Hennara/MedRAG_contents · Datasets at Hugging Face

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fb5235da-a1c5-41ae-8223-177c0e2b48bc	0	[Oxidative metabolism of funicular tissue. II. Determination of the activity of certain Krebs cycle enzymes]. Previous experiments have suggested that a partial metabolic block might restrain the oxidative metabolism of the cord tissue between the decarboxylation of pyruvate and the oxidation of succinate. Some of the dehydrogenases of the Kreb's cycle were assayed on acetone powders prepared from human cords.
fb5235da-a1c5-41ae-8223-177c0e2b48bc	1	Isocitrate dehydrogenases (both NAD and NADP-specific) have much lower activities than the alpha-ketoglutarate- and malate dehydrogenases; a partial block might be located at this level. Moreover, the malic enzyme has a rather high activity, and might play a significant role by regenerating NADPH in a tissue where other sources of this coenzyme are practically absent.
6b7d720d-e159-4d8c-b949-a12b311f0b4a	0	[The effect of amino acids on the excitability of identified autoactive giant neurons of Achatina fulica Férussac]. Effects of the following amino acids were examined on the electrical activity of the two giant neurones (PON and TAN) identified in the subesophageal ganglia of Achatina fulica Férussac :
6b7d720d-e159-4d8c-b949-a12b311f0b4a	1	L-Asp, L-Thr, L-Ser, L-Glu, L-Pro, Gly, L-alpha-Ala, beta-Ala, L-cysteine, L-cystine, L-Val, L-Met, L-Ileu, L-Leu, L-Tyr, L-Phe, L-Lys, L-His, L-Arg, L-Cit, L-Try, GABA and GABOB. Among these substances, we observed an inhibitory effect of GABA and GABOB on the TAN excitability.
6b7d720d-e159-4d8c-b949-a12b311f0b4a	2	GABA showed stronger effect on the TAN than GABOB. This effect of GABA was due to producing hyperpolarization on the TAN membrane. GABA showed a slight excitatory effect on the PON. The effect of GABOB on the PON was very weak and unstable.
423fa8ce-3b72-4d1c-bccb-21bf06ceff97	0	[Rapid production of a biotin deficiency in mice]. This work describes a rapid method for the production of a biotin-deficiency in mice. Besides classical morphological symptoms, a decrease of activities of some biotin-dependent enzymes was also observed. The biotin-enzymes are not inhibited at the same extent in a same organ and the metabolic changes do not always follow the enzymatic modifications.
977ce337-1d6f-42bd-9b3d-cc904c6d76a1	0	[Ciguatera: neurophysiologic and histoenzymologic studies of several fractions of ciguatoxic extracts]. Two fractions of ciguatoxic extracts were isolated by chromatography. The first showed anticholinesterasic properties, while the other acted directly on the muscular fibre. These findings were histoenzymologically confirmed. Controls with non-toxic extracts of fishes from the coral benthos reinforce the theory of the ecological origins of ciguatoxins.
42d2dc55-859e-4d74-b09f-a4174a62c351	0	Lorazepam as a premedication. A double-blind random study compared the effects of lorazepam and pantopon an intra-muscular premedication in healthy women for uterine curettage (D & C). Anxiety, as assessed by a self-rating test by the patient and by a trained observer, showed a significant reduction at one and one-half hours after lorazepam and a smaller reduction after pantopon, which was not significant.
42d2dc55-859e-4d74-b09f-a4174a62c351	1	Sedation was satisfactory with no significant difference between the two drugs in the change before and after the premedication. Lorazepam showed much more amnesia than pantopon (p less than 0.001). The patients who had lorazepam required higher doses of thiopentone for the operation, and this, in part, led to longer intervals in recovery times after lorazepam.
42d2dc55-859e-4d74-b09f-a4174a62c351	2	However, it is suggested that lorazepam itself was partly responsible for the longer recovery. Pantopon was followed by more nausea, vomiting and headaches, than lorazepam. The intra-muscular injection of lorazepam hurt more patients than did pantopon, but other local complications were negligible and comparable in both groups.
42d2dc55-859e-4d74-b09f-a4174a62c351	3	The results of this study show that lorazepam produces better reduction of anxiety and much more amnesia than pantopon, with comparable sedation and much less nausea and vomiting. The only disadvantage of lorazepam is the lack of analgesia and, therefore, the need for more anaesthesia during the operation.
42d2dc55-859e-4d74-b09f-a4174a62c351	4	The conclusion is that lorazepam is a very satisfactory premedication and warrants more use as such.
0c4beecb-b2b9-47a1-970e-b0570f1b9b79	0	Studies on fazadinium bromide (ah 8165): a new non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. Intravenous dose-response relationships were used to correlate neuromuscular paralysis with the effects of fazadinium (AH 8165) on autonomic mechanisms in anaesthetized cats and rhesus monkeys and with cardiovascular effects in man. In cats and monkeys neuromuscular paralysis of the twitch responses of the gastrocnemius muscle by fazadinium was accompanied by impairment of the vagally induced bradycardia, but cardiovascular disturbances were small.
0c4beecb-b2b9-47a1-970e-b0570f1b9b79	1	Blockade of sympathetic mechanisms and hypotension were only evident with supra-maximal doses. In man tachycardia was a common occurrence and in some patients hypertension occurred with doses of the drug needed for complete neuromuscular paralysis. Fazadinium was three to four times more potent in rhesus monkeys than in cats and its course of action was considerably longer.
0c4beecb-b2b9-47a1-970e-b0570f1b9b79	2	The potency of the drug in man corresponded more closely to that in cats than in rhesus monkeys but its course of action in patients was similar to that in monkeys. In man, dose-response curves were constructed for the contractions of the adductor pollicis muscles elicited by tetanic and single twitch stimuli applied to the corresponding ulnar nerves.
0c4beecb-b2b9-47a1-970e-b0570f1b9b79	3	The onset of paralysis of the tetanic contractions after the intravenous injection of fazadinium (0.4 mg/kg) occurred within two minutes, but recovery was slow and about 50 minutes were needed for its completion. Depression of the simultaneously recorded twitch responses was less marked, slower in onset and recovery was slightly more rapid.
0c4beecb-b2b9-47a1-970e-b0570f1b9b79	4	These effects were similar to those obtained with tubocurarine (0.2 mg/kg) but the action of fazadinium was slightly shorter. Tetanic-tension ratios were computed after 30 and 50 per cent recovery from neruomuscular blockade in man. These ratios were lower with fazadinium than with tubocurarine and indicated taht tetanic fade was greater and more persistent after fazadinium than after tubocurarine.
d53579e8-d89f-48d4-87ba-82f6d714950b	0	Biology of large bowel cancer. Present status and research frontiers. Man and laboratory rodents exposed to chemical carcinogens both show changes in growth characteristics of colonic epithelial cells during neoplastic transformation. Progressive phases of abnormal cell development appear in colonic epithelial cells which gain an increased ability to proliferate and accumulate in the mucosa.
d53579e8-d89f-48d4-87ba-82f6d714950b	1	These phases in the expression of neoplastic transformation of colonic cells are best defined in the dominant inherited disease of man as adenomatosis of the colon and rectum. Individuals with inherited adenomatosis and those in lesser risk categories can be classified by cell phenotype based on changes in the proliferation and maturation of colonic and other cells.
d53579e8-d89f-48d4-87ba-82f6d714950b	2	These classifications are leading to new predictive indices which identify heightened degrees of susceptibility of individuals who are at increased risk for colon cancer, and the stage of development of their disease. The indices also are being used to study the contribution of specific elements in the enviroment that modify or accelerate the progression of disease.
34e8f975-eac6-49bd-9b86-83849c4d8def	0	Laboratory aids to diagnosis--enzymes. A summary is presented of those organ specific enzyme assays traditionally used in evaluation of the patient with cancer. In addition, the use of certain serum enzymes such as gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, phosphohexose isomerase or 5'-nucleotidase as aids in following the course of the disease, particularly in patients with metastatic spread to the liver is outlined.
34e8f975-eac6-49bd-9b86-83849c4d8def	1	Also considered is the utility of enzyme analysis in biopsy tissue, biologic fluids, and washings of body cavities. Newer enzymes are considered which might, in the future, be developed as diagnostic tools or as probes for the understanding of the etiology of cancer.
6f90f9d0-fbc3-4d23-8074-710066b8b10d	0	Increase in alkaline phosphatase activity in the liver of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumor. In mice bearing Ehrilich ascites tumors, alkaline phosphatase activity was increased fivefold in the liver and by 50% in the kidney. In mice bearing solid tumors caused by inoculation of tumor cells into the axillary region, the activity of this enzyme in the liver was increased 11-fold, whereas the activity in the kidney did not change.
6f90f9d0-fbc3-4d23-8074-710066b8b10d	1	Alkaline phosphatase activities in the liver and kidney were not altered by administration of adrenal steroids. Adrenalectomy, fasting, and pregnancy did not affect the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the liver and kidney. Treatment with tumor extracts or ascites fluid of normal mice increased liver alkaline phosphatase activity.
6f90f9d0-fbc3-4d23-8074-710066b8b10d	2	These findings suggested that the elevation of liver alkaline phosphatase activity was cuased primarily by the tumor itself, and not by hormonal imbalance provoked secondarily by the presence of the tumor.
c6bad430-6735-4550-9431-2fa37aa5be9d	0	Monoamine storage sites in the rat superior cervical ganglion following synthesis inhibition. Monoamine storage sites in paraganglionic (PG-) cells of the rat superior cervical ganglion were investigated by electron and fluorescence microscopy following treatment with p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA), disulfiram or guanethidine respectively. Dense core vesicles in PG-cells are significantly decreased (p less than 0.001
c6bad430-6735-4550-9431-2fa37aa5be9d	1	) in number following pCPA, and in the majority of these cells following disulfiram and guanethidine. However in a minor portion of PG-cells the latter agents cause an increase in number and in size of dense core vesicles, in parallel with structural alterations. In agreement with these electron microscopic findings fluorescence microscopic and cytophotometric evaluations reveal a general decrease in catecholamine content with few cells showing an increase.
c6bad430-6735-4550-9431-2fa37aa5be9d	2	The findings provide a morphological basis for the assumption, that monoamine storage sites in PG-cells can be decreased by inhibition of monoamine synthesis, following administration of pCPA, disulfiram and guanethidine. However the two types of responses of PG-cells which occur after disulfiram and guanethidine demonstrate a functional heterogeneity of this cell system in the rat superior cervical ganglion which is discussed.
c65c1cb3-93cc-45ad-a651-3a8da02723be	0	Ultracytochemistry of the synaptic ribbons in the rat pineal organ. The synaptic complexes of the rat pinealocytes are neither cholinergic nor adrenergic. In the synaptic vesicles, a neurotransmitter carrier substance of lipid nature reacting with OsO4-Zn I2 mixture (similar to that present in both cholinergic and adrenergic vesicles) was not found.
c65c1cb3-93cc-45ad-a651-3a8da02723be	1	In addition, there were no indications of glucose-6-phosphatase or thiamine-pyrophosphatase activity in the synaptic vesicles. Thus, it appears that the synaptic vesicles do not originate from the rough or smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The synaptic ribbons do not contain carbohydrates, are of protein nature and possess some chemical resemblance to microtubules and microtubular bouquets.
c65c1cb3-93cc-45ad-a651-3a8da02723be	2	Appropriate ultracytochemical reactions have not shown detectable quantities of sodium and calcium ions in pinealocyte synaptic complexes.
fe59ce0f-e5ea-40fc-9186-086b44fbd1d2	0	Afferent neural pathway in the regulation of cardiopulmonary responses to tissue hypermetabolism. We studied the role of neural transmission from hypermetabolic peripheral tissues in the regulation of cardiac output and pulmonary ventilation in chloralose-anesthetized dogs. Cross-circulation techniques with femoral-femoral or femoral-aortic anastomoses were used to produce a vascularly isolated, but normally innervated, hindlimb or lower half-body, 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) was infused into the arterial side of the perfusion circuit to triple oxygen consumption and to increase lactate production by the cross-perfused area.
fe59ce0f-e5ea-40fc-9186-086b44fbd1d2	1	After infusion of DNP, cardiac output and mean systemic arterial blood pressure increased, but neither heart rate nor pulmonary artery wedge pressure changed significantly. Pulmonary minute ventilation and arterial pH also increased, while arterial PCO2 fell. These changes were abolished when the nerve connections between the perfused limb and its parent body were severed.
fe59ce0f-e5ea-40fc-9186-086b44fbd1d2	2	Normal saline, when administered in a similar manner, did not increase either ventilation or cardiac output, and simple denervation without previous infusions of DNP also had no effect. These results indicate that there are receptors sensitive to metabolic changes in the tissue, and that neural transmission is an important afferent link in regulating the cardiopulmonary responses to increased tissue metabolism.
71dc81ac-bb20-4033-9cf9-4c70318a7028	0	Determination of the molar absorptivity of NADH. The molar absorptivity of NADH at 340 nm has been determined by an indirect procedure in which high-purity glucose is phosphorylated by ATP in the presence of hexokinase, coupled to oxidation of the glucose-6-phosphate by NAD+ in the presence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
71dc81ac-bb20-4033-9cf9-4c70318a7028	1	The average value from 85 independent determinations is 6317 liter mol-1 cm-1 at 25 degrees C and pH 7.8. The overall uncertainty is -4.0 to +5.5 ppt (6292 to 6352 liter mol-1 cm-1), based on a standard error of the mean of 0.48 ppt and an estimate of systematic error of -2.6
71dc81ac-bb20-4033-9cf9-4c70318a7028	2	to +4.1 ppt. Effects of pH, buffer, and temperature on the molar absorptivity are also reported.
2ce44357-aac7-42eb-afaf-0a75e4bbf504	0	Molar absorptivities of beta-NADH and beta-NADPH. Re-investigating the accuracy of the commonly used values for molar absorptivities (epsilon) of beta-NADH and beta-NADPH at Hg 334, Hg 365, or 340 nm, we obtained the following results: The maximum of absorbance of NADH is shifted from about 340 nm at 0 degrees C to about 338.5
2ce44357-aac7-42eb-afaf-0a75e4bbf504	1	nm at 38 degrees C; the corresponding maxima of NADPH are located at about 0.5-nm longer wavelengths. In addition, the absorption curves of both coenzymes broaden with increasing temperature. For these reasons, the epsilon-values of NADH and NADPH are generally different from each other, and are temperature-dependent.
2ce44357-aac7-42eb-afaf-0a75e4bbf504	2	Only at 334 nm are they almost identical and nearly independent of temperature. Therefore this wavelength is recommended for precise measurements. The epsilon-values of these coenzymes are influenced by ionic strength and pH. To determine the absolute values of the molar absorptivities, we performed the glutamate dehydrogenase or lactate dehydrogenase assay with carefully purified 2-oxoglutaric acid or pyruvic acid in the presence of excess coenzyme.
2ce44357-aac7-42eb-afaf-0a75e4bbf504	3	The purity of the substrates was checked through differential scanning calorimetry, moisture analysis, gas-liquid chromatography, gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The epsilon-values observed under the various conditions are about 1-7% higher than those currently used.
79846cb6-bc7a-4664-b54a-eef6d16dcd90	0	Analysis for indole compounds in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. We describe a chromatographic system involving a high-performance chemically-bonded reverse-phase column and fluorescence detection for measurement of indoles in urine. We controlled retention and selectivity by optimizing the methanol content and pH of the mobile phase.
79846cb6-bc7a-4664-b54a-eef6d16dcd90	1	Six reference indoles were separated in less than 20 min; three 5-hydroxyindoles were eluted in less than 7 min. About 5-15 ng of aqueous solutions of these compounds can be detected. The combination of selectivity (from use of the chromatographic column) and fluorescence detection permitted analysis for five of the six indoles after a single urine-deproteinization step.
2bc52170-a28f-4912-a6bc-f2e68ab2d76d	0	Effect of halothane anesthesia on muscle, liver, thyroid, and adrenal-function tests in man. Seven healthy men volunteers received 6.6 +/- 1.3 (SD) percent-hours of halothane oxygen anesthesia without surgery. Serum bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase significantly increased after anesthesia, which may indicate subclinical liver-cell damage.
2bc52170-a28f-4912-a6bc-f2e68ab2d76d	1	Creatine kinase of skeletal muscle origin increased above 90 U/liter in six subjects, indicating subclinical muscle-cell damage. Cortisol, triiodothyronine uptake, thyroxine, and free thyroxine index increased significantly immediately after anesthesia. Serum bromide concentrations had increased by fivefold on the second day after anesthesia, and on the ninth day was still elevated fourfold.
2bc52170-a28f-4912-a6bc-f2e68ab2d76d	2	Oral temperatures increased 0.7 degrees C 6 h post-anesthesia, possibly because of increased thyroxine activity. Lactate dehydrogenase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities did not change significantly. No drugs administered during the course of this study chemically interfered with any of the test methods used.
e614c7c3-2b4a-4833-96b9-cdfb539596f7	0	Improved assay for urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. We describe a simple, rapid, reliable method for determining urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. A neutral resin (Amberlite XAD-2), which is a non-ionic cross-linked polystyrene, is used to extract and concentrate the steroids, which are then quantitatively determined with the Porter-Silber reaction.
e614c7c3-2b4a-4833-96b9-cdfb539596f7	1	Use of the resin eliminates the need for enzymatic hydrolysis and n-butanol extractions, thereby decreasing analysis time considerably; results can be obtained within 3 h of receipt of specimens. Most of the nonsteroidal Porter-Silber chromogens are removed, resulting in a method that is highly specific and sensitive, even at low concentrations (0.6
e614c7c3-2b4a-4833-96b9-cdfb539596f7	2	mg/liter), and so more accurate and reproducible than currently used methods.
94745c07-de80-46e9-9e1c-10f915c1db73	0	Radioimmunoassay of plasma renin activity. We describe a sensitive, simplified radioimmunoassay method for determination of plasma renin activity. Plasma was acidified to the optimal pH (6.0) of angiotensin l generation with the least possible dilution, by using a single addition of hydrochloric acid and the enzyme inhibitor hydroxyquinoline.
94745c07-de80-46e9-9e1c-10f915c1db73	1	Recovery of unlabeled angiotensin l added to plasma was 92-97%; that of monoiodinated angiotensin l exceeded 90%, indicating satisfactory protection from proteolytic enzymes. Plasma constituents interfered little with the radioimmunoassay. Bland values for plasma kept at 0 degrees C were 10.7 +/- 2.3 (mean +/- SD) percent of the activity values for samples kept at +37 degrees C (n equals 63).
94745c07-de80-46e9-9e1c-10f915c1db73	2	In the routine setting, 6.25 pg of angiotensin l or 10(-6) Goldblatt units of Standard Human Renin was detected. We report results of plasma renin activity measurements and a comparison with seven renin kits, and with bioassay for plasma renin activity.
a19c7202-f2d6-4196-a567-16b9d0467026	0	P-Hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide procedure for serum glucose adapted to the Technicon "SMA 12/60," and compared with other glucose methods. We adapted the p-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide procedure for serum glucose for use with the Technicon SMA 12/60 AutoAnalyzer. Like the o-toluidine method, this method is based on a general carbohydrate reaction except that it occurs in a mildly alkaline medium and the intense yellow color formed is measured at 400 nm.
a19c7202-f2d6-4196-a567-16b9d0467026	1	Advantages of this reagent over o-toluidine include lower cost, less toxicity, and higher purity. Aside from those carbohydrates that are present in serum in insignificant quantities, there are no interferences from various physiological compounds or drugs (hypoglycemic agents) found either in normal persons or diabetics. Within-run and day-to-day values had coefficients of variation of 1.39
a19c7202-f2d6-4196-a567-16b9d0467026	2	% and 3.44%, respectively; recoveries ranged from 100 to 102% (mean, 101%). Comparative data showed excellent agreement with the hexokinase (r equals 0.998; y equals 0.950x + 5.91) and glucose oxidase (r equals 0.996; y equals 0.986x + 5.34) enzymatic ("true") glucose methods, and with the o-toluidine procedure (r equals 0.998
a19c7202-f2d6-4196-a567-16b9d0467026	3	; y equals 0.979x + 3.14).
6a8aefac-d4e0-4559-b712-756c0708fcfb	0	Lipoamide dehydrogenase in serum: a preliminary report. Lipoamide dehydrogenase was identified in serum and the optimal conditions for its assay at 30 degrees C were defined. The pH optimum in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer is 7.8, and activity is inhibited if buffer concentration exceeds 100 mmol/liter. Saturating concentrations of the substrates NAD+ and lipoamide are 3 mmol/liter and 5 mmol/liter, respectively.
6a8aefac-d4e0-4559-b712-756c0708fcfb	1	Activity is decreased eightfold when lipoic acid is substituted for lipoamide. Activity is linearly related to enzyme concentration up to limiting absorbance change of 0.300 at 340 nm, and both within-day and day-to-day precision are satisfactory. Data suggest a normal range (2 SD) of 3-19 kU/liter.
6a8aefac-d4e0-4559-b712-756c0708fcfb	2	The highest value measured in serum was 473 kU/liter. A correlation with direct bilirubin concentrations (r equals 0.435, P less than 0.01) was found.
52ef7192-e591-4037-bb1b-a2b395341b9c	0	Direct radioimmunoassay of plasma cortisol. The simplification of the measurement of circulating cortisol by direct radioimmunoassay of plasma samples sets the problem of inhibiting the carrier proteins competing with antibodies. This was accomplished by exploiting the much higher effectiveness of pH and temperature variations on steroid binding to carrier proteins than to antibody sites.
52ef7192-e591-4037-bb1b-a2b395341b9c	1	A solid-phase system was set up, using antisera to cortisol-21-BSA conjucates coupled to CNBr-activated cellulose. The standardized procedure consisted of an incubation at pH 3.5 and room temperature, directly assaying 10 mul of plasma. A methodological and clinical validation of the measurement was carried out through a series of tests aimed at assessing the reliability of results (assay of steroid-deprived plasma, recovery test and serial dilution of samples, comparison between different antisera and with different methods including extraction, responsiveness to well-established physiological situations).
52ef7192-e591-4037-bb1b-a2b395341b9c	2	The results obtained are reported and the validity of the method discussed in terms of more general applicability to steroid assay.
70abaae7-0422-45a7-94e7-3f7852ebdfd0	0	Methodological simplifications in radioimmunoassay of urinary aldosterone. Simplification of radioimmunoassay procedures of urinary aldosterone-18-glucuronide was attempted, taking into consideration the aspects implied by the hydrolysis of urine and the assay itself. The procedure standardized for the hydrolysis step (samples diluted with a two-fold volume of 0.2
70abaae7-0422-45a7-94e7-3f7852ebdfd0	1	N HCl and incubated at 30 degrees C for 16-24 h) proved suitable in terms of practicability and accuracy. Aldosterone antisera, raised in the rabbit against an aldosterone-3-bovine albumin conjugate, were selected according to their specificity towards competing steroids. Depending on the characteristics of the antisera used, an assay of extracts, or even direct measurements of hydrolyzed urines excluding any extraction, were found to yield reliable results.
70abaae7-0422-45a7-94e7-3f7852ebdfd0	2	In the case of a high-quality antiserum, evidence for the adequacy of assay on non-hydrolyzed urine extracts for the measurement of the excretion of unconjugated aldosterone was provided by some preliminary data. The results of the experiments, directed at the methodological and clinical validation of the simplified procedures, are reported and discussed in this paper.
bfed341f-787b-4fa8-85d8-e8077d020fc7	0	[Studies on the activities of peptidases from human leucocytes, and human and guinea pig alveolar macrophages (author's transl)]. Peptidases activities were compared in human leucocytes, guinea pig and human alveolar macrophages. Seversl endo- and exopeptides were characterized; some of them were active at acid pH and others at neutral and alkaline pH.
bfed341f-787b-4fa8-85d8-e8077d020fc7	1	Leucocytes and alveolar macrophages had proteolygic activity for hemoglobin, fibrinogen, collagen and elastin. Using synthetic substrates, several enzymes were characterized: arylamidase, aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidases A and B and cathepsins A and C. The enzymatic activities were much higher in alveolar macrophages than in leucocytes.
d481fec5-a6eb-41e1-8fbe-7bdc36b71389	0	Experience with a simple method for estrogen receptor assay in breast cancer. A simple procedure for the assay of specific estrogen receptors in breast cancer tissue is described. Estrogen receptors were detected in 74% of primary tumors, 71% of skin metastases and 63% of lymph node metastases.
d481fec5-a6eb-41e1-8fbe-7bdc36b71389	1	Postmenopausal patients and younger oophorectomized women had estrogen receptor-containing tumors more frequently, and at higher levels, than uncastrated, premenopausal, patients. The stability of estrogen receptors was not affected by the transportation of samples from distant hospitals, providing that they were kept frozen in Tris buffer, pH 8.0
d481fec5-a6eb-41e1-8fbe-7bdc36b71389	2	, at all times.
1b94cd14-4604-44d9-b994-9e8b1afdf216	0	Immunological detection of isoferritins in normal human serum and tissue. A method is described which permits the detection of isoferritins in normal human serum and tissues. The technique makes use of 125I-labelled monospecific anti-human-liver-ferritin antibody to demonstrate the isoferritins after isoelectric focussing of the purified ferritin in polyacrylamide gels.
1b94cd14-4604-44d9-b994-9e8b1afdf216	1	The organ-specific variation in tissue isoferritin profile previously reported in normal subjects has been confirmed by this technique using only 50 ng of each ferritin sample. Serum ferritin from normal healthy subjects was also shown to exhibit a microheterogeneity on isoelectric focussing; six clearly defined isoferritin peaks were detected in the pH range of 5.04
1b94cd14-4604-44d9-b994-9e8b1afdf216	2	to 5.62. This isoferritin profile of normal serum contained isoferritins over the whole range of the various tissue isoferritins suggesting that a number of organs may contribute to the normal serum ferritin pool.
767df176-bbea-42db-ac6c-c0c823c692ae	0	Acceleration of autoimmunity in NZB/NZW F1 mice by graft-versus-host disease. Chronic graft-versus-host (GVH) disease was induced in NZB/NZW F1 (B/W) hybrid female mice by the weekly injection of parental NZB spleen cells. Control mice received injections of syngeneic spleen cells only.
767df176-bbea-42db-ac6c-c0c823c692ae	1	The mice were assayed for antibodies to [3H]DNA and [3H]polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid by a cellulose ester filter radioimmunoassay, and for antibody to thymocytes by a cytotoxicity method. GVH disease accelerated the development of all three antibodies in B/W mice. In addition, sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation of pooled sera suggested that an accelerated switch from 19S to 7S anti-DNA production may be an early effect of GVH.
767df176-bbea-42db-ac6c-c0c823c692ae	2	The mechanism of acceleration is discussed in terms of immunological and viral factors generated by the GVH reaction.
02f8be80-5950-4cf5-98c2-7d4ad2a8aa2e	0	Lymphocyte subpopulations. Human red blood cell rosettes. Human red blood cells (HRBC) even without prior neuraminidase treatment, could form rosettes with human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. The optimum conditions for forming these rosettes were a pH of 7-0 and a medium with 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA).
02f8be80-5950-4cf5-98c2-7d4ad2a8aa2e	1	Rosette proportions became much less at a different pH or using lower concentrations of BSA, or replacing BSA with foetal calf sera (FCS) or human sera. Rosette formation was also promoted by prior treatment of HRBC or lymphocytes with neuraminidase. Mixed rosettes of HRBC and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) showed that HRBC receptors were detectable only on lymphocytes that possessed SRBC receptors, suggesting that HRBC rosette-forming cells were probably thymus-derived (T) cells.
02f8be80-5950-4cf5-98c2-7d4ad2a8aa2e	2	Next, the properties of human red blood cell (HRBC) and sheep red blood cell (SRBC) rosette-forming cells were investigated by comparing the ability of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to form these two types of rosettes after treatment with various inhibitory reagents. HRBC rosettes were relatively more resistant to inhibition with:
02f8be80-5950-4cf5-98c2-7d4ad2a8aa2e	3	(1) proteolytic agents, such as trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin and pronase; (2) anti-thymocyte serum (ATS); (3) metabolic inhibitors, such as sodium azide and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP); (4) cytochalasin B. On further incubation after trypsinization, the lymphocytes recovered some ability to form SRBC rosettes, but continued to lose more of their capability to form HRBC rosettes.
02f8be80-5950-4cf5-98c2-7d4ad2a8aa2e	4	All these results were regarded as circumstantial evidence that the HRBC rosettes might represent a subpopulation of human T lymphocytes.
5df89e14-817b-4f76-ab05-14dc22fbebd1	0	Acetate intolerance during hemodialysis. Acetate is frequently substituted for bicarbonate in hemodialysis solutions. Plasma acetate and bicarbonate concentrations were measured in nine patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis with dialyzate containing acetate. In three patients (2 children and 1 adult) plasma acetate concentrations exceeded 15 mEq/liter during the dialysis. The mechanisms leading to acetate intolerance are probably multiple. It cannot be assumed that dialysis with acetate containing solutions will restore the buffer anion deficit characteristic of chronic renal failure.
585f7f64-dda6-44e8-b068-9b0e922478d2	0	Effect of liver failure on the ventilatory response to hypoxia in man and the goat. 1. The ventilatory responses to transient and steady-state hypoxia were measured in ten patients with hepatic cirrhosis and in ten healthy control subjects. Successive measurements of these responses were also obtained in six goats before and after the experimental production of liver failure.
585f7f64-dda6-44e8-b068-9b0e922478d2	1	Changes in the effect of steady-state hypoxia on the ventilatory response to hypercapnia were evaluated by successive studies in another goat. 2. In spite of a respiratory alkalosis during liver failure, the response to transient hypoxia was greater in the patients than in the control subjects. This response was increased after the onset of liver failure in all the goats.
585f7f64-dda6-44e8-b068-9b0e922478d2	2	3. In healthy humans and goats the responses to transient and steady-state hypoxia were similar in magnitude. During liver failure there was a disparity between the size of these responses, since the ventilatory increment evoked by steady-state hypoxia was unchanged in spite of the increase in response to transient hypoxia.
585f7f64-dda6-44e8-b068-9b0e922478d2	3	Steady-state hypoxia consistently enhanced the ventilatory response to hypercapnia in a healthy goat, but frequently depressed the response to hypercapnia during liver failure. 4. The findings suggest that liver failure heightens the sensitivity of the peripheral chemoreceptors to the hypoxic stimulus, but may increase the tendency of the medullary centres to become depressed in hypoxia.
86c71b1c-79f4-4995-acbe-a28651cac982	0	Ventilatory response to carbon dioxide in tetanus. 1. Ventilatory response to carbon dioxide was measured by the rebreathing technique in seven patients with mild tetanus during the disease state and after clinical recovery. 2. The ventilatory response to carbon dioxide was found to be decreased in the tetanus patients during the disease state with normal response after full clinical recovery. It is postulated that the restrictive ventilatory defect was responsible for the decreased ventilatory response to carbon dioxide.
3977debe-e007-4db8-8cce-8401ef382f8e	0	[Treatment of severe hypnotic poisoning with extracorporeal haemoperfusion (author's transl)]. Four patients with severe hypnotic intoxication, twice after suicidal intake of barbital, once of barbital, methaqualone and carbromal, and once of carbromal, were treated with six activated charcoal haemoperfusions. Three patients showed rapid improvement in the level of consciousness followed by complete recovery. One female patient died in cerebral coma due to complete acute cerebromalacia following hypoxia. Serious complications due to the haemoperfusion did not occur. Correct use of activated charcoal haemoperfusion enriches the therapeutic spectrum of severe exogenous intoxications.
66901e94-fa2f-42a6-a0fd-c1e0ac7bccdd	0	Failure to monoaminergic and cholinergic receptor blockers to prevent prostaglandin E2-induced luteinizing hormone release. Receptor blocking drugs were used to determine whether adrenergic, dopaminergic, serotoninergic, or cholinergic synapses are involved in mediating the LH release induced by intraventricularly injected PGE2. Prostaglandin E2 (5mug) was injected into the 3rd ventricle (3rd V) of ovariectomized rats, and plasma LH concentrations before and after treatment were determined by radioimmunoassay.
66901e94-fa2f-42a6-a0fd-c1e0ac7bccdd	1	Phentolamine, 20 or 30 mug, or pronethalol, 20 mug (alpha and beta adrenergic receptor blockers, respectively) injected into the 3rd V failed to alter the elevation of plasma LH evoked by PGE2 injected into the ventricle 10 min later. Likewise, LH release following PGE2 was not changed when a dopaminergic blocker, pimozide (0.63
66901e94-fa2f-42a6-a0fd-c1e0ac7bccdd	2	mg/kg, SC), was injected 2 h prior to PGE2. Two antagonists of serotonin, methysergide maleate (3 mg/kg ip) or cinanserin HC1 (1 mg/kg iv) given 2 h or 45 min before PGE2, respectively, failed to alter the action of PGE2. Atropine (100 or 250 mug) injected into the 3rd V 10 min prior to PGE2 was also ineffective in blocking the increase in plasma LH following PGE2.
66901e94-fa2f-42a6-a0fd-c1e0ac7bccdd	3	The results of this study indicate that the effect of PGE2 on LH release is not mediated by adrenergic, dopaminergic, serotoninergic, or cholinergic receptors. They also suggest that PGE2 is not acting trans-synaptically but probably directly on the LHRH neuron to induce the discharge of LHRH into the hypophysial portal vessels which then evokes release of LH from the adenohypophysis.
94970409-8992-4a60-89c8-860887d6dc75	0	Neurotransmitter regulation of growth hormone and ACTH in the rhesus monkey: effects of biogenic amines. In an attempt to clarify the role of central neurotransmitters in GH and ACTH regulation, chair-adapted unanesthetized adult male rhesus monkeys and chronic indwelling intratrial cannulae were given 30 min infusions of various agonists known to affect central amines, and plasma samples were withdrawn for GH and cortisol determinations.
94970409-8992-4a60-89c8-860887d6dc75	1	Infusion of acid-saline vehicle alone had no significant effect on plasma GH or cortisol (P less than 0.05). L-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa) (4.5 and 45 mg/kg), but not apomorphine (7 mug/kg), a specific dopaminergic agonist, produced significant elevations of GH. Both noradrenergic (clonidine HCl, 1.5
94970409-8992-4a60-89c8-860887d6dc75	2	, 15, and 150 mug/kg, and D,L-threodihydroxyphenylserine (D,L-threodops) 90 mg/kg) and serotoninergic (5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5-HTP), 45 mg/kg) agonists induced significant GH responses. These findings suggest that GH is regulated in the rhesus monkey by noradrenergic and serotoninergic neurons, whereas participation of dopaminergic neurons has not been established.
94970409-8992-4a60-89c8-860887d6dc75	3	Significant cortisol responses were only observed following infusion of 5HTP (45 mg/kg). Dopaminergic and noradrenergic agonists not only failed to alter resting cortisol levels but also did not affect the cortisol response to 5-HTP. In the rhesus monkey serotoninergic mechanisms appear to be responsible for the regulation of resting cortisol levels.
94970409-8992-4a60-89c8-860887d6dc75	4	A catecholamine inhibitory mechanism was not demonstrated in this species.
7c36ddd4-3fe8-48e6-857e-1d16a2986d89	0	Adrenergic binding sites and enzyme activities in the heart of hyperthyroid rats. In present study interactions of some adrenergic drugs with the binding of 3H-norepinephrine (NE) and response of some enzymatic systems in the heart of rats with pharmacological hyperthyroidism have been investigated. Binding of NE to cardiac particles was inhibited by isoproterenol, propranolol and in lower concentrations by another beta-blocking drug trimepranol both in control and hyperthyroid hearts in the same degree.
7c36ddd4-3fe8-48e6-857e-1d16a2986d89	1	However, after addition of nonradioactive norepinephrine (10(-3) M) the degree of displacement was lower in hyperthyroid than in euthyroid group. Activity of adenylate cyclase was lower in hyperthyroid cardiac particles. This difference remained preserved after stimulation by norepinephrine or NaF. The activities of hormone-sensitive lipase and lipoprotein lipase were increased in preparation of hyperthyroid hearts.
7c36ddd4-3fe8-48e6-857e-1d16a2986d89	2	The phosphorylase "a" activity was also increased in hyperthyroid cardiac particles. There was no change in cardiac adrenergic binding sites properties in hyperthyroidism with the exception of less displacement of NE by nonlabelled hormone. The results indicate that the increased lipolytic and phosphorylase "a" activities in hyperthyroid hearts are not necessarily linked to elevated activity of adenylate cyclase.

fb5235da-a1c5-41ae-8223-177c0e2b48bc

0

[Oxidative metabolism of funicular tissue. II. Determination of the activity of certain Krebs cycle enzymes]. Previous experiments have suggested that a partial metabolic block might restrain the oxidative metabolism of the cord tissue between the decarboxylation of pyruvate and the oxidation of succinate. Some of the dehydrogenases of the Kreb's cycle were assayed on acetone powders prepared from human cords.

fb5235da-a1c5-41ae-8223-177c0e2b48bc

1

Isocitrate dehydrogenases (both NAD and NADP-specific) have much lower activities than the alpha-ketoglutarate- and malate dehydrogenases; a partial block might be located at this level. Moreover, the malic enzyme has a rather high activity, and might play a significant role by regenerating NADPH in a tissue where other sources of this coenzyme are practically absent.

6b7d720d-e159-4d8c-b949-a12b311f0b4a

0

[The effect of amino acids on the excitability of identified autoactive giant neurons of Achatina fulica Férussac]. Effects of the following amino acids were examined on the electrical activity of the two giant neurones (PON and TAN) identified in the subesophageal ganglia of Achatina fulica Férussac :

6b7d720d-e159-4d8c-b949-a12b311f0b4a

1

L-Asp, L-Thr, L-Ser, L-Glu, L-Pro, Gly, L-alpha-Ala, beta-Ala, L-cysteine, L-cystine, L-Val, L-Met, L-Ileu, L-Leu, L-Tyr, L-Phe, L-Lys, L-His, L-Arg, L-Cit, L-Try, GABA and GABOB. Among these substances, we observed an inhibitory effect of GABA and GABOB on the TAN excitability.

6b7d720d-e159-4d8c-b949-a12b311f0b4a

2

GABA showed stronger effect on the TAN than GABOB. This effect of GABA was due to producing hyperpolarization on the TAN membrane. GABA showed a slight excitatory effect on the PON. The effect of GABOB on the PON was very weak and unstable.

423fa8ce-3b72-4d1c-bccb-21bf06ceff97

0

[Rapid production of a biotin deficiency in mice]. This work describes a rapid method for the production of a biotin-deficiency in mice. Besides classical morphological symptoms, a decrease of activities of some biotin-dependent enzymes was also observed. The biotin-enzymes are not inhibited at the same extent in a same organ and the metabolic changes do not always follow the enzymatic modifications.

977ce337-1d6f-42bd-9b3d-cc904c6d76a1

0

[Ciguatera: neurophysiologic and histoenzymologic studies of several fractions of ciguatoxic extracts]. Two fractions of ciguatoxic extracts were isolated by chromatography. The first showed anticholinesterasic properties, while the other acted directly on the muscular fibre. These findings were histoenzymologically confirmed. Controls with non-toxic extracts of fishes from the coral benthos reinforce the theory of the ecological origins of ciguatoxins.

42d2dc55-859e-4d74-b09f-a4174a62c351

0

Lorazepam as a premedication. A double-blind random study compared the effects of lorazepam and pantopon an intra-muscular premedication in healthy women for uterine curettage (D & C). Anxiety, as assessed by a self-rating test by the patient and by a trained observer, showed a significant reduction at one and one-half hours after lorazepam and a smaller reduction after pantopon, which was not significant.

42d2dc55-859e-4d74-b09f-a4174a62c351

1

Sedation was satisfactory with no significant difference between the two drugs in the change before and after the premedication. Lorazepam showed much more amnesia than pantopon (p less than 0.001). The patients who had lorazepam required higher doses of thiopentone for the operation, and this, in part, led to longer intervals in recovery times after lorazepam.

42d2dc55-859e-4d74-b09f-a4174a62c351

2

However, it is suggested that lorazepam itself was partly responsible for the longer recovery. Pantopon was followed by more nausea, vomiting and headaches, than lorazepam. The intra-muscular injection of lorazepam hurt more patients than did pantopon, but other local complications were negligible and comparable in both groups.

42d2dc55-859e-4d74-b09f-a4174a62c351

3

The results of this study show that lorazepam produces better reduction of anxiety and much more amnesia than pantopon, with comparable sedation and much less nausea and vomiting. The only disadvantage of lorazepam is the lack of analgesia and, therefore, the need for more anaesthesia during the operation.

42d2dc55-859e-4d74-b09f-a4174a62c351

4

The conclusion is that lorazepam is a very satisfactory premedication and warrants more use as such.

0c4beecb-b2b9-47a1-970e-b0570f1b9b79

0

Studies on fazadinium bromide (ah 8165): a new non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. Intravenous dose-response relationships were used to correlate neuromuscular paralysis with the effects of fazadinium (AH 8165) on autonomic mechanisms in anaesthetized cats and rhesus monkeys and with cardiovascular effects in man. In cats and monkeys neuromuscular paralysis of the twitch responses of the gastrocnemius muscle by fazadinium was accompanied by impairment of the vagally induced bradycardia, but cardiovascular disturbances were small.

0c4beecb-b2b9-47a1-970e-b0570f1b9b79

1

Blockade of sympathetic mechanisms and hypotension were only evident with supra-maximal doses. In man tachycardia was a common occurrence and in some patients hypertension occurred with doses of the drug needed for complete neuromuscular paralysis. Fazadinium was three to four times more potent in rhesus monkeys than in cats and its course of action was considerably longer.

0c4beecb-b2b9-47a1-970e-b0570f1b9b79

2

The potency of the drug in man corresponded more closely to that in cats than in rhesus monkeys but its course of action in patients was similar to that in monkeys. In man, dose-response curves were constructed for the contractions of the adductor pollicis muscles elicited by tetanic and single twitch stimuli applied to the corresponding ulnar nerves.

0c4beecb-b2b9-47a1-970e-b0570f1b9b79

3

The onset of paralysis of the tetanic contractions after the intravenous injection of fazadinium (0.4 mg/kg) occurred within two minutes, but recovery was slow and about 50 minutes were needed for its completion. Depression of the simultaneously recorded twitch responses was less marked, slower in onset and recovery was slightly more rapid.

0c4beecb-b2b9-47a1-970e-b0570f1b9b79

4

These effects were similar to those obtained with tubocurarine (0.2 mg/kg) but the action of fazadinium was slightly shorter. Tetanic-tension ratios were computed after 30 and 50 per cent recovery from neruomuscular blockade in man. These ratios were lower with fazadinium than with tubocurarine and indicated taht tetanic fade was greater and more persistent after fazadinium than after tubocurarine.

d53579e8-d89f-48d4-87ba-82f6d714950b

0

Biology of large bowel cancer. Present status and research frontiers. Man and laboratory rodents exposed to chemical carcinogens both show changes in growth characteristics of colonic epithelial cells during neoplastic transformation. Progressive phases of abnormal cell development appear in colonic epithelial cells which gain an increased ability to proliferate and accumulate in the mucosa.

d53579e8-d89f-48d4-87ba-82f6d714950b

1

These phases in the expression of neoplastic transformation of colonic cells are best defined in the dominant inherited disease of man as adenomatosis of the colon and rectum. Individuals with inherited adenomatosis and those in lesser risk categories can be classified by cell phenotype based on changes in the proliferation and maturation of colonic and other cells.

d53579e8-d89f-48d4-87ba-82f6d714950b

2

These classifications are leading to new predictive indices which identify heightened degrees of susceptibility of individuals who are at increased risk for colon cancer, and the stage of development of their disease. The indices also are being used to study the contribution of specific elements in the enviroment that modify or accelerate the progression of disease.

34e8f975-eac6-49bd-9b86-83849c4d8def

0

Laboratory aids to diagnosis--enzymes. A summary is presented of those organ specific enzyme assays traditionally used in evaluation of the patient with cancer. In addition, the use of certain serum enzymes such as gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, phosphohexose isomerase or 5'-nucleotidase as aids in following the course of the disease, particularly in patients with metastatic spread to the liver is outlined.

34e8f975-eac6-49bd-9b86-83849c4d8def

1

Also considered is the utility of enzyme analysis in biopsy tissue, biologic fluids, and washings of body cavities. Newer enzymes are considered which might, in the future, be developed as diagnostic tools or as probes for the understanding of the etiology of cancer.

6f90f9d0-fbc3-4d23-8074-710066b8b10d

0

Increase in alkaline phosphatase activity in the liver of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumor. In mice bearing Ehrilich ascites tumors, alkaline phosphatase activity was increased fivefold in the liver and by 50% in the kidney. In mice bearing solid tumors caused by inoculation of tumor cells into the axillary region, the activity of this enzyme in the liver was increased 11-fold, whereas the activity in the kidney did not change.

6f90f9d0-fbc3-4d23-8074-710066b8b10d

1

Alkaline phosphatase activities in the liver and kidney were not altered by administration of adrenal steroids. Adrenalectomy, fasting, and pregnancy did not affect the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the liver and kidney. Treatment with tumor extracts or ascites fluid of normal mice increased liver alkaline phosphatase activity.

6f90f9d0-fbc3-4d23-8074-710066b8b10d

2

These findings suggested that the elevation of liver alkaline phosphatase activity was cuased primarily by the tumor itself, and not by hormonal imbalance provoked secondarily by the presence of the tumor.

c6bad430-6735-4550-9431-2fa37aa5be9d

0

Monoamine storage sites in the rat superior cervical ganglion following synthesis inhibition. Monoamine storage sites in paraganglionic (PG-) cells of the rat superior cervical ganglion were investigated by electron and fluorescence microscopy following treatment with p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA), disulfiram or guanethidine respectively. Dense core vesicles in PG-cells are significantly decreased (p less than 0.001

c6bad430-6735-4550-9431-2fa37aa5be9d

1

) in number following pCPA, and in the majority of these cells following disulfiram and guanethidine. However in a minor portion of PG-cells the latter agents cause an increase in number and in size of dense core vesicles, in parallel with structural alterations. In agreement with these electron microscopic findings fluorescence microscopic and cytophotometric evaluations reveal a general decrease in catecholamine content with few cells showing an increase.

c6bad430-6735-4550-9431-2fa37aa5be9d

2

The findings provide a morphological basis for the assumption, that monoamine storage sites in PG-cells can be decreased by inhibition of monoamine synthesis, following administration of pCPA, disulfiram and guanethidine. However the two types of responses of PG-cells which occur after disulfiram and guanethidine demonstrate a functional heterogeneity of this cell system in the rat superior cervical ganglion which is discussed.

c65c1cb3-93cc-45ad-a651-3a8da02723be

0

Ultracytochemistry of the synaptic ribbons in the rat pineal organ. The synaptic complexes of the rat pinealocytes are neither cholinergic nor adrenergic. In the synaptic vesicles, a neurotransmitter carrier substance of lipid nature reacting with OsO4-Zn I2 mixture (similar to that present in both cholinergic and adrenergic vesicles) was not found.

c65c1cb3-93cc-45ad-a651-3a8da02723be

1

In addition, there were no indications of glucose-6-phosphatase or thiamine-pyrophosphatase activity in the synaptic vesicles. Thus, it appears that the synaptic vesicles do not originate from the rough or smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The synaptic ribbons do not contain carbohydrates, are of protein nature and possess some chemical resemblance to microtubules and microtubular bouquets.

c65c1cb3-93cc-45ad-a651-3a8da02723be

2

Appropriate ultracytochemical reactions have not shown detectable quantities of sodium and calcium ions in pinealocyte synaptic complexes.

fe59ce0f-e5ea-40fc-9186-086b44fbd1d2

0

Afferent neural pathway in the regulation of cardiopulmonary responses to tissue hypermetabolism. We studied the role of neural transmission from hypermetabolic peripheral tissues in the regulation of cardiac output and pulmonary ventilation in chloralose-anesthetized dogs. Cross-circulation techniques with femoral-femoral or femoral-aortic anastomoses were used to produce a vascularly isolated, but normally innervated, hindlimb or lower half-body, 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) was infused into the arterial side of the perfusion circuit to triple oxygen consumption and to increase lactate production by the cross-perfused area.

fe59ce0f-e5ea-40fc-9186-086b44fbd1d2

1

After infusion of DNP, cardiac output and mean systemic arterial blood pressure increased, but neither heart rate nor pulmonary artery wedge pressure changed significantly. Pulmonary minute ventilation and arterial pH also increased, while arterial PCO2 fell. These changes were abolished when the nerve connections between the perfused limb and its parent body were severed.

fe59ce0f-e5ea-40fc-9186-086b44fbd1d2

2

Normal saline, when administered in a similar manner, did not increase either ventilation or cardiac output, and simple denervation without previous infusions of DNP also had no effect. These results indicate that there are receptors sensitive to metabolic changes in the tissue, and that neural transmission is an important afferent link in regulating the cardiopulmonary responses to increased tissue metabolism.

71dc81ac-bb20-4033-9cf9-4c70318a7028

0

Determination of the molar absorptivity of NADH. The molar absorptivity of NADH at 340 nm has been determined by an indirect procedure in which high-purity glucose is phosphorylated by ATP in the presence of hexokinase, coupled to oxidation of the glucose-6-phosphate by NAD+ in the presence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.

71dc81ac-bb20-4033-9cf9-4c70318a7028

1

The average value from 85 independent determinations is 6317 liter mol-1 cm-1 at 25 degrees C and pH 7.8. The overall uncertainty is -4.0 to +5.5 ppt (6292 to 6352 liter mol-1 cm-1), based on a standard error of the mean of 0.48 ppt and an estimate of systematic error of -2.6

71dc81ac-bb20-4033-9cf9-4c70318a7028

2

to +4.1 ppt. Effects of pH, buffer, and temperature on the molar absorptivity are also reported.

2ce44357-aac7-42eb-afaf-0a75e4bbf504

0

Molar absorptivities of beta-NADH and beta-NADPH. Re-investigating the accuracy of the commonly used values for molar absorptivities (epsilon) of beta-NADH and beta-NADPH at Hg 334, Hg 365, or 340 nm, we obtained the following results: The maximum of absorbance of NADH is shifted from about 340 nm at 0 degrees C to about 338.5

2ce44357-aac7-42eb-afaf-0a75e4bbf504

1

nm at 38 degrees C; the corresponding maxima of NADPH are located at about 0.5-nm longer wavelengths. In addition, the absorption curves of both coenzymes broaden with increasing temperature. For these reasons, the epsilon-values of NADH and NADPH are generally different from each other, and are temperature-dependent.

2ce44357-aac7-42eb-afaf-0a75e4bbf504

2

Only at 334 nm are they almost identical and nearly independent of temperature. Therefore this wavelength is recommended for precise measurements. The epsilon-values of these coenzymes are influenced by ionic strength and pH. To determine the absolute values of the molar absorptivities, we performed the glutamate dehydrogenase or lactate dehydrogenase assay with carefully purified 2-oxoglutaric acid or pyruvic acid in the presence of excess coenzyme.

2ce44357-aac7-42eb-afaf-0a75e4bbf504

3

The purity of the substrates was checked through differential scanning calorimetry, moisture analysis, gas-liquid chromatography, gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The epsilon-values observed under the various conditions are about 1-7% higher than those currently used.

79846cb6-bc7a-4664-b54a-eef6d16dcd90

0

Analysis for indole compounds in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. We describe a chromatographic system involving a high-performance chemically-bonded reverse-phase column and fluorescence detection for measurement of indoles in urine. We controlled retention and selectivity by optimizing the methanol content and pH of the mobile phase.

79846cb6-bc7a-4664-b54a-eef6d16dcd90

1

Six reference indoles were separated in less than 20 min; three 5-hydroxyindoles were eluted in less than 7 min. About 5-15 ng of aqueous solutions of these compounds can be detected. The combination of selectivity (from use of the chromatographic column) and fluorescence detection permitted analysis for five of the six indoles after a single urine-deproteinization step.

2bc52170-a28f-4912-a6bc-f2e68ab2d76d

0

Effect of halothane anesthesia on muscle, liver, thyroid, and adrenal-function tests in man. Seven healthy men volunteers received 6.6 +/- 1.3 (SD) percent-hours of halothane oxygen anesthesia without surgery. Serum bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase significantly increased after anesthesia, which may indicate subclinical liver-cell damage.

2bc52170-a28f-4912-a6bc-f2e68ab2d76d

1

Creatine kinase of skeletal muscle origin increased above 90 U/liter in six subjects, indicating subclinical muscle-cell damage. Cortisol, triiodothyronine uptake, thyroxine, and free thyroxine index increased significantly immediately after anesthesia. Serum bromide concentrations had increased by fivefold on the second day after anesthesia, and on the ninth day was still elevated fourfold.

2bc52170-a28f-4912-a6bc-f2e68ab2d76d

2

Oral temperatures increased 0.7 degrees C 6 h post-anesthesia, possibly because of increased thyroxine activity. Lactate dehydrogenase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities did not change significantly. No drugs administered during the course of this study chemically interfered with any of the test methods used.

e614c7c3-2b4a-4833-96b9-cdfb539596f7

0

Improved assay for urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. We describe a simple, rapid, reliable method for determining urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. A neutral resin (Amberlite XAD-2), which is a non-ionic cross-linked polystyrene, is used to extract and concentrate the steroids, which are then quantitatively determined with the Porter-Silber reaction.

e614c7c3-2b4a-4833-96b9-cdfb539596f7

1

Use of the resin eliminates the need for enzymatic hydrolysis and n-butanol extractions, thereby decreasing analysis time considerably; results can be obtained within 3 h of receipt of specimens. Most of the nonsteroidal Porter-Silber chromogens are removed, resulting in a method that is highly specific and sensitive, even at low concentrations (0.6

e614c7c3-2b4a-4833-96b9-cdfb539596f7

2

mg/liter), and so more accurate and reproducible than currently used methods.

94745c07-de80-46e9-9e1c-10f915c1db73

0

Radioimmunoassay of plasma renin activity. We describe a sensitive, simplified radioimmunoassay method for determination of plasma renin activity. Plasma was acidified to the optimal pH (6.0) of angiotensin l generation with the least possible dilution, by using a single addition of hydrochloric acid and the enzyme inhibitor hydroxyquinoline.

94745c07-de80-46e9-9e1c-10f915c1db73

1

Recovery of unlabeled angiotensin l added to plasma was 92-97%; that of monoiodinated angiotensin l exceeded 90%, indicating satisfactory protection from proteolytic enzymes. Plasma constituents interfered little with the radioimmunoassay. Bland values for plasma kept at 0 degrees C were 10.7 +/- 2.3 (mean +/- SD) percent of the activity values for samples kept at +37 degrees C (n equals 63).

94745c07-de80-46e9-9e1c-10f915c1db73

2

In the routine setting, 6.25 pg of angiotensin l or 10(-6) Goldblatt units of Standard Human Renin was detected. We report results of plasma renin activity measurements and a comparison with seven renin kits, and with bioassay for plasma renin activity.

a19c7202-f2d6-4196-a567-16b9d0467026

0

P-Hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide procedure for serum glucose adapted to the Technicon "SMA 12/60," and compared with other glucose methods. We adapted the p-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide procedure for serum glucose for use with the Technicon SMA 12/60 AutoAnalyzer. Like the o-toluidine method, this method is based on a general carbohydrate reaction except that it occurs in a mildly alkaline medium and the intense yellow color formed is measured at 400 nm.

a19c7202-f2d6-4196-a567-16b9d0467026

1

Advantages of this reagent over o-toluidine include lower cost, less toxicity, and higher purity. Aside from those carbohydrates that are present in serum in insignificant quantities, there are no interferences from various physiological compounds or drugs (hypoglycemic agents) found either in normal persons or diabetics. Within-run and day-to-day values had coefficients of variation of 1.39

a19c7202-f2d6-4196-a567-16b9d0467026

2

% and 3.44%, respectively; recoveries ranged from 100 to 102% (mean, 101%). Comparative data showed excellent agreement with the hexokinase (r equals 0.998; y equals 0.950x + 5.91) and glucose oxidase (r equals 0.996; y equals 0.986x + 5.34) enzymatic ("true") glucose methods, and with the o-toluidine procedure (r equals 0.998

a19c7202-f2d6-4196-a567-16b9d0467026

3

; y equals 0.979x + 3.14).

6a8aefac-d4e0-4559-b712-756c0708fcfb

0

Lipoamide dehydrogenase in serum: a preliminary report. Lipoamide dehydrogenase was identified in serum and the optimal conditions for its assay at 30 degrees C were defined. The pH optimum in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer is 7.8, and activity is inhibited if buffer concentration exceeds 100 mmol/liter. Saturating concentrations of the substrates NAD+ and lipoamide are 3 mmol/liter and 5 mmol/liter, respectively.

6a8aefac-d4e0-4559-b712-756c0708fcfb

1

Activity is decreased eightfold when lipoic acid is substituted for lipoamide. Activity is linearly related to enzyme concentration up to limiting absorbance change of 0.300 at 340 nm, and both within-day and day-to-day precision are satisfactory. Data suggest a normal range (2 SD) of 3-19 kU/liter.

6a8aefac-d4e0-4559-b712-756c0708fcfb

2

The highest value measured in serum was 473 kU/liter. A correlation with direct bilirubin concentrations (r equals 0.435, P less than 0.01) was found.

52ef7192-e591-4037-bb1b-a2b395341b9c

0

Direct radioimmunoassay of plasma cortisol. The simplification of the measurement of circulating cortisol by direct radioimmunoassay of plasma samples sets the problem of inhibiting the carrier proteins competing with antibodies. This was accomplished by exploiting the much higher effectiveness of pH and temperature variations on steroid binding to carrier proteins than to antibody sites.

52ef7192-e591-4037-bb1b-a2b395341b9c

1

A solid-phase system was set up, using antisera to cortisol-21-BSA conjucates coupled to CNBr-activated cellulose. The standardized procedure consisted of an incubation at pH 3.5 and room temperature, directly assaying 10 mul of plasma. A methodological and clinical validation of the measurement was carried out through a series of tests aimed at assessing the reliability of results (assay of steroid-deprived plasma, recovery test and serial dilution of samples, comparison between different antisera and with different methods including extraction, responsiveness to well-established physiological situations).

52ef7192-e591-4037-bb1b-a2b395341b9c

2

The results obtained are reported and the validity of the method discussed in terms of more general applicability to steroid assay.

70abaae7-0422-45a7-94e7-3f7852ebdfd0

0

Methodological simplifications in radioimmunoassay of urinary aldosterone. Simplification of radioimmunoassay procedures of urinary aldosterone-18-glucuronide was attempted, taking into consideration the aspects implied by the hydrolysis of urine and the assay itself. The procedure standardized for the hydrolysis step (samples diluted with a two-fold volume of 0.2

70abaae7-0422-45a7-94e7-3f7852ebdfd0

1

N HCl and incubated at 30 degrees C for 16-24 h) proved suitable in terms of practicability and accuracy. Aldosterone antisera, raised in the rabbit against an aldosterone-3-bovine albumin conjugate, were selected according to their specificity towards competing steroids. Depending on the characteristics of the antisera used, an assay of extracts, or even direct measurements of hydrolyzed urines excluding any extraction, were found to yield reliable results.

70abaae7-0422-45a7-94e7-3f7852ebdfd0

2

In the case of a high-quality antiserum, evidence for the adequacy of assay on non-hydrolyzed urine extracts for the measurement of the excretion of unconjugated aldosterone was provided by some preliminary data. The results of the experiments, directed at the methodological and clinical validation of the simplified procedures, are reported and discussed in this paper.

bfed341f-787b-4fa8-85d8-e8077d020fc7

0

[Studies on the activities of peptidases from human leucocytes, and human and guinea pig alveolar macrophages (author's transl)]. Peptidases activities were compared in human leucocytes, guinea pig and human alveolar macrophages. Seversl endo- and exopeptides were characterized; some of them were active at acid pH and others at neutral and alkaline pH.

bfed341f-787b-4fa8-85d8-e8077d020fc7

1

Leucocytes and alveolar macrophages had proteolygic activity for hemoglobin, fibrinogen, collagen and elastin. Using synthetic substrates, several enzymes were characterized: arylamidase, aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidases A and B and cathepsins A and C. The enzymatic activities were much higher in alveolar macrophages than in leucocytes.

d481fec5-a6eb-41e1-8fbe-7bdc36b71389

0

Experience with a simple method for estrogen receptor assay in breast cancer. A simple procedure for the assay of specific estrogen receptors in breast cancer tissue is described. Estrogen receptors were detected in 74% of primary tumors, 71% of skin metastases and 63% of lymph node metastases.

d481fec5-a6eb-41e1-8fbe-7bdc36b71389

1

Postmenopausal patients and younger oophorectomized women had estrogen receptor-containing tumors more frequently, and at higher levels, than uncastrated, premenopausal, patients. The stability of estrogen receptors was not affected by the transportation of samples from distant hospitals, providing that they were kept frozen in Tris buffer, pH 8.0

d481fec5-a6eb-41e1-8fbe-7bdc36b71389

2

, at all times.

1b94cd14-4604-44d9-b994-9e8b1afdf216

0

Immunological detection of isoferritins in normal human serum and tissue. A method is described which permits the detection of isoferritins in normal human serum and tissues. The technique makes use of 125I-labelled monospecific anti-human-liver-ferritin antibody to demonstrate the isoferritins after isoelectric focussing of the purified ferritin in polyacrylamide gels.

1b94cd14-4604-44d9-b994-9e8b1afdf216

1

The organ-specific variation in tissue isoferritin profile previously reported in normal subjects has been confirmed by this technique using only 50 ng of each ferritin sample. Serum ferritin from normal healthy subjects was also shown to exhibit a microheterogeneity on isoelectric focussing; six clearly defined isoferritin peaks were detected in the pH range of 5.04

1b94cd14-4604-44d9-b994-9e8b1afdf216

2

to 5.62. This isoferritin profile of normal serum contained isoferritins over the whole range of the various tissue isoferritins suggesting that a number of organs may contribute to the normal serum ferritin pool.

767df176-bbea-42db-ac6c-c0c823c692ae

0

Acceleration of autoimmunity in NZB/NZW F1 mice by graft-versus-host disease. Chronic graft-versus-host (GVH) disease was induced in NZB/NZW F1 (B/W) hybrid female mice by the weekly injection of parental NZB spleen cells. Control mice received injections of syngeneic spleen cells only.

767df176-bbea-42db-ac6c-c0c823c692ae

1

The mice were assayed for antibodies to [3H]DNA and [3H]polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid by a cellulose ester filter radioimmunoassay, and for antibody to thymocytes by a cytotoxicity method. GVH disease accelerated the development of all three antibodies in B/W mice. In addition, sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation of pooled sera suggested that an accelerated switch from 19S to 7S anti-DNA production may be an early effect of GVH.

767df176-bbea-42db-ac6c-c0c823c692ae

2

The mechanism of acceleration is discussed in terms of immunological and viral factors generated by the GVH reaction.

02f8be80-5950-4cf5-98c2-7d4ad2a8aa2e

0

Lymphocyte subpopulations. Human red blood cell rosettes. Human red blood cells (HRBC) even without prior neuraminidase treatment, could form rosettes with human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. The optimum conditions for forming these rosettes were a pH of 7-0 and a medium with 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA).

02f8be80-5950-4cf5-98c2-7d4ad2a8aa2e

1

Rosette proportions became much less at a different pH or using lower concentrations of BSA, or replacing BSA with foetal calf sera (FCS) or human sera. Rosette formation was also promoted by prior treatment of HRBC or lymphocytes with neuraminidase. Mixed rosettes of HRBC and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) showed that HRBC receptors were detectable only on lymphocytes that possessed SRBC receptors, suggesting that HRBC rosette-forming cells were probably thymus-derived (T) cells.

02f8be80-5950-4cf5-98c2-7d4ad2a8aa2e

2

Next, the properties of human red blood cell (HRBC) and sheep red blood cell (SRBC) rosette-forming cells were investigated by comparing the ability of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to form these two types of rosettes after treatment with various inhibitory reagents. HRBC rosettes were relatively more resistant to inhibition with:

02f8be80-5950-4cf5-98c2-7d4ad2a8aa2e

3

(1) proteolytic agents, such as trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin and pronase; (2) anti-thymocyte serum (ATS); (3) metabolic inhibitors, such as sodium azide and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP); (4) cytochalasin B. On further incubation after trypsinization, the lymphocytes recovered some ability to form SRBC rosettes, but continued to lose more of their capability to form HRBC rosettes.

02f8be80-5950-4cf5-98c2-7d4ad2a8aa2e

4

All these results were regarded as circumstantial evidence that the HRBC rosettes might represent a subpopulation of human T lymphocytes.

5df89e14-817b-4f76-ab05-14dc22fbebd1

0

Acetate intolerance during hemodialysis. Acetate is frequently substituted for bicarbonate in hemodialysis solutions. Plasma acetate and bicarbonate concentrations were measured in nine patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis with dialyzate containing acetate. In three patients (2 children and 1 adult) plasma acetate concentrations exceeded 15 mEq/liter during the dialysis. The mechanisms leading to acetate intolerance are probably multiple. It cannot be assumed that dialysis with acetate containing solutions will restore the buffer anion deficit characteristic of chronic renal failure.

585f7f64-dda6-44e8-b068-9b0e922478d2

0

Effect of liver failure on the ventilatory response to hypoxia in man and the goat. 1. The ventilatory responses to transient and steady-state hypoxia were measured in ten patients with hepatic cirrhosis and in ten healthy control subjects. Successive measurements of these responses were also obtained in six goats before and after the experimental production of liver failure.

585f7f64-dda6-44e8-b068-9b0e922478d2

1

Changes in the effect of steady-state hypoxia on the ventilatory response to hypercapnia were evaluated by successive studies in another goat. 2. In spite of a respiratory alkalosis during liver failure, the response to transient hypoxia was greater in the patients than in the control subjects. This response was increased after the onset of liver failure in all the goats.

585f7f64-dda6-44e8-b068-9b0e922478d2

2

3. In healthy humans and goats the responses to transient and steady-state hypoxia were similar in magnitude. During liver failure there was a disparity between the size of these responses, since the ventilatory increment evoked by steady-state hypoxia was unchanged in spite of the increase in response to transient hypoxia.

585f7f64-dda6-44e8-b068-9b0e922478d2

3

Steady-state hypoxia consistently enhanced the ventilatory response to hypercapnia in a healthy goat, but frequently depressed the response to hypercapnia during liver failure. 4. The findings suggest that liver failure heightens the sensitivity of the peripheral chemoreceptors to the hypoxic stimulus, but may increase the tendency of the medullary centres to become depressed in hypoxia.

86c71b1c-79f4-4995-acbe-a28651cac982

0

Ventilatory response to carbon dioxide in tetanus. 1. Ventilatory response to carbon dioxide was measured by the rebreathing technique in seven patients with mild tetanus during the disease state and after clinical recovery. 2. The ventilatory response to carbon dioxide was found to be decreased in the tetanus patients during the disease state with normal response after full clinical recovery. It is postulated that the restrictive ventilatory defect was responsible for the decreased ventilatory response to carbon dioxide.

3977debe-e007-4db8-8cce-8401ef382f8e

0

[Treatment of severe hypnotic poisoning with extracorporeal haemoperfusion (author's transl)]. Four patients with severe hypnotic intoxication, twice after suicidal intake of barbital, once of barbital, methaqualone and carbromal, and once of carbromal, were treated with six activated charcoal haemoperfusions. Three patients showed rapid improvement in the level of consciousness followed by complete recovery. One female patient died in cerebral coma due to complete acute cerebromalacia following hypoxia. Serious complications due to the haemoperfusion did not occur. Correct use of activated charcoal haemoperfusion enriches the therapeutic spectrum of severe exogenous intoxications.

66901e94-fa2f-42a6-a0fd-c1e0ac7bccdd

0

Failure to monoaminergic and cholinergic receptor blockers to prevent prostaglandin E2-induced luteinizing hormone release. Receptor blocking drugs were used to determine whether adrenergic, dopaminergic, serotoninergic, or cholinergic synapses are involved in mediating the LH release induced by intraventricularly injected PGE2. Prostaglandin E2 (5mug) was injected into the 3rd ventricle (3rd V) of ovariectomized rats, and plasma LH concentrations before and after treatment were determined by radioimmunoassay.

66901e94-fa2f-42a6-a0fd-c1e0ac7bccdd

1

Phentolamine, 20 or 30 mug, or pronethalol, 20 mug (alpha and beta adrenergic receptor blockers, respectively) injected into the 3rd V failed to alter the elevation of plasma LH evoked by PGE2 injected into the ventricle 10 min later. Likewise, LH release following PGE2 was not changed when a dopaminergic blocker, pimozide (0.63

66901e94-fa2f-42a6-a0fd-c1e0ac7bccdd

2

mg/kg, SC), was injected 2 h prior to PGE2. Two antagonists of serotonin, methysergide maleate (3 mg/kg ip) or cinanserin HC1 (1 mg/kg iv) given 2 h or 45 min before PGE2, respectively, failed to alter the action of PGE2. Atropine (100 or 250 mug) injected into the 3rd V 10 min prior to PGE2 was also ineffective in blocking the increase in plasma LH following PGE2.

66901e94-fa2f-42a6-a0fd-c1e0ac7bccdd

3

The results of this study indicate that the effect of PGE2 on LH release is not mediated by adrenergic, dopaminergic, serotoninergic, or cholinergic receptors. They also suggest that PGE2 is not acting trans-synaptically but probably directly on the LHRH neuron to induce the discharge of LHRH into the hypophysial portal vessels which then evokes release of LH from the adenohypophysis.