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25479505
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gord%20Kruppke
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Gord Kruppke
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Gordon W. Kruppke (born April 2, 1969) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played 23 games in the National Hockey League for the Detroit Red Wings.
Awards
WHL East Second All-Star Team – 1989
External links
1969 births
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Detroit Red Wings draft picks
Detroit Red Wings players
Living people
Ice hockey people from Alberta
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8024
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics%20of%20the%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo
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Demographics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
|
This article is about the demographic features of the population of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
As many as 250 ethnic groups have been distinguished and named. The most numerous people are the Luba, Mongo, and Bakongo.
Although 700 local languages and dialects are spoken, the linguistic variety is bridged both by the use of French, and the intermediary languages Kikongo ya leta, Tshiluba, Swahili, and Lingala.
Population
The CIA World Factbook estimated the population to be over 105 million as of 2021 (the exact number being 105,044,646), now exceeding that of Vietnam (with 98,721,275 inhabitants as of 2020) and ascending the country to the rank of 15th most populous in the world. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 46.3%. 51.1% of the population was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 2.7% was 65 years or older
.
The total number of males was approximately 45,548,000 (48.1%), while the total number of females was approximately 49,134,000 (51.9%)
Census
The first and so far only census conducted in DR Congo dates from 1984.
Vital statistics
Registration of vital events in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is incomplete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.
Fertility and Births
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR) for urban and rural areas:
The Wanted Fertility Rate is an estimate of what the fertility rate would be if all unwanted births were avoided.
Fertility data per province, as of 2014:
Life expectancy
Ethnic groups
More than 250 ethnic groups have been identified and named, of which the majority are Bantu. The four largest groups - Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande collectively make up about 45% of the population. 5,000 people from Belgium and 5,000 people from Greece currently live in DR Congo.
Bantu peoples (80%):
Luba (18%), Mongo (17%), Kongo (12%)
Others: Ambala, Ambuun, Angba, Babindi, Baboma, Baholo, Balunda, Bangala, Bango, Batsamba, Bazombe, Bemba, Bembe, Bira, Bowa, Dikidiki, Dzing, Fuliru, Havu, Hema, Hima, Hunde, Iboko, Kanioka, Kaonde, Kuba, Kumu, Kwango, Lengola, Lokele, Lupu, Lwalwa, Mbala, Mbole, Mbuza (Budja), Nande, Ngoli, Bangoli, Ngombe, Nkumu, Nyanga, Pende, Popoi, Poto, Sango, Shi, Songo, Sukus, Tabwa, Chokwe, Téké, Tembo, Tetela, Topoke, Ungana, Vira, Wakuti, Yaka, Yakoma, Yanzi, Yéké, Yela etc.
Central Sudanic/Ubangian :
Ngbandi, Ngbaka, Manvu, Mbunja, Moru-Mangbetu, Zande, Lugbara
Nilotic peoples :
Alur, Kakwa, Bari, Logo
Pygmy peoples :
Mbuti, Twa, Baka, Babinga
More than 600,000 pygmies (around 1% of the total population) are believed to live in DR Congo, mainly in forests, where they survive by hunting wild animals and gathering fruits.
Languages
The four major languages in the DRC are French (official, from colonization), Lingala (a lingua franca, or trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Swahili), Kikongo ya leta, and Tshiluba. In total, there are over 200 ethnic languages.
French is generally the language of instruction in schools. English is taught as a compulsory foreign language in Secondary and High Schools around the country. It is a required subject in the Faculty of Economics at major universities around the country and there are numerous language schools in the country that teach it. Former President Kabila himself is fluent in both English and French, as was his father.
Religions
A survey conducted by the Demographic and Health Surveys program in 2013-2014 indicated that Christians constituted 93.7% of the population (Catholics 29.7%, Protestants 26.8%, and other Christians 37.2%). An indigenous religion, Kimbanguism, was practiced by 2.8% of the population, while Muslims make up 1.2%.
Another estimate (by the Pew Research Center in 2010) found Christianity was followed by 95.8% of the population.
The CIA The World Factbook gives the following percentages: Roman Catholic 29.9%, Protestant 26.7%, Kimbanguist 2.8%, Other Christian 36.5%, Islam 1.3%, Other (includes Syncretic Sects and Indigenous beliefs) 2.7%.
The Joshua Project, a Christian missionary organisation, gives the following percentages: Roman Catholic 43.9%, Protestant 24.8%, Other Christian 23.7%, Muslim 1.6%, Non-religious 0.6%, Hindu 0.1% other syncretic sects and indigenous beliefs 5.3%.
Other demographic statistics
These are some other demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019.
One birth every 9 seconds
One death every 40 seconds
One net migrant every 28 minutes
Net gain of one person every 12 seconds
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook.
Population
85,281,024 (July 2018 est.)
81.34 million
Note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and gender than would otherwise be expected (July 2017 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years: 41.25% (male 17,735,697 /female 17,446,866)
15-24 years: 21.46% (male 9,184,871 /female 9,117,462)
25-54 years: 30.96% (male 13,176,714 /female 13,225,429)
55-64 years: 3.63% (male 1,472,758 /female 1,625,637)
65 years and over: 2.69% (male 974,293 /female 1,321,297) (2018 est.)
Median age
total: 18.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 206th
male: 18.6 years
female: 19 years (2018 est.)
Birth rate
40.1 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Death rate
9.1 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Total fertility rate
5.7 children born/woman (2020 est.)
Population growth rate
2.33% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 31st
2.42% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth
19.9 years (2013/14 est.)
note: median age at first birth among women 25-29
Contraceptive prevalence rate
20.4% (2013/14)
Net migration rate
-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 105th
-0.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population
note: fighting between the Congolese Government and Uganda- and Rwanda-backed Congolese rebels spawned a regional war in DRC in August 1998, which left 2.33 million Congolese internally displaced and caused 412,000 Congolese refugees to flee to surrounding countries (2011 est.)
Given the situation in the country and the condition of state structures, it is extremely difficult to obtain reliable data however evidence suggests that DRC continues to be a destination country for immigrants in spite of recent declines. Immigration is seen to be very diverse in nature, with refugees and asylum-seekers - products of the numerous and violent conflicts in the Great Lakes Region - constituting an important subset of the population in the country.
Additionally, the country's large mine operations attract migrant workers from Africa and beyond and there is considerable migration for commercial activities from other African countries and the rest of the world, but these movements are not well studied. Transit migration towards South Africa and Europe also plays a role. Immigration in the DRC has decreased steadily over the past two decades, most likely as a result of the armed violence that the country has experienced.
According to the International Organization for Migration, the number of immigrants in the DRC has declined from just over 1 million in 1960, to 754,000 in 1990, to 480,000 in 2005, to an estimated 445,000 in 2010. Valid figures are not available on migrant workers in particular, partly due to the predominance of the informal economy in the DRC. Data are also lacking on irregular immigrants, however given neighbouring country ethnic links to nationals of the DRC, irregular migration is assumed to be a significant phenomenon in the country.
Figures on the number of Congolese nationals abroad vary greatly depending on the source, from 3 to 6 million. This discrepancy is due to a lack of official, reliable data. Emigrants from the DRC are above all long-term emigrants, the majority of which live within Africa and to a lesser extent in Europe; 79.7% and 15.3% respectively, according to estimates on 2000 data. Most Congolese emigrants however, remain in Africa, with new destination countries including South Africa and various points en route to Europe.
In addition to being a host country, the DRC has also produced a considerable number of refugees and asylum-seekers located in the region and beyond. These numbers peaked in 2004 when, according to UNHCR, there were more than 460,000 refugees from the DRC; in 2008, Congolese refugees numbered 367,995 in total, 68% of which were living in other African countries.
Religions
Roman Catholic (55.8%), Other Christian (39.1%), Folk religion (2.5%), Islam (2.1%), None (0.5%)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 97.5 (2015 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 91.5 (2015 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 6 (2015 est.)
potential support ratio: 16.8 (2015 est.)
Gender ratio
At birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
Under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 58.1 years (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 213rd
male: 56.5 years (2018 est.)
female: 59.7 years (2018 est.)
total population: 56.93 years
male: 55.39 years
female: 58.51 years (2015 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 44.5% of total population (2018)
rate of urbanization: 4.53% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
HIV/AIDS
Adult prevalence rate: 0.7% (2017 est.)
People living with HIV/AIDS: 390,000 (2017 est.)
Deaths: 17,000 (2017 est.)
Major infectious diseases
Degree of risk: very high
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever and ebola.
Vectorborne diseases: malaria, plague, and African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) are high risks in some locations
Water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2005)
Nationality
Noun: Congolese (singular and plural)
Adjective: Congolese or Congo
Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write French, Lingala, Kingwana, or Tshiluba
Total population: 77%
Male: 88.5%
Female: 66.5% (2016 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 10 years (2013)
male: 11 years (2013)
female: 9 years (2013)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24
total: 8.7% (2012 est.) Country comparison to the world: 134th
male: 11.3% (2012 est.)
female: 6.8% (2012 est.)
Congolese diaspora
The table below shows DRC born people who have emigrated abroad in selected Western countries (although it excludes their descendants).
These are only estimates and do not account for Congolese migrants residing illegally in these and other countries.
See also
Congolese ethnic groups:
Alur
Azande
Chokwe
Hema
Kakwa
Lendu
Luba
Mangbetu
Twa
Yaka
Lunda
Other articles
Health in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
References
External links
, International Rescue Committee, January 2008 (estimates 5.4 million excess deaths above sub-Saharan average from 1998 to 2007)
Democratic Republic of the Congo society
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25234704
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIS%20Ski%20Flying%20World%20Championships%201994
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FIS Ski Flying World Championships 1994
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The FIS Ski Flying World Ski Championships 1994 took place on 20 March 1994 in Planica, Slovenia for the record fourth time. It also counted for World Cup. They previously hosted the championships as being part of Yugoslavia in 1972, 1979 and 1985. This was the first large international sporting event in Slovenia after they declared its independence in 1991 following the Ten-Day War.
Schedule
All jumps over 200 metres
Chronological order:
202 metres (663 ft) – 17 March – Andreas Goldberger, WR crash (1RD, Practise)
203 metres (666 ft) – 17 March – Toni Nieminen WR (1RD, Practice)
202 metres (663 ft) – 17 March – Andreas Goldberger (2RD, Practise)
207 metres (679 ft) – 18 March – Christof Duffner WR crash (1RD, Official training)
209 metres (686 ft) – 18 March – Espen Bredesen WR (1RD, Official training)
201 metres (659 ft) – 18 March – Andreas Goldberger (2RD, Official training)
200 metres (656 ft) – 18 March – Jaroslav Sakala (2RD, Official training)
Fair play
Espen Bredesen (172 and 182 m) switched his silver medal with Roberto Cecon (160 and 199 m) bronze at the press conference after medal ceremony, as he deserved it more due to ridiculous rule which didn't allow to score jumps exceeding 191 metres.
Historic 200 metres barrier broken
On 17 March 1994 sports history was made. Austrian ski jumper Andreas Goldberger became the first person in history to jump over barrier, but it didn't count, as he touched the snow with his hands at during practice.
On the same day and also in the first round, just a few minutes later after Goldi, Finnish ski jumper Toni Nieminen made a history and officially became the first person to land on his feet over when he stood at .
Competition
On 17 March 1994 practise session with 36 on start in two rounds was on schedule with historic 200 metres barrier broken and started with WR by test jumper Martin Höllwarth at 196 metres. But Miran Tepeš was honoured to be the first, landing at 163 metres.
On 18 March 1994 official training in front of 20,000 people with two rounds were on schedule and third round was canceled due to strong wind. Before that 15 trial V-jumpers made practise test jumps. In the first round Christof Duffner crashed from a huge height at 207 metres (679 ft) metres world record distance. About 15 minutes later Espen Bredesen set the third and last world record that year at 209 metres (686 ft).
On 19 March 1994 first day of competition was on schedule but canceled due to strong. Unfortunate to 40,000 people visiting the event, crowd was very disappointed as they didn't manage to see a single jump that day.
On 20 March 1994 second day of competition was on schedule in front of 30,000 people and without any weather problems. The event marked the last time the 191 meters rule—jumps that exceeded the distance points didn't register further—was in use. At the time the single day event also counted for World Cup points and statistics. Only 2 of 4 jumps counted into final results. Czech Jaroslav Sakala became the world champion.
Practise
13:00 PM — 17 March 1994 — incomplete
Official training
9:00 AM trial round — 18 March 1994 — incomplete — 43 on start list
Official results
10:00 AM — 20 March 1994 — Two rounds — chronological order
Points were officially scored maximum as 191 metres jump. World record. First official over 200 metres. Crash at world record distance. World record. Fall.
Ski flying world records
Not recognized! Touch. First ever jump over 200 metres in history. First official (standing) jump over 200 metres in history.
Medal table
References
FIS Ski Flying World Championships
1994 in ski jumping
1994 in Slovenian sport
March 1994 sports events in Europe
Ski jumping competitions in Slovenia
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18612566
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9F%20%28TV%20series%29
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Gümüş (TV series)
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Gümüş (Turkish for "silver") is a Turkish melodrama originally broadcast in Turkey by Kanal D from 2005 to 2007 and very popular in Arab world with a name of Noor which has 85 million viewership on its last episode.
Plot
After the death of his girlfriend in a car accident, Mehmet's grandfather suggests that he marry Gümüş, who has loved Mehmet since childhood. Initially happy about the marriage, Gümüş despairs when she realizes that his heart is not in it. Eventually, Mehmet falls in love with her, and her dream comes true.
Cast
Popularity
In Saudi Arabia, 3-4 million viewers admit to watching the program daily on the Saudi-owned MBC channel. The show's final episode attracted a record 85 million Arab viewers when it aired last Aug. 30.
The success of Gümüş for MBC has sparked a boom in dubbed Turkish dramas across many leading Arab sat-casters. MBC even launched a pay-TV channel in partnership with pay-TV platform Showtime Arabia entirely dedicated to Gümüş that allows viewers to watch episodes of the sudser around the clock.
In Bulgaria, Gümüş is also very popular and every episode is watched by at least 2 million viewers. In the result of its popularity, Songül Öden came to Bulgaria and was a guest in the Bulgarian TV shows "Dancing Stars 2" and "Slavi Show".
She also visited Albania as a guest in the "Kënga Magjike" festival in 2011. It is above average in Pakistan and was airing on Geo Tv but was transferred on Geo Kahani in Pakistan. The series was also popular in Macedonia. Gümüş was one of the first series shown in Macedonia, and now the popularity of the Turkish series in Macedonia is growing.In 2020 Gümüş again star in Urdu Dubbing Online Youtube channel Drama Central
Reception and influence
Gümüş and Mehmet observe Ramadan, and their marriage is arranged by Mehmet's grandfather but the characters break with tradition in other ways. Characters are shown drinking wine with dinner, partying, and kissing onscreen which has been deemed inappropriate for younger audiences such as children. Mehmet is depicted to have had sex (and an illegitimate child) before marrying Gümüş, and one of his cousins has an abortion. Perhaps most significantly, Gümüş and Mehmet's marriage is depicted (in an idealized way) as a modern partnership between equals, in which Mehmet supports his wife's career ambitions as a fashion designer. The AP reports that the show "seems particularly effective in changing attitudes because it offers new content in a familiar setting: Turkey is a Muslim country, inviting stronger viewer identification than Western TV imports."
Maternity wards report a rise in the baby names Noor and Mohannad.
Clothing stores throughout the Middle East report brisk sales of blouses and dresses seen on the television series.
The show encouraged Arabs to visit Turkey. The success of Noor in the Arab world was partly attributed to the fact that it was dubbed into the Syrian dialect—a widely understood living variety of Arabic—and not into the little spoken formal Arabic which had hitherto been used to dub Mexican telenovelas.
The final episode
In the final episode of the series, the time is moved forwards to 14 years later and the audience sees that everyone has grown up and are all living a happy life. Gümüş is writing in her diaries about what has happened for the past 13 years and shows us how all the characters have grown up and changed including her current pregnancy.
Series overview
References
External links
Turkish drama television series
Television series by D Productions
Turkish television soap operas
2005 Turkish television series debuts
2007 Turkish television series endings
2000s Turkish television series
Kanal D original programming
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39616219
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundtrack%20for%20the%20Voices%20in%20My%20Head%20Vol.%2003
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Soundtrack for the Voices in My Head Vol. 03
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Soundtrack for the Voices in My Head: Volume 03 is the third production-based and sixth overall studio album by the American electronic rock artist, Celldweller. It is the third album in the Soundtrack for the Voices in My Head series.
Production
Like Wish Upon a Blackstar and Soundtrack for the Voices in My Head Vol. 02, SVH Vol. 03 was released in Chapters.
It was hinted already in February 2013, but it was formally announced on Klayton's Facebook page on May 9, 2013. The album was revealed in an advertisement placed by Position Music at The Golden Trailer Awards. The first song that Klayton mentioned from the album was "Down to Earth", but it is not included on Chapter 01, but rather in Chapter 2 of End of an Empire.
Release
Chapter 01
Information about Chapter 01 was first posted on The Orchard. Alongside the cover art, it was revealed by the website that the first Chapter will include four tracks and will be released on July 16, 2013. On June 26, 2013, Klayton announced that the first Chapter of the album would be released earlier, on July 2, 2013, exclusively on iTunes, while it would be released on the previous release date on other online stores, including FiXT Store. The FiXT Store release includes two alternate song versions and a Limited Edition CD of 150 hand numbered copies.
Track listing
References
Celldweller albums
2013 albums
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4676513
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rest%20Inside%20the%20Flames
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Rest Inside the Flames
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Rest Inside the Flames is the third album by American metalcore band 36 Crazyfists. It was released in Australia on June 10, 2006 and in Europe and the UK on June 12, 2006. The album was released in the US on November 7 via the band's new North American label, DRT Entertainment. Almost two months prior to the album's official release date of June 12, the album was leaked and began appearing on P2P sites.
The album features guest vocals by Killswitch Engage frontman Howard Jones on the track "Elysium", as well as Jonah Jenkins (vocalist of Milligram and ex-vocalist of Only Living Witness) on the track "We Cannot Deny". Crazyfists frontman Lindow was pleased with Jenkins appearance on the album and said, in an interview, "Only Living Witness was one of our favorite bands growing up, so we really wanted him to be on the record. Over the years, I made friends with him online, which is a little weird. But he lives in Boston so he came down to New Jersey when we were recording, and that was awesome."
The first single released from the album was "I'll Go Until My Heart Stops".
Track listing
Personnel
Brock Lindow – vocals
Mick Whitney – bass
Thomas Noonan – drums
Steve Holt – guitar, background vocals, co-producer
Tom Gomes – drums on "We Cannot Deny"
Howard Jones – guest vocals on "Elysium"
Jonah Jenkins – guest vocals on "We Cannot Deny"
Production
Jeff Chenault – creative director
Monte Conner – A&R
Erin Farley – assistant engineer
Larry Mazer – management
Daragh McDonagh – photography
Andy Sneap – mastering, mixing
Arun Venkatesh – assistant engineer
Sal Villanueva – producer, engineer
Charts
References
36 Crazyfists albums
2006 albums
Roadrunner Records albums
DRT Entertainment albums
Albums produced by Sal Villanueva
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3158405
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosby%E2%80%93Kugler%20capsule
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Crosby–Kugler capsule
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The Crosby–Kugler capsule, also called the Crosby capsule, is a device used for obtaining biopsies of small bowel mucosa, necessary for the diagnosis of various small bowel diseases. This capsule was originally invented by Dr. William H Crosby to assist in diagnosing Coeliac disease.
The capsule, attached to a long tube, is swallowed. The other end of the tube remains outside the patient's mouth. When the capsule has reached the desired section of bowel, suction is applied to the tube. This suction triggers a mechanism in the capsule which causes a spring-loaded knife to sweep across an aperture in the capsule, cutting away any mucosa protruding into the aperture. The capsule is then pulled up by the tube, and the biopsied tissue is retrieved from within the capsule chamber.
Since about 1980, it has been possible to perform adequate biopsies on adults during an upper endoscopy, relegating the Crosby capsule to use mainly in children.
References
Crosby WH and Kugler HW: Intraluminal biopsy of the small intestine: the intestinal biopsy capsule.
The American Journal of Digestive Diseases, May 1957, 2 (5): 236–241.
Greene HL, Rosensweig NS, Lufkin EG, Hagler L, Gozansky D, Taunton OD, Herman RH. Biopsy of the small intestine with the Crosby–Kugler capsule. Experience in 3,866 peroral biopsies in children and adults. The American Journal of Digestive Diseases, 1974 Mar;19(3):189–98.
Medical equipment
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56749666
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gino%20de%20Pellegr%C3%ADn
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Gino de Pellegrín
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Gino de Pellegrín (7 September 1926 – 26 May 2004) was an Argentine alpine skier. He competed at the 1948 Winter Olympics and the 1952 Winter Olympics.
References
1926 births
2004 deaths
Argentine male alpine skiers
Olympic alpine skiers of Argentina
Alpine skiers at the 1948 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 1952 Winter Olympics
People from Bariloche
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42180348
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robinsonia%20marginata
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Robinsonia marginata
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Robinsonia marginata is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1909. It is found in Guyana and French Guiana.
References
Moths described in 1909
Robinsonia (moth)
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5475150
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado%20Medical%20Society
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Colorado Medical Society
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The Colorado Medical Society (CMS) is the largest group of organized physicians in Colorado.
This nonprofit organization is composed of physicians, residents and medical students. It was founded in 1871 to promote the art and science of medicine and to improve public health. Projects include a congress for health care reform, a technology fair, and lobbying for legislation to improve the health of the State's citizenry. Recent initiatives and resolutions have created electronic health projects such as COEKG.
History
In 1871 the Dr. Henry King Steele of the Denver Medical Association led an initiative to establish a state medical society. The Territorial Medical Society was established on September 19, 1871, when physicians from across the territory attended a meeting in a Denver district courtroom. It became the Colorado State Medical Society in 1876.
References
External links
Colorado Medical Society Home Page
Non-profit organizations based in Colorado
Public health organizations
Organizations established in 1871
American Medical Association
1871 establishments in Colorado Territory
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616920
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reload%20%28Tom%20Jones%20album%29
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Reload (Tom Jones album)
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Reload is the 34th album by Tom Jones, released in 1999. It contains fifteen duets with a range of artists including Van Morrison, Cerys Matthews, Stereophonics, Robbie Williams and Portishead, recorded with their usual record producers and in their usual studios. The tracks are mainly cover versions, with a new version of one of Jones' own songs, "Looking Out My Window" (1968), and one original track, "Sex Bomb".
Reload became the highest seller of Jones' career, reaching number one on the UK Albums Chart in 1999 and again in 2000. Its biggest single was the collaboration with Mousse T, "Sex Bomb", which reached number 3 on the UK Singles Chart, and was later used in a 2003 episode of The Simpsons (a show Jones had guest starred on in 1992). The album has sold more than four million copies worldwide. The album was not released in the US; instead the compilation Reloaded: Greatest Hits was issued there in 2003 and featured highlights from Reload.
Release
The album was released on 16 September 1999 in the UK by Gut Records and was released a little later in the US by V2 Records. Five singles were released from the album: "Burning Down the House" (September 1999), "Baby, It's Cold Outside" (December 1999), "Mama Told Me Not to Come" (March 2000), "Sex Bomb" (May 2000), and "You Need Love Like I Do" (November 2000)
Reception
Reload became the highest seller of Jones' career, reaching number one on the UK Albums Chart in 1999 and again in 2000.
Track listing
Note
A "special edition" release of the album also includes remixes of "Sex Bomb" and "You Need Love Like I Do" as bonus tracks.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications and sales
Notes
References
External links
Official Website
1999 albums
Vocal duet albums
Tom Jones (singer) albums
V2 Records albums
Gut Records albums
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41041127
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitcornutia%20caracae
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Gravitcornutia caracae
|
Gravitcornutia caracae is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Minas Gerais, Brazil.
The wingspan is 11 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is brownish white with brownish suffusions. The markings are brownish. The hindwings are brownish cream, but browner in the apex area.
Etymology
The species name refers to the type locality, Caraca.
References
Moths described in 2010
Gravitcornutia
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
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29499220
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%20Internazionali%20Tennis%20Val%20Gardena%20S%C3%BCdtirol%20%E2%80%93%20Doubles
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2010 Internazionali Tennis Val Gardena Südtirol – Doubles
|
Michail Elgin and Alexandre Kudryavtsev won the final against Tomasz Bednarek and Michał Przysiężny 3–6, 6–3, [10–3].
Seeds
Draw
Draw
External links
Main Draw
Internazionali Tennis Val Gardena Sudtirol - Doubles
Internazionali Tennis Val Gardena Südtirol
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63113316
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellac%C3%ABrk%C3%AB
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Bellacërkë
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Fortesë (Bellacërkë) is a village in Rahovec municipality.
Notes
References
Villages in Orahovac
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8107717
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.C.%20Kiyovu%20Sports
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S.C. Kiyovu Sports
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Kiyovu Sports Association, more commonly known as S.C. Kiyovu Sports, Kiyovu Sports or Kiyovu, is an association football club based in Kigali, Rwanda. The team currently competes in the Rwanda National Football League, and plays its home games at Mumena Stadium or Amahoro Stadium. The club's reserve team currently competes in the Rwandan Third Division. The club has won seven league titles, three trophies, and one super cup, and was the only Rwandan club to go a whole season unbeaten in 1990.
Kiyovu Sport Club was the first Rwanda football team to join the Football League, between 1948 and 1957. They started in the first division and were relegated only once, in 2017.
Champions 7
1968: kiyovu sports (kigali)
1970: Kiyovu Sports (Kigali)
1971: Kiyovu Sports (Kigali)
1983: Kiyovu Sports (Kigali)
1989:kiyovu Sports (Kigali)
1992: Kiyovu Sports (Kigali)
1993: Kiyovu Sports (Kigali)
Trophies 3
1977: Kiyovu Sports
1984: Kiyovu Sports (Kiyovu 3-0 Eclair)
1985: Kiyovu Sports (Kiyovu 2-1 Etincelle)
Super Cup 2
1987:kiyovu sports (kiyovu sport fc 2-0 panthére fc)
1992: Kiyovu Sports (Kiyovu Sport FC 2-1 Rayon Sport FC)
Peace Cup Finalist
1995: Kiyovu Sport vs APR FC (APR FC)
1996: Kiyovu Sport vs APR FC (APR FC)
1997: Kiyovu Sport vs RWANDA FC (RWANDA FC)
2019: Kiyovu Sport vs A.S Kigali
Current squad (2021–22)
Current technical staff
References
Kiyovu Sport
Association football clubs established in 1964
1964 establishments in Rwanda
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15480853
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Best%20of%20Lari%20White
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The Best of Lari White
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The Best of Lari White is a compilation album, released in 1997, by American country music artist Lari White. It is composed mainly of tracks from her first three albums for RCA: Lead Me Not (1993), Wishes (1994), and Don't Fence Me In (1996). The tracks "Amazing Grace" and "Helping Me Get over You" (a duet with Travis Tritt) were previously unreleased on any of White's albums, although "Helping Me Get Over You" was included on Tritt's 1996 album The Restless Kind.
Track listing
References
[ Best of Lari White] at Allmusic
1997 compilation albums
Lari White albums
RCA Records compilation albums
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37512509
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eijir%C5%8D%20%28given%20name%29
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Eijirō (given name)
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Eijirō, Eijiro or Eijirou (written: 英治郎, 英次郎 or 英二郎) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
, Japanese artist
, Japanese footballer
, Japanese actor
, Japanese footballer
, Japanese actor
Fictional characters
a character in the manga series My Hero Academia
Japanese masculine given names
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44521989
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garrigus
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Garrigus
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Garrigus is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alice Belle Garrigus (1858–1949), American religious figure
Carl Garrigus (1931–1975), American football player
Charles B. Garrigus (1914–2000), American poet
Harry L. Garrigus (1876–1968), American animal scientist and educator
Robert Garrigus (born 1977), American golfer
Thomas Garrigus (1946–2006), American athlete
See also
Garrigues (disambiguation)
Fred Garrigus Holloway (1898–1988), American educator
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65937964
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lje%C5%A1evi%C4%87i
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Lješevići
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Lješevići () is a village in the municipality of Kotor, Montenegro.
Demographics
According to the 2011 census, its population was 192.
References
Populated places in Kotor Municipality
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13516240
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KTLI
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KTLI
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KTLI (99.1 FM) is a radio station in Wichita, Kansas, and licensed to El Dorado, Kansas. The station airs the K-LOVE Contemporary Christian programming from the Educational Media Foundation. El Dorado Licenses is a wholly owned subsidiary of EMF.
History
KTLI signed on the air in 1972 at 99.3. Its format history includes rock and adult contemporary as KOYY and country as KSPG-FM.
In February 1988, Gary & Ann Violet purchased KSPG-FM along with KSPG-AM 1360. The country format was dropped on the FM side for urban contemporary as KBUZ (see KYQQ), targeting Wichita, despite its (at the time) poor signal. In the fall of 1989, KBUZ upgraded its signal for better coverage over Wichita; the power increased from 3 kW to 50 kW. Along with an increase in its power, the station changed frequencies from 99.3 to 99.1. The format leaned slightly towards a rhythmic Top 40 direction for a brief period and later moved back to an urban direction.
In December 1991, the Violets once again sold KBUZ along with KSPG-AM. At Midnight on December 6, the new owners dropped KBUZ's urban format again, and changed to contemporary Christian as "Light 99" (the KTLI call letters would be adopted on January 12, 1993). KTLI now carries the satellite fed K-LOVE contemporary Christian music format.
References
External links
Station website
TLI
TLI
K-Love radio stations
Radio stations established in 1972
1972 establishments in Kansas
Educational Media Foundation radio stations
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45340626
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan%20Kelly%20%28footballer%29
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Dan Kelly (footballer)
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Daniel Kelly (25 June 1904 – August 1941) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as an inside forward or an outside forward in Scottish football for Blantyre Victoria and Hamilton Academical, in the Football League for Derby County, Torquay United, York City and Doncaster Rovers, in Irish football for Dundalk and was on the books of Clapton Orient without making a league appearance.
References
1904 births
People from Blantyre, South Lanarkshire
Sportspeople from South Lanarkshire
1941 deaths
Scottish footballers
Association football forwards
Blantyre Victoria F.C. players
Hamilton Academical F.C. players
Derby County F.C. players
Torquay United F.C. players
York City F.C. players
Doncaster Rovers F.C. players
Dundalk F.C. players
Leyton Orient F.C. players
Scottish Football League players
English Football League players
Scottish Junior Football Association players
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28856920
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yenagi
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Yenagi
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Yenagi ("ಏಣಗಿ"), is a village, named after renowned theatre personality Sri Yenagi Balappa (ಏಣಗಿ ಬಾಳಪ್ಪ), situated in Saundatti Taluk of Belagavi district in the southern state of Karnataka, India.
References
Villages in Belagavi district
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14284062
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Gang
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Martin Gang
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Martin Gang ( – ), was an American lawyer. Gang was a graduate of Harvard and the Boalt Law School, and was known for providing legal aid to victims of the 1940s and 1950s Hollywood blacklist. Martin Gang was involved in the founding of the American law firm now known as Gang, Tyre, Ramer, Brown & Passman, Inc. (originally Gang, Kopp, and Brown), and remained within the firm from 1931 to his death.
Legacy
Gang worked to dissolve the Hollywood blacklist, from when it was founded in 1947 to its end. In the 1950s, he provided legal representation to movie industry workers who cooperated with the House Un-American Activities Committee and was a leading member of the American Jewish Committee. In 1951, Gang represented Gene Autry in a lawsuit against Republic Studios. Other distinguished clients that Martin Gang worked with include George Burns, Bob Hope, Olivia de Havilland, Myrna Loy, Lucille Ball, and Frank Sinatra.
Furthermore, Gang was one of the McCarthy era's most frequent "clearance" lawyers in Hollywood. He devised methods of allowing publicly known communist-sympathizers to avoid the studio blacklists and counseled his clients in cooperating with the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). This included admitting their connection to communism, fully repudiating their former beliefs, and sharing information on former friends, colleagues, and acquaintances who were involved in communist groups. To retain his client's interest in keeping their employment, he resided to counseling them to 'name names'. Gang claimed that he "had a responsibility to [his] client and their lives".
Martin Gang's other legacies include acting as a retainer to a faction of the Screen Directors Guild that were fighting efforts by another faction to impose a loyalty oath on members in the 1950s. Additionally, he rescued members of his extended family living in Vienna, Austria from Hitler's Holocaust. In the media, Martin Gang played a role in the 1991 movie Guilty by Suspicion and Auf Wiedersehen: ’Til We Meet Again, which documented the aforementioned rescue of his family.
References
1901 births
1998 deaths
California lawyers
Hollywood blacklist
Harvard University alumni
UC Berkeley School of Law alumni
20th-century American lawyers
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25910700
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jermail%20Porter
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Jermail Porter
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Jermail Porter (born May 24, 1986) is former American football offensive lineman and former wrestler. He was last a member of the Kansas City Chiefs. Porter was not selected in the 2009 NFL Draft since he did not play college football. He was signed as a free agent by the New England Patriots on April 27, 2009. He was later released, and in December 2009 signed with the Kansas City Chiefs. Porter was waived in June 2010.
Porter was Kent State's first All-American wrestler since 1986. Just like Stephen Neal, Porter did not play organized football in any rank, especially college. Similar to Antonio Gates, Porter was a scholarship athlete in another sport for the Kent State Golden Flashes and did not play football.
References
External links
Kansas City Chiefs bio
Kent State Golden Flashes bio
1986 births
Living people
Players of American football from Akron, Ohio
American wrestlers
Kent State Golden Flashes wrestlers
American football offensive tackles
New England Patriots players
Kansas City Chiefs players
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38247047
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleppo%20University%20bombings
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Aleppo University bombings
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The Aleppo University bombings took place on 15 January 2013, during the Syrian Civil War. The bombings killed at least 82 people at the Aleppo University, including students and children. The explosions reportedly struck an area between the University of Aleppo's halls of residence and the faculty of architecture, on the first day of exams. Both sides blamed each other for the explosions. While the university has been a center of antigovernment demonstrations, it is also in a government-held area, with neither side seemingly having had an obvious reason to strike. It was also a refuge for over 30,000 civilians fleeing the fighting in Aleppo.
Syrian officials and media claimed rebels had launched two rockets at the campus from al-Lairamoun area, adding that similar rockets fired from there also hit the Bani Zaid area the same day. Aleppo's governor Mohammed Wahid Akkad called the rocket strikes a "terrorist attack that targeted students on their first day of exams."
The United States blamed airstrikes by government forces for the deaths, and condemned the "despicable attack". The opposition accounts claimed that warplanes had targeted the University in two separate missile attacks three minutes apart, they claim that it is backed by "statements of eyewitnesses and video footage". On 24 January, amateur video footage of a second explosion was released where the roar of over-flying jet, after missile hit, can be heard. Unnamed experts quoted by EA Worldview identified the missile as air-to-ground, as opposed to ballistic missile that Syrian government claimed to hit the university.
CNN claims that most university students blamed the attack on the Syrian government, one student said that the explosions were more accidental. The student said that insurgent fighters just outside Aleppo who apparently were armed with a heat-seeking missile fired it at a MIG fighter, and that the pilot dropped a heat balloon as an evasive tactic, and that the missile followed the balloon and then exploded adjacent to the university dormitories. Other students also reported seeing what they described as heat balloons before the explosions. This does not however explain the second explosion.
The government-affiliated National Union of Syrian Students condemned the terrorist attack on Aleppo University. It said that "armed terrorist groups started to target universities after targeting the infrastructure of the national economy, the public and private institutions, factories, facilities, bakeries and the research centers". The union expressed pride in "the sacrifices of the Syrian Arab Army, wishing mercy upon the martyrs of Syria and the University of Aleppo".
Minister of Higher Education Mohammad Yahya Mu'ala said that President Bashar al-Assad gave his instructions to rehabilitate what has been destroyed in Aleppo University as soon as possible to ensure the process of the education and exams at the university, and rehabilitate all universities and institutions affected and damaged at the hands of "terrorism which targets Syria and its people".
References
Terrorist incidents in Aleppo during the Syrian civil war
Attacks on universities and colleges
Filmed improvised explosive device bombings
Mass murder in 2013
Murdered Syrian children
School bombings
Terrorist incidents in Syria in 2013
January 2013 events in Asia
Attacks on buildings and structures in Syria
Explosions in 2013
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57408280
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald%20Barrett
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Oswald Barrett
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Oswald (Charles) Barrett (1892–1945) was an English artist and illustrator. He also signed his work with the pseudonym "Batt". He produced a wide range of drawings, illustrations and paintings, though is best known for biographical portraits of famous composers.
Barrett was born in Ramsgate, Kent in 1892, and died of leukemia in London in 1945, aged 53 years.
Early life and education
Oswald Barrett was educated at St George's School in Ramsgate. His father was an authority on Oriental art, and the history of London. Before the First World War, Barrett studied at the Camden School of Art in London and began to publish work as a cartoonist. During the war, he served in the Royal West Kent regiment on the North West Frontier in India, where he made drawings of army life. He had training as a violinist, and during his time in the army he played in the regimental orchestra. After the war, he returned to study in London, at the Heatherley School of Art, and Goldsmith's College School of Art.
Work
His career as an illustrator developed in the 1920s, with work appearing in periodicals and books. In 1930 he started to produce drawings for the BBC Radio Times magazine, illustrating articles, programmes, and portraits of famous people. In 1934, the first of the major portraits of composers were published. These proved to be extremely popular with readers, and special editions were produced which readers could purchase for framing.
Barrett also painted (in oils) for his own interest and experimentation, particularly country and mountain scenes.
In 1965, twenty years after his death, an exhibition of his musical work was held at the Royal Festival Hall in London, which included all of the Radio Times composer portraits.
Portraits of composers and The Oxford Companion to Music
Barrett's composer portraits attracted the attention of Percy Scholes and Hubert Foss, music editors at the Oxford University Press. Barrett was asked to contribute portraits to The Oxford Companion to Music encyclopedia, the first edition of which appeared in 1938, and which remained in print in that form until the 1980s.
The composers depicted are: J. S. Bach, Beethoven, Brahms, Byrd, Chopin, Elgar, Handel, Haydn, Liszt, Mozart, Schubert, Schumann, Tchaikovsky, and Wagner. Each has a descriptive note by the artist, for example on the portrait "Beethoven nears the end":
He is seen in his workroom in the old Schwarzspanierhaus. Behind him stands his Graf piano, wrecked by his frantic efforts to hear his own playing. Odd coins lie scattered among the litter on his table. There are his eartrumpets, his conversation books—in which any visitor would have to write what he wished to say—with a carpenter's pencil, letters, quill pens, a broken coffee cup, remnants of food and his candlesticks. The squalid disorder meant nothing to him in those days. He had finished with the world. Since 1824 the medium of the string quartet had absorbed his mind to the exclusion of all else and now, stone-deaf, very ill but still indomitable, he rose to heights which even he had never reached before. His stormy life closed with a revelation which, in the last five quartets, was the crowning glory of his achievement.
Additionally, a colour reproduction of an oil painting titled "Beethoven in Middle Life" appears as a frontispiece to the book (note: this was omitted in some late printings of the book in the 1980s).
The book's editor, Percy Scholes describes the creative process behind Barrett's portraits as follows:
interspersed with [the 'authentic' illustrations] is a series of portraits which might be called 'imaginative' or 'synthetic'—neither adjective, however, quite accurately representing their nature. They are a speciality of the artist Oswald Barrett ('Batt' of the Radio Times), and represent years of research, study, and profound thought on his part. He is an ardent music-lover and a deep student of the great masters, and his process has been to assemble (often by very prolonged correspondence with authorities in different parts of Europe) all the existing pictorial documents concerning those composers at different periods of their lives. This done, he has essayed the double task of producing a portrait that shall penetrate to the mind of the character represented and express his personality, and that shall also, by its circumstantial details (as to which, also, he has carried out a great deal of research), recall to us both the operative influences of his surroundings and the manner in which those surroundings represented his own nature. It is the conviction of all connected with this book that nothing of this sort previously seen has been so successful in achievement, and they gratefully record the fact that the frontispiece, a reproduction of an oil painting specially executed for the purpose, which they regard as the most revealing portrait of its subject in existence, is the artist's personal gift to the volume and testifies to his deep interest in it.
References
External links
A selection of The Oxford Companion to Music composer portraits appear in a Flickr photoset (accessed: 12 May 2018).
English illustrators
Works about composers
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16946156
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972%E2%80%9373%20Cleveland%20Cavaliers%20season
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1972–73 Cleveland Cavaliers season
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The 1972–73 Cleveland Cavaliers season was the third season of NBA basketball in Cleveland, Ohio. The Cavaliers finished the season with a 32–50 record, finishing last in the Central Division and 6th Eastern Conference. This was the 2nd consecutive year with a total win increase. Lenny Wilkens led the team in assists and was named an All-Star.
Offseason
Trades
August 23: Guard Lenny Wilkens and forward Barry Clemens obtained from the Seattle SuperSonics in exchange for guard Butch Beard.
September 21: Cavaliers trade the rights to 1971 second-round draft choice Steve Hawes to the Houston Rockets in exchange for a future undisclosed draft choice.
Draft picks
Note: This table only lists players drafted through the second round.
Roster
Regular season
Season standings
Record vs. opponents
Game log
|-style="background:#cfc;"
| 20 || November 19, 1972 || Atlanta
| W 109–98
|
|
|
| Cleveland Arena5,265
| 6–14
|-style="background:#fcc;"
| 33 || December 16, 1972 || @ Atlanta
| L 94–100
|
|
|
| The Omni6,431
| 9–24
|-style="background:#cfc;"
| 36 || December 26, 1972 || Atlanta
| W 115–96
|
|
|
| Cleveland Arena5,593
| 10–26
|-style="background:#fcc;"
| 48 || January 20, 1973 || @ Atlanta
| L 84–96
|
|
|
| The Omni6,517
| 17–31
|-style="background:#cfc;"
| 56 || February 8, 1973 || @ Atlanta
| W 136–132 (OT)
|
|
|
| The Omni4,535
| 21–35
|-style="background:#fcc;"
| 58 || February 11, 1973 || Atlanta
| L 107–115
|
|
|
| Cleveland Arena6,872
| 21–37
|-style="background:#cfc;"
| 72 || March 13, 1973 || Atlanta
| W 115–107
|
|
|
| Cleveland Arena4,427
| 26–46
Awards and records
Dwight Davis, NBA All-Rookie Team 1st Team
References
Cleveland Cavaliers on Database Basketball
Cleveland Cavaliers on Basketball Reference
Cleveland
Cleveland Cavaliers seasons
Cleveland
Cleveland
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41064891
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golshan%2C%20Gilan
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Golshan, Gilan
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Golshan (; also known as Gulshan) is a village in Licharegi-ye Hasan Rud Rural District, in the Central District of Bandar-e Anzali County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 838, in 248 families.
References
Populated places in Bandar-e Anzali County
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122493
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farber%2C%20Missouri
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Farber, Missouri
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Farber is a city in Audrain County, Missouri, United States. The population was 322 at the 2010 census.
History
Farber was platted in 1872. The community was named for Silas W. Farber, owner of the land upon which the village now stands. A post office has been in operation at Farber since 1872.
Geography
Farber is located at .
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 322 people, 150 households, and 83 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 164 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 92.9% White, 1.6% African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.3% from other races, and 4.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.6% of the population.
There were 150 households, of which 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.0% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.7% were non-families. 38.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.84.
The median age in the city was 42.2 years. 22.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.1% were from 25 to 44; 29.2% were from 45 to 64; and 18.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.4% male and 50.6% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 411 people, 170 households, and 120 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,444.3 people per square mile (566.7/km2). There were 198 housing units at an average density of 695.8 per square mile (273.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 98.54% White, 0.49% Native American, 0.24% Asian, and 0.73% from two or more races.
There were 170 households, out of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.5% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.4% were non-families. 24.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.85.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.6% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 23.6% from 25 to 44, 27.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.8 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $36,250, and the median income for a family was $40,481. Males had a median income of $30,962 versus $19,875 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,622. About 9.1% of families and 10.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.4% of those under age 18 and 4.9% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Farber has a lending library, a branch of the Mexico-Audrain Library District.
References
Cities in Audrain County, Missouri
Cities in Missouri
1872 establishments in Missouri
Columbia metropolitan area (Missouri)
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25645878
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20IV%27s%20expeditions%20to%20Greenland
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Christian IV's expeditions to Greenland
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Christian IV's expeditions were sent by King Christian IV of Denmark-Norway to Greenland and Arctic waterways during the years 1605–1607. The expeditions were commissioned in order to locate the lost Eastern Norse Settlement and reassert sovereignty over Greenland.
History
The expeditions were mostly unsuccessful, partly due to its leaders lacking experience with the difficult arctic ice and weather conditions and partly due to its leaders eventually being given instructions to search for the Eastern Settlement on the east coast of Greenland, which was almost inaccessible at the time due to southward-drifting ice.
The pilot on all three trips was James Hall, who like many others until 1861 trusted "Frobisher's Strait" to be in southern Greenland, whereas it is in fact a bay projecting into southern Baffin Island. The expeditions were respectively commanded by John Cunningham (or "Hans Køning"; 1605), Godske Lindenov (1606), and Carsten Richardson (1607). The Danes had a falling out with the English over the route being taken, far to the south of that recorded in the Bergen and Trondheim archives. They also sometimes searched for the imaginary Island of Buss.
In the same vein, King Christian commissioned an expedition to North America in 1619. The expedition was captained by Dano-Norwegian navigator and explorer, Jens Munk. The ships were searching for the Northwest Passage. The expedition arrived in Hudson Bay landing at the mouth of Churchill River, settling at what is now Churchill, Manitoba. However, it was a disastrous voyage, with cold, famine, and scurvy killing most of the crew.
Ships
(German: "Consolation", also called the Trust, ("The Dog"), and ("The Lapdog"); 60 tons)
("The Red Lion", other spellings Røde Løffue, Løven, or Løffuen ("The Lion"); 70 tons)
("The Cat", also called the Grønlandske Kat; ex-Scottish; 20 tons)
("The Eagle", also rendered in English as Örnen)
Gilliflower (ex-Scottish, also called the Gilliflowre, Gilleflowre, Gillibrandt, and Angeli Brandt)
See also
Cartographic expeditions to Greenland
Danish colonization of Greenland
List of Arctic expeditions
References
Related reading
Mills, William J. (2003) Exploring Polar Frontiers: A Historical Encyclopedia (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-Clio)
History of Greenland
Expeditions from Denmark
1600s in Greenland
Arctic expeditions
1605 in Denmark
1605 in North America
1606 in Denmark
1606 in North America
1607 in Denmark
1607 in North America
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1567131
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost%20Soul
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Lost Soul
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Lost Soul may refer to:
Lost Soul (band), a Polish technical death metal band
Lost Soul (play), a 2007 play by David Kirby
Lost Soul (2009 film), a 2009 film starring Nick Mancuso
Lost Soul: The Doomed Journey of Richard Stanley's Island of Dr. Moreau, a 2014 documentary about the making of the 1996 film The Island of Dr. Moreau
Lost Soul, a flying creature in the video game Doom 3: Resurrection of Evil
Lost Soul Mountain, a summit in Montana, United States
Lost souls, a character type in Soul (2020 film)
See also
Little Lost Soul, an album by Matt Elliott recording as The Third Eye Foundation
Lost (disambiguation)
Lost Souls (disambiguation)
Soul
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25069031
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recon%20%28Lost%29
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Recon (Lost)
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"Recon" is the eighth television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's sixth season of the serial drama television series Lost and 111th episode overall. The episode is written by executive producer Elizabeth Sarnoff and newcomer Jim Galasso and directed by Jack Bender. James "Sawyer" Ford is the character the episode is centered on.
In 2007, The Man in Black (Terry O'Quinn) tasks James "Sawyer" Ford (Josh Holloway) to recon the Ajira Airways Flight 316 plane and passengers. Meanwhile, Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) faces an insane Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin). In a "flash-sideways", Detective James Ford's past issues conflict with his present life.
The episode received mostly positive reviews, despite it being the lowest-watched episode of the season, with 8.87 million viewers.
Plot
2004 (flash-sideways timeline)
James "Sawyer" Ford (Josh Holloway) is a detective for the LAPD, along with his partner Miles Straume (Ken Leung). He is searching for Anthony Cooper, the man who conned his parents, causing his father to kill his mother and then himself (as seen in "Outlaws"). He has recently traveled to Australia in his search, telling Miles that he was instead in Palm Springs. Miles arranges for Sawyer to go on a blind date with Charlotte Lewis (Rebecca Mader). The two hit it off rather well. However, after having sex, Charlotte discovers Sawyer's folder containing information on Cooper, leading Sawyer to angrily throw her out. Miles confronts Sawyer the next day for lying about going to Australia and decides to stop being Sawyer's partner. After realizing how lonely he is, Sawyer visits Charlotte, who turns him down. Sawyer decides to open up about his past to Miles, right when a car being driven by Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly), a fugitive, crashes into his own. He chases her down, leading him to recognize her from their encounter in "LA X".
2007 (original timeline)
Following the events of the episode "Sundown", The Man in Black (Terry O'Quinn) leads the Others he has recruited, along with Sayid Jarrah (Naveen Andrews), Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) and Kate, to rendezvous with his other recruit, Sawyer, who is tending to an injured Jin Kwon (Daniel Dae Kim). The Man in Black sends Sawyer on a reconnaissance mission to the smaller Hydra Island to spy on the survivors of Ajira Airways Flight 316. Back at the camp, Claire attempts to kill Kate while Sayid watches impassively, forcing The Man in Black to break up the fight. The Man in Black later explains to Kate that he told Claire the Others took Aaron in order to give Claire something to "hold on to". He also compares himself to Aaron, stating that his own mother was crazy. Claire later apologizes to Kate and thanks her for taking care of Aaron.
On the Hydra Island, Sawyer finds all the passengers dead and encounters a woman named Zoe (Sheila Kelley), who claims to be the only remaining survivor of Flight 316. Sawyer realizes she is lying; a cavalcade of armed men appear and escort him to their leader, Charles Widmore (Alan Dale), who has returned on a submarine. Sawyer makes a deal with Widmore: he will lead the Man in Black into a trap in exchange for safe passage away from the island. Sawyer travels back to the main island and tells the Man in Black about the deal he made, stating that he is loyal to the Man in Black. Sawyer later reveals his true plan to Kate: to turn both sides against each other and escape on the submarine while both sides are distracted.
Production
This episode is the first to be written by Jim Galasso.
Reception
"Recon" received mostly positive reviews from critics. Review aggregate website Metacritic gave the episode a score of 76 out of 100, indicating "Generally Favorable Reviews". The score was down on the previous week's score of 92. Jeff Jenson of Entertainment Weekly reviewed the episode positively, commenting that although it often seemed to function as a "set-up" episode, it "really worked for [him]" due to the return of Sawyer and "clever, trickster storytelling where every line seemed to have double meaning and so many scenes seemed pregnant with possibilities for what's really going on." Raju Mudhar of the Toronto Star agreed that the episode felt like "mid-game strategic stage setting", but gave a more negative review than Jensen, deeming Sawyer's off island life "pretty cliché and boring" and writing: "The really terrible thing about it is that it started off so promising." Sam McPherson of TV Overmind wrote that the episode defied his expectations, but was still less than stellar, preferring the main island storyline to the "disjointed" off-island plot. McPherson praised the return of Charlotte, opining that Mader gave a "fantastic" performance, and rated the episode "B+" overall. He felt that while "Recon" had weaknesses in the off-island plot, it was still Lost best ever Sawyer-centric episode.
References
External links
"Recon" at ABC
Lost (season 6) episodes
2010 American television episodes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent%20station%20%28North%20America%29
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Independent station (North America)
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An independent station is a type of television station broadcasting in the United States or Canada that is not affiliated with any broadcast television network; most commonly, these stations carry a mix of syndicated, brokered and in some cases, local programming to fill time periods when network programs typically would air. Stations that are affiliated with networks such as The CW, MyNetworkTV or to a lesser degree, even Fox, may be considered to be quasi-independent stations as these networks mainly provide programming during primetime, with limited to no network-supplied content in other time periods.
Independent radio is a similar concept with regards to community radio stations, although with a slightly different meaning (as many non-"indie" commercial broadcasting radio stations produce the vast majority of their own programming, perhaps retaining only a nominal affiliation with a radio network for news updates or syndicated radio programming).
Types of independent stations
Various types of independent stations exist in both commercial and non-commercial broadcast television:
General entertainment independents – The most common variety of independent station; traditional independents opt to fill their daily schedules with programming acquired from syndication distributors (such as feature films, sitcoms and drama series) as well as brokered programming (most commonly, paid and religious programs). Some of these stations carry local news and/or public affairs programming that it either produces or outsources production of to a network-affiliated station (a notable local programming-reliant independent is WJXT in Jacksonville, Florida, which adopted a news-intensive schedule after disaffiliating from CBS in July 2002).
Religious independents – In lieu of being affiliated with a religious broadcaster (such as the Trinity Broadcasting Network, Daystar or 3ABN), religious independent stations instead carry televangelist programs that are acquired off the syndication market and other religious study programs, some of which are produced locally.
Religious-secular independents – Some broadcasters operated by religious entities own independents that feature a mix of religious and secular entertainment programs (the latter type of programming may be subject to editing depending on the station's content requirements), a format that was originated in the 1960s by the Christian Broadcasting Network's television stations; this allows the station to earn revenue through both advertising and viewer donations.
Non-commercial educational independents – Non-commercial educational independents mainly exist in the United States, although one such station exists in Canada; these stations do not maintain a membership with an educational broadcaster such as PBS, opting instead to handle the full responsibility of acquiring educational and entertainment programs intended for distribution to public television stations via syndication, and producing local news, public affairs, instructional, lifestyle and/or documentary programming to fill broadcast hours.
Overview
Early history
During the 1950s and 1960s, independent stations filled their broadcast hours with movies, sports, cartoons, filmed travelogues, and some locally produced television programs, including in some instances newscasts and children's programs. Independents that were on the air during this period would sign-on at times later than that of stations affiliated with a television network, some not doing so until the early or mid-afternoon hours. Another source of programming became available to independent stations by the mid-1960s: reruns of network programs which, after completing their initial runs, were sold into syndication.
As cable television franchises began to be incorporated around the United States during the 1960s and 1970s, independent stations from large and mid-sized markets were imported by these systems via wire or microwave relay to smaller media markets, which often only had stations that were affiliated with the Big Three television networks (ABC, NBC and CBS); these independents became the first "superstations," which were distributed on a statewide or regional basis. In December 1976, Ted Turner decided to uplink his struggling Atlanta, Georgia station WTCG to satellite for national distribution. Soon, other companies decided to copy Turner's idea and applied for satellite uplinks to distribute other stations; WGN-TV in Chicago, KTVU in Oakland-San Francisco, and WPIX and WOR-TV in New York City would begin to be distributed nationally during the late 1970s and early 1980s (in the case of KTVU, it would revert to being a regional superstation by the early part of the latter decade).
By the start of the 1970s, independent stations typically aired children's programming in the morning and afternoon hours, and movies and other adult-oriented shows (some stations aired paid religious programs) during the midday hours. They counterprogrammed local network-affiliated stations' news programs with syndicated reruns – usually sitcoms and hour-long dramas – in the early evening, and movies during prime time and late night hours. In some areas, independent stations carried network programs that were not aired by a local affiliate.
In larger markets such as New York City, Chicago and Los Angeles, independent stations benefited from a ruling by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) that barred network-affiliated stations within the top 50 television markets from airing network-originated programs in the hour preceding prime time. This legislation, known as the Prime Time Access Rule, was in effect from 1971 to 1995, and as a result independents faced less competition for syndicated reruns. Some stations in larger markets (such as WGN-TV in Chicago; KTLA, KCOP-TV and KHJ-TV in Los Angeles; KWGN-TV in Denver; and (W)WOR-TV, WPIX and WNEW-TV in New York City) ventured into local news broadcasts, usually airing at 10:00 p.m. in the Eastern and Pacific time zones, and 9:00 p.m. in the Central and Mountain time zones. Network stations aired their late newscasts an hour later.
From the late 1970s through the mid-1980s, independent stations in several U.S. cities, particularly those that had yet to receive a cable franchise, carried a form of a network affiliation through subscription television networks (such as ONTV, Spectrum and SelecTV); these services – which were formatted very similarly to their pay cable counterparts – ran sports, uncut and commercial-free movies (both mainstream and pornographic, broadcasts of the latter often created legal issues that were eventually largely cleared up due to an FCC regulation that legally allowed the broadcast of programs featuring content that would otherwise be deemed indecent when broadcast "in the clear" if the encrypted signal was not visible or audible to nonsubscribers), and on some services, television specials. Independents usually ran the services during the evening and overnight hours in lieu of running movies and other programs acquired off the syndication market by the station, although a few eventually began to carry these services for most of the broadcast day. The services required the use of decoder boxes to access the service's programming (some of which were fairly easy to unencrypt due to the transmission methods stations used to scramble the signal during the service's broadcast hours); some required the payment of an additional one-time fee to receive events and adult films. As cities added cable franchises, thus allowing people to subscribe to conventional premium television networks like HBO and Showtime, nearly all of the over-the-air subscription services had shuttered operations by the end of the 1980s.
Until the late 1970s, independent stations were usually limited to the larger American television markets, due to several factors. Most smaller markets did not have a large enough population to support four commercial stations. Even in markets that were large enough to support a fourth station, the only available license was on a UHF channel allocation. During the analog television era, the reception quality of UHF stations was not nearly as good as stations on the VHF band, especially in areas with rugged terrain (the reverse is true in the present day with the transmission of digital signals) or in markets that cover large geographic areas. Since independent stations had to buy an additional 16 hours of programming per day – a burden not faced by network-affiliated stations – these factors made prospective owners skittish about signing on a television station as an independent. By the 1970s, however, cable television had gained enough penetration to make independent stations viable in smaller markets. This was especially true in markets that were either located in rugged terrain or covered large areas; in these regions, cable (and later satellite) are all but essential for acceptable television. Nearly 300 independent stations existed in the United States by the mid-1980s, in markets of varying sizes, up from fewer than 100 in 1980. They could buy new shows without cash using barter syndication. Many stations belonged to the Association of Independent Television Stations, a group similar to the National Association of Broadcasters, and which lobbied the FCC on behalf of independents.
In the 1980s, television syndicators began offering original, first-run series such as Solid Gold, Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous, Star Search, Independent Network News and Star Trek: The Next Generation (as well as cancelled network series revived for first-run syndication such as Fame, Too Close for Comfort, Charles in Charge, It's a Living and Baywatch), and made-for-television movies and miniseries like Sadat. This trend primarily benefited independent stations. Independents scheduled these first-run programs during prime time and on weekends.
In the United States, many independent stations were commonly owned. Companies that operated three or more independents included:
Chris-Craft Industries, and its subsidiary BHC Communications
Christian Broadcasting Network
Clear Channel Communications
Cox Enterprises
Gaylord Broadcasting
Grant Broadcasting System
Kaiser Broadcasting, and its successor Field Communications
Meredith Corporation
Metromedia
Pappas Telecasting Companies
Renaissance Broadcasting
RKO General
Scripps-Howard Broadcasting
Sinclair Broadcast Group
Taft Television and Radio Company
Tribune Broadcasting
TVX Broadcast Group, and its successor Paramount Stations Group
Decline
In 1986 several independent outlets, led by the Metromedia stations, formed the Fox Broadcasting Company, the first major venture at a fourth U.S. broadcast television network since the DuMont Television Network shut down in August 1956 (which resulted in some of its affiliates, including those owned by Metromedia, becoming independents). Fox made efforts, slowly at first, to have its affiliates emulate a network programming style as much as possible; but in turn, Fox only carried a late-night talk show at its launch in October 1986, and beginning in April 1987, offered one night of prime time programming a week (on Sundays). The network only programmed two hours of prime time programming each night (and, beginning in the 1990s, some children's programming through Fox Kids), but gradually expanded its prime time lineup to all seven nights until January 1993.
The lack of programming in other dayparts forced most Fox affiliates to maintain the same programming model as independent stations during non-prime time slots, and during its early years, on nights without prime time programming from the network. Fox coerced most of its affiliates to air prime time newscasts (there were some holdouts as late as 2013, while many others opted to run outsourced local newscasts from a competing network affiliate) as well as news programming in other dayparts common with other major network affiliates. WSVN in Miami was the first to deviate from the independent-style format of other Fox stations, choosing to expand its news programming when it joined the network in January 1989 to replace national newscasts and late-prime time network programs it aired as an NBC affiliate; this model was replicated by the major network stations owned by New World Communications and SF Broadcasting that switched to Fox in the mid-1990s, and eventually spread to other news-producing Fox and minor network affiliates and independent stations by the 2000s. Still, many Fox stations programmed the bulk of their days with syndicated programming (which, by the 1990s, consisted primarily of tabloid talk shows and eventually court shows in addition to sitcoms, formats that continue to be the norm for these stations into the 2010s).
In September 1993, many independents began carrying the Prime Time Entertainment Network (PTEN), an ad-hoc programming service that emulated a network model, which featured drama series and made-for-TV movies intended for first-run syndication. In January 1995, many remaining independents, including those that carried PTEN, joined upstart networks The WB and the United Paramount Network (UPN). The WB, UPN and their affiliates used a very similar programming model to that initially used by Fox and its stations during their first four years of existence (although neither network would expand their prime time lineups to all seven nights); the launch of those networks resulted in PTEN's demise in 1997, as most stations that became affiliates of UPN and The WB (whose respective founding parents, Chris-Craft Industries and Time Warner, jointly owned PTEN) either dropped the service or moved its lineup out of prime time when those networks launched. Other stations banded together to become charter outlets of the Pax TV (now Ion Television) network in August 1998, although some of the stations that aligned with Pax had earlier affiliated with its predecessor, the Infomall TV Network (inTV), two years before.
The launches of these networks drastically reduced the number of independent stations in the United States; some mid-sized markets would not regain a general entertainment independent until the early 2000s, through sign-ons of unaffiliated stations and disaffiliations by existing stations from other commercial and noncommercial networks. In 2001, Univision Communications purchased several English language independents in larger markets (which mostly operated as Home Shopping Network affiliates until the late 1990s) from USA Broadcasting to form the nuclei of the upstart Spanish language network Telefutura (now UniMás), which launched in January 2002. Several stations affiliated with The WB and UPN became independent again when the respective parent companies of those networks (Time Warner and CBS Corporation) decided to shut them down to form The CW, which launched in September 2006 with a schedule dominated by shows held over from and an affiliate body primarily made up of stations previously aligned with its two predecessors. Some of the newly independent stations subsequently found a new network home through MyNetworkTV, itself created out of the prospect that the UPN affiliates of corporate sister Fox Television Stations would become independents due to The CW choosing to affiliate with CBS Television Stations and Tribune Broadcasting stations in overlapping markets.
Today
As a result of the various network launches that have occurred since the 1986 launch of Fox, true independent stations have become a rarity. The smallest stations, which in the past would have been forced to adopt a locally originated independent program schedule, now have other options – 24-hour-a-day networks that require no local or syndicated programming for the station to carry; some of these networks, such as AMG TV or America One, follow a full-service variety format, while others are devoted primarily to classic television (such as MeTV) and/or films, or carry mainly niche programming. Many stations that are affiliated with the larger post-1980s networks still behave much like independents, as they program far more hours a day than a station affiliated with one of the Big Three networks.
Current independents follow a very different program format from their predecessors. While sitcom reruns are still popular, expanded newscasts and other syndicated programs such as talk shows; courtroom shows; reruns of recent scripted comedy and drama series; and no-cost public domain programming are common. Another type of content being added to many independent station lineups in recent years has been brokered programming, including infomercials, home shopping and televangelist programs; the Federal Communications Commission did not allow infomercials to be broadcast on American television until 1984, but since then, it has proven to be a lucrative, if somewhat polarizing with viewers, way to fill airtime. During the 1990s when infomercials gained popularity, many stations began broadcasting 24 hours a day rather than signing off at night. By filling the overnight hours with infomercials, the station would be able to generate extra revenue where they had previously been off the air. Home shopping programs (mainly simulcasts of cable services that also have over-the-air distribution such as QVC and the Home Shopping Network) or syndicated programs fill overnight time periods on stations that do not run infomercials during that day part.
Since the FCC revised its media ownership rules to permit station duopolies in August 1999, independents that operate on a standalone basis have become quite rare in the United States and, in turn, independents that are senior partners in duopolies are fairly uncommon. With the proliferation of duopolies and local marketing agreements since that point, most independent stations are operated alongside a major network affiliate (more commonly, one of either ABC, NBC, CBS or Fox), which may share syndicated programming with and/or produce newscasts in non-competitive timeslots for its unaffiliated sister. This is because in most markets, independents tend to have lower viewership than that of a network affiliate, and usually fall within part of the FCC's duopoly criteria (which allows a company to own two stations in the same market if one is not among the four highest-rated at the time of an ownership transaction).
List of notable independent stations, past and present
Partial listing: bold text denotes a current independent station while italic text indicates a defunct station.
List of notable U.S. independent stations
List of notable Canadian independent stations
While independent stations were not as common in Canada, there were several notable examples of such:
Since the mid-1990s, most independent television stations in Canada have merged into television systems (such as CTV Two) by adopting common branding and/or programming, or have become fully owned-and-operated stations of networks with which they had previously had more informal programming arrangements as with CIHF, CICT and CITV, which are all now Global stations. However, this trend was partially reversed in 2009 with the demise of Canwest's E! system, which resulted in three of its stations, with CHCH in Hamilton, CJNT in Montreal and CHEK in Victoria, with CHCH-DT becoming independent; CJNT-DT becoming subsequently affiliated with City in 2012 (later becoming a full-time O&O in 2013) and CHEK-DT becoming independent as well (Although having a secondary affiliation with Yes TV).
CHCH and CHEK are the only television stations in Canada currently operating as independent stations in the American sense of the term. However, since the fall of 2010, these two stations (previously along with CJNT) have resumed sharing some common American programming.
CJON in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, while officially unaffiliated with a network, in practice airs a mix of programming sublicensed from two of Canada's main commercial networks, CTV (which it was formally affiliated with until 2002, with only CTV's news programming being carried on the station since then) and Global, rather than purchasing broadcast rights independently.
CFTU and CFHD in Montreal also operate as independents. However, each of these stations has a specific programming focus: educational programming in the case of the former, and multicultural programming in that of the latter.
Three independent religious stations also exist in Canada: CHNU in the Fraser Valley Regional District, CIIT in Winnipeg, and CJIL in Lethbridge. CIIT and CHNU formerly served as part of the two-station Joytv religious television system from 2005 until the system's dissolution in 2013.
Apart from these, some additional independent stations exist in Canada as community-oriented specialty stations. These stations, such as CFTV-DT in Leamington, Ontario and CHCO-TV in St. Andrews, New Brunswick, transmit at low power.
See also
List of independent television stations in the United States
List of programs broadcast by independent stations
List of United States television networks
Operation Prime Time
Prime Time Entertainment Network
Superstation
References
Television in North America
Television syndication
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince%20Miler
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Prince Miler
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The Prince Miler is a medium-sized pickup truck built by the Prince Motor Company. It remained on the market for four years after the 1966 merger, when Prince dealerships became integrated within Nissan's organization as Nissan Prince Store. By 1970, however, it was integrated with Nissan's newest generation of their offering in this class, the Junior.
History
In September 1957 Prince, the automotive branch of Fuji Precision Industries, introduced the three-seat Miler (AOTH-1/AQTH-1) as a successor to the 1952 Prince Truck (AFTF). Originally a 1.25 ton truck with a 1.5-liter, four-cylinder (FG4), the AFTF truck went through eight iterations, culminating in a 1.5 ton, 60 PS version of the original. The first Milers, on a similar wheelbase, used the same GA30 engine but load capacity increased to 1,750 kg and the AOTH-1 had a slightly longer wheelbase and bed.
On May 4, 1958 the 'New Miler' (ARTH-1) was released. It too retained the GA30 engine and had the same maximum capacity, but with a much longer wheelbase and a longer and wider bed it was much more capable. This was also available with a dropside bed. This was replaced by the ARTH-2 in September 1959. The ARTH-2 received a version of the 1.5 liter four, and by now there was also a "Light Miler" (1.25 ton) version available. The first few model years of the ARTH Miler were also available as the "Prince Light Van", a four-door, six-seater van with panelled sides in the luggage compartment.
In April 1961, the 1.9 litre (GB engined) "Super Miler" was added. This had an engine, which was upgraded to only six months later. By April 1962, only the 1.5 liter, 1.25 ton Light Miler and the big Super Miler remained, while the middle version was discontinued. The Super Miler was now rated for and carried the BRTH-2 chassis code. A "Powr-Lok" differential became an available option four months later, and in September 1962 the front was updated with twin headlights and an altered grille as well as an interior update. This update meant all-new chassis codes, with the T430 being the "Light Miler" and the T431 the "Super Miler".
In July 1965 the T440 series (T441 for the Super Miler) appeared, now with independent double-wishbone front suspension. This was a first for the class in Japan, and together with a new 5-speed manual transmission and powerful engine it was a stand-alone in its class. The same two inline-four cylinder OHV engines of 1,862 cc (now the "G2") and 1,484 cc ("G1"). Payloads remained as before. In 1967, after the merger with Nissan, the trucks were sold as the "Nissan Prince Light Miler" (T446) and "Nissan Prince Miler" (T447). The changes were mostly related to the powertrain, which was now shared with the Nissan Junior: a 1,595 cc OHV R engine for the Light Miler and the 2-litre OHV H20 in the Miler. The transmission was downgraded to a four-speed unit.
In 1970 Miler production ended, as the line was merged with the Nissan Junior 140 series.
References
Miler
Pickup trucks
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50953544
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tango%20Balekile
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Tango Balekile
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Tango Balekile (born 7 March 1996) is a South African rugby union player for the in the Pro14 and the in the Currie Cup and in the Rugby Challenge. His regular position is hooker.
Rugby career
2012–14: Schools rugby
Balekile was born in East London and also grew up there, attending Selborne College. He captained and played rugby for them which resulted in a number or provincial call-ups to represent the Border Rugby Union at various tournaments. In 2012 he played for their Under-16 team at the Grant Khomo Week held in Johannesburg, in 2013 he played for their Under-18 team at the Academy Week held at Glenwood High School in Durban and in 2014, he captained and played for their Craven Week team at the tournament held in Middelburg.
2015: Eastern Province Under-19
Prior to the 2015 season, Balekile moved to Port Elizabeth to join the academy. He was included in the squad that competed in Group A of the 2015 Under-19 Provincial Championship. He played off the bench in their first two matches of the season and scored a try for the team in the second of those, a 41–24 win over . After starting against and appearing as a replacement against , he then firmly established himself as their first-choice hooker, starting their remaining eight matches during the regular season. Eastern Province won eleven of their twelve matches to finish top of the log and to qualify for a home semi-final. Balekile started their 31–15 victory over in the semi-final and the final, in which his side beat the Blue Bulls 25–23 in Johannesburg to win the competition for the first time in their history.
2016: Eastern Province Kings, NMMU Madibaz and South Africa Under-20
At the start of 2016, Balekile played rugby for university side in the Varsity Cup competition. He started one match, a 25–27 home defeat to , and came on as a replacement in two other matches as NMMU finished second-last on the log.
In March 2016, he was included in a South Africa Under-20 training squad, also making the cut for a reduced provisional squad named a week later. In between training with the team, he returned to the Eastern Province Kings to make a single appearance for them in the 2016 Currie Cup qualification series, making his first class debut in a 14–28 loss to Eastern Cape rivals the . On 10 May 2016, he was included in the final South Africa Under-20 squad for the 2016 World Rugby Under 20 Championship tournament to be held in Manchester, England. He started their opening match in Pool C of the tournament as South Africa came from behind to beat Japan 59–19, and also started their next pool match as South Africa were beaten 13–19 by Argentina. He dropped to the bench for their final pool match, coming on shortly after half-time as South Africa bounced back to secure a 40-31 bonus-point victory over France to secure a semi-final place as the best runner-up in the competition. He was restored to the starting line-up for the semi-final, as South Africa faced three-time champions England. The hosts proving too strong for South Africa, knocking them out of the competition with a 39–17 victory. Balekile was again named on the bench against Argentina for the third-place play-off match, again coming on just after half-time as Argentina beat South Africa – as they did in the pool stages – convincingly winning 49–19 and in the process condemning South Africa to fourth place in the competition.
References
1996 births
Living people
Eastern Province Elephants players
Falcons (rugby union) players
Rugby union hookers
Rugby union players from East London, Eastern Cape
South Africa Under-20 international rugby union players
South African rugby union players
Southern Kings players
Pumas (Currie Cup) players
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1766274
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstar%20%281999%20film%29
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Superstar (1999 film)
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Superstar is a 1999 American comedy film and a Saturday Night Live spin-off about a quirky, socially inept girl named Mary Katherine Gallagher. The character was created by SNL star Molly Shannon and appeared as a recurring character on SNL in numerous skits. The story follows Mary Katherine trying to find her place in her Roman Catholic private school. The movie is directed by former Kids in the Hall member Bruce McCulloch. It stars Molly Shannon, Will Ferrell, Harland Williams, and Elaine Hendrix. SNL and Kids in the Hall alum Mark McKinney, who appeared in many of the Mary Katherine Gallagher SNL skits on TV, also has a minor role as a priest. Molly Shannon received a nomination for Blockbuster Entertainment Award "Favorite Actress - Comedy" but lost out to Heather Graham in Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me.
Plot
As a child, Mary Katherine Gallagher (Molly Shannon) rescues a boy with a distinctive birthmark at the public pool. An orphan, she lives with her grandmother (Glynis Johns), and becomes obsessed with achieving “superstardom” and having her first kiss.
At St. Monica’s Catholic high school, Mary dreams of kissing Sky Corrigan (Will Ferrell), the most popular boy in school, but her awkwardness brands her a social outcast. Caught kissing a tree, she is placed in special education, where she befriends Helen Lewengrub (Emmy Laybourne), and new “bad boy” student Eric Slater (Harland Williams) takes an interest in her.
A school talent show is announced with the chance to win a trip to Hollywood and be a movie extra. Mary’s grandmother forbids her from participating, but Helen urges her to audition anyway, as does a vision of Jesus (also Will Ferrell). When she tries to sign up, Mary finds herself in an altercation with head cheerleader Evian Graham (Elaine Hendrix), Sky’s girlfriend. Mary’s grandmother reveals the true reason she will not let Mary perform – Mary’s parents were stomped to death during an Irish stepdance competition.
Having witnessed the fight with Mary, Sky breaks up with Evian, who swears revenge on Mary. Auditioning for the talent show, Mary performs an impassioned rendition of “Sometimes When We Touch”. Evian dumps a bucket of paint on her, inspired by Carrie; humiliated, Mary flees the school with Slater. He brings her to the pool, revealing that he was the boy she saved years ago, and they bond during an impromptu swim. Returning home, Mary finds her grandmother has been informed that Mary earned a place in the talent show. Finally allowing her to perform, Mary's grandmother coaches her and a chorus line of her special education classmates.
As the talent show begins, Evian apologizes to Mary, revealing she and Sky will be dancing together. Mary resolves to perform not to impress Sky, but for herself. In a last-minute confession, Mary relinquishes her dream of becoming a star, instead asking to survive the performance for her grandmother’s sake. Mary and her friends perform to “Out Here on My Own” as Slater, summoned by another vision of Jesus, arrives just in time to watch. The record player inadvertently speeds up, and Mary falls – echoing her parents’ fatal performance – but, encouraged by Jesus, she successfully leads her friends through their performance.
Met with a standing ovation, Mary wins the talent show. Sky kisses her, but she rejects him, and kisses Slater. The film ends as Mary, now dating Slater, again kisses the tree.
Cast
Molly Shannon as Mary Katherine Gallagher
Will Ferrell as Sky Corrigan/Jesus
Harland Williams as Eric Slater
Elaine Hendrix as Evian Graham
Mark McKinney as Father Tylenol Ritley
Glynis Johns as Grandma Gallagher
Jason Blicker as Howard
Gerry Bamman as Father John Insomnic
Emmy Laybourne as Helen Lewengrub
Jennifer Irwin as Maria
Rob Stefaniuk as Thomas Smith
Natalie Radford as Autumn Winters
Karyn Dwyer as Summer Falls
Tom Green as Dylan
Chuck Campbell as Owen
Reception
Superstar received negative reviews from film critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 32% based on reviews from 74 critics, with the consensus: "Dumb script and flat jokes made this another SNL misfire." On Metacritic the film has a score of 42% based on reviews from 22 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade "C+" on scale of A to F.
Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times rated the film one star out of four, writing: "Here is a portrait of a character so sad and hapless, so hard to like, so impossible to empathize with, that watching it feels like an act of unkindness." He furthermore described Shannon's character as "hostile" and "not very nice", stating that "She's one of those people who inspires in you the inexplicable desire to be hurtful and cruel". James Berardinelli of ReelViews, who gave the film two out of four stars, said that "Molly Shannon is a likable, energetic performer" and some of the jokes were "actually funny", but there would still not be "enough here to justify a feature-length movie". He also felt the film's attempts "at developing Mary into something more than a two-dimensional caricature" were pointless since "the script doesn't show any respect for her". Dennis Harvey of Variety magazine gave a positive review, calling the film a "pleasant surprise" as he expected only mediocrity from another Saturday Night Live adaptation. He said it is "amusing" but "uneven", suggesting it might build good word of mouth and do well but would be unlikely to reach the commercial success of Wayne's World.
References
External links
1999 films
American comedy films
1999 comedy films
Films about orphans
American films
Saturday Night Live films
Saturday Night Live in the 1990s
Paramount Pictures films
Films directed by Bruce McCulloch
1990s English-language films
Films produced by Lorne Michaels
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31684209
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergsj%C3%B6%20IF
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Bergsjö IF
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Bergsjö IF is a Swedish football club located in Göteborg.
Background
Bergsjö IF currently plays in Division 4 Göteborg A which is the sixth tier of Swedish football. They play their home matches at the Bergsjövallen in Göteborg.
The club is affiliated to Göteborgs Fotbollförbund. Bergsjö IF have competed in the Svenska Cupen on 8 occasions and have played 12 matches in the competition.
Season to season
In their most successful period Bergsjö IF competed in the following divisions:
In recent seasons Bergsjö IF have competed in the following divisions:
Footnotes
External links
Bergsjö IF – Official website
Bergsjö IF on Facebook
Football clubs in Gothenburg
1964 establishments in Sweden
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7606312
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooks%20Bowman
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Brooks Bowman
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Brooks Bowman (October 21, 1913 – October 17, 1937) composed the song "East of the Sun (and West of the Moon)" which has become a jazz standard.
Biography
A native of Cleveland, Ohio, he graduated from University School in that city, but had completed his first three years of preparatory school at Asheville School in Asheville, North Carolina. He then attended Stanford University for one year before transferring to Princeton University as a sophomore, in the fall of 1933. While an undergraduate student at Princeton he wrote the songs for the Princeton Triangle Club musical titled Stags at Bay in 1934, including "East of the Sun" (which almost didn't make it into the play due to a copyright dispute). Other songs he wrote for the show included "Love and a Dime" and "Will Love Find a Way?" For the Triangle Club production of 1936, he wrote What a Relief! which included the songs "Give Me a Gibson Girl," "Love Will Live On," "A Newspaper Picture of You," and "Then I Shan't Love You Anymore." He was also president of the Princeton Tower Club during his senior year.
Following his graduation from Princeton with the class of 1936, Bowman moved to California where, in 1937, he briefly worked under contract as a songwriter for Selznick International Pictures. Released from his contract in September 1937, he returned to the East where he formed a songwriting partnership, in which he would have been the lyricist, with a former Princeton classmate.
Death
A New York music publisher offered the team a contract, but before it was signed Brooks Bowman died on March 8, 1937 when a car in which he was riding crashed into a stone wall on Cat Rock Road near Garrison, New York. Four days later, on October 21, he would have celebrated his 24th birthday.
He is buried in the family plot at Grandview Cemetery in Salem, Ohio where his family moved while he was attending Princeton University.
Sources
Princeton University Archives
Link: www.tribute-to-brooks.de (in German)
References
American male composers
American musical theatre lyricists
Princeton University alumni
1913 births
1937 deaths
Road incident deaths in New York (state)
Musicians from Cleveland
Songwriters from Ohio
20th-century American composers
20th-century American male musicians
American male songwriters
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37123691
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir%20Nicholas%20Colthurst%2C%204th%20Baronet
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Sir Nicholas Colthurst, 4th Baronet
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Sir Nicholas Colthurst, 4th Baronet (1789–1829) was an Anglo-Irish politician.
He served in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Cork City 1812–1829.
He was the fourth of the Colthurst baronets in the Baronetage of Ireland, only son of Sir Nicholas Colthurst, 3rd Baronet and Harriet LaTouche. In 1810, Sir Nicholas Colthurst got a grant from the British Government for £20,000 to begin the construction of Cork City Gaol. Although pledged to oppose Catholic Emancipation, he felt it necessary at times to temporise on the issue., as he Roman Catholic influence was strong in Cork city.
He married his cousin Elizabeth Vesey and had four sons and one daughter.
References
1789 births
1829 deaths
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Cork City
Colthurst, 04th Baronet
19th-century Anglo-Irish people
UK MPs 1812–1818
UK MPs 1818–1820
UK MPs 1820–1826
UK MPs 1826–1830
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753572
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taraz
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Taraz
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Taraz ( ; known to Europeans as Talas) is a city and the administrative center of Jambyl Region in Kazakhstan, located on the Talas (Taraz) River in the south of the country near the border with Kyrgyzstan. It had a population of 330,100 as of the 1999 census, up 9% from 1989, making it one of the fastest-growing cities in the country, after Nur-Sultan and Turkistan.
One of the oldest cities in Kazakhstan and in Transoxania, built and populated by the ancient Sogdians, Taraz celebrated its official 2,000th anniversary (recognized by UNESCO) in 2001, dating from a fortress built in the area by a Xiongnu Chanyu named Zhizhi, and was a site of the Battle of Zhizhi in 36 BCE. The city was first recorded under the name "Talas" in 568 CE by Menander Protector. The medieval city of Talas was a major trade centre along the Silk Road. Talas was later described by Buddhist monk and traveller Xuanzang, who passed Talas in 629 and later wrote: "Traveling westward from the Thousand Springs 140 or 150 li, we come to the city of Daluosi. The city is 8 or 9 li in diameter; and was settled by Hu ("foreign, non-Oriental") merchants from various nations. The products and the climate are about the same as Suyab." The Talas alphabet, a variant of the Turkic "runiform" Orkhon script, is named for the town.
Talas secured a place in history by virtue of the Battle of Talas (751 CE), which was fought between forces of the Chinese Tang dynasty and those of the Arab Abbasid Caliphate. The battle took place somewhere along the Talas River in the Talas valley. One of its indirect outcomes was the introduction of paper to the West, via the Arab capture of Chinese paper makers.
History
Overview
Numerous archaeological finds and monuments in the foothills of Karatau and in Talas-Assin oasis show the antiquity of settlements in the Talas River valley, supporting Taraz's claim to being the most ancient city in Kazakhstan. The history of the city is composed of several historical periods, interrupted by destruction and depopulation. The first reference historically recorded city linked with Taraz and the basis for the claim of 2000-year-old history is the fortress of Zhizhi that briefly existed at the site of modern-day Taraz in the 1st century BCE. A city known as "Taraz" (or "Talas") is then recorded in the 6th century CE (568 CE) and is known to have existed until its decline in the 13th century. The third historical period begins with the establishment of a Kokand fortress at the end of the 18th century, which in 1864 was named Auliye-Ata (from the Uzbek words meaning saint and father). In 1936, the city was renamed Mirzoyan (Russian: ), after Levon Mirzoyan. After Mirzoyan's arrest in 1938, the city was renamed to Dzhambul (Russian: ), after the Kazakh traditional folksinger Jambyl Jabayev (Dzhambul Dzhabayev). In 1993, the spelling of the city's name was officially changed to Jambyl/Dzhambyl (Kazakh: , Jambyl), and in 1997 the city was renamed Taraz.
The city started to assume its present form when Colonel Chernyev's detachment took over the Aulie Ata fortress and annexed it to the Russian Empire, starting in 1864. Taraz was greatly improved by the Semirechensky railway that passed through the town in 1917.
Prehistoric times
Discovery of caves and ancient campsites during the investigation of the eastern part of the Talas-Assinsky Oasis, in the Karatau Ranges spur has confirmed Bernshtam's opinion (expressed in 1903) that the Talas Valley was settled before the 1st century BC: "It is doubtless that the continuation of valley's research will give older testimonies of man's stay." Remnants of material culture that were found during excavation of Taraz speak about the lifestyle in this territory to the Neolithic period.
Antiquity
The discovery of chest ornaments, bronze statues of kings and remnants of ceramic products in separate parts of the Talas river valley are the evidence of the existence of the life in Taraz region in the bronze epoch. According to the archaeological excavation and available written sources, tribal unions of Saka Scythians had been formed in this territory by the 7th-8th centuries B.C.
Hanshu, 70 from 1st-century, talk about the fortress constructed on Talas River by Zhizhi Chanyu, a prince of Hun (Ch. Xiongnu, Hsiung-nu, etc.). The fortress is believed to have been at the site of modern Taraz.
Medieval Taraz
Early references
The opinion was expressed in 1903 by the authors of the book Turkistan that ancient Taraz (then known as Talas) was situated under modern Taraz. However scarcity of information, inaccuracy of descriptions, and weakness of geography made it impossible to know the location until 1936. Professor Wilhelm Barthold's research established that the location of ancient Taraz was under the Green Bazaar. Further research and archaeological excavations, which were made by an expedition of The USSR Academy of Science in 1938 under the supervision of A. Bernshtam and G. Patsevich to the depth 2–6 meters, made it possible to reconstruct the appearance and cultural – economic importance of ancient Taraz. The latest archaeological data has considerably expanded ideas about Taraz.
The year of Taraz's foundation is generally accepted as 568 A.D., the date of the first written record according to the Greek sources. At that time the Great Silk Road ran across Southern Kazakhstan. It played a major role in trade and cultural exchange between China, India, Byzantium, and Persia. Taraz developed as a fortified tradecraft city on this massive transcontinental artery. Comparatively gentle climate, fertile soil and rich pastures attracted many stock-breeder and farmers. In the 60-s of the 6th century the territory of the First Turkic Kaganate section included Taraz. The Sogdian merchants, who controlled the Central Asian section of the caravan route, were interested in easier access to Byzantium, and initiated trade negotiations first with the Persians, and then with Byzantium. In response, Byzantium sent ambassadors to the Turkic Kaganate, and in the 568 the embassy led by Zemarchus and Maniach to the Muhan Khan arrived in Taraz at the court of Istemi Yabgu. The Persian ambassador also appeared at the court of the Turkic Kagan at the same time, but Istemi Yabgu allied with Byzantium.
Unfortunately, it is not illustrated in the written sources of that time what Taraz looked like but it is said to have been a big city . The Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang, who passed through Taraz in 630 came to the Ta-lo-se and noticed that the perimeter of the wall is 8 to 9 li(according to the Chinese measures one tang li is about 453 meters) in this city alternately. Due to written sources and archaeological investigation it is known from the 1st BC to 5th AD Kangui (Kanglu) tribes lived in the Talas River Valley. Similarity between the excavated materials of Taraz and the Kurgans of the Gynskyi and Usunskyi-Kanguiskyi tribes show the introduction of Turkic language. Mongolian features and elements appear in the settled culture of local mainly European population. According to A. N. Bernshtam's statement it was a period of ethnogenesis for Central Asia's modern Turkic populations Taraz was joined to the Western Turk Khanate. It felt, like other cities of the region, the influence of Sogdian culture.
The evidence suggests that in Taraz, as other cities in Southern Kazakhstan, Turks were the major ethnic element of the population in 4th-13th centuries, together with Sarts, Arabs and Persians . Written sources of Paleo-Anthropological material collected from Kurgans in Southern Kazakhstan show the existence of close ties between Taraz and the Kypchaks, Qarluq populations of nearby valleys. As a result of an internecine struggle amongst Turkish tribal leaders at the beginning of the 8th century the Turkish tribe in the Ili River Valley was divided into two branches: Yellow and Black. The Black(Kara) Turkish owned the Talas River Valley and made Taraz their capital in the middle of the 7th century. In 751 in the Talas River region, upstream from the modern city of Taraz, an army comprising Tang Dynasty troops from China and Kara Turkish mercenaries fought an army from the Abbasid Caliphate. Despite winning the battle, the Caliphate forces withdrew from the region. In 766 the Kara-Turkish tribes were defeated by Qarlugs from the northwest. Later, nearly all the tribes of the former Western Turk Khanate were conquered.
The development of Taraz as a city arose as the result of the development and strengthening of political and economic ties linked to trade along the Silk Road. As a major halt, it flourished amidst a comparatively gentle climate, fertile soil and rich pastures, which attracted many stockbreeders and farmers. The struggle between Persia and Byzantium for control of the route forced both sides to look for allies. Byzantium sent ambassadors to the Western Turk Khanate, and Zemarkha Kililyskyi arrived in Taraz in 568. Simultaneously the Persians sent their ambassador to the Turks, but Istemi Khan was on the side of Byzantium.
Islamic and Persian period
This is the site of the "Battle of Talas"—first and the last military face-off between the Muslim Arab forces and the Chinese imperial troops in AD 750–51. After the Arab conquest of Central Asia in the 7th century and 8th century, the Persian Samanids occupied a major part of Central Asia in the 9th century. By this time Taraz, developing little by little had been a rich city-state typical of Central Asia with a large population and vast agricultural zone. In the late 9th century the Samanids extended their rule into the Steppes and captured Taraz (893), then one of the headquarters of the Karluk kaghan. A large church was transformed into a mosque, and according to one source, the "Amir of Taraz" embraced Islam. The Islamization of Central Asia was due in significant part to the activities of the Samanids, and in Taraz, other pre-existing religions such as Mazdaism, Christianity, Buddhism, and Tengrism were gradually replaced.
The Karakhanids
The Persian Samanids however were defeated by the Turkic Karakhanids who were a confederation of Karluks, Chigils, Yaghmas and other tribes. The Karakhanids were the first Turkic groups to have converted to Islam en masse, and from the 10th to 12th century Taraz was ruled by the Kara-Khanid Khanate as a Muslim state. By the 10th century Taraz had acquired the distinctive features of Central Asian city . Ancient Taraz reached the climax of its development in 11th-12th century under the Karakhanids. Instead of more or less centralized state like the Samanids, Karakhanid Central Asia was divided into many small fiefdoms or appanages. Taraz became an important centre. The political independence of Taraz and autonomy of the circle promoted their development. The power of the city under one of the rulers, Tugan-Khan, was so great that he independently waged a military campaign against Samarkand and temporarily captured it. Kashgar was invaded and it was under the Taraz's power during 15 months. Certainly, this political power was the result of the economic importance of the city. In the Karakhanid Era the main part of Taraz, the Shahristan and Arg, did not grow beyond their sizes in the previous Qarluq-Samanid Era. The Arg lost its main significance in the city's life. The Shahristan became the heart of economic and cultural life of the city. It was there that all the military, administrative, cultural and other establishments that governed life in the medieval feudal city-state took place. At this time in the city and its countryside the mausoleums of Aisha-Bibi and Karakhan were built. Taraz had an underground water system made of terracotta pipes, paved streets, and sewage collection. Of great interest is the Taraz Banya, which was multiple-domed building built from fired brick. In due course under the influence of internecine wars the Karakhanids lost their power and in the end of the 12th century the city was taken by the Kara-Khitans. In 1210 Kara-Khitans were defeated by Khwarazmshah Mohammed.
Mongols
Karakhanid rule did not last long because in 1220 nearly all Central Asia and the territory of modern Kazakhstan were invaded by Mongols. There were no written documents about Taraz's growth under the Mongols after they razed it to the ground. Remnants of fire found during the excavation show that the city was burnt. Probably the town was renamed as Yany ('New'); while mentioning it, European and Arabic sources write "The city Yany, named Taraz before the conquest." Archaeological finds show that the once-lively city under the Mongolian yoke lost its previous significance and independence. The blooming of settled life in Taraz ended and decline began. Under the Chagatayids (descendants of Chagatai Khan) coins were minted in Taraz until 1334. The Tsareviches, who, as Vasa of 14th century states, "burnt the Golden Horde, destroyed Taraz and other cities, and killed the population. They took everything they could take, and burnt the rest. There was a mention of the city again in 1345 in the road guide book as a city laid on the trade route from Transoxiana to Almalyk."
Steady internecine war in Central Asia interfered with the trade with distant countries, and the opening of the sea route from the Western European countries to India stopped the trade on the ancient silk road and led to the decline of the cities on this road.
Kazakh rule
Lost in time, Taraz is mentioned again in 1513 with the coming of the Kazakh tribes. The once famous medieval city and former capital had become a simple settlement, then it was forgotten, as well as its ancient name. By the 16th century the city's territory had been absorbed into the Kazakh Khanate. The archaeological excavation shows Kazakh nomads were involved in the rebirth of Taraz with cultural links connecting the ancient medieval city with the culture of Kazakh people . The confirmation of it is the names of artificial channels stretched from the city. Under the Kazakh Khans in ancient Taraz there was just a small settlement, the inhabitants of which were engaged in craft, agriculture and cattle breeding. In 1723 the Talas Valley, as well as the major part of southern Kazakhstan were invaded by Dzungars who owned it nearly until 1755.
Qing rule
After the Dzungars were eliminated by Qing China in 1755, their entire territory, including Talas area, was annexed by Qing. Qing soldiers patrol the area once a year. Kazakh people were expelled from the area if they were captured pasturing inside the area.
As a result of Dzungars destruction the area became a No man's land, Qing China had to deal with consistent cross-border immigration of Kazakh people. In 1766, Qianlong Emperor ordered to accommodate Kazakh people in Talas area within the border and settled them properly. The area was promptly populated by Kazakh. In fact, the entire Xinjiang was populated by Kazakh during the period as the aboriginal western Mongols of Dzungars were eliminated by Qing in earlier years.
From Auliye-Ata to Modern Taraz
A Kokand fortress
In the beginning of the 19th century, the upper part of the Talas River Valley was again invaded by newcomers. This time it was the Qipchaq soldiers of the Khanate of Kokand. They built a few small fortresses for guarding the border and the caravan route mainly on the ancient cities ruins. Due to the comparatively advantageous position of the fortress which was built on the ruins of ancient Taraz a new town began quickly to grow around it. At first it was named Namangan-i Kochek ("little Namangan"), as the first settlements were from the Persian populated city Namangan, now in Uzbekistan and uzbekified. In 1856 it was renamed Aulie-Ata, in the honor of Karakhan the founder of Karakhanid dynasty. Mullahs, using a legend about the mausoleum of Karakhan in 12th built a new mausoleum with minarets, which had nothing in common with the older one. This new mausoleum preserved the ancient name, "Aulie-Ata" ("holy father"). The town took the same name. By this time the city had become a considerable trade craft center. Annually, a large spring fair was held there. The products of craftsman and agriculture were changed for the things of cattle-breeders. Large consignments of livestock bought at the fair were sent to Tashkent and Fergana through the Karrabul Pass in the Talas-Alatau. The caravan way passed through the city to the north-through Akmolinsk (Nur-Sultan) and Petropavlovsk (Petropavl), to Omsk.
Russian rule
In 1864 Aulie-Ata surrendered after a short siege by Russian forces led by General Mikhail Grigorievich Cherniaev. Soon the line of Russian fortifications across the steppe was connected through Chimkent with the Syr-Darya line. The whole part of this land was included in the Russian state. A new Russian quarter was added to old Aulie-Ata. Its streets were lined with pyramidal poplars, and new houses were built with brick. By that time there were 2,000-3,000 families with houses, shops, mansions, and small adobe houses of the poor. At first it was ruled by a military administration, later in 1867 it became the center of an Uyezd occupying nearly all of the territory of the modern Jambyl Region of Kazakhstan and Talas Region of Kyrgyzstan. The city continued to play a great role in the livestock trade and in breeding. There appeared some small industrial undertakings, including wine-making. In 1876 the first school of a European type was opened by a Russian priest. At that time there were 11,700 inhabitants in the town - besides Russians and Ukrainians there were a lot of Uzbeks; Kazakhs were nearly absent, as they led a nomadic way of life. A full description of the city at the beginning of the 20th century is given in Russian. It is mentioned that Aulie-Ata had a large market fair and some transport offices.
The population consisted of Russians, Uzbeks and Kazakhs.
Ethnic composition of the city according to 1897 census:
total - 11,722
Uzbeks - 8,460 (72.1%)
Russians (including Belarusians) - 1,366 (11.6%)
Kirgiz Kaysak - 589 (5%)
Sart (Tajik and Uzbek settlers from the Zarafshan oases) - 386 (3.2%)
Tatars - 266 (2.2%)
Tajik (Persian speaking merchants from the Fergana oases - 379 (3.2%)
There were 3 churches, 2 mosques, a post telegraph office, a city urban school, a hospital, a military hospital, factories and plants, 1791 apartment houses, 1905 [?] inhabitants . The organization of public services was on a low level, houses were mainly built of adobe.
Soviet period
During the first two decades following the Russian Revolution and the Civil War, Aulie-Ata remained a small town. It was renamed Mirzoyan (Russian: "Мирзоян") in 1936, after Levon Mirzoyan (Левон Исаевич Мирзоян), an ethnic Armenian head of the Communists of Kazakhstan. In 1938, after Mirzoyan was executed during Stalin’s Great Purge for opposing the mass deportation of Koreans to northern Kazakhstan from the south, the city was renamed Dzhambul (Russian: "Джамбул", Kazakh: "Жамбыл") after Zhambyl Zhabayev, a Kazakh akyn (folk singer). Starting in the 1930s, Dzhambul, along with other places in Kazakhstan, became the destination for large numbers of the deported peoples who were subject to internal exile. Millions of Volga Germans, Chechens, Ukrainians, Koreans and other ethnic minorities, along with other marginalized subjects (former kulaks, members of the aristocracy, families of convicted "enemies of the people," etc.) were forced to relocate to Kazakhstan, many of whom settled in Dzhambul. Some were evacuated to Kazakhstan, and to Dzhambul, during WWII from the areas that were, or were feared to come, under German occupation. The city's population continued to grow throughout the 1960s and 1970s in spite of the end of exiles, due to an industrial spurt the city received during that time. As a result, Dzhambul had a highly diverse population composed of multiple ethnic groups, the largest being the Russians, followed by the Kazakhs. Fast-paced industrialization brought many amenities of modern urban living to the city, previously largely unknown, such as typical Soviet apartment blocks as well as condo-style houses, now all supplied with electricity and running water; roads and public transport; several higher education institution; large public parks, department stores, etc.
Although chemical and construction industries made up the core of the city's economy, Dzhambul continued to function as an unofficial trade post with its proximity to the other Central Asian republics and a relatively mobile population. The city was known in the area for its large bazaars with farmers selling agricultural produce from throughout the region.
After independence
Dzhambul, along with much of Kazakhstan, suffered a severe economic crisis in the early 1990s after the break-up of the Soviet Union, with many industries coming to an almost complete halt. The demographics of the city have changed drastically as well. The city lost a significant portion of its population with the exodus of the various nationalities that once made up its diversity, notably the Volga Germans and the Jews, as well as many Russians and Ukrainians. This trend was partially off-set by the migration of Kazakhs from rural areas into the city. The city's name was changed to its Kazakh spelling (Zhambyl) in the early 1992 and to Taraz (Тараз) in 1997. The city's economy has experienced a partial revival in the early 2000s. The city has established a sister city relationship with Fresno, California, United States according to Sister Cities International. In 2001, Taraz also entered into a sister city relationship with Muncie, Indiana.
On November 12, 2011, a terrorist attack and shooting rampage with an Islamist background occurred in Taraz, in which eight people, including five police officers and the perpetrator were killed.
Geography
Climate
Taraz has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk) with strong continental influences. It has a mean January temperature of and a mean July temperature of .
Sports
Taraz is hosting the football team FC Taraz that plays in the Kazakhstan Premier League.Woman Grand Master in chess Bibisara Assaubayeva, the 2021 World Champion in Women's Blitz Chess, is a native of Taraz.
References
Notes
Sources
Е. М. Поспелов (Ye. M. Pospelov). "Имена городов: вчера и сегодня (1917–1992). Топонимический словарь." (City Names: Yesterday and Today (1917–1992). Toponymic Dictionary.) Москва, "Русские словари", 1993.
External links
Тараз. Информационный сайт
Что было в Тысячелетиях Тараза
Semirech'e
Тараз 2000 - Исторические очерки
Qarakhanid Dynasty (Encyclopædia Britannica
Cities and towns in Kazakhstan
Populated places in Jambyl Region
Syr-Darya Oblast
Populated places along the Silk Road
Kazakhstan–Kyrgyzstan border crossings
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22982822
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevgeny%20Ageyev
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Yevgeny Ageyev
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Yevgeni Anatolyevich Ageyev (; born September 25, 1976) is a Russian retired professional footballer.
He made his professional debut in the Russian Second Division in 1992 for PFC CSKA-d Moscow.
References
1976 births
People from Pavlodar
Living people
Russian footballers
Association football defenders
FC Rostov players
PFC CSKA Moscow players
FC Moscow players
FC Zhemchuzhina Sochi players
FC Lokomotiv Nizhny Novgorod players
FC Arsenal Tula players
Russian Premier League players
FC Spartak Nizhny Novgorod players
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52214677
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%20Filter%202
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No Filter 2
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No Filter 2 is the third collaborative studio album by American rappers Lil Wyte and JellyRoll. It was released on November 18, 2016 via Bad Apple Inc. Production was primarily handled by Thomas "Greenway" Toner a.k.a. T-Stoner, along with Phil Bogard and Sonny Paradise. It features guest appearances from Ace of Thug Therapy, Bernz of ¡Mayday!, B-Real, DJ Paul, Doobie, Insane Clown Posse, Jackie Chain, Madchild and Struggle Jennings. The album serves as a sequel to their 2013 album, No Filter.
The album peaked at number 47 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart in the United States.
Music videos were released for the songs: "Demons", "My Smoking Song" and "Bad Bitch".
Track listing
Charts
References
2016 albums
Sequel albums
JellyRoll albums
Lil Wyte albums
Collaborative albums
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41436588
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesleistungszentrum%20Kienbaum
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Bundesleistungszentrum Kienbaum
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The Bundesleistungszentrum Kienbaum (English: Kienbaum National Training Centre) is a training facility for athletes. It is in the Kienbaum district of Grünheide (Mark) in the Oder-Spree district of Brandenburg, Germany.
German Olympic athletes have trained here since 1952. It features a low-pressure underground bunker room, built for altitude training.
References
External links
Buildings and structures in Oder-Spree
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58275746
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrzej%20Pluta
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Andrzej Pluta
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Andrzej Pluta (born 26 April 1974) is a Polish retired basketball player and current coach. He played professionally in Poland and one season in France. His jersey number 10 was retired by Anwil Włocławek, where he played for six seasons.
External links
Profile on Polskikosz.pl
1974 births
Living people
Czarni Słupsk players
KK Włocławek players
Point guards
Polish basketball coaches
Polish men's basketball players
Turów Zgorzelec players
Asseco Gdynia players
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6745602
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern%20WV%20Regional%20Airport
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Eastern WV Regional Airport
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The Eastern West Virginia Regional Airport , also known as Shepherd Field, is a civilian-owned, public use airport located four nautical miles (5 mi, 7 km) south of the central business district of Martinsburg, a city in Berkeley County, West Virginia, United States. It is owned by the Eastern West Virginia Regional Airport Authority or EWVRAA. This airport is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, in which the Federal Aviation Administration categorized it as a reliever airport.
The airport is mostly used for general aviation. The airport authority’s fixed base operator, MRB Aviation offers many services including Air Charter, Aircraft Management, Flight Training (with partner Bravo Flight Training), Aircraft Maintenance, Fuel Sales and Hangar Rentals. The EWVRAA has entered into a joint-use agreement with the West Virginia Air National Guard's 167th Airlift Wing (167 AW), having a presence since 1955 at the adjacent Shepherd Field Air National Guard Base. The 167 AW is an Air Mobility Command (AMC)-gained unit which began operating the Boeing C-17 Globemaster III aircraft in January 2015. Prior to receiving the C-17, the airport had hosted a fleet of larger Lockheed C-5A Galaxy transport aircraft since 2007.
Beginning in July 2006 and running through the fall of 2012, the airport underwent a major improvement program which included the removal of the secondary runway 17/35, an expansion to the primary runway 08/26, and the construction of larger parking areas needed to accommodate the C-5A Galaxy aircraft. This project also included the addition of a new Air Traffic Control tower, Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting station, and hangars for the C-5As, as the existing hangars designed to house the
Lockheed C-130H Hercules were grossly inadequate considering the size of the larger plane. Also in this time period was the construction of a new entrance to the base, three 80,000-square-foot hangars with a maintenance mall, base supply, operations facility, simulator facility, fuel facility and tank farm.
In previous decades, the WVANG also flew many other aircraft types including the F-51 Mustang and F-86 Sabre fighters. The 167th Airlift Wing held an open house in conjunction with the Thunder Over the Blue Ridge Air Show on September 4 and 5, 2010. The United States Air Force Thunderbirds and the United States Army Parachute Team attended the show which drew a crowd of more than 80,000 people.
History
Eastern West Virginia Regional Airport has had airline service through the years into the early 1970s, including Allegheny, Lake Central, and Cumberland Airlines. The last Lake Central timetable before merging with Allegheny in 1968, showed 3 flights a day with one to Elkins, WV & two to Baltimore, using Nord 262 prop jets. After the merger Allegheny continued to serve the airport for several years. Allegheny eventually upgraded the aircraft to Convair 580 prop jets & the nonstop service changed to Washington (DCA) & Clarksburg, WV, with 3 or 4 departures a day.
Facilities and aircraft
The airport covers an area of 998 acres (411 ha) at an elevation of 565 feet (172 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 08/26 with a primarily asphalt surface with portions composed of portland cement concrete (PCC) measuring 8,815 by 150 feet (2,687 x 46 m). This runway also features paved asphalt shoulders of 25 feet on either side laterally and two additional 400-foot paved blast pads on either runway end, making the total paved surface dimensions approximately 9,615 feet in length and 200 feet in width (2,931 x 61 m), by far the largest runway in the state of West Virginia.
For the 12-month period ending May 31, 2018, the airport had 29,303 aircraft operations, an average of 80 per day: 79% general aviation, 20% military, and 1% air taxi. At that time there were 93 aircraft based at this airport: 78% single-engine, 10% multi-engine, 2% helicopter, 1% civilian jet and 9% military.
References
External links
Martinsburg/Eastern WV Regional Airport at West Virginia DOT Airport Directory
WV Air National Guard
Aerial image as of March 1991 from USGS The National Map
Airport Improvement Magazine: "Eastern West Virginia Regional Airport Reconstructs Runway to Handle C-5 Traffic"
Airports in West Virginia
Buildings and structures in Berkeley County, West Virginia
Martinsburg, West Virginia
Transportation in Berkeley County, West Virginia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAVI
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GAVI
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GAVI, officially Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance (previously the GAVI Alliance, and before that the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization) is a public–private global health partnership with the goal of increasing access to immunization in poor countries. In 2016, Gavi channeled more than half of total donor assistance for health, and most donor assistance for immunization, by monetary measure.
Gavi supports the immunization of almost half the world's children. Gavi has helped immunize over 760 million children, preventing over 13 million deaths worldwide, helping increase diphtheria vaccine coverage in supported countries from 59% in 2000 to 81% in 2019, contributing to reducing child mortality by half. It also seeks to improve the economics of vaccines, negotiating bulk prices, supporting price discrimination, and reducing the commercial risks that manufacturers face when selling vaccines to the poor and developing vaccines. It also provides funding to strengthen health systems and train health workers across the developing world, though the effectiveness of its health-system-strengthening programs is disputed.
Along with Global Health Initiatives (GHIs) in general, Gavi was described as innovative, effective, and less bureaucratic than multilateral government institutions like the WHO. Gavi programmes may produce quantified results within an election cycle, which is appealing to parties locked in an election cycle. One author described Gavi's approach to public health as business-oriented and technology-focused, using market-oriented measures, and seeking quantifiable results. Gavi follows a model termed the "Gates approach" or US-type approach. It contrasts with the approach typified by the Alma Ata Declaration, which focuses on the effects of political, social, and cultural systems on health.
Gavi facilitates vaccinations in developing countries by working with donor governments, the World Health Organization, UNICEF, the World Bank, the vaccine industry in both industrialised and developing countries, research and technical agencies, civil society, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and other private philanthropists. Gavi has observer status at the World Health Assembly. GAVI has been criticized for giving private donors more unilateral power to decide on global health goals, prioritizing new, expensive vaccines while putting less money and effort into expanding coverage of old, cheap ones, harming local healthcare systems, spending too much on subsidies to large, profitable pharmaceutical companies without reducing the prices of some vaccines, and its conflicts of interest in having vaccine manufacturers on its governance board. Gavi has taken steps to address some of these concerns.
Sponsors
Gavi runs in five-year funding cycles which enables it to negotiate long-term deals with manufacturers, secure in the knowledge that funding will be available.
Following the latest Global Vaccine Summit in June 2020 hosted in the UK, $8.8 billion (USD) was raised for the funding cycle 2021 to 2025; exceeding the target of $7.4 billion. This included $2 billion from the UK, $1.6 billion from the Gates Foundation and $1 billion from Norway.
The UK government stated that this round of funding would mean that 300 million more children in lower-income countries are immunized for diseases including measles, polio and diphtheria by the end of 2025. Additionally, the funding will support health systems to withstand the impact of coronavirus and maintain the infrastructure necessary to roll out a future COVID-19 vaccine on a global scale.
In the period of 2016–2020 over which US$9.3 billion had been received by Gavi, the UK was the largest donor, providing around 25% of total funding, with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), the US and Norway close behind.
Industrialised countries are GAVI's principal donors, providing approximately three-quarters of the total funding. All donor governments are represented on the Gavi Board through a constituency system (i.e. one donor country will represent several donors in their constituency).
Public-sector workers and academics public health have criticized Gavi, and other global health initiatives (GHIs) with private-sector actors, saying that they have neither the democratic legitimacy nor the capacity to decide on public health agendas. Private donors often find it easier to exert influence through public-private partnerships like Gavi than through the traditional public sector. There is also criticism that staff at GHIs are often recruited directly from elite educational institutions, and have no experience in health care systems, especially those in poorer countries. Some WHO officials have privately criticized Gavi for infringing and weakening the WHO's mandate.
History and programs
Gavi was created in 2000 as a successor to the Children's Vaccine Initiative, which was launched in 1990. In August 2014, Gavi changed its name from "GAVI Alliance" and rebranded itself with a new logo deliberately reminiscent of UN organization logos, but using green as a mark of difference.
Vaccine development and advance market commitments
Advance Market Commitments (AMCs) aim to overcome market failure by making an advance pledge that if a vaccine for a certain condition is developed, meeting certain specifications, donors will buy a certain number of doses. GAVI seeks to design its AMCs in a way that encourages a competitive market.
GAVI has been particularly successful at promoting the uptake of newer vaccines.
Vaccination programs
GAVI's main objective is vaccination programs. Gavi has been the main donor funder of vaccination in low and middle income countries.
In 2012, the first Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) "The right shot" report criticized Gavi for focusing on funding expensive new vaccines and neglecting to give children low-cost older ones. "Twenty percent of the world's children aren't even getting the basic vaccines", MSF's vaccine policy adviser said. MSF criticized the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), a WHO global collaboration of which Gavi is listed as a leader, as flawed for failing to help those 20%, which is some 19 million children.
Pneumococcal vaccine
In 2011, Doctors Without Borders (MSF) recommended that Gavi change the ways in which it buy vaccines. They criticized the pneumococcal vaccine Advance Market Commitment, which means that GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and Pfizer get a subsidy as well as a per-unit payment for supplying doses of pneumococcal vaccine, as "corporate welfare that is scandalously expensive to donors and taxpayers" (in return, the companies committed to sell at least 30 million doses annually for ten years).
The Advance Market Commitment had transferred far more money to GSK and Pfizer than the GAVI grants had transferred to low-cost suppliers for technology transfer and product development. MSF said that large pharmaceutical multinationals had been found to put very high markups on prices, and internationally certified vaccine could be made for about 40% less cost by smaller companies in India and China, despite patent-related obstacles. The duopoly allowed price discrimination; apart from charging slightly higher prices for GAVI, it charged unaffordable prices (about ten time the GAVI price) for middle-income countries too rich for GAVI aid. MSF also highlighted the success of the adapted vaccines program, which makes vaccines that are easier to deliver in remote areas (no need for a temperature-controlled supply chain, looser age restrictions, fewer shots, lower prices, etc.). They recommended that GAVI spend more money on adapted vaccines and on fostering competition, and less subsidizing large pharmaceutical companies.
GAVI responded (on an unspecified date) by agreeing with MSF's goals, but regretting that MSF had discussed the issue in public as well as through its own close ties to GAVI. GAVI said that low prices required large, stable, high-volume deals, and "careful consideration and the support of key constituencies".
In January 2015, MSF also called upon GSK and Pfizer to cut the price of the pneumococcal vaccine to US$5 per child in developing countries, a price they estimated as competitive. On January 27, they responded to Pfizer's commitment to reduce prices by 6% to $10 per child. They said that GSK and Pfizer were being paid $21 per child if GAVI subsidies were included, and the change would not greatly increase affordability for mid-wealth countries, those too rich for GAVI help but too poor to afford the vaccine. They said that, as Pfizer had made $16 billion in profits on pneumococcal vaccine in the last four years, a larger price cut would be affordable. In early 2016, they ran the "A fair shot" campaign to pressure GSK and Pfizer to drop prices. Pfizer said that they were already selling the vaccine at "far below" cost, while GSK said that the price enabled them to "just about" cover their costs, and "To discount it further would threaten our ability to supply it to these countries in the long-term".
Bill Gates responded to MSF, saying "I think there is an organisation that's wonderful in every other respect, but every time we raise money to save poor children's lives, they put out a press release that says the price of these things should be zero". He said that criticizing pharmaceutical company pricing deterred them from investing in medicines for the developing world, and said that instead, pharmaceutical companies should be praised for price discrimination: "We get a great price for these things, which is tiered pricing... And that's how we manage to cut childhood death in half". He also advocated improving low-temperature supply chains (a.k.a. cold chains) in developing countries.
In August 2019, MSF asked GAVI to stop giving Advance Market Commitment subsidies to GSK and Pfizer, whom they called a duopoly, and instead buy vaccine from a new third manufacturer, the Serum Institute of India, which offered the vaccine at 2/3 of the price then offered by the two. As the pneumococcal vaccine made up 40% of GAVI's vaccine purchasing costs, a 33% price drop would save GAVI billions (13% of its total vaccine purchasing costs). Pneumonia kills more than a quarter of children dying before the age of five, almost a million children each year. MSF said that GSK and Pfizer's pricing was exploitative and had left millions of children who could have been protected vulnerable. In December 2019, they reiterated this request, pointing out that the GSK/Pfizer pneumococcal vaccine often costs US$80 in middle-income countries too rich for GAVI support.
In January 2020, MSF repeated the appeal for Gavi to bulk-buy the cheaper pneumococcal vaccine and vaccinate more of the 55 million children who are not vaccinated with it. They also appealed to the World Health Organization, UNICEF, and the Gates Foundation, and said that Gavi could have done more to lower vaccine prices.
Health systems strengthening debate
In the 20-naughts, Gavi had intense internal debate about its role in vaccinations and in health systems strengthening (HSS). This was part of a broader discussion in healthcare about "vertical" approaches (often targeting specific diseases or behaviours) and "horizontal" ones, targeting broad programs such as primary care. At GAVI, some argued that vaccination could not be effectively carried out and sustained without strengthening healthcare, citing experiences in Gavi's vaccination programmes, where availability of staff, training, transport, and funds had hindered vaccination and reporting of vaccination coverage and stocks. There were also worries that Gavi was undermining and paralyzing health care systems. Others argued that HSS was a distraction from Gavi's single-minded focus on vaccines, and HSS was a nebulous concept that could not be defined and quantified.
Major donors Norway and Britain supported HSS; USAID and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (and Bill Gates personally) opposed it. The majority of vaccine experts tended to favour technological rather than HSS-based approaches. Pharmaceutical industry representatives were supportive of HSS, possibly because they saw it as key to sustainable markets for their products. In 2005, a narrow vote brought Gavi to endorse an HSS goal. Up to a quarter of Gavi's funding was dedicated to "strengthening the capacity of integrated health systems to deliver immunisation", in practice it's been around 10%. After 2010, this funding went through a joint-venture Health Systems Funding Platform. Gavi's funding for this platform was conditional on the platform meeting vaccine coverage goals.
As of the mid-2010s, few in Gavi were working on HSS, most of the former pro-HSS people had left, and some at Gavi dismissed HSS as PR to gain support from pro-HSS donors and counter criticisms that Gavi was harming healthcare systems. Such criticisms were generally not a topic that GAVI engaged with internally; the lack of internal engagement with the issue has been criticized. The disagreements were fairly intense; when Bill Gates came to visit GAVI headquarters, employees would hide the HSS-related posters so that he would not be reminded of this aspect of GAVI's work. Julian Lob-Levitt, who was Gavi's CEO between 2004 and 2010, was rumoured to have left over conflicts around his support for health system strengthening. Seth Berkley has been the CEO of Gavi since 2011, .
It has been argued that GAVI's HSS spending in the early 2010s went to selective, disease-specific interventions repackaged as HSS. GAVI's HSS support at this time tended to focus on immunisation strengthening support, especially the building of cold chains. GAVI measured HSS using vaccination coverage as the sole indicator. It set the reporting indicators which were required of recipients of its funding; countries were not allowed to use similar indicators they already collected; this has been criticized for conferring a heavy accounting burden and diverting attention from indigenous goals. National government representatives did sit on the board, but had little influence; one European representative described the environment in the mid-2010s as "highly intimidating".
A 2016 funding-allocation analysis of a sample of GAVI grants found that just over half the money went to purchasing drugs, equipment, supplies, and facilities (and 3% on bonuses and incentive pay,). These are short-term funding activities which the WHO does not consider HSS. The proportions were higher in less-developed healthcare systems. There was no spending on operational research, improving use of existing resources, or developing national drug and vaccine policies. In some grants, HSS funds were mostly spent on day-to-day operational costs, with no exit plan for the funding. GAVI subsequently (before 2018) shifted HSS aid to focus more on sustainability and the principles of the Paris Declaration for Aid Effectiveness.
Market shaping
In 2011 Gavi added "shape the market for vaccines and other immunisation supplies" to its strategic goals.
Pentavalent vaccine
GAVI spent 15 years (2005–2020) with a program for shaping the pentavalent vaccine market to be more stable and competitive. The vaccine price fell with increased competition, and price discrimination declined. Whether Gavi met quantitative goals will be assessed in 2020.
COVID-19 pandemic
CEO Seth Berkley commented that the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic had started off remarkably well. However he cautioned that there was a need for a co-ordination of production at a global level. He advocated that the pandemic needed a global response whereby the best global facilities for separate parts of the processes should then be integrated into a global process. He said he hoped that the G20 countries should work together with a budget of tens of billions of dollars, and that individual countries should be prepared for finished vaccines to be allocated according to greatest need.
In September 2020, Gavi was announced as one of the organisations leading the COVAX vaccine allocation plan, created to ensure that any new COVID-19 vaccine would be shared equally between the world's richest and poorest countries.
The following month, Gavi announced the approval of up to $150 million to help 92 low- and middle-income countries prepare for the delivery of future COVID-19 vaccines, including technical assistance and cold chain equipment.
Later that month, Gavi backed Team Halo, a TikTok centered campaign from scientists in UK, US, South Africa, India and Brazil aimed at improving understanding of Coronavirus vaccine research.
In January 2021, Seth Berkley announced that Gavi hoped to deliver 145 to 150 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines in the first quarter of 2021 and 500 million doses in the second quarter, and then 1.5 billion in the second half of the year.
Awards
Gavi was awarded the 2019 Lasker-Bloomberg Public Service Award for "providing sustained access to childhood vaccines around the globe, thus saving millions of lives, and for highlighting the power of immunization to prevent disease".
Gavi was nominated for the 2021 Nobel Peace Prize by Norwegian MP Carl-Erik Grimstad.
See also
CEPI
COVAX
Economics of vaccines
Vaccine resistance
Vaccine equity
References
External links
International medical and health organizations
Vaccination-related organizations
International responses to the COVID-19 pandemic
Organizations established in 2000
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian%20Footballer%20of%20the%20Year
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Armenian Footballer of the Year
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Armenian Footballer of the Year is an annual award given to the best professional Armenian football player. The winner is elected by Football Federation of Armenia members, referees, inspectors, coaches, captains and presidents of the Armenian Premier League clubs, as well as the journalists and media. On the same occasion, an award is also given for Armenian Coach of the Year.
History
The same year the Football Federation of Armenia was founded, an award for the best Armenian football player began being annually given. The first award was given to former Armenia national football team captain Sargis Hovsepyan in 1992. Hovsepyan, who became the first player to win the award three times, is currently second to Henrikh Mkhitaryan who has won the award nine times (including seven times in a row from 2011 to 2017). Arthur Petrosyan and Armen Shahgeldyan have both won the award twice. Edgar Manucharyan became the youngest player to win the award in 2004 at the age of 16. Hovsepyan became the oldest player to win the award in 2008 at the age of 36.
List of recipients
Number of awards per player
References
Awards established in 1992
1992 establishments in Armenia
Armenian awards
Annual events in Armenia
Football in Armenia
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7026283
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eibon%20Records
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Eibon Records
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Eibon Records is an independent record label from Milan, Italy, founded in 1996. It is owned by Mauro Berchi and primarily focuses on very fringe underground music, noise/ambient and doom metal (the former especially). It is also home to Berchi's own dark ambient group, Canaan. Other acts to have released albums through Eibon Records include Thergothon, This Empty Flow, Nothing, While Heaven Wept, Colloquio, Esoteric, Act Noir, and Beyond Dawn.
Bands having released albums on Eibon Records (A-Z)
A Crown of Light
Act Noir
Amon
Asianova
Beyond Dawn
Canaan
Caul
Circadian
Colloquio
Control
Esoteric
Fire in the Head
First Human Ferro
Gruntsplatter
Maath
Nothing
Reutoff
Thergothon
This Empty Flow
While Heaven Wept
See also
List of record labels
External links
Eibon Records Official Site
Official Bandcamp Site
Canaan Official Site
Italian independent record labels
Record labels established in 1996
Noise music record labels
Ambient music record labels
Doom metal record labels
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%20FC%20Goa%20season
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2015 FC Goa season
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The 2015 season was FC Goa's second season in existence in the Indian Super League.
Background
Brazil's No 10 Zico returned as FC Goa manager for the Indian Super League's second season. Former Brazil skipper and World Cup winner Lucio has signed up as FC Goa's marquee player for the second season. Players retained in the team include- Domestic: Romeo Fernandes, Mandar Rao Desai, Laxmikant Kattimani, Narayan Das, Debabrata Roy, Bikramjit Singh. International: Gregory Arnolin (FRA). Players from the open market include- Domestic: Pronay Halder, C S Sabeeth, Denson Devadas, Joaquim Abranches, Raju Gaikwad, Keenan Almeida, Nicolau Colaco, Luis Barreto. International: Jofre Mateu González (ESP), Lucio (BRA), Elinton Andrade (BRA), Reinaldo Da Cruz Oliveira (BRA), Victor Simões de Oliveira (BRA), Jonatan Lucca (BRA), Léo Moura (BRA). Players selected from draft include forwards Victorino Fernandes and Thongkhosiem Haokip.
FC Goa will play its opening match on its home turf on 4 October with the Delhi Dynamos FC.
Season Summary
4 October: FC Goa rode on two first half goals
scored by Mandar Rao Dessai (3’) and
Reinaldo da Cruz Oliveira (45+3’) to beat Delhi
Dynamos FC in their opening fixture of the
league stage that began with three back to
back matches at their home fortress.
7 October: FC Goa came back brilliantly to
hold Atletico de Kokata to a 1–1 draw as
Keenan Almeida (82’) scored a stunner after
Arata Izumi (13’) had given Antonio Lopes
Habas’ side the lead in a fiery tie that saw the
sending off of Baljit Sahni (62’).
11 October: A result to forget was the first
defeat in this season. FC Goa went down to
4–0 defeat at the hands of Chennaiyin FC in
Match 9 where Elano Blumer, who scored in
the 43rd minute, assisted two of Stiven
Mendoza’s goals in the Colombian’s hat-trick
(10’, 63’, 75’).
15 October: The Gaurs got their ISL campaign
back on track with an emphatic 3–1 victory
over NorthEast United FC at the Indira Gandhi
Athletic Stadium in Guwahati. After Francis
Dadzie scored the 12th-minute opener,
Jonatan Lucca (27’), Reinaldo (30’) and
Mandar (70’) completed the comeback for FC
Goa.
22 October: FC Goa came from behind once
again and reclaimed the top spot with a 2–1
win over Kerala Blasters FC as Leo Moura
(45+1’) cancelled Mohammed Rafi’s 24th-minute lead while Gregory Arnolin sealed the
victory in the 84th minute.
25 October: The winning run came to a halt
after Mumbai City FC registered a 2–0 win
over the league leaders in Mumbai. In what
was FC Goa striker Darryl Duffy’s last match of
the season where the Scot was ruled out due
to a hairline fracture, Sunil Chhetri’s penalty
(33’) and Frederic Piquonne’s header (49’)
were enough to give the home team all three
points.
30 October: The Virat Kohli co-owned FC Goa
remained afloat in the top half with a 1–1
draw against FC Pune City in which an own
goal scored by Roger Johnson (46’) was
cancelled by Eugeneson Lyngdoh in the 64th
minute.
5 November: FC Goa gifted Virat Kohli with a
2–0 win over Chennaiyin FC. On his debut,
Rafael Coelho Luiz won both the penalties that
were converted by Leo Moura (64’) and
Jonatan Lucca (78’) as the Gaurs recorded
their second away win of the season.
Harmanjot Khabra was sent off in the 89th
minute wherein the Chennaiyin player put his
studs on Moura’s right leg.
8 November: As it almost looked as a win for
the league leaders, Adrian Mutu (90+4’)
handed the Goan franchise with a
heartbreaker at the death. In the thrilling round
nine clash, Eugeneson Lyngdoh had bagged
the opener in the 32nd minute. Rafael (34’)
and Jonatan Lucca (44’) brought FC Goa back
into the game but for the unthinkable to
happen at the last minute.
17 November: FC Goa hammered Mumbai City
FC 7–0 to record the biggest victory in the
history of the competition. Thongkhosiem
Haokip (34’, 52’, 79’) and Dudu Omagbemi
(42’, 64’, 67’) scored more than just their first
goals in FC Goa colours, with former bagging
the 100th goal in the ISL 2015, while Reinaldo
(90’) scored his third of the season.
22 November: FC Goa have not only remained
winless against Atletico de Kolkata but also
lost 4–0 to the ISL 2014 champions. Sameehg
Doutie (20’, 78’), Borja Fernandez (22’) and
Iain Hume (68’) were the scorers for this
season’s semifinalists.
25 November: It was the last home match of
the season for FC Goa in the league stage
where Zico’s troops came from behind to hold
NorthEast United FC 1–1 and Leo Moura
bagged the “DHL winning pass” award for the
most number of assists (6, now 8) provided
for his side in the ISL this year. Victor
Mendy’s 56th-minute goal was cancelled by
Reinaldo in the 80th minute.
29 November: FC Goa blasted their way into
semifinals thrashing Kerala Blasters FC 5–1.
The Blasters’ second-minute lead scored by
Victor Herrero Forcada was annulled by Jofre
Mateu Gonzalez in the 12th minute. The Gaurs
also had their third hat-trick hero in Reinaldo
da Cruz Oliveira (29’, 50’, 61’) while Mandar
Rao Dessai (64’) joined the party to ensure a
comfortable win. The home team had to play
the second half with 10 men following the
sending off of Josu Carrias.
6 December: Having already made it to the
final four, FC Goa rallied back from two goals
down at half-time to beat Delhi Dynamos FC
3–2 in an exciting clash and finished on top of
the standings at the end of the league stage,
drawing the same opponents in the
semifinals. Serginho Green (31’) and Adil Nabi
(40’) gave the Lions a 2–0 lead in the first half
but the away team scored three goals in the
second half via a brace scored by Romeo
Fernandes (68’, 69’) and Jofre Mateu
Gonzalez (90’) to snatch all three points.
11 December: FC Goa succumbed a 1–0 loss
to Delhi Dynamos FC in the first leg of the
semifinals in Delhi. Robin Singh’s 42nd-minute
goal made the difference as the two teams
headed into the second leg of the semifinals
in Goa on 15 December with the Delhi
franchise leading 1–0 on aggregate.
15 December: FC Goa scripted their maiden
final appearance crushing Delhi Dynamos FC
3–0 in the second leg of their semifinal. Jofre
Mateu Gonzalez (11’), Rafael Coelho Luiz (27’)
and Dudu Omagbemi (84’) were the
goalscoring heroes for the Goan franchise
who were backed by a deafening home
support. Adil Nabi was given the marching
orders by referee Pranjal Banerjee due to the
Delhi player’s indiscipline on the bench after
he was already substituted.
Pre Season Friendly
Transfers
In:
Out:
Players and Staff
Current squad
Injured
Current Technical Staff
Indian Super League
First round
League table
Results summary
Results by round
Matches
Finals
Final
Squad statistics
Appearances and goals
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|colspan="14"|Players who left Goa due to injury during the season:
|}
Goal scorers
Disciplinary record
References
FC Goa seasons
Goa
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68691464
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahlia%20merckii
|
Dahlia merckii
|
Dahlia merckii, Merck's dahlia, is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae, native to Mexico. This tuberous herbaceous perennial has divided leaves, and produces single flowers in shades of lilac, white and pink, in late summer and autumn.
Growing to , it is hardy only in milder areas which do not suffer prolonged frosts, where tubers may be left in the ground throughout the year, and protected with a mulch in the dormant season. Otherwise tubers must be lifted and stored over winter. They begin to sprout in spring, but must be protected until all danger of frost has passed. Propagation is by seed or cuttings in spring.
References
Flora of Mexico
merckii
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24478129
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrelfish
|
Barrelfish
|
Barrelfish may refer to:
Animals
Hyperoglyphe, a genus of fishes of the medusafish and butterfish family, also known as barrelfishes
Hyperoglyphe perciformis, the barrelfish, a bathypelagic fish found in the Northern Atlantic Ocean with a wide range
Computers
Barrelfish (operating system), an experimental computer operating system
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55377136
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth%20Games%20Australia
|
Commonwealth Games Australia
|
Commonwealth Games Australia (CGA) is the Commonwealth Games Association for Australia, and is responsible for representing and promoting the Commonwealth Sport movement in the country, and organises the participation of athletes at the Commonwealth Games and Commonwealth Youth Games. It changed it name from the Australian Commonwealth Games Association to Commonwealth Games Australia in 2015. The Commonwealth Games have been held in Australia five times, most recently the 2018 Commonwealth Games were held on the Gold Coast, Queensland.
Role
The CGA is one of 72 Commonwealth Games Associations currently recognised by the Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF).
Working with the national governing bodies of each sport, Commonwealth Games Australia selects Team Australia's members to compete in all sports at the Commonwealth Games and Commonwealth Youth Games. The CGA is independent and receives no funding from the government. The non-profit organisation's income comes from fundraising and events.
Administration
It was established in October 1929 as the Australian British Empire Games Committee with E.S. Marks as Chairman and James. S.W. Eve as Honorary Secretary. It has also known as Australian British Empire Games Association, Australian British Empire & Commonwealth Association, Australian British Commonwealth Games Association and Australian Commonwealth Games Association.
Australian British Empire Games Committee (1929-1932)
Australian British Empire Games Association (1932-1953)
(*) died in 1947
Australian British Empire & Commonwealth Association (1953-1966)
Australian British Commonwealth Games Association (1966-1974)
Australian Commonwealth Games Association (1974-2015)
Commonwealth Games Australia (2015-)
Aims
The main functions of the CGA are to:
Promote the ideals of the Commonwealth Games throughout Australia;
Prepare athletes for the Games by providing support such as funding for international competition;
Select athletes, coaches, managers, medical personnel and officials to be included in the Australian Team at the Games;
Coordinate and manage the participation of Program Sports and their respective athletes and officials at the Commonwealth Games;
Contribute to the development of Australia's high performance junior athletes through the Australian Junior Commonwealth Games Squad Program (AJCGS), and through participation in the Commonwealth Youth Games.
History
From the concept of "a British Empire Sports Festival" by the Englishman, J Astley Cooper, the idea was promoted in Australia by B J Parkinson in Victoria and Richard Coombes in New South Wales who was President of the Amateur Athletic Union of Australia.Australia has won the medal tally at 13 Commonwealth games.
Australia first competed at the Games, then titled the British Empire Games, in 1930; and is one of only six countries to have sent athletes to every Commonwealth Games. The others are Canada, England, New Zealand, Scotland, and Wales.
Six of the 21 games have been hosted by Australia, with the city of Gold Coast hosting the 2018 Commonwealth Games.
Australia has placed first at 13 out of the 21 games (compared with England 7 and Canada 1) and has been in the top three for all meets except the first games in 1930.
In all but one of the 18 Commonwealth Games held so far (excluding the 1978 Games), the Australian flag bearer has gone on to win a gold medal.
Games Staged
Australia has hosted the Commonwealth Games on four occasions but have only won once via an international vote. That vote was for the host of the 2018 games, won by the Gold Coast.
Sydney 1938 was simply awarded.
Perth 1962 was a contest between Adelaide and Perth which Adelaide originally won at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia. Adelaide first won 13 votes to Perth's 3. Two years later that was overturned by the Australian Commonwealth Games Association prior to the 1958 British Empire Games in Cardiff, Wales. A New Vote awarded Perth with a 9 to 7 vote.
Brisbane 1982 was awarded after Lagos, Nigeria; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Birmingham, England all withdrew prior to the Bid vote that took place in Montreal, Quebec, Canada during the 1976 Summer Olympics.
Melbourne 2006 was awarded to the city after Wellington, New Zealand withdrew their bid prior to the Bid Lodgement Deadline.
Failed bid Results
See also
Australia at the Commonwealth Games
Australian Olympic Committee
Australian Paralympic Committee
References
External links
CGA Official website
Australia
Sports governing bodies in Australia
Australia at the Commonwealth Games
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15931067
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Juan%20Teposcolula
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San Juan Teposcolula
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San Juan Teposcolula is a town and municipality in the State of Oaxaca, Mexico, often known simply as Teposcolula. The name Teposcolula means “next to the twist in copper”.
It is part of the Teposcolula District in the center of the Mixteca Region.
The town
The town is 2,300 meters above sea level. Long ago it was known as San Juan Itnuyana. The current town was founded in 1561. The main economic activities are logging and the production of mescal.
The municipality
As of 2005, the municipality had 349 households with a total population of 1,344 of whom three spoke an indigenous language.
Teposcolula includes the following communities:
Barrio de los Osorno,
Cuadra el Hule,
Cuadra Número Uno,
Desviación Yucudaa,
El Calvario,
La Cieneguilla,
La Garita,
La Rosa,
La Siempre Viva,
Río Colorado (Rancho Yusadolo),
Reforma,
Refugio de Morelos,
San Miguel Marcos Pérez,
Santa María Pozoltepec,
Satayuco
Tierra Blanca
References
External links
Santos in Oaxaca's Ancient Churches: Teposcolula - Art-historical study of the statues in Teposcolula's church of San Pedro y San Pablo.
Municipalities of Oaxaca
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Along%20the%20Way%20%28disambiguation%29
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Along the Way (disambiguation)
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Along the Way is the first live concert DVD from punk band Bad Religion.
Along the Way may also refer to:
Film and TV
Along the Way (TV series), 1974 Canadian children's TV
Music
Along the Way (Mark McGuire album), 2014
Along the Way, a 1997 album by Jon Gordon
Along the Way, a 2003 album by Brian Hughes
Along the Way, a 2007 album by Tom Langford
Ward One: Along the Way, a 1990 album by Bill Ward
"Along the Way", a 1970 song by The Association
"Along The Way", a 2002 song by Mushroomhead, from the original soundtrack of the film The Scorpion King
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47532419
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta%20at%20the%202015%20World%20Championships%20in%20Athletics
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Malta at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics
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Malta competed at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics in Beijing, China, from 22–30 August 2015.
Results
(q – qualified, NM – no mark, SB – season best)
Women
Track and road events
Sources
Nations at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics
World Championships in Athletics
Malta at the World Championships in Athletics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr%20Dugin
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Aleksandr Dugin
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Aleksandr Gelyevich Dugin (; born 7 January 1962) is a Russian philosopher, professor, political analyst and strategist. He was the main organizer of the National Bolshevik Party, National Bolshevik Front, and the Eurasia Party. He also served as an advisor to the State Duma speaker Gennadiy Seleznyov and a leading member of the ruling United Russia party, Sergei Naryshkin. Dugin is the author of more than 30 books, among them Foundations of Geopolitics (1997) and The Fourth Political Theory (2009).
Early life and education
Dugin was born in Moscow, into the family of a colonel-general in the Soviet military intelligence and candidate of law, Geliy Alexandrovich Dugin, and his wife Galina, a doctor and candidate of medicine. His father left the family when he was three, but did ensure that they had a good standard of living, and helped Dugin out of trouble with the authorities on occasion. He was transferred to the customs service due to his son's behaviour in 1983. In 1979, Aleksandr entered the Moscow Aviation Institute, but did not graduate, and had to undertake a correspondence course at a different college. He then earned a masters in philosophy and eventually two doctorates, one in sociology and the other one in political sciences.
In 1980, Dugin joined the 'Yuzhinsky group', an avant-garde dissident group which dabbled in Satanism and other forms of the occult. In the group, he was known for his embrace of Nazism which he attributes to a rebellion against his Soviet raising, as opposed to genuine sympathy for Hitler. He adopted an alter ego with the name of 'Hans Siever', a reference to Wolfram Sievers, a Nazi researcher of the paranormal. Studying by himself, he learnt to speak Italian, German, French and English; he also speaks Spanish. He also discovered the writings of Julius Evola in the V. I. Lenin State Library, and adopted the beliefs of the Traditionalist School.
Career and political views
Early activism
In the 1980s, Dugin was a dissident and an anti-communist. Dugin worked as a journalist before becoming involved in politics just before the fall of communism. In 1988, he and his friend Geydar Dzhemal joined the ultranationalist group Pamyat (Memory), which would later give rise to Russian fascism. He helped to write the political program for the newly reformed Communist Party of the Russian Federation under the leadership of Gennady Zyuganov.
Publishing career
Dugin published Foundations of Geopolitics in 1997; this work has been used as a textbook in the Academy of the General Staff of the Russian military, and alarms political scientists in the US, sometimes referenced by them as "Russia's Manifest Destiny". Also in 1997, his article, "Fascism – Borderless and Red", proclaimed the arrival of a "genuine, true, radically revolutionary and consistent, fascist fascism" in Russia. He believes that it was "by no means the racist and chauvinist aspects of National Socialism that determined the nature of its ideology. The excesses of this ideology in Germany are a matter exclusively of the Germans... while Russian fascism is a combination of natural national conservatism with a passionate desire for true changes." "Waffen-SS and especially the scientific sector of this organization, Ahnenerbe," was "an intellectual oasis in the framework of the National Socialist regime", according to him."
Dugin soon began publishing his own journal entitled Elementy, which initially began by praising Franco-Belgian Jean-François Thiriart, belatedly a supporter of a "Euro-Soviet empire which would stretch from Dublin to Vladivostok and would also need to expand to the south, since it require(s) a port on the Indian Ocean." Consistently glorifying both Tsarist and Stalinist Russia, Elementy also indicated his admiration for Julius Evola. Dugin also collaborated with the weekly journal Den (The Day), previously directed by Alexander Prokhanov.
Ideology
Dugin disapproves of liberalism and the West, particularly US hegemony. He asserts: "We are on the side of Stalin and the Soviet Union". He describes himself as being a conservative: "We, conservatives, want a strong, solid State, want order and healthy family, positive values, the reinforcing of the importance of religion and the Church in society". He adds: "We want patriotic radio, TV, patriotic experts, patriotic clubs. We want the media that expresses national interests". According to political scientist Marlene Laruelle, the thinking of Dugin, main manufacturer of a fascism à-la-russe, could be described as a series of concentric circles, with far-right ideologies underpinned by different political and philosophical traditions (Esoteric Nazism, Traditionalism/Perennialism, the German Conservative Revolution and the European New Right) at its backbone.
Dugin supports Martin Heidegger's thought, notably the geo–philosophical concept of Dasein (Existence). According to Dugin, the forces of liberal and capitalist Western civilization represent what the ancient Greeks called ὕβρις (hubris), "the essential form of titanism" (the anti-ideal form), which opposes Heaven ("the ideal form—in terms of space, time, being"). In other words, the West would summarize "the revolt of the Earth against Heaven". To what he calls the West's "atomizing" universalism, Dugin contrasts an apophatic universalism, expressed in the political idea of "empire". Values of democracy, human rights, individualism are considered by him not to be universal but uniquely Western.
In 2019, Dugin engaged in a debate with French intellectual Bernard-Henri Lévy on the theme of what has been called "the crisis of capitalism" and the insurrection of nationalist populisms.
Eurasianism, fascism, and views on geopolitics
Dugin has espoused fascist views, and has theorized the foundation of a "Euro-Asian empire" capable of fighting the US-led Western world. In this regard, he was the organizer and the first leader of the National Bolshevik Party from 1993 to 1998 (along Eduard Limonov) and, subsequently, of the National Bolshevik Front and of the Eurasia Party, which then became a non-governmental association. Dugin's Eurasitic ideology therefore aims at the unification of all Russian-speaking peoples in a single country through the forced territorial dismemberment of the former republics of the Soviet Union.
In the early 1990s Dugin's work at the National Bolshevik Front included research into the roots of national movements and the activities of supporting esoteric groups in the first half of the 20th century. Partnering with Christian Bouchet, a then-member of the French Ordo Templi Orientis, and building on the national-fascist and migratory-integrative interest groups in Asia and Europe, they contribute in bringing international politics closer to Russia's Eurasian geopolitical concept.
Dugin spent two years studying the geopolitical, semiotic and esoteric theories of the controversial German scholar Herman Wirth (1885–1981), one of the founders of the German Ahnenerbe. This resulted in the book Hyperborean Theory (1993), in which Dugin largely endorsed Wirth's ideas as a possible foundation for his Eurasianism. Apparently, this is "one of the most extensive summaries and treatments of Wirth in any language". According to the Moldavian anthropologist Leonid Mosionjnik Wirth's overtly wild ideas fitted perfectly well in the ideological void after the demise of communism, liberalism and democracy. Dugin also promoted the legend that Wirth had written an important book on the history of the Jewish People and the Old Testament, the so-called Palestinabuch, which could have changed the world had it not been stolen.
Dugin's ideas, particularly those on "a Turkic-Slavic alliance in the Eurasian sphere" have begun to receive attention among certain nationalistic circles in Turkey, most notably among alleged members of the Ergenekon network, which is the subject of a high-profile trial (on charges of conspiracy). Dugin's Eurasianist ideology has also been linked to his adherence to the doctrines of the Traditionalist School. (Dugin's Traditionalist beliefs are the subject of a book length study by J. Heiser, The American Empire Should Be Destroyed—Aleksandr Dugin and the Perils of Immanentized Eschatology.) Dugin also advocates for a Russo-Arab alliance.
The reborn Russia, according to Dugin's concept, is said by Charles Clover of the Financial Times to be a slightly remade version of the Soviet Union with echoes of Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell, where Eurasia was one of three continent-sized super states including Eastasia and Oceania as the other two and was participating in endless war between them. In the Eurasian public discourse sphere, the totalitarian communist policy deployed in over three decades of works by various international groups that are part of the movement, is "a version of reintegration of the post-Soviet space into a "Eurasian" sphere of influence for Russia". The North American program "works with a wide range of partners from all sectors of civil society" and "is advanced through grant making, advocacy and research, regional initiatives, and close engagement".
Russian Orthodoxy and Rodnovery
Dugin was baptized at the age of six in the Russian Orthodox church of Michurinsk by his great-grandmother Elena Mikhailovna Kargaltseva. Since 1999, he formally embraced a branch of the Old Believers, a Russian religious movement which rejected the 1652–1666 reforms of the official Russian Orthodox Church. Dugin's Eurasian philosophy owes much to Traditional Integralism and Nouvelle Droite movements, and as such it resonates with Neopaganism, a category which in this context means the movement of Slavic Native Faith (Rodnovery), especially in the forms of Anastasianism and Ynglism. Dugin's Eurasianism is often cited as belonging to the same spectrum of these movements, as well as also having influences from Hermetic, Gnostic and Eastern traditions. He himself calls to rely upon "Eastern theology and mystical currents" for the development of the Fourth Political Theory.
According to Marlene Laruelle, Dugin's adherence to the Old Believers allows him to stand between Paganism and Orthodox Christianity without formally adopting either of them. His choice is not paradoxical, since, according to him—in the wake of René Guénon—Russian Orthodoxy and especially the Old Believers have preserved an esoteric and initiatory character which was utterly lost in Western Christianity. As such, the Russian Orthodox tradition may be merged with Neopaganism and may host "Neopaganism's nationalist force, which anchors it in the Russian soil, and separates it from the two other Christian confessions".
Political parties
National Bolshevik Party
In 1992, Eduard Limonov founded the National Bolshevik Front (NBF) as an amalgamation of six minor groups. Aleksandr Dugin was among its earliest members and was instrumental in convincing Limonov to enter politics, and signed the declaration of the founding of the party in 1993. The party first attracted attention in 1992 when two members were arrested for possessing grenades. The incident gave the NBP publicity for a boycott campaign they were organizing against Western goods. The NBF joined forces with the National Salvation Front (a broad coalition of Russian communists and nationalists). In 1998, Dugin left the NBP as a result of a conflict with other members of the party. This led to the party moving further left in Russia's political spectrum, and led to members of the party denouncing Dugin and his group as fascists.
Eurasia Party
The Eurasia Party, which advances neo-Eurasianist ideas, was launched in April 2001. Dugin was reported as the group's founder. He said the movement would stress cultural diversity in Russian politics, and oppose "American style globalisation, and would also resist a return to communism and nationalism." It was officially recognized by the Ministry of Justice on 31 May 2001. The Eurasia Party claims support in some military circles and by leaders of the Orthodox Christian faith in Russia, and the party hopes to play a key role in attempts to resolve the Chechen problem, with the objective of setting the stage for Dugin's objective of a Russian strategic alliance with European and Middle Eastern states, primarily Iran.
In 2005, Dugin founded the Eurasian Youth Union of Russia as the youth wing of the International Eurasia Movement.
Stance on Ukraine and role in Russian politics
Dugin supports Russian President Vladimir Putin and his foreign policies but has opposed the Russian government's economic policies. He stated in 2007: "There are no more opponents of Putin's course and, if there are, they are mentally ill and need to be sent off for clinical examination. Putin is everywhere, Putin is everything, Putin is absolute, and Putin is indispensable". It was voted number two in flattery by readers of Kommersant.
In the Kremlin, Dugin represents the "war party", a division within the leadership over Ukraine. Dugin is an author of Putin's initiative for the annexation of Crimea by Russia. He considered the war between Russia and Ukraine to be inevitable and appealed for Putin to start intervene in the War in Donbas. Dugin said: "The Russian Renaissance can only stop by Kiev." During the 2014 pro-Russian conflict in Ukraine, Dugin was in regular contact with pro-Russian separatist insurgents. He described his position as "unconditionally pro-DPR and pro-LPR". A Skype video call posted on YouTube showed Dugin providing instructions to separatists of South and Eastern Ukraine as well as advising Ekaterina Gubareva, whose husband Pavel Gubarev declared himself the Donetsk Region governor and after that was arrested by the Security Service of Ukraine. On 31 March 2014, Oleg Bahtiyarov, a member of the Eurasia Youth Union of Russia founded by Dugin, was arrested. He had trained a group of about 200 people to seize parliament and another government building, according to the Security Service of Ukraine.
Dugin stated he was disappointed in President Putin, saying that Putin did not aid the pro-Russian insurgents in Ukraine after the Ukrainian Army's early July 2014 offensive. In August 2014, Dugin called for an eradication of Ukrainian identity.
Halya Coynash of the Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group said that the influence of Dugin's "Eurasian ideology" on events in eastern Ukraine and on Russia's invasion of the Crimea was beyond any doubt. According to Vincent Jauvert, Dugin's radical ideology became the basis for the internal and foreign policy of the Russian authorities. "So Dugin is worth listening to, in order to understand to which fate the Kremlin is leading its country and the whole of Europe."
Ukraine gave Dugin a five-year entry ban, starting in June 2006, and Kyiv declared him a persona non grata in 2007. His Eurasian Youth Union was banned in Ukraine. In 2007, the Security Service of Ukraine identified persons of the Eurasian Youth Union who committed vandalism on Hoverla in 2007: they climbed up the mountain of Hoverla, imitated sawing down the details of the construction in the form of the small coat of arms of Ukraine by tools brought with them and painted the emblem of the Eurasian Youth Union on the memorial symbol of the Constitution of Ukraine. He was deported back to Russia when he arrived at Simferopol International Airport in June 2007.
Before war broke out between Russia and Georgia in 2008, Dugin visited South Ossetia and predicted: "Our troops will occupy the Georgian capital Tbilisi, the entire country, and perhaps even Ukraine and the Crimean Peninsula, which is historically part of Russia, anyway." Afterwards he said Russia should "not stop at liberating South Ossetia but should move further," and "we have to do something similar in Ukraine." In 2008, Dugin stated that Russia should repeat the Georgian scenario in Ukraine, namely attack it. In September 2008, after the Russian-Georgian war, he did not hide his anger towards Putin, who "dared not drop the other shoe" and "restore the Empire."
On 10 October 2014, Dugin said, "Only after restoring the Greater Russia that is the Eurasian Union, we can become a credible global player. Now these processes slowed down very much. The Ukrainian maidan was the response of the West to the advance of the Russian integration." He described the Euromaidan as a coup d'état carried out by the United States: "America wishes to wage the war against Russia not by its own hands but by the hands of the Ukrainians. Promising to wink at up to 10 thousand victims among the peaceful population of Ukraine and actually demanding the victims, the United States led to this war. The United States carried out the coup d'état during the maidan for the purpose of this war. The United States raised neo-Nazis Russophobes to the power for the purpose of this war." Dugin said Russia is the major driving force for the current events in Ukraine: "Russia insists on its sovereignty, its liberty, responds to challenges thrown down to it, for example, in Ukraine. Russia is attempting to integrate the post-Soviet space." As Israeli political scientist Vyacheslav Likhachov states, "If one seriously takes the fact that such a person as Alexander Dugin is the ideologist of the imperial dash for the West, then one can establish that Russia is not going to stop as far as the Atlantic Ocean."
In the 2014 article by Dmitry Bykov "Why TV, Alexander Dugin and Galina Pyshnyak crucified a boy", Channel One Russia's use of the aired story by Dugin and Pyshnyak about the allegedly crucified boy as a pretext for escalating the conflict was compared to the case of Beilis. On 9 July 2014, Dugin on his Facebook account wrote a story that a 6-year-old child was allegedly nailed down to an advertisement board and shot to death before his father's eyes. On 16 July 2014, Novaya Gazeta provided a videotape of its correspondent Eugen Feldman walking along the main square in Sloviansk, asking local old women if they had heard of the murder of the child. They said such an event did not take place. The website Change.org hosted a petition of citizens who demanded "a comprehensive investigation with identification for all persons involved in the fabrication of the plot."
On 2 October 2014, Dugin described the situation in Donbas: "The humanitarian crisis has long since been raging on the territory of Novorossiya. Already up to a million, if not more, refugees are in the Russian Federation. A large part of the inhabitants of the DPR and the LPR simply moved abroad." In the end of October 2014, Dugin advised the separatists to establish dictatorship in Novorossiya until they win in the confrontation.
Relationships with radical groups in other countries
Dugin made contact with the French far-right thinker Alain de Benoist in 1990. Around the same time he also met the Belgian Jean-François Thiriart and Yves Lacoste. In 1992 he invited some of the European far-right figures he had met into Russia. He has also has brought members of Jobbik and Golden Dawn to Russia in order to strengthen their ties to the country. According to the book War for Eternity by Benjamin R. Teitelbaum, Dugin met Steve Bannon in Rome in 2018 to discuss Russia's geopolitical relationships with the United States and China, as well as Traditionalist philosophy. Dugin also developed links with far-right and far-left political parties in the European Union, including Syriza in Greece, Ataka in Bulgaria, the Freedom Party of Austria, and Front National in France, to influence EU policy on Ukraine and Russia. Dugin is also closely aligned with Israeli journalist Avigdor Eskin, who previously served on the board of Dugin's Eurasia Party.
Fifth column
The typical rhetoric about the fifth column as foreign agents is used by Dugin for political accusations in many publications. In his 2014 interview published by Vzglyad and Komsomolskaya Pravda, he says, "A huge struggle is being conducted. And, of course, Europe has its own fifth column, its own Bolotnaya Square-minded people. And if we have them sitting idly and doing nasty things on Dozhd, Europe is indeed dominated and ruled by the fifth column in full swing. This is the same American riffraff." He sees the United States standing behind all the scenes, including the Russian fifth column; according to his statement, "The danger of our fifth column is not that they are strong, they are absolutely paltry, but that they are hired by the greatest 'godfather' of the modern world—by the United States. That is why they are effective, they work, they are listened to, they get away with anything because they have the world power standing behind them." He sees the US embassy as the center for funding and guiding the fifth column and asserts, "We know that the fifth column receives money and instructions from the American embassy."
According to Dugin, the fifth column promoted the breakup of the Soviet Union as a land continental construction, seized power under Boris Yeltsin, and headed Russia as the ruling politico-economic and cultural elite until the 2000s; the fifth column is the regime of liberal reformers of the 1990s and includes former Russian oligarchs Vladimir Gusinsky, Boris Berezovsky, former government officials Mikhail Kasyanov, Boris Nemtsov, Vladimir Ryzhkov, artistic, cultural, and media workers, the Echo of Moscow, the Russian State University for the Humanities, the highest ranks of the National Research University Higher School of Economics, a significant part of teachers of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations, and a minority part of teachers of the Moscow State University. Dugin proposes to deprive the fifth column of Russian citizenship and deport the group from Russia: "I believe it is necessary to deport the fifth column and deprive them of their citizenship." However, in 2007, Dugin argued, "There are no longer opponents of Putin's policy, and if there are, they are mentally ill and should be sent to prophylactic health examination." In 2014, Dugin in an interview to Der Spiegel confirmed that he considers the opponents of Putin to be mentally ill.
In one of his publications, Dugin introduced the term the sixth column and defined it as "the fifth column which just pretends to be something different", those who are in favor of Putin, but demand that he stand for liberal values (as opposed to the liberal fifth column, which is specifically against Putin). During the 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine, Dugin said that all the Russian sixth column stood up staunchly for Ukrainian oligarch Rinat Akhmetov. As he asserts, "We need to struggle against the fifth and sixth columns."
Russian-American artist Mihail Chemiakin says Dugin is inventing "the sixth column". "Soon, probably, there would already be the seventh one as well. 'The fifth column' is understandable. That is we, intelligentsia, lousy, dirty, who read Camus. And 'the sixth column', in his opinion, is more dangerous, because that is the personal entourage of Vladimir Putin. But he is naïve and understands nothing. And as for Dugin, he can tell him who to shoot to death and who to imprison. Maybe Kudrin, and maybe Medvedev..."
According to Dugin, the whole Internet should be banned: "I think that Internet as such, as a phenomenon is worth prohibiting because it gives nobody anything good." In June 2012, Dugin said in a lecture that chemistry and physics are demonic sciences, and that all Orthodox Russians need to unite around the president of Russia in the last battle between good and evil, following the example of Iran and North Korea. He added: "If we want to liberate ourselves from the West, it is needed to liberate ourselves from textbooks on physics and chemistry."
Dugin has characterized his position on the Ukrainian conflict as "firm opposition to the Junta and Ukrainian Nazism that are annihilating peaceful civilians" as well as rejection of liberalism and US hegemony.
Loss of departmental headship
During the conflict in Ukraine, Dugin also lost the offered post Head of the Department of Sociology of International Relations of the Faculty of Sociology of the Moscow State University (while being Deputy Head since 2009). In 2014, a petition entitled "We demand the dismissal of MSU Faculty of Sociology Professor A. G. Dugin!" was signed by over 10,000 people and sent to the MSU rector Viktor Sadovnichiy. The petition was started after Dugin's interview in which he said in relation to pro-Russian activists burned in a building in Odessa on May 2, 2014: ("But what we see on May 2nd is beyond any limits. Kill them, kill them, kill them. There should not be any more conversations. As a professor, I consider it so"). While he was talking about "those who perpetrated lawlessness on May 2nd", media interpreted this as a call to kill Ukrainians. Dugin claimed to have been fired from this post; the university claimed the offer of the position of the department head resulted from a technical error and was therefore cancelled, and that he would remain a professor and deputy department head under contract until September 2014. Dugin wrote the statement of resignation from the faculty staff to be reappointed to the Moscow State University staff due to the offered position of department head, but since the appointment was cancelled he was no longer a staff member of the faculty nor a staff member of the Moscow State University (the two staff memberships are formally different at the MSU).
Chief Editorship of Tsargrad TV
Dugin was named Chief Editor of Tsargrad TV by businessman Konstantin Malofeev soon after the TV station's founding in 2015.
Sanctions
On 11 March 2015, the United States Department of the Treasury added Dugin to its list of Russian citizens who are sanctioned as a result of their involvement in the Ukrainian crisis; his Eurasian Youth Union was targeted too. In June 2015, Canada added Dugin to its list of sanctioned individuals.
Dugin's works
Several of Dugin's books have been published by the publishing house Arktos Media, an English-language publisher for Traditionalist and New Right books.
Political Platonism, Arktos (2019)
Ethnos and Society, Arktos (2018)
Konflikte der Zukunft – Die Rückkehr der Geopolitik, Bonus (2015)
Noomahia: voiny uma. Tri Logosa: Apollon, Dionis, Kibela, Akademicheskii proekt (2014)
Yetnosociologiya, Akademicheskii proekt (2014)
Ethnosociology, Arktos (2019)
Martin Hajdegger: filosofija drugogo Nachala, Akademicheskii proekt (2013)
Martin Heidegger: The Philosophy of Another Beginning, Washington Summit (2014)
V poiskah tiomnogo Logosa, Akademicheskii proekt (2013)
Geopolitika Rossii, Gaudeamus (2012)
Last War of the World-Island: The Geopolitics of Contemporary Russia, Arktos (2015)
Putin protiv Putina, Yauza (2012)
Putin vs Putin, Arktos (2014)
The United States and the New World Order (debate with Olavo de Carvalho), VIDE Editorial (2012)
Chetvertaya Politicheskaya Teoriya, Amfora (2009)
The Fourth Political Theory, Arktos (2012)
Die Vierte Politische Theorie, Arktos (2013)
The Rise of the Fourth Political Theory, Arktos (2017)
Evrazijskaja missija, Eurasia (2005)
Eurasian Mission: An Introduction to Neo-Eurasianism, Arktos (2014)
Pop-kultura i znaki vremeni, Amphora (2005)
Filosofiya voiny, Yauza (2004)
Absoliutnaia rodina, Arktogeia-tsentr (1999)
Tampliery proletariata: natsional-bol'shevizm i initsiatsiia, Arktogeia (1997)
Osnovy geopolitiki: geopoliticheskoe budushchee Rossii, Arktogeia (1997)
Metafizika blagoi vesti: Pravoslavnyi ezoterizm, Arktogeia (1996)
Misterii Evrazii, Arktogeia (1996)
Konservativnaia revoliutsiia, Arktogeia (1994)
Konspirologiya (1993)
See also
All-Russian nation
Anti-globalization movement
Dimitri Kitsikis
Greater Russia
Intermediate Region
Palestinabuch
Pan-Slavism
Russian nationalism
Statism
List of Russian philosophers
References
External links
Russia's rise in conservative family values, Alexander Dugin featured prominently at 12:30.
Further reading
Umland, Andreas. "Post-Soviet "Uncivil Society" and the Rise of Aleksandr Dugin: A Case Study of the Extraparliamentary Radical Right in Contemporary Russia". Ph.D. in Politics, University of Cambridge, 2007.
External links
The Fourth Political Theory
Movement Eurasia
PaideumaTV
Works at Eurasianist Archive
Will the Russian bear roar again?
1962 births
Eurasia Party politicians
Geopoliticians
Living people
National Bolshevik Party politicians
Russian political party founders
Neo-fascists
People deported from Ukraine
Politicians from Moscow
Russian philosophers
Russian activists
Russian nationalists
Russian political scientists
Russian fascists
Defenders of the White House (1993)
People of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation
Pro-Russian people of the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine
Russian conspiracy theorists
National Bolsheviks
Anti-Ukrainian sentiment
Far-right politics in Russia
Neo-fascist politicians
Russian individuals subject to the U.S. Department of the Treasury sanctions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kay%20Smart
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Kay Smart
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Kay Smart (died September 2016) was a British circus performer, of the Smart's circus dynasty.
Her mother died when Kay was three. Smart worked as a trapeze artist as a child. She was married to Billy Smart, Jr.'s brother, Ronnie, making her the daughter-in-law of Billy Smart Sr.
She appeared as a castaway on the BBC Radio programme Desert Island Discs on 26 May 1958. She also wrote the introduction to David Jamieson's book, Billy Smart's circus: a pictorial history (Circus Friends Association, 2004). Smart died in Jersey in September 2016.
References
External links
Lion Cubs - British Pathé newsreel of Smart and her daughter Christine with lion cubs
1920s births
2016 deaths
British circus performers
Place of birth missing
Year of birth missing
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraclemensia%20cyanea
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Paraclemensia cyanea
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Paraclemensia cyanea is a moth of the family Incurvariidae. It is found on the main island (Honshu) of Japan.
The wingspan is 12 mm. The forewings are dark brown with a metallic blue lustre.
The larvae possibly feed on Betula platyphylla var. japonica.
References
Moths described in 1982
Incurvariidae
Moths of Japan
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64533982
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagano%20Prefectural%20Shinano%20Art%20Museum
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Nagano Prefectural Shinano Art Museum
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opened as Shinano Art Museum in , Nagano, Nagano Prefecture, Japan in 1966, becoming a prefectural museum three years later. It is dedicated to the artists of, and works relating to, Shinshū, including paintings by Hishida Shunsō, Nakamura Fusetsu, and Fujishima Takeji. On 26 April 1990, the opened as an annex; currently, there are more than 970 works by the artist. After fifty years, in 2017, the complex closed for renewal, the Higashiyama Kaii Gallery reopening in 2019, the Art Museum scheduled to reopen in April 2021.
See also
Zenkō-ji
Nagano Prefectural Museum of History
Shinano Province
References
External links
Nagano Prefectural Shinano Art Museum
Nagano (city)
Museums in Nagano Prefecture
Art museums and galleries in Japan
Museums established in 1966
1966 establishments in Japan
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11248560
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Chiques%20Creek
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Little Chiques Creek
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Little Chiques Creek (formerly known as Little Chickies Creek) is a tributary of Chiques Creek in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania in the United States.
Little Chiques Creek joins Chiques Creek upstream of the Susquehanna River.
See also
List of rivers of Pennsylvania
References
Rivers of Pennsylvania
Tributaries of the Susquehanna River
Rivers of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
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44753947
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temsalet
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Temsalet
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Temsalet is a book published by the Network of Ethiopian Women's Associations featuring the stories and photographs of 64 accomplished Ethiopian women. Its publication on October 7, 2014 was accompanied by a week-long exhibition, "Faces of Temsalet", featuring photographs by Ethiopian photographer Aïda Muluneh, whose portraits of the women accompany each story in the book.
References
2014 non-fiction books
Ethiopian books
Books of photographs
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25994406
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waverly%20Central%20High%20School
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Waverly Central High School
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Waverly Central High School is a senior high school in Waverly, Tennessee, United States. It is managed as part of the Humphreys County School System. The school educates in grades 9–12. For the school year 2010–11, the student population stood at 614. The principal is Shawn Stookey.
Sports
Waverly High is home of the Waverly Tigers and Tigerettes. The sports program includes basketball, volleyball, softball, baseball, football, track, soccer, tennis, golf and marching band, all of which are boys and girls. The teams play at the "Ray Hampton Stadium", which was named after former coach, Ray Hampton.
References
External links
Humphreys County School System
Educational institutions in the United States with year of establishment missing
Public high schools in Tennessee
Schools in Humphreys County, Tennessee
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56753217
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APLL
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APLL
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APLL may refer to:
The Academy of Persian Language and Literature
An analog phase-locked loop
APL Logistics - a Japan-based freight and forwarding company
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4097478
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stardust%20Award%20for%20Actor%20of%20the%20Year%20%E2%80%93%20Female
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Stardust Award for Actor of the Year – Female
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The Stardust Star of the Year Award - Female is chosen by the readers of the annual Stardust magazine. The award honours a star that has made an impact with their acting in that certain film.
Here is a list of the award winners and the films for which they won.
References
See also
Stardust Awards
Bollywood
Cinema of India
Stardust Awards
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31579466
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadri
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Kadri
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Kadri may refer to:
People
Kadri (name), a personal name
Places
Kadri, Mangalore, a neighbourhood in Mangalore, India
See also
Kadiri, a place of Hindu pilgrimage in Andhra Pradesh, India
Balakadri, form of traditional music on the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe
Qadiriyyah, subgroup of Islamic dervishes
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53151252
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large%20tumor%20antigen
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Large tumor antigen
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The large tumor antigen (also called the large T-antigen and abbreviated LTag or LT) is a protein encoded in the genomes of polyomaviruses, which are small double-stranded DNA viruses. LTag is expressed early in the infectious cycle and is essential for viral proliferation. Containing four well-conserved protein domains as well as several intrinsically disordered regions, LTag is a fairly large multifunctional protein; in most polyomaviruses, it ranges from around 600-800 amino acids in length. LTag has two primary functions, both related to replication of the viral genome: it unwinds the virus's DNA to prepare it for replication, and it interacts with proteins in the host cell to dysregulate the cell cycle so that the host's DNA replication machinery can be used to replicate the virus's genome. Some polyomavirus LTag proteins - most notably the well-studied SV40 large tumor antigen from the SV40 virus - are oncoproteins that can induce neoplastic transformation in the host cell.
Domain structure
Polyomavirus LTag proteins contain four well-conserved, globular protein domains: from N- to C-terminus, these are the J domain, the origin-binding domain (OBD), the zinc-binding domain, and the AAA+ ATPase domain. The domains are linked by intrinsically disordered regions, which are themselves often functionally important and whose length varies among polyomaviruses; both the folded globular domains and the disordered regions form protein-protein interactions with a number of host cell proteins. Some LTag homologs also have a disordered C-terminal tail called the host range domain, which can be phosphorylated and in some strains is essential, although the molecular mechanism of its essentiality is unclear.
In some polyomaviruses, truncated variants of the LTag protein are produced through alternative splicing that do not include the helicase (zinc-binding and ATPase) components. These truncated LTags retain their ability to interact with some cell cycle regulatory proteins and are involved in cell transformation but not in viral genome replication.
J domain
The J domain is a DnaJ molecular chaperone that is required for viral genome replication in vivo (but is dispensable in cell-free laboratory experiments). The J domain interacts with Hsc70 heat-shock proteins. In many polyomavirus LTags, N-terminal to the J domain is a sequence motif that mediates binding of LTag to the host cell retinoblastoma protein, a key determinant of cell cycle progression. This unstructured linker region also contains a nuclear localization sequence, which triggers the host cell to transport the protein from the cytoplasm where is it translated to the nucleus where it performs its replication-related functions.
Origin-binding domain
The OBD binds the viral genome's origin of replication by recognizing specific sequences that occur in the portion of the viral genome known as the non-coding control region. It also forms interactions with host cell proteins, such as replication protein A and Nbs1. The OBD is required for viral replication.
Zinc-binding domain
The zinc-binding and ATPase domains together comprise the helicase portion of the LTag protein. The primary function of the zinc-binding domain is oligomerization of LTag. Formation of dodecamer structures (two hexameric rings) is required for helicase activity, which begins at the origin of replication through coordination between the OBD, zinc-binding, and ATPase domains.
ATPase domain
The ATPase domain is a member of the AAA+ ATPase family and contains conserved motifs such as the ATP-binding Walker A box. Energy from ATP hydrolysis is required for helicase activity. The ATPase domain also contains regions responsible for protein-protein interactions with host cell proteins, most notably topoisomerase 1 and the cell cycle regulator p53. LTag is unique among known AAA+ ATPases in that it is capable of initiating the melting of DNA around the origin; in most such cases a distinct initiator protein is responsible for this step, after which the helicase continues unwinding.
Function
The major functions of LTag in the viral life cycle involve dysregulation of the host cell's cell cycle and replication of the virus's circular DNA genome. Because polyomavirus genome replication relies on the DNA replication machinery of the host cell, the cell must be in S phase (the part of the cell cycle in which the host cell's genome is normally replicated) in order to provide the necessary molecular machinery for viral DNA replication. The SV40 LTag can induce S phase and activate the host cell's DNA damage response. Coordinated actions of the OBD and helicase regions result in physical manipulation of the viral genome, melting the DNA double helix at the origin of replication and unwinding the circular DNA chromosome in a bidirectional fashion. The structure and function of LTag resembles that of the human papillomavirus oncoproteins.
Expression
LTag is encoded in the "early region" of the polyomavirus genome, so named because this region of the genome is expressed early in the infectious process. (The "late region" contains genes encoding the viral capsid proteins.) The early region typically contains at least two genes and is transcribed as a single messenger RNA processed by alternative splicing. The LTag gene is usually encoded in two exons, of which the first overlaps with the gene for the small tumor antigen (STag); as a result, the two proteins share an N-terminal sequence of around 80 residues, while the remaining ~90 residues of STag are unshared. In a few polyomaviruses - most notably murine polyomavirus, the first member of the family discovered and an efficient oncovirus - an additional protein called middle tumor antigen is expressed from the early region and is highly efficient at cellular transformation.
Cellular transformation
Some, but not all, polyomaviruses are oncoviruses capable of inducing neoplastic transformation in some cells. In oncogenic polyomaviruses, the tumor antigens are responsible for the transformation activity, although the exact molecular mechanisms vary from one virus to another.
SV40
The SV40 large T antigen from the SV40 virus is the most well-studied member of the LTag family. SV40, also known as Macaca mulatta polyomavirus 1, natively infects monkeys and does not cause disease; however, it is oncogenic in some rodents and can immortalize some human cells in primary cell culture. SV40 has three early proteins, the large tumor antigen, the small tumor antigen, and a small protein called 17kT that shares most of its sequence with the N-terminus of LTag. Of these, LTag is primarily responsible for cellular transformation. STag alone cannot transform cells, but improves the efficiency with which LTag performs this function. LTag's transforming effect can largely be attributed to its ability to bind the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) and the tumor suppressor protein p53; abrogating either binding site renders LTag unable to transform primary cultured cells. In fact, p53 - now established as a key driver in carcinogenesis - was originally discovered by its ability to bind LTag.
Murine polyomavirus
Murine polyomavirus (MPyV), described in the 1950s, was the first polyomavirus discovered and can cause tumors in rodents. MPyV has three early proteins; in addition to LTag and STag it also expresses middle tumor antigen, which is primarily responsible for the virus's transforming activity.
Merkel cell polyomavirus
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), also known as Human polyomavirus 5, naturally infects humans and is associated with Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare form of skin cancer originating from Merkel cells. Although MCPyV infection is common and usually asymptomatic, a large majority of MCC tumors possess a genomically integrated copy of the polyomavirus genome. MCPyV possesses four early proteins, including a 57kT alternative splicing isoform and an alternate protein called ALTO. In Merkel cell polyomavirus, unlike in SV40, LTag alone does not support efficient viral replication and STag is required. Comparison of the sequences of MCPyV and SV40 LTag predicts that they have similar capacities for protein-protein interactions, including preservation of the Rb and p53 binding sites. Mutations in MCPyV LTag associated with tumors consist of large C-terminal truncations that eliminate the DNA replication functions of the protein by removing the zinc-binding and ATPase/helicase domains, without affecting these protein-protein interaction sites.
Role in taxonomy
LTag is a large protein whose domains can be detected and annotated bioinformatically. As a result, it is often used in comparing and determining relationships among polyomaviruses. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses currently classifies polyomaviruses primarily according to the sequence identity of their LTag genes. This system has been questioned by phylogenetic studies suggesting that the evolutionary histories of LTag and major capsid protein VP1 are divergent and that some modern polyomavirus represent chimeric lineages.
References
Viral oncoproteins
Polyomavirus proteins
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68253152
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ju-ho
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Ju-ho
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Ju-ho, also spelled Joo-ho, is a Korean masculine given name. The meaning differs based on the Hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 56 hanja with the reading "ju" and 49 hanja with the reading "ho" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names.
People with this name include:
Park Joo-ho (born 1987), South Korean footballer
Lee Ju-ho (born 1995), South Korean swimmer
Kang Ju-ho (born 1989), South Korean footballer
Zuho (born Baek Ju-ho in 1996), South Korean rapper, member of K-pop group SF9
See also
List of Korean given names
References
Korean masculine given names
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6497233
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper%20Stowe
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Upper Stowe
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Upper Stowe is a village in West Northamptonshire in England. It is in the civil parish of Stowe Nine Churches . It has a church dedicated to St James. This was built to the design of P.C Hardwick in 1855. It has a bellcote rather than a tower.
The name 'Stowe' derives from Old English word for 'place'.
References
External links
Villages in Northamptonshire
West Northamptonshire District
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943783
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20international%20ice%20hockey%20competitions%20featuring%20NHL%20players
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List of international ice hockey competitions featuring NHL players
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The following is a list of international ice hockey competitions where National Hockey League players have been able to participate. Most of these competitions were arranged by the NHL or NHLPA. There have been 14 full international tournaments where it was possible for all NHL players to participate since the 1976 Canada Cup, dubbed as the first real World Championship. There are 5 Canada Cups, 3 World Cups of Hockey, 5 Winter Olympics and 2005 IIHF World Championship. Canada won 9 tournaments. Czech Republic won twice. USA, Sweden and Soviet Union each won once.
Summit Series
The Summit Series was an eight-game challenge series between the Soviet National Team and a Canadian professional team.
In the 1972 Summit Series, the Canadian team was made up of NHL hockey players. No World Hockey Association players were included in the event. Two years later, Canadian WHA players competed in the 1974 Summit Series and were defeated by the Soviets. No active NHL players participated in the series; there were however, some former NHLers that played for the WHA-composed Canadian team in the series.
Super Series
The Super Series were exhibition games between Soviet teams and NHL teams that took place on each NHL opponents' home ice in North America from 1976 to 1991. The Soviet teams were usually club teams from the Soviet hockey league. The exception was in 1983, when the Soviet National Team represented the Soviet Union. Soviet teams won 14 series, NHL teams won 2 series, and 2 series were tied.
In the following summary the winner of a series is in bold.
Canada Cup
The Canada Cup tournament was a major international invitational competition for NHL players before the advent of the World Cup of Hockey.
Challenge Cup 1979
Rendez Vous 1987
In 1987, two matches were held between the USSR and NHL All Stars in Quebec City, Canada in place of the annual NHL All Star Game. Each team won one game and the series was declared a tie.
Ninety Nine All Stars Tour
During the 1994–95 NHL lockout the Ninety Nine All Stars Tour was created by Wayne Gretzky and some of his personal friends, who formed a team and toured Europe for a total of eight games against mainly European competition, and playing games in five different countries.
World Cup
In 1996, the World Cup of Hockey replaced the Canada Cup.
Olympics
Between 1998 and 2014, the NHL had a break in the season to allow its players to participate in the Olympics.
IIHF World Championships
Since 1976, there has been no limit to how many NHL players countries can send to the IIHF World Championships, but the tournament is usually played during the NHL playoffs. Because of the NHL lockout in 2004, all NHL players were available to participate in the 2005 Championship. However, many players did not participate because they had not played for a full season, and were therefore not in "game shape."
NHL Challenge
Between 2000 and 2003, a select few NHL teams traveled to Europe to play exhibition games against top division teams in the Swedish and Finnish leagues.
Victoria Cup
The Victoria Cup was an ice hockey tournament organized by the IIHF and intended for teams of the Champions Hockey League and the NHL. The inaugural Cup was a single game playoff between the 2008 IIHF European Champions Cup winners Metallurg Magnitogorsk and the New York Rangers of the NHL. It was held in Bern, Switzerland on 1 October 2008. The Rangers won 4-3.
The 2009 edition of the tournament featured the ZSC Lions, the 2008–09 Champions Hockey League winners, and the Chicago Blackhawks of the NHL. The ZSC Lions defeated the Blackhawks 2-1 in the Hallenstadion in Zurich, Switzerland.
KHL vs NHL games
Teams of the former Soviet league have not played against NHL teams after the Super Series ended until 2008, when the 2008 Victoria Cup took place in Bern. In 2010 the NHL teams played their first games on Russian and Latvian ice since 1990.
See also
International Ice Hockey Federation
National Hockey League
Ice Hockey World Championships
List of international games played by NHL teams
External links
Hockey Hall of Fame's Summary of Super Series
Top Level Hockey World Rankings
Canada Versus the Soviet Union The heyday of the battle for world hockey supremacy (1972-1987)
References
International
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23798753
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%20Dominic%20Academy%20%28Maine%29
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Saint Dominic Academy (Maine)
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Saint Dominic Academy is a Catholic grammar school and high school located on two sites: in Lewiston, Maine, and Auburn, Maine. Both sites are in the Diocese of Portland.
The Lewiston campus is for grades Pre-K to 5 while the Auburn campus is for Grades 6 to 12.
History
Maine's Lewiston-Auburn region is rich with Franco-American history, and families that immigrated to the area for opportunities that the textile mills and shoe shops along the Androscoggin River offered. In 1881 those families united to open the first Catholic schools in the Lewiston-Auburn area. With the growing Franco-American population, more Catholic schools opened until nearly every parish supported its own elementary school.
In 1941, those parishes united to found St. Dominic High School. The first construction undertaken was the St. Dominic Arena. It was reasoned that the profits from the arena would help finance the new St. Dominic High School. The community responded with contributions of land, heavy machinery, and manpower. At the same time, Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul (Lewiston, Maine) Parish began what became known as "La Marche des Dix Sous," a parish collection that went to the St. Dom's Fund. This collection went on for fifteen years under the sponsorship of the Holy Name Society of the parish. This feat was accomplished by the community in order to obtain their Catholic high school.
In the late 1990s, parishioner numbers began dwindling due to many factors that included area out migration. Due to the loss of the two major industries, parish elementary schools began to consolidate. Eleven original parish schools consolidated into four. Then in 2006, in an effort to maximize educational resources, a decision was made to consolidate all of the parish elementary schools which formed Trinity Catholic School.
In the year 2000, Bishop Joseph Gerry made the decision to build a new high school facility in the city of Auburn on 72 acres of land donated by the Schiavi Family. The Libra Foundation was one of the many benefactors who made this project a reality and in January 2002 the new building opened.
Throughout these consolidations our school families have responded with grace and support. And in 2010, the consolidation was completed in the formation of Saint Dominic Academy that merged Trinity Catholic Elementary School and St. Dominic Regional High School.
The elementary campus in Lewiston houses grades pre-school through six and the junior/senior high school campus in Auburn houses grades seven through twelve. The total enrollment the combined school stands at 600.
Sports
St. Dom's has a rich hockey history. The Dominican pastor Rev. Herve Drouin, O.P., founded the school as an educational institution for adolescent hockey players. Today, several other varsity and junior varsity teams make up the athletic program at the school. Fall sports include: boys and girls cross country running, field hockey, boys and girls golf, boys and girls soccer. Winter sports include: boys and girls basketball, cheerleading, boys and girls indoor track, boys and girls hockey, boys and girls swimming. Spring sports include: baseball, boys and girls lacrosse, boys and girls track, boys and girls tennis, and softball.
References
French-American culture in Maine
Schools in Lewiston–Auburn, Maine
Catholic secondary schools in Maine
Educational institutions established in 1941
Private middle schools in Maine
Roman Catholic Diocese of Portland
1941 establishments in Maine
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16054514
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Blimont
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Saint-Blimont
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Saint-Blimont is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
Geography
The commune is situated west of Abbeville, on the D106 road. Sitting squarely between the industrial Vimeu region and the tourist regions of Picardie.
History
Closely linked with Saint-Valery-sur-Somme. The monk evangelist Saint Valery healed Blimond around 615, who succeeded him as head of the abbey at Saint-Valery-sur-Somme.
Population
Places of interest
The fifteenth century watchtower that has been a belltower for about 150 years. The tower is accessible in July and August, with guided visits every Saturday at 11 o'clock.
The nineteenth century church, with interesting elements such as beams, a baptismal font originating from the previous sixteenth century church and a 15th-century statue of Saint Blimond.
See also
Communes of the Somme department
References
Communes of Somme (department)
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151016
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monetta%2C%20South%20Carolina
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Monetta, South Carolina
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Monetta is a town in Aiken and Saluda counties, South Carolina, United States. The population was 236 at the 2010 census.
The Aiken County portion of Monetta is part of the Augusta, Georgia metropolitan area.
Geography
Monetta is located at (33.849642, -81.608200), near the southern corner of Saluda County and the northern corner of Aiken County. U.S. Route 1 passes through the town, leading northeast to Batesburg-Leesville and then Columbia, the state capital, and southwest to Aiken.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 220 people, 92 households, and 64 families living in the town. The population density was 298.7 people per square mile (114.8/km2). There were 108 housing units at an average density of 146.6 per square mile (56.3/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 73.64% White, 24.55% African American, and 1.82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.00% of the population.
There were 92 households, out of which 34.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.1% were married couples living together, 15.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.4% were non-families. 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.92.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.5% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 26.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 76.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.5 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $28,750, and the median income for a family was $39,167. Males had a median income of $30,000 versus $21,875 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,867. About 8.1% of families and 6.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under the age of eighteen and 10.3% of those 65 or over.
2010 Demographics
The following is from the 2010 Demographics
Total Population 236 (100.00%)
Population by Race
Black or African American alone 44 (18.64%)
Some other race alone 9 (3.81%)
Two or more races 10 (4.24%)
White alone 173 (73.31%)
Population by Hispanic or Latino Origin (of any race)
Persons Not of Hispanic or Latino Origin 204 (86.44%)
Persons of Hispanic or Latino Origin 32 (13.56%)
Population by Gender
Female 129 (54.66%)
Male 107 (45.34%)
Population by Age
Persons 0 to 4 years 8 (3.39%)
Persons 5 to 17 years 43 (18.22%)
Persons 18 to 64 years 147 (62.29%)
Persons 65 years and over 38 (16.10%)
References
Towns in South Carolina
Towns in Aiken County, South Carolina
Towns in Saluda County, South Carolina
Columbia metropolitan area (South Carolina)
Augusta metropolitan area
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42499113
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantino%20%28disambiguation%29
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Fantino (disambiguation)
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Fantino is a city in the Dominican Republic. The name may also be used for:
Geography
Monte Fantino is a mountain in the Ligurian Alps.
Music
An instrumental tune by Sébastien Tellier, originally released on his debut album L'incroyable Vérité, that featured on the soundtrack of the 2003 film Lost in Translation
People
Given name
Saint Fantinus (local Italian Santo Fantino), two incumbents
Last name
Alejandro Fantino, Argentine TV host
Edmund Fantino, American psychologist
Julian Fantino, commissioner of the Ontario provincial Police
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30185384
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakur%20%28Vidhan%20Sabha%20constituency%29
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Pakur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)
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Pakaur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is an assembly constituency in the Indian state of Jharkhand.
Overview
Pakaur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) covers: Pakaur Police Station in Pakaur district; and Barharwa Police Station in Sahibganj district.
Pakaur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is part of Rajmahal (Lok Sabha constituency).
Members of Legislative Assembly
2005: Alamgir Alam, Indian National Congress.
2009: Aquil Akhtar, Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
2014: Alamgir Alam, Indian National Congress
2019: Alamgir Alam, Indian National Congress
See also
Pakur block
Barharwa (community development block)
List of states of India by type of legislature
References
Assembly constituencies of Jharkhand
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381729
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lachine%20Rapids
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Lachine Rapids
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The Lachine Rapids are a series of rapids on the Saint Lawrence River, between the Island of Montreal and the south shore. They are located near the former city of Lachine.
The Lachine Rapids contain large standing waves because the water volume and current do not change with respect to the permanent features in the riverbed, namely its shelf-like drops. Seasonal variation in the water flow does not change the position of the waves, although it does change their size and shape. The rapids are about 3 miles (4.8 km) in length.
In the past these represented a considerable barrier to maritime traffic. Until the construction of the Lachine Canal through Montreal, the rapids had to be portaged. Even with the canal, the difficulty was such that it was usually more convenient to ship goods by rail to Montreal, where they could be loaded at the city's port. Montreal remains a major rail hub and one of Canada's largest ports for that reason.
The Lachine Rapids are now passed by the South Shore Canal (Saint-Lambert and Côte Sainte-Catherine locks) of the Saint Lawrence Seaway.
Wildlife
The rapids contain a number of islands used by migratory birds.
History
The first European to see the rapids was Jacques Cartier, who sailed up the St. Lawrence River in 1535, believing he had found the Northwest Passage. In 1611, Samuel de Champlain named the rapids Sault Saint-Louis, after a teenaged crewman named Louis who drowned here; the name later extended to Lac Saint-Louis. This name remained in use until the mid-19th century, but later came to be replaced by the name of the adjacent town of Lachine.
The first Europeans known to have traveled above these rapids were Champlain and Étienne Brûlé on the 13 June 1611. Brûlé continued upriver to live among the Algonquin, while Champlain himself would not travel further up the Ottawa River until May 1613.
The first person to design a ship capable of shooting the Lachine Rapids was shipbuilder and carpenter John McQuaid, a native of County Armagh, Ireland who later settled in Kingston, Ontario with his family.
Recreation
Whitewater rafting and jet boat expeditions to the rapids are available in Montreal. Though a life jacket is required. Whitewater kayaking has become popular, along with river surfing, on a standing wave adjacent to the Habitat 67.().
The place is very good to visit and the best time to visit is between mid-winter/spring.
References
Landforms of Montreal
Portages in Canada
Saint Lawrence River
Landforms of Montérégie
Tourist attractions in Montérégie
Lachine, Quebec
Bodies of water of Quebec
Rapids of Canada
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2476086
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard%20de%20S%C3%A8de
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Gérard de Sède
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Géraud-Marie de Sède, baron de Liéoux (5 June 1921 – 29 May 2004) was a French author, writing under the nom-de-plume of Gérard de Sède, and a member of various surrealist organizations. He was born into an aristocratic family from Comminges, the son of Marcel Alfred Gustave de Sède, baron de Liéoux and Aimée de Sède de Liéoux 's first cousins, once removed. De Sède's father was the senior editor of the Catholic newspaper Le Courrier du Pas-de-Calais owned by the De Sède family.
De Sède authored more than 20 books and contributed articles to various magazines, sometimes using the pseudonyms Pumaz, Allard, Gillot and Simon. He is best known for his 1967 book L'Or de Rennes, ou La Vie insolite de Bérenger Saunière, curé de Rennes-le-Château ("The Gold of Rennes, or The Strange Life of Bérenger Saunière, Priest of Rennes-le-Château"), published as a paperback in 1968 entitled Le Trésor Maudit de Rennes-le-Château ("The Accursed Treasure of Rennes-le-Château"). A revised and updated version entitled Signé: Rose+Croix was published in 1977.
Early life
After passing his Baccalauréat, de Sède began studying law and literature where he met his future wife Marie-Andrée at the Sorbonne. It was during this period that he established contacts with the Surrealists and began producing his first works.
In 1941, he was a member of the Surrealist group "La Main à Plume", which was named after a phrase by Rimbaud, "La main à plume vaut la main à charrue" ("The hand that writes is equal to the hand that ploughs").
The group published a series of pamphlets. Its third issue, in 1943, included Gérard de Sède's L'Incendie habitable ("The Inhabitable Fire").
Gérard de Sède was active in the war during the German occupation of Paris, working with the Forces Françaises de l'Intérieur (FFI), for which he received two citations. He was imprisoned by the Germans in Bourges.
Regarding the Resistance as a way of establishing a new world order, de Sède moved about in Trotskyist circles.
De Sède married Marie-Andrée in February 1947, commonly known as 'Sophie', who had been his companion in the resistance. He decided to study philosophy and became a pupil of Gaston Bachelard, under whom he wrote a dissertation on Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
At the beginning of the 1950s de Sède associated with the poets Nazim Hikmet and Edouard Glissant, and with the philosopher Henri Lefebvre. At the same time he re-established contact with André Breton.
Attracted by the politics of Marshal Tito, de Sède moved to Yugoslavia with his wife and children before returning to France, holding several jobs in journalism before deciding to become a farmer.
Gisors
It was during his period as a farmer that he employed and got to know Roger Lhomoy - Lhomoy had previously worked since 1929 as a tourist guide at the Château de Gisors in Normandy and claimed to have discovered under the tower donjon in March 1946, a secret entrance to a long basement thirty meters long, nine meters wide, and approximately four and a half meters high, saying it was a subterranean chapel dedicated to Saint Catherine. He alleged it contained nineteen sarcophagi of stone, each two meters long and sixty centimeters wide, with 30 iron coffers arranged in columns of ten. Lhomoy said it was the treasure of the Knights Templar These allegations inspired Gérard de Sède to write a magazine article about Gisors, that caught the attention of Pierre Plantard, who wrote to de Sède. They collaborated on Les Templiers sont parmi nous, ou, L'Enigme de Gisors ("The Templars are Amongst Us, or The Enigma of Gisors"), that was published in 1962, containing passing references to the Priory of Sion. Lhomoy was finally dismissed as a liar when in 1964 an official excavation produced a negative result. Philippe de Chérisey, a friend and associate of Pierre Plantard, later claimed in 1978 that the subterranean chapel contained "30 iron coffers of the archives of the Priory of Sion."
L'Or de Rennes
De Sède and Plantard collaborated next on the subject of Rennes-le-Château, resulting in the publication of L'Or de Rennes in 1967.
Originally a Pierre Plantard manuscript that failed to find a publisher, and extensively rewritten by Gérard de Sède, L'Or de Rennes presented as fact various claims about Bérenger Saunière and Rennes-le-Château that were the authors' inventions, in order to embellish a story about the discovery of a hidden secret. The book was most famous for its reproduction of two "parchments" that were allegedly discovered by the priest: but for a variety of different reasons they have been identified as forgeries by Philippe de Chérisey.
The central claim in L'Or de Rennes was that Saunière found parchments proving that the lineage of the "last" Merovingian king, Dagobert II, assassinated on 23 December 679, did not die with him as had previously been thought. His son was presumed to have escaped the massacre and took refuge at Rennes-le-Château, where he founded a line of descent before being buried in 758 in the church crypt. These genealogical documents implicated to an exceptional degree the Priory of Sion, a secret organisation working behind the scenes ever since the Carolingian and Capetian usurpations for the recognition of the legitimacy of the Merovingian line of descent to the throne of France. Pierre Plantard claimed to be descended from Dagobert II.
De Sède and Plantard fell out over book royalties relating to L'Or de Rennes and never worked together again, at the same time Philippe de Chérisey announced the "parchments" were his creations that he later elaborated upon in his 1978 unpublished document entitled L'Énigme de Rennes, claiming they were originally made for his friend Francis Blanche, as material for a French radio serial entitled Signé Furax. The story about the parchments was previously given in the 1977 document by Jean Delaude entitled Le Cercle d'Ulysse.
L'Or de Rennes was to have a lasting impact on British script-writer Henry Lincoln, who read the book while on holiday in the Cévennes in 1969, leading him to inspire three BBC Two Chronicle documentaries, as well as working some of its material into the 1982 bestseller Holy Blood, Holy Grail which itself was used as source material for the bestselling 2003 novel by Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code.
Later years
Gérard de Sède returned to the subject matter of Bérenger Saunière during the late 1980s writing Rennes-le-Château: le dossier, les impostures, les phantasmes, les hypothèses, discounting the Plantard-related material that had appeared over the previous 20 years. He claimed Saunière obtained his wealth from the Habsburgs in return for parchments containing "politico-genealogical secrets" about the descent of Louis XVII. He claimed the "Merovingian romance" was a parody where Dagobert II replaced Louis XVI, his son Sigebert IV replaced Louis XVII and Pierre Plantard replaced Charles-Guillaume Naundorff.
He afterwards moved to Nicaragua, then to Belgium, before returning to France during the 1990s.
Gérard de Sède died in Désertines (Montluçon), on Saturday, 29 May 2004, de Sède's coffin was draped with the flag of the Soviet Union. He was buried in Lieoux.
Priory of Sion
In a 2005 TV documentary, de Sede's son Arnaud stated categorically that his father and Plantard had made up the existence of the Priory of Sion — to quote Arnaud de Sède in the programme, "it is absolute piffle".
See also
Dossiers Secrets
Notes
Works
Gérard de Sède, L'Incendie habitable (Paris: La Main à Plume, 1942).
Gérard de Sède, Petite Encyclopédie des grandes Familles (with Sophie de Sède, Paris: Société des Éditions modernes). No date.
Gérard de Sède, Les Templiers sont parmi nous, ou, L'Enigme de Gisors (Paris: René Julliard 1962). Reprinted by Éditions J'ai lu in 1968. Revised and amended edition by Plon in 1976.
Gérard de Sède, Le Trésor Cathare (Paris: René Julliard, 1966).
Gérard de Sède, L'Or de Rennes, ou La Vie insolite de Bérenger Saunière, curé de Rennes-le-Château (with Sophie de Sède, Paris: René Julliard, 1967). Also published by Le Cercle du Nouveau Livre d'Histoire, 1967.
Gérard de Sède, Pourquoi Prague? Le Dossier Tchecoslovaque 1945-1968 (with Antoine Berman, François Lourbert, Michel Abrami, Paris: J. Tallandier, 1968).
Gérard de Sède, Le Trésor Maudit de Rennes-le-Château (with Sophie de Sède, Paris: Éditions J'ai lu. "L'Aventure mystérieuse" series, 1968).
Gérard de Sède, Magie à Marsal (with François Lourbet, Paris: René Julliard, 1969)
Gérard de Sède, La Race Fabuleuse, Extra-Terrestres Et Mythologie Mérovingienne (Paris: Éditions J'ai lu, 1973).
Gérard de Sède, Le secret des Cathares (Paris: Éditions J'ai lu, 1974).
Gérard de Sède, Le Vrai dossier de l'énigme de Rennes, réponse à M. Descadeillas, avec des documents inédits (Vestric: Éditions de l'Octogone, Collection Le Douzième arcane, 1975).
Gérard de Sède, Aujourd'hui, les nobles (Paris: Alain Moreau, 1975).
Gérard de Sède, Le Mystère gothique: des ruines aux cathédrales (Paris: Éditions Robert Laffont, 1976).
Gérard de Sède, "Henri Boudet ou le jouer de Meaux." Preface to Henri Boudet, La Vrai Langue Celtique et le Cromleck de Rennes-les-Bains (Paris: Éditions de la Demeure Philosophale, 1978).
Gérard de Sède, Le Sang des Cathares: l'Occitanie rebelle du Moyen âge (Paris: Plon, 1976). Reprinted by Paris: Presses pocket, 1978.
Gérard de Sède, Du trésor de Delphes à la tragédie Cathare (Pygmalion, 1976)
Gérard de Sède, Signé: Rose+Croix: l'énigme de Rennes-le-Château (with the collaboration of Michèle Deuil, Paris: Plon, 1977).
Gérard de Sède, Fatima: enquête sur une Imposture (Paris: Alain Moreau, 1977).
Gérard de Sède, L'Étrange univers des Prophètes (Paris: Éditions J'ai lu, 1977).
Gérard de Sède, La Rose-Croix (Paris: Éditions J'ai lu, 1978).
Gérard de Sède, Saint-Émilion insolite (Saint-Émilion: Office de tourisme-syndicat d'initiative, 1980).
Gérard de Sède, 700 ans de révoltes Occitanes (Paris: Plon, 1982).
Gérard de Sède, Rennes-le-Château: le dossier, les impostures, les phantasmes, les hypothèses (Paris: Robert Laffont, Les Énigmes de l'univers collection, 1988).
Gérard de Sède, L'Occultisme dans la Politique (with Sophie de Sède; Paris: Robert Laffont, 1994).
Gérard de Sède, Vues hérétiques sur l'héraldique: le blason, son écriture, son symbolisme et sa phonétique (with Sophie de Sède, Paris: Éditions Dervy, 2003).
References
L'ABC de RLC – l'Encyclopédie de Rennes-le-Château, pages 208-209 (Marseille: Éditions Arqa, 2009).
Jean-Luc Chaumeil, Rennes-le-Château – Gisors – Le Testament du Prieuré de Sion (Le Crépuscule d’une Ténebreuse Affaire), Editions Pégase, 2006.
Pierre Jarnac, Histoire du trésor de Rennes-le-Château (Cabestany: Saleilles, 1985). Reprinted by Éditions Bélisane, 1998.
Pierre Jarnac, Les Archives de Rennes-le-Château, volume 2 (Éditions Bélisane, 1988).
John Saul & Janice A. Glaholm, Rennes-le-Château, A Bibliography (London: Mercurius Press,1985).
Da Vinci Declassified, 2006 TLC video documentary
"Priory of Sion", 60 Minutes, 30 April 2006, produced by Jeanne Langley, hosted by Ed Bradley
1921 births
2004 deaths
Writers from Paris
Pseudohistorians
Priory of Sion hoax
French male non-fiction writers
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28357492
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eureka%2C%20Oregon
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Eureka, Oregon
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Eureka is a ghost town in Baker County, Oregon, United States, located along Cracker Creek, approximately north of Sumpter, and from Bourne. It was originally founded as a mining camp 1892, though by 1945 operations had ceased.
References
1892 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1892
Former populated places in Baker County, Oregon
Ghost towns in Oregon
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6297924
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vic%20Briggs
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Vic Briggs
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Victor Harvey Briggs III (14 February 1945 – 30 June 2021) was a British blues and rock musician, best known as the lead guitarist with Eric Burdon and The Animals during the 1966–1968 period. Briggs, a convert to Sikhism, later played classical Indian and Hawaiian music, and adopted the name Antion Vikram Singh Meredith.
History
Family and early career
Vic Briggs was born in Twickenham, Middlesex, England. He was named after his father, an American army captain who was killed in action in France in November 1944, shortly before Briggs' birth. His British mother ensured that Briggs' American citizenship was recognized, through obtaining a U.S. passport for him at an early age. She raised him with her parents in the town of Feltham, near London. Briggs attended Hampton Grammar School, where his contemporaries included Paul Samwell-Smith and Jim McCarty, later of The Yardbirds, Brian May, later of Queen and singer-actor Murray Head. In 1961, at the age of 16, Briggs met well-known British session guitarist Big Jim Sullivan, who became a mentor.
Through Sullivan, Briggs was introduced to members of The Echoes, a band that Briggs ultimately joined for three weeks in 1961, as his first engagement as a professional musician, before returning to school. During this brief period, Briggs met Rory Storm, Ringo Starr and Gerry and the Pacemakers, among other musicians, and played with The Echoes at the Cavern Club in Liverpool. Briggs continued playing with semi-professional bands upon his return to school, and also was asked to rejoin The Echoes in 1962 for an engagement as the backing band for Jerry Lee Lewis. In the summer of 1962, Briggs was playing with a band called Peter Nelson and The Travelers, members of whom would later form The Flower Pot Men and White Plains, and which briefly included Mitch Mitchell as the drummer.
Briggs' experiences as a musician conflicted with his studies and Briggs was asked not to return to Hampton Grammar School as of the commencement of the 1962–1963 academic year. During the 1962-1963 period, Briggs played throughout England, Scotland and Germany as a member of the Shel Carson Combo, which later became The Rokes upon the band's relocation to Italy, which Briggs did not participate in. A bandmate was John Weider, who would later join Briggs in Eric Burdon and The Animals, and remains a lifelong friend. While in Germany, the band had a residency at the Top Ten Club. Briggs then played in England and Germany with a number of bands throughout 1964, until being asked to rejoin The Echoes in early 1965. At that time, The Echoes had become the backup band to Dusty Springfield. As a member of The Echoes, Briggs toured with Springfield and contributed to her 1965 album Ev'rything's Coming Up Dusty, as well as performing with her at the New Musical Express 1965 awards ceremony at Wembley Arena, where Springfield won the award for World Female Singer. Briggs and the rest of The Echoes also backed Springfield on her Top 10 hit single "In The Middle of Nowhere", released in June 1965, but which was not included on the album.
During this period, Briggs befriended keyboardist Brian Auger. Later in 1965 when, with the encouragement of producer and manager Giorgio Gomelsky, Auger co-founded Steampacket, with Long John Baldry, he asked Briggs to join. Other members were Rod Stewart and Julie Driscoll on vocals, Micky Waller on drums and Richard Brown on bass. The band never formally recorded a studio or live album. Demo recordings were released in multiple versions, commencing in 1972, following Rod Stewart's later success. When Rod Stewart was fired from Steampacket and then Long John Baldry left Steampacket in 1966, the band continued as Brian Auger's Trinity, initially based in France. Briggs and Auger also participated in the recording of a Johnny Hallyday album during this period, La Génération Perdue, which resulted in a French hit single version of "Black is Black". Briggs' participation in the recording of the album is uncredited.
In September 1966, Briggs met Jimi Hendrix, shortly after Hendrix had arrived in England. Hendrix, at the suggestion and request of Chas Chandler to Brian Auger, had sat in with Brian Auger and The Trinity, including Briggs and using Briggs' equipment, at The Scotch of St. James club in London. This was one of Hendrix' first public performances in England. Later that fall, Auger and The Trinity were backing Johnny Hallyday at an engagement at the Paris Olympia, to which Hendrix had been added as the opening act. Mike Jeffery, who managed Eric Burdon and, with Chas Chandler, co-managed Jimi Hendrix, approached Briggs at the engagement with an offer to join Burdon's new band. Briggs agreed. Briggs had been suggested to Eric Burdon and Mike Jeffery by John Weider, Briggs' former bandmate in the Shel Carson Combo, after Weider had joined Burdon's new band.
Eric Burdon and The Animals
Briggs joined Eric Burdon's reconstituted Animals, known as Eric Burdon and The Animals, in November 1966. Briggs is described by one biographer as being "the most musically adept musician ever to pass through the ranks of the Animals in either of that group's major incarnations". Between 1967 and 1968, Briggs recorded three albums with Eric Burdon and The Animals, two of which involved song co-writing credit for all members of the band. As a consequence, Briggs is credited as a co-writer of most of the hit singles of the band during this period, as well as being formally credited as the arranger of most of the singles. Briggs, who could read music, was able to develop music charts and consequently arranged much of the band's music during this period, adding horn and other instrumental parts to the songs.
In January 1967, barely a month after the band commenced performing, manager Mike Jeffrey arranged for Eric Burdon to record a song being included in the soundtrack for the Casino Royale movie, which was being written by Burt Bacharach and Hal David. Briggs had arranged the music, to the satisfaction of Bacharach and David. It was the first written arrangement by Briggs to have been recorded. Eric Burdon's lack of interest in the project, demonstrated by his lack of preparation in relation to Hal David's lyrics, caused the opportunity to be scrapped, to Briggs' significant regret. Later in 1967, "Ain't That So", co-written by Briggs and John Scott, was included in the soundtrack to the movie Stranger in the House.
Briggs considered the appearance of the band at the Monterey Pop Festival, in June 1967, as one of his most significant experiences as a musician. He regarded one of his most exciting performances as being when The Animals played at the Hollywood Bowl, in November 1967.
Briggs, along with bandmate Danny McCulloch, was fired from the band in the summer of 1968, prior to the release of Every One of Us, in August 1968. Briggs has not seen Eric Burdon since approximately 1969.
In 1992, to the consternation of Eric Burdon, Briggs registered a U.S. trademark of "The Animals" band name, and performed under that name with former band members Danny McCulloch and Barry Jenkins. The band's most notable performance, with Phil Ryan instead of Eric Burdon on lead vocals, was a 1992 performance in Moscow's Red Square, as part of a benefit concert for victims of the Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster.
Later career
During the 1968-1969 period, Briggs, having purchased a house in Topanga Canyon and based in Los Angeles, developed a reputation as an independent arranger and producer. Since Briggs was himself a professional musician, he was considered by other musicians to have a particular sensitivity, when arranging and producing for them. In May 1969, he became a staff producer and arranger at Capitol Records. During this period, he arranged and produced albums by Danny McCulloch, Zoot Money, Hilton Valentine and Sean Bonniwell, among others. None of the albums were successful, which Briggs attributed in part to the lack of support by the record company for new artists. An album was required to succeed on its own, independently of record company support. Bonniwell and his music, including the album produced and arranged by Briggs, later achieved a level of cult status.
Briggs and several other producers were fired by Capitol Records at the end of 1969, with existing projects on which they were working being discontinued. Briggs attributes his firing from Capitol Records as precipitating his decision to leave the music business, as well as the commencement of his spiritual growth. He sold all of his guitars, a decision which he later came to regret, and did not own a guitar for nineteen years thereafter. Briggs also later regretted not further developing his orchestration abilities.
Briggs first became interested in Indian music through Eric Clapton. Briggs had first met Clapton in 1966, when Briggs was a member of Steampacket and the band shared the bill with John Mayall's Bluesbreakers, where Clapton was the guitarist. Eric Clapton introduced Briggs to albums by the Dagar Brothers and Pannalal Ghosh. Briggs later purchased the 1965 album by Ravi Shankar and Ali Akbar Khan, Ravi Shankar and Ali Akbar Khan, Alla Rakha - Duets. Briggs was particularly influenced by the sarod playing of Khan, whom he describes as "one of the most emotionally expressive musicians in the world". Briggs later met Ravi Shankar at the 1967 Monterey Pop Festival, where Briggs was also performing with Eric Burdon and The Animals. Shankar's performance at the Monterey Pop Festival was the first performance of Indian classical music that Briggs had ever seen. The second performance of Indian classical music that Briggs attended was that of Ali Akbar Khan in London, later that same year. The performances of Khan and Shankar profoundly affected Briggs.
Following initial influences through attending a seminar by Baba Ram Das (the former Richard Alpert), in January 1970 Briggs attended a Los Angeles yoga class instructed by Yogi Bhajan. Followers of Yogi Bhajan included singer Johnny Rivers. Briggs was profoundly influenced by the experience, and followed Yogi Bhajan for twenty years thereafter. In retrospect, Briggs regarded his time with Yogi Bhajan as having been cult-like in nature.
Briggs commenced studying Kundalini yoga and Nāda yoga, as well as Sikh sacred music. At the request of Yogi Bhajan, Briggs returned to England in December 1970, to open a yoga studio and to teach Kundalini yoga This was the first studio of Kundalini yoga in England.
During this period, Briggs developed further interest in Sikh religious music, and in the Sikh religion, spending much time with members of the Sikh community in London. Briggs was particularly attracted to the use of the harmonium in Sikh religious music, and commenced learning how to play it. Members of the Sikh community in London began to refer to Briggs as Vikram Singh, and were impressed with Briggs' ability to sing and play Sikh sacred music. In 1971, Briggs was formally baptized as a Sikh and chose the name Vikram, to which was added Singh Khalsa. Briggs was thereafter invited to perform at various Sikh temples throughout England. Also during this period, Briggs met and later married actress Kirsten Lindholm, who also converted to Sikhism.
At the request of Yogi Bhajan, Briggs returned to southern California from England, in the early 1970s. Briggs attended the Ali Akbar College of Music in Marin County. In 1977, Yogi Bhajan appointed Briggs and his wife as co-directors of the Guru Ram Das Ashram, in San Diego. They continued in that capacity until 1990, when they left Yogi Bhajan. The involvement in the Sikh community of Briggs and his wife continued to grow; Briggs became one of the founding members of the Sikh temple in San Diego. Briggs and his wife left Yogi Bhajan based on a dispute over whether the equity in the temple should belong to the local membership or to the central leadership. During this period, Briggs also had a plumbing business in San Diego.
In 1979, Briggs performed Sikh religious music throughout northern India and was the first non-Indian to perform kirtan at Harimandir Sahib (also called the Golden Temple of Amritsar), which was a very powerful religious moment for him. Briggs subsequently recorded several albums of Indian music. with a particular focus on the Gurbani kirtan, being representations of hymns from Sikh scriptures generally set to ragas.
Briggs kept a degree of distance from Sikh social settings: "Sikhi spoke to my soul. Gurbani still speaks to my soul. I just prefer not to be involved much with Sikhs, Indian or American, because of the political considerations that are always present."
The name Antion, which Briggs adopted as a stage name, came to Briggs following his observation of a solar eclipse above the ocean, from a beach at Del Mar, in 1992.
In 1993, Briggs and his family relocated to the Hawaiian island of Kauai. While in Hawaii, Briggs had a radio show for a period of time. During an earlier stopover in Hawaii, Briggs heard and developed an interest in the music of the Brothers Cazimero. Following his move to Hawaii, Briggs developed an interest in and commenced performing Hawaiian chant music, following study under Blaine Kia.
In 2003, Briggs provided an invited review of Sick of Being Me, a novel by Sean Egan, a novelist and journalist with a number of publications in relation to the music industry. The novel concerned the challenges to a struggling musician in the 1990s.
In 2008, Briggs and his family relocated to New Zealand, the country of his wife's early years, where Briggs, known as Antion Meredith, and his wife of over forty years, known as Elandra Kirsten Meredith, became yoga instructors.
He died from cancer in 2021.
Discography
As Antion
2007 One in the Goddess
2007 Live on Kauai
As Antion Vikram SinghSince Briggs adopted the stage name of Antion in 1992, it would appear that these releases, recorded between 1975 and 1991, were initially issued under the name Vikram Singh, and have been repackaged to include Briggs' later stage name.
Sacred Songs of the Sikhs
Jaap Saahib
Evening Raga
Cherdi Kala
Asa di Var
Eric Burdon and The Animals
Albums
1968 Every One of Us
1967 The Twain Shall Meet
1967 Winds of Change
Singles
1968 White Houses/Anything; River Deep, Mountain High
1968 Sky Pilot/Sky Pilot (Pt. 2)
1967 Monterey/Anything (UK), Ain't That So (US)
1967 Anything/It's All Meat
1967 Good Times/Ain't That So
1967 San Franciscan Nights/Good Times (U.S.); Gratefully Dead (U.K.)
1967 When I Was Young/ A Girl Named Sandoz
With Johnny Hallyday
Album
1966 La Génération Perdue
Single
1966 Black is Black ("Noir, C'est Noir")
Steampacket
1977 The Steampacket - The First Supergroup (Charly)
1972 Rock Generation Volume 6 - The Steampacket (BYG)
With Dusty Springfield
Album
1965 Ev'rything's Coming Up Dusty
Single
1965 In The Middle of Nowhere/Baby Don't You Know
As Producer, Arranger
Sean BonniwellProduced and Arranged by Vic Briggs.
Album
1969 Close (Capitol)
Single
1969 Where Am I To Go/Sleep
Marc EricProfile of Marc Eric, also known as Marc Eric Malmborg; Iron Leg. Retrieved 6 May 2017. As described by reviewer Bryan Thomas, "A Midsummer's Day Dream is treasured by collectors as one of the more perfect blends of soft pop and surf pop, with appropriately accenting vibraphones and French horns, pseudo-studio jazzy/soft pop melodies, "bah bah bah" harmonies, and moody string arrangements...". Review of A Midsummer's Day Dream; AllMusic. Retrieved 2017-05-06.
Album
1969 A Midsummer's Day Dream (Revue)
Singles
1969 Night of The Lions/Don't Cry Over Me
1969 Where Do The Girls of Summer Go/California Home
FutureAs described by one commentator, "Backed by an all star collection of studio players including Jim Burton, Jim Gordon, Mac Rebennack, and Red Rhodes, most of the set had an early West Coast country-rock vibe. ...There were also two odd psych moments - 'Silver Chalice' started and ended with a weird lysergic jazz vibe that was punctuated by a Gospel-ish chorus. Yeah, quite strange and difficult to accurately describe, but an album highlight. Equally bizarre, 'And Have Not Charity' sounded like a Gregorian chant being sung by a chorus that had been heavily dosed." Comments by RDTEN1, 8 June 2009; Rate Your Music. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
Album
1969 Down That Country Road (Shamley)
Singles
1969 Raggedy Jack/Love Is All You've Got
1969 Thank You Father, Thank You Mother/Love Is All You've Got
Danny McCulloch
Album
1969 Wings of A Man (Capitol)
Singles
1969 Wings of A Man/Orange and Red Beams
1969 Hope/Hold On
Tina and David Meltzer
1998 Green Morning (RD Records; originally arranged and produced by Vic Briggs in 1969.)
Zoot MoneyDescribed as "Swirling organ and brass orchestrations with subtle pop psych elements. The sweeping album opener ‘The Man Who Rides The Wind’ is a solid start with its emphasis on polished orchestration – an album standout. Another notable standout is ‘Heavy Load’, which employs a catchy emotive chorus and more infectious orchestration moves. ‘The Music Shop’ and ‘Landscape’ have excellent organ work. ‘Eight Is The Colour’ works an aggressive brass arrangement...". recorddigger, Review of Welcome To My Head. Rate Your Music, 15 April 2017. Retrieved 11 May 2017.
1969 Welcome To My Head (Capitol)
Surf Symphony
Album
1969 Song of Summer (Capitol)
Single
1969 Night of The Lions/That Bluebird of Summer
Hilton ValentineDescribed as "emphasizing low-key, wistfully gentle tunes, with a touch of Baroque production and orchestration". Richie Unterberger, Review of All in Your Head; AllMusic. Retrieved 11 May 2017.
1970 All In Your Head (Capitol)
References
External links
Antion Website
Antion Biography
Another Biography
1945 births
2021 deaths
Musicians from Twickenham
Performers of Sikh music
English blues guitarists
English male guitarists
English Sikhs
Converts to Sikhism
The Animals members
British rhythm and blues boom musicians
Steampacket members
Brian Auger and the Trinity members
British yoga teachers
English yogis
Veganism
British expatriates in India
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57216012
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limnephilus%20flavastellus
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Limnephilus flavastellus
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Limnephilus flavastellus is a species of northern caddisfly in the family Limnephilidae. It is found in North America.
References
Integripalpia
Articles created by Qbugbot
Insects described in 1918
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62575106
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumba%20languages
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Sumba languages
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The Sumba languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian language family, spoken on Sumba, an island in eastern Indonesia. They are closely related to the Hawu–Dhao languages.
Classification
A preliminary internal classification by Asplund (2010) recognizes three branches of the Sumba languages:
Central–East Sumbanese
East Sumbanese: Kambera (dialect cluster)
Mamboru
Central Sumbanese: Anakalangu, Wanukaka, Ponduk, Baliledu
Wejewa–Lamboya
Wejewa
Lamboya
Kodi–Gaura
Kodi
Gaura
References
Further reading
External links
Sumba at Ethnologue (22nd ed., 2019).
Languages of Indonesia
Sumba–Hawu languages
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29202924
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Joseph%27s%20Cathedral%2C%20Dar%20es%20Salaam
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St. Joseph's Cathedral, Dar es Salaam
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The Saint Joseph's Metropolitan Cathedral is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. It is a Gothic church located in Sokoine Drive, facing the harbour, close to the White Fathers' House. It was built by the Germans between 1897 and 1902 and consecrated as a Catholic church in 1905. The cathedral is the seat of the Dar es Salaam archdiocese. One of the most notable features of the church are the stained-glass windows behind the altar.
Notes
Buildings and structures in Dar es Salaam
Roman Catholic cathedrals in Tanzania
Cathedrals in Tanzania
Tourist attractions in Dar es Salaam
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17994160
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oshogbo%20Stadium
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Oshogbo Stadium
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Osogbo Township Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Prime F.C. and Ila Orangun FC. The stadium has a capacity of 10,000 people.
References
Football venues in Nigeria
Osogbo
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3019512
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cham%2C%20Germany
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Cham, Germany
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Cham (; ) is the capital of the district of Cham in the Upper Palatinate in Bavaria in Germany.
Location
Cham lies within the Cham-Furth lowland, which is bordered on the south by the Bavarian Forest and on the north by the Oberpfälzer Wald. The city lies on the Regen River, which joins the Danube at Regensburg.
Etymology
The name "Cham" is of Celtic origin and probably means "bend" or "curvature". In fact, a few kilometers from the city, a winding brook called the Chamb flows into the Regen; it probably gave its name to Cham, the first settlement at the bend of the larger river. Alternatively, the name may have derived from Kamm (comb). The city's coat of arms contains a comb. A partner city, also called "Cham" in Switzerland, is actually pronounced with an initial "ch" sound (Ach-Laut), whereas Bavarian Cham is pronounced with a .
History
Monks from Regensburg founded the Marienmünster, the first and oldest church in the Bavarian forest, at Chammünster in the 8th century. The first reference to Cham as a city appears in 976. An imperial castle stood on the Galgenberg (German: "gallows hill"), providing protection for the trade route into Bohemia. Cham was granted its own currency around 1000, the so-called Cham Denar. The 12th century saw the town's location shifted to its current place. The Hussite Wars of the 15th century inflicted great hardships on the townspeople. In 1742, the Pandur troops of Franz Freiherr von der Trenck overran and destroyed the city.
Cham's first railway connection came in 1861. On April 18, 1945, a British air raid on the western part of Cham caused 63 deaths. The arrival of numerous German war refugees from Silesia and the Sudetenland swelled Cham's population from 5,860 to over 10,000.
Cham is referred to in relation to the death of the father of the French resistance fighter Jeannette Guyot, Jean-Marie Guyot. He was also a member of the resistance, arrested early 1944 and transported to Cham where he died.
International relations
Cham, Germany is twinned with:
Cham, Switzerland
Klatovy, Czech Republic
Gainsborough, Great Britain
Notable people
Anne of Bohemia (1323–1338), a sister of Emperor Charles IV, later Duchess consort of Austria, Styria and Carinthia
Nicolas Luckner (1722–1794), Marshal of France, to whom the Marseillaise was dedicated
Karl Stern (1906–1975), professor of neurology and psychiatry, author; a street in Cham is named after him.
Fritz Zängl (1914–1942), German skier, born in Katzbach, now Cham
Ernie Stautner (1925–2006), German-born American football – coach and poker player
Wolfgang Gedeon (born 1947), physician, author and politician (AfD)
Max Deml (born 1957), publisher, writer, entrepreneur
Christoph Janker (born 1985), football defender
References
Cham (district)
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54411589
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagalpur%E2%80%93New%20Delhi%20Weekly%20Superfast%20Express
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Bhagalpur–New Delhi Weekly Superfast Express
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The 12349 / 12350 Bhagalpur–New Delhi Weekly Superfast Express is a Superfast train of the Indian Railways connecting in Bihar and of Delhi. It is currently being operated with 12349/12350 train numbers on a weekly basis.
Service
12349/Bhagalpur–New Delhi Weekly Superfast Express has average speed of 76 km/h and covers 1220 km in 21 hours 30 minutes. 12350/New Delhi–Bhagalpur Weekly Superfast Express has average speed of 73 km/hr and covers 1220 km in 21 hrs 55 minutes.
Previously this train was running via Patna Junction but from 18 March 2019 it is running via Gaya Junction. Instead of 17:30 hrs the train departed Bhagalpur junction at 15:30 hrs because time table of this train is changed from Bhagalpur Junction to Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay Junction. Also, it is running with LHB coaches from 18 March from Bhagalpur Junction to New Delhi.
Route & Halts
The important halts of this train are:
Note:- 12350 has no stoppage at Sultanganj.
Coach composition
The train has Advanced LHB rakes with max speed of 160 km/h. The train consists of 22 LHB coaches:
2 AC II Tier
3 AC III Tier
11 sleeper coaches
4 general
2 EOGs
Traction
Both trains are hauled by a Howrah-based WAP-7 electric locomotive from Bhagalpur to New Delhi and vice versa.
Rake sharing
The train shares its rake with 13423/13424 Bhagalpur–Ajmer Express.
See also
Bhagalpur Junction railway station
New Delhi railway station
Bhagalpur–Ajmer Express
Notes
External links
12349/Bhagalpur - New Delhi Weekly SF Express
12350/New Delhi - Bhagalpur Weekly SF Express
References
Transport in Bhagalpur
Transport in Delhi
Express trains in India
Rail transport in Bihar
Rail transport in Uttar Pradesh
Rail transport in Delhi
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37463192
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosoderma%20sylvaticum
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Nosoderma sylvaticum
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Nosoderma sylvaticum is a beetle, belonging to the genus Nosoderma.
References
Zopheridae
Beetles described in 2006
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38319499
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abra%20Channel
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Abra Channel
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Abra Channel (Spanish Canal Abra, formerly Sea Shell Channel) is one of the three channels which connects Magellan Strait with the Pacific Ocean (Others are Bárbara Channel and Magdalena Channel). It is located between the Santa Inés Island and the Jacques Island and ends at the Otway Bay. An incomplete examination by the Sylvia showed it to be a fine navigable passage, but no anchorages were found. It may possibly be of service to a vessel embayed in Otway Bay, enabling her to run into the strait. Abra Island, which stands in the center of the eastern entrance, is 300 feet high and covered with vegetation. The entrance is 2 miles wide, but it soon narrows to 1 mile.
A rock with a depth of 1.5 fathoms on it, and well marked with kelp, lies in the fairway of Abra Channel, with center of Maycock Island bearing 305°, distant 0,75 mile, and summit of Francis Island 32°.
Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa wrote:
We called it the opening (Abra) because we can't see its termination.
References
United States Hydrographic Office, South America Pilot (1916) p. 410
Straits of Chile
Bodies of water of Magallanes Region
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19409108
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhumitha%20%28director%29
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Madhumitha (director)
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Madhumitha is a Tamil film director.
Career
Madhumita was born in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India and grew up in Indonesia. She later moved to Singapore for college and did her master's degree in Los Angeles, US.
During her stay in Singapore she made several short films, one of which won the best of the world category in BBC and she was honoured with the Singapore Student Award. In USA, she briefly worked with the Pirates of the Caribbean team before returning to Chennai to become a film director.
Her debut film was the romantic drama Vallamai Tharayo starring R. Parthipan and Chaya Singh. In spite of mixed reviews, with Sify calling her direction "amateurish", the film completed a 100 days-run at the box office and won the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Family Film in 2008. According to Madhumitha, the film was also screened at various international film festivals including the Newport Beach Film Festival in Los Angeles. Her second film was the comedy flick Kola Kolaya Mundhirika, which was co-written by Crazy Mohan. After a five-years hiatus, 2015 will see the release of her next projects, the bilingual romantic comedies, Moone Moonu Varthai (Tamil) / Moodu Mukkallo Cheppalante.
Filmography
All films are in Tamil, unless otherwise noted.
References
External links
Tamil film directors
Living people
Film directors from Chennai
Indian women film directors
21st-century Indian film directors
Telugu film directors
Tamil screenwriters
Indian women screenwriters
Screenwriters from Chennai
Women artists from Tamil Nadu
21st-century Indian women artists
Year of birth missing (living people)
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38027461
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra%20Eisert
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Sandra Eisert
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Sandra Eisert (born January 1, 1952) is an American photojournalist, now an art director and picture editor. In 1974 she became the first White House picture editor. Later she was named Picture Editor of the Year by the National Press Photographers Association in its annual competition. She contributed to 1989 earthquake coverage that won a Pulitzer Prize for the San Jose Mercury News. As of 2012, she has her own business providing strategic planning for startups.
Early life
In 1969, Eisert attended Indiana University Bloomington, a public research university in Bloomington, Indiana. Four years later she received the Bachelor of Arts, Journalism (B.A.J.).
Career
After graduating, Eisert began working the photo desk at The Louisville Times, which was the afternoon paper of the Louisville Courier-Journal and Times. A year later, U.S. President Gerald Ford appointed Eisert to the position of White House picture editor, making her the first in that position at the White House. At that time, Eisert's transition was part of the first efforts towards gender parity in photojournalism that began in the 1960s and 1970s. Through her insider position at White House, Eisert advanced the area of photojournalism coverage of U.S. presidents. Writing about Eisert's contributions in his 2002 book, Get the Picture: A Personal History of Photojournalism, picture editor John G. Morris noted:
While at the Ford White House in 1975, Eisert served on the faculty of the Missouri Photo Workshop, an annual week-long photojournalism school based in Lee Hills Hall at the Missouri School of Journalism. Susan Ford (daughter of President Ford) attended the 1975 workshop. From 1975 to 2000, Eisert would go on to serve eighteen different years on the Missouri Photo Workshop faculty. In 1983, she described the Missouri Photo Workshop as being about "thinking": "thinking about photographs and how you do them is certainly relevant and in very short supply".
Life after the White House
After working in the Ford administration White House, Eisert worked as an Associated Press Washington Bureau picture editor, picture editor for The Washington Post and picture editor for the Louisville Courier-Journal and Times. Eisert was hired by the San Jose Mercury News as design director and was promoted to senior graphics editor before becoming art director for its Sunday magazine (West Magazine).
In 1986, Eisert worked with a seventeen-member team of photography editors to edit Day in the Life of America, a photo project by American photographer Rick Smolan. The 1986 Smolan project worked towards coordinating more than 200 photographers from 33 nations as part of one of the first attempts to catch the spirit of the United States in a single day on film. Eisert and her team were tasked with "winnowing down" more than a quarter-million photo frames taken in the 24-hours of Friday, May 2, 1986 into 300 prints to be published in the book, A Day in the Life of America Photographed by 200 of the world's leading photojournalists on one day.
In 1988, Eisert designed the cover photo for the Monsters of Rock Tour 1988. That same year, Eisert received the Atrium Award for Graphic Design while working at the San Jose Mercury News. At the San Jose Mercury News Eisert helped cover the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. The staff won the Pulitzer Prize for General News Reporting next year, citing "detailed coverage of the October 17, 1989, Bay Area earthquake and its aftermath."
1990s on
In 1990, Eisert was one of three judges who selected entries in a national exhibition of Women in Photojournalism that was taken on a national tour by the National Press Photographers Association (NPPA), a professional society of still and video photojournalists. In 1991, Eisert received the 1990 Picture Editor of the Year award for Newspapers/Sports Picture Editing in the Pictures of the Year competition. This award recognized Eisert's work, Field of Dreamers, for the San Jose Mercury News. A year later, Eisert was part of the six-person team at The Mercury News that was awarded third place in the 1991 Picture Editing/Team Portfolio category of the University of Missouri's Pictures of the Year. She took second place in the 1992 Pictures of the Year's Magazine Feature Story Picture Editing category for her contribution to a story in West Magazine.
After her string of Pictures of the Year awards, the National Press Photographers Association awarded Eisert the Joseph Costa Award at the NPPAs annual convention in June 1993. At the time, Eisert worked as West Magazine's Art Director and was the first woman to win the award since it was first given out in 1954. That same month, Eisert designed the cover for the June 27, 1993 issue of West Magazine, which subsequently received an award from the Sunday Magazine Editors Association as being one of the ten best Sunday magazine covers in the United States.
In early February 1994, Eisert left her position at the San Jose Mercury News to become the director of photography at the San Francisco Examiner newspaper. On her hiring, San Francisco Examiner executive editor Phil Bronstein noted, Eisert was part of a team of twelve Mercury News photo editors that received the 1993 Pictures of the Year competition's Overall Excellence in Editing award. The team's Overall Excellence in Editing award was determined from more than 25,000 pages and photographs from more than 1,500 editors and photographers based on each team or individual's submitted overall body of work.
In March 1994, Eisert received the Bronze award for photojournalism from the Society for News Design in the 15th annual Best of Newspaper Design competition based on her work on West Magazine. That same year, Eisert photo-edited Material World: A Global Family Portrait, a photo essay by American freelance photojournalist Peter Menzel. Two years later, Eisert photo-edited Women in the Material World, a 1996 companion volume to Material World that focuses on women from 20 different countries, along with short essays. Eisert and National Geographic Magazine photographer Chris Johns conducted a 1996 conference on nature and documentary photography at the National Museum of Wildlife Art.
In 1998, Eisert worked as senior graphics editor for Microsoft, where she designed the first MSNBC.com website. By that time, she had significant years as a photo editor. In reply to a 1998 written request from the University of Oregon visual communication and photojournalism professor Julianne H. Newton to give her thoughts on the role of a photo editor, Eisert replied:
In giving advice to mentee photojournalist Anna Marie Remedios at a 2005 Women in Photojournalism conference about family and career, Eisert noted: "Don't give up your life for your career. It's not worth it. You will be alone like I am". As of 2012, Eisert provides strategic planning for startups through Videre, her own company based in Redmond, Washington.
Selected publications
(Photo editing by Sandra Eisert)
(Picture editing by Sandra Eisert)
(Book designed by Sandra Eisert)
(Book Editor: Sandra Eisert)
Awards/Recognitions
References
External links
1952 births
American art directors
American photojournalists
Brown University alumni
American editors
Indiana University Bloomington alumni
Living people
People from Redmond, Washington
Place of birth missing (living people)
Pulitzer Prize winners for journalism
White House
American women photographers
The Mercury News people
Women graphic designers
21st-century American women
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25409925
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werauhia%20macrantha
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Werauhia macrantha
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Werauhia macrantha is a plant species in the genus Werauhia. This species is endemic to Costa Rica.
References
macrantha
Endemic flora of Costa Rica
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2002282
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatian%20Party%20of%20Rights%20of%20Bosnia%20and%20Herzegovina
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Croatian Party of Rights of Bosnia and Herzegovina
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The Croatian Party of Rights of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( or HSP BiH) is an extra-parliamentary party in Bosnia and Herzegovina that represents the ideology of Dr. Ante Starčević. The main goals of the HSP BiH are changes to the Treaty of Dayton, abolition of entities and subdivision of Bosnia and Herzegovina into territorial units.
History
Austria-Hungary
Austrian-Hungarian authorities considered the foundation of the Ante Starčević's Party of Rights (Stranka prava) in the Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina undesirable. The group of Croat intellectuals thus founded the Croat People's Union (Hrvatski narodni savez, HNZ) with the goal of establishing Starčević's party ideology. HNZ was mostly supported by peasantry, tradesmen and Franciscans. The party's leader was Nikola Mandić, while other prominent members of the party were Ivo Pilar, Safvet-beg Bašagić, Hamid Ekrem Sahinović and Jozo Sunarić.
Another party which used elements of Starčević's policy was the Croat Catholic Association (Hrvatska katolička udruga, HKU), which was not a secular party as HNZ was. Its leader was Roman Catholic bishop Josip Stadler. HKU established good relations with the Pure Party of Rights in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia and especially in the Kingdom of Dalmatia and also the Catholic-Social Party in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia. The party advocated political Catholicism and unification of Bosnia and Herzegovina with Croat lands.
Pilar and his associates stopped cooperating with the Catholic Association because of their political ideology, even though before that, they had good relations with Stadler. A second reason for the freezing of relations was the effort of HKU to unite Bosnia and Herzegovina with Croat lands, which Bosnian Muslims and Serbs didn't approve of. Since both HNZ and HKU were part of the Pan-Pravaštvo organization, both parties continued to cooperate in 1911 until the end of World War I.
In the election for Bosnian legislature in 1910, HNZ won 12 out of 16 Catholic seats, while HKU won the other four. Safvet-beg Bašagić of HNZ was also a president of the Bosnian council in 1910.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
HSP BiH was founded in 1991 as branch of the Croatian Party of Rights. One of the most notable early members of the party was Blaž Kraljević, a general of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and founder of the Croatian Defence Forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina. His unit made significant efforts in defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The party's activities during the Bosnian War (1992–95) was marked by efforts to keep unity and friendship of Croats and Bosniaks, its resistance against the partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina between Republic of Croatia and FR Yugoslavia and devotion to unification of Bosnian Croats and the Bosniak state. The Party's earlier political orientation was more nationalist and radical. After the Croatian Democratic Union eliminated Kraljević and had a political monopoly over Herzeg-Bosnia, HSP BiH was dissolved. However, the party's activity was once again established in 1996.
In 2004, HSP BiH changed its name to "Croatian Party of Rights of Bosnia and Herzegovina Đapić - dr. Jurišić", but in 2010, the party took its earlier name.
In February 2010 it was announced that presidents of three parties, Zvonko Jurišić of HSP BiH, Milenko Brkić of Croatian People's Union (HNZ) and Petar Milić of Croatian Union of Herzeg-Bosnia (HZHB), had signed a treaty for unification of those three parties in one party under the name "Croatian Party of Rights of Bosnia and Herzegovina" in Mostar.
Election history
Legislative
The following is a summary of the party's results in legislative elections for the House of Representatives of Bosnia-Herzegovina. The "Total votes" and "Percentage" columns include sums of votes won by pre-election coalitions HSP had been part of and the "Total seats" column includes sums of seats won by HSP in election constituencies plus representatives of ethnic minorities affiliated with HSP.
Presidential
The following is a list of presidential candidates who ran as HSP members.
October 2006 – Zvonko Jurišić (HSP BiH) (finished fifth with 6,9% of Croat votes)
October 2010 – Martin Raguž (Croatian Coalition) (finished third with 10,8% of Croat votes)
References
Croat political parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Neo-fascist parties
Anti-Serbian sentiment
Far-right politics in Europe
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91861
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richland%20County%2C%20South%20Carolina
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Richland County, South Carolina
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Richland County is located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2010 census, the population was 384,504, making it the second-most populous county in South Carolina, behind only Greenville County. The 2019 estimated population was 415,759. The county seat and largest city is Columbia, the state capital. The county was founded in 1785. Richland County is part of the Columbia, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 2010, the center of population of South Carolina was located in Richland County, in the city of Columbia.
History
Richland County was probably named for its "rich land." The county was formed in 1785 as part of the large Camden District. A small part of Richland County was later ceded to adjacent Kershaw County in 1791. The county seat and largest city is Columbia, which is also the state capital. In 1786 the state legislature decided to move the capital from Charleston to a more central location. A site was chosen in Richland County, which is in the geographic center of the state, and a new town was laid out. Richland County's boundaries were formally incorporated on December 18, 1799. Cotton from the surrounding plantations was shipped through Columbia and later manufactured into textiles there. General William T. Sherman captured Columbia during the Civil War and his troops burned the town and parts of the county on February 17, 1865. The U. S. Army returned on friendlier terms in 1917, when Fort Jackson was established, which is now the largest and most active Initial Entry Training Center in the U.S. Army. The South Carolina State House is located in downtown Columbia.
Communities
Unincorporated communities and neighborhoods
Boyden Arbor
Cedar Creek
Eau Claire
Fairwold Acres
Hilton
Horrell Hill
Killian
Kingville
Leesburg
Lykes
Mountain Brook
Pontiac
Riverside
Spring Hill
State Park
Wateree
Windsor Estates
Regions
Dutch Fork
Fort Jackson
Intown/downtown
Lower Richland
Northeast Richland
Upper Richland
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (1.9%) is water. Richland County is situated in the center of South Carolina.
Rivers and lakes
Broad River
Congaree River
Lake Murray
Little River
Saluda River
Wateree River
Adjacent counties
Kershaw County - northeast
Fairfield County - north
Sumter County - east
Lexington County - west
Calhoun County - south
Newberry County - northwest
National protected area
Congaree National Park
Fort Jackson
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 416,147 people, 153,484 households, and 90,802 families residing in the county.
2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 384,504 people, 145,194 households, and 89,357 families residing in the county. The population density was . There were 161,725 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 45.3% white, 48.9% black or African American, 2.2% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 1.9% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 4.8% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 9.6% were German, 8.6% were English, 7.6% were Irish, and 7.1% were American.
Of the 145,194 households, 32.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.6% were married couples living together, 17.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 38.5% were non-families, and 30.2% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.05. The median age was 32.6 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $47,922 and the median income for a family was $61,622. Males had a median income of $42,453 versus $34,012 for females. The per capita income for the county was $25,805. About 10.0% of families and 14.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.6% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Richland County is governed by a County Council, who hold concurrent four-year terms. Richland County is governed under the Council-Administrator form of government, which is very similar to the Council-Manager form of government. The major difference between the Council Manager and Council Administrator forms of government is the title of the chief executive, being Manager in one and Administrator in the other.
The South Carolina Department of Corrections, headquartered in Columbia and in Richland County, operates several correctional facilities in Columbia and in Richland County. They include the Broad River Correctional Institution, the Goodman Correctional Institution, the Camille Griffin Graham Correctional Institution, the Stevenson Correctional Institution, and the Campbell Pre-Release Center. Graham houses the state's female death row. The State of South Carolina execution chamber is located at Broad River. From 1990 to 1997 Broad River housed the state's male death row.
In March 2008, the Richland County Sheriff's Department acquired an armored personnel carrier equipped with a .50 caliber machine gun. Reason magazine criticized the acquisition as "overkill".
Politics
Richland County was one of the first areas of South Carolina to break away from a Solid South voting pattern. From 1948 to 1988, it only supported the official Democratic candidate for president once, in 1976. It voted for splinter Dixiecrat Strom Thurmond in 1948, and for unpledged electors in 1956.
Since 1992, Richland County has been one of the stronger Democratic bastions in South Carolina, following the trend of most urban counties across the country.
Transportation
Bus system
Public transportation in Richland County is provided by the COMET, or officially the Central Midlands Regional Transit Authority (CMRTA). The bus system is the main public transit system for the greater Columbia area. In Richland County, the bus system runs in the areas of Columbia, Forest Acres, Fort Jackson, Irmo, St. Andrews, Northeast Richland, Lower Richland, and Eastover. Additionally, COMET offers Dial-a-ride transit (DART), which provides personalized service passengers with disabilities.
Railway
Columbia has one Amtrak station (CLB) that serves over 30,000 passengers per year on the Silver Star rail line. Additionally, Richland County has an operating facility for CSX Transportation, a company that transports over one million carloads of freight on South Carolina's rail network.
Airports
The Jim Hamilton–L.B. Owens Airport operates over 56,000 aircraft annually but is a smaller airport used mostly for small and private planes. The main airport for the region is the Columbia Metropolitan Airport, which is located in neighboring Lexington County. In 2018, the Columbia Metro Airport served 1,197,603 passengers with 12,324 flights.
Interstates
I-26 Interstate 26 travels from northwest to southeast and connects the Columbia area to the other two major population centers of South Carolina: the Greenville-Spartanburg area in the northwestern part of the state and North Charleston – Charleston area in the southeastern part of the state.
I-20 Interstate 20 travels from west to east and connects Columbia to Atlanta and Augusta in the west and Florence in the east. It serves the nearby towns and suburbs of Pelion, Lexington, West Columbia, Sandhill, Pontiac, and Elgin. Interstate 20 is also used by travelers heading to Myrtle Beach, although the interstate's eastern terminus is in Florence.
I-77 Interstate 77 begins in Lexington county and ends in Cleveland, Ohio and is frequently used by travelers on the east coast heading to or from Florida.
I-126 Interstate 126 branches off from I-26 and leads into downtown Columbia and provides access to Riverbanks Zoo.
Top employers
Attractions
Congaree National Park
Lake Murray
Riverbanks Zoo
South Carolina State Fair
Sesquicentennial State Park
South Carolina State Museum
Martin Luther King Park
Richland Library
In popular culture
Richland County was one of several counties across the country used as a filming location for the A&E reality documentary series Live PD, which worked in collaboration with the Richland County Sheriff's Department. The show first premiered in 2016 and aired for four years until its cancellation in 2020.
See also
Birch County, South Carolina, a proposed county that would include existing portions of Richland County
National Register of Historic Places listings in Richland County, South Carolina
Notes
References
External links
Official website
1785 establishments in South Carolina
Columbia metropolitan area (South Carolina)
Populated places established in 1785
Majority-minority counties in South Carolina
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15861001
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montebourg
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Montebourg
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Montebourg () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
Geography
Montebourg is located southeast of Cherbourg.
Heraldry
International relations
Montebourg is twinned with:
Walheim,*, Germany (1960)
Sturminster Newton, Dorset, England
Saint Saviour, Guernsey
Main sights
Église Saint-Jacques de Montebourg
Abbaye de Montebourg (List of Benedictine monasteries in France)
Statue de Jeanne d'Arc de Montebourg
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche
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50609644
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques%20Francois%20%28footballer%29
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Jacques Francois (footballer)
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Jacques Francois (born 11 December 1992) is a Haitian footballer who plays for Atlantic City FC in the National Premier Soccer League.
Career
Francois began his college soccer career at Louisburg College in 2012, but left after one year. Francois returned to college soccer at UNC Greensboro in 2014, where he tallied 11 goals in 39 appearances with the Spartans.
While at college, Francois appeared for Premier Development League side Orlando City U-23 in 2015.
Francois signed with United Soccer League side San Antonio FC on 29 March 2016.
In 2017, Francois trialled with the Tampa Bay Rowdies, competing with the team in the 2017 Florida Cup.
References
External links
1992 births
Living people
Haitian footballers
UNC Greensboro Spartans men's soccer players
North Carolina Fusion U23 players
Orlando City U-23 players
San Antonio FC players
Association football midfielders
Soccer players from St. Petersburg, Florida
USL League Two players
USL Championship players
Louisburg Hurricanes men's soccer players
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20121528
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybulice%20Ma%C5%82e
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Cybulice Małe
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Cybulice Małe is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czosnów, within Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately west of Czosnów, south-west of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki, and north-west of Warsaw.
References
Villages in Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki County
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12922354
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tillandsia%20umbellata
|
Tillandsia umbellata
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Tillandsia umbellata is a species of plant in the family Bromeliaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
References
umbellata
Endemic flora of Ecuador
Endangered plants
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
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33633748
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford%20%28toy%20company%29
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Oxford (toy company)
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Oxford Co., Ltd. () is a South Korean toy company, based in Busan, that makes interlocking brick toys.
History
The company was first founded in 1961 as Dongjin Ind. Corp.
In 1971, toy sales company Daegoo Lucky toy corp was established.
In 1972, toy sales company Busan Lucky toy corp was established.
In 1984, toy manufacturer PAPA toy Ind. Corp. was established.
In 1992, PAPA was renamed to Oxford co., ltd.
Toy blocks
The company's small sized blocks are compatible with Lego brand bricks, and the company makes blocks in larger sizes for younger children. Oxford has licenses to make themed sets from Disney, Hello Kitty, Robocar Poli and Pororo. Oxford manufactures Kre-O bricks on behalf of Hasbro.
Clones
Oxford sets are commonly copied by Chinese toy companies Sluban and Woma, sometimes with slight changes.
Themes
Small blocks
The company produces small block sets in several themes including:
Military
Transport
Town
Fire
Police
Spy
Three Kingdoms historical sets
Gwanggaeto the Great historical sets
References
Toy companies of South Korea
Construction toys
Manufacturing companies based in Busan
Manufacturing companies established in 1961
South Korean brands
Toy companies established in 1961
South Korean companies established in 1961
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34703516
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967%20Louisiana%20Tech%20Bulldogs%20football%20team
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1967 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team
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The 1967 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Louisiana Polytechnic Institute (now known as Louisiana Tech University) as a member of the Gulf States Conference during the 1967 NCAA College Division football season. In their first year under head coach Maxie Lambright, the team compiled a 3–7 record.
Schedule
References
Louisiana Tech
Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football seasons
Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football
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26086146
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy%20of%20Moldova%2C%20Bucharest
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Embassy of Moldova, Bucharest
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The Embassy of Moldova in Bucharest is the diplomatic mission of Moldova to Romania. The embassy provides consular services to Moldova citizens residing or travelling in Romania, Serbia and Montenegro.
Overview
On June 21, 2010, Mihai Ghimpu signed a decree appointing Iurie Reniţă the new ambassador of Moldova in Romania.
See also
Moldovan–Romanian relations
List of diplomatic missions of Moldova
Moldovan Consulate General, Iași
Gallery
References
External links
Embassy of Moldova in Bucharest
Bucharest
Moldova
Moldova–Romania relations
1992 establishments in Romania
1992 in Romania
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27018370
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiawambogo
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Kiawambogo
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Kiawambogo is a settlement in Kenya's Central Province.
References
Populated places in Central Province (Kenya)
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26681268
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannis%20de%20Rijke
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Johannis de Rijke
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Johannis de Rijke (December 5, 1842 – January 20, 1913) was a Dutch civil engineer and a foreign advisor to the Japanese government in Meiji period Japan.
Early life
De Rijke was born in Colijnsplaat on the island Noord-Beveland. He was the third of seven children born to farmer and part-time dike worker Pieter de Rijke and his wife, Anna Catharina Liefbroer. He obtained a position with the Dutch Ministry of the Interior as an apprentice to Jacobus Lebret, under whom he studied mathematics, earthwork construction, and hydraulic engineering practices.
Career
In 1865, De Rijke worked for Cornelis Johannes van Doorn building the Oranje lock which closed off the IJ from the Zuiderzee at Schellingwoude near Amsterdam. De Rijke was the chief construction foreman. When Van Doorn was invited to travel to Japan in 1872, he encouraged De Rijke to join him in re-designing the port of Osaka.
Japan
In September 1873, De Rijke arrived in Japan together with Van Doorn and George Arnold Escher. During the next thirty years, these three civil engineers developed a range of flood control and water management projects. He improved the ports of Tokyo, Yokohama, Nagasaki, Ujina (Hiroshima), Hakata (Fukuoka), Mikuni (Sakai) and Niigata. His breakwater at the port of Yokkaichi is recognized by the Japanese government as an Important Cultural Property.
De Rijke also developed plans to improve riparian zones of several Japanese rivers. Notably, his groundwork and planning caused separation of the Kiso River, Nagara River and Ibi River near Nagoya, also known as the . Importantly, De Rijke was responsible for the construction of a tunnel channel from Lake Biwa to Kyoto.
He is also credited with building the Tokyo Kanda River sewer network.
After 1891, De Rijke was appointed an Imperial officer of the Meiji Home Ministry, where he rose to the position of Vice Minister in this Japanese government bureaucracy. He later served as an instructor in the Imperial College of Engineering.
China
In 1876, De Rijke traveled to Shanghai to help develop plans to improve the navigability of Huangpu river, a tributary of Yangtze River, which is important to Shanghai's international trade.
In 1897, he returned to Shanghai for a second report of Huangpu river.
In 1901, he returned to China to participate in the Yellow River flood control project.
In June 1906, he was officially appointed as the first chief engineer of the Whangpoo Conservancy Board. Before his return to the Netherlands in 1909, he carried out a number of riverway projects on Huangpu river, including the Wusong Jetty (built by the Huangpu's mouth) and the Gaoqiao new channel. His work successfully eliminated most of the shoals and achieved the preliminary goal of Huangpu channel improvement: the lowest water depth at Huangpu's mouth has been deepened from 15 ft to 21 ft, and in the Gaoqiao new channel from 2–3 ft to 19 ft.
Later life
De Rijke was awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasures, 2nd class, and returned to the Netherlands in 1903. In the Netherlands he was appointed Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau and on January 13, 1911 to Knight in the Order of the Dutch Lion. In Belgium, he was knighted in the Order of Leopold
He died at the age of 70 in Amsterdam. He is buried in the Zorgvlied cemetery in Amsterdam.
Honors
Order of the Sacred Treasures, 1889 (4th class); 1892 (3rd class); 1903 (2nd class)
Order of Orange-Nassau, 1911.
Order of the Dutch Lion, 1913.
Order of Leopold (Belgium).
See also
Oyatoi gaikokujin
Notes
References
Kamibayashi, Yoshiyuki. "Two Dutch Engineers and Improvements of Public Works in Japan," Proceedings of the Third International Congress on Construction History, Cottbus, May 2009
Karan, Pradyumna Prasad. (2005). Japan in the 21st century: Environment, Economy, and Society. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. ; ; OCLC 254187082
Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ; OCLC 48943301
1842 births
1913 deaths
Dutch civil engineers
Dutch expatriates in Japan
Foreign advisors to the government in Meiji-period Japan
People from Noord-Beveland
Knights of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
Officers of the Order of Orange-Nassau
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