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(D and E) 125I-EGF was added to HeLa cells after 48 h of siRNA depletion of β′-COP, or control siRNA for 10 min. The cells were then washed as described in the Materials and methods, and chased for 30, 60, 120, and 180 min (including 10-min incubation). (D) The amount of 125I-EGF internalized was shown as a percentage of the total 125I-EGF taken up in 10 min.
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B Binding of SlpA to various hFc fusion proteins was analyzed by flow cytometry. Gray tinted line = SlpA‐coated beads only; orange = SlpA‐coated beads + secondary antibody; green = SlpA‐coated beads + control fusion protein; blue = SlpA‐coated beads + SIGNR1‐hFc; red = SlpA‐coated beads + SIGNR3‐hFc. Binding assay results were confirmed five independent times.
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High-resolution imaging of mitochondria in live cells using the Airyscan module of Zeiss LSM880 confocal microscope. Mitochondria in HeLa cells, stained with NAO alone (top row) vs. NAO + TMRE (bottom row), and simultaneously excited with 488- and 561-nm lasers. Note that mitochondria stained with NAO alone do not emit noticeable fluorescence in the red channel; only after adding TMRE does strong signal appear in the red channel, showing negligible bleed-through. Scale bars = 500 nm. N = 2 independent experiments.
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B Biochemical analysis of nuclear-cytoplasmic protein distribution. RKO cells were treated with etoposide, collected after 2 and 4 hours and processed to obtain nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions. Aliquots relative to the same cell number per fraction were immunoblotted using anti-HOPS and anti-p53 antibodies. GAPDH and Lamin B1 are purity controls of cytoplasmic and nuclear fraction respectively.
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(B) Average H3K27me3 (top) and H4K20me1 (bottom) enrichment at the B6 allele over initially active or inactive genes ± 30kb at the X chromosome. Shown is data for all time points. Data information: TSS : transcription start site ; TES : transcript end site.
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SPR sensorgram showing the binding kinetics for human ACE2 and immobilized 2019-nCoV S. Data are shown as black lines and the best fit of the data to a 1:1 binding model is shown in red.
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C Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurement of the elastic properties (apparent Young's Modulus, Εapp) of fibroblast-derived ECMs. Each dot represents a specific Young's Modulus obtained by fitting the corresponding individual force-curve acquired on a determined point of the sample. A representative experiment from 2 independent experiments is shown. Scatter plots show mean ± SEM. The black bars represent the median and the interquartile range. ****P<0.0001, Two-tailed Mann-Whitney test.
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D H&E staining of lungs and livers of C57BL/6 mice treated as in A. Arrows indicate puncta of cellular infiltration. Scale bars, 200 μm.
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H. miR-586 or control mimics were transfected into HeLa cells together with the indicated pSICHECK2-based luciferase reporter construct. Twenty-four hours after transfection, reporter activity was measured and plotted after normalizing with respect to Renilla luciferase activity. Data shown are mean ± SD (n = 3; *P < 0.05, two-tailed t-test).
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B. Schematic flow diagram of the generation of luciferase-expressing patient-derived influenza viruses. The generation of the novel Luc-CA/09 strain is shown as a representative example.
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A number of B2R mutants were generated to mimic the spatial distribution of phospho-site pattern of Ser/Thr as present in the V2R. The first three mutants were designed to target the proximal part of the phospho-site pattern (indicated in red dotted box) while the fourth mutant was designed to target the distal part (indicated in blue dotted box).
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E. Substitution of Ser127 with alanine enhances phosphorylation at Ser128, and vice versa. Cell lysates from HEK293T cells transfected with empty vector (-), EGFP-YAP, EGFP-YAP-S127A, or EGFP-YAP-S128A were immunoblotted with antibodies shown in the figure.
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A Representative auditory brainstem response (ABR) waveforms evoked by 16 kHz tone-bursts in p53wt mice treated with saline (black plot) or CDDP (green plot), and p53-/- mice treated with saline (light blue plot) or CDDP (dark blue plot) for 5 days.B ABR thresholds recorded in p53wt mice before (gray plot) and after 5 days of saline (black plot) or CDDP treatments (green plot), and ABR thresholds recorded in p53-/- mice before (light gray plot), and after 5 days of saline (light blue plot) or CDDP treatment (dark blue plot).C Mean ABR threshold from 4 kHz to 32 kHz derived from B. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (saline treated-group: n=7, CDDP treated-group: n=12). One-way ANOVA test followed by post hoc Tukey's test (**P ≤ 0.008, p53wt+CDDP, d5 vs. p53wt, before or p53wt+CDDP, d5 vs. p53-/- + CDDP, d5).
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E - H In vitro kinase assays showing efficient MAP1S phosphorylation by CDKL5. 50 ng (40 nM) AS-CDKL5 phosphorylates 150 ng (50 nM) MAP1S very rapidly (E, F) Quantification of phosphorylated MAP1S is normalized to maximum intensity. n = 2 replicates
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A. Proline structure, Arginine structure, and the mutation site image, produced by the HoPE server, depicting the P522 in green with the R522 mutation in red
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D, E Panc-1 cell viability was assessed by MTT. Results (mean ± SD) are presented for each treatment (CM from PaSC, or from CAF, or from CAF ± SOM230, SOM230) as a percentage of the respective gemcitabine-untreated cells (= 100%) (n = 4; from left to right: **P = 0.007, ##P = 0.006 in D; *P = 0.032, #P = 0.041, #P = 0.047 in E).
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a, Left: Time course of habituation and treatments with cocaine (15 mg/kg) or saline solutions. Right: striatal sub-divisions where Npas4 expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry (NAc: nucleus accumbens; dStr: dorsal striatum).
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LGN and Gαi3 protein levels are not affected by Elp3 loss. (A) Western blots with total lysates from control and Elp3 siRNA-treated HEK293T cells and corresponding quantifications of normalized LGN, Gαi3 and Elp3 levels (n=6 from 2 independent cultures; Unpaired two-tailed t-test, LGN: p=0.749, t=0.328, DF=10, Gαi3: p=0.275, t=1.155, DF=10, Elp3: ***p=0.0003, t=5.438, DF=10, mean±SEM).
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H The impaired binding of mutant S1P (p.Val355Gly and p.Ter1053Arg) to translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) 70 and translocase of the inner membrane (TIM) 23 was detected by a coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay.
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B. Pair-wise correlation of the proteomes of the four primary cell types, with Pearson correlation coefficients noted.
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Analysis of mouse cortex tissue expressing mCherry in axonal projections after stereotaxic viral injections in the thalamus and post-hoc immunostained for ChgA as DCV marker. Representative mouse brain slice with labeled axonal projections in cortical region (mCherry-filler, red) and immunostained for ChgA (green). Scale bar: 1 mm. (a-b) Zoom of axonal projections in (L), scale bars: 100 µm.
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A. cycb1;1, cycb1;2, cycb1;3, cycb1;4, cycb1;1/1;2, cycb1;1/1;3, cycb1;1/1;4, cycb1;2/1;4, cycb1;3/1;4 and the wildtype, from left to right on control plates without genotoxic agent 10 days after germination.B. The wildtype, single and double mutants of cycb1 were grown on control plates without genotoxic agent. Root lengths were measured 10 days after germination.C. The wildtype, cycb1;1, cycb1;2, cycb1;3, cycb1;4, cycb1;1/1;2, cycb1;1/1;3, cycb1;1/1;4, cycb1;2/1;4, cycb1;3/1;4 from left to right on plates containing 1 mM hydroxy urea (HU) 10 days after germination. The rightmost plant is the wee1 mutant that shows high sensitivity to HU.D. The wildtype, single and double mutants of cycb1 were grown on plates supplemented with 1 mM HU. Root lengths were measured 10 days after germination.E. The wildtype, cycb1;1, cycb1;2, cycb1;3, cycb1;4, cycb1;1/1;2, cycb1;1/1;3, cycb1;1/1;4, cycb1;2/1;4, cycb1;3/1;4 from left to right on plates containing 0,6 μg/mL bleomycin (BLM) 10 days after germination. The rightmost plant is the ku70 mutant that shows high sensitivity to BLM.F. The wildtype, single and double mutants of cycb1 were grown on plates supplemented with 0,6 μg/mL BLM. Root lengths were measured 10 days after germination.
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D -HeLa cells were infected with C. trachomatis L2 (MOI=1) for 24 or 46 h. HIF-1α transcripts were measured by real-time RT-PCR and normalized to actin transcripts. The data are presented as relative
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  The experiment was repeated three times with nearly identical results. The LC3-I fractions can be clearly distinguished above the LC3-II signals. Bafilomycin A1 elevated slightly the LC3-II signal intensity compared to control in both cell lines. There was a marked and dose-dependent increase of the signal strength of both fractions when OMP was used. 5-FU alone did not relevantly influence the LC3-level. The corresponding β-Actin level is shown below the LC3-WB to confirm the correctness of this semiquantitative evaluation. 
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Flow cytometry analysis revealed the highest expression of HO-1 in CD31+Sca-1+ ECs. CAR and PαS populations also express HO-1, while most of non-hematopoietic CD45-Ter119- are HO-1-negative in steady-state conditions.
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Example dwelltime histograms from negative control and a construct containing a single PAM. Negative control dwelltime distribution is characterized by a single exponential decay (top) and dwelltime distribution for PAM-containing DNA is fitted by a double-exponential decay (blue line) (bottom). Equation for the double exponential decay fit: y=A1e-t/τ1 + A2e-t/τ2; ΔA1= 796.4 ΔA2= 28.3. Red line shows what a single-exponential decay fit for such distribution would be. Errors represent standard error of the mean.
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(F) Density profile of annotated genes for RNAPII-Ser2 P ChIP seq. Lines representing ChIP seq profile at 0h (blue) and 4h (green) after lurbinectedin treatment -10.0 and +10.0 kb to TSS coordinates (P=0.005476). Decrease in density between 0h and 4h is highlighted in yellow.
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K Putative IRE1α cleavage sites in miR-150 based on sequence analysis are indicated with arrows.
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D, Immunofluorescence of RAN polySer protein aggregates from CGG interrupted and pure CAG repeat tracts in HEK293T cells; scale bar: 10μm. n>20 cells per construct for each experiment (Exp.)
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(D) FRAP analysis of mCherry-IPO4 and mCherry-RbAp46-NES bound to tethered EGFP-H4. Scale bars represent 10 μm
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B. ANGPTL2 IHC in colon from wild-type and Angptl2-/- mice. The Angptl2-/- colon image serves as a negative control. Scale bar = 50 μm.
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(D) 3H-IAA accumulation in the oocytes expressing KUP9-GFP and PIN4 at the indicated times. PIN4 was used as a positive control. The oocytes were incubated in the bath solution containing 3H-IAA for the indicated times. Data are means ± SE (n = 6, biological replicates; each replicate contains 6 oocytes).
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(C) Total cell lysates and surface biotinylated proteins from MEFs stably expressing HA‐PAT4 were analysed by immunoblotting with the antibodies indicated.
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Left panel, growth of HCT116 VPS4B-/- shVPS4A cells as xenografts in mice in the presence or absence of doxycycline. Day 1 indicates the first day of doxycycline administration. n=9 for each group, each mouse bearing one tumor, ±SEM. Two-tailed unpaired t-test; ns - non-significant (p≥0.05), **p<0.01. Right panel, scatter plot representing end-point volumes of single xenografts. Bars represent means ±SEM.
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(C) Longitudinal bioluminescence recordings of organotypic SCN slices from WT (black) and CKO (red) PER2::LUC mice (RLU; relative light units).
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(B) Co-immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis of extracts of 293T cells transfected with HA-K11-ubiquitin (Ub) together with Flag-caspase-1 (WT, K37R, K44R, K134R).
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Treatment of chondrocytes, astrocytes, lung and skin fibroblasts with RGD4C/AAVP-Luc vector, alone or in the presence of TMZ. Non-targeted/AAVP-Luc was used as negative control. Results represent RLU/1μg protein. Data shown are representative of two experiments, n=3. Scale bars, 160 μm for chondrocytes and 80 μm for all other cells.
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Western blot analysis of Flag-RNF8 denaturing-IP in HEK293 cells showing RNF8 hyper-ubiquitination in siRNA-mediated p97 or ATX3-depleted conditions.
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(F) Expression levels of LSD1, Nanog, OCT4, SOX2, and CD44 in LSD1 KO MGC-803 cells.
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(E) Proportion of sterile protection after immunisation. Mice (vaccinated group, n=8; control group, n=4) were vaccinated as described and were challenged with 800 WT, CSPSIINFEKL or UIS4SIINFEKL sporozoites. Daily blood smears were taken from day 3-14 post challenge to check for parasitaemia. Data information: Data are representative of two experiments performed with scatter plots showing mean values (±SEM).
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Mice were subjected to ONC and i.v.-injected with either an anti-VCAM-1 blocking antibody or an isotype control antibody. Eyes were collected after 2 or 3 days for flow cytometry. (A) Flow cytometry quantification of myeloid cells in retinas from mice that were treated with anti-VCAM-1 antibody, as compared to isotype-treated controls. n = 3 per group. Asterisks above bars indicate significant differences compared with noninjured tissue; significant differences between different antibody treatments are indicated by asterisks between bars.
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(D) Antigen internalization from PMS in SH3GL1-targeted Ramos cells. ****p<0.0001 in one-way ANOVA. N = 547, 389 and 136 cells respectively, from 2 experiments.
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(F) Quantification of the number of GFP‐S‐Ubqln1 WT puncta per cell in (E). Each bar represents the average and s.e.m. of 30 cells per condition in three independent experiments. *P‐value=0.0001 and **P‐value=0.0003. GFP, green fluorescent protein; IP, immunoprecipitation; LC3, microtubule‐associated protein light chain 3; UBL, ubiquitin‐like; Ubqln, Ubiquilin; WCL, whole‐cell lysate; WT, wild‐type.
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ELISA demonstrates direct binding of Siglec‐5 Fc and Siglec‐14 Fc, but not Siglec‐7 Fc, to Hsp70. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as the negative control.
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Global transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes of HRPTEpi cells during Stx2a intoxication with vehicle or 10 µM of OSMI-1, respectively. (E) Pie-chart showing genes significantly regulated by OSMI-1 in the Stx2a-exposed HRPTEpi cells as categorized by function.
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(B) hCLEC4g, hCD209, and hCD299 binding to full-length SARS-CoV-2 Spike with or without de-N-glycosylation by PNGase F. "PNGase F only" denotes wells that were not coated with the Spike protein. Results are shown as mean OD values ± SD normalized against the BSA control (technical replicates, N=3).
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(L) Average plot (top) and heatmap (bottom) of H3K27ac reads in HSCs in the early and late phases within accessibility-decreased (left: Black dot in Fig 3H), -unchanged (center: Blue dot in Fig 3H), and -increased cis-regulatory regions (right; Purple dot in Fig 3H) in the early phase.
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(B, C) Comparison of the local structures between the apo (B) and the DNA-bound MjMR complex (C). Upon DNA binding, helix α6 translates to DNA backbone, resulting in the tighter packing of Leu155 and Leu156 against a hydrophobic pocket formed by lobe I and II. Arrows indicate the direction of the helix movement by DNA binding. See Fig EV5 for a close-up view.
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Immunoblot of control (sh-NTC) and two independent shRNA targeting USP28 (sh-USP28#1 and #2) for ∆Np63, KRT14 and USP28 protein abundance in H1299, LUDLU-1adh, HELA, SiHa, Ca Ski, PANC-1 and BXPC-3 (ACTIN as loading control).
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C. ChIP-qPCR shows increased ph-EZH2 occupancy at gene bodies of profibrotic genes in AECs subjected to TGFβ1 for 72 h. Note no changes in ph-EZH2 levels at non-target genes (mean + s.d., n = 3 biological replicates). Unspecific IgG was used as negative control.
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Mass spectrometry-based analysis of titin peptides in cells infected with the U7snRNA-ScrAONs-IRES-GFP (Scr-AON) and U7snRNA-TTNAONs-IRES-GFP (TTN-AON) vectors. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering identified a cluster significantly enriched in peptides mapping to exon 326 that was down-regulated in DCM Scr-AON cardiomyocytes compared to CTR Scr-AON cardiomyocytes (n = 3, P = 9.03E−8, Fisher's exact test, FDR = 0.04, top). Down-regulation of exon 326 was also detected in DCM TTN-AON cells when compared to DCM Scr-AON cells (n = 3, P = 0.02, Fisher's exact test, bottom).
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B. Analysis of GC and Line-1 content in early, mid, late and TTR compared to disturbed replicating regions found in Rev3l-/- MEFs. Bar in boxplot represents the median, and red points represents the mean. The limit of the boxes corresponds to the 0.25 to 0.75 quartiles with whiskers extending to the maximum value of 1.5 times the interquartile range. Graphs show data from two biological experiments.
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esgts midguts expressing GFP alone (control), or expressing SvbREP. Samples were stained for GFP (green) and Prospero (red). Closeups correspond to boxed regions, with DAPI shown in purple and GFP-positive cells outlined in yellow.
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H Schematic model showing TERT contributing to immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment by activating ERVs.
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Immunoblot analysis of presenilin expression and endoproteolysis in cell lysates of untransfected HEK293/sw cells endogenously expressing presenilin and single cell clones overexpressing PS1 WT or the indicated PS1 mutants.
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MEF cells were transfected with STING-GFP (Green) for 24h, pretreated with gefitinib 1h and transfected with cGAMP for 2.5h Co-localization (Col) is indicated by white dots. (C) STING translocated to the autophagosomes in the absence of EGFR. the cells were labeled with LC3 (Autophagosome marker, Red) antibody. (E) In gefitinib-treated cells, STING was detected in the autophagosomes as early as 0.5h. The procedures were as in C.
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D) Representative confocal microscopy images of cells with SC35-positive bodies (D) Scale bar is 10 µm.
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(e) Binding of YAP and TAZ to DNA fragments containing the AARE binding motif in the SLC7A11 promoter. ChIP was performed on HLE cell lysate with antibodies against YAP and TAZ and rabbit IgG as control. DNA fragments were amplified using the primers specific for AARE binding motif in the SLC7A11 promoter region. The non-coding region NC10 served as negative control, and the bona fide TEAD target genes CYR61 and ANKRD1 served as positive controls. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Statistical significance was calculated using one-way ANOVA. Results represent three independent experiments.
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D Immunoblot analysis of protein extracts from 1205Lu cells cultivated on plastic, Coll-1 or on indicated fibroblast-derived ECMs for 48 h using antibodies against RelB, p100/p52 and ERK2 as loading control.
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To screen for ESCRT proteins that are involved in the endolysosomal repair process, cells were incubated with 250 μM LLOMe for 30 min and processed for immunofluorescence. TSG101, a component of the ESCRT-I complex, and EAP30, an ESCRT-II protein, are clearly recruited to the sites of damage compared to the DMSO control (Ctrl). As shown, the ESCRT-III complex together with ALIX is recruited to damaged endolysosomes. In contrast, HRS, a component of the ESCRT-0 complex, and HD-PTP show no recruitment to damaged endomembranes. Number of foci per cell was quantified from >85 cells per condition from three independent experiments and are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance for number of foci per cell in Ctrl versus LLOMe treatment was determined using Student's t‐test, the p-values for which are: HRS p=0.9257, GAL3 p=0.0050; TSG101 p=0.0243, GAL3 p=0.0489 ; EAP30 p=0.0006, GAL3 p=0.0307; CHMP2A p=0.0284, GAL3 p=0.0260; CHMP4B p=0.0028, GAL3 p=0.0414; VPS4A p=0.0309, GAL3 p=0.0461; ALIX p=0.0249, GAL3 p=0.0471; HD-PTP p=0.4898, GAL3 p=0.0105. Data information: Scale bars: 5 μm and 1 μm (inset).
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C: Representative images from fluorescence live cell microscopy of Dad1-GFP strains with Duo1WT-6xFlag or Duo1∆SxIP-6xFlag. Displayed cells are in either metaphase (left) or anaphase (right). Scale bar: 2 μm. D: Quantification of signal intensities of Dad1-GFP at metaphase and anaphase kinetochore clusters of Duo1WT-6xFlag and Duo1∆SxIP-6xFlag strains. Bars represent the mean +/- standard deviation. Each spot represents the value measured for a single kinetochore cluster. Values were normalized to the mean value of metaphase clusters of the Duo1WT-6xFlag strain. A one-way ANOVA test with Sidak's multiple comparisons test was used to calculate p values. n ≥ 76 kinetochore clusters.
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(e) TREX-BCBL-Vector and TREX-BCBL-vFLIP cells were treated with the K-α2 and the K-α4 (30 μM each) peptide for 12 h, followed by immunoblotting (IB) with anti-LC3 and anti-actin antibody.
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E. Caspase activity in lysates of control and 4-OHT treated MSCs of different genotypes. Mean fold change ± SD, n = 3 plates per mouse. P < 0.05 are shown (unpaired t-test). MSCs were isolated from 2-3 mice of each genotype.
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A Schematic representation of the proteomic experiments used to isolate novel proteins enriched at the Shigella-septin cage. (a) A SEPT6-STREP-FLAG construct was (b) transfected in HeLa cells for 24h. (c) Cells were infected with S. flexneri AfaI for 4 h, harvested, and (d) SEPT6-STREP-FLAG cage-associated proteins isolated through co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP).
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E) pH calibration curve for testing the effect of antimycin A on local pH at SU e.
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(B) Venn diagram shows the number of differentially expressed genes in the opn4 dko anterior brain (dark blue circle), posterior brain (grey circle), and eye (light blue circle). The cutoff for differential expression was set at a significance level of α=0.05. Heat maps of all the differentially expressed genes are presented in Appendix Figure S1A-C. The number of differentially expressed genes that are shared between the data sets is indicated where the datasets overlap.
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(A) NRCFbs at passage 1 were stimulated with recombinant Fstl1 (50ng/ml) or vehicle after cultured in serum-reduced conditions (FBS 0.5%) for 24 hours. The samples were harvested at the indicated time points after stimulation. The expression of ERK1/2 and tubulin were detected by immunoblotting. Error bars represent mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey multi comparison test (n=3 for each time point). Three independent experiments were performed.
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H Left, plasma triacylglycerol levels in 10-month-old WT and FADD-D mice following fasting for 20 h (n = 5 for each genotype). Right, plasma cholesterol levels in the same group of WT and FADD-D mice (n = 5 for each genotype). Data are expressed as means ± SEM. *P = 0.0124 (Student's t-test). NS, not statistically significant.
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A. Schematic showing the %GA content along the mouse Rab13 3'UTR using a 30nt window size. Occurrences of the consensus GA-rich motif are indicated by a red rectangle. The exact sequence between nucleotides 153-216 is shown with GA motifs in red and deleted regions indicated by black bars. P-value by Fisher's exact test with Bonferroni correction.
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(H) Fragments of EPG-7 containing amino acids 1-704 or 1143-1330 directly interact with UNC-51.
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(B) Primary hippocampal neurons (DIV6+3) were transfected with either TDP-43 wild-type, TDP-43ΔNLS or an empty vector control together with GFP-RAB11 to visualize recycling endosomes and analyzed as in Figure 1. Quantitative analysis of recycling endosome movement (C) and vesicle number (D).
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G. Clonogenic survival of 5-azadC-treated WT HAP1 cells and derivative cell lines expressing a truncated form of RNF4 lacking the RING domain (∆RNF4; Fig. EV1H) (mean±SEM; n=2 independent experiments).
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Domain architecture of full‐length Swi6. The indicated mutations in red disrupt the dimerization property of the CSD (L315E) or the ability of the CD to bind H3K9me2 (W104A).
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Cell viability analysis using CellTiter-Glo of A375 cells treated with the indicated drugs for 24 hrs following siCTRL, siRIPK1 or siCASP-8 knockdown for 48hrs (n = 3 biological replicates). Cell viability values are displayed as a percentage of the relative untreated control. DMSO (Unt), TNF (10 ng/ml) and SM (100 ng/ml). SM represents SM-164. Error bars represent SD and a one-way Anova was performed to compare the mean value of each treatment to the treated A375 siCTRL, **** P ≤ 0.0001.
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(I) Cells treated with control shRNA and B56δ specific shRNAs were lysed and the levels of phosphorylated α-catenin was determined using pS641 α-catenin specific antibody.
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(E) Representative immunostaining images of FX expression in NK1.1+, CD11c+, B220+ and CD4+ cells in tumour-bearing lungs (scale bar, 10 μm)
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A-C, Pre-embedding immunogold labelling for EM visualizes otoferlin localization in random ultrathin sections through the basal part of IHCs in Otof+/+ (A) and OtofI515T/I515T (B) but not in Otof-/- (C) mice. IHCs are highlighted in beige. Scale bar 100nm.
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U2OS cells were labeled with CldU for 10 min, followed by increasing IdU labelling times and subjected to DNA stretching. (A) Labelling scheme and representative DNA fibers. Scale bars: 5 μm.
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Percentage of terminally differentiated cells (AEC I and ciliated cells) in day 23 BALO cultures with (+) and without (-) microinjected TR‑Mac
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H 3D images with CXCR4 and Emcn immunostaining in Gja1i∆EC and control pancreas. The scale bars are 50 µm.
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(B, C) Co-immunoprecipitation of endogenous SLP2 and YME1L with PARL-specific antibodies in mitochondria isolated from wild type MEFs (WT) and MEFs lacking YME1L, SLP2 or PARL. In, input (10%).
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B Pulldown and Western blot validation of the interaction between N protein and G3BP1/G3BP2. Cells transfected with vector or construct encoding GFP or N protein from different human coronaviruses were compared in these experiments.
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Length distributions of CAGE fragments initiating 2 nt upstream of motif-dependent 21U-RNAs. The total counts in each length bin are normalized to counts per million of mapped reads.
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(E) Dermal infiltrating cells were quantified (n = 5 for each group). Data represent the mean ± SEM. **P < 0.01. 1-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's post hoc test was used.
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(F) Correlation between average copy number alterations of genome (CNAs)/tumor and CEP55 mRNA expression in the METABRIC dataset, n=997 patients.
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G Streptavidinpulldown of HSS-tagged MMS22L variants stably integrated and overexpressed in U2OS cells. Input and co-precipitated proteins were detected by immunoblotting.
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Decreased SREBP-1/2 and SCAP levels in Golgi apparatus in Cideb-/- mice. IB of organelle fractions of the indicated proteins and quantification of IB data from 3 independent experiments. Data information: Data represent the Mean ± SEM; NS: not significant, *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001, by 2-tailed Student's t test.
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D. Assessment of LCS-GR synchronized transport in GOLPH3 OE or KD HeLa cells. Micrographs show cells at the indicated trafficking time points. Scale bar, 20 µm.
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A. Two pFastBac1 plasmids containing PTENα with a C-terminal His-tag with or without CUG816>CUC mutation was used for in vitro purification and mass spectrometry sequencing. The initiation codon of canonical PTEN (AUG1032) was mutated to AUA and the initiation codons of PTENα (CUG513) and PTENβ (AUU594) were mutated to CUC to avoid co-purification of PTEN, PTENα, and PTENβ with PTENε.
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A. Summary of the DEGs in the NDIME-knockout cells compared with control cells at day 5 of neural differentiation.
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D Activity of Rhom7 with/without its 7th TMD and/or C-terminal domain. rhomboid substrates that are uncleaved, cleaved by Rhom7, are marked by black, , and blue arrows, respectively. Controls, empty pBAD33 (empty) and wild-type S. sonnei (Ss).
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(A) Upper panel, left: MCF-7/CD44+ cells were transfected with anti-miR-10b or a scrambled control, and qRT-PCR was performed. Upper panel, right: An aliquot of these cells was subjected to mammosphere-forming assays. The graph shows the mean ± SEM of the number of formed mammospheres per 4000 seeded cells in 3 independent experiments. Lower panel, left: Expression of miR-10b relative to RNU6B in MCF-7 cells stably transfected with a plasmid containing the miR-10b gene versus an empty vector. Results are the mean ± SEM values from 3 independent experiments. Lower panel, right: miR-10b-overexpressing MCF-7 cells analyzed by serial mammosphere assays. The mean ± SEM of the number of formed mammospheres per 4000 seeded cells in 3 independent experiments was plotted on each bar.
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Direct sequencing of NOTCH3 cDNA from skeletal muscle of controls, proband, parents and two CADASIL patients. In the proband, residual mutant cDNA is amplified and the sequence shows only the mutant allele (A allele, arrow). Predominance of the wild-type allele (C allele, arrow) in the parents documents mRNA-mediated decay of the mutant allele (A allele), in contrast to what was observed for a canonical CADASIL mutation where there is balanced composition of mutant and wild-type alleles (arrows).
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H) ERG was used to assess retinal function in response to large-field flash stimuli under both scotopic and photopic conditions. Representative photopic (light-adapted) and scotopic (dark-adapted) flash response series show increased amplitude and reduced latency after treatment with bispecific VEGF-A/ANG-2 compared with IgG control (both 3 mg/kg). ERG shows reduced depression of B-wave responses in JR5558mice treated with anti-VEGF-A/ANG-2 compared to IgG control.I) Maximum photopic ERG amplitude was increased using the rodent crossreactive bispecific VEGF-A/ANG-2 compared to single anti-VEGF-A or anti-ANG-2 treatments (all at 3 mg/kg). There was a significant increase in amplitude at stimuli >2 log (cd*s/m2) between the bispecific VEGF-A/ANG-2 and IgG control group under scoptopic and phototopic conditions. *Denotes significance after ANOVA and Dunnett's multiple t-test compared to IgG control compared for each stimuli separately, error bars show SEM with n = 8 animals per group. Under phototopic conditions anti-VEGF-A/ANG-2 reached significance at 2.58 and 2.30 cd*s/m2 with P = 0.0498 and *P = 0.0479, respectively. Under scotopic conditions all stimuli reached significance for anti-VEGF-A/ANG-2 with P-values of -2.3 cd*s/m2 (P = 0.0498); -1.93 cd*s/m2 (P = 0.0035); -1.33 -1.03 cd*s/m2 (P 0.0001); -0.73 cd*s/m2 (P = 0.0002); -0.43 cd*s/m2, (P = 0.0004); -0.13 cd*s/m2, (P = 0.0024) and 0.18 cd*s/m2 (P = 0.0031). In addition anti-ANG-2 treatment reached significance at -0.13 cd*s/m2 (P = 0.011) and 0.18 cd*s/m2 (P = 0.005), respectively.
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A Schematic depicting ATP-generating pathways in eukaryotic cells: glycolysis, the Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP), fatty acid oxidation (FAO), the TCA cycle, and the mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain (ETC). Blue stars mark pths targets. Green indicates individual metabolites with statistically significant upregulation in atosPBG compared to the control.
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(d) Specific force (maximal tetanic force normalized to cross-sectional area, Po/CSA) from TA and VM muscles in C57Bl6/J mice, untreated mdx mice, and mdx mice treated with low and high doses of anti-IGF2R for 4 and 9 weeks. One-way ANOVA. *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 (n=10 mice per group).
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Growth curves of Vegfr3Luc;Tyr:CreERT2;BrafV600E; Ptenflox/flox melanomas treated with αPD-L1 or IgG (200ug/dose, 2 doses/week; left panel), or with vemurafenib (Vem, 50 mg/Kg, daily dose), BO-110 (BO, 0.8 mg/kg, 2 doses/week) or vehicle control (V, daily dose) as indicated. Data correspond to the average tumor size ± SD at the indicated time points. Red arrows mark the initiation of treatment (n= min 5 mice per condition). Statistics Two-Way-ANNOVA. p=0.0012 (αPD-L1), p=0.0007 (BO-110) and p=0.0353 (Vemurafenib).
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(f) Starvation increases co-localization of GFP-EndoB1 (green) with Atg5 (red) in neurons. The T145A mutation of GFP-EndoB1 does not affect its co-localization with Atg5-positive entities. Arrows denote GFP-EndoB1- and Atg5- positive vesicles. The right panel shows quantified data as means ± s.e.m.; n=9. Uncropped images of blots are shown in Supplementary Fig. S8.
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SH-4-54 significantly decreased plaque growth, as assessed by IC16 immunohistochemistry, while plaque load remained unchanged.
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C-D. Flow cytometry analysis to assess levels of pS139 Histone H2AX (c). Histograms show the mono-parametric analysis of cell count against pS139 Histone H2AX intensity. Histograms are overlaid to appreciate changes in pS139 Histone H2AX intensity upon treatment (Red lines) relative to appropriate experimental baseline controls (Grey lines). Data are representative of two independent experiments.
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