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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Daniel
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Arthur Daniel
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Arthur William Trollope Daniel (3 January 1841 – 26 January 1873) was an English all-round sportsman and amateur cricketer who played first-class cricket from 1861 to 1869.
Daniel was born at St Pancras, London, the son of William Thomas Shave Daniel. A barrister at Lincoln's Inn, he had been captain of the Harrow Cricket XI and played for its Football XI while at school there. Going up to Trinity College, Cambridge, he was a founder member of the Cambridge University Athletic Club, running in the hurdles race for the University at its first Inter-Varsity sports match in 1864.
After leaving Cambridge, he was mainly associated with Middlesex, as a right-handed batsman and occasional wicket-keeper. He made 37 known appearances in first-class matches. He played for several predominantly amateur teams including the Gentlemen in the Gentlemen v Players series.
He died of tuberculosis at his brother-in-law's house on Victoria Road, Clapham on 26 January 1873, and was buried at West Norwood Cemetery. He is commemorated in one light of a stained glass window at St Mary the Virgin church, Great Wakering, Essex.
References
Further reading
H S Altham, A History of Cricket, Volume 1 (to 1914), George Allen & Unwin, 1962
Arthur Haygarth, Scores & Biographies, Volumes 1-11 (1744–1870), Lillywhite, 1862–72
West Norwood Cemetery's Sportsmen, Friends of West Norwood Cemetery, 1995
External links
CricketArchive profile
Stained glass memorial
1841 births
1873 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
English cricketers
English cricketers of 1826 to 1863
English cricketers of 1864 to 1889
Cambridge University cricketers
Gentlemen cricketers
Middlesex cricketers
Burials at West Norwood Cemetery
Gentlemen of the South cricketers
North v South cricketers
Gentlemen of England cricketers
Gentlemen of Middlesex cricketers
People educated at Harrow School
19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
Tuberculosis deaths in England
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58766208
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otradnocetus
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Otradnocetus
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Otradnocetus is an extinct genus of baleen whale from the middle Miocene (late Burdigalian to early Serravallian) of the Russian Caucasus.
Taxonomy
Otradnocetus was described by the Georgian paleontologist Guram Mchedlidze in 1984 on the basis of GNM CO 1–90, a partial skeleton including the incomplete skull, mandible, 43 vertebrae and both forelimbs (humeri, radii, ulnae, a few carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges) with scapulae. The type specimen was found in Otradnaya, in the northwestern Russian Caucasus Mchedlidze assigned Otradnocetus to the family Cetotheriidae, at the time a wastebasket for baleen-bearing mysticetes that did belong to any crown-group mysticete group (followed by McKenna and Bell 1997). Later recognition of Cetotheriidae sensu McKenna and Bell (1997) as paraphyletic/polyphyletic rendered the systematic position of Otradnocetus, and the cladistic analyses of Gol'din & Steeman (2015) and Gol'din (2018) recovered Otradnocetus as sister to Parietobalaena securis in a clade basal to Cetotheriidae and a clade formed by Pinocetus, Cephalotropis, and Neobalaenidae. The juvenile specimen VSEGEI 2401, referred to Cetotherium aff. mayeri by Riabinin (1934) and also found in the Middle Miocene of the Russian Caucasus, was referred to Otradnocetus by Gol'din (2018).
Description
Otradnocetus is a medium-size cetothere 4-5 meters in length. It differs from other members of Cetotherioidea and is most similar to Parietobalaena in having a very short ascending process of the maxilla, a short lateral process of the maxilla, an anterior end of nasal located anterior to the rostrum base, and a supraorbital process of the frontal bone directed perpendicular to the anteroposterior axis of the skull. Differences from Parietobalaena include a supraorbital process of the frontal bone not elongated at the lateral end and a robust medially bent coronoid process of the mandible.
References
Miocene cetaceans
Miocene mammals of Europe
Miocene genus extinctions
Prehistoric cetacean genera
Fossil taxa described in 1984
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byerazino
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Byerazino
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Byerazino (), or Berezino (, , ), also known as Biarezan (Бярэзань, ), is a town on the Berezina River in Minsk Region of Belarus. The population is 11 832 (2016 census).
History
Although there are no documented points to determine the original founding date of the settlement on the territory of the present Berazino, it is believed that it originated as a trading post on the River Berezina which was part of the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks of the Kievan Rus. The first chronicles of a settlement date from 1501, which is believed to be the present date of its founding.
During the middle of the 16th century, the city belonged to one of the mightiest dynasties of the Great Duchy of Lithuania - the Sapieha Family, who controlled many other territories in Central Belarus. In 1641 the Duke Kazimierz Leon Sapieha built a wooden Catholic Church which became one of the central attractions of the town. In the course of the Russo-Polish War (1654–1667) the city was captured by Russian-Cossack forces in 1655, but was taken away from them and in 1661 became part of the Minsk Voivodeship.
During the Northern War in 1708, upon Charles XII's attempt to storm into the Rzecz Pospolita, releasing the Russian/Rzecz Pospolita blockade in neighbouring Barysaw, the Swedish king used Berazino to cross the Berezina River instead, however the conquest ended with the Battle of Poltava further south.
In 1793 the town was annexed by the Russian Empire in the course of the Second Partition of Poland. There are different versions of who owned the town after the Sapieha Family. The most logical version by berezino.net is that Sapieha owned the town until partition took place in 1793, and Berezino was granted by Empress Ekaterina II to Count Ludwik Tyszkiewicz. From him, the Berezino estate went to his daughter Anna Tyszkiewicz (married 1st time Potocka, 2nd time Wasowicz.) Anna Tyszkiewicz-Potocka-Wasowicz should be remembered in Berezino particularly well since she resuscitated the Roman Catholic Church in 1803, and built the Palace well before 1850. She tried to revive the Berezino region economically by starting a carpet factory in Horenichi village, but the investment didn't survive for long. The town was under French/Polish command in 1812 during Napoleon's Eastern Campaign, where his failed advance on Moscow was defeated fully by the forces of General Barclay de Tolly in early 1813. The town was in Potocki (pronounced Pototski) family possession well until June 1920, when the Bolshevik Red Army attacked Poland and subsequent peace treaty changed the Soviet-Polish borders as the place become part of Soviet territory. Last owner of Berezino was Count Antoni-Ludwik Potocki.
During the latter half of the 19th century, the town profited from its geographical position and in 1897 was noted to have 4871 residents, of which 3377 were Jews. By the start of World War I, it became a large river port which loaded goods (mostly salt and timber) and shipped them down the river to the Baltic Ports. Also, the liquor and alcohol industry began to be developed, including the Potocki's Vodka Distillery (est. 1893). It is considered the brilliant investment by Potocki family---to date, the most profitable enterprise, supplying much of the town budget and tax revenues.
In the aftermath of the Russian Revolution of 1917, the town changed hands several times, including German and Polish armies during the Russian Civil War and the Polish-Bolshevik War. Finally, on June 7, 1920, Berazino became part of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. From June 17, 1924, as a separate raion centre in the Barysaw District and in June 1927 - Minsk District. Eventually, the town grew, and on 15 February 1938 became part of the Mogilev Province. During that time, mass industrialisation took place, and the position of the river port allowed a development of shipbuilding, wheel, textile and liquor factories, as well as smaller workshops for automobiles and wood fabrics. The population also rose from 2,968 in 1930 to 4,800 in 1939.
During World War II, Byerazino was occupied by Nazi Germany from 3 July 1941 until 3 July 1944. During this time, Byerazino, like the rest of the eastern part of Belarus, was under the direct military administration of the Wehrmacht, unlike central, western and southern Belarus, which were under German civilian administration. During the German occupation, the entire Jewish population of Byerazino was killed. Byerazino was liberated by the 2nd Byelorussian Front on 3 July 1944 during operation "Bagration".
In September 1944, Byearazino became part of the Berazino District of Minsk Region, and on July 7, 1968 became a city. Presently, the town occupies an area of 1.9 square kilometres and its population is 13.3 thousand people (1998).
Economy
All of Berazino's products are sold abroad and in Belarus; the most notable production plants are:
Crystal raw alcohol and wine materials
Madikor construction material fabric
Timber production plant Berezinsky leskhoz
Dairy plant Berezinsky Syrodelny Zavod with famous cheeses and bifidum bacteria drinks
Textile fabric Berzka
In addition, there are a few other factories. including mineral water bottling, several bakeries and smaller local fabrics.
Education and culture
The city has three schools, one of which specializes in future pedagogical training. In addition there is what is known as a Centre of intellectual development, formally a school specializing in Physics and Mathematics: the centre focuses on developing youth talent, and helps guide the youth towards the correct institute for higher education in main urban centres of Belarus.
The central house of culture is the main point which also groups 22 rural points, altogether comprising 32 libraries, arts and music schools.
Health and welfare
The city has a central hospital with 4 additional local clinics and 26 rural health centres. Presently, there are 55 doctors and 243 nurses. The town is the birthplace of the physicist Alexandr Borisovich.
Athletically oriented, the city has 1 gymnasiums, 1 football fields, two stadiums, three archeries and one pool?. Many famous athletes are natives of Berazino, including Georgy Zhukovsky, Belarusian champion and part of the national team for waterpolo, Nikolay Khokol, world champion for rowing, and Valentina Sakhonchik, multiple champion of the USSR for velosports.
Tourism
In total there are 110 memorials comprising sculptures, monuments and plaques. 68 buildings are deemed as architectural heritage, including the famous House of Duke Pototsky, which is very much neglected by the government. A few decades more without restoration services, the building will surely collapse. The original wooden Roman Catholic Church, founded by L. Sapieha in 1641, and upgraded by countess Anna Potocka-Wasowicz in 1802, burnt down in a huge town fire in 1914.
The Berazino region also sports huge hunting and fishing resources.
People from Berazino
Alexander Parvus, Russian revolutionary;
Harry Rogoff, American journalist and newspaper editor
Hanna Rovina, Israeli actress;
Stanislaw Szostak, Polish military commander
References
External links
Unofficial page of Berezino Town - full source of the city (pics, religions, history, culture)
City Portal
Photos on Radzima.org
Shtetls of Belarus. Berezino, Borisov uyezd, Minsk gubernia. Also known as Berezin
The murder of the Jews of Byerazino during World War II, at Yad Vashem website
Byerazino, Belarus at KehilaLinks
Towns in Belarus
Populated places in Minsk Region
Minsk Voivodeship
Igumensky Uyezd
Holocaust locations in Belarus
Byerazino District
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2902368
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%20Shan%20%28painter%29
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Li Shan (painter)
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Li Shan (Chinese: 李鳝; c.1686–1762) was a Qing dynasty painter born in Jiangsu. He had an interest in painting at an early age and by 16 was a noteworthy painter. His paintings had an unrestricted quality and were influenced by Shitao. He was one of the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou.
Aside from painting he also served as a magistrate for a county in Shandong. Li Shan is also the name for two modern Chinese painters, one born in 1885 and the other in 1926.
External links
Chinaculture.org
Ink bamboo in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum, New York
"Swallows", painting in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum, New York
1686 births
1762 deaths
Qing dynasty painters
Politicians from Taizhou, Jiangsu
Painters from Taizhou, Jiangsu
Qing dynasty politicians from Jiangsu
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38105815
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0brahim%C3%B6z%C3%BC%2C%20G%C3%B6yn%C3%BCk
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İbrahimözü, Göynük
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İbrahimözü is a village in the District of Göynük, Bolu Province, Turkey. As of 2010 it had a population of 463 people.
References
Villages in Göynük District
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47078959
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignacio%20Ratti
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Ignacio Ratti
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Ignacio Ratti (born April 5, 1994) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays for Huracán.
Career
Ratti started his senior career playing for River Plate (Uruguay) in 2014–2015 season. In 2011, he was enrolled in Uruguay national under-17 football team and played in the 2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup.
In 2019, Ratti joined Huracán FC.
References
1994 births
Living people
Uruguayan footballers
Club Atlético River Plate (Montevideo) players
C.A. Progreso players
El Tanque Sisley players
Huracán F.C. players
Association football midfielders
Uruguayan Primera División players
Uruguayan Segunda División players
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15793975
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chasselay%2C%20Is%C3%A8re
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Chasselay, Isère
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Chasselay is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Isère department
References
Communes of Isère
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2856137
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern%20long-necked%20turtle
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Eastern long-necked turtle
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The eastern long-necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis) is an east Australian species of snake-necked turtle that inhabits a wide variety of water bodies and is an opportunistic feeder. It is a side-necked turtle (Pleurodira), meaning that it bends its head sideways into its shell rather than pulling it directly back.
Distribution
The species is found throughout south eastern Australia where it is found west of Adelaide (South Australia) eastwards throughout Victoria, Northern Territory and New South Wales, and northwards to the Fitzroy River of Queensland. Where these turtles come in contact with Chelodina canni they freely hybridise, exhibiting hybrid vigor in the Styx River Drainage of Queensland.
Description
The carapace is generally black in color, though some may be brown. It is broad and flattened with a deep medial groove. The scutes are edged in black in those individuals with a lighter background color. The plastron is also very broad and is cream to yellow in color with sutures edged in black. The neck is long and narrow, typical of the subgenus Chelodina, and reaches a length of approximately 60% of the carapace length. The neck has numerous small pointed tubercles and is grey to black in color dorsally, cream below, as is the narrow head. Females tend to grow to larger sizes and have deeper bodies. The maximum sizes recorded for females and males varies throughout the range, in river environments of the Murray it is and respectively, whereas in the Latrobe Valley it is and respectively. It is thought this is linked to productivity of the local environment.
When it feels threatened, this turtle will emit an offensive smelling fluid from its musk glands. This trait gives the turtle one of its other common names, "stinker".
The eastern long-necked turtle is carnivorous, eating a variety of animals. This includes insects, worms, tadpoles, frogs, small fish, crustaceans, and molluscs.
Reproduction
In early summer, the female will lay between two and ten eggs in the banks of her aquatic habitat. Three to five months later the hatchlings break out of their shells. These young turtles often fall prey to predators such as fish and birds. Females will lay one to three clutches of eggs per year.
Gallery
References
Turtles of Australia
Chelodina
Reptiles described in 1794
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49553062
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Matano
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Frank Matano
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Francesco Matano (born 14 September 1989) is an Italian comedian, television personality, YouTuber, and actor. He first gained notoriety in 2008 by publishing videos of phone pranks on YouTube. He is the first Italian YouTuber to reach one million subscribers.
He later participated in the television shows Le Iene, as an envoy and presenter, and Italia's Got Talent, as a judge.
Biography
Frank Matano was born in Santa Maria Capua Vetere in 1989, from an Italian father and an American mother. He grew up in Carinola, but during his teenage years he studied languages in the United States, graduating from Cranston High School East, Rhode Island. Back in Italy, starting from 2007, at the age of 18, he comes to success on the web thanks to his YouTube channel consisting mainly of videos of telephone jokes and social experiments. For a short period he attended the University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, studying languages and without taking exams. Together with Willwoosh and ClioMakeUp, Matano is considered among the first and most famous Italian YouTuber.
In 2009 comes the first television experience, for the program Le Iene and the following year presents a program on Sky, dedicated to telephone jokes, called Sky Scherzando?. In 2011 he participated in the program Ti lascio una canzone by Antonella Clerici, conducting short interviews with the cast boys. In 2012 he participated in the Lost in Google webseries with the JackaL and in September of the same year participated in 2012 prima di morire on La3, together with Jacopo Morini, and then appeared in the video of the song "Ragazzo inadeguato" by Max Pezzali .
In 2013 he made his film debut by entering the cast of the film Fuga di cervelli, directed by Paolo Ruffini. Also in 2013, he created a second channel on YouTube dedicated to the world of videogames called "FRANK MATANO Games". In 2014 he is seen as an actor for another film, Tutto molto bello, also directed by Paolo Ruffini, released in cinemas from 9 October 2014. Also in 2014 Frank joins the Italian dubbers, dubbing the animated South Park series.
In 2015 he appeared on television as an envoy of Le Iene presentano: Scherzi a parte, planning jokes with victims Paolo Brosio and Paolo Ruffini. In the same year he returns to the cinema and takes part, together with Claudio Bisio, in the film What a Beautiful Surprise, directed by Alessandro Genovesi and in cinemas from 11 March 2015. In the same period, he also returns to television as a judge to Italia's got talent. In May 2015 he was consecrated "Revelation of the year" at the 2015 TV Direction Award.
In 2016 he presented Le Iene with Ilary Blasi and Giampaolo Morelli on Sunday. From 16 October 2016 Matano presented the midweek episode, always supporting the same colleagues. Towards the end of 2015 and the beginning of 2016, he dubbed Duke Donnolesi of Zootropolis, where he collaborates with Paolo Ruffini who dubbed the character of Yax.
From November 2017 together with Claudio Bisio presents The Comedians, broadcast on TV8.
In 2018 he starred in the film I'm Back, directed by Luca Miniero. Also in 2018, he was the protagonist of another film Tonno spiaggiato, directed by Matteo Martinez.
On 4 February 2018 he participates as a competitor along with Iva Zanicchi at the special edition of Guess My Age - Indovina l'età led by Enrico Papi on the Italian channel TV8. In 2021, he participated as a competitor in the Italian comedy show LOL - Chi ride è fuori.
Filmography
Films
Television
Music videos
References
External links
1989 births
Italian YouTubers
Living people
People from Santa Maria Capua Vetere
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3487686
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remainder%20%28law%29
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Remainder (law)
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In property law of the United Kingdom and the United States and other common law countries, a remainder is a future interest given to a person (who is referred to as the transferee or remainderman) that is capable of becoming possessory upon the natural end of a prior estate created by the same instrument. Thus, the prior estate must be one that is capable of ending naturally, for example upon the expiration of a term of years or the death of a life tenant. A future interest following a fee simple absolute cannot be a remainder because of the preceding infinite duration.
For example, a person, D, gives ("conveys") a piece of real property called Blackacre "to A for life, and then to B and her heirs". A receives a life estate in Blackacre and B holds a remainder, which can become possessory when the prior estate naturally terminates (A's death). However, B cannot claim the property until A's death.
There are two types of remainders in property law: vested and contingent. A vested remainder is held by a specific person without any conditions precedent; a contingent remainder is one for which the holder has not been identified, or for which a condition precedent must be satisfied.
Vested remainder
A remainder is vested if (1) the remainder is given to a presently existing and ascertained person, and (2) it is not subject to a condition precedent. There are three types of vested remainders: indefeasibly vested, vested subject to open, and vested subject to divestment. An indefeasibly vested remainder is certain to become possessory in the future, and cannot be divested. For example, O conveys to "A for life, then to B and B's heirs." B has an indefeasibly vested remainder certain to become possessory upon termination of A's life estate. B or B's heirs will clearly be entitled to possession upon A’s death.
Vested remainders subject to open are rare. The most common example is: "A conveys Blackacre to B for life, remainder to the children of C in fee simple, and C has two children D and E". Both D and E are ascertainable people but both are capable of dying before C, so the vested remainder is not certain to become possessory and thus the remainder is defeasible. The most important distinction between vested remainders subject to open and indefeasibly vested remainders are that vested subject to open remainders can be subject to language in the conveyance which can enlarge the class of persons which have a future interest in the property. Thus, C may have more children than just D and E who will also have a future interest in Blackacre.
Vested remainders subject to divestment are remainders that may be terminated by an executory interest before becoming possessory. For example, "A conveys Blackacre to B for life, then to C, but if C ever becomes a lawyer, then to D." The future interest of C is not certain, thus it is defeasible. Additionally, the interest cannot become smaller by the addition of more remainder owners, thus it is not open. The identifying component is the possibility of being divested by D who owns an executory interest from the remainder if C becomes a lawyer.
Contingent remainder
The contingent remainder is one that is surrounded in uncertainty. A remainder is contingent if one or more of the following is true: (1) it is conveyed to an unascertained or unborn person, (2) it is made contingent on anything but the natural termination of the preceding estate.For example, if we assume that B is alive, and O conveys "to A for life, then to the heirs of B...", then the remainder is contingent because the heirs of B cannot be ascertained until B dies. No living person can have actual heirs, only heirs apparent or heirs presumptive. We might also assume that B is unmarried, and O conveys "to A for life, and then to B if B marries." B's interest is a contingent remainder because B's interest is contingent on B's getting married.
In recent years, courts in the United States have merged contingent remainders with executory interests into one category.
Identifying remainders
The key difference between a reversion and a remainder is that a reversion is held by the grantor of the original conveyance, whereas "remainder" is used to refer to an interest that would be a reversion, but is instead transferred to someone other than the grantor. Similarly to reversions, remainders are usually created in conjunction with a life estate, life estate pur autre vie, or fee tail estate (or a future interest that will eventually become one of these estates).
Usage note: Although the term reversion is sometimes used to refer to the interest retained by a landlord when he grants possession to a tenant, not all real estate professionals can agree on the correctness of this usage of the term. Few people would refer to such a transferred interest as a remainder, so this type of "remainder" tends not to be a problem when discussing property rights.
Examples
"A and her heirs, then to B"
B's estate is not a remainder since a remainder cannot follow an estate held in fee simple absolute.
"A for life, then to B"
B's estate is a vested remainder since the remainder is given to an ascertained person (B) and there are no precedent conditions (such as "if B is not married").
"A for life, then to B if B reaches 21, and if B does not reach 21 then to C and C's heirs"
B's and C's estates are both contingent remainders. While B and C are ascertained persons, the condition (reaching 21) implies alternative contingent remainders for both parties.
Special remainder in peerages
In the United Kingdom it is possible for a patent creating a hereditary peerage to allow for succession by someone other than an heir-male or heir of the body, under a so-called "special remainder". Several instances may be cited: the Barony of Nelson (to an elder brother and his heirs-male), the Earldom of Roberts (to a daughter and her heirs-male), the Barony of Amherst (to a nephew and his heirs-male) and the Dukedom of Dover (to a younger son and his heirs-male while the eldest son is still alive). In many cases, at the time of the grant the proposed peer in question had no sons, nor any prospect of producing any, and the special remainder was made to allow remembrance of his personal honour to continue after his death and to preclude an otherwise certain rapid extinction of the peerage. However, in all cases the course of descent specified in the patent must be known in common law. For instance, the Crown may not make a "shifting limitation" in the letters patent; in other words, the patent may not vest the peerage in an individual and then, upon some event other than death (such as succession to a higher title), shift the title to another person. The doctrine was established in the Buckhurst Peerage Case (1876) 2 App Cas 1, in which the House of Lords deemed invalid the letters patent intended to keep the Barony of Buckhurst separate from the Earldom of De La Warr. The patent stipulated that if the holder of the barony should ever inherit the earldom, then he would be deprived of the barony, which would instead pass to the next successor as if the deprived holder had died without issue.
See also
Executory interest
Future interest
Rule in Shelley's Case
Doctrine of worthier title
References
Common law
Property law
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40889224
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobbs%20and%20Mitchell%20Building
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Cobbs and Mitchell Building
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The Cobbs and Mitchell Building is an office building located at 100 East Chapin Street in Cadillac, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1980. and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.
Background
George A. Mitchell, the youngest son of Congressman William Mitchell, arrived in the Cadillac area in 1869, exploring the proposed route of the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad. Mitchell was particularly interested in the area near Clam Lake (now Lake Cadillac). In 1871, he returned to the area and platted a village on the shore of the lake, and by January 1872 the village had 300 inhabitants. Mitchell was able to induce many influential businessmen and lumbermen to settle in his new community, including his nephew William W. Mitchell; John R. Yale, who opened the Pioneer Sawmill in June 1871; and Jonathon W. Cobbs.
Cobbs was born in Westville, Ohio in 1828, the son of Joseph and Tacy Cobbs. He learned his father's trade of woodworking, then moved to Butlerville, Indiana to operate a sawmill. There in 1855 he married Nancy J. Preble; the couple had three daughters: Tacy, Fauna, and Isabelle, and adopted a son, Frank. Cobbs eventually owned three sawmills in Indiana, but decided that the Cadillac area held more promise; he moved there in 1874 and purchased the Pioneer Sawmill from John R. Yale. In 1877, he took on William W. Mitchell as a partner.
William W. Mitchell was born in 1854 in Hillsdale, Michigan, the third son of Charles T. Mitchell. He went to school at Hillsdale College, and in 1873 followed his uncle George to Cadillac. There he married Ella Yost; the couple had two children, Charles T. and Marie. He worked for his uncle for a few years, and in 1877 entered into a partnership with Jonathon W. Cobbs, marking the beginning of the firm of Cobbs & Mitchell. Cobbs & Mitchell was among the largest lumbering firms in Michigan, supplying hardwood flooring and other products to consumers. At its high point, Cobbs & Mitchell used 100,000 feet of raw lumber daily.
Jonathon W. Cobbs remained active in the business until approximately 1895, when he fell ill and turned over his duties to his son Frank. Jonathon W. Cobbs died in 1898. William W. Mitchell continued on as president of the firm; he also formed Mitchell Brothers with his brother, Austin W. Mitchell, to make flooring.
Building history
In 1905, Cobbs & Mitchell hired George D. Mason of Detroit to design this brick and limestone building as a showplace for their products. The building was completed in 1907, and served as the headquarters and sales offices of Cobbs & Mitchell and of Mitchell Brothers Company, with space leased to other lumbering interests and local firms. In 1938, the State Highway Department (now the Michigan Department of Transportation) purchased the building; they used it as a headquarters for planning expansion of roadways in the northern Michigan area.
The Michigan Department of Transportation used the building until 2008. In 2010, it was acquired by the city of Cadillac, which intended to promote the reuse of the property by the private sector. Later in the year, the city sold the building to Michilake Corporation, a private developer. The building has been refinished.
In April 2017, philanthropist, real estate developer and investor, Robb Munger became the owner of the Cobbs and Mitchell historical building. Robb Munger has restored and updated the historical landmark including preserving the vintage woodwork, creating a handicap access (including an elevator) and replacing the old boiler system with a modern HVAC system that will better preserve the historical landmark. Robb Munger opened the building on July 3rd, 2018 to the public for an open house and to celebrate its renovation.
Description
The Cobbs & Mitchell Building is a single story Classical Revival structure built of brick and limestone with a hip roof. It is three bays wide, with a grand center entryway decorated by decorative garland molds. Limestone forms the base of the building, rising eight feet from grade level.
The interior contains in a main floor, basement level, and unfinished attic. The building is finished throughout using nine varieties of wood native to Michigan: elm, white maple, bird's-eye maple, sap birch, red birch, curly red birch, red beech, red oak and hemlock. The original marble fireplaces, radiators, and wallpaper are intact.
References
Office buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
Neoclassical architecture in Michigan
Buildings and structures in Wexford County, Michigan
Michigan State Historic Sites
National Register of Historic Places in Wexford County, Michigan
Office buildings completed in 1905
1905 establishments in Michigan
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13127546
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nielles-l%C3%A8s-Ardres
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Nielles-lès-Ardres
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Nielles-lès-Ardres is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.
Geography
Nielles-lès-Ardres lies about 14 miles (22 km) northwest of Saint-Omer, on the D225E road.
Population
Places of interest
The church of St. Pierre, dating from the year 1200.
Ruins of the château de la Montoire, destroyed by the duc de Vendôme in 1542.
Château de la Cressonnerie, built between 1808/1812.
The seventeenth century ‘Le Colombier’, an enormous round tower.
See also
Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department
References
INSEE commune file
Nielleslesardres
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43522935
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mois%C3%A9s%20L%C3%B3pez%20%28cyclist%29
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Moisés López (cyclist)
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Moises López (born 29 June 1940) is a former Mexican cyclist. He competed in the individual road race and team time trial events at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1940 births
Living people
Mexican male cyclists
Olympic cyclists of Mexico
Cyclists at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people)
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48920714
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978%20Liberty%20Bowl
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1978 Liberty Bowl
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The 1978 Liberty Bowl, a college football postseason bowl game, took place on December 23, 1978, at Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee. The competing teams in the 20th edition of the Liberty Bowl were the LSU Tigers of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and the Missouri Tigers of the Big Eight Conference. Missouri defeated LSU by a final score of 20–15.
Teams
LSU
The 1978 LSU squad finished the regular season with a record of 8–3 and losses against Alabama, Georgia and Mississippi State. The appearance marked the first for LSU in the Liberty Bowl, and the school's 21st overall bowl game.
Missouri
The 1978 Missouri squad finished the regular season with a record of 7–4 and losses against Alabama, Colorado, Oklahoma and Oklahoma State. The appearance marked the first for Missouri in the Liberty Bowl, and the school's fifteenth overall bowl game.
Game summary
Scoring summary
Source:
Statistics
Aftermath
Each program later returned to the Liberty Bowl: Missouri lost to Purdue in 1980, then lost to Oklahoma State in 2018, while LSU fell to Baylor in 1985.
Missouri joined the Southeastern Conference (SEC) in 2012 after playing 16 seasons in the Big 12, which was formed in 1996 when four schools from the former Southwest Conference combined with the Big Eight.
LSU defeated Missouri, 42–7, at Baton Rouge on October 1, 2016, in the first regular season meeting between the schools in what was also Ed Orgeron's first game as LSU head coach. Four years later, Eli Drinkwitz earned his first victory as Missouri coach with a 45-41 decision over LSU at Columbia. The game was originally scheduled for Baton Rouge, but moved three days prior to kickoff due to the approach of Hurricane Delta to the Louisiana coast.
References
Liberty Bowl
Liberty Bowl
LSU Tigers football bowl games
Missouri Tigers football bowl games
Liberty Bowl
December 1978 sports events in the United States
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9031103
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasons%20for%20the%20failure%20of%20British%20Caledonian
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Reasons for the failure of British Caledonian
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In December 1987, following substantial losses, the private, British independent airline British Caledonian (BCal) was taken over by newly privatised British Airways (BA).
The prime causes for the failure of the "Second Force" concept and BCal's demise were:
The unwieldy route structure it had inherited from British United Airways (BUA).
The Government's reluctance to live up to the spirit of the "Second Force" aviation policy through concrete deeds.
The Government's conflict of interest as the sole owner of British Airways as well as the regulator for all British airlines.
The 1976 "spheres of influence" policy that left both major British scheduled airlines with fragmented networks, thereby putting them at a competitive disadvantage vis-à-vis their main international rivals.
The political consensus at the time that was hostile to the idea of wholly privately owned airlines providing scheduled services in competition with wholly or majority government-owned flag carriers, especially on the high-profile trunk routes.
Highly restrictive bilateral air services agreements with little or no scope for dual designation.
The cumbersome process to gain a licence to operate a scheduled service during the 1970s and early 1980s.
The fact that on identical routes with the same fare structure load factors, revenues and yields are significantly lower at Gatwick than at Heathrow.
Gatwick's location and its smaller catchment area compared with Heathrow.
The Government's failure to fully accept the recommendations of the Civil Aviation Authority's 1984 airline competition White Paper that would have strengthened BCal's position at Gatwick by considerably increasing the scale and scope of its operation to enable it to withstand the competitive onslaught from a privatised BA.
The route structure BCal had inherited from BUA at the time of its inception was the result of unplanned and unsystematic growth since the early 1960s.
At the time, Sir Freddie Laker had begun building up BUA's scheduled route network in his capacity as that airline's managing director. In those days very limited opportunities existed for wholly privately owned, independent airlines to provide fully fledged scheduled air services on major domestic and international trunk routes. This resulted in a poor fit of many routes in BUA's network of scheduled services, thereby making it difficult to offer sensible connections that could be marketed to the travelling public. It also represented the best network structure Sir Freddie was able to put in place under the then prevailing regulatory regime.
The resulting network of domestic, European and intercontinental long-haul scheduled services from Gatwick was a motley collection of routes. This made it difficult to develop profitable streams of transfer traffic using Gatwick as a hub. Therefore, it was a challenge to persuade people to fly to Gatwick from relatively minor places like Genoa or Jersey in order to make an onward connection at the airport to secondary places in Africa or South America, and an even greater challenge to do this profitably.
At the height of its commercial success in the late 1970s and early 1980s, BCal focussed on those routes that carried a very high proportion of profitable, oil-related, premium business traffic. It even managed to become the preferred airline for high-ranking oil industry executives based in Texas, by providing convenient, hassle-free connections between Houston/Dallas, Lagos and Tripoli via the airline's Gatwick base. However, this initially successful strategy made the company dependent for most of its profits on a small number of markets whose fortunes were tied to the commodity price cycle, in unstable parts of the world, .
Although this worked in BCal's favour when the price of a barrel of crude oil was high during the late 1970s/early 1980s, it worked against it when the oil price collapsed in the mid-1980s. It also further compounded the firm's growing financial problems at the time, culminating in the financial crisis that led to its takeover by BA.
Despite BCal being awarded several licences to commence scheduled services on a number of high-profile long-haul routes with a good mix of business and leisure traffic, the Government made little or no attempt to assist the airline in obtaining reciprocal traffic rights from overseas governments that would have enabled it to use all of these licences.
For instance, the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) had awarded BCal licences to launch fully fledged scheduled services from London Gatwick to New York's John F. Kennedy Airport (JFK), Los Angeles, Boston, Houston, Atlanta, Toronto and Singapore during the 1972 "Cannonball" hearings. However, it took the UK Government four years to negotiate a new air services agreement with the US government that actually enabled BCal to make use of its Houston and Atlanta licences. Renegotiation of the then very restrictive UK—Canadian air treaty that could have permitted BCal to operate a scheduled service to Toronto took even longer. British Overseas Airways Corporation's resistance to opening the lucrative Far Eastern route to Singapore to home-grown competition by another British scheduled airline was so strong that BCal eventually only managed to obtain a renewable, three-months exempt charter permit, which entitled the airline to operate a small number of seat-only charter flights between Gatwick, Bahrain and Singapore.
In addition, the UK Government itself began to undermine the "Second Force" concept from the moment it decided to re-allocate BCal's unused Gatwick—JFK and Gatwick—Los Angeles International licences to rival independent airline Laker Airways, following Sir Freddie's high-profile, public campaign to get his proposed Skytrain off the ground. The "Second Force" concept was furthermore undermined when the Government overturned the CAA's refusal to grant British Midland a licence to begin domestic scheduled services on the two main trunk routes between London and Scotland from Heathrow, without giving BCal reciprocal access to that airport. The "Second Force" policy was finally killed off when the Government decided to go ahead with BA's privatisation. Moreover, the CAA undermined the Government's "Second Force" policy as well by awarding Air Europe licences to launch scheduled services on several routes from Gatwick to Continental Europe in direct competition with existing BCal services. These measures significantly weakened BCal. They also had a detrimental effect on the airline's ability to establish itself as an effective competitor to the major scheduled airlines that were operating from Heathrow.
The conflict of interest that arose out of the UK Government's dual role as the sole owner of BA, at the time by far the largest British scheduled airline accounting for between three-quarters and four-fifths of the total output of Britain's entire scheduled air transport industry, as well as the regulator for all UK airlines meant that the interests of the "Second Force" were not always at the top of the Government's list of priorities. This conflict of interest put the Government in a dilemma when it was preparing BA for privatisation during the mid-1980s, knowing full well that this was likely to pose a major threat to BCal without substantial route transfers from the former to the latter, which would have enabled BCal to become big enough to compete with BA and other large scheduled airlines on a level playing field. At the same time, the Government was well aware that it risked undermining BA's successful flotation on London's stock exchange if it agreed to the transfer of several of BA's most lucrative long-haul routes to BCal, as well as the removal of all capacity restrictions on short-haul routes where both airlines were already competing with each other, as recommended by the CAA and requested by BCal itself.
The "spheres of influence" policy, which the Government had imposed on both of Britain's major scheduled carriers as a result of an aviation policy review conducted in the mid-1970s against a backdrop of huge losses the airline industry had faced in the aftermath of the early-'70s oil crisis and which had effectively eliminated long-haul competition between BA and BCal, had fragmented both airlines' networks. This had weakened them internationally in comparison with their main overseas rivals. The resulting weakening of BA's and BCal's international competitive strength was of far greater concern to the latter as it was much smaller than either BA or most of its foreign-based competitors and had a less comprehensive network offering fewer connections than most rival airlines.
At the time of BCal's inception, politicians on the left of the UK's political spectrum – in particular, Labour left wingers and most of the unions – opposed wholly private, independent airlines providing scheduled services in competition with the state-owned corporations. These critics' world view had been shaped by their World War II and early post-War experiences. They therefore regarded any form of competition as a waste of scarce resources. Some of them were also ideologically driven in their opposition to private enterprise playing a prominent role in the UK's air transport industry.
Restrictive bilateral air services agreements that had little or no scope for dual designation meant that BCal was effectively kept out of many markets for which it had already obtained licences from the CAA.
Even where the bilateral air services agreement between the UK and a foreign country enabled BCal to be designated as the second UK flag carrier, the airline was still facing numerous restrictions, in terms of the number of flights it could operate and/or the number of seats it could sell as well as the lowest fares it could offer. For example, the Anglo-French air treaty did not limit the number of airlines the UK Government could designate on the London—Paris route. However, it stipulated that all British airlines' combined share of the total capacity on that route could not exceed the combined capacity share of all French airlines, and that all capacity increases needed to be mutually agreed by both sides. As Air France was the only airline the French government had designated to serve this route, this effectively meant that BA and BCal were compelled to share between themselves the 50% of the total capacity between London and Paris that had been allocated to the UK. It also gave Air France an effective veto over any capacity increase, thereby allowing that airline to dictate the pace at which additional capacity could be added. It took BCal 15 years to attain a 20% share of the London—Paris market's total capacity since it commenced scheduled operations on that route.
BCal tried to work around these restrictions by using larger One-Eleven 500s in a low-density configuration featuring a first class section on week days and smaller, single-class One-Eleven 200s on week-ends. This enabled it to offer a higher frequency on week days, resulting in a more competitive schedule for business travellers while keeping within its allocated capacity share.
BCal faced similar capacity restrictions on the London—Amsterdam and London—Brussels routes, while other European governments refused requests from their UK counterpart to have BCal designated as a second UK flag carrier, arguing that there was no equivalent of a "Second Force" in their countries that could have matched the additional capacity BCal would have offered, that there simply were no spare capacities to do so, that this would violate the letter and spirit of the relevant bilateral air treaties/pool agreements, or that total British market share already exceeded that of the relevant overseas flag carriers when charter traffic was included as well.
BCal continued operating BUA's former regional routes from Gatwick to Le Touquet and Rotterdam for several years to provide additional capacity to/from alternative airports that were relatively close to the main airports where its operations were subject to capacity restrictions.
Some countries imposed capacity restrictions on BCal's operations even on regional routes that did not compete with any trunk routes and therefore could not have caused a diversion of traffic from these routes. BCal's London—Genoa route was a case in point. The only way the Italian authorities agreed to BCal's request to add an additional Saturday frequency on that route was to compel the airline to enter into a pool agreement with Alitalia. Under that agreement BCal was forced to share its revenues on that route with Italy's flag carrier, even after that airline had withdrawn its own Heathrow—Genoa service it had originally operated in competition with the Gatwick—Genoa service provided by BUA/BCal.
Such anti-competitive practices were not confined to BCal's European operations. The bilateral agreements governing most of BCal's long-haul routes obliged the airline to enter into a pool agreement with the designated foreign flag carrier[s]. These agreements stipulated that all revenues were to be equally shared by all carriers serving the same route. This usually meant that revenues were shared on a 50:50 basis, regardless of each carrier's actual market share. The only exceptions to this rule were the US as well as the Asian countries to which BCal flew. As far as the US was concerned, no US airline was allowed to enter into a pool agreement with any other airline – especially, a wholly/majority government-owned, foreign carrier – as this constituted a violation of that country's antitrust laws. With regard to the Asian countries that received scheduled services from BCal, the UK already had fully liberalised or fairly liberal bilateral air services agreements with these countries.
These bilateral restrictions seriously impeded BCal's efforts to successfully build a network of short-haul, European feeder services that was essential to provide sufficient transfer traffic for its long-haul routes from Gatwick. Furthermore, these restrictions made it difficult to offer its passengers a more frequent service on certain long-haul routes that could have attracted more high-yield business traffic. It also left the airline with an incomplete network, which resulted in a weak route structure. This, in turn, constituted a major competitive disadvantage.
As a general rule, a full-service scheduled operation at Gatwick with a fare structure that is identical to a similar operation at Heathrow produces a 10% lower load factor. For example, BCal's scheduled load factors at Gatwick rarely exceeded 60% whereas comparable BA load factors at Heathrow were usually above 70%. BCal tried to compensate for this difference in load factors between Gatwick and Heathrow by being a more cargo-oriented carrier than BA. Compared with BA, cargo accounted for a greater share of BCal's total revenues and profits.
Similarly, a scheduled service at Gatwick generates a 20% lower revenue and results in a 15% lower yield than a comparable service at Heathrow.
Heathrow's and Gatwick's respective geographic location as well as the number of people living within each airport's catchment area accounts for this difference in load factors, revenues and yields.
The former has a bigger catchment area than the latter because more people live north of the Thames than south of it. Heathrow's catchment area includes about three-quarters of London's population and roughly two-thirds of the population in Southeast England. London is where most of the demand for air travel in the Southeast originates. In addition, for most Londoners, Gatwick was a far less accessible airport than Heathrow in the days prior to the M25, as a result of its greater distance from most parts of London. In those days it took almost two hours to drive there from central London despite the low level of vehicular traffic. The only advantage Gatwick enjoyed over Heathrow in terms of ease and speed of access was its direct rail link to London Victoria.
The size of an airport's catchment area and its accessibility are of particular significance for the premium travel market. Back then, Heathrow's relative ease of access meant that it could attract a far greater number of travellers who were living or working in London than Gatwick. Moreover, Heathrow's larger catchment area meant that it was able to offer more frequent flights to a greater number of destinations with more conveniently timed connections. This, in turn, helped attract a greater number of business travellers who were the airlines' most profitable customers. It also meant that there were at least four to five business travellers in Heathrow's catchment area for every business traveller in Gatwick's catchment area.
This constituted a major competitive disadvantage BCal faced at Gatwick compared with other airlines that were based at Heathrow. It was further compounded by the fact that Gatwick had few connecting flights during the 1970s and early 1980s, as a result of the regulatory regime as well as the bilateral air services agreements the UK Government had negotiated with its overseas counterparts. (The former necessitated going through a costly and time-consuming process to gain a licence to operate a scheduled service. This involved lengthy hearings the CAA conducted for each route application where BA and other independent airlines, which felt the Government's policy of making BCal its "chosen instrument" of the private sector discriminated against them, objected to BCal's application and – in cases where there were several rival applications – against each other as well. The latter often had no scope for designating a second British scheduled airline in addition to the incumbent carrier. This meant that even in those cases where BCal had succeeded in securing licences to operate scheduled services on routes of its choice, it was prevented from using these licences if it involved an international service where there was no scope in the relevant bilateral agreement for the UK Government to designate it as the second UK flag carrier.) At the same time, Heathrow was the most important point in the world for interline traffic with more passengers changing flights there than at any other airport.
Whatever connections there were at Gatwick were mostly provided by BCal itself, at great cost to the airline. Since the early-1970s oil crisis, only the four short-haul BCal routes from Gatwick to Paris, Brussels, Jersey and Genoa had made a positive contribution, with Paris, Jersey and Genoa being the only routes that were genuinely profitable in their own right. However, given the fact that 40% of the airline's scheduled passengers were changing from one of its flights to another at Gatwick, BCal's dependency on providing this limited number of feeder services was such that withdrawing any of these services or significantly reducing frequencies – even those of loss-making services – had an immediate, negative impact on the loads of the profitable long-haul services and, therefore, on the company's overall profitability as well. It was with this in mind that BCal's senior management had always justified keeping its UK mainland domestic trunk routes despite these losing £2 million each year ever since BA had introduced its high-frequency Shuttle service on these routes from Heathrow. This had led to a reduction in frequency of the competing BCal services from Gatwick as the airport's smaller catchment area did not allow BCal to generate the minimum traffic flows that would have made a competing, high-frequency service from Gatwick viable. BCal's senior management estimated that its short-haul domestic feeder flights generated additional yearly long-haul revenues of £5 million and that the European feeder services added £20 million to the company's long-haul revenues.
The Government's decision to permit a limited transfer of routes from BA to BCal, rather than the major route transfer as well as the removal of capacity restrictions on all short-haul feeder routes proposed by BCal itself and advocated by the CAA's review of airline competition policy ahead of BA's privatisation, did not make BCal big enough in terms of economies of scale and scope to develop an efficient hub-and-spoke operation at Gatwick. This would have enabled BCal to compete with a much bigger, privatised BA as well as the giant US carriers on a level playing field. Instead, the limited route transfer still left BCal in an operationally and financially much weaker position than its far bigger and stronger rivals. This increased the airline's vulnerability to external shocks, thereby seriously undermining its financial strength to withstand such crises.
Notes and Citations
Notes
Citations
British Caledonian
British Caledonian
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4622984
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1rcoles%20River
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Tárcoles River
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The Tárcoles River, also called the Grande de Tárcoles River or the Río Grande de Tarcoles, in Costa Rica originates on the southern slopes of the Cordillera Central volcanic range and flows in a south-westerly direction to the Gulf of Nicoya. The river is long and its watershed covers an area of , which encompasses around 50% of the country's population.
Course
The river's watershed drains approximately 67% of Costa Rica's untreated organic and industrial waste and is considered the most contaminated river basin in the country.
The river's upper reaches form the northern border of the Carara Biological Reserve. It is a habitat for American crocodiles, while the marshes located at the river's mouth have many waterfowl and wading birds. Among the many herons and egrets are the boatbill and bare-throated tiger heron, and other birds found here include double-striped thick-knee, mangrove warbler and American pygmy kingfisher.
Reptiles, such as the American crocodile, caiman, common basilisk and large iguanas, are also easily seen.
References
Rivers of Costa Rica
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67337179
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntia%20Salha
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Syntia Salha
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Syntia Hikmat Salha (; born 12 January 2003) is a Lebanese footballer who plays as a midfielder for Lebanese club Safa and the Lebanon national team.
Club career
Salha scored 13 goals for Safa in the 2020–21 season, helping her side win their first league title as the league top scorer.
International career
Salha made her international debut for Lebanon on 8 April 2021, coming on as a substitute in a friendly game against Armenia. She scored her first two goals on 30 August, in a 5–1 win against Sudan.
Career statistics
International
Scores and results list Lebanon's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Salha goal.
Honours
Safa
Lebanese Women's Football League: 2020–21
Lebanon U18
WAFF U-18 Girls Championship: 2019
Individual
Lebanese Women's Football League top goalscorer: 2020–21
See also
List of Lebanon women's international footballers
References
External links
2003 births
Living people
People from Baabda District
Lebanese women's footballers
Women's association football midfielders
Akhaa Ahli Aley FC (women) players
Safa WFC players
Lebanese Women's Football League players
Lebanon women's youth international footballers
Lebanon women's international footballers
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17360323
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katsuyuki%20Miyazawa
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Katsuyuki Miyazawa
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is a former Japanese football player.
Playing career
Miyazawa was born in Narashino on September 15, 1976. After graduating from Meiji University, he joined J1 League club Urawa Reds in 1999. Although he played several matches as forward and offensive midfielder, he could not play many matches. In 2002, he moved to J2 League club Albirex Niigata. He became a regular player as defensive midfielder and offensive midfielder. The club won the champions in 2003 and was promoted to J1 from 2004. However his opportunity to play decreased. In July 2004, he moved to J2 club Montedio Yamagata on loan. He became a regular player as left midfielder. In 2005, he returned to Albirex Niigata. However he could hardly play in the match. In September 2006, he moved to Montedio Yamagata again. He became a regular player as left midfielder again and played many matches for a long time. The club was also promoted to J1 from 2009. In 2011, the club finished at the bottom place and was relegated J2 from 2012. His opportunity to play also decreased in 2012 and he retired end of 2012 season.
Club statistics
References
External links
1976 births
Living people
People from Narashino
Meiji University alumni
Association football people from Chiba Prefecture
Japanese footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Urawa Red Diamonds players
Albirex Niigata players
Montedio Yamagata players
Association football midfielders
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24437590
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copa%20Sim%C3%B3n%20Bol%C3%ADvar%20%28Bolivia%29
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Copa Simón Bolívar (Bolivia)
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The old 2nd tier in the Bolivian Football pyramid consists of 9 regional leagues (one for each department), the number of participants varies depending on the department, It usually has between 8 and 12 teams. Both winner and runner-up of each league compete in the Copa Simón Bolívar, with the winner of such tournament gaining promotion to the 1st Division, and the runner-up playing a play-off match with the 11th placed team in the 1st Division. Until 1976 all 8 regional championships (Pando didn't have an organized tournament back then) were the top in the national football pyramid, with the winner of the Copa Simón Bolívar being crowned as national champion. In 2011, and for five seasons, the Copa Simón Bolívar was replaced by the Liga Nacional B, until 2016 when it was reinstated as Bolivia's second-tier football championship.
The oldest regional championship is the one played in La Paz, it started in 1914 and it was considered for many years as the top Bolivian league, even more when it turned into a semi-pro tournament in 1950 and started including teams from Oruro and Cochabamba.
Copa Simón Bolívar
The tournament started in 1960, initially only champions from La Paz, Cochabamba, Oruro and Santa Cruz participated, on later years teams from other associations started joining the cup, and the tournament eventually had also runner-up's participating.
Until 1976, due to the lack of a nationwide league, the cup determined the national champion and representative teams for the Copa Libertadores. With the creation of the Liga de Fútbol Profesional Boliviano, the Bolivian FA stopped organizing the tournament.
Finally in 1989 the tournament was resurrected, with the same format of having both champions and runner-up from each association, but this time each regional league was the 2nd tier on the football pyramid so the champion was supposed to be awarded a place in the professional league. Previously the last placed team in the 1st division was replaced by the regional champion of its departament. However that practice was kept until 1993 when finally the champion was awarded a spot in the top league.
The competition format changes frequently, in 2008, the team were divided in 3 groups of 6 teams each, to save costs, geographically close teams were teamed up and played on a home-away round-robin basis, with group 1 consisting of teams from La Paz, Oruro and Cochabamba; group 2 with teams from Potosí, Chuquisaca and Tarija, and group 3 with teams from Santa Cruz, Beni and Pando. The top 2 placed teams advanced to the next round, now playing play-offs on home-away basis, the 3 winners and the best loser advanced to the semifinals and then the final.
List of Champions
Torneo Nacional
As First Division Tournament
Copa Simón Bolívar
As First Division Tournament
As Second Division Tournament
Note that:
NB: Enrique Happ (full name Escuela Enrique Happ) from Cochabamba were never promoted to the first division in spite of winning the cup three time, apparently because they are a special footballing school (like the better known Academia Tahuichi in Santa Cruz).
References
External links
Simón
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36744389
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calosoma%20asper
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Calosoma asper
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Calosoma asper is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily of Carabinae. It was described by Jeannel in 1940.
References
asper
Beetles described in 1940
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59181100
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyshkov
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Vyshkov
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Vyshkov () is an urban-type settlement in Zlynkovsky District of Bryansk Oblast, Russia. Population:
References
Notes
Sources
Urban-type settlements in Bryansk Oblast
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51637352
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994%20Edmonton%20Eskimos%20season
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1994 Edmonton Eskimos season
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The 1994 Edmonton Eskimos finished in 2nd place in the West Division with a 13–5 record. They were upset in the West Semi-Final against the eventual Grey Cup Champion B.C. Lions.
Contents
1 Offseason
1.1 CFL draft
1.2 Schedule
2 Regular season
2.1 Season standings
2.2 Season schedule
3 Awards and records
3.1 1995 CFL All-Stars
3.2 Northern All-Star selections
4 Playoffs
4.1 North semi-final
4.2 North final
5 References
Offseason
CFL draft
Schedule
Regular season
Season standings
East Division
West Division
Season schedule
Total attendance: 268806
Average attendance: 29867
Awards and records
1995 CFL All-Stars
Defence
DT – Bennie Goods, Edmonton Eskimos
LB – Willie Pless, Edmonton Eskimos
DB – Robert Holland, Edmonton Eskimos
Special teams
ST – Henry "Gizmo" Williams, Edmonton Eskimos
Western All-Star selections
Offence
OT – Blake Dermott, Edmonton Eskimos
Defence
DT – Bennie Goods, Edmonton Eskimos
LB – Willie Pless, Edmonton Eskimos
DB – Robert Holland, Edmonton Eskimos
Special teams
ST – Henry "Gizmo" Williams, Edmonton Eskimos
Playoffs
West Semi-final
References
Edmonton Elks seasons
1994 in Alberta
1994 Canadian Football League season by team
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11448598
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lohar%20Chawl
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Lohar Chawl
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Lohar Chawl is a commercial locality of Mumbai, India. Lohar means iron smith in Marathi.
According to Fodor's Essential India, it is a popular market with a wide range of goods for sales. The locality is highly crowded with numerous wholesale outlets. It is also Mumbai's largest wholesale market for electrical goods.
In popular culture
Miram Batliwala in her InSight — One Woman’s Incredible Journey from Darkness to Light reminisces about her numerous visits to Lohar Chawl's wholesale stores for "lighting fixtures, door handles and locks". One of Nalini Malini's work's is titled Alleyway, Lohar Chawl.
References
Neighbourhoods in Mumbai
Retail markets in Mumbai
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10960932
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle%20Oliver
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Castle Oliver
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Castle Oliver (also Clonodfoy) is a Victorian castle in the south part of County Limerick, Ireland. Built for entertaining rather than for defense, it has a ballroom, drawing room, library, morning room, dining room and hall which feature hand-painted ceilings, decorated ornamental corbels, superbly executed stained glass windows and stencil work. The castle stands on massive terraces and has a commanding view over much of its former estate. The castle has Ireland's largest wine cellar, said to hold approximately 55,000 bottles.
From May to September 2014, Castle Oliver was opened to the public in conjunction with "Limerick City of Culture" for house tours.
History
The lands where the castle stands were settled in about 1658 by Capt. Robert Oliver, one of Oliver Cromwell's soldiers. The present castle replaced the former Castle Oliver, which stood a thousand yards to the south-west and was the birthplace of Eliza Oliver, mother of the notorious Lola Montez, who became the lover and favourite of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. The castle was for many years known as Clonodfoy, a contraction of an earlier Irish place name: Cloch an Otbhaidhigh, meaning 'the stone structure of Otway', Otway being an Anglo-Norman family name.
Capt. Robert Oliver's descendant Richard Oliver married a Yorkshire heiress through whom he inherited substantial wealth and property in West Yorkshire and moved away to live in Parlington Hall near Leeds, leaving Castle Oliver to deteriorate in the hands of a bailiff. Their daughters, Mary Isabella and Elizabeth Oliver Gascoigne, both married members of the Trench family of Woodlawn, Galway. The younger sister, Elizabeth, married Frederic Mason Trench, 2nd Baron Ashtown in 1852. The sisters were highly accomplished artisans, designing and executing both the stained glass work and verre eglomise (back painted glass panels) which ornamented the ballroom fireplace. Much of their work has survived. The elder sister, Mary Isabella, was a highly skilled wood-turner who published (under a male pseudonym) an authoritative book on the subject, "The Art of Wood-Turning", still a respected source of information on the subject.
The sisters commissioned the present castle in 1845. It was designed by the York architect George Fowler Jones in the Scottish Baronial style and built in a local pink sandstone, quarried on the estate. Fowler Jones had designed several substantial commissions for the sisters in the north of England, including almshouses and churches. Whilst Mary Isabella and her husband made their home in the Yorkshire seat of the Gascoignes (Parlington Hall), Elizabeth and her husband occupied Castle Oliver. The house was later inherited by Elizabeth's step-grandson, the Honourable William Cosby Trench.
The last member of the Trench family to live at Castle Oliver, Mrs Lynn Trench, sold the property to the racing driver Billy Coleman in 1978. After that the castle changed hands several times, eventually becoming the property of a local bank, who broke up the remaining land, farm and lodges into separate lots. The castle itself failed to find a buyer and languished into decay, falling prey to vandals and thieves. It appeared in the book "Vanishing Houses of Ireland", published by the Irish Georgian Society.
In 1988 it was purchased by Damian Haughton, who according to the subsequent owner, put a halt to most of the worst leaks in the roof. In 1998 it was purchased by Nicholas Browne, who continued the restoration work and transformed it back into a habitable residence. In 2006 Castle Oliver was purchased by Declan and Emma Cormack from County Antrim. They completed high-grade restoration work, restoring many of the original rooms and features, such as the Library, St Patrick's stained glass window, wooden panelling, cornices and many fireplaces. They made the castle their home with their three children Michael, Shane and Ciara. In 2015 the Cormacks sold it to an unnamed family from Melbourne, Australia to use as a home for "several months of the year".
References
Castle Oliver and the Oliver Gascoignes by Nicholas Browne;
Burke's Guide to Irish Country Houses by Mark Bence-Jones;
Ardpatrick by John Fleming
External links
More history about the Olivers #
Castles in County Limerick
Scottish baronial architecture
Mock castles in Ireland
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54465904
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Bailey%20%28MP%29
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John Bailey (MP)
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John Bailey (died 1436) was the member of Parliament for Calne in the parliament of 1420 and for Cricklade in the parliament of 1427.
References
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Cricklade
Year of birth unknown
1436 deaths
Members of Parliament for Calne
English MPs 1427
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35019614
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampson%20Hopkins
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Sampson Hopkins
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Sampson Hopkins (died 1622) was an English merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1614 and 1622.
Hopkins was the son of Sir Richard Hopkins of Coventry. He was a draper of Coventry and a puritan. In 1605 he sheltered Princess Elizabeth (later Queen of Bohemia) at his house at Palace Yard in Earl Street, which was built on the courtyard plan. (The building was destroyed by bombing in 1940.) He was Mayor of Coventry in 1609. In 1614, he was elected Member of Parliament for Coventry. He was described as being "always so cross and violent in the parliament against the King's affairs" and this was attributed to the nature of the faction in Coventry which he represented. Nevertheless, Hopkins met the king several times and in 1621 the king granted the city a new charter regulating the election of council members. Hopkins was re-elected MP for Coventry in 1621.
Hopkins died in 1622.
Hopkins married as his second wife Jane Butts and was the father of Richard who was also MP for Coventry. His daughter Anne married Matthew Babington.
References
Year of birth missing
1622 deaths
Mayors of Coventry
English merchants
17th-century merchants
English MPs 1614
English MPs 1621–1622
Members of Parliament for Coventry
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11647737
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/48th%20Iowa%20Infantry%20Battalion
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48th Iowa Infantry Battalion
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The 48th Battalion Iowa Volunteer Infantry was an infantry battalion that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was among scores of regiments that were raised in the summer of 1864 as Hundred Days Men, an effort to augment existing manpower for an all-out push to end the war within 100 days.
Service
The 48th Iowa Infantry was organized as Companies A, B, and C at Davenport, Iowa, and mustered in for one-hundred days federal service on July 13, 1864, as part of a plan to raise short term regiments for service as rear area garrison duty to release veteran troops for Sherman's Atlanta Campaign. As there were not enough recruits to complete an entire regiment in the time allotted, the unit was redesignated a battalion. The battalion spent its entire service guarding prisoners of war at the Rock Island Barracks, Illinois.
The battalion was mustered out on October 21, 1864.
Total strength and casualties
358 men served in the 48th Iowa Battalion at one time or another.
Four enlisted men died of disease.
Commanders
Lieutenant Colonel Oliver H. P. Scott
See also
List of Iowa Civil War Units
Iowa in the American Civil War
Notes
References
The Civil War Archive
Units and formations of the Union Army from Iowa
1864 establishments in Iowa
Military units and formations established in 1864
Military units and formations disestablished in 1864
1864 disestablishments in Iowa
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14148627
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%27%20Lucky%20Ones
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D' Lucky Ones
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D' Lucky Ones! is a 2006 Filpino romantic comedy film starring Sandara Park, Joseph Bitangcol, Eugene Domingo, and Pokwang.
Synopsis
Tina (Domingo) and Lea (Pokwang) have been best friends since they met in a concert of their idolized actress Vilma Santos. Suddenly, Lea decides to go to South Korea to find a better job. Years later, Tina gives birth to a boy while Lea gives birth to a girl. They name the two Lucky Boy and Lucky Girl to commemorate Vilma's son Luis "Lucky" Manzano. They then vowed to each other that their children will marry in the appropriate time. However, as Lucky Boy and Lucky Girl grow up, the children have started hating their mothers for ruining their childhoods after Tina and Lea arranged their parties with themes of Vilma Santos' films.
Years have passed and Lea, with Lucky Girl (Park), goes back to the Philippines to live with her best friend. At the airport, Tina, with Lucky Boy (Bitangcol), gets ready for her best friend's arrival by arranging a welcome home party. Lucky Girl and Lucky Boy, on the other hand, are not very excited to see each other. Lucky Girl leaves while her mother is watching a film, while Lucky Boy departs to go to his apartment. Meanwhile, Lea notices that she is the only passenger left on the plane and that Lucky Girl is missing. At a telephone booth, Lucky Girl and Lucky Boy meet each other, not knowing who the opposite is. Lucky Girl spots Lucky Boy wearing a pink SpongeBob SquarePants towel, which was one of her ideals for her soulmate. Lucky Girl continues to fall in love with Lucky Boy as they meet in spontaneous circumstances. In the meantime, Tina and Lea have gone crazy after looking everywhere for Lucky Girl.
At his apartment, Lucky Boy lets Lucky Girl to stay at his house for the meantime; only to disagree after learning that her name is Lucky Girl. A flashback shows Lucky Girl (Pineda) almost falling into a well after being hit by Lucky Boy (Manalo). Lucky Boy says sorry, only to be kicked by Lucky Girl in his newly circumcised penis. At first, Lucky Boy refuses for Lucky Girl to stay, only to accept after Lucky Girl says she will do anything. This starts Lucky Boy taking the chance for revenge onto Lucky Girl.
The next day, Tina and Lea investigate Lucky Boy's house. Lucky Boy's friend Thea (Valdez) protects Lucky Boy and Lucky Girl's appearance to their mothers. Lucky Boy, on the other hand, tours Lucky Girl to her new apartment which is beside his apartment.
Convinced, Tina and Lea return home to Tina's house. The next day, Lucky Girl is helped by Lucky Boy and his other friends Macoy (Del Prado) and Yammy (Humphries) in decorating her apartment. At ABS-CBN, Lea and Tina interrupts a line after trying to sneak in front, causing a commotion. One of the persons involved in the trouble, Ralph (Valentin), is comforted by the two. The two starts to fall in love with him, only until Cara (Pangilinan) interrupts announcing that Vilma Santos is in the building. The three search for the actress, only to find look-alikes of the actress.
While Lucky Boy, Macoy, and Jose (Fajardo) pulls a prank onto Lucky Girl, Lucky Girl mistakes Jose as Lucky Boy. That night, Lucky Girl tries to leave her apartment, only to be convinced by Lucky Boy to stay. She decides to call her mother, in which she said that they will meet at a bar tomorrow night. At the bar, Lea, Tina, and Ralph wait for Lucky Girl and Lucky Boy. The host announces a dance contest, wherein Lea and Tina decides to join it to impress Ralph. The duo's dance continues until they were only half-dressed, which was seen by their children. Lucky Girl, ashamed of her mother and learning that Lucky Boy was coming, decides to leave the bar.
The next day, Lucky Boy asks Lucky Girl if she want to come at an amusement park. Lucky Girl reluctantly agrees. There, Lucky Boy starts to hallucinate, a sign that he was falling in love with Lucky Girl. That night, at her apartment, Lucky Girl finds Jose snooping into her stuff. She performs taekwondo on him, until Jose admits who is the real Lucky Boy. Upon learning this, Lucky Girl plots revenge to Lucky Boy. One night, Lucky Boy asks Lucky Girl for a date. Lucky Girl gets mad at him for not admitting the truth. At the restaurant, Lea and Tina, with Ralph, sees their children fighting. They broke up the fight, only to end up fighting themselves.
Weeks have passed and Lea and Tina still hate each other. While getting angry to her mother for idolizing Vilma Santos, Lucky Girl learns that her mother was abused by her father, and that attending Vilma's concerts is the only thing that made Lea happy. Lucky Girl, with Lucky Boy, Cara, Ralph, Yammy, Thea, Macoy, and Jose, plans to fix Lea and Tina's friendship by throwing a party for the two. Although this was unsuccessful, Cara explains to Lucky Boy and Lucky Girl that there is only one person who can fix the fight, that even Lea and Tina would not disagree.
At Vilma's reunion concert, Lea (with Lucky Girl, Thea, and Jose) and Tina (with Lucky Boy, Tammy, and Macoy) sees their idol onstage. Vilma calls Lea and Tina, who she says are the real "lucky ones", and tries to fix their friendship. Lea and Tina reprises their friendship, while Lucky Boy and Lucky Girl kisses each other. The film ends with the cast dancing to Park's "Ang Ganda Ko" ("I'm Beautiful").
Cast and characters
Sandara Park as Lucky Girl/ Anna
Joseph Bitangcol as Lucky Boy/ Luis
Eugene Domingo as Tina
Pokwang as Lea
Candy Pangilinan as Cara
Nikki Valdez as Thea
JR Valentin as Ralph
Janus Del Prado as Macoy
Carla Humphries as Yammy
Franzen Fajardo as Jose
John Manalo as Young Lucky Boy (10 yrs old)
Jairus Aquino as Young Lucky Boy (6 yrs old)
Eliza Pineda as Young Lucky Girl (10 yrs old)
KC Aboloc as Young Lucky Girl (6 years old)
Vilma Santos as herself
Rafael Rosell as Eduardo "Edu/Doods"
Chokoleit as Bar host
References
External links
D-Lucky Ones! official website
2006 films
Philippine films
Filipino-language films
2006 romantic comedy films
Star Cinema films
Films directed by Wenn V. Deramas
Philippine romantic comedy films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20countries%20by%20government%20budget
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List of countries by government budget
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The list is mainly based on CIA World Factbook for the year 2016 and 2019.
The Chinese, Brazilian, Indian, and United States government budgets are the figures reported by the International Monetary Fund.
The table includes information from government's budgets; namely revenues, expenditures and the resulting deficits or surpluses. The countries are ranked by their budget revenues in fiscal year 2016. Both sovereign states and dependent territories are included.
List
These figures are given as millions USD, unless otherwise specified.
See also
List of countries by government budget per capita
List of countries by tax revenue to GDP ratio
List of countries by government spending as percentage of GDP
Europe:
List of sovereign states in Europe by budget revenues
List of sovereign states in Europe by budget revenues per capita
United States:
List of U.S. state budgets
References
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6547014
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby%20Pacquiao
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Bobby Pacquiao
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Alberto "Bobby" Dapidran Pacquiao ( ; born April 23, 1980) is a Filipino former professional boxer and elected public official who competed in boxing from 1997 to 2008. He is the younger brother of Manny Pacquiao.
Boxing career
Pacquiao turned professional in 1997. He won the Philippines Games and Amusements Board super featherweight title and defended it four times between 2002 and 2004. On June 17, 2005, in Cabazon, California, he defeated Carlos Navarro for the WBC Continental Americas super-featherweight title by a seventh-round technical knockout (TKO).
On June 10, 2006, he defended his title against former WBC featherweight champion Kevin Kelley.
Before a match held on November 16, 2006, to defend his title against Héctor Velázquez, Pacquiao was stripped of his title for being three pounds over the weight limit. Although the title had already been declared vacant, the fight proceeded as scheduled. During the fight, referee Kenny Bayless warned Pacquiao repeatedly for low blows before disqualifying him in the eleventh round.
He made his lightweight debut on June 9, 2007, where he fought soon-to-be WBC super-featherweight champion Humberto Soto in a ten-round bout. After sustaining a cut that impaired his vision, Pacquiao was knocked out in round seven.
Following three bouts in the lightweight division, he knocked out Decho Bankluaygym in eight rounds on August 2, 2008, for the WBO Asia-Pacific lightweight title.
On November 19, 2008, he lost by unanimous decision to North American Boxing Association champion Robert Frankel in San Jose, California. This was his last bout.
Professional titles
Philippines Games and Amusements Board (GAB) Super Featherweight Title (2002)
WBC Continental Americas Super Featherweight Title (2005)
WBO Asia Pacific Lightweight Title (2008)
Basketball career
MP Gensan Warriors (Liga Pilipinas)
He was included in the 16-man roster that competed in SMART-Liga Pilipinas Conference II. On his debut, he scored only two points in a 63–59 loss to the Ilocos Sur Bravehearts. On January 16, 2009, he scored 10 points in a blowout win against Zamboanga del Norte. He also wanted to play in the Tournament of the Philippines (TOP), the first joint project of Liga Pilipinas and the Philippine Basketball League, but he was instead placed on the reserve list since Manny Pacquiao wanted to suit up for the team.
KIA Motors (PBA)
On May 27, 2014, it was reported that he was among those who tried out for KIA Motors which is coached by his brother Manny Pacquiao. Asked if he would select Bobby, his brother answered that it would be too big of a favor to give. On July 26, 2014, in an interview with Snow Badua, Pacquiao revealed that he would no longer apply for the 2014 PBA draft, focusing instead on a possible stint with the family-supported Countrywide Basketball League (CWBL) franchise.
MP Hotel (PBA D-League)
After the CWBL failed to materialize due to financial difficulties, he was then assigned as the team manager of Manny Pacquiao's PBA D-League franchise. On the team's debut, they were handed a 27-point loss by Cafe France led by Maverick Ahanmisi who had ten points. The team last competed on the 2015 PBA D-League Foundation Cup.
Other leagues
In 2011, he and his brother Manny played for the MP Warriors in the Manny Pacquiao Basketball Cup, which featured teams such as BBEAL champion University of Baguio, runner-up University of the Cordilleras, Cordillera College from La Trinidad, Chesaa 2011 men's basketball champion Baguio College of Technology. On one of the games, he scored 10 points while Manny scored 124. The tournament was staged in the middle of Manny Pacquiao's preparation against Shane Mosley.
In March 2013, his team the MP Warriors, then coached by Arvin Bonleon, won a P300,000 prize after defeating the Celebrity team led by Gerald Anderson.
In 2014, the MP Warriors ruled the Kalilangan Festival Commercial basketball league in February by beating Kadayawan sa Dabaw Invitational Commercial champion Gold Star Davao. Pacquiao's team also finished first runner-up in the Araw ng Dabaw Invitational Open league in March.
Politics
On October 19, 2013, Pacquiao sought a seat in the village council of Labangal, where his wife Lorelei is barangay head. He won and became village councilor of Barangay Labangal. His wife was also re-elected as chairman of the same barangay. He ran under the People's Champ Movement (PCM), a local political party founded by Manny Pacquiao.
In May 2016, he got 95,052 votes and was proclaimed one of the 12 councilors of General Santos City.
See also
List of left-handed boxers
References
External links
1980 births
Living people
People from Bukidnon
Featherweight boxers
Filipino Roman Catholics
Sportspeople from General Santos
Boxers from South Cotabato
Basketball players from South Cotabato
Southpaw boxers
Super-bantamweight boxers
Super-featherweight boxers
Filipino male boxers
Bobby
Filipino sportsperson-politicians
Filipino men's basketball coaches
Party-list members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines
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40941401
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najih%20O.%20Salhab
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Najih O. Salhab
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Najih Oussama Salhab (Arabic: ناجح أسامة سلهب; born February 1980) is a Palestinian intellectual, and one of the famous Mu'tazila scholar of Islam nowadays.
Early life and education
He was born in the city of Hebron in west bank, Palestine. He attended a public schools till he finished high school in 1998 (scientific branch), then he joined Palestine Polytechnic University (PPU) in Hebron studying electrical engineering. Salhab was known for most of his teachers as the smart boy who is asking questions all the time, and for his class mates as Mr. Newton.
Salhab has eagerness to all kind of knowledge, in that context he studied hard for biology, chemistry, math, and physics of College Board SATII to strengthen his scientific background, he passed them. He got many IT studying programs and courses, peace education programs, and even in very specialized psychology courses."
If there some people who are suffering of reading addiction syndrome, so Salhab will be one of them. Who interested in reading philosophy, theology, science, philosophy of science, and epistemology."
Religious Teaching as for the religious sciences
Najih Salhab studied jurisprudence from many Sheikhs (Salafi and Ash'ari), he acquired a knowledge of the Islamic disciplines of the Qur'an and the Hadith. He also studied theology (kalam), and Sufism. Then he turned to Mu'tazilah school of thought.
Salhab contributions to the Mu'tazilah Islamic school of thoughts
Muʿtazilah is an Islamic school of thoughts based on reason and rational thought that flourished in the cities of Basra and Baghdad, both in present-day Iraq, during the 8th–10th centuries. The adherents of the Mu'tazili school are best known for their assertion that, because of the perfect unity and eternal nature of Allah, the Qur'an must therefore have been created, as it could not be co-eternal with God. From this premise, the Mu'tazili school of Kalam which is the Islamic philosophical discipline of seeking theological principles through dialectic. Kalām in Islamic practice relates to the discipline of seeking theological knowledge through debate and argument, proceeded to posit that the injunctions of God are accessible to rational thought and inquiry: because knowledge is derived from reason, reason is the "final arbiter" in distinguishing right from wrong.
Salhab had developed a theory regarding reason, Divine revelation, and the relationship between them. To him, it is the human intellect that guides a human to know God, His attributes, and the very basics of morality. Once this foundational knowledge is attained and one ascertains the truth of Islam and the Divine origins of the Qur'an, the intellect then interacts with scripture such that both reason and revelation come together to be the main source of guidance and knowledge for Muslims.
Since 2004, Salhab has devoted tremendous efforts to spread a peaceful rational version of Islam using Islamic Mu'tazilah school of thoughts interpretations, he published tens of articles through social media and internet in Muslim world, doing many discussions, meetings, and debates in fever for promoting reason, plurality, tolerance, and coexistence.
The neo-Muʿtazilah
The term neo-Muʿtazilah refers to the resuscitation of the theology of the Muʿtazilah Islamic school of theology by a group of Muslim intellectuals in the modern time.
The resuscitation process commenced upon the historical discovery of valuable Muʿtazilah books in some caves in Yemen in early 1950s.
A team of Arab scholars and historians shortly after undertook the mission of republishing these books. In early 1980s a Jordanian Islamic scholar called Amin Naef Thiab expanded this mission by officially establishing a new branch of Muʿtazilah. After Thiab’s death in 2005, the branch was led by his devoted students.
Nowadays, hundreds of Muʿtazilah activists, writers, researchers and thousands of their followers and supporters exist around the world, but mainly in the Middle East region. The neo-Muʿtazilah heavily rely on social media channels and other internet outlets to reach out to the public.
Salhab is one of the most prominent scholars and well known activist within the branch and in the internet circle.
See also
Mu'tazila
Nasr Abu Zayd
Hassan Hanafi
Ash'ari
Bahshamiyya
Islamic schools and branches
Kalam
Karaite Judaism
References
Martin et al., Defenders of Reason in Islam
Richard C. Martin, Mark R. Woodward, and Dwi S. Atmaja, Defenders of Reason in Islam: Mutazilism from Medieval School to Modern Symbol(Oxford: Oneworld, 1997), p. 160
Craig, W. L. (2000). The Kalam Cosmological Argument. USA: Wipf & Stock Publishers. .
Ess, J. V. (2006). The Flowering of Muslim Theology. USA: Harvard University Press. .
External links
The Mutazilla & Rational Theology
French branch of Neo-Mu'tazili
1980 births
21st-century Muslim scholars of Islam
Living people
Palestinian Muslims
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7655067
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rundle%20Stone
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Rundle Stone
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Runnel Stone may refer to:
Rundle Rock, an quarried building material
An alternate spelling of Runnel Stone
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12924021
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sara%20Davidson
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Sara Davidson
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Sara Davidson (born 1943) is a journalist, novelist, and screenwriter. She is the author of the best-selling Loose Change.
Personal
In 1968, she was briefly married to NYC popular-music radio deejay Jonathan Schwartz. A second marriage—to a Los Angeles businessman—produced a son and a daughter, but also ended in divorce. Her 1990s affair with "real-life cowboy" Richard Goff was the basis for her largely autobiographical novel Cowboy in 1999.
Education
Davidson graduated Los Angeles High School in 1960. Davidson graduated from the University of California, Berkeley; she also attended Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism.
Journalist
Davidson's first job was as a reporter with the Boston Globe. She has also written for magazines including The Atlantic Monthly, Esquire. Harper's Magazine, Life, McCall's, Ms., The New York Times Magazine, Newsweek, O, The Oprah Magazine, Ramparts and Rolling Stone.
Books
2014. The December Project: An Extraordinary Rabbi and a Skeptical Seeker Confront Life's Greatest Mystery.
1977 Loose Change: three women of the sixties, which was adapted into a television mini-series
1980 Real Property
1984 Friends of the Opposite Sex,
1986 Rock Hudson: his Story, written with Rock Hudson,
1999 Cowboy,
2007 Leap!: What Will We Do with the Rest of Our Lives?,
2012 Joan: Forty Years of Life, Loss, and Friendship with Joan Didion,
Television
In addition to having her novel Loose Change adapted for a mini-series, Davidson wrote and produced a number of television series. She created the series Jack and Mike, and HeartBeat. She was the co-executive producer for Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman.
References
External links
An 'Oppressed Majority' Demands Its Rights from Life magazine, by Sara Davidson (1969)
1943 births
Living people
American women journalists
20th-century American novelists
University of California, Berkeley alumni
21st-century American novelists
20th-century American biographers
American women biographers
21st-century American biographers
American women screenwriters
American women novelists
Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism alumni
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women writers
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2964127
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blattner%27s%20conjecture
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Blattner's conjecture
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In mathematics, Blattner's conjecture or Blattner's formula is a description of the discrete series representations of a general semisimple group G in terms of their restricted representations to a maximal compact subgroup K (their so-called K-types). It is named after Robert James Blattner, despite not being formulated as a conjecture by him.
Statement
Blattner's formula says that if a discrete series representation with infinitesimal character λ is restricted to a maximal compact subgroup K, then the representation of K with highest weight μ occurs with multiplicity
where
Q is the number of ways a vector can be written as a sum of non-compact positive roots
WK is the Weyl group of K
ρc is half the sum of the compact roots
ρn is half the sum of the non-compact roots
ε is the sign character of WK.
Blattner's formula is what one gets by formally restricting the Harish-Chandra character formula for a discrete series representation to the maximal torus of a maximal compact group. The problem in proving the Blattner formula is that this only gives the character on the regular elements of the maximal torus, and one also needs to control its behavior on the singular elements. For non-discrete irreducible representations the formal restriction of Harish-Chandra's character formula need not give the decomposition under the maximal compact subgroup: for example, for the principal series representations of SL2 the character is identically zero on the non-singular elements of the maximal compact subgroup, but the representation is not zero on this subgroup. In this case the character is a distribution on the maximal compact subgroup with support on the singular elements.
History
Harish-Chandra orally attributed the conjecture to Robert James Blattner as a question Blattner raised, not a conjecture made by Blattner. Blattner did not publish it in any form. It first appeared in print in , where it was first referred to as "Blattner's Conjecture," despite the results of that paper having been obtained without knowledge of Blattner's question and notwithstanding Blattner's not having made such a conjecture. mentioned a special case of it slightly earlier.
proved Blattner's formula in some special cases.
showed that Blattner's formula gave an upper bound for the multiplicities of K-representations, proved Blattner's conjecture for groups whose symmetric space is Hermitian, and proved Blattner's conjecture for linear semisimple groups. Blattner's conjecture (formula) was also proved by by infinitesimal methods which were totally new and completely different from those of Hecht and Schmid (1975). Part of the impetus for Enright’s paper (1979) came from several sources: from , , . In Enright (1979) multiplicity formulae are given for the so-called mock-discrete series representations also. used his ideas to obtain results on the construction and classification of irreducible Harish-Chandra modules of any real semisimple Lie algebra.
References
Representation theory of Lie groups
Conjectures
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5212393
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interzone%20%28band%29
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Interzone (band)
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Interzone is a German blues/rock/heavy metal band from the early 1980s, headed by vocalist Heiner Pudelko.
German rock musicians
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55857887
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pike%20River%20Recovery%20Agency
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Pike River Recovery Agency
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The Pike River Recovery Agency, (Māori: Te Kāhui Whakamana Rua Tekau mā Iwa) is a stand-alone New Zealand Government department. Its stated aim is to work with families who lost loved ones during the 2010 Pike River Mine disaster to plan for decisions on the manned re-entry of the drift of the Pike River Mine. The Agency's purpose is to gather evidence on the Pike River Mine Disaster with the goals of preventing future mining tragedies, giving the Pike River families closure, and if possible recovering the bodies of the deceased miners.
History
Minister for Pike River Re-Entry Andrew Little announced the formation of the agency on 20 November 2017, with its formal establishment due to take place on 31 January 2018. The Pike River Recovery Agency will be an establishment unit within the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE). The Agency will also be headed by a Chief Executive recruited by the State Services Commission. The Agency plans to have formulated a plan for mine re-entry by the end of March 2018. The Government has allocated NZ$23 million to funding the agency's operations and mine re-entry over a three-year period.
The Pike River Recovery Agency will also take over ownership of Pike River mine from Solid Energy, which is scheduled to enter into liquidation in mid-March 2018. After the planned re-entry, ownership of Pike River will return to the Department of Conservation, including a planned Pike29 Memorial Track, as part of Paparoa National Park.
On 31 January 2018, the Pike River Recovery Agency formally came into existence with its headquarters being based in Greymouth on the West Coast. On 19 April, Little entered the Pike River Mine portal with Pike Family representatives Anna Osborne and Sonya Rockhouse to demonstrate that a safe re-entry was possible. He promised that the Coalition Government would re-enter the drift to recover evidence and the remains of loved ones.
On 21 May 2019, the Pike River Recovery Agency's chief operating officer Dinghy Pattinson led a recovery team which breached the concrete seal to the mine drift. The occasion was marked by family members releasing 29 yellow balloons and calling out the names of those who died. Re-entry and recovery operations are expected to take several months and will consist of three phases. The first team of miners will assess hazards and establish supporting infrastructure. A second forensically-focussed mining team will be tasked with collecting evidential material. A third team will provide mining services including gas monitoring, communications lines and ventilation bags. Once completed, the site is expected to be refurbished and returned to the Department of Conservation by June 2020.
On 10 June 2020, Minister for Pike Mine Re-entry Little announced that it was "impractical" to expect the remains of the fallen miners to be recovered due to the dangerous conditions. Instead, recovery efforts would focus on gathering evidence for the homicide case. The cost of the recovery project had risen from NZ$23 million to NZ$35 million, with concerns that the figure could reach NZ$50 million.
On 17 February 2021, the Pike River Recovery Agency reached the roof fall 2.26 kilometers up the mine's access tunnel, marking the end point of its journey and ending any plans of recovering the bodies of the fallen miners. The Agency would now focus on conducting forensic work in the Pit Bottom in Stone area required for the New Zealand Police investigation.
In early June 2021, 22 of the 29 victims' families filed for a judicial review challenging Minister for Pike Mine Re-entry Little's rejection of a proposal to recover the mine's ventilation fan, which is considered the likely source of the 2010 explosion. In response, the Recovery Agency claimed that the proposal underestimated the time and costs involved in recovering the fan, and that there various technical issues involved.
On 9 July 2021, a group representing 20 Pike River families blocked the mine access road in an attempt to prevent the Agency from permanently closing the mine. A representative of the Pike River families also sought a court injunction to prevent the Pike River mine from being permanently sealed.
References
External links
Pike River Mine Factsheet
2017 establishments in New Zealand
New Zealand Public Service departments
Mining in New Zealand
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62202674
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3%20%28Elvana%20Gjata%20EP%29
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3 (Elvana Gjata EP)
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3 is the second acoustic and live extended play by Albanian singer and songwriter Elvana Gjata. It was released on 10 February 2018 through digital download and streaming outlets. The record contains six live and acoustic covers of songs written by Pirro Çako and produced by Darko Dimitrov. It notably includes a poem written by the Albanian Renaissance writer and national poet of Albania, Naim Frashëri. The record incorporates elements of pop folk, pop rock and folk in its production and beats, which marked a significant departure from her previous work. Elvana Gjata published a short documentary film dealing with the journey of the composition of the EP. She additionally held an acoustic performance in Tirana.
Promotion
For promotional purposes, 3 was accompanied by six music videos for its singles respectively, and were premiered onto the YouTube channel of Elvana Gjata one day after the digital release on 11 February 2018. The aforementioned videos were solely directed by Erion Bubullima and produced by the singer's regular collaborator Dalina Buzi, while Florind Tenolli and Shpëtim Baça were hired as the directors of photography.
Track listing
Credits adapted from YouTube.
Personnel
Credits adapted from Tidal.
Elvana Gjata – composition, performing, vocals
Pirro Çako – composition, songwriting
Darko Dimitrov – arrangement
Release history
Charts
References
2018 EPs
2018 live albums
Elvana Gjata albums
Live EPs
Albanian-language albums
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9397935
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/From%20the%20Misery%20of%20Don%20Joost
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From the Misery of Don Joost
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"From the Misery of Don Joost" is a poem from Wallace Stevens's first book of poetry, Harmonium. It is in the public domain, having been published in the journal Poetry in 1921 (volume 19, October 1921).
Interpretation
The only reference to this poem in Stevens' letters is not helpful. In correspondence with Hi Simons, Stevens writes: "Don Joost is a jovial Don Quixote. He is an arbitrary figure." As Eleanor Cook observes, Don Joost is not jovial, and his resignation contrasts with the bravado that author Miguel de Cervantes wrote in the original Don Quixote:
It seems clear to me...that thou art not well-versed in the matter of adventures: these are giants; and if thou art afraid, move aside and start to pray whilst I enter with them in fierce and unequal combat. (Cervantes, Don Quixote, I.viii, trans. Edith Grossman, 2003)
Buttel lists this poem as among a few from Harmonium that anticipate Stevens's later poetry. The others on his list are "Sunday Morning", "The Snow Man", "Another Weeping Woman", and "Death of a Soldier". Mention could also be made of "Le Monocle de Mon Oncle", with which it shares a focus on leaving youth behind. His body, the animal, has become old. He counts the passage of time by reference to the seasons, and his passage through the seasons is compared to a storm, which is abating. The combat with the sun may be a creative struggle, viewed as finished.
Notes
References
Buttel, R. Wallace Stevens: The Making of Harmonium. Princeton University Press, 1967.
Stevens. H. Letters of Wallace Stevens. University of California Press, 1966
Cook, Eleanor. A Reader's Guide to Wallace Stevens. Princeton University Press, 2007.
1921 poems
American poems
Poetry by Wallace Stevens
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69889678
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20McRedmond
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Mike McRedmond
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Michael John McRedmond (born 1958) is a New Zealand cycling coach and former racing cyclist who won a silver medal competing for his country at the 1982 Commonwealth Games.
Early life
Born in Dannevirke in 1958, McRedmond grew up in Palmerston North and was educated at St Peter's College.
Cycling
Rider
McRedmond began competitive cycling after seeing the Tour of Manawatu cycle race, which had the finish of its final stage close to his family home. Without a natural talent for the sport, McRedmond says that he succeeded through hard work and perseverance:
McRedmond represented New Zealand in the men's 1000 metres sprint at the 1982 and 1986 Commonwealth Games. At the 1982 games in Brisbane, he advanced unbeaten to the final, where he lost 0–2 to the defending champion, Kenrick Tucker from Australia, and so won the silver medal. Four years later, in Edinburgh, McRedmond placed sixth in the same event.
Domestically, McRedmond won the New Zealand national sprint title five times, and the national 15 kilometres scratch race title on three occasions. He later won a national Masters 80 kilometres road race championship.
Coach
After retiring from competitive cycling in 1986, McRedmond began coaching young cyclists in the 1990s. In about 2000, he started unpaid coaching at Palmerston North Boys' High School, where his protégés have included Jesse Sergent, Campbell Stewart, and Simon van Velthooven. Between 2005 and 2010, he was the national junior track cycling head coach.
McRedmond has received numerous accolades at the annual Manawatū Sportsperson of the Year Awards. He won the award for coach of the year in 2007, 2008, 2009, 2014, and 2015. In 2012, he was named Manawatū's sports personality of the year. In 2019, McRedmond was awarded a Paul Harris Fellowship by Milson Rotary, for services to cycling.
Working life
McRedmond had a 41-year career in banking, beginning in 1976. He subsequently took a position as new vehicle consultant with Manawatū Toyota.
Personal life
McRedmond and his wife, Natalie, have two daughters.
References
1958 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Dannevirke
People educated at St Peter's College, Palmerston North
New Zealand male cyclists
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for New Zealand
Cyclists at the 1982 Commonwealth Games
Cyclists at the 1986 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games medallists in cycling
New Zealand sports coaches
New Zealand track cyclists
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46669959
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gryllus%20assimilis
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Gryllus assimilis
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Gryllus assimilis, commonly known as the Jamaican field cricket and sometimes referred to as the silent cricket (a misnomer) among other names, is one of many cricket species known as a field cricket. Its natural habitats are the West Indies and parts of the southern United States, Mexico, and South America, though as a result of widespread breeding programs to supply feeder insects to the pet industry since 2010, it has become available commercially throughout North America and Europe.
Taxonomy
At one time, many field crickets found in the eastern states of the United States were assumed to be a single species and were referred to as Gryllus assimilis. However, in 1932, the entomologist B. B. Fulton showed that four populations of field cricket in North Carolina, that were morphologically identical and which were all considered to be G. assimilis, produced four different songs. It was further observed that though some had overlapping habitats, each population had different seasonal life cycles and were unable to cross-breed. Further investigation led to the acceptance of a species complex comprising eight species in the eastern states, including two that have indistinguishable songs but different seasons of activity, and one where the males are mute. Once these eight species were distinguishable by song, tiny morphological differences were discovered between them, such as the precise number of teeth on the stridulatory mechanism. None of these species are the Jamaican field cricket, which was first described in 1775 by the Danish zoologist Johan Christian Fabricius, the type locality being Jamaica.
Subspecies
There are two subspecies :
G. a. assimilis (Fabricius, 1775) - West Indies, United States, Mexico and South America
G. a. pallida Saussure, 1897 - Mexico
Distribution and habitat
Gryllus assimilis occurs in the West Indies, southern United States, Mexico and parts of South America. In the United States, it is limited to Florida and southern Texas. Its typical habitat is weedy fields, roadside verges, lawns and rough pasture.
Life cycle
Females deposit as many as 400 eggs via an ovipositor into damp soil. At suitably warm temperatures (between and , eggs usually hatch in about eleven days. Nymphal stages take place for another three six to seven weeks, at which point the insect reaches sexual maturity and the males begin calling for females. Eggs are often consumed cannibalistically by adults searching the soil for food.
As pests
Crickets of this species are considered pests in vegetable and flower gardens as well as in citrus nurseries. In the past they have been controlled by fumigating the soil with calcium cyanide, a highly toxic poison.
Call
The call, issued only by the male, is a short, pulsed chirp emitted at intervals of about one second. The pulse rate is rapid and the intervals between the pulses brief, so each chirp sounds like a continuous sound.
Diseases
The Jamaican field cricket is immune to cricket paralysis virus, a disease which swept through the cricket rearing industry in 2010 and devastated the existing stock of the commonly-purchased and very similar house crickets in the United States and Europe. This has led to the Jamaican field cricket becoming the latest "standard" cricket available for purchase as a food for pets.
Confusion of Gryllus locorojo with Gryllus assimilis
The other species, Gryllus locorojo, different morphologically and by its songs, also known as "crazy red" or "banana cricket", is often confused with Gryllus assimilis. Gryllus locorojo has a medium-large body, long or short winged, typically reddish/brownish colored head with three or four longitudinal stripes visible even in specimens with darker heads. According to Varvara Vedenina, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: "The cricket culture under name "Gryllus assimilis" came to the Moscow Zoo from the Berlin Zoo in the beginning of the 1990s. No details are known. A bit latter, in 1997, the cricket eggs under name "Gryllus argentinus" came from Paris Museum of Natural History to St. Petersburg. These eggs definitely originated from Ecuador, since French colleagues returned from an expedition there. Both cultures appear to be identical". This cricket, predominantly known as "Gryllus assimilis" in Russia and Europe (sometimes also referred as "Gryllus argentinus"), was described as a new species by D.B. Weissman and D.A. Gray in 2012 and should not be confused neither with the true Gryllus assimilis nor with the true Gryllus argentinus.
Notes
References
assimilis
Orthoptera of North America
Orthoptera of South America
Insects of the Dominican Republic
Insects of the United States
Insects described in 1775
Taxa named by Johan Christian Fabricius
Insects as feed
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57438315
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledge%20of%20President%20John%20Fitzgerald%20Kennedy
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Ledge of President John Fitzgerald Kennedy
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The Ledge of President John Fitzgerald Kennedy (French: Corniche du président-John-Fitzgerald-Kennedy; locally dubbed La Corniche) is a street in the 7th arrondissement of Marseille, France. It runs along the Mediterranean coast from the beach at Les Catalans in the city centre to Promenade Georges Pompidou and the Plages du Prado in the south, at the limit with the 8th arrondissement. It was named after US President John Fitzgerald Kennedy the year of his assassination, in 1963.
Description
Starting as a simple path created between 1848 and 1863, the Corniche was later developed into an actual road from 1954 to 1968, when the municipal executive led by Mayor Gaston Defferre decided to expand it. Plans for a tram line, which were first presented in the late 19th century, were rapidly realised, although it was later disbanded to create space for the automobile.
It overlooks the Mediterranean and its islands, amongst others the Frioul archipelago. Along it are fishermen's barracks, 19th century villas (most notably the Villa Valmer and its public park), hotels, restaurants (including Le Petit Nice of chef Gérald Passédat), bars and beaches (Plage du Prophète being one of the best known). The Corniche also passes over the Vallon des Auffes and its adjacent Monument aux Morts de l'Armée d'Orient, as well as the Anse de la Fausse Monnaie (Counterfeit Money Cove). As the origin of this name remains unknown, it is used in local tales to embellish the story of the area.
On the sea side of the Corniche Kennedy is a bench running nearly its entire length, with almost no interruption; this made people from Marseille dub it the "longest bench in the world". Despite it being forbidden to jump into the sea from the Corniche, it is a popular activity for local residents.
In popular culture
The boardwalk serves as a meeting place for teenagers in the novel Corniche Kennedy by Maylis de Kerangal. In 2016, the novel was given a film adaptation by the director Dominique Cabrera in an eponym movie. The Corniche can also be seen in the 2014 film The Connection by director Cédric Jimenez.
Gallery
References
Streets in Marseille
7th arrondissement of Marseille
Tourist attractions in Marseille
John F. Kennedy
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25199212
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tillandsia%20tillii
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Tillandsia tillii
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Tillandsia tillii is a species in the genus Tillandsia. This species is endemic to Mexico.
References
tillii
Endemic flora of Mexico
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19758290
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lekhparajul
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Lekhparajul
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Lekhparajul is a village development committee in Surkhet District in the Bheri Zone of mid-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4567 people living in 739 individual households.
References
External links
UN map of the municipalities of Surkhet District
Populated places in Surkhet District
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8528504
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murata%20Electronics%20%28Finland%29
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Murata Electronics (Finland)
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Murata Electronics Oy is a Finnish company (previously called VTI Technologies Oy) that design, develop and manufacture accelerometers, inclinometers and gyro sensors based on the company's proprietary 3D MEMS technology. These sensors are used to measure things such as acceleration, inclination, vibration and pressure. In 2012, VTI Technologies was acquired by the Japanese Murata Manufacturing group, and changed its name to Murata Electronics Oy.
Products and applications
The products are used in automotive industry, industrial applications and healthcare technology. Murata Electronics is the market leading manufacturer and supplier of acceleration and inclination sensors to the global automotive industry and the world's leading manufacturer of motion sensors for electronic stability control systems. In healthcare Murata Electronics is the global market leader in motion sensors for pacemakers. In industrial applications Murata's sensors are used in demanding agricultural and other heavy machinery applications such as harvesters, forest machines, tractors and mining equipment.
References
External links
Technology companies of Finland
Vantaa
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38183000
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3n%20Triunfo%20%28Mexican%20TV%20series%29
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Operación Triunfo (Mexican TV series)
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Operación Triunfo was the Mexican version of the Spanish TV series Operación Triunfo based on the international franchise Star Academy.
Season 1 (2002)
Only one sole edition was broadcast in Mexico in 2002, on the Mexican TV station Televisa. The sole season was hosted by Jaime Camil and the winner the show was Darina Márquez.
The jury was made up of:
Jaime Almeida: specialist, musical producer, conductor
Karen Guindi: compositor, Musical producer, conductor
Kiko Marti: musical producer and photographer
Manuel Calderón: musical director
The teachers were:
Patricia Reyes Spíndola: Academy director
Elena Lara: Academy coordinator
Fernando Lima: vocal coach
Jack Jackson: vocal techniques and interpretation
Víctor Manuel Ramos: vocal projection
Vico Rubín: interpretation and style
Marius Biegai: body expression
Verónica Falcón: choreographer, dance and movement
Rodolfo Ayala: dance and assistant choreographer
Pat Gordon: English pronunciation
Tere Ambé: spinning
Amado Cavazos: yoga
Sebastian Tapie: "traveler" , meditation
Contestants / results
The following table shows the names and backgrounds of the contestants, and the place occupied in the competition.
Originally only 16 Academy students were planned, but Martha King was also included with the gala shows.
No further seasons were made in Mexico. As of March 2020, there is no announcement regarding a reboot.
External links
2002 Mexican television series debuts
2002 Mexican television series endings
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12916348
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorea%20alutacea
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Shorea alutacea
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Shorea alutacea is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is endemic to Borneo, where it is confined to Sarawak.
References
alutacea
Endemic flora of Borneo
Trees of Borneo
Flora of Sarawak
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
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35067436
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procanthia%20nivea
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Procanthia nivea
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Procanthia nivea is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae first described by Walter Rothschild in 1910. It is found in South Africa.
References
Endemic moths of South Africa
Moths described in 1910
Arctiinae
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54522753
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eulynx
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Eulynx
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EULYNX is a European initiative in the area of railway signalling, with the aim of reducing the cost and installation time of signalling equipment. Currently, there are 13 members from all across Europe, with baseline 1 published in March 2017 and baseline 2 published in December 2017. The project documents lay down a system architecture for interlocking systems, including standard interfaces for the individual interlocking components, that can be used in any of the participating countries. The objective is to turn interlockings into modular systems, where different parts of one interlocking can be supplied by different manufacturers while maintaining the high safety and reliability levels required of a critical railway safety system.
Introduction
EULYNX was started in 2014 by the railway infrastructure managers of 6 European countries: Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, France, Luxembourg and Great Britain. This has expanded with time to 12 by including the railway infrastructure managers from: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Slovenia, Switzerland, Italy and Austria. The project is meant to standardise railway signalling and control interfaces, in order to reduce cost and installation time of signalling equipment.
EULYNX stems from the shorter lifetime of new signalling equipment technology, especially of interlockings which are at the core of the railway safety system. An interlocking system using mechanical technology could be expected to last up to 80 years but electronic interlocking equipment has a shorter lifetime, between 15 and 20 years.
The high cost of railway signalling equipment and the fact that until recently, suppliers operated mostly within national borders, resulted in a significant amount of technological diversity, and elements installed over many decades. When there is the need to install a new interlocking system core, this might not be compatible with the old field elements, such as signals and level crossing protection systems, forcing a substitution of elements that are still decades away from their expected end of lifecycle. Mergers and acquisitions in the supplying industry also mean less competition which can be another factor driving up costs.
By standardising the system architecture and interfaces of railway signalling equipment, the lifecycle of the interlocking core can be decoupled from the field elements, which have longer lifecycles, changing the traditional business logic of using a complete system from one manufacturer. Furthermore, the intellectual property (IP) rights of the specifications belong to the project partners, contrary to when buying off the shelf products. The use of this approach enables manufacturers to bid for only a particular component, thereby lowering entry costs and increasing opportunities for competition. Furthermore, when a component has to be replaced, any company can supply that particular product.
Aims
EULYNX aims to reinforce the process of defining and standardising interfaces in the future railway digital control command communication, signalling and automation system. The process of digitization in the railway industry provides a huge opportunity to reduce costs by improving efficiency, streamlining processes and reliability. The major goal is to increase the railway capacity and reliability with a significant reduction in the life-cycle cost of the system.
Implementation
The technical documents are published in stages, with baseline 1, covering CENELEC phases 1 - 4/5 published in 31 of March 2017 and baseline 2 published in December 2017, at the moment the consortium is working on the development of the state machines corresponding to the baseline 2 requirements. Part of the specifications are openly available and the more detailed specifications require a previous registration.
Bane NOR the Norwegian railway infrastructure manager has introduced EULYNX requirements in its ERTMS expansion programme, including equipping rolling stock and installing its whole network with ETCS level 2 signalling system. Both the signalling system and the traffic management system are now required to have EULYNX interfaces.
SŽ-Infrastructure has also announced the roll-out of EULYNX-compliant equipment in Slovenia after 2020.
DB Netz is in a pre-series phase until 2019, using EULYNX requirements in ongoing signalling projects, while the specifications are completed. Production phase will follow.
EULYNX specifications are also implemented in the Reference CCS Architecture (RCA) initiative, based on the white paper released in 2018.
Other effects
EULYNX uses formal methods which are essential in other high-tech industries but not used widely by the railway infrastructure managers. The introduction of a distributed safety system is also pioneering in the sector, leading the way for other projects that need to go through a similar certification process.
References
Railway associations
Railway safety
Railway signalling
Signal boxes
Standards
Train protection systems
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11917656
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andervenne
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Andervenne
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Andervenne is a municipality in the Emsland district, in Lower Saxony, Germany.
References
Emsland
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40655739
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trailer%20connectors%20in%20Australia
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Trailer connectors in Australia
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A number of standards prevail in Australia for trailer connectors, the electrical connectors between vehicles and the trailers they tow that provide a means of control for the trailers.
The Australian market uses its own version of especially the European contacts, but also completely own contacts.
The only connector used on the Australian market that is fully ISO standard conformant is the 7-pin ABS / EBS plug.
Since Australia has vehicles from both the North American market and the European market there is a mixture of 12V and 24V.
7-pin trailer connector (AS 4735) for heavy duty vehicles
This connector is based on both SAE J560 and ISO 1185 and is providing either 12V, 7 x 40A or 24V, 7 x 20A. The voltage varies from vehicle to vehicle.
Round trailer connectors Type 1
These connectors are based on ISO 1724 in 5-pin and 7-pin versions, but with some difference in the wiring.
Round 7-pin trailer connector Type 1 (AS 2513)
This contact has chosen to use one of the connections of the ISO 1724 is used for position light to electric brakes (Pin 5, 58R), which means that if you connect a trailer with electric brakes to a towing vehicle wired according to ISO 1724 and turn on the position lights the trailer will be braking. Pin 2 (54G) is in the Australian wiring standard the reversing light, which is a minor problem.
Round 5-pin trailer connector Type 1
This connector is replaced by the 7-pin (AS 2513), but can be found on older vehicles. Note that pins 1 and 4 missing. Pin placement is identical to the 7-pin ISO 1724 with the absence of these pins. This means that you can connect a trailer with a 5-pin connector to a 7-pin socket or the other way around, but since the pins are wired in a different way the result may be far from what was expected.
Round trailer socket type 2
Round 7 pin trailer connector type 2
Round 6-pin trailer connector type 2
Rectangular trailer connectors Type 3
The image of the 7 and 12 pin flat plugs are from the cable entry view (and possibly the images of the round connectors too). Please see reference [2] (VSB1 section 14) for front image. Reference [1] Narva wiring diagrams also have the diagrams cable entry view. If you want the front view images in colour see
See also
Trailer connector
Trailer connectors in Europe
ISO standards for trailer connectors
Trailer connectors in North America
Trailer connectors in military organizations
References
Automotive electrics
Trailers
DC power connectors
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3198863
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikersund
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Vikersund
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Vikersund is a town of 3,232 (in 2020) inhabitants in the municipality capital of Modum, in the county of Buskerud, Norway.
Overview
Vikersund is located 30 kilometers south of Hønefoss and 40 kilometers northwest of Drammen. The village is located at the southwestern arm of Tyrifjorden. Drammenselva enters Tyrifjorden by Vikerfossen. Trunk road Highway 35 passes Vikersund. Vikersund station is a railway station on Randsfjordbanen which was established in 1866, two years before Randsfjordbanen between Drammen and Randsfjord was completed.
Vikersund has a primary school - Vikersund primary school and a middle school - North Modum School. Students at NMU from Vikersund school Sysle school and some also come from Stalsberg school (Geithus). Between Vikersund and Krøderen is Krøderbanen museumsjernbane railway museum. Tyrifjord Hotell, situated by the fjord opposite Vikersund, just 3 minutes by car from Vikersund Ski-Jumping Center with the world's largest ski flying hill.
History
Historically, Vikersund been important in the pulp and paper industry. Timber was floated on Tyrifjord past Vikerfossen down the Drammenselva. Modum municipality has many cultural and sports facilities. In Vikersund this includes the Vikersund Ski-Jumping Center with seven ski slopes, golf courses and ski hill.
Vikersund is perhaps best known for it ski flying hill, Vikersundbakken. The present large hill was built in 1988 and last modified in 2010. It regularly hosts World Cup in ski flying. It has hosted the FIS Ski Flying World Championships four times and will do so again in 2022. On 18 March 2017 Stefan Kraft set a world record in the ground with 253.5 m, while Dmitriy Vasiliev flew to 254 m, but crashed.
Vike kirkeruin
The ruins of Vike Church (Vike kirkeruin) are located east of Vikersund. It was referred to as the parish church in 1456, but is believed to have dated from the 1200s. The church was presumably abandoned around the Protestant Reformation. The walls stood until late 1700s, but later they are used as a quarry.
The foundations were uncovered and excavated in 1969-70 under the direction of Luce Hinsch.
References
Other sources
Hinsch, Luce (1987) Monuments and Sites: Norway - A Cultural Heritage (Aschehoug AS)
Villages in Buskerud
Modum
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24689648
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20Dubois%20%28field%20hockey%29
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Jean Dubois (field hockey)
|
Jean Marie Joseph François Dubois (4 October 1926 – 28 January 2021) was a Belgian field hockey player who competed in four summer Olympics between 1948 and 1960. At the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, his team placed a tied 7th in a field of 13. At the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, he had his best result when his team placed an equal 5th in a field of 13. At the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, his team placed 7th out of a field of 12. At his final Olympic Games in 1960 in Rome, his team placed 11th out of 16 nations. In total, he played fifteen field hockey matches in all of his Olympic Games. Dubois died in January 2021 at the age of 94.
References
1926 births
2021 deaths
Belgian male field hockey players
Field hockey players at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Olympic field hockey players of Belgium
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2767571
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben%20Vorlich%2C%20Loch%20Earn
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Ben Vorlich, Loch Earn
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Ben Vorlich (Scottish Gaelic: Beinn Mhùrlaig) is a mountain located in the southern part of the Highlands of Scotland. Due to its prominence when seen from the lower ground of the Central Belt, Ben Vorlich is one of the most commonly seen of Munros, Scotland's peaks of 3000ft height or above. It lies in an area of land bounded to the north by Loch Earn, and to the west by Loch Lubnaig. The town of Callander lies to the south.
Ben Vorlich is most frequently climbed from Ardvorlich to the north. A path leads up Glen Vorlich, and then heads for the mountain's northern ridge. The summit lies 4 km from Ardvorlich. Many walkers then continue on to the neighbouring hill, Stùc a' Chroin, by way of Ben Vorlich's south west ridge. Return to Ardvorlich can be made without re-ascending Ben Vorlich, as a path leads from the bealach between the two hills round Ben Vorlich's northwestern slope to meet the main ascent path.
Other possible routes from the southern side allow one to ascend Ben Vorlich by way of its southeastern ridge. This can be accessed either from Glen Artney to the southeast or Callander to the south.
References
External links
Ben Vorlich Routes from Lochearn Routes and images on Ben Vorlich
Computer generated summit panoramas NorthSouth index
Mountains and hills of the Southern Highlands
Marilyns of Scotland
Munros
Mountains and hills of Stirling (council area)
Mountains and hills of Perth and Kinross
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64572393
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjar%20Agung%2C%20Tulang%20Bawang
|
Banjar Agung, Tulang Bawang
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Banjar Agung is a district (kecamatan) located in the Tulang Bawang Regency of Lampung in Sumatra, Indonesia.
Banjar Agung is the largest economic and central business in Tulang Bawang regency with its market known as Banjar Agung Unit 2 Market (Pasar Unit 2).
Village
Banjar Agung is divided into eleven administrative villages, there are shown on table below:
Border
The border district of Banjar Agung as follows ;
Bordered by Banjar Margo District to the North.
Bordered by Banjar Baru District to the South.
Bordered by West Tulang Bawang Regency to the West.
Bordered by Gedung Aji to the East.
List of schools
Middle schools
SMP Negeri 1 Banjar Agung
SMP Negeri 2 Banjar Agung
SMP Negeri 3 Banjar Agung
SMP Lentera Harapan
SMP IT Cendekia
Senior high schools
SMA Negeri 1 Banjar Agung
SMK Negeri 1 Banjar Agung
SMK Al-Iman
SMK HMPTI
SMK Nusantara
SMK Kes Bhakti Nusantara
References
Category:Tulang
Tulang Bawang Regency
Districts of Lampung
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21848417
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred%20Ostendorf
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Fred Ostendorf
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Frederick K. Ostendorf (August 5, 1892 – March 2, 1965) was an American professional baseball player who played in one game for the Indianapolis Hoosiers of the Federal League during the season.
He was born in Baltimore, Maryland and died in Kecoughtan, Virginia at the age of 72.
External links
Major League Baseball pitchers
Baseball players from Baltimore
Indianapolis Hoosiers players
1892 births
1965 deaths
Henderson Hens players
Harrisburg Coal Miners players
Marshalltown Ansons players
Thomasville Hornets players
Griffin Lightfoots players
Newport News Shipbuilders players
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14406257
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LUNA%20Bar
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LUNA Bar
|
LUNA Bars are a brand of nutrition bar created by Clif Bar & Company in 1999. The product was the first nutrition bar aimed at women. The brand has expanded to cover nutritional drinks, protein bars, and LUNAFEST, a woman's film festival.
History
LUNA was created in 1999 by Clif Bar & Company’s female employees. The bars were formulated to be under 200 calories, to be more appealing to women.
Community outreach
One of Clif Bar & Company's five company bottom lines is “Sustaining Our Community.” With this in mind, LUNA donates 1% of all product sales to charities that support environmental, social, and cultural needs, mainly to their primary charity, The Breast Cancer Fund.
LUNAFEST
In 2000, LUNA established LUNAFEST, a philanthropic traveling film festival with films written and directed by women. Individuals and organizations can register to host a LUNAFEST in their city, with LUNA providing the films and the materials. Through this fundraising model, the hosting organization can raise funds for the Breast Cancer Fund and the cause or organization of their choice (with 15% of LUNAFEST proceeds supporting the Breast Cancer Fund and the remaining 85% of funds supporting the nonprofit organization chosen by the host). Since 2000, LUNAFEST has raised over $456,000 for the Breast Cancer Fund and $785,000 for other women’s organizations. In the 2010-2011 season, LUNAFEST will travel to more than 150 communities across the country.
Team LUNA Chix
In 2001, Clif Bar co-owners and co-CEOs Gary Erickson and Kit Crawford launched the LUNA Pro Team, a women’s professional mountain biking team. In 2002, they expanded the program to include Team LUNA Chix, a network of women's teams across the country that focus on learning new sports, staying active, and raising money for the Breast Cancer Fund. Although initially focused on mountain biking, the LUNA Pro Team and Team LUNA Chix now also include running, triathlon, and cycling teams. There are over 26 LUNA Chix teams in over 21 cities, with a total 260 members. They were featured in Fitness Magazine as one of fifteen organizations promoting the fight against breast cancer.
Reception
Various LUNA products has been profiled in Self, The New York Times, Glamour, Fitness, Us Weekly, and received endorsements from Carrie Underwood and Cameron Diaz. It was voted the favorite energy bar by FitSugar readers.
Bar varieties
Incomplete list of Luna Bar types:
Blueberry Bliss
Caramel Nut Brownie
Carrot Cake
Chocolate Chunk
Chocolate Cupcake
Chocolate Dipped Coconut
Chocolate Peppermint Stick
Chocolate Raspberry
Cookie Dough
Cookies ‘n Cream Delight
Honey Salted Peanut
Iced Oatmeal Raisin
LemonZest
Luna Fiber Chocolate Raspberry
Luna Fiber Peanut Butter Strawberry
Luna Fiber Vanilla Blueberry
Luna Protein Chocolate
Luna Protein Chocolate Cherry Almond
Luna Protein Chocolate Chip Cookie Dough
Luna Protein Chocolate Coconut Almond
Luna Protein Chocolate Peanut Butter
Luna Protein Cookie Dough
Luna Protein Lemon Vanilla
Luna Protein Mint Chocolate Chip
Mint Chocolate Chip
Nutz Over Chocolate
Peanut Butter Cookie
Peanut Honey Pretzel
Salted Caramel Nut (Gluten Free)
S’mores
Toasted Nuts 'n Cranberry
Vanilla Almond
White Chocolate Macadamia
See also
List of food companies
References
External links
Official website
LUNAFEST film festival website
Energy food products
Products introduced in 1999
Companies based in California
Companies based in Emeryville, California
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20227229
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attera%20Orbis%20Terrarum%20%E2%80%93%20Part%20II
|
Attera Orbis Terrarum – Part II
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Attera Orbis Terrarum – Part II is the second of the two-part Attera Orbis Terrarum series of live DVDs by Swedish black metal band Dark Funeral. This part accounts for the South American leg of the Attera Orbis Terrarum tour in October 2006, and also includes amateur footage filmed in both North America and South America.
Track listing
Disc One
Live in Argentina, October 2006
"Intro" – 1:29
"King Antichrist" – 4:20
"Diabolis Interium" – 4:14
"Ravenna Strigoi Mortii" – 4:16
"The Arrival of Satan's Empire" – 3:47
"Open the Gates" – 4:10
"Vobiscum Satanas" – 4:56
"666 Voices Inside" – 4:36
"The Secrets of the Black Arts" – 3:58
"Attera Totus Sanctus" – 5:23
"Hail Murder" – 5:57
"Atrum Regina" – 6:01
"My Dark Desires" – 4:20
"An Apprentice of Satan" – 7:50
Amateur footage
"The Dawn No More Rises" (Live in Chicago, IL, 1997) – 4:09
"Satan's Mayhem" (Live in Manhattan, NY, 1997) – 5:12
"The Secrets of the Black Arts" (Live in Westland, MI, 1999) – 4:12
"Shadows over Transylvania" (Live in San Bernardino, CA, 2000) – 3:36
"Bloodfrozen" (Live in New York City, NY, 2000) – 4:02
"An Apprentice of Satan" (Live in Hollywood, CA, 2004) – 5:32
"King Antichrist" (Live in Los Angeles, CA, 2007) – 5:12
"Diabolis Interium" (Live in Montreal, Canada, 2007) – 4:25
Disc Two
Live in Brazil, October 2006
"King Antichrist" – 7:21
"Diabolis Interium" – 4:27
"Ravenna Strigoi Mortii" – 3:57
"The Arrival of Satan's Empire" – 3:41
"Open the Gates" – 4:01
"Vobiscum Satanas" – 4:09
"666 Voices Inside" – 4:13
"Attera Totus Sanctus" – 5:36
"The Secrets of the Black Arts" – 3:18
"Godhate" – 4:51
"Hail Murder" – 5:13
"Atrum Regina" – 4:48
"My Dark Desires" – 4:05
"An Apprentice of Satan" – 7:19
Amateur footage
"My Dark Desires" (Live in Porto Alegre) – 4:23
"The Arrival of Satan's Empire" (Live in Santiago) – 5:45
"Vobiscum Satanas" (Live in Guatemala) – 5:05
"Open the Gates" (Live in Mexico City) – 5:42
"Godhate" (Live in Campinas) – 4:36
Personnel
Lord Ahriman – guitars
Emperor Magus Caligula – vocals
Chaq Mol – guitars
B-Force – bass
Matte Modin – drums (2000–2007)
External links
Dark Funeral discography
Dark Funeral video albums
2008 video albums
Live video albums
2008 live albums
Regain Records live albums
Regain Records video albums
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56329343
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3el%20Sigur%C3%B0sson
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Jóel Sigurðsson
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Jóel Sigurðsson (5 November 1924 – 28 November 2003) was an Icelandic athlete. He competed in the men's javelin throw at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
References
1924 births
2003 deaths
Athletes (track and field) at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Jóel Sigurðsson
Jóel Sigurðsson
Sportspeople from Reykjavík
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27990680
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niveria%20maltbiana
|
Niveria maltbiana
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Niveria maltbiana is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Triviidae, the false cowries or trivias.
Distribution
Description
The maximum recorded shell length is 13 mm.
Habitat
Minimum recorded depth is 2 m. Maximum recorded depth is 91 m.
References
Triviidae
Gastropods described in 1942
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52717751
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lydipta%20senicula
|
Lydipta senicula
|
Lydipta senicula is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1865. It is known from Bolivia and Brazil.
References
Onciderini
Beetles described in 1865
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39954099
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African%20Free%20Presbyterian%20Church%20of%20Zimbabwe
|
African Free Presbyterian Church of Zimbabwe
|
The Africa Free Presbyterian Church of Zimbabwe is a Reformed denomination in Zimbabwe. It was begun in 1953 by Rev Edwin Radasi, who broke away from the Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland in Zimbabwe. His father Rev John Boyana Radasi was instrumental in founding the Free Presbyterian Church in Zimbabwe. In 1995 there were 4 congregations 2,100 members, about 4,000 are affiliated with the denomination.
References
Presbyterian denominations in Africa
Reformed denominations in Zimbabwe
Christian organizations established in 1953
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61636663
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilarigona%20modesta
|
Hilarigona modesta
|
Hilarigona modesta is a species of dance flies, in the fly family Empididae.
References
Empididae
Insects described in 1909
Diptera of South America
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36974765
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abergavenny%20fireworks%20display
|
Abergavenny fireworks display
|
The Abergavenny fireworks display is an annual organized fireworks display held each year on 5 November, Guy Fawkes Night in Abergavenny, Wales.
The event takes place in Belgrave Park, at the Nevill Hall Hospital end of town (not at the hospital itself). It has been running each year since 1968.
The event is run and organized by the local social networking club Abergavenny and District Round Table, which is one of the branches in the UK of the Round Table. It is a non profit event with all proceeds being distributed to charities and good causes, primarily in and around the Abergavenny area. Some of those to have benefited from monies raised from the Abergavenny fireworks display include: Abergavenny Scouts, Crickhowell Scouts, Jigsaw community project, Llanbedr Village Thai Boxing, Mardy Juniors Football, RTB Ebbw Vale Junior AFC Club, a fuller list is on the Abergavenny and District Round Table website.
History
The Abergavenny fireworks display was originally started to provide a display for the children's home in 1965 it moved to its current location of Belgrave Park in 1968 as the fireworks could be seen from the nearby Nevill Hall Hospital, the fireworks display has been put on every year since, up to the present.
Poster competition
A competition is held with the help of the local schools to design a poster for the Abergavenny fireworks display. The posters are used as part of the advertising of the event. The winners and their classmates will receive child entrance tickets to the fireworks display, and the school will receive a donation.
References
External links
Abergavenny fireworks website
Abergavenny and District Round Table website
flickr - 2010 Pictures
Abergavenny
Fireworks events in Europe
1968 establishments in Wales
Recurring events established in 1968
Annual events in Wales
Autumn events in Wales
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67779131
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise%20Grimes
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Louise Grimes
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Louise Catherine Grimes was an Australian musician, teacher, organist, and choir mistress. She was a prominent figure in the Brisbane music community and was notable for being the first woman organist at St John's Cathedral.
Early life and education
Grimes was born in Lutwyche, Queensland in 1907 to Lilian Grimes and Alfred Kingsford Grimes. She attended Windsor State and Brisbane Girls Grammar School and received her early musical education from Ethel Martin. Grimes was also a student with organist George Sampson for 12 years, from whom she received her choral and organ training.
In 1930, Grimes became the first woman in Queensland to pass the Licentiate in Music Examination of Trinity College London and qualified as a Fellow. In 1937, she became the first woman in Queensland to graduate with a Bachelor of Music degree from the University of Adelaide. She achieved a distinction and was one of only two people to hold this degree in Queensland at the time. It was reported that along with university and examination fees, Grimes had to pay for outside tuition and achieved her degree without being provided with lectures from the University.
In addition to her Music degree, Grimes began an arts course at Queensland University in 1937.
Broadcast and teaching
Grimes was appointed to a Department of Public Instruction committee in 1924 to work with radio station 4QG to supervise educational broadcasting. She broadcast these educational shows from 1938-52. Through the late 1920s and the 1930s, she regularly performed two-piano recitals with Helen Collins for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
In the 1930s, Grimes taught at Windsor State School where she was music mistress with a particular focus on the child voice. She directed the musical education of more than 1,100 children including junior and senior girls' choirs and boys' choir of 100 voices each, and an orchestra of 25 violinists. She stated that she did not want to take the children into the public eye too frequently, believing that was better for the children's characters.
Grimes was also conductor of Brisbane Girls Grammar School Old Girls' Association choir. In 1936 she conducted a performance of Coleridge-Taylor's Hiawatha music in Albert Hall, Brisbane and employed members of the Brisbane Grammar School Old Girls' Association and members of the Windsor Choir.
Grimes gave a number of Brisbane premiere performances with her choirs. In 1937, she conducted a performance of Benjamin Britten's Saint Nicolas cantata St John's Cathedral with boy's choir, which was the first performance of the work in Brisbane. She also gave the first performance of Britten's Noye's Fludde in the city.
From 1941-47, Grimes was appointed to the Windsor State School's music department, overseeing the musical education in Queensland. In 1957, she became a lecturer at Queensland Teachers' College. She moved to Kedron Park Teachers' College in 1960, where she established the music department and became dean of women.
Organist
Grimes was appointed organist and choir mistress of St John's Cathedral in 1947 after supervising the Cathedral for 12 months. She was the first woman to be appointed to the Cathedral. All of the other 19 other applicants for the position were men. It was reported that at the time, Grimes was the only woman organist of a major cathedral in the British Empire. After being appointed organist at St. John's, she resigned from her position of choir mistress of St. Alban's Church.
At St John's, Grimes reformed the music library, unearthing previously unsung Tudor choral music and promoting the singing of twentieth century repertoire. She conducted carol services at St John's every year beginning on the first Friday in December in 1947. The services became a key part of the Brisbane Christmas season.
Grimes often gave recitals and performed in concerts as an organist. She gave a recital at St Andrew's Cathedral, Sydney in September 1956 as part of a larger programme of concerts, including the St Matthew Passion, and also played organ in an all-women concert in 1945 for the reception of the Duchess of Gloucester held by the National Council of Women.
Grimes retired as an organist in 1960 and retired completely in 1973. Once retired, she moved to Jimboomba and took up part-time farming as a hobby.
References
1907 births
1990 deaths
Australian classical organists
University of Adelaide alumni
Musicians from Queensland
Australian women musicians
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18823101
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonel%20Blood%20%28film%29
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Colonel Blood (film)
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Colonel Blood (1934) was a British film written and directed by W. P. Lipscomb. It was a dramatised account of Thomas Blood, a 17th-century adventurer in England.
Plot
The plot is based on a dramatised account of the exploits of the historical renegade, Thomas Blood, in the 17th century and his attempted theft of the British.
Production
The film was shot on location at Shepperton Studios in England. It was shot on 35mm black and white film in an aspect ratio of 1.37:1. It was produced by Norman Loudon for Sound City Film, Shepperton Studio's in-house sound production company.
Cast
Frank Cellier as Col. Blood
Anne Grey as Lady Castlemaine
Mary Lawson as Susie
Allan Jeayes as Charles II
Hay Petrie as Mr. Edwards
Hilda Trevelyan as Mrs. Edwards
Arthur Chesney as Samuel Pepys
Stella Arbenina as Mrs. Pepys
Desmond Jeans as Parrot
Robert Nainby as Desborough
Arthur Goullet as Tim
Percy Standing as Duke of Ormonde
Ena Grossmith as Jane
Gabriel Toyne as Ossory
Peggy Evans as Nancy
E. Vivian Reynolds as Arlington
Tarva Penna as Chiffinch
External links
1934 films
1930s heist films
1930s historical drama films
British films
British historical drama films
British heist films
English-language films
Films set in the 1670s
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
British black-and-white films
1934 drama films
Cultural depictions of Charles II of England
Films shot at Shepperton Studios
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11195824
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland%20Branch%20Railway
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Portland Branch Railway
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The Portland Branch railway was a railway line located on the Isle of Portland in the English county of Dorset. The line operated from the late nineteenth century until closing to passengers in 1952 and goods in 1965. For a short line, it had a complex history, built in three separate sections and operated jointly by two rival railway companies. Its construction needed twelve years of blasting through solid rock and three extensions of Parliamentary time.
Inception
The need in the early 1820s to transport stone led to an older railway, the Merchant's Railway, being promoted. A public company authorised by Act of Parliament, the company existed for a long time after the closure of the railway. The railway initially consisted of a tramway, then an incline from Priory Corner to Castletown Pier. This was a distinct railway from the later Portland Branch, although an attempt by the Easton and Church Hope railway to take it over failed at the parliamentary stage. The line was at any event not standard gauge and the stock not compatible with main line standards.
Construction
A line from Weymouth to Portland was part of the original plan for the Wilts, Somerset and Weymouth Railway but not followed through. Then in 1861 two schemes were put forward, one down Weymouth Backwater and another including a harbour tramway. The harbour scheme was constructed. An Agreement of 1862 leased the line in perpetuity to the GWR and the LSWR who agreed to work it jointly. Construction of the Weymouth and Portland railway started at the end of 1862 and was completed by April 1864. A need for further work on the timber viaducts over the backwater and The Fleet held up the opening until September when another year was spent arguing about where the trains should go in Weymouth station. The line was mixed gauge when it opened on 16 October 1865.
In 1866 another line, the Easton and Church Hope, was proposed on the other side of the Isle of Portland. Initially it was to link Portland's quarries to the sea. This line was started but powers expired in 1872 and the line lay dormant for eleven years. In the meantime an Admiralty railway was built from the end of the Weymouth and Portland line to a pier on the new Admiralty Breakwater, mainly to supply coal to ships. The Easton and Church Hope was revived with hopes of running powers over this line but although construction was authorised in 1884 none was undertaken until 1888. When it did the work involved blasting through three and a half miles of solid rock in a task taking twelve years. A new station was completed at Easton in 1900. A delay caused by the need to bring the Admiralty stretch up to passenger standard followed. The Admiralty terminated its agreement with the GWR and LSWR, allowing the Easton and Church Hope to carry out the work itself. The line opened to passenger traffic on 1 September 1902.
This left the north coast of Portland served by three different railways in a very short distance.
Operation
Although worked as a continuous line the Weymouth and Portland and Easton and Church Hope companies nominally remained independent until nationalisation in 1948. In 1908 to 1909 as part of a GWR plan to fight road competition halts were opened on the line, at Westham and Wyke Regis, and Rodwell station was enlarged and a loop installed. In 1908 the wooden backwater bridge was replaced and some land reclaimed. A separate station, known as Melcombe Regis, was built at the northern end of the bridge to save the branch train from having to reverse to enter Weymouth Station. Sandsfoot Castle Halt opened in 1932.
The final years
The branch closed to passenger traffic in 1952, remaining open for goods traffic until 1965. Although it officially closed in 1952, Melcombe Regis Station was retained as an overflow of the main Weymouth station, notably on summer Saturdays, until 1959. The backwater bridge remained until it collapsed in a storm in November 1974, and was subsequently demolished.
The line today
Today, parts of the line can still be walked, but the course of the backwater railway viaduct has long since been replaced by Weymouth’s Swannery road bridge, which was built in virtually the same place. The former platforms at Westham and Rodwell are still to be seen and this section is a popular green trailway, the Rodwell Trail. The bridge over The Fleet at Smallmouth was demolished in 1972. The route now passes through a boatyard, then along the Portland causeway over open common land. Reaching the southwest corner of Portland Harbour, the route now lies under a landscaped earthen embankment, which marks the edge of Portland's National Sailing Academy. Here, there is little evidence of the old railway, until east of Castletown, within Portland Port, where it re-emerges to climb the steep hillside of East Weares. This section has become a fine walk and leads to the spectacular cliffside cutting above Church Ope Cove. This section made it one of the most scenic coastal branch lines in the south of England; it is now part of Dorset's World Heritage Jurassic Coast.
References
Further reading
External links
Pictures of the Line
Old pictures of this line
Railway lines opened in 1865
Railway lines closed in 1965
Closed railway lines in South West England
Rail transport in Dorset
History of Dorset
Isle of Portland
Geography of Weymouth, Dorset
History of Weymouth, Dorset
Railways on English Islands
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21502594
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redux
|
Redux
|
Redux may refer to:
Arts and media
Redux (literary term), an adjective meaning "brought back, restored" used in literature, film and video game titles
"Redux" (The X-Files), a two-part episode of The X-Files
"Redux" (Homeland), an episode of Homeland
Redux (album), an album by Adam Ant
Redux (EP), an EP by Amebix
Redux: Dark Matters, a Dreamcast video game subsequently released online
Other uses
Redux (adhesive), an aircraft adhesive
Redux (drug), a weight-loss drug withdrawn in 1997
Redux (JavaScript library), a JavaScript library for managing state of user interfaces
See also
Redus, surname
Remix
Redox
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37998005
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellerina%20xyosterna
|
Stellerina xyosterna
|
Stellerina xyosterna, the pricklebreast poacher, is a species of poacher native to the eastern Pacific Ocean from Canada to northern Mexico. This species can be found on sandy or muddy bottoms at depths of from . This species grows to a length of TL. This species is the only known member of its genus.
References
Agonidae
Monotypic fish genera
Fish described in 1880
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6127004
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Host%20%28The%20X-Files%29
|
The Host (The X-Files)
|
"The Host" is the second episode of the second season of the science fiction television series The X-Files. It premiered on the Fox network on September 23, 1994. It was written by Chris Carter, directed by Daniel Sackheim, and featured guest appearances by Darin Morgan. The episode is a "Monster-of-the-Week" story, unconnected to the series' wider mythology. "The Host" earned a Nielsen household rating of 9.8, being watched by 9.3 million households in its initial broadcast. The episode received positive reviews, praising the creepiness of the villain.
The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. In the episode, Mulder and Scully investigate a body found in sewage after being reassigned to different departments. Their inquiry results in the discovery of a bizarre fluke-like man—the product of the Chernobyl disaster—that soon goes on a rampage in the sewers of New Jersey.
Series creator Chris Carter claimed to have been inspired to write the episode based on three incidents; his dog having worms, his readings about Chernobyl, and the extinction of species during the 1990s. The Flukeman character was portrayed by Darin Morgan, brother of executive producer Glen Morgan. Darin Morgan would become a staff writer for the show later in the second season. In addition, "The Host" also introduced the character of X, the successor of Mulder's former Syndicate informant Deep Throat.
Plot
On a Russian freighter off the coast of New Jersey, a crewman trying to fix the ship's toilets is pulled into the septic system. His half-eaten body appears in the sewers of Newark days later. Fox Mulder is assigned the case and visits with a Detective Norman in Newark, being shown the still-unidentified body. Mulder angrily confronts Assistant Director Walter Skinner, feeling he has been given the seeming "wild goose chase" as a form of punishment.
That night, Mulder talks to Dana Scully, telling her that he's thinking of leaving the FBI. He shoots down Scully's idea that he request a transfer to Quantico, believing the FBI doesn't want them working together. Scully performs the autopsy on the crewman's body, finding a Russian language tattoo on his arm and a flukeworm inside his liver.
In Newark, a city worker named Craig is pulled underwater in the sewers but is rescued by his co-worker. He believes he was attacked by a python. He decides to visit a doctor (with Mulder observing) and complains of a weird taste in his mouth. An abnormal four-pointed wound appears on his back during a medical examination in Sayreville, New Jersey. Scully then calls Mulder, telling him that she found a parasite in the crewman's body and that he should see it. Mulder shortly afterwards receives another call from a mysterious man telling him he has a friend at the FBI. When Scully meets Mulder, she shows Mulder the flukeworm she found, whose mouth, though much smaller, matches the wound on the city worker's back. That night, the city worker coughs up a flukeworm in his shower. Mulder visits a sewage processing plant and Charlie, an elderly sewage company employee, finds a large humanoid with a fluke-like mouth.
At Quantico, someone slips a newspaper article under Scully's door enabling her to identify the original body as a crew member on a Russian ship. Mulder and Scully meet at the processing plant and they look at the strange, fluke-like man. Skinner wants to prosecute the creature and subject it to a psychiatric evaluation, which Mulder thinks would be difficult. Skinner tells Mulder of Craig's death and admits that this would have been an X-File had they still been open. Mulder raises his discontentment claiming that with X-Files, a certain pair of agents could have saved a life. Skinner simply responds saying everyone takes their orders from someone, implying the decision was not his and came from higher up the chain of command.
That night workers put the flukeman into a U.S. Marshal's van unrestrained, but it kills the driver and escapes to a local campsite. The flukeman hides in a portable toilet and is suctioned into a truck's tank the next day when the toilet is drained. Mulder receives another phone call from the mysterious caller telling him that success on his current work is imperative so that the X-Files be reinstated undeniably. When he questions Scully about it, she denies any involvement. The flukeman is brought back to the processing plant. Scully believes that the flukeworm she found in the body is a larva, attempting to reproduce. The flukeman is spotted in a storm drain overflow. As Mulder and a processing plant worker investigate, the worker is pulled underwater by the flukeman. Mulder heads in and saves him, apparently killing the flukeman by closing a sewer grate on it, slicing it in half. Scully concludes her investigation, thinking that the creature was brought to the U.S. by a Russian freighter that was hauling salvage material from Chernobyl, and that the creature was created in a 'soup' of radioactive sewage. Elsewhere, the flukeman's remains open its eyes.
Continuity
In the 2013 comic continuation of The X-Files called Season 10 two stories—"Hosts", part one and two—continued on the story of "The Host" almost twenty years later after the events of this episode. According to the comics, the Flukeman escaped and travelled to Martha's Vineyard where it began to multiply, abducting multiple beach-goers. The Flukeman and his offspring were nearly all killed, however, by local sheriff Michael Simmons (who later told the agents in "Hosts, Part 2" that his real name was Mikhail Simonov and he served as one of the Soviet Army's liquidators during the Chernobyl disaster). In addition, "Hosts, Part 2" expanded upon the backstory of the Flukeman, revealing that he was a Soviet liquidator named Gregory, who, after being locked in a sewage tanker truck in Chernobyl, mutated into the original Flukeman after he was exposed to irradiated cooling water from the still-burning Reactor No. 4 and to flatworms in the sewage tank.
Production
Writing
Chris Carter claimed to have been inspired to write the episode after his dog had worms, a situation he called "very disgusting". He also had been reading about the Chernobyl disaster and the extinction of species at the time and blended all three of these concepts when writing the episode. Carter described his mood while writing the episode, "I was in a funk when I wrote that episode. We were coming back from hiatus and I was trying to find something more interesting than just the Flukeman. I was irritated at the time and I brought my irritation to Mulder's attitude. Basically, he had become fed up with the FBI. They had given him what he felt was a low assignment, which was sending him into the city after a dead body. But lo and behold, he finds that this is a case that for all intents and purposes is an X-File. It's been given to him by a man he's never looked at as an ally, Skinner. So it's an interesting establishing of a relationship between them." Producer J.P. Finn described the episode as a departure from Carter's usual work as it did not deal with an alien subject matter.
Casting and filming
The Flukeman—also known affectionately as "Flukey" by the cast and crew—was portrayed by Darin Morgan, brother of executive producer Glen Morgan. He would become a staff writer for the show later in the second season. The Flukeman suit used by Morgan, which included flipper-like feet, yellow contact lenses, and fake teeth, took six hours to put on; this process was eventually sped up. Morgan wore the suit as much as 20 consecutive hours during shooting. As a result, he was forced to go to the bathroom while still wearing the suit. Morgan was rarely on set without being in full costume, and recalled that when he met up with David Duchovny again upon joining the series' writing staff, the actor had no idea who he was, despite having enjoyed an amiable relationship with the costumed Morgan previously. The suit dissolved in water, forcing special effects artist Toby Lindala to reconstruct the suit each day. Because the suit did not permit Morgan to breathe through his nose, he was unable to eat while wearing it. Carter described the character as "the embodiment of everyone's sense of vulnerability, the idea of something that exists in the underworld of the sewer system and might in fact come to bite you in the least elegant of places". The original intention was showing even less of the Flukeman, but some angles and lighting ended up revealing more of the creature's design. Carter still felt it helped to "get more creepy", as the Flukeman is not shown fully until the final scenes.
The sewer processing plant scenes were shot at Iona Island Sewage Treatment plant in Canada. The sewer scenes were shot in a pit on the show's stage, with Carter using his father, who worked as a construction worker, as a consultant on how to build it. As no ship was available for filming the opening scenes in the Russian freighter, a hydro sub station in Surrey, British Columbia was adapted into an engine room. Carter had to fight with Fox's broadcast standards department over the scene where a victim vomits up a flukeworm while in the shower. James Wong described it as the grossest piece of television ever put on the air. As Gillian Anderson's pregnancy was getting more apparent, the producers started to shoot Scully's scenes in a way it would be disguised, with "very fancy trick angles, trench coats, and scenes where she is seated rather than standing".
Broadcast and reception
"The Host" premiered on the Fox network on September 23, 1994, and was first broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC Two on September 4, 1995. This episode earned a Nielsen rating of 9.8, with a 17 share, meaning that roughly 9.8 percent of all television-equipped households, and 17 percent of households watching television, were tuned in to the episode. It was viewed by 9.3 million households.
The episode received glowing praise from critics. Entertainment Weekly gave "The Host" a rare A+, noting that it was "a refreshing instance of a fully and satisfactorily resolved episode — like a perfect meal, although you definitely don't want to eat during this one." Reviewer Zack Handlen of The A.V. Club described the episode as "the first really, really icky X-Files", and while considering redundant the "circular" nature of the plot, with the creature coming back to the sewers after escaping, he felt that "The Host" "holds up because of the Flukeman's irreconcilable ugliness, and because it continues down the path that "Little Green Men" started on". On a more negative view, Critical Myth's John Keegan gave the episode 6/10, considering that "as fun as this episode can be, there are some places where it just doesn’t quite add up", criticizing writing elements such as the lack of resolution, the explanation for the Flukeman's origins, and the "heavy-handed" introduction of X. A writer from the Vancouver Sun listed "The Host" as one of the best stand alone episodes of the show, saying that it broke the "B-movie fun at best" quality of most X-Files standalone episodes, saying that "thanks to its cinema-grade make-up effects, claustrophobic sets and chilling subject matter, this Chris Carter-penned episode not only took the show to new heights of horror and suspense, it offered a fresh alternative on network television". "The Host" was later picked for the 2008 DVD The X-Files: Revelations, with eight episodes Chris Carter considered "essential grounding" for the film The X-Files: I Want to Believe. The plot for the episode was also adapted as a novel for young adults in 1997 by Les Martin.
The Flukeman character has also attracted praise. Writing for Den of Geek, John Moore listed the Flukeman as one of his "Top 10 X-Files Baddies", writing that "the idea of a man size biter running around drains in a city near me – looking like a giant, fanged maggot – was always likely to induce a goodly amount of cheek-shifting on the sofa." The A.V. Clubs Zack Handlen described the flukeman as a "beyond icky" monster that "just looks wrong", adding that "the plain fact of its existence is horrifying enough that it doesn't need to do more". Connie Ogle from PopMatters ranked the character among the "best" monsters-of-the-week, describing it as "something of a poster boy for XF villains," and considering that "never has toxic waste seemed so dangerous as when the big slimy white fellow slithers onto the screen and starts attacking people in the sewers."
Footnotes
Bibliography
External links
"The Host" on TheXFiles.com
1994 American television episodes
Television episodes set in New Jersey
Fiction about parasites
The X-Files (season 2) episodes
Television episodes set in Virginia
it:Episodi di X-Files (seconda stagione)#L'ospite in corpo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vangelis%20Vitalis
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Vangelis Vitalis
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Vangelis (Evangelos) Vitalis is a New Zealand diplomat and trade negotiator currently working as the Deputy Secretary for the country's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
Prior to taking up his role in Wellington in 2017, Vangelis was New Zealand’s Permanent Representative to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in Geneva where he chaired the agriculture negotiations in a personal capacity. In this role he helped draft the text of the historic Nairobi WTO Ministerial Decision to eliminate agricultural export subsidies. Vangelis has also been the Ambassador to the European Union and NATO in Brussels and has had postings to Canberra and Moscow.
Vitalis is the first Greek-New Zealander to be appointed ambassador.
Career
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Wellington, New Zealand
Vitalis is believed to have joined the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade in late 1993, during which time he worked on the Africa Desk and subsequently worked for three months in New York as a junior New Zealand Foreign Ministry delegate to the United Nations General Assembly - this was also during the time that New Zealand was a member of the UN Security Council. On his return to New Zealand, Vitalis worked in the Ministry's Economic Division until he was posted to the New Zealand Embassy in Moscow as Second and then First Secretary followed (1997–1999), including a year's language training at the Moscow State Linguistic University (1996).
Russian Ministry of Agriculture, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan
Vitalis then worked for a time at the Russian Ministry of Agriculture as part of a team developing a partial equilibrium model to assess the potential impact of Russia's accession to the World Trade Organization on its agricultural sector (1999–2000). Vitalis was an early advocate of the need to analyse Russia's agricultural policies at the federal and sub-federal level. He suggested that this was the only way to establish the full picture of Russian agricultural subsidisation a point reinforced in a paper he published on the subject. He also worked briefly during this period in Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan as an adviser on a range of diverse issues including currency reform and WTO accession.
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France
From 2001 to 2011, Vitalis worked in various roles at the OECD. Between 2001 and 2004 he worked in Paris for the OECD Secretariat as a Chief Adviser. In particular, he headed a unit charged with providing the analytical papers to support the Ministerial-level OECD Round Table on Sustainable Development. This influential body was chaired by the former New Zealand Minister for Environment and Associate Minister of Finance, Rt Hon Simon Upton. Ministers from a range of countries participated in Round Table meetings, including from France, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Sweden, Canada, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Brazil and South Africa among others. The unique format of the Round Table also included leading NGOs, such as Greenpeace and WWF, alongside business organisations such as the World Business Council on Sustainable Development, Shell, BP and so on. The unit (which fluctuated in size from up to eight analysts) led by Vitalis and reporting to the Rt Hon Upton prepared a number of ground-breaking economic papers on a range of sustainability-related issues, including how to measure sustainable development, a set of measurements for a range of sustainable development-related issues, measuring embedded carbon flows (i.e. a consumption flow model); the potential synergies between investment flows and ODA, subsequently included as a chapter in a book published by the OECD and a controversial paper on the rise of eco-labels and their trade and environment-related effects. Together with Rt Hon Upton, Vitalis produced an economic analysis and a set of policy recommendations to address illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing on the high seas (IUU). This analysis ensured that Vitalis was included as an Economic Expert Adviser to the prestigious and high-level OECD IUU Ministerial Task Force (2004-5) and subsequently chaired the OECD Trade and Environment Committee (2008–to the present), including the OECD Global Forum on Trade and Climate Change (2009).
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Wellington, New Zealand
Vitalis rejoined the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade in 2004 and worked in the Economics Division of the Ministry as the Head of the Trade and Economic Analysis Unit. He initially worked on a set of papers on international economic issues relevant to New Zealand as a way of informing the development of the Government's Growth and Innovation Framework. It is during this time that Vitalis is believed to have first advocated the development of a customs union between Australia and New Zealand - he is known to have opposed a currency union. He also proposed the establishment of a "Minister for Australia" to take this idea forward as a way to 'refresh' the Closer Economic Relationship between Australia and New Zealand in time for the twenty-fifth anniversary (in 2008) of the launch of that agreement.
Vitalis also managed the (general equilibrium) modelling work for the Joint Study assessing the potential benefits of the China-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (FTA). He then transferred to the Trade Negotiations Division and became the investment chapter lead negotiator in the China-New Zealand FTA and the lead New Zealand negotiator for the treaty-status trade & labour, and trade & environment agreements between China and New Zealand, which were negotiated alongside the China-New Zealand FTA (2004-8). New Zealand was the first OECD country to conclude an FTA with China.
It was during this period that Vitalis contributed a chapter on the impact of OECD countries' trade policies on developing countries for a book edited by Robert Picciotto (former Director-General (Operations Evaluation) of the World Bank. He also published articles in The Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, including on the linkage between economics, science and sustainability and an assessment of the sustainable development effects of New Zealand's ground breaking agriculture reforms. In 2005, Vitalis contributed a chapter on the intersection between agricultural, trade and environmental policies to a book edited by Thomas Lines of the International Institute for Sustainable Development. The following year, Vitalis' work on agricultural reform and the impact of subsidies on both the economy and the environment formed the basis of a chapter in a book published by the OECD as part of its series on subsidy reform and sustainability.
Vitalis has been a senior New Zealand negotiator at the World Trade Organisation (WTO) including on trade and environment-related issues (2004-8). In particular, he is believed to have played an influential role in the WTO negotiations on environmental goods, including by chairing the 'Friends of Environmental Goods' process which collectively identified and tabled at the WTO more than 150 specific products as environmental goods (2004-7). The 'Friends' grouping included primarily OECD countries. Vitalis is also believed to have first proposed the innovative 'living list' concept also formally tabled at the WTO by New Zealand. Such a 'living' process would enable the regular updating of any list of products agreed at the WTO to ensure that the list keeps pace with the rapid evolution of environmental technologies. At the same time, a series of papers tabled by New Zealand at the WTO and also believed to have been written by Vitalis proposed the establishment of a Voluntary Consultative Mechanism (later, a Voluntary Consultative Process) as a Pareto optimal way to address the apparent intersection between trade measures contained in Multilateral Environmental Agreements and the WTO Agreements. It was during this time that Vitalis also produced his analysis of the relationship between trade, innovation and competition in the New Zealand context - a paper subsequently published by the OECD.
Vitalis was appointed New Zealand's Chief Negotiator for the ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (FTA) (AANZFTA; 2008–10). He was also appointed simultaneously to lead the Malaysia-New Zealand FTA (MNZFTA; 2009–10) negotiations which at that time had been stalled for over eighteen months. Vitalis successfully led the New Zealand teams which concluded both the AANZFTA and revived the moribund MNZFTA process such that less than six months later the MNZFTA was also concluded and came into force on 1 August 2009. The signing of the agreement with Malaysia took place in Kuala Lumpur and was overseen by the Malaysian and New Zealand Prime Ministers and a sixty-member New Zealand business delegation.
At the time of the conclusion of the AANZFTA and MNZFTA, ASEAN was New Zealand's third most important trading partner after Australia and China and Malaysia was New Zealand's eighth most important trading partner. The ground-breaking AANZFTA was the first agreement negotiated jointly by Australia and New Zealand. It is characterised by a range of WTO-plus commitments made by ASEAN in areas as diverse as goods, services and intellectual property rights. The agreement is also characterised by the innovative use of an 'economic cooperation' chapter explicitly designed to help ASEAN members effectively implement the agreement. In particular, with its 'built-in' agenda, the AANZFTA is a 'living agreement'. The deadline for the elimination of tariffs in the AANZFTA mirrors that of the China-New Zealand FTA, i.e. twelve years and is a significant improvement on the existing Thailand-New Zealand Closer Economic Partnership which eliminated tariffs on New Zealand products within twenty years. The Malaysia-New Zealand FTA contains a number of significantly AANZFTA-Plus provisions, not least the elimination of a 15% tariff on kiwifruit and a range of new services commitments ensuring that New Zealand education, engineering and environmental service providers have a 'first mover' advantage over their competitors ( and). Vitalis' leadership in successfully concluding the AANZFTA was specifically acknowledged by the then New Zealand Minister of Trade, Hon Tim Groser and during the New Zealand parliamentary debate on the ratification of the agreement itself. Vitalis also led the New Zealand AANZFTA 'roadshow' which promoted the opportunities presented by this plurilateral agreement to New Zealand stakeholders in all of the main centres of New Zealand.
New Zealand High Commission, Canberra, Australia (2009-2011)
Following the successful conclusion of AANZFTA, Vitalis was appointed the New Zealand Deputy High Commissioner in Canberra from 2009 to 2011, during which time he also completed the Malaysia-New Zealand FTA. The relationship with Australia is New Zealand's most significant and the High Commission is New Zealand's largest globally. Following the retirement of the High Commissioner, Dr John Larkindale, Vitalis was Acting High Commissioner from November 2010 to May 2011. His period as Acting High Commissioner coincided with Australian Prime Minister Gillard's historic address to the New Zealand Parliament and the Christchurch earthquake following which both then Prime Minister Gillard and Leader of the Opposition, Tony Abbot along with Foreign Minister Rudd were invited by Vitalis to the New Zealand High Commission in Canberra to sign the official condolence book for the victims of the earthquake in New Zealand's second largest city
In 2009-10, Vitalis was instrumental in t<he establishment by New Zealand of the Friends of Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform (FFFSR) grouping. This non-G20 group of countries has two inter-related objectives: to support the G20's ambitions for reform and elimination of fossil fuel subsidies; and to support the need for greater transparency regarding the data for such subsidies. Vitalis spoke at the launch of the initiative in June 2010 and also at a GSI-UNEP-WTO Conference on the subject later that year. The FFFSR currently comprises Costa Rica, Denmark, Ethiopia, New Zealand, Norway, Switzerland and Sweden. The grouping has been active at APEC and the UNFCCC to advance its case that reform of fossil fuel subsidies can make a meaningful difference to both economic and environmental outcomes. In this regard, the FFFSR works closely with a leading NGO, the Global Subsidies Initiative based in Geneva. The initial meetings of the FFFSR were held in Paris to coincide with Vitalis' travel to Paris to chair the OECD Committee on Trade and Environment.
In 2010, Vitalis was invited to Manila by the Asian Development Bank to present a paper as part of its regional economic integration seminar series. The paper essentially argues that preferential trade agreements could in fact be drivers of meaningful liberalisation and thus integration and thus presents an intriguing reference point to the 'stumbling blocks' thesis posited by Bhagwati and others. He reprised a more elaborate version of this paper at a Boao Forum event in Beijing in December that year. There were strong rumours in mid to late 2010 that Vitalis had resigned from the New Zealand Foreign Ministry and had secured a senior role at the Asian Development Bank to work on regional economic integration.
New Zealand Mission to the European Union, Brussels (2011-2015)
In early 2011, Vitalis was appointed New Zealand Ambassador to the European Union in Brussels, with cross-accreditations as New Zealand Ambassador to NATO, Belgium, Bulgaria, Romania and Luxembourg., 3 February 2011</ref> Vitalis is the first Greek-New Zealand Ambassador. He formally presented his letter of credentials as the New Zealand Ambassador to the European Union to President Van Rompuy on 15 November 2011 and to President Barroso on 23 December 2011. In late 2012, as a consequence of a restructuring in the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the closure of the New Zealand Embassy in Stockholm, Vitalis was appointed New Zealand's Ambassador to Sweden (located in Brussels), alongside his on-going responsibilities as New Zealand's Ambassador to the European Union and NATO. He presented his credentials in Stockholm in early 2013. Given the expansion of his responsibilities to include Sweden and the FTA with the Customs Union of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan (see below), Vitalis' accreditations to Belgium, Luxembourg, Romania and Bulgaria were transferred to the New Zealand Deputy Head of Mission to the EU in Brussels, Paula Wilson who became a full Ambassador to those countries.
Vitalis presented a paper at the World Agricultural Forum held in December 2011. His presentation emphasised the important linkages between trade, agriculture and development citing in particular the possibility of focusing development assistance including through the effective implementation of trade agreements as a mechanism to encourage and facilitate investment and trade flows. He made particular reference in his presentation to the ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand FTA which features assistance for implementation of the agreement in a manner designed to ensure that the benefits of the agreement are effectively harnessed across ASEAN member states.
In early 2012, Vitalis was formally appointed as New Zealand's Chief Negotiator for the Russia-Belarus-Kazakhstan-New Zealand FTA.
In early 2013, Vitalis was appointed as the New Zealand Minister of Trade's 'Special Envoy' in support of Hon Tim Groser's campaign to become WTO Director-General. As a Russian-language speaker Vitalis' focus during Minister Groser's campaign was on the WTO Members of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Vitalis is believed to have travelled to Armenia, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan where he lobbied those countries on behalf of the New Zealand Minister.
New Zealand Mission to Geneva, Switzerland (2015-2017)
Vangelis then served as New Zealand’s Permanent Representative to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in Geneva where he chaired the agriculture negotiations in a personal capacity. In this role he helped draft the text of the historic Nairobi WTO Ministerial Decision.
Chair of the APEC 2021 Senior Officials Meeting
On the fifth of March 2020, Vitalis was appointed Chair of the Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) during the New Zealand hosting of APEC in 2021. He would go on to state that hosting APEC was a definitive career highlight stating "I’m a genuinely big believer in the public good dimension of APEC, I think it’s a really important thing. And so for me, it’s without question the most exciting thing that I’ve done."
Education
Vitalis is believed to have attended schools in England, Germany (Andreanum, Hannover), Fiji (Veiuto Primary School, Suva) and in New Zealand. (Intermediate Normal) where his batting for the third eleven cricket team is still remembered (Palmerston North Boys High School).Where he was well known for his extensive Pink Floyd record collection. He studied at Auckland University (where he was also the co-editor of the Student Association's controversial newspaper, Craccum, in 1993) and Harvard. In addition to English, Vitalis speaks German, Greek and Russian.
Personal life
A Greek-New Zealander, Vitalis' parents emigrated to New Zealand in 1980. Vitalis is married to Tanya Jurado.
Notes
External links
Hellenes Abroad, 4 March 2011
New Zealand public servants
University of Auckland alumni
Harvard University alumni
New Zealand people of Greek descent
Living people
1969 births
Ambassadors of New Zealand to the European Union
Ambassadors of New Zealand to Belgium
Ambassadors of New Zealand to Bulgaria
Ambassadors of New Zealand to Romania
Ambassadors of New Zealand to Luxembourg
Heads of Mission of New Zealand to NATO
Permanent Representatives of New Zealand to the World Trade Organization
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Orme
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Alexander Orme
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Alexander Orme (20 June 1813 - 8 November 1896) was Dean of Ardagh from 1880 until his death.
He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin and ordained deacon in 1838 and priest in 1839. He was for many years the Rector of Moydow.
References
1813 births
1896 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
19th-century Irish Anglican priests
Deans of Ardagh
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36631804
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaw%20Pa%20Lang%20ang%20Minahal
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Ikaw Pa Lang ang Minahal
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Ikaw Pa Lang ang Minahal () is a 1992 Filipino drama film written by Raquel Villavicencio, produced by Armida Siguion-Reyna, and directed by Carlos Siguion-Reyna. The film stars Maricel Soriano as a reclusive daughter of a doctor and Richard Gomez as a man who loves women for money than feelings. The film is an adaptation of William Wyler's 1949 film The Heiress, starring Olivia de Havilland.
Cast of Characters
Maricel Soriano as Adela
Richard Gomez as David
Charito Solis as Paula
Eddie Gutierrez as Maximo
Special Participation
Dawn Zulueta as Adela's Mother
Armida Siguion-Reyna as Caridad
Guila Alvarez as young Adela
Release
The film was released on June 4, 1992 by Reyna Films.
Digital restoration
The film was digitally restored and remastered by the ABS-CBN Film Restoration Project and Central Digital Lab by scanning the film in 4K resolution and restoration in 2K resolution. It was restored using the film elements supplied by Reyna Films: the Master Picture Negative and the Sound Negative. During the film's restoration process, the most prevalent damage in the supplied material were bumps, splice marks, image instabilities, and molds. The image instability posed a big challenge and required the most number of restoration hours. The other damages include heavy black debris, grain, flicker, color shift and missing frames.
The restored version was premiered on April 18, 2018 at Trinoma with the attendance of the film's director Carlos Siguion-Reyna; writer Raquel Villavicencio; cast members Maricel Soriano, Guila Alvarez, and Richard Reynoso; musical director Ryan Cayabyab; production designer Raymond Bajarias; and dubbing supervisor Lucy Quinto.
Television broadcast
The film's restored version received its free-to-air television premiere on ABS-CBN and its high-definition service on February 16, 2020 at 11:45PM as a feature presentation for the network's Sunday late-night special presentation block.
According to Kantar Media Philippines statistics, the showing attained a nationwide rating of 1.3%, losing to GMA Network's showing of 2006 film Blue Moon which has attained a rating of 2.6% of the total households.
Awards
The film was awarded Best Picture by all the five film award-giving bodies in the Philippines at that time. Maricel Soriano also won the coveted Best Performance Award of the Young Critics Circle.
References
1992 films
Philippine films
External links
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asmara
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Asmara
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Asmara ( ), or Asmera, is the capital and most populous city of Eritrea, in the country's Central Region. It sits at an elevation of , making it the sixth highest capital in the world by altitude. The city is located at the tip of an escarpment that is both the northwestern edge of the Eritrean Highlands and the Great Rift Valley in neighbouring Ethiopia. In 2017, the city was declared as a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its well-preserved modernist architecture. The site of Asmera was first settled in 800 BC with a population ranging from 100 to 1,000. The city was then founded in the 12th century AD after four separate villages unified to live together peacefully after long periods of conflict. Under Italian rule the city of Asmara was made capital of Eritrea in the last years of the 19th century.
History
Giving the Pre-Axumite archaelogical evidence found in Asmara around Sembel Called the Ona culture, Asmara's history go back to 800 BCE and according to Eritrean Tigrinya oral traditional history, there were four clans living in the Asmera area on the Kebessa Plateau: the Gheza Gurtom, the Gheza Shelele, the Gheza Serenser and Gheza Asmae. These villages were frequently attacked by clans from the low land and from the rulers of "seger mereb melash" (which now is a Tigray region in Ethiopia), until the women of each clan decided that to defeat their common enemy and preserve peace the four clans must unite. The men accepted, hence the name "Arbate Asmera". Arbate Asmera literally means, in the Tigrinya language, "the four (feminine plural) made them unite". Eventually Arbate was dropped and it has been called Asmera which means "they [feminine, thus referring to the women] made them unite". There is still a district called Arbaete Asmara in the Administrations of Asmara. It is now called the Italianized version of the word Asmara. The westernized version of the name is used by a majority of non-Eritreans, while the multilingual inhabitants of Eritrea and neighboring peoples remain loyal to the original pronunciation, Asmera.
The missionary Remedius Prutky passed through Asmara in 1751, and described in his memoirs that a church built there by Jesuit priests 130 years before was still intact.
Italian Asmara
Asmara, a small village in the nineteenth century, started to grow quickly when it was occupied by Italy in 1889. Governor Ferdinando Martini made it the capital city of Italian Eritrea in 1897.
In the early 20th century, the Eritrean Railway was built to the coast, passing through the town of Ghinda, under the direction of Carlo Cavanna. In both 1913 and 1915 the city suffered only slight damage in large earthquakes.
A large Italian community developed the city. According to the 1939 census, Asmara had a population of 98,000, of which 53,000 were Italian. Only 75,000 Italians lived in all of Eritrea, making the capital city by far their largest centre. (Compare this to the Italian colonization of Libya, where the settler population, albeit larger, was more dispersed.)
The capital acquired an Italian architectural look. Europeans used Asmara "to experiment with radical new designs". By the late 1930s, Asmara was called Piccola Roma (Little Rome). Journalist John Gunter noted in 1955 that "the Italians built [Asmara] well, like Tripoli, with handsome wide streets, ornate public buildings, and even such refinements of civilization as a modern sewage system ... [Asmara] gives the impression of being a pleasant enough small city in Calabria, or even Umbria. Nowadays more than 400 buildings are of Italian origin, and many shops still have Italian names (e.g., Bar Vittoria, Pasticceria moderna, Casa del formaggio, and Ferramenta).
The Kingdom of Italy invested in the industrial development of Asmara (and surrounding areas of Eritrea), but the beginning of World War II stopped this.
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation made Asmara a World Heritage Site in July 2017, saying "It is an exceptional example of early modernist urbanism at the beginning of the 20th century and its application in an African context".
Federation with Ethiopia
In 1952, the United Nations resolved to federate the former colony under Ethiopian rule. During the Federation, Asmara was no longer the capital city. The capital was now Addis Ababa, over to the south. The national language of the city was therefore replaced from Tigrinya language to the Ethiopian Amharic language. In 1961, Emperor Haile Selassie I ended the "federal" arrangement and declared the territory to be the 14th province of the Ethiopian Empire. Ethiopia's biggest ally was the United States. The city was home to the US Army's Kagnew Station installation from 1943 until 1977. The Eritrean War of Independence began in 1961 and ended in 1991, resulting in the independence of Eritrea. Asmara was left relatively undamaged throughout the war, as were the majority of highland regions. After independence, Asmara again became the capital of Eritrea.
Geography
The city lies at an elevation of above sea level. It lies on north–south trending highlands known as the Eritrean Highlands, an extension of the Ethiopian Highlands. The temperate central portion, where Asmera lies, is situated on a rocky highland plateau, which separates the western lowlands from the eastern coastal plains. The lands that surround Asmara are very fertile, especially those to the south towards the Debub Region of Eritrea. The highlands that Asmera is located in fall away to reveal the eastern lowlands, characterized by the searing heat and humidity of the Eritrean salt pans, lapped by the Red Sea. To the west of the plateau stretches a vast semi-arid hilly terrain continuing all the way towards the border with Sudan through the Gash-Barka Region.
Climate
Asmara has a semi-arid climate. It is dry for 185 days a year with an average humidity of 51% and an UV-index of 6.
It has warm, but not hot summers and mild winters. Due to its altitude, temperatures are relatively mild for a city located not particularly far from the hotter surroundings in the country. This climate is characteristic of rainy, wet seasons and dry seasons. Asmara averages about of precipitation annually. Frost, however, is extremely rare in the city. The long rainy season of the year extends from June until September. The short rainy season occurs from March until April. On average, about 60% of Asmara's annual precipitation is seen during the months of July and August. In contrast, December to February are typically Asmara's driest months, where on average only of precipitation falls in the three months combined. Due to variable rainfall, Asmara's climate is also characterized by drought. Several prolonged droughts in this region have occurred beginning in the 1960s and have recurred each decade since then. During periods of drought, temperatures are high and little rainfall occurs. As temperatures in a region increase, the rate of evaporation of water from the soil also increases. These combined processes result in the desertification of the soil. In order to obtain nutrient rich and moist soil for farming purposes, populations rely on deforestation to make use of the underlying ground. The most serious environmental issues Asmara faces are deforestation and desertification. Other issues Asmara faces are soil erosion and overgrazing. All of these environmental issues produce soil degradation.
Culture
The city is home to the Eritrean National Museum. The city is often the starting point of the Tour of Eritrea cycling competition.
Architecture
The city is known for its early 20th-century buildings, including the Art Deco Cinema Impero (opened in 1937 and considered by the experts one of the world's finest examples of Art Déco style building), Cubist Africa Pension, eclectic Eritrean Orthodox Enda Mariam Cathedral and former Opera House, the futurist Fiat Tagliero Building, the neo-Romanesque Church of Our Lady of the Rosary, Asmara, and the neoclassical Governor's Palace. The city is adorned by Italian colonial villas and mansions, one prominent example being the World Bank Building. Most of central Asmara was built between 1935 and 1941, so the Italians effectively managed to build almost an entire city in just six years. At this time, the dictator Benito Mussolini had great plans for a second Roman Empire in Africa. War cut this short, but his injection of funds created the Asmara of today, which supposedly was to be a symbol to the colonial fascism during that period of time.
The city shows off most early 20th-century architectural styles. Some buildings are neo-Romanesque, such as the Church of Our Lady of the Rosary, some villas are built in a late Victorian style. Art Deco influences are found throughout the city. Essences of Cubism can be found on the Africa Pension Building, and on a small collection of buildings. The Fiat Tagliero Building shows almost the height of futurism, just as it was coming into big fashion in Italy.
Asmara is known to be an exceptionally modern city, not only because of its architecture, but Asmara also had more traffic lights than Rome did when the city was being built. The city incorporates many features of a planned city.
Restaurants, bars, cafes
Asmara has wide streets, restaurants, piazzas (town squares), bars and cafes while many of the boulevards are lined with palms trees. The Italian inspired food and culture is very present and was introduced during Italian Eritrea. Countless restaurants and cafes, serve high quality espresso, cappuccinos and lattes, as well as gelato parlours and restaurants with Italian Eritrean cuisine. Common dishes served from the Italian Eritrean cuisine are 'Pasta al Sugo e Berbere', which means "pasta with tomato sauce and berbere" (spice), "lasagna" and "cotoletta alla milanese" (milano cutlet).
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Asmara was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in July 2017, becoming the first modernist city anywhere to be listed in its entirety. The inscription taking place during the 41st World Heritage Committee Session.
The city has thousands of Art Deco, futurist, modernist, and rationalist buildings, constructed during the period of Italian Eritrea. The city, nicknamed "La piccola Roma" ("Little Rome"), is located over 2,000 meters above sea level, and was an ideal spot for construction due to the relatively cool climate; architects used a combination of both Italian and local materials.
Some notable buildings include the Fiat Tagliero Building, Bar Zilli, opera houses, hotels, and cinemas, such as the Cinema Impero.
A statement from UNESCO read:
The Historic Center of Asmara was placed on the World Monuments Fund's 2006 Watch List of 100 Most Endangered Sites. The listing was designed to bring more attention to the city to save the center from decay and redevelopment and to promote restoration.
Following CARP (a World Bank initiative on Cultural Heritage), the European Union Delegation in Asmara has engaged into a Heritage Project pertaining to building's restoration and archive management. Launched in 2010 the EU/Eritrea Cultural Project was expected to be completed in 2014 (Pierre Couté – Edward Denison, Project Design Report, EUD Asmara 2009).
Religion
Four big landmarks of the city are the Church of Our Lady of the Rosary and the Kidane Mehret Cathedral of the Catholic faith (the former of Latin and the latter of Coptic rite), the Enda Mariam Cathedral of the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church, and the Al Khulafa Al Rashiudin Mosque of the Islamic faith. Christians and Muslims have lived peacefully together in Asmara for centuries. The religious majority in Asmara are Orthodox Christians. The population in the Central Region is 89 percent Christian (almost 84 percent Orthodox, 4 percent Roman Catholic, and more than 1 percent Protestant) and 5 percent Muslim.
Asmara is also the see of the archbishop of the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church, which became autocephalous in 1993. The archbishop was elevated in 1998 to the rank of Patriarchate of Eritrea, on a par with the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church.
Economy
Eritrean Airlines, the Eritrean Telecommunications Corporation, and other companies are headquartered in the city. The country's national television station Eri-TV has many studios located in various areas in the capital.
Asmara Brewery, built 1939 under name of Melotti, is located in the city and employs 600 people. The brewery produces Asmara beer and other beverages like rum and gin. The brewery also owns and operates as a sponsor of the local football team Asmara Brewery FC also named "Asmara Birra" (translated "Asmara Beer").
Transport
After Eritrean independence, the roads of Asmara underwent extensive construction projects. Old roads were renovated and new highways were also built. There are five primary roads out of Asmara.
Asmara International Airport serves the city with many international flights. Massawa International Airport is an alternative airport nearby.
As of 1999, there is a total of 317 kilometres of (narrow gauge) rail line in Eritrea. The Eritrean Railway was built between 1887 and 1932. Badly damaged during WWII and in later fighting, it was closed section by section, with the final closure coming in 1978. After independence, a rebuilding effort commenced, and the first rebuilt section was reopened in 2003. As of 2009, the section from Asmara to Massawa was fully rebuilt and available for service.
Education
Asmara has always been a national centre of education, and is home to many elementary and high schools. Since 1958, it has been the home of the University of Asmara. In 2006, following the opening of a university at Mai Nefhi, the University of Asmara was shut down. During the period of Ethiopian Federation and annexation, the university was also linked with what was then the nation's largest tertiary institution, Addis Ababa University.
Universities and colleges
University of Asmara (closed)
Eritrea Institute of Technology
Primary and secondary schools
International schools
Asmara International Community School – Anglophone international school
Italian School of Asmara – Italian primary school with a Montessori department (closed)
Districts
Asmara is divided into 13 districts or administrative areas. These districts are subdivided into North, North-West, North-East, South-East, South-West, East, West and Central areas. The thirteen districts (or Neous Zobas) are:
North
Akhria District
Abbashaul District
Edaga Hamus District
North-East
Arbaete Asmara District
North-West
Mai Temenai District
Paradiso District
South-West
Sembel District
South-East
Kahawuta District
Godaif District
Central
Maakel Ketema District
West
Tiravolo District
Tsetserat District
East
Gheza Banda District
Gejeret District
Notable people
Abraham Afewerki, popular singer, songwriter and music producer
Isaias Afwerki, President of Eritrea
Tsehaytu Beraki, popular Eritrean musician
Yemane Barya, famous Eritrean singer and musician
Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, 8th Director-General of the World Health Organization
Remo Girone, Italian film and stage actor
Bruno Lauzi, Italian singer-songwriter, poet and writer
Dawit Isaak, Swedish-Eritrean journalist
Meb Keflezighi, Eritrean-born American long distance runner
Gianfranco Rosi, Italian film director and documentarian
See also
CH-Star
References
Further reading
Peter Volgger and Stefan Graf: "Architecture in Asmara. Colonial Origin and Postcolonial Experiences", DOM publishers, Berlin 2017,
Stefan Boness: "Asmara – Africa´s Jewel of Modernity". Jovis Verlag, Berlin 2016, (photo book; German, English)
Stefan Boness: "Asmara – The Frozen City". Jovis Verlag, Berlin 2006. 96 pages. (photo book; German, English)
Edward Denison, Guang Yu Ren, Naigzy Gebremedhin, and Guang Yu Ren, Asmara: Africa's Secret Modernist City (2003)
Gianluca Rossi, Renzo Martinelli inviato de "La Nazione", 2009,
External links
Asmara, Eritrea Documentary Film about the city by filmmaker Caterina Borelli
History of Asmara
Asmara inscription in UNESCO
Central Region (Eritrea)
Regional capitals in Eritrea
Populated places in Eritrea
Capitals in Africa
Art Deco
World Heritage Sites in Eritrea
Populated places established in the 8th century BC
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajikistan%20insurgency
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Tajikistan insurgency
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The Tajikistan Insurgency was a military conflict which took place in eastern Tajikistan between the Tajik Army and Islamist militants, led by numerous leaders from the Tajikistani Civil War. The conflict evolved in 2010 and climaxed in 2012, with the defeat of main rebel forces. Other incidents took place in September 2015, when former deputy defense minister Abduhalim Nazarzoda led an armed uprising, suspected of ties to the Islamic Renaissance Party.
Insurgency
2010 Rasht Valley offensive
On 19 September, more than 25 Tajik soldiers were killed in an ambush by suspected Islamist fighters, allied with the Islamic movement of Uzbekistan. The soldiers were part of a 75-man convoy moving through the Rasht Valley, in eastern Tajikistan. They were ambushed while searching for members of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan who previously escaped from a detention prison in Dushanbe on 25 August. The military column was ambushed by gunmen around midday local time, while passing through the mountainous Rasht Valley, approximately 250 km (150 miles) east of the capital. The column sustained heavy fire from machine-guns and grenade launchers, in the mountains from above. Initial reports indicated that 40 soldiers were killed but the Tajik minister of defense denied this. Five Tajik officers were among the dead. None of the attackers were reported to have been killed or wounded.
On 4 October, five Tajik soldiers along with two insurgents were killed during a military operation in Rasht Valley. The incident occurred when a vehicle was stopped at a military checkpoint on the road between Garm and Dushanbe. As the soldiers approached the car, gunmen opened fire killing five of them and wounding three more. The soldiers retaliated opening fire at the vehicle, killing the two attackers. Among the dead was a high-ranked Tajik officer. Meanwhile, dozens of caches of heavy weapons including grenade launchers, as well as food and medication, were discovered in an abandoned Islamist hideout. Twelve military checkpoints were set on the roads leading from the administered region of Rasht to the capital Dushambe.
On 7 October, 28 servicemen from the Presidential National Guard were killed when their helicopter crashed during an operation in Rasht Valley near the towns of Ezgand and Tavildara. The helicopter became caught in power lines and crashed while attempting to land, leaving no survivors. The helicopter was bringing service men from the capital Dushanbe to the Rasht Valley to take part in the operation.
The same day, 6 other soldiers were killed in a separate incident caused by an accidental mine explosion.
On 18 October, three suspected insurgents were killed by Tajik soldiers on the outskirts of Garm, located near the Afghan border during a military operation.
On 1 December, gunmen shot and killed 3 Tajik soldiers in the village of Dulona-Maidon in the Buljuvon Region, 150 kilometers southeast of Dushanbe.
On 27 December, 2 Tajik soldiers were killed when a group of thirty Islamists tried to enter Tajikistan from the Afghan border. After three hours of fighting, a combat helicopter arrived, opening fire on the intruders forcing them to retreat into Afghanistan. Local residents said that three Tajik soldiers were killed with two being the victims of friendly-fire from the helicopter. The Tajik military however claims no one was killed by friendly fire. Several Islamists were also killed in the attack.
2011
On 4 January, Tajik authorities claimed Alovuddin Davlatov was killed along with seven other insurgents when Tajik security forces launched a special joint operation on his hideout in the town of Runob.
On 14 April, Mullah Abdullah a key opposition commander, along with ten other Islamists were killed by Tajik soldiers during a search operation for militants in the village of Samsolid, 135 kilometers east of Dushanbe.
2012
On 21 July, the head of the Tajik Intelligence agency was assassinated by insurgents in the city of Ishkashim. The Tajik government then launched a joint military operation on 25 July in the city of Khorog with the aim of capturing Tolib Ayombekov, who was said to be behind the 21 July killing and the 19 September ambush. More than 800 Tajik soldiers and several combat helicopters took part in the operation that lasted one day until Tajik president Emomali Rahmon halted all immediate operations in the area on the 25th. At the end of the day, more than 20 Tajik soldiers were killed and countless numbers were wounded. It's unknown the exact number of militants and civilians killed but military sources claimed more than 30 insurgents along with 30 civilians were killed. The operation was considered to be a success with Ayombekov and his army surrendering themselves to Tajik authorities in August.
2015
In 2015, massive clashes with rebels suspected of ties to the Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan resulted in 47 deaths.
References
Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Asia
Post-Soviet conflicts
Wars involving Tajikistan
2010s in Tajikistan
Civil wars post-1945
Religion-based civil wars
Religion-based wars
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashita%20Nagamori
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Mashita Nagamori
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was a daimyō in Azuchi–Momoyama period, and one of the Go-Bugyō appointed by Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
Also called Niemon (仁右衛門) or by his court title, Uemon-no-jō (右衛門尉). He was sent to Korea as one of the Three Bureaucrats with Ishida Mitsunari and Asano Nagamasa.
Service under Hideyoshi
Nagamori was born in Nakashima-no-kori, Mashita-mura, Owari Province or Asai-gori, Mashita-go, Ōmi Province and served Hashiba Hideyoshi (Toyotomi Hideyoshi) when he had been a retainer of Oda Nobunaga.
Since he shined with domestic affairs such as Cadastral Surveys by Hideyoshi and diplomatic negotiations with Uesugi Kagekatsu, Hideyoshi gave him 200,000 koku at Koriyama Castle, Yamato Province and also appointed by Hideyoshi to a Commission of Five (Go-Bugyō) along with Ishida Mitsunari, Maeda Gen'i, Asano Nagamasa and Natsuka Masaie.
Nagamori took part in the Battle of Bunroku (in 1592) and the Battle of Keicho (in 1596).
Sekigahara campaign
After Hideyoshi died, in 1600, Nagamori took part in Ishida Mitsunari's force when he put up Mōri Terumoto who was a member of the council of Five Elders and raised their army to Tokugawa Ieyasu. However, Nagamori was involved in an intrigue with Ieyasu, he secretly sends Ieyasu news about the meeting of western commander at Sawayama castle. He did not take part in the Battle of Sekigahara on October 21, but rather held a fort at Osaka Castle. After the battle, Ieyasu seized Nagamori's domain, but spared his life and left him to Kōriki Kiyonaga, a retainer of Ieyasu's and lord of Iwatsuki Castle, in Musashi Province.
Death
In 1615 at the Siege of Osaka, Nagamori's son Mashita Moritsugu, who had served Tokugawa Yoshinao, escaped and joined the Toyotomi Clan's force. As a result, Nagamori was commanded to commit suicide.
He died at 71. His grave is at Anraku-ji, Niiza, Saitama, Saitama Prefecture.
References
1545 births
1615 deaths
Daimyo
Toyotomi retainers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staurois
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Staurois
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Staurois is a small genus of minuscule true frogs. Most species in the genus are restricted to Borneo, but two species are from the Philippines. This genus is a quite ancient member of the true frog family, Ranidae. They are typically found in or near rapidly flowing, small rocky streams, and are sometimes known as splash frogs or foot-flagging frogs. The latter name refers to their unusual behavior of conspicuously waving their hindlegs and feet, as a way of signalling other members of the species. Similar behavior has also been documented in other frog genera, notably Hylodes and Micrixalus.
Species
The six currently recognized species in the genus are:
Staurois guttatus - Borneo; formerly included in S. natator
Staurois latopalmatus - Borneo
Staurois natator - Philippines
Staurois nubilus - Philippines; formerly included in S. natator
Staurois parvus - Borneo; sometimes included in S. tuberilinguis
Staurois tuberilinguis - Borneo
References
Matsui, Masafumi; Mohamed, Maryati; Shimada, Tomohiko & Sudin, Ahmad (2007): Resurrection of Staurois parvus from S. tuberilinguis from Borneo (Amphibia, Ranidae). Zool. Sci. 24(1): 101–106. (HTML abstract)
Stuart, Bryan L. (2008): The phylogenetic problem of Huia (Amphibia: Ranidae). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 46(1): 49–60. (HTMl abstract)
Amphibian genera
Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope
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38946439
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counting%20Rod%20Numerals%20%28Unicode%20block%29
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Counting Rod Numerals (Unicode block)
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Counting Rod Numerals is a Unicode block containing traditional Chinese counting rod symbols, which mathematicians used for calculation in ancient China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. It also contains tally marks.
Block
History
The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Counting Rod Numerals block:
See also
Numerals in Unicode
References
Unicode blocks
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7749764
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davidsonville%2C%20Maryland
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Davidsonville, Maryland
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Davidsonville is an unincorporated community in central Anne Arundel County, Maryland, United States. It is a semi-rural community composed mostly of farms and suburban-like developments and is a good example of an "exurb." Davidsonville has relatively little commercial development and no high-density housing. The community is generally not served by public water, sewer or natural gas utilities, so homes generally employ well-and-septic systems. The nominal, if not geographic, center of Davidsonville is the intersection of Maryland routes 424 (Davidsonville Rd.) and 214 (Central Ave.), located at . The Davidsonville Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.
Demographics
As of the 2010 U.S. census, the Davidsonville ZIP code (21035) had a population of 7,815 and a median annual household income of US$141,011; 1.5 percent of families had incomes below the poverty line. Ethnically, 92 percent of the population was white, four percent was black or African American, two percent was Asian, with the rest other ethnicities. Ninety-four percent of homes were owner-occupied. As of the 2007 United States Census Bureau's Economic Census, 13 year-round retail business establishments and three retail food establishments were located in Davidsonville.
History
Native Americans
Before European colonists settled in what is now Davidsonville, the area was the home to Algonquian-speaking Native American tribes. By the time Europeans began to arrive in central Anne Arundel County in numbers, the Algonquians may have vacated the area due to persistent raids by more battle-hearty members of the Susquehannock tribe.
18th and 19th centuries
Europeans and their descendants settled and developed farms and plantations in and around what came to be known as Davidsonville in the 17th and 18th centuries. Several good examples of 18th century development in the area remain today. One is the Anne Arundel Free School. On October 26, 1723 the Maryland Colonial Assembly, under the Lord Proprietor Charles Calvert, the Fifth Lord Baltimore, and his governor, passed "An Act for the Encouragement of Learning and Erecting Schools in the Several Counties," or the Free School Act. This law, one of the first in colonial America providing for free, publicly supported primary education, mandated the construction of public schools in each of the 12 Maryland counties that existed at the time. The Free School of Anne Arundel County was built in what was to become Davidsonville sometime between 1724 and 1746, when it was under full operation with John Wilmot as schoolmaster. The original structure, expanded and restored, still stands today, is located in the community of Lavall, off Rutland Road, about one-half mile from Maryland Route 450, and is open for tours.
Other examples of development in the 18th century also remain. During the late 18th century, for example, Major William Brogden, once a soldier in the American Revolution, built the Roedown plantation, once the home of the Marlborough Hunt Races, an annual steeplechase event attended by 5,000 spectators until discontinued by new owners. George Washington is reported to have stayed at the house in 1760. Roedown is located off Harwood Rd. in Davidsonville.
Perhaps the most prominent example of 18th century settlement in Davidsonville is the Middle Plantation. The plantation itself dates to a 1664 land grant by Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore to Mareen Duvall, a prominent French immigrant. The current house known as Middle Plantation, located on Davidsonville Rd., includes several stages of construction dating as far back as 1790.
The emergence of Davidsonville as a crossroads community began in the mid-19th century. In 1839, Thomas Davidson, from whose family Davidsonville received its name, married Jane Welch. They built a home at what is now the corner of Davidsonville Road and Central Avenue that still stands today. Davidson, like virtually all plantation owners in central and southern Maryland at the time, owned slaves. However, a staunch Methodist who was instrumental in the founding of what is now the Davidsonville United Methodist Church, Davidson apparently was conflicted as to the morality of slavery.
The Maryland Historical Trust states that "the Davidsonville Historic District is significant as a largely intact representative example of the type of crossroads community which characterized rural Anne Arundel County in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Davidsonville is among the best-preserved examples of this type of community remaining in the county; other comparable villages have been obliterated by subsequent development. The village has maintained substantial integrity despite increasingly intensive development pressure in the surrounding area."
Education
Davidsonville is also home to Davidsonville Elementary School, which has approximately 700 students in kindergarten through fifth grade.
Free School of Anne Arundel County - first free school of Anne Arundel County, which then included what is now Howard County; likely school for Johns Hopkins.
Central Middle School (Edgewater, Maryland)
Crofton Woods Elementary School (Crofton, Maryland)
Crofton Middle School (Gambrills, Maryland)
Crofton High School (Gambrills, Maryland)
South River High School (Edgewater, Maryland)
Notable people
Mareen Duvall (1625–1699) was a French Huguenot and an early American settler who built the Middle Plantation in Davidsonville.
Travis Pastrana: professional motocross racer and NASCAR driver who represents Red Bull.
See also
Watkins Slave Cemetery
References
Further reading
Unincorporated communities in Maryland
Unincorporated communities in Anne Arundel County, Maryland
1664 establishments in Maryland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koala%20King
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Koala King
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Koala King was a former champion Australian Standardbred pacing horse of the 1970s and 80s who won a host of Australasian Pacers Grand Circuit and feature races including the 1980 Inter Dominion Pacing Championship at Harold Park Paceway and the 1981 A G Hunter Cup. He won a record 40 races at the old Harold Park Paceway prior to its closure. Koala King won a total of seventy eight races.
He was a bay colt foaled in 1972 that was sired by Koala Frost from Tawain by U Scott (USA) from Jacinta by Protector from Cavatina by Arion Axworthy (USA) from Dilworth by Travis Axworthy (USA) from Muriel Dillon by Harold Dillon (USA) from Muriel Madison (USA) by James Madison from Dolly by Memo from Marguerite by Speculation. The future champion was purchased from the sales in the early 1970s for the modest sum of $1,300.
Racing record
Koala King was owned and trained by a South Coast trainer Ray Wisbey and his wife. Koala King was driven in the early part of his career by Kevin Robinson before Brian Hancock took the reins for many of his feature race wins.
On 28 July 1978 at Harold Park Koala King, the race favourite, was in the centre of major error when his driver Kevin Robinson mistook the laps in the main event. Robinson thought there was another lap to the finish when the field was in fact already at the finish. The crowd jeered the driver, but the stewards said it was an honest mistake but they suspended Robinson for six months.
Koala King contested the national hero and sentimental favourite Paleface Adios in the 39th Inter Dominion held in 1980 at Sydney. Paleface Adios was already a winner of over 100 races and eight Inter Dominion heats, but was denied victory in the championship final by a brilliant Koala King.
During his racing career Koala King competed and defeated some of the best pacers ever in Gammalite, Pure Steel and Michael Frost (also a son of Koala Frost)
Koala King's total race earnings were $680,110.
Stud record
The most notable of Koala King’s progeny were:
Brunei Achilles, won $23,450
Copper Regent 1:58.8 $88,749
Jilliby Diamond 1987 F 2:07.7 $5,852; dam of Jilliby Spirit (won $415,382)
Koala Sunrise (US)$308,396
Palais Queen $6,328
See also
Harness racing in Australia
References
Standardbred racehorses bred in Australia
Inter Dominion winners
1972 racehorse births
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison%20River
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Madison River
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The Madison River is a headwater tributary of the Missouri River, approximately 183 miles (295 km) long, in Wyoming and Montana. Its confluence with the Jefferson and Gallatin rivers near Three Forks, Montana forms the Missouri River.
The Madison rises in Teton County in northwestern Wyoming at the confluence of the Firehole and Gibbon rivers, a location known as Madison Junction in Yellowstone National Park. It flows west then north through the mountains of southwestern Montana to join the Jefferson and Gallatin rivers at Three Forks. The Missouri River Headwaters State Park is located on the Madison at Three Forks. In its upper reaches in Gallatin County, Montana, the Hebgen Dam forms Hebgen Lake. In its middle reaches in Madison County, Montana, the Madison Dam forms Ennis Lake and provides hydroelectric power. In 1959, the 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake formed Quake Lake just downstream from Hebgen Dam. Downstream from Ennis, the Madison flows through Bear Trap Canyon, known for its class IV-V whitewater. The Bear Trap Canyon section is part of the Lee Metcalf Wilderness area.
The river was named in July 1805 by Meriwether Lewis at Three Forks. The central fork of the three, it was named for U.S. Secretary of State James Madison, who would succeed Thomas Jefferson as President in 1809. The western fork, the largest, was named for President Jefferson and the east fork for Treasury Secretary Albert Gallatin.
The Madison is a Class I river in Montana for the purposes of access for recreational use.
Angling the Madison
The Madison River, from Madison Junction in Yellowstone to Three Forks, is a fly fishing mecca for serious anglers. It is classified as a blue ribbon fishery in Montana and is one of the most productive streams in Montana for brown trout, rainbow trout and mountain whitefish.
For angling purposes, the Madison can be divided into four distinct sections.
Advocates
Trout Unlimited — Trout Unlimited's mission is to conserve, protect and restore North America's coldwater fisheries and their watersheds.
Western Watersheds Project — The mission of Western Watersheds Project is to protect and restore western watersheds and wildlife through education, public policy initiatives and litigation.
Montana River Action — The clean flowing waters of Montana belong to the people and are held in trust by the State for a pollution-free healthful environment guaranteed by our Montana Constitution. Montana River Action's mission is to protect and restore rivers, streams and other water bodies.
Madison River Foundation--- The mission of the Madison River Foundation is to preserve, protect, and enhance the Madison River watershed.
See also
Angling in Yellowstone National Park
Fishes of Yellowstone National Park
Montana Stream Access Law
List of rivers of Montana
List of Wyoming rivers
Notes
References
External links
Rivers of Montana
Rivers of Wyoming
Rivers of Yellowstone National Park
Tributaries of the Missouri River
Rivers of Park County, Wyoming
Rivers of Gallatin County, Montana
Bodies of water of Madison County, Montana
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asagishi%20Station
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Asagishi Station
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was a railway station on the Yamada Line in Morioka, Iwate, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). Opened in 1928, the station closed in March 2016.
Lines
Asagishi Station was served by the Yamada Line from to , and was located 27.6 kilometers from the line's starting point at Morioka Station.
Station layout
Asagishi Station has a single side platform serving traffic in both directions. The station is unstaffed.
Services
By late 2013, the station was normally served by a total of just five services daily, but from January until 15 March 2013, no trains stopped at this station during the winter period.
Adjacent stations
History
Asagishi Station opened on 25 September 1928. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR East.
Closure
In August 2015, JR East notified the city of Morioka that it was considering closing Asagashi and Ōshida Station on the Yamada Line, possibly by March 2016, due to low patronage. In December 2015, JR East announced that it would be formally closing the station from the start of the following timetable revision.
The station closed following the last day of services on 25 March 2016.
Passenger statistics
, the station was used by an average of just 0.3 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).
Surrounding area
The station was situated in a remote area location with just two households living within a radius of 2.5 km ().
See also
List of railway stations in Japan
References
External links
JR East station information
JR East December news release announcing the station's closure
Stations of East Japan Railway Company
Railway stations in Iwate Prefecture
Yamada Line (JR East)
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1928
Morioka, Iwate
Railway stations closed in 2016
2016 disestablishments in Japan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doetinchem
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Doetinchem
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Doetinchem (; Low Saxon: ) is a city and municipality in the east of the Netherlands. It is situated along the Oude IJssel (Old IJssel) river in a part of the province of Gelderland called the Achterhoek. The municipality had a population of in and consists of an area of of which is water. This makes Doetinchem the largest town (by population) in the Achterhoek.
On 1 January 2005, a municipal restructuring merged the neighbouring municipality of Wehl as well as the Zelhelmse Broek area with Doetinchem.
Population centres
The local government organization in the Netherlands is complex and fine-grained (see municipality and Govt Stats, with municipalities being divided into various entities. The municipality of Doetinchem consists of:
The city ('stad'):
Doetinchem
The neighborhoods ('wijken'):
Centrum
Bezelhorst
Oosseld
Dichteren
Overstegen
De Huet
De Hoop
Oosseld
Schöneveld & Muziekbuurt
The townships ('buurtschappen'):
Gaanderen
Wehl
IJzevoorde
Langerak
Nieuw-Wehl
Wehl was a separate municipality (with about 6,750 inhabitants, including Nieuw-Wehl) until 31 December 2004, when it merged with the municipality of Doetinchem.
History
It is known from archaeological finds of skulls, pottery shards, and flint arrowheads that the area was inhabited more than 11,000 years ago. These prehistoric hunters were followed by Celtic and Germanic tribes like the Franks and Saxons. Roman coins have been found and there is also archaeological evidence of the Vikings having plundered the area.
The first reference to the name of Doetinchem comes in a document from the year 838 which mentions a 'villa Duetinghem', a settlement with a small church. In 887, there is another mention of 'Deutinkem', a fortress with a church which had been given to the then Bishop of Utrecht. The spelling has varied over the centuries, with 'Duttichem', 'Duichingen' and 'Deutekom' being just some examples.
For a long time, Doetinchem remained a small place but around 1100 it started to grow and, after suffering several attempts by plunderers, a town wall was built. In 1236, Doetinchem was granted city rights ('stadsrechten') by Count Otto II of Gelre and Zutphen, and in return, the town provided taxes and soldiers for the Count's army. Also, the new city council published rules for the city, codified in the 'Keurboek van Doetinchem' (Rulebook of Doetinchem), which laid down severe punishments for infringements.
In 1226, Doetinchem faced increasing danger from plunderers, and so the city wall was raised by a metre. There were four barriers in the wall which, being weak points, were replaced over time by four large city-gates known as the Hamburgerpoort (built 1302), the Waterpoort, the Gruitpoort, and the Hezenpoort. Later a moat was dug around the wall and a rampart was built in front; the city's central windmill, the 'walmolen' (Dutch 'wal'=rampart, 'molen'=mill), stands on the remains of this rampart. Despite these defences, Doetinchem was besieged many times and during the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) was besieged and conquered twice. However, eventually the walls became seen as redundant (or perhaps ineffective) and in 1672, they were torn down. However, it was not until the second half of the 19th century that the city gates and most of the rampart were removed.
From its early years, Doetinchem had been an important marketplace for farmers to sell their wares; the market was held in the central square called the Simonsplein right up until the Second World War.
Doetinchem has had its fair share of disasters. Apart from the sieges mentioned above, in 1527 a large fire destroyed most of the city including the city archives (which means that many earlier dates in the history of Doetinchem are somewhat unreliable), and in 1580 most of the city was killed by a plague. There was also occasional flooding. However, despite the fact that Doetinchem is only from the German border, because the Netherlands was not involved in the First World War, Doetinchem saw nothing more than the posting of a few border guards during that time. Even during the Second World War, Doetinchem came off fairly lightly at first; there was only a small German occupying force and the city even escaped the worst effects of the Hunger Winter. However, some prisoners were executed after being implicated in the shooting death in Putten of an important German officer by the Dutch Resistance and disastrously, in March and April 1945, the centre of Doetinchem was largely destroyed by Allied bombing which was either intended for nearby German towns or, as some say, was to destroy the German defences in Doetinchem. Which of the two is true has never really been clarified and there is still some discussion about the true intentions of the bombardment. The city itself was liberated by The Calgary Highlanders in 1945 after a brief battle there.
In 2018 a writer called Karel Berkhuysen researched the Allied bombing. He found that the Germans were researching nuclear fission in a converted school. This information was then passed to the Allies.
In the decades after the war, Doetinchem grew and in a few years had outgrown its "competitors" in the Achterhoek, namely Doesburg, Winterswijk and Zutphen. The Dutch company, Philips, had a factory for some years in the city. From 2003 till 2005, the city grew enormously as new districts such as Dichteren were built, and as Doetinchem incorporates outlying villages such as Wehl into its municipality. In 2011, the city is still growing. By building a new district as het Loo and Isseldoks, and the opening of a brand new theatre and cinema, Doetinchem is the biggest growing city in Gelderland.
Significant structures in Doetinchem
The main church in the central square, St Catherine's Church ('Catharinakerk') was virtually destroyed in the World War II bombing and restoration took from 1948 to 1963. Although originally a Roman Catholic church, it became Dutch Reformed in 1591. There are two castles, 'De Kelder' ('The Cellar') and Slangenburg.
The city has three windmills. In the city centre, there is the already mentioned De Walmolen, the bottom of which now houses the city's tourist office. In Dichteren, there is a mill called Aurora (Latin for 'dawn') and to the east of the city a mill called Benninkmolen. All these mills are open to visitors, usually open to all one weekday morning and at other times by appointment.
A few other important buildings in the city are the Amphion-Theater, the Gruitpoort, a big cultural centre, the Rietveld Lyceum, the biggest high school in Doetinchem and the Tax administration office.
Sport
Doetinchem has a professional football team, De Graafschap ('The County'). The home of De Graafschap was completely revamped to transform it into an all-seater arena. The stands are fully covered, with the roof painted in the blue and white of the club.
The city has an indoor swimming pool, Rozengaarde. In April or May, a local evening four-day marathon is organized.
Since 2005 a four-day marathon is organised which starts and ends in Doetinchem and runs through the Achterhoek. The marathon was held from 23 August to the 26th. Almost 15.000 people took part.
In 2009 the city's volleyball team took part in the CEV cup playing against Haltbank Ankara from Turkey.
Festivals
Doetinchem has an annual street-theatre festival Buitengewoon (Extraordinary), and the City Festival, a big festival with music acts, theatre, a carnival and fireworks.
Notable residents
Frederik Johan van Baer, Lord of Slangenburg (1645–1713) a Dutch military officer
Carel Hendrik Ver Huell (born 1764) a Dutch and later French admiral and statesman
Geert Dales, Dutch Wiki (born 1952) a Dutch politician with 50PLUS
Jan Rietman, Dutch Wiki (born 1952), a pianist and presenter on radio & TV
Maria Martens (born 1955), politician, Member of the European Parliament (MEP) 1999 to 2009
Thomas Rosenboom (born 1956) a Dutch author of novels and short stories
Henriette de Swart (born 1961) a Dutch linguist and academic
John Hondorp (born 1964) jazz organist and teaches the Hammond organ as an academic
Wilke te Brummelstroete (born ca.1975) a Dutch mezzo-soprano
Rianne Letschert (born 1976) a Dutch law scholar, Rector of Maastricht University
Jesse Mateman (born 1996) a Dutch man that attended Nijmegen and notably survived terror attacks in Barcelona in 2017
Janouk Kelderman (born 1991) a Dutch actor, singer and television presenter
Sport
Desi Reijers (born 1964), freestyle swimmer, competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Paul Bosvelt (born 1970), a Dutch former professional footballer with 523 club caps
Chris Bruil (born 1970), badminton player, competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Rogier Meijer (born 1981) a Dutch former footballer, 253 club caps with De Graafschap
Glenn Loovens (born 1983), a Dutch professional footballer with nearly 400 club caps
Sanne Keizer (born 1985), a Dutch beach volleyball player
Marloes Wesselink (born 1987), a Dutch professional beach volleyball player
Siem de Jong (born 1989), a Dutch professional footballer with 250 club caps
Luuk de Jong (born 1990), a Dutch professional footballer with over 300 club caps
Jelle van Gorkom (born 1991) a Dutch BMX racing cyclist, silver medalist at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Richèl Hogenkamp (born 1992), a Dutch professional tennis player
Siri Worm (born 1992), a Dutch women's football defender
Local media
Newspapers available in Doetinchem include subscription paper "De Gelderlander" and free papers "Doetinchems Vizier" and "Zondag", all published by Koninklijke Wegener NV. Doetinchem has its own television station called 'Stadstv' which is received by cable in the municipalities of Doetinchem itself and the neighbouring Hummelo en Keppel, and a television station called 'GraafschapTV' which is received in the entire Achterhoek region.
Transport
Doetinchem has been connected to the Dutch national highway system since November 1974, when the Zevenaar-Doetinchem section of Highway 15 (A15) was opened. This section was extended to Varsseveld in 1984. Today the A15 is called the A18.
Doetinchem is served by rail services from Arnhem by the regional train to Winterswijk with two stations, one in the city centre – Doetinchem and Doetinchem De Huet lying to the west between the suburbs of De Huet and Dichteren. Doetinchem receives four trains per hour to Arnhem (Monday to Friday) and there are always 2 trains per hour between Arnhem and Winterswijk. In 2012, Arriva, took over the rail services between Arnhem and Winterswijk from NS and Syntus
Bus services are also operated by Arriva.
Gallery
References
External links
Municipalities of Gelderland
Populated places in Gelderland
Cities in the Netherlands
Achterhoek
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye%20of%20the%20Beholder%20%28The%20Twilight%20Zone%2C%202002%29
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Eye of the Beholder (The Twilight Zone, 2002)
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"Eye of the Beholder" is the 39th episode of the sci-fi anthology television series The Twilight Zone. It is a remake of the episode from the original Twilight Zone written by Rod Serling about a woman with bandages covering her face hoping that a last-chance surgery will allow her to fit in with society, lest she be sent to a community of people with her 'deformity'.
Opening narration
Summary
Janet Tyler is lying in a hospital bed with bandages wrapped around her head. It is her eleventh attempt at looking normal in a society that regards her as ugly and since no more procedures are allowed after eleven, she is informed by Dr. Bernardi that she would have to live among others like her should this last treatment prove to be unsuccessful. Janet is anxious to see the result of her latest surgery and the doctor complies with her request to take the bandages off, while requesting the anesthetist to be present in case she gets violent. The bandages are removed during a speech by the Leader of the State and Janet is revealed to be beautiful, while those in her society are revealed to be deformed. Janet flees before the doctor can have her sedated and finds herself surrounded by screens showing the Leader's face as he preaches about conformity. She eventually bumps into Mr. Smith, a handsome man who is to take her to a village with people just like them and tells her that it doesn't matter why they were born the way they are, because "beauty is in the eye of the beholder." The doctor says goodbye to Janet as Mr. Smith leads her out of the hospital to a new life with those of her own kind.
Closing narration
Cast
Molly Sims as Janet Tyler
Reggie Hayes as Doctor Bernardi
Roger Cross as The Leader
Allison Hossack as Janet's Nurse
Chris Kramer as Walter Smith
June B. Wilde as Nurse #2
Michael Karl Richards as Orderly
External links
Eye of the Beholder on IMDb
Eye of the Beholder on TV.com
2003 American television episodes
The Twilight Zone (2002 TV series) episodes
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47827267
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese%20Society%20for%20Electrical%20Engineering
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Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering
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The Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering (CSEE; ) is a professional organization for electrical engineers in China. It was founded in 1934 in Shanghai, as the Chinese Society for Electrical Engineers. , its members include over 120,000 individual engineers and over 1000 organizations.
The CSEE is a member of the China Association for Science and Technology (CAST).
It includes 32 provincial societies, 32 study committees on subtopics within electrical engineering, and 8 working committees. Together with the electrical engineering organizations of several other Asian countries, it is a sponsor of the annual International Conference of Electrical Engineering. Its flagship academic journal, founded in 1964 and produced in cooperation with CAST and the China Electric Power Research Institute, is the Proceedings of the Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering.
See also
List of engineering societies
References
External links
Scientific organizations established in 1934
Engineering societies based in China
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%E2%80%9303%20Chicago%20Bulls%20season
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2002–03 Chicago Bulls season
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The 2002–03 NBA season was the Bulls' 37th season in the National Basketball Association. In the 2002 NBA draft, the Bulls selected Jay Williams out of Duke University with the second overall pick. During the off-season, the team signed free agent Donyell Marshall. After a 4–6 start to the season, the Bulls went on a nine-game losing streak between November and December. The Bulls finished sixth in the Central Division with a 30–52 record. They also posted a franchise worst road record of 3–38. Jalen Rose led the team in scoring with 22.1 points per game, while Marshall provided the team with 13.4 points and 9.0 rebounds per game. Williams averaged 9.5 points and 4.7 assists per game, and was named to the NBA All-Rookie Second Team. Following the season, second-year guard Trenton Hassell and Fred Hoiberg both signed as free agents with the Minnesota Timberwolves. (See 2002–03 Chicago Bulls season#Regular season)
Offseason
NBA Draft
Roster
Regular season
The Bulls entered the 2002-03 NBA season with an eager sense of anticipation on what the prior year’s moves would become.
Jalen Rose was expected to have a big year in his first full season with the club. The addition of Jay Williams, selected by the Bulls with the second overall pick in 2002 NBA Draft, was expected to provide the team with an extra scoring punch. Plus, the team’s two young big men, Tyson Chandler and Eddy Curry, each had a valuable year of pro experience under their belts.
General Manager Jerry Krause had what many considered at the time to be a very successful offseason. Besides Williams, the Bulls also added Roger Mason, Jr. and Lonny Baxter via the draft. Veteran forward Donyell Marshall—signed with the team’s mid-level exception—brought size and versatility to the team, and the shape of a solid squad was beginning to form.
In the end, though, having Rose, Marshall and an abundance of talented youth did not equate to winning games. After starting the season 2-0 for the first time since the 1996-97 campaign, Chicago garnered a franchise-worst 3-38 road record. The Bulls held a 19-game road losing streak from 11/02/02–01/18/03 and the team’s 30-52 record qualified it for a fifth-consecutive NBA Lottery appearance.
The franchise was ready to head in a new direction and the beginning of that movement started with the resignation of long-time executive Jerry Krause on April 7. Krause, then 64, played a major role in building Bulls World Championship teams and was a two-time NBA Executive of the Year.
“Jerry Krause is one of a kind,” Bulls Chairman Jerry Reinsdorf stated. “He brought with him a vision of how to build a champion and he proceeded to create one of the most dominant champions of all time. No basketball fan in America can begin to imagine the World Champion Chicago Bulls without his imprint.”
One week later, the Bulls named John Paxson EVP of Basketball Operations. Paxson had spent the previous seven seasons as a color analyst on both the Bulls Radio and TV networks, providing expert analysis to the broadcasts. He spent one season (1995–96) as Assistant Coach, helping the Bulls to a then NBA-record 72-10 record and the 1996 NBA Finals.
“I am really excited to accept this challenge and look forward to working with the basketball operations staff,” said Paxson. “The Bulls organization has meant a lot to me over the years, and getting the chance to help lead the team back to the upper echelon of the NBA is a true honor.”
Other Notes: Jay Williams authored his first career triple-double, recording season highs of 26 points, 14 rebounds and 13 assists in 45 minutes versus New Jersey (11/9) … Marcus Fizer suffered a torn ACL at Portland on 01/31/03 and was forced to miss the final 36 games of the season … Chicago appeared in a franchise-record nine overtime games (1-8).
Honors: Tyson Chandler (sophomore team) participated in the Schick Rookie Challenge at All-Star Weekend … Jay Williams was named the NBA’s “got milk?” Rookie of the Month for December … Williams (freshman team) also participated in the Schick Rookie Challenge at All-Star Weekend and was named to the got milk? NBA All-Rookie Second Team … Eddy Curry led the league in field goal percentage with .585 shooting from the floor … the Bulls drew an average of 19,617 fans through 41 home games (fifth in the NBA in attendance) and had 20 home crowds of 20,000+ (14-6 record), including 12 sellouts.
Season standings
Record vs. opponents
Player statistics
Season
Awards and records
Jay Williams, NBA All-Rookie Team 2nd Team
Transactions
References
External links
See also
2002–03 NBA season
Chicago Bulls seasons
Chicago
Chicago
Chicago
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commemorative%20Medal%20for%20the%20Estonian%20War%20of%20Independence
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Commemorative Medal for the Estonian War of Independence
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Commemorative Medal for the Estonian War of Independence () is an Estonian medal established on 14 December 1920. It was awarded to those who served in the Estonian War of Independence of 1918–1920.
The medal displays on the obverse an Estonian soldier in a protecting pose in front of a woman and children by a house, and the inscription "KODU KAITSEKS" ("For Defence of Home"). On the reverse, it bears the inscription "EESTI WABADUSSÕJA MÄLESTUSEKS" ("In Commemoration of Estonian Liberation War") and displays two crossed swords over a laurel branch and the dates '1918-1920' above.
References
Orders, decorations, and medals of Estonia
Awards established in 1920
1920 establishments in Estonia
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57331625
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20A.%20Clark%20House
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Henry A. Clark House
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The Henry A. Clark House, also known as The Castle, is a historic house in Wartrace, Tennessee, United States. It was built in 1902 for Henry A. Clark and his wife, Lizzie Cunningham.
The house was designed in the Queen Anne architectural style, with a turret. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since August 30, 1985.
References
National Register of Historic Places in Bedford County, Tennessee
Queen Anne architecture in Tennessee
Houses completed in 1902
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63120990
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenichiro%20Matsuoka
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Kenichiro Matsuoka
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was a Japanese media executive. He founded and served as the first President of Japan Cable Television, and as a Vice President of Asahi Broadcasting Company (now TV Asahi).
Biography
The eldest son of Japanese foreign minister Yōsuke Matsuoka, Kenichiro was born in the United States while his father was First Secretary of the Embassy of Japan, Washington, D.C., and attended the Tokyo Imperial University, majoring in Political Science.
When his father took over leadership of the South Manchuria Railway (Mantetsu), Kenichiro became involved with the Manchukuo Film Association (Man'ei), formed in partnership with Mantetsu. Through Man'ei, Kenichiro would meet Negishi Kanichi and Masahiko Amakasu, who gave him experience in building a film studio from the ground up. Kenichiro would also meet the popular pre-war Japanese actress Yoshiko Yamaguchi, whom Yamaguchi would write in her biography "Ri Kōran: My Half Life", to be her first love. They would meet again after the war, at which time Kenichiro attempted to rekindle the relationship, but by then, Yamaguchi was already involved with the noted designer Isamu Noguchi.
Returning to Japan in 1940, there was talk of Kenichiro attending school in America to defuse any suspicion of Japan's war ambitions, and he would join the state run news agency Dōmei Tsushin that would be broken up by Allied forces during the Occupation of Japan. Matsuoka followed Yōnosuke Natori to the Sun News Photo agency following Dōmei's breakup, then go on to join the fledgling Nippon Educational Television Board (NET) television network upon its founding in 1957.
NET courted Matsuoka for his knowledge of foreign culture and fluency in English and French, having been born in the United States, studied in Paris, and experienced with Mantetsu. He was able to watch foreign programing in its original format and was responsible for licensing Rawhide and Laramie, gaining high ratings for the new network, and giving them an advantage over rivals NHK and Fuji TV.
By the time NET parent company Asahi Shimbun would rebrand the network as Asahi Broadcasting Corporation in 1977, Matsuoka would be promoted to Executive Vice President (Fuku-shacho) at Asahi Broadcasting Co, serve as a founder of Japan Cable Television, and act as its first president, a position he held until his retirement in 1986.
Legacy
Kenichiro was portrayed in the film Ri Kōran by Fukami Motoki.
Family
Kenichiro's father Yōsuke, was a prominent diplomat in pre-war Japan. Kenichiro's mother Ryuko, was the daughter of an influential kuge judge Shin Soroku, a former retainer of the Chōshū clan, and a beneficiary of their outsized influence in the Meiji Restoration that helped shaped the modern Japanese Government. Yōsuke's sister Fujie was widowed in 1911 with two young girls, whom Yosuke supported as if his own. One of those nieces, Hiroko, married future Japanese Prime Minister Eisaku Satō, and ties Kenichiro to the current Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and the Abe political dynasy through Abe's maternal grandfather, Nobusuke Kishi, Eisaku's older brother.
References
Wikipedia Japan article on Kenichiro Matsuoka - (:jp:松岡謙一郎)
1914 births
1994 deaths
Television executives
20th-century Japanese businesspeople
Japanese business executives
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit%20River
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Transit River
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The Transit River is a river in New Zealand, flowing into Milford Sound.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of Fiordland
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12929088
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n%20Varga%20%28handballer%29
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István Varga (handballer)
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István Varga (; 7 September 1943 – 6 December 2014) was a Hungarian international handball player and Olympic participant.
Varga spent his most successful years in Debrecen, where he was part of the Debreceni Dózsa SE, that won 5 Hungarian league and 3 cup titles in the 1970s. He was also named Hungarian Handballer of the Year in 1975 and was the top scorer of the Hungarian championship six times between 1972 and 1979.
He played 127-times for the Hungarian national team and competed at a number of major tournaments. In 1972 he was part of the Hungarian team that finished in the eighth place at the 1972 Summer Olympics. Varga played all six matches and scored 32 goals. At the 1976 Summer Olympics the team finished in the sixth place. He played all five matches and scored 21 goals.
Varga also participated at two World Championships in 1967 and 1970, achieving an eighth place in both occasions.
With his performances during these years, he earned a place both in the Europe Selection and World Selection.
In 2011 he was diagnosed with lung cancer. Varga died on 6 December 2014 in Debrecen at the age of 71.
Awards
Hungarian Handballer of the Year: 1975
Nemzeti Bajnokság I Top Scorer: 1972, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1978, 1979
References
1943 births
2014 deaths
People from Abony
Hungarian male handball players
Olympic handball players of Hungary
Handball players at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Handball players at the 1976 Summer Olympics
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67501193
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ixodes%20heathi
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Ixodes heathi
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Heath's tick (Ixodes heathi) is a critically endangered invertebrate native to the Australian alps. It has a close symbiotic relationship with the mountain pygmy possum, and is believed to depend on this species for its survival.
Etymology
Heath’s tick is named after the New Zealand parasitologist Allen C.G. Heath.
Ecology
The ecology of Heath’s tick is poorly known. However, it has been suggested that this species may be a nest dwelling species which utilises the dens of the mountain pygmy possum to avoid the freezing winters of the Australian alps. Heath’s tick, and its closest relatives Ixodes riscicollaris and Ixodes goliath all occupy habitats with relictual cool, wet Gondwanan climates at high altitudes.
The mountain pygmy possum relies on the fruits of the mountain plum-pine (Podocarpus lawrencei) as a seasonal food source. However, feral horses and deer have caused this plant to decline due to over-grazing. The decline of the mountain pygmy possum, due to decline of the mountain plum-pine, could cause Heath’s tick to become extinct, an example of a trophic cascade. The fragmentation of populations of mountain pygmy possums and Heath’s ticks may result in inbreeding and stochastic events (such as fires) resulting on localised extinction of individual populations. At present Heath’s tick is known from the Australian state of Victoria where it has only been collected on Mt. Higginbotham (the type locality) and on Mt. Loch.
References
Ticks
Endemic fauna of Australia
Animals described in 2018
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agents%20of%20S.H.I.E.L.D.%20%28season%206%29
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Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (season 6)
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The sixth season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D., follows S.H.I.E.L.D. agents and allies as they try to save humanity following the death of director Phil Coulson. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) and acknowledges the continuity of the franchise's films. The season is produced by ABC Studios, Marvel Television, and Mutant Enemy Productions, with Jed Whedon, Maurissa Tancharoen, and Jeffrey Bell serving as showrunners.
Clark Gregg, who portrays Coulson in the series and films, returns as a new character in the season, alongside series regulars Ming-Na Wen, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, Elizabeth Henstridge, Henry Simmons, and Natalia Cordova-Buckley. They are joined by Jeff Ward, promoted from a recurring role in the fifth season. The sixth season was ordered in May 2018, and filming took place from that July until December. Unlike previous seasons, which featured direct tie-ins with MCU films, this season avoids referencing the films Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and Avengers: Endgame (2019) due to logistical issues, and so it can tell its own story.
The sixth season premiered on ABC on May 10, 2019, and ran for 13 episodes until August 2. The season debuted to lower ratings and had a lower average viewership than the previous season, but it was the highest ranking program in its timeslot for the 2019 summer period and the best performing series for ABC in the timeslot since 2016. It received positive reviews, with praise for its lighter tone and pacing, which critics credited to its shorter run of episodes in comparison to previous seasons. Critics also praised the performances and writing. In November 2018, before the season debuted, ABC renewed the series for a seventh and final season.
Episodes
Cast and characters
Main
Clark Gregg as Sarge and Phil Coulson
Ming-Na Wen as Melinda May
Chloe Bennet as Daisy Johnson / Quake
Iain De Caestecker as Leo Fitz
Elizabeth Henstridge as Jemma Simmons
Henry Simmons as Alphonso "Mack" Mackenzie
Natalia Cordova-Buckley as Elena "Yo-Yo" Rodriguez
Jeff Ward as Deke Shaw
Recurring
Maximilian Osinski as Davis
Briana Venskus as Piper
Joel Stoffer as Enoch
Barry Shabaka Henley as Marcus Benson
Winston James Francis as Jaco
Matt O'Leary as Pax
Brooke Williams as Snowflake
Christopher James Baker as Malachi
Shainu Bala as Trevor Khan
Karolina Wydra as Izel
Notable guests
Maurissa Tancharoen as Sequoia
Coy Stewart as Flint
Production
Development
In January 2018, ABC Entertainment president Channing Dungey was optimistic about Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. receiving a renewal for a sixth season, but in March, Nellie Andreeva of Deadline Hollywood described the series as being "on the bubble", meaning it "could go either way". Despite receiving low live ratings in its fifth season, the series was considered a "strong DVR gainer and an even stronger international seller" as well as Marvel Television's only chance to have a series on ABC in the 2018–19 television season given that fellow series Inhumans was considered "dead", and ultimately canceled. The series' crew believed that it was likely to be cancelled, and they made the fifth-season finale as if it was the last episode of the series. On May 14, 2018, Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. was renewed for a sixth season, consisting of 13 episodes. Some commentators, as well as the series' crew, assumed that this shorter season (previous seasons consisted of 22 episodes) would be the series' last, but Dungey denied this, and a seventh season was ordered in November 2018. The sixth-season premiere features an onscreen tribute to S.H.I.E.L.D. co-creator Stan Lee, who died in November 2018.
Writing
Because showrunners Jed Whedon, Maurissa Tancharoen, and Jeffrey Bell knew that a seventh season had been ordered while they were working on the sixth, they and the series' writers had the confidence to plan a story that is split over both seasons, with a cliffhanger ending for the sixth season that will be resolved in the seventh. The writers tried to create more episodes in the season that were "outside of [their] normal form of storytelling", like the third season episode "4,722 Hours", and noted that at this point they had gone beyond all of their initial plans for the series and had to work to create new storylines that did not repeat elements from previous seasons. For previous seasons, the writers divided their stories into different "pods" rather than stretching a single story over 22 episodes, but this was not necessary for the shorter 13-episode season.
The season begins one year after the end of the fifth season, in part because the writers wanted to give the characters time to mourn the death of Phil Coulson before starting their next adventure. This season finds the cast split into two groups: a team in space searching for Leo Fitz following the events of season five, and the rest of S.H.I.E.L.D. on Earth. The space sequences expand on elements that were introduced in the fifth season, including the alien Confederacy which Whedon described as a "nod to the tone" of the space elements in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) but also an attempt to find a new area of that world to explore for the series. Whedon added, "I think that fans are going to be excited to see the nooks and crannies of space that we explore." On Earth, the characters investigate a series of energy anomalies while rebuilding S.H.I.E.L.D. and carrying on Coulson's legacy, with Alphonso "Mack" Mackenzie taking over as director of the organization. They eventually come into contact with Sarge, a new threat to the world who looks like Coulson. Star Chloe Bennet revealed ahead of the season's premiere that there would be an element of fantasy that previous seasons did not have.
The season's storyline revolves around several monoliths, magical stones that were introduced in previous seasons. The writers had not intended this when they first introduced the objects, but when approaching the sixth season they wanted a way to have Sarge be created from Coulson and used the monoliths established control over space, time, and manifesting fear to do so. The writers felt that having Sarge join the heroes at the end of the season would result in a "watered-down" version of Coulson, and they did not want to repeat themselves by carrying the villain over to the next season, so they chose to kill the character off at the end of the season. The season also introduces the Chronicoms as a threat to Earth for the seventh season, with the majority of their story told in short "tag" scenes at the end of each episode leading up to the final episode's cliffhanger.
Casting
After the airing of the fifth season's finale, which implied the death of Coulson, actor Clark Gregg said there was "some interest" in having him be involved in the sixth season, and that he would be meeting with the showrunners to discuss this. He speculated that this involvement could be for flashbacks, and was unsure if he would remain a series regular as he had been for the previous five seasons. At San Diego Comic-Con 2018, main cast members Ming-Na Wen, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, Elizabeth Henstridge, Henry Simmons, and Natalia Cordova-Buckley were confirmed to return from previous seasons as Melinda May, Daisy Johnson / Quake, Leo Fitz, Jemma Simmons, Alphonso "Mack" Mackenzie, and Elena "Yo-Yo" Rodriguez, respectively. Additionally, Jeff Ward was promoted to series regular for the season, after recurring in the fifth as Deke Shaw. That December, Coulson was confirmed to have died between the events of the fifth and sixth seasons. In the season's first teaser released the next month, Gregg was revealed to be portraying a new character in the season, named Sarge. Gregg was confirmed in March 2019 to be retaining his series regular status for the season.
Also returning from previous seasons are Briana Venskus as Piper and Maximilian Osinski as Davis, two minor S.H.I.E.L.D. agents that fans responded positively to in previous seasons. Tancharoen stated that they would be explored more in this season, with the executive producers all agreeing that they had grown to love the characters just as the fans had. This expanded role promoted Venskus and Osinski to recurring status, after having "off-and-on" roles in previous seasons. Additional returners include Joel Stoffer as Enoch and Coy Stewart as Flint. In April 2018, Karolina Wydra, Christopher James Baker, and Barry Shabaka Henley were announced as cast in the roles of mercenary Izel, assassin Malachi, and natural science professor Marcus Benson. Whedon hoped the new characters would bring some "new flavors" to the series. In May, with the season's premiere, several recurring actors were revealed to be portraying members of Sarge's team: Brooke Williams as Snowflake, Winston James Francis as Jaco, and Matt O'Leary as Pax. Shainu Bala also recurs in the season as agent Trevor Khan, while Tancharoen has a role as Deke's girlfriend Sequoia.
Design
Costume designer Whitney Galitz updated Bennet's Quake costume and hairstyle for the season. The updated costume pays homage to the character's appearance in the animated film Marvel Rising: Secret Warriors (where Bennet also voices the character), and retains her gauntlets and utility belt from previous seasons albeit "streamlined and slimmed down". The Quake symbol on the costume's back is also retained, and updated with "contrasting leather panels to make it pop". As part of the inspiration from Marvel Rising, the updated suit has "an additional punch of color to it ... [with] some purple embellishments near the neckline running down the front sides" along with below the waist, while Bennet has longer, blonde hair with purple highlights. Britt Lawrence of Cinema Blend felt Bennet's hair "works fantastically opposite Quake's new costume" with the hair "an extension of Quake's outfit... Instead of being a standalone look, her hair is contributing to it." Lawrence pointed out that the animated version had more purple accents in the costume and a darker, shorter hairstyle where the purple highlights "[frame] her face", compared to the use of purple in Bennet's hair which was more like "softer highlights".
Filming
Filming for the season began on July 16, 2018, in Culver City, California, with Gregg directing the first episode of the season. After the emotional fifth-season finale, Wen felt that returning for the sixth season with Gregg directing was "wonderful out of the gate, and like we got a new life". She added that the shorter season length was a relief due to the series being "mentally, emotionally, and physically" taxing to film, allowing the cast to work at "150, 200 percent" for the whole season instead of "feeling like, by the 16th episode, we are just trying to swim up river". Filming wrapped by December 18, 2018.
Music
Composer Bear McCreary created a "rollickin' blues theme" for Sarge in the season, and composed the musical theme Izel sung "during her creepy transformations".
Marvel Cinematic Universe tie-ins
When asked how the season would connect to the then-upcoming MCU film Avengers: Endgame, Marvel Television head Jeph Loeb suggested in March 2019 that the one year time jump between the previous season of the series and this one was part of the series' tie-in to that film. Endgame is a direct sequel to Avengers: Infinity War (2018), which saw the death of half of all life in the universe beginning shortly after the events of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. season five. Endgame features a five-year time-jump before reversing these deaths, setting the sixth season of S.H.I.E.L.D. during a time that half of all life is still dead. After Endgame was released in April, the showrunners and Loeb revealed that the series would not be depicting this loss of life for several reasons: they began production on the season without knowing all of Endgames plot or how Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019) would be depicting a post-Endgame MCU; they were unsure when the season would be released in relation to Endgame and how much they would be allowed to reveal if they had begun airing before the film was released; and they wanted to focus on telling their own story rather than be "shackled too much to the universe-changing events from the films". They acknowledged that this meant the series no longer lined-up with the films' timeline, but Whedon said the writers had an explanation for this that made sense to them even though they did not plan to "burden the audience" with it. Tim Baysinger of TheWrap suggested that the time travel plot of the fifth season could explain the discrepancy by moving the sixth season into an alternate future not seen by Doctor Strange during Infinity War, one in which the deaths never happened. The season has some thematic similarities with Endgame, as both depict their heroes dealing with loss, which Whedon said was "not a coincidence" and described as "the nature of these stories".
Marketing
A teaser for the season was released in January 2019, revealing Gregg's role. In March, Marvel released a promotional image for the season recreating Leonardo da Vinci's painting The Last Supper with the season's main cast members. Marketing producer Geoffrey Colo clarified that it was not an image from any of the season's episodes, but a "thematic representation" of the season filled with Easter eggs for upcoming episodes on which Colo said, "Some you'll recognize, others won't hold any significance until you've seen the particular episode." The image led to speculation from commentators as to which of the Twelve Apostles from the original painting were being represented by each of the series' characters, and whether any character would represent the betrayer Judas Iscariot. The premiere episode was first screened at WonderCon on March 30. On July 18, 2019, the series had a panel at San Diego Comic-Con with the main cast and executive producers. A sneak peek for the end of the season was also shown.
Release
Broadcast
The sixth season began airing on ABC in the United States on May 10, 2019, and consisted of 13 episodes. On holding the season until mid-2019, Dungey explained, "By putting it on the summer we feel we can super-serve the show’s audience and possibly have it on the air longer," in part because ABC's "live-same-day ratings are less important" in the summer season. Since the season was set to air after the release of Avengers: Endgame, Dungey noted in May 2018 that the decision to schedule it then was ABC's, and not in accordance with any of Marvel Studios' larger MCU plans. However, at one point between then and the season's release, ABC asked Marvel Television about moving the season's premiere several months earlier, and the studio asked them not to do this so that Endgame would not be released in the middle of the season's airing.
Home media
The season began streaming on Netflix in the United States on September 1, 2019, and will be available until February 28, 2022.
Reception
Ratings
According to Nielsen Media Research, the season premiered to a 0.4/3 percent share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49, meaning that it was seen by 0.4 percent of all households, and 3 percent of all of those watching television at the time of the broadcast. This was a drop from the previous seasons's finale and average viewership. However, the total audience of 2.31 million people was the largest for the series since January 2018. The season went on to be the highest ranking program in its timeslot for the 2019 summer period, and best performing series for ABC in the timeslot since the 2016 summer period. The season averaged 2.25 million total viewers, including from DVR, ranking 158th among network series in the 2018–19 television season. It also had an average total 18-49 rating of 0.4, which was 165th.
Critical response
The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports a 93% approval rating, with an average score of 7.7/10, based on 15 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "Six seasons in and Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. continues to deepen its exploration of space and the relationships between its heroes."
References
General references
External links
2019 American television seasons
Television series set in 1931
Television series set in 2018
Television series set in 2019
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69513767
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manping%2C%20Qinghai
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Manping, Qinghai
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Manping (Mandarin: 满坪镇) is a town in Minhe Hui and Tu Autonomous County, Haidong, Qinghai, China. In 2010, Manping had a total population of 14,362: 7,621 males and 6,741 females: 3,510 aged under 14, 9,934 aged between 15 and 65 and 918 aged over 65.
References
Township-level divisions of Qinghai
Haidong
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40926850
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalkhal%20Mahalleh
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Khalkhal Mahalleh
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Khalkhal Mahalleh (), also rendered as Khalkhali Mahalleh, may refer to:
Khalkhal Mahalleh-ye Jadid
Khalkhal Mahalleh-ye Qadim
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67242469
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%20Uruguayan%20Primera%20Divisi%C3%B3n%20season
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2021 Uruguayan Primera División season
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The 2021 Liga Profesional de Primera División season, also known as the Campeonato Uruguayo de Primera División 2021, was the 118th season of the Uruguayan Primera División, Uruguay's top-flight football league, and the 91st in which it is professional. The season, named "Dr. Tabaré Vázquez" after the late former President of Uruguay and chairman of Progreso from 1979 to 1989, started on 15 May and ended on 7 December 2021, with the starting date having been pushed back from early 2021 due to the late conclusion of the previous season owing to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The tournament was originally scheduled to start on 8 May, however its date of start was postponed for a week to 15 May per request from the Uruguayan government. Peñarol won their fifty-first league title at the end of the season, winning the Torneo Clausura and placing first in the season's aggregate table and then beating Torneo Apertura winners Plaza Colonia on penalties in the semi-final played on 7 December. Nacional were the defending champions.
Format changes
For the 2021 season, the competition was scheduled to run for eight months, from May to December, and had a change from the previous editions with the elimination of the Torneo Intermedio which is usually played midway into the season and adds seven matchdays to the league schedule. This change was intended to leave extra time available to finish the season before the end of the year in the event the health emergency caused by the COVID-19 pandemic forced any suspension of matches in the course of the season. With that change, clubs only played 15 matches in the Torneo Apertura and 15 matches in the Torneo Clausura, for a total of 30 matches in the season, as well as the ones belonging to the Championship playoff for the clubs that eventually qualified for it. Matches would only be scheduled on weekends, with mid-week dates to be used only if necessary due to the pandemic.
Teams
The three lowest placed teams in the relegation table of the 2020 season, Defensor Sporting, Danubio, and Cerro, were relegated to the Segunda División for the 2021 season. They were replaced by Cerrito, Sud América, and Villa Española, who were promoted from the Segunda División.
Managerial changes
Torneo Apertura
The Torneo Apertura, named "Eduardo Roca Couture", was the first tournament of the 2021 season. It began on 15 May and ended on 22 August 2021.
Standings
Results
Torneo Clausura
The Torneo Clausura, named "Marcos Basiaco", was the second and last tournament of the 2021 season. It began on 11 September and ended on 5 December 2021.
Standings
Results
Aggregate table
Championship playoff
Semi-final
Finals
Since Peñarol, who had the best record in the aggregate table, won the semi-final, they became champions automatically and the finals were not played. Nacional became runners-up as the second-placed team in the aggregate table. Both teams qualified for the 2022 Copa Libertadores group stage.
Top scorers
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
! Rank
! Name
! Club
! Goals
|-
| align=center | 1
| Maximiliano Silvera
|Cerrito
| align=center | 21
|-
| align=center | 2
| Matías Arezo
|River Plate
| align=center | 16
|-
| align=center | 3
| Gonzalo Bergessio
|Nacional
| align=center | 15
|-
| align=center | 4
| Federico Martínez
|Liverpool
| align=center | 14
|-
| rowspan=2 align=center | 5
| Agustín Álvarez Martínez
|Peñarol
| rowspan=2 align=center | 13
|-
| Leandro Otormín
|Cerro Largo
|-
| align=center | 7
| Juan Ignacio Ramírez
|Liverpool
| align=center | 11
|-
| rowspan=2 align=center | 8
| Sebastián Guerrero
|Montevideo City Torque
| rowspan=2 align=center | 10
|-
| Salomón Rodríguez
|Rentistas
|-
| rowspan=3 align=center | 10
| Lucas Di Yorio
|Cerro Largo
| rowspan=3 align=center | 9
|-
| Renzo López
|Montevideo Wanderers / Plaza Colonia
|-
| Lucas Rodríguez
|Montevideo City Torque
|}
Source: AUF
Relegation
Relegation is determined at the end of the season by computing an average of the number of points earned per game over the two most recent seasons: 2020 and 2021. The three teams with the lowest average at the end of the season were relegated to the Segunda División for the following season.
Season awards
On 28 December 2021 the AUF announced the winners of the season awards, who were chosen by its Technical Staff based on voting by managers and captains of the 16 Primera División teams as well as a group of local sports journalists. 30 players were nominated for Best Player and the Team of the Season according to their ratings and evaluations by the Technical Staff throughout the season.
References
External links
Asociación Uruguaya de Fútbol - Campeonato Uruguayo
2021
2021 in Uruguayan football
Uruguay
Uruguay
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50294565
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hold%20Up%20%28song%29
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Hold Up (song)
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"Hold Up" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé for her sixth studio album, Lemonade (2016). The song was serviced to contemporary hit radio in Italy on May 27, 2016 as the third single from the album. It was written by Diplo, Ezra Koenig, Beyoncé, Emile Haynie, Josh Tillman, MNEK and MeLo-X.
The song contains a sample of "Can't Get Used to Losing You" performed by Andy Williams and written by Doc Pomus and Mort Shuman, an interpolation of "Maps" performed by Yeah Yeah Yeahs and written by Brian Chase, Karen O and Nick Zinner, and an interpolation of "Turn My Swag On", written by Soulja Boy, Antonio Randolph and Kelvin McConnell.
"Hold Up" received a Grammy nomination for Best Pop Solo Performance at the 59th ceremony.
Composition
"Hold Up" is written in the key of C major in common time with a tempo of 84 beats per minute. The song follows a chord progression of C–F–D–G–D–F, and when it comes to Beyonce's vocals, they go from C3 to F5. The track features a light reggae beat.
A demo of "Hold Up" – a simple track containing just a chorus – was first written and recorded by Diplo and Koenig in 2014. Koenig, the frontman of the indie rock band, Vampire Weekend, was interested in Diplo's take on the opening of "Can't Get Used to Losing You" by Andy Williams and wrote a hook around it. The lyrics include an interpolation of the chorus of "Maps" by Yeah Yeah Yeahs that Koenig had tweeted three years prior. Beyonce, having heard and liked the demo, gave it to various songwriters to get the best ideas for building on it.
MNEK said he wrote a full song over the demo, but Beyoncé only made use of 3 lines from his song, which were eventually used in the bridge.
He also mentioned the unique process of Beyoncé: "The way she works, she is a writer in herself. And then she pieces together stuff and she pieces together, you know, Diplo's going to work on the track; she's going to send it to me to do a melody idea. That's the process. And it worked because she's overlooking everything."
Father John Misty also said Beyoncé contacted him after she heard his song through Emile Haynie. She gave him the simple demo track and he ended up writing first verse and refrain. He told NME, "With 'Hold Up' they just sent me the beat and the hook. I wrote that first verse and the 'jealous and crazy' part."
He didn't know if his part would be used or not but later Beyoncé told him in person that his part made the final cut at his 2015 Coachella set.
In the outro of the song, Beyoncé sampled the hook from "Turn My Swag On" by Soulja Boy.
She used the first two lines of the hook twice with slow falsetto vocals to express the feeling between denial and anger.
Critical reception
Pitchfork Media's Ryan Dombal named "Hold Up" as "Best New Track", calling Beyoncé's vocals "emotive" and stating "The music has no weight, no place, no time—a calypso dream heard through walls and generations...When Beyoncé works in the pained refrain of Yeah Yeah Yeahs' "Maps," she makes it glorious while allowing our memories to hint at the anguish underneath."
Slant considered the song the 4th best one of 2016, while Pitchfork named it the 28th best. The song would later be voted in Village Voice'''s Pazz & Jop best in music in 2016, the 18th best single of the same period. Billboard ranked "Hold Up" at number 23 on their "100 Best Pop Songs of 2016" list: "Beyonce's Lemonade was designed for memes… and tweets… and gifs. But ask anyone the image that defines the album, and you're likely to see a shot from "Hold Up"."
"Hold Up" was named the greatest song of the decade (2010s) by Richard Walker for The National. Commercial performance
After the release of Lemonade, "Hold Up" debuted and peaked on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart at number 13. "Hold Up" also entered on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop songs at number 8. In overseas charts, the song entered in multiple digital charts in top 5: Denmark, Greece, Netherlands, New Zealand and Norway.
Music video
The song's music video is part of a one-hour film with the same title as its parent album, which originally aired on HBO and was also included with the purchase of the album itself. The Jonas Åkerlund-directed video features Beyoncé destroying multiple cars and security cameras using a baseball bat. The video is often compared by critics to that of Janet Jackson's video to her single "Son of a Gun (I Betcha Think This Song Is About You)" as well as the late 90s art film Ever Is Over All'' by Pipilotti Rist. According to Mashable, Knowles also makes reference of Oshun, the Yoruba goddess of water, fertility, love, and sensuality. It received two nominations at the 2016 MTV Video Music Awards for Best Female Video and Best Art Direction, winning the former. One week later, Beyoncé released the music video on her YouTube and Vevo channels.
Live performances
"Hold Up" is part of the set list of the Formation World Tour with the first performance taking place in Miami at the Marlins Park on April 27, 2016.
"Hold Up" was also performed as part of a medley of songs from Lemonade at the 2016 MTV Video Music Awards on August 28, 2016, along with "Pray You Catch Me", "Sorry", "Don't Hurt Yourself", and "Formation".
"Hold Up" was performed at Beyoncé's 2018 Coachella performance, reimagined with a marching band sound to pay homage to historically black colleges and universities.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Radio and release history
References
2016 songs
2016 singles
Songs about betrayal
Songs about infidelity
Beyoncé songs
Songs written by Beyoncé
Songs written by Diplo
Songs written by Emile Haynie
Songs written by Ezra Koenig
Songs written by Josh Tillman
Song recordings produced by Beyoncé
Song recordings produced by Diplo
MTV Video Music Award for Best Female Video
Songs written by MNEK
Music videos directed by Jonas Åkerlund
Columbia Records singles
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48257816
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ver%C3%B4nica%20Hip%C3%B3lito
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Verônica Hipólito
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Verônica Silva Hipólito (born 2 June 1996) is a para-athlete from Brazil competing mainly in category T37 sprint events. She competed as an able-bodied athlete before a stroke in 2011 left her with permanent damage to the right side of her body. In 2013, she discovered that she was eligible to compete in Paralympic sports and that year represented Brazil at the 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships.
Personal history
Hipólito was born in São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil in 1996. In 2008, she discovered that she had a brain tumour, which was removed. But in March 2011 she suffered a stroke that affected the movement on the right side of her body. The stroke affected the right side of her body and she lost strength in both her right leg and arm. Her brain tumour returned in 2012 which she treated with medication.
Career history
Hipólito took up athletics at the age of ten after her parents chose the sport in an effort to help her make friends and learn the value of effort. She competed in able-bodied athletics until 2013 when she discovered that due to the damage caused by her stroke, that she was eligible to compete in para-athletic events.
That year she was selected to represent Brazil at the 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships. There she competed in three events, the 100 m and 200 m T38 sprints and the long jump T37/38. In the long jump she finished sixth, but she medalled in both the 100 m (silver) and the 200 m (gold). The following year she participated in the 2014 Para-South American Games in Santiago where she won gold in the 100 m, 200 m and long jump events.
Notes
References
External links
Verônica Hipólito at Nauru.com.br
1996 births
Living people
Paralympic athletes of Brazil
Brazilian female sprinters
Brazilian female long jumpers
Sportswomen with disabilities
Disabled track and field athletes
People from São Bernardo do Campo
Federal University of ABC alumni
Paralympic medalists in athletics (track and field)
Paralympic silver medalists for Brazil
Paralympic bronze medalists for Brazil
Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2015 Parapan American Games
Medalists at the 2019 Parapan American Games
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52837945
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo%20%26%20Johnny%20%28album%29
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Santo & Johnny (album)
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Santo & Johnny is the debut album by the homonymous duo, released in 1959. The album includes the duo's best known instrumental, "Sleep Walk".
Releases
Canadian-American Records distributed the album in Canada in 1959 and the label Orfeón released it in Venezuela in the same year.
Singles
The track "Sleep Walk" rose to number 1 of the Billboard Hot 100 in 1959. The band's rendition of "Caravan" entered the charts in 1960 and it peaked at number 48.
Performances
The instrumentals "All Night Diner" and "Sleep Walk" were performed on The Perry Como Show in 1959.
"Sleep Walk" was also performed on American Bandstand.
Legacy
"Sleep Walk" was frequently used on commercials, TV shows and movies. Examples include: Highston, La Bamba, Heroes and many others.
The recording "Caravan" was used in a few movies such as Breakfast on Pluto.
Track listing
Side one
"Caravan"
"Summertime"
"All Night Diner"
"Blue Moon"
"School Day"
"Sleep Walk"
Side two
"Tenderly"
"Slave Girl"
"Dream"
"Canadian Sunset"
"Harbor Lights"
"Raunchy"
Personnel
Santo Farina – steel guitar
Johnny Farina – guitar
Mike Dee – drums
Bob Davie – conductor, arrangement
References
1959 debut albums
Santo & Johnny albums
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17467104
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reza%20Ahadi
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Reza Ahadi
|
Reza Ahadi (, November 30, 1962 – January 17, 2016) was an Iranian footballer who played as a midfielder for the Iran national team and Tehran's Esteghlal. He died following an internal infection and liver problems at the age of 53.
Playing career
Ahadi played for Iranian club Esteghlal FC for most of his career, and also was among the first Iranian players to pursue a career in European football as he joined Germany’s Rot-Weiss Essen in 1986 where he scored a goal in his eight appearances. He was a member of the Iran national football team from 1982–1984.
The former Esteghlal captain was called up 13 times to the national team and scored twice. He was the manager of a handful of teams such as Esteghlal Ahvaz, Paykan, Kowsar and Payam Mashhad during his short coaching career.
He had introduced a number of Iranian players, including Vahid Talebloo, Khosro Heydari and Andranik Teymourian to professional soccer.
Achievements
4th Place 1989 Kuwait Peace & Friendship Tournament with Iran national football team
Winner 1990 Iranian Football League with Esteghlal FC
References
External links
1962 births
2016 deaths
Iranian footballers
Iran international footballers
Association football midfielders
Iranian expatriate footballers
Esteghlal F.C. players
Rot-Weiss Essen players
2. Bundesliga players
Expatriate footballers in Germany
1984 AFC Asian Cup players
Sportspeople from Tehran
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1364313
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tales%20of%20the%20Dead
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Tales of the Dead
|
Tales of the Dead was an English anthology of horror fiction, abridged from the French book Fantasmagoriana and translated anonymously by Sarah Elizabeth Utterson, who also added one story of her own. It was published in 1813 by White, Cochrane and Co..
Development
Sarah Elizabeth Utterson Brown (1781–1851), wife of literary antiquary, collector and editor Edward Vernon Utterson (c. 1776–1856), translated the majority of Tales of the Dead from a French collection of ghost stories as "the amusement of an idle hour". Three of the stories from the French she omitted as they "did not appear equally interesting" to her. She also noted she had "considerably curtailed" her translation of "L'Amour Muet", "as it contained much matter relative to the loves of the hero and heroine, which in a compilation of this kind appeared rather misplaced". To these, Utterson added a story of her own, "The Storm" based on an incident told to her by "a female friend of very deserved literary celebrity" as having actually occurred. It was published anonymously in 1813 by White, Cochrane, and Co., replacing the original epigraph "" (meaning roughly "he fills [his breast] with imagined terrors") with the following quote from William Shakespeare's The Tempest:
The French book Utterson translated from was Fantasmagoriana (its title is derived from Étienne-Gaspard Robert's Phantasmagoria), which had in turn been translated anonymously by Jean-Baptiste Benoît Eyriès (1767–1846) from a number of German ghost stories, and published in Paris during 1812. His sources included "Stumme Liebe" ("Silent Love") from Volksmärchen der Deutschen by Johann Karl August Musäus (1735–1787), "Der grau Stube" ("The Grey Room") by Heinrich Clauren (1771–1854), and six stories by Johann August Apel (1771–1816) and Friedrich Laun (1770–1849), five of which were from the first two volumes of their ghost story anthology Das Gespensterbuch ("The Ghost Book"); originally published in five volumes by G. J. Göschen in Leipzig between 1811 and 1815 under the pen names A. Apel and F. Laun.
Fantasmagoriana has a significant place in the history of English literature. In the summer of 1816 Lord Byron and John William Polidori were staying at the Villa Diodati by Lake Geneva and were visited by Percy Bysshe Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley and Claire Clairmont. Kept indoors by the "incessant rain" of that "wet, ungenial summer", over three days in June the five turned to reading fantastical stories, including Fantasmagoriana (in the French edition), and then devising their own tales. Mary Shelley produced what would become Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus and Polidori was inspired by a fragmentary story of Byron's to produce The Vampyre, the progenitor of the romantic vampire genre. Some parts of Frankenstein are surprisingly similar to those found in Fantasmagoriana and suggest a direct influence upon Mary Shelley's writing.
Though Tales of the Dead was published anonymously, Utterson became known to be the translator by 1820. The Uttersons' copy was bound in blue straight-grain Morocco leather with gilt edges, inserted with a print by Samuel William Reynolds of a portrait of her by Alfred Edward Chalon and six original water colour drawings. It was sold with the library of Frederick Clarke of Wimbledon in 1904 to B. F. Stevens for £3 3s, acquired into the library of Robert Hoe III by 1905 and eventually passed into the Huntington Library.
The stories
The Family Portraits
The story is told through a series of sub-narratives, some nested inside others, within a framing narrative in the third person; it is characterized throughout by mistaken identity and resolves through the tracing of family lineage.
Count Ferdinand Meltheim, a member of the German nobility whose father has just died, is on his way to the carnival to meet Clotilde Hainthal for the first time, the woman his mother wishes him to marry, later revealed to be according to his father's dying wish. Reluctant to meet his intended, he stops at a village for the night and is drawn to a house from which he hears the sound of music, where he joins the company in telling ghost stories. A young woman (later revealed to be Clotilde) tells of a friend called Juliana (Ferdinand's sister, and the fiancée of his college companion), who was killed by a portrait that had terrified her as a child, which fell on her as she showed her fiancé around their house on the day before their marriage.
Ferdinand then tells a story about a friend (in fact himself) who stayed with a college companion and his family during a holiday, and got to know his young twin brothers and sister. The twins were scared by a deathlike portrait of their distant ancestor and founder of their family, called Ditmar, while Emily, the sister, was the only one who felt pity rather than revulsion for him. On the day before the friends were about to leave, the father, Count Wartbourg, hosted a series of amusements for them, and Emily encouraged Ferdinand to return in the autumn; he walked the twins to their room, but couldn't sleep, and after looking out of his window restlessly came to Ditmar's portrait, which terrified him to return to his chamber. Looking out of the window again, he saw a fog coming from the ruined tower in the grounds, in which he made out the form of Ditmar moving silently into the castle. As he checked the bed to make sure the boys were asleep, the ghost appeared at the side of the bed, and kissed the children, making Ferdinand pass out. He mentioned the night's events at breakfast to his host, who, grief-stricken but not surprised, announced that his sons would then die, but refused to explain it to even their brother. Three days after leaving, word reached Ferdinand that they had died, and their father died sometime after, without revealing the secret.
Reminded of Emily by Clotilde, he tries to find out her name, and the next day returns to ask the pastor, in whose house he had spent the previous evening. He is told the description matches Clotilde Hainthal, but is also informed that his college friend, the Count Wartbourg, had died after having the ruined tower pulled down, despite an ancient tradition that the family would survive only as long as the tower stood. Inside the tower, his friend had found a skeleton in female clothing, which he recognised as being the woman in the portrait that had killed Juliana, his betrothed; he passed out on the spot, and died soon after. Ferdinand was also told that Emily was now living with relatives in a castle nearby, and he decides to visit her there. On meeting Emily again, Ferdinand was surprised it was not the young lady he had met the day before, though she and her father arrive, and are introduced as Clotilde and Baron Hainthal. The Baron had been friends with the old Count Wartbourg, and had married his sister, privately told Ferdinand that if the male line of Wartbourg became extinct, as it had, everything would go to Ferdinand, as the direct descendant of Adalbert Meltheim. Shocked that it would not go to Emily, he raised it with her, saying he would pass it on to her rather than allow it to go to her next of kin, and they both declared their love for each other. Ferdinand's mother, however, would not consent to their marriage, as she had promised her late husband that Ferdinand must marry Clotilde; Baron Hainthal asked her to join them at the reading of Ditmar's will, when all would be explained.
Ditmar had accompanied the Holy Roman Emperor Otho to Italy, where he found and became engaged to Bertha of Pavia. However, his rival Bruno Hainthal demanded her of the Emperor as his wife, who had promised Bruno anything in his power. Ditmar was imprisoned for refusing to give her up, until the day of the wedding, when he relented in exchange for the tower he was imprisoned in and a new castle, and he plotted his revenge, building secret passages between the tower, his castle and that of Bruno. Once it was built, he killed Bruno and Bertha's son by kissing him with poison, but spared their daughter; Bruno remarried and divorced Bertha, who became a nun, but fled to the tower to confess her fault of marrying Bruno, and died there. Ditmar, finding her dead, went and attacked Bruno, and left him in the tower to starve. Ditmar was given Bruno's lands, and brought up his daughter with Bertha, who went on to marry Adalbert Meltheim. However, Bertha's ghost appeared to her, and said that she could never rest until one of her female descendants was killed by her (which was fulfilled by the death of Juliana Meltheim) after which the families of Ditmar and Bruno would be united by love. Ditmar was cursed too, and his portrait, painted by Tutilon of the Abbey of Saint Gall, was changed each night to be deathlike. Ditmar explained what he had done, and was absolved, but would remain as a ghost and would administer the kiss of death to every male descendant but one in each generation, until the tower fell down.
As Ferdinand was a descendant of Bruno and Bertha, and Emily was a descendant of Ditmar, Ferdinand's mother accepted that Emily fulfilled the condition of her husband's dying wish (intended to lift the curse described in a parchment attached to Bertha's portrait) and was happy to agree to their marriage. When Ferdinand and Emily had their first child, they all decided that he should be called Ditmar, and the ghostly portrait of his namesake at last faded away.
The Fated Hour
Sisters Maria and Amelia are worried about their friend Florentina who tells them a tale about her dead sister Seraphina. Seraphina would look off dazed for long periods of time. On one occasion Florentina saw Seraphina looking out the window in the garden. When Florentina looked out past her she saw her father and Seraphina walking together. When Florentina embraced her sister the likeness walking with her father in the garden disappeared. Later, Florentina goes to the upper story to get a garment from the wardrobe and comes back much later looking pale. She reveals that while upstairs she encounters an illuminated version of herself (her spirit). The spirit foretells her many things. One is that she will die at nine o'clock, which she does. Next her father, who had talked to Seraphina about her encounter has to leave his job (in a possible scandal) and says to Florentina that her sister's prophecy was right. She had predicted this. And later he becomes ill and tells Florentina that her sister predicted this as well and that at nine he would die, and so he does. Before he dies he tell Florentina that her sister said she would die if she married so he tells her to never marry. Maria and Amelia know that she is to marry a Count and Florentina says that she will die at nine. They see the clock is set to strike nine and Florentina gets up and the door opens by itself and she embraces an illuminated figure of her sister Seraphina and dies as the clock strikes nine, the fated hour.
The Death's Head
Calzolaro (whose real name is Schruster) arrives with his troop of performers at the inn of colonel Keilholm. He has come to the inn because it is in his home town and he is there to see about his inheritance. His father, the schoolmaster, had just died. The pastor informs him that his father disproved of this lifestyle, not following him in becoming a schoolmaster, and gave all his inheritance to a female relative. Calzolaro disputes her claim. Kielholm asks if Calzolaro would perform for the townspeople, especially since he is known to be an expert ventriloquist. He agrees and they set a stage at midnight with a human skull that he can manipulate and thus "talk" to the dead. However, at the performance he spears the skull on his sword and lifts it up to speak to it and collapses. He says that when he lifted the skull he saw the face of his father. They also find the pastor passed out. When the pastor wakes he confesses that he used the actual skull of his father because he heard that children who talked to their parents skulls at midnight would hear from them. Upon speaking to his dead father Calzolaro leaves his troop and becomes a schoolmaster. He drops his contest against the female relative and over time they fall in love and agree to marry. While walking in the garden something brings their hands together and they hear his father's voice say "may God bless your union" and they knew that all would be well.
The Death-Bride
A supposed Italian marquis tells his tale of the Death Bride at a party. Staying with a Count who had twin daughters, Ida and Hildegarde (Hildegarde, only different from her sister by a strawberry birthmark, had died). A Duke, Marino, comes to stay with them wanting to marry Ida. He says he saw her in Paris and fell in love. Her father says she have never been to Paris. The Duke says he saw her and her valet described the Count's villa and where to find it. He also says she had a strawberry birthmark on her neck. The Count say it was Hildegarde and they open her tomb but she is still within. At this time the marquis recognized the count and remembers that he was engaged to another woman. The count won't confess to the family what became of this engagement and as the marquis is fond of telling stories tells a tale to try and get the count to confess. The tale is of Filippo who was betrothed to Clara but later falls for Camilla. Clara kills herself when she is shunned by Filippo. On the wedding day of Camilla and Filippo, he sees Clara sneaking into the chapel and then attacking him. He falls down dead. Marino finally confesses but the wedding proceeds anyway as Ida is in love. The wedding is in Venice and everyone is wearing mask, as it is Carnival. One guest, a woman dressed in such splendid regalia, is suspiciously quiet and the father of Ida, the count, has everyone take off their mask. The woman doesn't and says nothing, points to Marino, and walks out of the room. The count follows but she has disappeared. At the wedding all goes well. Then Ida and the count dance. She gets tired and leaves. But a moment later she comes back, dances with Marino and then leaves with him to their bedchamber. Ida comes back to find everyone has left the reception. She asks where is Marino? Her parents are shocked and say she left with him to the bedchamber. She tells them that she had gone to her sister's room and had fallen asleep until just now. They all rush to the bedchamber and find Marino died on the floor, contorted.
The marquis tours the town and finds out all he can about this Death Bride. She had been a noble lady who had scorned her lover and he had died. When she was to marry her dead lover appeared to her and she later died. Since then she wanders the land in the guise of lovers to temp men away and kills them. This was what had happened to Marino when he saw Hildegarde temping him from his betrothed. The story ends with the police looking for the marquis at the party. He runs out and is never seen from again.
The Storm
A wedding party in eighteenth-century Gascony is held at the château of the bridegroom's uncle. Many people from the surrounding area are invited, including some strangers. The host's daughter Emily befriends one of these, Isabella de Nunez, the widow of a Spanish officer of the Walloon Guards who had recently arrived in Gascony. An extremely heavy thunderstorm arrives, preventing the guests from leaving until the morning. The prospect of this terrifies Isabella, but Emily insists Isabella shares her room. Isabella reluctantly agrees, locks the door, and gets Emily to swear not to tell anyone what is about to happen until after she is dead. As the clock strikes midnight, a carriage is heard arriving despite the storm, followed by footsteps approaching the room, and the locked door opens. Emily soon faints, unable to bear whatever it is that she sees. Isabella leaves early the next morning, but Emily is found unconscious, and is revived by a doctor only to fall seriously ill. She recounts the contents of this story but not Isabella's secret, and dies after only a few days. Isabella also dies soon after, having "expired under circumstances of unexampled horror".
The Spectre-Barber
"The Spectre-Barber" is set in sixteenth century Bremen. A wealthy merchant named Melchior dies suddenly and his son Francis inherits his father's wealth. Francis foolishly squanders his inheritance.
Francis spies a neighbour's daughter, a spinner named Meta, and falls in love with her. With an eye towards regaining fortune and earning Meta's hand in marriage, Francis sells his last possessions, purchases a horse, and sets out on a journey.
On his journey, Francis seeks shelter in a castle, despite rumours that the castle is haunted. In the middle of the night, Francis is awakened and sees the ghost of a barber sharpening his razors. The ghost motions to Francis, who complies and sits in front of the spectre. The spectre "placed the shaving-bib round his neck" and proceeds to remove all hair from Francis's head. Sensing that the spectre wants something, Francis "beckoned the phantom to seat himself in the chair", after which Francis shaves the spectre.
The ghost had been a barber during his life, whose lord would play "all sorts of malicious tricks" on strangers, including preparing a bath for guests, then having the barber shave guests beards and heads closely before suddenly throwing them out "with raillery and ridicule". One victim, a holy man, cursed the ghost to haunt the castle until someone "without being invited or constrained, shall do to you, what you have so long done to others".
In return for Francis having freed the ghost from the curse, the ghost tells Francis to return to Bremen at the Autumn equinox and wait for someone who will tell him what to do. At the appointed day, Francis meets a beggar who tells Francis of a dream in which an "angel stood at the foot of my bed" and told the beggar where to find buried treasure. Francis recognises the location from its description as a garden that had belonged to his father.
Francis re-purchases the garden and discovers the treasure. His fortune restored, Francis proposes marriage to Meta, who accepts.
Later publications
Neither Tales of the Dead nor Fantasmagoriana received second editions during the remainder of the 19th century, and thus remained unavailable for most of the 20th century.
The books were printed anonymously, however, and so the individual stories were reprinted many times in various collections. Horace Welby's 1825 Signs before Death, and Authenticated Apparitions contained "The Storm" under the title "The Midnight Storm: (From the French)", as did William Charlton Wright's The Astrologer of the Nineteenth Century also published that year; Ambrose Marten's 1827 The Stanley Tales, Original and Select contained "The Spectre-Barber", "The Death's Head", "The Death-Bride", "The Fated Hour" and "The Storm"; The Penny Story-Teller for 15 August 1832 contained "The Fated Hour"; Henry Thomas Riley's 1837 The Continental Landscape Annual of European Scenery contained "The Spectre-Barber" under the title "The Merchant of Bremen"; Robert Bell's 1843 The Story-Teller; or, Table-Book of Popular Literature contained "The Spectre-Barber"; the 1840s The Annual Pearl: Or, Gift of Friendship contained "The Storm"; Henry F. Anners' 1851 Flowers of Loveliness: a Token of Remembrance, for 1852 contained "The Death's Head" under the title "The Ventriloquist of Marseilles", which was reprinted in Bernard Bowring's The Cabinet of Literary Gems; George Henry Borrow's 1867 Tales of the Wild and the Wonderful contained "The Spectre-Barber"; L. W. de Laurence's 1918 The Old Book of Magic contained "The Storm" under the title "The Midnight Storm" and more recently, Peter Haining's 1972 Great British Tales of Terror contained "The Spectre Barber".
In 1992, the Gothic Society of London published a new edition, introduced and slightly revised by Dr. Terry Hale (1957–). A second edition was published in 1994, but was only available by mail order. Hale's version received a Greek language translation by Nikos Stampakis as Istories ton Nekron (Ιστορίες των Nεκρών), by publishing house Archetypo-Metaekdotiki during 2003. The Greek edition claims to be the first available in bookstores since the 1810s.
In 2005, the first "full" English translation of Fantasmagoriana was published by Fantasmagoriana Press. This edition included three additional tales that Mrs Utterson had omitted from her translation: translations of "Le Revenant", "La Chambre grise" and "La Chambre noire", which Day gave the titles "The Ghost of the Departed", "The Grey Room" and "The Black Chamber". The book also provided an academic essay by A. J. Day with possible evidence for Mary Shelley's visit to Burg Frankenstein in Germany, prior to the writing of her novel. However, it omits Utterson's translation of the French translator's preface, and reproduces her abridged translation of "L'Amour Muet".
Two of the stories from Tales of the Dead – "The Family Portraits" and "The Death-Bride" – reprinted by permission of Terry Hale as "the two stories from Fantasmagoriana that seem to have made the biggest impression on the Geneva circle", were included in the 2008 edition of The Vampyre and Ernestus Berchtold; or, The Modern Œdipus edited by D. L. Macdonald and Kathleen Scherf.
References
Day. A.J. (editor). Fantasmagoriana: Tales of the Dead (2005)
Hale, Terry (editor). Tales of the Dead: The Ghost Stories which inspired Mary Shelley's 'Frankenstein' (1994)
Notes
External links
1813 short story collections
British short story collections
Horror anthologies
German horror fiction
French horror fiction
British horror fiction
Translations into English
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