is a species of salamander. It is endemic to the United States of America and found in two disjunct populations, one from Missouri to Oklahoma, and Arkansas, and another in south-central Texas.
Description
The western slimy salamander is typically black in color with white speckling. On some specimens, the white speckling turns into large, white blotches along the sides of their bodies. They have large, bulbous eyes and long tails.
Behavior
Primarily nocturnal, it is commonly found under rocks, or other ground debris in moist, wooded areas. Eggs are laid in damp protected locations. The species has no aquatic larval stage. They are a shy species of salamander and are not normally found of areas where humans frequent. They live in areas of high humidity levels.
References
Discover Life: Plethodon albagula
AmphibiaWeb: Western Slimy Salamander
Plethodon
Salamander, Western slimy
Salamander, Western slimy
Salamander, Western slimy
Amphibians described in 1944
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49319272
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tushar%20Jain
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Tushar Jain
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Tushar Jain is an Indian poet, playwright, writer and translator. He was the winner of the Srinivas Rayaprol Poetry Prize, 2012 and won second place in the Poetry with Prakriti Prize, 2013. Subsequently, he won the RL Poetry Award, 2014. He was a winner of the DWL Short Story Contest 2014 for his short story "A humiliating day for [Dr.] Balachander" and was nominated further for the Dastaan Award, 2014. He won the Toto Funds the Arts Award for Creative Writing, 2016. His first play "Reading Kafka in Verona" was long-listed for the Hindu Metroplus Playwright Award, 2013.
His work has been published in various international journals and other forums such as Antiserious, thenervousbreakdown, rlpoetry.org, and papercuts.
He is currently working on children's popular fiction.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Indian poets
Indian male poets
Indian male dramatists and playwrights
21st-century Indian male writers
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19905183
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri%20Lanka%20Premier%20League
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Sri Lanka Premier League
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The Sri Lanka Premier League (SLPL) was a Twenty20 cricket competition in Sri Lanka. It was intended to be the premier Twenty20 league in the country, held by Sri Lanka Cricket, when it replaced the Inter-Provincial Twenty20 competition.
After the 2011 season was postponed, its first season was held in 2012. The 2013 and 2014 seasons were cancelled due to organizational problems and lack of sponsorship. The 2014 Super 4's T20 replaced the tournament.
A new competition called Lanka Premier League was later created and ran its first season in 2020.
History
Postponed 2011 tournament
In May 2011, Sri Lanka Cricket announced a new franchise-based Twenty20 tournament in the country, modelled on the Indian Premier League. The SLC signed a deal with Somerset Entertainment Ventures to organise the tournament. Seven teams were allocated, each representing a province. Somerset Entertainment Ventures have been given the rights to run the event for 15 years.
The first tournament was to be held at R. Premadasa Stadium in Colombo between 19 July and 4 August. However, the Board of Control for Cricket in India refused to let the 12 Indian players selected in the tournament participate. Furthermore, allegations of corruption and incompetence by SLC and its handing over of the organisation to a previously unheard of Singapore-based Somerset Entertainment Ventures put the tournament in serious jeopardy. The tournament was postponed to 2012, with the former Inter-Provincial Twenty20 taking its place. Sandiip Bhammer of SEV blamed the Indian players' withdrawal for causing sponsors to withdraw from the competition.
2012 tournament
In February 2012, SLC signed a renewed deal with Somerset Entertainment Ventures to hold the tournament in August 2012 at Colombo and Kandy, with the seven teams as originally planned. The BCCI has said that Indian players in the SLPL was a possibility. The SLPL's partnership with the MCC Spirit of Cricket initiative was similar to the MCC–DLF partnership in the 2008 IPL.
In June 2012, the seven provincial teams were changed to seven franchises, owned by private backers like the IPL and BPL.
The SLPL was officially launched on 16 July 2012 at Cinnamon Grand Colombo in Colombo. SLC Chairman Upali Dharmadasa announced plans to add two more franchises in the following years in other regions. Like the IPL, the SLPL would have cheerleaders and other entertainment, with the official website, mascot, theme song and logo of the SLPL also launched on 16 July.
The 2012 SLPL season was played in Colombo and Kandy from 11 to 31 August 2012. Out of the 24 matches scheduled, 23 took place and one was rained off. Every team played each other in a round-robin system. The top four ranking sides progressed to the knockout stage of semi-finals followed by a final at R. Premadasa Stadium, Colombo. Uva Next beat Nagenahira Nagas to become champions.
2013–2014
The second season was set to begin in 2013 but was cancelled after the franchises breached payment deadlines.
The 2014 season was also cancelled, with the announcement in February 2014, citing lack of meaningful sponsorship for the league.
League organisation
Franchises
Aside from Nagenahira and Uthura, each of the seven proposed provincial teams had a team playing in the previous Inter-Provincial Twenty20. North Central and Sabaragamuwa Provinces did not have teams for the first season, planning to be added in future seasons.
In 2012 SLC adopted a franchise system, with the teams coming under private ownership instead of the SLC board. At auction, the seven SLPL teams fetched an average of US$4.3 million, building on a reserve of $3 million each. The franchises were derived from the province-based teams.
SLC chairman Upali Dharmadasa announced in July 2012 the SLPL planned to expand with the addition of two more teams in 2013, with all nine Sri Lankan provinces represented in the league. The 2013 season was cancelled.
Draft and squads
Under the original 2011 system, SLC would have assigned 16-18 players to each team, with five foreign players per team, and a Sri Lankan captain. But after the 2012 franchise system was adopted, a draft was organized and a lottery held to determine the order in which players were picked. SLC determined the value of the contract for each player in advance. The players were seen as likely to be drafted in two groups – Sri Lankan players and foreign players.
Each franchise had an "icon player" and a maximum of 18 players including three under 21 players. Up to two teams in the league could nominate foreign "icon" players, and each team could field up to four foreign players per game. Out of the remaining players in the XI, one must be a Sri Lanka Under-21 international. Each squad had a minimum of seven Sri Lankan players. The 2011 captains were Sanath Jayasuriya (Ruhuna), Mahela Jayawardene (Wayamba), Kumar Sangakkara (Kandurata) and Tillakaratne Dilshan (Basnahira); for Nagenahira and Uthura, Pakistan former captain Shahid Afridi and New Zealand former skipper Daniel Vettori.
Almost all Pakistani national cricketers were invited to play in the SLPL. Salaries were lower than the IPL, with the highest at $30,000, with Shahid Afridi getting $35,000 in 2011. But in 2012 the highest salaries were $100,000 for Chris Gayle and $50,000 for Shahid Afridi.
Results and team performances
Team performances:
Marketing
Marketing of the Sri Lanka Premier League was conducted by the Somerset Entertainment Ventures who marketed the tournament with ambassadors, papare bands, theme songs, mascots and cheerleaders. The tournament will also have an opening ceremony. The Premier League was predicted to generate almost 580 million Sri Lankan rupees of annual income for the Sri Lankan economy. Sandeep Bhammer of Somerset Entertainment Ventures said a 130 million rupees would come from hotel accommodation.
The SLPL sponsors and partners included Wisden India, Marylebone Cricket Club on the Spirit of Cricket initiative, and YouTube. Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd. was the title sponsor for SLPL.
Sri Lanka Premier League unveiled a new changed logo at the relaunch of the 2012 tournament.
The SLPL mascot was Silva the lion, who was unveiled by the brand ambassadors, the Sri Lankan musicians duo Bathiya and Santhush. Bathiya and Santhush also composed the official tournament song.
Broadcasters
Carlton Sports Network broadcast all matches live in Sri Lanka. SLPL's international broadcast partners were Asian Television Network in Canada, ESPN3 in the United States, United Kingdom and the Caribbean, and ESPN and STAR Sports in Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh and Geosuper in Pakistan, as well as other countries in South and South East Asia. SLC president Upali Dharmadasa confirmed on 2 August 2012 that all SLPL matches will also be broadcast to a global audience via the SLPL's official YouTube channel, in the hope of benefiting the tournament through reaching more cricket fans around the world.
See also
Lanka Premier League
Twenty20 Tournament
Inter-Provincial Twenty20
Indian Premier League
Pakistan Super League
Bangladesh Premier League
References
External links
SLPL
Sri Lanka Premier League on YouTube
Sri Lankan domestic cricket competitions
Recurring sporting events established in 2011
Twenty20 cricket leagues
Recurring sporting events disestablished in 2012
Defunct cricket leagues
Defunct sports leagues in Sri Lanka
mr:श्रीलंका प्रीमियर लीग
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54018643
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Catholic%20churches%20in%20India
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List of Catholic churches in India
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This is a list of Catholic churches in India.
Cathedrals
See: List of cathedrals in India#Roman Catholic
Basilicas
See: List of basilicas in India
Churches
The list of churches in this article contains churches from Catholic denominations. The information below is verifiable.
Shrines
This section does not include the minor basilicas.
Infant Jesus Church, Bangalore
Our Lady of Ransom Church, Kanyakumari
St. Jude's Shrine, Jhansi
St.Philomena's Forane Church & St. Chavara Pilgrim Centre, Koonammavu, Cochin, Kerala.
Church of Our Lady of Snow, Kallikulam, Tamil Nadu
Our Lady of Lourdes Shrine, Villianur, Puducherry
Shrine of St. Antony of Padua, Kaloor Ernakulam
Church of Our Lady of Light - Chennai
Korattymuthy
Shrine of Our Lady of Health
Chapels
St. Aloysius Chapel - Kodialbail
Chapel of St. Catherine
Chapel of Our Lady of the Mount
Capela de Nossa Senhora da Saúde (Chorão Island)
Chapel of Sacra Familia (Chorão Island)
Chapel of St. Jerome (Chorão Island)
See also
List of Roman Catholic dioceses in India
Roman Catholicism in India
India
Lists of churches in India
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1769524
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial%20Japanese%20Airways
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Imperial Japanese Airways
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was the national airline of the Empire of Japan during World War II.
History
With the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War, there was a tremendous need for air transport capability by the Japanese military, which had traditionally drawn on the resources of the civilian national flag carrier, Japan Air Transport, for its charter requirements. As Japan Air Transport's capacity was limited, conflict arose between the Imperial Japanese Army and Imperial Japanese Navy over priority, and the government saw the need for the creation of a single, national monopoly. The government bought a 50 percent share of Japan Air Transport, and renamed it the Dai Nippon Kōkū in December 1938.
In the late 1930s, Dai Nippon Kōkū operated an extensive international network with a combination of foreign and domestic aircraft. The airline was linked with Manchukuo National Airways for routes in Chosen and Manchukuo, and also had routes in the Japanese occupied portions of mainland China. Internally, Dai Nippon Kōkū linked the Japanese home islands with the Kwantung Leased Territory, Korea, Taiwan, Karafuto, and Saipan and Palau in the South Seas Mandate. The airline served the west and central Pacific areas using converted military flying boats. The airline operated some longer charter flights, including flights to Iran and Italy in 1939, and had long-term plans to serve Europe through two routes, one passing through Manchuria and Central Asia and the other running from Bangkok through India and the Middle East.
After the start of the Pacific War in 1942, the airline became completely government-owned and operated as two separate units under the control of the Imperial Japanese Army and Imperial Japanese Navy respectively. By 1943, the airline flew a circular military convoy route from Taiwan through the Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand and southern China. Operations continued until the surrender of Japan in August 1945, despite heavy losses. Haneda Airport was seized by Allied forces in September, and the airline was formally disbanded in October. During the Allied occupation, surviving aircraft and equipment were confiscated, and civil aviation in Japan was banned until the formation of Japan Air Lines in 1951.
Aircraft
Douglas DC-4E
Kawanishi H6K2-L
Kawanishi H6K4-L
Kawanishi H8K2-L Seiku
Kawasaki Ki-56
Kokusai Ki-59
Mitsubishi K3M3-L
Mitsubishi MC-20
Mitsubishi MC-21
Nakajima AT-2
Nakajima/Douglas DC-2
Nakajima Ki-6
Showa/Nakajima L2D2
Tachikawa LO
Tachikawa Y-59
The airline contracted to purchase long-range Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor aircraft from Germany in 1939, but never took delivery.
Accidents and incidents
8 December 1938 Nakajima/Douglas DC-2 (J-BBOH, Fuji) crashed in the East China Sea off the Kerama Islands due to engine failure, killing 10 of 12 on board; the two survivors were rescued by steamship Miyake Maru.
17 May 1939 Lockheed 14-WG3B Super Electra (J-BCOZ, Kuma) struck a fence on takeoff from Fukuoka Airport and crashed, killing six of 11 on board.
26 August 1944 J.I.A transport piloted by Toshio Kuroiwa missing off Malay.
References
Defunct airlines of Japan
Empire of Japan
Airlines established in 1938
Airlines disestablished in 1945
1945 disestablishments in Japan
Defunct seaplane operators
Japanese companies established in 1938
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15757826
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WCJU
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WCJU
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WCJU may refer to:
WCJU (AM), a radio station (1450 AM) licensed to serve Columbia, Mississippi, United States
WSSM (FM), a radio station (104.9 FM) licensed to serve Prentiss, Mississippi, which held the call sign WCJU-FM from 2001 to 2020
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1651225
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doon%20School
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The Doon School
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The Doon School (informally Doon School or Doon) is a highly selective, all-boys boarding school in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, which was established in 1935. It was envisioned by Satish Ranjan Das, a lawyer from Kolkata, who envisioned a school modelled on the British public school while remaining conscious of Indian ambitions and desires.
The school admitted its first pupils on 10 September 1935, and formally opened on 27 October 1935, with Lord Willingdon presiding over the ceremony. The school's first headmaster was Arthur E. Foot, an English educationalist who had spent nine years as a science master at Eton College, England.
The school houses roughly 500 pupils aged 12 to 18, and admission is based on a competitive entrance examination and an interview with the headmaster. Every year boys are admitted in only two-year groups: seventh grade in January and eighth grade in April. As of May 2019, boys from 26 Indian states as well as 35 non-resident Indians and foreign nationals were studying at Doon. The school is fully residential, and boys and most teachers live on campus. In tenth grade, students take the Cambridge IGCSE examinations, and for the final two years can choose between the Indian School Certificate or International Baccalaureate. A broad range of extra-curricular activities, numbering around 80, are offered to the boys, and early masters such as R.L. Holdsworth, J.A.K. Martyn, Jack Gibson and Gurdial Singh established a strong tradition of mountaineering at school. The school occupies the former site of the Forest Research Institute and is home to diverse flora and fauna. Doon remains a boys-only school despite continued pressure from political leaders to become coeducational. Old boys of the school are known as 'Doscos'.
Doon has been consistently ranked as the best all-boys residential school in India. Although the school has often been cited as 'Eton of India' by media outlets such as the BBC, The New York Times, The Guardian, The Spectator, The Daily Telegraph, and Washington Post, it eschews the label. Doon often draws attention, and sometimes criticism, from the media for the perceived disproportionate influence of its alumni in spheres such as Indian politics, business, or culture. In the 1980s, Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi's administration was criticised, and labelled "Doon Cabinet", following the appointment of his school acquaintances to major posts. The school has educated a wide range of notable alumni, including politicians, diplomats, artists, writers and businesspeople. Among the former pupils of Doon are the late Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, his son Rahul Gandhi, artist Anish Kapoor, authors Vikram Seth, Ramchandra Guha and Amitav Ghosh, fashion designer Tarun Tahiliani, mountaineer Nandu Jayal, Olympic gold medalist Abhinav Bindra, and social and environmental activists, Bunker Roy and Lalit Pande.
History
Origins
Doon was the culmination of some considerable lobbying and efforts by Satish Ranjan Das, a lawyer from Calcutta and advocate-general of Bengal, who in 1927 became a member of the Viceroy's Executive Council of Lord Irwin. He envisioned a new kind of Indian public school that was modelled on traditional British public schools, but was "distinctively Indian in their moral and spiritual outlook and open to all castes and communities". While Jawaharlal Nehru welcomed the idea of such a school, there were many, like Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore, who were opposed to it, considering it inegalitarian. Das travelled widely in India with the goal of collecting 4 million, but at the time of his death in 1928 had raised only 1 million in cash and a further 1 million in promises. With the money, Das formed the Indian Public Schools' Society (IPSS), with the objective of founding new public schools in India that would admit students regardless of caste, creed or social status.
After Das's death in 1928, the IPSS accomplished little, and by 1934 some of the original lenders had begun to inquire about the return of their money. To solve this problem, Sir Joseph Bhore, then Railway Minister of Lord Willingdon's Council, became IPSS chairman, and along with Sir Frank Noyce and Sir Akbar Hydari as secretary, worked to obtain the former estate of the Forest Research Institute, in Dehradun, from the government on favourable terms. Lord Halifax, then President of the British Board of Education, led a selection committee that nominated Arthur E. Foot, a science teacher at Eton College, to be the first headmaster. The school admitted its first pupils on 10 September 1935, and on 27 October 1935, the Viceroy, Lord Willingdon, presided over the formal opening of the school. Seventy boys enrolled in the first term, and 110 more signed up for the second.
Early years: 1935–1970
Foot had never visited India before accepting the position of headmaster. He noted that the school appeared to be surrounded by forests and close to mountains, and the possibilities of outdoor recreation and mountaineering seem to have influenced his decision as much as the chance to create a completely new type of school in India. Foot's first action upon being offered the position was to recruit J.A.K. (John) Martyn from Harrow School as his deputy. Although Martyn had not visited India before, he took up the offer because of the opportunity it afforded him to implement the ideas of German educator Kurt Hahn at Doon; it was something he had not been able to do at Harrow. Doon's ethos and guiding principles were determined early in its life by Foot, Martyn, R.L. Holdsworth and Jack Gibson, who went on to become principal of Mayo College, and Martyn acknowledged the influence of Hahn's ideas in the development of the school's ethos. They were soon joined in their efforts by Indians such as the artist Sudhir Khastgir (the school's first art teacher, who had trained previously in Santiniketan) and Gurdial Singh, a noted mountaineer who taught at Doon for several decades. In an essay entitled The Objects of Education published in the school magazine, Foot offered a template for a complete education for boys, which included teaching them to form a habit of choosing good over evil, think logically, express their thoughts and views clearly, and maintain a healthy body. At the opening of the school, he said, "Our boys should leave The Doon School as members of an aristocracy, but it must be an aristocracy of service inspired by the ideals of unselfishness, not one of privilege, wealth or position". The annual school fees in 1935 was 1,375, and by September 1946, it had risen to 1,800. The per-capita income of India, then largely an agricultural society, in 1947 has been recorded as 252.
In 1947, there were around 300 boys studying at Doon, out of which 50-60 were Muslims, 15-20 Sikhs, 15-20 Parsees, 6-7 Christians, and the remaining two-thirds Hindu. The first cohort of students left school in 1938, and during the Second World War, about 65 Doon students served in the Army, Navy or Air Force. In 1948, Foot returned to England for "family reasons", and John Martyn became the second headmaster. After the Indian Independence, Martyn's friends suggested it would be a mistake to stay on in India, but he later wrote: "They could not have been more wrong. I have found my life much pleasanter than before...although no one had previously ever done or said anything to make me feel at all unwelcome, from now on it was often made quite explicit that I was very welcome." While Foot and Martyn were determined to model Doon on Eton and Harrow, they both agreed that Doon should cater primarily for Indian boys—and not the sons of British expatriates—in order to create a uniquely Indian public school rather than a transplanted British institution. Foot did not want Doon to be considered elitist. In a paper surveying the new school, presented to the Royal Society of Arts, London in 1947, Foot wrote: "In language we have never intended to base our instruction on the Classics in the way that Latin is still the centre pin of the English Public School. The great majority of boys take Urdu or Hindi." Martyn retired as headmaster in 1966 and became a managing trustee of Indian Cheshire Homes.
Middle years: 1970–2000
The school's first Indian headmaster was Eric Simeon, appointed in 1970. He came from a military background and laid great emphasis on disciplined living. Simeon's tenure of nine years was marked with financial difficulties for the school and the estate suffered, as the funds were not enough to maintain buildings and facilities. In 1971, Simeon introduced the 'Scholar's Blazer', an academic equivalent of the pre-existing prize 'Games Blazer', so that boys accorded academic excellence the same level of prestige as they did sporting achievements. In 1979, Gulab Ramchandani became the first alumnus to be appointed headmaster, and during his term the school regained financial stability. In 1988, Shomie Das, another alumnus and the grandson of school founder Satish Ranjan Das, became headmaster. Das's focus was on upgrading the school infrastructure, and during his time the Oberoi house was added to the original four houses. The next headmaster, John Mason, appointed in 1996, planned on making Doon more affordable to school pupils. The school did not raise its fees while Mason was in office.
Criticism of Rajiv Gandhi administration
In the 1980s, the then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, an alumnus, drew criticism from the media for appointing many old boys to his administration. His inner circle was labelled a "Doon Cabinet" or "Dosco Mafia", and Washington Post reported, "The catch phrase around Delhi these days is that the 'Doon School runs India,' but that is too simple an analysis for a complex, chaotic country with so many competing spheres of influence." Gandhi's reliance on Doon alumni for political advice later led Prime Minister Morarji Desai to remark, "If I had anything to do with this place, I'd close it down". Although any alumnus seldom held public office for some time afterwards, this changed with the political ascendance of Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia, Naveen Patnaik, and Rahul Gandhi.
Recent years: 2000–present
Kanti Bajpai was the third old boy, after Gulab Ramchandani and Shomie Das, to become headmaster, when appointed to the post in 2003. He introduced numerous punishments, notably "yellow cards" (informally known as 'YCs'), to control an outburst of bullying at Doon. In 2006, Bajpai found himself embroiled in a controversy when the parents of Hindu and Sikh students complained on discovering that the school's dining hall only serves halal meat. The fact came to light after a visiting Pakistani delegation was assured of their meal's halal status. Despite mounting pressure, the school's board of governors appealed for maintaining the status quo. As of 2016, the school was serving both halal and non-halal (jhatka) meat varieties in the dining hall. In 2009, Peter McLaughlin, an Irish academic, was chosen to lead the school, becoming the first non-Indian headmaster in almost four decades.
2010 Founder's Day celebrations and film controversy
Founder's Day is a three-four day event in the autumn term, usually October, that marks the school's founding and draws many ex-pupils from all parts of the world. The chief guest is usually a prominent person, and the events include exhibitions, productions of plays, yoga sessions, live bands, a fete and an orchestral concert given by members of the school's Music Society. Doon celebrated its 75th Founder's Day in 2010 and programmed events on an unprecedented scale. The event was christened DS-75. Among the chief guests were the then President of India Pratibha Patil, King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck of Bhutan, and Kapil Sibal, then minister of Human Resource Development). Pratibha Patil, in her address, urged the school authorities to make Doon a co-educational institution. One of the main events was a discussion, dubbed the "Chandbagh Debate", held between alumni including Vikram Seth, Kamal Nath, Manpreet Singh Badal, Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia and retired headmaster Kanti Bajpai, on the topic Can India lead?. It was moderated by television commentator Karan Thapar, an alumnus of the school.
Ashvin Kumar, an alumnus and Oscar-nominated director, made the film Dazed in Doon for the celebrations, using pupils for the cast and crew. Most of it was shot in June and July during the summer break, and those scenes which required the entire student body were filmed after the school reopened in August. It was screened on the final day of celebrations to a gathering of over 2000 people, including guests, students, parents and alumni. The day after screening, the school objected to the film and its distribution, labelling the bullying scenes "defamatory", and obtained a court order to delay its release. The DVD sales on campus were immediately halted. The dispute remains unresolved between the director and school authorities. On 22 October 2010, a commemorative postage stamp depicting the school's main building was released by the Indian Postal Service to mark the occasion of the 75th Founder's Day.
Present day
In June 2016, the school announced the appointment of Matthew Raggett, principal of the Leipzig International School's secondary department, to succeed Peter McLaughlin as headmaster. Until the start of McLaughlin's headmastership, the student demographic was dominated by boys hailing from the North Indian states. To make the school more diverse, Raggett continued McLaughlin's outreach initiative of inviting more applications from boys in South and Northeast Indian states. The school was the subject of a 2018 Channel 4 documentary series called Indian Summer School, which was based on a social experiment to see if five under-performing British boys would thrive in Doon. In January 2020, Matthew Raggett stepped down as the tenth headmaster citing personal reasons. In March 2020, the school was shut down for the first time since its founding in 1935, and boys were sent home due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the Indian lockdown. Online classes are being conducted for students through video conferencing apps. Jagpreet Singh was appointed the eleventh headmaster of Doon in April 2020; he is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference, UK.
Governance and organisation
The school is owned by the non-profit entity Indian Public Schools' Society (IPSS), which was registered by S.R. Das in 1928 with the aim of establishing public schools in India. Under the IPSS, the Board of Governors supervises all matters of Doon. The current board comprises thirteen members and is chaired by Sunil Kant Munjal, an alumnus. The president of The Doon School Old Boys' Society has a seat on the board to represent the views and interests of the alumni. At the intramural level, the School Council, comprising the headmaster, heads of department, staff and student representatives from each house, is responsible for legislating and discussing school policies. Every house holds a vote to send four student representatives to the council. Each house is run by a housemaster or a housemistress, along with a house captain and a team of prefects. The housemistress is assisted by a matron known as "The Dame", who provides pastoral care for pupils, some of whom take several weeks to adjust fully to life in a boarding school, particularly given Doon's monastic lifestyle and strict routine. The homes of housemasters and housemistresses are adjacent or physically attached to their houses to enable close supervision and support. One senior boy serves as school captain, chosen by teachers and students at the start of the year by voting in a secret ballot.
Houses
Doon follows the house system; there are five main houses (Hyderabad, Jaipur, Kashmir, Tata and Oberoi) and two 'holding houses' (Foot and Martyn, named after former headmasters), for boys in their first year. The original four houses (Oberoi was added in 1991) were named after the largest initial donors: Hyderabad House was named after Akbar Hydari, who secured a contribution from Nizam of Hyderabad's government; Kashmir, after Maharajah Hari Singh, then ruler of Jammu and Kashmir; Tata, after the Tata Trusts; and Jaipur, after Rai Bahadur Amarnath Atal arranged for contributions from the Durbar of Jaipur. Boys are assigned to houses at the time of admission and develop great loyalty to them, since all intramural sports involve fierce competition between houses. Those who have a family history with a particular house are assigned to the same house. All houses have rooms, dormitories, kitchen, library, study rooms, and a Common Room for recreation.
Admission, fees and financial aid
The school receives about 540 applications every year and admits 80 students in seventh grade and 14 in eighth grade, although these numbers have varied over time. Once admission is secured, after passing the entrance examination and interview, a student may apply for around 30 scholarships or bursaries. Some are reserved for boys proficient in sports or arts, and others for those from particular regions or the children of armed forces personnel. As of April 2020, the annual school fees for Indian students was 1,025,000, and 1,281,000 for foreign nationals or non-resident Indians. The monetary value of financial aid ranges from fifty per cent of the tuition fee to being fully funded. Amidst criticism from parents over rising fees, the last headmaster, Matthew Raggett, has stated that over 25% of Doon's students receive needs-based bursaries, and the school is working towards a completely needs-blind admission policy.
Campus
The school is spread across a single campus covering approximately flanked by Chakrata Road and Mall Road in the Dehradun Cantonment area of Dehradun city, Uttarakhand, India. To house the school, the IPSS acquired the Chandbagh Estate in Dehradun from the Uttar Pradesh Public Works Department on a 100-year lease of one rupee per year. This lease continues to date, having been since transferred to the Indian Armed Forces overseeing the Dehradun Cantonment. Part of the estate was once a deer park. The IPSS also acquired an adjoining estate, now known as Skinner's Field, from the descendants of James Skinner. The buildings on campus include the Main Building, which houses offices and classrooms, structures for sports facilities, science blocks, music school, library, arts and media centre, auditorium, amphitheatre, dining hall, wellness centre, recycling and waste-treatment plants, and masters' residences.
Architecture
The construction of the Main Building, then in FRI, was carried out by Imperial Public Works Department, and finished in 1911. Its Renaissance-style architecture was inspired by Basilica Palladiana in Vicenza, Italy. Many buildings on the campus have been designed by notable Indian architects or firms. The library was designed by Romi Khosla, the Biology block by Ram Sharma, teachers' residences by Anagram Architects, and the new Arts and Media Centre, which was inaugurated in October 2010 and shortlisted for the 2010 World Architecture News Education Award, by alumnus Sandeep Khosla The Arts and Media Centre houses painting, ceramic, sculpture, and textile studios, along with a lecture hall, film and photography studio, publications' room and exhibition galleries. In 2016, the school's Main Building received the "Honourable Mention" under the UNESCO Asia-Pacific Awards for Cultural Heritage Conservation, following the conservation work carried out by Aishwarya Tipnis Architects on the more than a century-old building.
Natural environment
The school estate, known as Chandbagh (Urdu for "garden of the moon"), lies in the green zone of the city and occupies the former site of the Imperial Forest Research Institute, now Forest Research Institute. Before the school's opening, the site had been the centre of forestry in India for three decades, and, today, a wide variety of flora and fauna are found on campus, including many rare trees that date back to the days of the FRI. The school has over 150 species of trees on its campus, and the formal gardens attract a variety of birds. The school is listed as a hotspot on the eBird database of Cornell Lab of Ornithology, and 130 bird species had been identified on the campus as of June 2021. In the 1940-50s, ornithologist Salim Ali, who was a friend of Foot, Gibson and Martyn, was a regular visitor to the school; he sensitized generations of pupils to the natural diversity of the school campus, and introduced them to many aspects of ornithology. In 1996, a book titled Trees of Chandbagh was released which provided a comprehensive account of vegetation found on Doon's campus. Along similar lines, the illustrated book Birds of Chandbagh: A Guide To Birding at The Doon School was released in 2019, featuring photographs, illustrations and QR codes documenting the bird calls of the species found on campus. The school has devised an Architectural and Projects Committee, which ensures that any construction taking place on campus is done without disturbing the ecological balance of the wooded school grounds.
Curriculum
The school practices a five-and-a-half-day week consisting of 40 periods (or "schools"), each of 40 minutes. The school day begins with boys having chhota haazri before doing calisthenics outdoors on the playing fields, which is then followed by classes. On Sundays, boys are free to pursue any activity or sport. Senior boys may go into the town for leisure on designated Sundays, after taking permission from the housemaster of their respective houses. The student-teacher ratio at the school is 10:1. Doon pupils take the International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) exams in tenth grade, which replaced Indian Certificate of Secondary Education in 2017, and are thereafter offered two strands for the final two years: International Baccalaureate (IB) or Indian School Certificate (ISC).
The academic year has three terms: spring, summer and autumn. The autumn term runs from August to the year-end final examinations in November, after which the boys are promoted to the new class in February. Each term has a "test week" and end-of-term examinations known as "trials". Boys are able to visit teachers, most of whom live on campus, for further academic help. Additionally, each boy is assigned a 'Tutor' – a School Master affiliated with their boarding house – who is responsible for their pastoral welfare and may coordinate academic help when requested. Subjects on offer include geography, political science, history, economics, accountancy, commerce, environmental studies, art and design, psychology, music, English, Hindi, Sanskrit and STEM subjects. Doon's foreign language offerings include French, German and Spanish. The school's Careers Information, Education and Guidance Department has offered pupils guidance on career paths, college applications, entrance exams and standardized tests like the SAT and ACT. In recent years, boys have increasingly chosen foreign universities over Indian colleges, sometimes due to the hyper-competitiveness of the Indian higher education system that calls for extremely high school-leaving scores for admissions.
Traditions
The early headmasters and teachers at Doon came from traditional British public schools, and the jargon introduced by them is still in use. For example, the weekly masters' meeting, started by Foot, is called Chambers, a term taken from Eton, and evening "prep" (the boarding-school equivalent of homework) is called toye-time, a term taken from Winchester College. The school songs were deliberately chosen to include both Urdu poetry and Hindu bhajans as a way of emphasising Doon's secular ethos; similarly, the school prayers include a mix of Anglican hymns and Indian poetry representing different geo-linguistic regions of the country. Attendance at the morning assembly is required of all pupils and teachers. It traditionally begins with a song from the school's song book, which contains poetry, hymns and bhajans, including Jana Gana Mana by Rabindranath Tagore, Chisti Ne Jis Zamin Mein by Muhammad Iqbal, Anand Loke by Rabindranath Tagore, Lab Pe Aati Hai Dua by Muhammad Iqbal, Ghungat Ke Pat Khol Re (attributed to Meerabai), Vande Mataram (from a poem by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay). Although Jana Gana Mana is India's national anthem, it is traditionally referred to as "Song No. 1" at Doon since it was adopted as the school song in 1935, fifteen years before it became India's national anthem. Social work, known formally as "Socially Useful Productive Work" (SUPW), is also part of school life. All boys of the school must complete a mandatory quota of social service hours every term, which is also required by both curricula offered at the school (the International Baccalaureate referring to this as Creativity, Activity and Service or 'CAS'). Though, previously, students that didn't complete their hours of work were required to stay back at school over the holidays for a brief period, this has been relaxed in recent years. Doon also oversees a Panchayat Ghar (or 'village house') teaching impoverished children, and many building projects and workshops for the local community. Pupils and alumni have frequently helped local villages of organised efforts across India to assist people affected by natural disasters. During the 1991 Uttarkashi earthquake, the school's amateur radio club was used by the government for communication purposes.
Extracurricular activities
Sports
Sports are compulsory for pupils. The school has over of playing fields, the largest of which are Skinner's Field and the Main Field. Cricket and hockey dominate the sports calendar in spring term, while football, athletics and boxing are played in autumn term. Other sports such as tennis, table tennis, badminton, squash, basketball, swimming and gymnastics are played all-year round. Inter-house matches are played in cricket, hockey, football, boxing and basketball. Sports facilities include a 25-metre swimming pool, a boxing ring and a multi-purpose hall with a gymnasium, yoga studio, and facilities for indoor badminton, basketball and table tennis. There are two artificial turf cricket pitches, five basketball courts, four tennis courts, four squash courts, eight cricket nets, seven fields for hockey and football (which can be converted to four cricket pitches to accommodate seasonal sports), a modern cricket pavilion and two 400-metre athletics tracks. In 2014, the school inaugurated a shooting range on campus. Golf is offered to boys in partnership with local golf courses. Doon hosts the annual Afzal Khan Memorial Basketball Tournament, an inter-school tournament that draws all major school basketball teams of India. Boys visit other schools and academies from time to time to take part in various tournaments. For skill improvement, the school often invites professional sports bodies to hold training camps, which are usually open to students from across India. In 2013, a football coaching camp was held in association with Barça Academy, the official training school of FC Barcelona, and in January 2015, coaches from the Marylebone Cricket Club held a week-long cricket training camp on the school grounds.
Clubs and societies
Extracurricular activities are also a compulsory element of school life. There are around 70-80 clubs and societies, including astronomy, business, The Doon School Model United Nations, quiz, photography and film, aeromodelling, robotics, paper recycling, weather reporting, pottery, carpentry, amateur radio (school call sign: VU2CHC) and birdwatching, among others. In many societies pupils come together to discuss a particular topic, presided over by a schoolmaster and often including a guest speaker. The school has often invited prominent figures to give speeches and talks to the students; these have included heads of state, politicians, ornithologists, naturalists, artists, writers, economists, diplomats and industrialists.
Boys can write for, or join the editorial board of, a number of school magazines that are published in English or Hindi. The Doon School Weekly, established in 1936, is the oldest publication and the official school newspaper. Distributed every Saturday morning, and edited by pupils, it chronicles school activities and is a platform for creative, political or humorous writing. The publication aims to represent the views of the school community as well as Old Boys, and include satire and criticism of school policies. More subversive publications, critical of teachers and the school establishment, have occasionally been produced without official sponsorship. Other magazines include The Yearbook, a heavily illustrated publication for recording all highlights of the school year, and The Doon School Information Review for cultural criticism. Specialist publications by academic departments include Vibgyor (Art), Echo (Science), The Econocrat (Economics), Infinity (Mathematics), Grand Slam (Sports) and The Circle (History and Political Science).
Mountaineering
Halfway through each term, the boys go on a one-week "midterm", an expedition through the Siwalik Hills or Himalayas. Senior boys make treks of up to five days, unaccompanied by teachers, camping out in tents and cooking their own food. The trips are planned by students themselves. Alumni have recalled these midterms as formative and character-building experiences. Doon has been credited with pioneering mountaineering in India, due to the accomplishments of masters such as R.L. Holdsworth, Jack Gibson and Gurdial Singh, and alumni like Nandu Jayal, who later became the founder principal of Himalayan Mountaineering Institute. Notable climbs by staff and alumni include Bandarpunch (6,316 m) in 1950, Kala Nag (6,387 m) in 1956, Trisul (7,120 m) in 1951, Kamet (7,756 m) in 1955, Abi Gamin (7,355 m) in 1953 and 1955, Mrigthuni (6,855 m) in 1958 and Jaonli (6,632 metres) in 1964. Some of these expeditions have been noted for their idiosyncrasies. After Gurdial Singh led a successful climb of Trisul, he performed a headstand asana on the summit as a tribute to the Hindu god Shiva, who is said to abide there. Holdsworth smoked a pipe on reaching the summit of Kamet (7,756 m), during its first ascent in 1931. Two Doon pupils climbed the Matterhorn in 1951 wearing cricket boots.
Theatre and music
An amphitheatre known as the Rose Bowl was built largely by pupils and masters in two years during the 1930s and underwent a major structural change in 2009. It can seat up to 2,000 people and has been the setting for numerous plays as well as musical performances and speeches during school ceremonies such as Founder's Day. The Multi-Purpose Hall is a more modern indoor theatre that can accommodate approximately 2,000 people. Plays are regularly staged in English and Hindi, with 8–9 productions each year including 2 major productions, which usually have a larger cast and budget, as part of the Founder's Day celebrations. The Inter House Once-Act Play competition is held each year, alternatively in English and Hindi. The stage design, sound design, stage lighting, and much of the set construction are the responsibility of the pupils.
In 2001, a new music school was built beside the Rose Bowl. It houses a music library, a concert hall and several practice and teaching rooms where students learn various western and Indian instruments. Pupils of the school have an option to appear for the Trinity Guildhall music examinations, conducted by Trinity College London, in piano, violin, drums and classical guitar. In 2002, the school choir raised 2 million for victims of the 2001 Gujarat earthquake by organising a charity concert with the title Concerto 2000, in which drummer Sivamani also took part. To commemorate its 75th Founder's Day in 2010, the school launched a music album, called Spirit of Doon in collaboration with EMI. The tracks were written by the lyricist Gulzar and were sung by the school choir, Sonu Nigam, Shayan Italia and Bhajan Sopori.
Affiliations and partnerships
From its foundation in 1937 until the early 1980s, Welham Boys' School was a feeder school for Doon School and Mayo College. This ended when Surendra Kandhari, an old boy and former housemaster at Doon, became principal of Welham and transformed it into a high school. Families who send their sons to Doon often send their daughters to Welham Girls' School, and many Doon alumni have married alumnae of Welham. The two schools hold an annual "dance social", and their alumni sometimes collaborate in organising events. Pakistani ex-pupils from Doon established the Chand Bagh School 40 km north of Lahore, Pakistan, in 1998, modelling it on the general structure of Doon.
Doon also has exchange programmes with a number of overseas schools, such as Eton College, Harrow School, St. Albans School, Washington DC, Millfield, Schule Schloss Salem, The Armidale School, Bridge House School, Deerfield Academy, King's Academy, Stowe School, Scotch College, Melbourne, The Hutchins School and St. Mark's School (Texas). In 2011 Doon twinned with The Thomas Hardye School, Dorchester, England, through a cultural exchange project organised by the BBC and British Council in light of the 2012 Summer Olympics held in the UK. The Doon School is a member of the following organisations: G20 Schools, Round Square, Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference, International Boys' Schools Coalition, Indian Public Schools' Conference, Rashtriya Life Saving Society, and International Award Association. The school is the regional test centre for University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations and SAT Tests.
Schools with similar names
As private schools became more widespread in India, several other schools used "Doon" as part of their names, causing some confusion. Among them are Doon Global School, Doon Presidency School, Doon International School, Doon Preparatory School, Doon Cambridge School, Doon Girls School, Doon Public School (in West Delhi, not the Doon Valley) and the Doon College of Spoken English. None of them are related to The Doon School. Former Headmaster Peter McLaughlin had, during his tenure, sought to copyright the school's name and initiate legal proceedings against institutions falsely presenting themselves as connected to the school, but was unsuccessful.
Public image
Doon in films & television
The film Dazed in Doon, which was commissioned by the school on the occasion of its 75th anniversary and produced by old boy Ashvin Kumar, was banned by the school authorities because it "doesn't give the school a good name". The dispute remains unresolved.
In September 2010, BBC Sport made a documentary on the Doon School for the World Olympic Dreams Project. The purpose of the documentary, produced in association with the British Council, was to show where Abhinav Bindra, the first Indian individual Olympic gold medallist, spent his formative years.
In 2017, Channel 4 of UK commissioned a 3-part documentary, Indian Summer School, where five working-class boys from the UK were given a chance to study at Doon for a term to see if they would benefit from the experience. The filming began in August 2017, and the programmes were broadcast in March–April 2018.
The 2022 Bollywood sports drama Jersey was filmed at the school, and features its buildings, cricket grounds and pavilion.
Doon in literature
In Satyajit Ray's novel The Emperor's Ring: The Further Adventures of Feluda, the character Mahabir attended Doon, and was a member of the "first eleven" school cricket team.
Vikram Seth used his own experiences of being bullied at Doon to model the character of Tapan in A Suitable Boy.
In Salman Rushdie's short-story anthology East, West, the protagonists Zulu and Chekhov are Doscos.
In Tenzing Norgay's autobiography Man of Everest, he refers to Bandarpunch as "The Doon School mountain" as the mountain was frequented by two Doon School teachers, Jack Gibson and John Martyn.
In Ruskin Bond's novella Strangers in the Night (2000), character Jai Shankar is from Doon.
Penguin's The Great Speeches of Modern India (2011) included Vikram Seth's 1992 Founder's Day address, which being confessional surprised the school community, and Mani Shankar Aiyar's 2007 speech, which was noted for its wit and humour.
In Aatish Taseer's 2015 novel The Way Things Were, the character named I.P., an English teacher, attended Doon.
Doon in research
Doon School Chronicles is the first of five ethnographic films, called The Doon School Quintet, made by David MacDougall between 1997 and 2000 about the culture of the school. MacDougall has written of a tendency of some alumni to idealise a Golden Age set in the first decade of the school's life, which sometimes makes them resistant to change.
Constructing Post-Colonial India: National Character and the Doon School by Sanjay Srivastva is a detailed sociological study of the school's culture and how it has influenced India's national character.
Poor' Children in 'Rich' Schools, a 2005 report by the Institute of Social Studies Trust, discusses why the Doon School has no reservations (quotas for specific social groups) in its admissions process. The post quotes an unnamed student who explains, "passing the Doon School entrance exam means that you have proved yourself worthy of the school. Reserving seats for students seems to imply that the school must prove itself worthy of you."
In 1969, Asian Survey (then Asian Review) - an Asian studies academic journal of University of California, Berkeley - produced a report on The Doon School as a part of their project which documented Indian history after the entry of East India Company.
In Indian Tales of the Raj, Zareer Masani studies how Doon School's alumni affected the Indian political scene in the '60s.
Doon in media
In 2009, Pakistani-American terrorist and Lashkar-e-Taiba operative David Coleman Headley was arrested by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation for allegedly planning attacks on The Doon School, among other educational institutions in India. Questioning of Headley revealed that the Lashkar-e-Taiba had planned to either kidnap or take hostage students from prominent families. The revelations resulted in heavy media coverage of the school and enhanced security measures, including armed personnel of the Uttarakhand Police being deployed to guard the school's perimeter for several months. Since then, the school has invested heavily in security measures, including a Local Guard Force and barbed wire along its walls.
The school regularly features in news media coverage, with its Headmaster being a frequent guest on several news talk shows, usually hosted by Old Boys.
Notable people
Alumni
Pupils are known as "Doscos", a contraction of "Doon" and "school". The vast majority of alumni are Indians, but a dwindling number are from Pakistan having studied at Doon before the Partition of India forced them to leave in 1947. Relations between Indian and Pakistani alumni have remained warm over the years, despite the long history of conflict between the two countries. Boys from Bangladesh and Nepal continue to study at Doon. Pupils of Doon have achieved prominence in politics, government service, the armed forces of India and Pakistan, commerce, journalism, the arts and literature. In politics, they include cabinet ministers, chief ministers, several members of the Indian Parliament and state Legislative Assemblies, diplomats, and former heads of the Indian and Pakistani Air Forces. Former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi was educated at Doon. Politician Mani Shankar Aiyar, the former Defence Secretary of Pakistan Ghulam Jilani Khan, Kamal Nath and Rahul Gandhi were at school, and Naveen Patnaik, the Chief Minister of Odisha, Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia, politician and poet Karan Singh.
In the field of literature, Doon alumni include novelists Amitav Ghosh, Vikram Seth, Ardashir Vakil, and historian Ramachandra Guha; and in journalism, Prannoy Roy, founder of NDTV; Aroon Purie, founder of India Today, Karan Thapar, Virendra Prabhakar and Vikram Chandra. India's first Rhodes scholar, Lovraj Kumar, was an alumnus. Abhinav Bindra, India's first Olympic gold medallist, and the mountaineer Nandu Jayal studied at the school. In arts and entertainment, Doon's alumni include Ali Fazal, Roshan Seth, Himani Shivpuri, Chandrachur Singh, Satyadeep Mishra, art collector Abhishek Poddar, and illusionist Neel Madhav. The Turner Prize-winning sculptor Sir Anish Kapoor and artist Vivan Sundaram also attended Doon.
In business, the Doon alumni include Analjit Singh of Max Group, Sunil Kant Munjal, chairman of Hero MotoCorp; Rahul Akerkar, restaurateur and founder of Indigo and Qualia; father and son Vikram Lal and Siddhartha Lal of Eicher Motors; A. Vellayan, chairman of the Murugappa Group, Ajit Narain Haksar, the first Indian chairman of ITC Limited; R.C. Bhargava, chairman of Maruti Suzuki; Ajay S. Shriram, managing director of DCM Shriram group, and Sharan Pasricha, CEO of Ennismore hospitality developer and founder of The Hoxton and Gleneagles.
Faculty
In the early years, many teachers came from British schools, including Peter Lawrence from Eton College, Jack Gibson from Ripon Grammar School, John A. K. Martyn and R. L. Holdsworth from Harrow. The school's first art teacher was the artist Sudhir Khastgir, from Shantiniketan, who joined in 1936 and remained at school for twenty years. Many sculptures and murals on the campus today were created by him. The film director Chetan Anand taught briefly at the school from 1940 to 1944. Mountaineer Gurdial Singh joined in 1946 as a geography teacher and led the boys on many expeditions. The cricketer and mathematics teacher, Sheel Vohra, joined in 1959 and became the longest-serving master in school's history when he retired in 1998. The Fiji-Indian academic Satendra Nandan taught history at school in the early 1960s, and the sarod player Ashok Roy headed the music department from 1977 to 1988. Popular science author and theoretical physicist, Simon Singh, taught science at Doon in 1987 before embarking on his academic and writing career.
References
Footnotes
Bibliography
External links
Website of the Doon School Old Boys' Society
The Doon School - Gift Store
Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference
Round Square schools
Private schools in Uttarakhand
Boys' schools in India
International Baccalaureate schools in India
Cambridge schools in India
Boarding schools in Uttarakhand
Schools in Dehradun
Educational institutions established in 1935
1935 establishments in India
UNESCO Asia-Pacific Heritage Awards winners
1935 establishments in British India
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambour%20%28guitar%20technique%29
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Tambour (guitar technique)
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Tambour (also called tambor, tamboro or tambora, written in music as tamb.), is a technique in Flamenco guitar and classical guitar that emulates the sound of a heartbeat. The player uses a flat part of the hand, usually the side of the outstretched right thumb, or also the edge of the palm below the little finger, and sounds the strings by striking them rapidly just inside the bridge of the guitar. Duration can be from a single articulation to an extended drum roll-like tremolo. If performed incorrectly, the effect is similar to a right-hand apagado, or dampening of the strings.
Variation in tone can be achieved by striking different distances from the bridge and using different parts of the thumb (especially fleshy vs. bony parts).
Variation in chord texture can be achieved by selecting different strings to strike.
Examples
An example of tambour in popular music occurs at the beginning of the second verse of Your Time Is Gonna Come by Led Zeppelin. In addition, the tambour effect is prominent in "Chopi" by Pablo Escobar.
One of the most remarkable modern compositions for the guitar, Sonata op.47, by Argentine composer Alberto Ginastera, was inspired by the folk music of Indians and Argentinean Gauchos and uses a lot of effects typical of the guitar, such as tamboro.
Both tambour and pizzicato can be heard in Aconquija by Barrios.
References
Guitar performance techniques
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorton%20station%20%28VRE%29
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Lorton station (VRE)
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Lorton station is a railroad station located at 8990 Lorton Station Boulevard in Lorton, Virginia. It is served by the Virginia Railway Express Fredericksburg Line. This station is one mile north from Amtrak's Lorton station, the northern terminus of the Auto Train. Amtrak's Northeast Regional, Silver Meteor, Silver Star, Palmetto, and Carolinian trains share the line but do not stop at either Lorton station.
The station opened in 1994, two years after VRE began service, as an infill station.
An extension to the platform was completed in 2017 to accommodate direct passenger access to all entry on 8 car trains. The platform extension officially opened on December 11, 2017 with a ribbon cutting ceremony for this improvement held on March 8, 2018.
Future work at the station will include a second platform and pedestrian overpass to accommodate construction of the fourth track by DRPT. On July 2, 2020, this project was cancelled by the Northern Virginia Transportation Authority (NVTA) and deferred until 4th track construction.
References
External links
Lorton Station (VRE)
Virginia Railway Express stations
Transportation in Fairfax County, Virginia
Buildings and structures in Fairfax County, Virginia
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1994
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir%20Vuleti%C4%87
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Vladimir Vuletić
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Vladimir Vuletić (; born 28 November 1978) is a Serbian lawyer, associate professor at the Faculty of Law, University of Belgrade and a former vice president of FK Partizan.
Early life and education
He was born on 28 November 1978 in Šabac, at that time part of SR Serbia and SFR Yugoslavia. There he finished the elementary school "Janko Veselinović" and then the Šabac Gymnasium.
He enrolled at the Faculty of Law, University of Belgrade in 1997. He graduated in June 2001 as a student of the generation. He was a scholarship holder of the Government of the Republic of Serbia and the Embassy of the Kingdom of Norway in Belgrade.
He attended postgraduate studies at the Faculty of Law, University of Belgrade. He defended his master's thesis "Seller's Liability for Physical Defects in Classical Roman Law" in November 2006, and his doctoral thesis "Protection of the Buyer's Rights - the Contribution of Roman Classical Law to the Development of European Private Law" in June 2010.
Academic career
He was elected an assistant-trainee at the Faculty of Law of the University of Belgrade in the field of Roman law in March 2003. He became an assistant in June 2007.
He was elected assistant professor in March 2011. He was the Secretary of the Department of Legal History from 2003 to 2008.
He is currently an associate professor at the Faculty of Law, University of Belgrade.
FK Partizan
At the annual assembly of FK Partizan, in December 2014, he was elected president of the club's Supervisory Board.
Vuletic served as the vice president of FK Partizan until his resignation on 9 February 2021 after the arrest of the members of the FK Partizan supporters group Grobari, and the discovery of hidden bunkers on the Partizan Stadium which were used for criminal activities.
Political career
On 24 May 2021, Vuletić said that he will run for President of Serbia at the 2022 Serbian presidential election. On 1 June 2021, Vuletić founded a new political organization called Black on White, which, as he said, will fight for a "legal and just state" and against the SNS-led government.
Acting career
In two episodes of the first season of the series Balkan Shadows by Dragan Bjelogrlić, which was broadcast at the end of 2017 on RTS1, Vuletić appeared in the role of a member of the Thule Society.
References
1978 births
Living people
People from Šabac
Serbian lawyers
University of Belgrade Faculty of Law alumni
University of Belgrade faculty
FK Partizan non-playing staff
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhangsun%20%28surname%29
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Zhangsun (surname)
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Zhangsun was a Chinese compound surname of Xianbei origin. People with this surname included:
Zhangsun Shunde (565–631), general of the Tang dynasty
Empress Zhangsun (601–636), first empress consort of the Tang dynasty
Zhangsun Wuji (died 659), prime minister of the Tang dynasty and Empress Zhangsun's brother
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47369663
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flail%20space%20model
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Flail space model
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The flail space model (FSM) is a model of how a car passenger moves in a vehicle that collides with a roadside feature such as a guardrail or a crash cushion. Its principal purpose is to assess the potential risk of harm to the hypothetical occupant as he or she impacts the interior of the passenger compartment and, ultimately, the efficacy of an experimental roadside feature undergoing full-scale vehicle crash testing.
The FSM eliminates the complexity and expense of using instrumented anthropometric dummies during the crash test experiments. Furthermore, while crash test dummies were developed to model collisions between vehicles, they are not accurate when used for the sorts of collision angles that occur when a vehicle collides with a roadside feature; by contrast, the FSM was designed for such collisions.
History
The FSM is based on research performed at Southwest Research Institute in 1980 and published in 1981 in the paper entitled "Collision Risk Assessment Based on Occupant Flail-Space Model" by Jarvis D. Michie. The FSM (coined by Michie) was accepted by the highway community and published as a key part of the "Recommended Procedures for the Safety Evaluation of Highway Appurtenances" published in 1981 in National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 230. In 1993, the NCHRP Report was updated and presented as NCHRP Report 350; in this research effort performed by the Texas Transportation Research Institute, the FSM was reexamined and was unmodified in the new publication. In 2004, Douglas Gabauer further examined the efficacy of the FSM in his PhD thesis. The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) retained the FSM as the method of assessing the risk of harm to vehicle occupants in the 2009 "Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware" that replaced NCHRP Report 350, stating that the FSM had "served its intended purpose well".
Details
The FSM hypothesis divides the collision into two stages. In stage one, the unrestrained occupant is propelled forward and sideways in the compartment space due to vehicle collision accelerations and then impacts one or more surfaces (including the steering wheel) with velocity "V". According to the model, the vehicle (instead of the occupant) is the object that is accelerating. The occupant experiences no injury-producing force prior to contact with the compartment surfaces.
In stage two, the occupant is assumed to remain in contact with the compartment surface and experiences the same accelerations as the vehicle for the rest of the collision. The occupant may sustain injury at the end of stage one based on the velocity of impact with the compartment surfaces and due to vehicle accelerations during stage two. The occupant impact velocity and acceleration are computed from the vehicle collision acceleration history and the compartment geometry. Finally, the hypothetical occupant impact velocity and acceleration are then compared to threshold values of human tolerance to these forces.
References
Scientific models
Applied mathematics
Knowledge representation
Mathematical modeling
Transport safety
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59513841
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Spitzer
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Michael Spitzer
|
Michael Spitzer is a British musicologist and academic. He completed his undergraduate studies at Merton College, Oxford, and his doctorate at the University of Southampton (awarded in 1993). He taught at Durham University, where he was appointed to a readership in the 2005; he then moved to the University of Liverpool after the 2009–10 academic year, and remains a professor of music there as of 2018. He is a past president of the Society for Music Analysis. According to his university profile, he is a specialist in Beethoven "with interests in aesthetics and critical theory, cognitive metaphor, and music and affect."
Selected publications
Metaphor and Musical Thought (University of Chicago Press, 2004).
Music as Philosophy: Adorno and Beethoven's Late Style (Indiana University Press, 2006).
(Editor) Beethoven (Ashgate, 2015).
A History of Emotion in Western Music: A Thousand Years from Chant to Pop (Oxford University Press, 2020).
The Musical Human: A History of Life on Earth, (Bloomsbury, 2021)
References
Living people
British musicologists
Alumni of Merton College, Oxford
Alumni of the University of Southampton
Academics of Durham University
Academics of the University of Liverpool
Year of birth missing (living people)
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17617745
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingle%20Cutting
|
Pingle Cutting
|
Pingle Cutting is a 1.0 hectare nature reserve north of Warboys in Cambridgeshire. It is managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire.
This former railway cutting has grassland with ox-eye daisy, salad burnet, wild carrot and hairy violet. There is also woodland with forest plants such as bluebells and dog's mercury. Over 50 bird and 300 moth species have been recorded.
There is access from Fenside Road.
References
Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire reserves
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26401962
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lego%20Avatar%3A%20The%20Last%20Airbender
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Lego Avatar: The Last Airbender
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Lego Avatar: The Last Airbender was a Lego theme based on the Nickelodeon television show Avatar: The Last Airbender. It is licensed from Nickelodeon. The theme was first introduced in June 2006. It was eventually discontinued by the end of 2007.
Overview
Lego Avatar: The Last Airbender was based on Book One of Avatar. The product line focuses on the centered around the journey of twelve-year-old Aang, the current Avatar and last survivor of his nation, the Air Nomads, along with his friends Katara and Sokka, as they strive to end the Fire Nation's war against the other nations of the world. Lego Avatar: The Last Airbender aimed to recreate the main characters in Lego form, including Aang, Katara, Sokka, Momo, Zuko, Firebender and Fire Nation soldier.
Initially, the Nickelodeon featured Lego sets did not only release the 2 Lego Avatar: The Last Airbender sets. Lego SpongeBob SquarePants sets were released at the same time in 2006, both being the flagship product for a newly-signed partnership of Lego and Nickelodeon. The Nickelodeon series featured its most iconic shows, which were Avatar, SpongeBob SquarePants and its newest member, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. The Lego Avatar: The Last Airbender sets were not a series of their own, but only a theme out of many of the main series which was Nickelodeon.
Characters
Aang: The last surviving Airbender, a monk of the Air Nomads' Southern Air Temple.
Sokka: A fifteen-year-old Sokka is a warrior of the Southern Water Tribe, a nation where some people are able to telekinetically manipulate, or "bend", water.
Katara: A fourteen-year-old waterbender (i.e., she has the ability to telekinetically control water and ice); at the beginning of the story, she is the only waterbender in the Southern Water Tribe, one of three known communities in which waterbending is practiced.
Momo: A winged Lemur was introduced when Aang finds him at the Southern Air Temple and then keeps him as a pet.
Zuko: The Crown Prince of the Fire Nation and a skilled firebender, meaning he has the ability to create and control fire.
Construction sets
According to Bricklink, The Lego Group released a total of 2 Lego sets as part of Lego Avatar: The Last Airbender theme. It was discontinued by the end of 2007.
In 2006, The Lego Group announced a partnership with Nickelodeon. It was officially announced by The Lego Group that the two sets based on Book One of Avatar was released on 1 June 2006. The two sets being released were Air Temple (set number: 3828) and Fire Nation Ship (set number: 3829).
Air Temple
Air Temple (set number: 3828) was released on 1 June 2006 based on the seventeenth episode of Book I: Water The Northern Air Temple. The set consists of 400 pieces with 5 minifigures. The set included a section of the Northern Air Temple and Aang's glider. The Northern Air Temple included a main door with sliding and locking features. Also included a catapult and Fire Nation vehicle that is able to seat with one minifigure. The set included Lego minifigures of the Aang, Sokka, Momo, Firebender and Fire Nation soldier.
Fire Nation Ship
Fire Nation Ship (set number: 3829) was released on 1 June 2006 and based on Prince Zuko's ship. The set consists of 722 pieces with 5 minifigures. The set features a largest Fire Nation ship, a built in catapult, a small dinghy that could launch out of the main ship and seat with one minifigure, a retractable anchor and extending ladder along the side of the ship. The set included Lego minifigures of the Aang, Katara, Zuko, Firebender and Fire Nation soldier.
Other media
Lego Ideas
In 2020, a revival set named Avatar: The Last Airbender – The Avatar Returns and it was created by StudioTRico reached 10,000 votes on LEGO Ideas in order for Lego to consider to make it into an official set. The project is based on Avatar: The Last Airbender – The Avatar Returns from the original Lego Avatar: The Last Airbender theme and includes characters such as Aang, Katara, Sokka, Prince Zuko, Iroh and a Fire Nation soldier.
See also
Lego SpongeBob SquarePants
Lego Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
References
Avatar: The Last Airbender
Products introduced in 2006
Products and services discontinued in 2007
Avatar
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2287840
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DiMenna%E2%80%93Nyselius%20Library
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DiMenna–Nyselius Library
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DiMenna–Nyselius Library is located on the campus of Fairfield University in Fairfield, Connecticut, USA.
External links
Fairfield University Digital Archive @ DiMenna-Nyselius Library
DigitalCommons@Fairfield
University and college academic libraries in the United States
Fairfield University
Libraries in Fairfield County, Connecticut
Buildings and structures in Fairfield, Connecticut
Library buildings completed in 1968
1968 establishments in Connecticut
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61311721
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynthia%20Grant
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Cynthia Grant
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Cynthia Grant, Ph.D., is a former Canadian federal scientist who is internationally recognized as an expert in soil fertility and crop nutrition. A researcher with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) (1986-2015), she is highly respected by industry, farmers, and public agencies alike. Her research provided the scientific foundation for the Made-in-Canada 4R nutrient stewardship framework that applies crop nutrients from the right source and at the right rate, time and place. Grant is now part of an elite group of ten women who have been inducted into the Canadian Agricultural Hall of Fame since 1960.
Biography
Grant grew up on a farm near Minnedosa in southwestern Manitoba. As a youth she showed interest in agriculture and was actively involved in her 4-H beef club.
Grant completed her B.S.A. (1980), M.Sc. (1982) and Ph.D. (1986) at the University of Manitoba. Her academic excellence was recognized with the University of Manitoba Gold Medal for highest standing in the B.Sc. Agriculture program, the AIfred Rea Tucker Scholarship for highest standing among students entering the faculty of graduate studies at the University of Manitoba, an NSERC Graduate Scholarship, and a Potash and Phosphate Institute Fellowship. She was the first woman Ph.D. graduate from the Department of Soil Science at University of Manitoba.
Career
Grant worked as a research scientist at AAFC's Brandon Research and Development Centre from 1986 to 2015. Her research investigated nutrient management for sustainable cropping in the prairies and developing practices to increase nutrients and protein concentration and reduce cadmium in crops.
Grant's research includes cadmium-phosphorus work with Fertilizer Canada and a Phosphorus Fertilization Review recently completed in partnership with the University of Manitoba. Grant also worked to develop and assess beneficial management practices (BMPs) for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur and chloride to improve nutrient use efficiency, becoming one of the first Canadian researchers supported by the international Fluid Fertilizer Foundation.
She has prepared dozens of technology transfer articles and presentations in North America, South America, Australia, Europe, and Asia on the usefulness of Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers (EEFs) and 4R nutrient management practices in cropping systems. Grant has published over 180 journal articles on nutrient management with topics ranging from diversified cropping systems, crop nutrition, nutrient dynamics in tillage systems to trace element behaviour in soils and crops.
As of July 2019, Grant was the lead author of three of the ten most highly cited scientific papers in the Canadian Journal of Plant Science. In addition, she has co-authored chapters on soil fertility management in dryland agriculture and sulphur management and co-edited a book on Integrated Nutrient Management, given hundreds of extension presentations and written over 200 extension bulletins and reports for the benefit of agronomists, farmers and policy-makers.
Her accomplishments have not only earned her significant respect and support from colleagues, managers, and peers, but also have led to national and international demands for her expertise and contributions to various agricultural, environmental, and health issues.
Grant also served as an adjunct professor in the Department of Soil Science at the University of Manitoba. Grant has worked with the university as a research project leader, student supervisor or advisor, adjunct professor, mentor, co-investigator and co-author. She also served as Associate Editor of the Journal of Environmental Quality, Canadian Journal of Soil Science, and Canadian Journal of Plant Science. As of 2019, she was the only person to have served as president of both theCanadian Society of Agronomy and the Canadian Society of Soil Science.
Honours and awards
International Fertilizer Industry Association Award for Young Professionals
The Robert E. Wagner Award, Potash and Phosphate Institute (1997–98)
Researcher of the Year, Fluid Fertilizer Foundation Award (2000)
Non-Farmer of the Year Award, Manitoba-North Dakota Zero Tillage Farmers Association (2007)
Young Agronomists Award, Canadian Society of Agronomy (2001)
President, Canadian Society of Agronomy (1999-2001)
Fellow, Canadian Society of Agronomy (2004)
President of the Canadian Society of Soil Science (2010)
Fellow, American Society of Agronomy (2010)
Fellow, Canadian Society of Soil Science (2011)
Gold Harvest Award, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada for outstanding science achievement (2011)
Associate Editor of the Journal of Environmental Quality (2009-2011)
Certificate of Merit, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba - in recognition of leadership with agricultural organizations and outstanding service to the community at large (2015)
Distinguished Agronomist Award, Canadian Society of Agronomy (2015)
Innovative Technologies Advancing the Fertilizer Industry Award, Fertilizer Industry Round Table (2015)
Canola Award of Excellence, Manitoba Canola Growers Association (2019)
Leo M. Walsh Soil Fertility Distinguished Lectureship (2019)
Canadian Agricultural Hall of Fame (2019)
References
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century Canadian women scientists
University of Manitoba alumni
Canadian soil scientists
21st-century Canadian women scientists
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15074798
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCN2B
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SCN2B
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Sodium channel subunit beta-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCN2B gene.
See also
Sodium channel
References
Further reading
External links
Ion channels
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2810599
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmen%20Bernos%20de%20Gasztold
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Carmen Bernos de Gasztold
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Carmen Bernos de Gasztold (9 October 1919 – 23 September 1995) was a French poet who lived in a Benedictine abbey.
Her most famous collection is titled Prayers from the Ark. The 1955 publication consists of short poems, each expressing a prayer from some animal on Noah's Ark. The book was translated into at least six languages, including an English version by Rumer Godden. Poet Marianne Moore praised the collection, but X. J. Kennedy criticized them as colorless and dull. Actor Marian Seldes recorded a spoken word album of the poems; composers Ivor R. Davies and Frieder Meschwitz set them to music.
A second volume of similar poems was published in 1965, entitled The Creatures Choir, also translated by Godden.
She spent her childhood in the province of Bordeaux, France. She had five sisters and brothers. After World War II she went to live at the Benedictine Abbaye Saint Louis du Temple at Limon.
Her family were of Lithuanian descent (Gasztold being the Polish rendering of the Lithuanian name Goštautas).
Works
Prières dans L'Arche, French & European Pubns, 1985,
Choral de Bêtes, French & European Pubns, 1985,
English translation
Prayers from the ark and the Creatures' choir, Carmen Bernos de Gasztold, Translator Rumer Godden, Penguin Books, 1976
Prayers from the ark: selected poems, Carmen Bernos de Gasztold, Translator Rumer Godden, Illustrator Barry Moser, Reprint Puffin Books, 1995,
Bernos de Gasztold&f=false "The Prayer of the Dog", To absent friends: a collection of stories of the dogs we miss, Editor Jameson Parker, Willow Creek Press, 2004,
References
1919 births
1995 deaths
20th-century French poets
20th-century French women writers
French people of Lithuanian descent
French women poets
People from Arcachon
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1555419
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance%20for%20Cannabis%20Therapeutics
|
Alliance for Cannabis Therapeutics
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The Alliance for Cannabis Therapeutics (ACT) is an organization supporting medical marijuana that was founded in 1981 by Robert C. Randall and Alice O'Leary. Randall was the first person known to have successfully used medical necessity as a defense against a charge of marijuana possession in violation of the Controlled Substances Act.
History
Clare Hodges aka Elizabeth Brice founded the Alliance for Cannabis Therapeutics (ACT) in the UK after contacting the Alice O'Leary and Robert Randall in 1992 about the medical benefits of marijuana for individuals suffering from multiple sclerosis.
The group participated in the 1986 hearings on cannabis rescheduling in the United States. ACT along with NORML petitioned for review of the final order of the Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration which followed the hearings. See Alliance for Cannabis Therapeutics v. DEA, 930 F.2d 936 (D.C.Cir.1991)
References
External links
Alliance for Cannabis Therapeutics.
Medicinal use of cannabis organizations based in the United States
Organizations established in 1981
1981 in cannabis
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3570661
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Diego%20Film%20Critics%20Society%20Award%20for%20Best%20Actress
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San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress
|
The San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress is an award given by the San Diego Film Critics Society to honor the finest female acting achievements in film-making.
Winners
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s
References
San Diego Film Critics Society - Awards
Film awards for lead actress
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18841234
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinko%20Muli%C4%87
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Dinko Mulić
|
Dinko Mulić (born 8 September 1983 in Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegovina) is a Bosnian-born Croatian slalom canoer who has competed since the late 1990s. Until 2003 he represented Bosnia and Herzegovina. Competing in the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens in the K-1 event, he finished twenty-second in the qualification round, failing to progress to the semifinals. He recorded the same result in the K-1 event at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.
References
Sports-Reference.com profile
Overview of athlete's results at canoeslalom.net
1983 births
Canoeists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Canoeists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Croatian male canoeists
Living people
Olympic canoeists of Croatia
People from Bihać
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4446849
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind%20Zero
|
Blind Zero
|
Blind Zero are a Portuguese rock band from the city of Porto. They won the 2003 MTV Europe Music Award for the Best Portuguese Act.
History
Blind Zero started out 1994 releasing their first EP, Recognize (1995), which sold out in nine days, and is today a collection item. The first album Trigger (1995), was produced by Ronnie Champagne. It was the first rock album by a Portuguese band to reach the gold label.
In 1996, Blind Zero revealed a new sound with the Flexogravity EP, a very experimental record with a fusion of sounds, shared with a hip-hop band from Porto, Mind da Gap. This was considered by many the EP of the year. Also in 1996, the band recorded an acoustic album, Transradio, one of the first Enhanced CDs (CD Extra) in Europe. The album was recorded live at Antena 3 radio. Months later they were invited to participate in SCYPE (Song Contest for Youth Programs in Europe), a festival gathering bands from all over Europe. They recorded a new original song, "My House", and won the contest.
In 1997, Blind Zero recorded Redcoast, the second album of originals produced by Michael Vail Blum. Redcoast was produced at Sony Music/New York studios by Grammy Award winner Mark Wilder.
In 1998, they recorded with Mário Caldato the song "The Wire", and spent 1999 working on their third album, One Silent Accident, which was released in 2000 and produced by Don Fleming.
In 2002, they recorded one of the most famous songs by David Bowie, "Heroes".
In January 2003, they started recording A Way to Bleed your Lover, produced by Mário Barreiros, adding a new member to the band, Miguel Ferreira. The album also contained contributions by Jorge Palma and Dana Colley (Twinmen/ex-Morphine). In May 2003, Blind Zero were invited by MTV to perform live in Milan, as part of the initiative of launching MTV Portugal. Later that year they won the "Best Portuguese Act" award at the MTV Europe Music Awards 2003 in Edinburgh, becoming the first Portuguese band to receive an award by MTV. In December, the specialized press considered A Way to Bleed your Lover the best album of the year in Portugal.
In 2005 they released The night before and a new day with Pedro Vidal (ex-Stealing Orchestra) as a member, replacing Marco Nunes on solo guitar.
In 2007 they released Time Machine (memories undone), a best of Blind Zero unplugged album, associated with their 13th anniversary.
In 2010, the album Luna Park was released on 30 May. Three singles were released from it, "Slow Time Love", "Snow Girl" and "The Tallest Building On Earth".
In 2013, Kill Drama was released. Its first single was "I See Desire", which reflects the desire of young Portuguese people to work in foreign countries due to Portugal's economic situation. The album also included the singles "From You", "High and Low", and "I Will Take You Home". To celebrate Blind Zero's 20 years of existence they released Kill Drama II. It contains the same songs as Kill Drama, but all of them featured a different artist.
After Luna Park, Kill Drama and Kill Drama II, three albums with a very pop vibes, they release in October of 2017 Ofteen Trees, an album that is well received and has much more rock'n'roll than the previous.
Discography
1995: Trigger
1996: Flexogravity (with Mind Da Gap)
1996: Transradio
1997: Redcoast
2000: One Silent Accident
2003: A Way to Bleed Your Lover
2004: MTV Live in Milan
2005: The Night Before and a New Day
2007: Time Machine (memories undone) - live best of unplugged
2010: Luna Park
2013: Kill Drama I
2015: Kill Drama II
2017: Often Trees
Notes
References
External links
Official website
Official Facebook page
Portuguese musical groups
MTV Europe Music Award winners
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34450704
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny%20Tate
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Danny Tate
|
John Daniel "Danny" Tate (born November 10, 1955) is an American musician, songwriter, composer, producer, and former Virgin Records recording artist, best known for penning songs covered by Jeff Healey, Kenny Wayne Shepherd, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Tim McGraw, The Oak Ridge Boys, The Smithereens, Diesel, Nelson, David Lee Murphy, Billy Ray Cyrus, Doro Pesch, The Fabulous Thunderbirds, Patti LaBelle, Walk the West, Cactus Brothers, Carla Olson, Danny Wilde and many others.
Most notably, Tate won the NSAI Rock Song of the Year award for 1998, 1999 and 2000. His start came when he co-wrote the 1983 multi-platinum hit, "Affair of the Heart", by Rick Springfield. He released three solo albums, Danny Tate Charisma/Virgin (1992), Nobody's Perfect Charisma/Virgin (1995), and Destination X Noville Records (2005), meeting limited success and continued his career writing songs, composing for television shows, (Extra!, Entertainment Tonight, The Tyra Banks Show, The Ellen DeGeneres Show) and contributing to the film soundtracks of 3000 Miles to Graceland, Boys Don't Cry, and How to Make an American Quilt.
Associated acts
David Lee Murphy, The Warren Brothers, Doro Pesch, Tim McGraw, Russ Taff, Kenny Wayne Shepherd, The Smithereens, Rick Springfield, The Oak Ridge Boys, Patti LaBelle, Jeff Healey, Billy Ray Cyrus, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Travis Tritt, Dwight Yoakam, Diesel, Jack Casady, Nelson, Béla Fleck, The Rembrandts, Danny Johnson, John Brannen, and John Cowan.
Early life
John Daniel Tate was born on November 10, 1955 to David Munroe Tate Jr. and Hazel Ella Tate in Beaumont, Texas. At 6 years old, Tate's family moved to Camden, Arkansas where his father, a music minister, accepted a position at a new church. There, he spent his formative years absorbing the musical and religious influences of a classic small town setting. In 1974, Tate left home to attend college, where he studied under the renowned composer and conductor, William Francis McBeth. Tate graduated Who's Who in American Colleges and Universities and is a member of Mensa. In 1989 Governor Bill Clinton appointed Tate "Arkansas Traveler"-Ambassador of Good Will.
Career
After graduating with a Bachelor of Music in Music Theory and Composition in 1978, Tate found work as a solo performer for the High School Assembly Service out of Chicago, Illinois. Touring continuously on a grueling schedule, Tate performed a combination of popular radio hits, his own songs, and told stories in a one-man show designed for High School students. From 1978 to 1980, Tate performed 600 shows in 3 semesters and had the most successful ratings and sales in the Service's 50-year history.
Later in 1980, Tate moved to Nashville with intentions of making a name for himself in the music industry. His big break came when a friend cornered Rick Springfield in a club restroom and handed him a cassette tape of Tate's song "Superman" which immediately caught Springfield's ear. Tate wrote off the exchange as an impossible probability until he received a phone call from Springfield's manager, who requested the use of a substantial and extremely infectious part of the song. After a melding of minds, the writers came up with the co-written song which morphed into the runaway hit, Affair of the Heart. Springfield's recording of the song peaked at #9 on Billboard charts, the album Living in Oz went platinum, and the song was nominated for a Grammy (losing to Michael Jackson's Beat It).
Solo career
Riding on his success, Tate moved to Los Angeles where he felt his talents would be more profitable as a pop/rock songwriter. He then embarked on a solo career releasing Danny Tate (1992), Nobody’s Perfect (1995) followed up with the "Dreamin'" tour featuring Danny Johnson formerly with Rick Derringer, Rod Stewart and the Troggs on guitar, and Destination X (2005). In 2005, Tate also released a Christmas Single entitled, "Wonder what Jesus thinks about Christmas," offering a clever and unexpected examination of the Christmas holiday.
Movie credits
How to Make an American Quilt (1995)
Boys Don't Cry (1999)
3000 Miles to Graceland (2001)
The Black Dove (not yet released)
Television credits
Enjoying uncommon success as a songwriter in a variety of musical genres, spanning pop, rock, country, alternative, heavy metal, and blues, Tate expanded his resume' to include musical cues and underscore for television shows. His compositions have been featured on Entertainment Tonight, Extra!, TMZ, Celebrity Justice, The Insider, The Ellen DeGeneres Show, The Tyra Banks Show, The Bachelor, As the World Turns, Guiding Light, and Judge Mathis.
Awards
NSAI Rock Song of the Year 1998, 1999, 2000
BMI #1 Awards
Multiple Platinum and Gold Records
“Only an artist of rare talent, intelligence, and instinct could achieve the kind of lasting success that Tate has enjoyed"—Vincent Jeffries (VH1.com)
References
External links
http://www.allmusic.com/artist/tate-p22061
https://www.amazon.com/Danny-Tate/e/B000APXS1I
http://www.vh1.com/artists/az/tate_danny/artist.jhtml
1955 births
People from Beaumont, Texas
Living people
Mensans
Songwriters from Texas
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3783852
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio%20Vieira%20%28football%20manager%29
|
Antônio Vieira (football manager)
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Antônio Vieira was a Brazilian professional football coach who managed the Kuwaiti national team between 1987 and 1988.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Brazilian football managers
20th-century Brazilian people
Kuwait national football team managers
Brazilian expatriate football managers
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Kuwait
Expatriate football managers in Kuwait
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48518330
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luo%20Luo
|
Luo Luo
|
Luo Luo () is a Chinese novelist and film director.
Early life
On April 30, 1982, Luo was born as Zhao Jiarong in Shanghai, China.
Career
Luo directed the 2015 film The Last Women Standing based on one of her novels. Megan Tay translated her book in Malay when she's buying a Chinese
novel in Beijing to Kuala Lumpur.
Filmography
2015 The Last Woman Standing - Director, Writer.
2018 Cry Me a Sad River - Director, Writer.
References
External links
21st-century Chinese writers
21st-century women writers
Chinese film directors
Chinese women novelists
Chinese women film directors
Living people
1982 births
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36276397
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Story%20Books
|
Story Books
|
Story Books were a British five-piece band from Sittingbourne, Kent, England, who play alternative / indie music.
In June 2012 the band's track "Peregrine" was added to the BBC Radio 1 playlist as BBC Introducing's 'tip of the week'. "Peregrine" received regular airplay on Huw Stephens' show, as well as being played by daytime DJs including Scott Mills and Fearne Cotton.
The band have supported acts including Bloc Party, Grouplove, James Vincent McMorrow and Kyla La Grange, and performed at the Belladrum, Rockness and Lounge On The Farm festivals.
Discography
Singles
"All Those Arrows" (Music For Heroes - 5 March 2012)
"Peregrine" (Music For Heroes - 9 July 2012)
References
British indie rock groups
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66600556
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahlatc%C4%B1k%2C%20%C4%B0skilip
|
Ahlatcık, İskilip
|
Ahlatcık is a village in the İskilip District of Çorum Province in Turkey.
References
Villages in İskilip District
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52337162
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noukadubi
|
Noukadubi
|
Noukadubi (, Boat wreck) is a Bengali novel written by Rabindranath Tagore in 1906. The novel was first published in Bangadarshan, a Bengali literary magazine which was under the editorship of Rabindranath himself at that moment.
Characters
The characters of this novel are:
Ramesh
Hemanlini
Kamala
Nalinaksha
Annadababu
Yogendra
Akshay
Umesh
Chakravarti
Shailaja
Adaptations
Milan
Ghunghat
Noukadubi
Noukadubi
Mathar Kula Manickam
Charana Daasi
Oka Chinna Maata
References
External links
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/23110390
rabindra-rachanabali.nltr.org
Novels by Rabindranath Tagore
1906 novels
Indian novels adapted into films
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19042640
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilasaini
|
Dilasaini
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Dilasaini is a former village development committee that is now a Rural Municipality in Baitadi District in Sudurpashchim Province of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4,828 and had 849 houses in the village.
There is one plus two (affiliated to HSEB), two high schools and many primary schools in the VDC. This VDC is bordered by Mathairaj, Gokuleshwor, Rudreswor and Rim VDC and Darchula district in the northwest.
Ths VDC is named after a local deity (an manifestation of Hindu Goddess Durga). The temple of this devi is located in Dhamigaun which is one of the wards of the VDC. This temple is famous in far-western Nepal for the sacrifice of huge number of bull buffaloes on occasion of Dashain.
References
Populated places in Baitadi District
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32659595
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gribanovsky%20District
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Gribanovsky District
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Gribanovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Gribanovsky. Population: 33,073 (2010 Census); The population of the administrative center accounts for 47.4% of the district's total population.
References
Notes
Sources
Districts of Voronezh Oblast
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23840695
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddie%20Gee
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Freddie Gee
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Fredrick Gee (23 June 1872 – 1943) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Stoke.
Career
Born in Handsworth, Birmingham, Gee joined Stoke from Edgbaston at the end of the 1888–89 season and played in the final match away at Accrington. He played in 21 matches and scored five goals for Stoke before leaving at the end of the 1889–90 season.
Career statistics
References
English footballers
Stoke City F.C. players
English Football League players
1943 deaths
1872 births
Footballers from Handsworth, West Midlands
Association football forwards
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5160885
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agalloch%20/%20Nest
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Agalloch / Nest
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Agalloch / Nest is a split EP by American heavy metal band Agalloch and Finnish neofolk band Nest. It was released on August 2, 2004 by The End as a 10" picture disc limited to 1,000 copies.
Agalloch's "The Wolves of Timberline" is a neo-folk piece, utilizing a contemporary classical structure with acoustic guitars, mandolin, and cello. This track was only released on this split.
Nest's "Last Vestige of Old Joy" showcased their trademark style with traditional Finnish instruments and included vocal and acoustic guitar contributions from Agalloch members John Haughm and Don Anderson.
Aslak Tolonen of Nest provided the artwork for both sides.
Track listing
References
Nest (band) albums
Agalloch albums
Split EPs
2004 EPs
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48348780
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan%20Guti%C3%A9rrez%20de%20Gualda
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Juan Gutiérrez de Gualda
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Juan Gutiérrez de Gualda (16th century) was a priest and mathematician known to be the author of a popular book on arithmetic.
Life and work
Nothing is known about his life except he was the priest of Villarejo de Fuentes, province of Cuenca.
Gutiérrez is known by his book on arithmetic which was very successful in his times: Arte breve y muy provechoso de cuenta castellana y arismética (Toledo 1539). The book was reedited not less than five times in 16th century. It consist in a short arithmetic for merchants, very basic, which only contains forty pages and practically only explains the four rules and few more. The book is an example of the transition from roman numerals to arabic numerals because it resolves the problems with arabics (quenta arismetica), but it gives his expression in romans (quenta castellana). His success was in big part due to the fact that Juan de Yciar included it as an annex of his book on calligraphy from 1564.
References
Bibliography
External links
16th-century Spanish people
16th-century mathematicians
16th-century Spanish mathematicians
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53797087
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijpe
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Lijpe
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Abdessamed Achahbar (born in Utrecht, Netherlands on 29 October 1992) better known as Lijpe is a Dutch rapper of Moroccan origin. He is born in Maarssen. He released his EP Van de bodem naar de grond in 2014 and his debut album Levensles in 2015. His 2016 album Jackpot reached number 2 on the Dutch Albums chart. Now the first in the chart
Discography
Albums
EPs
Singles
Other charting releases
Featured in
References
Dutch rappers
Moroccan rappers
Dutch people of Moroccan descent
1993 births
Musicians from Utrecht (city)
Living people
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44597051
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baanaadi
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Baanaadi
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Baanaadi () is a 2014 Indian Kannada language children's film written and directed by debutant Nagaraj Kote, based on the novel Usiru he wrote. It stars Praful Vishwakarma, H. G. Dattatreya and Rajesh Nataranga in the lead roles. The supporting cast features Dhruthi, Abhinaya, Sringeri Ramanna, Jayashree Raj, Venkatachala, T. S. Nagabharana, Mimicry Gopi and Yashwanth Kote. Music for five of the six soundtracks in the film were composed by Karthik Sharma, who, with the film became the youngest composer in the history of Kannada cinema.
Cast
Master Praful Vishwakarma as Kishore
H. G. Dattatreya as Kishore's Grandfather
Rajesh Nataranga as Avinash
Kumari Dhruthi as Pallavi
Abhinaya as Kusuma
Sringeri Ramanna as Thathayya
Jayashree Raj as Girija
Venkatachala as Muthyappa
T. S. Nagabharana as Ashwath Kumar
Mimicry Gopi as Duduma
Yashawantha Kote as Hanumya
Master Madhusudan
Bank Janardhan
Ramesh Pandith
Mugu Suresh
Baraguru Ramachandrappa
Manasi Sudheer
Mohan Juneja
Nagraj kote as Ranga
Production
Usiru, a novel written by Nagaraj Kote in the 1990s, deals with the upbringing of children in the current era. Deciding to direct a film based on the novel, Kote launched the film in April 2014, having signed Praful Vishwakarma, Rajesh Nataranga and H. G. Dattatreya to play characters of three generations; a young boy, his father and grandfather. The role of Praful's mother was played by Anubhava, who was pregnant during the filming stages. Filming completed in July 2014.
Soundtrack
Karthik Sharma composed the background score for the film and music for five soundtracks in the film. The lyrics were written by Nagaraj Kote and M. N. Vyasa Rao. The track "Henda Hendthi" was taken from one of G. P. Rajarathnam's works, to which the music was composed by Raju Ananthaswamy. Another track "Yaaru Baruvaru" was taken from the works of Purandara Dasa, a Carnatic music composer who lived in the 16th century. The album consists of six soundtracks. It was released on 26 July 2014, in Bangalore.
Critical reception
Upon theatrical release, the film received positive reviews from critics. B. S. Srivani of Deccan Herald felt that the film was successful in "conveying the message quite effectively". She concluded writing praises of the acting performances and the music in the film. G. S. Kumar of The Times of India reviewed the film and wrote, "Director Nagaraja Kote has chosen a topic with a social message and made best use of Hagalu Vesha. Their performance blends well with the story." He concluded giving special mention to the Dattatreya's performance and the film's cinematography.
References
External links
Nagaraj Kote Director website
2014 films
Indian films
2010s Kannada-language films
Indian children's films
Films based on Indian novels
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27177505
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teenage%20Dream%20%28Katy%20Perry%20album%29
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Teenage Dream (Katy Perry album)
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Teenage Dream is the third studio album by American singer Katy Perry. It was released on August 24, 2010, through Capitol Records. Primarily a pop record, Teenage Dream also contains elements of disco, electronic, rock, funk, house, Hi-NRG, and hip hop, that revolve around young love, partying, self-empowerment, and personal growth. Perry co-wrote the album, and worked with a number of producers such as Dr. Luke, Max Martin, Benny Blanco, Stargate and Greg Wells.
The album was preceded by the number-one singles "California Gurls" and "Teenage Dream", and later produced the number-one singles "Firework", "E.T.", and "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)". Its sixth — "The One That Got Away" — peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100. Teenage Dream is the second album in history to produce five number-one singles (after Michael Jackson's 1987 album Bad), and the first by a woman to achieve this milestone. The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200, selling 192,000 copies in its first week. The album was certified eight times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for combined album sales, track sales, on-demand audio and video streams equivalent of eight million album-sale units. The album has gone onto sell 3.1 million copies in the United States, and charted within the Top 40 of the Billboard 200 year-end chart three years in a row. The album also sold 1.3 million copies in the United Kingdom, where it was certified four times platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI).
Upon its release, Teenage Dream received mostly mixed reviews from music critics, who complimented its production, themes, and Perry's vocals while critiquing other aspects. However, the album has retrospectively received critical acclaim, landing on multiple decade-end best album lists. Billboard named Teenage Dream "one of the defining LPs from a new golden age in mega-pop" and The A.V. Club called the album "pop perfection." The album and its singles earned Perry seven Grammy Award nominations including Album of the Year, Best Pop Vocal Album, and Record of the Year.
It also won International Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2011. All six of the aforementioned singles, in addition to two from its 2012 reissue Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection, have sold over two million digital downloads each in the US, setting a record in the digital era for the most multi-Platinum singles from one album, breaking the previous record of Fergie's debut album The Dutchess (2006), which had five multi-Platinum songs. To promote the album, Perry embarked on the California Dreams Tour from 2011 to 2012. By July 2013, Teenage Dream had sold 6 million copies worldwide.
Background
Prior to recording Teenage Dream, Perry told Rolling Stone she would "definitely keep it pop", in order to not "alienate" her fanbase. Perry began recording the album on October 13, 2009, stating that she had "lots of layers to get through, thankfully Greg Wells is there to do the peeling". Work on the album involved collaborating with numerous artists and producers including Wells. Guy Sigsworth, Dr. Luke, Max Martin, Ryan Tedder, Rivers Cuomo, Kuk Harrell, Greg Kurstin, Benny Blanco, Darkchild, Cathy Dennis, Esther Dean, and Tricky Stewart, who told Rap-Up magazine in December 2009 that the sound of the album would be pop and rock, like One of the Boys, though calling it a "different gear" for himself.
As for the visual component, Perry likens it to "going from Shirley Temple, Betty Boop to more of a Betty Paige [sic], pop art-sarcastic-fun-Lichtenstein picture: still bright, but the colors are more saturated, and it's more metallic fuchsia or purple than bubblegum pink."
On March 27, 2010, at 2010 Kids' Choice Awards, Perry told Jose Ordonez that she considered the album "a summer record". She added that her previous teases about the album still fit, saying "it's what I said I wanted earlier". She has also stated that the album is inspired by ABBA and The Cardigans. According to Perry, she gave her producer Dr. Luke a mixtape of songs by the two groups in order to demonstrate how she wanted her next record to sound. Perry described the album as "more groove-driven". She added, "When I went on tour, as much as I love all the in-between songs, I felt I was missing some of the stuff that made people bounce up and down."
During a Rolling Stone photo shoot in April 2010, Perry revealed details about what would be the album's lead single, "California Gurls". Allegedly a response to Jay-Z and Alicia Keys's "Empire State of Mind", she stated "everyone has the New York song, but what the fuck? What about LA? What about California?", adding that the song also took its inspiration from Prince. The song features California rapper Snoop Dogg. USA Today gave the song a positive review, calling it "an effervescent toast to summer fun". Perry also claimed that working with producers Max Martin and Dr. Luke was "a wonderful collaborative effort".
For the recording of Teenage Dream, Perry had recorded at a multitude of recording studios such as Playback Recording Studio, Roc the Mic Studios, Conway Recording Studios, Rocket Carousel Studio, Studio at the Palms, Triangle Sound Studios, Silent Sound Studios, The Boom Boom Boom, Henson Recording Studios, Capitol Studios, NightBird Recording Studios, and Eightysevenfourteen Studios. Recording for the album finished on April 30, 2010. The album cover is a painting by Will Cotton, and was revealed on July 21, 2010. via a live webstream with Cotton, at his Art Studio. On July 23, 2010, the album's official track listing was posted on Perry's official website.
Music and lyrics
Perry stated about the album "You're getting the sugary sweet but you're also getting the 'Oh my goodness, she had to sit down for a minute and let things off her chest'". The music of Teenage Dream is derived from a wide variety of pop genres, while heavily incorporating different musical styles not heard on her previous releases; disco and electronic are examples. Musically, Teenage Dream is considered to be a departure from Perry's previous album, One of the Boys (2008), which was pop rock and soft rock driven. The album features a very wide range of rock subgenres, which include disco rock, glam metal, indie rock, pop rock, hard rock, electronic rock, and goth rock.
Songs
The album opens with the title track and second single "Teenage Dream", which is written as a throwback record to Perry's teenage years. It is a power pop and electropop song which features a "distinct retro sound", and contains influences of disco, pop rock, and industrial music. The song has been compared to several disco artists, including Madonna and The Cardigans. The second song is "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)", the song recalls a true experience that Perry had while partying in Santa Barbara which included streaking in a park, dancing on tables, and partying at a club. Musically, the song is styled in the genres of disco, indie rock, and Hi-NRG, while also taking influence from dance-pop. The lead single, "California Gurls", continues the "retro sound" carried from "Teenage Dream", and is written as an answer song to "Empire State of Mind" by Jay-Z and Alicia Keys, and pays tribute to the beach lifestyle of California. The song utilizes the genres of disco, funk-pop, and electropop, while bearing influence of new wave music within its composition.
The fourth track is the self-empowerment song "Firework". Written in a disco-rock style which runs over the backing track, consisting of a mix of violins and house music. The song has generated comparisons to artists such as Coldplay and Leona Lewis. According to Perry, the song was inspired by Jack Kerouac's novel On the Road, and she has said on many occasions that it is her favorite song from the album. "Peacock" is a dance-pop song, with an up-tempo house music beat. Lyrically, the track contains a double entendre with suggestive wording. New York magazine writer Willa Paskin observed that Perry did the obvious with the song's hook ("she used a common word for penis and made it mean penis!"). Rob Sheffield from Rolling Stone thought of "Peacock" as a sequel to Gwen Stefani's 2005 single "Hollaback Girl" by noticing the two songs shared a drum hook. The album follows with "Circle the Drain", a rant song where, lyrically, Perry is telling off a self-destructive drug-addicted ex-boyfriend. Its candid lyrics also discuss the strains his addiction put on both of them. In the track's chorus, she sings about how she wants to be his lover, not someone who has to take care of him, such as a maternal figure. She also sings about how he had ultimately lost large opportunities. The song is styled in the genres of disco-rock, and gothic rock tones. The sixth single from Teenage Dream is "The One That Got Away", which is a rock and pop ballad. Perry stated that she wrote the song "about when you promise someone forever, but you end up not being able to follow through. It's a bittersweet story. Hopefully, the listener learns from hearing it and never has to say they had 'the one' get away."
The eighth song, "E.T." is a song about "falling in love with a foreigner". A remix of the song features Kanye West. Musically, the track is an electronic and hip hop ballad influenced by drum n' bass, rave, and techno. The eleventh track, "Hummingbird Heartbeat", was inspired by Perry's boyfriend at the time, Russell Brand. Musically, it is a 1980s-styled hard rock song that contains a mixture of elements from rock and electronica. Lyrically, the song compares the feeling of being in love to the speed of a hummingbird's heartbeat. The last track is "Not Like the Movies" a power ballad about a love relationship where a woman does not feel in love and still waits for the man of her dreams, or "charming prince", as a Terra reviewer put it. Its melody was compared to Britney Spears' "Everytime" (2003) and Evanescence's "My Immortal" (2003).
Release and artwork
"Teenage Dream" was released on August 24, 2010, in the United States as a digital download on iTunes, and as a physical release by Capitol Records. Worldwide, the album was released on August 30, 2010 and distributed by EMI. A deluxe version was made available on August 27, 2010 in the US, and consists of two CDs with the twelve original tracks, plus two tracks from 2009 on which Perry had appeared as a featured artist — 3OH!3's "Starstrukk" and Timbaland's "If We Ever Meet Again". The deluxe version also includes remixes of "California Gurls" and "Teenage Dream".
In North America, the album was packaged in several different ways. The explicit version of the album is available in a three-panel (six-sided) digipak, which does not feature Perry's name or the album title on the cover, aside from the Parental Advisory warning label on the lower right-hand corner. This is also how the album is displayed if purchased digitally. The booklet contained inside this version reproduces the album's front artwork, without any labels or text. The explicit version is also offered in a standard jewel case, which has text printed on the booklet and has the smell of cotton candy. The cover with text is mainly used for releases outside of North America, while international deluxe editions are available in the digipak, with a bonus disc included. A limited number of the albums are scented like cotton candy indicated by a sticker on the cover.
Artwork based on the album were also used by Electronic Arts for the limited edition of the expansion pack The Sims 3: Showtime from The Sims game franchise. It was released on March 6, 2012.
The official album cover, which shows Perry lying naked on clouds of cotton candy, was painted on canvas by Will Cotton and released on July 21 via live webstream. The covers of the first two singles were photographed by Emma Summerton in April 2010, and three other pictures taken by the artist were released to promote the album in July.
Promotion
On June 14, 2010, a beach themed Teenage Dream listening party took place in New York, a number of tracks were played, including: "Teenage Dream", "Firework", "Last Friday Night", "Circle The Drain", "Pearl", "The One That Got Away", "Peacock", and "Not Like the Movies". Before the release of the album, three promotional singles were released exclusively on Apple's iTunes Store as a countdown to Teenage Dream. "Not Like the Movies", was released digitally on August 3, 2010, and debuted at number 53 on the Billboard Hot 100. "Circle the Drain" was released digitally on August 10, 2010 as the second promotional single, and entered the Billboard Hot 100 at number 58. "E.T.", the third, was released the following week on August 17, 2010, and charted at number 42 on the Billboard Hot 100. "Peacock" reached number 64 in Canada, number 52 in the Czech Republic, and number 1 on the US Hot Dance Club Songs chart. It has also sold over 500,000 copies in the US and certified Gold on July 9, 2012. A dance remix of it was released on March 26, 2012.
Promotion for the album began with a live performance of the album's lead single, "California Gurls" on May 20, 2010, at the CW networks' annual "upfronts" presentation in New York. Perry alongside Snoop Dogg performed "California Gurls" at the MTV Movie Awards in June 2010. She also promoted the song that same month on Germany's Next Topmodel 2010 and Le Grand Journal. The Candifornia theme from the "California Gurls" video was used in the song's performance at the MuchMusic Video Awards 2010 and on The Graham Norton Show. On September 5, 2010, Perry performed "Teenage Dream", "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)", "Firework" and "Not Like the Movies" in the show's launch of the Teenage Dream in Berlin.
Perry performed "Teenage Dream" live for the first time in July 2010 in MTV World Stage Live in Malaysia, as well as opening the 2010 Teen Choice Awards with a rendition of it. In August, Perry performed "California Gurls" and "Peacock" on The Morning Show and The Today Show. That same month, "Firework" was performed live for the first time on the Late Show with David Letterman.
While promoting the album, Perry expressed she wanted her upcoming tour to be very visual. On her Twitter account, she stated, "I hope that it's going to engage all of your senses: sight, sound, smell, taste, touch". The California Dreams Tour was officially announced in October 2010 by various media outlets including Perry's official website, in conjunction with the release of her third single, "Firework". In 2011, Perry announced her North American leg during a live chat on social network Facebook. She then responded the tour will be very "super girl power" as vocalists Robyn, Yelle and Marina and the Diamonds will open her shows during the various legs. Perry further stated she will actively participate with fans during the tour on various social networks including Facebook and Twitter. The tour beginning February 20, 2011 on Lisbon, Portugal and the end January 22, 2012 on Pasay, Philippines, the tour visited Europe, Oceania, Asia and the Americas. The tour ranked 16th in Pollstar's "2011 Top 25 Worldwide Tours", earning over $59.5 million. At the conclusion of 2011, the tour ranked 13th on Billboard's annual "Top 25 Tours", earning nearly $50 million with 98 shows. It won an award for Favorite Tour Headliner at the 38th People's Choice Awards. On November 24, 2011, Perry had tweeted that there will be a concert DVD released for the tour.
Singles
"California Gurls" was the lead single from Teenage Dream, which features rapper Snoop Dogg. The single made its radio debut on May 7, 2010 and was digitally released four days later. The song had received generally positive reviews from music critics, with many critics highlighting it as an album favorite. The song also received worldwide success as well, peaking at number one on the US Billboard Hot 100, staying there for six consecutive weeks. It also peaked at number one in New Zealand, United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Ireland, and Scotland. It was the best selling digital song of 2010.
"Teenage Dream" was released as the second single from the album. The song went to radio stations in the US on July 22, 2010. The song received positive reviews from music critics, with Jocelyn Vena of MTV said it "picks up right where 'California Gurls' leaves off", describing it as having "a strong beat". The song had also had chart success as similar to the first single, peaking at number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 for two consecutive weeks, and also peaked at number one in Ireland, New Zealand, Scotland, Slovakia and other sub-charts in the US.
"Firework" was released as the third offering from the album. The song was released on October 18, 2010 through radio airplay, followed by a digital release on November 2, 2010 in the UK. The music video for "Firework" is part of a cross-promotional deal with European telecommunications group Deutsche Telekom. Deutsche Telekom hosted a series of activities and competitions from which fans around Europe were recruited to be in the video. The song had commercial success as well, peaking at number one in the US and spent four non-consecutive weeks. The song also topped the charts in Brazil, Canada, New Zealand and subcharts in the US.
"E.T." was released on February 11, 2011. For its single release, the song was remixed to feature new verses from Kanye West. The music video for the song, directed by Floria Sigismondi, was filmed in February 2011 and features both Perry and West. The video was released on March 31, 2011. The song topped the charts in the US for five non-consecutive weeks, and also peaked at the top position in Canada, Germany, Poland and New Zealand.
"Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)" was released on June 6, 2011 on US Top 40/Mainstream radio as the fifth single from the album. The song received generally mixed reviews from music critics. The song also received commercial success, peaking at number one in Canada, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and the US, topping the Billboard Hot 100 chart for two consecutive weeks. The music video was released worldwide on June 14, 2011. It guest stars Darren Criss, Rebecca Black, Kevin McHale, Kenny G, Hanson, Corey Feldman and Debbie Gibson. A remixed version of "Last Friday Night" was released on August 8, 2011, featuring American rapper Missy Elliott. On August 17, 2011, with "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)", Perry made history as the second artist overall, and first female, to achieve five number one singles on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart from one album. The song also became Perry's fourth number one in Canada.
"The One That Got Away" was released as the sixth single from Teenage Dream. The song was released on October 11, 2011 on US Mainstream radio. The song received mostly positive reviews from most music critics, who complimented Perry's serious tone. A teaser of the music video was also released in early November, and the full music video premiered on November 11, 2011 on The Ellen DeGeneres Show. On November 24, the single entered the top 5 of the Billboard Hot 100, making Teenage Dream one of only 7 albums in US history to have 6 or more top 10 singles. On December 14, it became one in two albums to yield 6 top 4 songs, when it soared to number 4, it later peaked at number 3.
"Hummingbird Heartbeat" was released as the Australian exclusive seventh single on September 17, 2012, months after "Wide Awake" was released. It debuted at number 59 on the Australia Hot 100 Airplay Chart on the issue dated September 24, 2012 before it reached its peak position of 34 the following week.
Promotional singles
"Not Like the Movies" and "Circle the Drain" were released as promotional singles as album previews in the United States.
"Peacock" was released on March 26, 2012 as the third and final promotional single of the album.
Critical reception
Teenage Dream received mixed reviews upon release from music critics. Giving the album 4 out of 5 stars, Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic wrote that "There's no question Perry is smart enough to know every rule in pop but she's not inspired enough to ignore them, almost seeming nervous to break away from the de rigueur lite club beats that easily transition from day to night or the chilly, stainless-steel ballads designed to lose none of their luster on repeat plays." He felt that it contained "accents to her old One of the Boys palette" and distinguished itself through vulgar lyrics. Mikael Wood of Spin gave a mixed review, noting that the album "won't disappoint parents looking for reasons to worry about their kids". Rob Sheffield from Rolling Stone described the album as "heavy on Eighties beats, light on melody, taking a long dip into the Daft Punk filter-disco house sound." Greg Kot of the Chicago Tribune gave a negative review to the album. He criticized the production, calling it "Frankenstein-like", as well as calling Perry's vocals "robotic" and lacking "any elegance or nuance". Matthew Cole of Slant Magazine called it "over-produced bad-girl debauchery", claiming that Perry has "found a way to lower the bar".
The Los Angeles Times gave it three stars, saying, "On 'Teenage Dream,' the songs alternate between weekend-bender celebrations of hedonism and self-help-style affirmations encouraging listeners to get an emotional makeover. Either way, acquisition is the goal: of a great love, a happy hangover, a perfect pair of Daisy Dukes". Leah Greenblatt, writing for Entertainment Weekly, stated, "beneath the fruity outfits and fart jokes, Perry is clearly serious about the business of hit songcraft; that doesn't make Dream nearly cohesive as an album, but it does provide, intermittently, exactly the kind of high-fructose rush she's aiming for." On the album's 10th anniversary, Patrick Gomez of The A.V. Club praised it as "pop perfection", writing that "the magic of the album is that it remains cohesive" and "the heightened emotions of teen love, lust, and self-discovery remain a constant throughout".
Year-end lists
Decade-end lists
Best-of lists
#4 – Rolling Stones 50 Best Songs of 2010 for "Teenage Dream".
#4 – Rolling Stone Brasils Top 25 international songs of the year for "California Gurls".
#25 – Rolling Stone Brasils Top 25 albums international of the year for Teenage Dream.
#71 The Faders 2017 list of "150 More Great Albums Made By Women"
Commercial performance
After its release, Teenage Dream debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart, with a total of 192,000 copies sold in its first week. In the week July 21, 2012, the album jumped from 21 to 2 on the chart (up 417 percent on sales) with sales of 80,000 copies, becoming best sales frame since Christmas of 2010 after being discounted to 99 cents on Amazon. On the week ending March 14, 2015, the album completed 200 weeks in the chart since it debuted on September 11, 2010 making it the 25th album to spend more than 200 weeks or more on the Billboard 200. On the week ending February 12, 2022, the album completed 262 weeks in the chart, making it the 7th album to spend more weeks by female artist on the Billboard 200. Teenage Dream has been certified eight-times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and has sold 3,100,000 copies in United States as of August 2020. The album also debuted at number one on the Canadian Albums Chart, selling a total of 26,000 copies, and was certified Platinum by the Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA).
In Australia, Teenage Dream debuted at number one for a two-week run at the top of the chart. The album was certified triple-Platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), for shipments of 210,000 units. In New Zealand, Teenage Dream debuted at number two, and reached number one after four weeks on the chart. It was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ). As of June 19, 2012, Teenage Dream is the 12th best-selling album of all-time in the country, resulting her as the fifth female to make it on the list (behind Adele, Norah Jones, Shania Twain, and Bic Runga). In the United Kingdom, Teenage Dream debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart, selling more than 54,176 copies. It was certificated 4× Platinum by British Phonographic Industry for shipments of 1,200,000 units. As of February 2017, the album has sold 1.3 million copies in the UK.
In France, Teenage Dream debuted at number 14 on the French Albums Chart and peaked at number 3. The album was certified Platinum by the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique (SNEP). In Mexico, the album debuted and peaked at number 11. The album was certified Gold by (AMPROFON) Association. In Spain, Teenage Dream debuted at number 4 on the Spanish Albums Chart and stayed on the chart for twenty-seven weeks. In Brazil, Teenage Dream peaked at number 4 on the CD – TOP 20 Semanal ABPD. As of July 2013, Teenage Dream has sold 6 million copies worldwide.
Accolades
Legacy and impact
Teenage Dream achieved a multitude of records throughout its run. Perry scored five Billboard Hot 100 number one singles from Teenage Dream, making her the second artist in the chart's 53-year history to amass five number-one singles from one album over its first release after Michael Jackson achieved the feat with his 1987 album Bad. Perry is the first female in history to achieve this milestone. The album is one of only three albums to produce 6 or more top-five singles on the Billboard Hot 100 chart (along with Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 and George Michael's Faith), and the first album to have 7 songs top the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs chart, breaking the previous record set by Beyoncé's I Am... Sasha Fierce and Kristine W's The Power of Music, both with six songs. Perry was able to replicate this success in the United Kingdom, breaking the UK Official Charts Company's record for the most Top 10 singles from one studio album by a female solo artist.
Eight songs from Teenage Dream have topped the Adult Top 40 chart and have topped Mainstream Top 40 chart, both more than any other album in each respective chart's history. Additionally, with 7 chart-toppers from "Waking Up in Vegas", Perry broke the record for the longest streak of number ones on the Mainstream Top 40 set by Lady Gaga's first six singles. The singles also allowed Perry to have an unprecedented 69-week long streak in the Hot 100's top-ten, as well as a 71-week top-ten streak on the Airplay chart. Perry also has the most number-one singles (four) from one album to top the Canadian Hot 100.
Combined, the songs have sold a total of over 35 million copies worldwide aside from the album. Also, the first five singles from the album topped the charts in the United States and attained top-ten positions in more than twenty countries. All five singles also topped the Digital and Airplay charts, making her the first artist ever to have five number-one singles in the Airplay chart. Perry became the only artist to spend over 52 consecutive weeks in the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100, and later heightened this to 69 weeks, with the first five singles from album, breaking the 15-year long previous record held by Ace of Base of 48 weeks with three singles . On the Mainstream Top 40 the album holds the unique record in the chart's history to have four songs from the same album in the top five of "Most weekly plays"; 1. "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)" (12,468), 2. "E.T." (12,361), 3. "California Gurls" (12,159), and 4. "Firework" (11,857).
In a retrospective review of the Teenage Dream, Pitchfork called the album "a crowning achievement, not just of her career but of its style: EDM and disco and pop, bold and belting, entirely processed yet instantly recognizable, robust yet chintzy." uDiscover Music wrote that the album "holds an outsized influence on pop music landscape and the many artists she helped inspire" and that it along with the "Teenage Dream" song "lives on as a nostalgic spectacle that set the course for the pop icon's aesthetic". VH1 called Teenage Dream "the most important pop album of the last 10 years" and added "it surged a blend of silliness into the dance genre that had been dominated by Lady Gaga's Fame Monster edge". In an interview for Apple Music for her album If I Can't Have Love, I Want Power, American singer-songwriter Halsey called Teenage Dream the "perfect pop album", saying: "Anyone who's trying to make a perfect pop album is wasting their time because Katy already did it with Teenage Dream."
Track listing
Notes
signifies a vocal producer
signifies a remixer
Personnel
Adapted from the Teenage Dream liner notes.
Ammo – drums, keyboards, programming, producer (track 8)
Benny Blanco – drums, keyboards, programming, producer (tracks 1, 3)
Dr. Luke – drums (1-3, 7-8), keyboards (1-3, 7-8), programming (1-3, 7-8), producer (1-3, 7, 8), executive producer
Mikkel S. Eriksen – recording engineer (4), producer (5), instrumentation (4-5)
Nicolas Essig – assistant engineer
Fabien Waltmann – synthesizer, music programming (track 10)
Josh Freese – drums (tracks 6, 11)
Charles Malone – guitar (track 6), assistant engineer
Max Martin – drums (1-3, 7-8), keyboards (1-3, 7-8), programming (1-3, 7-8), producer (1-3, 7-8), executive producer
Julio Miranda – guitar (track 6)
Monte Neuble – keyboards (tracks 9, 11)
Tucker Bodine – assistant engineer
Randy Urbanski – engineer
Luis Navarro – assistant engineer
Nick Chahwala – other sounds, guitar (track 6)
Chris "Tek" O'Ryan – recording engineer (tracks 6, 9, 11), guitar engineer
Brent Paschke – guitar (tracks 9, 11)
L. Leon Pendarvis – arranger (track 7), conductor
Katy Perry – vocals (All tracks), piano, guitar, songwriter, producer, executive producer
Lenny Pickett – saxophone (track 2)
Daniel Silvestri – bass guitar, guitar (track 6)
Snoop Dogg – vocals (track 3)
Stargate – producer
Tricky Stewart – keyboards (9, 11), producer, drum programming (6, 9, 11)
Greg Wells – synthesizer (track 10), piano (10, 12), drums (10, 12), programming (10, 12), producer (10, 12)
Will Cotton – photography
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Decade-end charts
Certifications and sales
Release history
References
Notes
Grein, Paul (March 16, 2011). "Week Ending March 13, 2011: Spears' Second Act". Chart Watch. Yahoo! Music. Retrieved March 16, 2011.
2010 albums
Albums produced by Benny Blanco
Albums produced by Dr. Luke
Albums produced by Greg Wells
Albums produced by Jon Brion
Albums produced by Max Martin
Albums produced by Stargate
Albums produced by Tricky Stewart
Capitol Records albums
Katy Perry albums
Albums produced by Kuk Harrell
Juno Award for International Album of the Year albums
Pop albums by American artists
Rock albums by American artists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20submissions%20to%20the%2094th%20Academy%20Awards%20for%20Best%20International%20Feature%20Film
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List of submissions to the 94th Academy Awards for Best International Feature Film
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This is a list of submissions to the 94th Academy Awards for the Best International Feature Film. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) has invited the film industries of various countries to submit their best film for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film every year since the award was created in 1956. The award is presented annually by the Academy to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue. The International Feature Film Award Committee oversees the process and reviews all the submitted films. The category was previously called the Best Foreign Language Film, but this was changed in April 2019 to Best International Feature Film, after the Academy deemed the word "Foreign" to be outdated.
For the 94th Academy Awards, the submitted motion pictures must be first released theatrically in their respective countries between 1 January 2021 and 31 December 2021. The deadline for submissions to the Academy was 1 November 2021, with a total of 93 countries submitting a film. Somalia submitted a film for the first time, with Algeria, Bhutan, and Uzbekistan all resubmitting their films disqualified from last year's list. On 6 December 2021, the Academy confirmed the list of the 93 eligible films. Jordan withdrew their film on 9 December 2021, leaving 92 eligible entries.
The shortlist of fifteen finalists was announced on 21 December 2021. The final five nominees were announced on 8 February 2022.
Submissions
Notes
The Oscar Selection Committees for Ghana, Nepal, and Pakistan all invited filmmakers to make submissions, but no films were sent. Nigeria announced they would not enter for lack of eligible submissions.
The Jordanian film Amira was withdrawn by the Royal Film Commission due to controversy surrounding the film's subject matter. The film, which centers on a Palestinian girl who learns her real father was an Israeli prison guard rather than a Palestinian prisoner, was criticised by prisoners' rights organisations and withdrawn "out of respect to the feelings of the prisoners and their families."
Lithuania initially reported that The Jump by Giedrė Žickytė was their selection, but Isaac by Jurgis Matulevičius was ultimately submitted.
Namibia formed an approved Oscar Selection Committee for the first time, but made no submission.
The Directors' Guild of the Philippines, Inc. publicly expressed "great disappointment" that the Film Academy of the Philippines made no submission. The guild noted the eligible titles Fan Girl by Antoinette Jadaone, Hayop Ka! by Avid Liongoren, On the Job: The Missing 8 by Erik Matti and Tagpuan by MacArthur Alejandre.
References
External links
Official website of the Academy Awards
2021 in film
Academy Awards
94
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel%20Halton
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Immanuel Halton
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Immanuel Halton (1628–1699) was an English astronomer and mathematician, an associate of John Flamsteed.
Life
He was born at Greystoke in Cumberland on 21 April 1628, the eldest son of Miles Halton of Greenthwaite Hall; Timothy Halton has been identified as probably a younger brother. Halton was educated at Blencowe grammar school in Cumberland, became a student at Gray's Inn, and then entered the service of Thomas Howard, 23rd Earl of Arundel. He transacted on his behalf affairs of importance in Holland, and on his return to England accepted and kept for twenty years the post of auditor of his household, involving duties connected with commissions and arbitrations.
In 1660 the successor of his patron made him a grant of part of the manor of Shirland in Derbyshire; he came to reside at Wingfield Manor in the same county early in 1666, and purchased some of the adjacent lands from the Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk on 28 May 1678. Halton put up sundials at Wingfield Manor; and a letter written from Gray's Inn in May 1650, describing a dial of his own invention, was published in the appendix to Samuel Foster's Miscellanea, London, 1659. Halton made several alterations and improvements in Wingfield Manor, and repaired the damage inflicted upon it by the Civil War. It remained in his family until the nineteenth century.
Having heard of Flamsteed's astronomical proficiency, Halton called to see him at Derby in 1666, and afterwards sent him Giovanni Battista Riccioli's New Almagest, Johannes Kepler's Rudolphine Tables, and other books on astronomy. Flamsteed calles him a good algebraist. Halton's observations at Wingfield on the solar eclipse of 23 June 1675 were communicated to the Royal Society by Flamsteed. In a letter to John Collins of 20 February 1673 Flamsteed mentioned that Halton was then translating Gerard Kinkhuysen's Moon-Wiser into English for him. A little later he speaks of observing with his quadrants, and on 27 December 1673 told Collins that 'lately, in discourse with Mr. Halton, he was pleased to show me a straight-lined projection for finding the hour by inspection, the sun's declination and height being given'.
He married Mary, daughter of John Newton of Oakerthorpe in Derbyshire, and had by her three sons, two of whom left children. He died in 1699, aged 72, and was buried in All Saints' Church, South Wingfield.
Notes
References
1628 births
1699 deaths
17th-century English astronomers
17th-century English mathematicians
People from Greystoke, Cumbria
People from Amber Valley
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22474808
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuha%20%28deity%29
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Nuha (deity)
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Nuha is a deity that was worshipped among the Northern Arabian tribes in pre-Islamic Arabia. Associated with the sun, she formed part of a trinity of gods, along with Ruda and Atarsamain. In Southern Arabia, Shams was her equivalent.
Meaning
Nuha, from the triconsonantal Semitic root N-H-Y, may mean "the ultimate". An early Akkadian inscription from the annals of the kings of Assyria mention Nuha with the epithet "the elevated sun". While this reference can be read literally to mean that Nuha was associated with the sun, it can also be read metaphorically as a reference to special kind of wisdom.
Worship
Dierk Lange writes that Nuha formed part of a trinity of gods worshipped by what he calls the Yumu'il confederation, which he describes as a northern Arab tribal confederation of Ishmaelite ancestry headed by the "clan of Kedar" (Qedarites). According to Lange, Nuha was the sun deity, Ruda the moon deity, and Atarsamain the main deity was associated with Venus.
A trinity of gods representing the sun, moon and Venus is also found among the peoples of the South Arabian kingdoms of Awsan, Ma'in, Qataban and Hadramawt between the 9th and 4th centuries BC. There, the deity associated with Venus was Astarte, the sun deity was Yam, and moon deity was variously called Wadd, Amm and Sin.
Inscriptions
Inscriptions in a North Arabian dialect in the region of Najd referring to Nuha describe emotions as a gift from her and the other gods. For example, one reads, "by Nuha is the flying into a rage", while another reads, "by Nuha is the jealousy of a lover". Other inscriptions indicate that all things good and bad were thought to come from the gods, such as in the inscription".
References
Bibliography
Arab history
Arabian goddesses
Solar goddesses
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Kosok
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Paul Kosok
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Paul August Kosok (21 April 1896 – 1959), was an American professor in history and government, who is credited as the first serious researcher of the Nazca Lines in Peru. His work on the lines started in 1939, when he was doing field study related to the irrigation systems of ancient cultures. By the 1950s, he had completed extensive mapping of more than 300 ancient canals in Peru, in collaboration with archeologist Richard P. Schaedel. Kosok demonstrated the culture's sophisticated management of water to support their settlements.
Observing the Nazca Lines, he recognized that some patterns represented living creatures, and some lines related to astronomical events. His study of archeo-astronomy aspects contributed to the recognition of the lines as an important archeological resource, which Peru has protected. The Nazca Lines were designated in 1994 as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Early life and education
Kosok was born in Long Island City, New York, the son of August and Maria Kosok, immigrants from Germany. He attended public schools before going to college. He earned a doctorate in history.
Academic career
Kosok began as an assistant professor of history at Long Island University (LIU) in Brooklyn, where he taught several courses in history. His work, Modern Germany: A Study of Conflicting Loyalties, (1933), was written before the Nazis came to power and published by the University of Chicago Press as part of its "Studies of the Making of Citizens". One reviewer describe this as a "series on civic training in various countries and systems". Kosok's book was used by the State Department and others in training and preparing individuals for foreign service. It was reprinted in 1969.
As part of his education, Kosok studied and traveled in Europe in 1928 and in 1937. His early teaching at LIU included classes in the history of science.
In the 1930s, Kosok became interested in irrigation systems of ancient cultures, and their relation to patterns of settlement.<ref name="Murra">[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/aa.1966.68.5.02a00590/pdf John V. Murra, "Review: 'Life, Land and Water in Ancient Peru, by Paul Kosok"], American Anthropologist, Volume 68, Issue 5, accessed 28 January 2012</ref> He devoted most of the next twenty years of research to that topic, during which he collaborated with the archeologist Richard P. Schaedel. For instance, together they identified and mapped more than 300 ancient canals of prehistoric Peru, and found that the people had built highly sophisticated systems for shifting water from one valley to another.
Kosok did field studies in Peru in 1940-1941 and 1948-1949, becoming more involved in anthropology as a result of this direction of research. He went to Peru to study the ancient canal systems, "reconstruct the maximum areas of pre-Columbian cultivation, and assess the relation of irrigation to settlement patterns".
He soon realized that the Nazca Lines were too shallow to have acted as part of the irrigation system. On a flight over them, Kosok realized that one pattern represented a bird. He also noticed that some of the lines converged on that date of the winter solstice in the Southern Hemisphere. This inspired his study of the lines to assess if they were related to astronomy, as he knew that solar events were closely followed by ancient agricultural societies for their planting cycles.
Following his field studies on the irrigation systems, Kosok planned two volumes: one of general interest and one more technical. He was working on the general interest book on the irrigation of ancient cultures when he died in 1959; it was published posthumously in 1965 with the support of Schaedel. His manuscript for a scholarly text needed work that was to be undertaken by the University of Texas. Kosok's book included extensive mapping of canals through numerous valleys and innovative use of aerial photography. His work was praised posthumously as a "program of research about the significance of irrigation on the North Coast of Peru to both Andean and cross-cultural studies, a source-book of ideas and hypotheses for generations of field workers".
Beginning in 1940, Kosok was aided in Peru by Maria Reiche, a German translator and mathematician from Lima. She spoke five languages and aided in mapping the lines, as well as assessing how the massive figures might have been scaled up from smaller drawings or patterns. After Kosok left Peru in 1949, Reiche continued to study the Nazca Lines, soon mapping 18 more figures. She worked for the rest of her life to preserve the Nazca Lines and have them recognized until her own death in 1998 in Peru. In 1994 they were designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
A musician, Kosok also conducted the Brooklyn Philharmonic at the Brooklyn Academy of Music. Inspired by his travels in Peru, he composed The Andean Rhapsody. He conducted its premiere by the Brooklyn Philharmonic.
Dr. Kosok became chairman of the Department of History and Government at Long Island University, located in Brooklyn, New York. He was a respected scholar in history, anthropology, music and mathematics.
Marriage and family
Kosok married Rose Wyler. She traveled and worked with him in Peru in 1941 when he was doing field studies there. Of their children, their son Michael accompanied his parents to Peru in 1948–49.
WorksModern Germany: A Study of Conflicting Loyalties, University of Chicago Pres, 1933; reprint, Russell & Russell, 1969
"El Valle de Lambayeque" (Segundo Congreso de Hislmia del Perz2, tom0 1, 1959Life, Land, and Water in Ancient Peru'' (1965), Long Island University Press (includes photographs by Kosok)
References
External links
"The Nazca Lines", Peru Cultural Society
1959 deaths
20th-century American historians
20th-century American male writers
American anthropologists
People from Long Island City, Queens
1896 births
Historians from New York (state)
Long Island University faculty
20th-century anthropologists
American male non-fiction writers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judgment%20Day%20%282005%29
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Judgment Day (2005)
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The 2005 Judgment Day was the seventh Judgment Day professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held exclusively for wrestlers from the promotion's SmackDown! brand division. The event took place on May 22, 2005, at the Target Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
The main event was an "I Quit" match featuring two wrestlers fighting until one stated "I Quit." WWE Champion John Cena defeated John "Bradshaw" Layfield (JBL) to retain his championship. Two featured bouts were scheduled on the undercard. In respective standard wrestling matches, Rey Mysterio defeated Eddie Guerrero and Booker T defeated Kurt Angle.
Judgment Day grossed over $500,000 in ticket sales from an attendance of 9,500, and received 220,000 pay-per-view buys. This event helped WWE increase its pay-per-view revenue by $4.7 million compared to the previous year.
Production
Background
Judgment Day was first held by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) as the 25th In Your House pay-per-view (PPV) in October 1998. It then returned in May 2000 as its own event, establishing Judgment Day as the promotion's annual May PPV. The 2005 event was the seventh event in the Judgment Day chronology and was held on May 22 at the Target Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Like the previous year's event, it featured wrestlers exclusively from the SmackDown! brand.
Storylines
The event featured seven professional wrestling matches that involved different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds, plots and storylines. Wrestlers portrayed either a villainous or fan favorite gimmick as they followed a series of events which generally built tension, leading to a wrestling match. The name of a wrestler's character was not always the person's birth name, as wrestlers often use a stage name to portray their character. All wrestlers were from the SmackDown! brand – a storyline division in which WWE assigned its employees to a different program, the other being Raw.
The main event at Judgment Day was between John Cena and John "Bradshaw" Layfield (JBL) over the WWE Championship in an "I Quit" match. The previous month at WrestleMania 21, Cena defeated JBL to win the WWE Championship. On the April 7 episode of SmackDown!, SmackDown! General Manager Theodore Long scheduled a series of number one contenders matches, after JBL, Eddie Guerrero, Rey Mysterio, The Big Show, Booker T, and Kurt Angle all demanded a WWE Championship match. The first match that Long announced was between JBL and Rey Mysterio. Mysterio was disqualified, after Eddie Guerrero interfered and attacked JBL, resulting in JBL winning the match. The following week on SmackDown!, Guerrero and Kurt Angle were scheduled for the second contender's match. Angle advanced to the finals, as he went on to defeat Guerrero. Later during the program, Cena unveiled a spinner version of the WWE championship. Before the unveiling, however, JBL came out wearing the original WWE championship. On the April 21 episode of SmackDown!, Booker T and Big Show were booked in another contenders match. After the match ended in a double disqualification, Long booked JBL, Angle, Booker T, and Big Show in a Fatal Four-Way match for the following week. JBL won the match, after he pinned Angle and having the right to face Cena at Judgment Day for the WWE Championship. On the May 5 episode of SmackDown!, Cena proposed that he would defend the championship against JBL in an "I Quit" match. Two weeks later, on the May 19 episode of SmackDown!, JBL faced Scotty 2 Hotty, which Scotty won after JBL was disqualified. After the match, however, JBL attacked Scotty and demanded that he say "I quit." JBL further the assault, choking him with a leather belt, Scotty said "I quit." That same night, Cena defeated The Basham Brothers (Doug Basham and Danny Basham) in a handicap match. During the duration of the match, JBL, who was at ringside, yelled at Cena, telling him to say "I quit."
One of the featured preliminary matches was Rey Mysterio versus Eddie Guerrero in a singles match. One month prior to Judgment Day, at WrestleMania 21, Mysterio defeated Guerrero. In the weeks that followed, Guerrero and Mysterio were challenged by MNM (Joey Mercury, Johnny Nitro, and Melina) to defend the WWE Tag Team Championship, which Guerrero and Mysterio accepted. MNM defeated Guerrero and Mysterio to win the WWE Tag Team Championship. On the April 28 episode of SmackDown!, Guerrero and Mysterio were given a rematch for the WWE Tag Team Championship. During the match, however, Mysterio accidentally performed a flying body press on Guerrero which led to Guerrero abandoning Mysterio, but returned as the fans urged Guerrero to come back. MNM retained the belt after pinning Mysterio for the win. The following week, Theodore Long booked a Street Fight between Mysterio and Guerrero's nephew, Chavo Guerrero. Mysterio came out as the winner of the match. After the match (which Mysterio won), Chavo, Mercury, and Nitro attacked Mysterio, which prompted Guerrero to come out and clear the ring. Guerrero, however, attacked Mysterio. The assault led to Guerrero lifting Mysterio off the ground and driving Mysterio's back on the ring steps. This angle saw Guerrero turn into a villain. As a result, the following week, Long promoted a match between Guerrero and Mysterio at Judgment Day.
The other featured preliminary match was Kurt Angle versus Booker T in a singles match. On the April 28 episode of SmackDown!, Angle, Booker T, Big Show and JBL took part in a Fatal four-way match to determine the number one contender for the WWE Championship, which JBL won. During the match, Angle hit Booker T with a steel chair to eliminate him. Booker came back and hit Angle with a chair to cause him to be eliminated. The following week, Angle challenged Booker T to a match at Judgment Day, which Booker accepted. Prior to that, Angle had insulted Booker T's wife, Sharmell, which led to Booker T attacking and accepting Angle's challenge. On the May 12 episode of SmackDown!, Angle admitted he would like to have "perverted sex" with Sharmell. That same night, Angle and Booker T were scheduled in a match, which led to Angle leaving the ring and going backstage to Sharmell. Booker T went backstage and found Sharmell on the floor crying. This led to Angle attacking Booker T from behind and pushing him towards a pair of steel lockers. The following week, Long suspended Angle and demanded that Angle apologize for his actions. Angle apologized, but admitted that he actually kissed Sharmell and let her fondle his "private parts" before Booker T made his way to the locker room. Booker T, while watching the interview kicked a television monitor down and broke it.
#1 contender tournament bracket
Event
Before the Judgment Day event aired live on pay-per-view, Nunzio defeated Akio in a match that aired on Sunday Night Heat.
Preliminary matches
After Sunday Night Heat, the pay-per-view began with a tag team match where MNM (Joey Mercury and Johnny Nitro) (with Melina) defended the WWE Tag Team Championship against the team of Hardcore Holly and Charlie Haas. The match started off with Nitro and Haas in the ring. Haas took the advantage in the match and was able to tag in Holly. There was back and forth action between the two teams, as all of the superstars were able to participate in the match. After a Snapshot to Haas, Mercury pinned Haas, which resulted in MNM retaining the tag team titles.
The second wrestling match on the pay-per-view was The Big Show versus Carlito, who was accompanied by Matt Morgan. For the duration of the match, Big Show used his body size to his advantage as he squashed, or easily and quickly performed moves on Carlito. The momentum changed, when Carlito gained control part way through the match. In the end, Big Show accidentally whipped Carlito into the referee. This saw Carlito hit a low blow on Big Show. Carlito won the match and gained the successful pinfall after Morgan delivered an F-5 to Big Show.
The next match was a standard match for the WWE Cruiserweight Championship, in which Paul London defended the title against Chavo Guerrero. After back and forth action between the two, London was able to perform a 450° splash. London then pinned Guerrero to retain the WWE Cruiserweight title.
The final preliminary match was Kurt Angle versus Booker T. After Booker T backed Angle into the ring ropes and executed a shoulder charge, Angle began to bleed from the mouth. The match saw exchange offense from both Angle and Booker T. The match came to an end when Angle attempted an Angle Slam, but Booker T grabbed Angle's leg and rolled him into a pinfall victory.
Main event matches
The first featured match was for the WWE United States Championship, where Orlando Jordan defended the title against Heidenreich. As the match began, Jordan was able to perform a dropkick, sending Heidenreich through the ropes to the outside. Heidenreich, however, would gain the advantage after countering Jordan's attack from the top rope into a suplex. Afterwards, Jordan delivered a DDT and pinned Heidenreich to retain the United States title.
The next match was Eddie Guerrero versus Rey Mysterio in a standard match. In the match, Mysterio tried to counter Guerrero's offense, but Guerrero blocked all of Mysterio's attempts. Mysterio gained the advantage when he was able to execute a flying headbutt to Guerrero. Chavo ran down to the ring to distract the referee, as Eddie grabbed a chair. Guerrero then attempted to hit Mysterio with the chair, but Mysterio dodged it with a low dropkick and performed another low dropkick, setting up Guerrero on the ropes for a 619. Mysterio won after Guerrero was disqualified for attacking him with a steel chair.
The main event was the "I Quit" match for the WWE Championship, in which John Cena defended his title against JBL. Cena came out on the flatbed of a semi truck with a DJ on a turntable mixing his theme song. During the match, both Cena and JBL were able to get in offense. Cena performed a Back Body Drop through an announce table on JBL. Shortly after, JBL struck Cena with a steel chair which caused Cena to bleed from his forehead. JBL performed a Clothesline from Hell on Cena, who later performed an FU on JBL. Later in the match, in the ramp area, Cena threw JBL through a television monitor, causing JBL to bleed. JBL quit as Cena prepared to attacked him with an exhaust pipe, which was from the semi truck, meaning Cena retained the WWE Championship. After the match, Cena struck JBL with the exhaust pipe, causing him to fall through a glass panel that was part of the entrance stage.
Reception
The Target Center had a maximum capacity of 20,000, which was reduced for the event. This event grossed over $500,000 from an approximate attendance of 9,500, the maximum allowed. It also received 220,000 pay-per-view buys. Judgment Day helped WWE earn $21.6 million in revenue from pay-per-view events versus $16.9 million the previous year, which was later confirmed by Linda McMahon on September 7, 2005 in a quarterly result. Canadian Online Explorer's professional wrestling section rated the event a 5 out of 10 stars. The rating was lower than the Judgment Day event in 2006, which was said to be an entertaining pay-per-view to watch. The "I Quit" match between John Cena and JBL was rated an eight out of 10 stars. Additionally, the match between Orlando Jordan and Heidenreich was rated a 4 out of 10 stars.
The event was released on DVD on June 21, 2005 by Sony Music Entertainment.
Aftermath
On the June 6 episode of Raw, one of WWE's primary television programs, John Cena's SmackDown! tenure came to an end when he became the first wrestler selected by Raw General Manager Eric Bischoff in the draft lottery, a mock sports draft lottery in which wrestlers switched programs. Cena immediately entered a staged rivalry with Eric Bischoff after when he refused to participate in Bischoff's "war" against the upcoming Extreme Championship Wrestling reunion show. Cena went on to resume his feud with Christian, as they had an encounter at the Royal Rumble in January. During the feud, Chris Jericho was involved as well, as he protested Bischoff's actions of scheduling a WWE championship match between Cena and Christian at Vengeance. After defeating Christian and Tyson Tomko in a tag team match, Jericho betrayed Cena. Convinced with the outcome of the events, Bischoff changed the original match between Christian and Cena to a Triple Threat Match, involving Jericho for the WWE Championship at Vengeance. At the event, Cena retained the WWE Championship.
On the June 30 episode of SmackDown!, a match between six wrestlers for a new top-tier SmackDown! championship was held. JBL, one of the participants, was victorious in the match, but Theodore Long announced that he was still not the champion. Instead he had won the right to a match against the World Heavyweight champion, Batista, who was SmackDown!'s final 2005 draft pick, making the World Heavyweight Championship exclusive to SmackDown!. The following week, it was announced Batista would meet JBL at The Great American Bash with the World Heavyweight championship on the line. At the Great American Bash, Batista was disqualified for attacking JBL with a chair and JBL was declared the winner. In WWE, a title cannot be won by disqualification, but only by pinfall or submission (the normal scoring conditions in professional wrestling matches). As a result, Batista retained the title.
On the June 13 episode of Raw, Kurt Angle's tenure with SmackDown! came to an end, as he was also drafted to the Raw brand. There, he immediately continued his feud with Shawn Michaels. At the start of the year, Angle and Michaels both participated in the Royal Rumble match at the January pay-per-view event. During the match, Michaels eliminated Angle. In retaliation, Angle returned to the match and eliminated Michaels and then attacked him outside the ring. The two engaged in a feud, which led to an Interpromotional match at WrestleMania 21, as Angle was part of the SmackDown! roster and Michaels belonged to the Raw roster. At WrestleMania 21, Angle got the win over Michaels by forcing him to submit to an ankle lock submission hold. The same evening Angle was drafted, Michaels challenged Angle to a WrestleMania 21 rematch at Vengeance, in which Angle accepted. At Vengeance, the rematch saw Michaels defeat Angle.
The angle between Eddie Guerrero and Rey Mysterio continued. On an episode of SmackDown!, Guerrero threatened to reveal a secret concerning Mysterio's son Dominik. This led the families of both Guerrero and Mysterio pleading with Guerrero not to reveal the secret. At the Great American Bash, Mysterio defeated Guerrero in a match where if Guerrero lost, he could not reveal the secret. On the July 28 episode of SmackDown!, Guerrero, however, revealed the secret, claiming he was Dominick's scripted biological father. The storyline also went on that Guerrero knew Mysterio was having trouble starting his own family, so Guerrero left Dominick to be raised by Mysterio's family. In subsequent weeks, Guerrero threatened to take custody of Dominick, drawing up custody papers and having his lawyer present them to Mysterio. This led to a Ladder match, a match where the objective was to climb a ladder and reach an object hanging above the ring, between the two for the custody of Dominick at SummerSlam, which Mysterio won.
Results
Notes
References
(2005). Judgment Day [DVD]. World Wrestling Entertainment.
External links
Official Judgment Day 2005 Website
2005
2005 in Minnesota
Events in Minneapolis
Professional wrestling in Minneapolis
2005 WWE pay-per-view events
May 2005 events in the United States
WWE SmackDown
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18007156
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1933%20U.S.%20Open%20%28golf%29
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1933 U.S. Open (golf)
|
The 1933 U.S. Open was the 37th U.S. Open, held June 8–10 at North Shore Country Club in Glenview, Illinois, a suburb northwest of Chicago. Amateur Johnny Goodman outlasted Ralph Guldahl by a single stroke to win his only major championship.
Goodman's victory was the eighth and most recent by an amateur at the U.S. Open; Bobby Jones won four, the last in 1930 was part of his grand slam.
Goodman, an Omaha insurance salesman, opened with a 75 (+3), which put him seven strokes off the lead held by 1927 champion Tommy Armour. His second round was one for the record books, as he tied Gene Sarazen's tournament record with a 66 (−6). Following a third round 70 in which he needed just 28 putts, Goodman had a six-stroke lead over Guldahl.
After opening the final round with a par, eagle, and birdie, Goodman's play suddenly declined as he shot six over par for the next six holes; the lead was reduced to two strokes at the turn. Goodman bounced back and recorded four consecutive pars, then bogeyed 14, birdied 15, and bogeyed 17. A par at the last gave him a 76 and a 287 total. At the final hole, Guldahl found a greenside bunker and missed the putt to save par that would have forced a Sunday playoff. Brothers Mortie and Olin Dutra of California placed in the top ten at sixth and seventh, respectively. Olin won the title the next year at Merion, near Philadelphia.
A number of amateurs came close to winning majors in the generation after Goodman's victory. Frank Stranahan tied for second at the 1947 Open Championship and 1953 Open Championship. Ken Venturi, age 24, led the Masters in 1956 for the first three rounds but finished runner-up by a stroke. At the 1960 U.S. Open 20-year-old Jack Nicklaus of Ohio State led midway through the final round and finished runner-up, two strokes back. The final runner-up finish for an amateur was at the 1961 Masters Tournament when Charles Coe tied for second with Arnold Palmer. However Goodman was the last amateur to ever win a major championship. The most recent top ten finish at the U.S. Open by an amateur was in 1971 when 54-hole leader Jim Simons of Wake Forest placed fifth.
Goodman's only other top ten finish at the U.S. Open was in 1937, in eighth place as low amateur; he won the U.S. Amateur championship later that year.
Past champions in the field
Made the cut
Source:
Missed the cut
Source:
Round summaries
First round
Thursday, June 8, 1933
Source:
Second round
Friday, June 9, 1933
Source:
Third round
Saturday, June 10, 1933 (morning)
Source:
Final round
Saturday, June 10, 1933 (afternoon)
Source:
(a) denotes amateur
Scorecard
Final round
Cumulative tournament scores, relative to par
{|class="wikitable" span = 50 style="font-size:85%;
|-
|style="background: Red;" width=10|
|Eagle
|style="background: Pink;" width=10|
|Birdie
|style="background: PaleGreen;" width=10|
|Bogey
|style="background: Green;" width=10|
|Double bogey
|}
Source:
References
External links
About.com – 1933 U.S. Open
USGA Championship Database
USOpen.com - 1933
U.S. Open (golf)
Golf in Illinois
Glenview, Illinois
U.S. Open
U.S. Open
U.S. Open
U.S. Open
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23242342
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ot%20of%20Urgell
|
Ot of Urgell
|
Saint Odo of Urgell () (c. 1065 – 1122) was a bishop of Urgell, noted for his care for the poor. He was from the family of the counts of Pallars Sobirà. He is buried in the monastery of Santa Maria de Gerri. In 1133 his successor declared him to be a saint, and he is venerated as such today. Odo is one of the patron saints of the town of La Seu d'Urgell. His feast day is July 7.
References
External links
Catholic.org - Saint Odo of Urgell
1060s births
1122 deaths
Catalan Roman Catholic saints
Bishops of Urgell
Medieval Spanish saints
People from Pallars Sobirà
11th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Spain
12th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Spain
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25803072
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BDAm
|
ʽAm
|
ʽAm () is the Biblical Hebrew for "people, nation, tribe". It may refer to:
The Jewish people
another people or nation, usually in plural (ʽamim, ); see goyim
ʽAm haʼaretz "common people, pagans"
Any of the Tribes of Israel
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43140356
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AprizeSat
|
AprizeSat
|
AprizeSat is an American micro-satellite platform for low Earth orbit communications satellites. It is marketed as a low-cost solution, with a claimed cost of per satellite for a 24-to-48-satellite constellation. , twelve spacecraft based on the Aprize bus have been launched.
Launch history
References
External links
SpaceQuest Microsatellite Bus at SpaceQuest.com
Satellites of the United States
Satellite buses
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658183
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process%20control
|
Process control
|
An industrial process control in continuous production processes is a discipline that uses industrial control systems to achieve a production level of consistency, economy and safety which could not be achieved purely by human manual control. It is implemented widely in industries such as automotive, mining, dredging, oil refining, pulp and paper manufacturing, chemical processing and power generating plants.
There is a wide range of size, type and complexity, but it enables a small number of operators to manage complex processes to a high degree of consistency. The development of large industrial process control systems was instrumental in enabling the design of large high volume and complex processes, which could not be otherwise economically or safely operated.
The applications can range from controlling the temperature and level of a single process vessel, to a complete chemical processing plant with several thousand control loops.
History
Early process control breakthroughs came most frequently in the form of water control devices. Ktesibios of Alexandria is credited for inventing float valves to regulate water level of water clocks in the 3rd Century BC. In the 1st Century AD, Heron of Alexandria invented a water valve similar to the fill valve used in modern toilets.
Later process controls inventions involved basic physics principles. In 1620, Cornlis Drebbel invented a bimetallic thermostat for controlling the temperature in a furnace. In 1681, Denis Papin discovered the pressure inside a vessel could be regulated by placing weights on top of the vessel lid. In 1745, Edmund Lee created the fantail to improve windmill efficiency; a fantail was a smaller windmill placed 90° of the larger fans to keep the face of the windmill pointed directly into the oncoming wind.
With the dawn of the Industrial Revolution in the 1760s, process controls inventions were aimed to replace human operators with mechanized processes. In 1784, Oliver Evans created a water-powered flourmill which operated using buckets and screw conveyors. Henry Ford applied the same theory in 1910 when the assembly line was created to decrease human intervention in the automobile production process.
For continuously variable process control it was not until 1922 that a formal control law for what we now call PID control or three-term control was first developed using theoretical analysis, by Russian American engineer Nicolas Minorsky. Minorsky was researching and designing automatic ship steering for the US Navy and based his analysis on observations of a helmsman. He noted the helmsman steered the ship based not only on the current course error, but also on past error, as well as the current rate of change; this was then given a mathematical treatment by Minorsky.
His goal was stability, not general control, which simplified the problem significantly. While proportional control provided stability against small disturbances, it was insufficient for dealing with a steady disturbance, notably a stiff gale (due to steady-state error), which required adding the integral term. Finally, the derivative term was added to improve stability and control.
Development of modern process control operations
Process control of large industrial plants has evolved through many stages. Initially, control would be from panels local to the process plant. However this required a large manpower resource to attend to these dispersed panels, and there was no overall view of the process. The next logical development was the transmission of all plant measurements to a permanently-manned central control room. Effectively this was the centralisation of all the localised panels, with the advantages of lower manning levels and easier overview of the process. Often the controllers were behind the control room panels, and all automatic and manual control outputs were transmitted back to plant. However, whilst providing a central control focus, this arrangement was inflexible as each control loop had its own controller hardware, and continual operator movement within the control room was required to view different parts of the process.
With the coming of electronic processors and graphic displays it became possible to replace these discrete controllers with computer-based algorithms, hosted on a network of input/output racks with their own control processors. These could be distributed around plant, and communicate with the graphic display in the control room or rooms. The distributed control system was born.
The introduction of DCSs allowed easy interconnection and re-configuration of plant controls such as cascaded loops and interlocks, and easy interfacing with other production computer systems. It enabled sophisticated alarm handling, introduced automatic event logging, removed the need for physical records such as chart recorders, allowed the control racks to be networked and thereby located locally to plant to reduce cabling runs, and provided high level overviews of plant status and production levels.
Hierarchy
The accompanying diagram is a general model which shows functional manufacturing levels in a large process using processor and computer-based control.
Referring to the diagram: Level 0 contains the field devices such as flow and temperature sensors (process value readings - PV), and final control elements (FCE), such as control valves; Level 1 contains the industrialised Input/Output (I/O) modules, and their associated distributed electronic processors; Level 2 contains the supervisory computers, which collate information from processor nodes on the system, and provide the operator control screens; Level 3 is the production control level, which does not directly control the process, but is concerned with monitoring production and monitoring targets; Level 4 is the production scheduling level.
Control model
To determine the fundamental model for any process, the inputs and outputs of the system are defined differently than for other chemical processes. The balance equations are defined by the control inputs and outputs rather than the material inputs. The control model is a set of equations used to predict the behavior of a system and can help determine what the response to change will be. The state variable (x) is a measurable variable that is a good indicator of the state of the system, such as temperature (energy balance), volume (mass balance) or concentration (component balance). Input variable (u) is a specified variable that commonly include flow rates.
It is important to note that the entering and exiting flows are both considered control inputs. The control input can be classified as a manipulated, disturbance, or unmonitored variable. Parameters (p) are usually a physical limitation and something that is fixed for the system, such as the vessel volume or the viscosity of the material. Output (y) is the metric used to determine the behavior of the system. The control output can be classified as measured, unmeasured, or unmonitored.
Types
Processes can be characterized as batch, continuous, or hybrid. Batch applications require that specific quantities of raw materials be combined in specific ways for particular duration to produce an intermediate or end result. One example is the production of adhesives and glues, which normally require the mixing of raw materials in a heated vessel for a period of time to form a quantity of end product. Other important examples are the production of food, beverages and medicine. Batch processes are generally used to produce a relatively low to intermediate quantity of product per year (a few pounds to millions of pounds).
A continuous physical system is represented through variables that are smooth and uninterrupted in time. The control of the water temperature in a heating jacket, for example, is an example of continuous process control. Some important continuous processes are the production of fuels, chemicals and plastics. Continuous processes in manufacturing are used to produce very large quantities of product per year (millions to billions of pounds). Such controls use feedback such as in the PID controller A PID Controller includes proportional, integrating, and derivative controller functions.
Applications having elements of batch and continuous process control are often called hybrid applications.
Control loops
The fundamental building block of any industrial control system is the control loop, which controls just one process variable. An example is shown in the accompanying diagram, where the flow rate in a pipe is controlled by a PID controller, assisted by what is effectively a cascaded loop in the form of a valve servo-controller to ensure correct valve positioning.
Some large systems may have several hundreds or thousands of control loops. In complex processes the loops are interactive, so that the operation of one loop may affect the operation of another. The system diagram for representing control loops is a Piping and instrumentation diagram.
Commonly used control systems include programmable logic controller (PLC), Distributed Control System (DCS) or SCADA.
A further example is shown. If a control valve were used to hold level in a tank, the level controller would compare the equivalent reading of a level sensor to the level setpoint and determine whether more or less valve opening was necessary to keep the level constant. A cascaded flow controller could then calculate the change in the valve position.
Economic advantages
The economic nature of many products manufactured in batch and continuous processes require highly efficient operation due to thin margins. The competing factor in process control is that products must meet certain specifications in order to be satisfactory. These specifications can come in two forms: a minimum and maximum for a property of the material or product, or a range within which the property must be. All loops are susceptible to disturbances and therefore a buffer must be used on process set points to ensure disturbances do not cause the material or product to go out of specifications. This buffer comes at an economic cost (i.e. additional processing, maintaining elevated or depressed process conditions, etc.).
Process efficiency can be enhanced by reducing the margins necessary to ensure product specifications are met. This can be done by improving the control of the process to minimize the effect of disturbances on the process. The efficiency is improved in a two step method of narrowing the variance and shifting the target. Margins can be narrowed through various process upgrades (i.e. equipment upgrades, enhanced control methods, etc.). Once margins are narrowed, an economic analysis can be done on the process to determine how the set point target is to be shifted. Less conservative process set points lead to increased economic efficiency. Effective process control strategies increase the competitive advantage of manufacturers who employ them.
See also
References
Further reading
External links
A Complete Guide to Statistical Process Control
The Michigan Chemical Engineering Process Dynamics and Controls Open Textbook
PID control virtual laboratory, free video tutorials, on-line simulators, advanced process control schemes
Chemical process engineering
Control theory
Statistical process control
Process engineering
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45485886
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julien%20Morice
|
Julien Morice
|
Julien Morice (born 20 July 1991) is a French professional racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI ProTeam .
He rode at the 2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships, where he took a bronze medal in the individual pursuit. He was named in the startlist for the 2016 Vuelta a España.
Major results
2014
7th Overall Paris–Arras Tour
2018
1st Stage 1 (ITT) Sharjah Tour
Grand Tour general classification results timeline
References
External links
1991 births
Living people
French male cyclists
People from Vannes
Sportspeople from Morbihan
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20242184
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia%20McMahon%20Hawkins
|
Patricia McMahon Hawkins
|
Patricia McMahon Hawkins (1949 – October 6, 2021) was a United States career foreign service officer and member of the U.S. State Department. She was the United States Ambassador to Togo from 2008 to 2011.
Life and political career
Hawkins was born in Pennsylvania. She attended Barnard College and was a graduate of East Stroudsburg University with a bachelor degree in education. She has also studied French at Georgetown University, the University of Dijon, and New York University.
Her career started in the United States International Communications Agency in 1980. At USIA headquarters in Washington, D.C., she was the Country Affairs Officer for the eight countries of Francophone West Africa, and Policy Application and Coordination Officer (PACO) in the office of USIA's Assistant Director. She also served as the Public Affairs Advisor to the U.S. Delegation to the CSCE Conference on the Human Dimension, in Paris in 1989. Her first tour was in Paris, where she served as the Assistant Information Officer and Deputy Press Attaché. She subsequently served as Information Officer in Kinshasa, Zaire, as Public Affairs Officer in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, as Cultural Affairs Officer in Bogotá, Colombia, as Counselor for Public Affairs in Abidjan, Cộte d'Ivoire, where she also served briefly as Acting DCM and then for several months as Chargé d'affaires. In 2001, she was posted to the Dominican Republic, as Counselor for Public Affairs. Her most recent assignments were in Washington, D.C., as Policy Application and Coordination Officer in the Office of Public Affairs of the Bureau of African Affairs, and as a Career Development Officer in the Bureau of Human Resources. During a three-year hiatus from the Foreign Service, Pat served as the Executive Assistant to the President and CEO of Otis Elevator Company, in Farmington, Connecticut.
Hawkins succeeded David B. Dunn as the US Ambassador to Togo on August 22, 2008. She arrived at post on September 10, 2008 and presented her credentials to the Togolese President on September 12, 2008.
Family
She was married to Richard S.D. Hawkins, formerly a director of quality improvement for the Otis Elevator Company who quit his job and applied to join the Foreign Service to spend more time with his wife, and has two children, Frédéric and Jessica. Her home in the United States was in Waterville Valley, New Hampshire.
See also
United States Ambassador to Togo
Notes and references
1949 births
2021 deaths
Ambassadors of the United States to Togo
East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania alumni
Georgetown University alumni
New York University alumni
University of Burgundy alumni
American women ambassadors
Ambassadors of the United States
United States Foreign Service personnel
Barnard College alumni
21st-century American women
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63181717
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%20World%20Allround%20Speed%20Skating%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Women
|
2020 World Allround Speed Skating Championships – Women
|
The Women competition at the 2020 World Allround Speed Skating Championships was held on 29 February and 1 March 2020.
Results
500 m
The race was started on 29 February at 11:54.
3000 m
The race was started on 29 February at 14:50.
1500 m
The race was started on 1 March at 13:00.
5000 m
The race was started on 1 March at 14:43.
Overall standings
After all events.
References
Women
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43949928
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoji%20Sadao
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Shoji Sadao
|
Shoji Sadao (貞尾,昭二 January 1927 – November 3, 2019) was a Japanese American architect, best known for his work and collaborations with R. Buckminster Fuller and Isamu Noguchi. During World War II he was stationed in Germany and was a cartographer for the U.S. Army.
Early years
Sadao was born in Los Angeles, California. During World War II, he and most of his family were sent to the Gila River War Relocation Center in Arizona. In 1945, Sadao was drafted into the US Army and served for four years.
Professional life
Bucky Fuller was Sadao’s instructor while studying architecture at Cornell University, where they first met in the early 1950s. In 1954, Sadao spent the year using his expertise as a cartographer to hand draw the Dymaxion Airocean World Map, which was his first collaboration with Fuller. The first edition of the map "the Raleigh edition" was printed by Edwards and Broughton and was issued in an edition of 3,000 copies in the summer of 1954. In 1964 Sadao co-founded the architectural firm Fuller & Sadao Inc., whose first project was to design the large geodesic dome for the U.S. Pavilion at Expo 67 in Montreal. In 1968 Fuller and Sadao designed Tetrahedron City, for Matsutaro Shoriki, a Japanese financier. The complex was designed to accommodate one million citizens in 300,000 apartment units and included a huge interior harbor. Tetrahedron City was conceived as an efficient and sustainable living-space alternative. Its massive size and low-cost was made possible by an aluminum octet truss system. By floating on the sea, it didn’t take up any space on land.
While working with lighting designer Edison Price in 1959, Sadao assisted Noguchi with the production of his folded aluminum sculpture at the Stable Gallery. Sadao began working with Noguchi on gardens and landscape projects in the 1960s, and in 1971 formed Noguchi Fountain and Plaza Inc., to design the Philip A. Hart Plaza and the Horace E. Dodge and Son Memorial Fountain in Detroit. Sadao also worked closely with Noguchi on the production of the well-known Akari Light Sculpture. In 1981 Sadao and Noguchi began work on the design and construction of the Isamu Noguchi Garden Museum, now known as the Noguchi Museum in Long Island City, New York, with both Fuller and Noguchi, the scope of Sadao's work has yet to be fully acknowledged, perhaps due to what he himself has described as his “self-effacing” quality as a collaborator.
Later years
Sadao served as the Executive Director of the Noguchi Museum from 1989 to 2003. He has since been recognized as a lifetime honorary trustee at the museum. He was the author of the book Buckminster Fuller and Isamu Noguchi: Best of Friends, a biography which details overlapping work and influence among Fuller, Noguchi, and Sadao.
Sadao died in Tokyo on November 3, 2019.
Notes
1. Sadao’s parents registered his birth certificate with a date of January 2, 1927. His school records indicated his birthday as December 20, 1926.
References
External links
"My Design Work with R. Buckmaster Fuller", a talk by Sadao given at Synergetics Collaborative's
American architects
1927 births
2019 deaths
Japanese-American internees
United States Army soldiers
American military personnel of Japanese descent
Cornell University College of Architecture, Art, and Planning alumni
American cartographers
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42439393
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah%20Colburn%20House
|
Jeremiah Colburn House
|
The Jeremiah Colburn House is a historic site located at 68 Main Street in Orono, Maine, United States, which is named for one of Orono's two original settlers, Jeremiah Colburn. The structure was built in 1840 and served as the home and office of Dr. Asa Adams, a renowned family physician in the Town of Orono for over 43 years and after whom the local Asa C. Adams Elementary School is named. Built in the Greek Revival style, it is a contributing property to the Orono Main Street Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and lies near the Jeremiah Colburn Natural Area.
References
Houses completed in 1840
Houses in Orono, Maine
Greek Revival houses in Maine
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Maine
National Register of Historic Places in Penobscot County, Maine
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19875949
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Diva
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La Diva
|
La Diva may refer to:
La Diva (group), a Filipino girl group
La Diva (Aretha Franklin album), 1979
La Diva (Katherine Jenkins album), 2004
La Diva, Ivy Queen's nickname
Diva (Ivy Queen album), 2004
See also
Diva (disambiguation)
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3085885
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mollington
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Mollington
|
Mollington could be
Mollington, Cheshire
Mollington, Oxfordshire
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51290434
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakhaber%20Kakashvili
|
Kakhaber Kakashvili
|
Kakhaber Kakashvili (; born 26 June 1993), commonly known as Kakha, is a Georgian football forward who currently plays for Pars Jonoubi in the Persian Gulf Pro League.
References
External links
1993 births
Living people
Machine Sazi F.C. players
Expatriate footballers in Iran
Footballers from Georgia (country)
Expatriates from Georgia (country) in Iran
Gostaresh Foulad F.C. players
Persian Gulf Pro League players
Association football midfielders
Pars Jonoubi Jam players
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15324094
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Sentimentality%20of%20William%20Tavener
|
The Sentimentality of William Tavener
|
The Sentimentality of William Tavener is a short story by Willa Cather. It was first published in Library in May 1900.
Plot summary
William and Hester, live in McPherson County. William is wealthy because he is a successful farmer and Hester is well respected and manages the farm. William is very stingy to everyone but his wife buying whatever she wanted. Hester buys items that a frivolous for her kids because she knows William won't. Hester stands up against William which creates a difficult dynamic about spending money. One day, Hester manages to talk her husband into letting their children go to the circus after he remembers going to one; they realize they were both there but only found out just now, supposedly. This leads them to reminisce about their past in Virginia, which they haven't done for years, they were too concerned with budgeting their money and getting their work done using their children. William then goes to bed and when the children come home she gives them the money that he gave her for them to go to the circus and tells them to be careful on their way and not to wake their father going to bed. The children feel like they have lost an ally because Hester won't stand up to William anymore so they won't be able to get frivolous items anymore.
Characters
William Tavener
Hester Perkins, William's wife.
The Howley boys
Billy, one of William and Hester's children.
Ellen Scribner
Tap, Tom Smith's son, whom William hired to weed the corn so he could go to the circus as a child.
References
External links
Full Text at the Willa Cather Archive
1900 short stories
Short stories by Willa Cather
Works originally published in Library (journal)
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68619900
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/129th%20IOC%20Session
|
129th IOC Session
|
The 129th Session of the International Olympic Committee, was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from August 1st to August 4th, 2016, prior to the Games of the XXXI Olympiad, being held in Rio. Some key moments of the session included a keynote address from Professor Muhammad Yunus and the election of new sports for the 2020 Olympic program.
The Election of New Sports for the 2020 Olympic Games
After the introduction of Olympic Agenda 2020 in 2014, the IOC granted Olympic host city organizing committees, the ability to propose other sports in addition to the core olympic sports to be included in their respective Olympic Games. Several International Sports Federations campaigned to the Tokyo Organizing Committee to be included in the 2020 program, eventually the Tokyo OCOG made the decision to propose the inclusion of baseball/softball(as one sport, two disciplines), karate, skateboarding, sport climbing and surfing. The 2020 organizing committee presented the five sport package to the full International Olympic Committee at the IOC session in Rio on August 3, 2016.
The IOC, unanimously approved the proposal of the inclusion of the five sports for a one-off appearance in the Tokyo Games.
References
International Olympic Committee sessions
2016 in Brazilian sport
2016 conferences
Sport in Rio de Janeiro (city)
August 2016 sports events in South America
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52339632
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strahinja%20Alagi%C4%87
|
Strahinja Alagić
|
Strahinja "Braca" Alagić (; 14 August 1924 – 10 October 2002) was a Serbian professional basketball player and coach. He dedicated his coaching career is the most to women's basketball. With Crvena zvezda he won the FIBA EuroLeague Women in 1979.
Alagić was a member of the first managing board of the Crvena zvezda basketball club.
Playing career
Alagić started playing basketball after the end of World War II as a member of the Yugoslav Army basketball team. The first Yugoslav national championship held in Subotica in 1945 where his team won the title by beating the Serbia selection in the finals. Next year he moved to newly formed basketball club Partizan together with seven teammates such as Aleksandar Nikolić and Mirko Marjanović.
After spending a year in Partizan, Alagic moved to Crvena zvezda where he played the longest and where he achieved major successes. In the period from 1947 to 1951 he won five national championships with Nebojša Popović, Srđan Kalember and others. In July 1950, he won an international cup tournament with the Zvezda in Milan, Italy.
Coaching career
After ending his playing career, Alagić devoted himself to coaching. First of all Alagić worked as a coach of women's team, although he briefly coached the Crvena zvezda men's team. With women's team of Crvena zvezda he had a lot of success, especially in national competitions. The most important club's success in the history of women's basketball is winning the European Cup in 1979 with Crvena zvezda.
Alagić had a big success with the Yugoslavia women's national team, which in 1968 led to the first medal in Eurobasket.
Career achievements
Player
Yugoslav League champion: 6 (with Yugoslav Army: 1945 and with Crvena zvezda: 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951).
Coach
Yugoslav Women's League champion: 10 (with Crvena zvezda: 1958, 1959, 1960, 1972–73, 1975–76, 1976–77, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1980–81)
Yugoslav Women's Cup winner: 4 (with Crvena zvezda: 1973–74, 1975–76, 1978–79, 1980–81)
FIBA Women's European Champions Cup winner: 1 (with Crvena zvezda: 1978–79).
See also
List of EuroLeague Women winning coaches
List of Red Star Belgrade basketball coaches
References
1924 births
2002 deaths
KK Crvena zvezda head coaches
KK Crvena zvezda players
KK Crvena Zvezda executives
KK Partizan players
KK Radnički Kragujevac (1950–2004) coaches
OKK Beograd coaches
Serbian men's basketball coaches
Serbian men's basketball players
ŽKK Crvena zvezda coaches
Yugoslav men's basketball players
Yugoslav basketball coaches
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12737621
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melioration%20theory
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Melioration theory
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Melioration theory in psychology is a theoretical algorithm that predicts the matching law. Melioration theory is used as an explanation for why an organism makes choices based on the rewards or reinforcers it receives. The principle of melioration states that animals will invest increasing amounts of time and/or effort into whichever alternative is better. To meliorate essentially means to "make better".
Melioration theory accounts for many of the choices that organisms make when presented with two variable interval schedules. Melioration is a form of matching where the subject is constantly shifting its behavior from the poorer reinforcement schedule to the richer reinforcement schedule, until it is spending most of its time at the richest variable interval schedule. By matching, the subject is equalizing the price of the reinforcer they are working for. This is also called hyperbolic discounting. In making a choice between options, living organisms need not maximize expected payoff as classical economic theory posits. Rather than being aggregated, the options compete against one another based on differences in their local reinforcement rate. The organism continuously shifts from one alternative to the other, if one is better than the other, until the other is better than the first one, regardless of the effect on overall rate of reinforcement. Melioration is capable of accounting for behavior on both concurrent ratio and concurrent interval schedules.
Melioration Equation
R1/B1 = R2/B2
If this ratio is not equal, the animal will shift its behavior to the alternative that currently has the higher response ratio. When the ratio is equal, the "cost" of each reinforcer is the same for both alternatives.
Melioration theory grew out of an impersonal anonymous interest in how the matching law comes to hold on. Richard J. Herrnstein (1961) reported that on concurrent VIVIVI reinforcement schedules, the proportion of responses to one alternative was approximately equal to the proportion of reinforcer received there. This finding is summarized in the matching law, which generated a great deal of both matching research and matching theorizing. Herrnstein (1970) suggested that matching may be a basic behavioral process, whereas Rachlin et al. (1976) suggested that matching comes about because it maximizes rate of matching reinforcement.
William Vaughan, Jr. (1976) suggested that the local rate of matching reinforcement on each reinforcement matching schedule is evaluated, and if those local rates differ, the distribution of time on a schedule is shifted from the poorer to the better schedule. On concurrent VIVIVI reinforcement schedules this process gives rise to matching, whereas on concurrent VRVRVR reinforcement schedules it gives rise to exclusive preferences for the better alternative and not the worse alternative. This rule was subsequently named Melioration (Herrnstein & Vaughan, 1980). See also Herrnstein, 1982, Vaughan, 1981; Vaughan & Herrnstein, 1987; Bland, Cowie, Podlesnik & Elliffe, 2018)
References
Footnotes
Sources
Bland, V.J.; Cowie,S.; Podlesnik, C.A.; & Elliffe, D. (2018). Melioration revisited: A systematic replication of Vaughan (1981).Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior 109(31).
Herrnstein, R.J. (1982). Melioration as behavioural dynamism. In Commons, M.L.; Herrnstein, R.J. & Rachlin, H. (Eds.), Quantitative analyses of behavior, vol. II: Matching and maximizing accounts, pp. 433–58. Ballinger Publishing Co., Cambridge, MA.
Herrnstein, R.J. & Vaughan, W., Jr. (1980). Melioration and behavioral allocation. In J.E.R. Staddon (Ed.), Limits to action. New York: Academic Press.
Rachlin, H.; Green, L.; Kagel, J.H. & Battalio, R.C. (1976). Economic demand theory and psychological studies of choice. In G.H. Bower (Ed.), The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 10, pp. 129–54. New York: Academic Press.
Vaughan, W., Jr. (1976). Optimization and reinforcement. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Harvard University.
Vaughan, W., Jr. & Herrnstein, R.J. (1987). Stability, melioration, and natural selection. In L. Green & J.H. Kagel (Eds.), Advances in Behavioral Economics, Vol. 1 (pp. 185–215). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Vaughan, W., Jr. & Herrnstein, R.J. (1980). "Melioration and behavioral allocation." Limits to action: The allocation of individual behavior (1980): 143–176.
Behavior
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498606
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIII%20Corps
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VIII Corps
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8th Corps, Eighth Corps, or VIII Corps may refer to:
VIII Corps (Grande Armée), a unit of the Imperial French army during the Napoleonic Wars
VIII Army Corps (German Confederation)
VIII Corps (German Empire), a unit of the Imperial German Army prior to and during World War I
VIII Reserve Corps (German Empire), a unit of the Imperial German Army during World War I
8th Air Corps (Germany)
VIII Army Corps (Wehrmacht), Germany
VIII Corps (Ottoman Empire)
8th Army Corps (Russian Empire)
8th Air Defence Corps, Soviet Union and Russia
8th Cavalry Corps (Soviet Union)
8th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)
8th Estonian Rifle Corps a unit of the Soviet Army
8th Army Corps (Ukraine)
VIII Corps (United Kingdom)
VIII Corps (United States)
VIII Corps (Union Army), a unit in the American Civil War
Eighth Army Corps (Spanish–American War)
8th Corps (Yugoslav Partisans)
VIII Corps, part of Ground Operations Command, South Korea
See also
List of military corps by number
8th Army (disambiguation)
8th Brigade (disambiguation)
8th Division (disambiguation)
8th Regiment (disambiguation)
8 Squadron (disambiguation)
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68311937
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Moseley%20%28MP%29
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Thomas Moseley (MP)
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Thomas Moseley was one of two Members of the Parliament of England for the constituency of York between 1597 and 1601.
Life and politics
Thomas lost his father early in life and lived with John Beane, an alderman and MP for the city. After serving an apprenticeship with his uncle, he spent time in Hamburg as part of his duties as a member of the merchant's company. He was frequently in financial trouble but this did not affect him being elected alderman for the Walmgate Ward of York. Even though he polled second in Parliamentary elections in 1593, the city assembly rejected him. After changes to the election system, he was successful in being elected to the 1597 Parliament. There is no record of any speeches in the House, but he did serve on numerous merchant related committees.
Thomas married Jane, youngest daughter of John Wormeley of Hatfield. They had at least one daughter, Jane, who married Robert Sowtheby (also known as Sotheby), at St John's Church in York on 7 August 1621.
References
1539 births
1624 deaths
English MPs of the Tudor period
People from the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabiana%20Sugimori
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Fabiana Sugimori
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Fabiana Harumi Sugimori (born 1 December 1980) is a retired Brazilian Paralympic swimmer who competed in international level events. She was born prematurely and her vision was severely damaged by the oxygen in an incubator that she was treated in.
References
1980 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Campinas
People from Piracicaba
Paralympic swimmers of Brazil
Swimmers at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Swimmers at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Swimmers at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Swimmers at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic medalists in swimming
Paralympic gold medalists for Brazil
Paralympic bronze medalists for Brazil
Medalists at the 2003 Parapan American Games
Medalists at the World Para Swimming Championships
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19524802
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beth%20Israel%20Synagogue%20%28Edenbridge%2C%20Saskatchewan%29
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Beth Israel Synagogue (Edenbridge, Saskatchewan)
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Beth Israel Synagogue is a historic Carpenter Gothic style Orthodox synagogue located in Edenbridge in the rural municipality of Willow Creek, near Melfort, Saskatchewan, Canada. The Edenbridge Hebrew Colony was founded in 1906 by Jewish immigrants who came from Lithuania via South Africa. Completed in 1908, the synagogue's wooden frame exterior, steep pitched roof and end lancet windows are typical of the plain Carpenter Gothic style buildings built by other religious groups in Saskatchewan and the rest of rural North America during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The elegant interior, however, reflects the Eastern European roots of the Orthodox congregation. Today Beth Israel is the "oldest surviving synagogue in Saskatchewan."
Beth Israel Synagogue, including its adjacent cemetery, is a municipal heritage site as designated by the Rural Municipality of Willow Creek on September 10, 2003." The plot of land was donated in 1987 to the Saskatchewan Wildlife Federation.
See also
Little Synagogue on the Prairie
History of the Jews in Canada
Oldest synagogues in Canada
References
External links
International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies - Cemetery Project: Saskatchewan: Edenbridge
Little Synagogue on the Prairie: p. 16: Saskatchewan
1908 establishments in Saskatchewan
Carpenter Gothic synagogues
Synagogues in Saskatchewan
Carpenter Gothic buildings in Saskatchewan
Cemeteries in Saskatchewan
Heritage sites in Saskatchewan
Jewish cemeteries in Canada
Lithuanian Canadian
Lithuanian-Jewish diaspora
Willow Creek No. 458, Saskatchewan
Synagogues completed in 1908
South African Canadian
South African-Jewish diaspora
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36192290
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012%20Centrobasket
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2012 Centrobasket
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The 2012 Men's Central American and Caribbean Basketball Championship, also known as 2012 Centrobasket, was the regional championship of FIBA Americas for Central America and Caribbean subzone, played June 18–24, 2012. The top four teams qualified for the 2013 FIBA Americas Championship.
Participating teams
From the 2011 CBC Championship:
From Central America:
Participants from 2011 FIBA Americas Championship:
Preliminary round
Group A
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Group B
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Knockout round
Semifinals
Third place playoff
Finals
Final ranking
Suspension of Panama
In 2013, FIBA suspended the Panamanian Basketball Federation "for many problems that Panama has been going through for several years due to conflicts of interest between two Directives that manifest hold the same authority," as announced by FIBA Secretary-General Patrick Baumann. This means Panama's "national teams and clubs and referees, cannot participate in any international competition."
References
Centrobasket
2011–12 in North American basketball
2012 in Central American sport
2012 in Caribbean sport
2012 in Puerto Rican sports
International basketball competitions hosted by Puerto Rico
Sports in San Juan, Puerto Rico
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56684211
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francois%20Lacroix
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Francois Lacroix
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François Lacroix (1806–1876) was a wealthy Creole of color, tailor, fabric merchant, and prominent landowner in New Orleans, Louisiana. His son Victor Lacroix was killed in the infamous New Orleans massacre of 1866 when Republicans gathered and paraded for a constitutional convention at the Mechanics Institute in New Orleans and were attacked by Democrats including armed police and firemen. He supported his son's widow, a white woman named Sarah Brown, as well as their two children.
Life
Francophone and Catholic, Lacroix was born free in Cuba, as was his brother Julien. Their parents, a white Frenchman and a free mulâtresse, fled there from Saint Domingue following the Haitian Revolution. Along with fellow tailor and Creole Etienne Cordeviolle, Lacroix was as a partner in the firm of Cordeviolle and Lacroix located off of Canal Street. As an extremely successful businessman, he acquired a large real estate portfolio as well as several slaves over the course of his life. He likewise supported a number of philanthropies, including La Société de la Sainte Famille and the Institut Catholique des orphelins indigents, of which he served for a time as president.
Deeply affected by his son's death, Lacroix was a participant in séances to try and communicate with him.
An exhibit about his life was put on at a New Orleans Public Library.
References
1806 births
1876 deaths
People from New Orleans
African-American businesspeople
Businesspeople from New Orleans
Louisiana Creole people
19th-century American businesspeople
19th-century American philanthropists
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42330635
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven%20Arches%20Bridge%20%28Newport%29
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Seven Arches Bridge (Newport)
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The Seven Arches Bridge is a historic bridge in Newport, County Mayo, Ireland.
Built around 1892, the bridge is a seven span squared red sandstone structure with limestone detailing over the Black Oak River/Newport River. It carried the Achill branch of the Midland Great Western Railway line, with the last train running on this line in the autumn of 1937. It was recently restored as part of the Great Western Greenway, the longest off-road cycling & walking route in Ireland.
The bridge is listed as number 112 on the Record of Protected Structures for County Mayo.
Technical Details
The single track viaduct has an overall length of and width . The seven segmental arches have a span, with a rise of . The arch rings are . The bridge piers are thick with pointed cutwaters. The cost of the viaduct was over £7,000.
The rail line over the viaduct was not opened until 1894 pending completion of a nearby tunnel.
References
External links
Railway bridges in the Republic of Ireland
Buildings and structures in County Mayo
Rail trail bridges
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33140403
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retallack
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Retallack
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Retallack village is near St Columb Major, in Cornwall, England, UK, and in the civil parish of St Wenn. Most of the village was turned into a 100 acre commercial theme park called "Spirit of the West". The theme park was closed in 2009 and redeveloped into holiday lodges which use the name Retallack Resort & Spa.
Outer Retallick (sic) is another village 1 km to the northwest of the village of Winnards Perch, which was destroyed to make way for a nearby highway roundabout.
Retallack is also a Cornish surname. The name can be traced back to the location near St Columb. John Retallack, listed as a local farmer living at Retallack in 1602. Other Cornish localities named for this family include Retillick Farm (sic) near Roche (SW 974593), Retallack Farm near Constantine (SW 733304), and Retallack Mine near Millpool (SW 573314) Other Cornish places called Retallack also exist: these are in St Hilary and Constantine. while Retallick is in Roche. Though the modern forms are the same the earlier forms show that the original meanings are different. This Retallack and the nearby Retallick have the meaning "ford by willow trees".
References
External links
Retallack Resort & Spa
Villages in Cornwall
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40230145
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay%20Garnett
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Bay Garnett
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Bay Garnett is a British freelance fashion stylist, author, editor, creative director and advocate for sustainability in fashion.
She pioneered the idea of "thrifting", the art of shopping in second-hand stores, as being relevant to high fashion by including items she had found in magazine shoots. Garnett is the Senior Independent Fashion Advisor for Oxfam, and has led their runway shows during London Fashion Week in 2017 and 2019. This is part of the LFW schedule, and is uniquely styled by Garnett out of second-hand items donated to Oxfam. She also worked with Oxfam on 2019's Secondhand September campaign, with plans to repeat the initiative. Her thrift-inspired work is credited with having made its way into mainstream fashion.
Published in 2016 and 2017 by IDEA Books, Garnett co-edited Fanpages: a collection of one page zines by different contributors, such as Beth Ditto, Chloe Sevigny and Louis Theroux.
Garnett was appointed Contributing Fashion Editor at British Vogue 2002 - 2017, and then Fashion Director-at-Large of the Evening Standard magazine in 2017 until present. Garnett continues to work with Oxfam and in 2019 Garnett was the stylist and creative director for the first Second Hand September campaign which was launched starring Model Stella Tennant and her daughter Iris. This was followed in 2020 with actress, writer and director, Micheala Coel being the face of the campaign. Garnett then worked on the same campaign in 2021, starring actress Sienna Miller.
In 2020 Garnett created a luxury Oxfam pop up shop in London’s Selfridges - Bay Garnett X Oxfam - this was the first charity shop of its kind to exist in a department store, sitting in the same space as the luxury brands situated opposite Gucci and beside Prada - the shop was fitted out to look like a luxury shop meanwhile keeping the Oxfam price points.
In 2021 Garnett curated the second Oxfam pop up - Oxfam X Bay Garnett, this time on the 3rd floor at Selfridges. This pop up runs from September - December, 2021, and includes different rails edited by different contributors including Chloe Sevigny and Neneh Cherry.
In November 2021, Garnett spoke on a panel at COP26 in Glasgow on a panel discussion on ways to decarbonise the fashion industry.
Background
She is the daughter of Andy Garnett and Polly Devlin. Her mother, who received an OBE for service for Literature, worked at both British and American Vogue and wrote the Vogue Book of Fashion Photography.
Career
After studying art history and modern history at the University of Exeter, Garnett gained initial experience in galleries such as the Peggy Guggenheim Collection in Venice, Pace Wildenstein in New York and working for photographic agency Art Department.
In 1997, Garnett co-launched the New York version of underground, anti-fashion magazine Cheap Date, started in London in 1997 by Kira Jolliffe, which won them the title 'thrift pioneers', and proclaimed Garnett a spokesperson for second hand and vintage fashion. The magazine had contributors such as Anita Pallenberg, Chloe Sevigny, Liv Tyler and Debbie Harry. It ceased publication in 2005, but Bay Garnett went on to co-edit the 2007 book Cheap Date Guide to Style, a compilation from the magazine.
From 2002 to 2004, she was Style Director for British designer Matthew Williamson, and continues to be a Contributing Fashion Editor for British Vogue and a consultant to Louis Vuitton amongst other projects. In 2004, she designed a limited edition range for Topshop and consulted for the label Chloé. While there, the Bay bag was developed and became one of its most successful bags.
Garnett has collaborated with photographers including Juergen Teller, Bruce Webber, Craig McDean, Nick Knight and David LaChapelle. She also worked on a digital film for Louis Vuitton with Sam Taylor-Johnson. Her work has been featured in various publications and print advertising including British Vogue, Italian Vogue, V Man, 25 Magazine, Selfridges, Centrefold Magazine, Lula Magazine, Solange Azagury-Partridge, and Stylist.
In 2013, Garnett took part in a joint exhibition with her partner, photographer Tom Craig (photographer), at the Vogue Festival in London.
Garnett is the Senior Fashion Advisor for Oxfam, and has led their runway shows during London Fashion Week in 2017 and 2019. This is part of the LFW schedule, and is uniquely styled by Garnett out of purely second-hand items donated to Oxfam. She also works with Oxfam on their Secondhand September campaigns.
Publications
See also
Diana Chire
Jefferson Hack
Sarah Lucas
References
External links
Bay Garnett Official site
1973 births
English fashion designers
British women fashion designers
Living people
Fashion stylists
Fashion editors
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3221864
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igbo%20music
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Igbo music
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Igbo music (Igbo: Egwu nkwa ndi Igbo) is the music of the Igbo people, who are indigenous to the southeastern part of Nigeria. The Igbo traditionally rely heavily on percussion instruments such as the drum and the gong, which are popular because of their innate ability to provide a diverse array of tempo, sound, and pitch.
Igbo music is generally lively, upbeat, and spontaneous which creates a variety of sounds that enables the Igbo people to incorporate music into almost all the facets of their daily lives. Some very popular Igbo music styles are Igbo highlife, Igbo bongo, Odumodu.
History
When examining the impact that music has on the culture of the Igbo people, one would have to look no further than the earliest accounts of the vast history of Igbo in Nigeria. Igbo people are speculated to be descendants of the people of the Nok culture that inhabited much of Nigeria from 500 BC to 200 AD. The Nok civilization is very popular because of the vast amount of colorful artifacts that they left behind, which include an array of musical instruments some of which on surface examination are somewhat similar to those found in Igbo Ukwu. It is not known when the beginnings or first vestiges of Igbo music sprung up. However, from the range of traditional lullabies, rhythmic proverbs and poems, work songs and general use of music in day-to-day life, music has influenced.
Cultural impact
Traditionally, music has been used to:
Enhance celebrations, such as during the New Year, weddings, birthday parties, childbirth and naming ceremonies
To bring about a historically sacred ambiance at church services, funerals, and eulogies
For pleasure, such as when lullabies are sung by parents to their children
For sports and labor
To guide historians as they recount stories
Instruments
Drums
The drum is the most important musical instrument for Nigerians, and especially the Igbo people. This instrument is extensively used during celebrations, rites of passage, funerals, war, town meetings and an array of other events. Since this instrument is so diverse, many types of drums have been crafted and perfected over the years.
Pot drum
The pot drum instrument is called the Kim-Kim or Udu. It is typically dumb-bell shaped, and is around 27 cm–29 cm in height with an opening at the top that is about three to five centimeters. The base of the drum is about 13 cm–15 cm wide, and the head is around eight to nine centimeters wide. This instrument is typically used to produce bass. To achieve a low and deep sound, a minimal amount of water is added. To maintain a higher sound, a considerable amount of water is added to the pot. To play this instrument, the musician will brace it between her legs and grip the neck with her left hand. In order to produce a sound, the musician will cup her hand and beat the opening very rapidly. Usually, this instrument has been played by women and is used for traditional rites of passage, weddings, and community club meetings.
The drum
The Udu is the most common and popular drum. This instrument is also known as Nkwa, Egwe, or Egede, depending on the part of the country.
These drums are not talking drums. Although they produce a sound which is tonal, syncopated, and generally melodious – they have never been known as talking drums and are not spiritual in nature or usage. Igbo people speak. The body of the drum is usually constructed from a hollowed out pear or cotton tree which is very durable yet malleable. The drum is then covered with antelope or cow skin. The hide is fastened tightly to the top and bottom of the instrument with seven to eight studs, and with rope in a decorative manner. The studs are able to be adjusted for tuning purposes and sound accommodation. If the studs are tightened a high pitch is emitted. The opposite effect is heard if the studs are loosened. Typically, more than one Igba is played by several drummers at a time. The drum can be played by using four fingers from each hand. The right hand is used to beat the head of the drum, and the left hand is used to stop the vibration. If the musician stops the vibration closer to the edge of the drum head,a low pitch will be emitted. If the musician stops the vibration closer to the center, then a higher pitch will be emitted. The Igba can also be played using a curved drum stick, which can be found wrapped in fiber to produce a soft sound, or "naked" to produce hard sound. This drum is very versatile and is usually played during celebrations, festivals, weddings, male and female rites of passage, and sometimes funerals.
Slit drum (Ekwe)
The slit drum called the Ekwe is also very popular amongst the Igbo. This drum is constructed from a hollowed out palm, bamboo, or pear tree trunk. Once the trunk has been cleaned, two horizontal slits are carved into the base as well as a narrow slit
connecting the two. This drum is played using a "naked" wooden drum stick to strike the head. The Ekwe produces a distinct sound and for this reason is usually used for signaling an emergency, community meetings, or warning of intruders’ presence.
Gongs
These instruments are another important part of Igbo music. While not as important as the drum, these instruments do provide much needed rhythm and accompaniment.
The most prominent Gongs are the Olu and the Ogene. The Olu is a large Gong, about four feet long. The Ogene is smaller Gong and is about eight inches long. The Olu and Ogene are played by rhythmically beating the base of these instruments in cadence with the rest of the ensemble. The Ogene is used mostly for complementing drums and other percussion instruments. It is also very useful in helping dancers time their movements and gestures. The Olu produces a very distinct sound and is mostly used to warn the community of any danger or as a call for attention in case of an important announcement.
Other instruments
Other instruments include a woodblock known as okpola, a wind instrument similar to the flute, called an oja and the ichaka. The Igbo also have a style of music called Ikorodo, which is when all the musical instruments are played together with vocal accompaniment.
Udu
The instrument is played by hand and produces a special and unique bass sound by quickly hitting the big hole. Furthermore, the whole corpus can be played by fingers (some experienced players also use toes). Today it is widely used by percussionists in different music styles.
Today
Though Igbo music remains very traditional, it has undergone some changes in old times. In the 60’s and 70’s a new genre of music was born called Igbo highlife. This was a fusion of traditional Igbo music and Western African highlife. Igbo highlife and other Igbo rhythm heavily influenced Latin American music.
Notable Igbo musicians
Some popular Igbo musicians past and present include: Sir Warrior (Head of Highlife), Oliver de Coque (King of Highlife), Celestine Ukwu, Onyeka Onwenu, Chief Stephen Osita Osadebe, Bright Chimezie (Duke of Highlife), Nico Mbarga, Oriental Brothers (Stars of Music), onyeoma tochukwu, Faze, umu obiligbo. For more examples, see .
References
Nigerian music
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36752223
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadehill%20Dam
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Shadehill Dam
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Shadehill Dam is a dam (constructed 1951) on the Grand River in Perkins County in northwestern South Dakota in the United States, about south of Lemmon. The dam and its impoundment, Shadehill Reservoir, serve mainly for flood and silt control, wildlife conservation and recreation. Located directly below the confluence of the North and South Forks of the Grand River, the dam is operated by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, and is part of the Shadehill Unit of the Pick-Sloan Missouri Basin Program.
The dam is an embankment structure high and long, with an elevation of at the crest. A catchment area of lies above the dam site. At full pool, the reservoir has a capacity of , with a surface area of . Normal conservation water levels are much lower, at . Regular water discharges pass through an outlet works with a capacity of , while flood flows are released through two spillways: a morning glory inlet with a capacity of , and an emergency overflow channel that can pass up to .
Shadehill Dam was originally intended to serve irrigation purposes as well, but after determining that the water in the reservoir was too saline the Bureau of Reclamation dropped this phase from the project.
See also
List of dams in the Missouri River watershed
Pick-Sloan Plan
List of dams and reservoirs in South Dakota
External links
United States Bureau of Reclamation - Shadehill Dam
South Dakota Department of Game, Fish & Parks - Shadehill State Recreation Area
References
Buildings and structures in Perkins County, South Dakota
Dams in South Dakota
Embankment dams
Dams completed in 1951
United States Bureau of Reclamation dams
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56163536
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajpur%20%28Bihar%20Vidhan%20Sabha%20constituency%29
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Rajpur (Bihar Vidhan Sabha constituency)
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Rajpur Vidhan Sabha constituency is one of 243 legislative assembly of legislative assembly of Bihar. It is comes under Buxar lok sabha constituency.
Overview
Rajpur comprises community blocks of Rajpur & Itarhi; Gram Panchayats Ataon, Kanjharua, Mathila, Mugaon, Kasian & Koransarai of Dumraon CD Block.
Members of Legislative Assembly
Source
See also
List of constituencies of Bihar Legislative Assembly
References
Politics of Buxar district
Assembly constituencies of Bihar
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18196377
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudene
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Sudene
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The Superintendency for the Development of the Northeast (), or Sudene () for short, is a Brazilian governmental agency created in 1959, during the government of President Juscelino Kubitschek (1956-1961), to stimulate economic growth in the northeastern region of Brazil, one of the poorest of the country, that faces chronic droughts and has a semi-arid climate. Sudene was created by suggestion of economist Celso Furtado, one of the leading intellectuals of Brazil, who was the agency's first director.
Premise
Furtado's premise was that the semi-arid climate of the Northeast was an environmental reality against which it would be very unproductive to fight – despite governmental action to take water to that region – and that state poverty reduction programs should thus aim at using the existing natural advantages of the area – namely, its availability of labor – and promote industrialization instead of the region's traditional economic focus, which was on agriculture and livestock.
Actions
The agency's first steps were to speed up the construction of hydroelectric dams in the São Francisco River, followed by governmental incentives for the creation of heavy industry projects, such as the Camaçari Petrochemical Complex, in the state of Bahia, and the industrial district of Aratu, in the metropolitan area of Salvador. Sudene is also responsible for the formation of intermediary products industries: fertilizers production in the state of Sergipe and a chemicals complex in Salgema, state of Alagoas. In the state of Pernambuco, investments concentrated on the metropolitan area of the city of Recife, with durable goods industries being created in the cities of Jaboatão, Cabo and Paulista. In the state of Ceará, a new perspective was adopted: Sudene's incentives helped form a textiles industrial area, around the capital of the state, Fortaleza.
In 1999, Sudene was involved in corruption scandals which led President Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1994-2002) to decree its dissolution. In 2002, however, the agency was recreated with the name of Adene - Agency for the Development of the Northeast.
References
The process of industrialization in Recife, Brazil - https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00845198
External links
Sudene in Historianet
Adene's official website
Government agencies of Brazil
1959 establishments in Brazil
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41432115
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nok%C3%AB%20Sinishtaj
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Nokë Sinishtaj
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Ndue Sinishtaj (August 24, 1944) is an Albanian poet, and former Catholic priest from Montenegro known for writing poems in Gheg Albanian.
Early life
Sinishtaj was born in Krševo (), an Albanian village in the Gruda region near Podgorica, at the time part of Yugoslavia, but now part of Montenegro. He was given his nickname, Nokë, by his family. He hails from the Shytaj brotherhood, a large family which numbered about 60 members, all living together in a big house known as the tower of Shytaj. He is the fourth of thirteen children in the Sinishtaj family. As pastoralism was the family occupation and means of survival, he was a shepherd as a child.
He attended elementary school in Tuzi taught by teachers who spoke the Gheg dialect. He continued his education in the city of Zadar and finished classic high school in Pazinit. He studied theology at schools in the Balkan cities of Zagreb and Rijeka finally moving to Florence, Italy where he graduated in theology.
Intellectual formation
For Nokë and his family, it was a great honor to be nominated as a Catholic priest and return to Malësia. For five years, Sinishtaj served as a priest in Gusinje, Tuzi, and Hoti. While serving as a priest, he was known for his oratorical skills preaching in church. However, after five years, he left the priesthood to start a family with whom he lives today in Switzerland.
In 2000, many years after leaving the priesthood, he published a book which was both an autobiographical diary and a confessional to justify his decision. The book was entitled Confessions of a Rebellious Priest. In this book Sinishtaj recounts the problems he encountered as a priest. It was because of these events, including hostile behavior, and injustices inside the clergy, that caused him to finally leave the priesthood but not his faith in God.
However he did not stop studying and in 1975 continued his education in Philosophy and Italian Literature at the University of Fribourg, graduating in 1981. He is currently working as a translator at the Court of Lucerne. He is a polyglot, speaking: Albanian, Serbo-Croatian, Latin, German, and Italian.
Works
Works in Albanian :
Mogilat e Kshevës” (1976)
Te varret e Kshevës (At Ksheva graves), poem (1976)
Syri i ngujuar (Confined eye), poem (1998)
Në vend të epitafit (Instead of the epitaph), poem (2002)
I vetmuar, në kopshtin tim, qaj për të afërmit e mi (Alone in my garden, crying over my family), (2002)
Spirale (Spirals), poem (2003)
Rekuiem për fshatin tim (Requiem to my village), poem (2005)
Tetë letra të Martin Camajt (Eight letters of Martin Camaj), (2000)
Nga sergjeni i harruar (From the forgotten shelf), poem (2007)
Rrefimet e një prifti të rebeluar (Tales of a rebelled priest), (2000)
Kupa e thyer e heshtjes (The broken glass of silence), poem (2010)
Nën arkada të universit (Under the arcade of the universe), poem (2013)
Works in Croatian :
More mira u nemiru (The sea of quitenes in unquietitude ), poem (1974)
Nerastočeni mir (Nerastoceni peace), poem (1974)
Dubrovnik (Dubrovnik), poem (1974)
Apokalipsa Paška s Prokletia (Apocalypse of Paško from Prokletia), novel (1977)
Works in Italian
Rimani amica (Stay friend), poem (1977)
Work in German
Eingewickelt in sein Schweisstuch (Wrapped in his sweat cloth), poem (1994)
References
1944 births
Living people
Albanian Roman Catholic priests
Albanian male poets
Albanian expatriates in Switzerland
Montenegrin people of Albanian descent
20th-century Albanian poets
21st-century Albanian poets
Malsorë
Montenegrin expatriates in Switzerland
Writers from Podgorica
Albanian-language poets
German-language poets
Croatian-language poets
Italian-language poets
Croatian-language writers
20th-century Montenegrin people
21st-century Montenegrin people
Albanian novelists
Male novelists
20th-century novelists
21st-century novelists
Montenegrin poets
Montenegrin novelists
20th-century male writers
21st-century male writers
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44024955
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony%20Mann%20%28judge%29
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Anthony Mann (judge)
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Sir George Anthony Mann (born 21 May 1951), is a retired judge of the High Court of England and Wales.
He was educated at The Perse School and St Peter's College, Oxford.
He was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1974 and became a bencher there in 2002. He was made a QC in 1992, recorder from 2002 to 2004, and judge of the High Court of Justice (Chancery Division) since 2004.
References
1951 births
Living people
Knights Bachelor
People educated at The Perse School
Alumni of St Peter's College, Oxford
Members of Lincoln's Inn
Chancery Division judges
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40927156
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seyf%20Mahalleh
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Seyf Mahalleh
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Seyf Mahalleh (, also Romanized as Seyf Maḩalleh and Seyfmaḩalleh) is a village in Goli Jan Rural District, in the Central District of Tonekabon County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 341, in 95 families.
References
Populated places in Tonekabon County
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5783252
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoliy%20Byshovets
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Anatoliy Byshovets
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Anatoliy Fyodorovich Byshovets (, ; born 23 April 1946) is a Soviet and Russian football manager of Ukrainian origin and former Soviet international striker. He played his entire professional career with club side Dynamo Kyiv. He won Olympic gold medal as a coach with the Soviet team at the 1988 Summer Olympics. He was also a manager of the USSR, Russia, and South Korea national teams. At the 1996 Atlanta Olympics, he managed the South Korean U-23 team. He is one of the most successful modern Russian coaches.
Player
Byshovets played for the youth team of FC Dynamo Kyiv, then for their senior team in 1963-1973. Byshovets won the Soviet championship four times (1966, 1967, 1968, 1971) and the Soviet Cup twice (1964, 1966) with them. Byshovets scored four goals for the Soviet Union in the 1970 FIFA World Cup.
Coach
After finishing his playing career in 1973 Byshovets worked in Dynamo Kyiv's football school. In 1988, he won the Olympic gold medal with the Soviet team. He has also managed various clubs and three national teams (USSR, Russia, and South Korea).
Byshovets also was a consultant at Anzhi Makhachkala (2003), vice president at FC Khimki (2003–2004), and sporting director at Hearts (2004–2005). He became the first foreign coach of South Korea in 1994.
Recent events
After having been for one year out of work Byshovets became coach of FC Lokomotiv Moscow. In 2007 Lokomotiv with Byshovets won the Russian Cup which brought Byshovets a more positive image from both the press and the fans. But despite the club's Champions League ambitions under Byshovets Lokomotiv was underachieving in the Russian Premier League. Next day after the end of 2007 season he was sacked.
In October 2009, he was hired as a consultant by FC Kuban Krasnodar. He left Kuban just over a month later, on 17 November 2009.
References
External links
Profile at zenit-history.ru
1946 births
Living people
Footballers from Kyiv
Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
Russian people of Ukrainian descent
Soviet footballers
Soviet Union international footballers
Soviet Union national football team managers
Soviet football managers
Ukrainian football managers
Russian football managers
Russia national football team managers
Expatriate football managers in Cyprus
Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus
Expatriate football managers in South Korea
Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in South Korea
Expatriate football managers in Portugal
Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Expatriate football managers in Russia
Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in Russia
South Korea national football team managers
AEL Limassol managers
C.S. Marítimo managers
FC Zenit Saint Petersburg managers
UEFA Euro 1992 managers
UEFA Euro 1968 players
1970 FIFA World Cup players
Soviet Top League players
FC Dynamo Kyiv players
FC Shakhtar Donetsk managers
FC Lokomotiv Moscow managers
FC Dynamo Moscow managers
Russian Premier League managers
FC Tom Tomsk managers
Ukrainian Premier League managers
Merited Coaches of the Soviet Union
Merited Coaches of Ukraine
Honoured Masters of Sport of the USSR
Recipients of the Order of Honour (Russia)
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Association football forwards
Russian expatriate football managers
Ukrainian expatriate football managers
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36916443
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibiladeniye%20Mahanama
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Bibiladeniye Mahanama
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Bibiladeniye Mahanama Thero is a Buddhist monk of the Theravada Order. The thero is the only Buddhist priest in Asia of the Theravada order to actively engage in the experimentation and the creative exploration of music as a form of aesthetic expression. The thero has been actively engaged with the art, both on overseas projects as well as in Sri Lanka for nearly two decades.
Share the Love, the album released in 2014, is his very first experimental attempt on Spirituality and Relaxation. The album was released in Europe, Asia and Sri Lanka. In 2015 the album was awarded the prestigious State Music Award for the best album produced in Sri Lanka.
In 2017, the venerable entered the world of cinema with the musical direction debut on the film Girivassipura’ directed by Devinda Konhahage. It is recorded that this is the first ever time a Buddhist priest achieved such a milestone.
Since then, he has worked on many films, documentaries, theme songs and musical pieces.
Bibiladeniye Mahanama Thero also works on a variety of Meditation, Mental well-being and Mood Uplifting music experimentations within the mobile App space. On this platform his most notable are with Mind Supply of the USA and Rest Tech India are notable.
The Thero is also recognized as the pioneer who introduced Conceptual Musical Short Films to Sri Lanka. In 2019, he started work on the first Conceptual Musical Short Film – Wallstory. It was released on the digital stream in 2020. This was a milestone for the Sri Lankan Cinema Music industry. On the 21st of September, 2021 on World Peace Day, he released the second Conceptual Musical Short Film – Piece for Peace, to celebrate peace and inter-religious harmony.
The thero’s contribution to society is not limited to only music, cinema, Buddhist philosophy and spiritual harmony. The creative contribution too is immense. The most notable being the restoration of the research based “Jathaka” Stories Recitals project in 2015-16. The “Jathaka Katha” (Jathaka Stories) is one of the most important works of literature in the Theravada Buddhist Tradition. With the participation of over 150 Buddhist monks, the Jathaka Stories were recorded in the traditional Jathaka Stories recital form. The project was envisioned as a means of preserving the traditional recital of Jathaka Stories in its original style, for posterity. The restoration work is a 500 plus hour voice recording project that was overlooked by Venerable Bibiladeniye Mahanama thero.
Venerable Bibiladeniye Mahanama Thero is also the Music Director from the Sri Lankan end, on the Television drama series “You Are Always with Me”, jointly produced by the People’s Republic of China and the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. It is the first Television Drama series co-produced between Sri Lanka and China and was directed by Cui Yali.
Even at this young age, he holds various positions in global associations working that work on environmental and animal welfare, as well as multi-religious and welfare organizations. The thero is also the founder of the Share the Love Foundation Of Ceylon and Sandhara Spiritual Buddhist Aesthetics & Arts Centre.
Early life and education
Bibiladeniye Mahanama was born on 31 October 1989 at the government hospital in Dompe. His birth name, Wanaviraja Wasala Mudhiyanselage Lahiru Madhusanka, was given to him by his mother, Indrani Tennakoon, and father, Wanaviraja Wasala Mudhiyanselage Abeyratne Bandara. He is the eldest of their three children. Lahiru had his primary education at Jayanthi Central College in Nikaweratiya. He was ordained a Buddhist monk on 27 July 1999 and given his present name Bibiladeniye Mahanama. He is a student of Wahantare Siddhartha thero at Sri Shailathalaramaya - Panduwasnuwara. His initial Pirivena education was at the Paramadhamma Cheitiya Pirivena in Ratmalana since 1999, and continued his higher studies at the Sri Pandukabhya Pirivena in Panduwasnuwara. His Advanced Level education was at the Kurunegala Baudhaloka Vidyawarthana Pirivena under the guidance of Wahantare Siddhartha Thero.
He was awarded a scholarship to study computer science and music at the Kobeigana-Crasda Computer Institute, where he later worked as lecturer for two years from the age of 17. With the encouragement of Wahanthare Siddhartha Thero, he studied North Indian music styles and guitar technique under the musician Danister Perera. Bibiladeniye Mahanama was awarded a full scholarship by musician Dilup Gabadamudalige to study at his institute for computerised music and sound engineering in Pelawatte for two years – 2007–2009.He also studied the basics of North Indian vocal styles under the musician and professor, Dayaratne Ranatunge and Usthad Gulam Nihaz Khan in Mumbai.
Music career
Bibiladeniye Mahanama went on to work with professional musicians in Sri Lanka and internationally as a composer, director, music arranger, and recording artist.
Music arrangement and composition
Thimiraya, short film directed by Vidarshana Rathnayake – 2008
Marayage Maga, short film directed by Isuru Sandakelum – 2008
Paligenima, short film directed by Vidarshana Rathnayake – 2008
Akashadeepa, television film with Karthik Sharma (India), directed by Sakkarebailu Srinivas – 2012
Sheela & Marius, animated film based on the children's book by Predi Vukovi (Switzerland) – 2012
Solo Buddhist Song Project,Produced by University of Visual and Performing art – Colombo – 2013
Documentary Film, Produced by Sri Lankan General Hospital Service - 2015
Theme music , Produced by Sri Lankan Lawyers Association's Social Awareness - 2016
Sasara Wassanaya - Derana Tv , Produced by Devinda Koongahage - 2016
Girivassipura , Directed by Devinda Koongahage - Upcoming
The Hospital Service, Documentary Film - Colombo Hospital Service - 2017
Vajirarama Dhamma school, Documentary Film for Celebrating Century - 2018
Adithya Ayurvedic Hospital Profile, Documentary Film - 2019
You are always with Me, China - Sri Lanka Collaboration television Film - 2019
Mahinda Madihaheva Profile, Documentary Film - 2019
Ramesh Pathirana Profile, Documentary Film - 2020
Chandu, Sri Lankan Election Commission Campaign themes - 2020
Sri Lanka Signal Crops, Sri Lankan Army Signal Crops Documentary - 2020
Climate Change, Secretariat Sri Lanka - TVC Series With Ruwan Costa, 2020
Gandhara - Buddhist Heritage of Pakistan, A Documentary Film produced by "High Commission of Pakistan in Sri Lanka - 2021
,
Music and background recordings
Karuna Nadee, Buddhist oratorio by Dinesh Subasinghe – 2010
Sundarai Premaya, television drama directed by Chandrathna Mapitigama, with music direction by Dinesh Subasinghe – 2007–2009
Hitata Wahal Vimi, television drama directed by Mohan Niyaz with music direction by Dinesh Subasinghe
Sihina Wasanthaya, television drama (final episode) directed by Sunil Costa, Sanjaya Nirmal, and Saranga Mendis with music direction by Dinesh Subasinghe
Me Uyanata Mal Genna film directed by Chandrathna Mapitigama with music direction by Dinesh Subasinghe – 2009–2010
Hiru Dutu Malak, film directed by Cleatus Mendis with music direction by Dinesh Subasinghe – 2011
Surangana Lovin Evilla, film directed by Suneth Malinga Lokuhewa with music direction by Dinesh Subasinghe – 2011–2012
Siwamma Dhanapala, stage play by Tennyson Cooray with music direction by Dinesh Subasinghe – 2012
Kaviya , An Educational Poem Collection with Ranjith Premaweera – 2016
Dhamma School Theme Song , Reproduction by Sirsa TV with Ranjith Premaweera – 2016
Jathaka GATHA - PEO TV Poem - 2018
Kurulu Geesara , An Educational Song Collection with Chamra Ruwanthilaka – 2019
Soundtracks
Derana Little Star with Peshala Manoj
Symphony of Buddhism
Nature and Environment, lengthy instrumental work with nature sounds, with Sri Lanka Nature forum
Kataragama, with Nimantha Heshan
"Share the Love" theme music and "In this Environment" for the Share the Love open-air concert at Battaramulla on 4 July 2011.
Sheela & Marius, animated film based on the children's book by Predi Vukovi (Switzerland) – 2012
Derana Little Star - Final - Soundtrack - 2016 with Peshala Manoj
Nidahasata Pakshawemu - 2017
Youth Wesak - UN WESAK DAY - 2018
Iti Pahanweta - Easter Day Attac Memorial - 2019
Mind Supply Relaxation Music Collection - 2020
Maliban Buiscut Cooprate with mama's boys Films - 2020
AIA Insurance (Director Cuts) with Nilan Cooray - 2020
Albums
Premaye Namen, with Charith Priyadhammika – 2007
Sudu Piyumak Se, children's song album, with Lahiru Chamalka, – 2008
Sansara Sangramaye, collection of Buddhist songs performed by Sri Lankan singers, with Dinesh Subasinghe
Kampitha Sewaneli, collection of songs by Jayasena Kottegoda performed by Sri Lankan singers
Share the Love relaxation Music album – 2014,
Breath Of Life - Upcoming
Awards
"State Music Awards - 2015" for Best album For Share the Love relaxation Music album"
Other
Sri Lanka National Drugs Prevention & Operation Unit theme song
Sri Lanka Environmental Ministry theme song (2009)
Bo Sevana Pre-School theme song, Bo Sevana Foundation
"Rima Rima", theme for Yanni's holiday celebration by Street Team 2010, with Dinesh Subasinghe
"Independence" theme song on Sirasa Superstar Generation 04, with Nimantha Heshan
Pansiya Panas Jathaka Poth Wahanse, Audio Version of 548 Stories
"Buddhist chanting Suttras" with Omalpe Sobhitha Thero – 2015
References
External links
Official website
Profile on talenthouse.com
Sri Lankan composers
Sinhalese musicians
Sri Lankan film score composers
Buddhist music
1989 births
Living people
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259657
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perrysburg%20%28town%29%2C%20New%20York
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Perrysburg (town), New York
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Perrysburg is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 1,626 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry and is located in the northwest corner of the county. The town contains the census-designated place also named Perrysburg, formerly an incorporated village.
History
The town of Perrysburg was formed in 1814 as the "town of Perry" from the towns of Hebe and Olean. It originally consisted of the entire western half of the county and was created because the county did not yet have a centralized government; Hebe and Olean were administered as part of Allegany County. Perry was governed as part of Niagara County (which at the time also covered the entirety of what is now Erie County) until Cattaraugus County achieved self-government in 1817.
In 1818, the same year Little Valley and Great Valley were split off to govern the southwest part of the county, the town changed its name to "Perrysburgh". Eventually, likely at the behest of the United States Board on Geographic Names during the Benjamin Harrison administration in the 1890s, the spelling became "Perrysburg." Over the course of the 19th century, the town was divided to form what are now all of the towns in northwestern Cattaraugus County: Dayton, Persia, Otto, East Otto, Mansfield, New Albion, and Leon.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.44%, is water.
The northern border is Cattaraugus Creek with Erie County on the opposite bank. The western border is Chautauqua County.
The town's geographic location results in frequent and heavy lake-effect snow events during the fall and winter. It is often the site for maximum snowfall accumulations. A hill rising to over on the southern edge of the town contributes to orographic enhancement, intensifying snowfall. From December 10 through December 17, 2013 nearly () of snow fell on the town, with the majority of it being lake-effect snow. Some locals have named Perrysburg the snow capital of Western New York.
New York State Route 39 is an east-west highway through the town.
Adjacent towns and areas
To the west is the town of Hanover in Chautauqua County. The southern border is formed with the town of Dayton. The eastern border is the town of Persia and the village of Gowanda. The northern border is formed with the Cattaraugus Reservation and the town of Brant in Erie County.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,771 people, 685 households, and 487 families residing in the town. The population density was 62.1 people per square mile (24.0/km2). There were 752 housing units at an average density of 26.4 per square mile (10.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 94.52% White, 0.34% Black or African American, 3.39% Native American, 0.06% Asian, 0.34% from other races, and 1.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.62% of the population.
There were 685 households, out of which 28.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.1% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.8% were non-families. 24.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.87.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.3% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 26.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.8 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $37,212, and the median income for a family was $44,231. Males had a median income of $34,028 versus $23,828 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,453. About 7.1% of families and 13.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.7% of those under age 18 and 14.1% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in the Town of Perrysburg
Balltown – A hamlet near the town's western border with the town of Hanover in Chautauqua County.
Cattaraugus Creek – A stream that forms Perrysburg's northern border with the towns of Collins and Brant in Erie County.
Cattaraugus Indian Reservation – A reservation of the Iroquois (more commonly known as the Seneca Nation of Indians), which is partially in the town. As a part of the Seneca Nation, the reservation is a semi-autonomous sovereign territory, and generally not within the jurisdiction of the town or the state of New York.
Perrysburg – The census-designated place and former village of Perrysburg in the south-central part of the town, located on NY Route 39.
Versailles – This hamlet, a former milling community, using the power of Cattaraugus Creek, is located in the northeast corner of the town. The community is east of the junction of County Roads 42 and 58.
West Perrysburg – The hamlet is located by the Cattaraugus Reservation on County Road 78 in the western part of the town.
Notable people
Herbert E. Farnsworth, Medal of Honor recipient
Warren B. Hooker, former US congressman
Martha McBride Knight, founding member of the Female Relief Society of Nauvoo of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
Vinson Knight, early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement
Tucker Lowes, post Reconstruction indentured servant, serving as first mate on the Dawn Treader
Freeman Nickerson, early missionary in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
Phil Ochs, folk-protest singer
Sonny Ochs, radio host
Burr Sprague, Wisconsin jurist and legislator
References
External links
Town of Perrysburg official website
Early history of Perrysburg, NY
Towns in New York (state)
Towns in Cattaraugus County, New York
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7218144
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauli%20Nevala
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Pauli Nevala
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Pauli Lauri Nevala (born 30 November 1940) is a Finnish former javelin thrower.
His first major international meet was the 1962 European Athletics Championships in Belgrade, where he went out in the qualification round. The next year saw him step up to the very upper echelon of javelin throwers with his new personal best (and national record) of 86.33 meters, thrown in Helsinki on 16 July 1963. This was very close to the world record at the time (86.74 m).
In the Olympic year 1964 however, Nevala had major problems even breaking 80 meters and did not enter the Tokyo Olympics as a favorite. He cleared the Olympic qualification quite easily while the world record holder, Terje Pedersen of Norway, was knocked out – the first man not to qualify. In the final Nevala threw confidently from the start, and took the lead with his fourth throw of 82.66 m, his best that year. This was eventually enough for a victory, narrowly ahead of Gergely Kulcsár.
After the Olympics Nevala's career stagnated. He finished fourth at the 1966 European Athletics Championships at Budapest. His attempt to defend his Olympic title at the 1968 Summer Olympics was cut short in the qualification as his longest throw was controversially declared flat and he failed to advance to the final.
In 1969 Nevala's career had a major resurgence, as he finally broke his six-year-old personal best multiple times, culminating in a 91.40 m throw in his home town of Teuva. At the 1969 European Championships Nevala took the silver medal behind Jānis Lūsis of the Soviet Union. Nevala has later openly attributed this resurgence to anabolic steroids, which were not yet forbidden at the time.
In 1970, Nevala was arguably the best javelin thrower in the world winning 50 out of his 55 competitions. He threw over 90 meters in 5 competitions, over 85 meters in 32 competitions and over 80 meters in 52 competitions. His top 10 average of the season was 90.12 m and all-season average 85.86 m. Nevala's personal best of 92.64 m in Helsinki on 6 September 1970 landed only 6 cm short of Jorma Kinnunen’s world record. In addition to the world's best performance of the year, Nevala was ranked number one javelin thrower by Track & Field News.
Nevala and Kinnunen intentionally fouled all their qualification throws at the 1970 Finnish Championships as a protest against the Finnish Amateur Athletic Association. The protest eventually led to an improved stipend system.
Nevala's career suddenly ended in April 1971 when, in his very first competition of the year at Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, he injured his shoulder so badly he could never throw seriously again.
References
1940 births
Living people
People from Raseborg
Finnish male javelin throwers
Olympic gold medalists for Finland
Athletes (track and field) at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes of Finland
European Athletics Championships medalists
Medalists at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists in athletics (track and field)
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