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Number of CFU-C in wild type and Sl/Sl E9.5 and E11.5 YS. E9.5 data (mean±SD) are from 3 wild type and 2 Sl/Sl biological replicates plated in duplicate, with each replicate consisting of single or 2 pooled YS of the same genotype. Total number of analyzed embryos: 5 +/+ (17-23sp), 3 Sl/Sl (17-25sp) over 2 independent experiments. For E11.5, data are from 4 wild type and 6 Sl/Sl biological replicates plated in duplicate, with each replicate consisting of single or 2 pooled YSs of the same genotype. Total number of embryos analyzed: 6 +/+, 7 Sl/Sl over 4 independent experiments. GEMM: granulocyte, erythroid, monocyte/macrophage, megakaryocyte; G/M/GM: granulocyte, monocyte/macrophage; Ery: erythroid.
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Percentage of EdU+ Tomato+ keratinocytes after blocking with anti-TSLP. Anti-TSLP neutralizes the hyper-proliferation of non-mutantTom KCs in vitro after infection with Ad-cre.
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(N) Experimental plan for extravasation setting. GFP-expressing 4T1 were injected intravenously into Balb/c mice pre-conditioned with glufosinate (10mg/kg) or vehicle for 2 days. After 2 days of treatment, the overall lung metastatic breast cancer cell burden was determined.
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(a) The maturation of autophagosomes is enhanced in Rubicon knockdown cells. A549 cells stably expressing GFP-LC3, with Rubicon or control shRNA, were incubated in nutrient-rich medium with or without the protease inhibitors (PI) E64d (50 μg ml−1) and pepstatin A (50 μg ml−1) treatment for 4 h. The cells were stained with an anti-Lamp1 antibody (upper panels) and colocalization efficiency between GFP-LC3 and Lamp1 was counted (lower panel). The data are mean ± s.d. of 30 cells.
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C) Northern blot quantification of mature piRNA 21UR-1 levels in wild-type, prg-1 (n4357), mut-7 (mj253) and rpb-9 (mj261) animals.
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H. Ratio of each syllable type in YFO and AFO. Each color corresponds to the individual syllable categories shown in Fig. 1G. Red and blue colors indicate a statistically significant increase and decrease, respectively, while gray indicates statistically 'not significant' changes.
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F. Time course of iodine-induced currents in a hTRPA1-expressing Xenopus oocyte, which presents the current reduction upon DTT treatment (n = 3).
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F After pre-treating RAW264.7 cells with biotin-conjugated Smaducin-6 (100 nM) for 30 min, cells were treated with LPS for 2 h. Subsequent precipitation by streptavidin-agarose showed that endogenous Pellino-1 binds to the Smaducin-6 peptide. A biotin-conjugated scrambled peptide was used as a negative control.
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H Jurkat T cells were incubated with 100 nM CXCL12 FITC alone and with increasing concentrations of Gal-3 CRD as indicated (n = 4, two technical replicates).
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(c) The degradation of the PML reactive band (~ 120 kDa) was determined by immunoblotting. HeLa cells were either mock transfected or transfected with siRNA directed against SUMO1/2/3. The expression of RGS-His-tagged SUMO2WT or SUMO2K11Q was induced by DOX for 12 h. Prior to lysis, cells were treated with 1 μM As2O3 for 6 h. Western blot analysis for wild-type SUMO2 and SUMO2K11Q were blotted with α-RGS-His. Immunoblotting with α-Tubulin served as a loading control. Immunoblots for knockdown controls (SUMO1 and SUMO2/3) can be found
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(B) Whole cell lysates of WT and NEDD4L KO NHEKs were immunoprecipitated with anti-GP130 antibody, and the immune-precipitates were analyzed by WB with anti-Ub antibodies.
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(D) The tumor-forming capacity from primary xenografts (F1) and tumors passaged into secondary (F2) and tertiary (F3) recipients induced by injecting 100 soft 4T1 or B16 cells into the BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice . n = 10. Data information: Two-tailed Paired Student's t test The data represent mean ± SD.
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C. Graph indicating the molecular weights of Mdm12, His6-Mdm12, and the Mdm12-tMmm1 complex in solution as measured by analytical ultracentrifugation.
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] |
Unbiased lipidomics performed on the livers of 4 randomly selected mice from Fig. 6F. Lipids that were significantly different in SD, HFD + vehicle, or HFD + 120 mg/kg SH-BC-893 shown. PG, phosphatidylglycerol; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PC, phosphatidylcholine; Cer, ceramide; TAG, triacylglycerol; and LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine.
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D Life imaging of WT and CLUH KO HeLa cells transfected with G3BP1-GFP plasmid and incubated in HBSS medium with or without CHX. Cells were recorded for a maximum of 2 h. Insets show 2.5x enlarged areas. Scale bar, 10 µm. E Total number of cells analyzed by life imaging for the indicated experiments shown in (D). "Positive" relates to a cell which formed G3BP1 granules at the end of the recording.
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Metaphysis region in the BM is rich in endomucin+ capillaries expressing HO-1. mp - metaphysis; gp - growth plate; scale bar 100 μm. The HO-1 positive small capillaries in metaphysis express endomucin and CD31. Shown maximum intensity projection, scale bar 20 μm. HO-1 is expressed by smaller endomucin+CD31+ capillaries (#) as well as in bigger endomucin-/lowCD31+ arteries (*). CD31- pericytes wrapping the artery also express HO-1 (*); scale bar 20 μm. HO-1 positive capillaries in the metaphysis expressed CD31 and Sca-1. The capillaries are enveloped by HO-1 expressing pericytes. Part of the HO-1+ pericytes express Sca-1 (#) while others show no or low Sca-1 signal (*); scale bar 20 μm.
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B: ELDR interacting proteins identified by mass spectrometry classified by GENEONTOLOGY PANTHER classification system based on "Molecular Function".
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F. Enrichment levels of m6A in BMP4-3'UTR were detected by RIP-qPCR (Data are shown as mean ± SEM, n =3 independent experiments, **** p < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA).
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(A and B) IL-1β levels in supernatants of THP-1 cells subjected to knockdowns, treated with LPS, and then (A) with LLOMe or (B) starved in EBSS.
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j, representative maximum intensity projection (MIP) confocal images of mTmGfloxed reporter retinal cells, (left) treated with AAV-Nrl.Cre virus (positive control), (middle) co-culture with Nrl.Cre+/- photoreceptors separated by transwell (non-proximity) or (right) in contact; Scale bar = 20µm; Red = myrRFP-expressing mTmGfloxed reporter, no recombination; green = myrGFP-expressing mTmGfloxed reporter, cells recombined upon acquiring Cre; blue = nuclei. N = 7 cultures.
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Immunoblot analysis of the indicated proteins in whole-cell lysates of wildtype and Peli1-KO CD8 T cells that were activated for 1 h with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 and then treated with cycloheximide (CHX) for the indicated time periods. Data are presented as a representative blot (B)
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B. P100 were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Venn diagrams represent the number of proteins detected in each sample with minimum three independent peptides.
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B. Heatmap showing, for each island, the average score of each cell cycle and growth feature used for the construction of the map.
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Gene ontology analysis on genes up- and down-regulated by either dieldrin or PMA as estimated from RNA-seq data.
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Effect of let-7a overexpression on translational readthrough of AGO1. HeLa cells were stably transfected with pri-let-7a overexpression construct. Ago1x expression was determined by Western blot. Densitometric analysis of three independent experiments is shown as a bar diagram (mean ± S.E.). *, P = 0.007.
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Spinal cord lysates were generated from fresh frozen tissue of 20-month old mice either expressing GA149-CFP under the Thy1 promoter (Tgx GA149) or wild type controls. Lysates were immunoblotted for synaptophysin (B) Total protein levels were determined by imaging the Mini-PROTEAN TGX stain-free gel prior to transfer. synaptophysin levels remained unaltered. Data presented as mean ± SEM. Unpaired t-test, *p< 0.05. A total of 4 animals per group were examined.
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(H) APP detected with anti-APP (Y188, green) at early endosomes (anti-EEA1, magenta) in dendrites of siCD2AP- and siControl-treated neurons upon DAPT treatment, analysed by super-resolution dSTORM imaging. Scale bars, 200 nm.
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G. Quantification of BrdU incorporation, PH3 and H3K36me3 staining shown in panel E. Mean ±SD, P values calculated by two-tailed unpaired student's t-test
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(A) Schematic workflow of the phosphoproteomic experiment. Cells were treated with 20 ng/ml NCS in the presence of selective inhibitors of ATM (KU60019, 5µM), ATR (AZ20, 0.5 µM), DNA-PK (NU7441, 5µM) or DMSO (inhibitor solvent). Inhibitors were added 30 min prior to NCS treatment, and samples were collected 20, 60 and 240 min following NCS addition. Protein extracts were digested into peptides and subsequently enriched for phosphopeptides, which were measured using LC-MS/MS and subjected to label-free quantification and subsequent data processing and analysis using the MaxQuant and the Perseus software. An FDR of 0.05 together with a minimal fold change of 2-fold was applied to determine regulation in response to NCS and PIKK inhibitors.
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(C) Quantification of nuclear localisation shown in (B). Boxes represent the lower quartile, median and upper quartile. Whiskers represent 1.5 times the interquartile range
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(D) Strand specific RNA-seq data, Hnf4g ChIP-seq in EN, and promoter specific histone modification H3K4me3 over the Hnf4a locus is shown. Data from different organoid cultures are color coded. RNA-seq reads mapping to the positive strand (sense strand) are plotted in the top window of every sample, while RNA-seq reads that map to the negative strand are mirrored and shown in the bottom window of every sample. The two isoforms of Hnf4a that are expressed are shown in the bottom, together with the antisense transcript Hnf4aos. The "phyloP30way" track from the UCSC genome browser is plotted at the bottom to show sequence conservation
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A,B,F. Expression of Arg1 (F) relative to Rps29 was analyzed by qRT-PCR in peritoneal macrophages, resident or inflammatory, treated in vitro with 10 ng/ml of activin A (Act) or untreated (Ctrl, arbitrarily set to 1). Results are combined from 2-5 independent experiments performed with cells pooled from at least 5 wt mice.
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293T cells were transfected with Flag-REV7 and GFP-SHLD2 expression vectors as indicated. 24h post-transfection cells were treated with DMSO or with 10uM of ATM inhibitor KU-60019 for 1 h prior to irradiation. 1h post-irradiation (10 Gy) nuclear extracts were prepared and REV7 complexes were immunoprecipitated using anti-Flag (M2) Resin and then analyzed by immunoblotting using GFP, REV7 and p-Chk1 antibodies.
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(E) FACS plots show contribution of donor-derived (CD45.2+) HSPCs in recipient BM (E) (total of n=7-8 mice per genotype).
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(g) Western blot showing endogenous RILP expression in the indicated cell lines. Graph shows quantification of RILP expression from 3 independent experiments (* = p<0.05, *** = p<0.001).
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Calcineurin inhibitors, FK506 (10 μM) or cyclosporin A (CsA, 10 μM) inhibited phagocytosis in WT cells, n = 65-159 cells. Ryngo (80 μM) rescued phagocytosis defects in Tpcn1-/- BMDM even in the presence of FK506 or CsA, n = 103-208 cells.
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A DPH anisotropy of B. subtilis WT or Δbkd cells supplemented either with MB, IB or depleted for precursor (IBPF) for the times indicated. High DPH anisotropy indicates low membrane fluidity. B DPH anisotropy of E. coli WT cells grown steady state at 30°C, 37°C or shifted from 30°C to 37°C followed by immediate measurement. In addition, DPH anisotropy of fabA(Ts) cells grown steady state at 30°C or shifted from 30°C to 37°C followed by measurement at the times indicated. D
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(C-E) Flow cytometry analysis of the % of PI-positive shCtlr, shGp96 or shNMHCIIA HeLa cells. Cells were treated with (E) 0.1 nM LLO for 10 min followed by LLO washed out and recovery for indicated times. Levels of PI incorporation by untreated cells were subtracted from all LLO-treated samples. Values are the mean ± SEM (n≥4) and p-values were calculated using one-way-ANOVA with Tukey post hoc analyses *p<0.5, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.
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HeLa cells were transfected with specific RNAi oligonucleotides (siTFG) or unrelated oligonucleotides as a negative control (siCTR) and grown in fed or starved conditions for 1h. Cells were fixed and co-labelled with ULK1 (red) antibody and A) anti-CALNEXIN (CANX) (green) antibody to highlight ER structures; (n=3 independent experiments, n≥16 fields analysed) B) GOLGIN97 (green) antibody to label GOLGI complex; (n=3 independent experiments, n=12 fields analysed) C) SEC31A (green) to point out COPII vesicles. (n=3 independent experiments, n≥16 fields analysed)
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DRiPs, polyUb proteins (FK1) and PML labelling in HeLa cells treated with OP-puro (25 µM) and heat shock (HS) at 42˚C for 2 h; where indicated cycloheximide was also added (CHX; 50 μg/ml). Scale bars: 5 µm. Lower panel: STED super-resolution microscopy showing colocalization of DRiPs with PML-NBs in PML-GFP HeLa cells treated with a low concentration of OP-puro (5 µM) and heat shock (HS) at 42˚C for 2 h. PML-NBs were visualized using a PML specific antibody, followed by incubation with alexa fluor 647. For convenience the alexa fluor 647 signal is shown in green. Scale bars: 5 µm.
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G, Kinetics of hydrolysis of a synthetic substrate by PRL2 shows burst kinetics. Addition of the wild-type CBS-pair domain but not the D426A mutant inhibits phosphatase activity.
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Monocyte derived macrophages (MDM) were treated with 5μM etoposide (ETO) for 18h. Cells were stained for γH2AX and 53BP1 nuclear foci, acquired and analysed using the automated cell‐imaging system Hermes WiScan and ImageJ. On average 104 cells were acquired and analysed. (n = 3, mean ± s.e.m.; *P‐value ≤ 0.05; paired t‐test). Scale bars, 10μm.
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(F) Relative average module activities (Core and PRC modules) between Yap1 OE cells and control cells are shown. Data are represented as mean SEM.
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(D) Identification of Fam210a as a target of miR-574-5p and miR-574-3p. Seed sequence-bearing target genes were predicted by TargetScan.
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DU145 cells were transfected for 48h with the indicated siRNA (control, siCTRL; UBTD1, siUBTD1pool). (C) Immunoblots of the Hippo signaling pathway using phosphorylated (p-ser909LATS and p-thr183MST1/p-thr180MST2) and total LATS, MST at low and high DU145 cells density. Immunoblot of UBTD1 shows the level of siRNA-mediated depletion. Actin and Rho-GDI were used as loading controls. , immunoblots for the loading control (actin) and UBTD1 knock-down efficiency (UBTD1) are duplicated because they belong to the same experiment shown in both panels.
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E, F Chromatin Immunoprecipitation-qPCR (ChIP-qPCR) assay to detect the enriched promoter regions of OsHKT2;1 by using the H3K9ac (E) and H3 (F) antibodies. Two-week-old seedlings were harvested at ZT12. The locations of amplicons were described in Figure 4E. Data represent means ± SD. n = 3 technical replicates. The asterisk indicates the significant difference by student's t-test with (*) P ≤ 0.05. The experiments were repeated at least twice with similar result.
|
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A. Representative fluorescence micrographs of HeLa cells treated with 250 μM lysosomotropic drug LLOMe or equal volume of DMSO (Ctrl) for 1 h before fixation and immunostained with Hoechst (blue), anti-CHMP4B (green), anti-GAL3 (red) and anti-LAMP1 (white) are presented. Cells treated with LLOMe show increased recruitment of ESCRT-III protein to lysosomes when compared to Ctrl cells. Number of foci per cell were quantified and are indicated as mean ± SD. Data from >86 cells per condition from three independent experiments. CHMP4B, GAL3, LAMP1 foci per cell (Ctrl versus LLOMe treatment): p=0.0398, p=0.0033, p=0.2400 (Student"s t‐test), respect Data information: Scale bars: 10 μm and 1 μm (inset)
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(A) Representative TEM pictures of HeLa wild-type cells. Bottom panels show healthy mitochondria. Scale bars, 500nm (overview) and 200 nm (zooms).(B) Representative TEM pictures of apoptotic HeLa wild-type cells 4h after STS treatment (1µM). Black arrowheads point to defects on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Scale bars, 500nm (overview) and 200 nm (zooms)(C) Representative TEM pictures of apoptotic HeLaGFP-Bax transfected cells 4h after STS treatment (1µM). Black arrowheads point to defects on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Scale bars, 500nm (overview) and 200 nm (zooms).
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(A,B) Representative B16F10 tumor established in a syngeneic mouse showing that tumor vessels, identified by CD31 immunostaining, are generally p-EphrinB+ (scale bars: 500μm in A; 50μm in B).
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B. Schematic of 'platforms' integrated into the intS and the galK locus of the E. coli chromosome. These platforms consist of the sequence for a fluorescent protein (yfp or cfp), a functioning resistance marker (chlR or kanR), and a truncated and thus defunct resistance marker (kanR or ampR). A PCR product shown in A was introduced by recombineering (black crossed lines) into the platforms.
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Time-lapse confocal images of tPH-CynA-KikGR expressing AX3 cells. Back region of cells was photoconverted from green fluorescence to red at t=0s. Front and back of the cell are shown, box showing the photoconverted region.
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Immunoprecipitation of SMC5 (and IgG, as a control) from a 48‐h culture of B lymphocytes of wt and Nsmce2SD/SD animals. NSMCE2 and SMC6 levels on the immunoprecipitates were analyzed by WB. The image of the Ponceau staining is shown as a loading control.
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Length of primary cilia in dermal fibroblasts. (F) Staining of ciliary structures in fibroblasts stained with ARL13B (ciliary shaft, green) and PCNT2 (ciliary base, red), DAPI (nucleus, blue). Scale bar upper panel 5 µm, lower panel 2.5 µm. (H) Similarly, ciliary length of fibroblasts from a human USH1CR31X/R80fs patient are elongated, compared to a healthy control (7 TR, number of cells examined indicated, KS-test, ****p<0.0001).
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Phosphorylation of serine 2513, but not serine 2516, appears to be essential for the NICD-FBXW7 interaction. hNICD-GFP phospho-mutant peptides encoding non-phosphorylatable residues at S2513 and/or 2516 (serine to alanine) were expressed in HEK293 cells. The exogenously expressed protein was subsequently immunoprecipitated with anti-GFP antibody and precipitated material was analysed by western blot using FBXW7 antibody. Wild-type hNICD-GFP and GFP only vectors were included as positive and negative controls, respectively. Western blot using GFP antibody served as immunoprecipitation efficiency control. β-Actin has been used as loading control for the input lanes.
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(C) Normalization of NMDAR-dependent LFS-LTD at synapses of PtenΔC/ΔC mice (P17-22) by DCS treatment (10 μM), as shown by fEPSP slopes. (n = 14 slices from 6 mice for WT-V, 13 (4) for WT-D, 7 (4) for ΔC-V, 13 (3) for ΔC-D, **P < 0.01, ns, not significant, two-way ANOVA with Tukey's test). The grey traces represent baseline fEPSP prior to LTD induction. The error bars represent SEM.
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C The effects of apyrase (40, 80 and 160 U/ml) infusion into cerebral ventricle on sucrose preference (n = 8, 10, 9, 11 mice. Treatment F3, 34 = 2.87, P = 0.0505; Apyrase 80 U/ml vs control, P = 0.007, one-way ANOVA with Fisher's LSD test).
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Sanger-sequencing chromatograms showing the target region of sgAkt1E17K in wild-type (WT) and base edited (BE) cells. Arrowheads highlight cytosines of the protospacer that show base editing 5 days after transduction of BE3-expressing NIH3T3 cells with Lenti-sgAkt1E17K. EditR (Kluesner et al., 2018) was used to calculate the frequency (%) of C-to-T conversion at C7 of the protospacer targeted by sgAkt1E17K in BE3-expressing NIH3T3 cells 5 days after transduction with the indicated sgRNA vectors.
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Figure 4 STED imaging of primary hippocampal neurons fixed with either PFA or glyoxal. Strong differences in labeling patterns can be observed. The images are brighter and less "spotty" for the glyoxal-fixed samples. Structures such as filaments or organelles are more easily detected. Quantification of the fluorescence signal (fold over background) shows that 16 out of 20 stainings are significantly brighter in glyoxal fixed samples compared to the PFA fixed samples. N = 35 - 132 objects. Scale bar = 6 µm for β-actin and α-tubulin, and 3 µm for the other proteins. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001
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G IP of UbcH7 by PknG or PknGΔUbl in U937 cells. Cells were infected with WT, ΔpknG, or ΔpknG:pknGΔUbl Mtb strains as in B. H IP of UbcH7 by PknG or PknG E190A in U937 cells. Cells were infected with WT, ΔpknG, or ΔpknG:pknG E190A Mtb strains as in B.
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Flow cytometry analysis of HCT116KO stained with Annexin V and PI following different treatments as indicated. ANGR66A, ANG receptor binding site variant; ANGK40I, ANG enzymatic activity null variant; BAY, inhibitor of TNF-α-induced κB kinase (IKK) phosphorylation
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section (g) images of Atoh1 lineage labeled crypts. Majority of crypts are labeled after Lgr5+ stem cell ablation and remain label with the appearance of Lgr5+ stem cells (inset, arrowheads). Atoh1 lineage labeled crypts remain by d30. Data information: Nuclei are counterstained with Dapi (blue); white dashed lines indicate basement membrane. scale bars =100μm.
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(B) qRT-PCR analysis of PHGDH, PSAT1 and PSPH mRNA levels in Flp-In 293 HA-GFP or Flp-In 293 HA-IKKε cells treated with doxycycline (Dox) for 16 hours. Data are expressed as fold changes, relative to levels in non-treated Flp-In 293 HA-GFP cells and normalised to β-Actin (n=4 biological replicates)
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(D) Inhibition of Dab2-Akt association enhances Akt phosphorylation in fasting. Soluble fraction of TA muscles transfected with shLacz or Dab2-DN from fed and fasted mice were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting using the indicated antibodies. Right: densitometric measurement of presented blots. Data are mean ±SEM, n=3. * p<0.05. vs. shLacz in fed conditions, by one-tailed t-test.
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B. Interaction of FLAG-hTrmt13 with endogenous FOSL1, E2F1, and USF1. Whole-cell lysates from MDA-MB-231 cells stably expressing FLAG-hTrmt13 were prepared and immunoprecipitation was performed with anti-FLAG followed by immunoblotting with antibodies against indicated proteins.
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(A) Schematic diagram of study organization. Metabolome profiles were collected from yeast that were treated with 1280 drugs as well as yeast where 6 genes were independently expressed.
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Quantification of total (red) and insulin-specific (salmon) IgG after serum IgG purification of cInsulin immunized mice via ELISA with n=3/group (coating: anti-IgG). Mean ± SD, statistical significance was calculated by using Mann-Whitney-U test, *P < 0.05.
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Simulation results are depicted in gray for Ruler, pink for Timer and red for Sizer models (n=30 simulated root files, each). Data from individual cortex tissue files in Col-0 is in green (n=30, day 6 post germination (Tables EV1, EV2)). Parameter values for the models (Table EV3) selected such that no statistical significance is found between model (for each model) and cortex data in any of the five phenotypic traits depicted in A (Wilcoxon-rank sum test, p-value >0.01, Table EV4). For each model, the simulated roots and cells differ in the threshold value for cell elongation termination, the cell elongation rate, the meristematic activity and the initial cell length (Table EV3). The parameter values are the same for the three models except for the threshold for cell elongation termination, which is specific of each model and has relative variability of 40% (Ruler), 3% (Timer) and 32% (Sizer) (Table EV3). A. Boxplots for five phenotypic traits: elongation factor rEZ, mature cell length (length of the EZ cell closest to the DZ) lmax, length of the elongation zone LEZ , number of cells in the elongation zone NEZ and root growth rate. For the cortex Col-0 data, the first four phenotypic traits are all measured in the same root files (n=30, day 6 post germination), while the rootgrowth rate is measured on a different set of roots (n=22, Methods). The Ruler and Timer models drive larger variability in the root growth rate.
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(H) Mean uterine weight normalized to body weight (mg/g BW). Unpaired t-test, n=6 to 10 mice.
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Western blot analysis of BRI1 ubiquitination on plants expressing pBRI1:BRI1-mCitrine complementing the bri1 mutant in either the UBP12/UBP13 (BRI1-mCit/bri1) or ubp12i/ubp13 (BRI1-mCit/bri1/ubp12i/ubp13) background. BRI1-mCitrine proteins were isolated from 18-day-old plants grown on DEX medium and then immunoprecipitated with α-GFP antibody beads from solubilized microsomal proteins. Ubiquitinated BRI1 and basal BRI1 proteins were detected by the α-ubiquitin (P4D1) and α-GFP antibodies, respectively.
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(B) mRNA levels for key EMT marker genes in MDA-MB-231 treated with DMSO or JNKi for 4 days were measured by qRT-PCR relative to Ctcf and plotted on the y-axis. Mean and SEM is plotted from three independent biological replicates
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A. Schematic of TRaM production. CD4+ T cells were enriched by positive selection from leukaphereses of multiple HDos and 3 FDos - details are provided in Materials and Methods.
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(G) Staining for upper neuron marker Cux1 in P3 mice after IUE at E13.5. Arrowhead and asterisk indicate deformation of the cortical surface at regions containing electroporated cells. Right panels show higher magnification images. Arrows show GFP+ Cux1+ double-positive cells. Scale bars,100μm(left); 20μm (right).
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B Kinetic of spheroid area from PK4a cells cultured during 12 days in medium alone (untreated) or with βOHB 1 or 10mM (n=4, and 5 respectively). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Significance compared to untreated cells was defined by two-way ANOVA followed by a Dunnett's multiple comparisons test. **p<0.01, **** p<0.0001.
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(H-I) Immunohistochemistry for YAP and TAZ in human cutaneous SCC (H) and in human oesophageal, head and neck, lung and cervix SCC (I). Scale bars: 100 μm
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Schematic representation of the principles of the physical model of a pilus adhering via its tip submitted to shear stress. θ is the angle relative to the vertical position that fluctuates around the equilibrium angle θ0 due to thermal fluctuations (blue arrow).
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F. Expression of 3A INVS (bottom panels) but not WT INVS (middle panels) inhibited the development of primary cilia as compared to control cells (top panels).
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(G) SMO and Smaug colocalize. Representative fluorescent images of Cl8 cells expressing GFP-SmaugWT alone (1-2) or together with SMOWT-mCherry (3-3'' and 4-4'') either without (1, 3-3") or with HH (2, 4-4"). The merge images in 3" and 4" show GFP-SmaugWT in green and SMOWT-mCh in red. The same results were seen with different fluorescent tags as well (Fig EV2B). The lack of effect of HH on GFP-SmaugWT in absence of SMOWT-mCh is likely due to limiting amounts of endogeneous SMO. A least 20 cells were assayed for each condition. In absence of HH, all co-transfected cells exhibited greater than 90% colabelled SMOWT-mCherry. Scale bar (shown in G1, identical for all panels):10μm. See also Fig EV2.
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Representative images of hematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining and immunostaining of Ki67, cleaved caspase 3 and p53, post treatment / late timepoint (>22 days after treatment initiation) with APR-246 (50mg/kg) +/- MK-571 (50mg/kg).
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RT-qPCR analysis was used to determine the relative SLC1A3 mRNA expression (to GAPDH) in different prostate and breast cancer cell lines, as indicated. Data information: Results were calculated based on three replicates (except for SUM159 and BT549 in B, n=2) and presented as mean ± SD. The p-value was calculated by two-tailed unpaired t test in Prism7. **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. a.u. indicates arbitrary unit.
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C Nucleosomal array oligomers were negatively stained and visualized by TEM as described under Materials and Methods. Shown in the left panels are representative images obtained in 4.5 mM, and 10 mM MgCl2. Shown in the right panels are images of the interior of the oligomers (white arrows, left panels) after cropping and re-scaling.
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Quantification of Rad51 Atto565-tailed duplex PSCs bound per dsDNA molecule in dsDNA curtain homology search assays with Rad54 (N = 117), Rdh54NRad54 (N = 150) or Rad54NRdh54 (N=175). The error bars represent the s.d. for three independent experiments.
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H Inhibition of Tsc2-deficient 105K tumor growth by the administration of a low L-histidine concentration mouse diet (0.07% versus 0.49%). Asterisks indicate significant reduction relative to 0.49% L-histidine diet (two-way ANOVA; P = 0.001). Each data point represents the mean and SEM.
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Basal extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) of immortalized mGFP and mTomato positive preadipocytes was determined by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) in basal conditions. The whole experiment was repeated twice. Data are shown as mean ± SEM of 3 cell lines per group.
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(C) Representative immunofluorescence images of calcium-stable KT-MT attachments in metaphase S2 cells expressing either PoloWT-EGFP or PoloT182D-EGFP. Insets display magnifications of the outlined regions. Asterisk highlights either an aligned KT pair attached to MTs in an end-on fashion (PoloWT-EGFP) or an aligned KT pair in which a sister KT is laterally attached to the end of a MT fiber (PoloT182D-EGFP). Plotted profiles show the overlap between Polo-EGFP and tubulin signals for the highlighted KT. (D) Graph represents the percentage of metaphase cells showing at least 1 KT with a lateral interaction, as shown in (C) (asterisk) (n≥58 cells for each condition, n=2 independent experiments). Data information: Data are shown as mean ± SD. Scale bar: 5 μm.
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Left: Representative FACS plots showing CD34 and GPR56 expression on AML cells after 4-week treatment with the indicated compounds. Right: Statistical analysis of the geometric mean intensity of CD34 APC (left) and GPR56 PE (right) in the four treatment groups. Horizontal lines represent means. Unpaired t-test, *** p<0.0005, ** p<0.005, * p<0.05.
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Profile plots showing the Log2 LFQ intensity (G) and representative immunofluorescence (H) of Climp63 (green) in wild-type and Fam134 knockout MEFs.
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J CHL1 expression in the somas and axons of NB-3+/+ and NB-3−/− pyramidal neurons when co-culturing with NB-3-expressing astrocytes (dashed lines and asterisks) or astrocytes that didn't express NB-3 (dashed lines). Co-localization of CHL1 and NB-3 in astrocytes overexpressed NB-3 (asterisks). Co-localization of CHL1 and NB-3 in the somas and axons of co-cultured NB-3+/+ pyramidal neurons (arrowheads). Left inset, high-magnification view of the soma (white arrowhead). Right inset, high-magnification view of the axon tip (green arrowhead).K Quantification of fluorescence intensity of CHL1 in (J). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001; one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-test. The intensities of more than 300 astrocytes or pyramidal neurons from 3 independent experiments in each group were quantified.
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c, Representative MIP of DiI/DiO co-cultures after fixation, showing DiO+ve cell (A) and a DiI+ve cell (B) cell connected by a PhNT. Note DiI and DiO puncta in the respective acceptor cells. Blue = Dapi (nuclei), Green = DiO, Red = DiI. Scale bar = 5 µm;
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dPVL profiles and CTL exclusion consistent in our study. g-h, Accurate quantification of CTLs (g) and representative immunohistochemistry staining for CD8 on matched patient tumour sections (h). n = 5 stromal 1 mm2 regions were counted per tumour. The central band, boxes and whiskers represent the median, lower/upper quartile and min/max CTL counts per 1mm2, respectively. P3 is shown as an example of a low dPVL profile with high CTLs. In contrast, P4 has a high dPVL profile with low CTLs. Statistical significance was determined using pairwise comparison with Student's t test with p‐values denoted by asterisks: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001.
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(C) Confocal scans of retinal cross sections, with focus on the ONL, immunolabelled for DAPI, eGFP and recoverin. The upper panel shows only the DAPI and eGFP signal in the ONL and the lower panel shows the same images (noted with asterisk *) with merged DAPI, eGFP and recoverin signal. Acquisition settings were kept constant for all samples. Scale bar: 50 μm. ONL, outer nuclear layer.
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(C, D) FIP200 KO MEFs stably expressing CFP-Atg16L1(1-230) were cultured in regular DMEM. Scale bar, 10 μm, and 2 μm in inset.
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(C) Schematic diagram of the DR-GFP (top panel) and the SA-GFP (bottom panel) assays.
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(a) Correlative light-electron microscopy of GFP-ATG8-labelled autophagosomal structures. Correlation of a TEM micrograph of a root transverse section (1) with fluorescent imaging of GFP-ATG8 (arrowheads, 2) confirms the association of ATG8 signal with autophagosome (3). A closer view shows close contacts with ER-like membranes (empty arrowheads, 4).
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(B-D) Catch-eYFP-expressing SGNs in the apical cochlear turn identified by parvalbumin expression (B) and CatCh-eYFP (C). The inlay (D´) of the merged immunostaining (D) indicates the lack of CatCh-EYFP signal in inner hair cells (dashed white line). Scale bar: 20 µm.
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PS decarboxylase activity in wild-type (WT, W303) and the indicated mutant strains expressed as (B) the molecular species composition of 13C315N-labeled PS (*PS) and 13C215N-labeled PE (*PE), after 20 min incubation with 13C315N-serine.
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(C) Representative images of NRCFbs scratch assay (left) and quantified cell migration (right). NRCFbs were transfected by Fstl1 siRNA or siRNA non-targeting negative control for 12 hours followed by culturing in 0.5% FBS media for 24 hours. The confluent cell sheet was scratched and cell migration was assessed at 6 hours after the scratch. Scale bar indicates 100µm. Error bars represent mean ± SEM (n=10 for each group). Statistical analysis was performed by unpaired t-test (2-tailed). Two independent experiments were performed.
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B A549 cells were transfected with a plasmid encoding Flag-tagged PB1-F2 derived from the PR8 or 1918 strain and treated with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 (25 μM) or vehicle for 6 h before harvesting. PB1-F2 transcripts were analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR (top panel), and The PB1-F2 protein was analyzed by Western blotting with monoclonal anti-Flag antibody.
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Representative examples of single cell oscillators observed in CTRL (a) and MBSm (b) embryos imaged from 34hpf onwards; time series represent Her6::Venus expression relative to mKeima-H2B (top panel) and detrended relative signal (bottom panel); parameters reported for log-likelihood ratio (LLR) and period correspond to KOUosc .
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(E-F) Representative images of the colonic tissue from 2 months-old DSS-treated WT and IκBα KO mice are shown. Alcian Blue staining was used to identify the mucus-secreting goblet cells in the colonic glands and Ki67 as proliferation marker. Nuclear counterstain is Fast Red. The table shows number of ulcerations present in the intestines of mice analysed (3 WT, 2 IκBα KO). Data information: Scale bars in E and F, 100 μm
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0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
7,
8,
8,
8,
8,
8,
8,
8,
8,
8,
8,
8,
8,
8,
8,
8,
8,
8,
8,
8,
8,
8,
8,
8,
8,
8,
8,
8,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
9,
10,
10,
10,
10,
10,
10,
10,
10,
10,
10,
10,
10,
10,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
13,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
5,
6,
6,
6,
6,
6,
6,
0,
13,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
13,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
9,
10,
10,
10,
10,
10,
10,
10,
10,
10,
0,
0,
0,
0,
11,
12,
12,
12,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
I. Coomassie staining of recombinant GST-PCNA expressed and purified from bacteria.
|
[
0,
0,
0,
13,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
11,
12,
12,
12,
12,
12,
12,
12,
0,
0
] |
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