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49345368
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikey%20Likes%20It%20Ice%20Cream
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Mikey Likes It Ice Cream
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Mikey Likes It Ice Cream is an ice cream store in New York City.
Michael Cole opened his ice cream shop after coming out of prison for marijuana possession. When his aunt passed away, he was inspired to start an ice cream shop, Mikey said that "She would always tell me that whatever you do, make sure you put love into it". After receiving a business degree, he was trained by the owner of Chinatown Ice Cream Factory. The flavors he makes are hip-hop accented artisanal ice creams. Jay Z stocks the flavor "D’Usse de Leche" at his sports bar, the 40/40 club. In October 2021, Mikey partnered up with Microsoft to make a flavor named "Bloomberry" based on the default "Bloom" wallpaper to promote Windows 11. The ice cream is blueberry with blueberry pie filling, pound cake & candy chocolate pieces.
References
External links
Restaurants in Manhattan
Ice cream parlors
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63275327
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudeh%20Military%20Network
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Tudeh Military Network
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The Officers' Organization () or the Military Organization () of the Tudeh Party, also known as Tudeh Military Network, was an intelligence gathering network that infiltrated the Iranian Armed Forces using clandestine cell system method.
Bibliography
References
External links
1944 establishments in Iran
Spy rings
Rebel groups in Iran
Cold War history of Iran
Affiliated organizations of the Tudeh Party of Iran
Soviet spies
Iran–Soviet Union relations
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15736728
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourrouillan
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Bourrouillan
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Bourrouillan (; ) is a commune in the Gers department in southwestern France.
Geography
Population
See also
Communes of the Gers department
References
Communes of Gers
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19307
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications%20in%20Mozambique
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Telecommunications in Mozambique
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Telecommunications in Mozambique include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet.
Radio and television
Radio stations:
state-run radio provides nearly 100% territorial coverage and broadcasts in multiple languages; a number of privately owned and community-operated stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007);
AM 13, FM 17, shortwave 11 (2001).
Radios: 730,000 (1997).
Television stations: 1 state-run TV station supplemented by private TV station; Portuguese state TV's African service, RTP Africa, and Brazilian-owned TV Miramar are available (2007).
Televisions: 90,000 (1997).
Telephones
Main lines:
88,100 lines in use, 148th in the world (2012);
78,300 lines in use (2008).
Mobile cellular:
8.1 million lines (2012);
4.4 million lines (2008).
Telephone system:
General assessment: a fair telecommunications system that is with a heavy state presence, lack of competition, and high operating costs and charges (2011);
Domestic: stagnation in the fixed-line network contrasts with rapid growth in the mobile-cellular network; mobile-cellular coverage now includes all the main cities and key roads, including those from Maputo to the South African and Swaziland borders, the national highway through Gaza and Inhambane provinces, the Beira corridor, and from Nampula to Nacala; extremely low fixed-line teledensity; despite significant growth in mobile-cellular services, teledensity remains low at about 35 per 100 persons (2011);
International: calling code +258; landing point for the EASSy and SEACOM fiber-optic submarine cable systems; Satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean) (2011).
Internet
Top-level domain: .mz
Internet exchange: Mozambique Internet Exchange (Moz-Ix).
Internet users:
1.1 million users, 114th in the world; 4.8% of the population, 188th in the world (2012).
613,600, 113th in the world (2009).
Fixed broadband: 19,753 subscriptions, 129th in the world; 0.1% of the population, 168th in the world (2012).
Wireless broadband: 431,988 subscriptions, 94th in the world; 1.8% of the population, 127th in the world (2012).
Internet hosts:
89,737 hosts, 82nd in the world (2012);
21,172 (2010).
IPv4: 343,296 addresses allocated, less than 0.05% of the world total, 14.6 addresses per 1000 people (2012).
Mozambique has a comparatively low Internet penetration rate with only 4.8% of the population having access to the Internet compared to 16% for Africa as a whole.
Telecommunication de Mozambique (TDM), Mozambique's national fixed-line operator, offers ADSL Internet access for home and business customers. In early 2014 packages ranged from 512 kbit/s with a 6 GByte cap for MTN750 (~US$21) to 4 Mbit/s with a 43 GByte cap for MTN4300 (~US$118).
The three mobile operators, Movitel, mCel and Vodacom, also offer 3G Internet access.
Mozambique was the first African country to offer broadband wireless services using WiMax.
With the introduction of the SEACOM submarine cable in July 2009 and the EASSY submarine cable in July 2010, Mozambique now has access to less expensive international connectivity and is no longer reliant on VSAT or neighbor South Africa for Internet transit services.
Internet censorship and surveillance
There are no government restrictions on access to the Internet, however, opposition party members report government intelligence agents monitor e-mail.
The constitution and law provide for freedom of speech and the press, and the government generally respects these rights in practice. Individuals can generally criticize the government publicly or privately without reprisal. Some individuals express a fear that the government monitors their private telephone and e-mail communications. Many journalists practice self-censorship.
See also
Telephone numbers in Mozambique
Televisão de Moçambique, the government owned national public broadcaster of Mozambique.
References
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1386760
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripheus
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Ripheus
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Ripheus (also Rhipeus, Rifeo and Rupheo) was a Trojan hero and the name of a figure from the Aeneid of Virgil. A comrade of Aeneas, he was a Trojan who was killed defending his city against the Greeks. "Ripheus also fell," Virgil writes, "uniquely the most just of all the Trojans, the most faithful preserver of equity; but the gods decided otherwise" (Virgil, Aeneid II, 426–8). Ripheus's righteousness was not rewarded by the gods.
Ripheus in later works
Dante
In his Divine Comedy, Dante placed Ripheus in Heaven, in the sixth sphere of Jupiter, the realm of those who personified justice.
Here, he provides an interesting foil to Virgil himself—whom Dante places in the first circle of Hell, with the pagans and the unbaptized—even though Virgil is a major character in the Commedia and for much of it remains Dante's guide through Hell and Purgatory. Although Ripheus would historically have been a pagan, in Dante's work he is portrayed as having been given a vision of Jesus over a thousand years before Christ's first coming, and was thus converted to Christianity in the midst of the Trojan War.
Boccaccio
In Boccaccio's Il Filostrato (1333–1339), Ripheus is named as one of the Trojans taken prisoner by the Greeks.
Chaucer
Il Filostrato served as the basis for Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde. In it, Ripheo is mentioned as being unable to prevent Antenor from being taken prisoner. As Rupheo, he appears once, in final rhyming position.
João de Barros
João de Barros, who later became one of the main Portuguese historians of the 16th century, while still a young man of the court of King Manuel, wrote a chivalry romanche called A Chronica do Emperador Clarimundo (The Chronicle of Emperor Clarimundo), in which it is reported that Tróia, Portugal was founded by a Trojan called Ripheus (in 16th-century Portuguese Riphane), who escaped the destruction of his city with the group of Aeneas, from which it split, and moved across the Mediterranean and into the Atlantic until reaching the Setúbal Peninsula. There, Ripheus/Riphane's group engaged in a war with a party of Greeks led by Ulysses that established itself in what now is Lisbon, on the opposite side of the Tagus river. This 'transplanted' Greek-Trojan war continued for some generations after the death of this Ripheus. It is unclear if this Ripheus/Riphane is the same as the one of Virgil, and the authors previously referred to, or just a similarly named Trojan countryman of the most famous Ripheus (the fact that de Barros makes no clear references to the known deeds of the Trojan war past of Ripheus in his book and that in the original myth Ripheus fell in the Greek conquest of the town seems to go against it, but possibly de Barros is basing himself in the Boccaccio tradition of Ripheus having been taken as prisoner by the Greeks having possibly escaped subsequently, and the fact that de Barros refers to Riphane as being morally impressive seem to make an identification of Riphane and Ripheus possible. It could be also debated that post-classical versions of myths making characters dead in the Trojan War survive after it is not unusual, being also told about Hector's son Astyanax to make him survive to found the ancient Gauls and Franks).
Namesake
Jovian asteroid 188847 Rhipeus, discovered at the Calvin–Rehoboth Observatory in 2006, was named after the Trojan warrior. The official was published by the Minor Planet Center on 19 August 2008 ().
References
External links
Dante Index
Chaucer Name Dictionary
Roman mythology
Trojans
Characters in the Aeneid
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44115305
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Black%20Robe%20%28TV%20series%29
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The Black Robe (TV series)
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The Black Robe, aka Police Night Court: The Black Robe is a 30-minute American docu-drama anthology court show based on actual police night court cases. Forty-plus episodes aired on the National Broadcasting Company from May 18, 1949 until March 30, 1950. It was produced by Warren Wade and directed by Herbert Bayard Swope, Jr. Its creator and writer was Phillips H. Lord.
Frankie Thomas, Sr. portrayed the judge, and John Green was the court clerk.
A review in the trade publication Billboard praised the assortment of non-actor characters but commented that "the program goes overboard" in its efforts to achieve realistic images and dialog. The reviewer also found that the episode presented too many cases, which limited their development and resulted in a bare-bones presentation of each case.
References
External links
Police Night Court: The Black Robe at CVTA
1940s American anthology television series
1950s American anthology television series
1949 American television series debuts
1950 American television series endings
Black-and-white American television shows
NBC original programming
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42927960
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichrous%20pilipennis
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Trichrous pilipennis
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Trichrous pilipennis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Chevrolat in 1862.
References
Heteropsini
Beetles described in 1862
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33540540
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharga%20Nature%20Reserve
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Sharga Nature Reserve
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Sharga Nature Reserve () is a reserve in the western part of Mongolia. It comprises 2.860 km2 and is located in Govi-Altai Province in the area of the Sharga sum. The reserve has been created in 1993 together with Mankhan Nature Reserve to protect the endangered Mongolian saiga.
References
Mallon, D.P. and Kingswood, S.C. (compilers). (2001). Antelopes. Part 4: North Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Global Survey and Regional Action Plans. SSC Antelope Specialist Group. IUCN, GLand, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
Nature reserves in Mongolia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesos%20Buttress
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Odesos Buttress
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Odesos Buttress (, ‘Rid Odesos’ \'rid o-'de-sos\) is the ice-covered buttress descending from elevation 1800 to 1000 m in the southwest foothills of Detroit Plateau on Nordenskjöld Coast in Graham Land. It is situated between south-southwest-flowing tributaries to Drygalski Glacier, and has precipitous, partly ice-free west and southeast slopes. The feature is named after the ancient town of Odesos in Northeastern Bulgaria.
Location
Odesos Buttress is located at , which is 4 km northwest of Konstantin Buttress, 4 km east-northeast of Molerov Spur, and 4.15 km south of The Catwalk. British mapping in 1978.
Maps
British Antarctic Territory. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Series, Sheet W 64 60. Directorate of Overseas Surveys, Tolworth, UK, 1978.
Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
Notes
References
Odesos Buttress. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer.
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Odesos Buttress. Copernix satellite image
Mountains of Graham Land
Nordenskjöld Coast
Bulgaria and the Antarctic
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18657867
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern%20%28disambiguation%29
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Bern (disambiguation)
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Bern (or Berne) is the capital of Switzerland.
Bern or Berne may also refer to:
Places
Germany
Berne, Germany, a town in Lower Saxony
Berne, Hamburg, former village which became a quarter of Hamburg
Italy
Verona, Italy, a city called Bern in Middle High German
Netherlands
Bern (Netherlands), a hamlet in Gelderland
Switzerland
Canton of Bern, of which Bern is the capital
Bern (district), the city's administrative district in the Canton of Bern
United States
Bern, Idaho
Berne, Indiana
Berne, Iowa
Bern, Kansas
Berne, Michigan
Berne, Minnesota
Berne, New York
Berne, Pennsylvania
Bern Township, Pennsylvania
Berne Township, Fairfield County, Ohio
Bern, Wisconsin
People
Bern, a nickname or short form for the given names Bernard, Bernadette, and Bernadine
Zvi Bern (born 1960), American theoretical physicist
Dietrich von Bern (454–526), the German name of Theodoric the Great), king of the Ostrogoths
Eric Berne (1910–1970), Canadian psychiatrist
Josef Berne (1904–1964), Russian-born American writer, film director and producer
Suzanne Berne (born 1961), American novelist
Tim Berne (born 1954), American jazz saxophonist and composer
Other uses
Bern Convention (or Berne Convention), shorthand for the Berne Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, also known as the Bern Convention (or Berne Convention), a binding international legal instrument in the field of Nature Conservation
Berne Convention, shorthand for the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, an international agreement governing copyright
See also
Berne (disambiguation)
Bernie (disambiguation)
Bernie (given name)
Berny (disambiguation)
Burn (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Lassiter
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William Lassiter
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William Lassiter (September 29, 1867- March 29, 1959) was a career in the United States Army. He was a veteran of the Spanish–American War, Occupation of Veracruz, World War I, and Occupation of the Rhineland and attained the rank of major general.
A native of Petersburg, Virginia, Lassiter graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1889 and began a career in the Army's Field Artillery Branch. His initial assignments included coastal forts in New York and California. During the Spanish–American War, he served in Cuba and took part in the Siege of Santiago, for which he was awarded the Silver Star. He subsequently served on the West Point faculty and carried out several years of temporary duty with the Inspector General, including postings to Cuba and the Philippines.
During World War I, Lassiter was promoted to brigadier general and major general, and served in several command assignments. In the war's final days he was assigned to lead the 32nd Division, which he continued to least during the post-war Occupation of the Rhineland. For his wartime service, Lassiter received the Army Distinguished Service Medal and several foreign decorations. After the war, Lassiter received several high profile command and staff assignments, including commander of the Panama Canal Division and Panama Canal Department, the Philippine Department and the Hawaiian Department.
Lassiter retired in 1931 as a major general and became a resident of Santa Barbara, California. He died in Santa Barbara on March 29, 1959 and was buried at Santa Barbara Cemetery.
Early life
William Lassiter was born in Petersburg, Virginia on September 29, 1867, a son of Dr. Daniel W. Lassiter and Anna Rives (Heath) Lassiter. His siblings included Francis Rives Lassiter, who represented Virginia in the United States House of Representatives. Lassiter attended McCabe's University School in Petersburg in preparation for attendance at the United States Military Academy at West Point. He began studies at West Point in 1885 and graduated in 1889 ranked 23rd in his class of 49. Among his fellow graduates included several men who would become general officers, such as Charles Dudley Rhodes, Clement Flagler, Eben Eveleth Winslow, Frank Daniel Webster, Walter Augustus Bethel, Winthrop S. Wood, Chester Harding, William L. Kenly, Joseph D. Leitch, Edward McGlachlin Jr., George LeRoy Irwin, William Wright Harts, William G. Haan, Charles Crawford and William S. Graves. Charles Young was another distinguished graduate, becoming the first African American to attain the rank of colonel.
Start of career
Lassiter was appointed a second lieutenant in the 4th Artillery and assigned to Jackson Barracks, Louisiana In February 1890 he was transferred to the 5th Artillery, and in March he was assigned to duty at Fort Schuyler, New York. In May 1890 he was reassigned to Fort Mason, California. In January 1891 he was transferred to the 1st Artillery, and in February he began duty at Fort Slocum, New York.
In September 1892, Lassiter was ordered to the Artillery School at Fort Monroe, Virginia as a student in the Artillery Officers Course. He graduated in September 1894 and returned to duty at Fort Slocum, where he remained until October 1895. In October 1895 he was transferred to Artillery duty at Fort Hamilton, New York, and in October 1896 he was assigned to Fort Sam Houston, Texas. In August 1897, Lassiter received promotion to first lieutenant.
Spanish–American War
In March 1898, Lassiter's regiment moved to Galveston, Texas in preparation for overseas service during the Spanish–American War. In April, the 1st Artillery moved to Tampa, Florida, with Lassiter assigned to the regiment's Light Battery K. The 1st Artillery served with the Fifth Army Corps in Cuba, and Lassiter took part in combat during the Siege of Santiago. He received the Citation Star for heroism at Santiago. When the Army replaced this award with the Silver Star in 1918, Lassiter's citation was converted to the new medal.
Continued career
After his service in Cuba, Lassiter was assigned to West Point as an assistant instructor of tactics, where he served from August 1898 to July 1901. He was promoted to captain in February 1901. Lassiter commanded the 7th Field Artillery Battery at Fort Riley, Kansas until December 1903. From 1904 to 1908, Lassiter was assigned as a member and of the Army board that developed and implemented an update to the Field Artillery Drill Regulations, and also served as the board's recorder. He also served as a member of the board that tested cannons and ammunition and made procurement and fielding recommendations. Lassiter was promoted to major in February 1908 and assigned to the 3rd Field Artillery.
Following his promotion to major, Lassiter was assigned to temporary duty in the Inspector General's office. He was inspector general of the Army of Cuban Pacification from August 1908 to April 1909. From April to August 1909 he was ordered to conduct special inspections of all Field Artillery regiments. Lassiter served in the Philippines until October 1910, and carried out duties as inspector general of Field Artillery, inspector general of the Department of the Visayas, and assistant to the inspector general of the Philippine Department.
Upon returning to the United States in early 1911, Lassiter was ordered to temporary duty as inspector general of the experimental Maneuver Division which conducted exercises and maneuvers at Fort Sam Houston. He then performed temporary duty at the Office of the Inspector General in Washington, D.C. and member of the staff at the War Department. In October 1911, Lassiter was assigned as a member of the U.S. Military Mission which was invited to observe army education and training in Germany, France, and England. He remained with the mission until March 1913. On March 16, Lassiter received promotion to lieutenant colonel.
Lassiter served with the 4th Field Artillery in Texas City, Texas from March 1913 to April 1914. He participated with his regiment in the 1914 Occupation of Veracruz, Mexico, which resulted from tensions between the United States and Mexico during the Mexican Revolution. He was assigned to the 2nd Field Artillery in November 1914, and served at Fort Stotsenburg, Philippines until September 1916. In July 1916, Lassiter was promoted to colonel.
World War I
From November 1916 to August 1917, Lassiter was the U.S. military attaché in London. In August 1917 he received temporary promotion to brigadier general. As the United States prepared to enter World War I, Lassiter was assigned to command Base Section Number 3 and all American troops in England, and he served until being reassigned in October.
Lassiter assumed command of the 51st Field Artillery Brigade in October 1917, and he led his unit during training in England and France, followed by combat in France. His brigade served as part of the 26th Division under first the French 11th Army Corps in Chemin des Dames and later the French 32nd Army Corps in the Toul Sector.
As the American Expeditionary Forces continued to arrive in France during 1918, Lassiter was reassigned as chief of artillery for I Corps, and simultaneously oversaw the final organization and training of the 66th Field Artillery Brigade prior to its entry into combat. He then served with I Corps during offensive operations in the Toul area and the Battle of Château-Thierry, and took part in the summer 1918 Second Battle of the Marne. In August 1918, Lassiter was assigned as chief of artillery for IV Corps, where he took part in the Battle of Saint-Mihiel. He was promoted to temporary major general in August 1918.
In October 1918, Lassiter was assigned as chief of artillery for Second Army, and he served during fighting in the Toul area until the Armistice that ended the war. In November 1918, Lassiter took command of the 32nd Division, which he led during the post-war Occupation of the Rhineland.
For his wartime service, Lassiter received the Army Distinguished Service Medal. France awarded him the Croix de Guerre with two Palms and the Legion of Honor (Commander). In addition, England awarded him the Order of St Michael and St George (Knight Commander).
Post-war
While serving in Germany, Lassiter was assigned as chief of artillery for Third Army and served on a board which reviewed Army activities during the war to compile lessons learned and recommendations to improve future equipping and training. In the summer of 1919, he accompanied General John J. Pershing during victory parades in Paris and London. He returned to his permanent rank of colonel after returning to the United States in August 1919.
Lassiter served on the War Department staff until September 1920. In August 1920, he received promotion to brigadier general. From September 1920 to September 1921, he was the commander of the Fort Knox, Kentucky military post. From September 1921 to October 1923, Lassiter was the Army's assistant chief of staff for operations and training (G‑3). He was promoted to major general in December 1922.
From October 1923 to September 1924, Lassiter was assigned as commander of the Panama Canal Division. He then assumed command of the Panama Canal Department, which he led until January 13, 1926. From January to June 1926, Lassiter was president of the Tacna-Arica Arbitration Plebiscite Commission, succeeding Pershing in an international effort to mediate a longstanding territorial dispute between Chile and Peru.
Lassiter resumed command of the Panama Canal Department in June 1926, and remained until October 1926. He then performed temporary duty at the U.S. State Department in Washington, D.C., where he completed the activities of the plebiscite commission and submitted its final report. From March 1927 to March 1928, Lassiter commanded the Sixth Corps Area in Chicago. From April to October 1928 he commanded the Philippine Department. From December 1928 to July 1930 Lassiter commanded the Eighth Corps Area in San Antonio. He commanded the Hawaiian Department from October 1930 to September 1931.
Retirement and death
Lassiter reached the mandatory retirement age of 64 in September 1931 and retired as a major general on September 30. On October 5, 1935, Lassiter and Jeannette Fallon Johnson (1884-1965) were married at a ceremony in London.
In retirement, Lassiter was a resident of Santa Barbara, California. He died in Santa Barbara on March 29, 1959. He was buried at Santa Barbara Cemetery.
References
External links
1867 births
1959 deaths
People from Petersburg, Virginia
People from Santa Barbara, California
United States Military Academy alumni
United States Army generals of World War I
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Recipients of the Silver Star
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)
Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur
Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Burials at Santa Barbara Cemetery
United States Army generals
United States Military Academy faculty
United States military attachés
Military personnel from Virginia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%20North%20Kivu%20Ebola
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2021 North Kivu Ebola
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On 7 February 2021, the Congolese health ministry announced that a new case of Ebola near Butembo, North Kivu had been detected the previous day. The case was a 42-year-old woman who had symptoms of Ebola in Biena on 1 February 2021. A few days after, she died in a hospital in Butembo. The WHO said that more than 70 people who had contact with the woman had been tracked.
On 3 May 2021, the 12th EVD outbreak was declared over, resulting in 12 cases and six deaths. Heightened surveillance will continue for 90 days after the declaration, in case of resurgence.
History
See also
Western African Ebola virus epidemic
Kivu Ebola epidemic
Post-Ebola virus syndrome
References
Further reading
Ebola outbreaks
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15271218
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt%20Sumner
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Walt Sumner
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Walter Herman Sumner (born February 2, 1947) is a former American football player who was selected by the Cleveland Browns in the seventh round of the 1969 NFL Draft. A 6'1", 188 lbs. safety from Florida State University, Sumner played in 6 NFL seasons from 1969 to 1974.
At Florida State, he was a two-sport star as an outfielder and defensive back. His 11 collegiate interceptions and two punt returns for touchdowns led to his induction into the FSU Hall of Fame in 1982.
References
External links
Pro Football Reference
1947 births
Living people
People from Ocilla, Georgia
American football safeties
Florida State Seminoles football players
Cleveland Browns players
Players of American football from Georgia (U.S. state)
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14672442
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/330mm/50%20Mod%C3%A8le%201931%20gun
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330mm/50 Modèle 1931 gun
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The 330mm/50 Modèle 1931 gun was a heavy naval gun of the French Navy.
The built-up gun was carried by the fast battleships, in quadruple turrets inspired by those intended for the . They had one of the longest ranges, while firing quite powerful projectiles: APC – and HE – . The range was over 40 km in both cases; the trajectory was flat. Dunkerques guns were affected by inaccuracy caused by their quadruple mounts (too close together), but could engage German battleships of the with enough power to pierce their armour: at 0 metres, the shell could pierce , at penetration capability was and at . Theoretically, it could pierce Scharnhorsts 320 mm belt at over 20 km. Given the flat trajectory, the deck perforation was less impressive, but still 105 mm at 23 km and 110 mm at 27.5 km. Therefore, the armour-piercing capability was very near that of the best battleship guns, at least at medium to short range. The armour-piercing capability of Scharnhorsts guns varied from 604 to 205 mm in the same range (0-27.5 km), so they were weaker weapons. However, Dunkerque had a weaker armour belt, so the deadly range of the German battleships was not inferior. The battleship had thicker armour (283 vs. 241 mm) and this reduced the useful range to only about 18 km. The deck perforation was always in favour of the 330 mm gun, the 280 mm gun being unable to pierce more than 76 mm at 27.5 km.
The 330 mm guns had many faults. They were complex and moved with a weak system for such turrets (roughly the weight of an Italian 381 mm triple turret). They had two 100 hp engines (but only one was typically used). Despite the great range, elevation was only 35° (therefore the gun had a very high muzzle velocity of 870 m/s). The guns were coupled in two twin arrangement, sleeved in pairs. The turrets were heavily protected, and internally had a 25–40 mm bulkhead to separate the two twin mounts. This was important at Mers-El-Kébir, where a 381 mm shell hit in one of her turrets: the projectile penetrated the roof and killed everyone in the semi-turret, but the other pair of guns continued to operate.
The later 380mm/45 Modèle 1935 gun essentially enlarged the design.
External links
PIECES LOURDES : 240 et plus
French 330 mm/50 (13") Model 1931
Naval guns of France
World War II naval weapons
330 mm artillery
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36347780
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip%20von%20Schantz
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Filip von Schantz
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John Filip von Schantz (17 January 1835 in Ulvila — 24 July 1865 in Helsinki), was a Finnish composer and musician. He left Helsinki in 1855 after being expelled from University of Helsinki, deciding to devote himself to music. The following year he began studies in violin and composition in Stockholm and continued them at Leipzig in Germany in 1857–1860.
In 1860 he was employed as conductor at the Swedish Theatre in Helsinki. When the Swedish Theatre burned down in 1863 he began performing at Berns Salonger in Stockholm, Sweden.
References
External links
Schantz, 4. John von Filip of Nordisk familjebok (Edition 2, 1916).
1835 births
1865 deaths
Finnish composers
Finnish male composers
Finnish conductors (music)
19th-century composers
19th-century male conductors (music)
19th-century conductors (music)
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61437357
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idudju-iker
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Idudju-iker
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Idudju-iker was an ancient Egyptian high official who lived around 2050 BC in the 11th Dynasty. His title foremost one of the chiefs of Lower Nubia demonstrates his important position in the administration of Lower Nubia.
Idudju-iker is only known from the fragments of a stela found reused in the Second Intermediate Period tomb of king Senebkay at Abydos. On the stela Idudju-iker bears the titles sole friend, count and hereditary prince (smr waty, haty-a, iry-pat) but is also called foremost one of the chiefs of Lower Nubia (HAt HqAw nw wAtwAt). The first three titles place him high in the social hierarchy, while the latter title is so far unique. He was evidently the highest official in charge of Lower Nubia. The stela contains an autobiography of Idudju-iker that is heavily destroyed. Lower Nubia and the land of the Medjay are mentioned and the text also refers to many rituals that Idudju-iker performed at Abydos.
On stylistic grounds, the stela can be dated under the 11th Dynasty king Intef II. From several texts it is known that the king conquered Abydos, an evident that had a high symbolic importance. Although the texts on the stela are much destroyed, Josef W. Wegner concludes that Nubian soldiers perhaps under Idudju-iker were part of the military forces that seized the city.
References
Officials of the Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt
History of Nubia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamizhaga%20Dravida%20Makkal%20Katchi
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Tamizhaga Dravida Makkal Katchi
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Tamizhaga Dravida Makkal Katchi (Tamil Dravidian People's Party), political party in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The party general secretary is A. Gandhian.
In the 2001 Tamil Nadu assembly elections TDMK supported the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK)-led National Democratic Alliance (India) (NDA).
Political parties in Tamil Nadu
Political parties with year of establishment missing
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caledonian%20Railway%20498%20Class
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Caledonian Railway 498 Class
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The Caledonian Railway 498 Class was a class of s built for dock shunting. They were designed by John F. McIntosh for the Caledonian Railway (CR) and introduced in 1911. Twenty-three were built. They passed to the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) in 1923 and to British Railways (BR) in 1948. Their numbers are shown in the table below.
The 498 Class was the prototype for the popular 3 1/2" gauge live steam locomotive design 'Rob Roy' by Martin Evans.
Numbering table
The engines were withdrawn between 1958 and 1962.
See also
Locomotives of the Caledonian Railway
Locomotives of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway
References
External links
Railuk database
498
0-6-0T locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1911
Shunting locomotives
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50767487
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiryukov%20Music%20College
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Kiryukov Music College
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Kiryukov Music College (, ) is a state government-financed institution of vocational education of Mordovia. The college was founded by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Mordovia and named after the Mordovian composer .
Kiryukov Music College is a legal entity. It has a corporate seal, a state seal of the Republic of Mordovia, a state seal of Russia and other requisites in accord with the Russian law.
Kiryukov Music College was founded on June 6, 1931.
Kiryukov Music College has a highly qualified teaching staff. In 2016 the teaching was carried out by 95 full-time teachers and accompanists as well as 6 part-time teachers. 93 members of the teaching staff (97.9%) have higher education.
Among the full-time staff 78 teachers (82.1%) have the highest qualification category and 13 teachers (13.7%) have first qualification category.
A wide range of advanced training (professional training courses, competitions, workshops, seminars, conferences) contribute to the growth of the teaching staff professional level.
The college teachers organize music festivals, contests and competitions. Many of them participate in concerts and performing activities as soloists, members of orchestras and ensembles, music band leaders on a regular basis.
Concert activities of the college teachers have cultural importance for the city and the country as well as educational importance for the college students. In 2015 the college held about 150 concerts aimed at a wide range of listeners.
Up to the present time the college has graduated more than 4000 music professionals working in Mordovia and beyond its borders. About 100 college graduates have various honorary titles; 40 are winners and laureates of national and international music competitions. Forty college graduates work in music education institutions of all levels, many of whom have academic degrees and titles.
The college students take an active part in international, national, inter-regional and national music competitions. Over the last two years 100 students took part in music competitions. As a result, 79 have become laureates and winners.
History
Kiryukov Music College is one of the oldest education institutions of Mordovia. It was opened in 1932 and based on the music and drama studio of Mordovia. Originally the college was called Mordovia Music and Drama College. It included two departments: music (singing) and drama. Shortly after that the conducting and choral departments became parts of the college. The college students immediately presented themselves to the public by staging three operas: "Eugene Onegin" by P.I. Tchaikovsky, "Mermaid" by A.S. Dargomyzhsky, "Faust" by Sh. Gounod under the leadership of the college director P.A. Organov, an honorary teacher of Mordovia. During the first two years the teaching staff was not numerous (6 teachers) as well as the number of first graduates (20 students). The first teachers of the school were: P. A. Organov, a singer and choral conductor, an honorary teacher of Mordovia; Z.A. Zaichikov, a singer and honorary teacher of Mordovia; L. P. Kiryukov, a composer and choral conductor, an honorary worker of arts of Russia and Mordovia, people's artist of Mordovia; M. N. Simansky, a pianist; V.I. Egunov, a performer on Russian folk instruments; Z. S. Vazhdaeva, a writer.
In 1937 the status of the college changed. There was an expansion of its structure. During the pre-war years the Music and Drama College included 5 departments (vocal, choral, orchestral, dramatic, teacher) and had about 200 students. With the onset of World War II and until 1944, the college was closed because many of the students and teachers joined the Soviet Army and were off at the front. The last change in the status of the college was in 1966 when it was named after L. P. Kiryukov.
Today Kiryukov Music College has 7 departments: solo, choir and conductor, folk music instruments, brass and percussion music instruments, string and bow music instruments, piano, theoretical music. The college has three major departments: general piano; general studies; folk orchestra conducting; accompanist department; sector of practical training. From 1982 to May 2011 P. V. Krivorotov, an honorary teacher of the Republic of Mordovia, was the college director. In June 2011 O. E. Simkina was appointed the college director.
In 2015–2016 the college educated 218 students: 203 were government-financed; 15 were privately financed. Teaching is carried out by 96 teachers and accompanists, many of whom were awarded honorary titles and diplomas of Russia and Mordovia.
In 2014–2015 the college students participated in 28 national, regional, national and international music competitions held in Warsaw (Poland), Cheboksary, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, Saratov, Penza, Rybinsk, Krasnoyarsk, Omsk.
The winners of the all-Russian competitions include 16 students of the college, 2 college orchestras and the female choir were awarded diplomas. 25 college students took part in the regional music competitions, 16 of whom were awarded diplomas of winners, including the orchestra of Russian folk instruments. 9 student soloists, 2 college orchestras, the ensemble of spiritual music "Faith", the mixed and female choirs, orchestras of folk instruments and symphony became laureates of Mordovia music festivals. 2 vocal duos and the quartet of guitarists were awarded diplomas of winners.
In 2014 teachers and students of the piano department and with the winner of a number of international music competitions (D. Demyashkin) organized and hold an international festival of piano music.
During the years of its existence the Music College has not been only engaged in the training of professional musicians. As a center of classical music, which concentrates a variety of music performers, it plays an important part in developing the cultural and musical environment of the region.
Concert hall
Parameters of the stage: width 17, 269; depth 11,767; area 174,81
Seating capacity of the Hall: 300 seats
There are 2 concert pianos, 1 room for the actors and modern audio and lightning equipment.
The students' practice also is held here.
The Hall provides its stage for performances, competitions and festivals, staging of theatrical performances, master classes and seminars.
The Opening (November 10, 2015) of the Big Concert Hall provided to Saransk music College named after L. P. Kiryukov big opportunities for active cultural and educational activities. From 2016, the school plans to expand the range of programmes for audiences from 5–6 years up to student's age, continuing to implement existing projects.
The aim of the school staff is completely expand the ranks of classical music lovers.
"Music for children" – series of concerts and lessons, their purpose is to encourage children to Philharmonic concerts, for development of their creative skills.
References
Mordovia
1931 establishments in Russia
Education in Russia
Music schools
Music organizations based in Russia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagorica%20pri%20Velikem%20Gabru
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Zagorica pri Velikem Gabru
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Zagorica pri Velikem Gabru (; ) is a village in the Municipality of Trebnje in eastern Slovenia. It lies just south of the A2 motorway in the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
Name
The name of the settlement was changed from Zagorica to Zagorica pri Velikem Gabru in 1953. In the past the German name was Sagoritza.
Cultural heritage
During the construction of the motorway an archaeological site with Eneolithic, La Tène–period, Roman-period and early medieval settlement layers was discovered in the area.
References
External links
Zagorica pri Velikem Gabru at Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Trebnje
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutsuhiro%20Watanabe
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Mutsuhiro Watanabe
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Mutsuhiro Watanabe (, 18 January 1918 – April 2003) – nicknamed "the Bird" by his prisoners – was a known war criminal and Imperial Japanese Army soldier in World War II who served in a number of military internment camps. After Japan's defeat, the US Occupation authorities classified Watanabe as a war criminal for his mistreatment of prisoners of war (POWs), but he managed to evade arrest and was never tried in court.
World War II
Watanabe served at POW camps in Omori, Naoetsu (present day Jōetsu), Niigata, Mitsushima (present day Hiraoka) and at the Civilian POW Camp at Yamakita.
While in the military, Watanabe allegedly ordered one man who reported to him to be punched in the face every night for three weeks, and practiced judo on an appendectomy patient. One of his prisoners was American track star and Olympian Louis Zamperini. Zamperini reported that Watanabe beat his prisoners often, causing them serious injuries. It is said Watanabe made one officer sit in a shack, wearing only a fundoshi undergarment, for four days in winter, and that he tied a sixty-five-year-old prisoner to a tree for days. According to Hillenbrand's book, Watanabe had studied French, in which he was fluent, and had interest in the French school of nihilist philosophy which holds that life and human existence hold no objective meaning.
Later life
In 1945, General Douglas MacArthur included Watanabe as number 23 on his list of the 40 most wanted war criminals in Japan.
However, Watanabe went into hiding and was never prosecuted. In 1952, all charges were quietly dropped. In 1956, the Japanese literary magazine Bungeishunjū published an interview with Watanabe, titled "I do not want to be judged by America." He later became an insurance salesman.
Prior to the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, the CBS News program 60 Minutes interviewed Watanabe at the Hotel Okura Tokyo as part of a feature on Louis Zamperini who, four days before his 81st birthday, was returning to carry the Olympic Flame torch through Naoetsu en route to Nagano, not far from the POW camp where he had been held. In the interview, Watanabe acknowledged beating and kicking prisoners, but was unrepentant, saying, "I treated the prisoners strictly as enemies of Japan." Zamperini attempted to meet with his chief and most brutal tormentor, but Watanabe, who had evaded prosecution as a war criminal, refused to see him.
Watanabe died in April 2003.
Legacy
Accounts of Watanabe's abusive behavior are given in Laura Hillenbrand's book about Zamperini titled Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption (2010). Watanabe also appears in Dr. Alfred A. Weinstein's memoir, Barbed Wire Surgeon, published in 1948.
In 2014, Japanese musician Miyavi played Watanabe in Angelina Jolie's Unbroken, the film adaptation of Hillenbrand's book. David Sakurai portrays Watanabe in Harold Cronk's Unbroken: Path to Redemption, a "spiritual successor" to Jolie's film, released in 2018.
References
1918 births
2003 deaths
Imperial Japanese Army personnel of World War II
People indicted for war crimes
Waseda University alumni
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55538933
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20United%20States%20presidential%20trips
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List of United States presidential trips
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This is a list of lists of visits and trips by the president of the United States.
Visits by state or territory
List of presidential visits to North Dakota
List of United States presidential visits to Puerto Rico
International trips
List of international trips made by presidents of the United States
Trips by president
Ronald Reagan
List of international presidential trips made by Ronald Reagan
George H. W. Bush
List of international presidential trips made by George H. W. Bush
Bill Clinton
List of international presidential trips made by Bill Clinton
George W. Bush
List of international presidential trips made by George W. Bush
Barack Obama
List of international presidential trips made by Barack Obama
List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2009)
List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2010)
List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2011)
List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2012)
List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2013)
List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2014)
List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2015)
List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2016)
Donald Trump
List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump
List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2017)
List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2018)
List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2019)
List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2020)
Joe Biden
List of international presidential trips made by Joe Biden
List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2021)
Trips by region
Americas
United States presidential visits to Canada
United States presidential visits to Mexico
United States presidential visits to Central America
United States presidential visits to the Caribbean
United States presidential visits to South America
Asia
United States presidential visits to East Asia
United States presidential visits to South Asia
United States presidential visits to Southeast Asia
Europe
United States presidential visits to Eastern Europe and Northern Asia
United States presidential visits to Northern Europe
United States presidential visits to Southern Europe
United States presidential visits to Western Europe
United States presidential visits to the United Kingdom and Ireland
Other
United States presidential visits to Australia and New Zealand
United States presidential visits to the Middle East
United States presidential visits to North Africa
United States presidential visits to Sub-Saharan Africa
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37337685
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compo%20%28film%29
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Compo (film)
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Compo is a 1989 low budget Australian film.
Buesst made it while running the St Kilda Film Festival.
Premise
A man goes to work for the state compensation office.
Cast
Jeremy Stanford as Paul Harper
Bruce Kerr as David Bartlett
Christopher Barry as Carlo Garbanzo
Elisabeth Crockett as Gina
Cliff Neate as Dale Bradley
Reception
The Tribune said the film "was mostly funny, but a little too long. Although it's a
parody of the worst aspects of the public service, the portrayal of people with injuries as leeches on society did get a little annoying. Nonetheless, for a small budget, home-grown movie Nigel Buesst has done very well."
The Age said it "had a smattering of excellent on liners but is a narrative and satirical shambles and is further sullied by some dreadful miscasting."
References
External links
Compo at IMDb
Compo at TCMDB
Australian films
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47626217
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaxis%20ehrenbergii
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Malaxis ehrenbergii
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Malaxis ehrenbergii, the Ehrenberg's adder's-mouth orchid, is a Mesoamerican species of orchid native to northwestern Mexico. It has been found in Mexico, Guatemala, and El Salvador.
References
Orchids of Mexico
Orchids of Central America
Plants described in 1850
ehrenbergii
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22834668
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merle%20Haggard%27s%20Christmas%20Present
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Merle Haggard's Christmas Present
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Merle Haggard's Christmas Present is the eighteenth studio album by American country singer Merle Haggard backed by The Strangers, released in 1973. The single, "If We Make It Through December" spent four weeks at No. 1 on the Billboard magazine Hot Country Singles chart in December 1973 and January 1974, and cracked the Top 30 of the Billboard Hot 100. "If We Make It Through December" was the No. 2 song of the year on Billboard's Hot Country Singles 1974 year-end chart.
The original LP release of the album carries the subtitle Something Old, Something New.
Track listing
All songs by Merle Haggard unless otherwise noted.
"If We Make It Through December" – 2:42
"Santa Claus and Popcorn" – 2:13
"Bobby Wants a Puppy Dog for Christmas" – 2:13
"Daddy Won't Be Home Again for Christmas" – 3:04
"Grandma's Homemade Christmas Card" – 1:50
"White Christmas" (Irving Berlin) – 2:28
"Silver Bells" (Jay Livingston, Ray Evans) – 3:20
"Winter Wonderland" (Felix Bernard, Richard B. Smith) – 2:31
"Silent Night" (Josef Mohr, Franz Xaver Gruber) – 2:29
"Jingle Bells" (James Lord Pierpont) – 2:21
Chart positions
References
1973 Christmas albums
Merle Haggard albums
Christmas albums by American artists
Capitol Records Christmas albums
Country Christmas albums
Albums produced by Ken Nelson (United States record producer)
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40440822
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-denominational%20Muslim
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Non-denominational Muslim
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Non-denominational Muslims () are Muslims who do not belong to, do not self-identify with, or cannot be readily classified under one of the identifiable Islamic schools and branches.
Non-denomination Muslims are found primarily in Central Asia. Kazakhstan has the largest amount of Non-denomination Muslims which constitute about 74% of the population. Southeastern Europe also has a large amount of Non-denominational Muslims.
Sectarian controversies have a long and complex history in Islam and they have been exploited and amplified by rulers for political ends. However, the notion of Muslim unity has remained an important ideal and in modern times intellectuals have spoken against sectarian divisions. Recent surveys report that large proportions of Muslims in some parts of the world self-identify as "just Muslim", although there is little published analysis available regarding the motivations underlying this response.
Etymology
Non-
The description non- may be used for example in relation to Islamic studies at educational institutions that are not limited in scope to one particular madhhab or school of jurisprudence. For non-denominational Muslims, Pew uses the description of "choose not to affiliate" while Russian officials use the term "Unaffiliated Muslims" for those who do not belong to any branch or denomination.
The term , i.e., "non-follower", can be used to describe the adherents of movements such as Salafism and Ahl-e-Hadith who do not necessarily follow the rulings of a particular traditional but identify as Sunni Muslims.
Overview
History of sectarianism
After the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, two conflicting views emerged about who should succeed him as the leader of the Muslim community. Some Muslims, who believed that Muhammad never clearly named his successor, resorted to the Arabian tradition of electing their leader by a council of influential members of the community. Others believed that Muhammad had chosen his cousin and son-in-law Ali ibn Abi Talib to succeed him. This disagreement eventually resulted in a civil war which pitted supporters of Ali against supporters of the founder of the Umayyad dynasty Muawiyah, and these two camps later evolved into the Sunni and Shia denominations. For the Shias, Ali and the Imams who succeeded him gradually became the embodiment of God's continuing guidance, and they tended to stress the religious functions of the caliphate and deplore its political compromises; Sunnis were more inclined to circumscribe its religious role and more readily accepted its pragmatic dimensions. As these differences became increasingly vested with religious importance, they gave rise to two distinct forms of Islam.
One assumption is that Sunnis represent Islam as it existed before the divisions, and should be considered as normative, or the standard. This perception is partly due to the reliance on highly ideological sources that have been accepted as reliable historical works, and also because the vast majority of the population is Sunni. Both Sunnism and Shi'ism are the end products of several centuries of competition between ideologies. Both sects used each other to further cement their own identities and divisions.
In the Early Modern period the conflict between Shias and Sunnis took a turn for the worse when the Safavid and Ottoman dynasties turned the military conflict between them into a religious war after the Safavids made Shia Islam the state religion in their empire. During that era some Sunnis and Shias for the first time began refusing to recognize each other as Muslims. Sectarianism continued to be exploited for political benefits into modern times. An example of this was the Zia regime in Pakistan, who used sectarian divisions between the Sunni and Shia to counter the growing geopolitical influence of Iran, as well as to distract from the domestic political problems. Post-Zia governments in Pakistan continued to "cynically manipulate sectarian conflicts for short term political gain."
Development and thought
Islam originally brought a radical egalitarianism to a fiercely tribal society, within which a person's status was based on his tribal membership. The Quran set all individuals as equals, erasing the importance of tribal status. The primary identity of "Muslims" became simply "Muslim", rather than as a member of a tribe, ethnicity or gender. The Quranic concept of the ummah depends on this unified concept of an Islamic community, and it was appealed to again in the 19th century, as a response to colonialism by European powers. One Muslim scholar leading the emphasis on Muslim unity was Muhammad Iqbal, whose views have been referred to as "ummatic". Iqbal emphatically referred to sectarianism as an "idol" that needed to be "smashed forever". He is quoted as having stated, "I condemn this accursed religious and social sectarianism, there are no Wahhabis, Shias or Sunnis. Fight not for interpretations of the truth when the truth itself is in danger." In his later life, Iqbal began to transcend the narrow domain of nationalist causes and began to speak to the Muslims spread all over the globe, encouraging them to unify as one community.
Iqbal's influence on Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, is also well documented. Jinnah, who was born to an Ismaili Shia family and briefly converted to Twelver Shi'ism as a young man, publicly described himself as neither Shia nor Sunni, his standard answer to questions asking him to define his sect being: Was Muhammad the Prophet a Shia or a Sunni?
Other intellectuals who spoke against sectarianism during this era were Altaf Hussain Hali, who blamed sectarianism for the decline of Muslims, the Aga Khan III, who cited it as a hindrance to progress, and Muhammad Akram Khan, who said sectarianism drained the intellectual capacities of Muslim scholars.
Non-denominational Muslims may also defend their stance by pointing to the Quran such as Al Imran verse 103, which asks Muslims to stay united and not to become divided. In Pakistan, sectarianism is cited as a hindrance to the unification of Islamic Law: "Codification of the Islamic Laws related to family and property on the basis of the concept of Talfiq should also be considered. This will require strong public opinion in favour of this unification of the Islamic Law on a non-sectarian basis, as no change can be considered permanent unless it has full support of the public."
Academia
There are faith schools and graduation programs with curriculums that have been described as being oriented towards non-denominational Islam. Non-denominational Muslims have been adopted by some theocratic governments into their fold of pan-Islamism as a means to tackle unreasoning partisanship and takfirism. Some academic press publishing companies have assigned a proper noun-like title to Muslims without a specific sectarian affiliation by capitalizing the designation as Just a Muslim. The customs and rituals practised by non-denominational Muslims in Northern Nigeria are statistically more likely to be Sunni-inclined. In other jurisdictions, some officials have applied a mandatory religious instruction that purportedly gives students a non-denominational outlook in an attempt to appear pluralistic, but in practice, does no such thing.
Dispersions
Western-born Muslims are more likely to be non-affiliated than immigrant Muslims, and when pressed may suggest they try to follow Islamic religious texts "as closely as possible". Although Pew has given comprehensive figures on Muslims with an unspecified branch or affiliation, earlier research from 2006 has also come from CAIR. Some publishers and authors have categorized such non-specified Muslims as being within the liberal or progressive stream of the faith. Sahelian non-denominational Muslims have demonstrated an aversion to austere religious measures. However, non-denominational Muslims in a locality in India have expressly suggested that non-denominational Islam is more traditional than what they consider as the more puritan and reformist Deobandi movement.
Although some non-denominational Muslims came to their position influenced by their parents, others have come to this position irrespective and in spite of their parents. Some laymen non-denominational Muslims exhibit hostility towards the notion that Islam is divided into the binary subdivisions of Sunnism and Shiaism, thereby erasing space for the unaffiliated non-denominational Muslims.
Non-denominational Islam has been described as a generic or a broad run-of-the-mill approach to the faith. Some adherents to the non-denominational form of Islam perceive it as less judgemental or censorious. Some non-denominational Muslims consider their unaffiliated stance to be a shield against the risk of becoming docile and meek subjects of domineering clergymen. According to the Muslim Council of America, facets occurring among non-denominational Muslims from a practical point of view includes lacking organizational convenance or spokespersons, and in terms of precepts, a universal or inclusive approach to all schools of thought. According to MCA, non-denominational Muslims also deemphasize the opinion of scholars, viewing them as non-binding, reject the blasphemy or laws within Islam, and posit the implementation of human dignity, freedom of expression and human intellect according to circumstance and changing situations, such as discernment between the present and seventh century Arabia. They have also depicted non-denominational Muslims as having a theological position that favors self-determination, human intellect, human dignity, a proportionate level of egalitarianism between the various religions and genders, and adapting to changing circumstances. Despite on occasion sourcing indicating that those identifying as just a Muslim may constitute up to a quarter of Muslims, more established institutions may express hostility to such a flexible approach to faith due to its ability to foment attitudes calling for an elimination of Islamic clergy.
Setting
In 2017, there were 144 non-denominational prayer rooms and other places of worship in the United Kingdom, open to all denominations. This represented 7.4% of the total of mosques and Islamic prayer rooms in the UK. 99% of them provided women's facilities such as prayer space, toilets or ablution spaces. In 2013, there were 156 non-denominational Muslim prayer rooms and places of worship in the U.K, although according to Mehmood Naqshbandi, the congregation does not necessarily subscribe to the same viewpoints as the staff. This represented 3.5 per cent of the total mosque capacity and 9.4% of the total number of mosques and Islamic prayer rooms in the UK. Those who are non-denominational Muslim have seen the term adopted or adherents coalescing with a wide assortment of persuasions, including Muslim revivalists, Salafists, active members of the Muslim Brotherhood, LGBT Muslims, or the quintessential all-embracing college, described as a "non-denominational Muslim institution" in Ota Ogun State, Nigeria wherein in the 1950s, all its Islam-related shelves were stocked with books solely affiliated with Ahmadiyya or from western orientalists, even though Ahmadiyya is considered heretical by institutions in some of the most populous Muslim-majority countries such as Pakistan and Indonesia.
Demographics
According to the Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project, at least one in five Muslims in at least 22 countries self-identifies as "just Muslim". The country with the highest proportion of Muslims identifying themselves in this non-sectarian way is Kazakhstan at 74%. It also reports that such respondents make up a majority of the Muslims in eight countries (and a plurality in three others): Albania (65%), Kyrgyzstan (64%), Kosovo (58%), Indonesia (56%), Mali (55%), Bosnia and Herzegovina (54%), Uzbekistan (54%), Turkey (52%), Azerbaijan (45%), Russia (45%), and Nigeria (42%). Other countries with significant percentages are: Cameroon (40%), Tunisia (40%), Guinea Bissau (36%), Uganda (33%), Morocco (30%), Senegal (27%), Chad (23%), Ethiopia (23%), Liberia (22%), Niger (20%), Tanzania (20%), and Pakistan (15%).
Commentary
It has been described as a phenomenon that gained momentum in the 20th century which can overlap with orthodox Sunni tenets despite adherents not adhering to any specific madhab. In an alluding commentary on surah Al-Mu'minoon verse 53, Abdullah Yusuf Ali states:
Organizations
; inspired by the principles of Muhammad Iqbal's philosophy, led by Ghulam Ahmed Pervez, Tolu-e-Islam is an organization based in Pakistan. It does not affiliate with any political party or religious sect. Its goal is to spread the principles of the Quran, with an aim to bring about a resurgence of Islam.
The People's Mosque; an online nondenominational Muslim movement that seeks to distinguish itself by contrasting its own principles with ultra-conservative political Muslims.
Cambridge Central Mosque is a non-denominational place of worship.
college, a college in Ogun state, Nigeria.
Notable individuals
Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani
Muhammad Iqbal
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Muhammad Ali Mirza
See also
Ex-Muslims
Islam and democracy
Islam and LGBT
Islam and modernity
Islam and secularism
Muʿtazila (rationalist Islamic school)
Persecution of Shia Muslims by Sunnis
Spiritual but not religious
Reform movements within Islam:
Islamic feminism
Islamic Modernism
Liberalism and progressivism within Islam
Quranism
Other religions:
Non-denominational Christianity
Non-denominational Judaism
Secular Buddhism
References
Islamic branches
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%20submarine%20U-164%20%281941%29
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German submarine U-164 (1941)
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German submarine U-164 was a Type IXC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II. The keel for this boat was laid down on 20 June 1940 at the Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau AG, Bremen yard as yard number 703. She was launched on 1 May 1941 and commissioned on 28 November 1941 under the command of Korvettenkapitän Otto Fechner.
The U-boat's service began with training as part of the 4th U-boat Flotilla. She then moved to the 10th flotilla on 1 August 1942 for operations. She sank three ships, totalling .
She was sunk by an American aircraft on 6 January 1943.
Design
German Type IXC submarines were slightly larger than the original Type IXBs. U-164 had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for at ; when surfaced, she could travel at . U-164 was fitted with six torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 torpedoes, one SK C/32 naval gun, 180 rounds, and a SK C/30 as well as a C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of forty-eight.
Service history
First patrol
The submarine's first patrol took her from Kiel on 18 July 1942, across the North Sea and into the Atlantic Ocean through the gap between Iceland and the Faroe Islands. She sank Stad Amsterdam on 25 August in the eastern Caribbean. The first torpedoes hit, except they were duds, probably fired from too close-in; but a coup de grǎce caused the ship to sink stern-first. The boat also sank John A. Holloway northwest of Curaçao. U-164 arrived at Lorient, in occupied France, on 7 October. She would be based at this Atlantic port for the rest of her brief career.
Second patrol and loss
She sank Brageland, a neutral Swedish ship, on 1 January 1943. A three-man boarding party inspected the ship and under the prize rules, she was torpedoed.
U-164 was sunk by an American PBY Catalina flying boat of VP-83 from northwest of Ceará State shoreline, Brazil on 6 January 1943. 54 men died, there were two survivors.
Summary of raiding history
References
Bibliography
External links
German Type IX submarines
World War II submarines of Germany
World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
World War II shipwrecks in the South Atlantic
Ships built in Bremen (state)
U-boats sunk by US aircraft
U-boats sunk by depth charges
U-boats commissioned in 1941
U-boats sunk in 1943
1941 ships
Maritime incidents in January 1943
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18893600
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNCAC%20NC.211%20Cormoran
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SNCAC NC.211 Cormoran
|
The SNCAC NC.211 Cormoran was a large four-engined military transport aircraft for passengers and cargo designed and built by SNCAC from 1945.
Design and development
In 1945, the French military wanted to create paratrooper divisions, but quickly found that they did not have any aircraft that could be used for this purpose. So, General Juin, the then chief of staff, ordered the Direction Technique Industrielle to evaluate interest for this project. SNCAC and Breguet Aviation answered positively and the SNCAC NC.210 was selected in December 1945 when a contract for 105 aircraft was awarded to SNCAC.
The NC.211 originated as the NC.210 powered by four Gnome-Rhône 18R 18-cylinder radial engines. With a change of engine type to the Gnome-Rhône 14R the designation changed to NC.211. Intended to provide the French Air Force, (French: Armée de l'Air (ALA), literally Army of the Air), with strategic transport and paratrooping capability the Cormoran was a large four-engined aircraft with a double-deck fuselage, high-set wing and tricycle undercarriage. Constructed largely of light-alloys with stressed skins and steel high stress components the Cormoran had a conventional tail unit with tailplane attached to the extreme rear of the fuselage and fin also. The cockpit was situated forward of the wing leading edge above the forward fuselage which also had large clamshell doors to the lower deck cargo compartment. Passengers, paratroops and stretchers were to have been carried in both the lower cabin and the upper cabin, which was on the same level as the cockpit aft of the wing. The retractable twin-wheeled undercarriage legs retracted into the rear of the inboard engine nacelles and the underside of the forward fuselage.
History
After the fuselage of the first prototype was displayed at the 1946 Salon d'Áéronautique in Paris on November 15, 1946 the first flight was delayed due to hydraulic problems on the landing gear. The first prototype Nc.211-01 was ready to fly in July 1948, making its first and only flight on 20 July 1948 at Toussus-le-Noble. During the flight a mismatch between flaps and tailplane/elevators caused the crash of the aircraft with the loss of all five on board.
Flight testing of the first production aircraft, from 9 April 1949, quickly revealed less than sparkling performance, leading to loss of confidence in the aircraft's ability to meet the requirement, (and possibly the safety of the design), resulting in cuts to the contract to ten production airframes. Flying with this aircraft ceased on 7 July 1949 with approximately 30 hours total flying time, after which the aircraft was used to house radio transmitters on the airfield at Villacoublay until it was scrapped circa 1972/3. All remaining aircraft and components were scrapped at the Aérocentre factory at Bourges or at Billancourt airfield.
Variants
Data from:
NC.210The initial design powered by 4x Gnome-Rhône 18R 18-cylinder radial engines. Not built.
NC.211 The proposed production aircraft powered by 4x SNECMA 14R 14-cylinder radial engines. One prototype and one production aircraft completed with nine more partially completed.
NC.212 A proposed version to have been powered by 4x Bristol Hercules 730 14-cylinder sleeve-valve radial engines.
NC.213A proposed version to have been powered by 4x Junkers Jumo 213 inverted V-12 engines.
Specifications (NC.211)
Notes
References
EADS: History of aviation > SNCAC NC211-Cormoran
Sandras-Dextreit, Geneviève. "L'Histoire du Cormoran". Bulletin Groupe Historique de Toussus-le-Noble, No. 6, 2001. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
1940s French civil utility aircraft
Four-engined tractor aircraft
Shoulder-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1948
Four-engined piston aircraft
Cormoran
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37021437
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coprosma%20tenuifolia
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Coprosma tenuifolia
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Coprosma tenuifolia, also called wavy-leaved coprosma, is a shrub or small tree that is native to New Zealand. C. tenuifolia grows to 5 metres high and has orange fruit.
References
tenuifolia
Flora of New Zealand
Taxa named by Thomas Frederic Cheeseman
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46737257
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahathua
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Lahathua
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Lahathua is a village of Tahshil Barachatti. Barachatti is a block (Tehsil) in the Gaya district of Bihar, India. Lahathua is situated north of Barachatti. The Middle school of Lahathua is Primary Education Center.
Notify people- Subodh .
Villages in Gaya district
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61491165
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandalian%20Tower
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Vandalian Tower
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The Vandalian Tower at Harting, West Sussex, England, is an 18th-century folly, built to commemorate the British colony of Vandalia, a short-lived colony that disappeared with the spread of America. It sits on the summit of Tower Hill.
Today the ruin is owned by the descendants of the Fetherstonhaugh family who bought the neighbouring estate of Uppark, now owned by the National Trust. It was listed as a scheduled monument in 1976.
History
The tower was built in 1774, designed by English architect Henry Keene for Sir Matthew Fetherstonhaugh, to celebrate the founding of the colony of Vandalia. The tower was quickly abandoned, possibly out of embarrassment of the failure of Vandalia.
In the late 18th century, Emma Hamilton is said to have frequently watched, from the tower, for Lord Nelson's ship arriving. This led to it being referred to by locals as “Lady Hamilton’s Folly,” The tower was partly destroyed by fire in 1842 and the ruins were stabilised in 1982.
Gallery
References
Folly buildings in England
Buildings and structures in West Sussex
1774 establishments in England
Towers completed in 1774
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65332298
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence%20S.%20Gaynor
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Florence S. Gaynor
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Florence Small Gaynor (October 29, 1920 – September 16, 1993) was the first black woman to head a major teaching hospital in the United States.
Background
Born in Jersey City, New Jersey, she graduated Lincoln High School at the age of 15 and applied to Jersey City Medical Center to study nursing, but was rejected as they did not admit Blacks, instead studying nursing at Lincoln Hospital, graduating in 1946 and began working at Queens General Hospital. Gaynor then worked for the New York City's Health Department and Francis Delafield Hospital.
Gaynor studied both her Bachelor of Science in Nursing and then Master of Science in public health at New York University, followed by the University of Oslo in 1965.
Gaynor began working in hospital administration at Lincoln Hospital and became assistant administrator in 1970. In 1971 she was selected to become the executive director of Sydenham Hospital, making her the first black woman to head a major teaching hospital in the United States. In 1972 she accepted a position as executive director of Martland Hospital in Newark, and then became a director at Meharry Medical College in Nashville from 1976 to 1980, followed by a director position at the West Philadelphia Community Mental Health Consortium in Philadelphia from 1980 to 1984.
Gaynor died of a sudden brain hemorrhage at the age of 72.
References
1920 births
1993 deaths
Lincoln High School (New Jersey) alumni
New York University alumni
University of Oslo alumni
Meharry Medical College
American women nurses
African-American nurses
20th-century American women scientists
21st-century American women scientists
People from Jersey City, New Jersey
Scientists from New Jersey
20th-century African-American women
20th-century African-American scientists
21st-century African-American women
21st-century African-American scientists
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26967112
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioplane%20Q-1
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Radioplane Q-1
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The Radioplane Q-1 was an American target drone, developed in the early 1950s for the United States Air Force by the Radioplane Company. Originally powered by a pulsejet engine, then later developed as an improved turbojet-powered aircraft, the Q-1 failed to win the favor of the USAF. However, the aircraft provided the basis of the GAM-67 Crossbow anti-radar missile.
Design and development
Shortly after its formation in 1948, the United States Air Force issued a specification calling for a new type of high-speed target drone. Required to be jet-powered to provide the most realistic training, the contract for the development of the drone was given to the Radioplane Company, later a division of Northrop.
Powered by a single Giannini PJ39 pulsejet engine, the drone, given the designation RP-26 by the company and XQ-1 by the USAF, was a high-wing, rocket sled launched aircraft. Originally fitted with a large single vertical stabiliser, the design was modified to a twin tail configuration to provide additional clearance of its carrier aircraft. Recovery, following the conclusion of the drone's flight, was by parachute.
Operational history
The first flight of the XQ-1 prototype took place in 1950; 28 aircraft of the type were built. Although the aircraft proved to be mostly satisfactory, the thirsty nature of the pulsejet engine limited the drone's endurance to a mere 60 minutes. In an attempt to increase the potential flight time of the aircraft, one XQ-1 was re-engined with a Continental YJ69 turbojet replacing the pulsejet, becoming the XQ-1A; however it was determined that further improvements were needed, and so a major redesign of the type was undertaken.
Known by the company as RP-50 and designated by the USAF as YQ-1B, the revised drone flew for the first time during 1953, being evaluated by the Air Force later that year. Using the YJ69 engine, the air intake for the jet was relocated to the nose of the aircraft, while the airframe overall was modified to increase the streamlining of the craft. The rocket-sled launch was abandoned in favor of air launching, with the Douglas DB-26 being the most common carrier aircraft.
Six YQ-1Bs were built for evaluation; they proved trouble-free, no production order for the type was undertaken, the competing Ryan Q-2 drone having been selected for operational service instead; as a result, the Q-1 program was terminated. However, the YQ-1B airframe was used by Radioplane as the start of development of a new anti-radar missile, which would be tested by the U.S. Air Force as the GAM-67 Crossbow.
Variants
XQ-1 Initial pulsejet-powered prototype with single tail; later refitted with twin tails. 28 built.
XQ-1A Turbojet-powered version. One modified from XQ-1.
YQ-1B Definitive turbojet-powered version, six built.
XQ-3 Variant planned to be constructed of fiberglass, none built.
Specifications (YQ-1B)
See also
References
Citations
Bibliography
Q-1
1950s United States special-purpose aircraft
Target drones of the United States
Single-engined jet aircraft
Pulsejet-powered aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1950
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54770745
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amadu%20Tur%C3%A9
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Amadu Turé
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Amadu Turé (born 3 June 1993) is a Guinea-Bissauan footballer who plays for Salgueiros as a forward.
Football career
On 23 July 2017, Turé made his professional debut with Sporting Covilhã in a 2017–18 Taça da Liga match against União Madeira.
References
External links
Portuguese League profile
1993 births
Living people
Bissau-Guinean footballers
Association football midfielders
F.C. Oliveira do Hospital players
A.C. Alcanenense players
GD Bragança players
S.C. Covilhã players
C.D.C. Montalegre players
GS Loures players
Sport Benfica e Castelo Branco players
S.C. Salgueiros players
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3659857
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junji%20Hirata
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Junji Hirata
|
(born December 20, 1956) is a retired Japanese professional wrestler currently working as a trainer for the New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) promotion, known primarily by his ring name .
Career
Hirata applied and was approved to the New Japan dojo on May 13, 1978, and made his debut for New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) on August 26, against Yoshiaki Fujiwara. In November 1982, he left on an overseas training expedition to Mexico, and later Canada, where in Stu Hart's Stampede Wrestling he would create the famous Super Strong Machine persona, as well as use a First Nations gimmick as Sonny Two Rivers (billed as the son of Billy Two Rivers, an actual First Nations chief). In April 1986, he left NJPW with Riki Choshu for rival wrestling promotion, All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW). In June 1987, he returned to NJPW and would soon capture the IWGP Tag Team Championship on three separate occasions with George Takano, Hiro Saito, and Shinya Hashimoto as his tag team partners.
In the fall of 1986, the World Wrestling Federation introduced a stable of wrestlers called The Machines -- "The Giant Machine" (André the Giant), "Big Machine" (Blackjack Mulligan), and "Super Machine" (Bill Eadie) -- based on Junji Hirata's popular Super Strong Machine gimmick. In 1984, Hirata had tried to make his own "Machines" stable with Korean wrestler Yang Seung-hi and veteran Yasu Fuji as Strong Machine #2 and Strong Machine #3 respectively, but this version of the stable did not have the exposure or push of their American counterparts. Hirata briefly turned face and became "Super" Strong Machine, feuding with his former partners. When Hirata left for Japan Pro, Fuji retired and Yang went back to South Korea.
In December 1994, after Masahiro Chono turned on him, he finally unmasked, dropping the Super Strong Machine character and wrestling under his real name. He revived the Super Strong Machine persona for the first time in six years in October 2000, having a brief feud with T2000 Machine (Tatsutoshi Goto). In 2005, Hirata, as the masked persona of Black Strong Machine, became a regular fixture on NJPW shows reconciled with Chono and part of his Black New Japan stable. He also had a brief stint in AJPW as Super Love Machine, the leader of the Love Machines, this time taking as partners Arashi as Love Machine Storm and Gran Hamada as Mini Love Machine. Whatever role he plays, Junji Hirata is a very respected veteran and is well liked by wrestlers, officials, and fans alike.
In the late 2000s, Hirata was a founding member of the Legend and Seigigun stables. He wrestled his final match on April 2, 2014, at Wataru Inoue's retirement event. He now works as a trainer at the NJPW dojo. On April 12, 2018, it was announced that he was retiring from active competition. His retirement ceremony was held on June 19 at Korakuen Hall.
Kizuna Road 2018 (June 19) ~Super Strong Machine Retirement Ceremony~ - Korakuen Hall, Tokyo, Japan
Personal life
Hirata's son trained in the Dragon Gate Dojo and debuted for the promotion in 2019 under the name Strong Machine J.
Championships and accomplishments
All Japan Pro Wrestling
All Asia Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Ashura Hara
National Wrestling Alliance
NWA Polynesian Pacific Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
New Japan Pro-Wrestling
IWGP Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with George Takano (1), Hiro Saito (1) and Shinya Hashimoto (1)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked him #105 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the year in the PWI 500 in 1997
Stampede Wrestling
Stampede British Commonwealth Mid-Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
References
External links
Japanese male professional wrestlers
Masked wrestlers
Living people
People from Hiratsuka, Kanagawa
1956 births
Professional wrestling trainers
Stampede Wrestling alumni
Faux First Nations professional wrestlers
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2350680
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiantla
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Chiantla
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Chiantla () is a town and municipality in the Guatemalan department of Huehuetenango. The municipality is situated at 2,000 metres above sea level and covers an area of 521 km2. The annual festival is on January 28.
History
Mercedarian doctrine
After the Spanish conquest of Guatemala in the 1520s, the "Presentación de Guatemala" Mercedarian province was formed in 1565; originally, the order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy had gotten from bishop Francisco Marroquín several doctrines in the Sacatepéquez and Chimaltenango valleys, close to the capital Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala, but they traded those with the Order of Preachers friars in exchange for the doctrines those had in the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes area. During the first part of the 17th century they also had doctrine in four town close to the city of Santiago, which eventually became city neighborhoods: Espíritu Santo, Santiago, San Jerónimo and San Anton —which was the capital of the Mercedarians, where they had their convent and where their comendador lived.
According to bishop Juan de las Cabezas memoir in 1613 and the bishop Pedro Cortés y Larraz parish visit minutes from 1770, the Mercedarians came to have nine doctrines, and numerous annexes, which were: Santa Ana de Malacatán, Concepción de Huehuetenango, San Pedro de Solomá, Nuestra Señora de la Purificación de Jacaltenango, Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria de Chiantla, San Andrés de Cuilco, Santiago de Tejutla, San Pedro de Sacatepéquez, and San Juan de Ostuncalco.
However, in 1754, due to the borbon reforms implemented by the Spanish kings, the Mercedarins -and the rest of the regular clergy for that matter-, had to transfer their doctrines to the secular clergy, thus losing their Chiantla convent and annexed doctrines.
Climate
At an altitude of approximately 2000m, Chiantla has a climate similar to that of Antigua, though with the extra 600m above sea level it is often a little chillier in the night. The rainy season is from May to October, with mornings starting out warm and humid, followed by heavy rains - and even hail - in the afternoons, which usually dissipate by evening.
Population
The inhabitants of the city are mostly ladino, it is common to hear the languages of Popti, Canjobal, Chuj, and Mam being spoken by street venders, shoppers and residents.
Economy
Mining
Lead production was noted in the area in 1850. Modern exploration of the Chiantla mining district by Firestone Ventures, a Canadian firm headquartered in Edmonton, has produced a promising prospect for a lead, zinc, silver open pit mine at its Torlon Hill Zinc-Lead-Silver Project west of Chiantla at the site of the Cinco Hermanos workings.
Photos of the Torlon HIll Zinc project
Climate
Chiantla has a subtropical highland climate (Köppen: Cwb).
Geographic location
Chiantla is almost completely surrounded by Huehuetenango Department municipalities. The city of Chiantla is located within the Northwest sector of the department of Huehuetenango. It sits in the mountainside above the city of Huehuetenango, approximately 2 hours from the Mexican border.
See also
List of places in Guatemala
Notes and references
References
Bibliography
External links
Site of Chiantla Spanish
Site of Education Chiantla, Génesis
Map showing relationship of Chiantla to the Pan American Highway and the Torlon Hill zinc project
Municipalities of the Huehuetenango Department
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44204370
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metasiodes%20calliophis
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Metasiodes calliophis
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Metasiodes calliophis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1894. It is found on Borneo.
References
Moths described in 1894
Pyraustinae
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22731557
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eken%C3%A4ssj%C3%B6n
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Ekenässjön
|
Ekenässjön is a locality situated in Vetlanda Municipality, Jönköping County, Sweden with 1,517 inhabitants in 2010.
References
Populated places in Jönköping County
Populated places in Vetlanda Municipality
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56668329
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horst%20Stobbe
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Horst Stobbe
|
Horst Stobbe (born 31 January 1934) is a West German rower who represented the United Team of Germany. He competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne with the men's coxless four where they were eliminated in the semi-final.
References
1934 births
Living people
West German male rowers
Olympic rowers of the United Team of Germany
Rowers at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Essen
European Rowing Championships medalists
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48446915
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin%20St%C3%BCssi
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Colin Stüssi
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Colin Chris Stüssi (born 4 June 1993) is a Swiss cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Continental team .
Major results
2013
2nd Road race, National Under-23 Road Championships
2015
3rd Giro del Friuli Venezia Giulia
2017
1st Overall Tour of Rhodes
1st Stage 1
2nd Overall Sibiu Cycling Tour
4th Famenne Ardenne Classic
8th Overall Tour du Gévaudan Languedoc-Roussillon
2018
6th Overall Tour of Almaty
2019
1st Stage 2 Tour de Savoie Mont Blanc
1st Mountains classification Tour of Rhodes
4th Paris–Bourges
2020
2nd Mountains classification Tour of Rhodes
References
External links
Official website of Colin Stüssi
1993 births
Living people
Swiss male cyclists
People from Glarus
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26281582
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesel%20citadel
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Wesel citadel
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The Wesel citadel is the largest intact fortification system of the Rhineland and was built 1688–1722 in Wesel according to plans by Johan de Corbin, in the form of a pentagonal star, with each point of the star being a bastion. The citadel was the core of the fortress of Wesel. It is currently used as a cultural centre.
Architecture
The main architectural features of the citadel can be derived from the principles of Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, the most prominent constructor of fortifications at the time. The construction costs of the phase built between 1668 and 1700 are estimated at 373,452 Reichsthaler. In subsequent years also, a substantial amount of funds flowed into the construction, for the years 1701 and 1702 the costs were 221,600 Reichsthaler. The entire Wesel fortification was at this time armed with 250 cannons.
In 1687 Frederick William I of Brandenburg ordered the construction of a citadel to turn Wesel into a fortified city. It was to be built in the south of the city and be connected to the existing city defences, and be equipped with 5 bastions and five ravelins. The main gate of the citadel was built in 1718. Probably before the mid-18th century, the citadel was expanded and strengthened on its south and east sides. In the period when the French occupied it (1805–1814), they constructed in the citadel a 2-floor brick building, which still stands today: the old Kaserne VIII (Barracks VIII).
The main gate is impressive in design; in the southern wing, there is a prison cell, in which amongst others eleven of Ferdinand von Schill's officers were detained.
Current use
Due to their dismantling after World War I in 1919-1920, the old fortifications are no longer present today. Especially in the direction of the Rhine and the Lippe, where the enemy would have come from, the fortifications have disappeared. The only thing that reminds of the old gate there is a street name.
After its dismantlement in 1919/1920 after World War I, the following buildings remained:
Main gate with curtain wall, bridge, tenaille, and trenches from 1718 (Jean de Bodt), renovated in 1823. Now contains the "Städtische Museum Abteilung Schillkasematte" (Local Museum Schill Case Matts). This gate is also fortified, but actually represented the connection to the city.
Officers' prison from 1727 (now privately owned)
Garrison bakery no. II from 1809. Houses the local archive with the restoration department.
Barracks no. VIII from 1809. Was renovated for the "Musik- und Kunstschule" (Music and Art School) of the city.
Körner magazine from 1835. This now contains the Prussian Museum of North Rhine Westphalia.
List of governors
1675 Freiherr Alexander von Spaen, Generalfeldmarschall.
1692 Friedrich von Heiden (1633-1706), General of the Infantry
1702 Carl Philipp Reichsgraf von Wylich und Lottum (1650–1719), Generalfeldmarschall.
1719 Freiherr Johann Sigismund von Heyden. (†1730)
1730 Konrad Heinrich von der Mosel (1663-1733) General-Leutnant
1733 Hans Christoph von Bardeleben, General-Major (†1736)
175? Friedrich Wilhelm von Dossow (1669-1758), General of the Infantry
1756 Friedrich von Hessen-Kassel, General-Leutnant
1757 Heinrich August de la Motte Fouqué (1698-1774), General-Leutnant
1787-1788 Friedrich Wilhelm von Gaudi (1725-1788), General-Leutnant
1790 Martin Ernst von Schlieffen (1732-1825), General-Leutnant
1792 Alexander Friedrich von Woldeck (1720-1795), General-Leutnant
1796 Friedrich August Albrecht von Tschirschky (1734–1799), Generalmajor
1797 Landgraf Wilhelm von Hessen-Kassel, Generalfeldmarschall.
External links
Website of the city; Citadel
Preußen-Museum Nordrhein-Westfalen
Forts in Germany
Local museums in Germany
Museums in North Rhine-Westphalia
Buildings and structures in Wesel (district)
Wesel
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46305137
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moran%20Lavi
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Moran Lavi
|
Moran Lavi (; born 3 February 1983) is an Israeli football player who plays as a midfielder for ASA Tel Aviv University.
International goals
Honours
ASA Tel Aviv University
Winner
Ligat Nashim (6): 1999–2000, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15
Israeli Women's Cup (3): 2010–11, 2011–12, 2013–14
References
External links
1983 births
Living people
Israeli Jews
Israeli women's footballers
Israel women's international footballers
ASA Tel Aviv University players
Women's association football midfielders
TCU Horned Frogs women's soccer players
Footballers from Kfar Saba
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5751425
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew%20Geary%20House
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Matthew Geary House
|
The Matthew Geary House is a wood-framed single family home located on Market Street in the city of Mackinac Island, Michigan built about 1846.
History
The lot this house stands on was first platted in 1811, and sold to John Ogilvy. The parcel passed through multiple owners in the next few decades, including the American Fur Company, until it was purchased by Matthew Geary in the mid-1840s.
Geary was a prominent citizen of Mackinac Island, having been elected fish inspector for the island. He was also elected as a village trustee in 1848, and held other elective positions on the island. Geary constructed this house in about 1846.
Following Geary's death, the house was passed to his family. The Geary House remained in the Geary family until 1968, when it was purchased by the Mackinac Island State Park Commission, the current owner as of 2016. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.
Description
The Matthew Geary House is a two-story, side-gabled frame house with an entrance porch topped with a balustrade and an enclosed side porch. Its raised basement, an architectural response to bedrock close to the surface, is characteristic of traditional Mackinac Island architecture. A rear addition, and the glassed-in side sun porch, are not original to the house. The basement can be accessed via a short flight of steps from the outside of the building.
On the interior, the main floor contains a centran hall and staircase and four surrounding rooms. The kitchen is located in the rear to the east room, and a parlor/bedroom is located in the front to the east. On the west side of the house hall is a large combination living-dining room, and the rear sunporch is located behind this room. The second floor contains four bedrooms, two on either side of the central hall. A bathroom is located at the rear within the two-story addition.
References
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
Houses in Mackinac County, Michigan
Mackinac Island State Park
National Register of Historic Places in Mackinac County, Michigan
Houses completed in 1846
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4239802
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken%20Cottage
|
Chicken Cottage
|
Chicken Cottage Limited is a UK-based fast food chain. The company is the master franchisor and owner of the "Chicken Cottage" brand. Its taste is modelled on a blend of the Indian subcontinent and Southern United States flavours using halal ingredients. It currently operates through 115 outlets in the UK.
History
Chicken Cottage was established in 1983 as a partnership and incorporated in February 2001. The first Chicken Cottage store was opened in 1983 in Wembley, London.
In February 2012, TI Global Food Holdings Ltd, a subsidiary of Terengganu Incorporated Sdn Bhd (Terengganu Inc), which is the main investment arm of the State of Terengganu, Malaysia, acquired a 22% stake in the company. The remaining 30% was at that point owned by Ri-Yaz Global Food Brands Inc, a subsidiary of Ri-Yaz Holdings, whose main focuses include hospitality, franchise business & development. On 26 February 2019, the company was no longer administration under Terengganu Incorporated after reported sold his warehouse to UK company
Health and safety
On 4 September 2003, the BBC consumer affairs TV programme Rogue Restaurants identified extremely serious environmental health problems with two London outlets of Chicken Cottage where raw chicken was not kept refrigerated for long periods and products were used after their use by dates. The programme did report that the Chicken Cottage headquarters promised to take remedial action once the BBC had informed them of the problems.
International expansion
Malaysia's first branch opened in Ladang Tok Pelam, Kuala Terengganu in December 2015 and Taman Tun Dr Ismail in Kuala Lumpur (both branch are closed). There are plans to have 50 more outlets, including 15 in Terengganu . Other outlets are in Iraq, Pakistan, Nigeria, Belgium and Italy.
References
External links
Chicken chains of the United Kingdom
Fast-food chains of the United Kingdom
Fast-food poultry restaurants
Fast-food franchises
Halal restaurants
Restaurants established in 1983
1983 establishments in England
Indian restaurants in the United Kingdom
Pakistani cuisine in the United Kingdom
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53199836
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978%20County%20Championship
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1978 County Championship
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The 1978 Schweppes County Championship was the 79th officially organised running of the County Championship. Kent won the Championship title. Sussex and Glamorgan were both deducted six points after a breach of regulations. The Championship was sponsored by Schweppes for the first time.
Table
12 points for a win
5 points to each side for a tie
5 points to side still batting in a match in which scores finish level
Bonus points awarded in first 100 overs of first innings
Batting: 150 runs - 1 point, 200 runs - 2 points 250 runs - 3 points, 300 runs - 4 points
Bowling: 3-4 wickets - 1 point, 5-6 wickets - 2 points 7-8 wickets - 3 points, 9-10 wickets - 4 points
No bonus points awarded in a match starting with less than 8 hours' play remaining.
The two first innings limited to a total of 200 overs. The side batting first limited to 100 overs. Any overs up to 100 not used by the side batting first could be added to the overs of the side batting second.
Position determined by points gained. If equal, then decided on most wins.
Each team plays 22 matches.
References
1978 in English cricket
County Championship seasons
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21518150
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huawei%20Symantec
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Huawei Symantec
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Huawei Symantec Technologies Co. Ltd. () was a developer, producer and supplier of network security, storage and computing solutions. The joint venture was disbanded in March 2012 when Symantec sold its share in the company to Huawei, which is headquartered in Chengdu, China. Huawei originally owned 51% of the company, while Symantec owned 49%.
Huawei is a Chinese-based company, while Symantec Corporation (NASDAQ: SYMC) is a US-based corporation headquartered in Mountain View, California.
History
2000: Huawei started R&D in the security technology field; Symantec is a provider of antivirus and security software
2004: Huawei started R&D in storage technology field
2005: Symantec acquires Veritas Software, manufacturer of Information Lifecycle Management software
2007 (May): Huawei and Symantec sign an agreement for the establishment of a joint venture in order to provide end-to-end solutions in the domain of converging network, security, and storage and computing technologies.
2008 (February): Huawei Symantec was established.
2012 (March): Huawei acquires the 49% of shares held by the Symantec Corporation at a price of about 530 million U.S. dollars or 3.4 billion yuan.
Technological convergence and R&D
Huawei Symantec is a holder of more than 300 patents in storage and network security field, and about 30 of them were accepted as formal technological standards. Huawei Symantec's technologists participate in various standardization organizations, including holding chair and vice-chair posts. More than 50% of employees are engaged in research and development activities with labs located in Beijing, Shenzhen, Hangzhou in China, and in India.
Acquisition by Huawei
On November 14, 2011, Beijing Time, Huawei and Symantec reached an agreement on a transaction where Huawei acquired Symantec's 49% stake in Huawei Symantec Technologies Co., Ltd. (Huawei Symantec) for US$530 million. Upon closing the agreement gave Huawei full ownership of Huawei Symantec. Huawei Symantec and Symantec Corporation are two separate entities.
References
2008 establishments in China
2008 establishments in California
2012 disestablishments in California
Software companies established in 2008
Software companies disestablished in 2012
Companies based in Chengdu
Chinese-foreign joint-venture companies
Huawei
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12507777
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujian%20pond%20turtle
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Fujian pond turtle
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The Fujian pond turtle ("Mauremys" × iversoni) is a possibly also naturally occurring intergeneric hybrid turtle in the family Geoemydidae (formerly Bataguridae) produced in larger numbers by Chinese turtle farms as a "copy" of the golden coin turtle Cuora trifasciata. It appears to occur in China and Vietnam. Before its actual origin became known, it was listed as data deficient in the IUCN Red List.
The parents of this hybrid are the Asian yellow pond turtle and the golden coin turtle, with the male apparently usually of the latter species. While it is not unusual for perfectly valid geoemydid species to arise from hybridization, recognition as a species would require that the hybrids are fertile and constitute a phenotypically distinct and self-sustaining lineage. This does not appear to be the case in this "species" as only single specimens have been found rather than an entire population of these turtles and captive breeding has rarely been successful as most males proved to be infertile (while females are fully fertile).
The Fujian pond turtle's scientific name was given in dedication to American herpetologist John B. Iverson.
"Clemmys guangxiensis" is a composite taxon described from specimens of Mauremys mutica and the natural hybrid "Mauremys" × iversoni.
See also
"Mauremys" × pritchardi
"Ocadia" × glyphistoma
Ocadia philippeni
Cuora serrata
References
Footnotes
General sources
Reptiles of China
Mauremys
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Hybrid animals
Intergeneric hybrids
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61398494
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%20in%20cue%20sports
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2019 in cue sports
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The year of 2019 included professional tournaments surrounding table-top cue sports. These events include snooker, pool disciplines and billiards. Whilst these are traditionally singles sports, some matches and tournaments are held as doubles, or team events. The snooker season runs between May and April, whilst the pool and billiards seasons run in the calendar year.
Four men's adult world championships were held in 2019, with Judd Trump winning the World Snooker Championship, Ko Ping-chung winning the WPA World Ten-ball Championship, nine-ball by Fedor Gorst and the World Billiards Championship by Peter Gilchrist respectively. Women's world championships featured a World Snooker Championship won by Reanne Evans and the World Billiards Championship won by Anna Lynch. The events in this list are professional, pro–am, or notable amateur cue sports tournaments from the year of 2019.
Pool
The cue sport pool encapsulates several disciplines, such as straight pool and nine-ball. Ko Ping-chung won the WPA World Ten-ball Championship, whilst the World Cup of Pool was won by Austria. In events where there was more than one competition, (m) refers to men, (f) to women, and (w) to a wheelchair competition.
Euro Tour
The Euro Tour is a professional nine-ball series run across Europe by the European Pocket Billiard Federation. The season featured six events, with five women's tournaments.
Women's pool
Southeast Asian Games
English billiards
The 2018–2019 English billiards season started at the end of August 2018. David Causier won the World Matchplay Championship, defeating Peter Gilchrist in the final 8–7. The 2019–2020 season started in September 2019, with Peter Gilchrist and Anna Lynch winning the World Billiards Championship titles in October 2019.
Southeast Asian Games
Snooker
The World Snooker season begins in July, and ends in May. Judd Trump won his first World Snooker Championship, defeating four-time champion John Higgins in the final. Reanne Evans won the women's world championship, defeating Nutcharut Wongharuthai in the final 6–3.
World ranking events
Challenge Tour
The Challenge Tour was a secondary non-professional snooker tour with events for invited players.
Non-ranking events
Pro–am events
Two events in 2019 were denoted as pro–am, with the events open to specific professional and local amateur players.
Team event
Variant events
World Seniors Tour
The World Seniors Tour is an amateur series open to players aged 40 and over. There were four events in the 2019 World Seniors Tour.
Women's snooker
Amateur snooker championships
References
External links
World Pool Association Official Website
World Billiards Official Website
World Snooker Official Website
Cue sports by year
2019 sport-related lists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil%20Murphy
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Neil Murphy
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Neil Anthony Murphy (born 19 May 1980 in Liverpool) is an English former professional footballer, who plays for Maghull FC, he also still works part-time as a coach for Liverpool's academy. He has represented England at under-17 and under-20 levels.
Club career
Murphy began his career as a trainee with Liverpool, turning professional in August 1999 at Liverpool, previously he had played in the same youth sides as Steven Gerrard, Michael Owen and Jamie Carragher. He joined Luton Town on loan in February 2000, but returned to Liverpool without making his debut. Released by Liverpool at the end of the season, he joined Third Division club Blackpool on a free transfer in July 2000. He made his debut on 12 August 2000 as a substitute for Mike Newell as Blackpool won 3–1 at home to Hull City.
He joined Altrincham in 2002, but played just eight times before joining Northern Premier League rivals Marine in November 2002.
He joined Kidsgrove Athletic in 2006, but broke his leg in a collision with a teammate while warming up in October 2006. He resigned for Kidsgrove in July 2007, but left to join Kendal Town during the following season. His availability became limited during the 2008–09 season due his new job as a fireman.
In June 2010 Neil joined his home town club Maghull FC who play in the West Cheshire League.
International career
Murphy made two appearances for the England national under-20 team at the 1999 FIFA World Youth Championship in Nigeria. He featured in the group stage against the United States and Japan as England failed to progress to the next round.
References
External links
1980 births
Living people
English footballers
Liverpool F.C. players
Luton Town F.C. players
Blackpool F.C. players
Altrincham F.C. players
Marine F.C. players
Kendal Town F.C. players
Kidsgrove Athletic F.C. players
Maghull F.C. players
English Football League players
Northern Premier League players
Footballers from Liverpool
England youth international footballers
Association football defenders
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partita%20for%20Violin%20No.%202%20%28Bach%29
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Partita for Violin No. 2 (Bach)
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The Partita in D minor for solo violin (BWV 1004) by Johann Sebastian Bach was written between 1717 and 1720. It is a part of his compositional cycle called Sonatas and Partitas for Solo Violin.
Structure
Except for the ciaccona, the movements are dance types of the time, and they are frequently listed by their French names: Allemande, Courante, Sarabande, Gigue, and Chaconne. The final movement is written in the form of variations, and lasts approximately as long as the first four movements combined.
Performance time of the whole partita varies between 26 and 32 minutes, depending on the approach and style of the performer.
Reception
Professor Helga Thoene suggests that this partita, and especially its last movement, was a tombeau written in memory of Bach's first wife, Maria Barbara Bach (who died in 1720), though this theory is controversial.
Yehudi Menuhin called the Chaconne "the greatest structure for solo violin that exists".
Violinist Joshua Bell has said the Chaconne is "not just one of the greatest pieces of music ever written, but one of the greatest achievements of any man in history. It's a spiritually powerful piece, emotionally powerful, structurally perfect." He played the piece busking in L'Enfant Plaza for The Washington Post.
Transcriptions of the Ciaccona
Raymond Erickson has identified approximately two hundred transcriptions and arrangements of Bach's Ciaccona.
Piano transcriptions
Since Bach's time, several transcriptions of the piece have been made for other instruments, particularly for the piano (including those by Ferruccio Busoni, Alexander Siloti, Joachim Raff, and Rudolf Lutz), and for the piano left-hand (by Johannes Brahms, Paul Wittgenstein, and Géza Zichy).
Brahms, in a letter to Clara Schumann in June 1877, said about the ciaccona:
Felix Mendelssohn and Robert Schumann each wrote piano accompaniments for the work.
Carl Reinecke transcribed the piece for piano duet.
Organ transcriptions
The earliest version for organ is by William Thomas Best. Further transcriptions are by John Cook, Wilhelm Middelschulte, Walter Henry Goss-Custard (1915–55), and Henri Messerer (1838–1923).
In the preface to his 1955 transcription, John Cook writes: "The Chaconne is sublimely satisfying in its original form, yet many will agree that a single violin is only able to hint at the vast implications of much of this music … It is perhaps not unreasonable to suppose that Bach would have chosen the organ, had he transcribed the Chaconne himself, as the instrument best suited to the scale of his ideas … A good performance on the violin may be taken as the best guide to interpretation on the organ – the two instruments are not without their points in common, and both were beloved of Bach."
Cello transcriptions
There is a transcription of the Chaconne for solo cello made by cellist Johann Sebastian Paetsch in 2015. This has been published by the Hofmeister Musikverlag in Leipzig.
Guitar transcriptions
The Chaconne is often performed on guitar. Marc Pincherle, Secretary of the French Society of Musicology in Paris, wrote in 1930: "If, insofar as certain rapid monodic passages are concerned, opinion is divided between the violin and the guitar as the better medium, the guitar always triumphs in polyphonic passages; that is to say almost throughout the entire work. The timbre of the guitar creates new and emotional resonance and unsuspected dynamic gradations in those passages which might have been created purely for the violin; as for instance the variations in arpeggi."
The most well-known transcription for guitar is the Segovia transcription. Many guitarists today prefer to play the Chaconne directly from the violin score.
Orchestra transcriptions
There are a number of transcriptions of the Chaconne for orchestras of different sizes, including Leopold Stokowski's transcription for a full symphony orchestra.
Other transcriptions
Gustav Leonhardt arranged the Partita for harpsichord solo. Anne Dudley arranged Bach's Chaconne for piano trio, and a recording by the Eroica Trio appears on their Baroque album. The Chaconne has also been arranged for harpsichord by Pieter-Jan Belder and for violin plus four voices by Christoph Poppen and the Hilliard Ensemble. The Chaconne has been arranged for pedal harp by Skaila Kanga.
Literature
In 2005 Joseph C. Mastroianni published Chaconne The Novel. Milo, abandoned by the father who introduced him to Chaconne, studied in Spain for four years to master the piece.
In 2008 Arnold Steinhardt, the violin soloist and first violinist of the Guarneri String Quartet, published Violin Dreams, a memoir about his life as a violinist and about his ultimate challenge: playing Bach's Chaconne.
In 2017 and published a book about Bach's Chaconne: Excerpts from Eternity – The Purification of Time and Character, the Fulfilment of Love and Cooperation with the Celestial Will in Johann Sebastian Bach's Ciaccona for Violin.
Notes and references
Notes
References
Sources
Further reading
Erickson, Raymond. 2003. "Toward a 21st-Century Interpretation of Bach's Ciaccona for Solo Violin, BWV 1004/5". The American Bach Society Newsletter, Spring, 2003.
Erickson, Raymond. 2019. "Popularisation and transformation: Bach's Ciaccona for Unaccompanied Violin, BWV 1004/5, in the Nineteenth Century." Bach and Chopin: Baroque Traditions in the Music of the Romantics, ed. Szymon Paczkowski, 371–395. Warsaw: The Fryderyk Chopin Institute, 2019.
Erickson, Raymond. 2020. "Bach's Violin Ciaccona in America". EMAg: The Magazine of Early Music America 26/3 (September 2020), 46–52.
External links
"On Bach's Second Violin Partita" by Dmitri N. Smirnov, 30 May 2018, Wikilivres.ru
Bach's Chaconne in D minor for solo violin: An application through analysis by Larry Solomon
, arranged by W. T. Best, played by D'Arcy Trinkwon
, Nathan Milstein
Recording of Busoni's transcription of the Chaconne by Boris Giltburg in MP3 format (archived on the Wayback Machine)
Partita No. 2 (complete), played on electric bass by Dave Grossman (audio and video)
Podcast, Arnold Steinhardt discusses his lifelong quest to master the chaconne
Partita No. 2, performed on guitar by Yaron Hasson (from the Wayback Machine)
German article on Bachs Chaconne
Suites by Johann Sebastian Bach
Bach2
1720 compositions
Compositions in D minor
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63313810
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhidovinovo
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Zhidovinovo
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Zhidovinovo () is a rural locality (a village) in Sukhonskoye Rural Settlement, Mezhdurechensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 26 as of 2002.
Geography
Zhidovinovo is located 9 km southwest of Shuyskoye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Vaskino is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Mezhdurechensky District, Vologda Oblast
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420036
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universality
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Universality
|
Universality most commonly refers to:
Universality (philosophy)
Universality (dynamical systems)
Universality principle may refer to:
In statistics, universality principle, a property of systems that can be modeled by random matrices
In law, as a synonym for universal jurisdiction
In moral philosophy, the first formulation of Kant's categorical imperative.
Universality may also refer to several concepts that are also known as "universality"
Background independence, a concept of universality in physical science
Turing-complete, a concept of universality in computation
Universal property, a mathematical concept
Universal jurisdiction, in international law
Lepton universality in the Standard Model of particle physics.
Universality of the Church, a theological concept in Christian ecclesiology
See also
Universal (disambiguation)
Universalism (disambiguation)
Universality probability
Universalization
Universalizability
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42390602
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagar%20River
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Nagar River
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Nagar River can refer to:
Bangladesh
Nagar River (Rajshahi), a river beginning in Bogra District and joining the Atrai River in Natore District
Nagar River (Rangpur), a river that crosses the border from India in Panchagarh district and returns to India in Thakurgaon District
India
Nagar River (India), a river in the Uttar Dinajpur district of West Bengal
Pakistan
Hispar River (aka Nagar River), a river that joins the Hunza River in Gilgit-Baltistan
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30716959
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AeroKuhlmann%20Scub
|
AeroKuhlmann Scub
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The AeroKuhlmann Scub is a single engine, high wing utility aircraft built in France in the 1990s.
Design and development
The Scub is a high wing light utility aircraft, capable of cargo, medical, mapping, agricultural and surveillance work. It is powered by a single 62.5 kW (83.3 hp) JPX 4TX75A flat four engine and seats two in tandem with dual control. It has a conventional layout, with a straight edged wings carrying 2° of dihedral. The short span ailerons extend to the squared-off tips. The wings are of mixed construction, based on a single 3-ply birch spar with a carbon fibre cap combined with glass fibre ribs. The leading edge is plywood, the rest covered with Dacron. The wings fold for storage.
The fuselage of the Scub is a chrome-molybdenum steel tube structure, Dacron covered and flat sided. The tapered, square topped vertical stabilizer has a horn balanced rudder. The starboard elevator carries a trim tab. The Scub has a conventional, fixed undercarriage without wheel fairings. Floats or skis may be fitted instead; the conversion takes about 2 hours. Floats add 50 kg (110 lb) to the empty weight. For agricultural work, Micronair 7000 atomisers are fitted on underwing bars, fed from a bulbous ventral tank. Surveillance cameras can be mounted underwing.
The Scub first flew on 5 May 1996. It was certified to JAR-VLA standard in France. In 2000, it was available either as an Ultralight, with maximum take-off weights (MTOW) of 450 kg (992 lb) in Europe or 544 kg (1.200 lb) in USA, or with a MTOW of 598 kg (1,320 lb).
Operational history
The Scub had its first public outing at the 1997 Paris Airshow and by mid-1999 17 had been built. Several have been used in Madagascar for crop spraying. In mid-2010, 8 were on the European civil registers.
Specifications (MTOW, landplane)
References
1990s French civil utility aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1996
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61693508
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coleothorpa%20mucorea
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Coleothorpa mucorea
|
Coleothorpa mucorea is a species of case-bearing leaf beetles in the family Chrysomelidae. It has two subspecies. It is found in North America.
Subspecies
C. mucorea mucorea (J. L. LeConte, 1858)
C. mucorea schaefferi (Clavareau in Jacoby and Clavareau, 1907)
References
Clytrini
Beetles of North America
Beetles described in 1858
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2059374
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary
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Auxiliary
|
Auxiliary may refer to:
A backup site or system
In language
Auxiliary language (disambiguation)
Auxiliary verb
In military and law enforcement
Auxiliary police
Auxiliaries, civilians or quasi-military personnel who provide support of some kind to a military service
Auxiliaries (Roman military)
In religion
Auxiliary bishop, in the Roman Catholic Church
Auxiliary organization (LDS Church)
In technology
Auxiliary input jack and auxiliary cable, generally for audio; frequently associated with mobile device audio
Aux-send of a mixing console
An auxiliary Port is a common port found on many Cisco routers for CLI access.
Other uses
Auxiliary route, also known as "special route", in road transportation
An auxiliary route of the Interstate Highway System in the United States
Auxiliary ship is a naval vessel designed to operate in support of combat ships and other naval operations
Auxiliary (fraternity or sorority)
A marching band color guard
See also
Aux (disambiguation)
Axillary (disambiguation)
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5620908
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Marie-Jeanne
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Alfred Marie-Jeanne
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Alfred Marie-Jeanne (; born November 15, 1936 in Rivière-Pilote, Martinique) is a French politician, a leader in the Martinican Independence Movement (MIM) since 1978. He served as mayor of the commune of Rivière-Pilote from 1971 to 2000 and served as President of the Regional Council of Martinique from March 20, 1998 to March 22, 2010. Alfred Marie-Jeanne represented Martinique's 1st constituency in the French National Assembly from 2012 to 2017. He was succeeded in this constituency by Josette Manin.
Gran Sanblé pour ba peyi an chans, a coalition of the Martinican Independence Movement and right-wing parties, led by Alfred Marie-Jeanne defeated , a coalition of left-wing parties, led by Serge Letchimy winning 33 seats out of 51 seats of the Territorial Collectivity's new assembly during the election held on December 13, 2015 in Martinique. Alfred Marie-Jeanne served as the president of the executive council of the Territorial Collectivity of Martinique from 2015-2021.
References
1936 births
Living people
People from Rivière-Pilote
Martinican Independence Movement politicians
Presidents of the Regional Council of Martinique
Mayors of places in Martinique
Martiniquais people of French descent
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
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27295876
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20Studio
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Red Studio
|
Red Studio may refer to:
The Red Studio or L'Atelier Rouge, a painting by Henri Matisse from 1911
Red 5 Studios, a computer game
RED STUDIO, a game project of CD Projekt
Red Studio, a motion picture studio in Hollywood.
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7134355
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midaregawa%20Station
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Midaregawa Station
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is a railway station in the city of Tendō, Yamagata, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East).
Lines
Midaregawa Station is served by the Ōu Main Line, and is located rail kilometers from the terminus of the line at Fukushima Station.
Station layout
The station has one side platform serving a single bi-directional single track. The station is unattended.
History
Midaregawa Station opened on 1 December 1954. The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of JNR on 1 April 1987.
Surrounding area
Tendo Mokko
See also
List of railway stations in Japan
References
External links
JR East Station information
Stations of East Japan Railway Company
Railway stations in Yamagata Prefecture
Ōu Main Line
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1954
Tendō, Yamagata
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41873296
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne%20Harper
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Wayne Harper
|
Wayne A. Harper (born February 27, 1956) is an American politician and a Republican member of the Utah State Senate representing District 6 since January 1, 2013. Harper served in the Utah House of Representatives from January 1, 1997, until December 31, 2012, in the District 43 seat.
Early life, education, and career
Harper earned his Bachelor of Arts in History and Master of Science from Brigham Young University. He is married to KaLee, and together they have eleven children. Harper is a Certified Archivist, Certified Real Estate Consultant, and Certified Real Estate Developer. He works as a Business and Economic Development Consultant, and for Taylorsville City. In his professional career, Harper has been affiliated with the Conference of Inter-Mountain Archivists, the International Economic Development Council, and the International Council of Shopping Centers.
Political career
Harper started his political career as a West Jordan City Councilman. He has also served as the President of the Streamline Sales Tax Governing Board and on the Utah State Historical Records Advisory Board, Utah State Capitol Preservation Board, and Utah Alliance for Economic Development.
Harper served in the House of Representatives from 1997–2012, and was elected to the Utah Senate in 2012. During the 2016 Legislative Session, Harper served on the following committees:
Business, Economic Development, and Labor Appropriations Subcommittee
Infrastructure and General Government Appropriations Subcommittee (Senate Chair)
Senate Revenue and Taxation Committee
Senate Transportation and Public Utilities and Technology Committee
Elections
In 2012 when Senate District 6 Republican Senator Michael G. Waddoups left the Legislature and left the seat open, Harper was selected from two candidates by the Republican convention for the November 6, 2012, General election, which he won with 28,073 votes (83%) against Democratic nominee John Rendell, who had run for Legislative seats in 2008 and 2010. Senator Harper is currently up for reelection.
Legislation
2016 sponsored bills
Notable legislation
In 2016 Senator Harper passed Senate Bill 210, which outlines and regulates the use of recreational drones in Utah. The law also gives local police the authority to shoot down drones if they are not in compliance with the law, and if being shot down does not pose a threat to people or animals. This bill does not apply to commercial drones.
Controversial legislation
In 2018 Harper sponsored SB136 which was signed into law. Among other provisions, SB136 includes an additional annual registration fee of up to $120 on clean air vehicles. The additional fees were opposed by air quality advocates such as the nonprofits Breathe Utah, and Utah Clean Energy which has stated the fees are misguided. Clean air advocates have voiced concerns that the additional fees will slow electric vehicle adoption and promote poorer air quality in Utah.
References
External links
Official page at the Utah State Senate
Wayne Harper at Ballotpedia
Wayne A. Harper at the National Institute on Money in State Politics
Place of birth missing (living people)
1956 births
Living people
Brigham Young University alumni
Members of the Utah House of Representatives
People from Taylorsville, Utah
Utah Republicans
Utah state senators
21st-century American politicians
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66878256
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathay%20Financial%20Center
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Cathay Financial Center
|
The Cathay Financial Center () is a 26-story, skyscraper office building designed by Japanese architect Tokutoshi Torii and completed in 2002 in Xinyi District, Taipei, Taiwan. The building houses the corporate headquarters of Cathay Financial Holding.
In 2017, Cathay Financial Center was awarded the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) EBOM Gold Certification for Green Buildings. It is the first environmentally-friendly building in the existing buildings category for the life insurance industry in Taiwan.
See also
List of tallest buildings in Taiwan
List of tallest buildings in Taipei
Xinyi Special District
Farglory International Center
Cathay Landmark
References
2002 establishments in Taiwan
Buildings and structures in Taipei
Skyscrapers in Taipei
Skyscraper office buildings in Taiwan
Office buildings completed in 2002
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2419803
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imamzadeh
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Imamzadeh
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An imamzadeh () is an immediate descendant of a Shi'i Imam in the Persian language. This Persian term is also used in Urdu and Azeri. Imamzadeh means "offspring" or descendant of an imam. There are many other different ways of spelling this term in the English language. Some of these are imamzada, imamzadah, and emamzadah. These all have the same meanings. Imamzadeh are basically the Syed's or Syeda's as they have descended from the Imams.
Imamzadeh is also a term for a shrine-tomb of the descendants of Imams, who are directly related to Muhammad. These shrines are only for the descendants of imams and they are not for imams themselves. Imamzadehs are also sayyids, though not all sayyids are considered imamzadehs. These shrine-tombs are used as centers of Shi'i devotion and pilgrimages. These shrine-tombs are also believed to have miraculous properties and the ability to heal. Many of these are located in Iraq, Medina, India and Iran.
There are many important imamzadehs. Two of these are Fātimah bint Mūsā, the sister of Imam Ali al-Ridha, the eighth Twelver Imam, and Zaynab bint Ali, daughter of Ali, considered by Shi'i Muslims to be the first Imam and by Sunni Muslims as the fourth Rashid. Imamzadehs are not traditionally women.
Many people visit the imamzadehs that are relatively close to them. There are also special ziyarat-namas (pilgrimages) for many of the imamzadehs. Some of these pilgrimages even happen annually during the certain time of year. Some of the imamzadehs are not as well kept as others. According to Reinisch an imamzadeh that he saw was mostly in ruins, though it is still important.
Imamzadehs
Imamzadeh Hamzah, Tabriz
Imamzadeh Hamzeh, Kashmar
Imamzadeh Ja'far, Borujerd
Imamzadeh Ja'far, Damghan
Imamzadeh Ja'far, Isfahan
Imamzadeh Saleh, Shemiran
Imamzadeh Sultan Mutahhar
Shah-Abdol-Azim shrine
Shah Cheragh
Imamzadeh (Ganja)
Imamzadeh Ahmad
Imamzadeh Esmaeil and Isaiah mausoleum
Imamzadeh Haroun-e-Velayat
Imamzadeh Mohammad
Imamzadeh Seyed Morteza
Imamzadeh Shah Zeyd
Imamzade Hossein, Qazvin
The Influence of the Imamzadas on the Iranian Popular Culture
The Imamzadas were so influential that some cities or parts of cities are named after the Imamzadas who are buried there, for example, Torbat-e Heydarieh, Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh in Gilan, Astaneh near Arak, and Shahreza.
See also
Sayyid
Holiest sites in Shia Islam
Ziyarat
Iranian architecture
References
Shia imams
Islamic terminology
Shia Islam
Architecture of Iran
Tombs in Iran
Islamic pilgrimages
Shrines in Iran
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50300769
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%20S%C3%A3o%20Paulo%20Challenger%20de%20T%C3%AAnis
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2016 São Paulo Challenger de Tênis
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The 2016 São Paulo Challenger de Tênis was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the sixth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2016 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in São Paulo, Brazil between 18 and 24 April 2016.
Singles main-draw entrants
Seeds
1 Rankings as of 11 April 2016.
Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
Gabriel Décamps
Rafael Camilo
Wilson Leite
Felipe Meligeni Alves
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
João Pedro Sorgi
Ricardo Hocevar
André Miele
Alexandre Tsuchiya
Champions
Singles
Gonzalo Lama def. Ernesto Escobedo, 6–2, 6–2
Doubles
Fabrício Neis / Caio Zampieri def. José Pereira / Alexandre Tsuchiya, 6–4, 7–6(7–3)
External links
Official Website
Sao Paulo Challenger de Tenis
São Paulo Challenger de Tênis
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12734637
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian%20Railways%20Class%2019
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Belgian Railways Class 19
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Class 19 is a class of electric locomotives operated by NMBS/SNCB, the state train operator of Belgium.
During 1993 Class 21 locomotive 2130 was converted for use as a test bed for the development of future class 13.
It was renumbered into Class 19 as 1901 for the testing program and was the only member of the class. The traction motors were replaced with asynchronous motors. It also gained a transformer that let it work under 25000 volts, 50 Hz AC and French signalling and train protection systems. The 3000 Volts DC capability was retained. The reason for this was because Class 13 was to be a dual voltage locomotive running on the same voltages with the same type of motors. 1901 operated into Lille Flandres station in France many times as part of the testing process. By 2001 the testing was completed and it was restored to standard with its original number of 2130.
In 2014, NMBS/SNCB decided to stop the first half of Class 21 (2101-2130). Part of this was because they had too many electric locomotives and part of it was because there was a need for otherwise unobtainable spare parts to keep Class 27 in service. These Class 21s will have their asbestos removed and be stripped of parts and scrapped in the near future. The second half of Class 21 is expected to meet the same fate by the end of 2015.
References
External links
HLE 19
Electric locomotives of Belgium
3000 V DC locomotives
25 kV AC locomotives
Bo′Bo′ locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1993
National Railway Company of Belgium locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Belgium
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethel%20Mairet
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Ethel Mairet
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Ethel Mary Partridge, Ethel Mary Mairet RDI, or Ethel Mary Coomaraswamy (17 February 1872 – 18 November 1952) was a British hand loom weaver, significant in the development of the craft during the first half of the twentieth century.
Early life
Ethel Mary Partridge was born in Barnstaple, Devon, in 1872. Her parents were David (a pharmacist) and Mary Ann (born Hunt) Partridge. She was educated locally and in 1899 she qualified to teach piano at the Royal Academy of Music. She then took up work as a governess, first in London and later in Bonn, Germany.
Introduction to textiles
She met the famed art historian and philosopher Ananda Coomaraswamy. The couple married on 19 June 1902 and travelled to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), where he conducted a mineral survey. The couple recorded the arts and crafts of each village, and Mairet kept meticulous journals, photographing each craft she observed. They returned to England in 1907 and published their investigations into Ceylon crafts.
Until 1910 they lived in Broad Campden where the arts and crafts architect Charles Robert Ashbee had established a community of artists and craftspeople. This Guild and School of Handicraft in Chipping Campden included Ethel's brother Frederick James Partridge, a jeweller. Ashbee renovated a Norman chapel as the Coomaraswamy home. The couple visited India, where they added to the textile collection they had begun whilst in Ceylon.
Weaving and dyeing
Aside from some rudimentary lessons in Ceylon and the British Isles, Ethel Mairet was self-taught as a weaver, spinner and dyer.
Mairet made her first experiments with weaving and dyeing in 1909 in Chipping Camden. She studied vegetable dyes in the Bodleian Library, Oxford and is said to have travelled to the Lake District to learn weaving during this period. Her knowledge of dyes and mordants were likely compounded by her father (a chemist) and her husband Ananda Coomaraswamy (a botanist).
Over the winter of 1910 Mairet and Coomaraswamy travelled to India. She wrote to the Ashbees over this period, and kept a journal detailing her discoveries of rare textiles and decorative jewellery, noting the vegetable dyes used.
In 1910 Coomaraswamy began openly having an affair and their marriage ended. Ethel then built a house near Barnstaple complete with studios for textile dyeing and weaving. In 1913 she married Philip Mairet and together they established The Thatched House a joint home and studio near Stratford upon Avon. The studio provided a base for her first weaving workshop. The following year she was visited by Mahatma Gandhi, who knew of her work in Ceylon and was interested in using simple textile techniques in India (see Khadi).
In 1916 she published A Book on Vegetable Dyes printed by Hilary Pepler at the Hampshire House Press in Hammersmith, London.
Ditchling
In 1916 she visited Hilary Pepler in Ditchling. Mairet was so impressed that she set about moving there. In 1917 she completed An Essay on Crafts and Obedience and oversaw the production of the second edition of A Book on Vegetable Dyes, both published by Hilary Pepler at St Dominic's Press in Ditchling.
Gospels, Mairet's third and final building project was completed in late 1920. During the 1930s and 1940s she trained people in weaving and dyeing at her Ditchling studio. Mairet's seminal training at her workshop is said to have influenced all of the aspiring hand weavers of that generation including Hilary Bourne, Valentine KilBride, Elizabeth Peacock, Petra Gill and Peter Collingwood.
The Swiss weaver Marianne Straub came to work with her and to learn more about hand loom weaving; Mairet taught Straub about hand dyeing and spinning as well. Straub introduced a variety of double cloth weaves and developed a friendship with Mairet. Mairet learnt in turn from Straub and this underwrote her belief that hand loom weaving could be used by industry. Straub and Mairet went on three European holidays during the mid 1930s. Straub frequently returned to Mairet and Gospels. A surviving journal written by Mairet from a European journey with her husband in 1927 illustrates how her observations were dominated not by whom she met but what they were wearing.
In 1921 Bernard Leach and Shoji Hamada visited Mairet at Gospels.
A member of both the Red Rose Guild of Craftsmen and the Guild of Weavers, Spinners and Dyers, in 1937 she became the first woman awarded the Royal Society of Arts title of Royal Designer for Industry. In 1939 she published Handweaving Today, Traditions and Change. She taught at the Brighton College of Art from 1939 until 1947.
Mairet remained active throughout her life, and continued mentoring pupils and sending examples of her oeuvre to schools across the country.
Legacy
Mairet died in Ditchling Common in 1952 and she was buried in Brighton, at St Nicholas' churchyard.
Mairet influenced a generation of weavers. The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography quotes the Japanese potter Shoji Hamada who called Mairet "the mother of English hand-weaving". Ditchling Museum of Art + Craft exhibits artifacts related to Mairet and other artists who worked locally.
She is the subject of a biography, A Weaver's Life: Ethel Mairet.
The Ethel Mairet archive is housed at the Crafts Study Centre. It includes documents and memorabilia from 1872–1952. Personal documents, travel journals 1910–1938. business and personal letters, books of account and photographs are included and are still a subject of academic study.
Published works
References
External links
1872 births
1952 deaths
People from Barnstaple
British weavers
20th-century women textile artists
20th-century textile artists
20th-century British women artists
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Music
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statue%20of%20Queen%20Victoria%2C%20Sydney
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Statue of Queen Victoria, Sydney
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The Statue of Queen Victoria, currently in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, was made by John Hughes in 1908 and was originally located in Dublin. Made of bronze, it is situated on the corner of Druitt and George Street in front of the Queen Victoria Building. It was the last royal statue to have been erected in Ireland.
Sculpture
The Queen toured Ireland in April 1900, prompting the Royal Dublin Society to propose a national monument to her. Her death nine months later spurred a second burst of enthusiasm. John Hughes, instructor in Modelling at the Dublin Metropolitan School of Art, was commissioned to create the statue and moved his studio to Paris to cast the work. It was his most important commission to date. Almost a decade later, it was unveiled in Dublin, Ireland, in the enclosed courtyard of Leinster House on 17 February 1908. At a ceremony with 1000 troops on parade, the Lord Lieutenant declared "we are assembled here to dedicate this noble work of art to the perpetual commemoration of a great personality and a great life."
The statue shows an effort to portray Victoria Regina as the 'Irish Queen' rather than the 'British Sovereign'. She is seated in a low chair rather than an elaborate throne, allowing the artist to contain the figure within a sphere rather than as a towering pillar. (Other seated examples place her on a high throne.) And she wears a simple coronet rather than the royal or imperial crown...Moreover, the statue portrayed her as the Sovereign Head of the Most Illustrious Order of St Patrick, Ireland's order of chivalry dating from 1783. The star on her left breast, and the pendant badge, feature shamrocks, crowned harps, and St Patrick's Cross. The St Patrick reference probably backfired. It confirmed Ireland's colonial subordination. Round her neck the chain alternates the red and white roses of England.
The statue sat atop a portland stone column, also designed by Hughes, with three sculptural groups to be placed below – "Fame", "Hibernia at Peace" and "Hibernia at War". This last group was also known as "Erin and the Dying Soldier" and referred to the loyalty demonstrated by Irish soldiers in the Boer War.
Location
Ireland
In 1922, 14 years after the statue's installation, Leinster House had become the seat of the Irish parliament, the Oireachtas, and nationalistic sentiment disapproved of having a British queen celebrated in such a location. The statue had by now been given the nickname "The auld bitch" by Irish writer James Joyce. In August 1929 The Irish Times reported that discussions were under way to remove the statue “on the basis that its continued presence there is repugnant to national feeling, and that, from an artistic point of view, it disfigures the architectural beauty of the parliamentary buildings.”
It was removed from its original location in July 1948 and replaced with a carpark. It was transported by lorry to the Royal Hospital Kilmainham and, along with the associated three sculptural groups, was placed in a courtyard and left, developing a patina. The hospital had also been a proposed site for the parliament, and was used as a storage location for property belonging to the National Museum of Ireland. It is now the Irish Museum of Modern Art. Attempts to send the sculpture to London, Ontario did not succeed as neither the Canadian nor Irish governments wished to pay the cost of transport. In February 1980 the statue was transferred to a yard behind a disused children's reformatory at Daingean, County Offaly.
The associated sculptures from the base of the statue are currently in the collection of Dublin Castle.
Australia
In the mid-1980s, the iconic Queen Victoria Building in central Sydney was undergoing major renovations after decades of disuse, and appropriate public art was being sought for the entrance. Neil Glasser, Director of Promotions for the company undertaking the renovations (Singapore's Ipoh Gardens Ltd), travelled to several former British colonies in the hope of finding a statue. After a "considerable amount of sleuthing", the statue, sitting in long grass behind the reformatory, was rediscovered and proposed to be moved to Australia. In order to obtain approval, Glasser contacted John Teahan, the Director of the National Museum of Ireland, and Sydney's Lord Mayor contacted the Irish Ambassador in Canberra. In August 1986 Fine Gael Taoiseach, Garret FitzGerald, authorised that the statue be given to Australia "on loan until recalled". Subsequently, declassified cabinet papers showed that the plan was opposed by the then finance minister John Bruton (later to be Taoiseach), as well as Teahan, on the basis that it represented the work of an Irish artist and "...representative of one of the many traditions of Irish history".
The statue was transported by sea to Australia that year, restored in Sydney, and installed at its present location 43 years after it had last been on display. Despite heavy rain an unveiling ceremony took place on Sunday 20 December 1987 overseen by Eric Neal, Chief Commissioner of Sydney, and Dermot Brangan, first secretary at the Irish embassy to Australia. The irony of the British Queen being "transported" to Australia by ship was not lost on the Irish media. In the days before the unveiling the embassy and the Daily Telegraph newspaper received anonymous threats of violence and protest about "the propriety of an Irish government giving a statue of Victoria as a gift."
A second statue nearby is of the Queen's favourite pet, a Skye Terrier named "Islay", begging above a wishing well on behalf of the Royal Institute for Deaf and Blind Children. At a cost of $10,000, Sydney sculptor Justin Robson modelled the bronze work from an 1843 sketch by the Queen. The location of the statue is actually to disguise the ventilation shaft for the new carpark underneath the renovated building. The wishing well also includes "a poem telling the story of Islay which will be specially translated into Braille, four proverbs highlighting the morality of giving in six different languages, and a piece of stone from Blarney Castle, Ireland." Since 1998, a recorded request for donations, supposedly being "spoken" by Islay, has been played at regular intervals from hidden loudspeakers. The recording says, "Because of the many good deeds I've done for deaf and blind children, I have been given the power of speech", and then expresses thanks for donations. It is voiced by local radio personality John Laws and concludes with two barks, also by Laws.
See also
List of statues of Queen Victoria
Cloud Arch, a major proposed sculpture to be placed nearby
References
Australia–Ireland relations
Sydney
Buildings and structures completed in 1908
Monuments and memorials in Sydney
1908 establishments in Australia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unlabeled%20-%20The%20Demos
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Unlabeled - The Demos
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Unlabeled - The Demos is an EP by the American singer/songwriter Leah Andreone, released in 2006 (see 2006 in music) and includes a cover of Beyoncé's song "Deja Vu".
Track listing
All songs by Leah Andreone, except where noted
"Never Stop Trying"
"A Flaw in the Way You Love Me"
"Break Your Fall"
"I'm Here"
"Generals Die in Bed"
"Avalanche"
"Deja Vu"
References
Leah Andreone albums
2006 EPs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dryden%20Theatre
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Dryden Theatre
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The Dryden Theatre is located at the George Eastman Museum, near Rochester, New York in the United States.
The theater is the primary exhibition space for showcasing the museum's collection of motion pictures, recent restorations, as well as traveling exhibitions and premieres of new foreign and independent films. To date, more than 16,000 film titles have been screened at the theater.
The Dryden Theatre was constructed in 1951 after a donation from George and Ellen Dryden, George Eastman's niece. The first film to be shown at the Dryden was Jean Renoir’s silent film Nana (1924). The museum's founding film curator James Card (1915–2000) was a pioneer in the archival world and a close friend and confidant of Henri Langlois of the Cinémathèque Française in Paris. Together, they helped contribute to the appreciation of film as an art form.
As of 2021, the Dryden Theatre is one of only a handful in the world certified to project nitrate film and annually hosts the Nitrate Picture Show, a film festival devoted to screening original nitrate film prints.
The George Eastman Museum's renovation projects will temporarily shut the Dryden Theatre by mid-October 2019.
References
External links
Official Website
Cinemas and movie theaters in New York (state)
Tourist attractions in Monroe County, New York
Culture of Rochester, New York
Film archives in the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn%20Albarr%C3%A1n
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Joaquín Albarrán
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Joaquín Albarrán, full name Joaquin Maria Albarrán y Dominguez (May 9, 1860 – January 17, 1912) was a Cuban urologist born in Sagua La Grande, Cuba. He received the Order of the Legion of Honour of France.
Biography
He studied medicine in Havana and Barcelona, earning his medical licence in 1877. Afterwards, he relocated to Paris, where he studied histology with Louis-Antoine Ranvier (1835–1922). In Paris, he interned under several renowned physicians, including urologist Jean Casimir Félix Guyon (1831–1920), who served as an important influence to Albarrán's career. In 1892 he became professeur agrégé, followed by chirurgien des hôpitaux two years later. In 1906 he succeeded Guyon as director of the clinic of urology at Hôpital Necker.
Albarrán's early career was largely spent in the fields of microbiology and histopathology, later switching to urology, a discipline in which he made several important contributions. He performed the first perineal prostatectomy in France, and is credited with introducing the so-called "Albarrán lever", a device used for adjusting the movements of a cystoscope during the catheterization of the ureter. In 1912 he was nominated for a Nobel Prize in Medicine.
Associated eponyms
Albarran-Ormond syndrome: Inflammatory retroperitoneal fibrosis, usually associated with urinary obstruction. Named with American urologist John Kelso Ormond (1886–1978); also known as "Gerota’s syndrome", after Romanian anatomist and urologist Dimitrie Gerota (1867-1939).
Albarran's glands: Tiny submucosal glands or branching tubules in the subcervical area of the prostate gland.
Albarran's sign: A sign of cancer in the pelvis renalis.
Written works
Anatomie et physiologie pathologique de la rétention de l’urine. With Jean Casimir Felix Guyon (1831–1920), 1890.
Sur un série de quarante opérations pratiqués sur la rein. Revue de chirurgie, 1896, 16: 882–884. First planned nephrostomy.
Médecine opératoire des voies urinaires. Paris, Masson & Cie., 1909. His best written effort. Albarran was the first surgeon in France to perform a perineal prostatectomy.
References
Joaquín Albarrán @ Who Named It
External links
Cuban urologists
1860 births
1912 deaths
People from Sagua la Grande
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21669081
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanowo%2C%20Pomeranian%20Voivodeship
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Urbanowo, Pomeranian Voivodeship
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Urbanowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bobowo, within Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Bobowo, south of Starogard Gdański, and south of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
References
Urbanowo
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53007721
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Paul%20Dorjahn
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Alfred Paul Dorjahn
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Alfred Paul Dorjahn (11 July 1894 – 23 June 1986) was an American classicist. In 1924 he completed his PhD at the University of Chicago. His doctoral dissertation was The Athenian Political Amnesty of 403 BC.
References
External links
Review of Political Forgiveness in old Athens. The Amnesty of 403BC by Dorjahn (Alfred P.), Cloché Paul, Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, 1949, Volume 27, Numéro 1, pp. 221–223
1894 births
1986 deaths
20th-century American historians
American male non-fiction writers
University of Chicago alumni
20th-century American male writers
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6429089
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri-Valley%20Community%20Television
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Tri-Valley Community Television
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Tri-Valley Community Television (TV30) is a nonprofit public-access television, educational-access television and government-access television (GATV) (PEG) television channel serving the Tri-Valley area, east of San Francisco, California. The cities include Livermore, Dublin, Pleasanton and San Ramon. The station operates channels 28, 29 and 30 on the Comcast Cable TV system. It can also be seen throughout the San Francisco Bay Area on AT&T U-verse VDSL service. It cablecasts to 68,000 households representing a population of nearly 200,000 people. Until mid-2007, TV30 was one of the few community cable stations with a live daily newscast. The Pleasanton-based station has endured management and budget controversies.
History
Tri-Valley Community Television started in 1976, founded by Darla Stevens, Charlotte Severin, Marshall Kamena and Lee Horner. Known then as CTV 30 (Community Television channel 30), the station expanded from having only a few hours each day on the air, to growing to 30 programs over three channels decades later. By the 1980s, the station moved from covering local events and happenings, and began producing studio shows with the help of the local cable company.
Darla Stevens was Executive Director of the 501(c)3 California Nonprofit Public Benefit Corporation known as Tri-Valley Community Television until her retirement in November 2003. At that point, then Operations Manager Sheila Tole replaced Stevens as interim Executive Director. In March 2004, Bruce Goddard was hired for the position of Executive Director and Tole departed. Goddard instituted many changes in concert with city staff and the board. However, Goddard left the station the following December, amid accusations by employees Goddard had laid off. Production company owner Glenn Davis was hired as his replacement in July 2005. Davis resigned in early 2008 after an investigation into sexual harassment claims could not support nor deny any claims.
In 2004, the station renamed itself TV30. That change came with several other attempts to revamp the "look" of the station. The name of the newscast was changed from "The 580/680 News" to "TV30 News." The news set was changed from a blue-lit grey set handed down from a San Francisco network affiliate, to a remodeled salmon one built by station employees. In Fall 2005, the set was changed again, this time to a new professionally designed one. This was the first of many moves that sent the station hurtling into debt. TV30 News was again renamed in July 2007 to "TV30 News Live at 4," to reflect what time the show airs live (the same taped version runs again at 7, 9, and 11). The change brought different graphics with it once again, the third time in as many years the on-air "look" changed. A new motto also came with the new name: "The Pictures. The Stories. Your World".
On May 1, 2007, it was reported that the station requested $65,000 from each of the four cities to keep running through the end of June (the end of the station's fiscal year). This comes after the station's board of directors was removed, and it was announced that the mayors from the four cities would oversee the station instead. TV30 had used up most of its $100,000 credit line and was $208,000 in debt. On June 30, the "TV30 News" gave its final broadcast.
In 2012 the city of San Ramon announced that in a money saving move it would shift the city's support from Tri-Valley to Contra Costa Television. Since 1984 Tri Valley had covered San Ramon, broadcasting local sports, the city's annual Christmas tree lighting, the annual "Mayor's Report," and city council meetings, in exchange for an annual subsidy. Contra Costa offered these services at a lower price.
In 2014 Executive Director Melissa Tench-Stevens reported that the Digital TV Fairness Act would cost TV30 over $500,000 annually in lost funding.
Today there are new programs airing and being developed which bring the station back to its roots. The station is once again focused on highlighting the events, people and places in the Tri-Valley area.
Management controversies
In December 2004 several employees of the station were removed by Bruce Goddard. Those former employees made public accusations about his management style, and threatened lawsuits to the station's board of directors. None of the employees were reinstated but accusations on behalf of the terminated employees lead to Goddard being placed on paid administrative leave pending an investigation. No results were officially released. Goddard refused public comment and chose to resign rather than continue under the cloud.
After an extensive search for a successor, Glenn Davis was hired as the station's new executive director on July 1, 2005. Davis' reign has had its own share of controversies, with the station falling significantly into debt since his inception. After Davis was hired, the station operated in the red for two years in a row for the first time ever. Furthermore, in mid-August 2007, a Contra Costa Times article came out that said the station was being sued for sexual harassment by the former news director, with Davis the main target of the suit. In late December, another employee made similar accusations, and Davis was again placed on administrative leave.
According to a March 5, 2008 article in Pleasanton Weekly, Davis resigned after an investigator concluded there was "insufficient evidence" to support the claims of harassment made by one former and another current employee. A lawsuit is still pending in Alameda County Superior Court.
A March 7, 2008 East Bay Times article says "While the board of directors credited Davis with reversing the long-deteriorating technical condition of the station and restructuring the program schedule, he is also associated with the financial overages that led to budget deficits two years in a row." Indeed, Davis oversaw several graphics upgrades and new set designs. Long-running program "Everything Local" was also taken from a low-budget in-studio community affairs program to a flashy magazine program under Davis's watch.
Dublin Mayor Janet Lockhart also told the newspaper "It was never intended that we would all be financing a fully functioning competitive station -- that's not what we originally started out to be.... Some of the management leadership has kind of led us in that direction."
Following an independent investigation looking into the second sexual harassment investigation against Davis, it was determined that there was insufficient evidence with the claim, but a civil case is still pending in Alameda County. Davis resigned in March 2008.
The TV30 Board of Directors advertised for a new Executive Director in June. Roger Bradley, Administrative Analyst for Dublin, was tasked with screening the applications. Bradley received twenty applications; ten of which were selected for interviews. Bradley sent out a press release on September 12, 2008 announcing the appointment of Melissa Tench-Stevens as the new Executive Director of TV30. Tench-Stevens is currently the President and CEO of The Evers Group, LLC in San Jose.
Programming
Tri-Valley Community Television broadcasts public meetings on an ongoing basis, including the city council meetings of each of the four participating jurisdictions, as well as the Pleasanton School Board, the Dublin School Board, the Livermore School Board and the Livermore Area Recreation and Park District. The bulk of the station shows air on channel 30, while the meeting mostly air on 28 and 29.
One of the longest running shows at the station has been Let's Talk Sports. Hosted by George "Dr. B" Baljevich, the show grew from a call-in talk show, to a studio interview talkshow, and later a field production at TV30. The last in-studio taping of this show took place in 2004.
Everything Local is another long-running show that started off in-studio, then moved to the field. It was at first hosted by various faces at the station. When it moved to the field, it was hosted by Eboni Warnking, and is now no longer in production.
The station also receives money to produce and air several shows, including Livermore Life (paid for by the Livermore Downtown Association) and COPPS (City of Pleasanton Police).
Lately there has been a shift away from locally produced programming such as Media Roundtable and Everything Local. The station has started airing programs produced by outside sources such as the University of Hawaii-produced Growing Old in a New Age, and the PBS program California Connected.
Local shows produced and aired by TV30
Conversations With Mel McKay
SLIPSTREAM
Conversations with Scott Haggerty
Let's Talk Sports
Supervisor's Report with Nate Miley
Mayors Report
Slice of Life Tri-Valley
Tri-Valley Sports Final
About The Tri-Valley
TV30 shows no longer being produced
Ask The Doctor
Everything Local
Magic Mike's Funhouse
Media Roundtable
Positively Pleasanton
The Real Estate Show
TV30 Weekend (Sometimes referred to as TV30 News: Weekend Edition)
TV30 News
Valley Forum
TV30 News
The station's flagship show was the live newscast, titled "TV30 News Live At 4" at the time of its cancellation. TV30 was one of the only community cable stations in the country to have a live, daily newscast. It debuted as "580/680 News", but became "TV30 News" in 2005. In 2007, the name changed again, this time to "TV30 News Live At 4" to emphasize its live presence. That change brought new features, including a controversial traffic segment.
The show was anchored by Tom Morrison since its inception in 1988. George "Dr. B" Baljevich" anchored sports since the beginning. Ian Bartholomew was also a sports anchor, joining in the early 1990s. Shortly after the newscast was launched, Robin Fahr joined Tom Morrison as co-anchor for the show. By 2005, Fahr was only anchoring one or two days a week with Michelle Soba anchoring or Morrison solo-anchoring the rest of the week. Soba took over the desk full-time that year. She left in early 2007, and was replaced by Melinda Meza.
By early 2008, financial problems at the station began to mount, with the news bearing the brunt of the blame. In a March 5, 2008 Pleasanton Weekly article, Dublin Mayor and TV30 board chair Janet Lockhart was quoted as saying "The news program is the most expensive in the station lineup." Lockhart raised concerns over the newscast in the Pleasanton Weekly article, "It makes no sense to me to have a live traffic report aired at 4 p.m. and then the same news repeated through the evening," she added. "I also don't understand why our local station reports on news you can watch on regular stations, such as the latest Britney Spears scandal."
Citing increased costs at keeping the news afloat, the board ultimately canceled "TV30 News Live at 4" in April 2008. The board is considering a weekly or monthly news magazine in its place.
References
External links
TV30 web site
TV30 live web cast
Television stations in California
American public access television
Pleasanton, California
Television channels and stations established in 1976
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48417638
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelo%20Tumino
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Angelo Tumino
|
Angelo Tumino (April 28, 1973 - ) is an Italian novelist and poet.
His debut novel Invasione negata ("Denied Invasion") had a great success. Published in 2010, the book sold 50,000 copies, and was noted for its stark depiction of the relationship of Italians and foreigners in the slums of large cities. The author was accused of racism, and had to be escorted by police during subsequent presentations and conferences.
Tumino worked for several years as a gondoliere in Venice, which provided the setting for American Gondolier (2012).
In 2014 he wrote a novel about Silvio Berlusconi titled L'Invincibile.
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20131220065235/http://edizionianordest.com/rassegna-stampa/rassegna.html
http://tribunatreviso.gelocal.it/treviso/cronaca/2010/10/28/news/il-libro-invasione-negata-diventa-un-caso-rischio-incidenti-mobilitata-la-digos-1.1469065
1973 births
Living people
21st-century Italian novelists
Italian poets
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52584409
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WLDV
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WLDV
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WLDV (107.9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Mainstream Urban format. Licensed to Frederiksted, U.S. Virgin Islands, the station is currently owned by Creative Minds, LLC.
External links
LDV
Radio stations established in 2012
2012 establishments in the United States Virgin Islands
Mainstream urban radio stations in the United States
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64441967
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotti%20H%C3%B6ner
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Lotti Höner
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Lotti Höner (born 19 August 1928) is a Swiss former figure skater. She competed in the ladies' singles event at the 1948 Winter Olympics.
References
1928 births
Possibly living people
Swiss female single skaters
Olympic figure skaters of Switzerland
Figure skaters at the 1948 Winter Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people)
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53746931
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arun%20M.%20Kumar
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Arun M. Kumar
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Arun M. Kumar (born 25 November 1952) was the chairman and chief executive officer at KPMG in India for a five year term that ended on February 6. 2022 . He succeeded Richard Rekhy. Prior to leading KPMG in India, Kumar served as Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Global Markets and director general of the US and Foreign Commercial Service (USFCS) in the administration of former U.S. President Barack Obama.
Career
KPMG in India
Under Arun M. Kumar’s leadership, KPMG in India overcame several challenges over a period of five years. Today in India, KPMG has the second largest workforce for KPMG anywhere across the world with over 32,000 employees. With Kumar at helm KPMG in India is said to have focused on specific areas of growth – ranging from special situations to do with stressed assets to cyber security. Kumar made sure that the Firm leverages on talent and skill availability in India to serve markets in proximate areas from Africa to East Asia. The many consequential steps taken by Kumar have ensured that KPMG India continues to build on its momentum along a well-thought-through strategic trajectory.
Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Global Markets & Director General of the U.S. and Foreign Commercial service
Arun M. Kumar was nominated by President Obama on October 4, 2013, and confirmed by the U.S. Senate on March 13, 2014. In his role as one of the top commercial diplomats of the United States, Kumar led the trade and investment promotion efforts for the U.S. Government responsible for a team of 1600 professionals located in over 100 U.S. cities and 78 world markets. He also served as the International Trade Administration's lead official advocating for better market access for U.S. exporters. During his tenure he visited over 30 countries, led dialogues with countries ranging from France to Indonesia and led trade missions to Colombia, Chile, Kenya, Mozambique, Singapore, South Africa, Turkey and Vietnam and represented the U.S. at economic forums in numerous countries including Canada, China, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates and Uzbekistan. In 2016, the Global Markets unit that he led served 28,692 U.S. exporters, mostly small and medium enterprises, assisted U.S. companies win over a hundred deals with foreign governments valued at $50.9 billion that supported about 178,000 American jobs.
Kumar played a key role in strengthening commercial ties between India and the United States by helping establish, working with Commerce Secretary Penny Pritzker, the US-India Strategic & Commercial Dialogue (S&CD) and a renewed US-India CEO Forum. The S&CD placed commerce and business at the center of the U.S.-India relationship spawning bilateral engagement across a spectrum of activities: ease of doing business, engagement in India's efforts to create a new bankruptcy code, encouraging new forms of financing including municipal bonds, co-operation in harmonizing standards, U.S. participation in smart cities development and in the launch of the U.S.-India Innovation Forum. He was member of President Obama's delegation on his historic visit to India as the Chief Guest at the Republic Day celebrations in January 2015. He organized, with Stanford University, a roundtable for Prime Minister Modi on renewable energy during the Prime Minister's visit to Silicon Valley in September 2015.
Kumar oversaw the expansion and institutionalization of SelectUSA, the federal investment promotion initiative of the U.S. Government, that was housed in Global Markets. Successes included two SelectUSA Investment Summits and the U.S. participation in Hannover Messe as partner country in April 2016. Its 2015 and 2016 Investment Summits featured over 2,500 participants from more than 70 international markets.
Kumar initiated the launch of the Commercial Diplomacy Institute (CDI) of the U.S. Department of Commerce with the goal of promoting professional development and intellectual leadership for U.S. government officials engaged in advancing the country's commercial interests. The CDI conducts a series of lectures (“Trade Talks”) and has noted individuals as visiting faculty.
Kumar launched an initiative to focus on urbanization, transportation and power, to increase U.S. exports, launching pilot programs in India, Philippines, Sub Saharan Africa and Mexico. He co-led, with Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx, a trade mission in this regard to Sub Saharan Africa. The focus on Smart Cities and Infrastructure yielded significant wins for U.S. companies globally
Kumar established an eCommerce Innovation Lab based in Silicon Valley to promote eCommerce channels for exports and a Rural Exports Innovation Lab in Fargo, North Dakota to promote exports from rural America. He also increased a focus on sectoral specialization and service delivery for the Commercial Service. His organization established the Digital Attache’ program to engage on digital economy policy topics in a selected countries. Kumar served on the Foreign Service Board of the United States. He was nominated by President Obama in 2016 as a commissioner on the Organization for Security & Cooperation in Europe (OSCE).
Curt Clawson incident
On July 25, 2014, Rep. Curt Clawson, a freshman Republican congressman from Florida, mistook Arun M. Kumar and Nisha Biswal (two senior U.S. officials) for representatives of the Indian government during a House hearing. He assured them that, as a U.S. representative, he would support all efforts to facilitate a better relationship between America and "your country" and "your government." Clawson continued on by heaping praise upon India while addressing Biswal and Kumar, apparently unaware of his confusion. Three days later, the incident was featured in Last Week Tonight by John Oliver; the clip of that show went viral and has recorded 3 million views. The incident lead to a wave of criticism across print, television & social media and the blogosphere. According to USA Today, Clawson later said, “I made a mistake in speaking before being fully briefed and I apologize. I’m a quick study, but in this case I shot an air ball.” He was reported to have apologized to both Biswal and Kumar. Peter Beinart contributing editor at The Atlantic termed the incident as silly gaffe that is revealing of our society where whiteness is still a proxy for being American.
KPMG LLP
Before joining the Obama Administration, Arun M. Kumar was a partner and member of the board of directors at KPMG LLP. From 2005 until his retirement in September 2013, he led the firm's West Coast Finance Management Consulting practice. He also founded and led the firm's U.S.-- India practice from 2007 to 2013. Kumar initiated, in 2009, the annual India Prospective discussion sponsored by KPMG and held at the Asia Society, New York after each Indian budget presentation to Parliament. He also initiated and helped run, from 2008 to 2013, the annual KPMG Share Forum on Financial Planning, Reporting and Forecasting, bringing together senior financial executives to discuss trends in these areas and publishing a white paper based on the deliberations. Kumar had joined KPMG in 1995 as a finance management leader, and served in KPMG Consulting, which was spun out as BearingPoint Inc. in 2001, before returning to KPMG LLP in 2005.
Entrepreneurial Years
Arun M. Kumar was founder and CEO of software company Planning & Logic from 1993 to 1995; chief financial officer of Netlabs from 1991 to 1993; CFO of Elite Microelectronics from 1990 to 1991; director of planning and management information at Silicon Graphics from 1989 to 1990; co-founder, CFO, and vice president of operations for mini-superconductor firm Cydrome from 1984 to 1988, and controller of Elxsi from 1980 to 1984. Kumar is also an early Charter Member of TiE in Silicon Valley, which has since grown into the largest organisation of entrepreneurs.
TAS
Kumar was selected into the TAS (then known as the Tata Administrative Service) in 1973. He served in TAS for five years working with current Tata Group Chairman Emeritus Ratan Tata.
Early life and education
Kumar studied physics in Kerala and earned a Master's in Management from the Sloan School of Management. He was born in Mavelikkara, Kerala. He attended the Lawrence School, Lovedale, completing his high school there. He then studied, as a National Science Talent Scholar, at University College, Trivandrum, graduating with a bachelor's degree in physics in 1972. Kumar left for the U.S. in 1978 for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Sloan School of Management, earning a Master of Science in Management (since termed an MBA by Sloan) in 1980.
Books
In 2020, Kumar authored a book of poetry titled, Mantram Beach. The book, published a decade later after his first book of poems “Plain Truths”, explores observations of the unusual in the usual. Both the books cover people and places, evoking stories, making connections across geographies and time. Kumar is also co-editor of “Kerala's Economy: Crouching Tiger, Sacred Cows.” This book is based on one of two conferences he helped convene in Trivandrum, in 2005 and 2007, along with Stanford University, on Kerala in the Global Economy. Kumar has also contributed to the Huffington Post and has authored blogs on a range of topics including public service, American businesses, trade, commerce and global markets.
Personal
Kumar is the eldest son of the late B. Madhavan and Kamala Nair and is married to Poornima Kumar, the daughter of Sarojini Menon and the late noted historian A. Sreedhara Menon. Kumar and his wife Poornima have two sons, Ashvin, married to Melisa Shah, and Vikram, married to Monisha Batra.
References
Indian chief executives
KPMG people
Living people
MIT Sloan School of Management alumni
1952 births
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44270544
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haranpur%20Junction%20railway%20station
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Haranpur Junction railway station
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Haranpur Junction railway station () is located in Pakistan. The station is 9 km from Malakwal Junction railway station.
See also
List of railway stations in Pakistan
Pakistan Railways
References
External links
Official Web Site of Pakistan Railways
Railway stations in Jhelum District
Railway stations on Malakwal–Khushab branch line
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12080896
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitol%20Hill%20Baptist%20Church
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Capitol Hill Baptist Church
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Capitol Hill Baptist Church is a Southern Baptist affiliated church located on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., six blocks from the United States Capitol. Mark Dever serves as the senior pastor of the church, where he also runs his ministry 9Marks teaching principles of "healthy church" practices. It was founded in 1878 and was originally named Metropolitan Baptist Church, after the Metropolitan Tabernacle in London., although the naming origins are refuted by some. It was later named Capitol Hill Metropolitan Baptist Church, to differentiate it from another Metropolitan Baptist Church in the District of Columbia. It was subsequently shortened to be named Capitol Hill Baptist Church.
Senior pastors prior to Dever included:
John Compton Ball;
Walter Pegg;
K. Owen White (one time president of the Southern Baptist Convention, early proponent of conservative theological fundamentalism in the Southern Baptist Convention, and later pastor at First Baptist Church, Houston, Texas);
J. Walter Carpenter (later pastor at Kendall Baptist Church, Washington, DC);
R. B. Culbreth;
Harold Lindsell (interim) who was also Editor of Christianity Today;
John Stuckey (later a United Methodist Church pastor);
C. Wade Freeman Jr. (who also served as trustee at Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary).
Dynamic, theologically conservative preaching was a pulpit trademark during most of the early 20th century, Metropolitan/Capitol Hill Metropolitan Baptist Church years.
In the days of Metropolitan Baptist/Church/Capitol Hill Metropolitan Baptist Church, which spanned up through the 1980s, there was a multi-faceted approach to church ministry. It took in five general areas of church ministry, as reflected for several years within ministerial and professional staff. Being closely tied to Southern Baptist equipping in the areas of Sunday School, Church Training (Training Union), Missions, and Music resulted in lay leaders at Metropolitan participating for several summer in training opportunities at Ridgecrest Baptist Assembly, later renamed the Ridgecrest Conference Center. (The Executive Committee of the Southern Baptist Convention sold Ridgecrest in subsequent years). The five overall ministry/church mission areas at Metropolitan included Worship, Instruction, Fellowship, Evangelism, and Ministry. Worship, for Metropolitan, primarily included corporate worship through the 1980s.
Worship at Metropolitan, which primarily referred to corporate worship, included preaching, proclamation of the Word, as well as corporate, participatory worship, which included various elements of Music Ministry. Metropolitan had a strong tradition of music, congregational singing, graded choirs, instrumental groups, and handbells. These directions were consistent with the Southern Baptist denominational emphases under the denominational music leadership of Baylus Benjamin (B. B.) McKinney, W. Hines Sims and William J. Reynolds. Hymnals used from the 1940s through the 1980s included the Southern Baptist Baptist Sunday School Board published hymnals: Broadman Hymnal (1940), Baptist Hymnal (1956), and Baptist Hymnal (1975). Music directors and Ministers of Music from the 1940s through the early 1980s included:
Norman Chase (formerly of Bob Jones University);
Homer Phillips (Northwestern University graduate and formerly United States Navy Band, solo trombone);
John Kooistra (Bob Jones University graduate, noted keyboard performer, vocalist, and member of the Centurymen);
John Travis (interim music director);
and,
Lyndel Vaught (later Professor of Music at Southwestern and noted authority on geriatric vocal science).
Instruction, also sometimes referred to as education ministry in Southern Baptist churches, was encapsulated in Metropolitan's commitment to calling and employing a ministerial staff member to be responsible for the Southern Baptist institutions of Sunday School (Bible Study), Baptist Young People's Union (Discipleship), later called Training Union and Discipleship Training, Missions (under the supervision of the Women's Missionary Union), and Youth or student ministry, specifically involved 12-19 year-olds.
Fellowship (more to come)...
Evangelism (more to come)...
Ministry (more to come)...
CHBC is affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention, and has been described as the "epicenter of the new Calvinism". The average age of its members is 31.
CHBC emphasizes the need for a regenerate church membership, and has implemented a church covenant to that end.
Although conservative, Capitol Hill Baptist Church supports the practice of having female deacons.
References
Further reading
External links
Baptist churches in Washington, D.C.
Religious organizations established in 1878
Southern Baptist Convention churches
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22483980
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brasfield%20%26%20Gorrie
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Brasfield & Gorrie
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Brasfield & Gorrie, LLC, headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama, is one of the United States’s largest privately held construction firms, providing general contracting, design-build, and construction management services for a wide variety of markets. Founded in 1964, Brasfield & Gorrie has 12 offices and approximately 2,600 employees. Its 2019 revenues were $3.80 billion. Engineering News-Record ranks Brasfield & Gorrie 30th among the nation’s “Top 400 Contractors” for 2017. Modern Healthcare ranks the company third among healthcare general contractors in the nation.
History
Founded as the Thomas C. Brasfield Company by its namesake in 1921, the company focused on small commercial and remodeling projects. The company continued in this market until it was acquired in 1964 by Miller Gorrie, who changed the company's name to Brasfield & Gorrie in 1967. As the company's success grew, Gorrie moved its focus to larger commercial, industrial, and institutional projects. Brasfield & Gorrie expanded its operations in the late 1960s and early 1970s to include high-rise and specialty concrete structures, and expanded further in 1977 to include water and sewage treatment plants. The company has also expanded into the government market and continues to be a nationwide leader in constructing healthcare facilities. In 1985, Brasfield & Gorrie opened offices in Atlanta, Georgia and Orlando, Florida, creating two new regions of operation. With additional offices added in Raleigh, North Carolina; Nashville, Tennessee; Jacksonville, Florida; Dallas, Texas; and Columbus, Georgia; Brasfield & Gorrie has increased its profitability from less than $1 million in its first year of operation to close to $2 billion in 2010.
Company executives include founder M. Miller Gorrie as Chairman, Jim Gorrie as CEO, Rob Taylor as President, Chris Kramer as Senior Vice President IT, Randy Freeman as Chief Financial Officer, Jeff Stone as Executive Vice President, and Jack Darnall as Executive Vice President.
Major projects
Commercial
Regions Financial Corporation - Operations Center, Birmingham, Alabama
ALFA Corporation - Business Processing and Recovery Center, Montgomery, Alabama
Regions-Harbert Plaza - a 32 story, 437 foot (138 m) office building located in, Birmingham, Alabama
HealthSouth Corporation - Corporate Headquarters Campus, Birmingham, Alabama (1997)
HealthSouth Corporation Corporate Headquarters (2018), Birmingham, Alabama
AT&T Building - AT&T Tennessee Headquarters, Nashville, Tennessee
Blue Cross Blue Shield of Alabama - Corporate Headquarters Campus, Birmingham, Alabama
1010 Midtown - a 35 story mixed-use building located in Atlanta, Georgia
Colonial Brookwood Center - 9 story multi-tenant office building in Birmingham, Alabama
Genuine Parts Headquarters Atlanta, Georgia
Healthcare
St. Vincent's Medical Center- South and North Tower additions, Birmingham, Alabama
Grandview Medical Center Birmingham - Originally the HealthSouth Medical Center hospital, now flagship for Community Health Systems
UAB Women & Infants Center and the Hazelrig-Salter Radiation Oncology Center, Birmingham, Alabama
Huntsville Hospital Tram System - a people mover connecting buildings at the Huntsville Hospital
HealthSouth Medical Center- Southside hospital 1992
Texoma Medical Center - Denison, Texas
Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital - North Tower & CEP - Greensboro, North Carolina
Sports & Leisure
SunTrust Park - new home of the Atlanta Braves opening in 2017 (10 miles NW of Atlanta in Cobb County) - built via American Builders 2017 (A joint venture between Brasfield & Gorrie, Mortenson Construction, Barton Malow and New South Construction)[
The College Football Hall of Fame - Located in Atlanta, Georgia opened August 2014
Coleman Coliseum - a 15,316-seat multi-purpose arena in Tuscaloosa, Alabama that serves as home to the University of Alabama Crimson Tide basketball and gymnastics teams
Georgia Aquarium and Georgia Aquarium Expansion - the world's largest aquarium located in Atlanta, Georgia
Georgia Dome - a domed stadium located in Atlanta, Georgia and home to the Atlanta Falcons
Visionland - a theme park located outside of Birmingham, Alabama in Bessemer, Alabama
Bryant-Denny South Endzone Stadium Expansion at The University of Alabama-Tuscaloosa - an expansion to the University's football stadium that brought the capacity to 101,821, making it the fifth largest stadium in the nation. The expansion was completed in time for the 2010 Crimson Tide football season.
The Greenbrier - renovation and construction of the Spa and Sporting Club
Tiger Stadium - Completed the south endzone expansion at Louisiana State University. The expansion brought capacity to 102,321, making it the third largest in the Southeastern Conference.
Institutional
McWane Science Center - a science museum and research archive located in downtown Birmingham, Alabama
Auburn University Student Center- a replacement student activities center in Auburn, Alabama
Ensworth School - Academic building, library and art/science renovation project in Nashville, Tennessee
Paideia School - Gymnasium and expansion to the junior high school which earned LEED Gold in Atlanta, Georgia
Government
United States Federal Courthouse - a five-story building in housing the U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals located in Shreveport, Louisiana
Hugo L. Black Federal Courthouse - federal courthouse located in Birmingham, Alabama
Richard Arnold Federal Courthouse - renovation of the federal courthouse located in Little Rock, Arkansas
United States Land Port of Entry U.S. border station that is LEED Silver located in Donna, Texas
References
External links
Brasfield & Gorrie, LLC homepage
Company portfolio
Companies based in Birmingham, Alabama
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1921
Privately held companies based in Alabama
Construction and civil engineering companies of the United States
1921 establishments in Alabama
Companies established in 1921
Engineering companies of the United States
1921 establishments in the United States
Design companies established in 1921
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66010379
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20authors%20of%20South%20African%20animal%20taxa
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List of authors of South African animal taxa
|
List of authors of South African animal taxa is a list of authors who have described or revised South African animals, and the standard forms used for identification of those authors in the zoological literature.
The complete entry for each author is given on a single line showing the standard form for their name, name link, dates and other names by which they have been known. Following this comes a list of major groups they have worked on. In cases where there is more than one person who may be referred to by a name, one or more dates of publication may help with disambiguation.
The major groups are
Invertebrate
Porifera
Ctenophores
Cnidarians
Platyhelminthes
Nematodes
Nemerteans
Annelids
Arthropods
Bryozoans
Brachiopods
Molluscs
Echinoderms
Tunicates
Vertebrates
Fish
Amphibians
Birds
Mammals
Reptiles
The dates given are those of birth and death where one or both are available. If neither is known, a date on which the author is known to have published a name (usually the earliest, and optionally also the latest, if more than one is known) is given preceded by 'fl.' (floruit).
A
Abbott fl. 1861
Ahl fl. 1789
Alcock fl. 1896 – Alfred William Alcock (1859-1933)
Andriashev fl. 1962 – Anatoly Petrovich Andriashev (1910–2009)
Ascanius fl.1772
B
Balushkin fl. 1988 – Arkadii Vladimirovich Balushkin
Barnard fl. 1923
Bass fl. 1975
Bean fl. 1895 - 1925
Bekker fl. 1967
Bennett fl. 1831
Bertelsen fl. 1976 – E. Bertelsen
Branch – William Roy Branch 1946 - 2018, Herpetology
Brauer fl. 1906
Bibron fl. 1839
Bleeker fl. 1851 – Pieter Bleeker (1819–1878)
Bloch fl. 1923
Bocage fl. 1864 – José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage (1823–1907)
Bolin fl. 1946
Bonaparte fl. 1832 – Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte (1794–1857) ornithology
Bonnaterre fl. 178 – Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre (1747–1804)
Borodin fl. 1928 – Nikolai Andreyevich Borodin (1861–1937)
Borodulina fl. 1977
Boulenger fl. 1902
Broussonet fl. 1782
Brünnich fl. 1788
Bussing fl. 1966 (Bussing & Bussing)
Bussing fl. 1966 (x2)
Byrne fl. 1909
C
Capello fl. 1864
Castelnau fl. 1861
Castle fl. 1968
Cocco fl.1829
Cohen fl. 1981
Compagno fl. 1984
Cramer fl. 1897
Cressy fl. 1979
Cuvier fl. 1829
D
Davies fl. 1950
Day fl. 1873
D'Aubrey fl. 1975
DeFilippi fl. 1857
De Kay fl. 1842
Donndorff fl. 1789
Duméril fl. 1865
E
Ebert fl. 1990
Ege fl.1933
Ehrenberg fl. 1899
Esmark fl. 1871
Euphrasen fl. 1790
F
Forsskål fl. 1775
Forster fl. 1801
Fowler fl. 1927
Franca fl. 1960
G
Gaimard fl. 1824
Garman fl. 1899
Gibbs fl. 1960
Giglioli fl.1884
Gilbert fl. 1892
Gilchrist fl. 1911
Gill fl. 1884
Giorna fl. 1809
Gmelin fl. 1789
Gomon fl. 1982
Goode fl. 1895
Griffith fl. 1834
Gunnerus fl. 1765
Günther fl. 1867
H
Hamilton fl. 1822
Hamilton-Buchanan fl. 1822
Hector fl. 1975
Heemstra fl. 1980
Hemprich fl. 1899
Henle fl. 1841
Herrmann fl. 1783
Hjort fl. 1912
Holt fl. 1909
Hubbs fl. 1977
Hulley fl. 1966
Hutton fl. 1875
I
Iwamoto fl. 1977
J
Jenyns fl. 1842
Johnson fl. 1862
Jordan fl. 1898, 1902
K
Kannemeyer fl. 1984
Kaup fl. 1856
Klunzinger fl. 1871
Koefoed fl. 1955
Krefft fl. 1976 G. Krefft
Kristnasamy fl. 1975
Krøyer fl. 1845
L
Lacepède fl. 1803
Latham fl. 1794
Latreille fl. 1804
Lay fl. 1839
Leseuer fl. 1818
Lesson fl. 1828
Linnaeus fl. 1758
Lloyd fl. 1908
Lönnberg fl. 1905
Lowe fl. 1840
Lütken fl. 1892
M
Makushok fl. 1976
Marshall – Norman Bertram Marshall (1915–1996) ichthyologist
Matsubara fl. 1936, 1953
Maul fl.1948
McCann fl. 1980
McClelland fl. 1844
McCosker fl. 1882
McCulloch fl. 1915
McKnight fl. 1980
McLeay fl. 1882
Mead fl. 1959
Merrett fl. 1973
Millard – Naomi A. H. Millard (1914–1997) Hydroida
Miyosi fl. 1939
Mukhacheva fl. 1964
Müller fl. 1834
N
Nafpaktitis (x2) fl. 1969
Nakamura fl. 1955
Nardo fl. 1827
Nielsen fl. 1978
Nodder fl. 1785
Norman fl. 1922
O
Ogilby fl. 1899
Olfers fl. 1831
Osorio fl. 1917
P
Pappenheim fl. 1914
Parin fl. 1972
Parr fl. 1928
Paxton fl. 1968
Penrith fl. 1966
Péron fl. 1822
Peters fl. 1855
Petit fl.1934
Pietschmann fl. 1913
Poey fl. 1861
Post fl. 1973
Q
Quoy fl. 1824
R
Radcliffe fl. 1912
Rafinesque fl. 1810
Ramsay fl. 1881
Randall fl. 1882
Regan fl. 1913
Reinhardt fl. 1825
Richardson fl. 1848
Risso fl. 1810
Rofen fl. 1963
Roule fl. 1922
Rüppell fl. 1837
Russell fl. 1979
Ryder fl. 1883
S
Saint Hilaire fl. 1817
Sazonov fl. 1980
Schcherbachev fl.1976
Schinz fl. 1822
Schlegel fl. 1850
Schmidt fl. 1912
Schneider fl. 1923
Schultz fl. 1953
Scott fl. 1976
Seale fl. 1906
Shaw fl. 1785, 1791
Sivertsen fl. 1945
Smale fl. 1985
Smith fl. 1980
Smith fl. 1834
Smith fl. 1912
Snyder fl. 1902
Springer fl. 1950
Starks fl. 1904
Stehman fl. 1990
Steindachner fl. 1867
Strömman fl. 1896
Swart fl. 1923
T
Tåning fl. 1928 Åge Vedel Tåning (1890-1958)
Taylor fl. 1982
Temminck fl. 1850
Thompson fl. 1911
Thunberg fl. 1787
Trewavas fl. 1929
Trinov fl. 1988
U
V
Vahl fl. 1797
Vaillant fl. 1888
Valenciennes fl. 1841
van Bonde fl. 1923
van Hasselt fl. 1823
Verany fl. 1857
W
Waite fl. 1916
Wallace fl. 1967
Waller fl. 1969
Weber fl. 1913
Welsh fl. 1923
Whitley fl. 1931
Williams fl. 1896
Wongratana fl. 1983
X
Y
Z
Zubrigg fl. 1976
Zugmayer fl. 1911
See also
List of authors of names published under the ICZN
List of authors of South African botanical taxa
List of botanists by author abbreviation
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
References
External links
Wikispecies catalogue of taxon authorities
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21001793
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomis%C5%82awice%2C%20Greater%20Poland%20Voivodeship
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Tomisławice, Greater Poland Voivodeship
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Tomisławice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wierzbinek, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately north of Wierzbinek, north-east of Konin, and east of the regional capital Poznań.
References
Villages in Konin County
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639256
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muncy%20Bank%20Ballpark%20at%20Historic%20Bowman%20Field
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Muncy Bank Ballpark at Historic Bowman Field
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Muncy Bank Ballpark at Historic Bowman Field is a minor league baseball stadium in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is home to the Williamsport Crosscutters, a collegiate summer baseball team of the MLB Draft League. The official seating capacity is 2,366. Opened in 1926, Bowman Field is the second-oldest ballpark in minor league baseball. Bowman Field was also the home field for the Wildcats of the Pennsylvania College of Technology for more than a decade through the 2021 baseball season.
Beginning in 2017, Bowman Field is used for a regular-season Major League Baseball (MLB) game, the MLB Little League Classic, held during the Little League World Series each August.
In 2012, Airmen Pond, an outdoor ice hockey rink, was built at Bowman Field. It served as home ice for the Williamsport Outlaws of the Federal Hockey League until their demise in January 2013.
History
Ballparks in Williamsport before Bowman Field
Williamsport has hosted minor league baseball since the late 19th century. The various teams played at differing sites in Williamsport. The earliest ballfield was near the West Branch Susquehanna River. It was long since been replaced by a levee and U.S. Route 220, U.S. Route 15 and Interstate 180. A second and more permanent facility was built in the Vallamont neighborhood. Cochran Elementary School sits on the former site of the ballpark. The Williamsport Billies and later Williamsport Grays played the seasons at Williamsport High School's athletic field on West 3rd Street. It too is long since gone; this property is currently home of the Pennsylvania College of Technology.
Construction and opening
Bowman Field was completed in 1926 to host the city's entry as an original franchise in the New York–Pennsylvania League called the Williamsport Grays. The Grays were a charter member of the New York–Pennsylvania league which was established in 1923. Two of the most important boosters and financial backers of the team were J. Walton Bowman for whom the stadium was named and Thomas Gray, the Lycoming County sheriff, for whom the Grays were named.
The Grays had previously been playing their home games on the athletic field of Williamsport High School. This facility proved to be much too small. A larger and more permanent stadium was needed. A group of civic leaders and baseball boosters lead the drive to construct a new stadium for the Grays on the western side of Williamsport on the banks of Lycoming Creek. An agreement between the Grays and the city was reached in July, 1925 to build what was then known as Memorial Field, which was named for the municipal park in which it is located. J. Walton Bowman headed an 11-member holding company that financed and managed the construction of the ballpark at a cost of $75,000 (equivalent to $ in ). Ground was broken in the fall of 1925 and the stadium opened in time for the beginning of the 1926 New York–Pennsylvania League season.
The original dimensions of Bowman Field were quite large compared to the dimensions of modern baseball fields. Bowman Field measured to the right field foul pole, to dead center field and to the left field foul pole. Another unusual feature of the stadium was a terrace that was located on left field near the fence.
The first game to be played at Bowman Field took place on April 22, 1926, when the Grays hosted the team of nearby Bucknell University in an exhibition. The first professional opponent to appear at Bowman Field was the Harrisburg Colored Giants. The Grays lost two games to the Giants on April 27 and 29. The first New York–Pennsylvania League game took place on May 4. The Grays beat the Shamokin Indians 5-1.
Names
Bowman Field was known as Memorial Field from 1926 until 1929. It was renamed on June 26, 1929, to honor J. Walton Bowman. Bowman was the president of the Grays at the time and instrumental in the effort to fund and construct the stadium. He was additionally honored by the players of the team with a Swiss watch and his granddaughter was given the honor of hoisting a pennant in center field bearing the name "Bowman Field".
In April 2021, under a naming rights agreement between the city of Williamsport and Muncy Bank & Trust, the ballpark's name was changed from BB&T Ballpark at Historic Bowman Field to Muncy Bank Ballpark at Historic Bowman Field. The six-year contract is free for the first year and earns the city $32,500 annually after that.
Eastern League
The Eastern League was at Bowman off and on for nearly 70 years. The Williamsport Grays started play in 1926 in Bowman Field. The final Eastern League team to call the park home was the 1991 Williamsport Bills. That team moved to Binghamton, New York, the next season and became the Binghamton Mets.
The Grays began playing in the forerunner of the Eastern League, the old New York–Pennsylvania League in 1923. The Class B league was made entirely of teams from New York and Pennsylvania. It kept this name until 1938 when the Scranton Miners move to Hartford, Connecticut. Williamsport was a member of the league for 46 years between 1923 and 1991. The teams were known as the Grays, Tigers, A's, Mets, Tomahawks and Bills. Williamsport had affiliations with the Philadelphia A's for three periods, Pittsburgh Pirates, Detroit Tigers, Washington Senators, Philadelphia Phillies, New York Mets, Cleveland Indians for two separate periods, and Seattle Mariners.
The potato incident
Dave Bresnahan was catching for the 1987 Williamsport Bills, who were in seventh place in an eight-team league, playing the last-place Reading Phillies in late-August game. With a runner on third base, Bresnahan switched catcher's mitts and put on a glove in which he had secreted a shaved-down potato. When the pitch came in, Bresnahan fired the white potato down the third-base line, enticing the runner to sprint home. Bresnahan then tagged the runner with the baseball, prompting the umpire to award the runner home plate for Bresnahan's deception, even though he clearly had been tagged out with the ball.
The president of the Eastern League took offense to what he perceived as Bresnahan's affront to the game, banning the grandnephew of Hall of Famer Roger Bresnahan from the league. However, the citizens of Williamsport applauded Bresnahan for his ingenuity, eventually prompting the club to retire his number 59. At the retirement ceremony in 1998, Bresnahan was quoted as saying, "Lou Gehrig had to play in 2,130 consecutive games and hit .340 for his number to be retired, and all I had to do was bat .140 and throw a potato."
New York–Penn League
For the 1994 season, baseball returned to Bowman with the New York–Penn League's Williamsport Cubs. The club became the Crosscutters, a Pittsburgh Pirates farm team, in 1999. Significant stadium upgrades took place prior to the 2002 season. The club became a farm team of the Philadelphia Phillies in 2006. In conjunction with Major League Baseball's reorganization of the minors after the 2020 season, Williamsport left the New York–Penn League and became a collegiate summer baseball team of the newly created MLB Draft League, which is a showcase for draft-eligible players.
Ice hockey–Federal Hockey League
On July 24, 2012, Williamsport mayor Gabriel J. Campana announced that the Williamsport Outlaws of the Federal Hockey League (FHL) would play their 2012–2013 season at an outdoor ice rink built at Bowman Field. The Outlaws were the FHL champions their previous (and first) season, which they played in Wayne, New Jersey, as the "New Jersey Outlaws". On August 1 the Crosscutters and Outlaws agreed to terms regarding restoration of the baseball diamond after the removal of the ice rink at the end of the hockey season, though beer sales at Outlaws games were still an issue (as the Crosscutters hold the liquor license for the stadium). Construction of the ice rink, named Airmen Pond after a local sponsor, began in early October. The rink was also open for public skating and use by local amateur teams.
The ice rink officially opened on October 18, and the first home game of the Outlaws' 60-game season on October 24 drew over 3,000 fans, an FHL record. The Dayton Demonz beat the Outlaws 5–2; temperatures were over for much of the game. Williamsport Ice Arena, a local non-profit group headed by FHL commissioner Don Kirnan, operated the ice rink and rented it to the Outlaws and other users. In November 2012, the non-profit filed an injunction seeking to prevent the rink's builder, Rink Specialists of Naples, Maine, from repossessing it for late payments; both sides alleged breach of contract. The FHL All Star Game was scheduled to be played at Bowman Field on January 2, 2013.
Renovation project
On May 26, 2016, Mayor Gabriel Campana, Peter Freund, Crosscutters principal owner, Crosscutters staff, and other stakeholders broke ground for a first base deck where fans can interact while enjoying food and refreshments. This deck is part of a $3 million project to upgrade one of the oldest baseball parks in the country. The newly announced renovations are being made possible by a $1.25 million RACP Grant by the state. , the renovation decreased the capacity to 2,366.
MLB Little League Classic
On March 9, 2017, Major League Baseball announced that the first MLB Little League Classic would take place on August 20 of that year, during the Little League World Series. In a statement, Commissioner of Baseball Rob Manfred said that the league's "greatest responsibility is to ensure that today’s youth become active participants in our game as players and fans." The St. Louis Cardinals and the Pittsburgh Pirates were selected to play in that game. Tickets to the game were reserved for those involved in the Little League World Series, as well as a limited number of residents of Lycoming County on a lottery basis. The game was televised by ESPN as its weekly Sunday Night Baseball game. Two members of the Cardinals had played in Williamsport during past Little League World Series; outfielder Randal Grichuk for the Lamar Little League team in and , and pitcher Lance Lynn for the Brownsburg Little League team in . Over the last few weeks before the game, the field was renovated to conform to MLB's standards. The outfield dimensions were changed to to right field, to center field, and to left field; prior to this the dimensions measured 351–408–341 from right to left.
Championship teams
Bowman Field has been the home to four championship teams.
1934 Grays, New York–Pennsylvania
1960 Grays, Eastern co-champions
2001 Crosscutters, New York–Penn co-champions
2003 Crosscutters, New York–Penn
References
External links
Williamsport Crosscutters
Bowman Field Views - Ball Parks of the Minor Leagues
Official New York–Penn League Website
Photographs of Historic Bowman Field - Rochester Area Ballparks
Baseball Reliquary's Exhibit of the Bresnahan potato
Minor league baseball venues
Sports venues in Pennsylvania
Baseball venues in Pennsylvania
Williamsport Crosscutters
Buildings and structures in Williamsport, Pennsylvania
Tourist attractions in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania
Sports in Williamsport, Pennsylvania
1926 establishments in Pennsylvania
Sports venues completed in 1926
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60497625
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9o%20Sainte-Luce
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Théo Sainte-Luce
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Théo Sainte-Luce (born 20 October 1998) is a French professional footballer who plays as a left back for Ligue 2 club Nîmes.
Career
A youth product of Chauny, Sainte-Luce joined Nîmes at the age of 17. He made his professional debut for Nîmes in a 3–1 Ligue 1 win over Rennes on 9 April 2019.
Personal life
Sainte-Luce is of Guadeloupean descent.
References
External links
Nîmes Profile
1998 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Aisne
Association football fullbacks
French footballers
French people of Guadeloupean descent
Ligue 1 players
Championnat National players
Championnat National 2 players
Championnat National 3 players
Nîmes Olympique players
Gazélec Ajaccio players
Red Star F.C. players
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55169336
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasete%20Naufahu%20Skeen
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Kasete Naufahu Skeen
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Kasete Naufahu Skeen (born 10 September 1982) is the first Tongan alpine skier to compete at the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships.
Skeen was born in London to an English mother and Tongan father. He grew up in Notting Hill attending Holland Park School.
Skeen competed in the Giant Slalom qualification race at the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2017 held at St Moritz, Switzerland. Whilst training in Val di Fiemme, Italy, Skeen was given the nickname "Il Tomba di Tonga" (The Tomba of Tonga) referring to the Italian alpine ski racer Alberto Tomba
Skeen is also a musician composing and performing on Nero's 2011 album Welcome Reality
References
Tongan male alpine skiers
1982 births
Living people
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36741069
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS%20Springfjord
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SS Springfjord
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SS Springfjord was a cargo steamship that was launched in Norway for a British shipping company in 1939, taken over by Nazi Germany in 1940, re-taken by the United Kingdom in 1945 and destroyed by the CIA in Guatemala in 1954.
In her five years in German service the ship was called Rüdesheimer. For a couple of years after the Second World War she was owned by the UK Government and called Empire Springfjord.
Building
In 1939 Trondhjems mekaniske Værksted (TMV) of Trondheim, Norway built Springfjord as yard number 208. She was launched on 11 November 1939 for Springwell Shipping Co, Ltd of London. Her registered length was , her beam was , her depth was and her tonnage was .
TMV built her three-cylinder triple-expansion steam engine. It was rated at 188 NHP and gave her a speed of .
Springwell created a separate company, Springfjord Shipping Co, Ltd, to own the ship, and registered her in London.
Seized by Germany in Norway
In April 1940, while Springfjord was still being fitted out in Trondheim, Germany invaded Norway. The German authorities had her completed for Deutsche Dampfschiffahrts-Gesellschaft "Hansa" (DDG Hansa) of Bremen, who renamed her Rüdesheimer.
In May 1945 German forces in Norway surrendered to the incoming British military occupation. Rüdesheimer was seized at Tønsberg and transferred to the British Ministry of War Transport. The MoWT added its standard "Empire" prefix to her original name, making her Empire Springfjord. In 1946 the MoWT was dissolved and in 1947 the ship was restored to Springwell Shipping Co Ltd, who reinstated the original version of her name Springfjord.
Napalmed and sunk by the CIA
In 1954 the CIA was engineering a coup d'état in Guatemala to replace its elected government with a dissident Guatemalan colonel, Carlos Castillo Armas. In May 1954 the Swedish cargo ship had evaded US sea and air patrols to deliver a cargo of Czechoslovak armaments to Puerto Barrios on Guatemala's Caribbean coast to augment the elected government's defences. The CIA was determined to prevent any further arms deliveries. This included using a covert "Liberation Air Force", disguised as rebels unconnected with the USA, that the CIA had created to support Colonel Castillo's few hundred rebels.
Early on the morning of 27 June 1954, the day that the CIA coup forced Guatemala's elected President Jacobo Árbenz to resign and flee into exile, Springfjord was under charter to the US shipping company Grace Line and was at Puerto San José, Guatemala loading a mixed cargo that included coffee and 976 bales of cotton.
Anastasio Somoza García pressured the CIA to attack Springfjord, which was done by the pilot Ferdinand Schoup on 27 June 1954. Schoup, flying a Lockheed P-38M Lightning heavy fighter aircraft with no markings, attacked Springfjord with napalm bombs and set her on fire. Springfjord was badly damaged, but on 29 June Lloyd's of London reported that she was still afloat. On 28 June the Guatemalan government told the British chargé d'affaires in Guatemala City that the aircraft belonged to the insurgents.
Responsibility
The US government had ordered the CIA coup partly because it opposed a Guatemalan decree to nationalize unused foreign-owned farmland. A CIA secret memorandum dated 1 July 1955 confirms that the pilot who attacked Springfjord was a US national and that the CIA field command ordered him to do so, but asserts that the field command did not have authorization from CIA Headquarters.
The US United Fruit Company (UFC) owned 42% of Guatemala's agricultural land, and in the UK House of Commons some British Labour Party MPs implied that the UFC was behind the coup. A United Nations fact-finding committee had gone to Central America to investigate events in Guatemala, so on 5 July 1954 the Labour MP Philip Noel-Baker suggested that this committee should investigate whether the UFC had anything to do with obtaining the aircraft used to attack Springfjord. Noel-Baker's Labour colleague John Strachey MP suggested that the UK government should try questioning the UFC.
During the same exchange in the Commons, other Labour MPs pursued the suspicion that the USA had orchestrated the coup. Geoffrey Bing MP asked the Conservative government's Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, Selwyn Lloyd, to ask the US government whether it sold the ammunition to the Guatemalan rebels. Lloyd replied "the hon. and learned Gentleman, in assuming that the United States Government are responsible in some way for this, is, I believe, stating something which is wholly divorced from the truth." George Wigg asked "Will the Minister be good enough to answer "Yes," or "No," to a simple question? Is it a fact that American aircraft, manned by American pilots, machine-gunned Guatemalan civilians and dropped napalm bombs on Guatemala, and that Her Majesty's Government were well aware of that fact?" Lloyd replied "That is certainly not the case. Her Majesty's Government have no information of that kind whatsoever."
On 20 October 1954 the Labour MP Leslie Plummer alleged in the House of Commons that the British Consul at Puerto San José told Springfjords Master, Captain Bradford, to keep silent about the sinking of his ship and took from him a set of photographs of the incident taken by a member of Springfjords crew. The Conservative Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Robin Turton, replied claiming that the British Embassy in Guatemala City had merely asked Bradford "in view of the political situation in Guatemala, to inform them of any statement that he might be making to the Press". Concerning the photographs, Turton claimed that the Vice-Consul had taken the film to be developed and returned it to Captain Bradford a few days later.
Compensation claims
Springfjords owners immediately lodged a claim for compensation with the Guatemalan Embassy in London. The ship insured for £170,000 (equating to about $476,000 at the then US–UK exchange rate) with Lloyd's of London's Norwegian subsidiary Norskelloyd. Her cargo was worth about $1.5 million and was underwritten jointly by 78 US insurers, who reached a settlement of $1,250,386 with her owners. On 13 October the USA, through its embassy in Guatemala, told Col. Castillo to offer $900,000. Castillo agreed and on 19 October gave the offer to the UK's Embassy in Guatemala.
In the UK House of Commons on 8 November 1954 the Labour MP Marcus Lipton asked whether Col. Castillo's military junta had paid any compensation for Springfjords destruction. The new Conservative Foreign Secretary, Anthony Eden, replied that on 16 October 1954 the juntas foreign minister had said his government was prepared to discuss paying "a reasonable sum in compensation" and would instruct the new Guatemalan ambassador to London to do so.
A month later no settlement had been reached, so on 8 December 1954 Lipton asked "...why, in South America, this Government appears to be so flabby in protecting British interests? Is he further aware that the Government have become very unpopular with Lloyds? Robin Turton replied that the Government was not responsible for preparing the claim, and that "legal gentlemen do take a long time over these matters."
The CIA's 1 July 1955 memorandum claims that the UK did not reply to Guatemala's offer, and that therefore on 17 January 1955 the US Embassy in Guatemala suggested to Col. Castillo that he "prod the British for a reply". It claims that the UK replied on 1 March "requesting clarification as to whether the $900,000 was intended to cover only the ship and that portion of the cargo insured in Britain." CIA Headquarters then advised Col. Castillo that the $900,000 was to cover both the ship and her cargo and was to be shared proportionately between the two groups of insurers.
In Guatemala City on 13 June 1955 the UK Embassy told the US Embassy that there had been a news leak about the negotiations between Castillo and the UK. According to the leak, US underwriters had submitted a $1.2 million claim to the Guatemalan Embassy in Washington DC and later raised it to $1.7 million, while UK underwriters had presented the Foreign Office with a claim for $1.3 million. Of that $1.3 million $280,000 was for the cargo, and it was indicated that the Foreign Office considered that part of the claim to be inflated.
The CIA's 1955 memorandum quotes someone, whose identity is erased from the published copy, as advising that "it was doubtful whether the matter could be settled for $900,000" and that A more realistic figure is stated to be $1,500,000 to $2,000,000." The relevant CIA station therefore recommended that Col. Castillo be authorized to increase his offer. CIA Headquarters replied that "additional funds would be made available if necessary but it was added that all possibilities be exhausted before authorizing Castillo to make a settlement".
In July 1957 Col. Castillo was assassinated by one of his own guards, and after a series of short-term successors General Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes became president of Guatemala. A memorandum dated 25 July 1958 from JC King, who was CIA Chief, Western Hemisphere Division states that the claimants' lawyer, Hafael Valls, visited Gen. Ydígoras, was initially well-received but subsequently was expelled from Guatemala. Valls accordingly proposed that the US Government take over leadership of the claim, and withhold any further aid or loans to Guatemala until the claim is settled.
King asserted that all representations for settlement had hitherto been made by British interests and that Gen. Ydígoras was very anti-British. King therefore recommended against the US pursuing the claim as Guatemala would regard this as the US acting on behalf of the UK rather than for itself. For this reason such an approach would be bound to fail and would only make the US unpopular with Gen. Ydígoras and many other Guatemalans. King also warned that Guatemala knew the aircraft that attacked Springfjord was not Guatemalan, and if US pressure to settle the claim provoked Guatemala that country might use its knowledge of the CIA's engineering of the 1954 coup to embarrass the USA. King concluded by stressing that US aid was to improve Guatemala's economy and its people's living standards "in order to eliminate the climate for the growth of Communism", and therefore the US could not risk giving the Springfjord claim precedence over aid to Guatemala.
Eighteen months after King's secret memo there was still no compensation payment, so on 10 February 1960 Marcus Lipton raised the question in the Commons again. The Conservative MP Robert Allan replied that the UK government had repeatedly asked the Guatemalan government to pay compensation for the sinking. Allan stated that "At one time the Guatemalan Government intimated that they would be prepared to pay some compensation, but the amount they offered was totally unacceptable to the claimants."
No compensation had been paid almost 13 years after the attack, so in 1967 Lipton submitted a written question asking the then Labour Government's Foreign Secretary "what steps he has taken to obtain compensation from the Guatemalan Government". On 12 June 1967 William Rodgers MP replied to the Commons that in 1963 Guatemala had suspended diplomatic relations with the UK and since then the UK government had been unable to continue to pursue the claim.
See also
Marcus Lipton#Parliamentary questions
— a British oil tanker bombed and sunk by a CIA aircraft in Indonesia in 1958
References
Sources and further reading
The three-page memorandum is stamped: "CIA Historical Review Program, Release as Sanitized, 2003"
The two-page memorandum is stamped: "CIA Historical Review Program, Release as Sanitized, 2003"
1939 ships
1954 in the United States
Captured ships
Central Intelligence Agency operations
False flag operations
Maritime incidents in 1954
Merchant ships of the United Kingdom
Ministry of War Transport ships
Norway in World War II
Ships built in Trondheim
Ships sunk by US aircraft
Steamships of Germany
Steamships of the United Kingdom
World War II merchant ships of Germany
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20773147
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan%20Huffman
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Joan Huffman
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Joan J. Huffman (born August 17, 1956) is a Republican member of the Texas Senate who represents District 17, which includes a portion of populous Harris County.
On the last day of the 86th Legislature, she was chosen by her colleagues—Democrats and Republicans—to serve as president pro tempore.
Background
A native of Houston, Huffman holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge and a Juris Doctor degree from the South Texas College of Law in Houston. Prior to her Senate tenure, Huffman was judge of the 183rd Criminal District Court in Harris County. Prior to the judgeship she was chief felony prosecutor for the Harris County District Attorney's office.
Political career
Huffman is the chairwoman of the Senate State Affairs Committee, Vice Chairwoman of the Senate Committee on Criminal Justice, and is also a member of the Senate Committee on Finance and the Legislative Budget Board.
She was characterized as the worst Texas Senator by Texas Monthly magazine. She was again included on the Texas Monthly list of worst Texas legislators in 2015, for, among other things, sponsoring an amendment to a bill that would "exclude from personal financial disclosure the holdings of legislators' spouses." He husband, Keith Lawyer, a Houston nightclub owner, had loaned Huffman $500,000 for the 2008 campaign.
Huffman won easy re-nomination to the state Senate in the Republican primary held on March 4, 2014. She defeated her only primary opponent, Derek A. Anthony, 32,962 (81.1 percent) to 7,691 (18.9 percent). She then won the general election on November 4, 2014, beating Democratic candidate Rita Lucido 113,817 (63.34%) to 60,934 (33.91%).
In March 2015, Huffman proposed greater protection against libel for journalists who report whistleblower claims which turn out to have been false but which the reporters believed accurate at the time of media release. Huffman's plan died in her State Affairs Committee.
Despite a strong "blue wave" in Harris County, Huffman won reelection on November 6, 2018, when she defeated her Democratic challenger, Rita Lucido, who had also been her 2014 opponent. Huffman polled 157,910 votes (51.5 percent) to Lucido's 143,465 (46.8 percent). Lucido drew nearly 83,000 more votes in 2018 than she had in 2014. Another 5,380 ballots (1.8 percent) went to the 2018 Libertarian Party choice, Lauren LaCount.
In 2021, Huffman created heavily pro-Republican gerrymandered redistricting maps. The maps vastly expanded the number of safe Republican districts, while failing to add districts where non-whites were a majority despite the fact that 90% of the population growth in Texas was non-white.
References
External links
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1956 births
21st-century American politicians
Living people
Louisiana State University alumni
People from Houston
Presidents pro tempore of the Texas Senate
South Texas College of Law alumni
Texas lawyers
Texas Republicans
Texas state court judges
Texas state senators
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14832683
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoszowice-Kolonia
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Stoszowice-Kolonia
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Stoszowice-Kolonia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stoszowice, within Ząbkowice Śląskie County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Prior to 1945 it was in Germany.
It lies approximately east of Stoszowice, north-west of Ząbkowice Śląskie, and south of the regional capital Wrocław.
References
Stoszowice-Kolonia
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931395
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Gregor
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James Gregor
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James Gregor may refer to:
A. James Gregor (1929–2019), American historian
James Gregor Mackenzie (1927–1992), British Labour Party politician
James Wyllie Gregor (1900–1980), Scottish botanist
James Gregor (writer), Canadian writer
See also
James Grigor (1811–1848), botanist
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25785263
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Fort%20Hood%20shooting%20victims
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List of Fort Hood shooting victims
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List of Fort Hood shooting victims may refer to:
, victims of a shooting in November 2009
Victims of the 2014 Fort Hood shooting, a shooting in April 2014
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33425327
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.%20R.%20Chaya
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B. R. Chaya
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Bengaluru Ramamurthy Chaya, known as B. R. Chaya, is an Indian, Kannada playback singer, stage performer and a popular Sugama Sangeetha singer from Karnataka state. She has performed pop, folk, devotional and bhavageethe (light music). She is recipient of Rajyotsava Prashasti from the State Government of Karnataka and also Karnataka State Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer .
Early days and debut
Chaya was born to Ramamurthy and S. G. Janaki. she worked as a watch mechanic for a few years in HMT after doing a course in horology at RV College, and later represented Karnataka at a Doordarshan national competition in Chennai.
She is currently a judge on Gaana Chandana and has been doing virtual concerts since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Chaya is the first singer to receive the Karnataka State Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer for the song "Ruthumana samputadi" from the movie "Kaadina Benki" in 1988.
Awards and recognitions
2010 – Karnataka Rajyotsava Prashasti
1988 – Karnataka State Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Song: Ruthumana samputadi from Kaadina Benki
1995 – Karnataka State Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Song: Ibbani tabbida ileyali from Rashmi
See also
Bangalore Latha
B. K. Sumitra
Rathnamala Prakash
Chandrika Gururaj
References
External links
Living people
Singers from Bangalore
Kannada playback singers
Indian women playback singers
Indian women pop singers
Kannada people
Film musicians from Karnataka
Women musicians from Karnataka
20th-century Indian singers
21st-century Indian women singers
20th-century Indian women singers
21st-century Indian singers
Karnataka
Singers from Karnataka
Women artists from Karnataka
Recipients of the Rajyotsava Award 2010
1967 births
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25610051
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ACnh%20Li%C3%AAu
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Bình Liêu
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Bình Liêu is a township () and capital of Bình Liêu District, Quảng Ninh Province, Vietnam.
References
Populated places in Quảng Ninh province
District capitals in Vietnam
Townships in Vietnam
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6619063
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Siembieda
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Kevin Siembieda
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Kevin Siembieda (born April 2, 1956) is an American artist, writer, designer and publisher of role-playing games.
Career
Siembieda is a third-generation Polish American. He attended the College for Creative Studies in Detroit from 1974 to 1977. He wanted to be a comic book artist, but found the industry difficult to break into and published a small-press comic (A+ Plus, 1977-1978) with his company: Megaton Publications. In 1979 Siembieda discovered the Dungeons & Dragons Basic Rulebook and joined a role-playing group, the Wayne Street Weregamers, which met at Wayne State University in Detroit (where he befriended Erick Wujcik, who ran the group). Siembieda ran a game for the group, the Palladium of Desires, a combination of AD&D and his house rules. By 1980 the Wayne Weregamers became the Detroit Gaming Centre, with Siembieda its assistant director and Wujcik its director. Siembieda tried to interest gaming companies in his RPG with little interest; only Judges Guild made him an offer, but he accepted a job offer from them instead. He was an artist for Judges Guild for four months before working as a freelance artist for other publishers and trying to sell his RPG to them.
Siembieda is the co-founder and president of Palladium Books. He founded the company in April 1981 to publish his fantasy role-playing game, but had insufficient funds to publish any books; the mother of Bill Loebs loaned Siembieda $1,500 to publish his first RPG book, The Mechanoid Invasion (1981). By 1983 the company was successful enough for Siembieda to rent warehouse space and release his fantasy RPG, the Palladium Fantasy Role-Playing Game with a loan of $10,000 from his friend Thom Bartold who had also loaned him funds to print the other two books in the Mechanoid Trilogy, Journey and Homeworld in 1982. These were not just loans, but investments, and Siembieda established a system of paying royalties not just to the writers and artists, but also to those who lent him the capital needed to print the books: his investors. The following year, he extended his Palladium system to the superhero genre with Heroes Unlimited. A freelancer contacted Siembieda about producing a licensed role-playing game based on the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles comic book. Siembieda obtained the rights, but was dissatisfied with the freelancer's product. Erick Wujcik redesigned the game in five weeks, and it was published in 1985 as Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles & Other Strangeness. Siembieda next obtained the license to publish a game based on the Robotech anime series, designing the Robotech role-playing game published in 1986.
Siembieda wrote the RPG Rifts (1990) as a trade paperback in a two-column format which he laid out by hand. He supported Wujcik in founding his own company, Phage Press. In 1992, Siembieda sued Wizards of the Coast over its first RPG book, The Primal Order; GAMA president Mike Pondsmith helped the parties reach a compromise in March 1993. Siembieda also disagreed with White Wolf magazine and GDW over their magazines' coverage of Palladium games. He demanded that websites devoted to Rifts and Palladium be taken down, claiming that they violated his intellectual property, but softened his stance in 2004. Siembieda fired Bill Coffin due to editorial differences and discontent with the Rifts Coalition Wars, which Siembieda and Coffin co-authored. On April 19, 2006 he announced that Palladium Books was on the verge of bankruptcy, which he blamed on a former employee who was convicted of embezzlement. Siembieda filed a lawsuit on May 7, 2010 against Trion Worlds for its MMORPG Rift: Planes of Telara, and a settlement was reached in October 2010. Role-playing games Siembieda has created include Palladium Fantasy Role-Playing Game (1983), Heroes Unlimited (1984), Robotech (1986), and Rifts (1990). He is also an artist, known for occasionally illustrating Palladium Books products. Siembieda contributed art and cartography to several early Judges Guild products for the Dungeons & Dragons, RuneQuest and Traveller lines.
Siembieda's Robotech RPG Tactics Kickstarter is one of the largest failures in table-top Kickstarter history. The project failed to deliver on its goals and raised over $1.4M. Despite not making its goal and unable to deliver Wave 2, Palladium did not refund money given to the project.
Early illustration credits
Judges Guild
Dungeons & Dragons
- Front cover, interior art; maps (with B. Faust)
- Front cover; interior art (with Gerald Busby and Ed L. Perry)
- Front cover (with Ken Simpson and Rick Houser)
- Interior art.
- Interior art (with Aaron Arocho, Michael D. Reagan and Paul Jaquays)
- Interior art (with A. Arocho, Bob Bingham and P. Jaquays)
- Front cover; interior art (with P. Jaquays)
- Interior art (with P. Jaquays)
- Interior art (with P. Jaquays)
- Interior art
- Interior art (with P. Jaquays)
- Front cover (with Bill Hadley); interior art (with P. Jaquays).
- Interior art (with Brian Wagner, David Allen, Robert Bledsaw, Jr., and Carol Lind).
- Interior art (with P. Jaquays)
- Interior art (with P. Jaquays)
- Interior art (with Pixie Bledsaw, E. L. Perry, and K. Simpson)
- Interior art (with P. Jaquays)
- Interior art (with P. Jaquays)
- Interior art (with K. Simpson, Erin McKee, A. Arocho and E. L. Perry)
- Front cover; interior art (with E. McKee, E. L. Perry and K. Simpson)
- Interior art (with E. McKee, R. Houser, K. Simpson, Paul W. Vinton and the Sorceror's Guild)
RuneQuest
- Interior art (with P. Jaquays and A. Arocho)
- Front cover; interior art (with A. Arocho and B. Faust)
- Front cover
Traveller
- Front cover; interior art (with P. Jaquays)
- Interior art (with A. Arocho and Peter Jenkins)
- Interior art (with P. Jenkins)
Universal Fantasy
- Interior art (with K. Simpson and E. L. Perry)
- Front cover; interior art (with R. Houser, P. Jaquays and J. Mortimer)
- Interior art (with K. Simpson, J. Mortimer and P. W. Vinton)
- Back cover
Judges Guild Journal
[JG 103]
[JG 110] - Front cover, interior art.
[JG 121] - Interior art
[JG 160] - Front cover, interior art
[JG 200] - Interior art
Dungeoneer Journal
[JG 390] - Interior art.
[JG 450] - Front cover, interior art
[JG 470] - Front cover, interior art
Pegasus
[JG 610] - Interior art
[JG 620] - Interior art
[JG 870] - Interior art
[JG 1190] - Interior art
[JG 1210] - Interior art
FASA
- Interior art (with William H. Keith, Jr.)
TSR
(interior art)
Palladium role-playing games
The Mechanoid Invasion (April 1981)
Palladium Fantasy Role-Playing Game (July 1983)
Heroes Unlimited (August 1984)
Robotech (November 1986)
Beyond the Supernatural (October 1987), with Randy McCall
Robotech II: The Sentinels (September 1988)
Rifts (August 1990)
Macross II (July 1993)
Rifts Chaos Earth (June 2003)
Dead Reign (November 2008), with Josh Hilden and Joshua Sanford
References
External links
Palladium Books Online
List of works at RPGnet Game Index
1956 births
Living people
American fantasy writers
American illustrators
American publishers (people)
American science fiction writers
Fantasy artists
Megaverse (Palladium Books)
Writers from Detroit
Role-playing game artists
Role-playing game designers
Science fiction artists
American male novelists
Novelists from Michigan
American people of Polish descent
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60172870
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penola%20Catholic%20College%2C%20Emu%20Plains
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Penola Catholic College, Emu Plains
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Penola Catholic College, Emu Plains (previously McCarthy Catholic College Emu Plains) is an independent Roman Catholic co-educational secondary day school located in the western Sydney suburb of Emu Plains, New South Wales, Australia.
Overview
Penola Catholic College is a Catholic co-educational school for students from Year 7 to Year 12 which currently incorporates a traditional Higher School Certificate pathway for Years 11 and 12.
See also
Catholic Education in the Diocese of Parramatta
List of Catholic schools in New South Wales
Catholic education in Australia
References
Catholic secondary schools in Sydney
Educational institutions established in 1986
1986 establishments in Australia
Emu Plains, New South Wales
Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta
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44855477
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab%20Institute%20of%20Medical%20Sciences
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Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences
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Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS Jalandhar) is a medical college and medical research institute based in Jalandhar, India. Situated in the heart of Punjab’s most vibrant city, with an area spread of more than 55 acres, Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Jalandhar was envisaged by the Govt. Of Punjab (GoP) in 1999 as the first medical college cum teaching hospital in Doaba region. PIMS was conceptualized under Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode by PIMS Society, PIMS Medical and Education Charitable Society, Department of Medical Education & Research and GoP to be a tertiary care teaching hospital. The medical college is affiliated to Baba Farid University of Health Sciences. Presently the premier institute is doing exceptionally well under the administration of Dr. Kulbir Kaur and has a total of 5 M.B.B.S. batches including interns with a strength of more than 700 budding doctors. Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences has an intake of 150 students in every batch annually which makes it one of the most sought after medical college of Doaba region in Punjab.
The hospital has many clinical departments including medicine, general surgery, orthopedics, gynecology/obstetrics, pediatrics, ophthalmology, dermatology and venerology, psychiatry, dentistry, physiotherapy, nephrology, urology, plastic and reconstructive surgery, medical oncology, ENT, chest and TB. The O.P.D. charges are based on P.G.I. norms. The hospital also has pathological, biochemical and microbiological diagnostic facilities with highly specialized laboratories and imagining techniques including X-Ray, Ultrasound and CT scan. The institute has a blood bank, dialysis unit and round the clock emergency services. PIMS also works to serve the society through various charitable endeavors like organizing medical camps and check-ups in areas deprived of medical facilities and has adopted 15 villages in the surrounding area of the city, in which medical camps are organized on regular basis.
The college building consists of classrooms, lecture theatres, labs, museums, a grand central library and a computer centre and has many non clinical departments like anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, community medicine, forensic medicine etc. The college is now offering 4 B.Sc. paramedical and nursing courses also.
See also
Baba Farid University of Health Sciences
PGIMER Chandigarh
List of medical colleges in India
References
External links
Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences
PIMS on MCI Official site
Medical Council of India
Regional Cancer Centres in India
Medical research institutes in India
Medical colleges in Punjab, India
Jalandhar
Educational institutions established in 1999
Hospitals established in 1999
Research institutes in Punjab, India
1999 establishments in Punjab, India
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4091774
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.D.%20Atl%C3%A9tico%20Marte
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C.D. Atlético Marte
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Club Deportivo Atlético Marte, also known as Atlético Marte, is a Salvadorian association football club based in San Salvador.
The club plays in the Primera División de Fútbol Profesional, the top tier of the El Salvador football league system, and host matches at the Estadio Cuscatlán.
Atlético Marte have a long-standing rivalry with their neighbouring club Alianza, with whom they have contested the derby since 1968.
Since its formation in 1950, the club has won eight Primera División titles—in 1955, 1956, 1957, 1969, 1970, 1980–81, 1982, and 1985—and the Segunda División de El Salvador once, in Torneo Clausura 2009).
In 1981, the team was runner-up of the CONCACAF Champions' Cup losing to SV Transvaal of Suriname. Atlético Marte won their inaugural international title, the 1991 CONCACAF Cup Winners Cup with 2 victories over Racing Gonaïves and Leones Negros UdeG and a loss to Comunicaciones F.C.
The club has changed their name several times to C.D. Árabe Marte (1998–99), (1999–00) and C.D. Atlético Marte Quezaltepeque (2006–08). The club returned to the original name in 2008; C.D. Atlético Marte.
In the 1980s, Salvadoran football legend Luis Ramírez Zapata and Norberto Huezo, Ramón Fagoaga, José Luis Rugamas were among their star players.
History
Foundation and early history
The history of Atletico Marte started at the end of the 1940s, when the San Salvadorian team España FC was dissolved.
Emilio Guardado and Carlos Carranza, leaders of the recent dissolved España FC, called a meeting with the players that remained of this team and others in the capital city of San Salvador to give life to another club called Alacranes F.C.
After a year playing under the name of Alacranes F.C., club president Colonel José Castro Melendez called a meeting at the old national gymnasium, and at the initiative of the player Conrado Miranda, it was decided to change the club name to Atletico Marte.
The club was officially born on the 2 June 1950 by the combination of military-related members such as José Castro Melendez, Fidel Quintanilla and Jesús Rodríguez and the general public such as Emilio Guardado, José Santiago Avelar and Armando Carranza.
The original uniform colors were ochre and beige, however with the passage of time the colors were changed to the current blue and white.
One of the most significant events of Atetico Marte was a 2–0 triumph on the home turf of Deportivo Saprissa, the first time a Salvadorian club had defeated a Costa Rican side on the opponent's home turf. The goals were scored by Gustavo "el Bordador" Lucha y Raúl Peña.
Premierships success
The club had played in the Primera División for five years, however it wasn't until the 1955 season under the players-coaches of Conrado Miranda and Isaiah Choto they won their first title. This was done thanks to 1–0 victory over Leones de Sonsonate with the lone goal coming from Fernando "El Gato" Barrios.
The players included Manuel "Tamalón" Garay, Antonio Montes, Armando Larín, Rutilio Rivera, Luis Antonio Regalado "Loco", Conrado Miranda, Gerónimo Pericullo (Argentina), Juan Bautista Pérez (Argentina), Raúl "Pibe" Vásquez (Argentina), Gustavo "el Bordador" Lucha, Fernando "el Gato" Barrios and René Pimentel.
Atletico Marte with the same core group of players from the previous campaign and the inclusion of Guatemalan Gabriel Urriolawere able to capture their second title consecutively, always under the command of Conrado Miranda and Isaiah Choto.
In 1956–57 campaign, the club was rejuvenated with players such as goalkeeper Francisco "Paco" Francés, Argentinian Rodolfo Baello, Guillermo "Loro" Castro, Julio César "Muñeca" Mejía, Mauricio "Pachín" González and many others. The club was able to win their 3rd title.
A winning title would escape the club for more than a decade until 1969 when they won their fourth title thanks to future world cup coach Chilean Hernán Carrasco Vivanco and star players Raúl "Araña" Magaña, Guillermo Castro, Argentinian Rodolfo Baello, José Antonio "Ruso" Quintanilla, Chilean Ricardo Sepúlveda and Sergio Méndez.
This was followed up with their fifth title in 1970 making the second time the club had won back to back title, this time they were reinforced with players such as Francisco Roque, Ernesto Aparicio, Manuel Cañadas, Adonay Castillo, Fernando Villalta, Roberto Morales, Elenilson Franco and Brazilian Odir Jacques.
Atletico Marte once again went a decade without a title, until 1980, when under the technical direction of Armando Contreras Palma and a squad predominately made up of Salvadoran players such as Carlos Felipe Cañadas, Milton Campos, Alfredo Rivera, José Castillo, Jorge Peña, Manuel Ramos, Danilo Blanco, Ramón Fagoaga, Norberto Huezo, Jorge Salomón Campos and Miguel González were able to win their sixth title.
Atletico Marte under the technical direction of Armando Contreras Palma and assistant coach former world cup player Juan Ramón "Mon" Martinez the club was able to win their seventh title i 1982. The tournament was called President Alvaro Alfredo Magaña Cup, in honor of the current president of the republic El Salvador.
This was thanks to a two-game series win over Independiente of San Vicente, the first game was 1–0 victory with a lone goal José Antonio "Tolín" Infantozzi and this was followed with a 2–0 victory with goals by José Antonio "Tolín" Infantozzi and Wilfredo "El Doctorcito" Huezo.
On the 25th of December 1985, Atlético Marte won their eighth and final Primera División title. This was thanks to a 5–2 victory over Alianza with the goals of Atletico Marte coming from Salomón Campos Mezquita, Norberto Huezo, Mario Figueroa (2) and Wilfredo Huezo.
The list of players that helped them win the title included José Luis Rugamas, Alfredo Fagoaga, Marcial Turcios, Santana Cartagena, Danilo Blanco, Guillermo Ragazzone, Nelson Escobar, Norberto Huezo, Salomón Campos, Mauricio Perla, Carlos Meléndez, William "el Pony" Rosales, Uruguayan Raúl Esnal and Mario Figueroa.
Champions of CONCACAF 1992
On the international stage Atlético Marte had reached the final of the 1981 CONCACAF Champions Cup, however they lost the series to the SV Transvaal from Suriname.
However, in 1991, the club was finally recognized internationally thanks to being crowned the champions of the CONCACAF Cup Winners Cup, a competition which was held in Guatemala and had strong clubs such as Universidad de Guadalajara from Mexico, Comunicaciones from Guatemala, Deportivo Saprissa from Costa Rica and Real Estelí from Nicaragua. Atletico Marte finished first in the group with a record of 2 wins and 1 loss.
Relegation to Segundo División
After several attempts to win another domestic title, by assembling top quality national and foreign players, Atletico Marte suffered a massive decline due to administrative mismanagement and eventually entered into economic crisis which led to poor results eventually getting the club relegated at the end of the 2002 season.
Promotion-back to the Primera División
However, leaders of Atletico Marte never gave up on the team and there was always a well publicized effort to return it to the Primera División. It was not until 2004, that the mythical Raul Alfredo "spider" Magaña approached the directors, presenting a draft where it recruited new sponsors and new management.
After almost five years of work, they won the Clausura 2008 title and would contest the winner of the Apertura to determine direct promotion. The loser would contest the ninth place side in the Primera División to determine if there should be promotion/relegation.
Atletico Marte was unsuccessful at apertura and clausura when they lost to Marte Soyapango in a penalty shootout in the semi-final.
On 14 June 2009 Atletico Marte returned to the Primera División by defeating AFI El Roble 1–0, at the Estadio Cuscatlan.
The only goal of this historic victory was by Roberto Maradiaga, and the technician that made possible the rise was the Argentine Ramiro Cepeda, a former player in Martian Segundo División in his first year working as a coach.
Modern era
Atletico Marte's run in the Primera División from 2009 to 2015 was a mix of little to moderate success, excluding the Apertura 2013 season where under the guidance of Guillermo Rivera the team finished first in the league (including a record 14 undefeated matches) and reached the semi-final where they were eliminated by the tournament champion Isidro Metapan 3–2 on aggregate, the team was a middle to low league team.
Although the emergence of talented players such as Gilberto Baires, Ibsen Castro, Otoniel Salinas, Javier Gomez, Anibal Parada, Christopher Ramirez, Christian Esnal, Argentinian Gonzalo Mazzia and Uruguayan Mauro Aldave.
On 3 May 2015, after 7 years of top flight football, Atletico Marte were relegated to the Segundo División despite a 4–1 victory over Dragon. They were knocked out by C.D. Pasaquina by one point. On 18 June 2015 the team purchased a franchise license in the new expansion of the Primera División and would compete in the Primera División for the Apertura 2015 season.
At the end of 2016 clausura season, Atletico Marte were relegated
In April 2020, El Vencedor announced that due to financial hardship they would be releasing their spot in the Primera División to Atletico Marte.
Honours
Domestic
Primera División and predecessors
Champions (8): 1955, 1956, 1957, 1969, 1970, 1980–81, 1982, 1985
Segunda División and predecessors
Champions (1): 2008 Apertura
Promotion Play-off Winners: 2008–2009
CONCACAF
CONCACAF Champions' Cup and predecessors
Runners-up (1): 1981
CONCACAF Cup Winners Cup and predecessors
Champions (1): 1991
Performance in CONCACAF and Domestic competitions
CONCACAF Cup Winners Cup: 2 appearances
Best: Champion in 1991
1991 – Champion
1994 – Quarter-finals
CONCACAF Champions' Cup: 1 appearance
Best: Runner-up in 1981
1981 CONCACAF Champions' Cup: Runners up
<div style="text-align:left">
Copa Interclubes UNCAF: 5 appearances
Best: Third place in 1979
1971 Copa Fraternidad: Fourth place
1972 Copa Fraternidad: Group stage
1979 Copa Fraternidad: Third place
1980 Copa Fraternidad: Group Stage
1983 Copa Fraternidad: Group Stage
Overall seasons table in Primera División de Fútbol Profesional
{|class="wikitable"
|-bgcolor="#efefef"
! Pos.
! Club
! Season In D1
! Pl.
! W
! D
! L
! GS
! GA
! Dif.
|-
|align=center bgcolor=|TBA
|Atlético Marte
|align=center |65
|align=center|1945
|align=center|715
|align=center|600
|align=center|630
|align=center|2872
|align=center|2522
|align=center|+350
|}
Last updated: 17 July 2015
Stadium
Since its establishment in 1950, Atletico Marte stadiums has been:
Estadio Cuscatlán; San Salvador (2017–present)
TBD (TBD) game in Segunda DivisiÓn
Cancha Alfombrada Lirios de Quezaltepeque; Quezaltepeque (2005–2008) games in the
Cancha del Estadio Azteca; Ilopaneco (2016) games in the Segunda DivisiÓn
Estadio Cuscatlán; San Salvador (2001–2005, 2009–2016)
Flor Blanca; San Salvador (1950–2001)
The team plays its home games in the 45,000 capacity all-seater Estadio Cuscatlán, in San Salvador. Previously the team played at Flor Blanca, where they had played their home matches from 1950 until the end of the 2001 season. The stadium in San Salvador. The team's headquarters are located in TBD.
Rivalry
Atletico Marte's chief rivalry is with the San Salvador-based team Alianza F.C., against whom they contest the Derbi capitalino. The two teams met 182 times since 1959, with the Alianza winning 74 matches and Atletico Marte winning 47 games.
Sponsorship
Companies that Atletico Marte currently has sponsorship deals with include:
Arijam Sports – Official Kit Suppliers
Sudagrip - Official sponsors
Total - Official sponsors
OM Diversos - Official sponsors
Sevisal - Official sponsors
Electrolit – Official sponsors
Water Depot – Minor sponsors
Las Perlitas – Minor sponsors
Canal 4 – Minor sponsors
Five Stars – Minor sponsors
Current squad
As of January 2022
Players with dual citizenship
Derby Carrillo
Gabriel Nunez
Out on loan
In
Out
Coaching staff
Management
Notable players
Foreign players
Players with senior international caps:
José Luis Soto
Óscar Mejía
Luis Tatuaca
Rafael Fabricio Pérez
Manuel Camacho
Luis Ernesto Tapia
Jorge Lino Romero
Agustín Castillo
Fidel Suárez
Abdul Thompson Conteh
Alejandro Larrea
Raúl Esnal
Copa America winners
Raúl Esnal – Copa América 1983
Amílcar Cabral Cup winners
Abdul Thompson Conteh – Amílcar Cabral Cup (1993 Amílcar Cabral Cup) & (1995 Amílcar Cabral Cup)
Team captains
Club records
Longest unbeaten run: 20 matches (1985 season)
First and only Salvadoran team to win the CONCACAF Cup Winners Cup (1991)
First coach of El Salvador that won three championships consecutively: Salvadoran Conrado Miranda with Atletico Marte in 1955–57.
First Salvadoran team to win in Costa Rican: defeating Deportivo Saprissa 2-0, 1952.
Head coaches of Atlético Marte
The club's current manager is Salvadoran Nelson Mauricio Ancheta. 12] There have been TBD permanent and TBD caretaker managers of Atletico Marte since the appointment of the club's first professional manager, Emilio Guardado in 1950. The club's longest-serving manager, in terms of both length of tenure and number of games overseen, is TBD, who managed the club between 1996 and 2018. Argentine José Santacomba was Atletico Marte's first manager from outside the El Salvador. Salvadorans Conrado Miranda and Armando Contreras Palma is the club's most successful coach, having won three Primera División titles; followed closely by Chilean Hernán Carrasco Vivanco, who won two Primera División titles.
List of presidents
Atletico Marte have had numerous presidents over the course of their history, some of which have been the owners of the club, others have been Military rulers. Here is a complete list from when Jesús Rodolfo Rodríguez took over at the club in 1950, until the present day.
Notes
https://www.lacarnerds.com/
References
External links
Football clubs in El Salvador
Football clubs in San Salvador
Association football clubs established in 1950
1950 establishments in El Salvador
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60243879
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svetloye
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Svetloye
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Svetloye () is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
Svetloye, Altai Krai, a selo in Zavyalovsky District, Altai Krai
Svetloye, Astrakhan Oblast, a village in Ikryaninsky District, Astrakhan Oblast
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64018299
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontoon%20%28banking%20game%29
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Pontoon (banking game)
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Pontoon, formerly called Vingt-Un, is a card game of the banking family for three to ten players and the "British domestic version of Twenty-One," a game first recorded in 17th-century Spain, but which spread to France, Germany and Britain in the late 18th century, and America during the early 19th century. It is neither a variant of nor derived from Blackjack. Both are descended from the early British version of Vingt-Un. In Britain, it first became known as Pontoon during the First World War, the name apparently being a soldier's corruption of its former French name. The game has no official rules and varies widely from place to place. It is a popular family game, but also widely played by children, students, and members of the armed forces. In 1981, Pontoon was the third most popular card game in Britain after Rummy and Whist. It has been described as "an amusing round game and one which anyone can learn in a few minutes."
History
Vingt-Un is first recorded in the second half of the 18th century in France, Britain and Prussia, but its first rules were published in 1800 in Britain, and elaborations of this simple game were developed over the course of the 19th century. The name "Pontoon" appeared during the First World War and appears to be a soldier's corruption of Vingt-Un. It is recorded as such in 1917 by an American soldier who served with the British during the First World War, where he describes Pontoon as one of the pastimes played by "Tommy" when off duty and equates it to the American "Black Jack or Twenty-One", adding that "the banker is the only winner." Another name that was probably also a mispronunciation was Van John.
It took time for the new name to be established; in 1939 it was still referred to as Vingt-et-Un with the name Pontoon being given as an alternative. The game's popularity continued unabated such that, by 1981, it had become the 3rd most popular card game in Britain after Rummy and Whist, a phenomenon possibly helped by the prominence of its casino game forms known as Blackjack or Twenty-One. Unlike the latter, however, it has no official rules and consequently its manner of play varies widely from place to place. It is very much an informal family game, but is also popular with children, students, workers and members of the armed forces.
Rules
The following rules give a brief illustration of the development of Pontoon from its progenitor Vingt-Un as it was played around 1800, to the more elaborated rules developed during the 19th century and finally to Pontoon as it is typically played today.
Cards
The game is played with a standard, 52-card, French-suited pack, without Jokers. The values of the cards are as follows: an Ace scores 1 or 11 as desired; court cards score 10 each and the pip cards score their face value. If the two cards dealt to a player (excluding any subsequently drawn) are an Ace and a court card or an Ace and a Ten, they score 21 exactly and the combination is called a natural or a natural vingt-un.
The game may be played by two or more players, six or eight being best according to "Trumps" and five or six according to Arnold, who sets an upper limit of ten players. Phillips and Westall suggest the use of a second pack if more than seven play. "Trumps" merely states that two or more packs may be combined "if the party is large".
Vingt-Un (1800)
The following is a summary of the earliest known rules for Vingt-Un, published in the 1800 edition of Hoyle's Games.
The first dealer is chosen by any agreed method, e.g. the first player to turn up an Ace becomes the dealer. It is likely that deal and play were clockwise and that players staked a fixed amount before the deal, but the rules are vague on these points.
The dealer deals two cards to each player, one at a time. He then asks each player, in rotation and beginning with eldest hand (to his left), whether he wants to 'stand' or choose another card. In the latter case, the dealer gives him the top card from the pack. The player may continue to ask for more cards until he reaches or exceeds a score of 21 or decides to stand. If he exceeds 21, he immediately throws his cards up and pays his stake to the dealer.
The dealer may also draw additional cards and, on taking Vingt-un, receives double stakes from all who stand, except those who also have 21, with whom it is a drawn game. When any opponent has 21, but the dealer does not, the dealer pays double stakes. If no-one has 21, the dealer pays a single stake to those whose score is higher than his and receives a single stake from those whose score is lower. Any player with the same score as the dealer neither pays nor receives a stake. If the dealer exceeds 21, he pays all who have not 'thrown up' their cards.
The first player in rotational order who declares a Natural Vingt-Un takes over as the next dealer and earns a double stake from all players except those who also have one, who need not pay anything. The new dealer reshuffles the pack and deals afresh. Otherwise, the cards must be dealt out in succession, the pone (youngest hand) collecting the cards that have been played and shuffling them until the pack is exhausted, whereupon the same dealer re-deals.
Vingt-Un (1850)
By 1850, the rules had been elaborated as follows:
The deal rotates clockwise every time a natural vingt-un occurs. The custom that the player holding the natural vingt-un takes over the deal is an "old mode of play" that many still adhered to. If the natural vingt-un occurs in the first round, the dealer is allowed a misericorde (reprieve) and retains the deal.
After the dealer has dealt the first card each, face down, each player places a stake on it; it may be as low as a single counter. At this point, the dealer looks at his card and may announce "double", which doubles all the stakes. He then distributes the second card to each player and, lastly, to himself.
The dealer now looks at his cards and, if he has a natural vingt-un he declares it and collects double stakes. Otherwise he proceeds as before, inviting players to stand or call for more cards, one by one. A player exceeding 21 is said to be 'overdrawn'. When the dealer has gone around everyone else, he turns his own cards face up and may stand or add to his hand as well. Those scoring the same or less, pay him their stake; those scoring more receive the same amount as their stake from the dealer and those who have a vingt-un receive double. If by drawing, the dealer scores exactly 21, he receives double stakes, excepting any ties and those who have already thrown up. If he exceeds 21, he pays all who stand, paying any vingt-uns double.
If a player has a natural vingt-un but the dealer does not, he does not, as in the 1800 rules, receive a double stake from each player, but only settles with the dealer.
Pairs and Triplets. If a player or the dealer turns up a pair, e.g. two Kings, he may 'go on both' and play them as separate hands. Likewise if the 3rd card is of the same rank, three hands may be played.
. After the cards have been cut, the dealer may look for the i.e., a natural vingt-un formed by the top and bottom cards of the pack. These cards are thrown out and mixed with those collected by the poney. clears the board of stakes (one or two counters levied on each player at the start of the game) or takes the amount of the limit (e.g. 6d) from each player, as agreed.
Pontoon (1939)
The following rules for Vingt-et-Un (Pontoon) are based on Phillips and Westall (1939).
The player who draws the highest card becomes the first dealer and is known as the Banker. The game is played for stakes: money, counters or matches.
After the first card is dealt, players look at their cards before placing a stake of their choosing up to an agreed limit. Again, the dealer may double the stakes after looking at his card. Any player who has a Natural on receiving his second card, declares it immediately, exposes his cards and, unless the dealer also has a Natural, is paid treble and takes the Bank for the next deal. If more than one player has a Natural, the one nearest the dealer's left takes it.
Player are now asked whether they wish to 'buy' or 'twist' any more cards. Players may buy cards by giving as many counters for them as they like (e.g. "buy one for two"), up to their original stake; the card is then passed to them face down. Players may ask for a twisted card ("twist me one"), which is passed face upwards. A player cannot buy a card once he has had one twisted. Once satisfied with their cards, players announce "stand". A player exceeding 21 must declare that he is 'busted'.
Players who are busted, pay their stake to the dealer. If the dealer has a Natural, he receives single stakes from any player who has a Natural, double stakes from any player who has 21 or "five and under" and treble stakes from the others. If the dealer has 12 or "five and under", he receives a single stake from any player who has the same, and double stakes from the rest. Otherwise the dealer pays double to anyone with 21 or "five and under" and single stakes to any player whose total is better than his own. He receives single stakes from anyone who scores less than him. A player with the same score also has to pay.
Pairs may be played as two separate hands by announcing "split", but the is not known. The Bank does not pass on a split Natural.
Pontoon (2011)
The rules of modern Pontoon vary widely. Those below are based on a description by Arnold of the standard rules. All is as in the 1939 rules except as follows.
The first player to draw a Jack becomes the dealer or banker. Players place stakes of any value between the agreed lower and upper limits after looking at their first card. The banker may not look at his cards or double the stakes. Any player who holds a pontoon (Ace and 10-point card) on being dealt his second card declares it immediately and places it on the table.
As before, the banker then asks each player in turn what they wish to do: stand or 'stick', buy or twist. A player may not stand on a score of lower than 16. A player may buy up to 5 cards, which beats everything except a pontoon. A player may not buy a fifth card unless he already has 12 points. He may, however, twist. Players do not pay for twisted cards, but may not buy after having twisted. Players who have busted, lose their stake and pass their cards to the banker who places them face down under the pack. Players do not show their cards during this process. Players may only split if they have two (or more) Aces.
Once the banker has gone around all the players, he exposes his two cards. If he has a pontoon, he claims all remaining stakes, even from players with a pontoon themselves. Otherwise he may stand or deal himself more cards. He may not split. If he has a five-card hand, he beats all other hands except a pontoon. The banker wins all ties. If he busts, he pays all those still in the game. A player with a pontoon is paid double, unless it is part of a split hand. The banker is not paid double for a pontoon.
Once a player beats the banker with a pontoon, he takes over the deal if he wishes. If two or more players have a pontoon, positional priority applies.
Related games
Blackjack or Black Jack is the American descendant of British Vingt-Un.
Vingt-Un or Vingt-et-Un is the French ancestor of the group.
Siebzehn und Vier is the German variant.
Trente et Un or Trente-Un is an older game played to 31 points.
Onze et Demi is a French game played to 11½ points.
Sette e Mezzo is a similar Italian game played with 40 cards.
Quinze is an old French game played to 15 points.
Footnotes
References
Literature
Arnold, Peter (2011). Chambers Card Games. London: Chambers Harrap.
Bohn, Henry G. (1850). The Hand-Book of Games. London: Harrison.
Grupp, Claus (1976). Glücksspiele mit Kugel, Würfel und Karten, Wiesbaden: Falken Verlag.
Jones, Charles (1800). Hoyle’s Games Improved. New, considerably enlarged, rev. & corrected edn. London: Ritchie.
Morehead, Albert H., Richard L. Frey and Geoffrey Mott-Smith (1991). The New Complete Hoyle Revised, New York.
Morehead, Albert H. and Geoffrey Mott-Smith (1983). Hoyle’s Rules of Games 2nd revised edition. A Signet Book.
Parlett, David (1992). The Oxford Dictionary of Card Games, Oxford.
Parlett, David (1990). The Oxford Guide to Card Games, Oxford.
Phillips, Hubert and Westall B.C. (1939). The Complete Book of Card Games. London: Witherby.
"Trumps" (1870). Cassino, Vingt-Un, Brag, and All-Fours. London: Milner and Sowerby.
Waddingtons. (1981). National Playing Card Survey, Leeds: Waddingtons Playing Card Co. April 1981.
Banking games
British gambling games
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6803455
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosnang
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Mosnang
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Mosnang is a village and municipality in the constituency (Wahlkreis) of Toggenburg in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen.
History
Mosnang is first mentioned in 854 as Masinang.
Geography
Mosnang has an area, , of . Of this area, 47.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while 48.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 3.8% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (0.2%) is non-productive (rivers or lakes).
The municipality is located in the Toggenburg Wahlkreis. It consists of the villages of Mosnang, Mühlrüti and Libingen as well as the hamlets of Dreien and Wiesen. The municipality also includes Hulftegg Pass.
Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules a Pine Tree Vert issuant from Coupeaux of the same.
Demographics
Mosnang has a population (as of ) of . , about 2.3% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Of the foreign population, (), 8 are from Germany, 6 are from Italy, 10 are from ex-Yugoslavia, 5 are from Austria, 12 are from Turkey, and 12 are from another country. Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 0.7%. Most of the population () speaks German (98.4%), with English being second most common ( 0.2%) and Serbo-Croatian being third ( 0.2%). Of the Swiss national languages (), 2,847 speak German, 4 people speak French, 4 people speak Italian, and 3 people speak Romansh.
The age distribution, , in Mosnang is; 475 children or 16.4% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 548 teenagers or 18.9% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 298 people or 10.3% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 450 people or 15.5% are between 30 and 39, 375 people or 13.0% are between 40 and 49, and 258 people or 8.9% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 236 people or 8.2% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 162 people or 5.6% are between 70 and 79, there are 79 people or 2.7% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 13 people or 0.4% who are between 90 and 99.
there were 221 persons (or 7.6% of the population) who were living alone in a private dwelling. There were 429 (or 14.8%) persons who were part of a couple (married or otherwise committed) without children, and 2,036 (or 70.4%) who were part of a couple with children. There were 103 (or 3.6%) people who lived in single parent home, while there are 12 persons who were adult children living with one or both parents, 19 persons who lived in a household made up of relatives, 6 who lived household made up of unrelated persons, and 68 who are either institutionalized or live in another type of collective housing.
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the CVP which received 43.3% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (37%), the FDP (6.6%) and the Green Party (4.7%).
In Mosnang about 67.2% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Out of the total population in Mosnang, , the highest education level completed by 695 people (24.0% of the population) was Primary, while 921 (31.8%) have completed their secondary education, 189 (6.5%) have attended a Tertiary school, and 138 (4.8%) are not in school. The remainder did not answer this question.
The historical population is given in the following table:
Economy
, Mosnang had an unemployment rate of 0.7%. , there were 400 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 173 businesses involved in this sector. 218 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 39 businesses in this sector. 329 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 70 businesses in this sector.
the average unemployment rate was 1.2%. There were 272 businesses in the municipality of which 42 were involved in the secondary sector of the economy while 65 were involved in the third.
there were 691 residents who worked in the municipality, while 697 residents worked outside Mosnang and 138 people commuted into the municipality for work.
Religion
From the , 2,400 or 82.9% are Roman Catholic, while 273 or 9.4% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there is 1 individual who belongs to the Christian Catholic faith, there are 8 individuals (or about 0.28% of the population) who belong to the Orthodox Church, and there are 14 individuals (or about 0.48% of the population) who belong to another Christian church. There is 1 individual who is Jewish, and 17 (or about 0.59% of the population) who are Islamic. There are 2 individuals (or about 0.07% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 83 (or about 2.87% of the population) belong to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 95 individuals (or about 3.28% of the population) did not answer the question.
Notable people
Ivo Rüthemann, ice hockey player for SC Bern
Maria Walliser, alpine skier, world champion 1987 and 1989 in downhill and in 1987 in super-G, born 1963
References
External links
Mosnang Online Official website
Municipalities of the canton of St. Gallen
Toggenburg
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15887425
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89curey-en-Verdunois
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Écurey-en-Verdunois
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Écurey-en-Verdunois () is a commune in the Meuse department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
See also
Communes of the Meuse department
References
Ecureyenverdunois
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60926432
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst%20Bessel%20Hagen
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Ernst Bessel Hagen
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Ernst Bessel Hagen (who published under the name Ernst Hagen; 31 January 1851 – 15 January 1923) was a German Applied and Experimental Physicist. With Heinrich Rubens, he identified the so-called Hagen-Rubens equation (1903).
Life
Carl Ernst Bessel Hagen was born in Königsberg (rebuilt and relaunched as Kaliningrad after 1945), eldest of the three recorded sons of the banker-politician Adolf Hermann Hagen (1820–1894) by his first marriage, which was to Johanna Louise Amalie Bessel (1826–1856). Both his grandfathers were distinguished members of the German academic community. Carl Heinrich Hagen (1785–1856) was a socio-economist, a professor of jurisprudence and, between 1811 and 1835, a senior Prussian government official (Regierungsrat). Friedrich Bessel (1784 - 1846) was a pioneering astronomer, mathematician, physicist and geodesist.
He graduated successfully from the Heinrich Schliemann Gymnasium (secondary school) in 1871 and went on to study university level Maths, Physics and Chemistry at Berlin and Heidelberg. In Heidelberg, between 1873 and 1875 he combined his studies with work as an assistant to Robert Bunsen. It was Bunsen who supervised him for his doctorate, which he received in 1875. There followed two years at the Dresden Polytechnikum where he worked as a research assistant with August Toepler (whose design for a mercury vacuum pump he subsequently improved). Then, for six years between 1878 and 1883, he worked with Hermann von Helmholtz at Berlin. It was at Berlin that in 1883 he received his habilitation for work on the thermal expansion of alkali metals. He then worked as a "Privatdozent" (loosely, "pre-professor") of Physical Observational Methodology ("Physikalische Beobachtungsmethodik"), and later of Physiological Optics ("Physiologische Optik").
In 1884. Hagen undertook a study trip to the United States to investigate the infant technology of electric lighting. He followed this up in 1885 with a book which did much to raise his public and academic profile. He found himself frequently called upon by public bodies to share his expertise on the subject.
He then returned to the Dresden Polytechnikum where he served as extraordinary professor for Applied Physics and Director at the institution's newly founded Electro-Technology Laboratory between 1884 and 1888. In 1887 he was appointed chief Electrical Engineer and Physicist with the Imperial Navy and Admiralty Commission in Kiel. Then.in 1893, he was appointed to direct Department II ("zweite Abteilung") of the "National Physical-Technical Institute" ("Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt" / PTR) which had been set up six years earlier in Berlin-Charlottenburg under the overall direction of his old mentor, Hermann von Helmholtz. Hagen remained at the PTR till his retirement in 1918. His retirement from the institute was attributed to "health grounds" rather than to his age. Sources indicate that organisational changes introduced after the PTR came under the control of Emil Warburg (shortly before the outbreak of the First World War) also contributed to Hagen's decision to retire when he did.
Hagen's other appointments during these years included membership, from 1894, of the Imperial Standards Commission ("Kaiserliche Normaleichungskommission"). Between 1895 and 1908 he was a part-time member of the patent office. He was also actively involved in the governance of the Deutsches Museum in Munich.
Hagen-Rubens equation
Between 1897 and 1908 Hagen teamed up with Heinrich Rubens to research reflection and emission from electromagnetic radio waves through metal, and to investigate their relationships with electrical conductivity. This work led to the identification of the so-called Hagen-Rubens equation (1903), which defines the relationship between optical reflection and electrical conductivity as an approximation in the range of the infrared spectrum. Hagen was also involved with Rubens' extensive investigations into black body transmittance. The work undertaken by Hagen and Rubens had the effect of confirming Maxwell's equations, notably with respect to the three-vector elements of a constant, non-frequency dependent conductivity up to the infrared frequency range.
Personal
In 1896 Ernst Bessel Hagen married Wilhelmine von Bezold (1870–1939) in Berlin. Her father was the notable meteorologist Prof. Wilhelm von Bezold (1837-1907). The marriage produced two recorded sons.
Ernst Bessel Hagen's younger brother, Fritz Karl Bessel-Hagen (1856-1945) also achieved a measure of notability as an eminent Berlin surgeon who in 1880, while still a student, was involved in the reburial of the body of Immanuel Kant. (He later wrote about it.)
References
Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
Heidelberg University alumni
20th-century German physicists
Scientists from Königsberg
1851 births
1923 deaths
19th-century German physicists
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