Binaryy/baby_lm · Datasets at Hugging Face

0 stringlengths 0 21.4k	__index_level_0__ int64 1 12.5M
On October 6–15, 1952, the 38th Corps fought in the battle for Baengma-goji, a 395-meter hill near the Iron Triangle. During the course of the battle, the hill changed hands 24 times after repeated attacks and counterattacks for its possession. It was the most intense position-grasping battle for a small hill during the course of the Korean War. The 112th and 114th Divisions under the command of General Gang Ong-hwi were selected as the main force to capture Baengma-goji, and the 113th Division was to replenish the losses of the main force. The 38th Corps committed five regiments out of its total of nine regiments and sustained a total of 5,372 casualties (1,748 dead ,3062 wounded and 562 missing), while the 9th Division of South Korea suffered a total of 3,422 casualties (505 dead, 2,562 injured and 391 missing), plus over 400 more casualties in the 1st Battalion of the 30th Regiment. The American Fifth Air Force made a total of 745 sorties and poured more than 2,700 bombs of various kinds, together with over 358 napalm bombs, onto the hill. Chinese forces rained no less than 55,000 shells during the nine-day battle period, and the South Korean forces fired over 185,000 bombs. The 38th Corps, after having been replaced by the 23rd Corps, had to withdraw to the rear.	12,463,701
In the Korean war 6,772 soldiers serving in the 38th corps were killed, among them 599 were killed in First Phase Battle, 415 were killed in Second Phase Battle (Ch'ongch'on River sector), 247 were killed in Third Phase Battle(Seoul sector), 3,359 were killed in Fourth Phase Battle and 1,748 were killed in Battle of the White Horse Hill.	12,463,702
The 38th Corps returned to China in 1953, remaining in Manchuria to reinforce the Fourth Field Army. In 1967, during the Cultural Revolution, the 38th was relocated to the Hebei area to replace the 65th Corps. In 1968 the 38th was involved in clashes with elements of the Hebei Military District over differences in revolutionary fervor.	12,463,703
The 38th Corps reformed into 38th Combined Corps in 1985.	12,463,704
In 1989 during the students' protest, the 38th Combined Corps was one of the main units ordered to crush the protests and impose martial law on Beijing. However, because of its close connections with the population of the nearby capital, and the fact that many students had served in the unit before attending university and that some students had performed summer training with the 38th as members of the army reserve, the unit was reluctant to comply. The 38th, under the command of General Xu Qinxian (徐勤先), refused to use force against the students when martial law was declared, and was reported to have been in a tense stand-off with the 27th Combined Corps and other units which held the city in the days immediately following the bloody crackdown.	12,463,705
The 82nd is currently one of the three group armies in active service belonging to the Central Theater Command. It is one of the best equipped and trained group armies in China today, and is given the task of guarding the national capital of Beijing. It also serves as a testbed for the latest equipment and doctrines developed by the PLA.	12,463,706
An unidentified mechanized division (probably from the 38th Group Army) conducted an opposed force exercise in mid-August 2002. It is believed that the exercise may have taken place at the MR CAT Base near the Great Wall. The unit used more than ten new systems including new mine clearing vehicles, infantry fighting vehicles and tanks. The unit is reported to be one of the first mechanized infantry divisions in the PLA.	12,463,707
According to the December 2002 PLA Activities Report, the Mechanized Air Defense Brigade (Unit 66440) assigned to the 38th Combined Corps recently improved its tactics and methods of defending against cruise missile attacks. This consisted of improving the units fire-control systems and detection capabilities.	12,463,708
The Mechanized Air-Defense Brigade, Unit 66440, has reportedly retrofitted its field command modules to provide command platforms with geographic information, air service information, battlefield monitoring and digital transmission, enhancing the units command and control capability and ability to conduct accurate air defense. The unit conducted several exercises in 2002 including a live-fire exercise.	12,463,709
Over the course of the 2003 reductions cycle, Dennis Blasko estimates that the 114th Mechanised Infantry Division was dropped from the force.	12,463,710
Before the 2017 reform, the formation consists of:	12,463,711
After the 2017 reform, the formation consists of:	12,463,712
	12,463,713
= = = Liberian Girl Guides Association = = =	12,463,714
	12,463,715
The Liberian Girl Guides Association is the national Guiding organization of Liberia. It serves 6,425 members (as of 2015). Founded in 1920, the girls-only organization became a full member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts in 1928 and again in 1966 after a hiatus.	12,463,716
The Girl Guide emblem incorporates elements of the coat of arms of Liberia.	12,463,717
	12,463,718
= = = Baileyville, Illinois = = =	12,463,719
	12,463,720
Baileyville is an unincorporated community in Ogle County, Illinois, and is located west of Rockford.	12,463,721
The community was named after O. Bailey, a pioneer citizen.	12,463,722
	12,463,723
= = = Gerry Gazzard = = =	12,463,724
	12,463,725
Gerald Gazzard (15 March 1925 – 29 September 2006) was an English footballer who played for West Ham United and Brentford.	12,463,726
Gazzard was born in Cinderford, Gloucestershire and having previously played as an amateur for Penzance, and made 20 appearances for the County of Cornwall XI, Gazzard signed pro forms at West Ham United in May 1949. He made his debut on the first day of the 1949–50 season, against Luton Town, and played in a total of 37 games that season. He played in 41 games in 1950–51, one game short of being an ever-present.	12,463,727
Gazzard moved to Brentford in 1954, after sustaining a cartilage injury and losing his first team place to John Dick. He later returned to Penzance as an amateur.	12,463,728
His two sons, Paul and Roger, also played for Penzance, and grandson Carl is a former county cricketer for Somerset.	12,463,729
	12,463,730
= = = Diving at the 1948 Summer Olympics – Men's 10 metre platform = = =	12,463,731
	12,463,732
The men's 10 metre platform, also reported as "highboard diving", was one of four diving events on the diving at the 1948 Summer Olympics programme.	12,463,733
The competition was held on Tuesday August 3, on Wednesday August 4, and on Thursday August 5. It split into two sets of dives:	12,463,734
Twenty-five divers from 15 nations competed.	12,463,735
	12,463,736
= = = Chana, Illinois = = =	12,463,737
	12,463,738
Chana is an unincorporated community in Ogle County, Illinois, United States, and is located southeast of Oregon.	12,463,739
	12,463,740
= = = Quo Vadis? (miniseries) = = =	12,463,741
	12,463,742
Quo Vadis? is a 1985 international television miniseries made by Radiotelevisione Italiana, Antenne 2, Polyphon Film-und Fernsehgesellschaft, Channel 4 Television, TVE and Televisione Svizzera Italiana (TSI). It was directed by Franco Rossi and produced by Elio Scardamaglia and Francesco Scardamaglia. The script was by Ennio De Concini based on the novel "Quo Vadis" by Henryk Sienkiewicz.	12,463,743
The series lasts six hours and was originally shown in six one-hour episodes.	12,463,744
	12,463,745
= = = RJ Jimenez = = =	12,463,746
	12,463,747
Ryan Jay Jimenez (born September 17, 1983), better known as RJ Jimenez, is a Filipino singer and guitarist and former scholar of "Pinoy Dream Academy".	12,463,748
Jimenez was born on September 17, 1983 in Pasig City. He graduated Electronics and Communications Engineering at the University of Santo Tomas.	12,463,749
	12,463,750
= = = Harlan and Hollingsworth = = =	12,463,751
	12,463,752
Harlan & Hollingsworth was a Wilmington, Delaware, firm that constructed ships and railroad cars during the 19th century and into the 20th century.	12,463,753
Mahlon Betts, a carpenter, arrived in Wilmington in 1812. After helping construct many prominent buildings in the city, Betts branched out into foundry work in 1821. In 1836, Betts partnered with Samuel Pusey (a machinist) and began manufacturing railcars at a plant on West and Water Streets in Wilmington. The next year, cabinetmaker Samuel Harlan joined the firm, then known as Betts, Pusey & Harlan. By 1839, the company claimed to have manufactured 39 passenger and 28 freight cars over the previous two years. The next year, they hired Jacob F. Sharp, a former house carpenter, to build railroad cars. He would rise to become foreman at the plant, and eventually co-founded the rival firm of Jackson and Sharp.	12,463,754
In 1841, Elijah Hollingsworth, brother-in-law of Harlan, bought out Pusey, and the firm became known as Betts, Harlan & Hollingsworth. Pusey later formed competing Pusey and Jones. In 1849 Mahlon Betts withdrew from the firm, which became simply Harlan & Hollingsworth; J. Taylor Gause was admitted as a partner in 1858, and the company became known as Harlan, Hollingsworth & Co..	12,463,755
Harlan & Hollingsworth's experience with railcars and other ironwork led them to become early experimenters in iron shipbuilding. In 1842 the company hired Alexander Kelly to supervise all the millwright work. In 1843, under the encouragement of Samual Harlan, the company started engaging in marine engine building and repair. Their first ship-related project was repairing the cylinder and other machine parts of the steamboat "Sun". This small step was the beginning of what would become one of the first iron shipyards in the United States.	12,463,756
Harlan & Hollingsworth's expanded slowly but steadily into iron shipbuilding. Only nine ships were built between 1841 and 1851, with most of the company time taken with railroad car building and general repair work. In 1843 the company leased a launching berth on the banks of the Christiana River. The facilities at this property were limited, so all the work forming iron plates, bars, and fasteners was done at their main shop on Front and West Streets. The launch slipway was 200 feet long and could only accommodate vessels of 600 tons maximum, but this was deemed adequate for the needs of the time.	12,463,757
The first two hulls built by the company, the "Ashland" and "Ocean", were two of the earliest iron steamboats to be constructed in the United States. They were delivered to George Aspinwall of Philadelphia in 1844. That same year the company built the "Bangor", which is credited with being the first seagoing iron propellor steamship built in the United States.	12,463,758
By the early 1850s the company began to rely less on wood ship or railcar building for its income. Machine shops, office buildings, wharves, carpenter sheds, boiler shops, blacksmith shops and cranes were added in the first five years of the decade. As the firm's reputation grew, more orders for steamboats came in from across the country. Charles Morgan, a New York shipping magnate, purchased his first ship from Harlan in 1856. Morgan would eventually become one of the largest customers for Harlan & Hollingsworth, ordering over 31 vessels by 1878.	12,463,759
This chart give an indication of the economic progress of the company from 1836 to 1860:	12,463,760
Harlan and Hollingsworth was, by the time of the American Civil War, the dominant iron shipbuilder in Wilmington, and the most prolific iron shipbuilder in the United States. By 1860 the company had built 75 iron hulls, mostly steamships along with a handful of barges. (Brown, 1951) During the Civil War the company won contracts for the construction of three monitors for the government ("Patapsco", "Saugus", and "Napa"). The Navy, however, ordered many last-minute design changes to these vessels resulting in delays while the changes were incorporated into the construction. The extra expenses incurred reduced profits, and as a result the company became reluctant to bid on government contracts. In 1863, Jacob Sharp left their employ to form Jackson & Sharp, another car-building firm, with Job Jackson.	12,463,761
In 1866 Elijah Hollingsworth died in a shipyard accident. His death greatly affected Samuel Harlan, so that shortly thereafter the partnership was dissolved and the enterprise incorporated as The Harlan & Hollingsworth Company. Harlan & Hollingsworth thrived despite competition from Jackson & Sharp and other Wilmington yards, in part because of their diversified production of railroad car building and shipbuilding. However, the Panic of 1873 and the death of Charles Morgan (their largest customer) induced the company to undertake government contracts again. These included the construction of the sloop "Ranger" and the long (16 year) construction of the <nowiki>"New Navy"</nowiki> monitor "USS Amphitrite (BM-2)". Despite this experience Harlan & Hollingsworth constructed three more torpedo boat destroyers for the Navy, the "Stringham", "Hull", and "Hopkins".	12,463,762
Other notable vessels built by Harlan & Hollingsworth include "Mischief", winner of the fourth America's Cup in 1881. Another notable vessel they built in 1887 was the Yampa, which lead to other ships built for the German Emperor William II.	12,463,763
The company followed Jackson & Sharp into narrow gauge car building, but were not in the forefront of steel car construction. In the 1880s orders for ferries and coastal steamships started picking up again, so much that by the end of the 19th century, the company was the largest employer in Wilmington. In 1896-1897 they built the "Catawissa"; it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. Also on the National Register is the "Rosinco", built by Harlan and Hollingsworth in 1916.	12,463,764
On December 10, 1904, the company was acquired by Bethlehem Steel and operated as part of their shipbuilding division. The name changed from Harlan & Hollingsworth to the Harlan Plant of Bethlehem Steel. The shipyard closed in 1926, although it was reopened for a time during the Second World War and part of the shipyard was used by the Dravo Corporation until 1964. Railcars were built on the site until 1940, and parts for railroad cars until 1944. Most of the company's buildings have been demolished for new development, but the office building survives and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.	12,463,765
	12,463,766
= = = Dorothy Scarborough = = =	12,463,767
	12,463,768
Emily Dorothy Scarborough (January 27, 1878 – November 7, 1935) was an American writer who wrote about Texas, folk culture, cotton farming, ghost stories and women's life in the Southwest.	12,463,769
Scarborough was born in Mount Carmel, Texas. At the age of four she moved to Sweetwater, Texas for her mother's health, as her mother needed the drier climate. The family soon left Sweetwater in 1887, so that the Scarborough children could get a good education at Baylor College.	12,463,770
Even though Scarborough's writings are identified with Texas, she studied at University of Chicago and Oxford University and beginning in 1916 taught literature at Columbia University.	12,463,771
While receiving her PhD from Columbia, she wrote a dissertation, "The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction (1917)". Sylvia Ann Grider writes in a critical introduction the dissertation "was so widely acclaimed by her professors and colleagues that it was published and it has become a basic reference work."	12,463,772
Dorothy Scarborough came in contact with many writers in New York, including Edna Ferber and Vachel Lindsay. She taught creative writing classes at Columbia. Among her creative writing students were Eric Walrond, and Carson McCullers, who took her first college writing class from Scarborough.	12,463,773
Her most critically acclaimed book, "The Wind" (first published anonymously in 1925), was later made into a film of the same name starring Lillian Gish.	12,463,774
Biographical Essay on the Handbook of Texas Online	12,463,775
Foreword to "The Wind" by Sylvia Ann Grider, Barker Texas History Center series, University of Texas Press, 1979.	12,463,776
	12,463,777
= = = Harlan and Hollingsworth Office Building = = =	12,463,778
	12,463,779
The Harlan and Hollingsworth Office Building is a historic office building located in Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware. It was completed in 1912, and stands on the corner of West St. and the Wilmington Rail Viaduct. It is a three-story, detached, rectangular brick-faced building with two small rear wings in the Colonial Revival style. It features two large, decorated copper-faced bay windows projecting from each face of the right corner of the second story.	12,463,780
By 1910, existing office facilities at the Harlan Plant of Bethlehem Steel (formerly Harlan and Hollingsworth) had become inadequate, and work started on a new office building. It survived the closing of the Harlan Plant in 1944, and once housed laboratories for Gates Engineering Company. The building was purchased by 100 South West Street Associates in 1991 and restored.	12,463,781
It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.	12,463,782
	12,463,783
= = = Battle of Bukoba = = =	12,463,784
	12,463,785
The Battle of Bukoba was the first victory for Entente forces in German East Africa, coming after the disastrous battles of Tanga and Jassin. The British objective was the destruction of the Bukoba wireless station. Due to Bukoba's location on the shore of Lake Victoria, it was decided that the raid should take the form of an amphibious assault.	12,463,786
The raid was launched from Kisumu in British East Africa on 21 June 1915. Amongst the units chosen for the attack were the Loyal North Lancashire Regiment and the 25th (Frontiersmen) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers, more commonly known by their nickname the 25th 'Frontiersmen'. This unusual unit had been created by Colonel Daniel Patrick Driscoll as an irregular skirmish force shaped by his experiences during the Second Boer War, and drawn largely from his peacetime paramilitary group, the Legion of Frontiersmen. A number of big game hunters were recruited to the force by Driscoll—most notably Frederick Selous, who was 64 when he joined and who died in action at the age of 65.	12,463,787
Upon reaching the objective at Bukoba the attackers were accidentally landed in a large swamp and were pinned down by fierce rifle and machine gun fire from the German positions. Finally managing to escape the swamp, the British force was then stalled by snipers. The attack continued for a further two days in the town; however, casualties were light on both sides. The Frontiersmen took the town on 23 June. An Australian member of the unit, Lieutenant Wilbur Dartnell, climbed to the top of the town hall and removed the German Imperial Ensign from the flagpole as a symbolic gesture of victory.	12,463,788
Bukoba fort and the wireless station were destroyed, the British also captured hundreds of rifles and 32,000 rounds of ammunition. Due to their status as an 'irregular' unit, the Frontiersmen were granted permission to loot the town by General Stewart. This predictably turned into a disaster, with the 25th robbing, raping and burning much of the town with such ferocity that the incident became known as the "Sack of Bukoba". It was later claimed by an embarrassed high command that no looting had taken place.	12,463,789
The aim of the raid, the destruction of the wireless station, was counterproductive for the British as it deprived them of the possibility of intercepting German transmissions. Bukoba was abandoned.	12,463,790
After the battle, the 25th Battalion was ordered to guard the Uganda Railway between Nairobi and Mombasa, which was coming under heavy attack from German forces. During this period Wilbur Dartnell was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for an action which took place near Maktau on 3 September 1915.	12,463,791
The citation for Dartnell's VC	12,463,792
"On 3 September 1915, near Maktau, Kenya, during a mounted infantry engagement, the enemy were so close that it was impossible to get the more severely wounded away. Lieutenant Dartnell, who was himself being carried away wounded in the leg, seeing the situation, and knowing that the enemy's black troops murdered the wounded, insisted on being left behind, in the hope of being able to save the lives of other wounded men. He gave his own life in a gallant attempt to save others."	12,463,793
	12,463,794
= = = Powelliphanta hochstetteri anatokiensis = = =	12,463,795
	12,463,796
Powelliphanta hochstetteri anatokiensis, known as one of the amber snails, is a subspecies of large, carnivorous land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Rhytididae.	12,463,797
"Powelliphanta hochstetteri anatokiensis" is classified by the New Zealand Department of Conservation as being in "Gradual Decline".	12,463,798
Shape of the eggs is oval and seldom constant in dimensions 9.5 × 7, 8.5 × 6, 12 × 10.5, 12 × 10, 12.5 × 10.5 mm.	12,463,799
	12,463,800

On October 6–15, 1952, the 38th Corps fought in the battle for Baengma-goji, a 395-meter hill near the Iron Triangle. During the course of the battle, the hill changed hands 24 times after repeated attacks and counterattacks for its possession. It was the most intense position-grasping battle for a small hill during the course of the Korean War. The 112th and 114th Divisions under the command of General Gang Ong-hwi were selected as the main force to capture Baengma-goji, and the 113th Division was to replenish the losses of the main force. The 38th Corps committed five regiments out of its total of nine regiments and sustained a total of 5,372 casualties (1,748 dead ,3062 wounded and 562 missing), while the 9th Division of South Korea suffered a total of 3,422 casualties (505 dead, 2,562 injured and 391 missing), plus over 400 more casualties in the 1st Battalion of the 30th Regiment. The American Fifth Air Force made a total of 745 sorties and poured more than 2,700 bombs of various kinds, together with over 358 napalm bombs, onto the hill. Chinese forces rained no less than 55,000 shells during the nine-day battle period, and the South Korean forces fired over 185,000 bombs. The 38th Corps, after having been replaced by the 23rd Corps, had to withdraw to the rear.

12,463,701

In the Korean war 6,772 soldiers serving in the 38th corps were killed, among them 599 were killed in First Phase Battle, 415 were killed in Second Phase Battle (Ch'ongch'on River sector), 247 were killed in Third Phase Battle(Seoul sector), 3,359 were killed in Fourth Phase Battle and 1,748 were killed in Battle of the White Horse Hill.

12,463,702

The 38th Corps returned to China in 1953, remaining in Manchuria to reinforce the Fourth Field Army. In 1967, during the Cultural Revolution, the 38th was relocated to the Hebei area to replace the 65th Corps. In 1968 the 38th was involved in clashes with elements of the Hebei Military District over differences in revolutionary fervor.

12,463,703

The 38th Corps reformed into 38th Combined Corps in 1985.

12,463,704

In 1989 during the students' protest, the 38th Combined Corps was one of the main units ordered to crush the protests and impose martial law on Beijing. However, because of its close connections with the population of the nearby capital, and the fact that many students had served in the unit before attending university and that some students had performed summer training with the 38th as members of the army reserve, the unit was reluctant to comply. The 38th, under the command of General Xu Qinxian (徐勤先), refused to use force against the students when martial law was declared, and was reported to have been in a tense stand-off with the 27th Combined Corps and other units which held the city in the days immediately following the bloody crackdown.

12,463,705

The 82nd is currently one of the three group armies in active service belonging to the Central Theater Command. It is one of the best equipped and trained group armies in China today, and is given the task of guarding the national capital of Beijing. It also serves as a testbed for the latest equipment and doctrines developed by the PLA.

12,463,706

An unidentified mechanized division (probably from the 38th Group Army) conducted an opposed force exercise in mid-August 2002. It is believed that the exercise may have taken place at the MR CAT Base near the Great Wall. The unit used more than ten new systems including new mine clearing vehicles, infantry fighting vehicles and tanks. The unit is reported to be one of the first mechanized infantry divisions in the PLA.

12,463,707

According to the December 2002 PLA Activities Report, the Mechanized Air Defense Brigade (Unit 66440) assigned to the 38th Combined Corps recently improved its tactics and methods of defending against cruise missile attacks. This consisted of improving the units fire-control systems and detection capabilities.

12,463,708

The Mechanized Air-Defense Brigade, Unit 66440, has reportedly retrofitted its field command modules to provide command platforms with geographic information, air service information, battlefield monitoring and digital transmission, enhancing the units command and control capability and ability to conduct accurate air defense. The unit conducted several exercises in 2002 including a live-fire exercise.

12,463,709

Over the course of the 2003 reductions cycle, Dennis Blasko estimates that the 114th Mechanised Infantry Division was dropped from the force.

12,463,710

Before the 2017 reform, the formation consists of:

12,463,711

After the 2017 reform, the formation consists of:

12,463,712

12,463,713

= = = Liberian Girl Guides Association = = =

12,463,714

12,463,715

The Liberian Girl Guides Association is the national Guiding organization of Liberia. It serves 6,425 members (as of 2015). Founded in 1920, the girls-only organization became a full member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts in 1928 and again in 1966 after a hiatus.

12,463,716

The Girl Guide emblem incorporates elements of the coat of arms of Liberia.

12,463,717

12,463,718

= = = Baileyville, Illinois = = =

12,463,719

12,463,720

Baileyville is an unincorporated community in Ogle County, Illinois, and is located west of Rockford.

12,463,721

The community was named after O. Bailey, a pioneer citizen.

12,463,722

12,463,723

= = = Gerry Gazzard = = =

12,463,724

12,463,725

Gerald Gazzard (15 March 1925 – 29 September 2006) was an English footballer who played for West Ham United and Brentford.

12,463,726

Gazzard was born in Cinderford, Gloucestershire and having previously played as an amateur for Penzance, and made 20 appearances for the County of Cornwall XI, Gazzard signed pro forms at West Ham United in May 1949. He made his debut on the first day of the 1949–50 season, against Luton Town, and played in a total of 37 games that season. He played in 41 games in 1950–51, one game short of being an ever-present.

12,463,727

Gazzard moved to Brentford in 1954, after sustaining a cartilage injury and losing his first team place to John Dick. He later returned to Penzance as an amateur.

12,463,728

His two sons, Paul and Roger, also played for Penzance, and grandson Carl is a former county cricketer for Somerset.

12,463,729

12,463,730

= = = Diving at the 1948 Summer Olympics – Men's 10 metre platform = = =

12,463,731

12,463,732

The men's 10 metre platform, also reported as "highboard diving", was one of four diving events on the diving at the 1948 Summer Olympics programme.

12,463,733

The competition was held on Tuesday August 3, on Wednesday August 4, and on Thursday August 5. It split into two sets of dives:

12,463,734

Twenty-five divers from 15 nations competed.

12,463,735

12,463,736

= = = Chana, Illinois = = =

12,463,737

12,463,738

Chana is an unincorporated community in Ogle County, Illinois, United States, and is located southeast of Oregon.

12,463,739

12,463,740

= = = Quo Vadis? (miniseries) = = =

12,463,741

12,463,742

Quo Vadis? is a 1985 international television miniseries made by Radiotelevisione Italiana, Antenne 2, Polyphon Film-und Fernsehgesellschaft, Channel 4 Television, TVE and Televisione Svizzera Italiana (TSI). It was directed by Franco Rossi and produced by Elio Scardamaglia and Francesco Scardamaglia. The script was by Ennio De Concini based on the novel "Quo Vadis" by Henryk Sienkiewicz.

12,463,743

The series lasts six hours and was originally shown in six one-hour episodes.

12,463,744

12,463,745

= = = RJ Jimenez = = =

12,463,746

12,463,747

Ryan Jay Jimenez (born September 17, 1983), better known as RJ Jimenez, is a Filipino singer and guitarist and former scholar of "Pinoy Dream Academy".

12,463,748

Jimenez was born on September 17, 1983 in Pasig City. He graduated Electronics and Communications Engineering at the University of Santo Tomas.

12,463,749

12,463,750

= = = Harlan and Hollingsworth = = =

12,463,751

12,463,752

Harlan & Hollingsworth was a Wilmington, Delaware, firm that constructed ships and railroad cars during the 19th century and into the 20th century.

12,463,753

Mahlon Betts, a carpenter, arrived in Wilmington in 1812. After helping construct many prominent buildings in the city, Betts branched out into foundry work in 1821. In 1836, Betts partnered with Samuel Pusey (a machinist) and began manufacturing railcars at a plant on West and Water Streets in Wilmington. The next year, cabinetmaker Samuel Harlan joined the firm, then known as Betts, Pusey & Harlan. By 1839, the company claimed to have manufactured 39 passenger and 28 freight cars over the previous two years. The next year, they hired Jacob F. Sharp, a former house carpenter, to build railroad cars. He would rise to become foreman at the plant, and eventually co-founded the rival firm of Jackson and Sharp.

12,463,754

In 1841, Elijah Hollingsworth, brother-in-law of Harlan, bought out Pusey, and the firm became known as Betts, Harlan & Hollingsworth. Pusey later formed competing Pusey and Jones. In 1849 Mahlon Betts withdrew from the firm, which became simply Harlan & Hollingsworth; J. Taylor Gause was admitted as a partner in 1858, and the company became known as Harlan, Hollingsworth & Co..

12,463,755

Harlan & Hollingsworth's experience with railcars and other ironwork led them to become early experimenters in iron shipbuilding. In 1842 the company hired Alexander Kelly to supervise all the millwright work. In 1843, under the encouragement of Samual Harlan, the company started engaging in marine engine building and repair. Their first ship-related project was repairing the cylinder and other machine parts of the steamboat "Sun". This small step was the beginning of what would become one of the first iron shipyards in the United States.

12,463,756

Harlan & Hollingsworth's expanded slowly but steadily into iron shipbuilding. Only nine ships were built between 1841 and 1851, with most of the company time taken with railroad car building and general repair work. In 1843 the company leased a launching berth on the banks of the Christiana River. The facilities at this property were limited, so all the work forming iron plates, bars, and fasteners was done at their main shop on Front and West Streets. The launch slipway was 200 feet long and could only accommodate vessels of 600 tons maximum, but this was deemed adequate for the needs of the time.

12,463,757

The first two hulls built by the company, the "Ashland" and "Ocean", were two of the earliest iron steamboats to be constructed in the United States. They were delivered to George Aspinwall of Philadelphia in 1844. That same year the company built the "Bangor", which is credited with being the first seagoing iron propellor steamship built in the United States.

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By the early 1850s the company began to rely less on wood ship or railcar building for its income. Machine shops, office buildings, wharves, carpenter sheds, boiler shops, blacksmith shops and cranes were added in the first five years of the decade. As the firm's reputation grew, more orders for steamboats came in from across the country. Charles Morgan, a New York shipping magnate, purchased his first ship from Harlan in 1856. Morgan would eventually become one of the largest customers for Harlan & Hollingsworth, ordering over 31 vessels by 1878.

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This chart give an indication of the economic progress of the company from 1836 to 1860:

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Harlan and Hollingsworth was, by the time of the American Civil War, the dominant iron shipbuilder in Wilmington, and the most prolific iron shipbuilder in the United States. By 1860 the company had built 75 iron hulls, mostly steamships along with a handful of barges. (Brown, 1951) During the Civil War the company won contracts for the construction of three monitors for the government ("Patapsco", "Saugus", and "Napa"). The Navy, however, ordered many last-minute design changes to these vessels resulting in delays while the changes were incorporated into the construction. The extra expenses incurred reduced profits, and as a result the company became reluctant to bid on government contracts. In 1863, Jacob Sharp left their employ to form Jackson & Sharp, another car-building firm, with Job Jackson.

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In 1866 Elijah Hollingsworth died in a shipyard accident. His death greatly affected Samuel Harlan, so that shortly thereafter the partnership was dissolved and the enterprise incorporated as The Harlan & Hollingsworth Company. Harlan & Hollingsworth thrived despite competition from Jackson & Sharp and other Wilmington yards, in part because of their diversified production of railroad car building and shipbuilding. However, the Panic of 1873 and the death of Charles Morgan (their largest customer) induced the company to undertake government contracts again. These included the construction of the sloop "Ranger" and the long (16 year) construction of the <nowiki>"New Navy"</nowiki> monitor "USS Amphitrite (BM-2)". Despite this experience Harlan & Hollingsworth constructed three more torpedo boat destroyers for the Navy, the "Stringham", "Hull", and "Hopkins".

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Other notable vessels built by Harlan & Hollingsworth include "Mischief", winner of the fourth America's Cup in 1881. Another notable vessel they built in 1887 was the Yampa, which lead to other ships built for the German Emperor William II.

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The company followed Jackson & Sharp into narrow gauge car building, but were not in the forefront of steel car construction. In the 1880s orders for ferries and coastal steamships started picking up again, so much that by the end of the 19th century, the company was the largest employer in Wilmington. In 1896-1897 they built the "Catawissa"; it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. Also on the National Register is the "Rosinco", built by Harlan and Hollingsworth in 1916.

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On December 10, 1904, the company was acquired by Bethlehem Steel and operated as part of their shipbuilding division. The name changed from Harlan & Hollingsworth to the Harlan Plant of Bethlehem Steel. The shipyard closed in 1926, although it was reopened for a time during the Second World War and part of the shipyard was used by the Dravo Corporation until 1964. Railcars were built on the site until 1940, and parts for railroad cars until 1944. Most of the company's buildings have been demolished for new development, but the office building survives and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

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= = = Dorothy Scarborough = = =

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Emily Dorothy Scarborough (January 27, 1878 – November 7, 1935) was an American writer who wrote about Texas, folk culture, cotton farming, ghost stories and women's life in the Southwest.

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Scarborough was born in Mount Carmel, Texas. At the age of four she moved to Sweetwater, Texas for her mother's health, as her mother needed the drier climate. The family soon left Sweetwater in 1887, so that the Scarborough children could get a good education at Baylor College.

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Even though Scarborough's writings are identified with Texas, she studied at University of Chicago and Oxford University and beginning in 1916 taught literature at Columbia University.

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While receiving her PhD from Columbia, she wrote a dissertation, "The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction (1917)". Sylvia Ann Grider writes in a critical introduction the dissertation "was so widely acclaimed by her professors and colleagues that it was published and it has become a basic reference work."

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Dorothy Scarborough came in contact with many writers in New York, including Edna Ferber and Vachel Lindsay. She taught creative writing classes at Columbia. Among her creative writing students were Eric Walrond, and Carson McCullers, who took her first college writing class from Scarborough.

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Her most critically acclaimed book, "The Wind" (first published anonymously in 1925), was later made into a film of the same name starring Lillian Gish.

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Biographical Essay on the Handbook of Texas Online

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Foreword to "The Wind" by Sylvia Ann Grider, Barker Texas History Center series, University of Texas Press, 1979.

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= = = Harlan and Hollingsworth Office Building = = =

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The Harlan and Hollingsworth Office Building is a historic office building located in Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware. It was completed in 1912, and stands on the corner of West St. and the Wilmington Rail Viaduct. It is a three-story, detached, rectangular brick-faced building with two small rear wings in the Colonial Revival style. It features two large, decorated copper-faced bay windows projecting from each face of the right corner of the second story.

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By 1910, existing office facilities at the Harlan Plant of Bethlehem Steel (formerly Harlan and Hollingsworth) had become inadequate, and work started on a new office building. It survived the closing of the Harlan Plant in 1944, and once housed laboratories for Gates Engineering Company. The building was purchased by 100 South West Street Associates in 1991 and restored.

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It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

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= = = Battle of Bukoba = = =

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The Battle of Bukoba was the first victory for Entente forces in German East Africa, coming after the disastrous battles of Tanga and Jassin. The British objective was the destruction of the Bukoba wireless station. Due to Bukoba's location on the shore of Lake Victoria, it was decided that the raid should take the form of an amphibious assault.

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The raid was launched from Kisumu in British East Africa on 21 June 1915. Amongst the units chosen for the attack were the Loyal North Lancashire Regiment and the 25th (Frontiersmen) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers, more commonly known by their nickname the 25th 'Frontiersmen'. This unusual unit had been created by Colonel Daniel Patrick Driscoll as an irregular skirmish force shaped by his experiences during the Second Boer War, and drawn largely from his peacetime paramilitary group, the Legion of Frontiersmen. A number of big game hunters were recruited to the force by Driscoll—most notably Frederick Selous, who was 64 when he joined and who died in action at the age of 65.

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Upon reaching the objective at Bukoba the attackers were accidentally landed in a large swamp and were pinned down by fierce rifle and machine gun fire from the German positions. Finally managing to escape the swamp, the British force was then stalled by snipers. The attack continued for a further two days in the town; however, casualties were light on both sides. The Frontiersmen took the town on 23 June. An Australian member of the unit, Lieutenant Wilbur Dartnell, climbed to the top of the town hall and removed the German Imperial Ensign from the flagpole as a symbolic gesture of victory.

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Bukoba fort and the wireless station were destroyed, the British also captured hundreds of rifles and 32,000 rounds of ammunition. Due to their status as an 'irregular' unit, the Frontiersmen were granted permission to loot the town by General Stewart. This predictably turned into a disaster, with the 25th robbing, raping and burning much of the town with such ferocity that the incident became known as the "Sack of Bukoba". It was later claimed by an embarrassed high command that no looting had taken place.

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The aim of the raid, the destruction of the wireless station, was counterproductive for the British as it deprived them of the possibility of intercepting German transmissions. Bukoba was abandoned.

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After the battle, the 25th Battalion was ordered to guard the Uganda Railway between Nairobi and Mombasa, which was coming under heavy attack from German forces. During this period Wilbur Dartnell was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for an action which took place near Maktau on 3 September 1915.

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The citation for Dartnell's VC

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"On 3 September 1915, near Maktau, Kenya, during a mounted infantry engagement, the enemy were so close that it was impossible to get the more severely wounded away. Lieutenant Dartnell, who was himself being carried away wounded in the leg, seeing the situation, and knowing that the enemy's black troops murdered the wounded, insisted on being left behind, in the hope of being able to save the lives of other wounded men. He gave his own life in a gallant attempt to save others."

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= = = Powelliphanta hochstetteri anatokiensis = = =

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Powelliphanta hochstetteri anatokiensis, known as one of the amber snails, is a subspecies of large, carnivorous land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Rhytididae.

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"Powelliphanta hochstetteri anatokiensis" is classified by the New Zealand Department of Conservation as being in "Gradual Decline".

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Shape of the eggs is oval and seldom constant in dimensions 9.5 × 7, 8.5 × 6, 12 × 10.5, 12 × 10, 12.5 × 10.5 mm.

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