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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block%20%28basketball%29
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Block (basketball)
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In basketball, a block or blocked shot occurs when a defensive player legally deflects a field goal attempt from an offensive player to prevent a score. The defender is not allowed to make contact with the offensive player's hand (unless the defender is also in contact with the ball) or a foul is called. In order to be legal, the block must occur while the shot is traveling upward or at its apex. A deflected field goal that is made does not count as a blocked shot and simply counts as a successful field goal attempt for shooter plus the points awarded to the shooting team. For the shooter, a blocked shot is counted as a missed field goal attempt. Also, on a shooting foul, a blocked shot cannot be awarded or counted, even if the player who deflected the field goal attempt is different from the player who committed the foul. If the ball is heading downward when the defender hits it, it is ruled as goaltending and counts as a made basket. Goaltending is also called if the block is made after the ball bounces on the backboard (NFHS excepted; the NCAA also used this rule until the 2009–10 season).
Nicknames for blocked shots include "rejections," "stuffs," "bushed", "fudged", or notably "double-fudged" (two-handed blocks), "facials," "swats," "denials," and "packs." Blocked shots were first officially recorded in the NBA during the 1973–74 season.
Largely due to their height and position near the basket, centers and power forwards tend to record the most blocks, but shorter players with good jumping ability can also be blockers, an example being Dwyane Wade, the shortest player, at 6'4", to record 100 blocked shots in a single season. A player with the ability to block shots can be a positive asset to a team's defense, as they can make it difficult for opposing players to shoot near the basket and, when keeping the basketball in play, as opposed to swatting it out of bounds, a blocked shot can lead to a fast break, a skill Bill Russell was notable for. To be a good shot-blocker, a player needs great court sense and timing, and good height or jumping ability. One tactic is that a shot-blocker can intimidate opponents to alter their shots, resulting in a miss.
Chase-down block
A chase-down block occurs when a player pursues an opposing player who had run ahead of the defense (as in a fast break), and then blocks their shot attempt. Often, the block involves hitting the ball into the backboard as the opponent tries to complete a lay-up. One of the most recognized chase-down blocks was then-Detroit Pistons' Tayshaun Prince's game-saving block on Reggie Miller in Game 2 of the 2004 NBA Eastern Conference Finals against the Indiana Pacers. Pistons announcer Fred McLeod, who first witnessed this style of blocks from Prince, created the chase-down term later with the Cleveland Cavaliers. During the 2008–09 NBA season, the Cavaliers began tracking chase-down blocks, crediting LeBron James with 23 that season and 20 the following season. Another landmark chase-down block occurred in the 2016 NBA Finals when LeBron James, in the closing minutes of the 4th quarter delivered what became known as "The Block" on a lay-up attempt by Andre Iguodala with the score tied at 89 and 01:50 remaining in the game.
Shot-blocking records in the NBA
Most blocks in a single game: Elmore Smith (17)
Most blocks in a single half: Elmore Smith, George T. Johnson, Manute Bol (11 each)
Most blocks per game in a season: Mark Eaton (5.56)
Most career blocks: Hakeem Olajuwon (3,830)
Most blocks per game in a career: Mark Eaton (3.50)
Most blocks in NBA Finals game: Dwight Howard (9)
Most blocks in a non-NBA Finals playoff game: Andrew Bynum, Hakeem Olajuwon, Mark Eaton (10 each)
Shot-blocking records in NCAA Division I
Men
Most career blocks: Jarvis Varnado – Mississippi State (564) (2006–10)
Most blocks single season, player: David Robinson – Navy (207) (1985–86)
Most blocks per game single season, player: Shawn James – Northeastern (6.53) (2005–06)
Most blocks single season, team: Kentucky (344) (2011–12)
Women
Most career blocks: Brittney Griner – Baylor (736) (2009–13)
Most blocks single season, player: Brittney Griner – Baylor (223) (2009–10)
Most blocks per game single season, player: Brittney Griner – Baylor (6.4) (2009–10)
Most blocks single season, team: Baylor (310) (2011–12)
See also
List of National Basketball Association career blocks leaders
List of National Basketball Association season blocks leaders
List of National Basketball Association players with most blocks in a game
List of NCAA Division I men's basketball career blocks leaders
List of NCAA Division I men's basketball season blocks leaders
List of NCAA Division I men's basketball players with 13 or more blocks in a game
Footnotes
Brittney Griner's 736 career blocks is recognized as the all-time NCAA record, men's or women's. Hall of Famer Anne Donovan, who played for Old Dominion from 1979 to 1983, recorded 801 blocks while playing in the AIAW, therefore her total is not recognized as an NCAA achievement.
References
External links
Career block leaders on Basketball-Reference.com
Basketball terminology
Basketball statistics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaiian%20Airlines
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Hawaiian Airlines
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Hawaiian Airlines ( ) is the largest operator of commercial flights to and from the U.S. state of Hawaii. It is the tenth-largest commercial airline in the United States, and is based at Honolulu, Hawaii. The airline operates its main hub at Daniel K. Inouye International Airport on the island of Oʻahu and a secondary hub out of Kahului Airport on the island of Maui. The airline also maintained a crew base at Los Angeles International Airport. Hawaiian Airlines operates flights to Asia, American Samoa, Australia, French Polynesia, Hawaii, New Zealand, and the United States mainland. Hawaiian Airlines is owned by Hawaiian Holdings, Inc. of which Peter R. Ingram is the current President and Chief Executive Officer.
Hawaiian is the oldest US carrier that has never had a fatal accident or a hull loss throughout its history, and frequently tops the on-time carrier list in the United States, as well as the fewest cancellations, oversales, and baggage handling issues.
History
Early years (1929–1984)
Inter-Island Airways (Hawaiian: ), the forerunner of the airline which is now known as Hawaiian Airlines, was incorporated on January 30, 1929. Inter-Island Airways, a subsidiary of Inter-Island Steam Navigation Company, began operations on October 6, 1929, with a Bellanca CH-300 Pacemaker, providing short sightseeing flights over Oʻahu. Scheduled service began a month later on November 11 using Sikorsky S-38s with a flight from Honolulu to Hilo, via intermediary stops on Molokaʻi and Maui.
On October 1, 1941, the name was changed to Hawaiian Airlines when the company phased out the older Sikorsky S-38 and Sikorsky S-43 flying boats. The first Douglas DC-3s were added to the fleet in August 1941, some examples remaining in operation until final retirement in November 1968.
Modern pressurized equipment was introduced from 1952 in the form of the Convair 340. Further Convair 440s were added in 1959–60, most of the Convairs being converted to turbine propeller power in 1965–67. The last were sold in 1974.
Hawaiian Airlines started to offer jet service in 1966 with the acquisition of Douglas DC-9-10 aircraft, which cut travel times in half on most of its routes.
Growth outside Hawaii (1984–1994)
Hawaiian Airlines began to expand its footprint throughout the 1980s, as the result of intense competition on inter-island routes created by the entrance of Mid Pacific Air into the market. In 1985, the company began its first foray outside the inter-island market through charter services to the South Pacific and then throughout the rest of the Pacific using Douglas DC-8 aircraft. Despite the early successes of this new business, Hawaiian was forced to curtail its charter services when the Federal Government banned all DC-8 and B707 aircraft without hush kits from operating within the US. Hawaiian did, however, manage to gain a short exemption for its South Pacific services.
Soon after, in early 1985, the company received the first two of its leased Lockheed L-1011 TriStars. One aircraft was used to launch Hawaiian's first scheduled operation out of Hawaiʻi, daily Honolulu-Los Angeles services. This new service put Hawaiian in direct competition with the major US air carriers for the first time in its history. Throughout 1985 and 1986, Hawaiian Airlines added additional L-1011s to its fleet and used them to open up services to other West Coast gateway cities such as San Francisco, Seattle, Portland, Las Vegas, and Anchorage, which placed Hawaiian in further competition against the major US airlines.
Meanwhile, Hawaiian Airlines also entered the new international markets of Australia and New Zealand in 1986 with one-stop services through Pago Pago International Airport. Hawaiian also aggressively grew its international charter business and pursued military transport contracts. This led to a large growth in the company's revenues and caused its inter-island service's share of revenues to shrink to just about a third of the company's total.
During the 1980s, Hawaiian also embarked on the development and construction of Kapalua Airport on west side of Maui. Opened in 1987, the airport was designed with a 3,000-foot runway, which constrained its ability to handle large aircraft. As a result, when the airport first opened, Hawaiian Airlines was the only inter-island carrier with aircraft capable of serving the airport. With its de Havilland Canada DHC-7 Dash 7 turboprops, Hawaiian had a distinct competitive advantage in the Maui market.
Heading into the 1990s, Hawaiian Airlines faced financial difficulties, racking up millions of dollars in losses throughout the previous three years. Due to the airline's increasingly unprofitable operations, it filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in September 1993. During this time, the company reduced many of its costs: reorganizing its debt, wrestling concessions from employees, cutting overcapacity, and streamlining its fleet by disposing many of the planes it had added to its fleet just a few years earlier.
As part of Hawaiian's restructuring, it sold Kapalua Airport to the State of Hawaii in 1993. Hawaiian soon after discontinued service to the airport as it retired its Dash 7 fleet. The retirement of the Dash 7 in 1994 also resulted in the airline operating a more streamlined all-jet fleet as it exited bankruptcy in September 1994.
All jet fleet (1994–2003)
To replace its retired DC-8s and L-1011s, Hawaiian Airlines leased six DC-10s from American Airlines, who continued to provide maintenance on the aircraft. An agreement with American also included participation in American's SABRE reservation system and participation in American Airlines' AAdvantage frequent flyer program. The DC-10s were subsequently retired between 2002 and 2003. The company replaced these leased DC-10s with 14 leased Boeing 767 aircraft during a fleet modernization program that also replaced its DC-9s with new Boeing 717 aircraft. The Boeing aircraft featured an updated rendition of the company's "Pualani" tail art, which had appeared on its Douglas aircraft since the 1970s. A new design was updated by a local artist Mauriel Morejon. -2001-. Pualani, which means “flower of the sky”, the key icon of Hawaiian’s brand for more than four decades, continues to feature on the tail of the aircraft; beneath her, a silver maile lei with woven pakalana flowers wraps around the fuselage.
Second bankruptcy and reorganization (2003–2005)
In March 2003, Hawaiian Airlines filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection for the second time in its history. The airline continued its normal operations, and at the time was overdue for $4.5 million worth of payments to the pilots' pension plan. Within the company, it was suggested that the plan be terminated. As of May 2005, Hawaiian Airlines had received court approval of its reorganization plan. The company emerged from bankruptcy protection on June 2, 2005, with reduced operating costs through renegotiated contracts with its union work groups; restructured aircraft leases; and investment from RC Aviation, a unit of San Diego-based Ranch Capital, which bought a majority share in parent company Hawaiian Holdings Inc in 2004.
Post-bankruptcy (2005–2012)
On October 1, 2005, Hawaiian Airlines began nonstop daily flights from Honolulu to San Jose, California. This made San Jose the fifth gateway city in California to be serviced by Hawaiian; the others were Los Angeles, San Diego, Sacramento, and San Francisco.
On May 4, 2006, Hawaiian Airlines expanded service between the US mainland and Hawaii in anticipation of the induction of four additional Boeing 767-300 aircraft, primarily focused on expanding non-stop service to Kahului Airport from San Diego, Seattle, and Portland. Additional flights were also added between Honolulu and the cities of Sacramento, Seattle, and Los Angeles. In 2006, Hawaiian Airlines was rated as the best carrier serving Hawaii by Travel + Leisure, Zagat and Condé Nast Traveler.
On July 24, 2007, Hawaiian Airlines and Air New Zealand signed a $45 million contract for Air New Zealand to perform heavy maintenance on Hawaiian's Boeing 767 aircraft. This contract lasted for five years. Air New Zealand stated that this opportunity will also give a chance for them to build their expertise working on 767s. In August 2007, the Seattle Seahawks became the second sports team to begin using Hawaiian Airlines to travel to games. The Las Vegas Raiders, also of the NFL, have been flying Hawaiian Airlines since the 1990s. The two teams formerly flew on Hawaiian's Boeing 767s to and from all their games, but now travel on Hawaiian's Airbus A330s. Several of Hawaiian's Boeing 767 and A330 aircraft have been fitted with decals of logos of the Raiders.
In March 2008, the airline launched nonstop flights to Manila, capital of Philippines, in the airline's first major international expansion since it emerged from bankruptcy protection in June 2005. In response to the closure of ATA Airlines and Aloha Airlines, the airline began flights to Oakland on May 1, 2008.
On February 16, 2010, Hawaiian Airlines sought approval from the United States Department of Transportation to begin nonstop flights from its hub at Honolulu to Tokyo-Haneda sometime in 2010. The airline was one of five US carriers — the others being Delta Air Lines, Continental Airlines, United Airlines and American Airlines — seeking approval to serve Haneda as part of the U.S.-Japan OpenSkies agreement. Approval was granted from USDOT to begin nonstop service to Haneda, Japan. The flight began service on November 18, 2010. In addition, the airline is planning to establish a codeshare agreement with All Nippon Airways.
On January 12, 2011, Hawaiian Airlines began nonstop service to Seoul-Incheon, South Korea. On March 31, 2011, Hawaiian announced that they will be renovating the check-in lobby of the inter-island terminal at the Honolulu International Airport (Hawaiian's main hub). Hawaiian, the only occupant of the inter-island terminal, will be removing the traditional check-in counter, to install six circular check-in islands in the middle of the lobbies. Those check-in islands can be used for inter-island, mainland, and international flights. On July 12, 2011, Hawaiian added Osaka, Japan to its network. On November 17, 2011, Hawaiian ordered five additional Airbus A330-200 aircraft.
On June 4, 2012, Hawaiian expanded to the east coast with daily flights to New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport. On August 30, 2012, Hawaiian filed an application with the U.S. Department of Transportation for a nonstop route between Kona and Tokyo-Haneda. This would fill a void that Japan Airlines left when it ceased service to Kona nearly two years earlier. However, the US Department of Transportation rejected the airline's application to begin service. On December 3, 2012, the airline unveiled plans to begin flights to Taipei, Taiwan (Republic of China) beginning July 9, 2013 as part of its aggressive expansion plans.
Further expansion and new subsidiary carrier (2013–present)
On February 11, 2013, the airline announced a new venture in the turboprop interisland business, "Ohana by Hawaiian." Service is operated by Empire Airlines using ATR 42-500 turboprop airplanes. Service began on March 11, 2014, to Molokaʻi and Lānaʻi. The airline expanded more "ʻOhana by Hawaiian" routes between Kahului, Kailua-Kona and Hilo during the summer of 2014. On April 10, 2013, the airline announced its first destination in China, with service to Beijing expected to start on April 16, 2014, pending government approval. At the same time, the airline announced that it would end service to Manila capital of Philippines on July 31, 2013. On July 11, 2013, the airline signed a codeshare agreement with China Airlines.
On March 12, 2014, Hawaiian announced that it would begin daily service between Kahului and Los Angeles on May 2, adding a second flight from June 30 to September 8 in response to passenger demand. It would also begin nonstop summer service between Los Angeles and both Līhuʻe, Kauaʻi and Kona, Hawaiʻi.
On August 14, 2014, the airline announced direct service between Kahului and San Francisco beginning in November.
On January 5, 2015, Hawaiian refiled its previously rejected application with the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) for the Kona-Haneda route with service, if approved, to begin in June. The request was prompted by a DOT decision in December 2014 to review the public interest in Delta Air Lines' Seattle-Tokyo route after Delta reduced the frequency of those flights from daily to seasonal. On March 31, DOT again denied the request, opting instead to allow Delta to continue operating the route, with American Airlines taking over if Delta's planned service continued to fail.
On May 1, 2017, the airline revealed a new logo and livery for its aircraft.
On March 6, 2018, the airline announced an order for 10 Boeing 787-9 Dreamliners with options for an additional ten; selecting GE GEnx engines.
Due to the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, Hawaiian Airlines reported a net loss of over $100 million for the Q2 of 2020.
Fourteen-day travel quarantines, which were reinstated for August 2020 have also contributed to Hawaiian Airlines' plans to downsize the company by 15-25% by summer 2021.
On May 27, 2021, Hawaiian announced that it would discontinue the Ohana by Hawaiian brand and its cargo and passenger services after the pandemic and resulting quarantine significantly impacted interisland travel. The interruptions in service forced the airline to reconsider the viability of operation and determine it was no longer feasible. The carrier's ATR fleet would be moved to the mainland and be prepared for sale.
Corporate affairs
Ownership and structure
The parent company of Hawaiian Airlines, Inc. is Hawaiian Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: HA)
Previously listed on the American Stock Exchange, the company moved to NASDAQ in June 2, 2008. Hawaiian Holdings, Inc. is a holding company whose primary asset is the sole ownership of all issued and outstanding shares of common stock of Hawaiian Airlines, Inc. On June 30, 2008, the company announced that it had been added to the Russell 3000 Index.
Business trends
Recent key figures for Hawaiian Holdings, Inc. (which include the operations of Hawaiian Airlines and former regional subsidiary carrier Ohana by Hawaiian) are shown below (for years ending December 31):
Destinations
Hawaiian Airlines serves destinations in several Asia-Pacific countries and territories. The airline added its sixth international destination, Incheon International Airport near Seoul, South Korea on January 12, 2011. It also has daily and weekly direct, non-stop international flights from Honolulu to Tahiti, Australia, South Korea, Japan, and New Zealand.
Codeshare agreements
Hawaiian Airlines codeshares with the following airlines:
Air China
American Airlines
China Airlines
Delta Air Lines
Japan Airlines
JetBlue
Korean Air
Philippine Airlines
Turkish Airlines
United Airlines
Virgin Australia
Interline agreement
Hawaiian Airlines has an interline agreement with South African Airways.
Fleet
, the Hawaiian Airlines fleet consists of the following aircraft:
The airline names its Boeing 717 aircraft after birds found in Polynesia, their Airbus A330 aircraft after Polynesian constellations historically used to navigate to the Hawaiian islands, and their Airbus A321neo fleet after plants and forests within the Hawaiian islands.
Inter-island fleet
Boeing 717
Hawaiian began acquiring Boeing 717 aircraft for operation on the neighbor Island network in February 2001. On June 4, 2008, the airline announced that it had agreed to lease an additional four 717 airplanes to meet demand due to the shutdown of Aloha Airlines' passenger operations and the closing of ATA Airlines, with deliveries between September and the end of 2008.
Airbus A321neo
Hawaiian Airlines started sending an A321neo aircraft on a route from Honolulu to Kahului, and Kahului to Honolulu in January 2020. This route ran four times a week; as of August 2020, the route is flown every day. This route is operated under HA179 (OGG - HNL) and HA180 (HNL - OGG).
Medium and long-haul fleet
Airbus A330-200
On November 27, 2007, Hawaiian Airlines signed a MOU (Memorandum of Understanding) with Airbus for 24 long-range jets priced at $4.4 billion. The order included six Airbus A330-200s with a further six purchase rights and six Airbus A350-800s with a further six purchase rights. Plans to fly to Paris and London were discussed. Deliveries for the A330s began in 2010 while the first A350 was to be delivered in 2017.
On October 27, 2008, Hawaiian announced that, prior to the arrival of its new A330s, it would lease two additional Airbus A330-200 aircraft, beginning in 2011, at the same time extending the leases of two Boeing 767-300ER aircraft to 2011 (to be withdrawn from service coincident with the delivery of the A330s). Two weeks later, the airline announced the lease of an additional A330-200 for delivery in the second quarter of 2010, and negotiated for delivery of one aircraft from the earlier lease agreement to be moved up to the same quarter. In December 2010, Hawaiian ordered an additional six A330-200 aircraft, bringing the fleet total to 15. Further lease agreements were signed with Air Lease Corporation (one aircraft), and three aircraft each from Hong Kong Aviation Capital and Jackson Square Aviation, bringing the A330-200 fleet to twenty-two. In July 2015, Hawaiian announced the lease of an A330-200 from Air Lease Corporation. The purchase of another A330-200 was announced in December 2016.
Airbus A321neo
In January 2013, Hawaiian signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Airbus for an order of 16 A321neo aircraft plus up to 9 options. The aircraft is operated in a 2-class, 189 seat configuration. Following the completion of labor agreements relating to the operation of the aircraft with the airline's pilot and flight attendant unions, the airline finalized the order in March 2013. In December 2016, Hawaiian announced their intention of leasing two additional A321neo aircraft, bringing their total fleet of the type to 18. The first flight took place on January 17, 2018 from Kahului to Oakland, California.
Boeing 787-9
In February 2018, Hawaiian was rumored to be canceling its order for six A330-800s and replacing them with 787-9s. It was reported that Boeing priced the aircraft at less than $115 million, and possibly less than $100 million, each; the production cost of a 787-9 is between $80 million and $90 million. Boeing Capital also released Hawaiian from three 767-300ER leases in advance; these aircraft were to be transferred to United Airlines. Initially, Hawaiian refuted it cancelled its A330-800 order, but did not dismiss a new deal with Boeing. However, on March 6, 2018, Hawaiian Airlines confirmed the cancellation of the A330-800 order and the signing of a Letter of Intent with Boeing to purchase ten 787-9 aircraft, with options for an additional ten planes; the deal was finalized at the Farnborough Air Show in July 2018.
Historical fleet
Throughout its history, Hawaiian Airlines has operated a diverse range of aircraft including the following:
Services
In-flight services
Cabins
In late 2014, Hawaiian Airlines began offering Extra Comfort seating, as a new service class on its Airbus A330-200 aircraft. The Economy Comfort seating offered seating space upgrades for passengers, along with improved soft-product offerings for passengers on international routes.
In October 2015, Hawaiian announced that it will be upgrading its business class seats from the standard recliner seats to 180-degree lie-flat seats on their A330 fleet in a 2-2-2 configuration. The new seats would be installed starting the second quarter of 2016. In addition to the new business class seats upgrade, the airline would add 28 additional Extra Comfort seats.
The Airbus A321neo cabin uses Hawaiian-inspired designs, utilizing and used a 3-3 configuration in the main cabin and a 2-2 configuration in business class.
In-flight entertainment
Prior to September 1, 2013, Hawaiian offered DigEplayer portable video players for rent. Airbus A330 aircraft are equipped with on-demand units built into every seatback. The new Airbus A321neo is equipped with personal device entertainment via app. As of July 2019, all in-flight entertainment on mainland to Hawai'i flights is available, free of charge.
Catering
Hawaiian provides complimentary and paid beverage service on all of its flights. Meals are not provided on interisland flights because of their short length (30–45 minutes). On its U.S. mainland flights, Hawaiian is one of the only major U.S. airlines to provide complimentary meals in its main cabin (coach class); each meal is made with no preservatives and with all-natural ingredients and is packaged with recyclable materials. In 2009, Hawaiian introduced premium meals in its main cabin, giving passengers the option of having the complimentary meal or paying to upgrade to a premium meal. The premium meals consisted of a variety of high-end Asian cuisine, but were later discontinued.
In March 2007, Hawaiian introduced a "tasting menu" or "tapas menu" for its first-class passengers on its U.S. mainland and international flights. The menu consists of twenty entrees set on a rotation, with five available on any given flight. Passengers are provided information on the available entrees for their flight when they board or shortly after takeoff, and may choose up to three entrees as part of their inflight meal.
In August 2012, Hawaiian announced an upgrade to its economy class in-flight U.S. mainland service. Among the upgrades were a new menu, a complimentary glass of wine on lunch or dinner flights, and a free tropical cocktail before landing on breakfast flights. This was in contrast to other airlines, which cut back on meal service. According to Hawaiian's then-CEO Mark Dunkerley:
"In today's competitive world you cannot justify providing complimentary meals on a traditional business model. It simply does not pay for itself... which explains why essentially everybody has taken all that free food off the airplane. We're being illogical by actually investing heavily in this area... It's part of who we are, and it's what makes us different from everybody else."
Starting December 1, 2017, guests in the main cabin on Hawaiian flights between Hawaiʻi and western U.S. gateway cities will be treated to complimentary meal service exclusively created for the airline's new Pau Hāna Café brand. The Pau Hāna Café, branded meals made exclusively for the airline, consists of a continental breakfast box for brunch and hot sandwich and side for lunch. Pau Hāna, a Hawaiian term for “finished work,” is a time to relax and unwind after a long workday. The meal service is followed by coffee and a sweet treat for dessert. A parting Mahalo service features the carrier's popular Kōloa Breeze cocktail, featuring Kōloa Rum from the Island of Kauaʻi, and the airline's signature Pau Hāna snack mix.
On December 20, 2017 air-company has announced its partnership with Mana Up, the Hawaiian-based accelerator for local consumer packaged goods, in order to increase the diversity and volume of locally made products to serve its guests on board.
Frequent-flyer program
Hawaiian Airlines' frequent-flyer program is HawaiianMiles, which started in 1983. Miles accumulated in the program allow members to redeem tickets, upgrade service class or obtain free or discounted car rentals, hotel stays, merchandise, or other products and services through partners. The most active members, based on the amount and price of travel booked, are designated Pualani Gold (fly 30 Segments or fly 20,000 Flight Miles) and Pualani Platinum (fly 60 Segments or fly 40,000 Flight Miles), with privileges such as separate check-in, Premier Club Lounge access in Honolulu, Hilo, Kona, Kahului, and Līhuʻe, priority upgrade and standby processing, or complimentary upgrades. Travel award redemption from the HawaiianMiles program account for 5% of total revenue passengers.
Hawaiian also has frequent-flyer partnerships with several other airlines, allowing HawaiianMiles members to earn credit for flying partner airlines and/or members of partner airline frequent flyer programs to earn credit for Hawaiian flights. Some partnerships restrict credit to only certain flights, such as inter-island flights or to code-share flights booked through Hawaiian.
HawaiianMiles allows one-way redemption on Hawaiian Airlines flights only. Currently, the lowest-priced one-way economy class ticket is an inter-island coach saver flight for 7,500 miles. Prior to 2021, HawaiianMiles accounts with no activity for 18 months automatically expired. Hawaiian announced on April 12, 2021 that HawaiianMiles accounts would no longer have expiration dates, effective immediately.
Accidents and incidents
On December 23, 2000, a Hawaiian Airlines McDonnell Douglas DC-10 operating HA481 experienced a runway overrun at Faa'a International Airport in Papeete. An investigation determined that the incident was due to improper spoiler configuration and the flight crew's decision to land in a thunderstorm. There were no fatalities.
On May 1, 2015, a Hawaiian Airlines Boeing 767 operating flight HA24 from Kahului Airport to Oakland, CA returned to the airport because of smoke in the cabin. The passengers were evacuated via the emergency slides. There were two minor injuries.
On May 15, 2015, a Hawaiian Airlines Boeing 717 operating flight HA118 from Daniel K. Inouye International Airport to Kona International Airport started emitting smoke from one of its engines. It diverted to Kahului Airport, where it was met by fire engines that extinguished the fire. There were no fatalities and no evacuation was ordered.
On August 13, 2018, a Hawaiian Airlines Airbus A321 operating flight HA56 experienced a tailstrike upon landing at Los Angeles. Of the 197 passengers aboard, there were no injuries.
On August 22, 2019, an Airbus A321neo flying from Oakland to Honolulu (operated as HA47) made a successful landing at Honolulu after the cabin started filling with smoke. Seven people were hospitalized for smoke inhalation. There were no serious injuries among the 191 passengers and crew. Hawaiian Airlines stated that it believed that the incident was caused by a "faulty engine seal."
See also
List of airlines of Hawaii
Hana Hou!, Hawaiian's in-flight magazine
Air transportation in the United States
Bibliography
Gradidge, J.M. The Convairliners story. 1997. Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd .
Gradidge, Jennifer. ''DC-1, DC-2, DC-3 - The First Seventy Years. 2006. Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd. .
References
External links
Hawaiian Airlines official website
1929 establishments in Hawaii
Airlines established in 1929
Airlines for America members
Airlines based in Hawaii
American companies established in 1929
Companies based in Honolulu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kniga%20Myortvykh
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Kniga Myortvykh
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Kniga Myortvykh is the third studio album by Russian alternative metal band Amatory. This is the last record with solo guitarist Sergey Osechkin who died on March 15, 2007.
Background
The festival "Invasion" was the last strong impression of the summer. After that, [AMATORY] had less than a month to prepare for a new tour, which will cover not only Moscow with St. Petersburg, but also, for the first time in the group's career, the cities of the CIS. The tight concert schedule did not allow to finish recording the demo versions of the first numbers of the new album. Despite their busy touring schedule, [AMATORY] tried to fill every gap between tours and individual performances with new songs.
The title of the album was chosen using the game "Heads and Tails". [STEWART] wanted to name the album "The Story of my True", but [GANG] wanted to name the album "Book of the Dead". [STEWART] didn't like that title because of the hint of a diagnosis (Sergey had a suspicion of liver cancer). But eventually, the album was titled "Book of the Dead". It was released on October 13, 2006.
Track listing
Personnel
Amatory
Daniil "Stewart" Svetlov — drums
Denis "Denver" Zhivotovsky — bass guitar, clean vocals
Alexander "Alex" Pavlov — rhythm guitar
Sergey "Gang" Osechkin — solo guitar
Igor "Igor" Kapranov — death growl
References
2006 albums
Amatory albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo%20Gir%C3%B3n-Moctezuma%2C%20Marquis%20de%20las%20Amarillas
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Jerónimo Girón-Moctezuma, Marquis de las Amarillas
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Jerónimo Morejón Girón-Moctezuma, 3rd Marquis de las Amarillas, born 7 June 1741 at Málaga and died 17 October 1819 at Seville, became a general officer in the army of the Kingdom of Spain and commanded division-sized combat units during the War of the Pyrenees in 1793 and 1794. Though he attained high rank, he displayed limited military talent. Shortly after succeeding to the top command of the Army of Catalonia, he was dismissed for blunders made on the battlefield.
Family
Girón was born into a noble family at Málaga on 7 June 1741. His father was Pedro Morejón Girón y Ahumada and his mother was Bernarda de Moctezuma y Salcedo, a descendant of Aztec Emperor Moctezuma II. On 22 October 1770, he married Isabel de las Casas y Aragorri, who was six years his junior. Upon the death of his father, Jerónimo Morejón Girón became the 3rd Marquis de las Amarillas. His son Pedro Agustín Girón y de las Casas, born in 1778, became the 1st in 1836. Like his father, Pedro attained the rank of general officer in the army of Spain and fought in the Peninsular War, part of the Napoleonic Wars.
War of the Pyrenees
In April 1793, the Spanish Army of Catalonia led by Captain General (CG) Antonio Ricardos invaded Roussillon in the eastern Pyrenees during the French Revolutionary Wars. In May, the army opened the Siege of Bellegarde and captured the French fortress on 24 June. In early September 1793, Ricardos made a bid to capture Perpignan, the department capital.
Rather than mount a direct assault on the fortress, Ricardos swung two divisions around the western side of Perpignan to cut its communications with Narbonne. Lieutenant General (LG) Girón's division drove a French force out of Rivesaltes on 8 August. He then established a fortified camp on a hill just south of the village of Peyrestortes and six km northwest of Perpignan. Meanwhile, the division of LG Juan de Courten deployed only two km northwest of Perpignan, near Le Vernet. Ricardos began an artillery bombardment on the south side of the fortress. On the early morning of 17 September, the French Army of the Eastern Pyrenees under the temporary command of General of Division (MG) Eustache Charles d'Aoust attacked both Girón and de Courten in the Battle of Peyrestortes. The French were able to closely approach Girón's camp because he failed to post troops behind a ravine. The battle raged all day and into the evening, when both Spanish divisions withdrew after suffering heavy casualties. Ricardos retrieved the situation by a victory in the Battle of Truillas on 22 September. But Peyrestortes represented the high water mark of the Spanish invasion. After Truillas, Ricardos withdrew to the Tech River valley, where he successfully fended off several French attempts to drive the Spanish army across the border during the remainder of 1793.
In March 1794, both Ricardos and his designated successor CG Alejandro O'Reilly died. For a short time, Girón was the acting commander of the Army of Catalonia, but LG Luis Firmín de Carvajal was appointed to lead the army in April. LG Eugenio Navarro held Collioure and the area near the coast with the right division. LG Juan Miguel de Vives defended the left flank near Céret. Girón's center division, the largest, deployed to cover Le Boulou with a strongpoint at Montesquieu-des-Albères in the Pyrenees foothills to the east. On 29 April, the first day of the Battle of Boulou, the new French commander, MG Jacques François Dugommier successfully lured de la Union into pushing his left flank forward. With the Spanish army out of position, the French commander hurled a powerful attack at the Spanish right-center, breaking through Girón's right flank on 30 April. Countermeasures by de la Union and Girón failed to stem the French advance. On 1 May, the Spanish were forced to abandon the army's trains, artillery, and baggage, and retreat across the difficult Col de Porteille (800 meters altitude) rather than the easier Pass of Le Perthus (300 meters). After their victory, the French army blockaded the now-isolated Bellegarde.
De la Union, fell back south of the Pyrenees crest line and built a fortified line to cover the Alt Empordà. Girón led his division in an inconclusive action at La Jonquera on 7 June. An attempt by de la Union to relieve Bellegarde failed at the Battle of San Lorenzo de la Muga on 13 August. Bellegarde fell to the French on 17 September. The decisive Battle of the Black Mountain began on 17 November 1794, when the French launched a major assault. Girón in the center and de Vives on the right repulsed the enemy attacks, but MG Pierre Augereau collapsed de Courten's left flank. Dugommier was killed by a Spanish artillery shell on 18 November and the new French commander MG Dominique Pérignon paused to reorganize. When the French attacked again on 20 November, they cracked Girón's defenses in the center and captured the key Santa-Maria-del-Roure position. De la Union was slain while gallantly leading a Spanish cavalry charge and command of the army passed to Girón.
With de Courten's left wing out of the fight and his center division wrecked, Girón ordered a retreat. In the confusion, he left behind the city of Figueres and a 9,000-man garrison in the powerful fortress of San Fernando (Sant Ferran). The army withdrew behind the Rio Fluvià to reorganize its shattered units. Soon after, Pérignon bluffed the governor of San Fernando into surrendering and began the Siege of Roses. In December, Girón was dismissed from command of the Army of Catalonia for abandoning San Fernando fortress, and for errors committed at the battles of Boulou and Peyrestortes. He died on 17 October 1819 at Seville.
Footnotes
Sources
}
Further reading
"17 Septembre 1793 La Bataille de Peyrestortes" by Bernard Prats (in French)
Spanish soldiers
Spanish generals
Marquesses of Spain
Military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
Spanish commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
1741 births
1819 deaths
|
67475428
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central%20constituency%20%28Kaliningrad%20Oblast%29
|
Central constituency (Kaliningrad Oblast)
|
Central constituency (No.98) () is a Russian legislative constituency in Kaliningrad Oblast. In 1993-2007 Kaliningrad Oblast had only one constituency, but population growth provided oblast with second constituency.
Members elected
Results
2016
|-
! colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;" |Candidate
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;" |Party
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Votes
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |%
|-
|style="background-color:"|
|align=left|Aleksey Silanov
|align=left|United Russia
|
|40.78%
|-
|style="background-color:"|
|align=left|Yevgeny Mishin
|align=left|Liberal Democratic Party
|
|11.06%
|-
|style="background-color:"|
|align=left|Igor Pleshkov
|align=left|Communist Party
|
|10.55%
|-
|style="background:"|
|align=left|Solomon Ginzburg
|align=left|Party of Growth
|
|10.07%
|-
|style="background:"|
|align=left|Pavel Fedorov
|align=left|A Just Russia
|
|7.53%
|-
|style="background:"|
|align=left|Maksim Pavlenko
|align=left|Communists of Russia
|
|4.43%
|-
|style="background: "|
|align=left|Lyudmila Poplavskaya
|align=left|The Greens
|
|4.24%
|-
|style="background-color:"|
|align=left|Yury Galanin
|align=left|Rodina
|
|3.61%
|-
|style="background:"|
|align=left|Sergey Malikov
|align=left|Civic Platform
|
|1.52%
|-
| colspan="5" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" | Total
|
| 100%
|-
| colspan="5" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| colspan="4" |Source:
|
|}
2018
|-
! colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;" |Candidate
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;" |Party
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Votes
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |%
|-
|style="background-color:"|
|align=left|Aleksandr Yaroshuk
|align=left|United Russia
|32,185
|39.87%
|-
| style="background-color: " |
|align=left|Igor Revin
|align=left|Communist Party
|18,206
|22.55%
|-
| style="background-color: " |
|align=left|Yevgeny Mishin
|align=left|Liberal Democratic Party
|11,023
|13.65%
|-
| style="background-color: " |
|align=left|Olga Kuzemskaya
|align=left|Party of Pensioners
|5,538
|6.86%
|-
| style="background-color: " |
|align=left|Konstantin Doroshok
|align=left|A Just Russia
|5,212
|6.46%
|-
| style="background-color: " |
|align=left|Aleksandr Orlov
|align=left|Communists of Russia
|4,408
|5.46%
|-
| colspan="5" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" |
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" |Total
|80,729
|100%
|-
| colspan="5" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" |
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| colspan="4" |Source:
|
|}
2021
|-
! colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;" |Candidate
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;" |Party
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Votes
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |%
|-
|style="background-color:"|
|align=left|Marina Orgeyeva
|align=left|United Russia
|79,639
|39.77%
|-
|style="background-color:"|
|align=left|Darya Anuchina
|align=left|Communist Party
|29,685
|14.83%
|-
|style="background-color:"|
|align=left|Yevgeny Mishin
|align=left|Liberal Democratic Party
|21,096
|10.54%
|-
|style="background-color: " |
|align=left|Yury Shitikov
|align=left|A Just Russia — For Truth
|14,881
|7.43%
|-
|style="background-color: "|
|align=left|Tamara Bragina
|align=left|Party of Pensioners
|11,382
|5.68%
|-
|style="background-color:"|
|align=left|Yekaterina Semyonova
|align=left|New People
|11,325
|5.66%
|-
|style="background-color:"|
|align=left|Natalya Konovalova
|align=left|Communists of Russia
|8,134
|4.06%
|-
|style="background-color:"|
|align=left|Dmitry Novik
|align=left|Rodina
|4,880
|2.44%
|-
|style="background-color:"|
|align=left|Igor Pleshkov
|align=left|Yabloko
|4,405
|2.20%
|-
|style="background:"|
|align=left|Vladimir Timofeyev
|align=left|Party of Freedom and Justice
|3,712
|1.85%
|-
| colspan="5" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" | Total
| 200,226
| 100%
|-
| colspan="5" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| colspan="4" |Source:
|
|}
References
Notes
See also
Politics of Kaliningrad Oblast
Politics of Kaliningrad Oblast
Russian legislative constituencies
|
29321590
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamels%20Hoxha
|
Hamels Hoxha
|
Hamels Hoxha (born 2 July 1992) is an Albanian footballer who most recently played as a defender for Greek lower league side Kozani. He is also a member of the Albanian U-19s and has played 3 games without scoring a goal
Honours
Skënderbeu Korçë
Albanian Superliga (1): 2010–11
References
External links
1992 births
Living people
Footballers from Tirana
Association football midfielders
Association football defenders
Albanian footballers
Albania youth international footballers
Iraklis Thessaloniki F.C. players
C.D. Nacional players
KF Skënderbeu Korçë players
KF Laçi players
Kozani F.C. players
Albanian Superliga players
Gamma Ethniki players
Albanian expatriate footballers
Albanian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Expatriate footballers in Portugal
Albanian expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Expatriate footballers in Greece
|
31344
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20ring%20of%20the%20Nibelungs
|
The ring of the Nibelungs
|
The ring of the Nibelungs may refer to different things.
In literature and music:
Der Ring des Nibelungen, (The Ring of the Nibelung or The Nibelung's Ring,) a group of epic operas by Richard Wagner.
In films and entertainment:
Dark Kingdom: The Dragon King, also titled Ring of the Nibelungs, Die Nibelungen, Curse of the Ring, and Sword of Xanten, a fantasy film directed by Uli Eden.
See also
Nibelungenlied
|
3603755
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime%20Evil%20%28Buffy%20novel%29
|
Prime Evil (Buffy novel)
|
Prime Evil is an original novel based on the U.S. television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Tagline: 'Infinity awaits an ancient evil'.
Plot summary
Crystal Gregory is a beautiful new teacher at Sunnydale High, who also happens to give Buffy panic fits whenever she's in the same room as her. Buffy can't sense anything unusual about the teacher and begins to wonder if she's losing her mind. But lately, Anya and Michael seem to be getting awfully close to Crystal and would appear to do anything for her. While out for her usual patrol at night, Buffy has two strange encounters; one, a man is completely incinerated by red and lighting and the other being a girl from school who has a burn mark on her neck in the shape of the symbol for infinity. As soon as Giles gets cracking on his books, he finds out that Crystal is in fact Shugra, a powerful primal witch which is trying to activate the source. She needs a coven of 13 willing people to participate in order to draw the proper energy, unfortunately, it seems that Willow is one of those people.
Cordelia is nervous about her father's tax position but does not tell the others. This foreshadows later events. Giles and Joyce are nervous in each other's company
Characters include: Buffy, Joyce, Giles, Xander, Anya, Cordelia, Willow, and Oz
Continuity
Late in Buffy season 3 but before "Earshot". Apart from a mistake over Angel's age, this book closely follows the Buffyverse's established 'canon'.
Canonical issues
Buffy novels such as this one are not usually considered by fans as canonical. Some fans consider them stories from the imaginations of authors and artists, while other fans consider them as taking place in an alternative fictional reality. However unlike fan fiction, overviews summarising their story, written early in the writing process, were 'approved' by both Fox and Joss Whedon (or his office), and the books were therefore later published as officially Buffy merchandise.
External links
Websites.cable.ntl.com - Watcher's Web interview about Buffy novels in general, Obsidian Fate and Prime Evil
Reviews
Litefoot1969.bravepages.com - Review of this book by Litefoot
Teen-books.com - Reviews of this book
Nika-summers.com - Review of this book by Nika Summers
Shadowcat.name - Review of this book
2000 novels
Books based on Buffy the Vampire Slayer
|
37908082
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribnica%20%28fortress%29
|
Ribnica (fortress)
|
The Ribnica Fortress () is an Ottoman fortress, located in the Stara Varoš neighborhood of Podgorica, the capital city of Montenegro.
History
The fortress was built in late 15th century (around 1477), during the period of Ottoman reign. It was built above the confluence of Ribnica and Morača rivers, and was one of 2 fortresses surrounding Stara Varoš.
For a long time, Depedogen was used as an ammunition warehouse. It was severely damaged in 1878, when a thunder strike triggered an explosion which destroyed a large part of the fortress's interior and exterior.
It is believed that the fortress stems from the 12th century, and that it's the birthplace of Stefan Nemanja - the founding father of the Nemanjić dynasty. Therefore, many call the fortress Nemanjin Grad or Nemanjića Grad (Nemanja's Town in Serbian), and Orthodox ceremonies are often held at the location. The name Nemanjin grad for this site is to believed to have originated from King Nikola of Montenegro, who popularized this name upon freeing Podgorica from the Ottoman Empire in 1879.
References
Buildings and structures in Podgorica
Tourist attractions in Podgorica
Ottoman architecture in Montenegro
|
37931413
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erikli%2C%20Sason
|
Erikli, Sason
|
Erikli is a village in the District of Sason, Batman Province, Turkey. As of 2011 it had a population of 181 people.
References
Villages in Sason District
|
22138713
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nsuta
|
Nsuta
|
Nsuta is a small town and is the capital of Sekyere Central, a district in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Nsuta is in Ashanti although there are a number of towns in Ghana with this name.
Transport
This Nsuta is served by a station on the national railway network.
There is no railway station serving Asante-Nsuta.
Towns and villages under Asante-Nsuta Traditional Area
Abaasua
Abonkoso
Aframso
Akyease
Amangoase
Amuaman
Amugyewaa
Anansu/Appiakrom
Ankamadoa
Asuafu
Atwea
Awanya
Bimma
Bonkron
Dadease
Danso
Ɛkuo
Gyansa
Gyetiase
kↄtↄ Dida
Kruwi
Kwagyei
Kyebi
Kyeiase
Kyekyebon
Mpantuase
Mpempɛ
Nkudwua
Nkwabrim
Ohemaa Dida
Pataase
Tadiɛso
Tenten
Twerefuo
Duamo
Wuobuoho
There are also three major towns in the Sekyere Central District Assembly, Namely Sekyere-Beposo, Sekyere-Atonsu and Sekyere-Kwamang.
References
Populated places in the Ashanti Region
|
19120093
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanwg
|
Tanwg
|
Saint Tanwg is the patron saint of Llandanwg, Gwynedd, Wales. He is presumed to be the founder of St Tanwg's Church, the small church at Llandanwg near Harlech, although the presence of an inscribed stone which has been dated to the 5th century suggests the church was already in existence when Tanwg and his brothers arrived in the area early in the 6th century. This Llandanwg Stone is inscribed with two names, one being Ingenui (meaning 'of Ingenuus'); the other is indecipherable. The stone is not local. It is thought to have come from the Wicklow Hills in Ireland. This means that it was probably brought over by a rich person. It is a reasonable conjecture that Ingenuus may have been the founder of the church in the late fifth century, and that St. Tanwg lived at this llan a generation or two later. Another stone, called the Equester Stone, is of 6th century date. It is inscribed Equestrinomine, an unusual form of wording otherwise known only from 4th century inscriptions in Italy and Gaul.
The church building is medieval, probably dating from the 13th century.
The parish church of Harlech was built in 1840 to replace the Llandanwg church is also dedicated to Saint Tanwg.
Saint Tanwg is said to have been the son of Ithel the Generous of Armorica and the cousin of St Cadfan. According to Enwogion Cymru, he was 'a saint who lived in the early part of the sixth century. He was one of the sons of Ithel Hael and he accompanied St Cadfan from Armorica to Britain. ( Enwogion says this was in the time of Vortigern "who procured wise men and divines from Gaul, now called France, to renovate Christianity in this Island, in consequence of the decay and failure that had befallen the faith in Christ" but this is impossible as Vortigern ruled from c425 to c474. Besides, he is not known to have favoured Christianity.) St Cadfan reportedly was one of the founders of the college of Bardsey as a monastery in 516 AD and to have been Abbot there until 542. He was the brother of Sts. Baglan, Trillo, Tegai, Twrog, Tecwyn, Gredifael, Flewyn and Llechid, and is commemorated 10 October.
Gallery
References
Companions of Cadfan
Medieval Welsh saints
|
41101456
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%20Elizabeth%20Harbour%200-4-0ST
|
Port Elizabeth Harbour 0-4-0ST
|
The Port Elizabeth Harbour 0-4-0ST of 1894 was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
Between 1894 and 1902, eight locomotives entered shunting service at the Port Elizabeth Harbour. They were taken onto the Cape Government Railways roster in 1908 and all of them were still in service when the South African Railways classification and renumbering was implemented in 1912.
Manufacturers
In 1894 and 1895, four locomotives were delivered to the Port Elizabeth Harbour Board (PEHB) from Black, Hawthorn & Company. They were numbered in the range from 1 to 4 and placed in service as harbour shunters at Port Elizabeth Harbour. By 1901, their numbers 1 to 4 had been replaced by the letters D to G.
During 1896, the firm of Black, Hawthorn was taken over by Chapman and Furneaux, who delivered another two of these locomotives in 1901. Instead of being numbered, these were lettered K and L.
The firm of Chapman and Furneaux closed down in 1902. Two locomotives which had been ordered from them in February 1902, order numbers 1213 and 1214, were built instead by Hudswell, Clarke & Company, ex works in July 1902 with works numbers 616 and 617. These two were lettered M and N.
Service
Kowie Railway
In 1904, one of these locomotives, ex no. 4/G, was sent to Port Alfred on loan to the Kowie Railway Company, who used it as yard engine in Port Alfred station. While there, the name plates from the then recently withdrawn broad gauge engine Aid of 1878 were affixed to the saddle-tank of no. 4, and it became the engine Aid reincarnated. Many people erroneously believed that it was one-and-the-same locomotive, to the extent that it later became accepted as fact. The locomotive was returned to Port Elizabeth in 1910.
Cape Government Railways
In terms of Act 38 of 1908, the Cape Government Railways (CGR) became responsible for the administration of the three major harbours in the Cape of Good Hope with effect from 1 January 1909. The locomotives were therefore all taken onto the CGR roster and renumbered in the range from 1015 to 1022.
South African Railways
When the Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910, the three Colonial government railways (CGR, Natal Government Railways and Central South African Railways) were united under a single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. Although the South African Railways and Harbours came into existence in 1910, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways was only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912.
In 1912, these locomotives were considered obsolete by the South African Railways (SAR) and renumbered by having the numeral "0" prefixed to their existing numbers.
In June 1914, SAR no. 01017 was transferred to Mosselbaai Harbour. The rest remained in service in Port Elizabeth Harbour.
Rhodesia Railways
In July 1929, SAR no. 01021 was sold to Rhodesia Railways (RR), where it was given RR number 5. The locomotive never actually left South Africa, since it was purchased for use as shop engine at the RR's Mafeking Workshop, staffed by SAR personnel. The engine was eventually scrapped in 1940.
Locomotives no. 1012 to 1014
In the classification and renumbering lists of the SAR, published in 1912, three additional locomotives of uncertain origin are listed as Port Elizabeth Harbour locomotives. Two of them are listed as CGR numbers 1012 and 1013, built by Peckett and Sons, while the third is listed as CGR no. 1014, built by Lowca Engineering Company. Also considered obsolete by the SAR, they were also renumbered with a numeral "0" prefixed to their CGR numbers.
These locomotives are shown here solely for the sake of completeness and because their PEHB letters and CGR and SAR numbers immediately precede those of the eight locomotives which are the subject of this article. It has since been discovered that the builder's details about the first two of these locomotives in the Rolling Stock Register was incorrect, possibly as a result of the locomotives getting equipped with replacement parts, such as new boilers bearing the markings of a manufacturer other than the original locomotive builder.
The first locomotive, PEHB A, then CGR no. 1012, then SAR no. 01012, was built by Fox, Walker and Company, a predecessor of Peckett and Sons, as a Class W , ex-works in December 1876 and landed in Port Elizabeth in April 1877. Its erroneous description as a Peckett locomotive could possibly be as a result of the Peckett name appearing on replaced parts on the locomotive.
How the first two locomotives both came to be described as Peckett locomotives in the 1912 renumbering lists is not known, since no records have been found of another Fox, Walker or Peckett locomotive which could have ended up on the Port Elizabeth Harbour Board roster. The second locomotive, PEHB B, then CGR no. 1013, then SAR no. 01013, was more likely to be a 0-4-0ST engine that was originally delivered to the Despatch Brickmaking & Woolwashing Company in Port Elizabeth, built in 1881 by Andrew Barclay Sons & Co. The Port Elizabeth Harbour Board Report for 1903 refers to the purchase of a small tank locomotive from the Despatch Brick Works. Since Andrew Barclay occasionally employed Ogee shaped tanks and since no other tank locomotives of this shape ever came to South Africa, it can be safely assumed that the engine depicted is the Despatch engine.
The third locomotive, PEHB C, then CGR no. 1014, then SAR no. 01014, is believed to be Lowca Engineering's works no. 232 of 1898, which initially went to the Table Bay Harbour Board (TBHB), where it is believed to have been the TBHB's second no. 3 which was probably transferred to Port Elizabeth before 1901.
Works numbers
The builders, works numbers, order dates, original numbers and letterings, renumbering and disposition of the Port Elizabeth Harbour Board locomotives of 1894 are listed in the table. The Fox, Walker and Lowca locomotives are included in the table.
References
0840
0-4-0ST locomotives
B locomotives
Steam locomotives of Rhodesia
Black, Hawthorn locomotives
Chapman & Furneaux locomotives
Hudswell Clarke locomotives
Fox, Walker locomotives
Lowca Engineering locomotives
Cape gauge railway locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1894
1894 in South Africa
Scrapped locomotives
|
46585803
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Results%20of%20the%201985%20Victorian%20state%20election%20%28Legislative%20Council%29
|
Results of the 1985 Victorian state election (Legislative Council)
|
|}
This is a list of Legislative Council results for the Victorian 1985 state election. 22 of the 44 seats were contested.
Results by province
Ballarat
Boronia
Central Highlands
Chelsea
Doutta Galla
East Yarra
Eumemmerring
Geelong
Gippsland
Higinbotham
Jika Jika
Melbourne
Melbourne North
Melbourne West
Monash
North Eastern
North Western
Nunawading
Includes the casting vote by the returning officer.
This result was overturned by the Court of Disputed Returns and a by-election was held.
South Eastern
Templestowe
Waverley
Western
See also
1985 Victorian state election
Members of the Victorian Legislative Council, 1985–1988
References
Results of Victorian state elections
|
52512408
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eirenis%20punctatolineatus
|
Eirenis punctatolineatus
|
Eirenis punctatolineatus is a species of snake of the family Colubridae. It is commonly known as the dotted dwarf racer.
Geographic range
The snake is found in the Middle East.
References
Eirenis
Reptiles described in 1892
Reptiles of the Middle East
|
3887066
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monday%20demonstration
|
Monday demonstration
|
Monday demonstrations, peaceful political demonstrations that take place every Monday evening in Germany:
Monday demonstrations in East Germany in 1989 and 1990, protests against the socialist government of the German Democratic Republic (GDR)
Monday demonstrations against cutbacks in social welfare, starting in 2004
|
29103389
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycena%20lanuginosa
|
Mycena lanuginosa
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Mycena lanuginosa is a species of mushroom in the family Mycenaceae. First collected in 2000 and reported as a new species in 2007, it is known only from lowland oak-dominated forests in central Honshu in Japan. The small mushroom is characterized by its grooved, grayish-brown to violet-brown cap up to in diameter, and the slender grayish-brown to reddish-brown stem covered with minute, fine, soft hairs. The mushroom produces amyloid spores (spores that stain when treated with Melzer's reagent). Microscopic distinguishing features include the smooth, spindle-shaped cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia (cystidia on the gill edge and face, respectively) and the diverticulate elements in the outer layer of the cap and the stem.
Taxonomy, naming, and classification
Mycena lanuginosa was first collected by Haruki Takahashi in 2000, and published as a new species in 2007, along with seven other Japanese Mycena species. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word lanuginosa, meaning "lanugineous", referring to the hairy stem. The Japanese name for the mushroom is Keashi-haiirotake (ケアシハイイロタケ).
The fungus is classified in the section Fragilipedes (Fr.) Quél., as defined by Dutch Mycena specialist Maas Geesteranus. This section is the largest in the genus Mycena.
Description
The cap is in diameter, conical to convex to bell-shaped, and has distinct radial grooves that extend almost to the center. It is dry, and somewhat hygrophanous (changing color as it loses or absorbs water). The surface is initially pruinose (covered with what appears to be a fine white powder), but soon becomes smooth. The cap is dark brown at the center, and gradually changes to reddish-brown and finally to nearly white at the margin. The white flesh is up to 0.5 mm thick, and does not have any distinctive taste or odor. The slender stem is long by thick, cylindrical, attached to the center of the cap, hollow, and dry. The top portion of the stem is pruinose, while near the base the surface is covered with soft, fine hairs. The stem color is grayish-brown to reddish-brown near the top, changing to reddish-brown near the bottom. The stem base is covered with long, fairly coarse, whitish fibrils. The gills are narrowly attached to the stem, distantly spaced (12–18 gills reach the stem), up to 1.5 mm broad, thin, and whitish, with the gill edges the same color as the gill faces.
Microscopic characteristics
The spores are roughly ellipsoid, smooth, thin-walled, colorless, and measure 10–12 by 5.5–6.5 µm. They are amyloid, meaning they will stain blue to black when treated with Melzer's reagent. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are 35–42 by 7–9 µm, club-shaped, four-spored, and have clamps at their bases. The abundant cheilocystidia (cystidia on the gill edge) are thin-walled, and measure 40–80 by 5–15 µm. The smooth, colorless, and thin-walled spindle-shaped cells sometimes come to an abruptly tapering point; they form a sterile gill edge. Like the cheilocystidia, the pleurocystidia (cystidia on the gill face) are also spindle-shaped, abundant, smooth and thin-walled; they measure 63–102 by 8–15 µm. The hymenophoral tissue (tissue of the hymenium-bearing structure) is made of smooth, thin-walled element hyphae that are 3–25 µm wide, roughly cylindrical (often inflated), hyaline (translucent), and dextrinoid (turning reddish to reddish-brown in Melzer's reagent). The cap cuticle is made of parallel, bent-over hyphae that are 2–6 µm wide, and cylindrical. They can be either smooth, or covered with scattered, warty or finger-like thin-walled brownish diverticulae. The underlying hyphae have a parallel arrangement, and are hyaline or brownish, dextrinoid, with short and inflated cells that are up to 35 µm wide. The stem cuticle is made of parallel, bent-over hyphae measuring 3–6 µm wide. These hyphae, as well as the terminal cells (caulocystidia), have characteristics similar to the hyphae of the cap cuticle. The flesh of the stem is composed of longitudinally arranged, cylindrical hyphae that are 6–20 µm wide, smooth, hyaline, and dextrinoid. Clamp connections are present in the cortical layer of cap and stem, and at the basal septa of the basidia.
Similar species
Mycena lanuginosa closely resembles M. pilosella, a species originally described from Netherlands by Maas Geesteranus, and the European species M. zephirus; both are in the section Fragilipedes. Mycena pilosella differs in several microscopic characteristics: it has densely diverticulate elements of the cap cuticle; long, cylindrical caulocystidia that diverge at a right angle; and it does not have pleurocystidia. Mycena zephirus is distinct in forming a whitish cap, a stem that is initially minutely hairy but later becomes smooth, radish-like odor, ellipsoid to cylindrical spores, and cheilocystidia with branches near the tip.
Habitat and distribution
Mycena lanuginosa is known only from Kanagawa, in Honshu, Japan. Fruit bodies are found solitary or scattered, on dead leaves and twigs in lowland forests dominated by the oak species Quercus myrsinifolia and Q. serrata. Fruiting occurs from March to November.
References
External links
The Agaricales in Southwestern Islands of Japan Images of the holotype specimen
lanuginosa
Fungi of Asia
Fungi described in 2007
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39922980
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leepa
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Leepa
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Leepa () is a village in Leepa Valley, Hattian Bala District of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. It is located from Muzaffarabad at the altitude of .
The village is accessible from Muzaffarabad by Muzaffarabad-Chakothi road branches off at Naile which leads to Reshian. From Reshian the remaining can be covered only by jeep.
History
Leepa has been a center of political activities from its earliest days. It is located in Jhelum Valley, district. The dominant surnames of the Leepa people are from different castes, including Sheikh, Choudhry, Malik, Rajput, Awan, Mughal, Abbasi, Butt, Mir.
References
Populated places in Jhelum Valley District
Tehsils of Jhelum Valley District
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37247680
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagocheirus%20cristulatus
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Lagocheirus cristulatus
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Lagocheirus cristulatus is a species of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae. It was described by Bates in 1872, and is known from southern central Mexico to Costa Rica.
References
Beetles described in 1872
Lagocheirus
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2827226
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbiter%20%28electronics%29
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Arbiter (electronics)
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Arbiters are electronic devices that allocate access to shared resources.
Bus arbiter
A bus arbiter is a device used in a multi-master bus system to decide which bus master will be allowed to control the bus for each bus cycle.
The most common kind of bus arbiter is the memory arbiter in a system bus system.
A memory arbiter is a device used in a shared memory system to decide, for each memory cycle, which CPU will be allowed to access that shared memory.
Some atomic instructions depend on the arbiter to prevent other CPUs from reading memory "halfway through" atomic read-modify-write instructions.
A memory arbiter is typically integrated into the memory controller/DMA controller.
Some systems, such as conventional PCI, have a single centralized bus arbitration device that one can point to as "the" bus arbiter.
Other systems use decentralized bus arbitration, where all the devices cooperate to decide who goes next.
When every CPU connected to the memory arbiter has synchronized memory access cycles, the memory arbiter can be designed as a synchronous arbiter.
Otherwise the memory arbiter must be designed as an asynchronous arbiter.
Asynchronous arbiters
An important form of arbiter is used in asynchronous circuits to select the order of access to a shared resource among asynchronous requests. Its function is to prevent two operations from occurring at once when they should not. For example, in a computer that has multiple CPUs or other devices accessing computer memory, and has more than one clock, the possibility exists that requests from two unsynchronized sources could come in at nearly the same time. "Nearly" can be very close in time, in the sub-femtosecond range. The memory arbiter must then decide which request to service first. Unfortunately, it is not possible to do this in a fixed time [Anderson 1991].
Ivan Sutherland and Jo Ebergen, in their article "Computers without Clocks", describe Arbiters as follows:
"An Arbiter is like a traffic officer at an intersection who decides which car may pass through next. Given only one request, an Arbiter promptly permits the corresponding action, delaying any second request until the first action is completed. When an Arbiter gets two requests at once, it must decide which request to grant first. For example, when two processors request access to a shared memory at approximately the same time, the Arbiter puts the requests into a sequence, granting access to only one processor at a time. The Arbiter guarantees that there are never two actions under way at once, just as the traffic officer prevents accidents by ensuring that there are never two cars passing through the intersection on a collision course."
"Although Arbiter circuits never grant more than one request at a time, there is no way to build an Arbiter that will always reach a decision within a fixed time limit. Present-day Arbiters reach decisions very quickly on average, usually within about a few hundred picoseconds. [...] When faced with close calls, however, the circuits may occasionally take twice as long, and in very rare cases the time needed to make a decision may be 10 times as long as normal."
Asynchronous arbiters and metastability
Arbiters break ties. Like a flip-flop circuit, an arbiter has two stable states corresponding to the two choices. If two requests arrive at an arbiter within a few picoseconds (today, femtoseconds) of each other, the circuit may become meta-stable before reaching one of its stable states to break the tie. Classical arbiters are specially designed not to oscillate wildly when meta-stable and to decay from a meta-stability as rapidly as possible, typically by using extra power. The probability of not having reached a stable state decreases exponentially with time after inputs have been provided.
A reliable solution to this problem was found in the mid-1970s. Although an arbiter that makes a decision in a fixed time is not possible, one that sometimes takes a little longer in the hard case (close calls) can be made to work. It is necessary to use a multistage synchronization circuit that detects that the arbiter has not yet settled into a stable state. The arbiter then delays processing until a stable state has been achieved. In theory, the arbiter can take an arbitrarily long time to settle (see Buridan's principle), but in practice, it seldom takes more than a few gate delay times. The classic paper is [Kinniment and Woods 1976], which describes how to build a "3 state flip flop" to solve this problem, and [Ginosar 2003], a caution to engineers on common mistakes in arbiter design.
This result is of considerable practical importance, as multiprocessor computers would not work reliably without it. The first multiprocessor computers date from the late 1960s, predating the development of reliable arbiters. Some early multiprocessors with independent clocks for each processor suffered from arbiter race conditions, and thus unreliability. Today, this is no longer a problem.
Synchronous arbiters
Arbiters are used in synchronous contexts as well in order to allocate access to a shared resource. A wavefront arbiter is an example of a synchronous arbiter that is present in one type of large network switch.
References
D.J. Kinniment and J.V. Woods. Synchronization and arbitration circuits in digital systems. Proceedings IEEE. October 1976.
Carver Mead and Lynn Conway. Introduction to VLSI Systems Addison-Wesley. 1979.
Ran Ginosar. "Fourteen Ways to Fool Your Synchronizer" ASYNC 2003.
J. Anderson and M. Gouda, "A New Explanation of the Glitch Phenomenon ", Acta Informatica, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 297–309, April 1991.
External links
Digital Logic Metastability
Metastability Performance of Clocked FIFOs
The 'Asynchronous' Bibliography
Efficient Self-Timed Interfaces for Crossing Clock Domains
Electrical circuits
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7236516
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanazawa%20Seaside%20Line
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Kanazawa Seaside Line
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The is an automated guideway transit line operated by which operates between Shin-Sugita in Isogo Ward to Kanazawa-Hakkei in Kanazawa Ward in Yokohama. It opened on July 5, 1989.
The operator company was called until the name change on October 1, 2013.
Accident
On 1 June 2019 at 20:15 (JST), a train ran in the opposite direction and collided with a bumping post, injuring about 20 passengers at Shin-Sugita Station.
Station list
References
External links
Official English website
Official website
People mover systems in Japan
Railway lines opened in 1989
1989 establishments in Japan
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47499817
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Manley
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Andrew Manley
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Andrew Manley is an American football quarterback. Manley went to New Mexico State University and Eastern Illinois University, where he was the team's quarterback before joining the Alouettes in 2015. He was released by Montreal on July 28, 2015.
Manley then went on to begin his coaching career as the assistant OC for Coach June Jones at Kapolei High School on Oahu for one season.
References
Montreal Alouettes players
Eastern Illinois Panthers football players
New Mexico State Aggies football players
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American football quarterbacks
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5205215
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration%20cell
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Concentration cell
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In battery technology, a concentration cell is a limited form of a galvanic cell that has two equivalent half-cells of the same composition differing only in concentrations. One can calculate the potential developed by such a cell using the Nernst equation. A concentration cell produces a small voltage as it attempts to reach chemical equilibrium, which occurs when the concentration of reactant in both half-cells are equal. Because an order of magnitude concentration difference produces less than 60 millivolts at room temperature, concentration cells are not typically used for energy storage.
A concentration cell generates electricity from the reduction in the thermodynamic free energy of the electrochemical system as the difference in the chemical concentrations in the two half-cells is reduced. The same reaction occurs in the half-cells but in opposite directions, increasing the lower and decreasing the higher concentration. The energy is generated from thermal energy that the cell absorbs as heat, as the electricity flows. This generation of electricity from ambient thermal energy, without a temperature gradient, is possible because the convergence of the chemical concentrations in the two half-cells increases entropy, and this increase more than compensates for the entropy decrease when heat is converted into electrical energy.
Concentration cell methods of chemical analysis compare a solution of known concentration with an unknown, determining the concentration of the unknown via the Nernst Equation or comparison tables against a group of standards.
Concentration cell corrosion occurs when two or more areas of a metal surface are in contact with different concentrations of the same solution. There are two general types of concentration cells.
Concentration cells can be electrode concentration cells or electrolyte concentration cells.
Electrolyte Concentration cell - In this type of cell electrodes in both the half cells are made up of same substances and electrolyte is the solution of same substances but with different concentration.
Electrode Concentration cell - In this type of cell two electrodes of same substance but with different concentration are dipped in same solution.
Metal ion concentration cells
In the presence of water, a high concentration of metal ions will exist under faying surfaces and a low concentration of metal ions will exist adjacent to the crevice created by the faying surfaces. An electrical potential will exist between the two points. The area of the metal in contact with the lower concentration of metal ions will be cathodic and will be protected, and the area of metal in contact with the higher metal ion concentration will be anodic and corroded.
Oxygen concentration cells
Water in contact with the metal surface will normally contain dissolved oxygen. An oxygen cell can develop at any point where the oxygen in the air is not allowed to diffuse uniformly into the solution, thereby creating a difference in oxygen concentration between two points. Corrosion will occur at the area of low-oxygen concentration, which are anodic.
Active-passive cells
If a metal is protected against corrosion by a tightly adhering passive film (usually an oxide) and salt deposits on the surface in the presence of water, the active metal beneath the film will be exposed to corrosive attack in areas where the passive film is broken. An electrical potential will develop between the large area of the passive film (cathode) and the small area of the exposed active metal (anode). Rapid pitting of the active metal will result.
See also
Activity coefficient
Electrochemical potential
Ion transport number
ITIES
Liquid junction potential
Membrane potential
Thermogalvanic cell
Osmotic power
Oxygen sensor § Zirconia sensor - an application of a concentration cell.
References
Battery types
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50579026
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just%20the%203%20of%20Us
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Just the 3 of Us
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Just the 3 of Us is a 2016 Philippine romantic comedy-drama film directed by Cathy Garcia Molina with a script developed and written by the collaboration of Kiko Abrillo, Gillian Ebreo, Katherine Labayen, and Vanessa R. Valdez, and was produced by ABS-CBN Film Productions. The film stars John Lloyd Cruz, and Jennylyn Mercado with a special participation of Richard Yap. It was released on May 4, 2016 under Star Cinema.
The film marks Cruz and Mercado's first movie project together. In Just the 3 of Us, Jennylyn plays a flight stewardess who is deeply infatuated with a pilot played by John Lloyd. The film was a critical and commercial success earning worldwide.
Synopsis
The film revolves around Uno Abusado (John Lloyd Cruz) and CJ Manalo (Jennylyn Mercado) who are both involved in the airline industry. The former is an airline pilot who aspires to be a captain and the latter is part of the ground crew who aspires to be a flight attendant. After a one night stand the two were forced to live together to deal with each other's contrasting personalities with Manalo now pregnant and claiming that Abusado is the father of her unborn child.
Cast
John Lloyd Cruz as First Officer Uno Abusado
Jennylyn Mercado as CJ Manalo
Richard Yap as Captain Alex Gatchalian
Joel Torre as Arturo Manalo
Billy Roque as Jill
Ketchup Eusebio as Tyson
Maria Isabel Lopez as Lulu Manalo
Joem Bascon as BJ Manalo
Yana Asistio as Pauline
Victor Silayan as Tim
Fifth Solomon as Felix
Manuel Chua as AJ Manalo
PJ Endrinal as DJ Manalo
Michael Agassi as Dexter
Josef Elizalde as Jerome
Jed Montero as Daisy
Lucas Maggalang as FJ Manalo
Paulo Angeles as EJ Manalo
Baron Geisler as Marco
Chun Sa Jung as Hopia
Release
The film's theatrical release was initially scheduled in March 2016. The scheduled released was moved to April 27, 2016 and later to May 4, 2016 to achieve simultaneous international screenings. The film was also simultaneously released internationally in selected cinemas in Australia, Canada, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore and the United States, as well as in the Middle East, Europe and Saipan in the Northern Mariana Islands.
Marketing
In late February 2016, the trailer for the film was released. The title of the film was revealed to the public through the trailer. Earlier, Jennylyn Mercado posted an image of her with John Lloyd Cruz at her official Facebook page announcing to the public of a then-upcoming Star Cinema film where she and John Lloyd Cruz would be paired together.
The official theatrical poster of Just the 3 of Us was released through Star Cinema's Instagram account on March 27, 2016. Jennylyn Mercado and John Lloyd Cruz made live appearance and also made guest appearances in GMA and ABS-CBN, their respective networks, to promote the film.
Music
The official theme song of the film is "Getting To Know Each Other" and was recorded by It's Showtime host Billy Crawford. The music video for the song premiered on April 5, 2016 via Star Music's YouTube channel. The music video stars real life couple Billy Crawford and Coleen Garcia.
Reception
Box office
As of June 2016, Just the 3 of Us has grossed () worldwide.
Philippines
The film opened in the Philippines on May 4, alongside Viva Films' This Time. It made on its opening day compared to This Time with . This was confirmed on Mico del Rosario's Instagram account. On May 9, it breached the mark in the box office, the 3rd Filipino film in 2016 to reached the mark.
Other Countries
According to Box Office Mojo, on their first week of showing on United Arab Emirates it earned $128,630 in its opening week . While on United Kingdom it earned $14,437, on New Zealand it earned $3,373, and on Australia it earned $20,282.
Critical reception
Just the 3 of Us received mixed to positive reviews from film critics.
Movies Philippines gave a mixed review, saying that "Just The 3 Of Us is everything you love about John Lloyd and Jennylyn in one movie. Their charms, their ability to make people laugh effortlessly and of course their effectiveness in dramatic scenes. But it’s disappointing to see them in a Star Cinema formula, though tried and tested, it still feels tired." with a rating of 3 stars out of 5. Oggs Cruz from Rappler praised the two main actors, stating that "Cruz and Mercado seamlessly turn their characters’ errors and dysfunctions into anchors for affection."
Just the 3 of Us is graded B by the Cinema Evaluation Board of the Philippines (CEB).
Possible sequel
Director Cathy Garcia-Molina, says that Star Cinema is planning a sequel for Just the 3 of Us if not another film starring Jennylyn Mercado and John Lloyd Cruz, following the film's box office feat.
References
External links
2016 films
Philippine films
Filipino-language films
2016 romantic comedy films
Philippine romantic comedy films
Star Cinema films
Films directed by Cathy Garcia-Molina
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11527334
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco%20Colmenero
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Francisco Colmenero
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José Francisco Colmenero y Villanueva (born February 28, 1932 in Federal District of Mexico, Mexico), known professionally as Francisco Colmenero, is a Mexican voice actor and voice director. After the death of his father, his brother in law, voice actor and voice director Edmundo Santos, offered him a job as his private driver then Colmenero accepted. During his time working as the driver of Edmundo Santos, Colmenero met the muse of Santos, the voice actress Estrellita Díaz with whom he started an affair and after a while Díaz convinced Santos to use Colmenero as a dubbing actor for additional voices (although Colmenero wasn't an actor nor having any knowledge of acting) debuting in The Adventures of Rin Tin Tin in 1954.
In 1959 Santos as a gesture of kindness referred Colmenero to Enrique Candiani, CEO of the back then new dubbing company Servicio Internacional de Sonido for hire him as voice director.
After the death of Edmundo Santos in 1977, Colmenero and his siblings took over the dubbing company of Santos called Grabaciones y Doblajes, S.A. and never informed their main customer, The Walt Disney Company, about the passing of Santos and Colmenero became the almost absolute voice director in the company after putting his brother Jorge as the production manager. This era of Disney's Latin Spanish dubs was known for excessive repetition of a few actors in all the dubs directed by Colmenero for Disney arranging the castings to make the client believe that Colmenero's group had been selected.
In 1988 Disney's localization executives learned the truth about the castings and the death of Santos then The Walt Disney Company filed a lawsuit to Grabaciones y Doblajes, S.A. meanwhile for the pending dubs were hired the studios Intersound in Los Ángeles and Servicio Internacional de Sonido in Mexico City. A few time later voice actor Javier Pontón was hired as dubbing creative manager for then recent created Disney Character Voices International assuring Disney's Latin Spanish dubs in Los Ángeles and other studios of Mexico City different of Grabaciones y Doblajes keeping a hard supervision over castings and performance.
Filmography
Voice Dubbing Director
Mary Poppins (1980 re-dubbing)
Movie and TV dubbing
John Locke in LOST (2006-)
Uncle Albert from Mary Poppins (originally voiced by Ed Wynn)
Old Deuteronomy in Cats (1998 film)
Pescadara staff member in Terminator 2: El Juicio Final (1991)
Barney from The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas (Originally voiced by Stephen Baldwin)
Truck driver in Terminator (1984)
Earl Sinclair in Dinosaurios (1993)
Super Friends narrator
Wonder Woman adventures narrator
Phineas and Ferb dubbing director, narrator
Arthur Hoggett in Babe (1995) and Babe: Pig in the City (1998)
Narrator in The Iron Giant (1999)
Animated movie characters
Glynn in Thomas & Friends: The Adventure Begins (2015)
Flintheart Glomgold/Chester And Burger Beagle in Patoaventuras:Remasterizado (2020)
Goofy from Mickey Mouse until Goof Troop
Sheriff in Cars (2006)
Amos Slade in El Zorro y el Sabueso 2 (2006)
Sheriff Brown in Vacas Vaqueras (2004)
Horacio in 101 dálmatas II: Una nueva aventura en Londres (2003)
Narrator in La Bella Durmiente redub (2001)
Alcalde Phlegmming in Ósmosis Jones (2001)
Gruñon in Blancanieves redub (2001)
Gruñon and Pumbaa in El Show del Ratón
Gruñon and Pumbaa in El Rey León 3
Gruñon and Pumbaa in Una Navidad con Mickey
Pumbaa in Timon y Pumbaa
Pumbaa in El Rey León 2: El Reino de Simba
Narrator in Blancanieves redub (2001)
Santa Claus in Rudolph, el reno de la nariz roja (1998)
Cornelius in Bichos (1998)
Father in Ferngully II: El Rescate Mágico (1998)
Puffin in La princesa encantada (1994)
Pumbaa in El Rey León (1994)
Narrator in Ferngully: Las aventuras de Zak y Crysta (1992)
Hexxus in Ferngully: Las aventuras de Zak y Crysta (1992)
Crysta's Father in Ferngully: Las aventuras de Zak y Crysta (1992)
Narrator in La Bella y la Bestia (1991)
Bartholomew, Thug Guard #1, Bar Guy, and Citizen in Policías y Ratones (1986)
One of the Soldiers in El caldero mágico
Clyde the Crow in Katy La Oruga
Cronos in El Secreto de NIHM (1982)
Amos Slade in El Zorro y el Sabueso (1981)
Yattaran in Capitán Raymar (1981)
Inspector Eduardo Scott in Lupin III: La Película (1980)
Hoagie in Pete's Dragon (Pedro y el Dragón Elliot – 1977)
Mr. Snoops in Bernardo y Bianca (1977)
King Richard Lionheart in Robin Hood (1973)
The Sheriff of Nottingham in Robin Hood (1973)
Sir Crocodile in Robin Hood (1973)
Templeton in Charlotte's Web (1973)
Mr. Toplofty in An American Tail: The Treasure of Manhattan Island (2000)
Lafayette in The Aristocats (Los Aristogatos – 1970)
Bugs Bunny in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies (1970)
Fat Crow in Dumbo (1969)
Dizzy in El Libro de la Selva (1967)
Feliz in Blancanieves y los Siete Enanos (1964)
Horacio in 101 Dalmatas (1961)
Pedro in the Disney shorts (1956-)
Bull and Tofi in Lady and the Tramp (1955)
Fly in Hotel Transylvania (2012) and Hotel Transylvania 2 (2015)
Jemmy the Cat in Hans Christian Andersen's The Little Mermaid (1975)
References
External links
Francisco Colmenero at Behind The Voice Actors
1932 births
Living people
Mexican male actors
Mexican male voice actors
Male actors from Mexico City
Mexican voice directors
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39896230
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigo%20Gil%20de%20Borja%20y%20Fennolet
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Rodrigo Gil de Borja y Fennolet
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Roderic Gil de Borja i Fennolet was a Valencian noble from Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia, with origins in the town of Borja, Zaragoza. He held the title of the Jurat de l'Estament Militar de Xàtiva in 1395, 1406 and 1407 respectively, a title that had been held by many previous generations of this branch of the Borja family based on Ventres street in Xàtiva. This same branch, of which Rodrigo Gil was the Head of House, would later go on to become the infamous Borgia family in Italy.
Biography
The birth date of Rodrigo Gil de Borja y Fennolet is unknown, although he is known to have lived in Xàtiva. He was the only son of Rodrigo de Borja and his first wife Sabina Anglesola, though he also lived with his stepmother whose last name he inherited, Francesca de Fenollet (d. 1375), apparently after the death of his mother. His paternal grandfather was Gonzalo Gil de Borja, who, like Rodrigo Gil, served as Jurado del Estamento Militar de Xàtiva in 1340. Neither of his maternal grandparents are known. His paternal ancestor, Rodrigo de Borja, the presumed founder of their house, participated in the Conquest of Orihuela in 1272.
Marriage and Descendants
Rodrigo Gil de Borja y Fennolet married Sibilia de Escrivà y Pròixita, also of Xàtiva, who died in 1409. She was the daughter of Andreu Guillem Escrivà i Pallarès, the Señor de Agres and Señor de Betrillent who died in 1397, and his wife, Sibilia de Pròixita. The couple had six children:
Jofré de Borja y Escrivà (whose son would go on to become Pope Alexander VI)
Gil de Borja y Escrivà
Joan de Borja y Escrivà
Rodrigo de Borja y Escrivà
Galceran de Borja y Escrivà
Joana de Borja y Escrivà
References
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Spanish untitled nobility
Rodrigo Gil
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6485820
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canberra%20International
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Canberra International
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The Canberra International (sponsored by Richard Luton Properties), was a women's tennis tournament held in Canberra, Australia. The event was affiliated with the Women's Tennis Association (WTA), and was classed variously as a Tier III (2001), a Tier V (2002–2005), and a Tier IV (2006) on the WTA Tour. It was competed on outdoor hardcourts. The event was intended to be one of the build-up tournaments to the first Grand Slam event of the year, the Australian Open.
The tournament was held at the National Sports Club in the Northern Canberra suburb of Lyneham and was played on Rebound Ace hardcourts. A singles and doubles competition was held each year. The singles prize winner received US$16,000 and 95 tournament points. Justine Henin and Ana Ivanovic, both of whom went on to win Grand Slam titles and become World No.1, were amongst the singles champions.
Past finals
Singles
Doubles
See also
List of tennis tournaments
External links
Official website
Sports competitions in Canberra
WTA Tour
Recurring sporting events established in 2001
Recurring sporting events disestablished in 2006
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43182838
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteuria%20nishizawae
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Pasteuria nishizawae
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Pasteuria nishizawae is a mycelial and endospore-forming bacterium parasitic on cyst nematodes of genera Heterodera and Globodera.
References
Further reading
External links
LPSN
Bacillales
Bacteria described in 1992
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19013898
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konorzatka
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Konorzatka
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Konorzatka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Adamów, within Łuków County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately south of Adamów, south-west of Łuków, and north-west of the regional capital Lublin.
The village has a population of 220.
References
Villages in Łuków County
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63375757
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferenc%20V%C3%B6lgyesi
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Ferenc Völgyesi
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Ferenc András Völgyesi (11 February 1895, Budapest – 3 July 1967, Uccle) was a controversial Hungarian physician, psychiatrist and hypnotist who published dozens of articles and books, had a prosperous private practice, and gained fame in Hungary and abroad. Völgyesi, along with Ara Jeretzian, established a medical clinic during the latter days of World War II credited with saving the lives of approximately 400 Jews. Völgyesi also served as an agent of the Hungarian Secret Service, codenamed "Viktor", starting in 1962.
Early life
Ferenc Völgyesi was born in 1895 to Ábrahám (Adolf) Völgyesi and Hermina (Mária) Klein. His father was the owner of the Zöldvadász restaurant and the Trieszti nők pub in Budapest. After his death, Völgyesi's mother ran the establishments, and invested in apartment houses. Völgyesi was Jewish but in 1938 Völgyesi and his family converted to Lutheranism.
Völgyesi claimed that at the age of 17 he first discovered his ability to hypnotize. He hypnotized an 18-year-old girl who remained catatonic for three days.
Medical training and military service
Völgyesi started medical studies in 1912 at the University of Medicine in Budapest. He was deployed in 1916, before graduating from medical school, to the battle fought between Hungarian and Russian troops on the Dniester River, where he recounts, "I was doing my medical supervising circuit on horseback on a beautiful sunny morning in May, and listening with a smile to the trivial complaints of the healthy sunburnt young artillerymen from Budapest...suddenly the Russian artillery opened fire...That was the first time I heard the terrible, agonized death-cry of HELP -- break forth simultaneously from a whole crowd of men...I had to amputate limbs with a penknife, and without any local anesthetic." Völgyesi received his medical degree in 1917 and soon after established a successful private practice, which was initially shared with the celebrated lay hypnotist Alfréd Pethes.
In 1912–1914, Völgyesi was an intern, and later teaching assistant at the Anatomical Institute of the University of Budapest. After his graduation, he served as a surgeon, and was later certified as a neurologist. In 1917, he was one of the founders of the Trade Union of Physicians and of the Újpest and Rákospalota National Ambulance Association. He served at the Military Command, and was later transferred to the 72nd Artillery Battalion, the 1st Division, and in 1918-1919 was the Chief Paramedic of the Hungarian Red Army. He attained First Lieutenant and later Major rank (in 1945 he was commissioned Major in reserve). In a letter written in 1944 requesting exemption from anti-Jewish regulations, he asserted that he had incited the paramedic corps against the Communist regime, was sentenced to death, but managed to flee to Transdanubia, and volunteered to the Hungarian National Army, led by Miklós Horthy, becoming Chief Paramedic of the Szombathely and Budapest Artillery Corps. He received a number of decorations during his service, and after the Soviet occupation of Hungary in 1945 was also awarded the Commemorative Medal for the Hungarian Soviet Republic. In the interwar period, he served as an assistant physician at the Departments of Neurology and Orthopedy of the Szt. János Hospital. After obtaining a certificate in medical forensics in 1927, he also served as a forensic expert.
Hypnosis Practice
Initially Völgyesi focused his practice on treating trauma from the recent war. But he discovered, to his surprise, that the "victims of so-called peace" were as numerous as the victims of war.
He often scheduled his patients so that they would spend lengthy amounts of time in the waiting room with other patients, who were instructed to "talk about anything except your illness." He saw this as a useful form of informal group therapy.
In 1920, Völgyesi published the book Hypnosis: the Place and Application of Hypnosis in Modern Medicine.
During 50 years of medical practice Völgyesi's writings were widely published and reprinted, with 250 articles and 25 books in Hungarian, English, French, German, Spanish and Russian. According to him, between 1917 and 1963 he treated more than 62,000 patients, using hypno-suggestive therapy more than 800,000 times. However, his broader fame came from his experiments in animal hypnosis rather than with human subjects, an important aspect of hypnosis research largely forgotten by historians.
In his works, Völgyesi described and gave photographic evidence for the hypnosis of lobsters, crocodiles, birds, bears, lions, monkeys, and other animals to become frozen in a state of hypnotic catalepsy. He aimed to prove the common biological origins of hypnotic states in both man and animals. He maintained in this written works that the ability to hypnotize animals suggested that verbal suggestion was not the only method of hypnosis, and that these nonverbal techniques were applicable to humans as well.
In 1939 the photographer Andor Fischer filed a lawsuit against Völgyesi, claiming that Völgyesi did not pay for the photos that Fischer was hired to take of hypnotized animals. Fischer further asserted that the photos were copies of drawings of hypnotized animals, or photos of animals that were not hypnotized. The photo of the bear, for example, that Völgyesi claimed had hypnotized, was, according to Fischer, actually taken in a Hungarian circus after the chained animal had been tortured, and the chains were subsequently erased from the photo. The court denied Fischer's claims.
In 1939 Völgyesi toured North America and Europe and gave a lecture at Yale University. He was also received by Clark Hull, William Brown, Julian Huxley, and Carl Jung, among others.
Völgyesi's writings also veered into discussions of the temperaments of women and men, mysticism, love, war, happiness, civilization, and personal anecdotes. For instance, a 1942 published review of one of Völgyesi's books describes that, "the opus as a whole is uninterpretable, moreover, it is even not clearcut because of its mosaic-like nature in which professional knowledge is merged with anecdotes, and mysticism is implanted into natural science."
German Recruiting Attempts
German psychiatrist (and active National Socialist) Matthias Göring attempted to recruit Völgyesi in 1938 to form a "national group" of psychiatrists in Hungary to affiliate with the Nazi regime. Völgyesi responded to Göring with reasons that he could not support the establishment of such a group.
Hungarian newspapers during this period of time made reference to Völgyesi's academic relationship with Göring. An attempt was made to parlay Völgyesi's correspondence with Göring into a "protected Jew" status for Völgyesi during the Arrow Cross period in Hungary. Also referring to his relations with Göring, Völgyesi wrote a petition in June 1944, requesting exemption from anti-Jewish regulations on account of his "counterrevolutionary conduct" against the Hungarian Soviet Republic, and his military service and decorations.
In 1942, Völgyesi volunteered to the Hungarian Army as a regiment paramedic in reserve, but was only allowed to serve for a short period of time. Between April and November 1944, he did labor service at the Szt. János Hospital but soon established his own clinic at his apartment.
Yellow Star House at 1 Zichy Jenő Street
In late 1944 the Nazi-allied Arrow Cross Party took control of Hungary and accelerated efforts to round up and deport Jews. Völgyesi co-led the conversion of an apartment building at 1 Zichy Jenő utca in Budapest, where Völgyesi and his family resided, into a medical clinic staffed by mostly Jewish doctors and nurses. The clinic took in all patients in need of care, including Jews, Arrow Cross soldiers, and (later) Russian soldiers. While the effort was mainly led by an Armenian-born Christian named Ara Jeretzian, who obtained false and real permits at great personal risk to operate the clinic in defiance of official orders to resettle all Jews in another part of town, Völgyesi also played a key role, and put himself and his family at great risk. Völgyesi's reputation as a world-famous psychiatrist helped to keep the clinic from being shut down by the authorities. A life-sized portrait of Völgyesi in a gold-plated frame was covered with a life-sized portrait of Ferenc Szálasi, leader of the Arrow Cross Party.The clinic managed to stay open up until the Russian occupation of Budapest, saving the lives of approximately 400 Jews who had been harbored there. According to Jeretzian's memoir, Jeretzian obtained papers in order for Völgyesi, a Jew, to avoid being detained during the Arrow Cross period, and he also harbored Völgyesi's wife in his apartment to avoid surprise raids and deportation. Later, Völgyesi turned angry toward Jeretzian for delaying the restoration Volgyesi's apartment to his personal use, as the space was still being used to treat patients. This caused Volgyesi to complain about Jeretzian to the Soviet occupying forces, who imprisoned and tortured Jeretzian for six months.
Postwar life
In 1945, Völgyesi reportedly praised the Red Army in a newspaper article, and later claimed that he had been in contact with the Soviet military counterintelligence services. Between 1945 and 1948 he was a member of the Social Democratic Party, but was expelled before its merger with the Communist Party of Hungary in 1948. In 1950, Völgyesi began working at the Péterfy Hospital, while continuing to receive patients at his private practice. In 1949, Völgyesi was criticized in the newspaper of the Communist Party of Hungary for his allegedly unscientific methods, and was expelled from the Trade Union of Physicians. However, he was quickly readmitted.
In 1949, Cardinal József Mindszenty, the leader of the Catholic Church in Hungary, was convicted of treason against the Communist People's Republic of Hungary in a show trial widely condemned by the international community. Mindszenty was extensively tortured and was forced to sign a confession. Völgyesi was repeatedly accused of playing a role in "preparing" Cardinal József Mindszenty, Archbishop of Esztergom and leader of the Catholic Church in Hungary, for his 1949 show trial. Notably, however, there seems to be no evidence to his involvement in the trial in the Historical Archives of the Hungarian State Security, the memoirs of Mindszenty, or in the books in which the documents of the case were published. According to Margit Balogh's monumental biography of Mindszenty, the story of Mindszenty's hypnosis by Völgyesi was made up László Sulner, a handwriting expert involved in the trial. Sulner presented his claims of using hypnosis and drugs on Mindszenty to the US Consulate in Austria, who were suspicious of the allegations. Later, Sulner published the story in the Chicago Sun-Times. A document from the Radio Free Europe archives dated 1956 claims that Völgyesi "prepared" Mindszenty for the trial. Völgyesi's wife was reported to have complained that Völgyesi's colleagues cut off social contact with them as a result of his role in the Mindszenty trial. In the spring of 1963 the Voice of America relayed a similar report, claiming that Völgyesi hypnotized Mindszenty following orders from the leader of the State Protection Authority (ÁVH), Gábor Péter, and ÁVH Colonel István Bálint, a torture expert, and later Head of the Medical Division of the ÁVH. This report seems to have resulted in Völgyesi and his wife being denied entry visas to Canada, and a delay in being issued visas to the United States, making it impossible for them to visit their daughter and her newborn daughter there.
The Hungarian Secret Service began conducting surveillance on Völgyesi not later than 1957 (codename "Charlatan"), and continued to do so until at least May 1963. Starting in 1962, Völgyesi, codenamed "Viktor," agreed to participate as an informant to the Hungarian Secret Service. Völgyesi was asked or offered to spy on a variety of people with whom he had family, professional, and social ties, such as his sons-in-law (one of whom was a language interpreter for the Cabinet of the European Common Market in Brussels), his patients (including the First Secretary of the Austrian Embassy in Hungary), "American millionaire" Bruce Gelb, and economist and art historian John Michael Montias. Volgyesi's primary motivation for agreeing to spy for the regime was to obtain permission for him and his wife to travel abroad, as all three of their children had emigrated from Hungary. Völgyesi also co-led spiritualist circles aiming to convince patients to choose specific surgeons to perform operations in exchange for large payments, warning that the patients would otherwise die. He also, it was claimed, attempted to contact deceased Nazi leaders from the spirit world, to ask for regime change in Hungary.
References
1967 deaths
20th-century Hungarian physicians
1895 births
Hungarian Jews
Hungarian psychiatrists
Hungarian hypnotists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quorn%20Baptist%20Church
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Quorn Baptist Church
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Quorn Baptist Church is a Baptist church in the village of Quorn, Leicestershire, England. The church is part of the Baptist Union but its congregation is made up of Christians from a variety of church backgrounds. It is a Grade II listed building.
History
The original meeting house was the granite house opposite the present chapel, which was licensed for meetings in 1760. It was the home of Robert Parkinson, who played an important role in the church's founding. By 1766, preaching was being conducted regularly, the congregation had grown and, in 1770, a neat, plain meeting house was built at a cost of £270.
In 1780, a Sunday school was started by John Gamble. The same year, the church held a revival, with a hundred believers professing their faith and offering themselves for baptism. The meeting house was enlarged in 1780 at a cost of £160, but by 1790 it was again found to be too small to seat the members so the walls and roof were raised and galleries placed on three sides, all at a further cost of £200.
The three-storied middle building housing the present vestry was erected in 1818. Further alterations took place in 1846 and 1861, all to give more seating. In 1884, some old cottages were purchased, demolished and the present Sunday Schoolroom built in 1897 at a cost of £540.
Current Church Activities
In 2011, the pews and organ were removed to make the church more accessible and to support its present mission. The church has a choir, a kids' club, and monthly communion. The minister is Ian Smith.
References
External links
Baptist churches in Leicestershire
Grade II listed churches in Leicestershire
Borough of Charnwood
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33835708
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haut-Katanga%20District
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Haut-Katanga District
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Haut-Katanga District (Upper Katanga District) is a former district located in the former Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The copper mining centers of Lubumbashi and Likasi were surrounded by the district but were administratively separate.
Historical province
From 1963 to 1966, the area was constituted as Katanga Oriental. In 1966, it was merged with the former Lualaba Province to create Sud-Katanga, and was then merged into the new Shaba Region. Presidents of Katanga Oriental were:
13 Aug 1963 - 20 Jul 1965 Édouard Bulundwe (b. 1932)
20 Jul 1965 - 24 Apr 1966 Godefroid Munongo (s.a.)
Approximate correspondence between historical and current province
Successor provinces
Haut-Katanga district was part of a proposed Haut-Katanga province to be established when the country's new constitution was implemented, originally slated for February 2009.
The new province was to include the current district and also the cities of Lubumbashi and Likasi, with Lubumbashi as its capital.
The re-partition was completed in 2015, forming Haut-Katanga Province.
Territories
Kambove
Kasenga
Kipushi
Mitwaba
Pweto
Sakania
References
Haut-Katanga Province
Districts of Katanga Province
Districts of the Belgian Congo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20English%20subjunctive
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Old English subjunctive
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In Old English, The subjunctive mood is a flexible grammatical instrument for expressing different gradients in thought when referring to events that are not stated as fact. In modern English only remnants of a once complex system of separate conjugations exist. Where Old English tended to use conjugation to concisely express meaning modern English instead relies on simpler modal constructions which typically require more words.
Etymology
The word subjunctive as used to denote grammatical mood derives directly from the Latin modus subjunctivus. This, in itself, is a translation from Greek. The original Greek term is hypotaktike enklisis i.e. subordinated mood. In Greek the subjunctive is almost exclusively used in subordinate clauses. The earliest known usage of the term subjunctive in English dates from the 16th century.
History
The subjunctive mood in Old English can, theoretically, be traced back to its origins in the Indo-European proto language i.e. the reconstructed hypothetical proto language that is deemed to be the parent of many language families. These include Germanic languages (including English), Latinate Romance languages, Slavic languages, Celtic languages and several others, of which the Anatolian Branch is completely extinct. It has two closely related moods: the subjunctive and the optative. Many of its daughter languages combined or confounded these moods.
Indo-European optative
In Indo-European, the optative mood was formed with a suffix *ieh or *ih. (containing sounds as explained by laryngeal theory). It expressed wishes or hopes.
Indo-European subjunctive
In Indo-European, the subjunctive was formed by using the full ablaut grade of the root of the verb, and adding the thematic vowel *-e- or *-o- to the root stem, with the full, primary set of personal inflections. The subjunctive was the Indo-European irrealis, used for hypothetical or nonfactual situations.
Proto-Germanic subjunctive
Already in Proto-Germanic (the distant ancestor of English, German, Dutch and Yiddish, as well as others), the optative became completely subsumed by the subjunctive. An example of the sound shifts evident after this subsuming can be seen in the verb beran 1st pers. sing. pret. sub. bērī, 2nd pers. sing. pret. sub. bērīz, 3rd pers. sing. bērī and respectively the plural forms bērīme, bērīd̵, bērīd̵.
From Proto-Germanic, the subjunctive mood passed down into the Ingvaeonic Anglo-Frisian group, also referred to as Insular Germanic, of which Old English is a member. Simplification of inflexions took place along the way. The preterite subjunctive of beran now has only one form for singular, bǣre, and also only one form for plural, bǣren.
Modern English
The subjunctive is rarely used in modern English presenting difficulties for modern speakers. One use in modern English is to state conclusions contrary to fact, as in the example from the song If I Were a Carpenter: "If I were a carpenter, and you were a lady, would you marry me anyway?" - the use of the subjunctive were (compared with the indicative was) implies that the speaker is not a carpenter.
Another use of the subjunctive in modern english is for noun clauses that follow certain types of verbs of command and desire. In this usage the subjunctives convey that the noun clause is describing a state that is a possibility driven by a command or desire, yet not a present reality or future certainty. The following are examples: "I wish that I were wiser", "I move that the knight be deposed" or "The king commanded that the knight go on a quest".
Bibliography
Hasenfratz, Robert and Jambeck, Thomas. "Reading Old English". West Virginia, USA, West Virginian Press, 2005.
Old English grammar
Grammatical moods
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7614194
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajon%20Witherspoon
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Lajon Witherspoon
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Lajon Witherspoon (born October 3, 1972) is an American singer and songwriter who is the lead vocalist of Atlanta-based rock band Sevendust.
Members from bands such as Staind, Seether, Alter Bridge, and Diecast have listed Witherspoon and Sevendust as musical influences. In March 2008, Witherspoon was recognized in Hit Parader as one of the "Top 100 Metal Vocalists of All Time." He was ranked number 35, placing over numerous famous rock vocalists such as Bret Michaels, Scott Weiland, and David Bowie.
Early life and career
Lajon Witherspoon was born in Nashville, Tennessee, but grew up in Atlanta, Georgia with his parents, along with his brother Reginald Ladon Witherspoon. Witherspoon's father was a singer in a funk band when his family lived in Nashville. Before getting into music, Witherspoon played football and wrestled for Norcross High School. He also practiced judo for a number of years, but eventually chose music over sports as his primary activity.
Before his days in Sevendust, Witherspoon was the frontman of a soul group, Body & Soul. In 1994, his group supported local group Snake Nation at a gig. Impressed by his vocal abilities, Vinnie Hornsby and Morgan Rose asked Witherspoon to sing for their band. Guitarist John Connolly, the former drummer of the Piece Dogs, and Lee Banks joined them to form Rumblefish. The name was soon changed to Crawlspace. When the band's schedule proved too much for Banks, Clint Lowery from North Carolina's Still Rain replaced him. The band had to change their name again when a group on the west coast claimed the rights to it. Struggling with a new moniker, the members settled on Sevendust after Hornsby found a can of Sevin (an insecticide powder) in his grandmother's garage.
On Saturday, November 9, 2002, Lajon's brother Reginald (age 21) was fatally shot in Nashville, Tennessee. Lajon heard the news from his father just minutes before the band's performance in St. Joseph, Minnesota. His father urged him to go on with the show and dedicate it to Reginald. Sevendust had postponed all shows until November 15 where they performed in Hampton Beach, New Hampshire.
Lajon Witherspoon recorded a song titled "Ready to Go" for the NHRA's 10-song compilation, released on June 1, 2010. He talked about recording a solo project after the end of the touring and promotion cycle for Sevendust's ninth record, Black Out the Sun. He has released three singles called "Love Song," “Black or White,” and a cover of “Chainsmoking” originally performed by Jacob Banks In regards to “Love Song,” Lajon said, "I think it resonates with what's going on in the world today," says Lajon Witherspoon regarding the inspiration of the song.
Personal life
Witherspoon has a wife, Ashley; two daughters, Maya Diane and Jada Legend; and a son, Kingston.
Discography
Other appearances
NHRA Compilation 2010 - various artists - "Ready to Go" (2010)
A Dream in Static - Earthside - "Mob Mentality" (2015)
Truth Rising - Hed PE - "Stand Up" (2010)
Moment of Impact - Eye Empire - "Victim (of the System)" (2010)
Dearly Beloved - Daughtry - "Hunger Strike" (2021)
References
External links
Lajon Witherspoon Facebook official page
1972 births
Living people
African-American rock musicians
African-American rock singers
American baritones
American heavy metal singers
Musicians from Atlanta
Musicians from Nashville, Tennessee
Norcross High School alumni
Nu metal singers
Sevendust members
21st-century American singers
21st-century American male singers
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56199000
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicksteed
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Wicksteed
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Wicksteed may refer to:
People
Alexander Wicksteed, English traveller and writer
Charles Wicksteed (1810–1885), Unitarian minister, part of the tradition of English Dissenters
Charles Wicksteed (1847–1931), British engineer, businessman, and entrepreneur
Connie Wicksteed or Habeas Corpus (play), stage comedy in two acts by the English author Alan Bennett
Philip Wicksteed (1844–1927), known primarily as an economist
Thomas Wicksteed (1806–1871), notable English civil engineer of the 19th century
Associated with Kettering
Wicksteed Park, amusement park in Kettering, Northamptonshire, England
St. Michael's & Wicksteed (Kettering BC Ward), a ward of Kettering Borough Council, created by boundary changes in 2007
Wicksteed (Kettering BC Ward), two-member ward within Kettering Borough Council
See also
Wicked (disambiguation)
Wickstead, a surname
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6826942
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefanaconi
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Stefanaconi
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Stefanaconi () () is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Vibo Valentia in the Italian region Calabria, located about southwest of Catanzaro and about east of Vibo Valentia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,477 and an area of .
The municipality of Stefanaconi contains the frazione (subdivision) Morsillara.
Stefanaconi borders the following municipalities: Francica, Gerocarne, Pizzoni, Sant'Onofrio, Soriano Calabro, Vazzano, Vibo Valentia.
Demographic evolution
Surnames
11 most common names in Stefanaconi.
Franzè
Lopreiato
Matina
Fortuna
Solano
Arcella
Cugliari
De Fina
Maluccio
Meddis
Piperno
References
External links
www.comuneweb.it/StefanaconiHome/
Cities and towns in Calabria
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29450998
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbes%20Harchi
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Abbes Harchi
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Abbes Harchi (; born 11 May 1936) is a Moroccan épée and foil fencer. He competed in three events at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1936 births
Living people
Moroccan male épée fencers
Olympic fencers of Morocco
Fencers at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Casablanca
Moroccan male foil fencers
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1842070
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20McNamara
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John McNamara
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John McNamara or Macnamara may refer to:
Politics
John Macnamara (MP), MP for Leicester in the 1780s
John McNamara (Australian politician) (fl. 1850s), New South Wales politician
John Macnamara (1905–1944), British Army officer and politician
John McNamara, mayor of Rockford, Illinois (1981–89)
Sports
John J. McNamara (author) (1932–1986), banker, author and Olympic sailor
John McNamara (baseball) (1932–2020), American baseball manager
Jackie McNamara Sr. (born 1952), Scottish footballer
Jackie McNamara (born 1973), Scottish footballer
JT McNamara (1975–2016), Irish steeplechase jockey
Others
John J. McNamara (1876–1941), one of the McNamara brothers who bombed the office of the Los Angeles Times in 1910
John Michael McNamara (1878–1960), American clergyman of the Roman Catholic Church
John McNamara (VC) (1887–1918), recipient of the Victoria Cross
John J. McNamara (architect) (fl. 1930s–1960s), American theater architect
John Leo McNamara (1922–2004), Australian bushman, poet, historian and author
John R. McNamara (1927–2001), U.S. Navy officer and Catholic bishop
John McNamara (artist) (born 1950), American artist
John McNamara (sportswriter) (1961/2–2018), sports reporter killed in the Capital Gazette shooting
John McNamara (writer) (born 1962), co-creator of Profit
John McNamara (fraudster) (fl. 1980s–1990s), Long-Island car dealer convicted of defrauding GMAC
John McNamara (mathematical biologist), English mathematical biologist
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18748223
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manning%20House%20%28Andover%2C%20Massachusetts%29
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Manning House (Andover, Massachusetts)
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The Manning House is a historic house in Andover, Massachusetts. It was built c. 1760 for Hezekiah Ballard, a local farmer. Ballard sold the property to Thomas Manning, a cordwainer, in 1771, and it has been in the Manning family ever since. The main block of the house is a -story colonial structure with a gambrel roof, which is rare in Andover for the period. Its main entrance is into a projected central vestibule, and there are a series of additions added to the back of the house.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Andover, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places listings in Essex County, Massachusetts
References
Houses in Andover, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Andover, Massachusetts
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Essex County, Massachusetts
Georgian architecture in Massachusetts
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8616339
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20Bay%20%28New%20Jersey%29
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Great Bay (New Jersey)
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Great Bay is located in southern New Jersey's Atlantic Coastal Plain in Ocean and Atlantic Counties, about north of Atlantic City and south of New York City. The Mullica River flows into the bay, and together they form the Mullica River - Great Bay estuary habitat. The bay is connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Little Egg Inlet. Great Bay is considered one of the least-disturbed marine wetlands habitats in the northeastern United States.
General
Great Bay averages about in depth, and extensive areas of the estuarine substratum are covered with benthic algae and some vascular plants (seagrasses). Eelgrass (Zostera marina) beds are an important component of the submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) community in Great Bay, generally where depths are or less but, due to the slightly greater depth in Great Bay, these are not as ubiquitous as they are in the Barnegat/Manahawkin/Little Egg system to the north. Extensive areas ( of intertidal sandflats and mudflats occur in the bay, a result of the sediment load from the Mullica River and the movement of sand in through Little Egg Inlet.
Sealife
Finfish make up an important component of the bay's ecosystem. The bay provides an important nursery area for bluefish, weakfish, menhaden, and spot (Leiostomas xanthurus), as well as spawning habitat for winter spawners such as sandlance (Ammodytes americanus) and winter flounder and summer spawners like bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli), silversides (Menidia spp.), gobies (Gobiosoma spp.), wrasses (Labridae spp.), and northern pipefish (Syngnathus fuscus).
Fisheries investigations were conducted in the 1970s by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection to determine the fishery composition and life stages of estuarine fish using this specific bay. Sixty-six species were caught during these studies and, as in the Barnegat system, the catches were dominated by forage species, with bay anchovy and Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia) being very abundant. The top ranked fish by their relative abundance were: bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli), Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia), silver perch (Bairdiella chrysoura), alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), striped killifish (Fundulus majalis), sea herring (Clupea harengus), white perch (Morone americana), northern puffer (Sphoeroides maculatus), oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau), and striped anchovy (Anchoa hepsetus). Commercial fisheries activities include the harvest of northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria), blue crab (Callinectes sapidus), white perch, winter flounder, and American eel (Anguilla rostrata). The bay is an important spawning and nursery area for blue crab. The area between Graveling Point and the Wading River tributaries supports large eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) beds, many of which are considered extremely productive seed beds.
Mullica River - Great Bay estuary
The Mullica River - Great Bay estuary habitat complex encompasses the entire Mullica River - Great Bay estuary and tidal river from its headwater streams to its connection with the New York Bight through Little Egg Inlet. Included are all riverine and estuarine wetlands to the limit of tidal influence of the Mullica River and its tributaries, the open waters of Great Bay and adjacent salt marsh habitat from the mouth of the Mullica River to Little Egg Inlet, and the inlet itself. This nearly pristine estuary provides seasonal or year-round habitat for a variety of anadromous, estuarine, marine, and freshwater fish and shellfish, nesting and migratory waterbirds and raptors, migratory and wintering waterfowl, and rare brackish and freshwater tidal communities and plants. Also included in the habitat complex are several small palustrine (nontidal) wetlands immediately adjacent to the estuary that contain exemplary rare natural communities and plant occurrences. Great Bay is part of the New Jersey backbarrier lagoon system, and the resources here are similar to those found in the Barnegat Bay complex to the north and the Brigantine Bay and Marsh complex to the south. The watershed of the Mullica River in the New Jersey Pinelands is described as part of the New Jersey Pinelands narrative. The majority of the watershed is protected by the Pinelands Comprehensive Management Plan, several large federal and state wildlife management areas, and state forests.
The coastal salt, brackish, and freshwater marshes in the Mullica River - Great Bay estuary are extremely important to waterfowl, raptors, wading birds, and shorebirds. Raptors utilize the tidal marshes for nesting and for foraging throughout the year. Osprey nest on platforms in numerous locations throughout the salt marshes of this system. Significant concentrations of migrating and wintering waterfowl occur in the Mullica River - Great Bay estuary, with an average of over 12,000 waterfowl counted on midwinter aerial surveys.
Sources
USGS evaluation
Bodies of water of Atlantic County, New Jersey
Bays of New Jersey
Intracoastal Waterway
Bodies of water of Ocean County, New Jersey
Mullica River
Wetlands of New Jersey
Estuaries of New Jersey
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55517410
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc%20Ortner
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Marc Ortner
|
Marc Ortner (born 17 March 1998) is an Austrian football player. He plays for SV Spittal/Drau.
Club career
He made his Austrian Football First League debut for Floridsdorfer AC on 21 July 2017 in a game against SC Austria Lustenau.
References
External links
1998 births
Living people
Austrian footballers
Austria youth international footballers
Floridsdorfer AC players
SK Austria Klagenfurt players
SV Spittal players
2. Liga (Austria) players
Association football defenders
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6124187
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical%20Tripos
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Classical Tripos
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The Classical Tripos is the taught course in classics at the Faculty of Classics, University of Cambridge. It is equivalent to Literae Humaniores at Oxford. It is traditionally a three-year degree, but for those who have not previously studied Latin and Greek, a four-year course has been introduced. It is not essential to have a Greek A-Level to study for the three-year degree as intensive Greek teaching is available, but most students will have a Latin A-Level.
Classics at Cambridge consists of language (Greek and Latin), classical literature, ancient history, classical art and archaeology, classical philosophy, and linguistics.
Parts of the degree
Prelims to Part I
Taken by those doing the four-year course, this is an introduction to Latin, with Greek being taken up in Part IA.
Part IA
During the first year, undergraduates take subjects to gain a general idea of the ancient world and to discover which area is most appealing to them. Much of the work is language based; written texts are a major source of evidence for classical antiquity and so there is an emphasis in Part I on developing fluent, accurate reading skills in both Greek and Latin.
Although roughly three-quarters of the course is taken up with developing language skills, both centred on the set texts and in unseen translation, students are also expected to study literature, philosophy, history, linguistics and philology, and art and archaeology.
Part IB
There is a wider choice in the second year and undergraduates narrow down their field of study. Whilst they have to study Language and Literature, the choice of Literature is wider, and they choose two out of History, Art and Archaeology, Philosophy and Linguistics.
Part II
Part II gives the widest choice. It is possible to completely focus on one subject, or to choose a broad range of subjects. Candidates take four papers, although one of these papers may be substituted by a 10,000-word thesis.
History
The classical tripos was created in 1822 for students who had high honours in mathematics or those who were the sons of peers. This restriction ended around 1850.
Women
Women were first allowed to sit the examination at the end of the nineteenth century.
In 1887, Agnata Butler ( Ramsay), a student at Girton College, was the only candidate to be placed in the top division of the first class in Classical Tripos examinations – thereby being placed above all of the men in her year. It was marked with a cartoon in Punch which was entitled 'Honour to Agnata Frances Ramsay' and showed her boarding a train's first-class compartment marked 'For Ladies Only'.
References
Sources
External links
Tripos Examinations
Academic courses at the University of Cambridge
Tripos
Classical studies
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1948258
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ten%20Man%20Mop%2C%20or%20Mr.%20Reservoir%20Butler%20Rides%20Again
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Ten Man Mop, or Mr. Reservoir Butler Rides Again
|
Ten Man Mop or Mr. Reservoir Butler Rides Again is the third album by Steeleye Span, recorded in September 1971. It was issued on the short-lived Pegasus label, and then the Mooncrest label, also in 1971 (Crest 9). It was not initially issued in the US until Chrysalis acquired the group's first three albums in 1975, when it reissued all three in the UK and US. Tracks like "Four Nights Drunk", "Marrowbones", and "Wee Weaver" are essentially pure folk. It was the last album to feature founding member Ashley Hutchings; he left the band in November 1971, just after its completion, partly because he felt that the album had moved too far toward Irish music and away from English music. The band was also considering touring America, and Hutchings was reluctant to make the trip.
The album begins with an adaptation of the Christmas carol "Gower Wassail". "When I was on Horseback" is one of the few folk songs to have an alternative existence as a blues song, sometimes known as "Six White Horses". It is also an Irish variant of a tune that inspired "Streets of Laredo" and "St. James Infirmary Blues". The last song, "Skewball", employs an effective counterpoint between a banjo and an electric guitar.
The album was notable for having a textured "gatefold" sleeve and inner pages on its original release. This was paid for by the band but cost more to print than the album generated in profits, meaning the band lost money on each album sold. It appeared as such on the Pegasus and Mooncrest labels. None of the re-releases have included the original number of pages of liner notes.
The album's curious title and subtitle require some explanation. A 'mop' or 'mop fair' is a late medieval term for a job fair, where labourers come looking for work. (The song "Copshawholme Fair", from the band's first album Hark! The Village Wait, is about such a fair.) The conceit was that the band was out of work and job-hunting. A 'ten man mop' would be a very poor show, since there would be few potential employees to choose from. The even more curious subtitle is a reference to Reservoir Butler, who had originally performed one of the songs covered on the album. The band was so struck by his unusual name that they decided it needed to be saved from obscurity.
The photograph on the sleeve was taken by John Benjamin Stone in about 1900. Entitled "'Sippers' and 'Topers'", it is of two villagers at the Bidford Mop, an annual fair held at Michaelmas in the village of Bidford-on-Avon, Warwickshire. The village has a centuries-old reputation for heavy drinking.
Bonus tracks
When Castle Music re-released Ten Man Mop... it added a substantial number of bonus tracks. On the first disc, these included "General Taylor" and three versions of the Buddy Holly song "Rave On!". A second disc was included that contained a recording from Radio One in Concert with John Peel, dated 26/9/71 (following British dating conventions). The quality of the recording was quite variable, but the bonus tracks include a number of pieces not released on any album.
Personnel
Steeleye Span
Maddy Prior - vocals, spoons, tabor
Tim Hart - vocals, dulcimer, guitars, organ, 5-string banjo, mandolin
Peter Knight - fiddle, tenor banjo, mandolin, vocals, timpani
Ashley Hutchings - bass guitar
Martin Carthy - vocals, guitar, organ
Sandy Roberton - producer
Track listing
Original album released by Pegasus Records PEG 9 in 1971. Re-issued by Mooncrest Records CREST 9 in 1974, CREST 009 (vinyl) in 1991 and CRESTCD 009 (CD) in 1991:
"Gower Wassail"
"Jigs: Paddy Clancey's Jig / Willie Clancy's Fancy" (instrumentals)
"Four Nights Drunk"
"When I Was On Horseback"
"Marrowbones"
"Captain Coulston"
"Reels: Dowd's Favourite / £10 Float / The Morning Dew" (instrumentals)
"Wee Weaver"
"Skewball"
Additional tracks on the Castle Music re-issue CMQDD 1252 in 2006:
10. "General Taylor" (studio outtake)
11. "Rave On" ('scratched' effect, original single version)
12. "Rave On" (cleaned-up 'two verse' version)
13. "Rave On" (cleaned-up 'three verse' version)
Additional tracks on the Castle Music re-issue CMQDD 1252 bonus CD in 2006:
BBC "Peel's Sunday Concert" 15 September 1971
01. "False Knight on the Road"
02. "The Lark in the Morning"
03. "Rave On"
04. "Reels: £10 Float / The Musical Priest"
05. "Captain Coulston"
06. "Martin Carthy: Handsome Polly-O"
07. "Martin Carthy: Bring 'Em Down / Tim Hart: Haul on the Bowline"
08. "Four Nights Drunk"
09. "When I Was on Horseback"
10. "Tim Hart & Maddy Prior: I Live Not Where I Love"
11. "Peter Knight: The Wind That Shakes the Barley / Pigeon on the Gate / Jenny's Chickens"
12. "Female Drummer"
13. "General Taylor"
14. "College Grove / Silver Spear / Ballymurphy Rake / Maid Behind the Bar"
References
1971 albums
Chrysalis Records albums
Steeleye Span albums
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13076799
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participatory%20impact%20pathways%20analysis
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Participatory impact pathways analysis
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Participatory impact pathways analysis (PIPA) is a project management approach in which the participants in a project (project and program are used synonymously from now on), including project staff, key stakeholders, and the ultimate beneficiaries, together co-construct their program theory.
Overview
The PIPA theory describes plausible impact pathways by which project outputs are used by others to achieve a chain of outcomes leading to a contribution to eventual impact on social, environmental or economic conditions. Impact pathways are a type of logic model, that is, they constitute a model that describes the logic of what the project will do, is doing, or what it did.
PIPA helps workshop participants identify, discuss, and write down assumptions and theories about how the project activities and outputs could contribute to project goals. The description of these assumptions and theories is a description of the project’s impact pathways. PIPA has helped workshop participants to:
Clarify and communicate the project’s logic of intervention and its potential for achieving impact
Understand other projects and identify areas for collaboration
Generate a feeling of common purpose and better programmatic integration
Produce an impact narrative describing the project's intervention logic
Produce a framework for subsequent monitoring and evaluation
History
PIPA was first used in a workshop in January 2006 in Ghana, with seven projects funded by the "Challenge Program on Water and Food". Nine PIPA workshops have been held since then for 46 projects. Researchers from the International Center for Tropical Agriculture, WorldFish Center, and International Potato Center are developing PIPA.
PIPA developed from innovation histories and work carried out by the Institutional Learning and Change Initiative. A paper describing PIPA was accepted for publication in the Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation.
PIPA topics
PIPA projects
PIPA is useful when two or more projects in the same program wish to better integrate. At least two people for each project should attend, preferably the project leader and someone else who knows the project and has time and inclination to follow up on what comes out of the workshop. PIPA also works well when one project wishes to build up common understanding and commitment from its stakeholders. In this case, two or more representatives from each important stakeholder group should attend.
PIPA process
PIPA can be used at the beginning of a project, in the middle or at the end as way of documenting and learning from the project. PIPA describes project (or program) impact pathways in two ways: (i) causal chains of activities, outputs and outcomes through which a project is expected to achieve its purpose and goal; and (ii) networks of evolving relationships between project implementing organizations, stakeholders and ultimate beneficiaries that are necessary to achieve the goal. The workshop process, shown in the diagram, develops the two perspectives in turn and then integrates them.
PIPA Workshop
The workshop begins with participants developing a problem tree that links the project goal framed in terms of a challenge or problem to what the project is actually going to do. The approach used for developing the problem tree is based on work by Renger and Titcombe (2003). The problem tree helps participants clarify the key problems / opportunities their projects are addressing, and the outputs (things others will use) that their projects need to produce. Participants then carry out a visioning exercise, which borrows from appreciative inquiry, to describe project success two years after the project's conclusion based on the adoption and use of project outputs. These three steps (see diagram) usually take about a day to complete and provide the information needed to describe a causal chain of outcomes needed to achieve success.
The second part of the workshop involves drawing the networks of people and organizations who are already working in the area and then drawing the networks that will be needed to achieve the project vision. Analyzing the differences between the two can help identify an effective communication strategy. The final step is to integrate the causal chain and the network perspectives by drawing a timeline.
Optionally, monitoring and evaluation can be discussed by identifying SMART criteria (specific, measurable, attributable, realistic, and time-bound) to measure expected change, and by identifying "most significant change" to pick up unexpected ones. A key component of any evaluation plan is that project staff periodically revisit their vision, problem trees, and network maps to update them, identify necessary changes to the timeline, and document the changes.
After the workshop
The information from PIPA workshops has been used in a number of ways:
At a minimum a clean record is kept of the workshop outputs to provide impact hypotheses for any future impact evaluation and to help communicate the project's rationale.
The evaluators who run the workshops have worked with project staff to write impact narratives similar to John Mayne’s (2004) performance stories, that explains the logic of the project intervention in a narrative form as writing a coherent narrative can surface otherwise hidden assumptions.
The information from the network maps has been processed using social network analysis software Ucinet and NetDraw to produce composite maps that show which CPWF projects are working with which organizations. These maps help the basin coordinators do their job.
See also
Program evaluation
Logic model
Evaluation
References
Further reading
B; Alvarez et al. (2008). "Participatory Impact Pathways Analysis: A practical method for project planning and evaluation". in: ILAC Brief No. 17. The ILAC Initiative, Bioversity.
Douthwaite, B. et al. (2003). "Impact Pathway Evaluation: An approach for achieving and attributing impact in complex systems". In: Agricultural Systems 78 pp243–265
Douthwaite, B. et al. (2007). "Participatory Impact Pathways Analysis: A Practical Application of Program Theory in Research-for-Development". In: The Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation Vol. 22 No. 2 Pages 127-159.
Douthwaite, B. et al. (2007). "Impact pathway evaluation of an integrated Striga hermonthica control project in Northern Nigeria". Agricultural Systems. 92 pp 201–222
Mayne, J. 2004. "Reporting on outcomes: setting performance expectations and telling performance stories". In: The Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation Vol. 19 (1) pp. 31–60
Renger, R. and Titcomb, A. (2002). "A Three-Step Approach to Teaching Logic Models" In: American Journal of Evaluation. 23: 493-503
External links
The Participatory Impact Pathways Analysis Wiki: more about PIPA and references
Project management techniques
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15033912
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottle%2C%20Kentucky
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Cottle, Kentucky
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Cottle is an unincorporated community in Morgan County, Kentucky, United States. It lies along U.S. Route 460 southeast of the city of West Liberty, the county seat of Morgan County. Its elevation is 801 feet (244 m).
A post office was established in the community in 1931, which was named for Joseph Cottle, an early settler.
References
Unincorporated communities in Morgan County, Kentucky
Unincorporated communities in Kentucky
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49158522
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siroch%20Chatthong
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Siroch Chatthong
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Siroch Chatthong (, born 8 December 1992), simply known as Pipo (), is a Thai professional footballer who plays as a winger, he has also been used as a striker for Thai League 1 club Chiangrai United and the Thailand national team.
Career statistics
Club
International career
In August 2016, he made his debut for Thailand as a substitute in an away friendly match against Qatar. In the following month, September 2016, he was a substitute again for Thailand replacing Narubadin Weerawatnodom in the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (AFC) against Japan at Rajamangala Stadium.
International
International goals
Senior
Honours
Club
Muangthong United
Thai League Cup (1): 2017
Mekong Club Championship (1): 2017
PT Prachuap FC
Thai League Cup (1): 2019
BG Pathum United
Thai League 1 (1): 2020–21
International
Thailand
AFF Championship (1): 2016
King's Cup (1): 2017
References
External links
Siroch Chatthong at Soccerway
1992 births
Living people
Siroch Chatthong
Siroch Chatthong
Siroch Chatthong
Association football forwards
Siroch Chatthong
Siroch Chatthong
Siroch Chatthong
Siroch Chatthong
Siroch Chatthong
Siroch Chatthong
Siroch Chatthong
2019 AFC Asian Cup players
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41766618
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.%20H.%20Kemper
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A. H. Kemper
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Adolph H. Kemper (September 6, 1880 – July 2, 1954) was a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives.
Biography
Kemper was born on September 6, 1880, in Lancaster, Wisconsin. He died in a traffic accident on July 2, 1954, in Salem, South Dakota.
Career
Kemper was a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives from 1941 to 1944. He was a Republican. Kemper was elected from Sioux Falls, where he had lived.
References
External links
Politicians from Sioux Falls, South Dakota
People from Lancaster, Wisconsin
Members of the South Dakota House of Representatives
South Dakota Republicans
1880 births
1954 deaths
20th-century American politicians
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47927053
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobingen%E2%80%93Landsberg%20am%20Lech%20railway
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Bobingen–Landsberg am Lech railway
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The Bobingen–Landsberg am Lech railway (also called Lechfeld railway or Lechtal railway) is a branch line in Swabia and Upper Bavaria.
The existing Bobingen-Kaufering railway since 1877 is a 22.6 km long single-track link between the Augsburg-Buchloe and Munich-Buchloe lines. From the perspective of railway operations, part of the Lechfeld railway was opened (Kaufering-Landsberg am Lech branch) five years before the main part was finished.
History
Pre-WWII
On 1 September 1847, the 60.19 km long connection from Augsburg Central Station via Bobingen and Buchloe to Kaufbeuren was opened up as a result of the Bavarian Act of 25 August 1843. In Bobingen a branch was opened on 15 May 1877, which is a 22.6 km long Lechfeld track to Kaufering.
A 4.83 km extension was opened on 1 November 1872 to Landsberg am Lech. The Fox Valley Railway leads from there for 28.71 km to Schongau and has traveled for the first time on 16 November 1886. The Landsberg station is the interface between the Lechfeld railway and the Landsberg am Lech–Schongau railway (or Fuchstalbahn: Fox Valley Railway) between Landsberg am Lech and Schongau.
In addition to the civilian use, Lechfeld railway was also used in military. So a 7.4 km long parallel track between Klosterlechfeld and the military training area was relocated. In this way, equipment and soldiers could be implemented quickly. In addition, there was a siding for ammunition depot.
Post-WWII
The scale of the 19th century infrastructure along the railway was dismantled after World War II. The military railway was closed in 1957. The freight was set similar to many other secondary lines in the 1990s and terminated appropriate systems (freight tracks and goods warehouses). The route is only used by the Augsburg Localbahn as connection towards Schongau.
The railcar service were not abandoned despite prolonged discussions. After integration in the Allgäu-Swabia clock face service the frequency of trains was increased and then new railcars were put into service. In 2002, Lechfeld railway celebrated its 125th anniversary.
On 21 October 2012, the Graben (Lechfeld)-Gewerbepark station opened between Oberottmarshausen and Lagerlechfeld. It improved connections to an industrial park, which had opened in recent years.
References
Footnotes
Sources
External links
Railway lines in Bavaria
Railway lines opened in 1877
Rail transport in Augsburg
Buildings and structures in Augsburg (district)
Buildings and structures in Landsberg (district)
1877 establishments in Germany
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36281893
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312%20Liga%20Indonesia%20Premier%20Division%20knockout%20stage
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2011–12 Liga Indonesia Premier Division knockout stage
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The knockout stage of 2011-12 Liga Indonesia Premier Division took place between July 5, 2012 and July 8, 2012 with the final at the Manahan Stadium in Surakarta, Central Java. To determine which teams who were to be promoted to the Indonesia Super League After the completion of the group stage on 1 July 2012, four teams qualified for the semi-finals (two from each group), which were played from 5 July 2012. The Champions, Runner-Up, and the 3rd Place finishers directly qualified to the 2012-13 Indonesia Super League with the 4th-place finisher qualified via Play-off with the 15th-place finisher of the 2011-12 Indonesia Super League.
Qualified teams
Bracket
Semi-finals
Persepam vs Barito Putera
PSIM vs Persita
Third-placed
Final
Promotion/Relegation play-off
NB:
(O) = Play-off winner; (P) = Promoted to 2012–13 Indonesia Super League; (R) = Relegated to 2012–13 Liga Indonesia Premier Division.
References
Knockout stage
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20412735
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Kubalov
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Alexander Kubalov
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Alexander Kubalov () (1871, Stary Batakoyurt, Terek Oblast – 1937) was an Ossetian writer.
1871 births
1937 deaths
People from Terek Oblast
Ossetian writers
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv alumni
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23174517
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market%20for%20loyalties%20theory
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Market for loyalties theory
|
Market for Loyalties Theory is a media theory based upon neoclassical economics. It describes why governments and power-holders monopolize radio, satellite, internet and other media through censorship using regulations, technology and other controls. It has also been used to theorize about what happens when there is a loss of monopoly or oligopoly.
History and elements of the theory
The theory was originally developed in the 1990s by Monroe Price, professor of law at Cardozo Law School and professor of communication studies at the Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania. His theory explains media regulation in terms of a market with an exchange, not of cash for goods or services, but identity for loyalty.
Price describes sellers as: "Sellers in the market are all those for whom myths and dreams and history [i.e,. identity] can somehow be converted into power and wealth—classically states, governments, interest groups, business and others." Price illustrates buyers, medium of exchange, and their relationship:
The "buyers" are citizens, subjects, nationals, consumers—recipients of packages of information, propaganda, advertisements, drama, and news propounded by the media. The consumer "pays" for one set of identities or another in several ways that, together, we call "loyalty" or "citizenship."
Payment, however, is not expressed in the ordinary coin of the realm: It includes not only compliance with tax obligations, but also obedience to laws, readiness to fight in armed services, or even continued residence within a country.
Finally, the concept of identity consists of a party platform, ideology, or national ideals and aspirations. It may be as ephemeral as the hope for a better future or as concrete as the desire for a national homeland. Identity is valuable to buyers as it contains both the legacy of their history and the promise of their dreams for the future (whether it is for wealth, a better life, or an education).
The central idea is that governments and power-holders act in such a way as to preserve their control over the market. The theory was applied with respect to markets offering identity through various media—radio and satellite broadcasting and the internet.
Market for loyalties and monopolies
When a monopoly or oligopoly over the flow of information is lost, the unavoidable consequence is destabilization. Market for Loyalties Theory predicts the consequences of loss of control through the application of the concept of elasticity.
All other factors being equal, the less elasticity in the market prior to the loss of monopoly or oligopoly, the greater the destabilizing effect of the loss of such control.
Four factors affect elasticity: the number of substitute products (or identities) in the market and their closeness to the good in question; effects from marginal consumers; complications from wholesale and retail marketing; and the temporal, informational, and transaction costs necessary for consumers to learn about and take advantage of competing products.
Substitute goods consist of two items where "a rise in the price of one causes an increase in demand for the other." In 1926, Marco Fanno, an Italian economist, demonstrated that elasticity (and more importantly, stability) increase with additional substitutes. In the case of the Market for Loyalties, the more substitutes for "identity", and by implication the more competition of "identity" in the instance of oligopoly, the more elastic the demand curve and the less destabilizing a loss of monopoly or oligopoly over an information environment will have. Furthermore, as the number of competing messages of identity in the Market for Loyalties approaches infinity, the presence of any new message of identity should have infinitesimal effect. Thus, when the concept of elasticity is applied to Market for Loyalties Theory, it creates an argument supporting the broadest possible freedom of speech.
A complete understanding of the economics underlying the loss of monopoly control over the market requires consideration of other factors of elasticity besides substitute goods. Additional consumers of identity, who were sidelined during prior periods of oligopoly. For instance Shi'a were marginalized in Iraq from fully participating in society during Saddam Husein's regime, and the Shi'a presence after the fall of the regime would increase demand in the Market for Loyalties.
Another important factor affecting elasticity in the Market for Loyalties and stability after loss of monopolized control is the presence of retail and wholesale markets. In Iraq the significance of tribalism, whereby loyalty could be sold "wholesale" had the effect of locking in the choices of individuals to their particular tribe. They simply were not free to choose their allegiances. The ultimate effect was to increase the inelasticity of the demand curve, thereby increasing the instability after the Market for Loyalties became more open following the removal of Saddam Husein's regime (the principal censor of information in the market).
High transaction costs (the cost of switching loyalty) also can work to create a steep demand curve and instability following monopoly control. The cost of shifting identity with and loyalty to various tribes, political organizations, and religions can be quite high—resulting in a loss of family, friends and social standing and even trigger persecution. In an intolerant society, the high transaction costs of shifting one's identity and loyalty also operate to produce an inelastic demand curve and instability upon opening of a Market for Loyalties that had been previously constricted by monopoly or oligopoly.
See also
Censorship
Freedom of information
Freedom of speech
Media studies
References
Media studies
Freedom of speech
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67839303
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamanaicken%20Palayam
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Kamanaicken Palayam
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Kamanaicken Palayam (Tamil - காமநாயக்கன் பாளையம்) is a town panchayat in the Tiruppur District in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. There are a total of 15 wards in the Panchayat.
There are more than 15 cotton yarns, weaving mills and looms around the Kamanayakan camp.
Administration
According to the 2009 district reorganization it will no longer be called a Town Panchayat in the future. In addition, the work of extracting electricity from wind turbines is in progress. The regional head office of the windmill operates here.
Politics
Kamanayakan Palayam is the hometown of AIADMK MLA Thiru Kanagaraj, who won the 2016 assembly elections in Sulur constituency by a margin of 36,000 votes. Currently, Sulur legislator V. P. It is noteworthy that Kandasamy belongs to the same town.
Facilities
The town has
Weekly Market here is 98 years old. This weekly market was created during the British rule.
Old library. There is also a new library.
Police Station
Kamanayakan Palayam Police Station was inaugurated by Queen Elizabeth II during the British rule. This police station was opened on 15.05.1926. It is the oldest police station in the history of Tamil Nadu Police.
Transportation
It is 28 km from here. The railway station at Tirupur is 38 km away. In the distance is the Coimbatore International Airport. Buses are also available from Kamanayakan Palayam to Pollachi, Thrissur, Guruvayur, Palladam, Tiruppur, Sulur Gobichettipalayam, Coonoor, Coimbatore, Bangalore, Dharmapuri, Hosur, Udumalai, Erode, Salem and city buses. The Tirupur-Pollachi route is served by buses every 5 minutes. Special buses are available for Palani, Anaimalai and Thiruvannamalai on special days.
Kamanayakan Palayam Junction
The Kamanayakan Palayam junction is the junction of four roads. Pollachi and Kerala State Roads are located through this town. Thus, it is the most important road for thousands of vehicles every day. There are four most important roads from Kamanayakan Palayam to Avinashi via Palladam. one road from Kamanayakan Palayam to Pollachi, one road from Kamanayakan Palayam to Annur and one road from Kamanayakan Palayam to Vavipalayam via Udumalaipettai. This causes occasional traffic congestion on the four-lane road. It is noteworthy that it has now emerged as a city that sees a century past them all.
Educational Institutions
Konguraja Primary School
Panchayat Union Primary School
Government High School
Two of the Anganwadi Centers
Kamban College of Arts and Sciences
Scade College of Technology
Other Names
kamanaickenpalayam
Kamanaickenpalayam
References
www.tnpolice.gov.in
ICICI bank local
Cities and towns in Tiruppur district
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65367261
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsel%20Kararbo
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Marsel Kararbo
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Marsel Alexander Kararbo (born October 1, 1994) is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays for Liga 2 club Persewar Waropen as a left winger.
Club career
Persipura Jayapura
In 2018, Kararbo signed a contract with Indonesian Liga 1 club Persipura Jayapura. He made his league debut on 7 April 2018 in a match against PS TIRA at the Mandala Stadium, Jayapura.
Persela Lamongan
He was signed for Persela Lamongan to played in Liga 1 on 2019 season. Kararbo made his league debut on 17 May 2019 in a match against Madura United at the Surajaya Stadium, Lamongan.
Persewar Waropen
Kararbo joined the Persewar Waropen club in the 2020 Liga 2. This season was suspended on 27 March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The season was abandoned and was declared void on 20 January 2021.
References
External links
Marsel Kararbo at Soccerway
Marsel Kararbo at Liga Indonesia
1994 births
Living people
Indonesian footballers
Liga 1 (Indonesia) players
Liga 2 (Indonesia) players
Persewangi Banyuwangi players
Persipura Jayapura players
Persela Lamongan players
Persewar Waropen players
Association football midfielders
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555991
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daiei%2C%20Tottori
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Daiei, Tottori
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was a town located in Tōhaku District, Tottori Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 8,800 and a population density of 242.89 per km2. The total area was 36.23 km2.
On October 1, 2005, Daiei, along with the town of Hōjō (also from Tōhaku District), was merged to create the town of Hokuei.
Daiei is also the hometown of Japanese manga artist Gosho Aoyama, best known for his manga series Case Closed.
External links
Hokuei official website
Dissolved municipalities of Tottori Prefecture
Populated places disestablished in 2005
2005 disestablishments in Japan
Tōhaku District, Tottori
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2660009
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stinky%20Toys
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Stinky Toys
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Stinky Toys were a French punk rock band from Paris which formed in 1976 and featured Elli Medeiros (vocals), Denis Quilliard, alias Jacno, (a.k.a. Jan Colrth) (rhythm guitar), Bruno Carone (lead guitar), Albin Dériat (bass guitar), and Hervé Zénouda (drums).
History
One of the first French new wave bands, in 1976 the band took part in the 100 Club Punk Festival in London, sharing the bill with such bands as Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Damned, Siouxsie and the Banshees, and Buzzcocks.
A single was released in a picture cover on Polydor Records in 1977, "Boozy Creed", with "Driver Blues" on the B-side. The single met with mixed reviews, causing Polydor to abandon the release of the band's eponymous debut album outside France. The album was described by Allmusic as "a largely flat, bland collection of recycled Stones and New York Dolls riffs with low-quality vocals", while Trouser Press were also not impressed with what they described as "uninspired sub-Rolling Stones rock'n'boogie with terrible vocals by Elli Medeiros".
The band split up in 1979, with Elli Medeiros and Jacno then forming the duo, Elli et Jacno. Medeiros went on to a solo career, releasing the Elli album in 1988. Jacno later released several solo albums as well as working with several other artists including Mareva Galanter.
Medeiros was chosen by Dev Hynes as part of his 'Fantasy Band' in 2008.
Discography
"Boozy Creed" 7" single (1977) Polydor
Stinky Toys LP (1977) Polydor (reissued in 1990 as Plastic Faces by Universal Records
Stinky Toys LP (1979) Vogue
References
External links
Stinky Toys discography
MySpace Page
French punk rock groups
Musical groups from Paris
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55878416
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epichlo%C3%AB%20hybrida
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Epichloë hybrida
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Epichloë hybrida is a systemic, asexual and seed-transmissible endophyte of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) within the genus Epichloë. An interspecies allopolyploid of two haploid parent species Epichloë typhina and Epichloë festucae var. lolii (previously classified as Neotyphodium lolii), E. hybrida was first identified in 1989, recognized as an interspecific hybrid in 1994, but only formally named in 2017. Previously this species was often informally called Epichloë typhina x Epichloë festucae var. lolii, or referenced by the identifier of its most well-studied strain, Lp1. Epichloë hybrida is a symbiont of perennial ryegrass where its presence is almost entirely asymptomatic. The species has been commercialized for the benefits of its anti-insect compounds in a pasture setting, although it is now more commonly used as an experimental model system for studying interspecific hybridization in fungi.
The type specimen of E. hybrida is held in the American Type Culture Collection under holotype accession number TSD-66.
Hybrid status
The genus Epichloë is characterized by the frequent formation of interspecific, typically asexual, allopolyploid species that are commonly referred to as hybrids. Haploid, sexual Epichloë species usually carry only one homeolog ('gene copy') at a given genetic locus, but interspecific hybrids were originally identified by the presence of two or three homeologs, indicating their origin from two or three different parent species. As of 2016, Epichloë had the most known interspecific hybrids of any fungal genus. Epichloë hybrida was one of the first Epichloë hybrids identified. Although the date of the hybridization event is not known with any certainty, an upper bound of ~300,000 years has been estimated.
The colony morphology of E. hybrida Lp1 is a compact form with wavy edges, in contrast to the morphology of either parent. Conidia stained with DAPI, which binds to DNA, show only a single nucleus, confirming that E. hybrida is mononucleate and not simply an interspecies dikaryon.
Uniparental inheritance of mtDNA and rDNA
With few exceptions, the full complement of nuclear genes appear to be inherited and retained from both parent species. In contrast, the mitochondrial DNA of E. hybrida is derived only from E. festucae var. lolii, while the ribosomal DNA only exists as the E. typhina rDNA sequence type, with the other parental type likely lost through concerted evolution.
In consequence, the ribosomes of E. hybrida likely consist of E. typhina rRNA, but a mix of E. festucae var. lolii and E. typhina ribosomal proteins. Although the presence of divergently evolved ribosomal proteins might be expected to create poorly functioning ribosomes, most E. festucae var. lolii and E. typhina ribosomal protein genes have similar expression levels. It therefore appears that the gene expression of E. festucae var. lolii ribosomal proteins has not been suppressed despite the potential for ribosomal incompatibilities.
History
Epichloë hybrida was first isolated from perennial ryegrass seeds collected as part of a national breeding program funded by the French Ministry of Agriculture in the early 1980s. Run by Gilles Charmet and François Balfourier at the National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA) in Clermont-Ferrand, 547 natural ryegrass populations were sampled across France by INRA researchers and a national team of ten private breeders. A core collection of 110 accessions, including the E. hybrida source population, was transferred to INRA Lusignan in 2000, where it now forms the basis of the modern French perennial ryegrass breeding program.
Accession F187 was collected in the summer of 1983 by Joël Meunier, an employee of the French breeding company Maïsadour, and as of 2016 was entered into the INRA collection under accession number #010204. The collection site was a natural meadow near the village of Bidache in the French administrative department of Pyrénées Atlantiques in southwestern France. Less than 30 km from the Atlantic coast and under 100 m in altitude, this area has hot summers and mild winters, and is very wet with substantial rainfall throughout the year.
In the late 1980s, the INRA collection was shared with Sydney Easton, a plant breeder in what was then the New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), and this New Zealand branch of the collection is now housed in the Margot Forde Germplasm Centre at the AgResearch Crown Research Institute. Accession F187 was recoded as accession A6056 at that time.
An endophyte program aimed at systematically isolating agriculturally promising Epichloë strains from this and other ryegrass seed collections was undertaken by Garrick Latch in the late 1980s/early 1990s. A ryegrass seedling from the INRA F187 seed lot was recognized as producing desirable anti-insect compounds. Originally called 187BB, E. hybrida Lp1 was identified in 1989 as the twenty-eighth isolate obtained from the seed batch. This isolate was placed within a group of Epichloë strains known as Lolium perenne Taxonomic Group 2, LpTG-2, which the formal E. hybrida species definition is now expected to encompass.
References
hybrida
Fungi described in 2017
Fungi of Europe
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1554184
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotunda%20%28script%29
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Rotunda (script)
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The Rotunda is a specific medieval blackletter script. It originates in Carolingian minuscule. Sometimes, it is not considered a blackletter script, but a script on its own. It was used mainly in southern Europe.
Characteristics
One of the key differences between Rotunda and other blackletter scripts is that broken bows appear only in a few letters such as d.
R rotunda and long S
The r rotunda (ꝛ), "rounded r", is an old letter variant commonly used in rotunda scripts and other blackletter typefaces. It is thought that this variant form of that letter was originally devised either to save space while writing on expensive parchment or for aesthetic reasons.
Italian rotunda
There is a form of Italian blackletter known as rotunda, as it was less angular than in northern centres. The most usual form of Italian rotunda was littera bononiensis, used at the University of Bologna in the 13th century. Biting is a common feature in rotunda, but breaking is not.
Italian rotunda also is characterized by unique abbreviations, such as q with a line beneath the bow signifying "qui", and unusual spellings, such as x for s ("milex" rather than "miles").
See also
Asemic writing
Bastarda
Blackletter
Book hand
Calligraphy
Chancery hand
Court hand (also known as common law hand, Anglicana, cursiva antiquior, or charter hand)
Cursive
Hand (writing style)
Handwriting
History of writing
Italic script
Law hand
Palaeography
Penmanship
Ronde script (calligraphy)
Round hand
Secretary hand
References
Blackletter
Typefaces
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23913626
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksan%20Seowon%2C%20Gyeongju
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Oksan Seowon, Gyeongju
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The Oksan Seowon is a seowon (a private educational institution in Korea which functioned as both an academy and a Confucian shrine) located at Oksan-ri, Angang-eup in the city of Gyeongju, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. Seowon is a type of local academy during the Joseon Dynasty (1392–1897). It was established by Yi Je-min, (李齊閔), the minister of Gyeongju and local Confucian scholars in 1572, the fifth year of King Seonjo's reign, to commemorate the scholarly achievement and virtue of Confucian scholar and politician Yi Eon-jeok (1491–1553).
Hoejae Yeongjeok left office and built the main building as the main building in the stream of Oksan in Gyeongju's Angang-eup near Yangdong Village. For this reason, after Hoejae died, Oksan Seowon was built near Dokrakdang. Oksan Seowon is located in Seshimdae, and it means to wash one's mind with water falling from Yongchu and seek learning through nature.
See also
Dosan Seowon
Korean Confucianism
References
External links
옥산서원 (玉山書院) at Yesullo
Seowon
Buildings and structures in Gyeongju
1572 establishments in Asia
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47176692
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Benefits%20Council
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American Benefits Council
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The American Benefits Council (the Council) is a national trade association based in Washington, D.C. that advocates for employer-sponsored benefit plans. The Council's members represent the private employee benefits community and either sponsor directly or provide services to retirement and health benefit plans both nationally and internationally.
The Council advocates for legislation and regulations in support of the employment-based benefits system, The Council also serves as a technical resource on benefits issues for lawmakers, the media and other industry trade associations. The Council frequently works with other public policy organizations to develop a collective business community position about benefits issues.
History
The Council was originally known as the Association of Private Pension and Welfare Plans (APPWP) until September 2000. It was founded in February 1967 by a group of executives in employee benefit consulting firms, plan sponsors and financial institutions. Its original purpose was to monitor public policy as it related to employee benefits.
In 1978, APPWP became a 501(c)(6) organization and began to include advocacy in its activities after the passing of ERISA.
The Council has been part of a number of coalitions focused on employer-sponsored benefits, including the Global Pension Coalition, the Employers' Coalition on Medicare (ECOM), How America Saves: The Coalition to Protect Retirement, the Consumer-Purchaser Alliance and the National Coalition on Benefits.
The Council has an ongoing partnership with the MetLife Symposium and the International Employee Benefits Association (IEBA).
Policy Issues
The Council examines a wide variety of benefits issues, in particular employee retirement and health benefits. Specific issues include defined contribution/401(k) plans, defined benefit pension plans, retiree health programs, health care reform under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), consumer-directed plans (HSAs/FSAs/HRAs), wellness programs and executive compensation.
Board of directors
The American Benefits Council is operated by a Board of Directors, whose executive members make decisions concerning the public policy positions of the Council. The Advisory Council consists of additional Council members who participate in Board meetings as well as in dialogue on policy issues but do not vote on Council policies.
Previous Chairs of the Board have been representatives of employer plan sponsors, including The Dow Chemical Company, Cigna and FedEx, as well as of consulting firms and financial institutions such as Mercer, Willis North America, Fidelity and Vanguard.
Impact on legislation
The Council was active during the development of President Obama’s healthcare reform bill, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). The Council published a set of proposals on reforming health care quality, cost and coverage and met with members of Congress and presidential transition team officials in January of 2009, shortly before President Obama’s inauguration. Council members continued to point out various consequences of the law both during Congressional debate and afterward, helping to produce the best possible legislation. President James Klein testified before the U.S. Senate Finance Committee on May 12, 2009 on financing health care reform and again before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Education and Labor on June 23, 2009 on the Tri-Committee (Education and Labor, Ways and Means and Energy and Commerce committees) Draft Proposal for Health Care Reform.
The Council also contributed to and/or influenced a number of other pieces of legislation. During the development of the Pension Protection Act (PPA), Council members testified before the House Education and the Workforce Committee on March 2, 2005, before the House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures on March 8, 2005 and before the Senate House, Education, Labor and Pensions (HELP) Committee on April 26, 2005. The council discussed regulation of swaps as they relate to pension plan investments during the development of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.
Council members spoke out against the Patients’ Bill of Rights and the Health Security Act; these bills did not pass. The council was also vocal about the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985, HIPAA, the Tax Act of 1986, ERISA, EGTRRA.
American Benefits Institute
The American Benefits Institute is the education and research affiliate of the Council. The Institute convenes meetings and sponsors research that assist public policy makers, the media and other stakeholders in making informed decisions about employee benefits policy matters. The Institute is also the principal venue where Council members discuss global benefits policy issues and share information about international health and retirement plan and compensation practices.
The Institute provides information about benefit practices outside the United States and informs non-U.S. based companies about employee benefits policy and legislative and regulatory developments in the United States.
Publications
The Council prepares or sponsors research papers and surveys on employer-sponsored benefits. Recent publications include:
Further PBGC Premium Increases Pose Greatest Threat to Pension System (June 23, 2014)
Our Strong Retirement System: An American Success Story (December 4, 2013)
WorldatWork/American Benefits Institute Survey Report: 2013 Trends in 401(k) Plans and Retirement Rewards (March 13, 2013)
2012 Corporate Governance of Global Employee Benefits Study (October 10, 2012)
Verisight/McGladrey Compensation, Retirement and Benefits Trends Annual Survey (annual)
References
Trade associations based in the United States
Organizations based in Washington, D.C.
Employment in the United States
501(c)(6) nonprofit organizations
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133577
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrone%20Township%2C%20Perry%20County%2C%20Pennsylvania
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Tyrone Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania
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Tyrone Township is a township in Perry County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,124 at the 2010 census. The principal communities in the township are the villages of Green Park, Pennsylvania and Loysville. The township surrounds the borough of Landisburg.
It was named after County Tyrone in Ireland.
History
The Rice Covered Bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.8 square miles (92.6 km2), of which, 35.8 square miles (92.6 km2) of it is land and 0.03% is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,863 people, 726 households, and 537 families residing in the township. The population density was 52.1 people per square mile (20.1/km2). There were 835 housing units at an average density of 23.4/sq mi (9.0/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 98.28% White, 0.43% African American, 0.11% Native American, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.16% from other races, and 0.97% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.91% of the population.
There were 726 households, out of which 31.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.3% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.0% were non-families. 22.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 2.97.
In the township the population was spread out, with 25.6% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.3 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $38,276, and the median income for a family was $43,750. Males had a median income of $31,475 versus $22,500 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,202. About 6.5% of families and 9.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.4% of those under age 18 and 7.8% of those age 65 or over.
Government and infrastructure
The Loysville Youth Development Center, a juvenile detention center of the Pennsylvania Department of Human Services, is located in the township.
References
Populated places established in 1755
Harrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan statistical area
Townships in Perry County, Pennsylvania
Townships in Pennsylvania
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28184103
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor%20Fasth
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Viktor Fasth
|
Erik Sixten Viktor Fasth (born 8 August 1982) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey goaltender who last played for the Växjö Lakers of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL). Fasth had his international breakthrough during the 2010–11 season, after signing with Stockholm team AIK in the SHL.
Playing career
Division 2 to HockeyAllsvenskan
Viktor Fasth was born in Kalix, but grew up in Vänersborg. As an 18-year-old goaltender, Fasth played with the Brooklyn Tigers (a youth affiliate connected to Luleå HF) in the Swedish Division 2, the fourth-tier league. The following season he played with Vänersborgs HC in the third-tier league Division 1. The following season, in 2002–03, he turned to Tvåstad Cobras HC to return to Division 2. Tvåstad became promoted to Division 1 that season, and Fasth continued to play for them in the 2003–04 season. However, the Tvåstad Cobras HC team was shut down after the 2003–04 season due to financial problems, and Fasth therefore moved to play in Tingsryds AIF in Division 1 for three seasons. In his 2006–07 season with Tingsryd he was the third best goaltender in Division 1F, with a 92.47% save percentage in 33 games. His biggest success with the team came in that season, when he helped the team reach the Kvalserien qualification for HockeyAllsvenskan for the first time since their relegation to Division 1 in the 2002–03 season. However, the team finished fourth in the qualification and thus remained in Division 1.
Fasth then signed with Växjö Lakers Hockey in the 2007–08 season, at that time in the second-tier league HockeyAllsvenskan, and played there for three seasons. He played well in all of these seasons, placing, in save percentage, second in the 2007–08 season and first in the 2009–10 season.
Elitserien
After a successful 2009–10 season, which ended with play in the Kvalserien qualification for Sweden's top-tier league Elitserien (SHL), he signed a one-year contract with Elitserien newcomers AIK to make his debut season in Elitserien, the top ice hockey league in Sweden. He was set to be the team's backup goaltender, but injury problems for Christopher Heino-Lindberg forced AIK to start Viktor Fasth. Playing in 42 games, he posted an impressive 92.45% save percentage and placed third in the leading goaltenders league for save percentage. He significantly contributed to AIK's success that season, reaching the semifinals in the playoffs, where they were eliminated by Färjestad BK in four games. Viktor Fasth received both the Honken Trophy award and the Guldpucken (Golden Puck) award. In February 2011, Fasth extended his contract with the team by 2 years, which meant the contract was expected to expire after the 2012–13 season.
Fasth continued to impress in the 2011–12 season. Once again he finished third in save percentage at 93.14% and he was subsequently awarded the Honken Trophy for the second year in a row. In the playoffs, he continued to shut the door, and he and AIK managed to repeat the 2010–11 success, advancing to the semifinals, where they once again were eliminated, this time in seven games against Skellefteå AIK.
National Hockey League
On 21 May 2012, Fasth signed a 1-year, one-way $1 million USD deal with the Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League (NHL).
On 20 September 2012, due to the ongoing 2012–13 NHL lockout, Fasth signed to play with his former team Tingsryds AIF of the HockeyAllsvenskan (Swe-2). Fasth played in 12 games for the team, registering an impressive 94.17% save percentage and a 1.68 goals against average (GAA).
In his NHL debut on 26 January 2013, Fasth led the Ducks to a 3–2 shootout victory over the Nashville Predators. Fasth stopped 19 of the 21 shots sent his way, and prevented the Predators from finding the net in the shootout with Martin Erat hitting the crossbar, Fasth stopping Mike Fisher's shot, and then swatting the puck out of the air from David Legwand. Corey Perry scored the game-winning goal for the Ducks in the shootout. Fasth found early success in the NHL, starting the season 8–0–0 – the best start by a goaltender in the regular season as a starter since Ray Emery of the Ottawa Senators won his first nine games between the end of 2002–03 and the beginning of the 2003–04 season. Fasth eventually ended the streak in his ninth start on 25 February 2013, with a 2–5 loss against the Los Angeles Kings on the road, also ending a six-game winning streak for the Ducks. With the loss, Fasth failed to match Ray Emery's streak. Fasth further helped the Ducks advance to an 11–2–1 record, their best start since their Stanley Cup-winning 2006–07 season. Fasth finished the regular season with a 15–6–2 record; the Ducks finished with a 30–12–6 record and qualified for the 2013 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Ducks were eliminated in the Conference Quarterfinals by the Detroit Red Wings in seven games, with Fasth not playing in any of these games as the backup to Jonas Hiller.
The following year, Fasth was injured early in the season. On 4 March 2014, Fasth was traded by the Ducks to the Edmonton Oilers in exchange for a fifth and a third round pick in the 2014 and 2015 NHL Entry Draft, respectively. This gave him the chance to compete for the number one job against goalie Ben Scrivens.
Kontinental Hockey League
On 9 July 2015, Fasth agreed to terms on an initial one-year contract with CSKA Moscow of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). Fasth provided an immediate stability to CSKA and was extended for a further season. Over his two seasons in the KHL with CSKA, Fasth won 28 of his 41 games.
Return to Sweden
As a free agent following the 2016–17 season, Fasth opted to return to his homeland and agreed to a second stint with Växjö Lakers, who were promoted to the SHL in his absence from leaving the club in 2010. He signed a three-year contract on May 1, 2017.
International play
After goaltender Stefan Liv declined playing for Sweden in the 2011 World Championship, Fasth was given a chance to play for the Swedish national team. Fasth made his debut for Sweden on 6 April 2011, in an exhibition game against Germany. In the World Championship tournament he helped Sweden reach the final and led the leading goaltenders league until the gold medal game against Finland. However, Sweden lost the final and Fasth allowed 6 goals out of 32 shots in that game, and Fasth therefore landed second in the leading goaltenders league, with a 94.57% save percentage in 7 games and three shutouts, as well as a 1.71 GAA. Despite the loss, Fasth was named the tournament's MVP (most valuable player) and best goaltender. He was also selected to the tournament's All-Star Team.
At the 2012 World Championship, Fasth was once again the starting goaltender for the Swedish national team. However, Sweden was eliminated in the quarterfinal against the Czech Republic. In 6 games, Fasth recorded a 90.21% save percentage and a 2.34 GAA; he placed 11th in the save percentage rankings.
Personal life
Fasth is the son of Kenteric Fasth, a former goaltender who played for IFK Vänersborg in the then third-tier Division 2. Fasth lives with his wife Linda Bäcktorp. Linda gave birth to a daughter in July 2011.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
Awards and honours
References
External links
1982 births
Living people
AIK IF players
Anaheim Ducks players
Edmonton Oilers players
Expatriate ice hockey players in Russia
HC CSKA Moscow players
Norfolk Admirals players
Ice hockey players at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Olympic ice hockey players of Sweden
People from Kalix Municipality
People from Vänersborg Municipality
Swedish expatriate ice hockey people
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Canada
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Swedish ice hockey goaltenders
Tingsryds AIF players
Undrafted National Hockey League players
Växjö Lakers players
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9679140
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin%20T.%20Pratt
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Edwin T. Pratt
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Edwin T. Pratt (December 6, 1930 – January 26, 1969) was an American activist during the Civil Rights Movement. At the time of his assassination in 1969, he was Executive Director of the Seattle Urban League.
Life
Born in Miami, Florida, Pratt received his bachelor's degree from Clark College (Atlanta, Georgia) and his master's in social work from Atlanta University. He worked for the Urban League in Cleveland, Ohio, and Kansas City, Missouri, before arriving in Seattle in 1956 to be the Seattle league's Community Relations Secretary. In 1961, he became the Executive Director of the Seattle Urban League. Among his achievements was the Triad Plan for the desegregation of the Seattle Public Schools; he also led an initiative for equal housing opportunities.
Pratt was killed outside his home in Shoreline, Washington, a suburb immediately north of Seattle. Two men were involved in the shooting; it is presumed that a third drove the getaway car. It is still unknown who killed him.
Pratt was survived by his wife, Bettye, his son Bill, and his daughter Miriam Katherine, who was five years old at the time of his death.
He is commemorated today by Seattle's Pratt Park, the Pratt Fine Arts Center, and the Shoreline School District's Edwin Pratt Early Learning Center.
Pratt Fine Arts Center serves as a lasting tribute to Edwin T. Pratt, a man who relentlessly championed open and equal access to educational and housing opportunities for all of Seattle's residents. Pratt Fine Arts Center honors his memory by continuing to pursue its mission of making art accessible to everyone, for people of all ages, skill levels, and backgrounds.
See also
List of unsolved murders
Notes
External links
Heather Trescases, "Edwin Pratt is murdered outside of his Shoreline home on January 26, 1969", gives an extensive account of Pratt's assassination and the subsequent investigations.
Archives
The Seattle Urban League Records 1930-1997. 103.16 cubic feet. At the Labor Archives of Washington, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections.
1930 births
1969 deaths
1969 murders in the United States
20th-century African-American activists
Activists for African-American civil rights
Activists from Seattle
Assassinated American civil rights activists
Deaths by firearm in Washington (state)
Male murder victims
Murdered African-American people
People from Miami
People from Shoreline, Washington
People murdered in Washington (state)
Unsolved murders in the United States
African-American history of Washington (state)
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58497500
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%20SuperUtes%20Series
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2018 SuperUtes Series
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The 2018 ECB SuperUtes Series was an Australian motor racing competition for SuperUtes. It was inaugural running of the series. It commenced at the Adelaide Street Circuit on March 1 and concluded at the Newcastle Street Circuit on November 25.
The series was won by Ryal Harris driving a Mazda BT-50.
Teams and drivers
The following teams and drivers contested the series.
Calendar
The calendar for the 2018 season was announced at the 2017 Newcastle 500 event. The calendar comprised eight rounds, each supporting a Supercars Championship event, starting at the Adelaide Street Circuit on 1 March and concluding at Newcastle Street Circuit on 25 November.
Series standings
Standings at the completion of Round 6 were Bathurst
References
External links
SuperUte Series
|
14801025
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEPT6
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SEPT6
|
Septin-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEPT6 gene.
Function
This gene is a member of the septin family of GTPases. Members of this family are required for cytokinesis. This gene encodes four transcript variants encoding three distinct isoforms. An additional transcript variant has been identified, but its biological validity has not been determined.
Clinical significance
One version of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia is the result of a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 11 and X, with the breakpoint associated with the genes encoding the mixed-lineage leukemia and septin 2 proteins.
Interactions
SEPT6 has been shown to interact with SEPT2.
References
Further reading
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49525960
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valery%20Polienko
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Valery Polienko
|
Valery Valentinovich Polienko (; born October 17, 1974, Taganrog, Soviet Union) is a Russian director, poet, composer and producer.
Author and co-author of lyrics for bands t.A.T.u. (Ya Soshla S Uma, Nas Ne Dogonyat, A Simple Motion, Ne Ver', Ne Boysia and others) and Zveri. Screenwriter and director of commercials and music videos.
References
External links
Cosmosfilm.ru
Afisha.ircity.ru
1974 births
Living people
People from Taganrog
Russian male poets
Russian songwriters
Russian composers
Russian male composers
Russian record producers
Russian film directors
t.A.T.u.
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6815180
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villafrati
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Villafrati
|
Villafrati is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Palermo in the Italian region Sicily, located about southeast of Palermo. As of 31 December 2016, it had a population of 3,340 and an area of .
Villafrati borders the following municipalities: Baucina, Bolognetta, Cefalà Diana, Ciminna, Marineo, Mezzojuso.
Demographic evolution
References
Municipalities of the Metropolitan City of Palermo
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22336411
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89liette%20Ab%C3%A9cassis
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Éliette Abécassis
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Éliette Abécassis (born 27 January 1969) is a French writer of Moroccan-Jewish descent. She is a professor of philosophy at the University of Caen Normandy.
Biography
Éliette Abécassis was born in Strasbourg into a practicing Moroccan Orthodox Jewish family. Her childhood is permeated by the daily life of the Strasbourg Jewish community. His father, Armand Abécassis, teaches philosophy and is a renowned thinker of Judaism whose thought permeated the Talmudic interpretation of Strasbourg. He notably played a considerable role in the creation and teaching of the Aquiba school in Strasbourg. Her mother, Janine, is a professor and specialist in child and developmental psychology. In several autobiographical novels, Éliette Abécassis declares to have been very influenced by the Sephardic religious environment and education, but to have also sometimes been suffocated by it and tried to emancipate itself from it on numerous occasions, especially during her youth. She declares her attachment to French universalism.
After the baccalaureate, she left Strasbourg at 17 to go to Paris to study in preparatory literary classes, at the Lycée Henri-IV. She then joined the École normale supérieure in rue d'Ulm, where she obtained the agrégation in philosophy, and then taught philosophy at the University of Caen. "I wasn't much older than my students. They were very good, all passionate about philosophy, which, however, does not lead to anything other than itself."
At 23, she went to the United States for a year at Harvard University, in the city of Cambridge, Massachusetts, on a scholarship. She then wrote her first novel, Qumran, a metaphysical detective story that deals with mysterious murders linked to the disappearance of the recently discovered Dead Sea scrolls.
For her first novel Qumran, Éliette Abécassis is not satisfied with her prior knowledge of the Hebrew world, she pushes her research as far as Israel, Jerusalem, Qumran and also went to the United States in several libraries, archives and places of contemporary Jewish culture in order to obtain as much information as possible. Her research lasted three years and they paid off: Qumran was released in 1996 and immediately achieved immense success; the book being translated into eighteen languages. The main publishing houses had however refused the manuscript, until Ramsay editions accepted it.
In 1997, she began to teach philosophy in Caen and published L'Or et la Cendre, the mysterious story of the murder of a Berlin theologian, still with Ramsay editions. In 1998, she wrote an essay on Evil and the philosophical origin of homicide: Little Metaphysics of Murder at the Presses Universitaires de France.
In September 2000, she published with Albin Michel La Répudiée. For this novel she received the Prize of Believing Writers 2001. This novel is inspired by the screenplay she wrote for the film Kadosh by Israeli director Amos Gitai. In 2001, Le Trésor du temple recounts Qumran's follow in the footsteps of the Templars: Ary Cohen and Jane Rogers meet to investigate the secret of the Jerusalem temple. Qumran's trilogy borrows the form of the adventure and suspense novel but conceals in the plots a real erudition and a real metaphysical ambition. The same year, she directed the short film La Nuit de noces, the screenplay of which was co-written with Gérard Brach.
In 2002, her novel Mon père is published, which tells of the questioning of an idyllic father-daughter relationship, while Qumran is adapted into a comic book by Gémine and Makyo. In 2003, her novel Clandestin tells the story of an impossible love. It is part of the selection of twelve books for the Prix Goncourt.
In 2004, the last part of Qumran, The Last Tribe, appeared. In 2005, with her novel Un heureux événement, Éliette Abécassis tackles the theme of motherhood. She also directed the documentary-fiction Tel Aviv la vie, with Tiffany Tavernier.
In 2009, she published the novel Sépharade, whose heroine in her existential quest immersed herself in the world of the Sephardic Jews of Morocco. In 2011, she published Et te voici permise à tout homme where she talks about the difficulties of obtaining a religious divorce.
In 2013, she publishes Le Palimpseste d'Archimède.
In 2014, she published Un secret du docteur Freud, written with the help of her mother, a psychoanalyst. In 2015, Alyah appeared, a sort of testimony from a Jewish woman after the January 2015 Île-de-France attacks. Le maître du Talmud, published in 2018, is a new historical-religious thriller, the plot of which is set in the kingdom of France in the thirteenth century, marked by the emergence of the Inquisition and religious fanaticism.
Éliette Abécassis is divorced and the mother of two children.
Women's right
Eliette Abécassis is involved in associations fighting for the rights and freedoms of women, including the association SOS les Mamans. Alongside the lawyer Marie-Anne Frison-Roche and the philosopher Sylviane Agacinski, she campaigned vigorously against surrogacy, which she likened to a practice of commodification of the body of women and reification of the child.
Works
Books
Qumran (1996)
L'Or et la cendre (1997)
Petite Métaphysique du meurtre (1998)
La Répudiée (2000)
Le Trésor du temple (2001)
Mon père (2002)
Clandestin (2003)
La Dernière Tribu (2004)
Un heureux événement (2005)
Le Corset invisible (2007)
Mère et fille, un roman (2008)
Sépharade (2009)
Le Messager (2009) (with Mark Crick)
Et te voici permise à tout homme (2011)
Le palimpseste d'archimède (2013)
Un secret du docteur Freud (2014)
Alyah (2015)
Le Maître du Talmud (2018)
L'Envie d'y croire: journal d'''une époque sans foi (2019)
Nos rendez-vous (2020)
Participations
Lettres à Dieu, Calmann-Lévy (2004)
La Rencontre, collection of short stories, Éditions Prisma, (2010). Alongside Marek Halter, Camilla Läckberg, Didier van Cauwelaert, Claudie Gallay and Agnès Desarthe.
Enfances, adolescences, Librio (2015).
Books on feminism
Éliette Abécassis has written books and articles on the status of women, which she defends in several associations, such as Le Corset invisible in 2007, with Caroline Bongrand."The corset, with the advent of feminism, has disappeared from our wardrobes. Today our belly and our movements are free, and we can breathe. But our body and our mind are locked, compressed, atrophied in a corset more insidious than that of previous centuries, because it cannot be seen. [...] Today's female body is actually controlled by task exhaustion, diets and new beauty standards. Her mind, supposedly free from male domination, is in the grip of society as a whole, which seems to be conspiring against her."In 2018, she published Bébés à vendre at Robert Laffont, a review of surrogacy, in which she denounced the commodification of women's bodies.
Children's literature
Éliette Abécassis has also published a series of children's books: T'es plus ma maman, Je ne veux pas dormir, Il a tout et moi j'ai rien, Astalik fait ses courses et Je ne veux pas aller à l'école.
She, with her daughter, told and sang a children's story, Lulu veut être chanteuse (Lulu wants to be a singer) published in a digital book on the Whisperies platform.
Filmography
Directed
2001: La nuit de noce, twelve minutes short film with Samuel Le Bihan and Isild Le Besco.
2007: Tel Aviv la vie, directed with Tiffany Tavernier.
Scriptwriter
1999 : Kadosh, by Amos Gitaï.
Cinematographic adaptation of her work
2011 : Un heureux événement, by Rémi Bezançon.
Music
Éliette Abécassis is a lyricist, notably for the French rock group Debout sur le zinc. She also wrote the song La chanson Sépharade'' for Enrico Macias.
Titles
2001: Prix Écritures & Spiritualités for the novel La Répudiée (2000).
2010: Alberto Benveniste Prize for the novel Sépharade (2010).
References
External links
1969 births
Living people
Writers from Strasbourg
French people of Moroccan-Jewish descent
21st-century French Sephardi Jews
20th-century French Sephardi Jews
Jewish women writers
20th-century French non-fiction writers
21st-century French non-fiction writers
20th-century French women writers
21st-century French women writers
French women academics
Lycée Henri-IV alumni
École Normale Supérieure alumni
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32529674
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland%20national%20under-19%20football%20team
|
Iceland national under-19 football team
|
The Iceland national under-19 football team, controlled by the Football Association of Iceland, represents Iceland at the European Under-19 Football Championship and international friendly match fixtures at the under-19 age level.
European Championships
Introduction
Since it adopted its current format in 2002, the Iceland under-19s have failed to qualify for the UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship. As of 2011, their best qualifying campaign performances came in 2007 and 2008, when they qualified for the second, or 'elite', qualification stage.
In the qualifying campaign for the 2007 tournament, the team finished joint second place in the elite qualification stage behind the Spain under-19s, who went on to win the tournament. In 2008, the Iceland under-19s recorded elite stage victories against the Norway under-19s and the Israel under-19s, but again finished in second place. On that occasion the group winners were the Bulgaria under-19s.
In the 2011 qualification campaign, Iceland finished third in group 1 of the first qualifying stage. Their only points came in a 4–0 victory over the Kazakhstan under-19s, who finished bottom in fourth place.
In the first qualification stage of the 2012 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship, the Iceland under-19s faced Norway, Latvia and Cyprus, finishing last in the group. Iceland didn't fare much better in 2013, as they came third in the group and didn't qualify. In 2014 they finished second in Group 4 behind Belgium and ahead of both France and Northern Ireland to qualify for the elite round where they lost all three matches.
History
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!Year
!Result
!GP
!W
!D
!L
!GS
!GA
|-
| 2002||rowspan=1 colspan=8|First qualifying stage
|-
| 2003||rowspan=1 colspan=8|First qualifying stage
|-
| 2004||rowspan=1 colspan=8|First qualifying stage
|-
| 2005||rowspan=1 colspan=8|First qualifying stage
|-
| 2006||rowspan=1 colspan=8|First qualifying stage
|-
| 2007||rowspan=1 colspan=8|Elite qualifying stage
|-
| 2008||rowspan=1 colspan=8|Elite qualifying stage
|-
| 2009||rowspan=1 colspan=8|First qualifying stage
|-
| 2010||rowspan=1 colspan=8|First qualifying stage
|-
| 2011||rowspan=1 colspan=8|First qualifying stage
|-
| 2012||rowspan=1 colspan=8|First qualifying stage
|-
| 2013||rowspan=1 colspan=8|First qualifying stage
|-
| 2014||rowspan=1 colspan=8|Elite qualifying stage
|-
| 2015||rowspan=1 colspan=8|First qualifying stage
|-
| 2016||rowspan=1 colspan=8|First qualifying stage
|-
| 2017||rowspan=1 colspan=8|First qualifying stage
|-
| 2018||rowspan=1 colspan=8|First qualifying stage
|-
| 2019||rowspan=1 colspan=8|First qualifying stage
|-
| 2020||rowspan=1 colspan=8|Postponed, rescheduled, and then cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe.
|-
| 2021||rowspan=1 colspan=8|Cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe.
|-
| 2022||rowspan=1 colspan=8|TBD
|-
|Total||0/0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|}
Current squad
The following players were named in the squad for the Qualifying round of the 2020 UEFA European Under-19 ChampionshipAll caps and goals are correct as of 19 November 2019.''
|-----
! colspan="9" bgcolor="#B0D3FB" align="left" |
|----- bgcolor="#DFEDFD"
|-----
! colspan="9" bgcolor="#B0D3FB" align="left" |
|----- bgcolor="#DFEDFD"
|-----
! colspan="9" bgcolor="#B0D3FB" align="left" |
|----- bgcolor="#DFEDFD"
See also
Iceland national football team
Iceland national under-21 football team
Iceland national under-17 football team
Iceland women's national football team
References
European national under-19 association football teams
Under-19
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46363723
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nexway
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Nexway
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Nexway is a French software and service company for ecommerce and payment.
Nexway enables companies to sell their software and services online in more than 140 countries by connecting their e-store to its e-commerce and payment platform.
Avast, Eset, Fnac Darty, Kaspersky and Veepee are amongst Nexway's.
Headquartered in Paris (France), and with offices in Nîmes (France), Katowice (Poland), Milan (Italy), San Francisco (USA), and Tokyo (Japan), the company has 100 employees and generated a 95M€ turnover in 2019.
History
Nexway was created in 2002 to distribute software to consumers under the name Téléchargement.fr (meaning “download” in French).
In January 2009, Nexway acquires Boonty (en), and enters the market of casual video games’ distribution.
The Company then adds new ecommerce services to its portfolio to help software companies sell online: shopping cart, payment processing, subscription management, customer care…
In October 2018, Nexway SAS and its affiliates are grouped within the same holding company Nexway Group AG.
In January 2019, the German company asknet AG acquires 100% of Nexway Group AG.
In July 2019 asknet AG renames into Nexway AG. Both companies operate under the same brand since then.
In April 2020, asknet AG sells Nexway Group AG to the Swiss holding company BPI Bureau de Promotion Immobilière SA, which becomes the sole shareholder of the Nexway Group AG.
Offer
Nexway Monetize: payment and ecommerce platform to manage the shopping cart, handle payment in more than 140 countries, run subscriptions, invoicing, manage local tax and compliance to local regulations globally. The SaaS platform is based on microservices and APIs and is complemented by managed services such as customer care and marketing campaign management.
Nexway Connect: a digital distribution network that connects software and video games publishers with popular online merchants. The Connect platform acts as a single point of channel management for software companies, and is a lever for audience monetization for merchants that can diversify their offer with a 7000+ titles catalog of ready-to-sell software and games.
References
Companies established in 2002
Online companies of France
Multinational companies
|
36159551
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymothoe%20dujardini
|
Cymothoe dujardini
|
Cymothoe dujardini is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in eastern Madagascar. The habitat consists of forests.
References
Butterflies described in 1971
Cymothoe (butterfly)
Endemic fauna of Madagascar
Butterflies of Africa
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50229728
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian%20Impressionism
|
Canadian Impressionism
|
Canadian Impressionism is a subclass of Impressionist art which had its origin in French Impressionism. Guy Wildenstein of the Wildenstein Institute in Paris states in the foreword of A.K. Prakash's Impressionism in Canada: A Journey of Rediscovery that Canadian impressionism consists of "the Canadian artists who gleaned much from the French but, in their improvisations, managed to transmute what they learned into an art reflecting the aesthetic concerns of their compatriots and the times in which they lived and worked". The early Canadian Impressionist painters belong in the "Group of who?" as coined by James Adams of The Globe and Mail.
History
Canada's first affair with Impressionism occurred in 1892 in Montreal at W. Scott & Sons' premises. Eight paintings were exhibited including works of Monet, Renoir, Pissarro and Sisley. Canadian Impressionism was first recognized as a historical movement in Canadian Art in 1950.
Artists
Henri Beau
William Blair Bruce
William Brymner
William Henry Clapp
Mary Alberta Cleland
Maurice Cullen
Ernest Lawson
James Wilson Morrice
Helen McNicoll
Laura Muntz
Exhibitions
In 2019, the show Canada and Impressionism: New Horizons, curated by the National Gallery of Canada, visited Munich, Lausanne, and Montpellier. A second, somewhat modified exhibition, opens in Ottawa at the National Gallery in February, 2022.
References
Sources
Prakash, A.K. Impressionism in Canada: A Journey of Rediscovery. Stuttgart: Arnoldsche Art Publishers, 2015.
Lowrey, Carol, Visions of Light and Air: Canadian Impressionism, 1885-1920, Americas Society, 1996.
Impressionism
Canadian art movements
|
60434205
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amrik%20Singh%20Gill
|
Amrik Singh Gill
|
Amrik Singh Gill (born 24 April 1951) is a male Indian born former wrestler who competed for Great Britain and England.
Wrestling career
Gill competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics, the 1976 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics. He represented England and won a silver medal in the 57kg bantamweight division, at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games in Christchurch, New Zealand. Four Years later he represented England again and won a bronze medal in the 57kg bantamweight division, at the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
References
1951 births
Living people
British male sport wrestlers
Olympic wrestlers of Great Britain
Wrestlers at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Wrestlers at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Wrestlers at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Wrestlers at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games
Wrestlers at the 1978 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for England
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for England
Commonwealth Games medallists in wrestling
|
1952304
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter%20pacing
|
Hunter pacing
|
A hunter pace is a form of competition involving horses and riders. In a hunter pace a trail is marked for horse and rider to follow. On the day of the competition, early in the morning, the hosts of the event send an experienced horse and rider to ride the trail as fast as it is safely possible to do so. This morning ride is called "the dead body run", and it establishes two things:
1. that the trail is clear and safe for the competitors
2. The "pace time"
The pace time is the ideal time to safely but quickly ride the set trail. When the competitors arrive they send out teams of three or four to ride the trail. Checkpoints set along the ride ensure that the riders are staying on course and are not overworking their horses. Each group of riders is timed. Riders are penalized for either riding too fast and beating the pace time, or too slow and taking longer than the pace time. The group to come closest to the pace time wins the competition, whether over or under the "pace" time.
See also
National Hunt racing
Competitive trail riding
Endurance and trail riding
Hunt racing
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12464375
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale-edged%20flycatcher
|
Pale-edged flycatcher
|
The pale-edged flycatcher (Myiarchus cephalotes) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae.
It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and heavily degraded former forest.
References
pale-edged flycatcher
Birds of the Northern Andes
pale-edged flycatcher
pale-edged flycatcher
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
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39787742
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serge%20Bozon
|
Serge Bozon
|
Serge Bozon (; born 8 November 1972) is a French film director, film critic and actor.
Filmography
Film director
1998 : L'Amitié
2003 : Mods
2007 : La France
2013 : Tip Top
2017 : Madame Hyde
Actor
Awards
2002 : Prix Léo Scheer at the festival de Belfort for Mods
2007 : Prix Jean Vigo for La France
External links
French film directors
Living people
1972 births
People from Aix-en-Provence
French male film actors
20th-century French male actors
21st-century French male actors
French film critics
French male non-fiction writers
|
1896152
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club%20Me
|
Club Me
|
Club Me is the second EP released as an extra by the American punk rock band The Offspring on January 1, 1997. It was initially only available to fan club members. Copies of it were sometimes sold from their online store.
Club Me is from the Ixnay on the Hombre (1997) era. The picture on the actual CD is a larger version of one of the pictures on the back of Ixnay on the Hombre. None of the tracks on the EP, however, appear on Ixnay on the Hombre or any other Offspring album. This is unlike the previous EPs released by the Offspring (Baghdad, They Were Born to Kill, and A Piece of Americana), which all contained tracks that appeared on other studio albums.
"Smash It Up" was also released as a single on the Batman Forever soundtrack. "D.U.I." was used in "I Know What You Did Last Summer" soundtrack.
Track listing
See also
"Night of Destruction"
"Machine Gun Etiquette"
References
The Offspring EPs
1997 EPs
|
38495437
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud%20Yassin
|
Mahmoud Yassin
|
Mahmoud Yassin (; 19 February 1941 – 14 October 2020) was an Egyptian actor. He was an iconic actor in both Egyptian cinema and television, portraying dramatic, psychological and romantic roles.
Career
Yassin studied law at the Ain Shams University in 1964, then he started his acting career in 1968, where he acted in more than 150 films and theatrical plays. His last work was a comedy film Grandpa Habibi in 2012.
Personal life
He married the actress Shahira in October 1970, with whom he had Rania (b. 1972) and Amro (b. 1978).
Death
Having suffered from the Alzheimer's disease for eight years, Yassin died on 14 October 2020.
Selected filmography
Films
TV series
References
External links
Mahmoud Yassin in Arabic movies database
1941 births
2020 deaths
20th-century Egyptian male actors
21st-century Egyptian male actors
Egyptian male film actors
Egyptian male television actors
Egyptian male stage actors
Actors from Port Said
Egyptian Muslims
Ain Shams University alumni
Neurological disease deaths in Egypt
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
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39420789
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleoperator%20Retrieval%20System
|
Teleoperator Retrieval System
|
Teleoperator Retrieval System was an uncrewed space tug ordered by NASA in the late 1970s to re-boost Skylab using the Space Shuttle.
Description
TRS was a design for an uncrewed robotic space tug designed to be capable of remote payload observation and boosting or de-orbiting another spacecraft. It was developed to potentially re-boost the Skylab space station to a higher orbit. After Skylab 4, the third crewed mission to Skylab, plans were made to boost the station into a higher orbit to extend its service life or to de-orbit it into a remote ocean area. A remotely controlled booster rocket was to be carried up in the Space Shuttle's third mission. Astronaut Jack R. Lousma described the remote booster as "as big as a truck" and requiring a control system able to match the circular motion of the Skylab docking port. The core of TRS was a propulsion system that could accommodate additional fuel modules. It had a 24 nozzle 6-axis control thruster system to support Space rendezvous, docking, and orienting the spacecraft.
Other options for launching TRS were Titan III or Atlas Agena. Some launch options might have required two launches. Martin Marietta proposed the Titan III for launching TRS. The Titan IIIC could carry 29, 600 lbs to low Earth orbit.
History
The TRS was ordered in October 1977 to be ready for use in late 1979. The TRS had two major possible uses, to either re-boost or de-orbit Skylab. The decision whether to use TRS was planned to be made in 1979.
Although TRS was initiated in 1977, it made use of developments in tele-operation going back to the 1960s. In addition, another reason for its selection was the long-term use for task in general including "payload
survey, stabilization, retrieval and delivery missions, recovery and re-use capability.."
The TRS project was overseen by the NASA Marshall Spaceflight Center.
Because of delays in STS-1, the first shuttle launch, Lousma and Fred Haise were reassigned to the second shuttle mission. NASA expected that the Shuttle would be ready by 1979, and Skylab would not re-enter until the early 1980s. Another factor was that, in 1975, it was decided not to launch a second Skylab (Skylab B); this gave a boost to Skylab re-use plans. As it was, the Shuttle was not ready until the early 1980s, and Skylab's orbit decayed in 1979. Lousma and Haise's mission was canceled when NASA realized that STS-1 would not be early enough before the station's reentry.
Missions
Although the TRS in development was focused on Skylab boosting, it was thought it could be used for other satellites. The original missions was to save Skylab from re-entering, thus preserving it for future use such as the core of a new space station.
Possible future missions from NASA document 78-49 release Teleoperator Retrieval System
"payload retrieval at higher orbits than Shuttle is designed to achieve"
"large structure assembly"
"emergency payload repairs"
"retrieval of unstable objects or space debris"
Specifications
Parts of the core, a box-like structure at center:
1.2 by 1.2 by 1.5 meters (4 by 4 by 5 feet) structural box
attitude control thrusters
propellant tank
guidance system
navigation system
control system
communications and data management system
docking system
two TV cameras
The core was surrounded by four strap-on propulsion modules, which include an additional propellant tank with its own rocket engines.
Thruster systems and boost rockets
There was a triple group of attitude (direction) thrusters on each of the spacecraft's eight corners. Each thruster was intended to produce a thrust of 2.25 to 4.5-kilograms (5 to 10-pounds) These thrusters would be used for leaving the Shuttle's payload bay and for rendezvous and docking with Skylab.
For the Skylab boost or de-orbit, the TRS would have four strap-on boosters each with 680 kg (1,500 Ib.) of hydrazine rocket fuel. This was a modular design, and the TRS could also be used with 2-strap on boosters if the mission, if it only needed that amount. In other words, the TRS was designed for use with 4 boosters, but it was also intended it could also use 2 for example.
Control systems
The TRS had its own computing and control systems, or it would be controlled by a crewman in the Shuttle Orbiter vehicle.
See also
Orbital station-keeping
Mission Extension Vehicle
References
Further reading
NASA - Teleoperator Retrieval System (Release number 78-49)
Skylab program
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6767826
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pofi
|
Pofi
|
Pofi is a comune (municipality) of about 4,200 inhabitants in the province of Frosinone in the Italian region Lazio, located about southeast of Rome and about southeast of Frosinone.
Pofi borders the following municipalities: Arnara, Castro dei Volsci, Ceccano, Ceprano, Ripi. It is located on an extinct volcano, near the Sacco river valley. Sights include the church of Sant'Antonino Martire (11th century).
References
Cities and towns in Lazio
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68289390
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Martino%20dei%20Bianchi%2C%20Catania
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San Martino dei Bianchi, Catania
|
San Martino dei Bianchi is a Roman Catholic church located on corso Vittorio Emanuele #191 (also entrance Via San martino 24) in the center of the city of Catania, Sicily, southern Italy.
History and Description
The present church with its undulating late-Baroque facade was built in the 18th century, commissioned by the Arch-confraternity of the Bianchi, using designs by the architect Stefano Ittar (1724-1790). The prior church of the lay confraternity had been destroyed by the 1693 earthquake. The confraternity provided comfort and burial assistance to those condemned to death. Further down along Via San Martino, at the number 10, on the second floor is a plaque recalling the inn where Goethe stayed during his Italian Journey through Catania in 1787.
References
18th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy
Roman Catholic churches in Catania
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20Heart%20%28TV%20series%29
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Open Heart (TV series)
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Open Heart is a 2015 mystery-drama television series produced by the Epitome Pictures unit of DHX Media in association with marblemedia. It aired simultaneously on January 20, 2015 on TeenNick in the United States and YTV in Canada. Several months later, Canada's ABC Spark acquired the rights to air reruns of the show.
Premise
The series centers on teenager Dylan Blake who was sentenced to community service at her family's Open Heart hospital for breaking and entering and stealing a car. While there, she decides to use her position to solve the mystery behind the disappearance of her missing father and secrets that her family may be hiding.
Cast
Main cast
Karis Cameron as Dylan Blake, the main protagonist of the show who is determined to find her missing father.
Justin Kelly as Wes Silver, a volunteer at Open Heart and Dylan's love interest.
Cristine Prosperi as Mikayla Walker, a volunteer at Open Heart and a good friend of Dylan's.
Tori Anderson as London Blake, a doctor at Open Heart and Dylan's sister.
Jenny Cooper as Jane Blake, a doctor at Open Heart and Dylan and London's mother.
Recurring cast
Jeffrey Douglas as Richard Blake, Dylan's missing father.
Sasha Clements as Rayna Sherazi, one of Dylan's old friends from her "bling ring".
Nahanni Johnstone as Veronica Rykov, the woman last seen with Dylan's father and is related to his disappearance.
Elena Juatco as Scarlet McWhinnie, a doctor at Open Heart whose stunning beauty often leaves her razor sharp medical skills underestimated by others
Kevin McGarry as Timothy "Hud" Hudson, a doctor at Open Heart and an ex-Army medic.
Dylan Everett as Teddy Ralston, Dylan's ex-boyfriend from her "bling ring".
Mena Massoud as Jared Malik, supervisor over the volunteers at Open Heart and Mikayla's love interest
Patrick Kwok-Choon as Seth Park, a doctor at Open Heart and London's boyfriend.
Jacob Neayem as Donny Mara, a gang member and stepcousin of Seth.
Darrell Dennis at Det. Darryl Goodis, the main detective in the case of Richard Blake's disappearance.
Donovan Brown as Drew, one of Dylans old friends from her "bling ring".
Sam Efford as Alex, one of Dylans old friends from her "bling ring".
Episodes
References
External links
2015 American television series debuts
2015 American television series endings
2015 Canadian television series debuts
2015 Canadian television series endings
2010s American mystery television series
Canadian mystery television series
Television series about families
Television series about teenagers
Television series by DHX Media
Television shows filmed in Toronto
YTV (Canadian TV channel) original programming
2010s American teen drama television series
2010s Canadian teen drama television series
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finsbury%20Rifles
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Finsbury Rifles
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The Finsbury Rifles was a unit of Britain's Volunteer Force and later Territorial Army from 1860 to 1961. It saw action at Gallipoli, in Palestine and on the Western Front during World War I. In World War II it served in the Anti-Aircraft (AA) role during the Battle of Britain and the Blitz, then in North Africa, Sicily and Italy.
Volunteers
The unit began as the Clerkenwell Rifles, formed in the Clerkenwell and Finsbury districts of London during the invasion scare of 1859–60 that led to the creation of hundreds of Rifle Volunteer Corps (RVCs). It was adopted by the Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex as the 39th Middlesex RVC, and he issued the first officers' commissions on 6 March 1860, the commanding officer (CO) being Lieutenant-Colonel Colvill, Governor of Coldbath Fields Prison and a former Captain in the 71st Foot. The corps was based at 16 Cold Bath Square, Clerkenwell. Colvill was later obliged to relinquish the command by the Middlesex magistrates, who considered it incompatible with his prison duties. He was replaced as CO by Major Henry Penton (1817–1882) of the 3rd (Royal Westminster) Middlesex Militia, a local landowner in Clerkenwell whose grandfather had developed the district of Pentonville. The unit's HQ later moved to 17 Penton Street in Pentonville, and it became known from the beery ways of its members as the 'Pentonville Pissers'.
Together with the Central London Rangers, the Clerkenwell unit initially formed the 3rd Middlesex Administrative Battalion of RVCs, but because both units soon consisted of eight companies they were made independent battalions and the administrative battalion disbanded. In 1862 The Finsbury Rifle Volunteer Corps was officially added to its title, and it continued to expand, reaching a strength of 10 companies in 1870. Other Middlesex RVCs had been less successful and disappeared, so the Finsbury Rifles became the 21st Middlesex RVC in a general renumbering carried out in 1880.
Following the Childers Reforms the Finsbury Rifles became the 7th Volunteer Battalion of the Kings Royal Rifle Corps (KRRC) in 1881, but without changing its title. It had already adopted the Rifle green uniform with red Facing colour of the KRRC. The Stanhope Memorandum of December 1888 proposed a Mobilisation Scheme for Volunteer units, which would assemble in their own brigades at key points in case of war. In peacetime these brigades provided a structure for collective training. Under this scheme the Finsbury Rifles formed part of the North London Brigade which would assemble at Caterham under the command of the CO of the Coldstream Guards.
During the Second Boer War the battalion was increased from ten to 12 companies, and formed a service company of volunteers to serve alongside the Regulars in South Africa, earning the Battle honour South Africa 1900–1902.
Territorial Force
The Volunteers were subsumed into the new Territorial Force (TF) under the Haldane Reforms of 1908. The Borough of Finsbury had been incorporated into the new County of London since 1900, and so the unit joined the newly-created London Regiment, which consisted entirely of TF infantry battalions, with no Regular component. It became the 11th (County of London) Battalion, The London Regiment (Finsbury Rifles), with its headquarters and all eight companies located at 17 Penton Street. The North London Brigade became 3rd London Brigade in the TF's 1st London Division.
World War I
Mobilisation
Annual training for 1st London Division had just started when war was declared on 4 August 1914, and the Finsbury Rifles promptly mustered at Pentonville for mobilisation. Several battalions of the division were soon posted away to relieve Regular Army garrisons in the Mediterranean or to supplement the British Expeditionary Force on the Western Front. By January 1915, only the Finsbury and Hackney battalions remained with the artillery and other support elements of the division, and these were attached to the 2nd-Line TF division (2/1st London Division) that was being formed. Meanwhile, the Finsbury Rifles formed its own second line, the two units being designated 1/11th and 2/11th Battalions.
1/11th Battalion
Suvla Bay
In April 1915, the 1/10th (Hackney) and 1/11th (Finsbury Rifles) Bns were sent to Norwich to join 162nd (East Midland) Brigade in 54th (East Anglian) Division, which was being prepared for overseas service. At the end of July the battalion embarked at Liverpool aboard the RMS Aquitania bound for the Mediterranean, and arrived at Mudros on 6 August. After transferring to a smaller vessel it landed on 11 August at Suvla Bay on the Gallipoli Peninsula. The Gallipoli Campaign had been in progress for several months and had reached stalemate. The Landing at Suvla Bay on 6 August had been a flank attack designed to manoeuvre the Turks out of their defences, but it too became bogged down in trench warfare.
On 15 August the battalion took part in the action at Kiretch Tepe Ridge, where 162nd Bde's task was to protect the flank of the two attacking brigades. Little fighting was anticipated. There was no time to reconnoitre and the brigade advanced towards the lower slopes of the ridge with 'no information about the probable whereabouts of the enemy'. After about 400 yards the leading battalion, the 1/5th Bedfordshire Regiment, came under increasing rifle and machine-gun fire in the gullies and lost cohesion. Parties of the 1/10th and 1/11th Londons were 'dribbled forward' to reinforce the line. The battalions 'gallantly breasted the gully-riven slopes of the ridge, and ultimately advanced the left of the line to the south-western shoulder of Kidney Hill'. But they were unsupported, and withdrew that night to positions in Lone Tree Gully. Major G.F.M. Davies of 1/11th Londons was killed while covering the retreat of the rear party. Lone Tree Gully was shelled all the next day. The battalion's total casualties in the two days were about 360.
Over the next two months the 1/11th Bn alternated in the firing line with the 1/5th Bedfords; when not in the line the battalion was in reserve at 'Finsbury Vale'. In October the dismounted 1/1st Suffolk Yeomanry were attached to the Londons for training, and then relieved the battalion, which went into a rest camp dubbed 'Penton Hill' from 26 to 31 October. During November the battalion alternated with the Suffolk Yeomanry in the line. The 1/11th Bn was evacuated to Mudros on 3 December, and shortly afterwards the Gallipoli operation was closed down.
Egypt
The 54th Division, very weak from battle casualties and sickness, was re-embarked on 13 December and landed at Alexandria in Egypt on 18 December. After recuperating, most of the division moved into the Suez Canal defences at the end of March 1916. It stayed there under the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) until the beginning of 1917.
Palestine
By mid-January 1917, 54th Division had been concentrated at Moascar for the start of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign. After a difficult crossing of the Sinai Desert, the division closed up to join the EEF's attack on Gaza. 162nd Brigade had only a peripheral part in the First Battle of Gaza (26–27 March), when 161st (Essex) Brigade took the objective but due to confusion was pulled back after dark.
For the Second Battle of Gaza, 54th Division was to advance and then wheel left to attack the Ali Muntar ridge outside Gaza. 162nd Brigade, with 1/11th Londons as support battalion, formed the division's left, with its flank on the point where Wadi Mukkademe crossed the Gaza-Beersheba road. The advance began promptly at 07.20 on 19 April, but it soon became clear that the bombardment of the enemy trenches by artillery and naval guns had failed in its effects. The division's leading battalions came under well-directed artillery fire and intense machine gun fire as they approached the trenches. 162nd Brigade attacked towards the trench complex known as 'The Beer' and made the furthest advance but were forced back at the end of the disastrous day.
Capture of Gaza
The EEF did not make another attempt to take Gaza until November, after months of preparation. As part of the operation to clear the Gaza–Beersheba Line (the Third Battle of Gaza, 27 October–7 November), 54th Division attacked directly towards the town on 2 November. It was a holding attack but the leading brigades made such good progress that 162nd Bde was able to pass through by 06.00 to move on to the final objective, Sheikh Hasan, which it secured after a 15-minute bombardment. The attack was continued on 7 November, with 162nd Bde heading towards Turtle Hill, north west of Gaza town. Supported by powerful artillery, the infantry walked through the defences to find that the Turks had evacuated Gaza. The EEF pursued the defeated Turks back to the Jaffa–Jerusalem defence line, and Jerusalem fell on 7 December.
Jaffa
As a preliminary to the Battle of Jaffa planned for the night of 20/21 December, the 1/11th Londons were ordered to seize a hill from which enfilade fire could be brought onto Bald Hill, 350 yards away and one of the key objectives for the following night's attack. An officer of the supporting artillery described the Finsbury Rifles as 'very short of men and the commanding officer was only a captain, so great had been their losses, but they were very gallant fellows'. Their charge was preceded by a five minute bombardment by three field batteries, during which the enemy put down a counter-barrage along the edge of Bald Hill and manned their trenches. The attack on the other hill therefore came as a surprise, and the 1/11th Bn seized it with little loss, and then held it against three determined counter-attacks in the next two hours. Delivered over open ground, these attacks were easily beaten off by machine gun and rifle fire. Bombing attacks up the trenches were more dangerous, but one such attack was driven off single-handedly by Lance-Corporal John Alexander Christie, who went forward 50 yards from his own line and scattered them with grenades. 'Jock' Christie was awarded the VC.
Tell 'Asur
The EEF began a new phase of offensive operation in March 1918, the so-called Actions of Tel 'Asur. At dawn on 12 March, 162nd Brigade assaulted behind a creeping barrage, 'The infantry – Londons and Bedfords – were seen to disappear into the wadis in the pale light and then to reappear scrambling up the steep hillsides like lines of ants'.
Having occupied a much better line, the 54th Division settled down to a defensive routine. The next operation began on 9 April at Berukin, but 162nd Bde's planned attack on 14 April was cancelled at the last moment. 54th Division was now warned to prepare to move to reinforce the BEF on the Western Front following its defeats during the German spring offensive. This move was however cancelled in July, and the EEF reorganised for operations in the autumn to complete the Turkish defeat.
Megiddo
The culminating Battle of Megiddo began with the Battle of Sharon. On the opening day, 19 September, the 1/11th Londons were assigned to escort the divisional artillery and cover the gap between the 54th Division and the 3rd (Lahore) Division while the rest of 162nd Bde made a difficult attack alongside the Essex Brigade. The Turks quickly collapsed, and as the Desert Mounted Corps pursued them to Aleppo the infantry of 54th Division were left far behind. By the time the division reached Beirut at the end of October, hostilities were brought to an end by the Armistice of Mudros.
The battalion was demobilised in Egypt and its personnel shipped home during 1919.
2/11th Battalion
The 2/1st London Division concentrated in East Anglia round Ipswich in August 1915, and was numbered as 58th (2/1st London) Division; the 2/11th Londons were in 175th (2/3rd London) Brigade. Although the division formed part of First Army of Central Force, no serious training could be undertaken because of lack of equipment. At first the only small arms available were .256-in Japanese Ariska rifles. In the Spring of 1916 the division took over a sector of the East Coast defences, digging many trenches. Finally it received Lee-Enfield service rifles and on 10 July 1916 it concentrated at Sutton Veny for final training on Salisbury Plain.
France
In January 1917 the 58th Division moved to Southampton and embarked for France, landing at Le Havre. The 175th Bde was the last to arrive, and the division eventually concentrated at Lucheux on 8 February. The battalions were introduced to trench warfare by companies, being attached to battalions of the 46th (North Midland) and 49th (West Riding) Divisions. From March to April the 58th Division followed up the German retreat to the Hindenburg Line and was then put to work to repair the roads and railways destroyed by the retreating enemy.
Bullecourt
The 58th Division's first offensive operation was a peripheral part in the Second Battle of Bullecourt (4–17 May), for which 175th Bde was attached to 2nd Australian Division. On 17 May the 2/11th Bn provided two companies to act as stretcher bearers, suffering 30 casualties in so doing. For the next few weeks the division was engaged in small actions against the Hindenburg Line, and then went into a period of intensive battle training in old German trenches. 175th Brigade was then assigned to railway construction at Achiet-le-Grand near Arras.
Ypres
After a period of trench holding near Arras, the 58th Division moved to the Ypres Salient in late August 1917, with 2/11th Bn being one of the first units going into the line, taking over positions at St Julien. To minimise casualties, the line was held by a series of outposts.
In the attack of 20 September (the Battle of the Menin Road Ridge), 2/11th Bn was in reserve with 175th Bde. 175th Brigade led the division's attack at the Battle of Polygon Wood (26 September), with 2/11th Bn in support. Afterwards the 58th Division went into reserve.
The division returned to the line for the Second Battle of Passchendaele (26 October). As it arrived, the weather broke, and the division was forced to jump off from a line of flooded craters in the Poelcapelle area and struggle forward behind a barrage that advanced too quickly. 2/11th Battalion was one of those sent up immediately afterwards to relieve the exhausted attackers.
By now the BEF was suffering a serious manpower crisis and roughly a quarter of its infantry battalions were disbanded. The 2/11th Bn was one of those chosen, and it was disbanded on 31 January 1918. The men were drafted to the 1/20th, 1/21st and 1/22nd Bns London Regiment in 47th (2nd London) Division).
3/11th Battalion
A 3rd-Line reserve battalion was formed in early 1915 and designated the 3/11th. By April it was at Tadworth, training on Epsom Downs before moving to winter billets in Sutton in October 1915. It moved to Fovant in the Salisbury Plain training area in January 1916. The unit was redesignated the 11th Reserve Bn, London Regiment, in the 1st London Reserve Group on 8 April, and absorbed by the 9th Reserve Bn on 1 September 1916. Throughout the war it trained recruits and prepared them for drafting to the service battalions overseas.
Interwar
The Finsbury Rifles were reconstituted in 1920 in the renamed Territorial Army (TA). The London Regiment no longer existed, so its battalions were designated as regiments in their own right, the Finsbury Rifles becoming 11th London Regiment (Finsbury Rifles), once again affiliated to the KRRC, but now in 142nd (6th London) Brigade of 47th (2nd London) Division.
In 1935 the increasing need for anti-aircraft (AA) defence, particularly for London, was addressed by converting the 47th (2nd London) Division into the 1st Anti-Aircraft Division. A number of London infantry battalions were also converted to the AA role, the 11th Londons being transferred to the Royal Artillery (RA) on 15 December 1935 as 61st (Finsbury Rifles) Anti-Aircraft Brigade, Royal Artillery), with the following organisation:
HQ at Pentonville
170 AA Battery at Finchley
171 AA Battery at Pentonville
195 AA Battery at Finchley (raised by April 1938)
AA Machine Gun Battery at Pentonville (redesignated 224 Light Anti-Aircraft (LAA) Battery in 1937)
Despite their transfer to the RA, the personnel continued to wear their Finsbury Rifles cap badge. The 61st AA Bde formed part of 28th (Thames and Medway) Anti-Aircraft Group of 1 AA Division, but in May 1938 it joined a new 37th AA Bde based in North London.
The TA's AA units were mobilised on 23 September 1938 during the Munich Crisis, with units manning their emergency positions within 24 hours, even though many did not yet have their full complement of men or equipment. The emergency lasted three weeks, and they were stood down on 13 October. With the expansion of the TA after the Munich Crisis, most units split to form duplicates. In the case of 61st AA Bde, 224 LAA Bty was expanded into a full regiment in October as 12th (Finsbury Rifles) Light Anti-Aircraft Brigade, Royal Artillery, with 33–35 LAA Btys and a new 44 LAA Bty formed on 16 January 1939, while 61st adopted 'Middlesex' as its subtitle and formed a new 272 Bty at Southgate on 1 November. On formation the new 12th LAA Bde chose to show its ancestral links to the Finsbury Rifles and KRRC by wearing a black KRRC button on the shoulder straps of their tunics and battledress blouses. On 1 January 1939 the RA adopted the more normal designations of 'regiments' for 'brigades'. By April 1939 272 Bty had left 61st AA Rgt to become the basis of a new 90th AA Rgt in 37th AA Bde.
World War II
Mobilisation
In February 1939 the existing AA defences came under the control of a new Anti-Aircraft Command and 37th AA Brigade was transferred to a new 6th AA Division in May. In June a partial mobilisation of TA units was begun in a process known as 'couverture', whereby each AA unit did a month's tour of duty in rotation to man selected AA positions. On 24 August, ahead of the declaration of war, AA Command was fully mobilised at its war stations.
61st (Middlesex) HAA Regiment
37th AA Brigade operated a layout of gun sites from Dagenham to Thorpe Bay in Essex, along the north side of the Thames Estuary, known as 'Thames North'. Opportunities for action were rare during the Phoney War, but on the night of 22/23 November 1939 the Thames North guns combined with those of 28 AA Bde on the other bank of the river ('Thames South') to engage at least two enemy mine-laying aircraft that had strayed into the mouth of the Estuary. One wrecked aircraft was found on the marshes.
On 1 June 1940 the RA's AA regiments equipped with 3-inch or 3.7-inch guns were redesignated Heavy AA (HAA) to distinguish them from the newer LAA regiments.
Battle of Britain
By 11 July 1940, the Thames North AA layout operated by 37 AA Bde had a total of 46 HAA guns (3.7-inch and even 4.5-inch). The brigade was heavily engaged throughout the Battle of Britain On 22 August, for example, a mass raid flew up the Thames Estuary to attack RAF Hornchurch on the Essex shore: the raid was broken up by 37 and 28 AA Bdes, and then the fighters of No. 11 Group RAF attacked. Follow-up raids were marked for the fighters by 'pointer' rounds of HAA fire. On 2 September another mass raid arrived over the Medway and flew up the Thames towards Hornchurch. They came under heavy fire from the 3.7s and 4.5s of 28 and 37 AA Bdes and 15 were shot down before the fighters took over. On 7 September heavy raids up the estuary attacked oil wharves at Thameshaven, Tilbury Docks and Woolwich Arsenal: a total of 25 aircraft were destroyed by AA guns and fighters.
On 15 September, remembered as the climax of the battle, 220 bombers attacked London in the morning despite heavy casualties inflicted by the RAF fighters. More attacks came in the afternoon and the AA guns around London, particularly Thames North, were continuously in action. Between the guns and fighters, the Luftwaffe lost 85 aircraft that day, an unsustainable rate of loss.
The Blitz
After 15 September the intensity of Luftwaffe day raids declined rapidly, and it began a prolonged night bombing campaign over London and industrial towns (The Blitz). This meant that the Thames North guns were in action night after night as the bomber streams approached the London Inner Artillery Zone, but even with the assistance of searchlights, the effectiveness of HAA fire and fighters was greatly diminished in the darkness. 61st HAA Regiment served throughout this period.
Iraq
61st HAA Regiment was next selected to be sent to the Middle East. It left AA Command in September and by 8 December 1941 it was in 8th AA Bde in Tenth Army in Iraq and Persia. Tenth Army was being built ip to counter the threat from air raids on the vital oil installations if the German Army on the Eastern Front penetrated into the Caucasus. The tasks allotted to 8th AA Bde were defence of the Basra base area, RAF Habbaniya, Mosul and the oil installations at Kirkuk. These widely spread Gun Defence Areas (GDAs) generally received one HAA battery and one LAA battery each.
The German threat to the Persian oilfields never materialised, but Tenth Army found a secondary role in acclimatising units before they went on active service in North Africa. Hence 61st HAA Rgt left 8th AA Bde in March 1942 to move to Middle East Forces (MEF) in Egypt to bolster the AA defences of the Suez Canal.
Egypt
In April, RHQ 61st HAA Rgt with its signal section, Royal Corps of Signals, and Royal Army Ordnance Corps workshop was ordered down from Tell El Kebir in the Nile Delta to Suez, arriving on 21 May. During the summer the regiment took charge of all HAA batteries on the eastern side of the canal at the Suez end under 89th (Cinque Ports) HAA Rgt, whose CO was AA Defence Commander (AADC), Suez. These 3.7-inch gun sites were manned by 170 and 171 Btys of 61st HAA Rgt, together with 5 HAA Bty, Royal Malta Artillery manning two 4.5-inch guns and Z Battery rocket projectors.
By September 1942, with Rommel's Panzerarmee Afrika at El Alamein, just 66 miles (106 km) from Alexandria, Luftwaffe reconnaissance raids over Suez Bay and the docks and oil refinery at Port Tewfik became common. Later that month, 61st HAA Rgt was relieved at Suez and in October, at the time of the Second Battle of El Alamein, it was part of 17th AA Bde, assigned to Eighth Army and held in reserve for the breakthrough and advance into Libya.
In January 1943, as Eighth Army swept westwards, 17th AA Bde, including 61st HAA with all three of its batteries, was defending the port of Tobruk and its airfields at El Adem and Gambut. It was still in these positions in May when the Tunisian Campaign ended.
Sicily
61st HAA Regiment was not involved in the assault phase of the Allied invasion of Sicily (Operation Husky) (see below), but moved to the island when it became the base for the Allied invasion of Italy in September 1943. RHQ, 170 Bty and half of 171 Bty, with a total of 12 3.7-inch guns, were under 73rd AA Bde defending the ferry port of Milazzo. By January 1944 the regiment, now at full strength, was defending the port of Augusta.
Italy
61st HAA Regiment crossed to mainland Italy in September 1944 and joined 25 AA Bde, which was responsible for defending the ports of Bari, Barletta, Brindisi and Manfredonia in Apulia. Bari in particular had continued to attract attention from Luftwaffe night bombers after the disastrous raid of December 1943. 25th AA Brigade HQ was relieved of its tasks in south east Italy in December 1944, and 61st HAA Rgt came under the command of 22nd AA Bde.
The long static spell was broken by the Allied breakthrough in April 1945. 61st HAA Regiment was sent across Italy to join 66th AA Bde (in which 12th (Finsbury Rifles) LAA Rgt was serving in an infantry and field artillery role, see below). The brigade was sent 100 miles north to defend Genoa, and it was AA advance parties who actually captured the city with little difficulty. Early in May the requirement for AA defence ended when the Surrender of Caserta came into force.
Regimental HQ with 171 and 195 HAA Btys was placed in suspended animation on 1 September 1945; 170 HAA Bty followed on 27 October.
12th (Finsbury Rifles) LAA Regiment
On the outbreak of war this regiment was in London District, but shortly afterwards was assigned to a new 56th Light AA Bde. This was formed in 6th AA Division on 30 September 1939 with responsibility for defending airfields in South East England.
44 (Finsbury Rifles) LAA Battery
On 15 February 1940, 44 LAA Bty went to Fleet, Hampshire, France to help form a new 101 LAA/Anti-Tank Rgt for 1st Support Group in 1st Armoured Division with the BEF. It sailed for France on 16 May when the Battle of France had already begun. It immediately went into action to hold crossings over the Seine until the tanks arrived, though the LAA batteries only had Lewis gunss. It took part in the Battle of Abbeville and then, when the bulk of the BEF had been evacuated from Dunkirk the remnants of the Support Group fought on until they were evacuated from western France in Operation Aerial (15–17 June). 101st LAA/AT Rgt was broken up in November 1940, but 44 LAA Bty did not return to its parent unit. Instead it joined a new 61st LAA Rg in 1st Support Group, with which it fought in North Africa.
Meanwhile, the rest of 12th LAA Rgt was serving in 6th AA Bde in 6th AA Division, responsible for AA defence of RAF airfields in Essex during the Battle of Britain and early part of the Blitz. By May 1941 it was in 60th AA Bde in 8th AA Division, responsible for covering Yeovil, Exeter and Portland.
Middle East
In March 1942 the regiment began the two-month voyage to the Middle East, joining 8th AA Bde of Tenth Amy in Iraq in May. In September it transferred to Persia and Iraq Command (PAIFORCE), and then in May 1943 moved on to MEF in Egypt. From there it joined Eighth Army in Tunisia, where it was preparing for the invasion of Sicily (Operation Husky).
Operation Husky
For the assault landing on 10 July 1943, all three of 12th LAA Rgt's batteries were assigned to Beach Groups in XXX Corps's sector. Beach Groups consisted of a mixture of sub-units from different Arms and Services to secure, defend and control the landing points over which the assault units would pass. Each beach group was allotted one HAA and one LAA battery, commanded by a small AA HQ in radio contact with a control ship. The AA batteries landed with a minimum scale of men and equipment. The gunners went ashore as infantry, prepared for a firefight before moving to the sites selected for gun positions.
There was only light opposition to the assault on Eighth Army's front, and most of the beach groups were established at their designated gun sites or alternatives by the time the guns arrived four hours later. During the morning the Luftwaffe began attacking the beaches and shipping with high-level bombing and low-level machine-gunning, and the LAA batteries were very active. 34 Battery of 12th LAA Rgt shot down two aircraft in the morning, but the LAA gunners were hampered by the lack of early warning radar and by having unsuitable radio receivers. Over the next two days the AA HQs and the batteries' equipment came ashore, but confusion continued and there were many cases of 'friendly fire' incidents against Allied aircraft over the beaches.
Eighth Army captured Catania on 5 August, and the AA units moved up behind it to defend the airfields. 12th LAA Rgt defended Catania under 73rd AA Bde, with 34 Bty detached to Comiso under 62nd AA Bde. By mid-September, when Eighth Army launched Operation Baytown to cross the Straits of Messina onto mainland Italy, 34 Bty had rejoined RHQ at Catania, while 36 Bty had been pushed forward to Messina. During the early stages of the fighting on the mainland 12th LAA Rgt remained in the area of Messina and Milazzo alongside 61st HAA Rgt under 73rd AA Bde.
By January 1944, when Sicily was merely a rear base, 12th LAA Rgt was alongside 61st HAA Rgt at Augusta, with 34 Bty detached to Palermo.
Italy
The regiment landed in Italy later in 1944. After the breakout from the Anzio beachhead and the capture of Rome in June, it joined 66th AA Bde supporting the advance of the US Fifth Army up the west coast to Livorno. The brigade then remained in the area between Livorno and Florence for the winter, in heavy rain, flooding and snow. The tasks were limited to the AA defence of the port of Livorno (HAA and LAA) and five airfields (LAA only). By now there was a severe frontline manpower shortage and an excess of AA units, so several regiments including 12th LAA began re-training as infantry. At one point 12th LAA formed a troop armed with US 75mm pack howitzers.
In April 1945, 66th AA Bde moved on to Genoa (see above). At the end of the war 12th LAA Rgt became a holding regiment on 22 November 1945, with A to D Btys, before being placed in suspended animation at RAF Gosfield, Essex, on 14 April 1946.
Postwar
In 1947 both regiments were reformed in the reconstituted TA.
61st HAA Regiment became 461st (Middlesex) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, RA, with HQ at Finchley, forming part of 63 AA Bde (the former 37th AA Bde). However, when AA Command was disbanded on 10 March 1955, the regiment was ordered into 'suspended animation'. This was soon changed to total disbandment, which was completed by July that year.
12th LAA Regiment became 512th (Finsbury Rifles) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, RA, with its HQ at Pentonville, forming part of 52 (London) AA Bde (the former 26th (London) AA Bde. It survived the disbandment of AA Command, instead merging with 568 (St Pancras) (Mixed) LAA/Searchlight Regiment and 656 (Tower Hamlets) HAA Regiment to form 512 LAA Regiment:
P (Finsbury Rifles) Battery
Q (St Pancras) Battery
R (Tower Hamlets) Battery.
The new regiment was in 33 AA Bde (the wartime 63rd AA Bde). Another round of mergers in 1961 saw P and R Batteries amalgamate with 459 (Essex Regiment) HAA Regiment and 517 LAA (formerly 7th and 5th Bns Essex Regiment respectively) to form a new 300 (Tower Hamlets) Light Air Defence Regiment, when the Finsbury Rifles lineage ended.
Insignia
The 35th Middlesex RVC adopted the Rifle green uniform with red facings and black buttons of the KRRC.
Despite their transfer to the RA in 1935, the regiment's personnel continued to wear their Finsbury Rifles cap badges. On formation 12th LAA Rgt chose to show its ancestral links to the Finsbury Rifles and KRRC by wearing a black KRRC button on the shoulder straps of tunics and battledress blouses.
During World War II, 61st HAA Rgt bore an embroidered arm title '61 MIDDX RA' in gold on maroon, worn on the sleeve of the battledress blouse.
Honorary Colonels
The following served as Honorary Colonels of the Finsbury Rifles:
Col Henry Penton (1817–1882; see above)
Capt Frederick Thomas Penton, MP (1851–1929; son of Henry Penton)
William Compton, 6th Marquess of Northampton, DSO, appointed 15 December 1923
Maj Cyril Frederick Penton (1886–1960; younger son of F.T. Penton), appointed Hon Col of 11th Londons and later 12th (Finsbury Rifles) LAA on 23 May 1935
Sir Howard Button, appointed Hon Col of 61st (Middlesex) HAA on 27 August 1938.
Prominent members
Field Marshal Lord Harding (1896–1989), commissioned as a TF 2nd Lt on 15 May 1914, transferred to the Regular Army during World War I.
Lance-Corporal John Alexander Christie (1895–1967), enlisted September 1914, won the VC in Palestine.
Battle Honours
The Finsbury Rifles were awarded the following Battle Honours (those listed in Bold Type were chosen to appear on the regimental appointments):
South Africa 1900–02.
World War I: Bullecourt, Ypres 1917, Menin Road, Polygon Wood, Passchendaele, France and Flanders 1917–18, Suvla, Landing at Suvla, Scimitar Hill, Gallipoli 1915, Egypt 1915–17, Gaza, El Mughar, Nebi Samwil, Jerusalem, Jaffa, Tell 'Asur, Megiddo, Sharon, Palestine 1917–18.
The Royal Artillery does not carry battle honours, so none were awarded to 61st HAA Rgt or 12th LAA Rgt for World War II.
Memorials
The 11th Londons (Finsbury Rifles) and 12th (Finsbury Rifles) LAA war memorials are in St Mark's, Myddelton Square, Clerkenwell.
A bronze panel on the Finsbury War Memorial depicts the Finsbury Rifles at Gaza. The memorial is in Spa Green Garden at the junction of Rosebery Avenue and Gloucester Way.
The regiment is one of those whose titles are inscribed on the City and County of London Troops Memorial in front of the Royal Exchange, London, with architectural design by Sir Aston Webb and sculpture by Alfred Drury. The right-hand (southern) bronze figure flanking this memorial depicts an infantryman representative of the various London infantry units.
A memorial plaque to Jock Christie, VC, was unveiled on 28 March 2014 at Euston Station where he had worked as a parcels clerk for the London and North Western Railway.
Notes
References
Anon, Regimental Badges and Service Caps, London: George Philip & Sons, 1941
Brig C.F. Aspinall-Oglander, History of the Great War: Military Operations Gallipoli, Vol II, May 1915 to the Evacuation, London: Heinemann, 1932/Imperial War Museum & Battery Press, 1992, .
Maj R. Money Barnes, The Soldiers of London, London: Seeley Service, 1963.
Ian F.W. Beckett, Riflemen Form: A study of the Rifle Volunteer Movement 1859–1908, Aldershot: Ogilby Trusts, 1982, .
David L. Bullock, Allenby's War: The Palestine-Arabian Campaigns 1916–1918, London: Blandford Press, 1988, .
John Wm. Burrows, Essex Units in the War 1914–1919, Vol 5, Essex Territorial Infantry Brigade (4th, 5th, 6th and 7th Battalions), Also 8th (Cyclist) Battalion The Essex Regiment, Southend: John H. Burrows & Sons, 1932.
Col John K. Dunlop, The Development of the British Army 1899–1914, London: Methuen, 1938.
Major L.F. Ellis, History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The War in France and Flanders 1939–1940, London: HM Stationery Office, 1954/Uckfield, Naval & Military Press, 2004.
Capt Cyril Falls, History of the Great War: Military Operations, Egypt and Palestine, Vol II, From June 1917 to the End of the War, London: HM Stationery Office, 1930/Imperial War Museum and Naval & Military Press, 2013, .
J.B.M. Frederick, Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978, Vol II, Wakefield, Microform Academic, 1984, .
Richard Holmes, Soldiers: Army Lives and Loyalties from Redcoats to Dusty Warriors, London: HarperPress, 2011, .
N.B. Leslie, Battle Honours of the British and Indian Armies 1695–1914, London: Leo Cooper, 1970, .
Norman E.H. Litchfield, The Territorial Artillery 1908–1988 (Their Lineage, Uniforms and Badges), Nottingham: Sherwood Press, 1992, .
Lt-Gen Sir George MacMunn & Capt Cyril Falls, History of the Great War: Military Operations, Egypt and Palestine, Vol I, From the Outbreak of War with Germany to June 1917, London: HM Stationery Office, 1928/Imperial War Museum and Battery Press, 1992, .
David Martin, Londoners on the Western Front: The 58th (2/1st London) Division in the Great War, Barnsley: Pen & Sword Books, 2014, .
Lt-Col H.R. Martin, Historical Record of the London Regiment, 2nd Edn (nd).
John North, Gallipoli: The Fading Vision, London: Faber & Faber, 1936.
Brig N.W. Routledge, History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: Anti-Aircraft Artillery 1914–55, London: Royal Artillery Institution/Brassey's, 1994, .
Lt-Col J.D. Sainsbury, The Hertfordshire Batteries, Royal Field Artillery: An Illustrated History 1908–1920, Welwyn: Hertfordshire Yeomanry and Artillery Historical Trust/Hart Books, 1996, .
Edward M. Spiers, The Army and Society 1815–1914, London: Longmans, 1980, .
Titles and Designations of Formations and Units of the Territorial Army, London: War Office, 7 November 1927; RA section also reprinted in Litchfield, Appendix IV.
Ray Westlake, Tracing the Rifle Volunteers, Barnsley: Pen and Sword, 2010, .
Online sources
British Army units from 1945 on
British History Online
British Military History
The Long, Long Trail
Orders of Battle at Patriot Files
Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and Commonwealth (Regiments.org)
The Royal Artillery 1939–45
The Regimental Warpath 1914–1918
Stepping Forward: A Tribute to the Volunteer Military Reservists and Supporting Auxiliaries of Greater London
UK War Memorials Register
Military units and formations established in 1860
Rifle Volunteer Corps of the British Army
Military units and formations in London
Military units and formations in Middlesex
Military units and formations in Islington
Battalions of the London Regiment (1908–1938)
Military units and formations disestablished in 1961
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6216584
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballal
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Ballal
|
Ballal (also spelt as Ballala) is a surname from coastal Karnataka in India. It is found among Hindu Bunt and Jain Royal communities.
History
Thurston mentions that the origin of the title Ballal is explained by a proverb which goes when a Bunt becomes powerful he becomes a Ballal and that it reflects a claim of descent from the Hoysala Ballal kings. The Hoysalas had matrimonial relations with the Alupa royal family of coastal Karnataka. In the Book Prachina Tulunadu (Ancient Tulu nadu), The writers N.S. Kille and N.A Sheenappa Heggade state that following the decline of Alupas, the coastal region of Karnataka (except kasaragod) came under the sway of powerful local Bunt-Jain feudal families who established feudatory states or chiefdoms. These Feudal lords and petty kings were generally referred to as Bunt Nadava's later owed allegiance to the Vijayanagara Empire. Kadamba kings in the southern regions of erstwhile South Canara and North Kerala sought to establish their high prestige and separate royal identity.The Samantha Arasu Ballal and Varma Ballal kings were descendants of the kadamba Dynasty.
Various Ballal families are frequently mentioned in Tulu folk songs called Pardana. The Folk epic of Koti and Chennayya for example describes a battle between three
Ballal princes namely the Ballal of Padumale, the Ballal of Panja and the Ballal of Yenmoor.
Ballal king is said to have built shri vaidyanatha daivasthana temple, shaktinagar, Mangalore
Following the chaos that followed the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire, The Nayakas of Keladi took control of the area and seem to have subdued a confederacy of the various Ballal families that held sway in the coastal region of Karnataka.Guedumardady, Maipady, Doltady, Kulur, Panambur, Pedanar, Mudibidri, Yerumal, Kapu, Katpadi, Nidambur, Pervodi, Chittupadi, Belor, Konnara, Mudradi, Hebri, Hiretor, Tomboso, Anaji, Tagrette, Herar, Gololer, Agumbe, Muttur, Malor, Modicar, Adolly, ,jeppu,kedambady,Muloly and Vitla were said to have been subdued and they were forced to pay annual tributes.
The title Ballal in its feminine form Ballalthi also appears to have been born by females. This was possible as the matrilineal culture of the Bunts allowed women to take family titles and enjoy ownership of land. An inscription from 1673 C.E states that one Sankara Devi Ballalthi possessed ownership of a land called Kambala gadde in Sullia. Some women bearing the title are known to have established ancient temples as well. Ammu Devi Ballalthi was associated with establishing the Dharmasthala Temple and the Ballalthi of Moodubelle is said to have established the Mahalingeshwara temple in Belle, Udupi
Notable people
Ramabai Peshwa, wife of Madhavrao I
Ashish Kumar Ballal, former Indian National Hockey Team Captain
Kinyakka Ballal
Dr H. S. Ballal, Pro Chancellor, Manipal University
Vyasaraya Ballal, Kannada writer
Kishori Ballal, actor
See also
Banga Arasa, another historical title used in present-day Karnataka
References
Indian surnames
Bunt community surnames
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30699118
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASM-A-1%20Tarzon
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ASM-A-1 Tarzon
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The ASM-A-1 Tarzon, also known as VB-13, was a guided bomb developed by the United States Army Air Forces during the late 1940s. Mating the guidance system of the earlier Razon radio-controlled weapon with a British Tallboy bomb, the ASM-A-1 saw brief operational service in the Korean War before being withdrawn from service in 1951.
Design and development
Development of the VB-13 Tarzon began in February 1945, with Bell Aircraft being awarded a contract by the United States Army Air Forces for the development of a very large guided bomb. The VB-13 was a combination of a radio-command guidance system as used on the smaller VB-3 Razon ('Range And azimuth only') guided bomb with the British-developed Tallboy "earthquake" bomb, known to the USAAF as M112. The 'Tarzon' name was a portmanteau, combining Tallboy, range and azimuth only, describing the weapon and guidance system; and was pronounced similarly to that of "Tarzan", the popular "ape-man" fictional character.
The VB-13, redesignated ASM-A-1 in 1948, was developed under the project code MX-674. It had an annular wing around the midsection of its body, mounted near the weapon's center of gravity. At the rear of the bomb was an octagonal tail surface containing the Razon control surfaces. Intended to be carried by the Boeing B-29 Superfortress bomber, the Tarzon bomb used the combination of AN/ARW-38 [Joint Army Navy, Piloted Aircraft, Radio, Automatic Flight or Remote Control] command link transmitter on the B-29 and an AN/URW-2 [Joint Army Navy, Utility, Radio, Automatic Flight or Remote Control] receiver on the Tarzon to provide manual command guidance of range and azimuth. This was done with visual tracking of the bomb's course, aided by a flare mounted in the tail of the weapon. Gyroscopes on board the ASM-A-1 aided in stabilisation, while a pneumatic system drove the bomb's control surfaces. The guidance system was considered effective; Tarzon proved in testing to have an accuracy of .
In addition to the nominal weight of the Tallboy it was based on, the annular wing and control surfaces boosted the weight of Tarzon by an additional . This made the ASM-A-1 too large and heavy to fit inside the bomb bay of a Superfortress; instead, the weapon was carried in a semi-recessed mounting, half the weapon being exposed to the airstream. This increased drag on the carrying aircraft, and caused turbulent airflow that could affect the handling of the B-29.
Operational history
Although the VB-13 project had not reached the testing stage by the end of World War II, it avoided being cancelled, proceeding as a low-priority project. Limited testing was conducted during 1948 and 1949; additional testing at Alamogordo, New Mexico in 1950 led to the Tarzon being approved for operational service in the Korean War.
Tarzon saw its first combat use in December 1950, the ASM-A-1 replacing the Razon in operational service; the smaller weapon had been determined to be too small for effective use against bridges and other hardened targets. Used solely by the 19th Bomb Group, which had previously conducted the Razon's combat missions, the first Tarzon drop in combat took place on December 14, 1950.
The largest bomb used in combat during the war, Tarzon was used in strikes against North Korean bridges and other hardened targets, the Tarzon's improved accuracy over conventional 'dumb bombs' led to the confirmed destruction of at least six high-priority targets during approximately six months of combat use; these included a hydroelectric plant, proving the effectiveness of guided weapons against conventional targets as well as bridges.
Thirty Tarzon missions were flown between December 1950 and March 1951; the weapon's success led to a contract for the production of 1,000 additional ASM-A-1 missiles. On March 29, 1951, however, a Tarzon strike against Sinuiju went awry; the group commander's aircraft was destroyed as a result of the premature detonation of the bomb when, the aircraft suffering mechanical difficulties, the weapon was jettisoned in preparation for ditching. The thirtieth, and as it proved final, mission, three weeks following the Sinuiju mission, also suffered an unintentional detonation of a jettisoned, "safed" bomb, although this time without the loss of the aircraft.
An investigation proved that the fault lay in the construction of the bomb's tail; breaking up on impact, a 'safed' bomb would have its arming wire removed, rendering it 'unsafe' and detonating the weapon. Modifications were made to solve the problem, but the damage had been done; the safety issues, increased maintenance costs compared to conventional bombs, the fact that the bomb's guidance system required clear-day use only, rendering the bombers vulnerable to enemy fighters, and required that the weapon be released at a prime altitude for the aircraft to be in danger from enemy flak. These combined with the weapon's poor reliability – only six of twenty-eight bombs dropped successfully destroyed their targets – to result in the production order being canceled by the USAF; following this, the Tarzon program as a whole was terminated in August 1951.
See also
Azon
Bat (guided bomb)
Fritz X
Grand Slam (bomb)
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
External links
Military equipment introduced from 1945 to 1949
Guided bombs of the United States
Bell aircraft
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43278656
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepturges%20zikani
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Lepturges zikani
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Lepturges zikani is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Melzer in 1928.
References
Lepturges
Beetles described in 1928
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1136632
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun-tailed%20monkey
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Sun-tailed monkey
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The sun-tailed monkey (Allochrocebus solatus) from Gabon is one of the least studied primates in its habitat. It was discovered as a new species in 1988, and is classified as a guenon, which is a member of the genus Cercopithecus, but was subsequently moved to the genus Allochrocebus. It is closely related to A. preussi and A. Ihoesti, which has been determined by chromosomal analysis. Sun-tailed monkeys prefer shady areas with dense vegetation. However, even after small amounts of logging activity, populations can be unaffected. Much of their diet remains unknown and is still being studied, but they are known to prefer fruit. Their social groups are made up of one male and multiple females. Generally, the sun-tailed monkey is less aggressive towards related individuals, which is noteworthy because it has been found that, in other primate species, aggression rates towards related individuals are generally as high or higher than aggression rates towards non-related individuals. Within their social groups, individual monkeys show preference for their mothers over their fathers, and are overall less aggressive to other monkeys that they are associated with spatially.
Conservation status
The Sun-tailed monkey is a Class B protected species under the African Convention and Appendix II of CITES. The Gabonese government gave it protected status in 1994 and some animals are kept there in captivity. Around 10% of the monkey's habitat is in the Lopé National Park, but the highest density is at the Foret des Abeilles, which is still unprotected. It is recommended that there should be more monitoring of hunting and logging activity in its habitat, as well as more research into the distribution and biology of the species in general. Occasionally, there have been reports of monkeys raiding crops in local villages. However, there is not much study into how these interactions with humans affect the populations as a whole.
Biochemistry
As one of the most poorly known nonhuman primate species with only one semi-captive population in the world, not much is known about its genome or biochemistry. However, there has been some research conducted into the blood biochemistry of the animal. Blood analysis of the sun-tailed monkey reveals that males show higher levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit than females. Females, however, showed higher levels of cholesterol and had higher neutrophil counts. In general, as the monkey ages, levels of blood urea increase and albumin protein levels decrease, which suggest declining liver, kidney and muscle function through life.
References
External links
ARKive - images and movies of the sun-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus solatus)
Animal Info 2004
Further reading
Harrison, Michael J. S. (1988). "A new species of guenon (genus Cercopithecus) from Gabon". Journal of Zoology 215 (3): 561-575. (Cercopithecus solatus, new species).
Mittermeier, Russell A.; Rylands, Anthony B.; Wilson, Don E.; chief editors (2013). Handbook of the Mammals of the World. 3. Primates. Bellaterra, Spain: Lynx Edicions. 952 pp. .
sun-tailed monkey
Mammals of Gabon
Endemic fauna of Gabon
sun-tailed monkey
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1299579
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermengarde%20of%20Tonnerre
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Ermengarde of Tonnerre
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Ermengarde ( 1032 – 1083), daughter of Renauld, Count of Tonnerre and Herviz, married William I, Count of Nevers in 1045. She had six children:
Ermengarde (born 1050, date of death unknown), married Hubert I, Count of Beaumont
Robert (1052 – February 12, 1095), later Bishop of Auxerre
William II (1052–1090), inherited grandfather's title as Count of Tonnerre
Heloise (born 1056, date of death unknown), married William, Count of Évreux
Sibille (1058–1078), married Hugh I, Duke of Burgundy
Renauld II (1059–1089), inherited father's title as Count of Nevers.
Her husband William I was the son of Renauld I, Count of Nevers and Hedwig/Advisa of Auxerre, daughter of Robert II of France.
Notes
References
1030s births
1083 deaths
11th-century French women
11th-century French people
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32163219
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barefoot%20Blue%20Jean%20Night%20%28song%29
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Barefoot Blue Jean Night (song)
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"Barefoot Blue Jean Night" is a song written by Dylan Altman, Eric Paslay and Terry Sawchuk, and recorded by American country music artist Jake Owen. It is the seventh single of his career, and was released in April 2011 as the first single and title track from his album of the same name. It reached number one on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in September 2011.
History
Owen told Taste of Country that he was "pretty much finished" creating the album, and was given the song about three days before it was supposed to be done. After saying that he "could not get it out of [his] head", he decided to record it after a friend told him, "You're crazy if you don't record that song." Owen also said that he identified with the song's beach-related imagery, as he grew up on a beach in Florida. Co-writer Eric Paslay told the same website that he started playing a riff on a high-strung guitar. He and the co-writers decided to make the song a summertime anthem because the first lyrics they thought of "sounded like a summertime anthem."
Critical reception
Matt Bjorke of Roughstock gave the song a positive review, saying that it "giv[es] off a fun, good time vibe". He also thought that the use of banjo and drum machine recalled the work of Mark McGuinn. Michael Sudhalter, in his review of the album for Country Standard Time, said that the song "has a perfect chorus, and it's just right for the summer time." Kevin John Coyne, reviewing the song for Country Universe, gave it a C+ rating, saying that in order for the "larger-than-life arrangement to have any traction, you've got to paint your memories with at least a nugget of lyrical depth."
Music video
The music video was directed by Mason Dixon and premiered in June 2011. It was filmed at Center Hill Lake in Middle Tennessee. It features his then-girlfriend and now ex-wife, Lacey Buchanan. It features Owen and many friends, including his band, having a good time on the lake and singing. It also features him on a boat with Lacey, and water-skiing.
Commercial performance
Many radio station began playing the song before its official release on April 18, 2011. The song gained enough airplay for it to enter Country Airplay at No. 55 as well as Hot Country Songs for the charts dated April 9, 2011. It debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 chart at No. 98 for the chart dated April 30, 2011 after the song release. The song peaked on the Billboard Hot 100 at No. 21 on October 22, 2011, as well as No. 1 on the Country Airplay and Hot Country Songs charts. The song was certified double platinum on May 9, 2013 by the RIAA. The song has sold 2.3 million copies in the U.S. as of September 2015.
Chart performance
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Decade-end charts
Certifications
References
2011 singles
2011 songs
Jake Owen songs
RCA Records Nashville singles
Songs written by Eric Paslay
Song recordings produced by Joey Moi
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31568698
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA%20G%20League%20Defensive%20Player%20of%20the%20Year%20Award
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NBA G League Defensive Player of the Year Award
|
The NBA G League Defensive Player of the Year is an annual NBA G League award given since the league's inaugural season to the best defensive player of the regular season. The league's head coaches determine the award by voting and it is usually presented to the honoree during the D-League playoffs.
Through the 2020–21 season, three players have been named the Defensive Player of the Year more than once: Derrick Zimmerman (2005, 2006), Stefhon Hannah (2012, 2013) and DeAndre Liggins (2014, 2016). Six international players have been named recipients: Stéphane Lasme (Gabon), Mouhamed Sene (Senegal), Walter Tavares (Cape Verde), Landry Nnoko (Cameroon), Chris Boucher (Canada), and Christ Koumadje (Chad). Jeff Myers was the inaugural winner while playing for the Greenville Groove.
Winners
See also
NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award
References
External links
D-League Defensive Player of the Year Award Winners at basketball-reference.com
National Basketball Association lists
Defensive Player
Awards established in 2002
2002 establishments in the United States
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44976335
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyllisia%20javanica
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Hyllisia javanica
|
Hyllisia javanica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1948.
References
Agapanthiini
Beetles described in 1948
Taxa named by Stephan von Breuning (entomologist)
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22255222
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave%20Philistin
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Dave Philistin
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Dave Philistin (born 1986) is a former American football linebacker and CEO and founder of Candor, a cloud-based managed IT services company. He played for the Maryland Terrapins at the University of Maryland. Philistin is a 2011 UFL Draft choice of the Las Vegas Locomotives.
Early years
Philistin was born on September 24, 1986 in Manchester, New Hampshire to mother Liz Murphy. His brother, Jacques, played football as a nose tackle at Norfolk State University where he earned All-American honors. Dave attended Manchester Central High School where he played football for four years. As a sophomore, he played as a defensive end, before moving to inside linebacker and tailback for his final two years. He also letter twice in track and field, with his events being sprints and shot put.
As a senior, he recorded 108 tackles, one interception returned for a touchdown, 4.5 quarterback sacks, one blocked punt that he also returned for a touchdown, and one fumble recovery. That year as a tailback, he rushed for 1,002 yards and 13 touchdowns. During his senior season, the team went 13–0 and won the state championship.
In high school, Philistin was named an all-state player three times. His senior year, ESPN named him the number-five outside linebacker in the nation. He was named a PrepStar All-American, SuperPrep All-New England selection, and 2004 New Hampshire player of the year. Philistin was recruited by Maryland, Boston College, Michigan, Ohio State, and West Virginia. Philistin said one of the reasons he chose Maryland was because "The coaches were a great fit here. I wanted to go to a school that wasn't too far, but where I felt like I was on my own."
College career
At Maryland, Philistin majored in American studies. In 2005, Phlistin saw action in 10 of 11 games as a true freshman reserve linebacker, and recorded seven tackles, five of which were solo, half of a tackle for loss, and one quarterback hurry. In 2006, he played in all 13 games again as a reserve and also in a special teams role. Philistin started twice at the "Sam" linebacker position. He recorded 15 solo tackles and 5.5 tackles for loss.
2007 was Philistin's breakout season, and he started in all 13 games at the "Mike" linebacker position. He recorded 124 total tackles, four broken-up passes, and one forced fumble and recovery. Philistin finished second on the team in total tackles, behind Erin Henderson, fourth in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), and 38th in the nation. He was named an All-ACC nominee.
In 2008, he was moved to the "Will" linebacker position. He played in all 13 games and started in 12, despite suffering a shoulder injury. He again ranked second on the team in total tackles with 94, behind Alex Wujciak. In the upset win against 23rd-ranked California, Philistin led the team with 13 tackles, including one for loss. ESPN named Philistin, alongside Moise Fokou, as one of the key impact players in that game.
Before the season, he was placed on the Bronko Nagurski Trophy and Lombardi Award watchlists. Philistin was named a consensus preseason first-team All-ACC, first-team Sporting News, Blue Ribbon, and Lindy's and second-team Athlon player. Lindy's also ranked him as the 11th inside linebacker in that nation. He was also an All-ACC nominee.
Professional career
Seattle Seahawks
Philistin was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Seattle Seahawks. The NFL Draft Scout had ranked Philistin 20th among 149 inside linebacker prospects for the 2009 draft. It said that, despite being undersized for the NFL, he is an excellent tackler, especially against rushers. The Sporting News projected Philistin as a sixth-round selection, noting that his key strengths were intelligence, persistence, and an ability to quickly read the run. It noted that his size might predispose him towards being a career reserve, although he was considered "a solid late-round pick for a team in a 3–4 scheme."
References
External links
Dave Philistin meets the Space Needle, The Diamondback, April 27, 2009.
1986 births
Living people
American football linebackers
Maryland Terrapins football players
Players of American football from New Hampshire
Sportspeople from Manchester, New Hampshire
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9694234
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Romes
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Charles Romes
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Charles Michael Romes (born December 16, 1954 in Verdun, France) was an American football cornerback in the NFL, primarily for the Buffalo Bills. He played college football at North Carolina Central University. Romes's 137 total starts with Buffalo are 8th-most in team history. He is distinguished as being the first French man to play in the National Football League.
Professional career
Romes played for the Bills for a total of ten seasons, playing in every game for the Bills from his rookie season to 1986, starting every game from 1978 forward. Romes logged at least one interception in every year from 1978 to 1986; his 28 career interceptions are fourth in team history. In Week Two of his second season, Romes returned an interception 85 yards for a touchdown against the New York Jets.
Romes played five games with the San Diego Chargers in 1987.
References
Charles Romes at Pro-Football-Reference
1954 births
People from Verdun
American football cornerbacks
Buffalo Bills players
San Diego Chargers players
North Carolina Central Eagles football players
French players of American football
Living people
Sportspeople from Meuse (department)
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39687105
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith%20Dunn
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Keith Dunn
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Keith Dunn(e) may refer to:
Keith Dunn (musician), American harmonica player, singer, producer and songwriter
Keith Dunn (footballer) (1906–1962), Australian rules footballer
Keith Dunne (born 1982), Irish footballer
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3017021
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Try%20It%20Baby
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Try It Baby
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"Try It Baby" is a slow blues ballad recorded by American soul singer Marvin Gaye, released on the Tamla label in 1964. The ballad was written and produced by Gaye's brother-in-law, Motown chairman Berry Gordy.
Background
The ballad talked of a woman who was "moving up" and "leaving (her man) behind". To help him along the way, the Temptations (fresh off scoring their first few hits) assisted Gaye in the track providing background vocals.
Cash Box described it as "a tantalizing, chorus-backed rhythm shuffler that Marvin does up in winning style."
Chart history
"Try It Baby" reached number 15 on the pop singles chart and number six on the R&B singles chart.
Cover versions
"Try It Baby" was covered in 1968 as a joint effort by Diana Ross & the Supremes and the Temptations. Featuring Melvin Franklin, Diana Ross, and Paul Williams on leads, the track was included on the 1968 LP Diana Ross & the Supremes Join the Temptations, their first of four joint albums.
Personnel
Marvin Gaye version
Lead vocals by Marvin Gaye
Background vocals by the Temptations: Paul Williams, Eddie Kendricks, David Ruffin, Melvin Franklin and Otis Williams
Trumpet solo by Maurice Davis
Instrumentation by the Funk Brothers
Supremes/Temptations version
Lead vocals by Diana Ross, Paul Williams and Melvin Franklin
Background Vocals by Otis Williams, Melvin Franklin, Eddie Kendricks, Paul Williams, Dennis Edwards, and the Andantes
Instrumentation by Los Angeles session musicians
References
1964 singles
1968 singles
Marvin Gaye songs
The Supremes songs
The Temptations songs
Songs written by Berry Gordy
Song recordings produced by Berry Gordy
1964 songs
Tamla Records singles
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27034070
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masandare
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Masandare
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Masandare is a settlement in Kenya's Narok County.
References
Populated places in Narok County
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43695035
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%20KBS%20Drama%20Awards
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2013 KBS Drama Awards
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The 2013 KBS Drama Awards () is a ceremony honoring the outstanding achievement in television on the Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) network for the year of 2013. It was held on December 31, 2013 and hosted by actors Lee Mi-sook, Shin Hyun-joon, Joo Sang-wook, and Im Yoona.
Nominations and winners
(Winners denoted in bold)
References
External links
KBS Drama Awards
KBS Drama Awards
KBS Drama Awards
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8437834
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulo%20Ricardo%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201987%29
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Paulo Ricardo (footballer, born 1987)
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Paulo Ricardo Alves da Silva (born 17 August 1987), known as Paulo Ricardo or simply Paulo , is a Brazilian retired footballer who played as a right back.
Career
He played for Santa Cruz on loan from Santos in the 2007 season.
Made professional debut, and only appearance this season in 4-3 away defeat to Botafogo on October 14, 2006.
Paulo played in Serie B with Sampaio Corrêa Futebol Clube.
References
External links
Futebol de Goyaz profile
1987 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Association football defenders
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players
Santos FC players
Santa Cruz Futebol Clube players
Esporte Clube Tigres do Brasil players
Legião Futebol Clube players
Brasiliense Futebol Clube players
Atlético Clube Goianiense players
Associação Atlética Anapolina players
Ceilândia Esporte Clube players
Santa Helena Esporte Clube players
Anápolis Futebol Clube players
Camboriú Futebol Clube players
Comercial Futebol Clube (Ribeirão Preto) players
Mogi Mirim Esporte Clube players
Sampaio Corrêa Futebol Clube players
Brasília Futebol Clube players
Grêmio Esportivo Juventus players
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2771336
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan%20Adkins
|
Dan Adkins
|
Danny L. Adkins (March 15, 1937 – May 3, 2013) was an American illustrator who worked mainly for comic books and science-fiction magazines.
Biography
Early life and career
Dan Adkins was born in West Virginia, in the basement of an unfinished house. He left the state "when I was about 7" as his family moved to Pennsylvania; Reno, Nevada; Phoenix, Arizona; New York; Ohio; and New Jersey. When he was "about 11" years old, Adkins said, he had a bout with rheumatic fever that left him paralyzed from the waist down for six months.
Serving in the Air Force in the mid-1950s, stationed at Luke Field outside Phoenix, Adkins was a draftsman. As he described the job,
Launched in 1956, that publication was Sata, filled with fantasy illustrations and reproduced on a spirit duplicator. In Phoenix, Arizona, Adkins met artist-writer Bill Pearson who signed on as Sata'''s co-editor. In 1959, Pearson became the sole editor of Sata, ending the 13-issue run with several offset-printed issues . Adkins contributed to numerous other fan publications, including Amra, Vega and Xero.
At 19, Adkins began doing freelance illustration for science-fiction magazines. He moved to New York City at and when he was "about 24" years old was an art director for the Hearst Corporation's American Druggist and New Medical Material magazines. Ss he recalled:
Silver Age of comic books
In 1964, during the period comic-book fans and historians call the Silver Age of Comics, Adkins joined the Wally Wood Studio as Wood's assistant. Wood and Adkins collaborated on a series of stories for Warren Publishing's black-and-white horror-comics magazines Creepy and Eerie. Adkins was among the original artists of Wood's T.H.U.N.D.E.R. Agents, for Tower Comics, drawing many Dynamo stories during his 16 months in the Wood Studio.
He joined Marvel Comics in 1967. working primarily as an inker but also penciling several stories for Doctor Strange and other titles. Adkins additionally worked for a variety of comics publishers, including Charlton Comics, DC Comics (Aquaman, Batman), Dell Comics/Western Publishing, Eclipse Comics, Harvey Comics, Marvel, and Pacific Comics.Dan Adkins at the Grand Comics Database.
In addition to penciling and inking, Adkins also did cover paintings, including for Amazing Stories, Eerie (issue 12) and Famous Monsters of Filmland (issues 42, 44). His magazine illustrations were published in Argosy (with Wood), Amazing Stories, Fantastic, Galaxy Science Fiction, Infinity, Monster Parade, Science-Fiction Adventures, Spectrum, Worlds of If and other magazines.
In the 2000s, he illustrated Parker Brothers products, and his artwork for Xero was reprinted in the hardback The Best of Xero'' (Tachyon, 2004).
Awards
In 2019, Adkins was inducted into the Inkwell Awards Joe Sinnott Hall of Fame for his lifetime achievement and outstanding accomplishments.
Personal life
Adkins was married to Jeanette Strouse.
Adkins died May 3, 2013, at age 76.
References
External links
1937 births
2013 deaths
American comics artists
American speculative fiction artists
American illustrators
Comics inkers
People from East Liverpool, Ohio
People from Reading, Pennsylvania
Silver Age comics creators
Marvel Comics people
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44512825
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Alvarez
|
George Alvarez
|
George Alvarez is a Cuban-American actor known for his work on the soap operas General Hospital, Port Charles and Guiding Light.
Early life
George Alvarez was born in Cuba. His family emigrated to the United States in the 1950s, and Alvarez grew up in West New York, New Jersey. He graduated from Memorial High School. He subsequently studied advertising at Parsons School of Design in Manhattan but eventually decided that he did not wish to pursue that field solely to make money, preferring something that would allow him to more fully express his artistic side.
Career
Alvarez worked at Studio 54 in its original heyday, and through the connections he made there, he responded to a casting call for a film. He got the part, but the project, and early attempt to adapt the Anne Rice novel Interview with the Vampire. Nonetheless, Alvarez realized that acting was what he wished to do, saying, "You get to pretend, get to be a kid again, and get paid well to do it."
After doing some theater work in New York, Alvarez moved to Los Angeles to more easily find film and television work. He also began to develop a passion for writing screenplays.
In the 1990s Alvarez got a two-day part on the soap opera General Hospital, which led to a long-term role on that show's spinoff, Port Charles. In 1999, when the series Guiding Light, which films in New York, sought to develop the role of Ray Santos, Alvarez, who was eager to return to New York to be with his growing sons, took the part.
Personal life
Alvarez has two sons. As of 2000, he lives in his childhood home, a brownstone on Boulevard East in West New York, New Jersey, that he had renovated when he returned to the East Coast in 1999.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
Male actors from New Jersey
American male film actors
Year of birth missing (living people)
Cuban emigrants to the United States
Living people
Memorial High School (West New York, New Jersey) alumni
People from West New York, New Jersey
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27263856
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie%20Chan%27s%20Courage
|
Charlie Chan's Courage
|
Charlie Chan's Courage (1934) is the fifth film in which Warner Oland played detective Charlie Chan. It is a remake of the 1927 silent film The Chinese Parrot; both are considered lost films.
An audio recreation accompanied by still photographs from the original film is included as a special feature on some DVD collections.
Plot
Chan is hired to transport a pearl necklace. When his employer is murdered, he sets out to unmask the killer.
Cast
Warner Oland as Charlie Chan
Drue Leyton as Paula Graham
Donald Woods as Bob Crawford
Paul Harvey as J.P. Madden / Jerry Delaney
Murray Kinnell as Martin Thorne
Reginald Mason as Alexander Crawford
Virginia Hammond as Mrs. Sally Jordan
Si Jenks as Will Holley
Harvey Clark as Professor Gamble
Jerry Jerome as Maydorf
Jack Carter as Victor Jordan
James Wang as Wong
DeWitt Jennings as Constable Brackett (as DeWitt C. Jennings)
Francis Ford as Hewitt
External links
References
1934 films
1930s mystery films
1930s crime thriller films
American films
American crime thriller films
Remakes of American films
American black-and-white films
Charlie Chan films
American detective films
Films based on American novels
Films directed by Eugene Forde
Sound film remakes of silent films
Lost American films
American mystery films
1934 lost films
Fox Film films
1930s English-language films
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