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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project%20Space%20Station
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Project Space Station is a simulation game written for the Commodore 64 computer published in 1985 by HESware. It was ported to the Apple II and DOS in 1987.
Summary
The game puts the player in control of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and tasks them with building and maintaining a space station while also generating enough money with commercial contracts to make up for an anemic yearly budget. This can be seen as a discrete set of phases, except that they all proceed simultaneously. The exception is at the beginning of the game where the player has unlimited time in the planning phase before the game clock starts.
In the planning phase, the player first allocates the funds they have to various budget items, like crew selection, station modules, and research and development. Then they choose their crew, who have intrinsic task sets (like piloting and physics), and varying levels of competence and compatibility with other potential employees. From there the player purchases equipment like space suits and satellites, and station modules like laboratories and solar arrays. Then they schedule their launches using the two Space Shuttles available (Atlantis and Discovery, though the initial release used the Space Shuttle Challenger), and have their budget approved. In the final stage of the planning phase the player can create a simulated station with an unlimited number of parts, and without dealing with the later constrictions of the EVA.
The launch phase has the player decide whether launch conditions are stable enough to merit launch. If they give the implicit go-ahead, they engage in a light arcade sequence where the player attempts to keep the shuttle on course throughout its orbital burn. The more successful the player is, the closer the shuttle will be to the station.
Once the shuttle is in orbit, the player is tasked to assemble the components they brought up (or to fire off any satellites they have contracts for) in the Extra-Vehicular Activity, or EVA phase. Here the player directly controls an Orbital Construction Pod, a small ship with mechanical arms that an astronaut can use to move large equipment. Being careless here could have consequences as the pod or equipment may become damaged, and it may run out of fuel and become stranded until another pod can rescue it. Consequences were not limited to equipment damage: Stranded astronauts in pods could die when oxygen ran out. Other crew hazards included solar flares, which could kill astronauts on the station or shuttle if precautions (using an emergency module in station design) were not taken. Crew died in reverse alphabetical order from solar flares.
The player then transfers crew to and from the space station and assigns them to research tasks. Completing these tasks awards the player with government contracts that supplement NASA's budget. A math bug (or intentional cheat) in the game allowed an infinite supply of money, if the player allocated more tha
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiCorps
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MiCorps, the Michigan Clean Water Corps, is a network of volunteer water monitoring programs in Michigan. It was created through an executive order by Governor Jennifer Granholm to assist the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) in collecting and sharing water quality data for use in water resources management and protection programs.
External links
MiCorps: Michigan Clean Water Corps (official site)
Government of Michigan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantifier%20elimination
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Quantifier elimination is a concept of simplification used in mathematical logic, model theory, and theoretical computer science. Informally, a quantified statement " such that " can be viewed as a question "When is there an such that ?", and the statement without quantifiers can be viewed as the answer to that question.
One way of classifying formulas is by the amount of quantification. Formulas with less depth of quantifier alternation are thought of as being simpler, with the quantifier-free formulas as the simplest.
A theory has quantifier elimination if for every formula , there exists another formula without quantifiers that is equivalent to it (modulo this theory).
Examples
An example from high school mathematics says that a single-variable quadratic polynomial has a real root if and only if its discriminant is non-negative:
Here the sentence on the left-hand side involves a quantifier , while the equivalent sentence on the right does not.
Examples of theories that have been shown decidable using quantifier elimination are Presburger arithmetic, algebraically closed fields, real closed fields, atomless Boolean algebras, term algebras, dense linear orders, abelian groups, random graphs, as well as many of their combinations such as Boolean algebra with Presburger arithmetic, and term algebras with queues.
Quantifier eliminator for the theory of the real numbers as an ordered additive group is Fourier–Motzkin elimination; for the theory of the field of real numbers it is the Tarski–Seidenberg theorem.
Quantifier elimination can also be used to show that "combining" decidable theories leads to new decidable theories (see Feferman-Vaught theorem).
Algorithms and decidability
If a theory has quantifier elimination, then a specific question can be addressed: Is there a method of determining for each ? If there is such a method we call it a quantifier elimination algorithm. If there is such an algorithm, then decidability for the theory reduces to deciding the truth of the quantifier-free sentences. Quantifier-free sentences have no variables, so their validity in a given theory can often be computed, which enables the use of quantifier elimination algorithms to decide validity of sentences.
Related concepts
Various model-theoretic ideas are related to quantifier elimination, and there are various equivalent conditions.
Every first-order theory with quantifier elimination is model complete. Conversely, a model-complete theory, whose theory of universal consequences has the amalgamation property, has quantifier elimination.
The models of the theory of the universal consequences of a theory are precisely the substructures of the models of . The theory of linear orders does not have quantifier elimination. However the theory of its universal consequences has the amalgamation property.
Basic ideas
To show constructively that a theory has quantifier elimination, it suffices to show that we can eliminate an existential quantifier
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train%20event%20recorder
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A train event recorder – also called On-Train Monitoring Recorder (OTMR), On-Train Data Recorder (OTDR), Event Recorder System (ERS), Event Recorder Unit (ERU), or Juridical Recording Unit (JRU) – is a device that records data about the operation of train controls, the performance of the train in response to those controls, and the operation of associated control systems. It is similar in purpose to the flight data recorder or black box used on aircraft.
Functions
Because event recorders are integrated with most car-borne systems, they are an attractive target for enhanced diagnostic and control functions. Some event recorders feature outputs controlling penalty braking or emergency braking systems, as well as speedometers.
Data storage can be provided by magnetic tape, battery-backed RAM and, more recently, non-volatile EEPROM or flash memory, overwritten in a FIFO continuous loop. The data is intended for use in the investigation of accidents and other incidents, but is also used to monitor the performance of traction units, the competence of drivers, and the general state of a train over a period of time.
Development
A suggestion in The Times of 10 October 1853, commenting on a train collision near Portarlington station, on the Great Southern and Western Railway, on 5 October that year, called for a paper-roll recorder, keeping a log of wheel revolutions against time, to be carried in a locked box on trains, the record to be removed and stored by station masters at the destination station. In 1864, a similar proposal came from Charles Babbage, inspired by his 1840 experiments for the Great Western Railway using self-inking pens on paper rolls, which were part of the equipment carried on dynamometer cars. No action seems to have been taken in either case. The earliest event recorders were the mechanical "TEL" speed recorders of 1891, which recorded both time and speed. The TEL's manufacturer, Hasler Rail of Switzerland, remains a leading producer of train event recorders.
France developed the Flaman Speed Indicator and Recorder. In Germany, the Indusi train protection system included recording equipment using a ticker tape on paper. For I60R a generalized recorder system was installed (Datenspeicherkassette [DSK] / data storage cassette) that allowed for the entry of the train number, driver information and train weight, along with the driving events. The standardized DSK black box allows for approximately 30,000 km of general recording data and 90 km of detailed recording data. Later models of the DSK are electronic especially since the introduction of the computerized PZ80/PZB90 train protection generations.
Modern train event recorders follow international or national standards, such as IEEE Std. 1482.1-1999, FRA 49 CFR Part 229, and IEC 62625-1, specified the digital and analogue data to be acquired, recorded and transmitted for further analysis. The need for event recorders to survive any accident led companies such as Grinsty Rail
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieve%20of%20Atkin
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In mathematics, the sieve of Atkin is a modern algorithm for finding all prime numbers up to a specified integer. Compared with the ancient sieve of Eratosthenes, which marks off multiples of primes, the sieve of Atkin does some preliminary work and then marks off multiples of squares of primes, thus achieving a better theoretical asymptotic complexity. It was created in 2003 by A. O. L. Atkin and Daniel J. Bernstein.
Algorithm
In the algorithm:
All remainders are modulo-sixty remainders (divide the number by 60 and return the remainder).
All numbers, including and , are positive integers.
Flipping an entry in the sieve list means to change the marking (prime or nonprime) to the opposite marking.
This results in numbers with an odd number of solutions to the corresponding equation being potentially prime (prime if they are also square free), and numbers with an even number of solutions being composite.
The algorithm:
Create a results list, filled with 2, 3, and 5.
Create a sieve list with an entry for each positive integer; all entries of this list should initially be marked non prime (composite).
For each entry number in the sieve list, with modulo-sixty remainder :
If is 1, 13, 17, 29, 37, 41, 49, or 53, flip the entry for each possible solution to . The number of flipping operations as a ratio to the sieving range for this step approaches × (the "8" in the fraction comes from the eight modulos handled by this quadratic and the 60 because Atkin calculated this based on an even number of modulo 60 wheels), which results in a fraction of about 0.1117010721276....
If is 7, 19, 31, or 43, flip the entry for each possible solution to . The number of flipping operations as a ratio to the sieving range for this step approaches × (the "4" in the fraction comes from the four modulos handled by this quadratic and the 60 because Atkin calculated this based on an even number of modulo 60 wheels), which results in a fraction of about 0.072551974569....
If is 11, 23, 47, or 59, flip the entry for each possible solution to when . The number of flipping operations as a ratio to the sieving range for this step approaches × (the "4" in the fraction comes from the four modulos handled by this quadratic and the 60 because Atkin calculated this based on an even number of modulo 60 wheels), which results in a fraction of about 0.060827679704....
If is something else, ignore it completely.
Start with the lowest number in the sieve list.
Take the next number in the sieve list still marked prime.
Include the number in the results list.
Square the number and mark all multiples of that square as non prime. Note that the multiples that can be factored by 2, 3, or 5 need not be marked, as these will be ignored in the final enumeration of primes.
Repeat steps four through seven. The total number of operations for these repetitions of marking the squares of primes as a ratio of the sieving range is the sum of the inverse of the primes s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rat%20Genome%20Database
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The Rat Genome Database (RGD) is a database of rat genomics, genetics, physiology and functional data, as well as data for comparative genomics between rat, human and mouse. RGD is responsible for attaching biological information to the rat genome via structured vocabulary, or ontology, annotations assigned to genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL), and for consolidating rat strain data and making it available to the research community. They are also developing a suite of tools for mining and analyzing genomic, physiologic and functional data for the rat, and comparative data for rat, mouse, human, and five other species.
RGD began as a collaborative effort between research institutions involved in rat genetic and genomic research. Its goal, as stated in the National Institutes of Health’s Request for Grant Application: HL-99-013, is the establishment of a Rat Genome Database to collect, consolidate, and integrate data generated from ongoing rat genetic and genomic research efforts and make this data widely available to the scientific community. A secondary, but critical goal is to provide curation of mapped positions for quantitative trait loci, known mutations and other phenotypic data.
The rat continues to be extensively used by researchers as a model organism for investigating pharmacology, toxicology, general physiology and the biology and pathophysiology of disease. In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in rat genetic and genomic data. In addition to this, the Rat Genome Database has become a central point for information on the rat for research and now features information on not just genetics and genomics, but physiology and molecular biology as well. There are tools and data pages available for all of these fields that are curated by RGD staff.
Data
RGD’s data consists of manual annotations from RGD researchers as well as imported annotations from a variety of different sources. RGD also exports their own annotations to share with others.
RGD's Data page lists eight types of data stored in the database: Genes, QTLs, Markers, Maps, Strains, Ontologies, Sequences and References. Of these, six are actively used and regularly updated. The RGD Maps datatype refers to legacy genetic and radiation hybrid maps. This data has been largely supplanted by the rat whole genome sequence. The Sequences data type is not a full list of either genomic, transcript or protein sequences, but rather mostly contains PCR primer sequences which define simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP) and expressed sequence tag (EST) Markers. Such sequences are useful primarily for researchers still using these markers for genotyping their animals and for distinguishing between markers of the same name. The six major data types in RGD are as follows:
Genes: Initial gene records are imported and updated from the National Center for Biotechnology Information's (NCBI's) Gene database on a weekly basis. Data imported during this process includes th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer%20overflow
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In computer programming, an integer overflow occurs when an arithmetic operation attempts to create a numeric value that is outside of the range that can be represented with a given number of digits – either higher than the maximum or lower than the minimum representable value.
The most common result of an overflow is that the least significant representable digits of the result are stored; the result is said to wrap around the maximum (i.e. modulo a power of the radix, usually two in modern computers, but sometimes ten or another radix).
An overflow condition may give results leading to unintended behavior. In particular, if the possibility has not been anticipated, overflow can compromise a program's reliability and security.
For some applications, such as timers and clocks, wrapping on overflow can be desirable. The C11 standard states that for unsigned integers, modulo wrapping is the defined behavior and the term overflow never applies: "a computation involving unsigned operands can never overflow."
On some processors like graphics processing units (GPUs) and digital signal processors (DSPs) which support saturation arithmetic, overflowed results would be "clamped", i.e. set to the minimum or the maximum value in the representable range, rather than wrapped around.
Origin
The register width of a processor determines the range of values that can be represented in its registers. Though the vast majority of computers can perform multiple-precision arithmetic on operands in memory, allowing numbers to be arbitrarily long and overflow to be avoided, the register width limits the sizes of numbers that can be operated on (e.g., added or subtracted) using a single instruction per operation. Typical binary register widths for unsigned integers include:
4-bit: maximum representable value 24 − 1 = 15
8-bit: maximum representable value 28 − 1 = 255
16-bit: maximum representable value 216 − 1 = 65,535
32-bit: maximum representable value 232 − 1 = 4,294,967,295 (the most common width for personal computers ),
64-bit: maximum representable value 264 − 1 = 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 (the most common width for personal computer central processing units (CPUs), ),
128-bit: maximum representable value 2128 − 1 = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,455
When an unsigned arithmetic operation produces a result larger than the maximum above for an N-bit integer, an overflow reduces the result to modulo N-th power of 2, retaining only the least significant bits of the result and effectively causing a wrap around.
In particular, multiplying or adding two integers may result in a value that is unexpectedly small, and subtracting from a small integer may cause a wrap to a large positive value (for example, 8-bit integer addition 255 + 2 results in 1, which is , and similarly subtraction 0 − 1 results in 255, a two's complement representation of −1).
Such wraparound may cause security detriments—if an overflowed value is used as the number of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gutmann
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Gutmann may refer to:
Gutmann (surname), including a list of people with the name
Bank Gutmann, a private bank in Vienna, Austria
Gutmann method, an algorithm used to erase the contents of a computer drive, invented by Peter Gutmann
Palais Gutmann, a Ringstraßenpalais in Vienna
See also
Gutman
Guttmann
Guttman
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical%20astronomy
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Historical astronomy is the science of analysing historic astronomical data. The American Astronomical Society (AAS), established 1899, states that its Historical Astronomy Division "...shall exist for the purpose of advancing interest in topics relating to the historical nature of astronomy. By historical astronomy we include the history of astronomy; what has come to be known as archaeoastronomy; and the application of historical records to modern astrophysical problems." Historical and ancient observations are used to track theoretically long term trends, such as eclipse patterns and the velocity of nebular clouds. Conversely, utilizing known and well documented phenomenological activity, historical astronomers apply computer models to verify the validity of ancient observations, as well as dating such observations and documents which would otherwise be unknown.
Examples
One example of such study would be the Crab Nebula, which is the remains of a supernova of July 1054, the SN 1054. During the Northern Song dynasty in China, a historical astronomical record was written, which lists unusual phenomena observed in the night sky. The event was also recorded by Japanese and Arab astronomers. Scholars often associate this with the formation of the Crab Nebula. [3]
Secondly, The astronomer Edmond Halley employed this science to deduce that three comets that appeared roughly 76 years apart were in fact the same object.
Similarly, the dwarf planet Pluto was found to have been photographed as early as 1915 although it was not recognized until 1930.
Quasars have been photographed since the late 19th century although they were not known to be unusual objects until the 1960s.
See also
Archaeoastronomy
Astronomical chronology
Astronomical interferometer
Cultural astronomy
F. Richard Stephenson
History of astronomy
References
Katherine Bracher, THE HISTORICAL ASTRONOMY DIVISION
https://web.archive.org/web/20011019220913/http://star-www.dur.ac.uk/~jms/group.html
Misner, Thorne, Wheeler; Gravitation ; 1970 [3]
External links
American Astronomical Society
Donald Yeomans, Great Comets in History
Search Engine for Astronomy
History of astronomy
Astronomical sub-disciplines
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java%20Data%20Mining
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Java Data Mining (JDM) is a standard Java API for developing data mining applications and tools. JDM defines an object model and Java API for data mining objects and processes. JDM enables applications to integrate data mining technology for developing predictive analytics applications and tools. The JDM 1.0 standard was developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 73. In 2006, the JDM 2.0 specification was being developed under JSR 247, but has been withdrawn in 2011 without standardization.
Various data mining functions and techniques like statistical classification and association, regression analysis, data clustering, and attribute importance are covered by the 1.0 release of this standard.
It never received wide acceptance, and there is no known implementation.
See also
Predictive Model Markup Language
Books
Java Data Mining: Strategy, Standard, and Practice, Hornick, Marcadé, Venkayala,
References
Data Mining
Applied data mining
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Kingdom%20National%20DNA%20Database
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The United Kingdom National DNA Database (NDNAD; officially the UK National Criminal Intelligence DNA Database) is a national DNA Database that was set up in 1995. In 2005 it had 3.1 million profiles and in 2020 it had 6.6 million profiles (5.6 million individuals excluding duplicates). 270,000 samples were added to the database in 2019–20, populated by samples recovered from crime scenes and taken from police suspects. 124,000 were deleted for those not charged or not found guilty. There were 731,000 matches of unsolved crimes between 2001 and 2020.
Only patterns of short tandem repeats are stored in the NDNAD – not a person's full genomic sequence. Since 2014 sixteen loci of the DNA-17 system are analysed, resulting in a string of 32 numbers, being two allele repeats from each of the sixteen loci. Amelogenin is used for a rapid test of a donor's sex. Scotland has used 21 STR loci, two Y-DNA markers and the gender identifier since 2014.
However, individuals' skin or blood samples are also kept permanently linked to the database and can contain complete genetic information. Because DNA is inherited, the database can also be used to indirectly identify many others in the population related to a database subject. Stored samples can also degrade and become useless, particularly those taken with dry brushes and swabs.
The UK NDNAD is run by the Home Office, after transferring from the custodianship of the National Policing Improvement Agency (NPIA) on 1 October 2012. A major expansion to include all known active offenders was funded between April 2000 and March 2005 at a cost of over £300 million.
Origin and function
The United Kingdom's National DNA Database (NDNAD) was set up in 1995 using the Second Generation Multiplex (SGM) DNA profiling system (SGM+ DNA profiling system since 1998). All data held on the National DNA Database is governed by a tri-partite board consisting of the Home Office, the National Police Chiefs’ Council and the Association of Police and Crime Commissioners, there are also independent representatives present from the Human Genetics Commission. The data held on the NDNAD is owned by the police authority which submitted the sample for analysis. The samples are stored permanently by the companies that analyse them, for an annual fee.
All forensic service providers in the UK which meet the accredited standards can interact with the NDNAD. The UK's NDNAD is the foremost and largest forensic DNA database of its kind in the world – containing nearly 10% of the population, compared to 0.5% in the USA.
The data held on the National DNA Database consists of both demographic sample data and the numerical DNA profile. Records on the NDNAD are held for both individuals sampled under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE) and for unsolved crime-stains (such as from blood, semen, saliva, hair and cellular materials left at a crime scene)
Whenever a new profile is submitted, the NDNAD's records are automatically searched f
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeRTOS
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FreeRTOS is a real-time operating system kernel for embedded devices that has been ported to 35 microcontroller platforms. It is distributed under the MIT License.
History
The FreeRTOS kernel was originally developed by Richard Barry around 2003, and was later developed and maintained by Barry's company, Real Time Engineers Ltd. In 2017, the firm passed stewardship of the FreeRTOS project to Amazon Web Services (AWS). Barry continues to work on FreeRTOS as part of an AWS team.
Implementation
FreeRTOS is designed to be small and simple. It is mostly written in the C programming language to make it easy to port and maintain. It also comprises a few assembly language functions where needed, mostly in architecture-specific scheduler routines.
Process management
FreeRTOS provides methods for multiple threads or tasks, mutexes, semaphores and software timers. A tickless mode is provided for low power applications. Thread priorities are supported. FreeRTOS applications can be statically allocated, but objects can also be dynamically allocated with five schemes of memory management (allocation):
allocate only;
allocate and free with a very simple, fast, algorithm;
a more complex but fast allocate and free algorithm with memory coalescence;
an alternative to the more complex scheme that includes memory coalescence that allows a heap to be broken across multiple memory areas.
and C library allocate and free with some mutual exclusion protection.
RTOSes typically do not have the more advanced features that are found in operating systems like Linux and Microsoft Windows, such as device drivers, advanced memory management, and user accounts. The emphasis is on compactness and speed of execution. FreeRTOS can be thought of as a thread library rather than an operating system, although command line interface and POSIX-like input/output (I/O) abstraction are available.
FreeRTOS implements multiple threads by having the host program call a thread tick method at regular short intervals. The thread tick method switches tasks depending on priority and a round-robin scheduling scheme. The usual interval is 1 to 10 milliseconds ( to of a second) via an interrupt from a hardware timer, but this interval is often changed to suit a given application.
The software distribution contains prepared configurations and demonstrations for every port and compiler, allowing rapid application design. The project website provides documentation and RTOS tutorials, and details of the RTOS design.
Key features
Book and reference manuals.
Small memory size, low overhead, and fast execution.
Tick-less option for low power applications.
Intended for both hobbyists and professional developers working on commercial products.
Scheduler can be configured for both preemptive or cooperative multitasking.
Coroutine support (coroutines in FreeRTOS are simple and lightweight tasks with limited use of the call stack)
Trace support through generic trace macros. Tools such as Tra
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanol%20%28data%20page%29
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This page provides supplementary chemical data on methanol.
Safety Data Sheet
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommended that you seek the Safety Datasheet (SDS) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI, and follow its directions. SDS is available at MSDS, J.T. Baker and Loba Chemie
Structure and properties
Thermodynamic properties
Spectral data
Vapor pressure of liquid
Here is a similar formula from the 67th edition of the CRC handbook. Note that the form of this formula as given is a fit to the Clausius–Clapeyron equation, which is a good theoretical starting point for calculating saturation vapor pressures:
log10(P) = −(0.05223)a/T + b, where P is in mmHg, T is in kelvins, a = 38324, and b = 8.8017.
Properties of aqueous methanol solutions
Data obtained from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. and CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed. The annotation, d a°C/b°C, indicates density of solution at temperature a divided by density of pure water at temperature b known as specific gravity. When temperature b is 4 °C, density of water is 0.999972 g/mL.
Distillation data
References
(sample table of physical properties)
External links
Chemical data pages
Methanol
Chemical data pages cleanup
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenGL%20Shading%20Language
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OpenGL Shading Language (GLSL) is a high-level shading language with a syntax based on the C programming language. It was created by the OpenGL ARB (OpenGL Architecture Review Board) to give developers more direct control of the graphics pipeline without having to use ARB assembly language or hardware-specific languages.
Background
With advances in graphics cards, new features have been added to allow for increased flexibility in the rendering pipeline at the vertex and fragment level. Programmability at this level is achieved with the use of fragment and vertex shaders.
Originally, this functionality was achieved by writing shaders in ARB assembly language – a complex and unintuitive task. The OpenGL ARB created the OpenGL Shading Language to provide a more intuitive method for programming the graphics processing unit while maintaining the open standards advantage that has driven OpenGL throughout its history.
Originally introduced as an extension to OpenGL 1.4, GLSL was formally included into the OpenGL 2.0 core in 2004 by the OpenGL ARB. It was the first major revision to OpenGL since the creation of OpenGL 1.0 in 1992.
Some benefits of using GLSL are:
Cross-platform compatibility on multiple operating systems, including Linux, macOS and Windows.
The ability to write shaders that can be used on any hardware vendor's graphics card that supports the OpenGL Shading Language.
Each hardware vendor includes the GLSL compiler in their driver, thus allowing each vendor to create code optimized for their particular graphics card’s architecture.
Versions
GLSL versions have evolved alongside specific versions of the OpenGL API. It is only with OpenGL versions 3.3 and above that the GLSL and OpenGL major and minor version numbers match. These versions for GLSL and OpenGL are related in the following table:
OpenGL ES and WebGL use OpenGL ES Shading Language (abbreviated: GLSL ES or ESSL).
The two languages are related but not directly compatible. They can be interconverted through SPIRV-Cross.
Language
Operators
GLSL contains the same operators as the operators in C and C++, with the exception of pointers. Bitwise operators were added in version 1.30.
Functions and control structures
Similar to the C programming language, GLSL supports loops and branching, for instance: if-else, for, switch, etc. Recursion is forbidden and checked for during compilation.
User-defined functions are supported and built-in functions are provided. The graphics card manufacturer may optimize built-in functions at the hardware level. Many of these functions are similar to those in the math library of the C programming language while others are specific to graphics programming. Most of the built-in functions and operators, can operate both on scalars and vectors (up to 4 elements), for one or both operands. Common built-in functions that are provided and are commonly used for graphics purposes are: , , , , , , , , , , and vector and . Other functions like ,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89nergie
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Énergie is a Canadian radio network of French-language mainstream rock outlets broadcasting throughout the province of Quebec and portions of eastern Ontario, in Eastern Canada. They offer a personality-driven mix of francophone and anglophone classic rock and alternative rock songs, catering to a young adult audience. Although the flagship station is CKMF-FM Montreal, the 10 stations in the network usually have their own talent and format for each of their own markets. They are owned by Bell Media.
Most "Énergie" stations broadcast in the same markets as Bell's adult contemporary network Rouge FM.
History
In December 1988, "Énergie" was created.
In 2006, Astral Media programmed a satellite radio channel, branded as Énergie2, for broadcast on Sirius Canada and Sirius Satellite Radio, on channel 89. This channel offered essentially the same format as the terrestrial network, and was hosted by Richard Fortin and Nicolas Wilson. However, the Énergie brand was entirely discarded in September 2010, as Sirius Canada acquired the channel, dropped the English artists and renamed it as Latitude Franco.
On 6 July 2009, Astral Media and European NRJ Group announced a deal to rebrand the Énergie network as NRJ, effective 24 August. (The French pronunciations of "NRJ" and "énergie" are nearly identical.) Astral retained full ownership of the stations.
For the network, the Astral Media IDs usually used Astral's rock jingles from rock stations rather than Astral's jingle packages used on the CHR stations such as CIBK-FM in Calgary or CHSU-FM in Kelowna.
On 17 August 2015, the network announced that it would rebrand itself back as Énergie, starting on 24 August.
Identity
Logos
Slogans
Pre-2009: Monte le son
2009–2011: Méchante radio (primary)
2009–2011: Des hits qui arrachent (secondary)
2011–2012: La radio des hits
2012–2015 : La radio de tous les hits
2015–2017 : Toujours en tête
2017–present : Les + gros hits
Stations
See also
List of radio stations in Quebec
References
External links
Official website
Bell Media
Radio stations in Quebec
Contemporary hit radio stations in Canada
Radio formats
Canadian radio networks
French-language radio in Canada
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone%20mapping
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Tone mapping is a technique used in image processing and computer graphics to map one set of colors to another to approximate the appearance of high-dynamic-range (HDR) images in a medium that has a more limited dynamic range. Print-outs, CRT or LCD monitors, and projectors all have a limited dynamic range that is inadequate to reproduce the full range of light intensities present in natural scenes. Tone mapping addresses the problem of strong contrast reduction from the scene radiance to the displayable range while preserving the image details and color appearance important to appreciate the original scene content.
Inverse tone mapping is the inverse technique that allows to expand the luminance range, mapping a low dynamic range image into a higher dynamic range image. It is notably used to upscale SDR videos to HDR videos.
Background
The introduction of film-based photography created issues since capturing the enormous dynamic range of lighting from the real world on a chemically limited negative was very difficult. Early film developers attempted to remedy this issue by designing the film stocks and the print development systems that gave a desired S-shaped tone curve with slightly enhanced contrast (about 15%) in the middle range and gradually compressed highlights and shadows . The advent of the Zone System, which bases exposure on the desired shadow tones along with varying the length of time spent in the chemical developer (thus controlling highlight tones) extended the tonal range of black and white (and later, color) negative film from its native range of about seven stops to about ten. Photographers have also used dodging and burning to overcome the limitations of the print process .
The advent of digital photography gave hope for better solutions to this problem. One of the earliest algorithms employed by Land and McCann in 1971 was Retinex, inspired by theories of lightness perception .This method is inspired by the eye’s biological mechanisms of adaptation when lighting conditions are an issue. Gamut mapping algorithms were also extensively studied in the context of color printing. Computational models such as CIECAM02 or iCAM were used to predict color appearance. Despite this, if algorithms could not sufficiently map tones and colors, a skilled artist was still needed, as is the case with cinematographic movie post-processing.
Computer graphic techniques capable of rendering high-contrast scenes shifted the focus from color to luminance as the main limiting factor of display devices. Several tone mapping operators were developed to map high dynamic range (HDR) images to standard displays. More recently, this work has branched away from utilizing luminance to extend image contrast and towards other methods such as user-assisted image reproduction. Currently, image reproduction has shifted towards display-driven solutions since displays now possess advanced image processing algorithms that help adapt rendering of the image to
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precomputed%20Radiance%20Transfer
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Precomputed Radiance Transfer (PRT) is a computer graphics technique used to render a scene in real time with complex light interactions being precomputed to save time. Radiosity methods can be used to determine the diffuse lighting of the scene, however PRT offers a method to dynamically change the lighting environment.
In essence, PRT computes the illumination of a point as a linear combination of incident irradiance. An efficient method must be used to encode this data, such as spherical harmonics.
When spherical harmonics are used to approximate the light transport function, only low-frequency effects can be handled with a reasonable number of parameters. Ren Ng et al. extended this work to handle higher frequency shadows by replacing spherical harmonics with non-linear wavelets.
Teemu Mäki-Patola gives a clear introduction to the topic based on the work of Peter-Pike Sloan et al. At SIGGRAPH 2005, a detailed course on PRT was given.
References
3D computer graphics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anime%20USA
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Anime USA (AUSA) is an annual three-day anime convention held during September/October at the Hyatt Regency Crystal City at Reagan National Airport in Arlington, Virginia.
Programming
The convention typically features an AMV contest, artist's alley, cosplay contest, dealer's room, host club/maid cafe, LARP, musical performances, tabletop gaming, video rooms, and workshop rooms.
History
The Northern Virginia Anime Association first organized the convention. Anime USA moved from the Sheraton Premiere in Tyson's Corner to the Hyatt Regency Crystal City in 2007, a location previously used by Katsucon and Otakon, due to the convention's growth. Renovations and the Hyatt Regency Crystal City layout caused problems during the 2008 convention. In 2010, the video games room was located in a sectioned off part of the parking garage, with at times a cap of 45 people, due to crowding and fire marshal concerns. In 2011 the video game room had to moved out of the parking garage due to concerns from the fire marshal, causing board gaming to be cancelled. For 2012, Anime USA moved to the Washington Marriott Wardman Park in Washington, D.C.
The convention partnered with the Make-A-Wish Foundation in 2011 to help an ill girl attend the convention. The conventions charity auction raised $3,621.25 for the Taylor Anderson '04 Memorial Gift Fund in 2011. The charity auction in 2012 benefited The DC Arts and Humanities Education Collaborative. Anime USA 2020 was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. No convention was held in 2021 due to the continuing COVID-19 pandemic, along with Anime USA's venue closing.
Anime USA returned to the Hyatt Regency Crystal City At Reagan National Airport in 2022.
Event history
Notes
Notoriety
Edward Snowden attended Anime USA 2002 and received attention while playing the video game Tekken.
References
External links
Anime USA Website
Anime conventions in the United States
Recurring events established in 1999
1999 establishments in Virginia
Annual events in Virginia
Festivals in Virginia
Virginia culture
Tourist attractions in Arlington County, Virginia
Conventions in Virginia
Crystal City, Arlington, Virginia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICI%20Radio-Canada%20T%C3%A9l%C3%A9
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ICI Radio-Canada Télé (formerly known as Télévision de Radio-Canada) is a Canadian French-language free-to-air television network owned by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (known in French as Société Radio-Canada), the national public broadcaster. Its English-language counterpart is CBC Television.
Its headquarters are at Maison Radio-Canada in Montreal, which is also home to the network's flagship station, CBFT-DT. Until the 2012 closedown of the CBC / Radio-Canada rebroadcaster network, it was the only francophone network in Canada to broadcast terrestrially in all Canadian provinces.
Programming
This network is considered more popular than CBC Television. It does not face such intense competition from American networks. Despite this, it has trailed TVA in the ratings for most of the last 30 years, roughly as long as its English counterpart has trailed CTV. Its ratings have improved with offbeat sitcoms, and the talk show Tout le monde en parle. With this success, however, have come accusations of dumbing down. For instance, Tout le monde en parle replaced the long-running Sunday night arts series Les Beaux Dimanches.
News programming is anchored by Le Téléjournal, which airs nightly at 10:00 p.m. Local newscasts, which air during the lunch and supper hours, now also carry the Téléjournal name, i.e., Le Téléjournal Montréal. The regional newscasts used to be called Ce Soir (This Evening).
Le Téléjournal
All Radio-Canada newscasts are broadcast under the name Le Téléjournal. The main evening broadcast airs most nights at 10:00 p.m. local time (11:00 p.m. in the Maritimes). Le Téléjournal is also seen live and as a repeat broadcast on a sister cable news channel RDI and on time-delay worldwide via an international francophone channel TV5. There are no morning newscasts. Local and regional news also takes the Téléjournal name followed by the name of a city, region, or province, or by the time of day (for example Le Téléjournal Montréal, Le Téléjournal Midi, etc.) CBVT-DT Quebec City, CBLFT-DT Toronto and CBOFT-DT Ottawa, and CBAFT-DT in the Atlantic provinces run local midday bulletins. In contrast, all affiliates run supper-hour bulletins which run from Monday to Fridays, with the exception of CBVT-DT, CBOFT-DT and CBAFT-DT, which run seven days a week.
Current affairs
Investigative reporting is broadcast weekly as Enquête. In 2008, the program tested the safety levels of Tasers in the wake of concerns raised after a Polish immigrant died after RCMP police officers fired a Taser in Vancouver International Airport. Other shows such as Découverte raised concerns about the safety of overhead bridges in Montreal after the collapse of a bridge in 2007.
There is also weekly programming on political affairs concerning the National Assembly of Quebec and the House of Commons of Canada with Les coulisses du pouvoir (The Corridors of Power). Science and technology issues are covered in Découverte and agricultural and rural topics in La semaine
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KAYU-TV
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KAYU-TV (channel 28) is a television station in Spokane, Washington, United States, affiliated with the Fox network. Owned by Imagicomm Communications, the station has studios on South Regal Street in Spokane, and its transmitter is on Krell Hill southeast of the city.
History
After beating out Springfield Television for the construction permit in 1981, Spokane native Robert Hamacher, a former employee of KREM-TV and later an executive at KSTW in Tacoma, put KAYU on the air on October 31, 1982. The first program to air was an episode of Rawhide. It was Spokane's first independent station and the first new commercial station to sign on in the area since KREM-TV began broadcasting 28 years earlier. It is also the oldest non-Big Three station in the eastern part of the state. It joined Fox as a charter affiliate on October 9, 1986.
On October 1, 1989, KAYU-TV launched two low-power semi-satellites: K53CY in Yakima (known on-air as "KCY") and K66BW in the Tri-Cities (branded as "KBW"). Both stations aired most of KAYU's programming (with the exception of select programs that KAYU did not have the rights to show in those markets), though with local commercials. K53CY was replaced in 1993 by K68EB, though it continued to go by "KCY" outside of station identifications.
Hamacher's company, Salmon River Communications sold KAYU-TV, along with K68EB (which was soon renamed KCYU-LP), KBWU-LP (the former K66BW), and KMVU in Medford, Oregon, to Northwest Broadcasting, a company controlled by Brian Brady, in 1995. KCYU and KBWU remained semi-satellites of KAYU until 1999, when full-power sister station KFFX-TV signed on from Pendleton, Oregon, and became their program source.
KAYU also carried UPN as a secondary affiliation from the network's launch on January 16, 1995, to 1997 when KSKN (channel 22) became the network's new affiliate.
On December 17, 2019, Apollo Global Management acquired the entirety of Brian Brady's television portfolio, as part of a larger transaction that saw it also acquire Cox Media Group. While the company was initially to be known as Terrier Media, it had been announced in June 2019 that Apollo would also acquire Cox's radio and advertising businesses, and maintain the existing Cox Media Group name for the combined company. Brady holds an unspecified minority interest in the company, which gave KAYU an in-state sister station in Seattle's CBS affiliate KIRO-TV.
On March 29, 2022, Cox Media Group announced it would sell KAYU-TV and 17 other stations to Imagicomm Communications, an affiliate of the parent company of the INSP cable channel, for $488 million; the sale was completed on August 1.
KAYU-DT2 (My 28 Spokane)
KAYU-TV's 28.2 subchannel broadcasts MyNetworkTV in early prime time; the remainder of the subchannel's schedule consists of Antenna TV programming. Comcast Xfinity carries the subchannel on digital channel 115.
It originally carried This TV until March 2015, when it switched to MyNetworkTV, which was previously ca
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uppland%20Runic%20Inscription%201011
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This runestone, listed in Rundata as runic inscription U 1011, was carved in the 11th century and was originally located at Örby, Rasbo, Sweden.
Description
This runestone consists of a runic inscription on two sides with the text within a serpent and a cross at the top. The runestone was moved from Rasbo to Uppsala in the 17th century. In 1867 this runestone, along with U 489 and U 896, was exhibited in the Exposition Universelle in Paris. It was dropped in Le Havre during its return. After having lain there for several decades, it was returned to Uppsala. It now stands in the Universitetsparken (the University Park) close to the main building of Uppsala University.
This is an unusual runestone in that its sponsor, Vigmund, raised it in honor of himself. There are over twenty other runestones where the sponsor stated that the stone was raised in memory of himself, including Sö 55 in Bjudby, U 127 in Danderyds, the now-lost U 149 in Hagby, U 164 and U 165 in Täby, U 171 in Söderby, U 194 in Väsby, U 212 in Vallentuna, U 261 in Fresta, U 308 in Ekeby, the now-lost U 345 in Yttergärde, U 433 in Husby-Ärlinghundra, U 734 in Linsunda, U 739 in Gådi, U 803 in Långtora, U 962 in Vaksala, U 1040 in Fasma, the now-lost U 1114 in Myrby, U 1181 in Lilla Runhällen, U Fv1958;250 in Sigtuna, Vs 17 in Råby, Vs 32 in Prästgården, and DR 212 in Tillitse. Of these, five stones known as the Jarlabanke Runestones were sponsored by the same person in memory of himself.
The inscription is carved in runestone style Pr4, which is also known as Urnes style. This runestone style is characterized by slim and stylized animals that are interwoven into tight patterns. The animal heads are typically seen in profile with slender almond-shaped eyes and upwardly curled appendages on the noses and the necks.
Similar the inscription on U 1016, this runic inscription uses the term stýrimanns or stýrimaðr as a title that is translated as "captain." Other runestones use this term apparently to describe working as a steersman on a ship. Other inscriptions using this title include Sö 161 in Råby, U 1016 in Fjuckby, U Fv1976;104 at the Uppsala Cathedral, and DR 1 in Hedeby. The Norse word sál for soul in the prayer was imported from English and was first recorded as being used during the tenth century.
Transliteration of runic inscription into Latin letters
§A uihmuntr ' lit ' agua * stain * at ' sig ' selfon ' slyiastr ' mono ' guþ ' ia[l]bi (s)ial ' uihmuntar * styrimons
§B uihmuntr * auk ' afiriþ : eku merki ' at kuikuan * sik *
Photographs
References
See also
Runic alphabet
Runestone
11th-century inscriptions
Runestones in Uppland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Tech%20Report
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The Tech Report is a web site which used to be dedicated to covering personal computing technology and culture. The Tech Report specialized in hardware and produced a quarterly system build guides at various price points, and occasional price vs. performance scatter plots. Tech Report also has an online community and used to have an active podcast. Some of the site's investigative articles regarding hardware benchmarking have been cited by other technology news sites like Anandtech and PC World.
The site went through ownership change and major redesign in middle of 2019 after which the site's focus and content went through significant changes, no longer specializing in hardware or producing any system guides, podcasts and no longer being focused on computer technology.
History
Tech Report was founded by Scott 'Damage' Wasson, a Harvard Divinity School graduate, and Andy 'Dr. Evil' Brown. Both started by writing at Ars Technica in 1998. The two later decided to launch their own website. The site eventually grew into a business enterprise with multiple full-time staff members.
Tech Report was originally located at tech-report.com in 1999. The site was moved to techreport.com in 2003.
On August 20, 2007, a beta for a new site design was posted in the forums for review by the user community. It was later moved to live.
Launching on January 1, 2011, the new site design, TR 3.0 rolled out. It offered a completely new layout and two user-switchable colors, blue and white, along with a reduced mobile device format.
On December 2, 2015 Scott Wasson, the founder and Editor-In-Chief stepped down as he accepted a role in AMD's graphics division. Wasson subsequently sold the company in March 2018 to Adam Eiberger, the Tech Report's business manager.
On December 21, 2018 Jeff Kampman stepped down as Editor-In-Chief. The site was then sold to investors John Rampton and John Rall, and Renee Johnson took over as Editor-in-Chief.
On July 7, 2019, coinciding with the release of AMD's Ryzen 3 CPUs and Navi GPUs, a site redesign was launched, moving from the Tech Report's former custom CMS and functionality to a Wordpress template. On July 9, Johnson posted an introduction to the design. The new redesign was met with criticism from the users. In August of the same year, TechReport staff removed all mention of former Editor-in-Chief Jeff Kampman at his own request and replaced his name with Renee Johnson on all articles Kampman contributed. His "farewell" message that he posted on December 21 of 2018 was also deleted from the site. The TechReport "About" page was also edited, and all information about the original founders was removed. The focus of the site has also changed from a focus on hardware news, reviews, and system guides to product promotion articles presented as reviews without using actual products or providing benchmark data for them and to so-called listicles, which may or may not be related to computing technology.
AMD TLB bug investigation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WATN-TV
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WATN-TV (channel 24) is a television station in Memphis, Tennessee, United States, affiliated with ABC. It is owned by Tegna Inc. alongside dual CW/MyNetworkTV affiliate WLMT (channel 30). Both stations share studios at the Shelby Oaks Corporate Park on Shelby Oaks Drive in the northeast section of Memphis, while WATN-TV's transmitter is located in the Brunswick section of unincorporated northeast Shelby County.
Channel 24 in Memphis began broadcasting in September 1978 as WPTY-TV, the first independent station in the Memphis area. It was originally owned by Petry Television, an advertising sales representative for TV stations. Under the station's third owner, Chase Broadcasting, WPTY cemented its status as the leading independent over channel 30 by securing the rights to Memphis State University basketball and the Fox affiliation, which had both been on its competitor. Clear Channel Television purchased WPTY-TV in 1992 and then began programming WLMT in 1993.
In 1995, Fox acquired WHBQ-TV (channel 13), then the ABC affiliate. As a result, WPTY-TV became the ABC affiliate in Memphis and started a local news department, though it has met with little ratings success. Clear Channel spun off its television stations to Newport Television in 2007; when Newport liquidated, channels 24 and 30 were purchased by Nexstar Broadcasting. Nexstar initiated a comprehensive overhaul of the station, moving it to its present studios and changing the call sign to WATN-TV. When Nexstar merged with Tribune Media in 2019, the company kept the higher-rated WREG-TV and spun off WATN–WLMT to Tegna.
History
The first proposal for a channel 24 television station in Memphis was made by Connecticut-based Gamma Television Corporation in 1965. Gamma president Al Hartigan promised a station focused on local events and news coverage. Two other applicants also sought channel 24 at this time: John McLendon and a consortium of Victor Muscat and Cliff Ford. The Muscat–Ford group was granted a construction permit by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in April 1968, having merged with McLendon's group and paid Gamma in exchange for its withdrawal. Muscat never built the station: he ultimately pled guilty in a legal case involving giving false and misleading information to the FCC, and when the FCC asked him to build the station after the trial concluded, he was unable to sell the permit in a timely manner and surrendered it to the commission.
As an independent station
Petry Television, a national advertising sales firm and representative to television stations nationally, applied through subsidiary Delta Television in 1977 for a construction permit to build channel 24. John Serrao, the operations director for Petry, noted that Memphis was the largest market lacking an independent station or a station on the ultra high frequency (UHF) band. The FCC granted the construction permit in December, and by June, construction was under way on studios at 2225 Union Avenue in Memphis
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligomorphic%20code
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Oligomorphic code, also known as semi-polymorphic code, is a method used by a computer virus to obfuscate its decryptor by generating different versions of it, in order to evade detection by antivirus software. It is similar to, but less sophisticated than, polymorphic code.
Oligomorphic code works by randomly selecting each piece of the decryptor from several predefined alternatives. At run time, these components can be combined in various ways to create new, distinct versions of the decryptor.
Having multiple possible decryptors makes it more difficult for a virus to be detected with anti-malware signatures. However, most oligomorphic viruses are only able to generate a limited amount of decryptors, around a few hundred, so detecting them with simple signatures is still possible. Another method to detect an oligomorphic decryptor is to make a signature for each possible piece of code, group pieces that can substitute each other together and scan the file for a chain of decryptor pieces from alternating groups. Emulation may be used to detect the virus, but it can take more resources than necessary.
History
The first known virus using oligomorphic code was the Whale DOS virus, identified in 1990, which chose from a few dozen distinct decryptors. The first Windows 95 virus using oligomorphic code was the Memorial virus, which could generate 96 distinct decryptor patterns. Another example is the Russian virus family WordSwap.
See also
Timeline of notable computer viruses and worms
Metamorphic code
Self-modifying code
Alphanumeric shellcode
Shellcode
Software cracking
Security cracking
Obfuscated code
References
Computer viruses
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDPH-LD
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KDPH-LD (channel 48) is a low-power religious television station in Phoenix, Arizona, United States, owned and operated by the Daystar Television Network. The station's transmitter is located atop South Mountain on the city's south side.
Daystar's presence in Phoenix dates to 2000, but the low-power license began in 1989 as the first Telemundo affiliate for Phoenix, originally on channel 64. Despite being a low-power station, the station, later known as KDRX-LP and KDRX-CA, produced local news programming. In 2002, Telemundo itself acquired KDRX and the co-owned Telemundo station in Tucson, KHRR. Telemundo and Daystar agreed in 2005 to an unusual license and facility swap; Telemundo traded a full-power station in Holbrook, Arizona, KPHZ, and the low-power channel 48 for its full-power KDTP (channel 39), which was accompanied by the redesignation of channel 39 for commercial use. This allowed Telemundo to compete more effectively with Univision in Phoenix.
History
An original construction permit for low-power television station K64DR, channel 64, was granted to Broadcasting Systems, Inc. on August 23, 1989. It was the second channel 64 construction permit in Phoenix; the first was owned by KNIX-FM 102.5 and dropped when the FCC decided to add a full-power channel 61 allocation to Phoenix, posing potential interference problems were it and channel 64 to both be built. The station was quickly built and was licensed on October 31, just two months later. It was affiliated with Telemundo and aired very little local programming. In December 1990, the station was sold to Hispanic Broadcasters of Arizona, Inc., which owned Tucson Telemundo affiliate "KHR" (later KHRR). Channel 64 grew quickly: it had 19 local staff by 1995, even though Cox Communications cable carried the national feed instead. In 1996, after LPTV stations were allowed to adopt four-letter call signs, K64DR (frequently known as "KDR") became KDRX-LP.
In October 1997, KDRX-LP added a Spanish-language newscast produced locally by ABC affiliate KNXV-TV (channel 15). The station would begin producing its own newscast a few years later after moving into KNXV's former Phoenix studio facility.
The station was sold to Apogeo Television Phoenix LLC in 1999 and moved to channel 48 in 2000, improving over-the-air reception. They became a Class A television station a year later when that class of station was approved by the FCC. The locally produced newscast and the move to in-core channel 48 helped them to qualify for the new status, giving them primary station protection during the digital television conversion of full-service stations, and guaranteeing them an opportunity to upgrade to digital TV. In December 2002, Telemundo acquired KDRX-LP and KHRR for $19 million apiece.
However, Telemundo in Phoenix was up against one of the country's most dominant Univision outlets, full-powered KTVW. In 2005, Univision cornered 89% of the Spanish-language ratings in Phoenix, which was the last major mar
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WLMT
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WLMT (channel 30) is a television station in Memphis, Tennessee, United States, affiliated with The CW and MyNetworkTV. It is owned by Tegna Inc. alongside ABC affiliate WATN-TV (channel 24). Both stations share studios at the Shelby Oaks Corporate Park on Shelby Oaks Drive in northeast Memphis, while WLMT's transmitter is located in the Brunswick section of unincorporated northeast Shelby County.
Channel 30 began broadcasting as WMKW-TV on April 18, 1983. Owned by a consortium of TVX Broadcast Group and local investors including Kemmons Wilson, it was the second independent station in the market behind channel 24, then WPTY-TV. It was the original Memphis affiliate of Fox from 1986 to 1990. However, after TVX sold the station to MT Communications (who changed its call sign to WLMT) in 1989, it lost the Fox affiliation to the higher-rated WPTY-TV. MT Communications also purchased a TV station in Jackson and renamed it WMTU; it simulcast most of channel 30's programming, though in later years this was limited to local newscasts.
Clear Channel Communications, the then-owner of WPTY-TV, began leasing channel 30 in 1993, leading to a merger of operations. In 1995, the station became an affiliate of UPN and added a local 9 p.m. newscast in conjunction with WPTY-TV's switch to ABC; the local newscast has been competitive in the market, sometimes beating channel 24's own late news. The station became an affiliate of The CW in 2006; it was already airing programming from its predecessors, UPN and The WB. It was acquired by Newport Television in 2007, Nexstar Broadcasting Group in 2012, and Tegna in 2019.
History
The first attempt to build channel 30 in Memphis were made by Memphis Telecasters, Inc., which applied for the channel in March 1966. A construction permit for WMTU-TV was awarded in June to the firm, which consisted half of Memphians and half of doctors from Charlotte, North Carolina, and Washington, D.C., who were operating WCTU-TV in Charlotte. Memphis Telecasters never built the channel and assigned the still-active construction permit in 1975 to the Christian Broadcasting Network. CBN proposed to air family-friendly and religious programs. The station was still not built by 1977, and CBN intended to sell the permit to Evans Broadcasting Corporation, whose holdings included another channel 30: KDNL-TV in St. Louis.
WMKW-TV: The TVX years
As the WMTU-TV permit vanished, interest began again when Memphis 30, Inc., applied for the channel in February 1979. Among the members of this ownership group were Kemmons Wilson, the founder of Holiday Inn, and George S. Flinn Jr. Memphis 30 merged with another applicant, TV 30, Inc., and a third minority owner, Television Corporation Stations Inc. (TVX, later renamed the TVX Broadcast Group), to form Memphis Area Telecasters, which won the construction permit in 1981. The next year, TVX became the 51-percent owner of the station, which adopted the call letters WMKW-TV (Memphis/Kemmons Wilson). The ante
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dovecot%20%28software%29
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Dovecot is an open-source IMAP and POP3 server for Unix-like operating systems, written primarily with security in mind. Timo Sirainen originated Dovecot and first released it in July 2002. Dovecot developers primarily aim to produce a lightweight, fast and easy-to-set-up open-source email server.
The primary purpose of Dovecot is to act as a mail storage server. The mail is delivered to the server using some mail delivery agent (MDA) and is stored for later access with an email client (mail user agent, or MUA). Dovecot can also act as mail proxy server, forwarding connection to another mail server, or act as a lightweight MUA in order to retrieve and manipulate mail on remote server for e.g. mail migration.
According to the Open Email Survey, as of 2020, Dovecot has an installed base of at least 2.9million IMAP servers, and has a global market share of 76.9% of all IMAP servers. The results of the same survey in 2019 gave figures of 2.6million and 76.2%, respectively.
Features
Dovecot can work with standard mbox, Maildir, and its own native high-performance dbox formats. It is fully compatible with UW IMAP and Courier IMAP servers’ implementation of them, as well as mail clients accessing the mailboxes directly.
Dovecot also includes a mail delivery agent (called Local delivery agent in Dovecot's documentation) and an LMTP server, with the optional Sieve filtering support.
Dovecot supports a variety of authentication schemas for IMAP, POP and message submission agent (MSA) access, including CRAM-MD5 and the more secure DIGEST-MD5.
With version 2.2, some new features have been added to Dovecot, e.g. additional IMAP command extensions, dsync has been rewritten or optimized, and shared mailboxes now support per-user flags.
Version 2.3 adds a message submission agent, Lua scripting for authentication, and some other improvements.
Apple Inc. includes Dovecot for email services since Mac OS X Server 10.6 Snow Leopard.
In 2017, Mozilla, via the Mozilla Open Source Support program, conducted a security audit on the Dovecot software, the first public audit of the Dovecot code.
See also
Comparison of mail servers
References
External links
Official docs with how-tos and documentation
Free email server software
Free software programmed in C
Email server software for Linux
Software using the MIT license
Software developed in Finland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KTAZ
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KTAZ (channel 39) is a television station in Phoenix, Arizona, United States, serving as the local outlet for the Spanish-language network Telemundo. Owned and operated by NBCUniversal's Telemundo Station Group, KTAZ maintains studios on South 33rd Place in Phoenix, and its transmitter is located atop South Mountain on the city's south side. In Tucson, KHRR (channel 40) operates as a semi-satellite of KTAZ with local advertising. Statewide newscasts for both stations, , are produced from Phoenix.
Telemundo's broadcast history in Phoenix and northern Arizona is unusually convoluted. The network first appeared in 1989 on low-power station K64DR, later KDRX-LP and KDRX-CA. Despite being a low-power station, KDRX began airing local newscasts in 1997 and was sold to the Telemundo network in 2002. However, the signal left the station at a disadvantage to Telemundo's competitor, Univision. As a result, in 2005, Telemundo and the Daystar Television Network agreed in 2005 to an unusual license and facility swap; Telemundo traded a full-power station in Holbrook, Arizona—KPHZ, which had mostly aired home shopping programming—and KDRX-CA for its full-power KDTP (channel 39), which was accompanied by the redesignation of channel 39 for commercial use.
History
In 1986, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) designated VHF channel 11 as a commercial allotment for Holbrook. The allotment lay vacant until April 1996, when Channel 11 LLC applied for a permit to build a TV station. The application was granted on January 23, 1998, and in March, Channel 11 requested KBCZ for its call sign. In August 2000, Channel 11 struck an agreement to sell the station to Venture Technologies Group, LLC, which was approved in November and consummated in December. Venture immediately changed the call letters to KPHZ and requested a waiver of the Main Studio Rule so that they could operate their new station out of existing facilities in Phoenix, used for stations KPHZ-LP (channel 58, now KDTP-LP channel 48) and KPSW-LP (channel 41, now KPDF-CD), instead of having the added expense of studio facilities in Holbrook. Venture signed the station on air in January 2001 as an affiliate of the home shopping channel America's Collectibles Network (ACN)—now Jewelry Television (JTV). The FCC granted a license to KPHZ on December 5, 2001. The station was never profitable, and in April 2002, shortly after its acquisition by NBC, Telemundo reached an agreement with Venture to acquire KPHZ, along with Venture's two Phoenix low power stations. The FCC granted the request on August 23, and the purchase was consummated on September 26. KPHZ was Telemundo's second full-power station in Arizona, after KHRR in Tucson, but it continued to air ACN programming until July 2003, when it switched to Telemundo programming.
License swap
By 2004, NBCUniversal concluded that in a small town like Holbrook (which had a population of 4,917, according to the 2000 U.S. Census), KPHZ was losing money and would
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuhan%20Metro
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Wuhan Metro is a rapid transit system serving the city of Wuhan, Hubei, China. Owned and operated by Wuhan Metro Group Co., Ltd., the network now includes 11 lines, 291 stations, and of route length. With 1.22 billion annual passengers in 2019, Wuhan Metro is the sixth-busiest rapid transit system in mainland China. There are a number of lines or sections under construction. The government of Wuhan City promised the citizens that at least two lines or sections open every year.
Line 1, the first line in the system, opened on 28 July 2004, making Wuhan the seventh city in mainland China with a rapid transit system, after the cities of Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Changchun, and Dalian. Line 2 opened on 28 December 2012 and is the first underground rail line crossing the Yangtze River. The system has since undergone rapid expansion.
History
Preliminary studies of urban rail transit systems were prompted by the city shortly after a Belgian Railways delegation visit in 1984. Following the demolition of the old Beijing-Hankou Railway, the city of Wuhan planned to utilize the corridor to construct the city's first rapid transit rail line. In September 1992, the Wuhan Metro Construction Group was established by Wuhan Municipal Construction Commission and a supervision group, led by the mayor Qian Yunlu, was subsequently formed in 1993 to facilitate the project's funding, planning, logistics, and organization. It took seven years before the city was able to fund construction.
In October 1999, the National Planning Commission (predecessor of the National Development and Reform Commission) approved the Wuhan "Light Rail" project (Line 1, phase 1), signalling the start of serious work on the rail transit project. On October 2, 2000, the Wuhan Municipal Government ratified the establishment of Wuhan Rail Transit Co., Ltd., and contracted construction, operation, administration and related real estate development to the corporation.
In December 2000, the National Planning Commission accepted a feasibility report on the project and approved construction on phase 1 of Line 1. On December 23, 2000, the project broke ground and comprehensive construction began.
In 2002, with the anticipation of an economic boom and increasing demand for urban rail transit, Wuhan Municipal Government approved the city's first long-term rail transit master plan. On July 28, 2004, the ten-station long "light rail" line was opened to the public and entered revenue service in August. However, low ridership discouraged the city from funding the extension project, for which ground had been broken on December 15, 2005, and a 4-year delay in construction ensued. In April 2006, the NDRC ratified a six-year construction/operation plan, but it was not until a year later on April 9, 2007, that NDRC accepted the feasibility report for line 1, phase 2 (the extension project) and approved construction on the project.
In the interim, construction began on Fanhu station of the ful
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline%20of%20file%20sharing
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This is a timeline of events in the history of networked file sharing.
Graphical timeline
1970s
1976 – Xmodem a point-to-point binary transfer protocol by Ward Christensen.
February 1978 – Ward Christensen's CBBS becomes the first Bulletin board system. BBS access is limited to phone lines until the early 1990s.
1979 – Usenet conceived by Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Duke University. Its primary purpose is to facilitate focused discussion threads within topical categories (Usenet newsgroups), but it also allows the transfer of files. alt.binaries.* newsgroups continue to serve files.
1980s
Most file sharing in this era was done by modem over landline telephone, at speeds from 300 to 9600 bits per second. Many file systems in use only supported short filenames. Computer memory and speed was very limited, with 33 MHz CPUs only being accessible to consumers at the end of the decade.
1981 – Kermit (protocol) – a binary protocol that can be used with telnet or other BBS systems to transfer binary data.
January 1984 – In Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc., the Supreme Court of the United States finds that making individual copies of complete television shows for purposes of time-shifting is fair use. This case would create some interpretative challenges to courts in applying the case to more recent file sharing technologies available for use on home computers and over the Internet.
1984 – Fidonet, an inter-BBS protocol that became widely available, is founded by Tom Jennings.
October 1985 – File Transfer Protocol is standardized in RFC 959, authored by Postel and Reynolds. FTP allows files to be efficiently uploaded and downloaded from a central server.
1985 – Ymodem – a minor improvement to Xmodem.
1986 – Zmodem – another point-to-point binary transfer protocol, which had superior long-distance (high latency) transmission.
August 1988 – Internet Relay Chat is created by Jarkko Oikarinen.
1990s
FTP, IRC and Usenet were the main vehicles for file sharing in this decade. Data compression technologies for audio and video (like MP3, AAC and MPEG) came into use towards the end of the 1990s. Copper wire was common with fibre optic cable only becoming available late in the decade.
1990 – Michael Sandrof adds Client-to-client protocol functionality to IRC client ircII allowing users to share files.
November 1990 – The World Wide Web is formally proposed by Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau.
December 1991 – The Moving Picture Experts Group chooses an audio codec developed by Karlheinz Brandenburg and his colleagues at Fraunhofer Society with input from AT&T and Thomson to serve as the MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 (MP3) ISO/IEC standard. This allows songs on CDs to be converted into small computer files.
June 1992 – RFC 1341 establishes the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions(MIME) standards for sending audio and images by email, paving the way for the alt.binaries hierarc
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KFSP
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''See also KFAN Sports Radio Network
KFSP (1230 AM) is a radio station licensed to Mankato, Minnesota and serving the greater Mankato area and the Minnesota River Valley with a sports format. The station is an affiliate of the regional KFAN Sports Radio Network and Fox Sports Radio. Founded in 1938 as KYSM, KFSP is the oldest radio station in Mankato.
The station is owned by Linder Radio Group. It was formerly owned by Clear Channel Communications, which sold its Mankato stations — KYSM, KYSM-FM, and KXLP — to Three Eagles Communications following Clear Channel's 2006 privatization. In September 2007, Three Eagles agreed to sell KYSM and KXLP to Linder Radio Group, a.k.a. Minnesota Valley Broadcasting Co. Linder currently owns KDOG, KTOE, KXAC, KATO-FM and KXLP in the Mankato market.
KYSM was a Top 40 station in the 1960s, full service MOR station during the 1970s and 1980s. The station aired a satellite-fed oldies format until 1995, when it flipped to a satellite-fed adult standards format.
References
External links
1230 The Fan official website
The Fan Radio Network
Radio stations in Minnesota
Sports radio stations in the United States
Mankato, Minnesota
Radio stations established in 1938
1938 establishments in Minnesota
Fox Sports Radio stations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon%20%28disambiguation%29
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Argon is a chemical element with symbol Ar and atomic number 18.
Argon may also refer to:
Computing
Argon, a family of Soviet computers
Argon, the codename of the first AMD Athlon core
Argon, an Augmented Reality browser from Georgia Tech
Argon, a 3-D modeling software package from Ashlar-Vellum
Argon2, a cryptographic key derivation function
Fiction
Argons, the main antagonists in the game TERA: Rising
Argon, a faction in the X game series
Other uses
Argon (1908 automobile), a defunct British automobile
Argon (clothing), Indian garment
Argon, a codename used for the KH-5 Argon reconnaissance satellite
Argon people, of the Ladakh region in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir
Arghun, a.k.a. Argon ( – 1291), the fourth ruler of the Mongol empire's Ilkhanate
Ali Argon, American engineer
Argon (TV series), 2017 South Korean TV series
Argon (band), South Korean boy band
See also
Aragon (disambiguation)
Argonne (disambiguation)
Argonaut (disambiguation)
AR (disambiguation)
Ergon (disambiguation)
Orgon
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institution%20%28computer%20science%29
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The notion of institution was created by Joseph Goguen and Rod Burstall in the late 1970s, in order to deal with the "population explosion among the logical systems used in computer science". The notion attempts to "formalize the informal" concept of logical system.
The use of institutions makes it possible to develop concepts of specification languages (like structuring of specifications, parameterization, implementation, refinement, and development), proof calculi, and even tools in a way completely independent of the underlying logical system. There are also morphisms that allow to relate and translate logical systems. Important applications of this are re-use of logical structure (also called borrowing), and heterogeneous specification and combination of logics.
The spread of institutional model theory has generalized various notions and results of model theory, and institutions themselves have impacted the progress of universal logic.
Definition
The theory of institutions does not assume anything about the nature of the logical system. That is, models and sentences may be arbitrary objects; the only assumption is that there is a satisfaction relation between models and sentences, telling whether a sentence holds in a model or not. Satisfaction is inspired by Tarski's truth definition, but can in fact be any binary relation.
A crucial feature of institutions is that models, sentences, and their satisfaction, are always considered to live in some vocabulary or context (called signature) that defines the (non-logic) symbols that may be used in sentences and that need to be interpreted in models. Moreover, signature morphisms allow to extend signatures, change notation, and so on. Nothing is assumed about signatures and signature morphisms except that signature morphisms can be composed; this amounts to having a
category of signatures and morphisms. Finally, it is assumed that signature morphisms lead to translations of sentences and models in a way that satisfaction is preserved. While sentences are translated along with signature morphisms (think of symbols being replaced along the morphism), models are translated (or better: reduced) against signature morphisms. For example, in the case of a signature extension, a model of the (larger) target signature may be reduced to a model of the (smaller) source signature by just forgetting some components of the model.
Let denote the opposite of the category of small categories. An institution formally consists of
a category of signatures,
a functor giving, for each signature , the set of sentences , and for each signature morphism , the sentence translation map , where often is written as ,
a functor giving, for each signature , the category of models , and for each signature morphism , the reduct functor , where often is written as ,
a satisfaction relation for each ,
such that for each in , the following satisfaction condition holds:
for each and .
The satisfaction conditio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WFLI-TV
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WFLI-TV (channel 53) is a television station licensed to Cleveland, Tennessee, United States, serving the Chattanooga area as a dual affiliate of The CW and MyNetworkTV. It is owned by MPS Media, which maintains a local marketing agreement (LMA) with New Age Media, owner of True Crime Network/Comet affiliate WDSI-TV (channel 61), for the provision of certain services. Sinclair Broadcast Group, owner of dual ABC/Fox affiliate WTVC (channel 9), provides some engineering functions for both stations under LMAs and also programs WFLI-TV.
WFLI-TV and WDSI-TV share studios on East Main Street (SR 8/US 41/US 76) in Chattanooga's Highland Park section; master control and some internal operations for the two stations are based at WTVC's facilities on Benton Drive in Chattanooga. WFLI-TV's transmitter is located on Signal Mountain in the town of Walden.
Although parts of the Chattanooga market are in the Central Time Zone, all schedules are listed in Eastern Time.
History
The station signed on May 25, 1987, as an independent co-owned with WFLI radio (1070 AM) (hence the television station call sign). It aired an analog signal on UHF channel 53 from a transmitter in Cohutta, Georgia. On January 16, 1995, WFLI joined UPN as a charter affiliate. In 1997, the station was sold to Lambert Broadcasting, LLC. It added The WB in 1999 as a secondary affiliation; two years later, WFLI dropped UPN and became a full-time WB affiliate. The Meredith Corporation acquired WFLI in 2004.
Between 2001 and 2003, the station sold late-night Saturday paid programming time to an independent producer, out of which eventually arose the format and style of Fuel TV (now Fox Sports 2), which went by that name on WFLI. Fox Cable Networks eventually bought the trademarks and concept of Fuel TV in 2003 to launch it as a full-fledged cable network in July of that year, and the original Fuel TV program on WFLI ended in September 2003.
On March 7, 2006, WFLI was announced as Chattanooga's CW affiliate at the network's launch on September 18 in the wake of the merger of The WB and UPN into The CW. Meanwhile, WDSI launched a new second digital subchannel to serve as the area's MyNetworkTV affiliate beginning September 5. On November 26, 2007, Meredith announced the sale of WFLI to MPS Media which closed April 1, 2008. Shortly thereafter, New Age Media (owner of WDSI) began operation of the station through an LMA. On May 23, 2011, WFLI signed on a new third digital subchannel of its own to offer MeTV.
Sinclair Broadcast Group purchased the non-license assets of WFLI-TV and WDSI-TV from New Age Media for $1.25 million in September 2015 and began operating them under a master services agreement.
On July 28, 2021, the FCC issued a Forfeiture Order stemming from a lawsuit against MPS Media. The lawsuit, filed by AT&T, alleged that MPS Media failed to negotiate for retransmission consent in good faith for the stations. Owners of other Sinclair-managed stations, such as Deerfield Media, were a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Samurai%20Jack%20episodes
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Samurai Jack is an American animated television series created by animator Genndy Tartakovsky that aired on Cartoon Network from August 10, 2001, to September 25, 2004. The series follows a feudal Japanese prince trained to be a samurai warrior, who tries to destroy the supernatural evil being Aku to protect his homeland but is teleported into a distant future where Aku rules the world. The young man adopts the name "Jack" after an encounter with the youth of the future, and he embarks on a perpetual quest to return to his own time and undo Aku's tyranny.
Samurai Jack aired for four seasons that span 52 episodes. A fifth season spanning 10 episodes premiered on Adult Swim's Toonami block on March 11, 2017, and concluded on May 20, 2017.
The first four seasons are available on Region 1 DVD. A compilation featuring the first three episodes was released as a stand-alone movie titled Samurai Jack: The Premiere Movie on VHS and DVD on March 19, 2002.
Series overview
Episodes
All episodes are identified in the credits by Roman numerals, which correspond to the total number of episodes released until the fifth season, which adds 40 to the number of the Season 4 finale, LII (52), to start the numeration of its episodes at XCII (92) (like there were 39 episodes left out, and it represents 3 more seasons with 13 episodes each) and reflect the long passage of time between Season 4 and Season 5. All episodes from the first four seasons also have an alternate, more descriptive title.
Season 1 (2001)
Season 2 (2002)
Season 3 (2002–03)
Season 4 (2003–2004)
Season 5 (2017)
References
External links
Samurai Jack
Samurai Jack
Samurai Jack
Lists of Cartoon Network television series episodes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDSI-TV
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WDSI-TV (channel 61) is a television station in Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States, affiliated with True Crime Network and Comet. The station is owned by New Age Media, which also operates Cleveland-licensed dual CW/MyNetworkTV affiliate WFLI-TV (channel 53) under a local marketing agreement (LMA) with MPS Media. Sinclair Broadcast Group, owner of dual ABC/Fox affiliate WTVC (channel 9), provides some engineering functions for both stations under LMAs and also programs WFLI-TV.
WDSI-TV and WFLI-TV share studios on East Main Street (SR 8/US 41/US 76) in Chattanooga's Highland Park section; master control and some internal operations for the two stations are based at WTVC's facilities on Benton Drive in Chattanooga. WDSI-TV's transmitter is located on Signal Mountain in the town of Walden.
Established in 1972 as independent station WRIP-TV, channel 61 later became WDSI-TV in 1983. The station was a Fox affiliate from 1986 to 2015, when Sinclair purchased the programming assets of New Age Media's Chattanooga stations but did not assume program control of WDSI-TV.
History
WRIP-TV
The station signed on the air on January 24, 1972, with the call letters WRIP-TV. It aired an analog signal on UHF channel 61, and was sister station to WRIP radio in Rossville, Georgia (AM 980, now WDYN and FM 105.5, now WRXR). Signing on nearly five years after the construction permit was granted in March 1967, it was Tennessee's second independent station, having launched a little over nine months after the state's first independent, WMCV in Nashville, went off the air but only to return in 1976 as WZTV. It is the state's oldest television station in continuous operation to have never had affiliation with any of the big three networks (ABC, CBS, and NBC). The station was owned by Jay Sadow.
Initially, WRIP was positioned as an all-movie station. Therefore, early programming on WRIP included older movies from the 1930s to early 1960s for most of its broadcast day along with some theatrical cartoons and shorts. These selections included Little Rascals, Three Stooges, and Looney Tunes. The station was on-the-air for about twelve hours a day signing on at noon. By the summer the station was on 19 hours a day signing on at 7 a.m.
The station was plagued by financial problems for several reasons. It was a UHF station serving a small market in a very mountainous area. In analog days, UHF stations, especially those on high channel numbers, usually did not get good reception more than about away in rugged terrain. Also, the station was losing money because it overspent on movie packages. The station was locally owned and its owner did not have the money to spend on any other programming investments. In the course of 1973, WRIP-TV gradually shifted to a somewhat traditional independent station schedule of programs but with a low-budget approach.
By 1974, it added low-budget cartoons, low-budget syndicated shows such as wildlife and sporting shows, and locally based relig
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neeraj%20Kayal
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Neeraj Kayal () is an Indian computer scientist and mathematician noted for development of the AKS primality test, along with Manindra Agrawal and Nitin Saxena. Kayal was born and raised in Guwahati, India.
Early life and education
Kayal was born and raised in Guwahati, India.
Kayal graduated with a B.Tech from the Computer Science Department of the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur (IITK), India in 2002. In that year, Neeraj along with Manindra Agrawal and Nitin Saxena proposed the AKS primality test, which attracted worldwide attention, including an article in The New York Times.
Kayal received his PhD in theoretical computer science from the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur. He did postdoctoral research at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton and at Rutgers University. Since 2008, he has been working with the Microsoft Research Lab India as a researcher.
Awards
Neeraj Kayal was given the Distinguished Alumnus Award of the IITK, for his work in computational complexity theory. He is also a recipient of the Gödel prize and the Fulkerson Prize for the same along with his co-authors. In 2012, he was awarded the Young Scientist Award from the Indian National Science Academy (INSA) for contributions to the development of arithmetic complexity theory including the development of a deterministic algorithm for primality testing, the resolution of the constant fan-in conjecture for depth three circuits, and a reconstruction algorithm for arithmetic formulas.
In 2021, he won the Infosys Prize in Mathematical Sciences. He was awarded the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize in Mathematical Sciences for the year 2022. The announcement of the awardees for 2022 was however made in 2023.
References
External links
Neeraj Kayal homepage.
Distinguished Alumnus Award Profile: Neeraj Kayal at the IIT Kanpur Alumni Association.
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
IIT Kanpur alumni
Indian computer scientists
Theoretical computer scientists
Microsoft employees
Gödel Prize laureates
Scientists from Guwahati
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonical%20analysis
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In statistics, canonical analysis (from bar, measuring rod, ruler) belongs to the family of regression methods for data analysis. Regression analysis quantifies a relationship between a predictor variable and a criterion variable by the coefficient of correlation r, coefficient of determination r2, and the standard regression coefficient β. Multiple regression analysis expresses a relationship between a set of predictor variables and a single criterion variable by the multiple correlation R, multiple coefficient of determination R2, and a set of standard partial regression weights β1, β2, etc. Canonical variate analysis captures a relationship between a set of predictor variables and a set of criterion variables by the canonical correlations ρ1, ρ2, ..., and by the sets of canonical weights C and D.
Canonical analysis
Canonical analysis belongs to a group of methods which involve solving the characteristic equation for its latent roots and vectors. It describes formal structures in hyperspace invariant with respect to the rotation of their coordinates. In this type of solution, rotation leaves many optimizing properties preserved, provided it takes place in certain ways and in a subspace of its corresponding hyperspace. This rotation from the maximum intervariate correlation structure into a different, simpler and more meaningful structure increases the interpretability of the canonical weights C and D. In this the canonical analysis differs from Harold Hotelling's (1936) canonical variate analysis (also called the canonical correlation analysis), designed to obtain maximum (canonical) correlations between the predictor and criterion canonical variates. The difference between the canonical variate analysis and canonical analysis is analogous to the difference between the principal components analysis and factor analysis, each with its characteristic set of commonalities, eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
Canonical analysis (simple)
Canonical analysis is a multivariate technique which is concerned with determining the relationships between groups of variables in a data set. The data set is split into two groups X and Y, based on some common characteristics. The purpose of canonical analysis is then to find the relationship between X and Y, i.e. can some form of X represent Y. It works by finding the linear combination of X variables, i.e. X1, X2 etc., and linear combination of Y variables, i.e. Y1, Y2 etc., which are most highly correlated. This combination is known as the "first canonical variates" which are usually denoted U1 and V1, with the pair of U1 and V1 being called a "canonical function". The next canonical functions, U2 and V2 are then restricted so that they are uncorrelated with U1 and V1. Everything is scaled so that the variance equals 1.
One can also construct relationships which are made to agree with constraint restrictions arising from theory or to agree with common sense/intuition. These are called maximum correlation models.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rundata
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The Scandinavian Runic-text Data Base () is a project involving the creation and maintenance of a database of runic inscriptions. The project's goal is to comprehensively catalog runestones in a machine-readable way for future research. The database is freely available via the Internet with a client program, called Rundata, for Microsoft Windows. For other operating systems, text files are provided or a web browser can be used to interact with the web application Runor.
History
The origin of the Rundata project was a 1986 database of Swedish inscriptions at Uppsala University for use in the Scandinavian Languages Department. At a seminar in 1990 it was proposed to expand the database to cover all Nordic runic inscriptions, but funding for the project was not available until a grant was received in 1992 from the Axel och Margaret Ax:son Johnsons foundation. The project officially started on January 1, 1993 at Uppsala University. After 1997, the project was no longer funded and work continued on a voluntary basis outside of normal work-hours. In the current edition, published on December 3, 2008, there are over 6500 inscriptions in the database.
Work is currently underway for the next edition of the database.
Format of entries
Each entry includes the original text, its format, location, English and Swedish translations, information about the stone itself, et cetera. The stones are identified with a code which consists of up to three parts.
The first part describes the origin of the inscription. For Swedish inscriptions this contains a code for the province, and, for Extra-Nordic inscriptions, a code for the country (not ISO 3166).
Province code:
Bo - Bohuslän
D - Dalarna
G - Gotland
Gs - Gästrikland
Hs - Hälsingland
J - Jämtland
Lp - Lappland
M - Medelpad
Nä - Närke
Sm - Småland
Sö - Södermanland
U - Uppland
Vg - Västergötland
Vr - Värmland
Vs - Västmanland
Ög - Östergötland
Öl - Öland
Country code:
BR - British Islands
DR - Denmark (includes Skåne, Halland, Blekinge, and Southern Schleswig). Stone numbers taken from Jacobsen & Moltke (1941-1942)
FR - Faroe Islands
GR - Greenland
IR - Ireland
IS - Iceland
N - Norway
X - Other areas
The second part of the code consists of a serial number or a previous method of cataloging.
The third part of the code is a character which indicates the age (Proto-Norse, Viking Age, or Middle Ages) and whether the inscription is lost or retranslated.
# - inscription lost, later replaced with †
$ - newly retranslated
M - inscription from the Middle Ages
U - inscription in Proto-Norse, i.e. before ca 800.
[inscription from the Viking Age, if M or U are not present]
As such, U 88 would mean that the stone is from Uppland and that it is the 88th to be catalogued. This system has its origin in the book Sveriges runinskrifter (English: "Runic Inscriptions of Sweden")
Time periods used in Rundata
Most of the time, the Period/Datering information in Rundata just gives the date as V, meaning Viking Age, which is
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild%20TV
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Wild TV is a Canadian English language Category B specialty channel broadcasting programming focusing on hunting, fishing, shooting, and the outdoors. The channel is owned by Dieter Kohler through Wild TV Inc.
Distribution
In May 2003, Dieter Kohler was granted approval from the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to launch a television specialty channel called The Hunting Channel, which was described as service that "would be devoted to all aspects of hunting and fishing. It would include programming that educates the viewer on the conservation and future of wildlife, food preparation, and safety issues relating to the use of firearms and bow and arrow hunting."
The channel launched in September 2004. While initially being available only through a few smaller television service providers such as Access Cable and Westman Communications, it has since become widely available across Canada on all major television service providers including Cogeco, Rogers Cable, Shaw Cable, Shaw Direct, Videotron, Bell Satellite TV, and Eastlink.
In March 2019, Wild TV was renamed Wild Pursuit Network when it entered into a partnership with Pursuit Channel in the United States. The partnership ended in the late summer of 2019 and the channel's name was changed back to Wild TV.
International broadcast
New Zealand
Wild TV reached its first international distribution agreement with TelstraClear in New Zealand. It first aired on July 1, 2009 on TelstraClear's InHomeTV service (Channel 39).
Europe
In 2010 and 2011, Wild TV was launched in several European markets including Finland, Estonia, Sweden, Slovakia, Czech Republic, and Slovenia.
Wild TV HD
On January 28, 2010, Wild TV HD was launched as a high definition simulcast of Wild TV's standard definition feed. It is available on Rogers Cable, MTS, Optik TV and SaskTel. On December 4, 2013, Videotron added Wild TV HD.
References
External links
Sports television networks in Canada
Television channels and stations established in 2004
Digital cable television networks in Canada
English-language television stations in Canada
2004 establishments in Canada
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Beast%20%28game%29
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The Beast is an alternate reality game developed by Microsoft to promote the 2001 film A.I. Artificial Intelligence. Entry points to the game embedded into the film's promotion centered on the fictional Jeanine Salla and the death of her friend Evan Chan. In 2142, Jeanine learns that Evan was murdered and her investigation uncovers a network of murders of humans and artificial intelligences. The game launched on March 8, 2001 and continued running past its initially scheduled end date on June 29, the film's release date.
Players were led through a network of websites created by Warner Bros. registered to fake names, and further clues were given in subsequent promotional materials and events for the film. The game drew a large, tight-knit player base who created online groups dedicated to the game, most prominently the Yahoo! Group Cloudmakers. The Beast was described as "unprecedented even by Hollywood standards" and is considered among the most influential early alternate reality games.
Game
The Beast centers around the fictional Jeanine Salla, who investigates the death of her friend Evan Chan and discovers a cover-up involving a string of murdered humans and artificial intelligences. Players were led through a network of over forty websites created by Warner Bros. via clues left in trailers, print ads, posters, telephone messages, and live promotional events for the film A.I. Artificial Intelligence. The game launched on March 8, 2001 and continued running past its initially scheduled end on June 29, the release date for the film.
Premise
Set in 2142, roughly forty years after A.I. Artificial Intelligence, Evan Chan is said to be killed in a boating accident aboard his artificial intelligence-enhanced boat Cloudmaker. Dr. Jeanine Salla receives a cryptic message revealing he was murdered and leads an investigation. She discovers that he was having an affair with Venus, a companion bot reprogramed to kill Evan, and that the ensuing cover-up triggers further murders of humans and artificial intelligences. Simultaneously, the Mann Act is brought before the legislature and the president and ultimately put to referendum to decide if artificial intelligence will be treated equal to human citizens.
Plot development
Clues to the game were distributed through trailers, print ads, posters, telephone messages, and live promotional events for the film A.I. Artificial Intelligence and even in graffiti in public restrooms in major cities throughout the United States. Online, the game was presented through numerous websites in text, photograph, video, and audio based formats.
Players entered the game through one of three entry points, called "rabbit holes" by the development team, centering on Dr. Jeanine Salla: trailers and posters credited Jeanine Salla as the production's "sentient machine therapist", a phone number hidden in another trailer ultimately led to Jeanine, and a promotional poster sent to technology and entertainment media outlets had
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD%20Loader
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HD Loader is a program for the PlayStation 2 video game console which allows users to play games installed on the optional hard drive peripheral via PlayStation 2 Network Adaptor. The games can be copied to the hard drive from within the program, or by using a computer with image dumping software that outputs to a specific custom format.
The HD Loader software does not require an original Sony hard drive to function properly, however some drives may be impossible to attach without modifying connectors. Games may also refuse to detect the drive if it is unofficial.
Reaction
Sony's public stance on HD Loader is that it is not supported and is illegal (it can enable game piracy by allowing games to be installed, then played later without owning the disc). In October, 2006, Sony filed a $9 million lawsuit against France-based Divineo for Digital Millennium Copyright Act violations for selling PlayStation 2 modchips, along with HD Loader. A clone of the patched version of the official version is being sold as HD Advance, is still being manufactured and can be purchased from many online retailers.
Compatibility
HD Loader is not 100% compatible with all PS2 games. Some incompatibilities exist because game software depends on certain peculiarities of the PS2 drive hardware. Additional incompatibilities arise from the use of dual-layer DVDs in some PS2 games, which are sometimes not parsed properly by HD Loader (incidentally, dual-layer games can only be installed from a PC but as of 0.8c it's possible to install them from HD Loader). Finally, there are intentional impediments introduced by some recent high-profile PS2 titles, such as God of War and Gran Turismo 4, to prevent them from being executed off the hard drive.
In response to the limitations of HD Loader, a number of independent programmers have developed patches which extend the functionality of HD Loader to improve game compatibility or different software entirely (e.g., OpenPS2Loader). These include a fix to improve dual-layer support, one to implement a non-aligned data buffer (which allows Gradius V to be played from the HD), one to defeat newer copy-protection measures (popularly known as the God of War fix), one to support the new "slimline" SCPH-70000 series PlayStation 2 hardware and one to implement 48-bit Logical Block Addressing (which allows HD Loader to take full advantage of hard drives larger than 137 GB; or 128 GiB, as reported by HD Loader) as of 0.7c hard drives of up to 2 Terabytes can be used.
These unofficial patches have been accumulated into the HD Loader release known as 0.8b, The unofficial HD Loader is currently at version 0.8c as of April 2007. Version 0.8c continues support for 48-bit (up to 2 Terabyte hard drives), patches for Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories, Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories and God of War II, 3 more modes and support for installing and running dual layer games directly off the hard drive.
Some games need to be patched in order to be
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makeful
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Makeful is a Canadian pay television channel owned by Blue Ant Media focused on lifestyle programming relating to do-it-yourself projects such as food, design, style, and crafts in connection with maker culture (from which the channel takes its name).
The channel was first launched on March 5, 2005, as BiteTV. Originally airing short-form reality programming, the channel would eventually shift its focus towards comedy programming. By 2013, Bite would begin airing general entertainment programming before ultimately relaunching under its current name on August 24, 2015.
Makeful was available in 8.5 million households, as of 2013. Outside of Canada, the Makeful brand is operated by Rock Entertainment Holdings in Southeast Asia.
History
As BiteTV
In December 2001, Glassbox Television was given approval by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to launch a Category 2 digital specialty channel tentatively called Short TV, a channel described as "devoted entirely to short form films shot on film, video or created with computer animation. Short TV will showcase Canadian and international cutting edge short form films, from 1 to 40 minutes in length." The channel was originally going to launch in April 2005, but instead launched on March 15, 2005, as BiteTV. The channel used the slogan "TV with bite". At launch, Glassbox Television held 100% of the channel.
In May 2006, BiteTV won the Pixel award from the 2006 Canadian New Media Award in the category of Excellence in Cross-Platform. In April 2007, BiteTV won an International Emmy in the category of "Interactive Channel".
On October 1, 2009, an HD feed of Bite was launched. During this time, it was in free preview. In June 2010, the CRTC gave Glassbox Television approval for an amendment to its nature of service, allowing it to de-emphasize its focus on short-form programming; with the amendment, BiteTV's programming would instead of consisting entirely of short-form programming, must "predominantly" feature such programming. The CRTC also granted BiteTV the ability to add sitcoms and feature films, among other programs.
In response to the CRTC decision, on October 22, 2010, BiteTV underwent a format and logo change, focusing entirely on comedy programming, incorporating sitcoms and feature films to its schedule, including additional sketch comedy and stand-up programs.
On February 13, 2013, another brand refresh for Bite was unveiled, with a new logo and graphics.
In 2013, Bite teamed up with Mondo Media and YouTube to create Bite on Mondo, a program in which content creators pitched ideas for new shows. The pitches are funded through Mondo and use YouTube's popularity to decide whether or not they will be picked up. The winning pitches were broadcast on Bite on August 29, 2014. In October 2014, parent company Blue Ant Media, Mondo Media, and Corus Entertainment announced that Teletoon would air a new series featuring shorts from the program. It was expected to pr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WFOR-TV
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WFOR-TV (channel 4) is a television station in Miami, Florida, United States, serving as the market's CBS outlet. It is owned and operated by the network's CBS News and Stations division alongside independent station WBFS-TV (channel 33). Both stations share studios on Northwest 18th Terrace in Doral, while WFOR-TV's transmitter is located in Andover, Florida.
The history of this station begins with the assignment of channel 6 as the fifth very high frequency (VHF) channel for Miami in 1957. However, unlike the previously available channels, channel 6 would need to broadcast from a site further south because it operated on the same frequency as a full-service station in Orlando. After a multiple-year proceeding, the Federal Communications Commission granted a construction permit to Coral Television for WCIX-TV in 1964. Coral's earlier attempts to build the transmitter on one of the upper Florida Keys failed to materialize, and the station began broadcasting in September 1967 from a tower in Homestead. Even though over-the-air reception proved difficult in much of Broward County, WCIX-TV largely thrived as an independent station, and later the market's first Fox affiliate, under General Cinema Corporation and Taft Broadcasting ownership and featured a nightly 10 p.m. newscast.
Taft's 1987 sale of WCIX and five other stations to the TVX Broadcast Group came at the same time NBC purchased long-standing CBS affiliate WTVJ; after CBS failed to finalize a contract with outgoing NBC affiliate WSVN, the network purchased WCIX from TVX in January 1989, with channel 6 becoming the new CBS station in Miami. Because of the weak signal in Broward, CBS induced an affiliation switch in the West Palm Beach market to a station that offered signal coverage in the northern part of the market. CBS also expanded the news department, though it continued to rate in last place among the English-language stations in the market. In the wake of Hurricane Andrew in 1992, the station lost the use of its Homestead tower for nearly two years and set up a charitable organization, now known as Neighbors 4 Neighbors, to promote volunteer efforts in South Florida.
A complicated transaction between CBS and NBC saw WTVJ and WCIX swap transmitter sites and broadcast licenses in September 1995, with WCIX "moving" to channel 4 and becoming WFOR-TV. CBS's 2000 merger into the first iteration of Viacom added then-UPN affiliate WBFS-TV as a sister station. The local news offered by WFOR-TV generally continued to lag in the ratings after the move to channel 4 but has been more competitive since the late 1990s.
WCIX-TV, channel 6
Channel 6 in Miami
In June 1956, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) proposed adding a fifth very high frequency (VHF) channel to Miami: channel 6, in addition to channels 2 (educational), 4, 7, and 10. The proposal met with some puzzlement among Miami television officials. Channel 6 had been assigned to Orlando and was used by WDBO-TV (later WCPX-TV
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports%20Entertainment%20Group
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Sports Entertainment Group (SEG) (formerly Pacific Star Network) is an Australian sports media content and entertainment business. SEG is the owner and parent company of Sports Entertainment Network (SEN).
In December 2014, Pacific Star Network acquired Morrison Media Services, the publisher of Frankie Magazine and Smith Journal. They sold Morrison Media Services to Nextmedia in September 2018.
In January 2018, Pacific Star Network acquired 100 per cent of equity in Crocmedia. In September 2020, Pacific Star Network rebranded Crocmedia as Sports Entertainment Network. Two months later, Pacific Star Network changed its name to Sports Entertainment Group.
Under Pacific Star Network and Crocmedia, the company owned 25 percent of National Basketball League (NBL) team Melbourne United between 2018 and 2021. In July 2021, under chairman Craig Coleman and CEO Craig Hutchison, SEG purchased rival NBL team the Perth Wildcats from previous owner Jack Bendat. In November 2021, SEG's New Zealand subsidiary purchased New Zealand National Basketball League (NZNBL) team the Otago Nuggets. In April 2022, SEN purchased Women's National Basketball League (WNBL) team the Bendigo Spirit.
In September 2023, it was reported that SEG posted a $9.2 million loss in the 2022–23 financial year. The company reportedly asked for covenant relief from the bank in the June quarter.
Assets
BallPark Entertainment
Bravo Management
Precision Sports Entertainment Group
Sports Entertainment Network
AFL Record
6EL
1116 SEN
693 SENQ
SEN SA
SEN Track
Sports Entertainment Network New Zealand (SENZ)
Rainmaker / Rapid TV
References
External links
Companies listed on the Australian Securities Exchange
Australian radio networks
Magazine publishing companies of Australia
Australian companies established in 2001
Publishing companies established in 2001
Mass media in Melbourne
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yearbook%20%28TV%20series%29
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Yearbook was a documentary television series that aired on the Fox Network in 1991. It is one of the earliest examples of a reality series as it chronicled the school and home lives of various students of Glenbard West High School in Glen Ellyn, Illinois, a suburb about 30 miles outside Chicago. The critically acclaimed series was filmed over a six-month period, five days a week by Chicago videographer Ned Miller in the Betacam video format. Inspired to make a "real life" version of John Hughes films, co-executives Lou Gorfain and Chuck Bangert shot a ratio of "150:1", 150 minutes to one minute of usable footage, comparing waiting and observing to capture unscripted moments to "panning for gold".
New Screen Concepts, Inc., a Connecticut-based independent film company chose Glenbard West after considering 100 high schools across the nation to represent a "typical American high school". They began filming in October 1990 with the permission of the administrators, pupils, parents, and school board. The series premiered on prime time, back-to-back with the popular American teen drama series original, Beverly Hills, 90210, to ride a surge in second-season viewership; and aired regularly Saturdays 8:30 pm EST / 7:30 pm CST.
Among the subjects covered include homecoming, teen pregnancy, sports competition, dating, the Iraq War, and personal tragedy.
The premise of the show was repeated in another Fox reality series, American High, which was filmed in 2000 at another suburban Chicago school, Highland Park High School in Highland Park, Illinois.
References
External links
1990s American reality television series
1990s American high school television series
1991 American television series debuts
1991 American television series endings
Fox Broadcasting Company original programming
English-language television shows
Television series about teenagers
Glen Ellyn, Illinois
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FUJIC
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FUJIC was the first electronic digital computer in operation in Japan. It was finished in March 1956, the project having been effectively started in 1949, and was built almost entirely by Dr. Okazaki Bunji. Originally designed to perform calculations for lens design by Fuji, the ultimate goal of FUJIC's construction was to achieve a speed 1,000 times that of human calculation for the same purpose – the actual performance achieved was double that number.
Employing approximately 1,700 vacuum tubes, the computer's word length was 33 bits. It had an ultrasonic mercury delay-line memory of 255 words, with an average access time of 500 microseconds. An addition or subtraction was clocked at 100 microseconds, multiplication at 1,600 microseconds, and division at 2,100 microseconds.
Used extensively for two years at the Fuji factory in Odawara, it was given later to Waseda University before taking up residence in the National Science Museum of Japan in Tokyo.
See also
MUSASINO-1
List of vacuum-tube computers
References
References and external links
FUJIC at the IPSJ Computer Museum
Dr. Okazaki Bunji at the IPSJ Computer Museum
Raúl Rojas and Ulf Hashagen, ed. The First Computers: History and Architectures. 2000, MIT Press, .
One-of-a-kind computers
Vacuum tube computers
Fujifilm
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenocissus%20tricuspidata
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Parthenocissus tricuspidata is a flowering plant in the grape family (Vitaceae) native to eastern Asia in Korea, Japan, and northern and eastern China. Although unrelated to true ivy, it is commonly known as Boston ivy, grape ivy, and Japanese ivy, and also as Japanese creeper, and by the name woodbine (though the latter may refer to a number of different vine species).
Description
It is a deciduous woody vine growing to 30 m tall or more given suitable support, attaching itself by means of numerous small branched tendrils tipped with sticky disks. The leaves are simple, palmately lobed with three lobes, occasionally unlobed or with five lobes, or sufficiently deeply lobed to be palmately compound with (usually) three leaflets; the leaves range from 5 to 22 cm across. The flowers are inconspicuous, greenish, in clusters; the fruit is a small dark blue grape 5–10 mm diameter.
The specific epithet tricuspidata means three-pointed, referring to the leaf shape.
Cultivation and uses
Like the related Virginia creeper, this plant is widely grown as a climbing ornamental plant to cover the façades of masonry buildings. This usage is actually economically important because, by shading walls during the summer, it can significantly reduce cooling costs.
Boston Ivy is readily distinguished from the Virginia creeper by its simple leaves with pointed lobes (Virginia creeper leaves are divided into five separate leaflets).
P. tricuspidata uses adhesive pads to attach to surfaces, allowing it to climb vertically up trees, walls, and other structures. Contact with a surface signals the adhesive pads to secrete mucilage through microscopic pores which dries and creates a robust adhesive bond. The ability of a single adhesive pad to support thousands of times their weight may be explored as a model for new biomimetic materials.
While it does not penetrate the building surface but merely attaches to it, nevertheless surface damage (such as paint scar) can occur from attempting to rip the plant from the wall. However, if the plant is killed first, such as by severing the vine from the root, the adhesive pads will eventually deteriorate to the point where the plant can be easily removed from the wall.
The Japanese ivy is used on the brick outfield walls at Wrigley Field of the Chicago Cubs along with Japanese bittersweet.
Cultivars include 'Veitchii'.
Etymology
Parthenocissus is derived from the Greek terms (; 'maidenly, chaste, virgin') and (; 'vine') and means approximately 'virgin ivy' (hence the common name 'Virginia creeper'). Tricuspidata means approximately 'with three points' comes from the Greek and Latin prefix ('three') and the Latin ('tipped, pointed').
Gallery
References
tricuspidata
Vines
Flora of Japan
Flora of Korea
Flora of China
Garden plants of Asia
Plants described in 1846
Taxa named by Philipp Franz von Siebold
Taxa named by Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20recovery
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In computing, data recovery is a process of retrieving deleted, inaccessible, lost, corrupted, damaged, or formatted data from secondary storage, removable media or files, when the data stored in them cannot be accessed in a usual way. The data is most often salvaged from storage media such as internal or external hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), USB flash drives, magnetic tapes, CDs, DVDs, RAID subsystems, and other electronic devices. Recovery may be required due to physical damage to the storage devices or logical damage to the file system that prevents it from being mounted by the host operating system (OS).
Logical failures occur when the hard drive devices are functional but the user or automated-OS cannot retrieve or access data stored on them. Logical failures can occur due to corruption of the engineering chip, lost partitions, firmware failure, or failures during formatting/re-installation.
Data recovery can be a very simple or technical challenge. This is why there are specific software companies specialized in this field.
About
The most common data recovery scenarios involve an operating system failure, malfunction of a storage device, logical failure of storage devices, accidental damage or deletion, etc. (typically, on a single-drive, single-partition, single-OS system), in which case the ultimate goal is simply to copy all important files from the damaged media to another new drive. This can be accomplished using a Live CD, or DVD by booting directly from a ROM or a USB drive instead of the corrupted drive in question. Many Live CDs or DVDs provide a means to mount the system drive and backup drives or removable media, and to move the files from the system drive to the backup media with a file manager or optical disc authoring software. Such cases can often be mitigated by disk partitioning and consistently storing valuable data files (or copies of them) on a different partition from the replaceable OS system files.
Another scenario involves a drive-level failure, such as a compromised file system or drive partition, or a hard disk drive failure. In any of these cases, the data is not easily read from the media devices. Depending on the situation, solutions involve repairing the logical file system, partition table, or master boot record, or updating the firmware or drive recovery techniques ranging from software-based recovery of corrupted data, to hardware- and software-based recovery of damaged service areas (also known as the hard disk drive's "firmware"), to hardware replacement on a physically damaged drive which allows for the extraction of data to a new drive. If a drive recovery is necessary, the drive itself has typically failed permanently, and the focus is rather on a one-time recovery, salvaging whatever data can be read.
In a third scenario, files have been accidentally "deleted" from a storage medium by the users. Typically, the contents of deleted files are not removed immediately from the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicity%20%28software%29
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Multiplicity is a computer program that enables one keyboard and mouse to access two or more client computers from a host computer. It was developed for Stardock as part of their ThinkDesk subscription service, but is available separately.
Operation and features
Multiplicity is unlike remote desktop applications in that instead of opening windows to a client computer on a host computer’s desktop, the mouse pointer and keyboard focus shifts from one computer to another. It is closer in concept to a KVM switch, but while these have multiple cables to each computer, with Multiplicity the keyboard and mouse remain connected to the host computer and input is forwarded from the host to client machines via network connections — typically over TCP/IP port 30564. Each computer uses its own display. Switching is triggered by movement of the mouse to the appropriate side of the screen (or keyboard shortcuts, if desired), both from the desktop and in full-screen video modes.
Multiplicity comes in two versions; the standard Multiplicity has the ability to copy and paste images and text between computers, while Multiplicity Pro can control up to nine client computers and can copy files, folders, and other data between machines.
Supported platforms as of 2016 are Windows 10, 8, 7 and Vista; Windows XP (32-bit only); and Windows Server 2003 / 2003 R2, 2008 / 2008 R2, 2012 / 2012 R2.
Multiplicity can emulate the capability of the KVM switch and let one display serve all the connected computers. The modern alternative would be the combination of an HDMI switch and a USB switch (aka a KVM), but the software-hardware comparison remains equally valid.
Multiplicity does not permit combining computers with different operating systems, like macOS and Linux.
Alternatives
x2x – Software for the X Window System that allows the console (keyboard and mouse) on one X terminal to be used to control another X terminal. It also provides ancillary functions like clipboard sharing. Developed in 1996 by David Chaiken at DEC.
Synergy – A free software option that allows users to use a single keyboard and mouse to control multiple computers over TCP/IP. It is multiplatform (supporting Windows, macOS, Linux, and others), and supports text copy and paste. More capable version of ShareMouse, and made by the same company.
Mouse without Borders - This is a Garage product from Microsoft that allows a single keyboard and mouse to operate up to four different computers.
Barrier – A Creative Commons fork of Synergy's 1.9 branch.
ShareMouse – A cross-platform Windows and Apple macOS option allowing users to control any networked computer from the mouse and keyboard of any other computer. ShareMouse does not require any manual configuration and works in any direction. ShareMouse is also available as a portable application.
Any remote desktop software that runs on the X Window System, together with a suitable window manager, can achieve the same effect, though not as efficiently. This d
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inspur
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Inspur, whose full name is Inspur Group (Chinese: 浪潮集团; pinyin: Làngcháo Jítuán), is an information technology conglomerate in mainland China focusing on cloud computing, big data, key application hosts, servers, storage, artificial intelligence and ERP. On April 18, 2006, Inspur changed its English name from Langchao to Inspur. It is listed on the SSE, SZSE, and SEHK.
History
In 2005, Microsoft invested US$20 million in the company. Inspur announced several agreements with virtualization software developer VMware on research and development of cloud computing technologies and related products. In 2009, Inspur acquired the Xi'an-based research and development facilities of Qimonda AG for 30 million Chinese yuan (around US$4 million). The centre had been responsible for design and development of Qimonda's DRAM products.
In 2011, Shandong Inspur Software Co., Ltd., Inspur Electronic Information Co., Ltd. and Inspur (Shandong) Electronic Information Company, established a cloud computing joint venture, with each holding a third.
U.S. sanctions
In June 2020, the United States Department of Defense published a list of Chinese companies operating in the U.S. that have ties to the People's Liberation Army, which included Inspur. In November 2020, Donald Trump issued an executive order prohibiting any American company or individual from owning shares in companies that the U.S. Department of Defense has listed as having links to the People's Liberation Army.
In March 2023, the United States Department of Commerce added Inspur to the Bureau of Industry and Security's Entity List.
References
External links
Chinese brands
Companies based in Jinan
Companies established in 2000
Computer hardware companies
Multinational companies headquartered in China
Software companies of China
Defence companies of the People's Republic of China
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Zealand%20Ecological%20Restoration%20Network
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New Zealand Ecological Restoration Network (NZERN) is an environmental organisation dedicated to protecting and restoring the biodiversity of New Zealand.
References
Environmental organisations based in New Zealand
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy%20Wigginton
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Randy Wigginton was Apple Computer's sixth employee, creator of MacWrite, Full Impact, and numerous other Mac applications. He used to work in development at eBay, Quigo, Inc and Move.com. In November 2010, he left his position as a "site reliability engineer" at Google Inc., purportedly after leaking news of a $1,000 holiday cash bonus to employees.
Early life
Wigginton was a student at Bellarmine College Preparatory in San Jose, California, interested in computers just as the earliest microprocessor-based computers were being assembled by hobbyists. Around the age of 14, he had heard about the Homebrew Computer Club, but had no way to get there until he started getting rides with another club member, Steve Wozniak, who lived down the street from Wigginton's family home. The two became friends, and Wigginton became one of Apple's earliest employees in 1976, and was present with Wozniak when the Apple I was first presented to the world at a Club meeting.
Career
Wigginton collaborated with Wozniak on the circuit design and ROM software for the Apple II in 1977. As Wozniak wired up color graphics circuitry, Wigginton wrote machine language graphics subroutines, and Chris Espinosa, another high school student, wrote demo programs in BASIC. Wigginton wrote several early programs for the Apple II, including a checkbook-balancing program co-authored with Apple's vice-president of Marketing Mike Markkula. Wigginton was one of the Apple employees who adapted Microsoft's 6502 BASIC for the Apple II; it was dubbed Applesoft BASIC. The Applesoft BASIC Reference Manual includes a section entitled "Rounding can be Curious", in which it is documented that the ROUND function, which rounds a number to a prescribed accuracy, is not monotonic: in other words, for some x and y, such that x<y, ROUND(x)> ROUND(y). (The problematic ROUND function does not appear in Applesoft II, the version that most Apple II users are familiar with.)
Perhaps his most critical early contribution was the RWTS (read/write track-sector) routines for the Disk II, the 5" floppy disk controller introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) show in early 1978. Wigginton and Wozniak wrote the final version of the software in Wozniak's hotel room on the eve of the show.
In 1979, Apple President Mike Scott asked Wozniak to write a secret competitor to VisiCalc, to use as leverage against Personal Software. Wozniak was reluctant because he was unsure whether creating a rival spreadsheet software would be copyright infringement, so Scott ordered Wigginton to do so. With help from Wozniak and Gull Banks, Wigginton developed The Spreadsheet, codenamed "Mystery House". He later claimed that it "became the most incredibly intense political football you can imagine ... the product was completed and had manuals when Apple decided not to sell it". Call-A.P.P.L.E. in 1982 briefly distributed it before Apple withdrew permission, making The Spreadsheet a cult classic because of the rarity and Wo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gri%20graphical%20language
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Gri is a programming language for creating scientific graphics. It is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
Some users consider Gri similar to LaTeX, since both provide extensive power as a reward for tolerating a learning curve.
Gri can make x-y graphs, contour graphs, and image graphs, outputting the results in PostScript format. Control is provided over all aspects of drawing, e.g. line widths, colors, and fonts. A limited TeX-like syntax provides common mathematical symbols.
An example Gri program:
open file.dat
read columns x y
draw curve
See also
gnuplot
References
External links
Gri homepage at Sourceforge
Article on Gri in LinuxJournal magazine, July 2000
Plotting software
Earth sciences graphics software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasch%20model
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The Rasch model, named after Georg Rasch, is a psychometric model for analyzing categorical data, such as answers to questions on a reading assessment or questionnaire responses, as a function of the trade-off between the respondent's abilities, attitudes, or personality traits, and the item difficulty. For example, they may be used to estimate a student's reading ability or the extremity of a person's attitude to capital punishment from responses on a questionnaire. In addition to psychometrics and educational research, the Rasch model and its extensions are used in other areas, including the health profession, agriculture, and market research.
The mathematical theory underlying Rasch models is a special case of item response theory. However, there are important differences in the interpretation of the model parameters and its philosophical implications that separate proponents of the Rasch model from the item response modeling tradition. A central aspect of this divide relates to the role of specific objectivity, a defining property of the Rasch model according to Georg Rasch, as a requirement for successful measurement.
Overview
The Rasch model for measurement
In the Rasch model, the probability of a specified response (e.g. right/wrong answer) is modeled as a function of person and item parameters. Specifically, in the original Rasch model, the probability of a correct response is modeled as a logistic function of the difference between the person and item parameter. The mathematical form of the model is provided later in this article. In most contexts, the parameters of the model characterize the proficiency of the respondents and the difficulty of the items as locations on a continuous latent variable. For example, in educational tests, item parameters represent the difficulty of items while person parameters represent the ability or attainment level of people who are assessed. The higher a person's ability relative to the difficulty of an item, the higher the probability of a correct response on that item. When a person's location on the latent trait is equal to the difficulty of the item, there is by definition a 0.5 probability of a correct response in the Rasch model.
A Rasch model is a model in one sense in that it represents the structure which data should exhibit in order to obtain measurements from the data; i.e. it provides a criterion for successful measurement. Beyond data, Rasch's equations model relationships we expect to obtain in the real world. For instance, education is intended to prepare children for the entire range of challenges they will face in life, and not just those that appear in textbooks or on tests. By requiring measures to remain the same (invariant) across different tests measuring the same thing, Rasch models make it possible to test the hypothesis that the particular challenges posed in a curriculum and on a test coherently represent the infinite population of all possible challenges in that domain. A
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softalk
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Softalk () was an American magazine of the early 1980s that focused on the Apple II computer. Published from September 1980 through August 1984, it featured articles about hardware and software associated with the Apple II platform and the people and companies who made them. The name was originally used on a newsletter of Apple Software pioneer company, Softape, who in 1980 changed its name to Artsci Inc.
The startup capital for Softalk came from Margot Comstock, who had won on the television game show Password, along with a generous contribution after a few months from John Haller and from Comstock and Al Tommervik's second mortgage on their house. Partners William V R Smith III, William Depew contributed early office space in their Softape storeroom and arrived unexpectedly with office desks when Softalk moved into its own location.
Unlike other computer magazines that generally focused on a specific, narrow subject matter or market segment (e.g., business applications, games, or professional programming), Softalk gave broad coverage to all parts of the Apple world of the time, from programming tips to game playing, from business to home use, including computing as an industry, a hobby, a tool, a toy, and a culture. On occasion it even ran fiction.
Another characteristic of the magazine was a playful, insider-like voice. The experts in those early days chatted in their own relaxed language about the techniques and elements of their world. Bert Kersey, Beagle Bros, was one columnist; as were Doug Carlston, co-founder of Broderbund software; Mark Pelczarski, founder of Penguin Software; Bill Budge, creator of Pinball Construction Set; and Bill Depew, creator of Apple 21 and Magic Window.
A regular feature was a monthly chart of the most popular software in various categories, which was the Apple community's equivalent of the Billboard charts for pop music. Unlike most such bestseller lists, which report shipment from warehouses, not sales, Softalk'''s bestseller numbers were drawn from polling retail sales in computer stores throughout the world. There were also contests encouraging the participation of readers. Originally, Softalk was sent free to all registered Apple owners, but later it required paid subscription after one free year. Softalk underwent rapid expansion in its early history, with issues getting very thick (largely from advertising), but an industry slump in 1984 caught Softalk with too much unrealized revenues against heavy printing costs, which overtaxed its undercapitalized status. Rather than take the desperate path of erratic publication, the Softalk board chose to cease publication. In its 48 influential months, the original Softalk readership grew from 30,000 names loaned by Apple Computer Inc. to 250,000 readers. In its third and fourth years, Softalk achieved a place on the Folio 400 list of the nation's largest magazines.
Related publications
When the IBM PC came on the market, Softalk Publishing started "'Softalk
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid%20view
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A grid view or a datagrid is a graphical control element that presents a tabular view of data. A typical grid view also supports some or all of the following:
Clicking a column header to change the sort order of the grid
Dragging column headers to change their size and their order
In-place editing of viewed data
Row and column separators, and alternating row background colors
An interactive live demo example of this type of widget can be seen here .
Some widget toolkits, these are libraries containing a collection of equally designed graphical control elements, distinguish between a grid and a datagrid. If this is the case, the term datagrid refers specifically to a graphical control element that can be linked to a database with little or no effort from the part of a programmer.
They are commonly used to display lists of files, such as the "Details" view in Windows XP file managers.
Grid views are sometimes referred to as spreadsheet widgets (or spreadsheet controls, with control being a common synonym for widget). This is due to grid views' visual and sometimes behavioral similarity to spreadsheet applications. However, though many grid views support editing of underlying data, they cannot be used for arbitrary calculations. Spreadsheet widgets occur frequently in scientific applications such as PSPP or SPSS.
Tutorials
Interactive Grid with Your Own Hands- an article by Dmitry Sheiko
Practice of grid view using within content management
Move Over DataGrid There's a New Grid in Town
References
Graphical control elements
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UCLA%20Phonological%20Segment%20Inventory%20Database
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The UCLA Phonological Segment Inventory Database (or UPSID) is a statistical survey of the phoneme inventories in 451 of the world's languages. The database was created by American phonetician Ian Maddieson for the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1984 and has been updated several times.
Bibliography
Maddieson, Ian. (1984). Patterns of sounds. Cambridge studies in speech science and communication. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
External links
Simple interface to UPSID, including the list of languages and searches by selected criteria
Info on obtaining UPSID information from UCLA
Phonology
Works on linguistic typology
1984 establishments in California
Scientific databases
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California%20Dreaming%20%28TV%20series%29
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California Dreaming is a British reality television series, broadcast on Channel 4's T4 Saturday morning programming block, that followed six British celebrities seeking success in Hollywood. They lived in a Hollywood mansion and were trained by doing challenges set by 'Acting Guro' Bernard Hillier. The programme's title came from the song "California Dreamin'" by The Mamas & the Papas.
Contestants
The celebrities that took part in the series were:
Jodi Albert (actress)
Anouska de Georgiou (actress)
Ewen Macintosh (played Keith in The Office)
Ashley Mulheron (television presenter)
Giles Vickers-Jones (model and presenter)
External links
California Dreaming at Channel4.com
Channel 4 original programming
2005 British television series debuts
2005 British television series endings
2000s British reality television series
English-language television shows
Television shows set in Los Angeles
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uma%20Pemmaraju
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Uma Devi Pemmaraju (31 March 1958 – 8 August 2022) was an Indian-American journalist and television anchor. She was one of the original hosts on the Fox News cable network at their 1996 premiere. Pemmaraju, who was born in India and raised in San Antonio, Texas, was a host/anchor of "America's News Headquarters w/Uma Pemmaraju" for the Fox News in New York. She also reported for Bloomberg News.
Early life
Pemmaraju was born in Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India, and grew up in San Antonio, Texas, United States. She graduated from Trinity University in Texas with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science.
Career
Pemmaraju's early television career started in her home state of Texas at KENS-TV and the San Antonio Express-News newspaper as a producer and reporter while keeping a full-time load in college at Trinity University. She also served as the editor of her college newspaper. She next moved to KTVT-11 in Dallas, as a news anchor and correspondent and then to WMAR-TV in Baltimore where she won an Emmy. From Baltimore, she went to WLVI and WBZ-TV in Boston where she was a correspondent and a tipster/producer for WBZ's Evening Magazine.
Pemmaraju was part of the original Fox News team when the network launched in October 1996. She has hosted many different news shows on the network and has hosted a number of specials. She has interviewed high-profile newsmakers from the Dalai Lama to astronaut Buzz Aldrin, Joel Osteen, Carly Simon, Donald Trump, Whoopi Goldberg, Sarah Palin, along with a host of senators and congressional leaders from D.C. In addition to being coined as "Boston's Best Anchor" in 1996 and 1997 by Boston magazine, Pemmaraju has received numerous Emmy awards for her reporting and investigative journalism. Other honors throughout her career include: the Texas AP Award for reporting, The Woman of Achievement Award from the Big Sisters Organization of America and the Matrix Award from Women in Communications. She also attended American University studying international relations for one year as part of an exchange program with Trinity.
Death
Pemmaraju died on 8 August 2022, at her home in Ossining, New York. A cause of death was not released.
References
External links
1958 births
2022 deaths
Indian emigrants to the United States
American Hindus
Harvard Kennedy School staff
Television anchors from Boston
Journalists from San Antonio
Fox News people
People from Rajahmundry
American writers of Indian descent
Journalists from Andhra Pradesh
Trinity University (Texas) alumni
African-American women journalists
Television anchors from Baltimore
American women television journalists
21st-century American women
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitachi%20Flora%20Prius
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The Hitachi Flora Prius was a range of personal computers marketed in Japan by Hitachi, Ltd. during the late 1990s.
The Flora Prius was preinstalled with both Microsoft Windows 98 as well as BeOS. It did not, however, have a dual-boot option as Microsoft reminded Hitachi of the terms of the Windows OEM license. In effect, two thirds of the hard drive was hidden from the end-user, and a series of complicated manipulations was necessary to activate the BeOS partition.
Models
FLORA Prius 330J came in three models:
330N40JB: Base version with no LCD Screen
3304ST40JB: Included a 14.1-inch super TFT color LCD Display
3304ST40JBT: Included a 14.1-inch super TFT color LCD Display and WinTV Video capture board
Base specifications
CPU: Pentium II processor (400 MHz)
RAM: 64 MB SDRAM
Hard Drive: 6.4 GB (2 GB for Windows 98 and 4.6 GB for BeOS)
CD-ROM Drive: 24X speed max.
100BASE-TX/10BASE-10
References
Hitachi products
BeOS
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky%20Educational%20Television
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Kentucky Educational Television (KET) is a state network of PBS member television stations serving the U.S. Commonwealth of Kentucky. It is operated by the Kentucky Authority for Educational Television, an agency of the Kentucky state government, which provides more than half of its annual funding. KET is the dominant public broadcaster in the commonwealth, with transmitters covering the vast majority of the state as well as parts of adjacent states; the only other PBS member in Kentucky is WKYU-TV (channel 24) in Bowling Green. KET is the largest PBS state network in the United States; the broadcast signals of its sixteen stations cover almost all of the state, as well as parts of Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Ohio, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia. The network's offices, network center and primary studio facilities are located at the O. Leonard Press Telecommunications Center on Cooper Drive in Lexington; KET also has production centers in Louisville and at the Kentucky State Capitol Annex in Frankfort.
The plan for a statewide educational broadcaster was first conceived in 1959 by O. Leonard Press, who served as the founding director for the Kentucky Authority for Educational Television when it was established in 1962 and remained with KET for three decades. Broadcasting began on September 23, 1968, and the network grew into a force in educational, cultural, and public affairs broadcasting in the state. Some of its educational programs, such as distance learning and adult education, attracted national interest. In 1997, KET took over WKPC-TV, which had formerly been a separate public television station in Louisville; in the years that followed, KET became the first digital broadcaster in Kentucky. In addition to offering national programming from PBS and American Public Television, KET produces programs on Kentucky public affairs and culture as well as educational content. One of its four channels is the Kentucky Channel, which covers the Kentucky General Assembly.
History
Creation of the network
Interest in educational television in Kentucky existed but was later compared to some other states. In 1953, an educational figure in Louisville told Bill Ladd of The Courier Journal, "I just hope that Arkansas, Mississippi, and Tennessee don't get so far ahead of us that we can't ever catch up. I hope that Kentucky doesn't start off 48th in educational television." While Jefferson County, home to Louisville, began the process to build what became WFPK-TV (now WKPC-TV) on channel 15 in 1957, and the station signed on the next year, the impetus for what became KET came on July 22, 1959, when O. Leonard Press, the director of the radio department at the University of Kentucky (UK)—owner of educational radio station WBKY, on air since 1940—proposed a statewide educational television network that would include studios at the university, interconnection with other universities, and a transmitter system to deliver educational programs to schools. Thi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBN
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EBN may refer to:
East by north
Eastbourne railway station, a railway station in Sussex, England
Edible bird's nest
Emergency Broadcast Network, an American multimedia performance group
Energie Beheer Nederland, a Dutch natural gas company
European Business News, now CNBC Europe, a television channel
Evidence-Based Nursing
Evidence-Based Nursing (journal)
Stephan Ebn (born 1978), German musician
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-use%20survey
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A time-use survey is a statistical survey which aims to report data on how, on average, people spend their time.
Objectives
The objective of the Time-Use survey is to identify, classify and quantify the main types of activity that people engage in during a definitive time period, e.g. a year, a month, etc. Many surveys are used for calculation of unpaid work done by women as well as men in particular locality.
See also
American Time Use Survey
Productive and unproductive labour
Value added
Metropolitan Travel Survey Archive
References
Origin of Time Use surveys
British ESRC Time Use programme
Japanese info #2
Info from Germany and some other countries
United States info #2
British info #2
Info from Statistics New Zealand
Canadian info #2
United Nations, Guide to Producing Statistics on Time-use Measuring Paid and Unpaid Work. New York: United Nations, 2005.
Survey methodology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft%20Research
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Microsoft Research (MSR) is the research subsidiary of Microsoft. It was created in 1991 by Richard Rashid, Bill Gates and Nathan Myhrvold with the intent to advance state-of-the-art computing and solve difficult world problems through technological innovation in collaboration with academic, government, and industry researchers. The Microsoft Research team has more than 1,000 computer scientists, physicists, engineers, and mathematicians, including Turing Award winners, Fields Medal winners, MacArthur Fellows, and Dijkstra Prize winners.
Between 2010 and 2018, 154,000 AI patents were filed worldwide, with Microsoft having by far the largest percentage of those patents, at 20%. According to estimates in trade publications, Microsoft spent about $6 billion annually in research initiatives from 2002 to 2010 and has spent from $10–14 billion annually since 2010.
Microsoft Research has made significant advances in the field of AI which it has infused in its products including Kinect, Bing, Holo Lens, Cortana, Microsoft Translator, Linkedin, Havok and Dynamics to provide its customers with more benefits and better service.
The mission statement of MSR is:
Expand the state of the art in each of the areas in which we do research
Rapidly transfer innovative technologies into Microsoft products
Ensure that Microsoft products have a future
Key people
Microsoft Research includes the core Microsoft Research labs and Microsoft Research AI, Microsoft Research NExT (for New Experiences and Technologies), and other incubation efforts all directed by corporate vice president Peter Lee.
Research areas
Microsoft research is categorized into the following broad areas:
Microsoft Research sponsors the Microsoft Research Fellowship for graduate students.
Research laboratories
Microsoft has research labs around the world including the following non-exhaustive list:
Microsoft Research Redmond was founded on the Microsoft Redmond campus in 1991. It has about 350 researchers and is headed by Donald Kossmann. The bulk of research on the Redmond, Washington campus focuses on areas such as theory, artificial intelligence, machine learning, systems and networking, security, privacy, human–computer interaction, and wearable technologies.
Microsoft Research Cambridge was founded in the United Kingdom in 1997 by Roger Needham and is headed by Christopher Bishop. Antony Rowstron and Abigail Sellen are Deputy Directors. The lab conducts research on topics including machine learning, security and information retrieval, and maintains close ties to the University of Cambridge and the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory.
Microsoft Research Asia (MSRA) was founded in Beijing in November 1998. It has expanded rapidly and now has more than 300 researchers and developers, along with approximately 300 visiting scientists and students (including its new satellite office in Shanghai). Its focus includes natural user interfaces, multimedia, data-intensive computing, sea
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stable%20storage
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Stable storage is a classification of computer data storage technology that guarantees atomicity for any given write operation and allows software to be written that is robust against some hardware and power failures. To be considered atomic, upon reading back a just written-to portion of the disk, the storage subsystem must return either the write data or the data that was on that portion of the disk before the write operations.
Most computer disk drives are not considered stable storage because they do not guarantee atomic write; an error could be returned upon subsequent read of the disk where it was just written to in lieu of either the new or prior data.
Implementation
Multiple techniques have been developed to achieve the atomic property from weakly atomic devices such as disks. Writing data to a disk in two places in a specific way is one technique and can be done by application software.
Most often though, stable storage functionality is achieved by mirroring data on separate disks via RAID technology (level 1 or greater). The RAID controller implements the disk writing algorithms that enable separate disks to act as stable storage.
The RAID technique is robust against some single disk failure in an array of disks whereas the software technique of writing to separate areas of the same disk only protects against some kinds of internal disk media failures such as bad sectors in single disk arrangements.
Computer data storage
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon%20monoxide%20%28data%20page%29
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This page provides supplementary chemical data on carbon monoxide.
Material safety data sheet
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommended that you seek the material safety data sheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI, and follow its directions.
MSDS from Advanced Gas Technologies in the SDSdata.org database
Structure and properties
Thermodynamic properties
Spectral data
References
Chemical data pages
Carbon monoxide
Chemical data pages cleanup
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellomics
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Cellomics is the discipline of quantitative cell analysis using bioimaging methods and informatics with a workflow involving three major components: image acquisition, image analysis, and data visualization and management. These processes are generally automated. All three of these components depend on sophisticated software to acquire qualitative data, quantitative data, and the management of both images and data, respectively. Cellomics is also a trademarked term, which is often used interchangeably with high-content analysis (HCA) or high-content screening (HCS), but cellomics extends beyond HCA/HCS by incorporating sophisticated informatics tools.
History
HCS and the discipline of cellomics was pioneered by a once privately held company named Cellomics Inc., which commercialized instruments, software, and reagents to facilitate the study of cells in culture, and more specifically, their responses to potentially therapeutic drug-like molecules. In 2005, Cellomics was acquired by Fisher Scientific International, Inc., now Thermo Fisher Scientific, which continues developing cellomics-centered products under its Thermo Scientific™ high content analysis product line.
Applications
Like many of the -omics, e.g., genomics and proteomics, applications have grown in depth and breadth over time. Currently there are over 40 different application areas that cellomics is used in, including the analysis of 3-D cell models, angiogenesis, and cell-signalling. Originally a tool used by the pharmaceutical industry for screening, cellomics has now expanded into academia to better understand cell function in the context of the cell. Cellomics is used in both academic and industrial life-science research in areas, such as cancer research, neuroscience research, drug discovery, consumer products safety, and toxicology; however, there are many more areas for which cellomics could provide a much deeper understanding of cellular function.
Image analysis
With HCA at its core, cellomics incorporates the flexibility of fluorescence microscopy, the automation and capacity of the plate reader, and flow cytometry’s multi-parametric analysis in order to extract data from single-cells or from a population of cells.
Once an image is acquired using high content technology hardware, cell data is extracted from that image using image analysis software. Single cell data or population data may be of interest, but for both, a series of steps is followed with varying degrees of user interaction depending on the application and the software being used. The first step is segmenting the cells in the image which provides the software algorithms with the information it needs for downstream processing of individual cell measurements. Next, a user must define the area(s) of interest based on a multitude of parameters, i.e., the area a user wants to measure. After the area of interest has been defined, measurements are collected. The measurements, oftentimes referred to as featur
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eckert%E2%80%93Mauchly%20Computer%20Corporation
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The Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation (EMCC) (March 1946 – 1950) was founded by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly. It was incorporated on December 22, 1947. After building the ENIAC at the University of Pennsylvania, Eckert and Mauchly formed EMCC to build new computer designs for commercial and military applications. The company was initially called the Electronic Control Company, changing its name to Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation when it was incorporated. In 1950, the company was sold to Remington Rand, which later merged with Sperry Corporation to become Sperry Rand, and survives today as Unisys.
Founding
Before founding Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation, Mauchly researched the computing needs of potential clients. Over a period of six months in 1944 he prepared memos and kept detailed notes of his conversations. For instance, Mauchly met with United States Census Bureau official William Madow to discuss the computing equipment they desired. The Census Bureau was particularly keen on reducing the number of punch cards it had to manage with each census. This meeting led to Madow making a trip to see ENIAC in person. Mauchly also met with Lt. Colonel Solomon Kullback, an official at the Army Signal Corps, to discuss codes and ciphers. Kullback said there was a need for many "faster and more flexible" computers at his agency. Mauchly responded by carefully analyzing EDVAC's potential encryption and decryption abilities. Eckert and Mauchly thus believed there was strong government demand for their future products.
By the spring of 1946, Eckert and Mauchly had procured a U.S. Army contract for the University of Pennsylvania and were already designing the EDVAC the successor machine to the ENIAC at the university's Moore School of Electrical Engineering. However, new university policies that would have forced Eckert and Mauchly to sign over intellectual property rights for their inventions led to their resignation, which caused a lengthy delay in the EDVAC design efforts. After seeking to join IBM and John von Neumann's team at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, they decided to start their own company in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
UNIVAC
Mauchly persuaded the United States Census Bureau to order an "EDVAC II" computer a model that was soon renamed UNIVAC receiving a contract in 1948 that called for having the machine ready for the 1950 census. Eckert hired a staff that included a number of the engineers from the Moore School, and the company launched an ambitious program to design and manufacture large-scale computing machines. A major achievement was the use of magnetic tape for high-speed storage. During development Mauchly continued to solicit new customers and started a software department. They developed applications, starting with the world's first compiler for the language Short Code. The core group of programmers were also hired from the Moore School: Kathleen McNulty, Betty Holberton, Grace Ho
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WISC-TV
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WISC-TV (channel 3) is a television station in Madison, Wisconsin, United States, affiliated with CBS and MyNetworkTV. It is the flagship television property of locally based Morgan Murphy Media, which has owned the station since its inception. WISC-TV's studios are located on Raymond Road in Madison, and its transmitter is located on South Pleasant View Road in Madison's Junction Ridge neighborhood.
History
WISC-TV first took to the airwaves on June 24, 1956, taking over Madison's CBS affiliation from WKOW-TV (which retained ABC affiliation). It was originally a sister station to WISC radio (1480 AM, now WLMV at 1480 and WOZN at 1670 AM).
Despite being the state's second largest market, Madison was a "doughnut" market as it was sandwiched between other markets where primary VHF signals were already assigned–Milwaukee (channels 4, 6, 10, and 12) to the east, Wausau/Rhinelander (channels 7, 9, and 12) and Green Bay (channels 2, 5, and 11) to the north, Chicago (channels 2, 5, 7, 9, and 11) to the southeast, Rockford (channel 13) to the south, and La Crosse/Eau Claire (channels 8 and 13) to the west. Having the market's only VHF signal gave channel 3 a distinct advantage—and market leadership—over UHF competitors WKOW and WMTV, a position that the station has enjoyed for much of its history, even after the advent of cable television put the competitors on equal footing. (WISC's former slogan, "Wisconsin's Leadership Station," played upon that advantage.)
WISC-TV has been affiliated with CBS since its launch, though it was also briefly affiliated with the NTA Film Network during the late 1950s. In January 1995, WISC-TV began maintaining a secondary affiliation with UPN, carrying tape-delayed overnight airings of the network's prime time programming following CBS's late-night lineup; this arrangement ended in July 1999, when Media Properties Inc. signed on Janesville-licensed WHPN-TV (channel 57, now Ion Television affiliate WIFS) as Madison's first full-time UPN outlet. (WISC would resume its relationship with UPN in 2002 through its cable/digital subchannel, TVW; see below.)
In 1998, WISC-TV partnered with Internet Broadcasting Systems to become the first TV station in the region, and one of the first in the country, to have a dedicated news website, Channel 3000.
WISC-TV commemorated its 50th anniversary in June 2006, which merited a congratulatory mention by David Letterman on his Late Show broadcast of June 22, 2006 (its first program, he quipped, was Good Morning, Cheddar).
After CBS' airing of Super Bowl LIII, WISC-TV debuted a new newscast set, dropped the "3" logo in use since 1990, and changed their News 3 branding to News 3 Now.
TVW (WISC-DT2)
WISC-DT2, branded as "TVW", is the MyNetworkTV-affiliated second digital subchannel of WISC-TV. Over the air, it broadcasts in 720p high definition on channel 3.2.
History
The channel launched on January 1, 1996, as WiSC2, a primarily cable-only general entertainment sister channel of WISC
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilet%20circuit
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The toilet circuit is the network of small music venues in the United Kingdom which rising indie, rock and metal bands often visit to gain support and promote themselves. The name may refer to the size and often the cleanliness of the venue, or a lack of dressing rooms leading to the band being required to change in the toilets.
Most of Britain's large towns and cities are home to at least one toilet circuit venue, although a regular toilet circuit tour is only around 20 dates long at the most, meaning not all of the said venues are present in all toilet-circuit tours. Some of the largest cities, however, such as London, Manchester, Glasgow and Nottingham, appear on almost every tour, and these cities accordingly have many venues which could be described as "toilet venues". The circuit is mentioned in the Muse song "Muscle Museum" – "I have played in every toilet." Frank Turner also references it in the song "I Still Believe", as "toilet circuit touring stops".
The 21st century saw the closure of several well-known toilet circuit venues, with many more under threat. In London, for example, 40% of the city's live music venues were said to have closed in the decade to 2016. This trend increased after the passing of the Live Music Act 2012, which allowed any venue with under 200 capacity to hold live music without a licence, and has been cited as a major factor in the decline of paid-entry live music events.
Rock Sound TV has used the "Toilet Circuit" moniker to film a series of acoustic performances filmed in the grimiest locations at music venues across the UK, featuring bands such as The Blackout, Thrice, Futures, Lights, Vessels and Deaf Havana.
Notable toilet circuit venues
Buzz Club, Aldershot (1985-1993)
Moles, Bath
Esquires, Bedford (opened 1990)
The Fleece, Bristol
Clwb Ifor Bach, Cardiff
The Victoria Inn, Derby
King Tut's Wah Wah Hut, Glasgow (opened 1990)
The Square, Harlow (closed 2016)
The New Adelphi Club, Hull (opened 1984)
The Cockpit, Leeds (opened 1994, closed 2014)
The Duchess of York, Leeds
The Charlotte, Leicester (closed 2010)
The Zanzibar, Liverpool
The Barfly, Camden Town, London (opened 1996)
Dublin Castle, Camden, London
The Bull and Gate, London
The Roadhouse, Manchester (closed 2015)
TJ's, Newport (reopened 2018 as El Siecco's)
The Waterfront, Norwich
Rock City, Nottingham (opened 1980)
Jericho Tavern, Oxford
The Zodiac, Oxford (became O2 Academy Oxford in 2007)
The Wedgewood Rooms, Portsmouth
The Boardwalk, Sheffield (opened 1960s, closed 2010)
The Leadmill, Sheffield (opened 1980)
The Sugarmill, Stoke-on-Trent (opened 1995)
Joiners Arms, Southampton
The Forum, Tunbridge Wells (opened 1993)
Fibbers, York
References
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/If%20then
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If then may refer to:
if-then, a construct in computer programming
If/Then, a 2014 musical
"If/Then", an episode in season 8 of Grey's Anatomy
See also
"If-Then-Else", an episode of Person of Interest
If Then Else, a 2000 album by The Gathering
Conditional (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated%20access%20device
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An Integrated Access Device (or IAD) is a customer premises device that provides access to wide area networks and the Internet. Specifically, it aggregates multiple channels of information including voice and data across a single shared access link to a carrier or service provider PoP (Point of Presence). The access link may be a T1 line, a DSL connection, a cable (CATV) network, a broadband wireless link, or a metro-Ethernet connection.
At the PoP, the customer's aggregated information is typically directed into an Add-drop multiplexer or an MSPP (multiservice provisioning platform), which are complex and expensive devices that sit between customers and the core network. They manage traffic streams coming from customers and forward those streams to the PSTN (voice) or appropriate wide area networks (ATM, Frame Relay, or the Internet).
An IAD is sometimes installed by the service provider to which a customer wishes to connect. This allows the service provider to control the features of the access link and manage its operation during use. Competitive service providers are now offering access services over a variety of access technologies, including wireless optical (i.e., Terabeam) and metro-Ethernet networks. Old telco protocols and transport methods (T1 lines and time-division multiplexing) are replaced with access methods that are appropriate for the underlying transport. Because of this, the provider will usually specify an appropriate IAD or install an IAD.
SIAD will aggregate its IP data traffic and GSM ATM traffic at the cellsite passing it along to the multi-service routers sitting in front of mobile switching center (MSC).
It will aggregate the cell site traffic and forward to the MSN.
There are other cost saving benefits of moving to an IAD since a Primary Rate Interface which is typically required for (PBX) equipment requires 23 voice (bearer) channels and 1 signaling (data) channel. By purchasing an IAD instead and connecting to a VoIP service provider, customers can purchase only the number of voice channels that are actually required at their location. Since the VoIP service allows internet access to be used for both voice and data, moving to a VoIP solution allows customers to remove the local access charges associated with the T1 local loop that was required to deliver the legacy PRI service. This allows customers to realize a significant cost savings by removing unused voice channels and access costs. Some companies estimate a 30%–75% cost savings can be realized by moving to VoIP.
Another benefit in moving to a VoIP solution over TDM is that additional security can be added to the voice service since Multiprotocol Label Switching connections can be used for voice access. This is especially important in the legal and healthcare industry where confidential information is routinely shared during phone calls.
The only caveats to sharing Voice and data on the same connection are that proper Quality of service must be
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AAA%20%28computer%20security%29
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AAA refers to Authentication (to prove identity), Authorization (to give permission) and Accounting (to log an audit trail).
It is a framework used to control and track access within a computer network.
Common network protocols providing this functionality include TACACS+, RADIUS, and Diameter.
Usage of AAA in Diameter (protocol)
In some cases, the term AAA has been used to refer to protocol-specific information. For example, Diameter uses the URI scheme AAA, which stands for Authentication, Authorization and Accounting, and the Diameter-based Protocol AAAS, which stands for Authentication, Authorization and Accounting with Secure Transport. These protocols were defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force in RFC 6733 and are intended to provide an Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) framework for applications, such as network access or IP mobility in both local and roaming situations.
While the term AAA has been used in such a narrow context, the concept of AAA is more widely used within the industry. As a result, it is incorrect to refer to AAA and Diameter as being one and the same.
Usage of AAA servers in CDMA networks
AAA servers in CDMA data networks are entities that provide Internet Protocol (IP) functionality to support the functions of authentication, authorization and accounting. The AAA server in the CDMA wireless data network architecture is similar to the HLR in the CDMA wireless voice network architecture.
Types of AAA servers include the following:
Access Network AAA (AN-AAA): Communicates with the RNC in the Access Network (AN) to enable authentication and authorization functions to be performed at the AN. The interface between AN and AN-AAA is known as the A12 interface.
Broker AAA (B-AAA): Acts as an intermediary to proxy AAA traffic between roaming partner networks (i.e., between the H-AAA server in the home network and V-AAA server in the serving network). B-AAA servers are used in CRX networks to enable CRX providers to offer billing settlement functions.
Home AAA (H-AAA): The AAA server in the roamer's home network. The H-AAA is similar to the HLR in voice. The H-AAA stores user profile information, responds to authentication requests, and collects accounting information.
Visited AAA (V-AAA): The AAA server in the visited network from which a roamer is receiving service. The V-AAA in the serving network communicates with the H-AAA in a roamer's home network. Authentication requests and accounting information are forwarded by the V-AAA to the H-AAA, either directly or through a B-AAA.
Current AAA servers communicate using the RADIUS protocol. As such, TIA specifications refer to AAA servers as RADIUS servers. However, future AAA servers are expected to use a successor protocol to RADIUS known as Diameter.
The behavior of AAA servers (radius servers) in the CDMA2000 wireless IP network is specified in TIA-835.
See also
Layer 8
Cyberoam
Computer access control
References
Code division multiple
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Marsaglia
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George Marsaglia (March 12, 1924 – February 15, 2011) was an American mathematician and computer scientist. He is best known for creating the diehard tests, a suite of software for measuring statistical randomness.
Research on random numbers
George Marsaglia established the lattice structure of linear congruential generators in the paper "Random numbers fall mainly in the planes", later termed Marsaglia's theorem. This phenomenon means that n-tuples with coordinates obtained from consecutive use of the generator will lie on a small number of equally spaced hyperplanes in n-dimensional space. He also developed the diehard tests, a series of tests to determine whether or not a sequence of numbers have the statistical properties that could be expected from a random sequence. In 1995 he published a CD-ROM of random numbers, which included the diehard tests.
His diehard paper came with the quotation "Nothing is random, only uncertain" attributed to Gail Gasram, though this name is simply the reverse of Marsaglia G, and so likely to be a pseudonym.
He also developed some of the most commonly used methods for generating random numbers and using them to produce random samples from various distributions. Some of the most widely used being the multiply-with-carry, subtract-with-borrow, xorshift, KISS and Mother methods for random numbers, and the ziggurat algorithm for generating normally or other unimodally distributed random variables.
Life
He was Professor Emeritus of Pure and Applied Mathematics and Computer Science at Washington State University and Professor Emeritus of Statistics at Florida State University.
In the 1995 CD-ROM release of diehard, Marsaglia included several papers that outline the process by which the random number files were created. In several places he mentions that, along with deterministic and physical devices:
Marsaglia died from a heart attack on February 15, 2011, in Tallahassee.
See also
Diehard tests
Linear congruential generator
Marsaglia polar method
Multiply-with-carry
Subtract with carry
Xorshift
Ziggurat algorithm
References
Further reading
American computer scientists
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Washington State University faculty
Florida State University faculty
1924 births
2011 deaths
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater%20Mekong%20Sub-region%20Academic%20and%20Research%20Network
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The Greater Mekong Sub-region Academic and Research Network (GMSARN) is a network of academic and research institutions in a Greater Mekong sub-region.
Its mission is to carry out activities in human resources development, joint research, and dissemination of information and intellectual assets generated in the region. With an emphasis to complementary linkages between technological and socio-economic development issues.
Partners
Institute of Technology of Cambodia
Royal University of Phnom Penh
Kunming University of Science and Technology
Guangxi University
Yunnan University
National University of Laos
Yangon Technological University
Asian Institute of Technology
Khon Kaen University
Thammasat University
Hanoi University of Science and Technology
Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology
Associate members
Nakhon Phanom University
Ubon Rajathanee University
Mekong River Commission
See also
The Journal of GMS Development Studies
GMSARN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
External links
Official website
References
Greater Mekong Subregion
Education in Southeast Asia
Educational organizations based in Asia
Research institutes in Asia
Economy of Southeast Asia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PJM
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PJM may refer to:
PixelJunk Monsters, a PlayStation Network game for the PlayStation 3
Punjab Janata Morcha (Punjab Popular Front), a Sikh political party in the state of Punjab, India
Polish Sign Language ("Polski Język Migowy")
Puerto Jiménez Airport in Puerto Jiménez, Costa Rica
PJM Interconnection, a regional transmission organization (RTO) in the eastern United States that operates one of the world's largest competitive wholesale electricity markets
Phase Jitter Modulation, an RFID interface standard
Pingat Jasa Malaysia, a Malaysian medal awarded to Commonwealth servicemen who served in Malaysia during the Malayan Emergency and the Malaysian-Indonesian Confrontation periods
Patrick Joseph McGovern (1937-2014), a businessman, publisher, and entrepreneur known for founding Computerworld magazine, and founder of the McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT
Park Jimin (Born 13 October 1995), South Korean singer and member of K-pop boy band BTS
PJM, a hardy hybrid involving Rhododendron carolinianum, named after P.J. Mezitt.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred%20Cohen
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Frederick B. Cohen (born 1956) is an American computer scientist and best known as the inventor of computer virus defense techniques. He gave the definition of "computer virus". Cohen is best known for his pioneering work on computer viruses, the invention of high integrity operating system mechanisms now in widespread use, and automation of protection management functions.
In 1983, while a student at the University of Southern California's School of Engineering (currently the Viterbi School of Engineering), he wrote a program for a parasitic application that seized control of computer operations, one of the first computer viruses, in Leonard Adleman’s class. He wrote a short program, as an experiment, that could "infect" computers, make copies of itself, and spread from one machine to another. It was hidden inside a larger, legitimate program, which was loaded into a computer on a floppy disk.
One of the few solid theoretical results in the study of computer viruses is Cohen's 1987 demonstration that there is no algorithm that can perfectly detect all possible viruses.
Cohen also believed there are positive viruses and he had created one called the compression virus which spreading would infect all executable files on a computer, not to destroy, but to make them smaller.
During the past 10 years of his research work, Fred Cohen wrote over 60 professional publications and 11 books.
Papers
1991, Trends In Computer Virus Research
1991, A Case for Benevolent Viruses
1991, The Computer Security Encyclopedia - Computer Viruses
1992, A Formal Definition of Computer Worms and Some Related Results
1989, Models of Practical Defenses Against Computer Viruses
1988, On the Implications of Computer Viruses and Methods of Defense
1984, Computer Viruses - Theory and Experiments
1989, Models of Practical Defenses Against Computer Viruses
References
Cohen, F., 1987. "Computer Viruses Theory and Experiments," Computers and Security, vol. 6, pp. 22--35.
American computer scientists
USC Viterbi School of Engineering alumni
Living people
1956 births
Computer security academics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longest%20common%20substring
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In computer science, a longest common substring of two or more strings is a longest string that is a substring of all of them. There may be more than one longest common substring. Applications include data deduplication and plagiarism detection.
Examples
The picture shows two strings where the problem has multiple solutions. Although the substring occurrences always overlap, no longer common substring can be obtained by "uniting" them.
The strings "ABABC", "BABCA" and "ABCBA" have only one longest common substring, viz. "ABC" of length 3. Other common substrings are "A", "AB", "B", "BA", "BC" and "C".
ABABC
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BABCA
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ABCBA
Problem definition
Given two strings, of length and of length , find a longest string which is substring of both and .
A generalization is the k-common substring problem. Given the set of strings , where and . Find for each , a longest string which occurs as substring of at least strings.
Algorithms
One can find the lengths and starting positions of the longest common substrings of and in time with the help of a generalized suffix tree. A faster algorithm can be achieved in the word RAM model of computation if the size of the input alphabet is in . In particular, this algorithm runs in time using space. Solving the problem by dynamic programming costs . The solutions to the generalized problem take space and ·...· time with dynamic programming and take time with a generalized suffix tree.
Suffix tree
The longest common substrings of a set of strings can be found by building a generalized suffix tree for the strings, and then finding the deepest internal nodes which have leaf nodes from all the strings in the subtree below it. The figure on the right is the suffix tree for the strings "ABAB", "BABA" and "ABBA", padded with unique string terminators, to become "ABAB$0", "BABA$1" and "ABBA$2". The nodes representing "A", "B", "AB" and "BA" all have descendant leaves from all of the strings, numbered 0, 1 and 2.
Building the suffix tree takes time (if the size of the alphabet is constant). If the tree is traversed from the bottom up with a bit vector telling which strings are seen below each node, the k-common substring problem can be solved in time. If the suffix tree is prepared for constant time lowest common ancestor retrieval, it can be solved in time.
Dynamic programming
The following pseudocode finds the set of longest common substrings between two strings with dynamic programming:
function LongestCommonSubstring(S[1..r], T[1..n])
L := array(1..r, 1..n)
z := 0
ret := {}
for i := 1..r
for j := 1..n
if S[i] = T[j]
if i = 1 or j = 1
L[i, j] := 1
else
L[i, j] := L[i − 1, j − 1] + 1
if L[i, j] > z
z := L[i, j]
ret := {S[i − z + 1..i]}
else if L[i, j] = z
ret :=
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affinity%20%28Christian%20organisation%29
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Affinity is a network of conservative evangelical churches and Christian agencies throughout Britain and Ireland.
It was founded in 1953 as the British Evangelical Council and in 1981 numbered over 2,000 churches. The organization stagnated in the 1980s following the death of Martyn Lloyd-Jones. The rebranding and relaunch happened in 2004. Affinity provides networking and support to conservative evangelical churches in the United Kingdom and Ireland. There are currently about 1300 church congregations linked to Affinity. The organisation's subtitle is "Church-centred Partnership for Bible-centred Christianity".
The British Evangelical Council focussed, in reaction to the 1967 Keele University conference, "to draw in churches predicated on Scriptural ecumenicity." It was opposed to the World Council of Churches.
Groups of churches linked to Affinity include the Apostolic Church, the Association of Grace Baptist Churches (South East), the Association of Grace Baptist Churches (East Anglia), the Evangelical Movement of Wales, the Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches, the Free Church of Scotland, the Free Church of Scotland (Continuing), the Evangelical Fellowship of Congregational Churches, the Evangelical Presbyterian Church in England and Wales and Ireland and the Evangelical Connexion of the Free Church of England.
Since 2016, its Director has been Graham Nicholls, who is also pastor of Christ Church Haywards Heath.
See also
Conservative evangelicalism in the United Kingdom
References
External links
Evangelical parachurch organizations
Christian organisations based in the United Kingdom
1953 establishments in the United Kingdom
Christian organizations established in 1953
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last%20Man%20Standing%20%28Australian%20TV%20series%29
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Last Man Standing is an Australian television series which aired in Australia from June 2005 to October 2005 on Seven Network; and in New Zealand from April to September 2005. It was aired also in Finland (Viimeiseen mieheen) in 2007. The series did not return for a second season.
Overview
The main characters are three best friends — Adam, Bruno and Cameron — who live and work in Melbourne. Adam is newly single, having come out of a long-term relationship, and is dealing with the dating world for the first time in a long time. Cameron is the sexual predator of the group, although this role has been somewhat lessened by the fact that his ex-wife Zoe — who left when he had an affair — is now part of the group, and is becoming friends with the women he dates. Bruno is a nurse who has a habit of falling for women who don't care for him, while ignoring the many women who do. All three are discovering that, in their late twenties, they are still single and really have no idea about women whatsoever.
In keeping with the show's distinctly Melbourne feel, iconic Melbourne rock band Dallas Crane recorded a cover of Come See Me, originally by The Pretty Things, for the show's theme tune. The cover can be found as a B-side to the band's Curiosity single
Cast
Main
Rodger Corser as Adam Logan
Travis McMahon as Bruno Palmer
Matt Passmore as Cameron Kennedy
Miriama Smith as Zoe Hesketh
Recurring
Fletcher Humphrys as Anto
Anita Hegh as Marly
Jesse Griffin as Chich
Nikola Dubois as Taia
Jacinta Stapleton as Syl
Stephen Phillips as Mark
Gillian Hardy as Anne
Terry Kenwrick as Gavin
Kat Stewart as Claire
Cal Wilson as Nurse Jude Vanderwert
Susan Godfrey as Nurse Rachel Barton
Guests
Peta Sergeant as Janessa (4 episodes)
Broadcast history
The series premiered in Australia on 6 June 2005 - although it premiered in New Zealand some two months earlier. It struggled to find an audience from the beginning, with an average Australian viewership of 750,000 weekly viewers. These low ratings occurred despite the show having Desperate Housewives as a lead in, which at the time was attracting over 2 million viewers a week.
It was thought by critics that Last Man Standing appealed only to "inner city lefties", unlike past successful Australian dramas such as Blue Heelers and All Saints which have more widespread demographic appeal.
Given that a full 22 episodes had been filmed before the series began airing, the Seven Network aired consistent repeats to allow the show to find an audience. Ratings didn't climb, however, and in early September, the network announced the show's cancellation. The series finale aired on 25 October. This episode ended in a cliffhanger, which - due to the show's cancellation - will remain unresolved.
The series began its airing in the UK on the FX channel in early 2006.
The series began its airing in Finland on the Sub (formerly known as Subtv) channel in June 2007.
See also
List of Australian television series
References
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20multipathing
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In computer data storage technology field, dynamic multipathing (DMP) is a multipath I/O enhancement technique that balances input/output (I/O) across many available paths from the computer to the storage device to improve performance and availability. The name was introduced with Veritas Volume Manager software.
The DMP utility does not take any time to switch over, although the total time for failover is dependent on how long the underlying disk driver retries the command before giving up.
External links
Veritas - DMP white paper
Computer storage technologies
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factoring
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Factoring can refer to the following:
Factoring (finance), a form of commercial finance
Factorization, a mathematical concept
Decomposition (computer science)
A rule in resolution theorem proving, see Resolution (logic)#Factoring
See also
Code refactoring
Factor (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python%20Imaging%20Library
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Python Imaging Library is a free and open-source additional library for the Python programming language that adds support for opening, manipulating, and saving many different image file formats. It is available for Windows, and Linux. The latest version of PIL is 1.1.7, was released in September 2009 and supports Python 1.5.2–2.7.
Development of the original project, known as PIL, was discontinued in 2011. Subsequently, a successor project named Pillow forked the PIL repository and added Python 3.x support. This fork has been adopted as a replacement for the original PIL in Linux distributions including Debian and Ubuntu (since 13.04).
Capabilities
PIL offers several standard procedures for image manipulation. These include:
per-pixel manipulations,
masking and transparency handling,
image filtering, such as blurring, contouring, smoothing, or edge finding,
image enhancing, such as sharpening, adjusting brightness, contrast or color,
adding text to images and much more.
File formats
Some of the file formats supported are PPM, PNG, JPEG, GIF, TIFF, and BMP.
It is also possible to create new file decoders to expand the library of file formats accessible.
Example of use
This example loads an image from the file system, blurs it, and shows both the original and the blurred image on the screen:
from PIL import Image, ImageFilter # Import classes from the library.
original_image = Image.open("file.ppm") # Load an image from the file system.
blurred_image = original_image.filter(ImageFilter.BLUR) # Blur the image.
# Display both images.
original_image.show()
blurred_image.show()
This example loads and rotates an image by 180 degrees:
from PIL import Image # Import Image class from the library.
image = Image.open("file.jpg") # Load the image.
rotated_image = image.rotate(180) # Rotate the image by 180 degrees.
rotated_image.save("file_rotated.jpg") # Save the rotated image.
This example loads and crops an image:from PIL import Image # Import Image class from library.
image = Image.open("example.jpg") # Load image.
cropped_image = image.crop((100, 100, 250, 250)) # Crop the image.
cropped_image.save("example_cropped.jpg") # Save the image.
License
The Python Imaging Library (PIL) is
Copyright © 1997-2011 by Secret Labs AB
Copyright © 1995-2011 by Fredrik Lundh
Based on
References
External links
PIL Library reference
Pillow (Successor project)
PIL Tutorial Examples
Graphics libraries
Python (programming language) libraries
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sysprep
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Sysprep is Microsoft's System Preparation Tool for Microsoft Windows operating system deployment.
History
Sysprep was originally introduced for use with Windows NT 4.0. Later versions introduced for Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 are available for download from Microsoft website and included in the Windows CD. Windows Vista is the first version of Windows NT to include a version of Sysprep that was independent of the hardware abstraction layer (HAL), in the "out of box" installation.
Purpose
Desktop deployment is typically performed via disk cloning utility. Sysprep can be used to prepare an operating system for disk cloning and restoration via a disk image.
Windows operating system installations include many unique elements per installation that need to be "generalized" before capturing and deploying a disk image to multiple computers. Some of these elements include:
Computer name
Security Identifier (SID)
Driver Cache
Sysprep seeks to solve these issues by allowing for the generation of new computer names, unique SIDs, and custom driver cache databases during the Sysprep process.
Administrators can use tools such as SetupMgr.exe (Windows XP) or the Windows Automated Installation Kit (Windows Vista/7/Server 2008) to generate answer files that Sysprep will process on new computer deployments.
Alternatives to Sysprep
Mark Russinovich of Sysinternals created a partial alternative to Sysprep, named NewSID, in 1997. However, after his own further analysis and research, Russinovich concluded that having duplicate SIDs is a non-issue and arranged NewSID's retirement.
References
External links
Windows 2000 System Preparation Tool (Sysprep) Version 1.1
How to use the Sysprep tool to automate successful deployment of Windows XP
Hardware devices not installed in Sysprep image -
Description of New Features in Sysprep for Windows XP -
Informational guide on how to use Sysprep for deploying Windows 2000/XP
Sysprep for Windows 2008 R2
Microsoft: TechNet: Windows Sysinternals: NewSID v4.10
SelfImage wiki: Post-cloning operations (discusses Sysprep, also mentions NewSID)
Windows administration
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WikiHow
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wikiHow is an online wiki-style publication featuring how-to articles on a variety of topics. Founded in 2005 by Internet entrepreneur Jack Herrick, its aim is to create an extensive database of instructional content, using the wiki model of open collaboration to allow users to add, create, and modify content. It is a hybrid organization, a for-profit company run for a social mission. wikiHow uses the free and open-source MediaWiki software, and its text content is released under a Creative Commons NonCommercial license.
In February 2005, wikiHow had over 35.5 million unique visitors. , wikiHow contains more than 235,000 how-to articles and over 2.5 million registered users.
History
wikiHow was founded by Jack Herrick on January 15, 2005, with the goal of creating "the how-to guide for everything." January 15 was selected as its launch date to honor Wikipedia, which was launched on January 15, 2001.
Herrick drew inspiration for wikiHow from eHow, a how-to website he and business partner Josh Hannah purchased in 2004. After running eHow, Herrick concluded that its business model prevented it from becoming the extensive, high quality how-to site he wanted to create. Realizing that the wiki method of content creation would ultimately produce higher-quality work, both of them sold eHow in 2006 to Demand Media. Herrick described the difference between eHow and wikiHow as "eating a McDonald's burger vs. a wonderful, home cooked meal."
In 2006, the non-profit foundation One Laptop per Child chose wikiHow as one of the content sources for the educational laptops it distributed around the world. On September 21, 2007, the website's 25,000th article was published. In 2009, after completing a redesign the site surpassed 20 million monthly visitors with 25 million page views. In 2014, Google chose wikiHow as one of the launch partners for Google Contributor, an ad-free Internet product. In 2016, wikiHow reached 100 million monthly visitors.
On March 24, 2016, wikiHow acquired Guidecentral, a website focused on instructions for "hands-on" projects. The acquisition's terms were not released; however, Guidecentral raised over $1 million from investors including NXTP Labs, Enterprise Ireland, and South Ventures.
Operations
wikiHow provides instructional content on a wide range of topics. As of December 2021, it contains over 235,000 articles. Articles typically follow a standardized format to detail the step-by-step process of completing a task or accomplishing a specific outcome. Images serve as visual aids and may be created by users or contracted staff.
The MediaWiki software allows users to add, delete, and otherwise modify content. Like other wikis, quality control is achieved by reviewing edits via the "Recent Changes" page and using a diff feature to compare revisions of an article and highlight changes in the content. Other users review these changes and may accept or reject the edits based on guidelines regarding content and style.
To provide
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WFVX-LD
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WFVX-LD (channel 22) is a television station in Bangor, Maine, United States, affiliated with the Fox network. It is owned by Rockfleet Broadcasting alongside ABC affiliate WVII-TV (channel 7). The two stations share studios on Target Industrial Circle in West Bangor and a transmitter on Black Cap Mountain along the Penobscot and Hancock county line.
In addition to Fox programming, WFVX-LD is a secondary affiliate of MyNetworkTV, and airs Jewelry Television overnight. Despite WFVX-LD legally holding a low-power license, it transmits using WVII-TV's full-power spectrum. This ensures complete reception across the Bangor television market.
History
A construction permit for a low-power station on channel 22 in Bangor was granted on January 12, 1995, and was assigned the call letters W22BU. Following the death of original owner Dale Buschow in 1998, the station was acquired by MS Communications on January 3, 2001; its license to cover was issued on March 1. MS Communications had plans to establish wireless cable networks, but never broadcast anything other than test patterns on its stations. MS sold W22BU to Rockfleet Broadcasting, owner of WVII-TV, in 2003. Rockfleet put the station on the air as a Fox affiliate on April 13, 2003; the following day, the call letters were changed to WFVX-LP. The WFVX call letters were transferred from what is now WFUP, the Vanderbilt, Michigan, satellite of then-sister station and fellow Fox affiliate WFQX-TV in Cadillac, Michigan.
Before WFVX went on the air, Fox programming was seen on cable via WPXT in Portland, then from Foxnet after WPXT switched to The WB in the fall of 2001. Fox Sports programming was also available in Bangor at various points via WABI-TV (channel 5), WBGR-LP (channel 33), and WCKD-LP (channel 30). WCKD was WVII's first venture into low-power broadcasting in Bangor; it signed a local marketing agreement with James McLeod, owner of channel 30 (then known as W30BF, the former Bangor transmitter for Maine Public Television Plus) and WBGR, in 2000, and relaunched it as a UPN affiliate in 2001. WCKD had tried to become a full Fox affiliate that October to coincide with WPXT's affiliation change, but was blocked from doing so by UPN; this did not stop the station from continuing its existing relationship with Fox Sports. After WFVX's sign on, Rockfleet moved all of WCKD's syndicated and local programming (including a 10 p.m. newscast from WVII and the morning talk show So Goes the Nation), but not the UPN affiliation, to channel 22.
On December 6, 2006, WFVX added a secondary affiliation with Fox's new sister programming service MyNetworkTV. The service was not available in Bangor in its first three months on the air. Currently, programming from MyNetworkTV is seen in a delayed manner from 11:05 until 1:05 early the next morning. There is no local branding and/or logo indicating the secondary MyNetworkTV affiliation status aside from network promotions.
As a low-power station, WFVX was exempt fr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIOD
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Scheme In One Defun, or humorously Scheme In One Day (SIOD) is a programming language, a dialect of the language Lisp, a small-size implementation of the dialect Scheme, written in C and designed to be embedded inside C programs. It is notable for being perhaps the smallest practical implementation of a Lisp-like language. It was written by George J. Carrette originally. It is free and open-source software released under a GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).
Features
SIOD features include:
Implements the original version of Scheme from the Lambda Papers, but none of the modern language standards.
Represents a very early use of conservative garbage collection in a Lisp interpreter, a method later copied by SCM and Guile.
Compiling is implemented by emitting a fixed machine code prologue followed by a fast-loading binary representation of the parse tree to be interpreted.
Applications
GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) – SIOD was its primary extension language, Script-Fu, until GIMP 2.4 was released.
Siag Office – Scheme in a Grid (SIAG) is a spreadsheet application using SIOD as a base.
Festival Speech Synthesis System – SIOD is its underlying command interpreter.
References
External links
SIOD on CodePlex
Scheme (programming language) interpreters
Scheme (programming language) implementations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon%20dioxide%20%28data%20page%29
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This page provides supplementary chemical data on carbon dioxide.
Material Safety Data Sheet
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommended that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI, and follow its directions. MSDS for solid carbon dioxide is available from Pacific Dry Ice, inc.
Structure and properties
Thermodynamic properties
Solubility in water at various temperatures
‡Second column of table indicates solubility at each given temperature in volume of CO2 as it would be measured at 101.3 kPa and 0 °C per volume of water.
The solubility is given for "pure water", i.e., water which contain only CO2. This water is going to be acidic. For example, at 25 °C the pH of 3.9 is expected (see carbonic acid). At less acidic pH values, the solubility will increase because of the pH-dependent speciation of CO2.
Vapor pressure of solid and liquid
Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed. Annotation "(s)" indicates equilibrium temperature of vapor over solid. Otherwise temperature is equilibrium of vapor over liquid. For kPa values, where datum is whole numbers of atmospheres exact kPa values are given, elsewhere 2 significant figures derived from mm Hg data.
Phase diagram
Liquid/vapor equilibrium thermodynamic data
The table below gives thermodynamic data of liquid CO2 in equilibrium with its vapor at various temperatures. Heat content data, heat of vaporization, and entropy values are relative to the liquid state at 0 °C temperature and 3483 kPa pressure. To convert heat values to joules per mole values, multiply by 44.095 g/mol. To convert densities to moles per liter, multiply by 22.678 cm3 mol/(L·g). Data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 44th ed. pages 2560–2561, except for critical temperature line (31.1 °C) and temperatures −30 °C and below, which are taken from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. page 1463.
Spectral data
Notes
References
Carbon dioxide
Chemical data pages
Chemical data pages cleanup
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20source%20%28disambiguation%29
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Open source products include permission to use the source code, design documents, or content of the product.
Open source may also refer to:
Computing
Software
Open-source license, a type of license for computer software and other products that allows the source code, blueprint or design to be used, modified and/or shared under defined terms and conditions
Open-source model, a decentralized software development model
Open-source software, a type of computer software in which source code is released under a license in which the copyright holder grants users the rights to study, change, and distribute it
Free and open-source software, openly shared source code that is licensed without any restrictions on usage, modification, or distribution
Hardware
Open-source hardware, or open hardware, computer hardware, such as microprocessors, that is designed in the same fashion as open source software
Open-source robotics, physical artifacts of the subject are offered by the open design movement
Open-source product development, collaborative product and process openness of open-source hardware for any interested participants
Manufacturing
Open-source appropriate technology, is designed for environmental, ethical, cultural, social, political, economic, and community aspects
Open-source architecture, emerging procedures in imagination and formation of virtual and real spaces within an inclusive universal infrastructure
Open-source cola, cola soft drinks made to open-sourced recipes
Open Source Ecology, a network of farmers, engineers, architects and supporters striving to manufacture the Global Village Construction Set
Media
Open-source film, open source movies
Open-source journalism, a spectrum on online publications, various publishing forms, and content voting
Open-source record label, open source music
"Open Source", a 1960s rock song performed by The Magic Mushrooms
Open Source (film), an American action thriller film
Open Source (radio show), a radio show using open content information gathering methods hosted by Christopher Lydon
"Open Source", a 2020 album released by Brazilian Heavy Metal guitarist Kiko Loureiro
Other uses
Open-source intelligence, data collected from publicly available sources
Open-source curriculum, an online instructional resource that can be freely used, distributed and modified
Open-source governance, open source in government
Open Source Order of the Golden Dawn, an esoteric community
Open-source religion, in the creation of belief systems
Open-source unionism, a model for labor union organization
See also
Open access (disambiguation)
Open-source software advocacy
Open-source software development
Open-source-software movement
Open-source video game
The Open Source Definition, as used by the Open Source Initiative for open source software
Open Source Lab (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flashback%20%28Star%20Trek%3A%20Voyager%29
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"Flashback" is the 44th episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: Voyager airing on the UPN network. It is the second episode of the third season.
The series follows the adventures of the Federation starship Voyager during its journey home to Earth, having been stranded tens of thousands of light-years away. In this episode, Captain Janeway must help Lt. Tuvok delve into his past to understand a memory triggered by the sight of a spatial phenomenon.
This episode was produced along with Star Trek: Deep Space Nines "Trials and Tribble-ations" as part of the Star Trek franchise's 30th anniversary, with both series featuring characters from Star Trek: The Original Series; Hikaru Sulu (George Takei) and Janice Rand (Grace Lee Whitney) appear in this episode. Both characters appear by means of a flashback by Tuvok, taking place during the events depicted in the film Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country.
The episode was premiered the evening of August 9, 1996, at a convention held at the Britannia Hotel in Birmingham City Centre. The presentation was played from VHS tape.
Plot
Investigating a nebula, Tuvok experiences a flashback of attempting to rescue a young girl off a cliff, then collapses. In Sickbay, he insists the cliff memory never occurred. The Doctor suggests the problem is a repressed memory, which in Vulcans can cause brain damage due to the conflict between the conscious and unconscious minds. He suggests Tuvok initiate a mind meld with a close friend to locate and reintegrate the memory -- Janeway volunteers.
Tuvok initiates multiple mind melds, but instead of the cliff memory they appear in his memories aboard the USS Excelsior serving under Captain Sulu. In several instances the cliff memory resurfaces, rendering Tuvok unconscious. In one instance of the cliff memory, it is not a young Tuvok failing to rescue the girl, but a young Janeway. In Sickbay, the Doctor and Kes deduce the cliff flashback is a false memory created by a virus, and the virus has moved from Tuvok to Janeway. They kill the virus with thoron radiation.
Walking down a corridor, Janeway suggests that Tuvok missed those days serving under Sulu. Tuvok rejects this, but suggests that she could feel nostalgic for the both of them.
Casting
This episode features The Original Series actors George Takei, Michael Ansara, & Grace Lee Whitney.
Production
In an example of discontinuity, the character of Lieutenant Dimitri Valtane, who appears in both this Voyager episode shot in 1996 and the 1991 feature film Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country, is shown to still be alive at the end of the feature film, in direct contradiction with the episode's depiction of events. Valtane is shown to have died in "Flashback", prior to the feature film's concluding scene in which the USS Excelsior captain and crew bid farewell to the USS Enterprise crew.
This episode was shot as a part of Season Two, but it was carried over and aired in Season Three.
Re
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PGP%20Corporation
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PGP Corporation was a company that sold Pretty Good Privacy computer software. It was founded in 2002, and acquired by Symantec in 2010, and by Broadcom in 2019.
History
PGP Corporation was co-founded in June 2002 by Jon Callas and Phil Dunkelberger (who became CEO), based in Menlo Park, California. It was funded by Rob Theis, general partner, Doll Capital Management and Terry Garnett, general partner, Venrock Associates. The company owned the Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) software, which was originally developed by Phil Zimmermann (who had earlier started a company of a similar name). Originally written in 1991, PGP was one of the first freely and publicly available implementations of public-key cryptography. It was originally used to allow individuals to communicate securely through bulletin board systems. PGP later became standardized and supported by many other applications, including email. PGP Corporation acquired the code and rights to the name from Network Associates (NAI) in August 2002. The company released version 9 of the software in 2005.
PGP Corporation's focus shifted towards the corporate market.
In 2004, the company announced plans to integrate with Symantec anti-virus technology.
In 2009, Callas left to be a security consultant.
In February 2010, the company acquired certificate authority TC TrustCenter and its parent company, ChosenSecurity, to form its PGP TrustCenter division.
On April 29, 2010, Symantec Corp. announced the acquisition of PGP Corporation for about $300 million cash. The merger was completed in June of that year.
On August 9, 2019, Broadcom Inc. announced they would be acquiring the Enterprise Security software division of Symantec, which includes PGP Corporation.
References
External links
Companies based in Menlo Park, California
Cryptography companies
Gen Digital acquisitions
Software companies established in 2002
2010 mergers and acquisitions
Defunct software companies of the United States
2002 establishments in the United States
2002 establishments in California
Companies established in 2002
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernatural%20%28American%20TV%20series%29
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Supernatural is an American dark fantasy drama television series created by Eric Kripke. It was first broadcast on September 13, 2005, on The WB, and subsequently became part of successor network The CW's lineup. Starring Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, the series follows the two brothers as they hunt demons, ghosts, monsters, and other supernatural beings. The series was produced by Warner Bros. Television, in association with Wonderland Sound and Vision. Along with Kripke, executive producers have been McG, Robert Singer, Phil Sgriccia, Sera Gamble, Jeremy Carver, John Shiban, Ben Edlund, and Adam Glass. Former executive producer and director Kim Manners died during production of the fourth season.
The series was filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, and surrounding areas. It was in development for nearly ten years, as creator Kripke spent several years unsuccessfully pitching it. The pilot was viewed by an estimated 5.69 million viewers, and the ratings of the first four episodes prompted The WB to pick up the series for a full season. Kripke planned the series for three seasons but later expanded it to five. The fifth season concluded the series' main storyline, and Kripke departed the series as showrunner. The series continued on for 10 more seasons with new showrunners, including Sera Gamble, Jeremy Carver, Robert Singer and Andrew Dabb. With its eleventh season, Supernatural became the longest-running American live-action fantasy TV series. The series was renewed for a fifteenth and final season that consisted of 20 episodes, and premiered on October 10, 2019. The series concluded on November 19, 2020, with 327 episodes aired.
Production
Conception and creation
Before bringing Supernatural to television, creator Eric Kripke had been developing the series for nearly ten years, having been fascinated with urban legends since he was a child. He had originally envisioned Supernatural as a movie. He later developed it as a TV series and spent a few years pitching it before it was picked up by The WB. The concept went through several phases before becoming the eventual product, shifting from the original idea of an anthology series to one of tabloid reporters driving around the country in a van "fighting the demons in search of the truth". Kripke wanted it to be a road trip series, feeling that it was the "best vehicle to tell these stories because it's pure, stripped down and uniquely American... These stories exist in these small towns all across the country, and it just makes so much sense to drive in and out of these stories."
As he had previously written for The WB series Tarzan, Kripke was offered the chance to pitch show ideas to the network and used the opportunity for Supernatural. However, the network disliked his tabloid reporter idea, so Kripke successfully pitched his last-minute idea of the characters being brothers. He decided to have the brothers be from Lawrence, Kansas, because of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VT420
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The VT420 is an ANSI standard computer terminal introduced in 1990 by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). The 420 is the only model in the 400 series, replacing the VT320. There are no color or graphics-capable 400 series terminals; the VT340 remained in production for those requiring ReGIS and Sixel graphics and color support. The entire lineup of VT300s and VT420 was eventually replaced by the relatively unknown VT500 series starting in 1993.
Description
The VT420 is essentially an updated VT320, adding the multi-session capabilities originally introduced on the VT330 and VT340.
Those two models include a system known as TD/SMP which allows two sessions to be multiplexed over a single serial connection to a compatible terminal server. Alternately, the two sessions can be supported by separate serial connections on those models with multiple MMJ ports. Using either method, the VT330/340/420 can either show the two sessions behind each other, using a key sequence to flip back and forth, or split the screen horizontally to display the sessions one above the other, or vertically side-by-side.
The VT420 also added a number of more minor features. One was to add a number of PC character sets, allowing the terminal to be used with a variety of PC programs. Another allows the terminal to generate the proper character sequences to produce rectangular-area commands. For instance, one can select a rectangular area and fill it with a particular character, or blank it out. This is in addition to the terminal-side editing system introduced on the VT300s.
The VT420 has a total of 5 sets of 94 characters for normal VT operation, another 3 sets of 128 PC characters, and 1 set of 96 characters containing various graphics and math symbols. Like all models since the VT200 series, the user can also upload a custom character set of their own design using the Sixel system. Likewise, it also supports the National Replacement Character Set system, which swaps out single characters in 7-bit modes to allow basic changes like swapping the for the for use on UK systems.
All DEC terminals that came after the VT100, including the VT420, are able to emulate their ancestors. The VT420 has VT100 and VT52 emulating modes.
The screen itself is a 14" flat CRT with a resolution of 800 (horizontal) by 400 (vertical) pixels. A variety of glyphs are available that provide 80 or 132 characters across, and 24, 36 or 48 lines of text vertically. The screen has room for 25 lines at normal font sizes, but the last line was normally used for status indications, like . The MMJ ports can operate at speeds up to 38,400 bit/s, double that of the VT300s' maximum 19,200 bit/s.
Notes
References
Installing and Using the VT420 Video Terminal, DEC, 1990
VT420 Programmer Reference Manual, DEC, 1992
External links
vt100.net
DEC computer terminals
Character-oriented terminal
Computer-related introductions in 1990
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project%20Builder
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Project Builder was an integrated development environment (IDE) originally developed by NeXT for version 3 of the NeXTSTEP operating system by separating out the code editing parts of Interface Builder into its own application.
After Apple Computer purchased NeXT and turned NeXTSTEP into the Mac OS X operating system, the NeXTSTEP version of Project Builder became ProjectBuilderWO (maintained only for WebObjects development). Apple created a new Project Builder from scratch for software development with the first version being introduced with Developer Preview 4 of Mac OS X. This version of Project Builder, informally dubbed PBX. was distributed with the first few versions of Mac OS X but with the release of Mac OS X v10.3 it was redesigned, reintegrated with Interface Builder and rebranded as Xcode.
Before OS X, developers could use Macintosh Programmer's Workshop or CodeWarrior to develop Macintosh applications.
GNUstep's ProjectCenter IDE is a rough workalike of the original NextStep design; additional functionality is provided by ProjectManager, a 3rd-party GNUstep IDE meant for greater usability.
References
MacOS
NeXT
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay%20News%209
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Bay News 9 (also officially known as Spectrum Bay News 9 as of September 24, 2017) is a cable news television network located in St. Petersburg, Florida. Owned by Charter Communications, it currently serves the Tampa Bay area including Hillsborough, Pinellas, Manatee, Polk, Pasco, Hernando, and Citrus counties. The station, which is exclusive to Spectrum customers, provides rolling news programming 24 hours a day, with the exception of some special programming, including a weekly political program, Political Connections.
The station was created by Elliott Wiser, who was hired as General Manager by Time Warner Cable in May 1997. At that time TWC was building a similar news channel in Orlando; that channel now is known as Spectrum News 13. Wiser later created Bay News 9 en Español, Tampa Bay on Demand, and Spectrum Sports.
History
The station began operating on September 24, 1997, and gives weather updates every 10 minutes "on the nines" and more frequently during serious weather conditions.
In 2002, Bay News 9 was the first TV station in the area to provide a VIPIR Doppler radar system. In 2007, Bay News 9 became the first station in Florida, and one of only a handful of stations, to provide a Dual-Pole Doppler Radar system. On Monday, January 5, 2009, Bay News 9 launched its upgraded doppler radar system called Klystron 9. This new system is capable of seeing weather features in greater detail than other Doppler radar systems. Klystron 9 combines, for the first time in history, a dual Polarimetry radar, Klystron tube, Pulse compression technology and a 1.25-million watt transmitter. That combination of technology makes Klystron 9 the most powerful television radar in the world. Klystron 9 has the ability to see storms other radars can't see and see deeper into those storms. The Klystron 9's dual-pole technology even tells meteorologists the sizes and shape of raindrops and makes the distinction between rain and ice.
Two original anchors remain with the station: meteorologists Mike Clay and Alan Winfield. Winfield only works during hurricanes after leaving the station full-time in 2006 to join a religious ministry. In December 2008, Jen Holloway left the station to join the parent company, Bright House Networks, as a marketing spokesperson. Weekend morning anchor Erica Riggins replaced her spot.
Bay News 9 was originally seen on channel 9 on all systems, except for Pasco County, where it was seen on channel 6. On August 7, 2013, Bright House Networks moved Bay News 9 to channel 9 in Pasco County, making Bay News 9 available on all of Bright House's cable systems in the Tampa Bay area. The newscasts (with the exception of Your Morning News) are recorded for repeat broadcasts with breaking news and weather forecasts inserted almost hourly.
News operation
Bay News 9 maintains content partnerships with several local radio stations as well as various Bay Area newspapers including the Tampa Bay Business Journal, the Citrus County Chronicle, and T
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLAN%20Management%20Policy%20Server
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A VLAN Management Policy Server (VMPS) is a network switch that contains a mapping of device information to VLAN.
The primary goal of VMPS is VLAN assignment for general network management purposes, but can also be used for providing security through segregating clients with an unknown MAC address, or through further extension of the protocol to provide login for Cisco ACLs. This last functionality is now deprecated by Cisco, in favour of 802.1X, and as the VMPS technology is Cisco proprietary, the VLAN assignment can now be carried out in the 802.1X framework.
Client switches query the VMPS server using the VLAN Query Protocol, or VQP. Only Cisco produces hardware with VMPS client functionality, and is currently fully supported across their IOS switching lines. Cisco officially only supports the use of Catalyst 4000, 5000 and 6500 switch platforms (with appropriate firmware) as VMPS servers, but these have limited functionality, and only support a static text file transferred into them using tftp.
vmps helps with the dynamic allocation of vlan across the network.
Third party servers
To enhance functionality, which can talk to SQL or use external programs to decide on network access for a given request. The first publicly available of these was OpenVMPS, by Dori Seliskar and others, with FreeRADIUS and Icarus VMPSd available and including additional management tools to help manage hundreds or thousands of clients and MAC addresses and their VMPS support.
External links
Cisco document on VMPS
OpenVMPS on Sourceforge
Icarus VMPSd on Sourceforge
OpenNAC on Sourceforge
FreeRADIUS Download page
NetSheperd; commercial VLAN administration suite
Cisco protocols
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prodikeys
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Prodikeys is a music and computer keyboard combination. It is created by Singaporean audio company Creative Technology. So far there have been 3 different versions of Prodikeys: Creative Prodikeys, Creative Prodikeys DM and Creative Prodikeys PC-MIDI. It has 37 mini-sized music keys under detachable palm cover and comes with Prodikeys software. The MIDI keyboard can also be used as a MIDI controller for third-party MIDI software. It is compatible with Windows XP, 2000, and Linux, but is incompatible with Windows Vista, 7, 8, and Mac OS X.
Included Software:
EasyNotes
Learn to play any song melody on own - from the included song library or downloaded MIDI files of favourite pop tunes from the Internet. EasyNotes supports music format in SEQ and MIDI.
FunMix
Can create and record own music with pre-arranged mixes and personalize own ring tone or video soundtrack easily.
HotKeys Manager
It lets customize the keyboard's hotkeys functions for easy access to the software suite.
Mini Keyboard
Will be able to explore with more than a hundred different instrument sounds - including piano, flute, guitar and drums.
Prodikeys Launcher
Can use it to launch the software and the Product Tutorial for an interactive demo.
Prodikeys DM
The Prodikeys DM does not use USB, but rather has one single Mini-DIN connector for the PS/2 port and is therefore detected as a regular typing keyboard. The included Windows software communicates with the keyboard driver in order to send and receive MIDI data over the PS/2 line. This protocol has been partly reverse-engineered, making it possible to use the Prodikeys DM on a regular USB port using an Arduino microcontroller as an adaptor.
References
Singaporean brands
Keyboard instruments
Computer keyboards
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Masser
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David William Masser (born 8 November 1948) is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science at the University of Basel. He is known for his work in transcendental number theory, Diophantine approximation, and Diophantine geometry. With Joseph Oesterlé in 1985, Masser formulated the abc conjecture, which has been called "the most important unsolved problem in Diophantine analysis".
Early life and education
Masser was born on 8 November 1948 in London, England. He graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge with a B.A. (Hons) in 1970. In 1974, he obtained his M.A. and Ph.D. at the University of Cambridge, with a doctoral thesis under the supervision of Alan Baker titled Elliptic Functions and Transcendence.
Career
Masser was a Lecturer at the University of Nottingham from 1973 to 1975, before spending the 1975–1976 year as a Research Fellow of Trinity College at the University of Cambridge. He returned to the University of Nottingham to serve as a Lecturer from 1976 to 1979 and then as a Reader from 1979 to 1983. He was a professor at the University of Michigan from 1983 to 1992. He then moved to the Mathematics Institute at the University of Basel and became emeritus there in 2014.
Research
Masser's research focuses on transcendental number theory, Diophantine approximation, and Diophantine geometry. The abc conjecture originated as the outcome of attempts by Oesterlé and Masser to understand the Szpiro conjecture about elliptic curves.
Awards
Masser was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Warsaw in 1983. In 1991, he received the Humboldt Prize. He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2005. In 2014, he was elected as a Member of the Academia Europaea.
See also
Analytic subgroup theorem
Bézout's theorem
Zilber–Pink conjecture
References
1948 births
Living people
20th-century British mathematicians
21st-century British mathematicians
Number theorists
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Fellows of the Royal Society
University of Michigan faculty
Academic staff of the University of Basel
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor
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Processor may refer to:
Computing
Hardware
Processor (computing)
Central processing unit (CPU), the hardware within a computer that executes a program
Microprocessor, a central processing unit contained on a single integrated circuit (IC)
Application-specific instruction set processor (ASIP), a component used in system-on-a-chip design
Graphics processing unit (GPU), a processor designed for doing dedicated graphics-rendering computations
Physics processing unit (PPU), a dedicated microprocessor designed to handle the calculations of physics
Digital signal processor (DSP), a specialized microprocessor designed specifically for digital signal processing
Image processor, a specialized DSP used for image processing in digital cameras, mobile phones or other devices
Coprocessor
Floating-point unit
Network processor, a microprocessor specifically targeted at the networking application domain
Multi-core processor, single component with two or more independent CPUs (called "cores") on the same chip carrier or on the same die
Front-end processor, a helper processor for communication between a host computer and other devices
Software
Word processor, a computer application used for the production of potentially printable material
Document processor, a computer application that superficially resembles a word processor—but emphasizes the visual layout of the document's components
Systems
Data processing system, a combination of machines, people, and processes that for a set of inputs produces a defined set of outputs
Information system, a system composed of people and computers that processes or interprets information
Other
Firewood processor, a machine designed to cut and split firewood
Food processor, an appliance used to facilitate repetitive tasks in the preparation of food
See also
Process (disambiguation)
Data processing (disambiguation)
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