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4774114	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakiska	Nakiska	Nakiska is a ski resort in western Canada, in the Kananaskis Country region of the province of Alberta. It is located from Calgary, west on Highway 1 (Trans-Canada Highway) and south on Highway 40 (Kananaskis Trail). "Nakiska" is a Cree word meaning "to meet" or "meeting place." Set on the east face of the southern end of Mount Allan, Nakiska has 64 trails with four chairlifts (3 high-speed quads and 1 double), 1 Reg Magic Carpet and 1 Monster Carpet) set up over an area of . The longest run has , from a top lift-served elevation of to the base at . Nakiska is owned by Resorts of the Canadian Rockies, which also owns the Fernie, Kimberley, Kicking Horse Mountain Resort, Mont Sainte Anne, and Stoneham ski resorts. History The site was selected in 1983 and opened for skiing in the fall of 1986, in preparation for the 1988 Winter Olympics. Pre-Olympic races on the North American Cup circuit (Nor-Am) were held in December 1986 and World Cup downhill and super G races were held in March 1987. At the 1988 Winter Olympics, Nakiska hosted the ten alpine events, as well as freestyle moguls skiing, then a demonstration event. A temporary surface lift to the gusty top of the mountain was used for the men's downhill event. This poma can be seen from the top of the "Gold Chair" and is sometimes used for avalanche control. The starting gate of the men's Olympic downhill was at , above the present lift-served summit. That race was postponed a day due to winds at the summit. In 2008, Nakiska was named the official training centre of Alpine Canada (ACA). Each year Nakiska welcomes alpine teams from around the world for early season ski training. During the summer of 2008 the ski area embarked on a series of renovations. Snowmaking enhancements increased capacity by 33%. The 100 metre Monster Magic Carpet was added and the creation of a dedicated Training Run was completed on Mapmaker. In 2009, in preparation for the 2010 Olympics in Vancouver, more enhancements occurred. A new high-speed quad lift was installed (Gold Chair Express), replacing the original fixed-grip (Gold) triple chairlift. The ride time is 4.7 minutes, less than half of the previous chair's 9.7 minutes. In 2009 new ski trails were also created with the addition of the new Monster Glades (trails in the trees). The Olympic flame still burns at the entrance to the resort. Of note is that the men's downhill shown on the board inside the restaurant is not the actual run used. With test skiers saying the proposed run was too easy, the men's downhill course was changed with only 3 days to go, leaving no time to change the course board which has already been painted and mounted on the wall inside the restaurant. On November 13, 2017, the French Alpine ski racer David Poisson died in a crash during training. Climate A weather station located west of the ski area records temperature and wind speed. The station is above the tree line at an elevation of . It has reported wind gusts as high as See also List of ski areas and resorts in Canada 1988 Winter Olympics References Further reading External links 1988 trail map – Olympic runs Resorts of the Canadian Rockies – company site Venues of the 1988 Winter Olympics Olympic alpine skiing venues Olympic freestyle skiing venues Ski areas and resorts in Alberta Kananaskis Improvement District
60049224	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul%20Karim%20Rahman%20Hamzah	Abdul Karim Rahman Hamzah	Dato Sri Haji Abdul Karim Rahman Hamzah (Jawi: عبد الكريم الرحمن حمزة; born 15 May 1960), is a Malaysian politician based in the state of Sarawak from the Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu (PBB), a major component party of the ruling Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS) coalition of the state. He has served as State Minister of Tourism, Arts, Culture, Youth and Sports of Sarawak since May 2017. He served as the State Assistant Minister of Youth and Sports of Sarawak from January 2017 to May 2017 and State Assistant Minister of Housing and Youth Development of Sarawak from September 2011 to January 2017. He has also served as the Member of the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Asajaya since September 2001. Political career Abdul Karim was first appointed as Assistant Minister for Housing and Youth Development after successfully defending his seat and becoming a three-term MLA in 2011. In May 2017, Abdul Karim was promoted to full minister by the sixth Chief Minister of Sarawak Abang Abdul Rahman Zohari Abang Openg to head the Ministry of Tourism, Art, Culture, Youth and Sports. Election results Honours : Knight Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of Sarawak (PNBS) – Dato Sri (2021) Commander of the Order of the Star of Hornbill Sarawak (PGBK) – Datuk (2013) See also Asajaya (state constituency) References 21st-century Malaysian politicians Living people Malaysian lawyers Knights Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of Sarawak Commanders of the Order of the Star of Hornbill Sarawak 1960 births People from Kuching People from Sarawak Malaysian people of Malay descent Malaysian Muslims Sarawak politicians Sarawak state ministers Members of the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu politicians
26773794	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakon%20Lunde	Hakon Lunde	Hakon Lunde (12 October 1918 – 2 October 2005) was a Norwegian politician for the Progress Party. He was born in Kristiania as a son of wholesaler Ragnvald Bredo Lunde (1889–1964) and housewife Bergljot Iversen (1892–1987). He attended his first years of school in Nordstrand and Oslo Commerce School from 1935 to 1937. During World War II he was a soldier, first in the Norwegian Campaign. After irregular resistance work, he fled to Sweden, where he worked in the Norwegian legation in Stockholm. He then continued to the United Kingdom, where he received further education in the Royal Norwegian Navy-in-exile and the Royal Navy. Among others, he participated in the D-Day invasion, surviving the sinking of his ship, the destroyer HNoMS Svenner. He became heavily decorated with the UK Defence Medal, the Norwegian Defence Medal with Star, the Atlantic Star, the Norwegian War Medal with Star as well as two French and one Soviet medal. He chaired the Marinens Reserveoffiserers Forbund from 1948 to 1957, and received four veterancy awards between 1976 and 1991. From 1994 he chaired the Royal Norwegian Navy veterans' association. He contributed to erecting D-Day monuments at Vippetangen in 1992 and Hermanville-sur-Mer in 2004. From 1958 to 1998 he was the chairman of the company Hakon Lunde A/S. He was also chairman of Westermoen Båtbyggeri & Mek. Verksted from 1950 to 1958 and Christian Radich from 1978 to 1983 (board member 1964 to 1978). He was a board member of Elkjøp from 1963 to 1983, Norges Handels- og Sjøfartstidende from 1970 to 1978, Det Norske Oljeselskap from 1971 to 1989, a member of the supervisory board of Norges Bank from 1990 to 1993 and of the corporate assembly of Oslo Sporveier from 1996 to 2000. He was a member of the "council" of the Norwegian Maritime Museum from 1953 to 1996, chairing it from 1988 to 1996. He was a deputy member of the board of Oslo Port Authority from 1996 to 2000, and of the corporate assembly of Nationaltheatret from 1998 to 2000. He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Oslo during the terms 1989–1993 and 1997–2001. In total he met during 108 days of parliamentary session. From 1995 to 1999 he was a deputy member of Oslo city council. References 1918 births 2005 deaths Norwegian Army personnel of World War II Royal Norwegian Navy personnel of World War II Progress Party (Norway) politicians Deputy members of the Storting Politicians from Oslo
5435045	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s%20a%20Hard%20Life	It's a Hard Life	"It's a Hard Life" is a song by the British rock band Queen, written by lead singer Freddie Mercury. It was featured on their 1984 album The Works, and it was the third single from that album. In 1991 it was included in the band’s second compilation album Greatest Hits II. It reached number 6 in the UK Singles Chart and was their third consecutive Top 10 single from the album. It also reached number 2 in Ireland and number 20 in the Netherlands. It also came 19th in a poll, The Nation's Favourite Queen Song broadcast on ITV on 11 November 2014. Composition The opening lyric and melody of "It's a Hard Life" is based on the line "Ridi, Pagliaccio, sul tuo amore infranto!" (Laugh, clown, at your broken love!) from "Vesti la giubba", an aria from Ruggero Leoncavallo's opera Pagliacci. The same melody is also quoted in the soundtrack of the movie A Night at the Opera after which Queen had named their 1975 album. Musically, the song recreates the feel of "Play the Game" in order to update the story, utilising Mercury's piano playing and the band's characteristic technique of layered harmonies. It is recorded very much with the ethos of earlier Queen albums in that it features 'no synthesizers'. By that time the band had been using synths on record since 1980's The Game and the gesture of returning to the traditional Queen sound was comforting to some fans. Music video The accompanying music video, directed by Tim Pope and produced by Gordon Lewis, has been created in an operatic "style," with the band and extras appearing in period "operatic-style" costume. The video also featured an unusual "skull and bones"-themed guitar that cost more than £1,000, played by May, which can also be seen on the single's cover, and also relied heavily on the use of alchemist and pagan symbols and symbolism. The band found the costumes hot and uncomfortable, and the "eyes" on Mercury's outfit were ridiculed by the others, saying he looked "like a giant prawn". Both Brian May and Roger Taylor groaned out loud when shown this video during their commentary for the Greatest Video Hits 2 collection. Taylor, who openly admits to "loving the record, but really hating the video", said in the commentary: “I think we look more stupid in this video than any other artists has looked in a video." May pointed out more positively that the video was an ironic take, as it portrayed Mercury as a wealthy man singing about how hard life and love are, and at that point Mercury in real life possessed great wealth but was still searching for love. The video was filmed at the Arnold & Richter studio in Munich. Actors Kurt Raab and Barbara Valentin, friends of Mercury, can be seen as extras. Ingrid Mack, who is married to record producer Reinhold Mack and a friend of the band, is also featured. Track listings 7" single A side. "It's a Hard Life" (Album Version) - 4:08 B side. "Is This the World We Created...?" - 2:12 12" single A side. "It's a Hard Life" (Extended Version) - 5:05 B side. "Is This the World We Created...?" - 2:12 Personnel Freddie Mercury - lead and backing vocals, piano Brian May - electric guitar, backing vocals Roger Taylor - drums, backing vocals John Deacon - bass guitar Live recordings Live in Rio (VHS) We Are the Champions: Final Live in Japan (DVD) The song was only played on The Works Tour. On 17 Nov 2010, Tom Chaplin of Keane performed "It's a Hard Life" live with Brian May and Roger Taylor at The Prince's Trust Gala. Chart positions References External links Lyrics at Queen official website Queen (band) songs 1984 singles Songs written by Freddie Mercury Music videos directed by Tim Pope Song recordings produced by Reinhold Mack EMI Records singles Capitol Records singles Hollywood Records singles 1984 songs Songs about heartache
44347923	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred%20Barker%20%28footballer%29	Fred Barker (footballer)	Frederick John Austin Barker (31 October 1903 – 6 May 1974) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood and Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Notes External links Fred Barker's profile at Collingwood Forever 1903 births 1974 deaths Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia) Collingwood Football Club players Hawthorn Football Club players Sportspeople from Melbourne
21530645	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Holocaust%20in%20Latvia	The Holocaust in Latvia	The Holocaust in Latvia refers to the crimes against humanity committed by Nazi Germany and collaborators victimizing Jews during the occupation of Latvia. From 1941 to 1944, around 70,000 Jews were murdered, approximately three-quarters of the pre-war total of 93,000. In addition, thousands of German and Austrian Jews were deported to the Riga Ghetto. German occupation The German army crossed the Soviet frontier early morning on Sunday, 22 June 1941, on a broad front from the Baltic Sea to Hungary. The Germans advanced through Lithuania towards Daugavpils and other strategic points in Latvia. The Nazi police state included an organisation called the Security Service (German: Sicherheitsdienst), generally referred to as the SD, and its headquarters in Berlin was known as the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA). The SD in Latvia In advance of the invasion, the SD had organised four Einsatzgruppen, mobile death squads. The Einsatzgruppen name ("special assignment units") was a euphemism, as their real purpose was to kill large numbers of people whom the Nazis regarded as "undesirable". These included Communists, Gypsies, the mentally ill, homosexuals and, especially, Jews. The Einsatzgruppen followed closely behind the German invasion forces and established a presence in Latvia within days, and sometimes hours, of the occupation of a given area of the country by the German Wehrmacht. The SD in Latvia can be distinguished in photographs and descriptions by their uniforms. The full black of the Nazi SS was seldom worn; instead, the usual attire was the grey Wehrmacht uniform with black accents. They wore the SD patch on the left sleeve, a yellowish shirt, and the Death's Head (Totenkopf) symbol on their caps. The SD ranks were identical to the SS. The SD did not wear the SS lightning rune symbol on their right collar tabs but replaced it with either the Totenkopf or the letters "SD". The SD first established its power in Latvia through Einsatzgruppe A, which was subdivided into units called Einsatzkommandos 1a, 1b, 2 and 3. As the front line moved further east, Einsatzgruppe A moved out of Latvia, remaining in the country only a few weeks, after which its functions were taken over by the "resident" SD, under the authority of the Kommandant der Sicherheitspolizei un SD, generally referred to by the German initials of KdS. The KdS took orders both from RSHA in Berlin and from another official called the Befehlshaber (commander) der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD, or BdS. Both the KdS and the BdS were subordinate to another official called the Ranking (or Higher) SS and Police Commander (Höherer SS-und Polizeiführer), or HPSSF. The lines of authority were overlapping and ambiguous. The eastern part of Latvia, including Daugavpils and the Latgale region, was assigned to Einsatzkommandos 1b (EK 1b) and 3 (EK 3). EK 1b had about 50 to 60 men and was commanded by Erich Ehrlinger. Murders commence with Nazi invasion In Latvia, the Holocaust started on the night of 23 to 24 June 1941, when in the Grobiņa cemetery an SD detachment killed six local Jews, including the town pharmacist. On the following days 35 Jews were exterminated in Durbe, Priekule and Asīte. On June 29 the Nazi invaders started forming the first Latvian SD auxiliary unit in Jelgava. Mārtiņš Vagulāns, member of the Pērkonkrusts organisation, was chosen to head it. In the summer of 1941, 300 men in the unit took part in the murder of about 2000 Jews in Jelgava and other places in Zemgale. The killing was supervised by the officers of the German SD Rudolf Batz and Alfred Becu, who involved the SS people of the Einsatzgruppe in the action. The main Jelgava Synagogue was burnt down through their joint effort. After the invasion of Riga, Walter Stahlecker, assisted by the members of Pērkonkrusts and other local collaborationists, organised the pogrom of Jews in the capital of Latvia. Viktors Arājs, aged 31 at the time, a possible former member of Pērkonkrusts and a member of a student fraternity, was appointed direct executor of the action. He was an idle eternal student who was supported by his wife, a rich shop owner, who was ten years older than he was. Arājs had worked in the Latvian Police for a certain period of time. He stood out with his power-hungry and extreme thinking. The man was well fed, well dressed, and "with his student's hat proudly cocked on one ear". Arajs Kommando formed On 2 July Viktors Arājs started to form his armed unit of men who were responding to the appeal of Pērkonkrusts to take arms and to clear Latvia of Jews and communists. In the beginning, the unit mainly included members of different student fraternities. In 1941 altogether about 300 men had applied. The closest assistants of Viktors Arājs included Konstantīns Kaķis, Alfrēds Dikmanis, Boris Kinsler and Herberts Cukurs. On the night of July 3, Arājs Kommando started arresting, beating and robbing the Riga Jews. On 4 July, the choral synagogue at Gogoļa Street was burnt, and thereafter, the synagogues at Maskavas and Stabu Streets. Many Jews were killed during those days, including the refugees from Lithuania. In carts and blue buses, the men of Arajs Kommando went to different places in Courland, Zemgale and Vidzeme, killing thousands of Jews there. These killings were supposed to serve as an example to other anti-Semitic supporters of the Nazi invaders. Individual Latvian Selbstschutz units were also involved in the mass murder of Jews. In the district of Ilūkste, for instance, Jews were killed by the Selbstschutz death unit of commander Oskars Baltmanis, which consisted of 20 cold-blooded murderers. All killings were supervised by the officers of the German SS and SD. In July 1941, the mass killing of Riga Jews took place in the Biķernieku Forest. About 4,000 people died there. The executions were headed by Sturmbannführers (majors) H. Barth, R. Batz, and the newly appointed chief of the Riga SD Rudolf Lange. Massacres As stated by the Latvian historian Andrievs Ezergailis, this was the beginning of "the greatest criminal act in the history of Latvia". From July 1941 the Jews of Latvia were also humiliated in different ways and deprived of the rights that were enjoyed by the other citizens of Latvia. Jews were strictly forbidden to leave their homes in the evening, at night and in the morning. They were allotted lower food rations, they could only shop in some special stores, and they had to wear the mark of recognition – the yellow Star of David on their clothes. It was forbidden for them to attend places where public events took place, including cinemas, athletic fields and parks. They were not allowed to use trains and trams, to go to bath-houses, use pavements, attend libraries and museums or to go to schools, and they had to hand over bicycles and radios. Jewish doctors were only allowed to advise and treat Jews, and they were forbidden to run pharmacies. Maximum norms for furniture, clothes and linen were also soon introduced for Jews. All articles above the norm were subject to confiscation for the needs of the Reich. All jewelry, securities, gold and silver coins had to be surrendered on demand. Anti-Semitism thus became the source of enrichment of Nazi officials and their local collaborators who confiscated Jewish property. The extermination of Jews suited them since nobody would remain alive to demand the return of stolen items. Liepāja In Liepāja the first mass killing of Jews took place on July 3 and 4, when about 400 people were shot dead, and on July 8 when 300 Jews were killed. The German group of SD and policemen did the shooting, while the members of Latvian Selbstschutz convoyed victims to the killing site. On July 13, the destroying of the sizeable choral synagogue of Liepāja began. The Scripture rolls were spread on the Ugunsdzēsēju Square, and the Jews were forced to march across their sacred things, with watchers merrily laughing at the amusing scene. The above operations took place under the direct leadership of Erhard Grauel, commander of the Einsatzgruppe's Sonderkommando. Ventspils After that, Grauel went to Ventspils. The killings were jointly carried out by German Ordnungspolizei and the men of the local Selbstschutz. On July 16-July 18, 300 people were shot dead in the Kaziņu Forest. In July–August, the remaining 700 Jews from town were shot dead, while the Jews of the region were killed in the autumn. The shooting was carried out by German, Latvian and Estonian SD men who had arrived by ship. Soon a poster appeared on the Kuldīga-Ventspils highway, which said that Ventspils was Judenfrei (free of Jews). Daugavpils In Daugavpils the murder of Jews was initially commanded by Erich Ehrlinger, chief of Einsatzkommando 1b. By July 11 they had killed about 1,150 people. Ehrlinger's work was continued by Joachim Hamann, who was liable for the killing of 9012 Jews in the city and in southern Latgale. The chief of the local auxiliary police Roberts Blūzmanis had rendered active assistance by ensuring the moving of the Jews to the Grīva ghetto and transporting them to the killing places. Rēzekne In Rēzekne killings were carried out by a German SD group, which was helped by Selbstschutz men and Arajs Kommando. About 2,500 people were murdered. By October 1941, altogether about 35,000 Latvian Jews were killed. There are two known instances of people rescuing Jews in Rēzekne – Old Believer Ulita Varushkyna who at the plea of his parents took in their two-year-old son Mordechai Tager that she later adopted, and the Polish Matusevich family that hid Haim Israelit and his nephew Yakov for three years. Both Varushkyna and the Matusevich family have been awarded the title Righteous Among the Nations for their actions. Varakļāni Varakļāni, a relatively small town, had about 540 remaining Jews when the Germans gained control. They were shot into graves they were forced to dig on August 4, 1941. The fate of this small town is similar to many other towns, documented by JewishGen and others. Jungfernhof concentration camp Confinement Riga Ghetto On July 27, 1941, State Commissar (Reichskommissar) Hinrich Lohse (earlier Gauleiter of Schleswig-Holstein), ruler of the Baltic lands and Belarus or Ostland as the territory was called by the invaders – made his guidelines on Jewish question public. Jews, in his opinion, had to be used as a cheap labour force by paying them minimum wages or by providing them with a minimum food ration – with whatever may be left over after supplying the indigenous Aryan population. In order to govern the Jews they had to be moved to special areas where ghettos would be arranged and they would be forbidden to leave the area. Walter Stahlecker protested against the idea of Hinrich Lohse and demanded that the extermination of the Jews be continued. Berlin, however, passed the power to the civil administration of occupation force and it did things its own way. The area of the Latgale suburbs in Riga was chosen for the Riga Ghetto. It was mainly inhabited by poor people: Jews, Russians and Belarusians. The ghetto bordered on Maskavas, Vitebskas, Ebreju (Jewish), Līksnas, Lauvas, Lazdonas, Lielā Kalnu, Katoļu, Jēkabpils and Lāčplēša Streets. About 7,000 non-Jews were moved from there to other flats in Riga. More than 23,000 Riga Jews were ordered to move to the territory of the ghetto. There now were more than 29,000 inmates in the ghetto, including those who had already previously resided there. The Jewish Council was formed within the ghetto, which was assigned the task of regulating social life. The Jewish police force for the maintenance of order formed there. It consisted of 80 men armed with sticks and rubber truncheons. The ghetto was enclosed by a barbed-wire fence. Wooden barriers (logs) were placed on the main streets at the entrance, and the Latvian police were stationed as guards there. Jews were allowed to leave the ghetto only in work columns and in the accompaniment of guards. Individual Jewish specialists could come and go by displaying a special yellow ID. Leaving independently was severely punished. In the ghetto, the Jews were very crowded: 3-4 square metres were allotted per person. There was also high poverty, as food rations were given only to those who worked, i.e. to about half of the ghetto inmates. They had to maintain their 5,652 children and 8,300 elderly and disabled people. The ghetto only had 16 groceries, a pharmacy and a laundry, and a hospital was arranged, which was headed by Professor Vladimir Mintz, a surgeon. The Council of the ghetto was situated in the former Jewish school building at 141 Lāčplēša Street. The historian Marģers Vestermanis writes: "The members of the Jewish Council, including the lawyers D. Elyashev, M. Mintz and Iliya Yevelson, and their volunteer assistants did all they could to somehow relieve general suffering." Jewish policemen, too, tried to somehow protect their fellowmen. The inmates strived to preserve themselves, and there was even an illusion of survival. A resistance group was formed that bought weapons. Daugavpils ghetto The Daugavpils Ghetto was set up in Grīva at the end of July, 1941, when all surviving Jews in the city were moved there. Jews from other towns and villages of Latgale and even Vidzeme were also brought there. Altogether the ghetto had about 15,000 prisoners. The engineer Misha Movshenson ran the Council of the ghetto. His father had headed the city of Daugavpils in 1918 during the previous period of German occupation. Gypsy Holocaust in Latvia Less is known about the Holocaust of the Romani people (called "Gypsy" in English and Ziguener in German) than for other groups. Most of the available information about the persecution of the Gypsies in Nazi-occupied eastern Europe comes from Latvia. According to Latvia's 1935 census, 3,839 Gypsies lived in the country, the largest population of any of the Baltic States. Many of them did not travel about the country, but lived settled, or "sedentary" lives. On December 4, 1941, Hinrich Lohse issued a decree which stated: Although Lohse's name was on the order, it was actually issued at the behest of Bruno Jedicke, the Ordnungspolizei chief in the Baltic States. Jedicke in turn was subordinate to Friedrich Jeckeln, the senior SS man in the Baltic States and Belarus. Gypsies were also forbidden to live along the coast. Historian Lewy believes this restriction may have occasioned the first large killing of Gypsies in Latvia. On December 5, 1941, the Latvian police in Liepāja arrested 103 Gypsies (24 men, 31 women, and 48 children). Of these people, the Latvian police turned over 100 to the custody of the German police chief Fritz Dietrich "for follow up" (zu weiteren Veranlassung), a Nazi euphemism for murder. On December 5, 1941, all 100 were all killed near Frauenburg. On January 12, 1942, Jedicke distributed Lohse's order of December 4, 1941, ordering his subordinates that in all cases, they were to make sure to implement the necessary "follow up." By May 18, 1942, the German police and SS commander in Liepāja indicated in a log that over a previous unspecified period, 174 Gypsies had been killed by shooting. The German policy on Gypsies varied. In general, it seemed that wandering or "itinerate" Gypsies (vagabundierende Zigeuner) were targeted, as opposed to the non-wandering, or "sedentary" population. Thus, on May 21, 1942, the SS commander in Liepāja police and SS commander recorded the execution of 16 itinerate Gypsies from the Hasenputh district. The documentation, however, does not always distinguish between different Gypsy groups, thus on April 24, 1942, EK A reported having killed 1,272 people, including 71 Gypsies, with no further description. In addition, the Nazi policy shifted back and forth as to how the Gypsies were to be treated, and the treatment of any particular group of Gypsies did not necessarily reflect what might appear to have been the official policy of the moment. Like the Jews, the killing of the Gypsies proceeded through Latvia's smaller towns, and with the aid of Latvians. The Arajs Kommando was reported to have killed many Gypsies between July and September 1941. In April 1942, 50 Gypsies, mostly women and small children, were assembled at the jail in Valmiera, then taken out and shot. Other massacres were reported at Bauska and Tukums. It is not known how many of Latvia's Romani people were killed by the Nazis and their Latvian collaborators. Professor Ezergailis estimated that one-half of the Gypsy population was killed, but there will probably never be a more definite number. Justice Some of the Rumbula murderers were captured after the fact. Hinrich Lohse was a member of a Nazi class that "was to receive surprisingly light treatment" at the Nuremberg trials. In Lohse's case, apparently because the British authorities believed him to have been innocent of the Nazi crimes in the Baltic states, he was handed over to a West German "denazification" court. Sentenced to the maximum of 10 years, Lohse was released early in 1951 "on the familiar grounds of ill health."[Died 1964] Viktors Arājs was charged in a British court with war crimes, but was released in 1948, and afterwards hid out in West Germany for many years; although he was still a wanted war criminal, he found work as a driver for a British military unit in the western occupation zone.<ref name = Bloxham_01>Bloxham, Genocide on Trial, at pages 197-199</ref> Eventually Arājs was caught, and, in 1979, tried and convicted of murder in a West German court.Schneider, Unfinished RoadDied 1988 Friedrich Jahnke, a Nazi policeman who had been instrumental in setting up the Riga Ghetto and organizing the march out to the pits, was likewise apprehended and tried in West Germany in the 1970s. Herberts Cukurs escaped to South America, where he was later murdered. It is said that he was assassinated by Mossad agents, who attracted him from Brazil to Uruguay under a fake intention of starting an aviation business, after it was found out that he would not stand trial for his alleged participation in the Holocaust. Eduard Strauch, SS Lieutenant Colonel, commanded a subunit of the Rumbula killers called "Einsatzkommando 2.". Despite an effort to sham mental illness, he was convicted by the Nuremberg Military Tribunal in the Einsatzgruppen trial for having a key role in the Rumbula and a number of other mass murders in Eastern Europe. On April 9, 1948, Presiding judge Michael Musmanno pronounced the tribunal's sentence on Strauch: "Defendant EDUARD STRAUCH, on the counts of the indictment on which you have been convicted, the Tribunal sentences you to death by hanging." Unlike his co-defendants Otto Ohlendorf and Paul Blobel, Strauch did not hang. Instead, he was handed over to authorities in Belgium, where he had committed other crimes, for trial. He died in Belgian custody on September 11, 1955. Friedrich Jeckeln came into Soviet custody after the war. He was interrogated, tried, convicted and hanged in Riga on February 3, 1946. Against popular misconception, the execution did not happen in the territory of the former Riga ghetto, but in Victory Square (Uzvaras laukums). Fritz Dietrich (Nazi) was tried in the Dachau Trials and hanged in 1948 for killing POWS Historiography and memorials Soviet period During the Second World War, the Soviet Union again occupied Latvia, this time from 1944 to 1991. It did not suit Soviet purposes to memorialize the Rumbula site or to acknowledge that the victims were Jewish. Until 1960 nothing was done to preserve or memorialize the killing grounds. In 1961 young Jews from Riga searched for the site and found charred bones and other evidence of the murders. In 1962 the Soviets staged an officially sanctioned memorial service at Bikernieki (another murder site) which made no mention of the Jews but spoke only of "Nazi victims". In 1963 groups of young Jews from Riga came out to Rumbula weekly and cleaned up and restored the site using shovels, wheelbarrows and other hand tools. The site has been marked by a series of makeshift memorials over the years. Throughout the Soviet domination of Latvia the Soviets refused to allow any memorial which would specifically identify the victims as Jews. The Soviet Union suppressed research into and memorials of the Holocaust in Latvia until 1991, when Soviet rule over Latvia ended. In one case a memorial at Rumbula of which the authorities did not approve was simply hauled away in the middle of the night, with no explanation given. Occasional references were made to the Holocaust in literature during the Soviet era. A folkloric figure called "žīdu šāvējs" (Jew shooter) turned up in stories on occasion. The poet Ojārs Vācietis often referred to the Holocaust in his work, including in particular his well-regarded poem "Rumbula", written in the early 1960s. One notable survivor of the Latvian Holocaust was Michael Genchik, who escaped from Latvia and joined the Red Army, where he served for 30 years. His family was killed at Rumbula. Many years later he recalled: In later years the officials held memorial services every year in November or December. There were speeches reminding of the atrocities of the Nazis. But saying kaddish was forbidden. Once after the official part of the meeting, Jews tried to say Kaddish and tell a little about the ghetto, but the police didn't permit to do so. Until 1972, when I retired from the army, I did my best to keep the place neat. Independent Latvia In Latvia, Holocaust scholarship could only be resumed once Soviet rule had ended. Much of the post-1991 work was devoted to identification of the victims. This was complicated by the passage of time and the loss of some records and the concealment of others by the NKVD and its successor agencies of the Soviet secret police. On November 29, 2002, sixty-one years after the murders, the highest officials of the Republic of Latvia, together with representatives of the Latvian Jewish community, foreign ambassadors, and others attended a memorial dedication at the Rumbula massacre site. The President and the Prime Minister of the Republic walked to the forest from where the Riga ghetto had been. Once they arrived, President Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga addressed the gathering: See also Segodnya (Riga) Sonderaktion 1005 Konrāds Kalējs The Holocaust in Lithuania The Holocaust in Estonia Notes References Historiographical Anders, Edward, and Dubrovskis, Juris, "Who Died in the Holocaust? Recovering Names from Official Records", Holocaust and Genocide Studies 17.1 (2003) 114-138 Angrick, Andrej, and Klein, Peter, Die "Endlösung" in Riga., (English: The Final Solution in Riga), Darmstadt 2006, Bloxham, Donald, Genocide on Trial; war crimes trials and the formation of Holocaust History and Memory, Oxford University Press, New York NY 2001 Browning, Christopher, and Matthäus, Jürgen, The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939 – March 1942, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE 2004 Dribins, Leo, Gūtmanis, Armands, and Vestermanis, Marģers, "Latvia's Jewish Community: History, Trajedy, Revival", Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Latvia Edelheit, Abraham J. and Edelheit, Hershel, History of the Holocaust : A Handbook and Dictionary, Westview Press, Boulder, CO 1994 Eksteins, Modris, Walking Since Daybreak: A story of Eastern Europe, World War II, and the Heart of our Century, Houghton Mifflin, Boston 1999 Ezergailis, Andrew, The Holocaust in Latvia 1941-1944—The Missing Center, Historical Institute of Latvia (in association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum) Riga 1996 Ezergailis, Andrew, "Latvia", in The World Reacts to the Holocaust, Wyman, David S., and Rosenzveig, Charles H., Eds., at pages 354-388, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 1996 Fleming, Gerald, Hitler and the Final Solution, Berkeley : University of California Press, Berkeley,1994 Friedländer, Saul, The years of extermination : Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939-1945, New York, NY 2007 Hancock, Ian, "Genocide of the Roma in the Holocaust", Excerpted from Charny, Israel, W., Encyclopedia of Genocide (1997) Hilberg, Raul, The Destruction of the European Jews (3d Ed.) Yale University Press, New Haven, CT 2003. Kaufmann, Max, Die Vernichtung des Judens Lettlands (The Destruction of the Jews of Latvia), Munich, 1947, English translation by Laimdota Mazzarins available on-line as Churbn Lettland -- The Destruction of the Jews of Latvia (all references in this article are to page numbers in the on-line edition) Klee, Ernst, Dressen, Willi, and Riess, Volker, eds., The Good Old Days: The Holocaust as seen by its Perpetrators and Bystanders, (English translation) MacMillan Free Press, NY 1991 Latvia Institute, The Holocaust in German-Occupied Latvia Lewy, Guenter, The Nazi Persecution of the Gypsies, Oxford University Press 2000 Lumans, Valdis O., Latvia in World War II, New York : Fordham University Press, 2006 Michelson, Frida, I Survived Rumbuli, Holocaust Library, New York, NY 1979 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia, Holocaust Remembrance - Rumbula Memorial Site Unveiled, December 2002 Niewyk, Donald L., and Nicosia, Francis R., The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, New York : Columbia University Press, 2003 Reitlinger, Gerald, The SS—Alibi of a Nation, at 186, 282, Viking Press, New York, 1957 (Da Capo reprint 1989) Roseman, Mark, The Wannsee Conference and the Final Solution—A Reassessment, Holt, New York, 2002 Rubenstein, Richard L., and Roth, John K., Approaches to Auschwitz, page 179, Louisville, Ky. : Westminster John Knox Press, 2003. Scheffler, Wolfgang, "Zur Geschichte der Deportation jüdischer Bürger nach Riga 1941/1942", Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge e.V. – 23.05.2000 Schneider, Gertrude, ed., The Unfinished Road: Jewish Survivors of Latvia Look Back, Praeger Publishers (1991) Smith, Lyn, Remembering: Voices of the Holocaust, Carroll & Graf, New York 2005 Winter, Alfred, "Rumbula Viewed From The Riga Ghetto" from The Ghetto of Riga and Continuance - A Survivor's Memoir 1998 War crimes trials and evidence Bräutigam, Otto, Memorandum dated 18 Dec. 1941, "Jewish Question re correspondence of 15 Nov. 1941" translated and reprinted in Office of the United States Chief of Counsel For Prosecution of Axis Criminality, OCCPAC: Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression, Exhibit 3666-PS, Volume VII, pages 978-995, USGPO, Washington DC 1946 ("Red Series") Jeckeln, Friedrich, excerpts from minutes of interrogation, 14 December 1945 (Maj. Zwetajew, interrogator, Sgt. Suur, interpreter), pages 8–13, from the Historical State Archives, as reprinted in Fleming, Hitler and the Final Solution, at pages 95–100 (Portions of the Jeckeln interrogation are also available online at the Nizkor website). Stahlecker, Franz W., "Comprehensive Report of Einsatzgruppe A Operations up to 15 October 1941", Exhibit L-180, translated in part and reprinted in Office of the United States Chief of Counsel For Prosecution of Axis Criminality, OCCPAC: Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression, Volume VII, pages 978–995, USGPO, Washington DC 1946 ("Red Series") Trials of War Criminals before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10, Nuernberg, October 1946 - April 1949, Volume IV, ("Green Series) (the "Einsatzgruppen case") also available at Mazel library (well indexed HTML version) External links The Death of the Jewish Community of Kraslava Holocaust in the Baltics, a site by Professor Dovid Katz of the Vilnius Yiddish Institute at Vilnius University Propagandistic German video showing the entrance of the Wehrmacht in Riga. Mārtiņš Ķibilds (27 July 2018). The Jews of Valdemārpils – killed and then forgotten. Public Broadcasting of Latvia. Latvia Latvia Military history of Latvia during World War II Latvia Eastern Front (World War II) Generalbezirk Lettland
69797254	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meet%20Me%20in%20the%20Bathroom	Meet Me in the Bathroom	Meet Me in the Bathroom may refer to: "Meet Me in the Bathroom", a song by The Strokes from their 2003 album Room on Fire Meet Me in the Bathroom (book), by Lizzy Goodman, 2017
57590506	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317%20ISU%20World%20Standings	2016–17 ISU World Standings	The 2016–17 ISU World Standings and Season's World Ranking, are the World Standings and Season's World Ranking published by the International Skating Union (ISU) during the 2016–17 season. The 2016–17 ISU World Standings for single & pair skating and ice dance, are taking into account results of the 2014–15, 2015–16 and 2016–17 seasons. The 2016–17 ISU World standings for synchronized skating, are based on the results of the 2014–15, 2015–16 and 2016–17 seasons. World Standings for single & pair skating and ice dance Season-end standings The remainder of this section is a complete list, by discipline, published by the ISU. Men's singles (209 skaters) Ladies' singles (244 skaters) Pairs (101 couples) Ice dance (133 couples) World standings for synchronized skating Season-end standings The remainder of this section is a complete list, by level, published by the ISU. Senior Synchronized (53 teams) Junior Synchronized (66 teams) See also 2016–17 ISU Season's World Ranking ISU World Standings and Season's World Ranking List of highest ranked figure skaters by nation List of ISU World Standings and Season's World Ranking statistics 2016–17 figure skating season 2016–17 synchronized skating season References External links International Skating Union ISU World standings for Single & Pair Skating and Ice Dance / ISU Season's World Ranking ISU World standings for Synchronized Skating 2016–17 Standings and Ranking Standings and Ranking
50961354	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Ferrier	Harry Ferrier	Henry Ferrier (20 May 1920 – 16 October 2002) was a Scottish professional footballer and manager who made over 240 appearances in the Football League for Portsmouth as a left back. He later managed Gloucester City and Chelmsford City in non-League football. Personal life Ferrier was a Heart of Midlothian supporter. He was married with three children and served in the Royal Artillery during the Second World War. After leaving football, he worked in the commercial department for Essex County Cricket Club and as a crane driver. Career statistics Honours As a player Portsmouth Football League First Division (2): 1948–49, 1949–50 FA Charity Shield (1): 1949 (Shared) As a manager Chelmsford City Southern League Premier Division (1): 1967–68 Southern League Cup (1): 1959–60 Eastern Floodlight Cup (1): 1966–67 References English Football League players Brentford F.C. wartime guest players Scottish footballers 1920 births 2002 deaths Association football fullbacks Footballers from Edinburgh Portsmouth F.C. players Gloucester City A.F.C. players Gloucester City A.F.C. managers Chelmsford City F.C. managers Southern Football League players Southern Football League managers Watford F.C. wartime guest players Scottish football managers Tottenham Hotspur F.C. wartime guest players Royal Artillery personnel British Army personnel of World War II Reading F.C. wartime guest players Portsmouth F.C. wartime guest players West Ham United F.C. wartime guest players Barnsley F.C. wartime guest players Millwall F.C. wartime guest players
34227360	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re-Bonaventure%2C%20Quebec	Rivière-Bonaventure, Quebec	Rivière-Bonaventure is an unorganized territory in the Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine region of Quebec, Canada. It is named after the long Bonaventure River that bisects the territory from north to south. Demographics Population Private dwellings occupied by usual residents: 16 (total dwellings: 47) See also List of unorganized territories in Quebec References Unorganized territories in Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine
54768780	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulaiman%20Juma%20Al-Habsi	Sulaiman Juma Al-Habsi	Sulaiman Juma Al-Habsi (born 1 February 1970) is an Omani sprinter. He competed in the men's 400 metres at the 1988 Summer Olympics. References External links 1970 births Living people Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics Omani male sprinters Olympic athletes of Oman Place of birth missing (living people)
41018204	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di%20Gi%E1%BA%A5u%20M%E1%BA%B7t	Người Giấu Mặt	Người giấu mặt () is a Vietnamese version of the Big Brother reality television show based on the Dutch television series of the same name originally created in 1997 by John de Mol's company Endemol. The show is based on a group of strangers, known as Housemates, living together twenty-four hours a day in the "Big Brother" house, isolated from the outside world but under constant surveillance with no privacy for five months more. The show was launched on VTV6's primetime block from November 12, 2013 and concluded on January 14, 2014. Twelve strangers originally have the first meeting, and later one more housemate was introduced after ones leaving. After nearly 11 years rekindled the idea of bringing Big Brother to Vietnam, VTV6 and coordinate production BHD, Vietnamese version called Người giấu mặt. The first live show officially aired on VTV6 at 19:55 on Tuesday, November 12. With a prize for the winner is 2 billion. At this point, there is no reality TV program in Vietnam does have large metal awards show as Người giấu mặt. Also according to the manufacturer's representatives BHD, this program also holds the first place on the level of cost and complexity than mass reality TV show world's most famous BHD has taken other show. The production crew of up to 150 people at 12 international experts. More than 40 cameras, camera equipment from automatic robot hand to be requisitioned. There are no plans for future seasons due to the government's new policy for television. In 2016, the 7th Season of Pinoy Big Brother used this house and was redecorated especially for that season. Housemates Nominations table : Thảo and Trang received an extra vote due to rule breaking. : Bửu won a challenge in the weekly task and had one positive point to add to his total. : This week, housemates nominated 3 other housemates instead of 2. Nominations total received References External links List of broadcasts of Vietnam Television (VTV) https://web.archive.org/web/20131109064538/http://www.bigbrothervietnam2013.com/ https://web.archive.org/web/20131109014558/http://www.nguoigiaumat.vtv.vn/ Vietnamese television series Vietnam Television original programming 2010s Vietnamese television series 2013 Vietnamese television series debuts
4583635	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20Snoring	Great Snoring	Great Snoring is a rural village in North Norfolk by the River Stiffkey, in the east of England. It is situated approximately north-west from the city and county town of Norwich, and north from the larger village of Little Snoring. At the centre of the village are the listed buildings of St Mary's Church and the Old Rectory. The village main street comprises houses of brick and flint. The nearest inn and shop is in Little Snoring. Village population in the 2001 Census was 168, reducing to 143 at the 2011 Census. History The 1086 Domesday Book calls the village by the Saxon name Snaringa/Snarringes, named after an inhabitant called Snear. The book includes mention of a water mill, which now features on the village sign. Historically the name Snoring Magna was used, "magna" being Latin for "greater". In 1611 Sir Ralph Shelton, lord of the manor, sold Great Snoring to Lord Chief Justice Richardson. Sir Ralph is reported to have said "I can sleep without Snoring". John Pearson (1612–86), the English divine and scholar, was born in Great Snoring on 28 February 1612. Francis White's 1854 History, Gazetteer and Directory of Norfolk describes the village as having as 99 houses, with a total population of 656, and with John Dugmore, Esq as lord of the manor. The church, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, is described as having a "fine tower" (formerly a spire), containing curious old brasses of the Shelton family. White notes the rectory house, built by the Shelton family, as a "fine specimen of ornamental brick work", valued at £24 and occupied by the Revd D. H. Lee Warner. The Walsingham Union House, a workhouse, contained 164 staff and occupants. Walsingham Union workhouse On 12 April 1836 the Walsingham Poor Law Union was formed, and a new Walsingham Union workhouse was built at Great Snoring in the same year to accommodate up to 250 inmates. The architect was William Thorold, and he based it on Sampson Kempthorne's model cruciform plan published by the Poor Law Commissioners in 1835. Four accommodation wings were joined to a central supervisory area, allowing segregation of different categories of inmate. Areas between the wings were used as exercise space. Workshops and service buildings around the edge gave the overall site an octagonal shape. To the east of the site a chapel was built. After the closure of the workhouse, the buildings had various uses: as a smallpox hospital in the 1930s; by the Civil Defence in the 1950s; and most recently, plans to convert the building into 35 flats were approved in 1961. But no conversion was carried out and the buildings have now been demolished. In 2014 The Workhouse, now more correctly known as Thursford Castle (sic), was sold to a property developer who has again offered it for sale complete with Planning Consent for a domestic residence. Landmarks Great Snoring Church of England parish church is dedicated to Saint Mary the Virgin. Its exterior is of chiefly Perpendicular style although with earlier elements, with interior fixtures and detailing from the 12th to the 18th centuries. The church was Grade 1 listed in 1959. Adjacent to the churchyard is the two-storey brick and terracotta Old Rectory. Built in the late 15th or early 16th century as a manor house for the Shelton family, it was extended between the 17th and 19th centuries. The house was Grade II* listed in 1951. John Betjeman in his 1974 documentary for the BBC, A Passion for Churches, describes the house: "the rectory house is a Tudor palace, with moulded autumn-colour brick and elaborate chimney stacks" Great Snoring war memorial lists 22 men who died in the First World War. Population The 2001 Census shows 168 people in 81 households (35 owner-occupied, 46 rented). 24 of these households were classified as "second residence / holiday accommodation". Population has decreased since 1841 when it was 556 (this included 81 people in the Walsingham Union Workhouse). References External links Great Snoring Parish Council website "Great Snoring St Mary The Virgin Church", The Snoring Villages - Little & Great Snoring in Norfolk, England Villages in Norfolk Civil parishes in Norfolk North Norfolk
9476200	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20and%20Catherine%20Birnie	David and Catherine Birnie	David John Birnie (16 February 1951 – 7 October 2005) and Catherine Margaret Birnie (née Harrison) (born 23 May 1951) were an Australian couple from Perth, Western Australia, who murdered four women at their home in 1986, and attempted to murder a fifth. These crimes were referred to in the press as the Moorhouse murders, after the Birnies' address at 3 Moorhouse Street in Willagee, a suburb of Perth. David John Birnie David John Birnie was the oldest of five children and grew up in the semi-rural suburb of Wattle Grove, Western Australia. School friends and parishioners from the Wattle Grove Baptist Church of the period remember the family as having been dysfunctional. Rumours abounded about the family's promiscuity and alcoholism, and that they engaged in incest. When Birnie's parents asked the local priest to conduct their wedding ceremony, he expressed concerns about them as individuals and as a potential couple, broadly stating that he felt theirs was a union that could never lead to any good; an unusual and seemingly unsuited pairing, Birnie's father was a man of very small stature and unattractive appearance, while his mother was known for her coarse manner, use of profanities and bad behaviour, often exchanging sexual favours with taxi drivers as payment for fares. Birnie's school friends also commented that his home was unkempt and that his family never had regular meals together. His parents did not cook meals for the children. In the early 1960s, Birnie's parents decided to move the family to another Perth suburb, where David met Catherine Harrison through mutual friends. At 15, David left school to become an apprentice jockey for Eric Parnham at the nearby Ascot Racecourse. During his time there, he physically harmed the horses and developed a habit of exhibitionism. One night, David broke into the room of an elderly lady where he was boarding. He was naked with stockings over his head and attempted to commit his first rape. By the time he was an adolescent, he was convicted of several crimes and was in and out of prison for misdemeanors and felonies. As an adult, he became a sex and pornography addict, and paraphiliac. He married his first wife during his early 20s and the couple had a daughter, Tanya. Tanya was 10 years old at the time of his arrest. She has never married and had no children, stating "I don't wanna spawn another David Birnie". Her surname is unknown to the media. In late 1986, David Birnie was employed at a local car wrecker's shop. For more than a year, David and Catherine had been practicing how to make their sexual fantasies of rape and murder come true, while he was weeks away from committing his first murder. Catherine Margaret Birnie Catherine Margaret Birnie (née Harrison) was born on 23 May 1951. She was two years old when her mother, Doreen, died giving birth to her brother, who died two days later. Unable to raise her, her father Harold sent Catherine away to live with her maternal grandparents. When she was ten, a custody dispute resulted in Harold regaining sole custody of Catherine. At the age of 12, she met David Birnie, and by the age of 14, she was in a relationship with him. Harold begged Catherine on several occasions to leave David, due to the fact that she was often getting in trouble with the local police. But his disapproval of their relationship only strengthened their union. Her time in prison throughout her adolescent years offered Catherine a chance to break away from David. Encouraged by a parole officer, Catherine began working for the McLaughlin family as a housekeeper. She married Donald McLaughlin on her 21st birthday. She and McLaughlin had seven children; their firstborn, a son, was struck and killed by a car in infancy. In 1985, she left her husband and six children and went to live with David. The couple was never legally married, but Catherine changed her surname by deed poll to Birnie. Crimes Over a period of five weeks, the Birnies abducted five women, aged between 15 and 31. All of the victims, except for one, were raped and murdered. The sole exception was their final victim, who escaped the day after her abduction and led police to the Birnie house, thus ending their crime spree. Victims Mary Neilson 22-year-old Mary Neilson was studying psychology at the University of Western Australia and working part-time in a delicatessen when she met David Birnie at the spare parts yard where he worked. David offered to sell her cheap tyres for her car, and subsequently gave her his phone number. On 6 October 1986, she went to the Birnies' house. She was gagged, chained to the bed and raped by David while Catherine observed. She was taken to Gleneagle, Western Australia, near Albany Highway in Bedfordale where she was raped again and strangled with a nylon cord. He then stabbed her thinking that it would speed up the decomposition as he "read that in a book somewhere", and they buried her in a shallow grave. She would have received her degree for psychology from the university one year after her murder. Susannah Candy Two weeks after the murder of Mary Neilson, they abducted 16-year-old Susannah Candy as she hitchhiked along Stirling Highway in Claremont, Australia. She was an outstanding student at Hollywood Senior High School, and lived at home with her parents and siblings in Nedlands, Australia. Her father is one of the top ophthalmic surgeons in Western Australia. After she went missing, the Birnies forced her to send letters to her family to assure them that she was all right. But the family feared for her life. The Birnies had been cruising for hours looking for a victim when they spotted Candy. Once she entered the car she was held at knifepoint while her hands were tied together. She was taken back to the Willagee house where she was gagged, chained to the bed and raped. After Birnie had finished raping the girl, Catherine Birnie got into the bed with them. She now knew that this turned David on. When they had both assaulted her, Birnie tried to strangle the girl with the nylon cord, but she became hysterical. The Birnies forced sleeping pills down her throat to calm her down. Once Candy was asleep, David put the cord around her neck and told Catherine to prove her undying love for him by murdering the girl. Catherine complied with the demand and killed Candy while David watched. When asked later why she did it, Catherine said: "Because I wanted to see how strong I was within my inner self. I didn't feel a thing. It was like I expected. I was prepared to follow him to the end of the earth and do anything to see that his desires were satisfied. She was a female. Females hurt and destroy males." They buried Candy near the grave of Mary Neilson in the State Forest. Noelene Patterson On November 1st, they saw 31-year-old Noelene Patterson standing beside her car on the Canning Highway; she had run out of fuel while on her way home from her job as bar manager at the Nedlands Golf Club. Once inside the car, she had a knife held to her throat, was tied up, and told not to move. She was taken back to Moorhouse Street where David repeatedly raped her after she was gagged and chained to the bed. The Birnies originally decided to murder her that same night, but David kept her prisoner in the house for three days and there were signs that he had developed an emotional attachment to Patterson. Catherine quickly became jealous and made an ultimatum: David would have to kill Patterson or Catherine would kill herself. He immediately forced an overdose of sleeping pills down Patterson's throat and strangled her while she slept. They took her body to the forest but buried it away from the others. Catherine reportedly got great pleasure from throwing sand on Patterson's face. Denise Brown On 5 November, the Birnies abducted 21-year-old Denise Brown as she was waiting for a bus on Stirling Highway. She accepted a ride from them, and at knifepoint, was taken to the house in Willagee, chained to the bed and raped. The following afternoon she was taken to the Wanneroo pine plantation. In the seclusion of the forest, David Birnie raped Brown in the car while the couple waited for darkness. After they dragged Brown from the car, David Birnie raped her again and stabbed Brown in the neck. Convinced that the girl was dead, they dug a shallow grave and laid her body in it, but Brown sat up in the grave. David Birnie then grabbed an axe, struck her twice in the head, and buried her body in the grave. Kate Moir Seventeen-year-old Kate Moir was abducted at knifepoint after accepting a ride from the Birnies. Moir later stated that she asked them if they intended to kill or rape her, and was informed: "we'll only rape you if you're good". She was forced to dance for them, and slept in the couple's bed while handcuffed to David. Moir was their final abductee and the only victim to survive. After abducting her, David held a knife to her throat and forced her to ring her mother. Moir assured her mother that she had too much to drink and was staying at a friend's house, hoping her mother would realise it was a ruse, and call the friend, knowing she was not a drinker. She escaped the day after her capture. After David went to work, Catherine went to the door to carry out a drug deal, and forgot to chain Moir to the bed. She escaped by climbing through a closed window by breaking its lock; however, she hit her head on the concrete. After knocking on various neighbours' doors, she jumped a gate and was attacked by David’s dog. She managed to flee, and ran into a vacuum cleaner shop on 10 November 1986. She later described herself as "hysterical. I'm barefoot wearing my black leggings, a black singlet, no knickers...". She informed the shop owner that she had been raped. When the police arrived, she said she had been abducted at knifepoint by a couple who had taken her back to their house and raped her. The police were initially skeptical of her story, but 22-year-old Constable Laura Handcock believed her from the outset, due to the amount of detail she provided, including their address and telephone number. The Birnies had given themselves aliases, but Moir had read David's name on a medicine bottle. Moir stated they had watched the film Rocky on VHS, and described a drawing she had concealed in the house as proof of her presence. Subsequently, the police found her drawing in the home, as well as the VHS copy of Rocky in the Birnie's VCR. David and Catherine were arrested, and during their interviews, they gave conflicting information; Catherine denied ever meeting Moir, while David insisted Moir had come to their house voluntarily to engage in consensual sex. Detective Sergeant Vince Katich convinced David to confess, and reveal where they had buried the bodies so that they could be dug up before dark; David revealed there were four graves. Other possible victims There is speculation that the Birnies were responsible for the disappearance of Cheryl Renwick in May 1986, and Barbara Western in June 1986. It has been suggested that David was responsible for the disappearance of Lisa Marie Mott in 1980; however, his first wife accounted for his whereabouts on the day Mott disappeared. Trial and sentencing When sent to trial, David Birnie pleaded guilty to four counts of murder and one count each of abduction and rape. When asked why he had pleaded guilty, he gestured toward the victims' families and said, "It's the least I could do." He was sentenced to four terms of life imprisonment. After being found sane enough to stand trial, Catherine Birnie was also sentenced to four terms of life imprisonment by the Supreme Court of Western Australia; under law at the time, both were required to serve 20 years before being eligible for parole. Imprisonment Initially, David was held at the maximum-security Fremantle Prison, but he was soon moved to solitary confinement to keep him from coming to harm from other prisoners. Three of the original death row cells were converted for him and he stayed there until the prison was closed in 1991. The cell can occasionally be viewed on the True Crime Tour held daily at Fremantle Prison. While incarcerated, the Birnies exchanged more than 2,600 letters but were not allowed any other form of contact. David Birnie was found dead in his cell at Casuarina Prison on 7 October 2005 at 4:30am (WST). He was 54 years old. An inquest found that he had hanged himself from an air vent using a length of cord. Various factors led to his suicide; a failure to provide him with his anti-depressants had exacerbated his depression, his computer had been confiscated and he was suspected of sexually assaulting another prisoner. He was described by a former prison officer as a 'model prisoner' who looked after injured animals. Catherine was not allowed to attend his funeral. Catherine Birnie is imprisoned in Bandyup Women's Prison. Since being incarcerated she has worked as a prison librarian and appeared in a prison production of Nunsense. In 2007, her parole application was rejected and the then Attorney-General of Western Australia, Jim McGinty, said that her release was unlikely while he remained in office. Her case was to be reviewed again in January 2010; however, on 14 March 2009, new Western Australian Attorney-General Christian Porter, following requests from the victims' families, determined she would stay in jail for life. This decision makes her the third Australian woman (after Katherine Knight and Patricia Byers) to have her papers marked "never to be released". Her appeal of this decision was turned down in March 2010 by Porter. Her fourth bid for parole was declined in 2016. In 2016, the Birnies' final victim—who survived—began a campaign to end Western Australian laws that automatically put convicts up for parole every three years. Moir has stated Birnie has never even applied for parole. In 2017, Birnie‘s youngest son, Peter, called for her execution. He has stated that his association with Birnie has resulted in him being assaulted. He supports Moir's campaign. Media The case was included in Season 1, Episode 6 ("The Moorhouse Horrors") of Crime Investigation Australia, first aired 2005. The case formed an episode of Australian Families of Crime. Nine Network Australia (2010). The case was covered by Casefile True Crime Podcast on 27 August 2016. On 9 November 2017, the case was discussed by Georgia Hardstark in an episode of the podcast My Favorite Murder. The case was detailed on episode 75 of the True Crime All the Time podcast on 22 April 2018. The 2016 Australian film Hounds of Love is based on several true murders, but most closely resembles the Moorhouse Murders. Both Catherine and David Birnie were also featured on Deadly Women in the 8th episode from Season 3 called "Fatal Obsession." The case was covered by "Morbid: A True Crime Podcast" on May 8, 2021 as a part of a two episode series, titled "Episode 230: Catherine & David Birnie Part 1" and "Episode 231: Catherine & David Birnie Part 2" The case was also covered by The Serialholic podcast on July 3, 2019 titled "David & Catherine Birnie" https://anchor.fm/the-serialholic/episodes/David--Catherine-Birnie---The-Moorhouse-Murders-ekopgo See also List of serial killers by country References Bibliography External links 1951 births 2005 suicides 20th-century Australian criminals Criminal duos Australian murderers of children Australian people convicted of murder Australian prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment Australian people convicted of rape Australian serial killers Criminals from Western Australia Married couples People from Perth, Western Australia People convicted of murder by Western Australia People who committed suicide in prison custody Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Western Australia Prisoners who died in Western Australian detention Suicides by hanging in Australia Suicides in Western Australia
40102465	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20W.%20Brouse	Charles W. Brouse	Charles W. Brouse (December 30, 1839 – October 26, 1904) was an American soldier who received the Medal of Honor for valor during the American Civil War. Biography Brouse was commissioned as a Captain of Company K, 100th Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry on September 24, 1862, and was discharged due to disability on January 16, 1865. He received the Medal of Honor on May 16, 1899, for his actions at the Battle of Missionary Ridge, Tennessee, on November 25, 1863. Medal of Honor citation Citation: To encourage his men whom he had ordered to lie down while under severe fire, and who were partially protected by slight earthworks, himself refused to lie down, but walked along the top of the works until he fell severely wounded. See also List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: A-F References External links Military Times 1839 births 1904 deaths Union Army officers United States Army Medal of Honor recipients People of Indiana in the American Civil War American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
17364093	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon%20Bolland	Gordon Bolland	Gordon Edward Bolland (born 12 August 1943 in Boston, Lincolnshire) is an English retired footballer and manager. A striker, Bolland joined Londoners Chelsea as a teenager, and was a member of the sides which won the FA Youth Cup in 1960 and 1961, alongside the likes of Peter Bonetti, Ron Harris, Terry Venables and Bobby Tambling. Despite this, he only made two appearances for the first team and was released in March 1962, after which he signed for Leyton Orient. Bolland played for Orient during their only season in the English top flight, and scored 19 goals in 64 league games before joining Norwich City in 1964 for £31,500, where he scored 29 goals in 105 league matches. After a brief spell with Charlton Athletic, Bolland signed for Millwall for £10,000 in October 1968. Bolland proved to be a fast, skilful striker who could also drop into midfield to great effect. It was from this position that Bolland scored a spectacular goal against Bristol City on 16 October 1971 which won the Match Of The Day "Goal of the Month" award. In the 1972–73 season, Bolland scored 9 goals in seven consecutive league games. He remained with Millwall for seven years, scoring 62 goals in 244 games, and is an inductee of the club's Hall of Fame. He finished his career as player-manager of Boston United. Bolland has one great grandson called Alfie Fountain who hopes to follow in his footsteps. External links Gordon Bolland Millwall Hall Of Fame 1943 births Boston United F.C. players Boston United F.C. managers Charlton Athletic F.C. players Chelsea F.C. players English footballers English football managers Leyton Orient F.C. players Living people Millwall F.C. players Norwich City F.C. players People from Boston, Lincolnshire Association football forwards
24643883	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinebra	Dinebra	Dinebra is a genus of Asian, African, and Pacific Island plants in the grass family. Species Dinebra haareri (Stapf & C.E.Hubb.) P.M.Peterson & N.Snow - Kenya, Tanzania Dinebra marquisensis (F.Br.) P.M.Peterson & N.Snow - Marquesas Islands in French Polynesia Dinebra perrieri (A.Camus) Bosser - Madagascar Dinebra polycarpha S.M.Phillips - Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl) Panz. - Africa + Asia from South Africa to Senegal + Egypt + Andaman Islands; naturalized in St. Helena, Mauritius, Malaysia, Queensland, Maryland, North Carolina Dinebra somalensis (Stapf) P.M.Peterson & N.Snow - Kenya, Tanzania, Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, Saudi Arabia formerly included see Bouteloua Brachypodium Cutandia Desmostachya Enteropogon Heteranthoecia Leptochloa Tripogon Wangenheimia References Chloridoideae Poaceae genera Grasses of Africa Grasses of Asia Grasses of Europe
2807873	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Combe	Black Combe	Black Combe is a fell in the south-west corner of the Lake District National Park, England, just from the Irish Sea. It lies near the west coast of Cumbria in the borough of Copeland and more specifically, in the ancient district of Millom. It is high and stands in isolation, some away from any higher ground; this factor offers an excellent all-round panoramic view of land and sea, weather permitting. Black Combe is a Marilyn and, at 600m, it is only 10m short of being a Hewitt. Sub-tops include White Combe, Stoupdale Head, Swinside Fell and Stoneside Hill. The first two but not the last two are included in the index of Wainwright's The Outlying Fells of Lakeland and thus in lists of "Outlying fells". (All four sub-tops are shown on Wainwright's map of the fell in that book The view from Black Combe is unique, a result of its isolated position to the south and west of the main Lake District fells. William Wordsworth claimed that "the amplest range of unobstructed prospect may be seen that British ground commands." Half the view is the glittering sea, with the Isle of Man seen clearly to the west, and the hills of Wales and Scotland seen as shadowy silhouettes. On the seaward side views extend from the Cumbrian coast, and from Criffel, to the north, a mountain on the Scottish coast near Dumfries, round to the Isle of Man, due west, then round to Snowdon which may be seen on days of exceptionally good visibility, to the south, to the coast of Lancashire. On the landward side, views include the Scafell Group and the Coniston Group of fells in the Lake District National Park, including four mountains: Skiddaw, Scafell, Scafell Pike and Helvellyn. To the east and south the Pennine Hills, the Forest of Bowland and Blackpool Tower are visible. Closer by, there are also good views over the Duddon Estuary, Millom and the wind farm just offshore. Black Combe is easy to see across Morecambe Bay as the most westerly outlying fell of the Lake District National Park. The name of the Cumberland View public house in Morecambe reflects the fact that Black Combe used to stand in the historical county of Cumberland. It can also be seen from the top end of the Wirral peninsula, between the turbines of the new Burbo Bank Offshore Wind Farm. Clearly visible in views of Black Combe from the south and east is the large, dark-coloured glacial corrie, known as Blackcombe, from which the fell's name is derived. Such corries are often known as combes in English place names, a word cognate with the Welsh word cwm. Adjacent to Blackcombe is a lighter-coloured corrie called Whitecombe. Black Combe was one of the five stations in Cumberland used by the Ordnance Survey to measure the angles of Principal Triangles for their initial survey of Britain in the years up to and including 1809. The other stations were "Dent Hill", Scilly Banks (on the outskirts of Whitehaven), High Pike and Cross Fell. The Black Combe Walking Festival takes place annually in June and the Black Combe fell race takes place in early March. The Swinside, or Sunken Kirk, stone circle is on the eastern flanks of Swinside Fell, in the north east of Black Combe. Geology The rocks of Black Combe were formed during the Ordovician period, roughly 460 million years ago. Faulting has exposed an inlier of mudstones from the Skiddaw Group. These rocks, largely mudstones, siltstones and occasional sandstones or greywackes, were formed in deep seas when occasional slides of coastal sediments were redeposited at greater depth. The nearby Millom Park includes Millom Rock Park, open to the public at all times. Routes Walks to the top of the fell begin at St Mary's Church, Whicham to the south; St Mary's Church, Whitbeck to the west or from the Corney Fell Road which crosses the fells at an altitude of to the north of the top. A more challenging and interesting route begins at Beckside Farm on the A595 road and follows Whitecombe Beck before ascending the Horse Back ridge. This ridge separates Blackcombe and Whitecombe on the eastern side of the fell, and gives good views into both combes. The summit plateau is a very flat peat-covered area. There is a Triangulation Pillar on the top, surrounded by rough drystone wall which forms a wind shelter. due south from the peak is a lesser peak upon which stands a large cairn which is easily visible with the naked eye from Millom and the surrounding area. Between this cairn and the top, in a shallow valley, lies a small tarn. Black Combe is the subject of a chapter of Wainwright's book The Outlying Fells of Lakeland. While most of the chapters of that book describe single, usually circular, walks, Black Combe is treated similarly to the summits in the main Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells: the author describes three distinct ascent routes (from the south at Whicham, the west on the A595 road, the north on the fell road) and a circuit of White Combe to the east. References Marilyns of England Fells of the Lake District Whicham
27567141	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Security%20Council%20Resolution%201278	United Nations Security Council Resolution 1278	United Nations Security Council resolution 1278, adopted without a vote on 30 November 1999, after noting the resignation of International Court of Justice (ICJ) judge Stephen M. Schwebel taking effect on 29 February 2000, the council decided that elections to the vacancy on the ICJ would take place on 2 March 2000 at the security council and at a meeting of the General Assembly during its 54th session. Schwebel, an American jurist, was a member of the court since January 1981, vice-president of the ICJ from 1994 to 1997 and its president since 1997. His term of office was due to expire in February 2006. See also Judges of the International Court of Justice List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1201 to 1300 (1998–2000) References External links Text of the Resolution at undocs.org 1278 1278 November 1999 events
6530966	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heirs%20of%20Empire	Heirs of Empire	Heirs of Empire is a 1996 military science fiction novel by American writer David Weber. It is the third novel in the Dahak trilogy, after the de facto duology of Mutineers' Moon and The Armageddon Inheritance. Heirs of Empire is a stand-alone work that focuses on the adventures and travails of the fraternal twin children of Emperor Colin MacIntyre (who defeated the eponymous mutineers and the Achuultani incursion in The Armageddon Inheritance) and their three friends. In 2003, it was republished in the omnibus volume, Empire from the Ashes. Plot summary The story opens approximately 20 years after The Armageddon Inheritance. The human race has largely recovered from the Siege of Earth by the Achuultani and the Bia system is being slowly re-colonized and its defenses re-activated. In short, the Empire is largely at peace, busy assimilating the technological advances of the Fourth Empire and building and manning a fleet to take the war back to the Achuultani and the master computer controlling them. The captured Achuultani have prospered; with the aid of cloning, their ranks have swollen and they have colonized a planet called Narhan, which was unsuitable to humans by reason of its heavy gravity - for this reason they have renamed themselves the Narhani. They are fervently loyal to the reborn Empire and Colin, enraged by the perversion of their race by the master computer. Brashieel's clone-child (Brashieel is now the head Narhani) Brashan, is one of Sean and Harriet MacIntyre's closest friends (Sean and Harriet being Colin and Jiltanith's two children). The only flies in the ointment are the worrying fact that some of Anu's agents remain at large, and that a small but increasingly violent faction that considers the Narhani to be minions of the anti-christ and want to kill all Narhani; these two factions are secretly working against the Emperor. Into this volatile situation step Sean, Harry, Brashan, Sandy (daughter of Hector MacMahan and Ninhursag), and Tamman (the son of Amanda Tsien and Tamman), who have all enlisted in Battle Fleet. After graduation from the Academy, the four depart on a newly constructed planetoid warship, Imperial Terra, for their midshipman cruise. Unbeknownst to them, one of Anu's former minions, Lawrence Jefferson, had worked his way up to Lieutenant Governor of Earth, and has commenced his plan to become Emperor through assassinating everyone ahead of him in the line of succession. Under his instructions, Jefferson's personal band of religious terrorists, "The Sword of God", takes one of the planetoid's programmer's family hostage, and order him to sabotage Imperial Terra. The task is accomplished, and the programmer and his family are all murdered to cover it up. The Imperial Terra departs on its maiden voyage, but partway through deliberately loses control of its core tap, as the dead programmer had instructed. However, Dahak had surreptitiously inserted a command with equal priority to the sabotage command which states that the lives of 2 certain midshipmen and their friends must be preserved. Imperial Terra reconciles these conflicting orders by first jettisoning the four aboard a well-stocked and capable (but not FTL-capable) battleship moderately near some uncharted systems and only then destroying itself and its crew of 80 thousand. Later, Sandy, Harry, Brashan, Sean, and Tamman arrive at the nearest potentially inhabited system. They barely survive the onslaught of a quarantine system, and decide to sneak onto the life-bearing world the space-borne Imperial weaponry seem to be protecting. Amazingly, it seems that the bio-weapon that had killed the Fourth Empire had missed this world. After landing and investigating the ruins of a high-tech enclave, the five piece together the true history of the planet the indigenous inhabitants call "Pardal". Once, Pardal had been an out-of-the-way minor planet of the Empire. Because it was out of the way, its governor managed to shut down the mat-trans system before Pardal was infected by the bio-weapon when the first warnings went out across the hypercoms, and also to devise with her chief engineer an extremely effective quarantine system. However, even as they hunkered down behind their orbital defenses, the hypercom continued to operate "like a comlink to hell" (pg 255), broadcasting the prolonged death of the Empire, and even more devastatingly, messages from worlds like Pardal which were fooled by the bio-weapon's long incubation period into thinking they were safe. The horrified backlash by Pardal's populace centered on destroying Pardal's technological infrastructure, and erasing all scientific accomplishment and knowledge more advanced than the Dark Ages, so another such horror could never arise. The civil and military authorities concentrated on creating a global theocracy (reminiscent of the Catholic Church) dedicated to the suppression of technological advancement and to the maintenance of the quarantine system. The high-tech enclave the old records were retrieved from was permitted to exist to serve as a source of demons and to provide the fledgling church an easy enemy. Harriet had been sent back to the shuttle to bring it to the valley so they could airlift the enclave's computer out, but along the way she was shot down by some locals. They were about to burn her alive for associating with the "Valley of the Damned" when Sean and the rest, frightened them and destroyed a portion of the village (without killing anyone) and rescuing her. The local priest becomes convinced that the intruders were actually angels, as Pardalian angels are female, beautiful, wound-able, speak in the language of the Empire (the priestly language on Pardal), killed no one (an odd restraint, were they "damned demons"), wore imperial military uniforms, and were immune to Father Stomald's various religious attacks and banishments. He begins preaching to the populace, converting a fair proportion. The Church reacts quickly and violently, sending a portion of the very well equipped "Temple Guard" to burn the heretics. Stomald's forces are outnumbered and outgunned (the Church possesses a monopoly on heavy artillery) and surely doomed. The five castaways discuss matters, and decide that their guilt in instigating this little rebellion, kickstarting the modernization of Pardal, and also gaining access they need to the quarantine system's main computer could all be accomplished by supporting the rebellion with their leadership and knowledge of how to revolutionize Pardalian warfare. The initial Guard expedition is repulsed and scattered by a miracle accomplished through Imperial technology (see Clarke's Third Law). This victory attracts even more recruits to their cause, such as a good proportion of the now-unarmed Guard force they defeated. The quasi-country the revolt began in, the Princedom of Malagor, has long been known for its independent spirit and its rifles; it had long chafed under the Church's studied oppression of it and its artisans. With the new rifles (on Pardal, smoothbore guns and pikes made up most of an army. Rifles took far too long to load despite their greater accuracy and range, because balls had to be rammed down the barrel; with the "angels"' introduction of the Minié ball, this issue became moot) the army is considerably superior to conventional Pardalian armies. Other technology, such as bayonet rings, modern meteorology, satellite cartography, and canister shot, further increase the rebels advantage . The Battle of Yortown, in which the massed Guard reinforcements charged a fortified Angel's army position, quite effectively demonstrated this through the slaughter of the aggressors. Sean's lack of boldness in the counter-stroke followup allowed the surviving Guard commander, named Ortak, to retreat to Erastor, a well-fortified position placed like a choke-point between Malagor and the Temple. Unfortunately, Sean's many advantages are largely nullified in a siege, so he conceives a strike to Ortak's rear, seizing Ortak's semaphore communication lines to perform a man in the middle attack and gain time. Sean managed to bring enough men around Ortak's impassable swamp-secured flank to launch a pincer attack on Ortak's rear and front. With Ortak's forces shattered, the Angels' Army moves out into the open country of Aris, where they can bypass fortifications and crush any army foolish enough to engage. They march clear to the Temple, but are stymied by its elaborate fortifications. Sean's army is ideal for defeating other armies, but not for fighting a siege. The Council offers to meet with Sean to discuss a truce, offering as surety one of its own members and allowing Sean to bring a large contingent in with him. Sean walks straight into their trap, and begins fighting his way to the actual Template/computer complex with his men, while Sandy and the others task the main army with breaking in to relieve Sean. Brashan circles the conflict 100 kilometers away in the Imperial equivalent of a fighter jet, unable to do anything while the quarantine system's defense guns are operational. Fierce fighting gets Sean within range of the computers; as crown prince and heir to the Imperial throne, he has all sorts of overrides and security codes. He shuts down the defenses, and Brashan defeats the Temple forces, ending the war. The next time they are heard from is a few years later, when Dahak receives a message via their newly constructed hypercom. The Emperor and Empress are overjoyed to hear from the two whom they had long thought dead (thought it sincerely enough that they had had two more children). They had not rested in the meantime, defusing Jefferson's plan to kill all the people in the succession via a massive gravitonic bomb planted in a Narhani statue (intending to use his perversion of their gift as a way to blame them), and foiling his attempt on Jiltanith and Horus's life, at the cost of Horus. After this message, Colin and company, along with Dahak, immediately embark for Pardal, eager to see their children as the main effort to crush the xenophobic computers holding the Achuultani hostage begins to take form. External links An excerpt of Heirs of Empire is available for download or reading online at the Baen Free Library here. The whole novel can be found at Empire From the Ashes Index Page. Baen Books available as e-books American science fiction novels Military science fiction novels Novels by David Weber 1996 American novels Space opera novels Religion in science fiction Biological weapons in popular culture
20535488	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Pinker	George Pinker	Sir George Douglas Pinker, KCVO (6 December 1924 – 29 April 2007) was an internationally respected obstetrician and gynecologist, best known for modernizing the delivery of royal babies. Early life George Douglas Pinker was born on 6 December 1924 in Calcutta, India, the second son of Queenie Elizabeth née Dix and Ronald Douglas Pinker, a horticulturist who worked for Suttons Seeds for 40 years, and headed the bulb and flower department for 25 years. At the time of George's birth he ran Sutton Seeds Indian Branch in Calcutta. His older brother Kenneth Hubert was born in Reading on 15 September 1919. Education From 1928 aged four, Pinker was educated at Reading School. In 1942, he began medical training at St Mary's Hospital Medical School, Paddington, London, qualifying as a doctor in 1947. As a student in 1946, when the Music Society put on its first post-war production The Mikado, he sang one of the leading roles. He turned down a contract with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company to pursue a career in medicine. Queen Elizabeth attended the performance as patron of both the hospital and the medical school, accompanied by the two young princesses, Elizabeth and Margaret. Professional career Deciding to specialize in obstetrics, he served his National Service as a lieutenant in the Royal Army Medical Corps in Singapore, where he did much of his specialist training under Benjamin Henry Sheares at the British Military Hospital, Singapore. Returning to civilian life at the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford, in 1958 he was appointed a consultant in obstetrics and gynaecology to St. Mary's Hospital and Samaritan Hospital for Women, both of which he served for the next 31 years. While at St Mary's Hospital on May 27th 1971 he assisted in the first ever Caesarian section birth under an Epidural anaesthetic. He later also held the position of Consulting Gynaecological Surgeon to the Middlesex Hospital; Soho Hospital for Women; Bolingbroke Hospital, Battersea; and the Radcliffe Infirmary from 1969 to 1980. Pinker accepted an increasing involvement with the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, serving as Honorary Treasurer, 1970–77. He was a past president of the British Fertility Society and supported the research that led to the birth in 1978 of Louise Brown, the first test-tube baby. His work at the Royal College earned him international respect amongst obstetricians and gynaecologists. In 1980 he was elected vice-president and finally President in 1987. Wellbeing of Women In 1964 he and several distinguished colleagues founded the Childbirth Research Centre. Changing its name to Birthright in 1972, it is now Wellbeing of Women. Diana, Princess of Wales, whose two sons had been delivered by Pinker, became a patron in 1984. On 12 October 2011, the Right Reverend Vincent Nichols gave the first annual Sir George Pinker Memorial Address. Surgeon and gynecologist to the Queen In 1973 he succeeded Sir John Peel as surgeon gynaecologist to Queen Elizabeth II. The youngest person to be appointed to the post, he delivered nine royal babies: Earl of Ulster; Lady Rose Windsor; Lady Davina Windsor; Lord Frederick Windsor; Lady Gabriella Windsor; Peter Phillips; Zara Phillips; Prince William; and Prince Harry. All of these births took place at St. Mary's Hospital, Paddington, a significant break with royal tradition as all prior royal births had taken place at a royal residence. In 1990, he was replaced by Marcus Setchell CVO. Honours Pinker was appointed a CVO in 1983, and a KCVO in 1990. In the same year he authored the book 'Preparing for Pregnancy'. In 1991 he edited 'Clinical Gynecological Oncology'. He also contributed to several books - Diseases of Women by Ten Teachers (1964), Obstetrics by Ten Teachers (1964), A Short Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (1967). Personal life Pinker married former nurse Dorothy Emma Russell in London on 31 March 1951. The couple had four children: Catherine & Ian (twins), Robert and William. His wife died in 2003. Pinker enjoyed all music, but particularly opera. He became assistant concert director of Reading Symphony Orchestra, and then in 1988 vice-president of the London Choral Society. He was a keen skier, sailor, gardener and hill-walker. Death and memorial service In his last years he was disabled by Parkinson's disease and partial blindness. Pinker died in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire on 29 April 2007. A Memorial Service was held in October 2007 St Marylebone Church, London, attended by the Duchess of Gloucester and Queen Anne-Marie of Greece. In August 2008 it was reported that he left nearly £1.5million in his will to his four children. References Medical doctors from Kolkata 1924 births 2007 deaths British gynaecologists Deaths from Parkinson's disease Neurological disease deaths in England Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order People educated at Reading School Royal Army Medical Corps officers Alumni of St Mary's Hospital Medical School Presidents of the Royal Society of Medicine British people in colonial India 20th-century British Army personnel
13553373	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workload%20Manager	Workload Manager	In IBM mainframes, Workload Manager (WLM) is a base component of MVS/ESA mainframe operating system, and its successors up to and including z/OS. It controls the access to system resources for the work executing on z/OS based on administrator-defined goals. Workload Manager components also exist for other operating systems. For example, an IBM Workload Manager is also a software product for AIX operating system. Workload Manager On a mainframe computer many different applications execute at the same time. The expectations for executing work are consistent execution times and predictable access to databases. On z/OS the Workload Manager (WLM) component fulfills these needs by controlling work's access to system resources based on external specifications by the system administrator. The system administrator classifies work to service classes. The classification mechanism uses work attributes like transaction names, user identifications or program names which specific applications are known to use. In addition the system administrator defines goals and importance levels for the service classes representing the application work. The goals define performance expectations for the work. Goals can be expressed as response times, a relative speed (termed velocity) or as discretionary if no specific requirement exists. The response time describes the duration for the work requests after they entered the system and until the application signals to WLM that the execution is completed. WLM is now interested to assure that the average response time of a set of work requests ends in the expected time or that a percentage of work requests fulfill the expectations of the end user. The definition of a response time also requires that the applications communicate with WLM. If this is not possible a relative speed measure – named execution velocity - is used to describe the end user expectation to the system. This measurement is based on system states which are continuously collected. The system states describe when a work request uses a system resource and when it must wait for it because it is used by other work. The latter is named a delay state. The quotient of all using states to all productive states (using and delay states) multiplied by 100 is the execution velocity. This measurement does not require any communication of the application with the WLM component but it is also more abstract than a response time goal. Finally the system administrator assigns an importance to each service class to tell WLM which service classes should get preferred access to system resources if the system load is too high to allow all work to execute. The service classes and goal definitions are organized in service policies together with other constructs for reporting and further controlling and saved as a service definition for access to WLM. The active service definition is saved on a couple data set which allows all z/OS systems of a Parallel Sysplex cluster to access and execute towards the same performance goals. WLM is a closed control mechanism which continuously collects data about the work and system resources; compares the collected and aggregated measurements with the user definitions from the service definition and adjusts the access of the work to the system resources if the user expectations have not been achieved. This mechanism runs continuously in pre-defined time intervals. In order to compare the collected data with the goal definitions a performance index is calculated. The performance index for a service class is a single number which tells whether the goal definition could be met, has been overachieved or was missed. WLM modifies the access of the service classes based on the achieved performance index and importance. For this it uses the collected data to project the possibility and result of a change. The change is executed if the forecast comes to the result that it is beneficial for the work based on the defined customer expectations. WLM uses a data base ranging from 20 seconds to 20 minutes to contain a statistically relevant basis of samples for its calculations. Also in one decision interval a change is performed for the benefit of one service class to maintain a controlled and predictable system. WLM controls the access of the work to the system processors, the I/O units, the system storage and starts and stops processes for work execution. The access to the system processors for example is controlled by a dispatch priority which defines a relative ranking between the units of work which want to execute. The same dispatch priority is assigned to all units of work which were classified to the same service class. As already stated the dispatch priority is not fixed and not simply derived from the importance of the service class. It changes based on goal achievement, system utilization and demand of the work for the system processors. Similar mechanisms exist for controlling all other system resources. This way of z/OS Workload Manager controlling the access of work to system resources is named goal oriented workload management and is in contrast to resource entitlement based workload management which defines a much more static relationship how work can access the system resources. Resource entitlement based workload management is found on larger UNIX operating systems for example. A major difference to workload management components on other operating systems is the close cooperation between z/OS Workload Manager and the major applications; middleware and subsystems executing on z/OS. WLM offers interfaces which allow the subsystems to tell WLM when a unit of work starts and ends in the system and to pass classification attributes which can be used by the system administrator to classify the work on the system. In addition WLM offers interfaces which allow load balancing components to place work requests on the best suited system in a parallel sysplex cluster. Additional instrumentation exists which helps database and resource managers to signal contention situations to WLM so that WLM can help the delayed work by promoting the holder of resource locks and latches. Over time z/OS Workload Manager became the central control component for all performance related aspects in a z/OS operating system. In a Parallel Sysplex cluster the z/OS Workload Manager components work together to provide a single image view for the executing applications on the cluster. On a System z with multiple virtual partitions z/OS WLM allows to interoperate with the LPAR Hypervisor to influence the weighting of the z/OS partitions and to control the amount of CPU capacity which can be consumed by the logical partitions. Literature Paola Bari et al.: System Programmer's Guide to: Workload Management. IBM Redbook, SG24-6472 External links Official z/OS WLM Homepage See also Unit Control Block, for a description how WLM controls dynamic Parallel Access Volumes (PAVs) IBM mainframe operating systems
19229955	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Best%20of%20Apo%20Hiking%20Society%20Volume%202	The Best of Apo Hiking Society Volume 2	The Best of Apo Hiking Society Volume 2 is a compilation album from the Filipino musical group Apo Hiking Society. It was released in 1991 under the Universal Records Philippines. The album is composed of 15 tracks taken from their previously released studio albums. Track listing "Awit Ng Barkada" "When I Met You" "Lumang Tugtugin" "Love Is For Singing" "Huwag Masanay Sa Pagmamahal" "Di Na Natuto" "Yakap Sa Dilim" "Bakit Ang Babae" "Blue Jeans" "Bawat Bata" "Anna" "Syotang Pa-Class" "Nakapagtataka" "Softly" "Kumot At Unan" References APO Hiking Society albums 1991 compilation albums
66525285	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Whiting%20%28disambiguation%29	Charles Whiting (disambiguation)	Charles Whiting (1926–2007) was a British writer and military historian. Charles Whiting may also refer to: Charles Whiting (cricketer) (1888–1959), English cricketer Charles S. Whiting (1863–1922), Associate Justice of the South Dakota Supreme Court Charlie Whiting (1952–2019), FIA Formula One race director
12809303	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algimantas%20Briaunys	Algimantas Briaunys	Algimantas Briaunys (born 3 November 1964) is a Lithuanian professional footballer/goalkeeper coach. He played the position of goalkeeper. He won a total of four international caps for the Lithuania national football team. Coaching career From 2003 to 2004, Briaunys was manager of FK Atlantas. In 2005, he then worked as goalkeeper coach for FC Flora and later from 2006 to 2008 for FCI Levadia Tallinn. In 2009, Briaunys was appointed manager of Banga Gargždai. He left in 2010 and became assistant manager of FCI Levadia Tallinn in 2011 and later also goalkeeper coach at the club. At the end of 2011, Briaunys was hired as goalkeeper coach of JK Sillamäe Kalev and in September 2012, he was appointed manager of the club. He left the manager post in April 2013 and continued as goalkeeper coach of the club. In July 2019, he joined Palanga as assistant manager and in September 2019, he became manager for the rest of the season after the departure of Viačeslavu Geraščenka. Honours Flora Meistriliiga champion: 1993–94, 1994–95 Meistriliiga runner-up: 1995–96 Estonian Cup winner: 1994–95 Žalgiris A Lyga runner-up: 1996–97, 1997–98 Lithuanian Football Cup winner: 1997 Liepājas Metalurgs Latvian Higher League runner-up: 1998, 1999 Latvian Higher League bronze: 2000, 2001 Atlantas A Lyga runner-up: 2002 References External links 1964 births People from Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast Living people Soviet footballers FK Atlantas players FK Sirijus Klaipėda players Lithuanian footballers FC Asmaral Moscow players Lithuanian expatriate footballers Expatriate footballers in Russia Russian Premier League players FC Halychyna Drohobych players Expatriate footballers in Ukraine FC Flora players Expatriate footballers in Estonia Lithuanian expatriate sportspeople in Estonia F.C. Copenhagen players Expatriate footballers in Denmark Lithuanian expatriate sportspeople in Denmark JK Tervis Pärnu players FK Žalgiris players FK Liepājas Metalurgs players Expatriate footballers in Latvia Lithuania international footballers Lithuanian football managers Lithuanian expatriate football managers Expatriate football managers in Russia Lithuanian expatriate sportspeople in Russia JK Sillamäe Kalev managers Expatriate football managers in Estonia Association football goalkeepers
67841392	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaetorellia%20ampliata	Chaetorellia ampliata	Chaetorellia ampliata is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Chaetorellia of the family Tephritidae. Distribution China. References Tephritinae Insects described in 1990 Diptera of Asia
55852205	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laila%20Nur	Laila Nur	Laila Nur (October 5, 1934 – May 31, 2019) was a Bangladeshi language-movement activist and academic. She joined Comilla Victoria Government College in 1957 as its first female professor. Early life Laila Nur was born on 5October 1934 in Daudkandi Thana, Comilla. Her father was Abu Naser, a medical doctor, and her mother was Shamsunnahar Mehedi. She passed her Higher Secondary School Certificate (HSC) in 1952. She received a Bachelor of Arts degree in English literature in 1956 from Dhaka University. Participation in the Language Movement As a young woman in 1952, Nur participated in the Bengali Language Movement. On 20February 1955 she was arrested by the Pakistan Police along with about 20 female students for preparing to take part in a march the next day. She was in jail for 21 days for her participation in the Language Movement. Professional achievements In 1957, Nur became the first woman to be appointed a professor at Comilla Victoria Government College. Nur has translated 115 poetry pieces by Titas Chowdhury into English. In 2014, Nur received the Binoy Sommanona Award for her contribution to the Language Movement and education. References 1934 births Bengali activists Bengali language movement activists 2019 deaths Bangladeshi women activists People from Comilla Comilla Victoria Government College faculty People from Comilla District University of Dhaka alumni
18335933	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amr%20Ellissy	Amr Ellissy	Amr Elleithy, 2010 UNESCO laureate, is an Egyptian television and radio celebrity. Graduated from the Faculty of Law at Cairo University, he was also attached to the Higher Institute of Arts, where he attained his bachelor's degree at the Direction Section. He later pursued his studies in the field of media, to attain his Master of Science degree in "Interactive media Science" University of Adams Smith, USA. in 2001.He was awarded his PHD degree, with distinction, from the Higher Institute of Criticism, in conjunction with the Faculty of Media, Cairo University, 2012. Careers In 1991, before being a TV presenter, he was the executive director of the London-based MBC, a private Arabian TV channel. Afterwards, he started his preparation and presentation of a weekly TV program at the Egyptian State run Television called "Ekhterak" in 2001, which is a political documentary program. Some of its episodes were concerned with a historical documentation of important world events. The program was awarded "Best viewed" three times, since it began. It is still aired weekly till the present time [2010]. He started another political interactive programs at other private channels (besides his own on Egypt State TV) as the OTV Channel and the AlSaa Lebanese Channel, where he has written scripts and presented a weekly talk show called Moagha=Confrontation (2006–2008). He also prepared and narrated a weekly radio program at the Egyptian State Radio: Middle East Broadcasting Channel for 3 consecutive years [2006-2009]. In 2009, he started preparing the UNESCO- awarded program "Wahed Mn Elnass" [One from the Public], and launched it in April 2009 at Dream television channel a private Egyptian channel that tackles public and rural issues, being mainly concerned with problems of marginalized and poor population, in a trial to foster media tools in raising public awareness and improving the living conditions of his society, assuring their proper voicing to the authorities. He has been awarded the UNESCO prize of the IPDC [International Program for Development of Communication], 2010: for this program and his meritorious efforts in favour of rural and marginalized people. It was awarded in Paris, March 2010. He is the Editor-in-Chief and CEO of the weekly liberal Egyptian newspaper Elkhamis, which was issued in 1996. He is also a lecturer at the Higher Institute of Art Criticism and the International Academy of Media Science. Currently, he is a councilor at the Culture and tourism committee of the Egyptian Parliament. Also, a member of the Supreme council of the Cairo Film Festival. Currently, he is a lecturer of Media Production, Radio Journalism and Journalism Ethics, at the Faculty of Media, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Egypt. He is also a media anchor and T.V. Presenter of a daily Show at AlHAYAH T.V. : Bewodooh. Highlights on Professional contributions Participated in the 28th Ordinary Session of the ASBU General Assembly and its connected meetings, Jeddah 1–13 January 2009, Saudi Arabia and moderated one of its two professional seminars entitled: Role of the Arab Media in the Coverage of Events in the Arab Region. Held a public lecture at Japan society for Promotion of Science [JSPS, Cairo Station] entitled Role of Media in Political Reform in Egypt, Cairo, April 2007 [with simultaneous translation to Japanese]. Good will ambassador for blood donation, World Health Organization, East Mediterranean, Cairo Regional Office, 2009 Good Will Ambassador, appraised and announced by the Good Will Ambassadors Club( Dubai Based NGO, Affiliated to the UN ), for his social contribution and development media he is promoting in his profession, Dubai, May 28, 2015. Social Contributions Ellissy is also a member of a number of non-governmental organizations, and is the chairman of the "Nahdet Misr" society. He is a founding member of the Egyptian food Bank [2001]. In September 2010, he launched the program-executive NGO One from the Public to be his tool of performance of the vision and mission of his program. It is accredited by the ministry of Social solidarity and joined by a number of public figures, businessmen and celebrities. Public Role of the NGO [Wahed men elnass] This NGO helps to figure out the needs of marginalized people, execute their dreams, bringing an acceptable quality of life for them in favour of good education, health services and infra –structure facilities. Till now, we can pinpoint several missions it had succeeded to carry out, including: supplying miniloans to youths to start some productive projects Aid in providing the costs of medical operations and health services to complicated medical cases, including children diseases, heart operations and others Aiding in the marriage of orphan girls, with the arrangement of a joint celebration for their grouping Supplying small apartments, through its connection to business contractors, to people in rural areas, in favour of a better quality of life Finding employment opportunities for youth, through recruiting proper c.vs to different companies in working fields Prizes Ellissy has been awarded the high-ranked prize of "Mostafa & Ali Amin for Journalism, 2008". During the same year, he established his own prize to be dedicated, on a yearly basis, to the distinguished student of Faculty of Media Science, at Cairo University. He has been awarded the prestigious IPCD UNESCO prize [International Program for Development of communication], for the year 2010 for his programme {One of the People}, which he presents and writes it at dream TV channel, Egypt. As mentioned by the UNESCO officials, 'Mr Ellissy seeks to work with governmental authorities and civil society organizations to find solutions to social problems in rural areas. He also carries out fundraising and public campaigns through his television programmes.' He has recently been appraised by the IFAJ, which has posted a feature article about his efforts in rural development [November 2010]. Author Ellissy is the author of six books. He prepared and published an investigative documentary book about the mysterious death of Ashraf Marwan, the former Egyptian president secretary for information. Some of his interviews and investigative documentaries are uploaded on YouTube, under the title of "Egypt Journalist Amr Ellissy". References Egyptian television presenters Egyptian radio presenters Egyptian journalists Living people Year of birth missing (living people)
43691751	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdel-Majed%20Abdel%20Bary	Abdel-Majed Abdel Bary	Abdel-Majed Abdel Bary (; born 16 June 1991) is a British former rapper and Islamist militant from Maida Vale, West London. He is the son of Adel Abdel Bari. After circulation of video footage related to the decapitation of the American journalist James Foley, British intelligence reportedly centred on three suspects who might be the militant in the footage dubbed "Jihadi John", putting a knife to Foley's throat and later on boasting of having undertaken his beheading. Abdel Bary attained considerable notoriety as he emerged as a prime suspect in the hunt for "Jihadi John", but in February 2015, it was reported that the executioner was Londoner Mohammed Emwazi. During his ISIS activities Bary posed with a severed head and declared war on the West. Father Abdel-Majed Abdel Bary is the son of Ragaa and Adel Abdel Bari. His father was arrested when Abdel-Majed Abdel Bary was six years old. His father was reportedly tortured in Egypt as a suspected radical Islamist. After release, he moved to the United Kingdom where he applied for political asylum with his wife and family. After a very long process of investigation, with the possible returning of Adel Abdel Bari to Egypt, he was extradited eventually by the British authorities to the United States in 2012 for involvement in the 1998 United States embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania and for having alleged links and a longtime association with Osama bin Laden and more prominently Ayman al-Zawahiri, current leader of al Qaeda. On 6 February 2015, Adel Abdel Bari pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 25 years in prison - the plea bargain was described by the judge as generous. Early life and music career Abdel Bary grew up in a council house in Maida Vale in West London. Abdel Bary released a number of recordings online about his own life as a youth in London. In lyrics for earlier releases online going back to 2012, Bary made apparent references to drug use, violence and life on a council estate and talked about the threat of his family being deported to Egypt due to his father's terrorist activity. He also appeared in SBTV Warmup Sessions as Lyricist Jinn presenting two live tracks that talked about his experiences. In later songs however, references to cannabis use stopped in his lyrics to be replaced with more radical tirades against people who choose to spend their money clubbing, drinking and on drugs rather than feeding their families. He was also part of a rap group known as "The Black Triangle". As a rapper he was known as Lyricist Jinn and L Jinny. Known tracks by him include "Overdose" (the only one uploaded, now removed, to his YouTube channel LJinnyVEVO), "Flying High", "Dreamer", "The Beginning", and "Dog Pound." Some of his recordings were reportedly played on BBC Radio 1. As late as 1 December 2013, music featuring L. Jinny was still being released including the track "My Words" featuring L Jinny on the album More True Talk by Logic & Last Resort. Radicalisation Abdel-Majed Abdel Bary was radicalised by Muslim groups connected to preacher Anjem Choudary in England. On 1 July 2013, he reportedly announced that he was giving up his musical aspirations for Islam. "I have left everything for the sake of Allah", he said, walking out of his family's home in Maida Vale in Westminster, leaving behind his mother Ragaa and his five siblings. ISIS activities In 2013, Bary joined the jihadist opposition forces in Syria fighting the Syrian government of President Bashar al-Assad. In March 2014, he had a run-in with rival Free Syrian Army opposition forces, claiming in a tweet that he was kidnapped and tortured by them. He eventually joined the even more radical Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS/ISIL). In June 2014, The Sunday Times revealed a threat made by Bary on Twitter saying: "The lions are coming for you soon you filthy kuffs (infidels). Beheadings in your own backyard soon." In early August 2014, he posted a photograph of himself holding a man's severed head allegedly taken in Raqqa, Syria, the stronghold of ISIL and declared capital for the ISIL self-proclaimed Islamic State. The caption read: "Chillin' with my homie or what's left of him." The Sunday Times and Sunday People listed Bary as a member of a group of four British-born ISIL members that have guarded, tortured, and beheaded foreign hostages in Syria, a group they called "The Beatles" ("John", "George", "Paul", and "Ringo") because of their British accents. He was suspected of being the "Jihadi John" appearing in the execution video of James Foley. However, a representative of Scotland Yard told Billboard magazine in August 2014 that the man in the video had not definitively been identified. In February 2015, it was confirmed that "Jihadi John" is not Abdel Bary, but actually Mohammed Emwazi, a Kuwaiti-born man in his mid-20s who had left West London to join ISIS. In 2014, his family home in London was raided by the British police which provoked a strong reaction from him on social media. He wrote on his Twitter account: "They have nothing to do with this, they did not even know where I am. I haven't lived at home for years you pagans." Bary kept an online presence using the name Abu Klashnikov on Twitter, but his account was eventually suspended. Bary also claimed that he and Junaid Hussain were kidnapped, tortured and robbed by members of a rival Islamic terror group. In July 2015, it was reported that Bary was on the run in Turkey, after having left ISIS. He disguised himself as a refugee and escaped during the ISIS retreat from Tal Abyad in June 2015, Bary shortly returned on Twitter as @LJinnay where he spoke to his former friends and fans, but then deleted it after one week. He has not been heard from since, now being sought by both the British security services and by ISIL executioners, who have recently killed scores of foreign fighters for deserting their ranks, according to British security sources. As of December 2017, it was reported that Bary was still alive and perhaps wishing to return to Britain. Bary briefly reuploaded videos to his LJinnyVEVO channel in late July 2017, but he is believed to have carried his refugee disguise into Europe. His inactivity on social media may be a result of his attempts to keep a low profile. On 21 April 2020, he was arrested in Almería, Spain with two other terrorists, in an operation lead by the Spanish police and the CNI that knew he had entered Spanish soil illegally in a dinghy. References 1991 births English people of Egyptian descent British Islamists Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant members from Egypt Living people Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and the United Kingdom
5288783	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep%20plantar%20artery	Deep plantar artery	The deep plantar artery (ramus plantaris profundus; communicating artery) descends into the sole of the foot, between the two heads of the 1st interosseous dorsalis, and unites with the termination of the lateral plantar artery, to complete the plantar arch. It sends a branch along the medial side of the great toe and continues forward along the first interosseous space as the first plantar metatarsal artery, which bifurcates for the supply of the adjacent sides of the great and second toes. References External links http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/figures/chapter_17/17-3.HTM Arteries of the lower limb
14293316	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dufur%20School%20District	Dufur School District	Dufur School District #29 is a K-12 school district of approximately 280 students, in Dufur, Oregon, United States. Academics In 2008, 79% of the Dufur High School seniors received their high school diploma. Of 19 students, 15 graduated, 3 dropped out, and 1 received a modified diploma. References School districts in Oregon Education in Wasco County, Oregon
35682818	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clemens%20Berger	Clemens Berger	Clemens Berger (born 20 May 1979, in Güssing) is an Austrian writer. Since 2017 he is a contributor and co-editor of Versopolis, The European Review of Poetry, Books and Culture, a pan-European online literary magazine. He grew up in Oberwart and studied philosophy and publicity in Vienna, where he currently lives. Works Der gehängte Mönch (2003) Paul Beers Beweis (2005) Die Wettesser (2007) Gatsch / Und Jetzt. Zwei Stücke (2009) Und hieb ihm das rechte Ohr ab (2009) Das Streichelinstitut (2010) Engel der Armen (2011) Im Jahr des Panda (2016) References External links 1979 births Living people Austrian male writers
5741554	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alto%20Amazonas%20Province	Alto Amazonas Province	The Alto Amazonas Province is one of the eight provinces in the Loreto Region of Peru. Located in the northeastern Peruvian Amazon, the culturally and biodiverse Province of Alto Amazonas is divided into six districts. Per August 1, 2005 (law Nº 8593), the following five districts were reallocated to the newly created province Datem del Marañón: Barranca, Cahuapanas, Manseriche, Morona, Pastaza. Political division The province measures ] and is divided into six districts: References Municipalidades del Peru, Municipalidades del Departamento de Loreto, retrieved June 24, 2008. External links Municipal website Provinces of the Loreto Region
9036419	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Alain%20Couturier	Marie-Alain Couturier	Marie-Alain Couturier, O.P., (15 November 1897 – 9 February 1954) was a French Dominican friar and Catholic priest, who gained fame as a designer of stained glass windows. He was noted for his modern inspiration in the field of Sacred art. Life Marie-Alain Couturier was born Pierre-Charles-Marie Couturier in Montbrison, Loire, France, on November 15, 1897. Father Couturier was one of four children born into a relatively wealthy family there. He was their second son, and his early years were spent in Montbrison. He attended the Victor de Laprade Institute, and studied philosophy in a Marist school in Saint-Chamond. He graduated in October 1914, having majored in Literature, Latin, and Greek. His class was called up for military service in 1915, but he did not leave for the front until 1916 on account of his asthmatic condition. In April of that year, he was wounded in the right heel, and was evacuated. On August 6, his foot was operated on in Pau, where he recovered in the hospital until his release in December. Marguerite Perrineau became a close friend of his during that time, and remained a lifelong confidant. In late 1917 he returned to Montbrison, and, with art in mind as a career, began to paint. After the war, he became an art student at the Paris Académie de la Grande Chaumière. Starting in 1920, he spent five years working at the Studio of the Sacred Arts (). In 1925, he expressed an interest in religious life and began to seek an Order which he might join. He was accepted by the Dominican friars and entered their novitiate in Amiens on 22 September 1925, at which time he took the name under which he is now known. From 1926 onward he did his theological studies at the Dominican seminary in Le Saulchoir, Belgium, upon completion of which he was ordained a Catholic priest on 25 July 1930. From 1930 to 1932 he studied at the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum in Rome under famed Dominican theologian Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange. His studies were frequently interrupted by illness. In 1935 he was assigned to the Saint-Honoré Priory in Paris. He spent World War II overseas in the United States and Canada. Upon his return to Europe after the war, he became involved in a very practical way in some of the greatest artistic adventures of the 20th century: Henri Matisse and the Vence Chapel; Le Corbusier and the Chapel of Notre Dame du Haut; the Notre-Dame de Toute Grace du Plateau d'Assy; and Audincourt. He died of Myastenia gravis on 9 February 1954, aged 56, mourned by many of the great 20th-century artists. Sacred art From 1936 till 1954 Father Couturier, together with Father Pie-Raymond Régamey, was the chief editor of the review L'Art Sacré that was to become very influential among art critics no longer satisfied with what was considered outdated 19th-century church decoration. Father Couturier, who had received a thorough and practical training as an artisan glazier at the Ateliers, was then considering to bring "living" art into the scope of modern church building. With Maurice Denis he was responsible for the first abstract stained glass windows in the church of Le Raincy, built by Auguste Perret in 1923. The Austrian priest Otto Mauer, in the same period, was working along the same lines with the Austrian Avant-Garde, opening the Galerie nächst St Stephan for the very purpose. Alfred Kubin and Arnulf Rainer, among others became great friends of Mauer, just like some of the most outspoken freethinkers such as Fernand Léger and Henri Matisse became intimate friends with Father Couturier. The general idea for these ground-breaking clerical artists was that there was no religious denomination for art. "What is more real? The torments of the figure of Christ or the beautiful expensive necklace you are wearing?" the priest asked a parishioner who was criticizing the novel way in which Germaine Richier had symbolised the Christ in Agony in the new church at Assy. Another example: "But don't you know I am a Jew?" Jacques Lipchitz had asked Father Couturier, when commissioned to deliver the sculpture of the Virgin Mary for Assy. "If it does not bother you, it does not bother me" was the answer. Contributing to the spirit of great art that led to the Couturier's inspiration were: The stained glass windows of Alfred Manessier for the church of Sainte-Agathe des Bréseux (1948) -the first non figurative designs to be incorporated in an ancient building, Father Couturier himself signing for the window celebrating St Theresa The Chapelle du Saint-Marie du Rosaire by Henri Matisse (1949-1951). The Chapel of Notre Dame du Haut by Le Corbusier (1954) The Church of Notre-Dame de Toute Grâce du Plateau d'Assy, bringing together Braque, Matisse, Bonnard, Lurçat, Rouault, Léger, Bazaine, Chagall, Berçot, Briançon, Richier... (1938-1949) The Church of Sacré Cœur d'Audincourt: stained glass by Fernand Léger, mosaic and stained glass by Jean Bazaine, stained glass (crypte) by Jean Le Moal (1955) The convent Sainte Marie de La Tourette at Eveux-sur-l'Arbresle (near Lyon) by Le Corbusier, 1960 The Rothko Chapel, celebrating the inspiring talks between Dominique de Menil and Father Couturier. The annual exhibition, Salon Art Sacré (sacred art) was founded in 1951 by Couturier, along with his fellow Dominican friar Pie-Raymond Régamey and the lay artist Joseph Pichard. They wanted to revitalize the sacred meaning in art. Supported by Andre Malraux in the 1960, the show reached its artistic heyday with the Salon Art et Matière (Art and Matter) which targeted a so-called secular spirituality. In 1989, the noted artist Pierre Heymann began to contribute to the exhibition. This exhibition changed its name to SAESAM in 1994. Currently it maintains an online presence as a forum for artists to share their work and ideas connected to spirituality. Stained glass In the art of stained glass a distinction has to be made between the artisan master-glazier and the designer, the cartoneur, who makes the cardboard maquettes of the artwork. (Special scissors are used on the cardboard that cut away strips corresponding to the soul of the leadstrip (H -came) in which the master-glazier assembles the colored glass fragments). Georges Rouault, Henri Matisse, Fernand Léger, Alfred Manessier, Jean Bazaine, Jean Le Moal are but a few of the master-painters designing for stained glass (cartoneurs) in company with Father Couturier. Jean Hébert-Stevens, Marguerite Huré, Jean Barillet -again in company with Father Couturier, master-glazier as well as designer- are but some of the artisans whose name will forever be linked to the renewal inspired by Father Couturier. In 1925 Jean Hébert-Stevens and Pauline Paugniez opened a workshop where glaziers and painters shared projects, inspired by the Ateliers d'Art Sacré initiated by Maurice Denis (1919). It was Marguerite Huré who signed for the execution of the glasswork designed by Maurice Denis and Pierre (Marie-Alain) Couturier for the church in Le Raincy in 1923. Jean Barrilet, around the same time was responsible for the creation of the workshop "The artisans of the altar".(Danièle Doumont, 2003 -ref below) One seems to better understand the spiritual appeal of the artisans -of Father Couturiers message- when one concentrates on the symbolism of the cohesive function of the soul in multicolored illumination, a central feature in traditional artwork. References Henri Matisse, M.-A. Couturier, L.-B. Rayssiguier The Vence Chapel: The Archive of a Creation Milan, Menil Foundation -Skira Editore, 1999 External links Projekte Lebenssituationen The refutation of anti semitism by Father Couturier Time Magazine (1949) on Father Couturier Time Magazine (1958) on Lipchitz and Couturier The Menil Collection Menil Foundation: Couturier Collection at Yale University Convent of La Tourette Danièle Doumont: The renewal of stained glass in the 20th century A look at Assy A look at Audincourt Jean Barillet (at Audincourt, design Fernand Leger) Marguerite Huré/Le Raincy (French) 1897 births 1954 deaths People from Montbrison, Loire 20th-century Roman Catholic priests Alumni of the Académie de la Grande Chaumière Deaths from myasthenia gravis French Roman Catholic priests French stained glass artists and manufacturers Glass artists French Dominicans Catholic stained glass artists
7564742	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20Nelson	Louis Nelson	Louis Hall Nelson (September 17, 1902 – April 5, 1990) was an American jazz trombonist. Life and career Nelson was born on September 17, 1902, at 1419-21 Touro Street in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. His father, Dr. George Harry Nelson, was a medical doctor. Dr. Nelson helped organize the 9th Louisiana Volunteers and served in the Spanish–American War. He was commissioned as first lieutenant. During the war he served in Cuba and also stormed San Juan Hill. His mother, Anna Hattie Adams Nelson, was a teacher and pianist from Springfield, Massachusetts. She was a descendant of runaway slaves from the Eastern Shore of Maryland. She was a graduate of the Boston Conservatory of Music. His mother moved to Louisiana to teach and this is where she met her husband. They had three children: Mary Nelson Welch, George Harry Nelson Jr., and Louis Hall Nelson. Both parents and his sister played the piano and his brother played the saxophone. In December 1902, his parents moved to Napoleonville, Louisiana, because his father could not get medical patients after the July 1900 Robert Charles Race Riots in New Orleans. At the age of fifteen, while living in Napoleonville, Louis Nelson started playing the valve trombone and switched to the slide trombone, studying under Professor Claiborne Williams of Donaldsonville, Louisiana. He credited Professor Claiborne Williams with teaching him the proper way to breathe. Williams also taught him that technique and intuition were far more important than technical skill. Nelson is quoted as saying "I heard a fellow, Lawrence Johnson, playing with a band out of Napoleonville. I said, one day I'm going to play trombone like that man. He had a smooth tone, and gave the notes the full value. That's why I followed in his footsteps." Weekdays, Louis Nelson lived with Reverend Isaac H. Hall in New Orleans, Louisiana. Reverend Hall was a family friend who had raised Nelson's father. While living there, Nelson attended the Lutheran School on Annette Street and New Orleans University (high school) on Saint Charles Avenue in New Orleans, being graduated in 1919. Nelson's first band was Joe Gabriel's band of Thibodeaux, Louisiana. With Joe Gabriel's band, he traveled through Cajun country, playing in dance halls for a dollar a night. Nelson married Julia Kissack in 1922. After a brief stay in New York City where he worked as a Pullman porter, Julia and Louis Nelson moved to New Orleans because she was ill. While in New Orleans in the 1920s, Nelson played jazz music with: Buddy Petit, Kid Rena, Kid Punch Miller, Sam Morgan (musician), Chris Kelly (jazz), Papa Celestin, Willie Pajeaud, Kid Howard, Sidney Cates, and Kid Harris' Dixieland Band. Louis and Julia Kissack Nelson had two children: Louis Hall Nelson Jr. and Anna Nelson Tircuit. Julia Kissack Nelson died in 1928 from complications of pregnancy. After his wife's death, Nelson joined the Sidney Desvigne Orchestra. This group played for white audiences in such spots as the New Orleans Country Club and the Southern Yacht Club. Monday and Tuesday nights were reserved for black audiences at such venues as the Pythian Temple and the Bulls Aids and Pleasure Club. During his fifteen years with Desvigne's ten-piece Orchestra, Nelson played for summer Mississippi River cruises on the steamer S.S. Capitol, traveling as far north as Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota. To get work during the Depression, Nelson joined the Works Progress Administration and became first chair in the WPA band. Between engagements, the musicians dug stumps at City Park in New Orleans. When World War II commenced, Nelson volunteered for the U.S. Navy and became Musician 1st Class at the U.S. Navy base in Memphis, Tennessee. After serving in the Navy, Nelson returned to New Orleans and resumed playing with Sidney Desvigne's Orchestra until Desvigne moved it to California. Nelson then joined the hard-driving Kid Thomas Valentine band in 1945. With this band, he played one night a week at dance halls such as the Tip Top, Fireman's Hall in Westwego, Louisiana, and Speck's Moulin Rouge in Marrero, Louisiana. He also worked for the Herbert Leary Orchestra at this time. To make ends meet, Nelson was forced to take day jobs such as being a driver for the post office and for a fish merchant. He also worked as a chauffeur and as a janitor. In 1949, Louis Nelson made his first recording with clarinetist and leader Big Eye Louis Nelson Delisle, as well as Charlie Love, Johnny St. Cyr, Ernest Rogers, and Austin Young at Dr. Nelson's Touro Street house. This recording, by jazz historian Bill Russell of AM Records, marked the beginning of an extensive recording career for Nelson. In the 1950s, New Orleans French Quarter art gallery owner Larry Borenstein liked to go to the West Bank to hear the Kid Thomas Valentine band play in the evenings, but because he had to keep his art gallery at 726 Saint Peter Street open at night, his ability to hear jazz music was limited. As a result, Borenstein asked Kid Thomas Valentine to play jazz sessions, which he called "rehearsals", in order to avoid union trouble. In 1961, Barbara Reed went to Baton Rouge to get a charter for an organization named The Society for the Preservation of Traditional New Orleans Jazz. This charter gave them a nonprofit corporate license status as they could not afford the entertainment tax when Reed and Grayson Mills, among others, officially opened Preservation Hall in 1961. Later that year, Allan Jaffe took over Preservation Hall. Nelson also played at the Paddock Lounge and later at Dixieland Hall, both on Bourbon Street. Because of Preservation Hall, Nelson now had permanent work, exposure to a new audience, and was provided numerous opportunities for travel abroad as both a soloist and band member of the Billie and De De Pierce and Kid Thomas Valentine's bands. Noel Rockmore began his series of portraits of the musicians who played at the hall. Many adorned the hall, but jazz devotees who were art collectors such as John M. van Beuren (who maintained a residence in the building that housed the hall on the first floor), purchased the paintings for other residences, often in other parts of the country. van Beuren had a grand home built by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe in Morristown, New Jersey that had a living room large enough in which to hold private concerts while the band stayed at van Beuren's home when playing jigs in Manhattan. Two large Rockmore paintings, of Nelson and George Louis, dominated one end of that huge living room. Louis Nelson toured extensively from 1963, beginning with the George Lewis band in Japan, Eastern, Western Europe, South America, Australia, Canada, and Mexico, as well as the United States, until his death in 1990. Nelson appeared at every New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival until his death. He joined the Legends of Jazz. In 1981, Nelson received a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts where he developed a program in which he played for New Orleans public school students and discussed New Orleans jazz history. On April 5, 1990, Nelson died of injuries suffered from a March 27 hit-and-run automobile accident. The driver was never caught. Widely recorded, including music for the movie Pretty Baby starring Brooke Shields, Nelson also appeared in many New Orleans jazz documentaries, including Art Ford's House Party, Live the Jazz, Three Men of Jazz, and Till the Butcher Cut Him Down. References 1902 births 1990 deaths Jazz musicians from New Orleans American jazz trombonists Male trombonists 20th-century American musicians 20th-century trombonists People from Napoleonville, Louisiana 20th-century American male musicians American male jazz musicians Preservation Hall Jazz Band members
61350574	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura%20Lahtinen	Laura Lahtinen	Laura Lahtinen (born 3 June 2003) is a Finnish swimmer. She competed in the women's 400 metre freestyle and the women's 200 metre butterfly at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships. References External links 2003 births Living people Finnish female butterfly swimmers Place of birth missing (living people) Swimmers at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics Finnish female freestyle swimmers
64139540	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uma%20Kant%20Yadav	Uma Kant Yadav	Uma Kant Yadav is an Indian politician and a member of Bihar Legislative Assembly of India. Yadav was elected in 2003 by polls to fill the vacncy due to the death of Deo Narayan Yadav. He was again elected in 2010 as a member of Rashtriya Janata Dal from the Babubarhi constituency in the Madhubani district of Bihar. References Living people Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians Bihar MLAs 2010–2015 People from Madhubani district Bihar MLAs 2000–2005 Year of birth missing (living people)
36951218	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pishgam	Pishgam	Pishgam (, "pioneer") is an Iranian 300-kilogramme space capsule and associated rocket ( Kavoshgar-Pishgam "Explorer-Pioneer"), which launched containing rhesus monkey and is part of a series of Iranian rocket launches containing biological cargo intended as precursors to human spaceflight. Kavoshgar programme The sounding rocket plus return capsule combination are capable of undertaking a twenty-minute flight and reach a height of 120 km. This is a sub-orbital flight not similar to the Safir rocket which launched Omid, a domestically-built data-processing satellite into low Earth orbit. The objective is to prepare for manned space flight after 2020, by sending monkeys into space. The Iranian Space Agency said before the first launch that they had five adolescent rhesus monkeys from South East Asia. The monkey's health is checked before launch and the launch is intended to demonstrate that the life support systems work and that the monkey will land in good health. Earlier versions On February 3, 2010, ISA launched a Kavoshgar-3 (Explorer-3) rocket with one rodent, two turtles, and several worms into sub-orbital space and returned them to Earth alive. The rocket was enabled to transfer electronic data and live footage back to Earth. The Aerospace Research Institute (ARI) showed live video transmission of mini-environmental lab to enable further studies on the biological capsule. This was the first biological payload launched by Iran. On March 15, 2011, the ISA launched the Kavoshgar-4 (Explorer-4) rocket carrying a test capsule designed to carry a monkey but without living creatures on board. The sub-orbital flight reached an apogee of and landed from the launch site. It contained the equipment to house the monkey, without an actual monkey. September 2011 flight Kavoshgar-5 (Explorer-5), carrying a live monkey, was launched for a 20-minute sub-orbital flight in September 2011, however the mission failed. The capsule contained a rhesus monkey. On October 3, Iran indefinitely postponed further plans while scientists reviewed readiness for future missions. 28 January 2013 flight In May 2012, Iran announced that it would send more living creatures into space by the summer. On 1 August 2012 Hamid Fazeli from the Iranian Space Agency announced that the monkey would be launched after Ramadan, which ended on 19 August 2012. There were no subsequent announcements until December 2012 when it was said that the launch would be soon. On 28 January 2013 Iran announced that the launch has taken place on that day, which has religious significance as the birthday of Mohammed, known as Mawlid. Further details were not given except that the craft landed safely and the monkey survived. Later, on January 31, ISNA published a full video of the Pishgam Launch, from before the launch to reaching apogee and successful return of the monkey while the monkey remains conscious throughout the voyage. December 14, 2013 flight On December 14, 2013, Iran launched Kavoshgar-e Pazhuhesh (Kavoshgar 8) with a second monkey, named Fargam, on a suborbital flight. The monkey is retrieved successfully and safe, after the short 15 minute flight according to the full video of launch published by ISA website. See also Monkeys in space Iranian Crewed Spacecraft References Space program of Iran Solid-fuel rockets
28397143	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanouris%20Goundoulakis	Fanouris Goundoulakis	Fanouris Goundoulakis (; born 13 July 1983) is a Greek former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He now works as a scout for AEK Athens. He is one of the very few greek footballers who has a song dedicated to him. Club career Goundoulakis started playing professional football in 2000–01 at Kalamata F.C.In January 2004 he was transferred to Panionios and immediately got the basic position in the first team squad. He was a key member of the team during seasons (2006–07 and 2007–08) when they finished fifth in the championship with coach Ewald Lienen and participated in UEFA Cup and Intertoto Cup. It may not have frequent contact with the nets, but was especially dear to a purple platform because of militancy. In 2007, in an away match of the UEFA Cup group, achieved an amazing goal on Helsingborgs (score: 1–1), which is still remembered by fans of the club. He spent 9 years with the club, before he signed with Platanias. On 26 April 2016, Platanias officially announced the extension of experienced attacking midfielder' contract until the end of next season. Honours Egaleo Gamma Ethniki: 2018–19 References External links Profile at Onsports.gr 1983 births Living people Greek footballers Footballers at the 2004 Summer Olympics Olympic footballers of Greece Super League Greece players Panionios F.C. players Kalamata F.C. players Platanias F.C. players Greece under-21 international footballers AEK F.C. non-playing staff Association football midfielders
46736	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz%20Hollings	Fritz Hollings	Ernest Frederick "Fritz" Hollings (January 1, 1922April 6, 2019) was an American politician who served as a United States senator from South Carolina from 1966 to 2005. A conservative Democrat, he was also the 106th governor of South Carolina, the 77th lieutenant governor of South Carolina, and a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives. He served alongside Democrat turned Republican Senator Strom Thurmond for 36 years, making them the longest-serving Senate duo in history. At the time of his death, he was the oldest living former U.S. senator. Born in Charleston, South Carolina, Hollings graduated from The Citadel in 1942 and joined a law practice in Charleston after attending the University of South Carolina School of Law. During World War II, he served as an artillery officer in campaigns in North Africa and Europe. After the war, Hollings successively won election to the South Carolina House of Representatives, as Lieutenant Governor, and as Governor. He sought election to the Senate in 1962 but was defeated by incumbent Olin D. Johnston. Johnston died in 1965, and the following year Hollings won a special election to serve the remainder of Johnston's term. Hollings remained popular and continually won re-election, becoming one of the longest-serving Senators in U.S. history. Hollings sought the Democratic nomination in the 1984 presidential election but dropped out of the race after the New Hampshire primary. He declined to seek re-election in 2004 and was succeeded by Republican Jim DeMint. Early life Hollings was born in Charleston, South Carolina, the son of Wilhelmine Dorothea Meyer (1888–1982) and Adolph Gevert Hollings, Sr. (1882–1940). He was of German descent. Hollings was raised at 338 President St. in the Hampton Park Terrace neighborhood from age 10 until he enrolled in college. Education and personal life Hollings graduated from The Citadel in 1942, receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree. He achieved an LL.B. in 1947 after 21 months at the University of South Carolina, and joined a law practice in Charleston. Hollings was a member of the Pi Kappa Phi fraternity. He was married to Rita Liddy "Peatsy" Hollings from August 21, 1971, until her death in October 2012. He had four children (Michael, Helen, Patricia Salley, and Ernest III) with his first wife, Martha Patricia Salley Hollings, whom he married on March 30, 1946. He was a Lutheran. In addition, Fritz and Patricia had two sons who died. He served as an officer in the U.S. Army's 353rd and 457th Artillery units from 1942 to 1945, during World War II, and was awarded the Bronze Star for meritorious service in direct support of combat operations from December 13, 1944, to May 1, 1945, in France and Germany. He received the European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with five Bronze Service Stars for participation in the Tunisia, Southern France, Rome-Arno, and Central Europe Campaigns. Political career He served three terms in the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1949 to 1954. After only one term, Hollings's colleagues elected him Speaker Pro Tempore in 1951 and 1953. He was subsequently elected Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina in 1954, and Governor in 1958 at the age of 36. Governor of South Carolina As governor of South Carolina from January 20, 1959, to January 15, 1963, Hollings worked to improve the state's educational system, helping to bring more industry and employment opportunities to the state. His term in office saw the establishment of the state's technical education system and its educational television network. He also called for and achieved significant increases in teachers' salaries, bringing them closer to the regional average. At the 1961 Governor's Conference on Business, Industry, Education and Agriculture in Columbia, South Carolina, he declared, "Today, in our complex society, education is the cornerstone upon which economic development must be builtand prosperity assured." During Hollings's term as governor, the Confederate battle flag was flown above the South Carolina State House underneath the U.S. and state flags. The battle flag was placed over the dome in 1962 by a concurrent resolution of the state legislature during the commemoration of the Civil War centennial. The resolution failed to designate a time for its removal. In 2000 the state legislature voted to move the flag from above the state house to a Confederate soldiers' monument in front of the building, where it remained until 2015, when Republican governor Nikki Haley ordered it removed following the murders of nine black churchgoers by a Confederate sympathizer in the state earlier that year. In his last address to the General Assembly on January 9, 1963, ahead of the peaceful admission to Clemson University of its first black student, Harvey Gantt, Hollings declared: "As we meet, South Carolina is running out of courts... this General Assembly must make clear South Carolina's choice, a government of laws rather than a government of men... This should be done with dignity. It should be done with law and order." Hollings oversaw the last executions in South Carolina before the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Furman v. Georgia, which temporarily banned capital punishment. During his term, eight inmates were put to death by electric chair. The last was rapist Douglas Thorne, on April 20, 1962. He sought the Democratic nomination for a seat in the U.S. Senate in 1962 but lost to incumbent Olin D. Johnston. United States Senator Early Senate career Johnston died on April 18, 1965. Hollings's successor as governor, Donald S. Russell, resigned in order to accept appointment to the Senate seat. In the summer of 1966, Hollings defeated Russell in the Democratic primary for the remaining two years of the term. He then narrowly won the special election on November 8, 1966, against the Democrat-turned-Republican Marshall Parker, and was sworn in shortly thereafter. He gained seniority on other newly elected U.S. senators who would have to wait until January 1967 to take the oath of office. In 1967, he was one of eleven senators who voted against the nomination of Thurgood Marshall to become the first black justice on the U.S. Supreme Court. The following year, Hollings won the Senate seat for his first full term when he again defeated Marshall Parker but in this instance by a much wider margin. For thirty-six years (until January 2003), he served alongside Republican Strom Thurmond, making them the longest-serving Senate duo in the history of the United States to date. This also made Hollings the longest-serving junior senator, even though he had more seniority than all but a few of his colleagues. Thurmond and Hollings generally had a good relationship despite their sometimes sharp philosophical differences, and frequently collaborated on legislation and projects to benefit South Carolina. Their combined seniority gave South Carolina clout in national politics well beyond its relatively small population. Only Thurmond, Robert Byrd, Ted Kennedy, Daniel Inouye, Carl Hayden, John Stennis, Ted Stevens, Pat Leahy, Orrin Hatch, Chuck Grassley, and Thad Cochran have served longer in the Senate than did Hollings. In 1970, Hollings authored The Case Against Hunger: A Demand for a National Policy, acknowledging the Reverend I.D. Newman and Sister Mary Anthony for opening his eyes to the despair caused by hunger and helping him realize that he must do something about it. Hollings made headlines the year before when he toured poverty-stricken areas of South Carolina, often referred to as his "Hunger Tours". He was accused of drawing unwanted attention to South Carolina while other states, both northern and southern, also faced extreme poverty. Hollings knew South Carolina was not alone in its struggle and thought that if any politician was going to investigate hunger in South Carolina, it was going to at least be a South Carolinian. After a tour of an East Charleston slum, he said, "I don't want Romney and Kennedy coming here to look at my slums. As a matter of fact when I get caught up with my work, I think I may go look at the slums of Boston." For his efforts, Hollings was also accused of "scheming for the Negro vote". Hollings, who had seen plenty of white hunger and poverty and slums on his tours, responded, "You just don't make political points on hunger. The poor aren't registered to vote and they won't vote." In February 1969, however, Hollings testified as to what he had seen on his fact-finding tours in front of the Senate Select Committee on Hunger and Human Needs. Charleston's News and Courier (now The Post and Courier) reported that "Senators, members of the press corps and visitors packed in the hearing room watched and listened in disbelief as Hollings detailed dozens of tragically poignant scenes of human suffering in his state." Hollings recommended to the committee that free food stamps be distributed to the most needy, and just over a day later, Senator George McGovern announced that free food stamps would be distributed in South Carolina as part of a national pilot program for feeding the hungry. Hollings and his first wife separated in 1970 and divorced in 1971. Their children lived with their mother, and Hollings never discussed the reason for the divorce. Later that year, he married Rita Liddy "Peatsy" Hollings (born 1935), who was 13 years his junior. She had joined his administrative staff in 1967. It was her first and his second marriage. They were married 41 years until her death in 2012. In the 1970s, Hollings joined with fellow senators Kennedy and Henry M. Jackson in a press conference to oppose President Gerald Ford's request that Congress end Richard Nixon's price controls on domestic oil, which had helped to cause the gasoline lines during the 1973 Oil Crisis. Hollings said he believed ending the price controls (as was eventually done in 1981) would be a "catastrophe" that would cause "economic chaos". In February 1970, during a session of debate on federal aid to school districts serving children living in public housing units, Hollings asked New York Senator Jacob K. Javits if he would support the anti-busing amendment given that it was based on New York law. In September 1970, during a speech at the University of Georgia in Athens, Hollings declared that the United States could not afford such "leadership by political bamboozle", calling on Americans to ignore the voices of discord and unite for "meaningful changes" in society. Hollings said President Nixon had led the U.S. down a "clamorous road of drift and division" and criticized the "ranting rhetoric" of Vice President Spiro Agnew. Hollings attributed the principal blame for the disunity of the U.S. on special interest groups and "impatient minority blocs" that had shouted "non negotiable demands". Hollings linked former President Johnson and President Nixon with having both "attacked the politics of the problem rather than the problems themselves". In February 1971, Hollings introduced Ted Kennedy in Charleston, South Carolina, ahead of his remarks calling for an end to the Vietnam War. Hollings disclosed that Kennedy had sought his advice on how to answer reporters' questions regarding a possible presidential campaign and that Kennedy believed his visit would spark speculation on the part of reporters about a campaign regardless of what he said. In November 1971, Hollings announced his opposition to the nomination of Earl Butz for United States Secretary of Agriculture. In 1972, Hollings and Republican William Saxbe sponsored a resolution bestowing early United States recognition on Bangladesh as the Nixon administration sought a policy of delaying recognition until "there were commensurate diplomatic benefits to the United States." In 1977, Hollings was one of five Democrats to vote against the nomination of F. Ray Marshall as United States Secretary of Labor. In early 1979, United States Secretary of State Cyrus Vance sought permission from a Senate Appropriations subcommittee to transfer $2million in funds for the American Embassy to the new unofficial American Institute in Taiwan. Hollings was one of four members of the committee to oppose Vance's request during the latter's appearance before the subcommittee and Hollings later sent a letter to Vance declining the request. Hollings explained that "a smooth transition to unofficial relations may be threatened" in the event of funds not being transferred to the American Institute before the American Embassy in Taiwan ceased its function by its designated date of March 1. Hollings's opposition was considered unusual given that most requests were approved and State Department officials publicly stated their wishes for Hollings and his colleagues to drop their opposition in the face of Taiwan's reluctant agreement to setting up "nongovernmental body in Washington" that would serve as the counterpart to the American Institute in Taipei. Hollings opposed legislation in 1979 that would admit additional ethnic Chinese refugees amid increased concern regarding moves by the Vietnamese government. In August 1979, Hollings announced his opposition to the United States-Soviet Union nuclear arms treaty, saying the treaty should be defeated unless amended with a reduction of Soviet military power. His proposal was believed to stir Russian disapproval of the treaty if implemented. Hollings also made an unsuccessful attempt to persuade the Senate Budget Committee to add $2.6billion for a recommendation for military spending that would be included in Congress's second concurrent resolution on the budget. Presidential candidate Hollings unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in the presidential election of 1984. Hollings's wit and experience, as well as his call for a budget freeze, won him some positive attention, but his relatively conservative record alienated liberal Democrats, and he was never really noticed in a field dominated by Walter Mondale, John Glenn and Gary Hart. Hollings dropped out two days after losing badly in the New Hampshire Primary, and endorsed Hart a week later. His disdain for his competitors sometimes showed. He notably referred to Mondale as a "lapdog" and to former astronaut Glenn as a "Sky King" who was "confused in his capsule". Later Senate career On March 24, 1981, Hollings introduced legislation that if passed would restore the military draft with limited deferments and exemptions and stipulating that men aged 18 to 22 years old would be required to spend nine months of active service for basic training that potentially would precede reserve duty. Hollings's proposal granted deferments "to people on active duty, in the reserves or in advanced Reserve Officers Training Corps study; surviving sons or brothers of those killed in war or missing in action; conscientious objectors and ministers; doctors and others in vital health professions, and judges of courts of record and elected officials". Hollings stated that recruiting for the armed forces had fallen short of requirements by an estimated 23,000 people in 1979 and that he believed the draft applying to women "should be across the board" due to the issue continuing to be debated between the public and the courts. In 1981, Hollings apologized to fellow Democrat Howard Metzenbaum after Hollings referred to him as the "senator from B'nai B'rith" on the floor. Metzenbaum, who was Jewish, raised a point of personal privilege and Hollings's remarks were stricken from the record. In March 1985, the Senate Budget Committee approved a proposal sponsored by Hollings freezing military spending by not allowing any growth above inflation in fiscal year 1986 and bestowing three percent hikes in the following two years, Hollings after the vote saying that a pattern had been set for similar action on other budget items and predicted that the Budget Committee would also go against another Reagan administration supported position by freezing Social Security cost of living increases. On May 1, 1985, the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation rejected an amendment to a bill reauthorizing the Federal Communications Commission prohibiting public television stations from swapping channels with commercial stations, Hollings afterward stating that the vote was "a tragic abdication by Congress of its over 60-year-old responsibility to protect the public's interest in broadcasting". In October 1985, Hollings and Republicans Phil Gramm and Warren Rudman sponsored an amendment to establish a budget deficit ceiling that would decline to zero by 1991 that was attached to a bill raising the debt limit of the federal government by more than $250billion. The amendment was approved by a vote of 75 to 24 and was stated as a possible prelude to a balanced budget in five years without a tax increase by Secretary of the Treasury James Baker. During the 1988 Presidential primaries, Hollings endorsed Jesse Jackson. In October 1989, Hollings announced from his Washington office that he would request the General Accounting Office investigate efforts by the Federal Emergency Management Agency to provide timely assistance and funds to victims of Hurricane Hugo the previous month. Hollings charged FEMA with "stonewalling, fretting and filling out forms" and called on the federal government to become more active in trying to relieve areas devastated by Hurricane Hugo. In April 1990, Hollings planned the compiling of the Senate Budget Committee to vote on a cut in Social Security taxes, an idea initially forwarded at the end of the previous year by fellow Democratic senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan as a way of making Congress address what he considered to be a serious problem in the management of the Social Security trust funds. Hollings sought a revenue figure which reflected the $36billion tax cut through a rollback of Social Security payroll taxes increases that were scheduled to take effect January1 and confirmed he would ask his colleagues on the budget committee to remove the trust funds from the budget deficit calculation and vote on the 1991 budget including a $300billion deficit. Hollings's plan included a five percent value-added tax on goods and services in addition to a ten percent oil import fee as well as an increase in the top income tax rate to thirty-three percent among wealthiest taxpayers. The goal was considered an uphill battle where Hollings could be outmaneuvered in committee with parliamentary tactics that would result in the precluding of a straight up-or-down vote on the Social Security tax cut. Acknowledging this, Hollings said, "They may try to block me. But we will find a bill by God to cut Social Security taxes. There will be a vote." In January 1991, Hollings joined most Democratic senators in voting against a resolution authorizing war against Iraq. In 1993, Hollings told reporters he attended international summits because, "Everybody likes to go to Geneva. I used to do it for the Law of the Sea conferences and you'd find those potentates from down in Africa, you know, rather than eating each other, they'd just come up and get a good square meal in Geneva." Hollings had previously caused controversy when responding to Yoshio Sakurauchi's commentary that Americans are lazy and illiterate. Hollings replied, "You should draw a mushroom cloud and put underneath it, 'Made in America by lazy and illiterate Americans and tested in Japan'." Hollings remained very popular in South Carolina over the years, even as the state became increasingly friendly to Republicans at the national level. In his first three bids for a full term, he never dropped below sixty percent of the vote. In the 1992 election, however, he faced an unexpectedly close race against former Congressman Tommy Hartnett in what was otherwise a very good year for Democrats nationally. Hartnett had represented the Charleston area in Congress from 1981 to 1987, thus making him Hollings's congressman. His appeal in the Lowcountrytraditionally a swing region at the state levelenabled him to hold Hollings to only fifty percent of the vote. In his last Senate race in 1998, Hollings faced Republican congressman Bob Inglis. One of the more heated moments of the race was a newspaper interview in which Hollings referred to Inglis as a "goddamn skunk". Hollings was re-elected 52%–45%. On January 7, 2003, Hollings introduced the controversial Universal National Service Act of 2006, which would require all men and women aged 18–26 (with some exceptions) to perform a year of military service. By 2003, Hollings realized that no Democrat could win statewide office in South Carolina's current political climate—not even as entrenched an incumbent as himself. On August 4, 2003, he announced that he would not run for re-election in November 2004. Republican Jim DeMint succeeded him. In his later career, Hollings was moderate politically but was supportive of many civil rights bills. He voted for re-authorizing the Voting Rights Act in 1982. However, in 1967 he was one of the 11 senators who voted against the confirmation of Thurgood Marshall, the first black Supreme Court justice. Hollings later voted in favor of the failed nomination of Robert Bork and also for the successful nomination of Clarence Thomas. On fiscal issues, he was generally conservative, and was one of the primary sponsors of the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act, an attempt to enforce limits on government spending. Hollings and Howell Heflin of Alabama were the only two Democratic senators to vote against the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993. Entertainment industry As a senator, Hollings supported legislation in the interests of the established media distribution industry (such as the proposed "Consumer Broadband and Digital Television Promotion Act"). His hard-line support of various client-side computer restrictions such as DRM and Trusted Computing led the Fritz chip (Trusted Platform Module, a microchip that enforces such restrictions) to be nicknamed after him. Hollings introduced the SSSCA, a draft of the later CBDTPA, which would have mandated "manufacturers of all electronic devices and software to embed government approved copy protection technology in their products". Hollings also sponsored the Online Personal Privacy Act. According to OpenSecrets, between 1997 and 2002, Hollings received more than $300,000 from the entertainment industry. Hollings was referred to as the "Senator from Disney" for his lobbying on behalf of the entertainment industry, including industry groups like the RIAA and MPAA. Post Senatorial life and death In retirement, Hollings wrote opinion editorials for newspapers in South Carolina and was a regular contributor to the Huffington Post. His opinion editorials were also published every week in EconomyInCrisis.org, an independent protectionist news blog. In 2008, the University of South Carolina Press published Making Government Work, a book authored by Hollings with Washington, D.C., journalist Kirk Victor, imparting Hollings's view on the changes needed in Washington. Among other things, the book recommended a dramatic decrease in the amount of campaign spending. It also attacked free trade policies as inherently destructive, suggesting that certain protectionist measures built the United States and that only a few parties actually benefited from free trade, such as large manufacturing corporations. The Hollings Cancer Center at the Medical University of South Carolina, in Charleston, was established in 1993. Hollings started the Hollings Scholarship in 2005. It gave more than a hundred undergraduates from around the country a ten-week internship with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and a monetary scholarship for the school year. Hollings helped to establish the Hollings Center for International Dialogue, an organization which promotes dialogue between the United States and Turkey, the nations of the Middle East, North Africa, and Southwest Asia, and other countries with predominantly Muslim populations in order to open channels of communication, deepen cross-cultural understanding, expand people-to-people contacts, and generate new thinking on important international issues. Hollings was also on the board of advisors as a distinguished visiting professor of Law with the Charleston School of Law. He delivered the commencement address to the first graduating class there on May 19, 2007. On April 6, 2019, Hollings died at the age of 97 at his home in Isle of Palms, South Carolina, following a period of declining health. Former Vice President Joe Biden delivered the eulogy at his funeral. Electoral history See also Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) List of members of the American Legion References Sources Ballantyne, David T. New Politics in the Old South: Ernest F. Hollings in the Civil Rights Era (U of South Carolina Press, 2016). 206 pp Minchin, Timothy J., "An Uphill Fight: Ernest F. Hollings and the Struggle to Protect the South Carolina Textile Industry, 1959–2005", South Carolina Historical Magazine, 109 (July 2008), 187–211. External links Ernest F. Hollings Papers at South Carolina Political Collections at the University of South Carolina "Fritz Hollings: In His Own Words", an online collection of documents from the Papers of Fritz Hollings at the University of SC https://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/19/weekinreview/19bigp.html?_r=1&oref=slogin Center for Responsive Politics figures on Hollings's funding Salon article on the Online Personal Privacy Act LawMeme article about the Online Personal Privacy Act "Hollings's Harangue" NY Sun Article about the Howard Metzenbaum incident SCIway Biography of Ernest Frederick Hollings NGA Biography of Ernest Frederick Hollings \|- \|- \|- \|- \|- \|- \|- \|- \|- American people of German descent 1922 births 2019 deaths Governors of South Carolina Democratic Party state governors of the United States United States senators from South Carolina Democratic Party United States senators Members of the South Carolina House of Representatives Candidates in the 1984 United States presidential election 20th-century American politicians 21st-century American politicians South Carolina Democrats Politicians from Charleston, South Carolina United States Army officers United States Army personnel of World War II Military personnel from Charleston, South Carolina The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina alumni University of South Carolina alumni University of South Carolina trustees American Lutherans Burials in South Carolina 20th-century Lutherans
31316174	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario%20Esposito	Mario Esposito	Mario Esposito (7 September 1887 – 19 February 1975) was an Irish and Italian scholar who specialised in Hiberno-Latin studies. He was born in Dublin, the third of four children of Michele Esposito, an Italian, and Natalia Klebnikoff (1857–1944) who hailed from St. Petersburg. Michele was an influential music professor at the Royal Irish Academy of Music. The couple met in Naples, were married in London in 1879, and their oldest daughter was born in Paris, before the family settled in Ireland in 1882. The children were raised speaking English, German, Italian, French and Russian. The family were well known in the artistic and literary circles of Dublin and numbered James Joyce and Samuel Beckett among their acquaintances. The 1901 census lists the family living at 50 Serpentine Avenue in Dublin and renders Mario's first name as 'Marius'. In 1905 Esposito entered Trinity College Dublin and was awarded a BA in 1912. He was elected a member of the Royal Irish Academy in 1910. Much of his early researches were undertaken in the manuscript collections of Irish and British libraries. Esposito moved to Florence in 1920, a move which facilitated his, already advanced, work on Hiberno-Latin material in continental libraries and particularly in Italy and the Vatican. Although Esposito never held a formal academic post, his scholarly output was prolific. He published his first article (on Dicuil) in the Dublin Review at the age of eighteen and produced a steady stream of publications for much of the rest of his life. According to Michael Lapidge, Esposito "did more than any scholar before or since to appreciate and define Latin learning in medieval Ireland". In 1988 twenty of his publications were anthologised and published as Latin Learning in Mediaeval Ireland, in 1990 another sixteen as Irish books and learning in mediaeval Europe and in 2006 twenty more as Studies in Hiberno-Latin Literature. In the last decade of his life he suffered with poor eyesight. He never married and died in Florence, aged 87, and was cremated. Further reading J. Bowyer Bell, "Waiting for Mario: the Espositos, Joyce and Beckett", Éire-Ireland 30.2 (1995), pp. 7–26. Mario Esposito, Latin learning in mediaeval Ireland, ed. M. Lapidge (London, 1988), . Hubert Silvestre, "Mario Esposito: brève évocation de sa vie et de son oeuvre", Studi Medievali, 30 (1989), pp. 1–13. Michael Gorman, "Mario Esposito (1887–1975) and the study of the Latin literature of medieval Ireland", Filologia mediolatina, 5 (1998), pp. 299–322 References 1887 births 1975 deaths Alumni of Trinity College Dublin Members of the Royal Irish Academy Writers from Dublin (city)
5792861	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai%20Balang	Sungai Balang	Sungai Balang (Jawi: سوڠاي بالڠ; ) is a mukim in Muar District, Johor, Malaysia. It is located on Federal Route 5. Its name literally means Balang River. Sungai Balang also noted as a sanctuary of migratory birds stopover along its coast beside Parit Jawa. History The history of the town begins in 1886 when Ali bin Said, an Islamic scholar from Parit Sakai, was appointed Orang Kaya (noble lord) officer by Sultan Abu Bakar of Johor. Ali was sent by his father, Orang Kaya Said, the first Muar District headman (penghulu) appointed by Temenggong Ibrahim, to Mecca upon the completion of his religious study in Malacca at the age of 15. At that time, the resident of "Padang" area which also included the area of Parit Sakai up to Parit Samsu; with its administration centre in Parit Bakar, is said to have a common ('wakaf') house in Mecca in the "Village of Shuib Ali" in the 19th century. The house was to put the children of officers and dignitaries of Padang acquiring religious knowledge and studies upon the end of their study in Malacca. It was the wish of many peoples in Padang to send their children to further their study of religion in Mecca or Egypt so that they can become a pious and religious scholar. Some parents even accompanied their son during their study and stay until they died in the Holy Land in those days. According to an account, Orang Kaya Ali returned to Padang after his father Orang Kaya Said died in Mecca. He then demanded that the position the headman of Muar that was temporary given and being held by his cousin named Omar Junid acting in that position, during a time in the absence of the late Omar. However the request was rejected by Sultan Ali of Johor because his age is still young and unsuitable to hold the position of the headman, a position as the royal government officer and the Muar representative of the Sultan. To find solutions, Sultan Ali appointed him as a minister but the appointment failed to satisfy Ali and his followers because the position does not give any meaning in the administration in the region of Muar. Thus, disputes arose between the Ali's followers and Omar's supporters causing the two groups to fight and raise the flag of their group, red for Ali and white for Omar that continued for several months and forced the Sultan to come to Muar to handle and settle the situation between the followers of the two groups. To avoid bloodshed, the Sultan gave approval to the followers of Ali to open a new area in the southern part of Muar to enable Ali to be appointed headman. Orang Kaya Ali retreated to the south coast in the Malacca Strait riding a big boat weighing about one ton bringing together adequate ration of food for 30 days and 16 followers to find new areas suitable opening a villages. After landing in an area about 30 km from Muar, followers of Ali opened a village and planted various trees and crops like durian, 'talas' and paddy . Eventually the new villages were developed and became prospererous and famous across Muar. Ali along with his followers sailed along the coast of the Malacca Strait which was infested with a lot of pirates to the harvested crop to the sultan. The name "Sungai Balang" was immortalized for the village as the bravery and successes of Orang Kaya Ali and his followers opening the new areas and sailing along the coast to present the agricultural products had successfully eliminated piracy in the Malacca Strait which inspired Sultan Ali's decree in naming Sungai Balang after their courage against the pirates in the Malacca Straits which were considered as great prowess achieved only by warlords (Hulubalang in Malay). According to history, Mukim Sungai Balang was a gazetted areas including Sarang Buaya Kiri, Sarang Buaya Kanan and Sungai Balang and administered by a headman titled "Orang Kaya" and the two vice-headman. This administration ended in 1954 when the three areas were merged into a county (mukim) and given the name Mukim Sungai Balang. Among the historic reminiscences in Sungai Balang existing today is the grave of Orang Kaya Ali in the Muslim cemetery in the town and the village primary school named Sekolah Kebangsaan Orang Kaya Ali after the founder of Sungai Balang. One of the descendants of Orang Kaya Ali is his grandson who still living, Abdul Manaf bin Abu Bakar, owner of Toko Buku Manaf, the already closed famous bookstore in Jalan Abdullah, Muar. While the descendants of Orang Kaya Omar (headman Muar) is the cousin of Orang Kaya Ali, is the former Speaker of the Parliament-Dewan Rakyat, the late Tan Sri Mohamad Noah bin Omar, father of Tun Rahah Mohd Noah (the widow of Tun Abdul Razak, Malaysian 2nd Prime Minister and mother of Dato Seri Najib Abdul Razak, current Malaysian 6th Prime Minister) and Tun Suhaila Mohd Noah (the widow of Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysian 3rd Prime Minister and mother of minister Dato Seri Hishammuddin Hussein). Geography The mukim spans over an area of 99 km2. References External links A Recce of Parit Jawa and Sungai Balang Amazing Photos of Migratory Birds at Parit Jawa and Sungai Balang. Mukims of Muar District Towns, suburbs and villages in Muar
22616374	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310%20Scottish%20Premier%20League	2009–10 Scottish Premier League	The 2009–10 Scottish Premier League season was the twelfth season of the Scottish Premier League. Rangers were the defending champions and they retained the championship with three games to spare by winning 1–0 against Hibernian at Easter Road on 25 April. The competition began on 15 August 2009 and ended on 9 May 2010. Clubs Promotion and relegation from 2008–09 Promoted from First Division to Premier League St Johnstone Relegated from Premier League to First Division Inverness Caledonian Thistle Stadia and locations Personnel and kits Managerial changes Events 21 April – Inverness Caledonian Thistle won promotion to the Scottish Premier League as First Division champions following a 1–0 defeat for their nearest challengers Dundee against Raith Rovers. 25 April – Rangers clinch the championship by winning 1–0 against Hibernian at Easter Road. 5 May – The 6–6 draw between Motherwell and Hibernian at Fir Park breaks the SPL record for the most goals scored in a single SPL match. 8 May – Falkirk were relegated after goalless draw against Kilmarnock at Rugby Park. League table Results Matches 1–22 During their first 22 matches, each team played every other team home and away. Matches 23–33 During matches 23–33 each team played every other team once (either at home or away). Matches 34–38 After 33 matches, the table splits into two groups of six. Each team plays every team in their own half once (either at home or away) Top six Bottom six Attendances Source: SPL Goals Top scorers Sources: SPL BBC Hat-tricks 5 player scored 5 goals Awards Monthly awards Clydesdale Bank Premier League Awards References External links 2009–10 Scottish Premier League Season at ESPN Scottish Premier League seasons 1 Scot
37526416	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comte%20AC-11-V	Comte AC-11-V	The Comte AC-11-V was a 1930s Swiss three-seat cabin monoplane produced by Flugzeugbau A. Comte for aerial photography and mapping. The AC-11-V was a high-wing monoplane with a taikskid-conventional landing gear and powered by a Armstrong Siddeley Lynx radial engine. Design and development The enclosed cabin had side-by-side seating for a pilot and co-pilot (or mapping photography specialist). To allow easy access to the cabin the starboard seat folded to one side. Another moveable seat was mounted on rails running the whole length of the cabin; it could be locked in any position on the rails giving access to the side windows. A window was fitted between the pilots' seats to allow drift readings to be made and a further floor window aft allowed a vertical camera to be used. Operational history During the Second World War years one aircraft was used by the Swiss Air Force to make detailed maps of Switzerland. Specifications References Notes Bibliography See also 1930s Swiss civil utility aircraft AC-11
47361318	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Angus	Alan Angus	Alan "Pete" Angus (1912–1988) was an Australian racing cyclist. Australian professional cycling career The highlight of Angus's cycling career was twice winning the Australian national road race title, in 1936 and 1937, by winning the Blue Riband for the fastest time in the Warrnambool to Melbourne Classic. The popularity of the Warrnambool was such that the handicap for a rider is a measure of the cyclists standing at the time, with the scratch mark being referred to as the "mark of honour". Angus had a handicap of 36 minutes in 1930, where he finished 131st in a time of 10h 21' 25" and 31 minutes in 1931. From 1933 to the end of his career Angus was riding off scratch in the Warrnambool. In 1933 he could only finish 131st in a time of 7h 00' 00". In 1935 Angus lost 4 minutes due to a puncture and finished 140th. After winning in 1937 Angus announced that he intended to retire unless he was selected to ride in the Tour de France. As it transpired, neither eventuated however he didn't ride in the Warrnambool in 1938, missing several months of racing following an accident. In 1939 Angus was attempting to breakaway from his scratch markers when he pulled his foot out of the pedal strap, injured a tendon and was forced to slow down. Angus tasted early success in 1930 finishing 3rd in the Holland 50, a race with a handicap of 13 minutes. In 1931 he followed this up with 3rd in the Melbourne to Bendigo race over . Angus was a regular rider in the arduous Tour of Gippsland. He had a handicap of 24 minutes in 1930 but was unplaced, seventh in 1931 on a handicap of 26.5 min, won in 1933 off a handicap of 14 minutes, 2nd fastest time in 1936 riding off scratch in 1936, 2nd fastest time again in 1937 and fastest time in 1939. There was no Warrnambool in 1934 as the promoter, the Dunlop-Pedriau Rubber Co, had organised the Centenary 1000, a one-week race over seven stages covering . Angus was one of the 30 "A Grade" riders starting from scratch. He rode strongly in a difficult race and while he didn't finish in the top 3 on any stage, his consistency saw him finish in 6th place. Finishing the race was an achievement in itself, with many top riders unable to do so, including Hubert Opperman, Ern Milliken, Hefty Stuart and Ossie Nicholson. The difficulties included a blizzard on the fifth stage, causing the stage to be interrupted overnight at Mt Buffalo. Another race at which Angus performed well was the Barnet Glass Grand Prix. Angus was 4th in 1933 when the race was run from Melbourne to Ballarat and return, covering . In 1934 he finished 2nd and fastest time over the new route of from Melbourne to Preston via Marysville, Buxton and Alexandra. End of career Angus joined the Second Australian Imperial Force and was married on 16 March 1940 to Miss Alma Fraser prior to embarking for the war in Europe and the middle east. Angus died in Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital on 20 September 1988. Career highlights 1930 3rd Holland 50 1931 3rd Melbourne to Bendigo 7th Tour of Gippsland 1933 1st Tour of Gippsland 4th Melbourne - Ballarat - Melbourne 1934 2nd and Fastest time Barnet Glass Grand Prix 6th Centenary 1000 1936 2nd Fastest time Tour of Gippsland 1st Australian national road race title and Blue Riband in the Melbourne to Warrnambool Classic 1937 2nd Fastest time Barnet Glass Grand Prix 2nd Fastest time Tour of Gippsland 1st Australian national road race title and Blue Riband in the Melbourne to Warrnambool Classic 1939 1st Australian 100-mile championship 1st and Fastest Midlands tour Fastest time Tour of Gippsland References External links 1912 births Australian male cyclists 1988 deaths Australian Army personnel of World War II
26771362	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Duran%20%28photographer%29	Tony Duran (photographer)	Tony Duran is an American photographer. He is known for his photographs of celebrities and his work with male models. Duran is one of the most widely published photographers of celebrities. He has photographed a "virtual who's who of the Hollywood and fashion set." Widely revered in the fashion industry, Duran has been called both "genius" and "brilliant," and his work has been said to express "unrivaled artistic vision" Life Duran was born in Winona, Minnesota. He graduated from the University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire where he majored in art. Duran had an early success with photography when he photographed female students at the University of Minnesota. One of the photographs Duran took won the "Look of the Year Award." Tony Duran began his serious career as a photographer in Sydney where he met many important contacts. Duran's break into fame occurred when he photographed Jennifer Lopez for the cover of Glamour. After this photoshoot he became more widely known and respected. His home has a plaque in honor of Lopez that reads "This is the house that J. Lo built." Work Tony Duran's work has been published in many magazines such as GQ, Elle, Vanity Fair, Rolling Stone, Flaunt, Glamour, Kurv, Esquire and Arena. Additionally, Duran has photographed several leading celebrities. To name just a few, Duran has photographed the following: Beyoncé, Jennifer Lopez, Lindsay Lohan, Pamela Anderson, Natalie Portman, Kelly Clarkson, Rihanna, Jessica Simpson, Ashanti, Brad Pitt, Toni Braxton, Kate Beckinsale, Charlize Theron, Ashton Kutcher, Penélope Cruz, Alicia Keys, Orlando Bloom, Tom Cruise, Sandra Bullock, Scarlett Johansson, Britney Spears, Ben Affleck, Jude Law, Katie Holmes, Dane Cook, Jamie Foxx, and Kevin Spacey. Reputation Duran is known for photographing nude and semi-nude models. This has led to lists such as Trend Hunter's "12 most scandalous Tony Duran photos." He also uses strange imagery and props in his work. This has led to some mocking reviews. His work with Beyoncé was reviewed by The Daily Mirror as looking like something out of Star Trek. Additionally, Duran is known for using his history as a student of art in his photography. His lack of formal training as a photographer – and his formal training as an artist – allow him to "capture a sensual side not often revealed in his subjects." References External links UWEC article Vibe article Duran's Website Living people American photographers University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire alumni Artists from Minnesota People from Winona, Minnesota Year of birth missing (living people)
33576418	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Soderstrom	Mary Soderstrom	Mary Soderstrom (born 1942) is a novelist, short story and nonfiction writer. Career Her novel, The Violets of Usambara (Cormorant Books, March 2008), was supported by a grant from the Conseil des arts et des lettres du Québec which allowed her to do research in East Africa. That experience also shows up in her book Green City: People, Nature and Urban Places (Véhicule Press). Tanga, Tanzania, the gateway to the East Usambara Mountains, is one of the 11 cities she uses in Green City as points of departure for discussing the way people have brought nature into cities over history. This travel, as well as what she did for her non-fiction book The Walkable City: From Haussmann's Boulevards to Jane Jacobs' Streets and Beyond (Véhicule Press, 2008) prompted her to consider the role of the Portuguese over the last 700 years in the European exploration of the world. Their story lies at the heart of Making Waves: The Continuing Portuguese Adventure (Véhicule Press, Fall 2010). The University of Regina Press published her non-fiction chronicle entitled Frenemy Nations: Love and Hate between Neighbo(u)ring States in October 2019. The book was her sixteenth book, and sixth non-fiction work. Four years previously, Cormorant Books published her sixth novel River Music in May 2015. Her third short story collection, Desire Lines: Stories of Love and Geography, was published by Oberon Press in November 2013. It received a starred review in the January–February 2014 Quill and Quire: This collection is not to be missed," writes reviewer Joy Parks. In 2020, the University of Regina Press published Concrete: From Ancient Origins to a Problematic Future. Bibliography The Descent of Andrew McPherson, McGraw Hill-Ryerson Press, 1976 Maybe Tomorrow I'll Have a Good Time, Human Sciences Press, 1982 Endangered Species, Oberon Press, 1995. Finding the Enemy, Oberon Press, 1997. The Words on the Wall; Robert Nelson and the Rebellion of 1837, Oberon Press, 1998. The Truth Is, Oberon Press, 2000. Re-creating Eden: A Natural History of Botanical Gardens, Véhicule Press, 2001. After Surfing Ocean Beach, Dundurn, 2004 Green City: People, Nature and Urban Places, Véhicule Press, 2006 The Violets of Usambara, Cormorant Books, 2008 The Walkable City: From Haussmann's Boulevards to Jane Jacob's Streets and Beyond, Véhicule Press, 2008 Making Waves: The Continuing Portuguese Adventure, Véhicule Press, 2010 Desire Lines: Stories of Love and Geography, Oberon Press, 2013 River Music, Cormorant Books, 2013 Road through Time: The Story of Humanity on the Move, University of Regina Press, 2017 Frenemy Nations: Love and Hate between Neighbo(u)ring States, University of Regina Press, 2019 Concrete: From Ancient Origins to a Problematic Future, University of Regina Press, 2020 References External links Mary Soderstrom's blog Montreal Gazette: Swept up by River Music: Mary Soderstrom's new novel charts course of pioneering pianist Montreal Review of Books: Desire Lines Montreal Review of Books: Mary Soderstrom — The Roads We Build 1942 births Living people Canadian women novelists Canadian non-fiction writers Writers from Quebec Canadian women short story writers 20th-century Canadian short story writers 21st-century Canadian short story writers 21st-century Canadian women writers 20th-century Canadian women writers Canadian women non-fiction writers
65970194	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuquan%20Subdistrict%2C%20Dangyang	Yuquan Subdistrict, Dangyang	Yuquan Subdistrict () is a subdistrict in Dangyang, Hubei, China. , it administers Niangniangmiao Residential Community () and the following 15 villages: Yuquan Village Zilong Village () Heyi Village () Yanwumiao Village () Guanlingmiao Village () Xiongfeng Village () Guandaohe Village () Ganhe Village () Qingxi Village () Zaolin Village () Sanqiao Village () Liulin Village () Jinsha Village () Jiaodi Village () Baibaozhai Village () See also List of township-level divisions of Hubei References Township-level divisions of Hubei Dangyang
56763654	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20shipwrecks%20in%20July%201838	List of shipwrecks in July 1838	The list of shipwrecks in July 1838 includes ships sunk, foundered, wrecked, grounded, or otherwise lost during July 1838. 1 July 2 July 3 July 8 July 11 July 12 July 13 July 15 July 16 July 17 July 18 July 19 July 22 July 23 July 25 July 26 July 28 July 29 July 31 July Unknown date References 1838-07
6033157	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20Rosseter	Philip Rosseter	Philip Rosseter (1568 – 5 May 1623) was an English composer and musician, as well as a theatrical manager. His family seems to have been from Somerset or Lincolnshire, he may have been employed with the Countess of Sussex by 1596, and he was living in London by 1598. In 1604 Rosseter was appointed a court lutenist for James I of England, a position he held until his death in 1623. Rosseter is best known for A Book of Ayres which was written with Thomas Campion and published in 1601. Some literary critics have held that Campion wrote the poems for Rosseter's songs; however, this seems not to be the case. It is likely that Campion was the author of the book's preface, which criticizes complex counterpoint and "intricate" harmonies that leave the words inaudible. The two men had a close professional and personal relationship; when Campion died in 1620, he had named Rosseter his sole heir. Rosseter's lute songs are generally short, homophonic, with minimal repetition or word painting (imitating textual meanings through music), while at the same time being rich in musical invention. Rosseter's only other book was Lessons for Consort (1609) for a broken consort of bandora, cittern, lute, flute, and treble and bass viol, which contains arrangements of his own and others' music. Rosseter was also involved in the Jacobean theatre. In 1609 he and Robert Keysar became shareholders in a company of boy actors, the Children of the Chapel. The company had lost their royal patronage in 1606 as a result of their satire of Jacobean court scandals, but Rosseter was permitted to restore their former title, the Children of the Queen's Revels, in 1610. Rosseter remained connected to the Jacobean court during this period, performing in February 1613 for George Chapman's Masque of the Middle Temple and Lincoln's Inn. In 1614, the Children of the Queen's Revels' lease for Whitefriars Theatre expired, and Rosseter obtained a license from King James to build a new theatre at Porter's Hall, near the Blackfriars Theatre. Boundary changes brought the site within the City of London, however, where the lord mayor and aldermen strongly objected to the establishment of the theater. After a controversial trial in which Lord Chief Justice Coke found for the London authorities, the nearly-completed playhouse was demolished in 1617. Rosseter made attempts to operate the boy actors, now known as the Children of the Late Queen's Revels, as a touring company, but he withdrew as a shareholder by 1620, and the company disbanded shortly afterwards. A piece entitled Rosseter's Galliard by Giles Farnaby is included in the Fitzwilliam Virginal Book (no. CCLXXXIII), probably a setting of one of Rosseter's compositions. One of his compositions was used by Martin Shaw and then arranged by Mont Campbell to become 'Garden of Earthly Delights' on the album Arzachel by Prog Rock group Uriel in 1969. Footnotes References Campion, Thomas and Philip Rosseter. A booke of ayres, set foorth to be song to the lute, orpherian, and base violl (London, 1601), Early English Books Online (Retrieved 11 August 2013), (subscription access). Greer, David. "Philip Rosseter", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Retrieved 16 October 2006), grovemusic.com (subscription access). Halliday, F. E. A Shakespeare Companion 1564-1964, Baltimore, Penguin, 1964. Harwood, Ian. "Philip Rosseter", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Retrieved 11 August 2013), www.oxforddnb.com (subscription access). External links Video of "When Laura smiles" by Philip Rosseter performed by Valeria Mignaco, soprano & Alfonso Marin, lute Philip Rosseter performed by lutenist Brian Wright Music Collection in Cambridge Digital Library which contains early copies/examples of Rosseter's compositions 1560s births 1623 deaths English classical composers English lutenists English Baroque composers 16th-century English composers 17th-century English composers 17th-century classical composers English male classical composers 17th-century male musicians
22567020	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortalotrypeta	Ortalotrypeta	Ortalotrypeta is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae. Species The following species are included in the genus. Ortalotrypeta gansuica Ortalotrypeta gigas Ortalotrypeta idana Ortalotrypeta idanina Ortalotrypeta isshikii Ortalotrypeta macula Ortalotrypeta singula Ortalotrypeta tibeta Ortalotrypeta tonkinensis Ortalotrypeta trypetoides Ortalotrypeta ziae References Tachiniscinae Tephritidae genera
22131843	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phong%20L%E1%BA%A1c	Phong Lạc	Phong Lạc is a commune (xã) and village in Trần Văn Thời District, Cà Mau Province, in Vietnam. Populated places in Cà Mau province Communes of Cà Mau province
8371213	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr%20Tikhomirov	Aleksandr Tikhomirov	Aleksandr Andreyevich Tikhomirov (, – October 23, 1931) was a Russian zoologist. After graduating in the Saint Petersburg University and the Moscow University, Tikhomirov became a Professor of the latter and the director of the zoological museum attached to it. His major works, containing anti-darwinism, concern the anatomy, embryology and the physiology of silkworm. In 1886 Tikhomirov discovered the artificial parthenogenesis on the silkworm's grain. References Content of this page derives from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia article on the same subject. 1850 births 1931 deaths Saint Petersburg State University alumni Moscow State University alumni 19th-century Russian zoologists Rectors of Moscow State University 20th-century Russian zoologists
67751147	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena%20Cidade%20Moura	Helena Cidade Moura	Helena Cidade Moura (19242012) was a Portuguese teacher, researcher, activist, politician and poet, who played an important role in the struggle to overcome the Estado Novo dictatorship in Portugal. After the overthrow of the regime, she served as a deputy in the first three legislatures of the Assembly of the Republic. She is best remembered for the leading role she played in the literacy campaign carried out in Portugal after the 25 April 1974 Carnation Revolution. Early life Helena Tâmega Cidade Moura was born in 1924, the daughter of Professor Hernâni Cidade, a classical scholar, and Aida Tâmega. Both her parents originally came from the Alentejo region of Portugal. Moura studied Romance languages at the Faculty of Letters at the University of Lisbon. She became a major authority on the Portuguese writer José Maria de Eça de Queirós. Opposition to the Estado Novo Before the overthrow of the Estado Novo on 25 April 1974, Moura worked with institutions and initiatives of the so-called progressive Catholics. In the 1965 elections she was a signatory of the "Manifesto of the 101", which cited the social doctrine of the Catholic Church and papal encyclicals, such as Pacem in Terris, issued in 1963, to criticise the regime's policy. She was among those to protest about the 1967 closure of the Pragma cooperative, which was a Catholic organization opposed to the Estado Novo. Together with José Manuel Tengarrinha and Luís Catarino, Moura was one of the main leaders of the Portuguese Democratic Movement/Democratic Electoral Commissions (Portuguese: Movimento Democrático Português / Comissões Democráticas Eleitorais, MDP/CDE), which was one of the most important organizations of the democratic opposition to the Estado Novo. It was founded in 1969 as an electoral coalition meant to run in the undemocratic and widely manipulated parliamentary election of that year. Political activities Following the overthrow of the regime in 1974, Moura ran for election as a deputy, representing the MDP/CDE in the First Assembly in 1976, for the Porto constituency. She was re-elected in 1979 for Porto and in 1980 for Lisbon, serving until the fourth legislative elections in 1983. Literacy Moura devoted much of her time to education. Under the Estado Novo little had been done to overcome Portugal's high rate of illiteracy, and addressing this problem became a priority of the democratic governments that replaced it. In 1989, she was a co-founder of CIVITAS - Associação de Defesa e Promoção dos Direitos dos Cidadão (Association for the Defense and Promotion of Citizens' Rights) and she used this structure to launch her literacy campaign. Other activities In 1961, Moura served as a president of the Centro Nacional de Cultura (National Cultural Centre) in Lisbon. She promoted "Thursday conferences", which attracted distinguished guests. Much later, she also served on the General Council of the Mário Soares Foundation. Awards and honours Moura was awarded the rank of Grand Officer of the Order of Liberty of Portugal on 15 January 1998. Publications Despite Moura's love of the novelist Eça de Queirós, her own publications were of poetry rather than novels. Her three books of poetry were: 1954. O Mundo sem Limites (World without Limits). Da Autora, Lisbon. Poems. 47 pages. 1961. O Tempo e a Esperança (Time and Hope) with drawings by Nuno Siqueira. Poems. Livros de Portugal. 1963. Memória e ritual (Memory and Ritual). Ática, Lisbon In 1979, Moura published the Manual de Alfabetização (Literacy Manual). Caminho. Lisbon. Death Helena Cidade Moura died on 20 July 2012. She had been married to Domingos Moura (1920-2007), a university professor. They had six children. References Portuguese anti-fascists 1924 births 2012 deaths Portuguese Democratic Movement politicians University of Lisbon alumni Literacy advocates
42428631	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakhlan	Lakhlan	Lakhlan (name originated from Lakhi Jungle) is a community of eight villages(now left seven as no family of this clan is living in village Sudhiwas) in Behal tehsil, Bhiwani district, Haryana state, India. Behal is a nearby market for these villages. Lakhlan are Jat by caste and main occupation is agriculture. This community has passion of joining defence forces and contributing towards national security. Dada Bhomiya is the totem of this clan and a huge temple is built in village Patwan. Origin place of this clan is from Lakhi Jungle. This clan moved to village Patwan in around 1200 CE. The name of these eight villages as given below: Patwan Garwa Mithi Morka Sudhiwas (No family of this clan is living now in this village) Surpura Khurd Surpura Kalan Behal ki Dhaani A branch of this clan moved from Lakhi Jungle can be found in Kanwar Pura Village, Sirsa District, Haryana. References Villages in Bhiwani district
27545007	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elm%20Mills%2C%20Kansas	Elm Mills, Kansas	Elm Mills is an unincorporated community in Barber County, Kansas, United States. It is south of Sawyer. History A post office was opened in Elm Mills in 1878, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1893. References Further reading External links Barber County maps: Current, Historic, KDOT Unincorporated communities in Barber County, Kansas Unincorporated communities in Kansas
1328938	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleanor%20de%20Clare	Eleanor de Clare	Eleanor de Clare, suo jure 6th Lady of Glamorgan (3 October 1292 – 30 June 1337) was a powerful Anglo-Welsh noblewoman who married Hugh Despenser the Younger and was a granddaughter of Edward I of England. With her sisters, Elizabeth de Clare and Margaret de Clare, she inherited her father's estates after the death of her brother, Gilbert de Clare, 8th Earl of Gloucester, 7th Earl of Hereford at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314. She was born in 1292 at Caerphilly Castle in Glamorgan, Wales and was the eldest daughter of Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, 7th Earl of Gloucester, 5th Lord of Glamorgan and Princess Joan of Acre. De Clare inheritance As a co-heiress with her sisters Elizabeth de Clare (wife of Roger d'Amory), and Margaret de Clare (wife of Hugh Audley), in 1314 she inherited the de Clare estates including the huge feudal barony of Gloucester, following the death of her brother, Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Gloucester at the Battle of Bannockburn. The partition was not fully settled until 1317. During this period the family seat of Caerphilly Castle was held by the king under the stewardship of Payn de Turberville of Coity Castle. In protest against Turberville's mistreatment, the Welsh nobleman Llywelyn Bren and his supporters launched a surprise attack on 28 January 1316, and besieged Caerphilly Castle, which successfully held out under the command of "The lady of Clare" (almost certainly Eleanor) and a small garrison until relieved by Sir William Montacute on 12 March 1316. Marriage to Hugh Despenser the younger In May 1306 at Westminster, Eleanor married Hugh le Despenser the Younger, the son of Hugh le Despenser, Earl of Winchester by his wife Isabella de Beauchamp, daughter of William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick. Despenser thereby became Lord of Glamorgan. Her grandfather, King Edward I, granted Eleanor a dowry of 2,000 pounds sterling. Eleanor's husband rose to prominence as the new favourite of her uncle, King Edward II of England. The king strongly favoured Hugh and Eleanor, visiting them often and granting them many gifts. Eleanor's fortunes changed drastically after the invasion in September 1326 of Edward's estranged wife, Queen Isabella. and her lover, Roger Mortimer, who overthrew the King; two months later, her husband Hugh was convicted of high treason and subsequently hanged, drawn, and quartered. Issue By Despencer Eleanor had nine children: Hugh le Despenser (c. 1308/9 – 8 February 1349), Baron le Despenser, who was summoned to Parliament in 1338. At his death without issue, his nephew Edward, son of his brother Edward, was created Baron le Despenser in 1357. Edward le Despenser (c. 1310 – 30 September 1342), soldier, killed at the siege of Vannes; father of Edward Despenser, Knight of the Garter, who became Baron le Despenser in a new creation of 1357. Isabel le Despenser, Countess of Arundel (c. 1312 – aft. 1356), married, as his 1st wife, Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel. The marriage was annulled and their child, Edmund, was disinherited. Joan le Despenser (c. 1314 – 15 November 1384), nun at Shaftesbury Abbey Gilbert le Despenser (c. 1316 – April 1382). John le Despenser (c. 1317 – June 1366). Eleanor le Despenser (c. 1319 – February 1351), nun at Sempringham Priory Margaret le Despenser (c. August 1323 – 1337), nun at Whatton Priory Elizabeth le Despenser (c. December 1325 – 13 July 1389), married Maurice de Berkeley, 4th Baron Berkeley. Imprisonment In November 1326, Eleanor was confined to the Tower of London. The Despenser family's fortunes also suffered with the executions of Eleanor's husband and father-in-law. Eleanor and Hugh's eldest son Hugh le Despencer, Baron le Despencer (1308–1349), who held Caerphilly Castle against the queen's forces until the spring of 1327, was spared his life when he surrendered the castle, but he remained a prisoner until July 1331, after which he was eventually restored to royal favour. Three of Eleanor's daughters were forcibly veiled as nuns. Only the eldest daughter, Isabel, and the youngest daughter, Elizabeth, escaped the nunnery, Isabel because she was already married and Elizabeth on account of her infancy. In February 1328 Eleanor was freed from imprisonment. In April 1328, she was restored to possession of her own lands, for which she did homage. Marriage to William de la Zouche In January 1329 Eleanor was abducted from Hanley Castle by William la Zouche, 1st Baron Zouche of Mortimer, who had been one of her first husband's captors and who had led the siege of Caerphilly Castle. The abduction may in fact have been an elopement; in any case, Eleanor's lands were seized by King Edward III, and the couple's arrest was ordered. At the same time, Eleanor was accused of stealing jewels from the Tower of London. Sometime after February 1329, she was imprisoned a second time in the Tower, and was later moved to Devizes Castle. In January 1330 she was released and pardoned after agreeing to sign away the most valuable part of her share of the lucrative Clare inheritance to the crown. She could recover her lands only on payment of the enormous sum of 50,000 pounds in a single day. Within the year, however, the young future King Edward III (Eleanor's first cousin) overthrew Queen Isabella's paramour, Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, and had him executed. Eleanor was among those who benefited from the fall of Mortimer and Isabella. She petitioned Edward III for the restoration of her lands, claiming that she had signed them away after being threatened by Roger Mortimer that she would never be freed if she did not. In 1331 Edward III granted her petition "to ease the king's conscience" and allowed her to recover the lands on the condition that she should pay a fine of 10,000 pounds, later reduced to 5,000 pounds, in instalments. Eleanor made part-payments of the fine, but the bulk of it was outstanding at her death. Eleanor's troubles were by no means over, however. After Eleanor's marriage to Zouche, John de Grey, 1st Baron Grey de Rotherfield claimed that he had married her first. In 1333 Grey was still attempting to claim marriage to Eleanor; the case was appealed to the Pope several times. Ultimately, Zouche won the dispute and Eleanor remained with him until his death in February 1337, only a few months before Eleanor's own death. By Zouche Eleanor had one child: William de la Zouche, born 1330, died after 1360, a monk at Glastonbury Abbey. Tewkesbury Abbey Renovations Hugh le Despenser the younger and Eleanor are generally credited with having begun the renovations to Tewkesbury Abbey, a foundation of her ancestors, which transformed it into one of the finest examples of the decorated style of architecture surviving today. The famous fourteenth-century stained-glass windows in the choir, which include the armour-clad figures of Eleanor's ancestors, brother and two husbands, were most likely Eleanor's own contribution, although she probably did not live to see them put in place. The naked kneeling woman watching the Last Judgment in the choir's east window may represent Eleanor. Ancestry Fictional portrayals Eleanor is a supporting character in Les Rois maudits (The Accursed Kings), a series of French historical novels by Maurice Druon. She was portrayed by Florence Dunoyer in the 1972 French miniseries adaptation of the series, and by Angèle Humeau in the 2005 adaptation. Eleanor features in the 1975/1976 two-part novel, Feudal Family: The De Clares of Gloucester, by Edith Beadle Brouwer. She is the heroine of Susan Higginbotham's 2005 historical novel The Traitor's Wife: A Novel of the Reign of Edward II. References Sources Altschul, Michael, A Baronial Family in Medieval England: The Clares Mary Anne Everett Green, Lives of the Princesses of England Roy Martin Haines, King Edward II Richard K. Morris and Ron Shoesmith, Tewkesbury Abbey: History, Art, and Architecture Pugh, T. B., ed., vol. 3, Glamorgan County History Rees, William, Caerphilly Castle and Its Place in the Annals of Glamorgan Underhill, Frances. For Her Good Estate: The Life of Elizabeth de Burgh Calendar of Close Rolls Calendar of Fine Rolls Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers Relating to Great Britain and Ireland Calendar of Patent Rolls The Parliament Rolls of Medieval England (CD-ROM version), ed. by C. Given-Wilson, et al. A genealogical survey of the peerage of Britain as well as the royal families of Europe Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis, Lines: 8-30, 8-31, 39-32, 74-32 1292 births 1337 deaths 13th-century English nobility 14th-century English nobility 13th-century English women 14th-century English women Daughters of British earls Eleanor Le Despenser family Burials at Tewkesbury Abbey Lords of Glamorgan
54306680	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian%20Small%20Islands%20Directory	Indonesian Small Islands Directory	Indonesian Small Islands Directory (Direktori Pulau-pulau Kecil Indonesia) is a web directory that lists small islands of Indonesia. Established by 2007 Law 27 (Undang-Undang 27 Tahun 2007), it covers islands up to area of 2,000 km2 and their surrounding marine ecosystem. The directory is managed by Direktorat Pendayagunaan Pulau-Pulau Kecil, Direktorat Jenderal Pengelolaan Ruang Laut, Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, Republik Indonesia. The database also is important in quantifying the long term task of verifying how many islands exist in Indonesia. Difficulties in ascertaining information about the smaller islands of the Indonesian archipelago has been a serious long term issue - and the database is part of governmental efforts to verify and determine the issue. See also List of Indonesian islands by area List of Indonesian islands by population List of outlying islands of Indonesia References External links Directory Islands of Indonesia Online databases
744438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartland%20Conference	Heartland Conference	The Heartland Conference was a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)'s Division II level, which was founded in 1999. The majority of members were in Texas, with additional members in Arkansas, Kansas, and Oklahoma. The conference office was located in Waco, Texas. History The conference was formed in 1999 by founding members Drury University, University of the Incarnate Word, Lincoln University, Rockhurst University, St. Edward's University, St. Mary's University and Texas Wesleyan University. Oklahoma Panhandle State University and Dallas Baptist University joined in 2002. Founding members Drury and Rockhurst left the Heartland Conference to join the Great Lakes Valley Conference (GLVC) in 2005. Western New Mexico University and Montana State University - Billings joined in 2005. However, WNMU re-joined the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference in 2006 and MSUB joined the Great Northwest Athletic Conference in 2007. Newman University, Texas A&M International University and the University of Texas of the Permian Basin joined the conference in 2006, making the transition from NAIA to NCAA Division II. The University of Arkansas - Fort Smith joined the conference in the Fall of 2009 after transitioning from the NJCAA. In the fall of 2010, Lincoln left for the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association and Incarnate Word left for the Lone Star Conference. In July 2011, McMurry University announced that it had been accepted as candidate for D-II membership and would join the Heartland Conference in the fall of 2012. In February 2012, Oklahoma Christian University announced its intention to seek membership in NCAA Division II. In Spring 2012, Rogers State University, a member of the NAIA Sooner Athletic Conference, applied for membership. The conference confirmed in July 2012 that Oklahoma Christian's teams would play full conference schedules starting in Fall 2012 and that Rogers State and Lubbock Christian University would begin conference play in 2013-14. On August 30, 2017, the Lone Star Conference announced that eight of the nine members of the Heartland Conference would join in fall 2019; the remaining member, Newman, announced it would seek other affiliation at that time. On February 8, 2018, Newman announced that it would become an associate member of the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association beginning in the 2019–20 season. On October 18, 2018 Rogers State decided to join the MIAA instead of the Lone Star. Member schools Final members Final affiliate members Notes Prior full members Membership timeline Sports Dallas Baptist's baseball team competed in NCAA Division I for much of its Heartland Conference tenure. At the time the league disbanded, the Patriots were single-sport members of the Missouri Valley Conference. The Heartland Conference sponsored 13 sports, seven for women and six for men. Men's sponsored sports by school Women's sponsored sports by school Other sponsored sports by school ‡ — D-I sport National championships Arkansas-Fort Smith (as Westark Junior College) won the 1981 National Junior College Athletic Association (NJACC) men's basketball national championship. St. Mary's won NAIA national championships in Softball (1986) and Men's Basketball (1989). St. Mary's Men's Golf team was named the Golf Coaches Association of America 2008-2009 Academic National Champions, which St. Mary's treats as a fifth team national. Dallas Baptist won the 2003 National Christian College Athletic Association Baseball national championship. Lubbock Christian won NAIA national championships in Baseball (1983 & 2009) and Softball (2008). References External links Sports in Laredo, Texas Sports organizations established in 1999 1999 establishments in the United States Sports leagues disestablished in 2019
47037130	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arenas%2C%20Panama	Arenas, Panama	Arenas is a corregimiento in Mariato District, Veraguas Province, Panama with a population of 663 as of 2010. Its population as of 1990 was 1,459; its population as of 2000 was 1,163. References Corregimientos of Veraguas Province
11933527	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berka%20vor%20dem%20Hainich	Berka vor dem Hainich	Berka vor dem Hainich is a municipality in the Wartburgkreis district of Thuringia, Germany. Nearby is the site of an early historical fortification known as the Alte Burg. The music theorist Eckehard Kiem (1950–2012) was born in Berka. References Wartburgkreis Bezirk Erfurt
63622528	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce%20Bryant	Bruce Bryant	Bruce Bryant may refer to: Bruce M. Bryant (born 1951), member of the South Carolina House of Representatives Bruce S. Bryant (born 1961), former member of the Maine Senate
68418345	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malak%20Hamza	Malak Hamza	Malak Hamza (born 5 November 2001) is an Egyptian trampoline gymnast. She competed in the 2020 Summer Olympics. References 2001 births Living people Egyptian female trampolinists Gymnasts at the 2020 Summer Olympics Olympic gymnasts of Egypt Sportspeople from Giza
25468448	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andara%C3%AD	Andaraí	Andaraí is a municipality in the state of Bahia in the North-East region of Brazil. See also List of municipalities in Bahia References Municipalities in Bahia
52896356	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebula%20Awards%2032	Nebula Awards 32	Nebula Awards 32 is an anthology of science fiction short works edited by Jack Dann. It was first published in hardcover and trade paperback by Harcourt Brace in April 1998. Summary The book collects pieces that won or were nominated for the Nebula Awards for novella, novelette and short story for the year 1997, a profile of 1997 Grand Master award winner Jack Vance with a representative early story by him, and various other nonfiction pieces related to the awards, together with the Rhysling Award-winning poems for 1996 and an introduction by the editor. Not all nominees for the various awards are included, and one of the novella nominees included was actually for the 1996 award. Contents "Introduction" (Jack Dann) "Keeping Up" [essay] (Elizabeth Hand) "Must Have Been Something I Ate" [essay] (Lucius Shepard) "Interactive Science Fiction: 1996" [essay] (Keith Ferrell) "The British Scene" [essay] (Ian Watson) "The Road to 1996" [essay] (Sean McMullen and Terry Dowling) "Who Is Killing Science Fiction?" [essay] (Norman Spinrad) "Abandoned Cities" [essay] (Robert Frazier) "Must and Shall" [Best Novelette nominee, 1997] (Harry Turtledove) "In the Shade of the Slowboat Man" [Best Short Story nominee, 1997] (Dean Wesley Smith) "Da Vinci Rising" [Best Novella winner, 1997] (Jack Dann) "Variants of the Obsolete" [Rhysling Award - Best Long Poem winner, 1996] (Margaret Ballif Simon) "Future Present: A Lesson in Expectation" [Rhysling Award - Best Short Poem winner, 1996] (Bruce Boston) "A Birthday" [Best Short Story winner, 1997] (Esther M. Friesner) "The Chronology Protection Case" [Best Novelette nominee, 1997] (Paul Levinson) "Jack Vance: Grand Master of Science Fiction and Fantasy" [essay] (Robert Silverberg) "My Friend Jack" [essay] (Terry Dowling) "The Men Return' [short story] (Jack Vance) "Yaguara" [Best Novella nominee, 1996] (Nicola Griffith) "Science Fiction Films of 1996" [essay] (Bill Warren) "Five Fucks" [Best Short Story nominee, 1997] (Jonathan Lethem) "Lifeboat on a Burning Sea" [Best Novelette winner, 1997] (Bruce Holland Rogers) "Selected Titles from the 1996 Preliminary Nebula Ballot" (uncredited) "Past Nebula Award Winners" (uncredited) "About the Science-Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America" (uncredited) Reception Kirkus Reviews calls the anthology one to "read [and] enjoy. Just don't mention 'franchising' if Norman Spinrad's within earshot." (His piece "gets hissy about authors who rent out their creations.") The fictional offerings are briefly noted, with most comment reserved for the essays; Warren "heroically watched all the year's movies," Shepard "gloomily records the death of literary science fiction," and Hand "growls that fiction itself has become 'a barrio of the entertainment industry.'" The collection was also reviewed by Faren Miller and Gary K. Wolfe in Locus no. 447, April 1998, Brian Stableford in The New York Review of Science Fiction, July 1998, and David A. Truesdale in SF Site, June 1998. Awards The anthology placed ninth in the 1999 Locus Poll Award for Best Anthology. Notes Nebula 32 1998 short story collections Science fiction anthologies Jack Dann anthologies Harcourt (publisher) books
16437915	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar%20Hayes	Edgar Hayes	Edgar Junius Hayes (May 23, 1902 – June 28, 1979) was an American jazz pianist and bandleader. Born in Lexington, Kentucky, United States, Hayes attended Wilberforce University, where he graduated with a degree in music in the early 1920s. In 1922, he toured with Fess Williams, and formed his own group, the Blue Grass Buddies, in Ohio in 1924. In 1925, he played with Lois Deppe, and later in the decade led the groups Eight Black Pirates and the Symphonic Harmonists. From 1931 to 1936, Hayes played in and arranged for the Mills Blue Rhythm Band. From 1937 to 1941, Hayes again led his own orchestra; Kenny Clarke was among his sidemen. His most popular recording was a version of the song "Stardust" and the original recording of "In the Mood" which was later covered by Glenn Miller, both songs were recorded in 1938. He moved to California in 1942, and led a quartet there for most of the decade. Following this he played solo, continuing to perform live into the 1970s. Hayes recorded under his own name in 1937-38, 1946, 1947, 1948, and 1960. He died in San Bernardino, California, in 1979. References Footnotes General references Scott Yanow, [ Edgar Hayes] at AllMusic 1902 births 1979 deaths Musicians from Lexington, Kentucky American jazz pianists American male pianists American jazz bandleaders Jazz musicians from Kentucky 20th-century American pianists 20th-century American male musicians American male jazz musicians Mills Blue Rhythm Band members
57269153	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudanarta%20exasperata	Pseudanarta exasperata	Pseudanarta exasperata is a species of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America. The MONA or Hodges number for Pseudanarta exasperata is 9609. References Further reading Xylenini Articles created by Qbugbot Moths described in 1941
45289914	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bemposta%20Dam	Bemposta Dam	Bemposta Dam () is a concrete arch dam on the Douro, where the river forms the national border line between Spain and Portugal. It is located in the municipality Mogadouro, in Bragança District, Portugal. Construction of the dam began in 1957. The dam was completed in 1964. It is owned by Companhia Portuguesa de Produção de Electricidade (CPPE). Dam Bemposta Dam is an (height above foundation) and arch dam with a crest altitude of 408 m. The volume of the dam is 316,000 m³. The dam contains four crest spillways (maximum discharge 11,500 m³/s) and one bottom outlet (maximum discharge 200 m³/s). Reservoir At full reservoir level of 402 metres the reservoir of the dam () has a surface area of 4.05 km2 and its total capacity is 129 mio. m³ (active capacity 20 mio. m³). Power plant The power plant is a run-of-the-river hydroelectric power station. It is owned by CPPE, but operated by EDP. Bemposta I Bemposta I has a nameplate capacity of 240 (210)MW. Its average annual generation is 924.1 (918, 1,034 or 1,086) GWh. The power station contains three Francis turbine-generators with 79.5 (70) MW each in an underground powerhouse. The turbine rotation is 150 rpm. The minimum hydraulic head is 59 m, the maximum 71 m. Maximum flow per turbine is 152 m³/s. Bemposta II In January 2008 construction began on the Bemposta II power plant. In December 2011 work on an additional underground powerhouse was completed and a further Francis turbine with a 191 MW capacity went online. Its average annual generation is 134 GWh. See also List of power stations in Portugal References Dams in Portugal Hydroelectric power stations in Portugal Arch dams Dams completed in 1964 Energy infrastructure completed in 1964 1964 establishments in Portugal Buildings and structures in Bragança District Underground power stations Dams on the Douro River Portugal–Spain border
41837317	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let%20It%20Be%20with%20You	Let It Be with You	"Let It Be with You" is a song by British musician Belouis Some, released as a single from his 1987 self-titled second album. The song reached No. 53 on the UK Singles Chart, and No. 13 on the U.S. Hot Dance Club Play chart. Two music videos were filmed to promote the single, with the UK and European version being shot in London. The North American version was shot in New York, directed by Willie Slax and produced by Julian Ludlow for 4-D Productions. It achieved breakout rotation on MTV. Critical reception Upon release, Cash Box listed the single as one of their "feature picks" during June 1987. They described the song as a "danceable, feverish single". Billboard wrote: "Some must have been listening to a few Chic records; R&B dance base is complemented with lyrical and vocal insolence." In a review of Belouis Some, Ernie Long of The Morning Call described the song as a "sensuous R&B cut which retain[s] a funky, jazzy feel". Chart performance References 1987 singles Belouis Some songs 1987 songs Parlophone singles Song recordings produced by Gary Langan Songs written by Belouis Some
6989371	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let%27s%20Ride%20%28Montell%20Jordan%20song%29	Let's Ride (Montell Jordan song)	"Let's Ride" is the lead single released from Montell Jordan's third album of the same name. The song was produced by Teddy Bishop, arranged by R&B singer Case and featured verses from American rappers Master P and Silkk the Shocker. "Let's Ride" became a huge hit in 1998, making it to #2 on the Billboard Hot 100, held from the #1 spot by K-Ci & JoJo's "All My Life". The song also spent three non-consecutive weeks at #1 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks, becoming his second most successful single after 1995's "This Is How We Do It". "Let's Ride" was certified platinum by the RIAA on April 22, 1998 for individual sales of over 1,000,000 copies. The song was sent to radio stations on February 17, 1998. Single track listing A-Side "Let's Ride" (Radio Edit)- 3:47 B-Side "Let's Ride" (LP Version)- 4:51 "Let's Ride" (Instrumental)- 4:51 Charts and certifications Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications \|} See also List of number-one R&B singles of 1998 (U.S.) References 1998 singles Music videos directed by Joseph Kahn Montell Jordan songs Master P songs Silkk the Shocker songs Songs written by Montell Jordan
53631281	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Lynch%20%28musician%29	Richard Lynch (musician)	Richard Lynch (born December 5, 1962 in Lebanon, Ohio) is an American country music singer/songwriter with a successful career that has lasted over three decades. Lynch’s highest-charting single “A Better Place” topped the New Music Weekly AM/FM country chart, the IndieWorld Country Record Report and spent 32 weeks on top of the Roots Music Report True Country chart. Lynch is a member of the Independent Country Music Hall of Fame. Life and career Lynch was born in Lebanon, Ohio and raised on a 110 acre farm that his family operated. From his father Woody Lynch, an established local musician, Richard inherited the love for country music and lifestyle. At the age of 13 Richard picked up the guitar and learned to play. By the age of 15 he got his first gig at a wedding reception. At the age of 18 he organized his own band (the Renegade Band later renamed the Richard Lynch Band) and has been successfully recording and touring ever since. Lynch refers to his music as "pure country, showcasing elements of western swing, honky tonk and outlaw country". His style is influenced by classic American country artists like Keith Whitley, Conway Twitty and George Strait. In January 2017 Lynch collaborated with Ronnie McDowell on a military tribute duet "Love Tattoo". On April 1, 2017 Lynch's third studio album "Mending Fences" was released via an independent record label, Fence Row Records The album features a duet with a bluegrass singer Rhonda Vincent. Lynch co-hosts “Traditionally Lynch” show on Renegade Radio Nashville. Lynch is also an accomplished designer and builder of barns. He resides in Waynesville, Ohio with his wife Donna. Discography Albums Achievements and awards January 1, 2019 Lynch was inducted into the Ohio Country Music Hall of Fame Lynch was nominated as Best Male Country Artist by the Independent Country Music Association (2014) Album "A Better Place" was named the Pure Country Album of the Year by the Academy of Western Artists (2015) The Richard Lynch Band was named the Traditional Country Band of the Year by the Josie Awards (2015) As a founder of Love Tattoo Foundation, Lynch was named the Humanitarian of the Year by the Josie Awards (2015) The Richard Lynch Band was named the Traditional Country Band of the Year by the Josie Awards (2015) Single "She's Got Me Drinkin' Again" was named the Song of the Year by CMG Global Radio (2015) Single "A Better Place" was named No. 1 True Country Song by Roots Music Report (2016) Single "She's Got Me Drinkin' Again" (a duet with Billy Yates) was nominated as Best “New Group/Duo” for the New Music Awards (2016) 2017 Richard Lynch receives seven nominations for the Annual Josie's Awards. Traditional Male Country Artist, Traditional Country Male Vocalist, Video of The Year "We're American Proud, Traditional Country Song of The Year "Cut & Paste", Traditional Country Album of The Year "Mending Fences", Salute to America Song of The Year "We're American Proud", Traditional Country Entertainer of The Year. http://www.josiemusicawards.com/ References External links Official website 1962 births American country singer-songwriters American male singer-songwriters Living people Singer-songwriters from Ohio People from Lebanon, Ohio People from Waynesville, Ohio Country musicians from Ohio
66183208	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nand%20%28TV%20series%29	Nand (TV series)	Nand () is a Pakistani soap series aired on ARY Digital from 4 August 2020 to 13 April 2021. It is produced by Fahad Mustafa under Big Bang Entertainment. It stars Javeria Saud, Minal Khan, Aijaz Aslam and Shahroz Sabzwari and Faiza Hasan. Plot Nand is a drama surrounded by emotions. The story revolves around family issues. Gohar is the of Rabi. Saqib is the younger brother of Gohar and the husband of Rabi. Gohar cannot stand Rabi in her brother's life. She creates issues in their married life. Jahangir is the brother-in-law of Saqib and husband of Gohar that later marries Rabi. Cast Faiza Hasan/Javeria Saud as Gohar Minal Khan as Rabi Shehroz Sabzwari as Saqib Aijaz Aslam as Jahangir Sumbul Shahid as Nasreen (dead) Ayaz Samoo as Hasan Minsa Malik as Afshan Aamna Malick as Gul Rukh, Hasan's second wife Saima Qureshi as Naima, Gul Rukh's mother Tipu Shareef as Rabi's brother (dead) Mehwish Qureshi as Muneeza Bhabhi, Rabi's sister-in-law Maha Hasan as Farwa, Hasan's ex-wife Hamzah Tariq Jamil as Shahzaib Mahrunnisa as Sundas Nabeela Khan as Amna Kamran Jilani as Dilawar Ali Shah, Gohar's husband Mirza Rizwan Nabi as Khurram, Sundus's husband Production Previously titled , the serial was first announced by Khan through her instagram account in February 2020. The television series was first planned to be a 30 episode finite series and was supposed to air on the 8PM prime time slot but few months before airing the channel shifted the serial to a Soap drama airing 4 days a week (Mon-Thurs 7PM). The first teaser of the series was released on 25 July 2020. Due to extraordinary response, the serial was extended and the cast came back to shooting to start the extension storyline. However, Faiza Hassan quit the series and then the makers decided to call her for a small cameo role to grandly end her role. Faiza Hassan was later replaced by Javeria Saud, who played Nand in the extension storyline. Minal Khan also quit the serial due to her father's death but her character wasn't replaced, it was simply sidelined. In March 2021, it was announced that the series will go off air before Ramadan 2021 and the last episode will be air on 13 April 2021. Reception Nand opened up with average ratings around 2.5 but soon increased to 4.0. Gradually, the ratings increased and had reached TRPs of 10 and higher. It was also criticised for its over-melodramatic story and re-entry of the main protagonist after plastic surgery. The high ratings continued for the serial in 2020 and early 2021, however in February 2021 ratings declined slowly due to excessive dragging in the storyline but the serial still managed to keep its position as slot leader. Awards and nominations References Pakistani drama television series ARY Digital original programming 2020 Pakistani television series debuts Urdu-language television shows
33589472	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIQI-FM	CIQI-FM	CIQI-FM is a French-language Canadian radio station located in Montmagny, Quebec. The station has an hot adult contemporary format and broadcasts on 90.3 MHz using a directional antenna with an average effective radiated power of 17,460 watts and a peak effective radiated power of 41,600 watts (class B). CIQI-FM is owned and operated by Groupe Radio Simard. The station was authorized by the CRTC on August 26, 2008, and only began testing on June 24, 2011 This long delay was caused by the economic recession, and also by the fact that their transmitting equipment was vandalized on November 29, 2010. Regular programming began on September 6, 2011, at 4:40 p.m. Montmagny was previously served by CFEL-FM, from 1987 until that station's move to Lévis in 2009, and by CKBM 1490, which closed due to a bankruptcy in 1983. On August 20, 2012, CIQI changed formats to hot adult contemporary. On February 6, 2013, the CRTC approved Radio Montmagny inc.'s application to add a new FM transmitter at Saint-Fabien-de-Penet which will operate at 92.5 MHz (channel 223B) with an average effective radiated power (ERP) of 12,600 watts (maximum ERP of 17,500 watts with an effective height of antenna above average terrain of 123.1 meters). On April 4, 2017, Radio Montmagny inc. submitted another application to add an FM transmitter at 92.5 MHz in Saint-Fabien-de-Panet, Quebec. References External links CiQi 90,3 FM Iqi Iqi Montmagny, Quebec Iqi Radio stations established in 2011 2011 establishments in Quebec
34545052	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeriy%20Neverov	Valeriy Neverov	Valeriy Neverov (; ; born 21 June 1964 in Kharkiv) is a Ukrainian chess grandmaster (1991) and four-time Ukrainian Chess Champion (1983, 1985, 1988 and 1996). Chess career In 1991 Neverov won the Capablanca Memorial in Havana, and was a winner of the Politiken Cup in 1994. He played for Ukraine in the 35th Chess Olympiad at Bled 2002. He took part in the FIDE World Chess Championship 2004 but was eliminated in the first round by Shakhriyar Mamedyarov. Neverov won the 2005/06 Hastings International Chess Congress. He tied for first with Merab Gagunashvili in the 2006/07 edition of the same event, and with Nidjat Mamedov and Vadim Malakhatko in 2007/08. References External links Valeriy Neverov chess games at 365Chess.com 1964 births Living people Chess grandmasters Ukrainian chess players Chess Olympiad competitors Sportspeople from Kharkiv
30752084	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Evans%20%28divine%29	John Evans (divine)	John Evans D.D. (1680?–1730) was a Welsh divine. Family background Evans was the son of John Evans, by a daughter of Gilbert Gerard, governor of Chester Castle. He was born at Wrexham, Denbighshire, in 1680 or 1679. His great-grandfather and grandfather were successively rectors of Penegoes, Montgomeryshire, and his father, who was educated at Balliol College, Oxford, was minister at Oswestry, Shropshire, from 1648 to 1662, when, refusing to subscribe to the Act of Uniformity, he was ejected, and went to reside at Wrexham. There he was chosen pastor of the congregational church in 1668, and continued his ministry till his death in 1700. Life John Evans the younger was educated first at London under Thomas Rowe, and afterwards under Richard Frankland at Rathmell, Yorkshire. On the death of his father he was taken into the household of a Mrs. Hunt of Boreatton, Baschurch, Shropshire. While living there he is said to have read the whole of the five folio volumes of Matthew Poole's Synopsis Criticorum in Latin, and the works of all the Christian writers of the first three centuries after Christ, under the tuition of James Owen. In 1702 he was ordained minister at Wrexham, and took charge of a new congregational church there till 1704, when he received an invitation to join the ministry in Dublin. He was dissuaded from accepting it by Dr Daniel Williams, who, while advising him to stay at Wrexham, offered, rather than let him leave the country, to take him as his assistant in London. Evans became Williams's assistant at the meeting-house in Hand Alley, Westminster, till the death of Williams in 1716, when he was chosen his successor. He had come up to London inclined to join the independents, but under Williams's influence finally threw in his lot with the presbyterians. He was an eloquent and popular preacher, and held in high esteem by his congregation, who in 1729 built for him a new chapel in New Broad Street, Petty France, Westminster. For several years he was Lord's day evening lecturer at Salters' Hall, and in 1723 he was elected preacher of the Merchants' Lecture at the same place. About the same time the honorary degree of D.D. was conferred on him by the universities of Edinburgh and Aberdeen. He frequently presided over public ordinations, and was respected by his own sect and others who admired his tolerant views. He took a leading part in the Arian controversy, siding with those who refused to sign the articles. Evans was described as being of "uncommonly tall stature, yet not a lusty man". Publications Evans published several sermons delivered by him on various occasions. Some twenty of these were issued separately, but he is best known by a series entitled Practical Discourses concerning the Christian Temper; being 38 sermons upon the principal heads of Practical Religion (4th ed. 1737). This work, a sixth edition of which was published as late as 1812, was declared by Isaac Watts (preface to sermons) to be "the most complete summary of those duties which make up christian life published during our age". Philip Doddridge, who abridged it in his Rise and Progress, describes it as among the best practical treatises in our language. His Sermons on various Subjects addressed to Young People was also reissued in 1802, with a memoir of the author by Dr John Erskine. In addition to his sermons he published his side of a correspondence with Dr John Cumming, "concerning the regard which ought to be had to Scripture consequences" (1719 and 1722); and illustrated with notes the Epistle to the Romans for the New Testament Commentary left unfinished by Henry. He also wrote a number of introductions for works by his fellow-ministers, and edited Some Account of the Life and Writings of James Owen (1709). He had formed the plan of writing a comprehensive history of nonconformity from the Reformation to the civil war, and collected the necessary materials at great expense. He read, as he believed, almost every book in any way bearing on the subject, and commenced to write out his work, but he had not finished quite a sixth part of the three folio volumes which it was to occupy, when he was seized with his last illness, and the fragment was never published. Evans possessed a very fine library, amounting to ten thousand volumes, which was sold by auction on his death to make a provision for his penniless widow and daughter. The catalogue is preserved in Dr Williams's Library, London; where there is also a portrait of him. Dr Evans's List of Dissenting Congregations and Ministers, 1715–1729 Evans was the chief compiler of a county by county survey of Baptist, Independent (i.e. Congregational) and Presbyterian congregations and ministers in England and Wales. The survey was the initiative of the committee of the "General Body of Protestant Dissenting Ministers of the Three Denominations in and about the Cities of London and Westminster". Information was gathered by seventeen correspondents, and the final list is in Evans's handwriting. It was compiled in 1715–1718 with additions being made down to 1729. The list is now in the custody of Dr Williams's Library, London. Personal life Evans married a lady of considerable wealth, a daughter of John Quick, an ejected minister. With her fortune and his own savings he was induced to speculate in the South Sea Company. The whole was lost, and his later years were troubled by financial difficulties, which hastened his end. It was generally believed that his daughter was an heiress, so well did he keep up appearances, and though certain members of his congregation helped him with money, the cause of his poverty remained secret till after his death. Death Evans died on 16 May 1730 from dropsy and a complication of other disorders. He was buried in Dr Williams's vault in Bunhill Fields burial ground. References 1680 births 1730 deaths 17th-century Welsh people 18th-century Welsh people People from Wrexham Welsh religious writers 17th-century Welsh writers 17th-century British male writers 18th-century Welsh writers 18th-century British male writers Burials at Bunhill Fields
23142276	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%20Thieme	Art Thieme	Arthur Thieme (July 9, 1941 – May 26, 2015) was an American folk musician. He specialized in traditional songs and stories from the Upper Midwest, though he collected and performed cowboy songs from the West as well. He was assistant manager of the Old Town Folklore Center in Chicago - 1964-1965 & 1966 (retail outlet for the Old Town School of Folk Music), ran The Folk Art Shop in Depoe Bay, Oregon with his wife Carol in 1967 and 1968, sang all over the country for many years -including 37 years singing at the No Exit Cafe & Gallery in Chicago. He played in schools in the 6 counties in and around Chicago through the Urban Gateways arts & education agency for 22 years, was a host of National Public Radio's "Flea Market" radio show broadcast live from the Old Town School of Folk Music every Sunday afternoon in the mid-1980s, sang and told tales for about a decade on the steamboat Julia Belle Swain and the diesel boat Twilight on the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers. A photographer pre 1960 through part of the 2000s (decade), Art has made his photos available to the public on the Mudcat internet site. Discography Outright Bold-Faced Lies, 1977 Kicking Mule Records Songs Of The Heartland, 1980 Kicking Mule Records That's The Ticket, 1983 Folk-Legacy Records On the Wilderness Road, 1986 Folk-Legacy Records On The River, 1988 Folk-Legacy Records The Older I Get, The Better I Was, 1998 Waterbug Records Art Thieme LIVE: Chicago Town & Points West, 2006 Folk-Legacy Records References External links Illustrated Art Thieme discography American folk musicians American folk singers American male singer-songwriters American banjoists Folk musicians from Chicago Old Town School of Folk musicians 1941 births 2015 deaths 20th-century American singers 21st-century American singers Singer-songwriters from Illinois 20th-century American male singers 21st-century American male singers Waterbug Records artists
4768663	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Race%20%28The%20Goodies%29	The Race (The Goodies)	"The Race" is an episode of the British comedy television series The Goodies. The episode was written by The Goodies, with songs and music by Bill Oddie. Plot On holiday in France, the Goodies are riding leisurely through the countryside on their trandem when they suddenly become aware of a large number of cyclists riding very rapidly behind them. The Goodies speed up to escape the onslaught, and as a result of this, cross the finishing line of the Tour de France before the competitors. The Goodies are awarded the prize, as the winners of the Tour de France, because of crossing the line in first place. As a result of their success in winning the Tour de France so easily, Graeme becomes obsessed with them winning the Le Mans 24-hour race. However, there is a problem—they do not have a car, and none of the Goodies are able to drive a car. Tim volunteers to drive the car in the race, despite not being able to drive, and Graeme instructs him how to drive (by reading from a book)—doing so in a substitute 'car' consisting of two living room chairs (for driver and passenger), as well as a large plate as a steering wheel, a wooden spoon for the gear shift, and Bill's feet as the brake and accelerator. Tim passes his driving test, and all is ready to go. Graeme designs a sleek-looking racing car, using a photograph of a racing car on which to model his design. He then sets about building a car based on the blue-print of his design. The end result is not anything like the car on the drawing board—it is a chunky strange-looking vehicle, with no windscreen, and special "hand signal" traffic indicators for "turning right", "turning left" and "turning nasty". There is a villain in their midst—Baron de Boeuf, who is determined to win the race at all costs, and who will stop at nothing to achieve this end. The Baron sabotages the cars of all the entrants, with the result that most of the drivers are forced to withdraw from the race. The Goodies, likewise, are left with no car. However, Graeme is determined not to give in, and he modifies their office into a special type of car, with a window becoming the car's windscreen. Baron de Boeuf immediately tries to destroy the Goodies new "car" so that he will have no rival to worry about. Eventually, the Baron is eliminated from the race, but the adventure for the Goodies continues, with a nail-biting conclusion. When all seems lost, Graeme reveals yet another surprising feature of his remarkable car. Notes The Race is the last Goodies episode to feature sketch adverts. Initially a filler, the feature had been a staple element in the show since their first series. The Goodies would later revisit the advertisement concept in It Might as Well Be String and Goodies and Politics in series six and eight. References "The Complete Goodies" — Robert Ross, B T Batsford, London, 2000 "The Goodies Rule OK" — Robert Ross, Carlton Books Ltd, Sydney, 2006 "From Fringe to Flying Circus — 'Celebrating a Unique Generation of Comedy 1960-1980'" — Roger Wilmut, Eyre Methuen Ltd, 1980 "The Goodies Episode Summaries" — Brett Allender "The Goodies — Fact File" — Matthew K. Sharp External links The Goodies (series 4) episodes 24 Hours of Le Mans 1974 British television episodes
47610100	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xyris%20jupicai	Xyris jupicai	Xyris jupicai, common name Richard's yelloweyed grass, is a New World species of flowering plants in the yellow-eyed-grass family. It is widespread in North America, South America, Mesoamerica, and the West Indies. Xyris jupicai is a perennial herb up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall with grass-like leaves up to 60 cm (2 feet) long, and yellow flowers. References External links Photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in 1982 in State of Paraná in Brazil jupicai Plants described in 1792 Flora of the Southeastern United States Flora of South America Flora of Central America Flora of the Caribbean Flora of Texas Flora of Oklahoma Flora of New Jersey
53591065	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%20Arizona%20elections	2016 Arizona elections	The general election was held in the U.S. state of Arizona on November 8, 2016, as part of the 2016 General Election. Arizona voters chose 11 electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote. Also three seats on the Arizona Corporation Commission were up for election, as well as all of Arizona's nine seats in the United States House of Representatives and one seat for the United States Senate. Primary elections were held in August 2016. US President Corporation Commission Three seats on the Arizona Corporation Commission were up for election. Republican Brenda Burns chose not to run for re-election to a second term in office. Republican Gary Pierce was term-limited and ineligible to run for re-election to a third term in office. Republican primary Candidates Robert Burns, incumbent Al Melvin, former state senator Rick Gray, state representative Andy Tobin, incumbent Boyd Dunn, former mayor of Chandler, Arizona Results Democratic primary Because only 2 Democratic candidates ran for the Corporation Commission, no Democratic primary was held. Candidates Tom Chabin, former Coconino County supervisor and legislator. William Mundell, former Republican lawmaker and commissioner. General election Results US Senate Republican incumbent John McCain defeated Democrat Ann Kirkpatrick. House of Representatives All of Arizona's nine seats in the United States House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Republicans won 5 seats, while Democrats took 4. References Arizona
13472368	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregg%20Smith%20Singers	Gregg Smith Singers	The Gregg Smith Singers is a mixed chorus from the United States, directed by Gregg Smith (August 21, 1931 – July 12, 2016). The group, which comprises 16 singers, was founded at an all-Japanese Methodist church in West Los Angeles, California in 1955, while Smith was studying for his master's degree in music at the University of California, Los Angeles. The group moved to New York in 1970. The group's repertoire ranges from the colonial-era American compositions of William Billings to contemporary works by Morton Feldman as well as many works by Smith himself. They have also performed works by William Duckworth, Arnold Schoenberg, Elliott Carter, Charles Ives, Earle Brown, Edwin London, Blas Galindo, Jorge Córdoba, Harold Blumenfeld, Irving Fine, Morton Gould, William Schuman, Louise Talma, Arthur Sullivan, and Ned Rorem, as well as early music by composers such as Giovanni Gabrieli and Heinrich Schütz. They have also made a well received yuletide album entitled "Christmas Songs from around the World" whose arrangements have also been performed by other choruses, chorales, and choirs as well. The Gregg Smith Singers have toured the United States 40 times, in addition to 16 tours of Europe, and three visits to Asia. It has recorded over 100 albums, on the Albany, Columbia, Cp2, CRI, Crown, Koch International Classics, Lovely Music, New World, Newport Classic, Sony, Crown, Everest and Vox labels. The Gregg Smith Singers have performed with numerous orchestras and worked with Igor Stravinsky for 12 years beginning in 1959, until the composer's death in 1971. The group has received three Grammy Awards. External links Gregg Smith Singers official site [ All-Music Guide entry for Gregg Smith Singers] [ All-Music Guide entry for Gregg Smith] Gregg Smith Singers page Gregg Smith Singers information "Atonal Choir", from Time magazine, 1961 Autobiographical sketch by Gregg Smith Musical groups from Los Angeles Musical groups established in 1955 Choirs in California Grammy Award winners 1955 establishments in California
53994137	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996%20NCAA%20Division%20I%20Women%27s%20Tennis%20Championships	1996 NCAA Division I Women's Tennis Championships	The 1996 NCAA Division I Women's Tennis Championships were the 15th annual championships to determine the national champions of NCAA Division I women's singles, doubles, and team collegiate tennis in the United States. Florida defeated Stanford in the championship final, 5–2, to claim their second national title. Host This year's tournaments were hosted by Florida State University at the Scott Speicher Tennis Center in Tallahassee, Florida. The men's and women's NCAA tennis championships would not be held jointly until 2006. See also NCAA Division II Tennis Championships (Men, Women) NCAA Division III Tennis Championships (Men, Women) References External links List of NCAA Women's Tennis Champions NCAA Division I tennis championships NCAA Division I Women's Tennis Championships NCAA Division I Women's Tennis Championships NCAA Division I Women's Tennis Championships
19491691	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political%20career%20of%20Cicero	Political career of Cicero	The political career of Marcus Tullius Cicero began in 76 BC with his election to the office of quaestor (he entered the Senate in 74 BC after finishing his quaestorship in Lilybaeum, 75 BC), and ended in 43 BC, when he was assassinated upon the orders of Mark Antony. Cicero, a Roman statesman, lawyer, political theorist, philosopher, and Roman constitutionalist, reached the height of Roman power, the Consulship, and played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. A contemporary of Julius Caesar, Cicero is widely considered one of Rome's greatest orators and prose stylists. Cicero is generally perceived to be one of the most versatile minds of ancient Rome. He introduced the Romans to the chief schools of Greek philosophy and created a Latin philosophical vocabulary, distinguishing himself as a linguist, translator, and philosopher. An impressive orator and successful lawyer, Cicero probably thought his political career his most important achievement. Today, he is appreciated primarily for his humanism and philosophical and political writings. His voluminous correspondence, much of it addressed to his friend Atticus, has been especially influential, introducing the art of refined letter writing to European culture. Cornelius Nepos, the 1st-century BC biographer of Atticus, remarked that Cicero's letters to Atticus contained such a wealth of detail "concerning the inclinations of leading men, the faults of the generals, and the revolutions in the government" that their reader had little need for a history of the period. During the chaotic middle period of the first century BC, marked by civil wars and the dictatorship of Gaius Julius Caesar, Cicero championed a return to the traditional republican government. However, his career as a statesman was marked by inconsistencies and a tendency to shift his position in response to changes in the political climate. His indecision may be attributed to his sensitive and impressionable personality; he was prone to overreaction in the face of political and private change. "Would that he had been able to endure prosperity with greater self-control and adversity with more fortitude!" wrote C. Asinius Pollio, a contemporary Roman statesman and historian. Early career Cicero's childhood dream was "Always to be best and far to excel the others," a line taken from Homer's Iliad. Cicero pursued dignitas (position) and auctoritas (authority), symbolized by the purple-bordered toga praetexta and the Roman lictors' rod. There was just one path to these: public civil service along the steps of Cursus honorum. However, in 90 BC he was too young to apply to any of the offices of Cursus honorum except to acquire the preliminary experience in warfare that a career in civil service demanded. In 90–88 BC, Cicero served both Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo and Lucius Cornelius Sulla as they campaigned in the Social War, though he had no taste for military life. Cicero was first and foremost an intellectual. Several years later he would write to his friend, Titus Pomponius Atticus who was collecting marble statues for Cicero's villas: "Why do you send me a statue of Mars? You know I am a pacifist!" Cicero started his career as a lawyer around 83–81 BC. The earliest known case is the pro Quinctio, a private dispute from 81 BC delivered when Cicero was 26. However, the first major public case of which a written record is still existent was his 80 BC defense of Sextus Roscius on the charge of parricide. Taking this case was a courageous move for Cicero; parricide and matricide were considered appalling crimes, and the people whom Cicero accused of the murder—the most notorious being Chrysogonus—were favorites of Sulla. At this time it would have been easy for Sulla to have Cicero murdered, as Cicero was barely known in the Roman courts. His arguments were divided into three parts: in the first, he defended Roscius and attempted to prove he did not commit the murder; in the second, he attacked those who likely committed the crime—Titus Roscius Capito and Titus Roscius Magnus relatives of the defendant—and stated how the crime benefited them more than Sextus; in the third, he attacked Chrysogonus, stating Roscius' father was murdered to obtain his estate at a cheap price. On the strength of this case, Roscius was acquitted. Cicero's successful defense was an indirect challenge to the dictator Sulla, whom he again challenged in a lost speech defending the disenfranchised citizens of Arretium. According to Plutarch, Cicero was so fearful of Sulla's anger after Roscius' acquittal that he left for Greece, Asia Minor and Rhodes in 79 BC. However, the delay of around a year, in which time Cicero also married, hardly points to a panicked flight, and Cicero's own explicit explanation of poor health appears much more likely. Accompanying him on his journey were his brother Quintus, his cousin Lucius, and probably Servius Sulpicius Rufus. Cicero travelled to Athens, where he again met Atticus, who had fled war-torn Italy to Athens in the 80s. Atticus had become an honorary citizen of Athens and introduced Cicero to some significant Athenians. In Athens, Cicero visited the sacred sites of the philosophers. The most important of them was the Academy of Plato, where he conversed with the present head of the Academy, Antiochus. Because Cicero's philosophical stance was very similar to that of the New Academy as represented by Philo of Larissa, he felt that Antiochus had moved too far away from his predecessor. He was also initiated into the Eleusinian Mysteries, which made a strong impression on him, and consulted the oracle at Delphi. But first and foremost he consulted different rhetoricians in order to learn a less exhausting style of speaking. His chief instructor was the rhetorician Apollonius Molon of Rhodes. He instructed Cicero in a more expansive and less intense (and less strenuous on the throat) form of oratory that would define Cicero's individual style in years to come. Entry into politics After his return to Rome, Cicero's reputation rose very quickly, assisting his elevation to office as a quaestor in 75 BC (the next step on the cursus honorum). Quaestors, 20 of whom were elected annually, dealt with the financial administration at Rome or assisted propraetor and proconsul (both governors) in financial matters in one of the provinces of Rome. Cicero served as quaestor in western Sicily in 75 BC and demonstrated honesty and integrity in his dealings with the inhabitants. As a result, the grateful Sicilians became his clients, and he was asked by them to prosecute Gaius Verres, a governor of Sicily, who had badly plundered their homeland. During his stay in Sicily he discovered, hidden by thick bushes and undergrowth, the tomb of Archimedes of Syracuse, on whose gravestone was carved Archimedes' favourite discovery in geometry: that the ratio of the volume of a sphere to that of the smallest right circular cylinder in which it fits is 2:3. The prosecution of Gaius Verres in 70 BC was a great forensic success for Cicero. Verres' defense counsel was Rome's greatest lawyer and orator in those days, Quintus Hortensius. Verres was convicted, and he fled into exile. Upon the conclusion of this case, Cicero came to be considered the greatest orator in Rome, surpassing Hortensius. Relations between Hortensius and Cicero remained friendly despite this rivalry. Oratory was considered a great art in ancient Rome and an important tool for disseminating knowledge and promoting oneself in elections. Oratory was important because there was only one "newspaper" in Rome, created in 130 BC, Acta Diurna (Daily Resolutions), which was published by the Senate and of limited circulation. Despite his great success as an advocate, Cicero lacked reputable ancestry: he was neither noble nor patrician. A further hindrance was that the last memorable "new man" to have been elected consul without consular ancestors had been the politically radical and militarily innovative Gaius Marius—a distant relative of Cicero's who also came from Arpinum. Cicero grew up in a time of civil unrest and war. Sulla’s victory in the first of many civil wars led to a new constitutional framework that undermined libertas (liberty), the fundamental value of the Roman Republic. Nonetheless, Sulla’s reforms strengthened the position of the equestrian class, contributing to that class’s growing political power. Cicero was both an Italian eques and a novus homo, but more importantly he was a constitutionalist, meaning he did not wish to side with the populares faction and embark on a campaign of "seditious" reform. His social class and loyalty to the Republic ensured he would "command the support and confidence of the people as well as the Italian middle classes." This appeal was undercut by his lack of social standing and a reliable and viable power base, as the equites, his primary base of support, did not hold much power. The optimates faction never truly accepted Cicero, despite his outstanding talents and vision for the security of the Republic. This undermined his efforts to reform the Republic while preserving the constitution. Nevertheless, he was able to successfully ascend the Roman cursus honorum, holding each magistracy at or near the youngest possible age: quaestor in 75 (age 31), curule aedile in 69 (age 37), praetor in 66 (age 40), and finally consul in 63 (age 43). Praetor Cicero's popularity approached its heights during his aedileship and the subsequent years when he eclipsed Quintus Hortensius as Rome's leading orator. Consequently, he was not only elected to all the chief offices at the first attempt and the minimum permitted age (always a difficult task for a novus homo without noble or even senatorial ancestry), but returned first of all the candidates he stood against every time. That was rarely achieved even by sons of the highest and wealthiest noble families and underlines the genuine depth and breadth of Cicero's popularity among Romans of all but the poorest classes. This unprecedented phenomenon for a new man is perhaps best underlined by the elections in 67 BC for the praetors of 66. There were eight annual praetorships and many more candidates than positions as the praetorship was the last and most important qualification to stand for the greatest prize of all, the consulate. In 67 the praetorian elections were suspended twice in mid course before finally being completed, and thus held three times in all in the early voting stages. Cicero was elected in first place on all three occasions, and with the support of every voting unit (centuria). This represents a "perfect" electoral record, in the sense that it could not be bettered. This had probably not happened before for a "novus homo" and is very important in understanding Cicero's political success and rapidly growing self-confidence as well as a simultaneous rising tide of personal jealousy and hostility towards him among the nobility. Consul Cicero was elected Consul for the year 63 BC, defeating patrician candidate Lucius Sergius Catilina (Catiline). During his year in office he thwarted a conspiracy to overthrow the Roman Republic, led by Catiline. Cicero procured a Senatus Consultum de Re Publica Defendenda (a declaration of martial law, also called the Senatus Consultum Ultimum), and he drove Catiline from the city with four vehement speeches which came to be known as the Catiline Orations. The Orations listed Catiline and his followers' debaucheries, and denounced Catiline's senatorial sympathizers as roguish and dissolute debtors, clinging to Catiline as a final and desperate hope. Cicero demanded that Catiline and his followers leave the city. At the conclusion of his first speech, Catiline burst from the Temple of Jupiter Stator, where the Senate had convened, and made his way to Etruria. In his following speeches Cicero did not directly address Catiline but instead addressed the Senate. By these speeches Cicero wanted to prepare the Senate for the worst possible case; he also delivered more evidence against Catiline. Catiline fled and left behind his followers to start the revolution from within while Catiline assaulted the city with an army recruited from among Sulla’s veterans in Etruria. Many peasant farmers who were racked by debt also supported Catiline in the countryside. These five parties had attempted to involve the Allobroges, a tribe of Transalpine Gaul, in their plot, but Cicero, working with the Gauls, was able to seize letters which incriminated the five conspirators and forced them to confess their crimes in front of the Senate. The Senate then deliberated upon the conspirators' punishment. As it was the dominant advisory body to the various legislative assemblies rather than a judicial body, there were limits to its power; however, martial law was in effect, and it was feared that simple house arrest or exile—the standard options—would not remove the threat to the state. First, Decimus Junius Silanus was asked his opinion and proposed life imprisonment and that the conspirators should be made to suffer the "extremest punishments"; many acceded to his opinion, but then many were swayed when the matter came to a young Julius Caesar, who decried the precedent it would set and argued in favor of life imprisonment in various Italian towns of Cicero's choosing and the confiscation of all of their personal property. Lutatius Catulus then opposed Caesar's proposal and Cato followed him—rising in defense of the death penalty and slated Caesar for his proposed leniency and accused him of involvement, and with that the Senate were swayed and agreed on Cato's proposal. Cicero had the conspirators taken to the Tullianum, the notorious Roman prison, where they were strangled. Cicero himself accompanied the former consul Publius Cornelius Lentulus Sura, one of the conspirators, to the Tullianum. After the executions had been carried out, Cicero seeing many members of the conspiracy still assembled in the forum, announced the deaths by the formulaic expression Vixerunt ("they have lived," which was meant to ward off ill fortune by avoiding the direct mention of death). Consequently, Cicero partly due to the help of Cato received the honorific "Pater Patriae" for his efforts to suppress the conspiracy, but lived thereafter in fear of trial or exile for having put Roman citizens to death without trial. He also received the first public thanksgiving for a civic accomplishment; previously this had been a purely military honor. Cicero's four Catiline Orations remain outstanding examples of his rhetorical style. Exile and return In 61 BC Julius Caesar invited Cicero to be the fourth member of his existing partnership with Pompey and Marcus Licinius Crassus, an assembly that would eventually be called the First Triumvirate. Cicero refused the invitation because he suspected it would undermine the Republic. In 58 BC the demagogue Publius Clodius Pulcher, the tribune of the plebs, introduced a law threatening exile to anyone who executed a Roman citizen without a trial. Cicero, having executed members of the Catiline conspiracy four years before without formal trial, and having had a public falling-out with Clodius, was clearly the intended target of the law. Cicero argued that the senatus consultum ultimum indemnified him from punishment, and he attempted to gain the support of the senators and consuls, especially of Pompey. When help was not forthcoming, he went into exile. He arrived at Thessalonica, Greece on May 23, 58 BC. The day Cicero left Italy, Clodius proposed another bill which forbade Cicero approaching within of Italy and confiscated his property. The bill was passed forthwith, and Cicero's villa on the Palatine was destroyed by Clodius' supporters, as were his villas in Tusculum and Formiae. Cicero's exile caused him to fall into depression. He wrote to Atticus: "Your pleas have prevented me from committing suicide. But what is there to live for? Don't blame me for complaining. My afflictions surpass any you ever heard of earlier". In another letter to Atticus, Cicero suggested that the Senate was jealous of him, and this was why they declined to recall him from exile. In a later letter to his brother Quintus, he named several factors he believed contributed to his exile: "the defection of Pompey, the hostility of the senators and judges, the timidity of equestrians, the armed bands of Clodius." Atticus borrowed 25,000 sestertii for Cicero's cause and, with Cicero's wife Terentia, attempted to recall him from exile. Cicero returned from exile on August 5, 57 BC, and landed in Brundisium (modern Brindisi). He was greeted by a cheering crowd, and, to his delight, his beloved daughter Tullia. Elated, he returned to Rome, where some time later the Senate passed a resolution restoring his property and ordered reparations to be paid for damages done to him. During the 50s BC Cicero supported Milo, who at the time was Clodius' chief opponent. Clodius typically drew his political support from armed mobs and political violence, and he was slain by Milo's gladiators on the Via Appia in 52 BC. Clodius' relatives brought charges of murder against Milo, who appealed to Cicero for advocacy. Cicero took the case, and his speech Pro Milone came to be considered by some as his crowning masterpiece. In Pro Milone, Cicero argued that Milo had no reason to kill Clodius—indeed, Cicero proposed, Milo had everything to gain from Clodius being alive. Furthermore, he asserted that Milo did not expect to encounter Clodius on the Via Appia. The prosecution pointed out that the few living witnesses to the murder were Milo's slaves, and that by subsequently freeing them, Milo had cynically ensured no witness would testify against him. Though Cicero suggested that the slaves' valiant defence of Milo was cause enough for their emancipation, he ultimately lost the case. After the trial, Milo went into exile and continued to live in Massilia until he returned to stir up trouble in the Civil War. Civil War, opposition to Mark Antony The struggle between Pompey and Julius Caesar grew more intense in 50 BC. Cicero, rather forced to pick sides, chose to favour Pompey, but at the same time he prudently avoided openly alienating Caesar. When Caesar invaded Italy in 49 BC, Cicero fled Rome. Caesar, seeking the legitimacy that endorsement by a senior senator would provide, courted Cicero's favour, but even so Cicero slipped out of Italy and in June traveled to Dyrrachium (Epidamnos), Illyria, where Pompey's staff was situated. Cicero traveled with the Pompeian forces to Pharsalus in 48 BC, though he was quickly losing faith in the competence and righteousness of the Pompeian lot. He quarrelled with many of the commanders, including a son of Pompey himself. Eventually, he even provoked the hostility of his fellow senator Cato, who told him that he would have been of more use to the cause of the optimates if he had stayed in Rome. In Cicero's own words: "I came to regret my action in joining the army of the optimates not so much for the risk of my own safety as for the appalling situation which confronted me on arrival. To begin with, our forces were too small and had poor morale. Secondly, with the exception of the commander-in-chief and a handful of others, everyone was greedy to profit from the war itself and their conversation was so bloodthirsty that I shuddered at the prospect of victory. In a word everything was wrong except the cause we were fighting for." After Caesar's victory at Pharsalus, Cicero returned to Rome only very cautiously. Caesar pardoned him and Cicero tried to adjust to the situation and maintain his political work, hoping that Caesar might revive the Republic and its institutions. In a letter to Varro on c. April 20 46 BC, Cicero outlined his strategy under Caesar's dictatorship: "I advise you to do what I am advising myself—avoid being seen even if we cannot avoid being talked about. If our voices are no longer heard in the Senate and in the Forum, let us follow the example of the ancient sages and serve our country through our writings concentrating on questions of ethics and constitutional law". Cicero was taken completely by surprise when the Liberatores assassinated Caesar on the ides of March, 44 BC. Cicero was not involved in the conspiracy, even though the conspirators were sure of his sympathy. Marcus Junius Brutus called out Cicero's name, asking him to "restore the Republic" when he lifted the bloodstained dagger after the assassination. A letter Cicero wrote in February 43 BC to Trebonius, one of the conspirators, began, "How I could wish that you had invited me to that most glorious banquet on the Ides of March"! Cicero became a popular leader during the period of instability following the assassination. He had no respect for Mark Antony, who was scheming to take revenge upon Caesar's murderers. In exchange for amnesty for the assassins, he arranged for the Senate to agree not to declare Caesar to have been a tyrant, which allowed the Caesarians to have lawful support. Cicero and Antony then became the two leading men in Rome; Cicero as spokesman for the Senate (he was appointed princeps senatus) and Antony as consul, leader of the Caesarian faction, and unofficial executor of Caesar's public will. The two men had never been on friendly terms and their relationship worsened after Cicero made it clear that he felt Antony to be taking unfair liberties in interpreting Caesar's wishes and intentions. When Octavian, Caesar's heir and adopted son, arrived in Italy in April, Cicero formed a plan to play him against Antony. In September he began attacking Antony in a series of speeches he called the Philippicae, in honour of his inspiration—Demosthenes. Praising Octavian to the skies, he labelled him a "god-sent child" and said that the young man only desired honour and would not make the same mistake as his adoptive father. Meanwhile, his attacks on Antony, whom he called a "sheep", rallied the Senate in firm opposition to Antony. During this time, Cicero's popularity as a public figure was unrivalled and according to the historian Appian, he "had the [most] power any popular leader could possibly have". Cicero heavily fined the supporters of Antony for petty charges and had volunteers forge arms for the supporters of the Republic. According to Appian, although the story is not supported by others, this policy was perceived by Antony's supporters to be so insulting that they prepared to march on Rome to arrest Cicero. Cicero fled the city and the plan was abandoned. Death Cicero supported Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus as governor of Cisalpine Gaul (Gallia Cisalpina) and urged the Senate to name Antony an enemy of the state. One tribune, a certain Salvius, delayed these proceedings and was "reviled", as Appian put it, by Cicero and his party. The speech of Lucius Piso, Caesar's father-in-law, delayed proceedings against Antony. Antony was later declared an enemy of the state when he refused to lift the siege of Mutina, which was in the hands of Decimus Brutus. Cicero described his position in a letter to Cassius, one of Caesar's assassins, that same September: "I am pleased that you like my motion in the Senate and the speech accompanying it. Antony is a madman; corrupt and much worse than Caesar whom you declared the worst of evil men when you killed him. Antony wants to start a bloodbath". Cicero's plan to drive out Antony failed, however. After the successive battles of Forum Gallorum and Mutina, Antony and Octavian reconciled and allied with Lepidus to form the Second Triumvirate. Immediately after legislating their alliance into official existence for a five-year term with consular imperium, the Triumvirate began proscribing their enemies and potential rivals. Cicero and his younger brother Quintus Tullius Cicero, formerly one of Caesar's legati, and all of their contacts and supporters were numbered among the enemies of the state though, reportedly, Octavian argued for two days against Cicero being added to the list. Among the proscribed, Cicero was one of the most viciously and doggedly hunted. Other victims included the tribune Salvius, who, after siding with Antony, moved his support directly and fully to Cicero. Cicero was viewed with sympathy by a large segment of the public and many people refused to report that they had seen him. He was caught December 7, 43 BC leaving his villa in Formiae in a litter going to the seaside from where he hoped to embark on a ship to Macedonia. When the assassins arrived his own slaves said they had not seen him, but he was given away by Philologus, a freed slave of his brother Quintus Cicero. Cicero's last words were said to have been, "There is nothing proper about what you are doing, soldier, but do try to kill me properly." He was decapitated by his pursuers. Once discovered, he bowed to his captors, leaning his head out of the litter in a gladiatorial gesture to ease the task. By baring his neck and throat to the soldiers, he was indicating that he wouldn't resist. His hands were cut off as well and nailed and displayed along with the head on the Rostra in the Forum Romanum according to the tradition of Marius and Sulla, both of whom had displayed the heads of their enemies in the Forum. He was the only victim of the Triumvirate's proscriptions to be displayed in that manner. According to Cassius Dio (in a story often mistakenly attributed to Plutarch), Antony's wife Fulvia took Cicero's head, pulled out his tongue, and jabbed it repeatedly with her hairpin in final revenge against Cicero's power of speech. Cicero's son, Marcus Tullius Cicero Minor, during his year as a joint consul with Octavian in 30 BC, avenged his father's death somewhat when he announced to the Senate Mark Antony's naval defeat at Actium in 31 BC by Octavian and his capable commander-in-chief Agrippa. In the same meeting the Senate voted to prohibit all future Antonius descendants from using the name Marcus, the removal of all remaining statues of Antony and to make void any other honors that had been paid him. Many years later, Octavian came upon one of his grandsons reading a book by Cicero. The boy, terrified, sought to hide it in his gown but Octavian (then called Augustus) saw it, took the book from him, and read a great part of it as he stood, and then handed the volume back, saying: "A learned man, my child, a learned man and a lover of his country". Legacy After the civil war, Cicero recognised that the end of the Republic was almost certain. He stated that "the Republic, the Senate, the law courts are mere ciphers and that not one of us has any constitutional position at all." The civil war had destroyed the Republic. It wreaked destruction and decimated resources throughout the Roman Empire. Julius Caesar's victory had been absolute. Caesar's assassination failed to reinstate the Republic, despite further attacks on the Romans’ freedom by "Caesar’s own henchman, Mark Antony." His death only highlighted the stability of ‘one man rule’ by the ensuing chaos and further civil wars that broke out with Caesar's murderers, Brutus and Cassius, and finally between his own supporters, Mark Antony and Octavian. Cicero remained the "Republic's last true friend" as he spoke out for his ideals and of the libertas (freedom) the Romans enjoyed for centuries. Cicero's vision had some fundamental flaws. It harked back to a ‘golden age’ that may never have existed. Cicero's idea of the concordia ordinum was too idealistic. Also, Roman institutions had failed to keep pace with Rome's enormous expansion. The Republic had reached such a state of disrepair that regardless of Cicero's talents and passion, Rome lacked "persons loyal to [the Republic] to trust with armies." Cicero lacked the political power and any military skill or resources, to enforce his ideal. To enforce republican values and institutions was ipso facto contrary to republican values. He also failed to a certain extent to recognize the real power structures that operated in Rome. In popular culture Appearances in modern fiction, listed in order of publication Julius Caesar, by William Shakespeare Ides of March, (1948) an epistolary novel by Thornton Wilder À rebours, by Joris-Karl Huysmans A Pillar of Iron, (1965) a fictionalized biography, by Taylor Caldwell Masters of Rome series, by Colleen McCullough; Cicero first appears as a precocious young boy in The Grass Crown Roma Sub Rosa series, (1991–2005), by Steven Saylor Robert Olen Butler imagines Cicero's last thoughts as a short monologue in Severance (2006) A trilogy of novels by Robert Harris covering the life of Cicero as told by his secretary/slave Tiro Imperium (2006) begins with the prosecution of Verres and leads up to Cicero's election to consul Lustrum (2009) (titled Conspirata in the United States and Italy) covers Cicero's time as consul through his exile in 58 Dictator (2015) Appearances in film and television Imperium: Augustus, a British-Italian film (2003), also shown as Augustus The First Emperor in some countries, where Cicero (played by Gottfried John) appears in several vignettes. In the 2005 ABC miniseries Empire, Cicero (played by Michael Byrne) appears as a supporter of Octavius. This portrayal deviates sharply from history, as Cicero survives the civil war to witness Octavius assume the title of princeps. The HBO/BBC2 TV series Rome features Marcus Tullius Cicero prominently and is played by David Bamber. The portrayal broadly adheres to the historical record, reflecting Cicero's political indecision and continued switching of allegiances between the various factions in Rome's civil war. A disparity occurs in his assassination, which occurs in an orchard rather than on the road to the sea. The TV series also depicts Cicero's assassination at the hands of the fictionalized Titus Pullo, though the historical Titus Pullo was not Cicero's actual killer. See also Notes References Cicero, Marcus Tullius, Cicero's letters to Atticus, Vol, I, II, IV, VI, Cambridge University Press, Great Britain, 1965 Cicero, Marcus Tullius, Latin extracts of Cicero on Himself, translated by Charles Gordon Cooper, University of Queensland Press, Brisbane, 1963 Cicero, Marcus Tullius, Selected Political Speeches, Penguin Books Ltd, Great Britain, 1969 Cicero, Marcus Tullius, Selected Works, Penguin Books Ltd, Great Britain, 1971 Everitt, Anthony 2001, Cicero: the life and times of Rome's greatest politician, Random House, hardback, 359 pages, Cowell, Cicero and the Roman Republic, Penguin Books Ltd, Great Britain, 1973 Haskell, H.J.: (1946) This was Cicero, Fawcett publications, Inc. Greenwich, Conn. Gibbon, Edward. (1793). The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire., The Modern Library (2003), . Edited, Abridged, and with a Critical Foreword by Hans-Friedrich Mueller. Gruen, Erich, The last Generation of the Roman Republic, University of California Press, 1974 March, Duane A., "Cicero and the 'Gang of Five'," Classical World, volume 82 (1989) 225–34 Plutarch, Fall of the Roman Republic, Penguin Books Ltd, Great Britain, 1972 Rawson, Elizabeth (1975) Cicero, A portrait, Allen Lane, London Rawson, Elizabeth, Cicero, Penguin Books Ltd, Great Britain, 1975 Scullard, H. H. From the Gracchi to Nero, University Paperbacks, Great Britain, 1968 Smith, R. E., Cicero the Statesman, Cambridge University Press, Great Britain, 1966 Strachan-Davidson, J. L., Cicero and the Fall of the Roman Republic, University of Oxford Press, London, 1936 Taylor, H. (1918). Cicero: A sketch of his life and works. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co. Further reading Francis A. Yates (1974). The Art of Memory, University of Chicago Press, 448 pages, Reprint: Taylor Caldwell (1965), A Pillar of Iron, Doubleday & Company, Reprint: Political Career Political careers by person
9489376	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chumy%20Ch%C3%BAmez	Chumy Chúmez	Jose María González Castrillo, more known as Chumy Chúmez, (May 8, 1927 - April 10, 2003) was a Spanish cartoon humorist, writer and film director. Born in San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, received training as mercantile professor and later studied drawing and painting. Due to his passion for painting he travelled to Madrid, where he would be devoted to humor, with sporadic collaborations in newspapers and later regularly in the weekly magazines La Codorniz and Triunfo and also in the newspaper Madrid, in which he used to write on the third page until it was suspended by government order in 1971. During the transition towards democracy in Spain he collaborated with the humor weekly magazine Hermano Lobo, of which he was a founder. In the 1960s he directed several documentaries, a majority on Andalusian localities. He also collaborated writing up cinematographic scripts and he got to write some of his own. He also directed several films, among them, Dios bendiga cada rincón de esta casa (1977) and ¿Pero no vas a cambiar nunca Margarita? (1978), produced by Manuel Summers. He worked as panelist in radio (Protagonistas and Las mañanas de Radio 1) and television (Este país necesita un repaso). Of his facet as a writer, it is possible to mention Yo fui feliz en la guerra (1986), an autobiography about his memories of the Spanish Civil War. Other titles are Por fin un hombre honrado (1994) and Pase Vd. sin llamar (1995) He was also known as a lecturer and contributor. Throughout his life he received several prizes, the Paleta Agromán Prize (1977), the Mingote Prize (1985), the Prize of Journalism Francisco Cerecedo (1991) and the Latin American Prize of Graphical Humor Quevedos (2002). On April 10, 2003 Chumy died of liver cancer. Part of his ashes remained in Spain, whereas the rest was scattered near Cascais. External links Tebeosfera, in memóriam 1927 births 2003 deaths People from San Sebastián Spanish film directors Deaths from liver cancer Deaths from cancer in Spain
29677556	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Atkins	Steve Atkins	Steve Atkins is a former running back in the National Football League. Early life Atkins was born Steven Elwood Atkins on June 22, 1956, in Spotsylvania County, Virginia. Football career Atkins played at the collegiate level at the University of Maryland, College Park. He was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the second round of the 1979 NFL Draft and played two seasons for the team before splitting the 1981 season with the Packers and the Philadelphia Eagles. See also List of Green Bay Packers players List of Philadelphia Eagles players References 1956 births People from Spotsylvania County, Virginia Green Bay Packers players Philadelphia Eagles players American football running backs Maryland Terrapins football players Living people
19581855	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalomastomatidae	Megalomastomatidae	Megalomastomatidae is a family of tropical land snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cyclophoroidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). This family has no subfamilies. Genera Genera within the family Megalomastomatidae include: Farcimen Troschel, 1847 Hainesia L. Pfeffer, 1856 Megalomastoma Swainson, 1840 - the type genus of the family Megalomastomatidae Neopupina Kobelt, 1902 References
40094404	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pervenci	Pervenci	Pervenci (), subtitled različne piesme, is a collection of 35 poems written by Croatian poet Petar Preradović. They ware first published in year 1846 in Zadar. Book is composed in three sections; Cvietje, Bilje and Presad!. External links Pervenci 1846 poems Works by Petar Preradović
13360040	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen%20Untermann	Jürgen Untermann	Jürgen Untermann (24 October 1928, in Rheinfelden – 7 February 2013, in Brauweiler) was a German linguist, indoeuropeanist and epigraphist. A disciple of Hans Krahe and of Ulrich Schmoll, he studied at the University of Frankfurt and the University of Tübingen. He became a professor of Comparative Linguistics at the University of Cologne. His research focused on the study of the Italic and Palaeohispanic languages, described as "Trümmersprachen" (ruins-languages). He is considered the foremost expert on Palaeohispanic languages (specially the Iberian language), publishing the corpus of Palaeohispanic inscriptions in Monumenta Linguarum Hispanicarum, and systematizing the study of the ancient Iberian names of human beings or anthroponomastics. On 2010 he was awarded with the Príncipe de Viana Prize for Culture. Publications Die vorgriechischen Sprachen Siziliens. Wiesbaden, 1958 Die venetischen Personennamen . Wiesbaden, 1961 Elementos de un atlas antroponímico de la Hispania Antigua. Madrid, 1965 Monumenta Linguarum Hispanicarum. I. Die Münzlegenden. Wiesbaden, 1975 Monumenta Linguarum Hispanicarum II: Die Inschriften in iberischer Schrift aus Südfrankreich. Wiesbaden, 1980 Monumenta Linguarum Hispanicarum III: Die iberischen Inschriften aus Spanien. Wiesbaden, 1990 Monumenta Linguarum Hispanicarum IV: Die tartessischen, keltiberischen und lusitanischen Inschriften. Wiesbaden, 1997 Wörterbuch des Oskisch-Umbrischen. Heidelberg, 2000 External links List of some publications by Jürgen Untermann Links to the content of articles by Jürgen Untermann "Los etnónimos de la Hispania Antigua y las lenguas prerromnanas de la Península Ibérica" Complutum 2-3, 1992. "La onomástica ibérica" Iberia'' nº 4, 1998 Images Jürgen Untermann at his investiture as Doctor Honoris Causa by University of Santiago de Compostela (may the 9th, 2003). 1928 births 2013 deaths People from Rheinfelden (Baden) People from the Republic of Baden Linguists from Germany Linguists of Indo-European languages Members of the Institute for Catalan Studies
39712710	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R.%20T.%20Layton	R. T. Layton	Robert Townsend Layton (16 April 1884 – 3 November 1941) was an English special effects artist. He was nominated for an Oscar for Best Special Effects on the film The Long Voyage Home at the 13th Academy Awards. References External links 1884 births 1941 deaths Special effects people People from Cambridge
69572551	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%20Kite%20Awards	2020 Kite Awards	The 2020 Kite Awards (Vietnamese: Giải Cánh diều 2020) is the 28th edition of Vietnam Cinema Association Awards, also the 19th edition since the award is officially named Kite. It honored the best in Vietnam film, television works of 2020. Due to the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic with many complicated developments, the organizers decided not to organize side activities and postpone the announcement ceremony to the end of the year instead of March as usual. On December 22, 2021, the announcement and award ceremony was held in a compact manner with a limited number of guests in Hanoi. This year, a total of 141 works participated in the award, including: 12 feature films, 16 TV drama series, 60 documentaries, 12 science films, 20 animated films, 18 short films and 3 film studies. In feature film category, Dad, I'm Sorry and Camellia Sisters both won 3 with the former was awarded Golden Kite. Drama The Crocodile File from the series Criminal Police unexpectedly won big with 4 awards included Golden Kite. Winner and nominees Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface. Highlighted title indicates Golden Kite for the Best Film/Drama/Study winner(s). Highlighted title indicates Silver Kite for the Second Best Film/Drama/Study winner(s). Highlighted title indicates Film/Drama/Study(s) received the Certificate of Merit. Other nominees Feature film Multiple wins The following films received multiple wins: Television film Multiple wins The following films received multiple wins: Animated film Documentary film Science film Short film Film critic/theory research See also 40th National Television Festival 2020 VTV Awards References External links Thế Giới Điện Ảnh Online – Official Vietnam Cinema Association Magazine Vietnamese film awards Kite Awards Kite Awards 2020 in Vietnam 2020 in Vietnamese television Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television
1337531	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nads	Nads	Nads may refer to: Nads, slang for gonads Nad's, Australian hair removal brand Rafael Nadal, Spanish tennis player nicknamed Nads National Advanced Driving Simulator, or NADS Neutron Acceptance Diagram Shading, or NADS Sodium lauryl sulfate, or NaDS
11509900	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash%20Hill%2C%20North%20Carolina	Ash Hill, North Carolina	Ash Hill is an unincorporated community in the Eldora Township of Surry County, North Carolina. The community is generally on the other side of the Ararat River from the community of Ararat and is roughly centered on Ararat Road between Eldora Road and Little Mountain Church Road. A school named Ash Hill was formerly located here. References Unincorporated communities in Surry County, North Carolina Unincorporated communities in North Carolina
4733655	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco%20Manelli	Francesco Manelli	Francesco Manelli (Mannelli) ( 1595 – 1667) was a Roman Baroque composer, particularly of opera, and a theorbo player. He is most well known for his collaboration with fellow Roman composer Benedetto Ferrari in bringing commercial opera to Venice. The first two works, in 1637 and 1638, to be put on commercially in the Teatro San Cassiano were both by Manelli - his L'Andromeda and La Maga Fulminata. Francesco Manelli was for many years confused with the Franciscan friar Giovanni Battista Fasolo, because of the resemblances between Manelli's cantata Luciata, (published in Musiche varie, op. 4 Venice, 1636), and Fasolo's dialogue Il carro di Madama Lucia (Rome, 1628), and the shared text of the first piece in both collections. In a comparison of the two cantatas Fasolo's version is "languid and melancholy", while Manelli's version is "spirited and biting". A mid-14th-century Florentine scholar of the same name, also called dei Pontigiano, was a close friend of Giovanni Boccaccio. Works Operas, music for all of which is lost. L'Andromeda (libretto: Benedetto Ferrari) (1637) La maga fulminata (Ferrari) (1638) Delia ossia La sera sposa del sole (Giulio Strozzi) (1639) Il pastor regio (Ferrari) 1640 L'Adone (Paolo Vendramin) (1640) L'Alcate (Marc' Antonio Tirabosco) (1642) Ercole nell'Erimanto (Bernardo Morando) (1651) Le vicende del tempo (Morando) (1652) Il ratto d'Europa (Paolo Emilio Fantuzzi / Elvezio Sandri) (1653) La Filo, overo Giunone repacificata con Ercole (Francesco Berni) (1660) La Licasta (Ferrari) (1664) Cantatas Musiche varie Op. 4 (1636) Recordings duet - Ti lascio empia, inconstante. Musiche varie, Op. 4 Suzie LeBlanc (Soprano), Derek Lee Ragin (Countertenor), Love and Death in Venice, Teatro Lirico, dir. Stephen Stubbs Virgin Classics 1996 References See also Grove Music Online Article, Manelli (Mannelli), Francesco The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, Manelli (Mannelli), Francesco (? ‘Il Fasolo’) 1594 births 1667 deaths People from Tivoli, Lazio Italian male classical composers Italian Baroque composers 17th-century Italian composers 17th-century male musicians
47537394	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff%20Reform%20Synagogue	Cardiff Reform Synagogue	Cardiff Reform Synagogue (formerly Cardiff New Synagogue) is a synagogue in Cardiff, Wales. It is a member of the Movement for Reform Judaism. Congregation Cardiff New Synagogue was founded in 1948 to provide Jewish religious services in a less traditional style than those previously available in Cardiff. This attracted newly arrived immigrants from Germany, Czechoslovakia, Austria and elsewhere. The synagogue's name was later changed to Cardiff Reform Synagogue. Services were initially held in Cardiff's Temple of Peace and Health, a non-religious civic building in Cathays Park. In 2010, the synagogue was awarded over £33,000 by the Heritage Lottery Fund for a project showing how Reform Jews, some of whom had fled from central Europe, had adapted to life in Wales. Building In 1952, the community purchased Salem Welsh Baptist Chapel in Moira Terrace, Adamsdown, Cardiff, which it converted for use of a synagogue. The chapel was built in 1861 and was modified in 1877 and 1919. See also List of Jewish communities in the United Kingdom Movement for Reform Judaism Cardiff United Synagogue References External links Official website The Movement for Reform Judaism Cardiff Reform Synagogue on Jewish Communities and Records – UK (hosted by jewishgen.org) Jewish Small Communities Network: Cardiff Reform Synagogue 1948 establishments in Wales Adamsdown Austrian-Jewish diaspora Culture in Cardiff Czech-Jewish diaspora Former churches in Cardiff German-Jewish culture in the United Kingdom Reform synagogues in the United Kingdom Religious buildings and structures in Cardiff Synagogues in Wales
54053258	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n%20Balmaceda	Sebastián Balmaceda	Daniel Sebastián Balmaceda (born 8 October 1996) is an Argentine footballer who plays for Sportivo Belgrano. References Argentine footballers 1996 births Living people Club Atlético Tigre footballers Club y Biblioteca Ramón Santamarina footballers Arsenal de Sarandí footballers Sportivo Belgrano footballers Argentine Primera División players Primera Nacional players Torneo Federal A players Association football midfielders
8070608	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry%20Judd	Garry Judd	Garry Judd (born 6 March 1962) is a British contemporary classical composer. He is also known for his television music (Trinny & Susannah Undress, All About Me, and Babyfather), but he also writes commercially released music which has been played and broadcast around the world by performers such as The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Courtney Pine, Leslie Howard (musician), John Etheridge, Christopher Warren-Green, Guy Pratt and The London Community Gospel Choir. He currently plays Warwick (bass guitar) basses and PRS Guitars and uses Tannoy monitors. He is a member of British Academy of Film and Television Arts, The MCPS, The Performing Right Society and The British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors. Discography Field Sketches for orchestra (Compendium Recordings) (2016) On Vacation - Re-recorded and remastered (Chillville Records) (2016) On The Orient Express - Compilation (Chillville Records) (2016) Sands of Meditation - Compilation (Chillville Records) (2016) The Green Man (orchestral suite) (Compendium Recordings) (2016) The Age Of Steam - Remastered (Chillville Records) (2014) The Book Of Knowledge - Remastered (Chillville Records) (2014) The Essence - I Am Forecasting Sun EP (Chillville Records) (2013) The Essence - Summer Haze EP (Chillville Records) (2007) The Essence (Chillville Records) (2005) Ambience (Water Music Records) (2001) Gaia (Chillville Records) (2000) External links Official website English television composers English male composers Musicians from London Living people 1962 births
56021591	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%20Challenge%20Cup	2018 Challenge Cup	The 2018 Challenge Cup, also known as the Ladbrokes Challenge Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the 117th staging of the Challenge Cup, the main rugby league knockout tournament for teams in the Super League, the British National Leagues and a number of invited amateur clubs. The cup was won by Catalans Dragons, who beat Warrington Wolves 20–14 at Wembley on 25 August 2018 to become the first non-British team to win the challenge cup in its 117-year history. The defending champions, Hull F.C., went out at the quarter-final stage. The Catalans , Tony Gigot, was voted the winner of the Lance Todd Trophy, becoming the first Frenchman to win the trophy since it was first awarded in 1946. The format of the competition was eight knock-out rounds followed by a final. The first two rounds were composed entirely of 48 amateur teams. The 12 winners of the second round ties were joined in round three by the 14 League 1 teams. For the fourth round, the 13 winners from round 3 were joined by 11 of the 12 Championship teams (Toulouse Olympique. who play in the Championship, chose not to enter the 2018 cup competition). Round five saw four Super League teams entering the competition, namely those that finished in the top four positions of the 2017 Qualifiers—Warrington Wolves, Widnes Vikings, Hull Kingston Rovers and Catalans Dragons. The remaining eight Super League teams joined in round six. Round details *Toulouse Olympique did not participate in the competition. First round The draw for the first round was made on 12 December 2017 at Media City and streamed live on the BBC Sport website. The draw was made by recently retired Hull F.C. captain, Gareth Ellis, and former Lance Todd Trophy winner, Paul Wellens. The 48 teams in the draw comprised 39 English amateur teams, the winners of the Scottish, Welsh and Irish leagues, two teams from the Universities rugby league and representative teams for the three armed services and the police. Ties were played over the weekend of 27–28 January 2018 with the exception of one game postponed to the following weekend. Second round The draw for the second round was made on 31 January 2018 at Warrington's Halliwell Jones Stadium and streamed live on the BBC Sport website. The draw was made by Warrington Wolves former prop forward and Swinton Lions coach, Gary Chambers, and current Warrington forward Sitaleki Akauola. The 24 teams in the draw comprised the winners from the first round. Ties were played on 10 February 2018. Batley Boys won their tie with a drop goal in golden point extra time, having won their first round tie in the same fashion. Third round The draw for the third round was made on 13 February live on the BBC Sport website. The draw was made by Super League players Alex Walmsley and Kriss Brining. Ties were played over the weekend of 24–25 February. Fourth Round The draw was conducted by former player (and Challenge Cup winner) Rob Parker and former Scottish international Andrew Henderson. Fifth Round The draw was made on 20 March 2018 by two Women's Super League players, Faye Gaskin of St. Helens and Gemma Walsh of Wigan Warriors. Sixth Round The draw for the Sixth Round was made on 25 April 2018, live on Chris Evans' Breakfast Show on BBC Radio Two, alongside Leeds Rhinos veteran forward Jamie Jones-Buchanan, and Warrington Wolves winger Josh Charnley. Quarter-finals The draw for the quarter-finals was made live on BBC Two directly after the conclusion of the Toronto v Warrington game. The draw was made by former players Nathan McAvoy and Robbie Hunter-Paul. Ties were played 31 May – 3 June with all four ties being televised either on Sky Sports or the BBC. Semi-final On 30 May 2018 the RFL announced that the semi-finals would be played as a double header at the University of Bolton Stadium in Bolton on Sunday 5 August 2018. The draw was made live on BBC Two, directly after the end of the St Helens v Hull FC match. The draw was made by Sophie Rohan and Emily Burnette (the members of Belle Voci), who would sing "Abide with Me" before the final on 25 August. Final Teams: Catalans: Tony Gigot, Lewis Tierney, David Mead, Brayden Williame, Fouad Yaha, Samisoni Langi, Josh Drinkwater, Mickael Simon, Michael McIlorum, Sam Moa, Benjamin Jullien, Benjamin Garcia, Remi Casty (c). Substitutes (all used): Julian Bousquet, Jason Baitieri, Kenny Edwards, Mickael Goudemand. Tries: Tierney, Garcia, Williame. Goals: Drinkwater (4/4) Warrington: Stefan Ratchford, Tom Lineham, Bryson Goodwin, Toby King, Josh Charnley, Kevin Brown, Tyrone Roberts, Chris Hill (c), Daryl Clark, Mike Cooper, Harvey Livett, Jack Hughes, Ben Westwood. Substitutes (all used): Ben Murdoch-Masila, George King, Declan Patton, Joe Philbin. Tries: Murdoch-Masila, G King. Goals: Roberts (3/3) Broadcasts The primary broadcast organisation for the competition is BBC Sport. As in 2017 the BBC streamed one tie from each of the first five rounds live on the BBC Sport website with two games from the 6th, 7th and 8th rounds being broadcast live on BBC TV. Live matches References Explanatory notes Notes External links 2018 2018 in English rugby league 2018 in Welsh rugby league 2018 in French rugby league 2018 in Scottish sport 2018 in Irish sport 2018 in Canadian rugby league
19294628	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan%20Milenkovi%C4%87	Ivan Milenković	Ivan Milenković (), (born 3 July 1983) is a Serbian footballer who plays for FK Sinđelić Niš in the Serbian League East. Born in Niš, he started in Radnički Niš and played 145 games for the club. In 2007, he moved to FK Jagodina but played only 15 games in two seasons. In 2008, he went to FK Mladi Radnik for a half season. In 2010, he moved to Radnički Niš and had three good seasons. In summer 2013 he moved to FK Sinđelić Niš. Honours Serbian First League Winner (1): 2012 References 1983 births Living people Sportspeople from Niš Serbian footballers FK Jagodina players Serbian SuperLiga players Association football midfielders FK Mladi Radnik players FK Sinđelić Niš players
8538381	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E01%20expressway%20%28Sri%20Lanka%29	E01 expressway (Sri Lanka)	The Southern Expressway (; ) is Sri Lanka's first E Class highway. The highway links the Sri Lankan capital Colombo with Galle, Matara and Hambantota, major cities in the south of the island. The Southern Expressway Project (SEP) was introduced by the Road Development Authority and the Ministry of Highways as far back as late 1980s. The University of Moratuwa undertook an Environment Impact Assessment study in 1996, which was submitted to the government in early 1997. Construction of the highway began in 2003 and completion up to Galle was achieved by November 2011. March 2014 saw the section from Galle to Matara being declared open to the public. The construction of the expressway was partly funded by the Japan Bank for International Cooperation, who were responsible for the section between Kurundugahahetekma and Kokmaduwa, and the Asian Development Bank, responsible for the section between Kurundugahahetekma and Pinnaduwa. The expressway reduces the time taken to travel from Colombo to Galle () to one hour from three hours, and Colombo to Matara () to one and a half hours from four hours taken by the regular A2 highway. The extension of the expressway to Hambantota was inaugurated on 4 July 2015. The extension will be four lanes (with allowance of further two lanes in future), the cost of US$180M being funded by the Exim Bank of China. On 10 August 2015, a Highway Traffic Management system was inaugurated and currently covers the length of the expressway, including the Outer-Circular Expressway. On 23 February 2020, The final stage of the expressway which links to Hambanthota was opened to the public. Intersections Earnings and traffic volumes Toll structure Toll collection is currently done manually in cash by toll collectors. An electronic toll collection system has been proposed. See also References External links Expressway Operation Maintenance And Management Division Road Development Authority Highways in Sri Lanka
18292460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hush%20money	Hush money	Hush money is a term for an arrangement in which one person or party offers another an attractive sum of money or other enticement, in exchange for remaining silent about some illegal, stigmatized, or shameful behavior, action, or other fact about the person or party who has made the offer. Alternatively it can be money paid to placate a disgruntled adversary who may disclose embarrassing information, even if untrue. This is to save the intended person the harm and hassle of dealing with defamation. The person or party who presents the hush money may be attempting to avoid criminal prosecution, a lawsuit (as sometimes in the case of an out-of-court settlement), a leak of information to the news media, or silence about a stigmatized issue within one's own community. The information being covered up may include illegal activity, such as drug dealing, or some personal secret, such as an extramarital affair. In some cases, a government agency may be involved in the offer of hush money in order to protect the agency's employees, politicians and their appointees, or a national government in its standing among other nations in the world. It is usually given under the table. Hush money can refer to money paid in exchange for a nondisclosure agreement, which can be breached under court order. It can also refer to an agreement to say a thing didn't happen that did happen, even in court testimony. The latter type of agreement can be a criminal act itself as an obstruction of justice or perjury. The payment of hush money may or may not be illegal, depending on the circumstances. Origin The Oxford English Dictionary traces published use of the term to Sir Richard Steele in 1709. See also Blackmail Extortion Non-disclosure agreement John Edwards extramarital affair Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal References Bribery Sexuality and society
20901478	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Bishop%20%28rugby%20union%29	Edward Bishop (rugby union)	Edward "Teddy" Bishop (10 October 1864 – 24 February 1919) was a Welsh international rugby union player who played club rugby for Swansea and was capped once for Wales. Rugby career During the 1882/83 season, Bishop was part of the Llandovery College team that played against fellow Welsh college team Christ College, Brecon. By 1888, Bishop had switched to first class rugby club Swansea, and that year he was part of the team that faced the first international touring team, the New Zealand Natives. Bishop was suffering with damaged ribs, but played regardless showing bravery throughout the match. At one point Bishop missed the goal from a dropkick by a matter of inches. Swansea eventually lost the game by a goal and two tries to nil. In 1889 Bishop was selected for his one and only appearance for Wales. As part of the 1889 Home Nations Championship, Bishop was chosen to play against Scotland at Raeburn Place under the captaincy of Frank Hill. Wales lost the match and Bishop never represented his country again. International matches played Wales 1889 Bibliography References 1864 births 1919 deaths Wales international rugby union players Rugby union centres Swansea RFC players People educated at Llandovery College Rugby union players from Swansea

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