uuid
stringlengths 36
36
| chunk_index
int64 0
24
| text
stringlengths 1
1.82k
⌀ |
|---|---|---|
fd2fe9e9-a1cb-4717-8eb3-4e8fffd53976
| 0 |
Measurement of gastric functions during digestion of ordinary solid meals in man. A method of measuring gastric secretions and emptying rates after ingestion of an ordinary (solid-liquid) meal has been developed and validated. The technique quantifies movements of volume across the pylorus using constant duodenal perfusion with a nonabsorbable marker, polyethylene glycol (PEG), which, in turn, quantifies emptying into the duodenum of another marker, [14C]PEG, incorporated in the meal.
|
fd2fe9e9-a1cb-4717-8eb3-4e8fffd53976
| 1 |
Acid and pepsin outputs can be determined without manipulation of the intragastric pH. Employing this method, we have simultaneously quantified acid, pepsin, and total secretory outputs; rates of gastric emptying of meal and secretions; and serum gastrin levels during digestion. These data characterize physiological responses to ordinary food in health.
|
ca79b03e-1f23-4f4a-98c0-2dfa4c54ea4c
| 0 |
A dopamine receptor in esophageal smooth muscle of the opossum. We examined the possibility that dopamine may play a role in nerve-mediated "off" responses of esophageal body (EB) and relaxations of lower esophageal spincter (LES) smooth muscle. The effects of dopamine, epinine, and dopamine antagonists on EB and LES smooth muscle were studied on these responses.
|
ca79b03e-1f23-4f4a-98c0-2dfa4c54ea4c
| 1 |
Dopamine and epinine caused a dose-related fall in basal LES muscle tension and in amplitude of EB muscle "off" responses. Threshold dose for both was about 10(-7) M, and maximal dose was about 10(-4) M. At high concentrations, they also caused repetitive transient contractions of both LES and EB muscle after the period of inhibition.
|
ca79b03e-1f23-4f4a-98c0-2dfa4c54ea4c
| 2 |
These effects were antagonized by haloperidol, 10(-5) M, and bulbocapnine, 10(-5) M, but were not influenced by propranolol, 10(-5) M, nor by phenoxybenzamine, 10(-5) M. Neither haloperidol nor bulbocapnine influenced responses to electrical field stimulation. Tetrodotoxin 10(-7) M abolished the responses to electrical field stimulation but did not antagonize the effects of dopamine and epinine.
|
ca79b03e-1f23-4f4a-98c0-2dfa4c54ea4c
| 3 |
EB and LES smooth muscle contain a dopamine receptor. It is unlikely that dopamine is involved in responses to electrical field stimulation.
|
3d9f330f-336c-44eb-9d7c-31da6725cbc9
| 0 |
[Continuous subcutaneous pH monitoring in newborns with abnormal metabolism (author's transl)]. In newborns with postpartum acidosis the subcutaneous interstitiel space pH was monitored continuously with the special electrode of Stamm and Moeller. This was compared with intermittent determinations of the pH in the capillary blood from the heel of the infant.
|
3d9f330f-336c-44eb-9d7c-31da6725cbc9
| 1 |
The severity of the metabolic disturbance can be recognized in all test cases with both methods. The correction of the acidosis develops in a concordant manner, in a concordant magnitude and at a largely synchronous rate. The observations show that it is possible to monitor the postpartum adaptation phase by continuous pH monitoring in the interstitial space of the subcutaneous tissue and to observe the efficiency of the treatment of acidosis, administration of oxygen, or a buffer infusion.
|
36f7cca1-e587-4dc1-a4db-f15554307f42
| 0 |
[The significance of gestational age in evaluating the antepartal cardiotokogram (author's transl)]. The influence of gestational age on the probable meaning of features in the antepartal CTG which are not clearly pathological was investigated in 232 births in 1973/74. The umbilical artery pH was significantly lower among premature infants exhibiting abnormal, than among those exhibiting normal CTG patterns.
|
36f7cca1-e587-4dc1-a4db-f15554307f42
| 1 |
No similar difference was found in term or overdue births. The clinical diagnosis of neonatal condition using the Apgar scheme confirmed biochemical findings: The frequency of depressed babies is in turn clearly higher in cases with abnormal antepartal CTG patterns. It is assumed that the reason for this is the higher sensitivity of premature babies to haemodynamic disturbances.
|
36f7cca1-e587-4dc1-a4db-f15554307f42
| 2 |
Thus, it follows that premature babies exhibiting antepartal patterns which are not completely normal require close observation.
|
40e26eb2-c69e-41f7-8122-5c7466c595c6
| 0 |
Characteristics of lipopolysaccharides of Salmonella typhi isolated from carriers and patients suffering from typhoid fever. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Salmonella typhi strains, isolated from carriers and patients suffering from typhoid fever, were characterised according to their biochemical properties, morphological structure and degree of aggregation of complexes. All preparations of LPS, regardless of their origin, were morphologically heterogeneous.
|
40e26eb2-c69e-41f7-8122-5c7466c595c6
| 1 |
Free electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated that LPS preparations were composed of components possessing different mobilities in electric fields. LPS of bacterial strains isolated from both carriers and patients, split upon reaction in immunoelectrophoresis with specific antiserum 73, rabbit antiserum to Salmonella typhi Vi Bhatnagar and 0-901 split into anodic and cathodic fractions.
|
40e26eb2-c69e-41f7-8122-5c7466c595c6
| 2 |
The anodic fraction reacted similarly as Vi antigen. LPS from Salmonella typhi Ty-2 yielded only the cathodic fraction, typical for O antigen. LPS from strains which were passaged twice in nutritional medium possessed identical properties as LPS from fresh cultures of Salmonella typhi. Electron microscopy revealed that LPS appears as long bands, rods, ellipsoid forms and amorphous material.
|
40e26eb2-c69e-41f7-8122-5c7466c595c6
| 3 |
Contrary to amorphous material, the bands, rods and ellipsoid forms possessed three-layer structure.
|
c825a3ee-bcc6-4b34-a465-bc863d002656
| 0 |
Reduction of blood platelet monoamine oxidase activity in schizophrenic patients on phenothiazines. A newly developed assay for monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in blood platelets (serotonin used as substrate) was applied for the measurement of the enzyme activity in 76 schizophrenic patients. No significant reduction was found in the blood platelet MAO activity in a group of 33 untreated schizophrenic patients, as compared to that in the normal controls.
|
c825a3ee-bcc6-4b34-a465-bc863d002656
| 1 |
Male patients revealed to have lower enzyme activity than females in the schizophrenic group, as we described previously in the normal subjects. Treatment with phenothiazines caused significant reduction of blood platelet MAO activity, while platelet serotonin content and platelet count appeared to be not affected by the drug treatment.
|
c825a3ee-bcc6-4b34-a465-bc863d002656
| 2 |
The authors suggest that blood platelet MAO activity may be related to hormonal factors but not to psychiatric diagnosis of schizophrenia or constitution liable to schizophrenic illnesses.
|
34fe514b-bf69-4db8-a6b1-317334721c02
| 0 |
[Inflammatory cerebro-vascular disease: angiographic findings and distribution patterns (author's transl)]. Although cerebral angiography should be approached with caution in the diagnosis of inflammatory cerebro-vascular disease there are some characteristic angiographic findings which may be helpful for classification and differential diagnosis. The proximal cerebral arteries are favourably affected by basal meningitis and thrombangiitis obliterans with resulting stenoses and occlusions.
|
34fe514b-bf69-4db8-a6b1-317334721c02
| 1 |
Whereas those inflammations originating from neighbouring skull structures mostly involve the intracavernous parts of the carotid artery, the tuberculous and mycotic arteritis prefer the supraclinoid carotid siphon. Peripheral vascular changes are found in luetic endangiitis, necrotizing and toxic angiitis and in collagenoses. Simultaneous involvement of the temporal arteries is of great diagnostic importance demonstrating the systemic character of the inflammatory process;
|
34fe514b-bf69-4db8-a6b1-317334721c02
| 2 |
in Horton's arteritis it can be a pathognomonic finding. Infectious endocarditis, some mycoses and malaria may lead to embolic occlusion of cerebral vessels. Mycotic aneurysms mostly have a broad base or a fusiform shape and do not prefer the localizations of congenital aneurysms. Angiographically, abscesses, tuberculomas and viral encephalitis may result in circumscribed hypervascularized areas.
|
34fe514b-bf69-4db8-a6b1-317334721c02
| 3 |
The characteristic angiographic findings are exemplified and discussed on the basis of 8 cases of inflammatory cerebro-vascular disease (tuberculosis, pneumococcal and unspecific bacterial meningitis, syphilis, mycosis, Takayasu-syndrome, panarteritis nodosa, temporal arteritis).
|
60cb52f3-e074-4f42-98cc-10ddfa24f758
| 0 |
Oxidative deamination of biogenic amines by intestinal amine oxidases: histamine is specifically inactivated by diamine oxidase. The ability of the gut to inactivate various amines by oxidative deamination was tested with a 130-fold purified amine oxidase preparation from dog small intestine. Of 34 amines tested, putrescine, benzylamine, cadaverine, and serotonin were the most favourable substrates.
|
60cb52f3-e074-4f42-98cc-10ddfa24f758
| 1 |
Histamine was inactivated rapidly by this enzyme preparation, too. Histamine derivatives methylated at the imidazole nucleus were also deaminated, whereas Nalpha-methylhistamine was only a poor substrate and Nalpha, Nalpha-dimethylhistamine was not a substrate at all. Using a second procedure for the purification of amine oxidases from gut, the separation of a soluble monoamine oxidase from diamine oxidase was achieved by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200.
|
60cb52f3-e074-4f42-98cc-10ddfa24f758
| 2 |
The diamine oxidase deaminated putrescine (Km = 1.3 x 10(-4)M) and histamine (Km = 6.6 x 10(-5)M), but not serotonin, and was inhibited by aminoguanidine, but not by pargyline. The soluble monoamine oxidase inactivated serotonin (Km = 4.5 x 10(-4)M), but not histamine and putrescine and was inhibited by pargyline, but not by aminoguanidine.
|
60cb52f3-e074-4f42-98cc-10ddfa24f758
| 3 |
It was concluded that in dog small intestine (as well as in rabbit small intestine) only diamine oxidase was capable of inactivating histamine by oxidative deamination.
|
fd54b134-8d98-4ce5-a6ca-d326f70d0f3a
| 0 |
Comparative toxicology in vitreous humor and blood. Drug and toxic substances were detected in blood and vitreous humor in fifty-six cases, in which causes of death were both from an overdose of the particular substances and from other unrelated causes. Five instances are reported in which two drug substances were detected in blood and vitreous humor from the same subject.
|
fd54b134-8d98-4ce5-a6ca-d326f70d0f3a
| 1 |
Patients having long survival times, as well as those dying from unrelated causes, reveal drug values to approach unity, when the blood and vitreous concentrations are compared. The ratios reached at equilibrium probably depend on solubility of the drug in vitreous humor, lipid solubility and the percentage protein-bound in the blood.
|
fd54b134-8d98-4ce5-a6ca-d326f70d0f3a
| 2 |
The vitreous humor provides another parameter of testing and may be useful in studies of survival time.
|
275816ff-7eae-4401-867d-d5344d2b4bc3
| 0 |
Electrodecantation of serum proteins. The sedimentation of albumin under the action of the electric and gravitational fields was determined as a function of time in discontinuous experiments in a rectangular cell, using serum with the albumin fraction stained blue. It was shown that even under the influence of strong electric fields, the upper boundary of the albumin layer fell no further than the mid-point of the cell.
|
275816ff-7eae-4401-867d-d5344d2b4bc3
| 1 |
In continuous single-stage separation of gamma-globulin from other serum proteins, only about half the gamma-globulins can be obtained from the solution because it remains homogeneously distributed throughout the solution and is only free from albumin and other proteins in the upper half of the cell. In experiments with continuously operated triangular cells, the process was optimized to give gamma-globulin of 97.5
|
275816ff-7eae-4401-867d-d5344d2b4bc3
| 2 |
% purity in a yield of 80%, at serum flow-through rates of up to 0.5 l/h in a block composed of 40 cells.
|
1208272b-0d60-4fce-93c1-c0d6c701560c
| 0 |
Recent studies on cytochrome P-450-linked functions in isolated rat liver cells. In rat liver cells isolated by perfusion in the perfusion in the presence of collagenase, the major portion of cytochrome P-450 is present in the oxidized, nonsubstrate-bound, low spin state. Drug addition to a suspension of liver cells results in the rapid formation of the cytochrome P-450 (Fe3+)-substrate complex which in turn is followed by the appearance of other species with different spectral characteristics before steady state drug monooxygenation is achieved.
|
1208272b-0d60-4fce-93c1-c0d6c701560c
| 1 |
Cytochrome P-450-linked metabolism of various tested drugs and carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons by isolated rat liver cells is as fast, or faster, as with rat liver microsomes supplemented with a NADPH generating system. Both experimental models respond similarily to phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene pretreatment of the animals and to various of the wellknown inhibitors of drug metabolism.
|
1208272b-0d60-4fce-93c1-c0d6c701560c
| 2 |
Except with liver cells isolated from fasted, phenobarbital-treated rats, generation of cytosolic NADPH seems sufficient to support optimal drug metabolism even in the absence of added substrates of intermediary metabolism. In isolated liver cells oxidized drug metabolites undergo subsequent metabolic conversion, most often to form the corresponding glucuronides and sulphates.
|
1208272b-0d60-4fce-93c1-c0d6c701560c
| 3 |
These are readily excreted, whereas non-conjugated products, e.g. free phenols, tend to accumulate intracellularly. Cellular glucuronide formation is strongly inhibited by ethanol-presumably due to an unfavorable effect of the increased NADH/NAD+ ratio on the synthesis of uridine-5'-diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA).
|
1208272b-0d60-4fce-93c1-c0d6c701560c
| 4 |
In contrast, low concentrations of ethanol have no, or only a slight stimulatory effect on the cytochrome P-450-linked step of drug metabolism and there are indications that the oxidation of low concentrations of ethanol is in fact stimulated by a facilitated reoxidation of cytosolic NADH occuring during drug monooxygenation.
|
5615fea1-3b88-4470-8c5a-a5d47d5f9745
| 0 |
D-glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus megaterium M 1286: purification, properties and structure. 1) Glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus megaterium has been purified to a specific activity of 550 U per mg protein. The homogeneity of the purified enzyme was demonstrated by gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. 2) The amino acid composition has been determined.
|
5615fea1-3b88-4470-8c5a-a5d47d5f9745
| 1 |
3) The molecular weight of the native enzyme was found to be 116000 by gel permeation chromatography, in good agreement with the values of 120000 and 118000, which were ascertained electrophoretically according to the method of Hedrick and Smith and by density gradient centrifugation, respectively. 4) In the presence of 0.1
|
5615fea1-3b88-4470-8c5a-a5d47d5f9745
| 2 |
% sodium dodecylsulfate and 8M urea, the enzyme dissociates into subunits with a molecular weight of 30000 as determined by dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis. These values indicate that the native enzyme is composed of four polypeptide chains, each probably possessing one coenzyme binding site, which can be concluded from fluorescent titration of the NADH binding sites.
|
5615fea1-3b88-4470-8c5a-a5d47d5f9745
| 3 |
5) In polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis, samples of the purified enzyme exhibit three bands of activity, which present the native (tetrameric) form of glucose dehydrogenase and two monomeric forms (molecular weight 30000), arising under the conditions of pH and ionic strength of this method. 6) The enzyme shows a sharp pH optimum at pH 8.0
|
5615fea1-3b88-4470-8c5a-a5d47d5f9745
| 4 |
in Tris/HCl buffer, and a shift of the pH optimum to pH 9.0 in acetate/borate buffer. The limiting Michaelis constant at pH 9.0 for NAD is 4.5 mM and 47.5 mM for glucose. The dissociation constant for NAD is 0.69 mM. 7) D-Glucose dehydrogenase is highly specific for beta-D-glucose and is capable of using either NAD or NADP.
|
5615fea1-3b88-4470-8c5a-a5d47d5f9745
| 5 |
The enzyme is insensitive to sulfhydryl group inhibitors, heavy metal ions and chelating agents.
|
c705b5a4-ae0e-46e5-9baa-c9c6940ee8a2
| 0 |
[Enzyme induction in Streptomyces hydrogenans. V. Characterization of testosterone-17 beta-dehydrogenase and its induction by steroids]. Testosterone 17beta-dehydrogenase can be enriched from Streptomyces hydrogenans. The enzyme dehydrogenizes testosterone with Km=13muM and estradiol-17beta with Km=21muM to the corresponding 17-ketoderivatives. NAD forms NADH with Km=125muM.
|
c705b5a4-ae0e-46e5-9baa-c9c6940ee8a2
| 1 |
The enzyme is strongly inhibited by androstandione and 17alpha-methyltestosterone. The Ki for 17alpha-methyltestosterone is 18muM. The enzyme activity increases with increasing pH up to alkali-mediated denaturation at about pH 10. The optimum temperature is at 45 degrees C. If Streptomyces hydrogenans is cultivated in the absence of steroids, the specific activity of testosterone 17beta-dehydrogenase in the cytosol of the microorganisms amounts to 10 mU/mg protein, and increases up to 10-fold if the cells are cultivated in the presence of certain steroids.
|
c705b5a4-ae0e-46e5-9baa-c9c6940ee8a2
| 2 |
Testosterone, alpha-dihydrotestosterone, beta-dihydrotestosterone, estradiol-17beta, and 17alpha-methyltestosterone are very effective inducers. Thus, for the first time, the ability of estradiol-17beta to induce an enzyme synthesis in a microorganism is shown. The steroid-dependent induction is inhibited by testosterone acetate and rifamycin SV.
|
c705b5a4-ae0e-46e5-9baa-c9c6940ee8a2
| 3 |
Cyproterone, however, does not decrease the testosterone-dependent enzyme induction of testosterone 17beta-dehydrogenase.
|
effb5996-0caa-4565-8d28-2a0bd7e1b273
| 0 |
Boar acrosin, II: Amino acid composition, amino terminal residue and molecular weight estimations by ultracentrifugation. The molecular weight of boar acrosin in neutral solution was estimated to be 41000 +/- 1000 by high-speed sedimentation equilibrium analysis. This result is in good agreement with the value found earlier[1] by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
|
effb5996-0caa-4565-8d28-2a0bd7e1b273
| 1 |
The sedimentation coefficeint of acrosin obtained by active enzyme centrifugation of partly purified preparations is in accordance with the sedimentation coefficient of the pure preparation estimated by conventional sedimentation velocity analysis. The sedimentation coefficient of acrosin is considerably decreased in slightly acidic solution (pH 4), indicating that changes in the tertiary structure occur upon acidification.
|
effb5996-0caa-4565-8d28-2a0bd7e1b273
| 2 |
The amino acid composition of the acrosin preparation homogeneous by electrophoretic and chromatographic criteria and in sedimentation studies was determined. Valine was found as the unique N-terminal amino acid. However, in microheterogeneous forms of acrosin, alanine and methionine were also detected in end group analysis.
|
f136d6e6-a47a-46fe-b95e-17bb90bd0571
| 0 |
Characterization of protein kinases from Blepharisma intermedium. Three protein kinases (EC 2.7.1.37) were detected in Blepharisma and partially purified. The enzymes were most active with histone as substrate protein. The stability of the bond between phosphate and protein acceptor showed the characteristics of seryl- or threonylphosphate. Protein kinase I was solubilized by ultrasonication or freezing and thawing, while the enzymes II and III were readily solubilized by mild homogenization.
|
f136d6e6-a47a-46fe-b95e-17bb90bd0571
| 1 |
Protein II and III were noticeably activated by cAMP and cGMP, while protein kinase I was inhibited by cAMP. Associated with protein kinase II and III activity was the ability to bind labeled cAMP. The following molecular weights were determined: 90000 for enzyme I, 280000 for enzyme II, and 95000 for enzyme III.
|
f136d6e6-a47a-46fe-b95e-17bb90bd0571
| 2 |
Various apparent Michaelis constants were estimated.
|
964e253d-a826-4f2f-99b8-d20426773217
| 0 |
[Solubilization and purification of a 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in rat liver microsomes (author's transl)]. The microsomal 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases were solubilized with lubrol, a non-ionic detergent. A 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is purified about 100-fold by double affinity chromatography on 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone-Sepharose. This enzyme can use both NADH and NADPH as coenzymes.
|
2a84bd9f-fe8e-4a42-8c9f-d6bbbf40beb2
| 0 |
The dissociation of insect embryos for cell culture. Procedures and solutions were developed for dissociating embryos of Blattella germanica in preparation for primary cell culture. Trypsin solutions were maximally effective at 0.01% for germ bands but higher concentrations, 0.05 to 0.1% were needed for embryos in later stages.
|
73e143c0-c55c-45d9-956a-f5888f989210
| 0 |
Effect of sodium butyrate on mammalian cells in culture: a review. Sodium butyrate produces reversible changes in morphology, growth rate, and enzyme activities of several mammalian cell types in culture. Some of these changes are similar to those produced by agents which increase the intracellular level of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) or by analogs of cAMP.
|
73e143c0-c55c-45d9-956a-f5888f989210
| 1 |
Sodium butyrate increases the intracellular level of cAMP by about two fold in neuroblastoma cells; therefore, some of the effects of sodium butyrate on these cells may in part be mediated by cAMP. Sodium butyrate appears to have properties of a good chemotherapeutic agent for neuroblastoma tumors because the treatment of neuroblastoma cells in culture causes cell death and "differentiation";
|
73e143c0-c55c-45d9-956a-f5888f989210
| 2 |
however, it is either innocuous or produces reversible morphological and biochemical alterations in other cell types.
|
b76fe487-3617-41e7-8453-486356e6a72b
| 0 |
On the nature of the presumed receptor for IgE on mast cells. III. Kinetics of the blocking of the PCA reaction by cell-free particulate preparations from rat peritoneal mast cells and effect of pH and calcium concentration on the reaction. The 'binding' of IgE to particulate preparations derived from sonicated purified rat mast cells was measured by the blocking of PCA titrations of the supernatant solutions from incubations with such preparations.
|
b76fe487-3617-41e7-8453-486356e6a72b
| 1 |
It was found that the PCA blocking reaction was inhibited by the addition of calcium ion to the incubations. The blocking reaction was strongly dependent on the pH of the incubations, being maximal at pH values lower than 5-0. The blocking reaction proceeded in a linear manner for at least 3 h provided that no more than 70 percent of the amount of IgE initially supplied had been removed by the particulate fraction.
|
b76fe487-3617-41e7-8453-486356e6a72b
| 2 |
Only mast cell-derived preparations were capable of effecting PCA blocking.
|
43ee2190-d36a-4c58-8293-5bf29ef888b7
| 0 |
Effect of glucose and sucrose on survival in batch culture of Streptococcus mutans C67-1 and a noncariogenic mutant, C67-25. The growth and survival of two strains of Streptococcus mutans in 5% (wt/vol) glucose or sucrose broth was investigated. S. mutans strain C67-1 showed little loss of viability after 30 h of incubation in batch culture in the presence of either sugar.
|
43ee2190-d36a-4c58-8293-5bf29ef888b7
| 1 |
S. mutans strain C67-25, a noncariogenic mutant of C67-1 that has lost the ability of the latter to produce sticky, insoluble extracellular polysaccharide when grown in sucrose broth, showed a dramatic loss of viability after 30 h of incubation in either glucose or sucrose broth, the effect being most marked in the presence of glucose.
|
43ee2190-d36a-4c58-8293-5bf29ef888b7
| 2 |
The loss of viability was shown to be due to acid production. Insoluble extracellular polysaccharide production appears to be a phenomenon favoring the survival of organisms subjected to high sucrose levels. Other factors must be involved, however, since there are differences between the two strains as regards their survival in glucose broth.
|
681f8ec7-aa04-47a6-8b22-872a710df132
| 0 |
Microcapsule of type III strains of group B Streptococcus: production and morphology. The yield of purified type III polysaccharide of group B Streptococcus was significantly improved by modification of the growth medium. Culture of organisms in standard Todd-Hewitt broth resulted in acid accumulation during the exponential phase of growth and poor yield of type III polysaccharide when extracted from cells by washing with neutral buffer solution.
|
681f8ec7-aa04-47a6-8b22-872a710df132
| 1 |
By increasing the buffering capacity of the broth medium, acid accumulation was prevented, and the number of viable cells was increased at the stationary phase of growth. Further, by increasing the concentration of glucose in the buffered medium, the yield of type III polysaccharide was increased two to three times.
|
681f8ec7-aa04-47a6-8b22-872a710df132
| 2 |
Electron microscopic investigations of cells grown in the modified broth medium demonstrated a thicker microcapsule than was found in organisms grown in standard broth.
|
feb7fffb-df74-4c7f-9ef0-fa1b1d75abdd
| 0 |
Central regulation of blood eosinophilia by the beta-adrenergic system in rats. The effect of isoprenaline and three different beta-adrenergic blocking agents on blood eosinophilia was evaluated in the rat. Eosinopenic effect of isoprenaline was antagonized by intraperitoneal pretreatment with propranolol and by high but not low doses of practolol.
|
feb7fffb-df74-4c7f-9ef0-fa1b1d75abdd
| 1 |
Sotalol, a beta-blocker which in contrast to propranolol does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier, did not affect the eosinophil count when injected intraperitoneally, but produced a marked increase in number of circulating eosinophils following intracerebroventricular injection. Intraperitoneal administration of isoprenaline and propranolol as well as intracerebroventricular injection of sotalol did not affect eosinophil count in adrenalectomized or hypophysectomized rats.
|
feb7fffb-df74-4c7f-9ef0-fa1b1d75abdd
| 2 |
These results suggest that beta-adrenergic agents regulate the number of circulating eosinophils through a central mechanism and that presence of both hypophysis and adrenal glands is required for this action.
|
ba6e856a-439f-4657-8b22-b65701dd1f75
| 0 |
Comparison between two antibody populations in the EBV system: anti-MA versus neutralizing antibody activity. EBV-neutralizing antibody titers were determined in 11 sera derived from African Burkitt lymphoma or nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and in the corresponding serum fractions retained above XM 100 Diaflo membranes after low pH treatment, and after recombination of the retained and passed fractions by neutralization of the acidified samples.
|
ba6e856a-439f-4657-8b22-b65701dd1f75
| 1 |
They were compared with the corresponding antimembrane antigen (MA) titers in seven of the same sera. While all sera tested showed substantial increase of the anti-MA activity in the retained fraction, resulting in a significantly increased mean titer, EBV neutralizing activity did not change at all after identical treatment or changed only in a random fashion, resulting in stable mean titers.
|
ba6e856a-439f-4657-8b22-b65701dd1f75
| 2 |
It is suggested that anti-MA and neutralizing antibodies are directed against at least partly different antigens on the virus.
|
f03c86b2-911f-435f-b057-3efbebe9f6e8
| 0 |
Gastric acid secretion, serum-gastrin levels and psychomotor function under the influence of placebo, insulin-hypoglycemia, and/or bromazepam. Gastric acid output, blood-glucose, serum-gastrin and psychomotor-performance were measured in four healthy subjects one hour before and two hours after the intravenous injection of (a) 2ml saline, (b) 0.2
|
f03c86b2-911f-435f-b057-3efbebe9f6e8
| 1 |
U/kg b.w. insulin, (c) 0.1 mg/kg b.w. bromazepam. Each subject underwent one experiment of each type. The study was layed out as a Latin-square and analysed accordingly. Gastric acid secretion was measured by means of intragastric titration and a telemetering capsule;
|
f03c86b2-911f-435f-b057-3efbebe9f6e8
| 2 |
blood-glucose and serum-gastrin levels as well as psychomotor performance as a measure of vigilance were determined in 15-minute-intervals. In the saline series (a), none of the four parameters showed any systematic variation. In series (b), a bimodal response of acid output to insulin, initial inhibition and subsequent stimulation was observed in all subjects.
|
f03c86b2-911f-435f-b057-3efbebe9f6e8
| 3 |
Serum-gastrin levels showed only a slight and transient increase in the first thirty minutes. Psychomotor performance decreased markedly with progressing hypoglycemia, and increased when glucose levels rose again. In the bromazepan series (c), acid output and psychomotor performance decreased and, after the first hour, increased almost parallely, while glucose and gastrin levels remained unchanged.
|
f03c86b2-911f-435f-b057-3efbebe9f6e8
| 4 |
In series (d), an additive effect of insulin and bromazepam occurred: acid output and psychomotor performance were lower than after insulin alone; peak acid secretion, maximal hypoglycemia and peak of serum-gastrin were shifted to the right. It is concluded that the lowered basal as well as insulin-stimulated acid secretion after bromazepam is due to the central effect of the drug, and that this effect is mediated to the gastric glands directly via autonomic nervous pathways without involving a release of endogenous gastrin.
|
7b1a84ac-9438-46bf-b218-c3bfdcf3637e
| 0 |
[Correlation between plasma concentration and clinical effect of neuroleptics and antidepressants]. Results of investigations concerning the correlation between plasma concentrations and clinical effect of neuroleptics and antidepressives are summarised. In the case of neuroleptics there is in general no relationship between clinical parameters of activity and plasma concentration.
|
7b1a84ac-9438-46bf-b218-c3bfdcf3637e
| 1 |
For antidepressives there is, in most cases, a correlation between side-effects and plasma concentrations. Whether the therapeutic effect is dependent on the plasma concentration or not, is however open to some doubt. The practical value of plasma concentration estimations during therapy with the above mentioned drugs is therefore limited.
|
7b1a84ac-9438-46bf-b218-c3bfdcf3637e
| 2 |
Inadequate efficacy and/or poor tolerance can occasionally be explained by estimating plasma concentrations which alone, however, scarcely allow one to make prophecies. In determination of the optimal individual dosage must continue to be an empirical process based on clinical observations and experience.
|
27d54906-17cd-48f9-b611-1e87fa4338be
| 0 |
EEG sleep studies of insomniacs under flunitrazepam treatment. This study investigates the effect of flunitrazepam, a new benzodiazepine, on the sleep of insomniac patients under chronic treatment. Polygraphic recordings have shown that this drug decreases not only the activity of the wakefulness system, but also the activity of the synchronizing system of slow-wave sleep.
|
27d54906-17cd-48f9-b611-1e87fa4338be
| 1 |
The subjective feeling of improved and sounder sleep seems to be related to a decrease of wakefulness pressure as well as to a decrease of body motoricity, but not with the modification of sleep stages themselves. Flunitrazepam appears to possess some regulatory properties on REM sleep, since this stage is enhanced in patients with an initial low amount of REM sleep and decreased in those having a higher initial REM sleep.
|
27d54906-17cd-48f9-b611-1e87fa4338be
| 2 |
Flunitrazepam possesses potent and useful hypnogenic properties in man but does not induce physiological sleep.
|
457523f8-d7d4-4519-b6a9-c9ffd1cc0aa4
| 0 |
A histochemical study of the apparent deamination of proteins by sodium hypochlorite. The possible chemical mechanisms by which neutral solutions of sodium hypochlorite containing a high concentration of sodium chloride abolish the acidophilia of proteins in sections of fixed tissue are reviewed. The most probable one is the chlorination of the protein terminal amino groups, followed by the breakdown of the N-chloramine so formed into alpha-ketocarboxylic acid, nitrile or aldehyde groups.
|
457523f8-d7d4-4519-b6a9-c9ffd1cc0aa4
| 1 |
Hypochlorite solutions certainly do not deaminate tissue sections as was previously thought. Experimental evidence for the formation of relatively stable N-chloramine groups in situ and their limited conversion to aldehydes is reported. For example, the acidophilia of hypochlorite-treated sections was found to be restored after flooding them with hydriodic acid followed by the extraction of the liberated iodine with an alcohol.
|
457523f8-d7d4-4519-b6a9-c9ffd1cc0aa4
| 2 |
The significance of these experimental findings is discussed.
|
a8025916-7611-4857-b3e4-e0b329ee52e3
| 0 |
Effects of dbcAMP and theophylline on rat adrenal medulla grown in tissue culture. Explants of rat adrenal medulla were grown in tissue culture. The effects of various doses of dbcAMP ranging from 0.001 mM up to 1 mM and equimolar amounts of theophylline were recorded by phase contrast optics and catecholamine histochemistry (glyoxylic acid method) over six days.
|
a8025916-7611-4857-b3e4-e0b329ee52e3
| 1 |
There was a dose-dependent inhibition of the normally occurring outgrowth of Schwann cells, "chromaffin" cells and axons from the explants. Maintenance of glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence in "chromaffin" cells was dose-dependent, too. Since theophylline is known to enhance intracellular levels of cAMP only, these effects are probably due to the action of cAMP.
|
a8025916-7611-4857-b3e4-e0b329ee52e3
| 2 |
cAMP obviously maintains the degree of differentiation of chromaffin cells. Thus it could be argued that a certain degree of dedifferentiation is a prerequisite for the formation of axons from these cells.
|
106d7b14-1fe7-48d3-b855-699ce62e74b2
| 0 |
The possibilities and limitations of membrane methods for the histochemical demonstration of cholinesterases. The thiocholine method for the histochemical detection of cholinesterases according to Karnovsky-Roots was adapted for unfixed cryostat sections by addition of the agar solution to the incubation mixture and by using the semipermeable membrane interposed between the section and the incubation medium. The procedure prevents the leakage of the enzyme activity of the section and is suitable for tissues where the cholinesterase activity is low.
|
a5634747-7c68-43ea-9978-7c338152535e
| 0 |
Copper catalyzed alkaline autoxidation of selenocystamine. In alkaline medium and in the presence of cupric ions selenocystamine undergoes autoxidation and is entirely transformed into selenohypotaurine. Among the different metal ions tested, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Mg, Mn, only cupric ions are effective in catalyzing the reaction.
|
a5634747-7c68-43ea-9978-7c338152535e
| 1 |
The reaction shows an optimum around pH 13. In most respects the autoxidation of selenocystamine is similar to the alkaline autoxidation of cystamine. Some data on the paper and ion exchange chromatographic behaviour of selenohypotaurine and selenotaurine are reported, as also details for the synthesis of selenotaurine.
|
ed890fbd-dfa3-4a8c-8a47-98f1c3961631
| 0 |
The binding of nucleotides to 3'-nucleotidase from wheat germ. The 3'-mononucleotidase (3'-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.6) from wheat germ has been purified 2,000 fold. The enzyme has a molecular weight of approximatley 32,000, as judged by the use of G-100 gel filtration, and does not attack 2'- or 5'- nucleotides.
|
ed890fbd-dfa3-4a8c-8a47-98f1c3961631
| 1 |
In order to obtain some indications on the structural requirements for binding and reactivity, the purified enzyme has been subjected to kinetic analyses, including initial velocities with several 3'-ribomononucleotides, inhibition by 5'- nucleotides and nucleotide-analogues, and effect of pH and sulphydryl compounds. The data indicate one base binding site at the active site of the enzyme.
|
ed890fbd-dfa3-4a8c-8a47-98f1c3961631
| 2 |
This site appears to be the same involved in the binding of both substrates and inhibitors, with higher affinity for purine nucleotides than for pyrimidine compounds, in the order guanosine greater than adenosine greater than inosine greater than uridine greater than cytidine nucleotides.
|
eba5d6d5-49b4-4950-b8a1-7acb76d945d4
| 0 |
Improved histological localization of GABA-transaminase activity in rat cerebellar cortex after aldehyde fixation. A method for the chemical fixation of the enzyme GABA-transaminase in nervous tissue is described. It is shown that after perfusion with a formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde fixative, activity of the enzyme in cerebellar cortex is demonstrable whilst cellular morphology is preserved. Results from the improved technique have shown new sites of GABA-transaminase activity in cerebellar cortex. In view of these results a special function for glial cells in this area of brain has been suggested.
|
ff10a339-9996-49ce-9936-9323a6a9e27f
| 0 |
Effect of plasma [K+] on the DC potential and on ion distributions between CSF and blood. Keeping the arterial pH at 7.4 and PaCO2 at 40 mmHg in eight anesthetized dogs, we acutely raised plasma potassium concentration from 3.4 to 8.2 meq/1, then allowed it to decay back to control levels.
|
ff10a339-9996-49ce-9936-9323a6a9e27f
| 1 |
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-blood electrical potential difference (pd) increased 13.2 mV per 10-fold increase in plasma [K+]. Again keeping arterial pH at 7.4 and PaCO2 at 40 mmHg, we elevated plasma [K+] in four dogs from 3.3 to 8.0 meq/1 and maintained this level for 6 h.
|
ff10a339-9996-49ce-9936-9323a6a9e27f
| 2 |
We found 1) that the PD increased from a control value of +1.3 to +8.9mV, showing no tendency to decay over the 6 h; and 2) that the change in PD did not affect the distribution of Na+, K+, H+, Cl-, or HCO3- between blood and CSF over the 6 h.
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.