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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achtung%20Spitfire%21
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Achtung Spitfire! is a 1997 computer wargame developed by Big Time Software and published by Avalon Hill. It is a turn-based air combat game taking place during the early half of World War II, including fixed-wing aircraft, air battles and operations by Luftwaffe, Royal Air Force and French Air Force in 1939–1943.
Achtung Spitfire! is a prequel to the 1996 computer wargame Over the Reich, which takes place during the latter half of the war. Another game in the series, Third Reich PC, was also released in 1996. Rather than being designed for serious flight simulation experts, Achtung Spitfire! is catered around the interests of all World War II hobbyists.
Gameplay
Players must command a series of pilots as they try to achieve the goals of the current mission. Technological changes over the years of the war result in faster and better planes to fly in. After choosing the pilots, players must defend their own allies, combat enemy fighters and/or bombers, or undertake an interception mission vital to the war effort. The game uses the same flight engine and graphic user interface as Over the Reich, granting the same amount of limited autonomy in every game. Players must watch their speed, torque and altitude. Otherwise, they could stall or simply crash into the ground.
Many of the flying techniques found in the actual World War II cannot be recreated in this game due to in-game limitations. Players cannot do cover fire techniques and are unable to advance fire towards the enemy. The entire game stops at 1943, which is between the Battle of Britain and the Invasion of Normandy. Scenarios can be quickly generated in a method similar to Jane's Advanced Tactical Fighters.
There is a mini-encyclopedia containing vital information about 25 of the aircraft used in this game. Multiplayer gameplay is possible either through either Internet or play by e-mail.
Squadrons which survive until 1943 can be transferred to Over the Reich.
Development
Achtung Spitfire! was developed by Big Time Software and published by Avalon Hill. It was designed by Big Time's Charles Moylan, who had previously created Flight Commander 2 and Over the Reich for Avalon.
Reception
The game received favorable reviews. Critics widely agreed that the game is accessible and easy to play, yet offers a rich spectrum of challenges and strategic possibilities. GameSpot particularly noted the graduated skill system, saying this solves a common problem of wargames by allowing the player the option of gradually easing themselves into the game's mechanics. The large number of available scenarios was also praised, though Computer Games Strategy Plus felt the Battle of Britain campaign to be the highlight. The reviewer called Achtung Spitfire! "a very rich wargame, one in which the player's decisions have an immediate and dramatic effect on the outcome." Next Generation said that the Mac version "isn't breaking new ground, but it is a solid and entertaining game, and a thoughtful diversion fr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes%27s%20cattle%20problem
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Archimedes's cattle problem (or the or ) is a problem in Diophantine analysis, the study of polynomial equations with integer solutions. Attributed to Archimedes, the problem involves computing the number of cattle in a herd of the sun god from a given set of restrictions. The problem was discovered by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing in a Greek manuscript containing a poem of 44 lines, in the Herzog August Library in Wolfenbüttel, Germany in 1773.
The problem remained unsolved for a number of years, due partly to the difficulty of computing the huge numbers involved in the solution. The general solution was found in 1880 by (1845–1916), headmaster of the (Gymnasium of the Holy Cross) in Dresden, Germany. Using logarithmic tables, he calculated the first digits of the smallest solution, showing that it is about cattle, far more than could fit in the observable universe. The decimal form is too long for humans to calculate exactly, but multiple-precision arithmetic packages on computers can write it out explicitly.
History
In 1769, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing was appointed librarian of the Herzog August Library in Wolfenbüttel, Germany, which contained many Greek and Latin manuscripts. A few years later, Lessing published translations of some of the manuscripts with commentaries. Among them was a Greek poem of forty-four lines, containing an arithmetical problem which asks the reader to find the number of cattle in the herd of the god of the sun. It is now generally credited to Archimedes.
Problem
The problem, as translated into English by Ivor Thomas, states:
If thou art diligent and wise, O stranger, compute the number of cattle of the Sun, who once upon a time grazed on the fields of the Thrinacian isle of Sicily, divided into four herds of different colours, one milk white, another a glossy black, a third yellow and the last dappled. In each herd were bulls, mighty in number according to these proportions: Understand, stranger, that the white bulls were equal to a half and a third of the black together with the whole of the yellow, while the black were equal to the fourth part of the dappled and a fifth, together with, once more, the whole of the yellow. Observe further that the remaining bulls, the dappled, were equal to a sixth part of the white and a seventh, together with all of the yellow. These were the proportions of the cows: The white were precisely equal to the third part and a fourth of the whole herd of the black; while the black were equal to the fourth part once more of the dappled and with it a fifth part, when all, including the bulls, went to pasture together. Now the dappled in four parts were equal in number to a fifth part and a sixth of the yellow herd. Finally the yellow were in number equal to a sixth part and a seventh of the white herd. If thou canst accurately tell, O stranger, the number of cattle of the Sun, giving separately the number of well-fed bulls and again the number of females according to each colour, thou wou
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20NFC%20Championship%20Game%20broadcasters
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The following is a list of the television and radio networks and announcers who have broadcast the National Football Conference Championship Game throughout the years. The years listed concentrate on the season instead of the calendar year that the game took place. The forerunner to the NFC Championship Game (prior to the 1970 AFL–NFL merger) was the NFL Championship Game.
Television
2020s
2010s
2000s
Notes
In 2008, Fox's studio show did not go on-site for the first time since 2001. However, Terry Bradshaw left the studios in Los Angeles after the pregame show so he could emcee the trophy presentation.
1990s
1980s
Notes
It is often mistakenly assumed that Pat Summerall and John Madden handled the call on CBS-TV for the 1981 NFC Championship Game, when San Francisco 49ers wide receiver Dwight Clark made "The Catch" to lift the 49ers to a 28–27 victory over the Dallas Cowboys and a berth in Super Bowl XVI. Summerall instead handled the call of the game on CBS Radio with Jack Buck, while Vin Scully and Hank Stram (CBS' "B team" for NFL broadcasts in 1981) called the game on television. Meanwhile, John Madden was off to Detroit to prepare for his Super Bowl telecast with Summerall. Hank Stram returned to his normal position as the color analyst on CBS Radio alongside Buck for the Super Bowl, while Summerall and Madden teamed for the first of eight Super Bowls together.
1970s
Radio
2020s
2010s
2000s
1990s
1980s
1970s
See also
List of Super Bowl broadcasters
List of AFC Championship Game broadcasters
List of NFL Championship Game broadcasters
List of AFL Championship Game broadcasters
References
NFC Championship Game broadcasters
Broadcasters
NFC Championship Game broadcasters
NFC Championship Game broadcasters
CBS Radio Sports
NBC Radio Sports
Westwood One
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOFEL
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(stands for SOFtware Engineering Laboratory) is a Japanese information technology company involved with business application systems development, multimedia service and system development, and the development of RFID services and systems. It was established in May 1979 to provide software such as COMPS to their major clients.
The company was briefly involved with video games in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It produced games for the Nintendo Entertainment System, Super Nintendo Entertainment System, and Game Boy. Its best-known games include Casino Kid and Wall Street Kid.
External links
Official SOFEL Website (Japan)
Video game companies of Japan
Software companies based in Tokyo
Engineering companies based in Tokyo
Software companies established in 1979
Radio-frequency identification
Japanese companies established in 1979
Japanese brands
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20AFC%20Championship%20Game%20broadcasters
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The following is a list of the television and radio networks and announcers who have broadcast the American Football Conference Championship Game throughout the years. The years listed concentrate on the season instead of the calendar year that the game took place. The forerunner to the AFC Championship Game (prior to the 1970 AFL–NFL merger) was the AFL Championship Game.
Television
2020s
2010s
2000s
1990s
1980s
1970s
Radio
2020s
2010s
2000s
1990s
1980s
1970s
See also
List of Super Bowl broadcasters
List of NFC Championship Game broadcasters
List of AFL Championship Game broadcasters
List of NFL Championship Game broadcasters
References
Lists of National Football League announcers
Broadcasters
American Football League announcers
CBS Sports
CBS Radio Sports
Westwood One
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun%20Fire%2015K
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The Sun Fire 15K (codenamed Starcat) was an enterprise-class server computer from Sun Microsystems based on the SPARC V9 processor architecture. It was announced on September 25, 2001, in New York City, superseding the Sun Enterprise 10000. General availability was in January 2002; the last to be shipped was in May 2005.
The Sun Fire 15K supported up to 106 UltraSPARC III processors (up to 1.2 GHz), or 72 UltraSPARC IVs (up to 1.35 GHz) installed across 18 system boards (Uniboards, containing CPU sockets and RAM slots). With the UltraSPARC III, Sun supported up to 17 dual-socket "MaxCPU" processor cards in place of I/O mezzanine cards, a configuration not supported with UltraSPARC IV. Maximum physical RAM per system is 576 GB. A maximum of 72 PCI I/O slots are available.
The system can be divided into a maximum of 18 secure independent domains, each of which is a separate machine with its own filesystems, root password and the ability to run different versions of Solaris. The E15k, along with other enterprise Sun servers, has the Dynamic Reconfiguration feature: administrators could dynamically change the assignment of RAM and processors to the different domains to meet changes in business needs. In addition, the 15K contains two system controllers (duplicated for redundancy), which are embedded SPARC computers running Solaris and used to manage the 15K and perform tasks such as booting and shutting down domains and assigning Uniboards to domains. The 15K contains minimal storage in itself (only system controller boot disks); it is connected via SAN to a separate storage array.
Sun Fire 12K
The Sun Fire 12K (codenamed Starkitty), was a reduced configuration version of the 15K, introduced in April 2002. It supported a maximum of 52 processors, and was intended to fill a position in Sun's server product line between the 15K and the Sun Fire 6800.
Sun Fire E25K
The Sun Fire E25K (codenamed Amazon 25; the "E" denoting "Enterprise") was announced in February 2004. Its base cabinet is identical to the 15K, with the only difference between the two systems being the processor boards installed. It reached end-of-life in January, 2009, and was superseded by the Sun SPARC Enterprise M9000 server.
The E25K supports up to 72 dual-core UltraSPARC IV+ processors (up to 1.95 GHz). As with UltraSPARC IV-based 15K systems, the "MaxCPU" option was not offered for E25K systems. Overall system bandwidth is claimed as up to 172.8 GB/s aggregate, up to 115.2 GB/s peak, and up to 43.2 GB/s sustained. For overall I/O bandwidth, up to 35.8-GB/s sustained. Up to 64 GB of RAM per board is possible with a maximum of 1.15 TB of RAM for a single domain. Up to 72 hot swappable PCI-X I/O slots; 54 slots are 90 MHz, 18 slots are 33 MHz. It also supports 10/100 BaseT Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, UltraSCSI (LVD and HVD), ATM, FC-AL, HSI and SCI.
References
EOL product page for Sun Fire E25K Server from a copy of old www.sun.com website
Fire 15K
SPARC microprocessor products
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20One%20Where%20Ross%20Got%20High
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"The One Where Ross Got High" is the ninth episode of Friends sixth season. It first aired on the NBC network in the United States on November 25, 1999.
Plot
Monica, preparing the group's Thanksgiving Day dinner, receives a phone call from her and Ross's parents Jack and Judy, who are planning to join them. Chandler is astonished to discover that she has not told them yet that he has moved in with her: she has avoided it because they do not like him. Chandler promises to win them over as best he can. Joey's new roommate, Janine, invites him and Ross to celebrate Thanksgiving with her friends, most of whom are attractive female dancers like her. Monica refuses to let them go, as they had earlier promised to spend Thanksgiving in her apartment, and Joey mopes around the apartment for the rest of the evening.
When Jack and Judy arrive, Phoebe is disturbed to discover she has a crush on Jack after a dream she had about him several days ago. Chandler's attempts to charm Jack and Judy fall flat, but Ross figures out the source of their dismay when Judy sneaks in a comment that Chandler is probably stoned again. During his college years, Ross once tried marijuana; when his parents walked in on him, he claimed that Chandler had been smoking, and had just jumped out the window. Chandler and Monica demand he set the situation right, but he keeps avoiding it for most of the evening.
Rachel has been asked to make a dessert this year, despite her lack of success at culinary endeavors. She has chosen to make a traditional English trifle, which involves many layers of ladyfingers, jam, custard (made from scratch), raspberries, and beef sauteed with peas and onions, topped with bananas and cream. The beef in the trifle concerns Ross and Joey, who discover that two of the pages in Monica's cookbook are stuck together, and her English trifle is actually half shepherd's pie. Rachel does not realize her mistake when she confuses a minced meat pie for a mince pie. Not wanting Rachel to begin again and delay their date with Janine's friends, Ross and Joey decide to convince everyone to pretend her "beef-custard thing" is actually delicious so as not to hurt her feelings. In an attempt to distract Rachel with conversation, Ross is misconstrued with trying to get back together with her, and Joey offers acting advice, but actually turns out to like the dish. Phoebe is unable to eat the dessert because she is a vegetarian and heads to Rachel's old bedroom to take a nap, which forces up a new dream in which Jack cheats on her, and she is swept off her feet by Jacques Cousteau instead. The others all make excuses to eat their portions in locations that will allow them to dispose of the mess discreetly, while Ross devours his portion to stop Rachel realizing how bad it is.
After Ross again tries to get out of telling his parents the truth, Monica takes matters into her own hands. This leads to a barrage of shouted revelations, ranging from childhood grievances to the fac
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnix
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Finnix is a Debian-based Live CD operating system, developed by Ryan Finnie and intended for system administrators for tasks such as filesystem recovery, network monitoring and OS installation. Finnix is a relatively small distribution, with an ISO download size of approximately 100 MiB, and is available for the x86 and PowerPC architectures, and paravirtualized (User Mode Linux and Xen) systems. Finnix can be run off a bootable CD, a USB flash drive, a hard drive, or network boot (PXE).
History
Finnix development first began in 1999, making it one of the oldest Linux distributions released with the intent of being run completely from a bootable CD (the other Live CD around at the time was the Linuxcare Bootable Business Card CD, first released in 1999). Finnix 0.01 was based on Red Hat Linux 6.0, and was created to help with administration and recovery of other Linux workstations around Finnie's office. The first public release of Finnix was 0.03, and was released in early 2000, based on an updated Red Hat Linux 6.1. Despite its 300 MiB ISO size and requirement of 32 MiB RAM (which, given RAM prices and lack of high-speed Internet proliferation at the time, was prohibitive for many), Finnix enjoyed moderate success, with over 10,000 downloads. After version 0.03, development ceased, and Finnix was left unmaintained until 2005.
On 23 October 2005, Finnix 86.0 was released. Earlier unreleased versions (84, and 85.0 through 85.3) were "Knoppix remasters", with support for Linux LVM and dm-crypt being the main reason for creation. However, 86.0 was a departure from Knoppix, and was derived directly from the Debian "testing" tree.
Usage
Finnix is released as a small bootable CD ISO. A user can download the ISO, burn the image to CD, and boot into a text mode Linux environment. Finnix requires at least 32 MiB RAM to run properly, but can use more if present. Most hardware devices are detected and dealt with automatically, such as hard drives, network cards and USB devices. A user can modify files nearly anywhere on the running CD via a union mount filesystem (UnionFS or AUFS, depending on the Finnix release), stacking a read-write filesystem (in this case, a dynamic ramdisk) on top of a read-only filesystem (the CD media). Any changes made during the Finnix session are transparently written to RAM and discarded upon shutdown. In addition, Finnix uses SquashFS to keep distribution size low.
Finnix can be run completely within RAM, provided the system has at least 192 MiB RAM available. If a "toram" option is passed to Finnix, most of the contents of the CD are copied to a RAM disk, and the CD is ejected, freeing the CD-ROM drive for other purposes. Finnix can also be placed on a bootable USB thumb drive, or installed permanently on a hard drive (though still functioning as if it were a LiveCD).
Finnix is available for several processor architectures. The primary architecture is x86, with an additional x86-64 kernel included. PowerPC support
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supplicant%20%28computer%29
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In computer networking, a supplicant is an entity at one end of a point-to-point LAN segment that seeks to be authenticated by an authenticator attached to the other end of that link. The IEEE 802.1X standard uses the term "supplicant" to refer either to hardware or to software. In practice, a supplicant is a software application installed on an end-user's computer. The user invokes the supplicant and submits credentials to connect the computer to a secure network. If the authentication succeeds, the authenticator typically allows the computer to connect to the network.
A supplicant, in some contexts, refers to a user or to a client in a network environment seeking to access network resources secured by the IEEE 802.1X authentication mechanism. But saying "user" or "client" over-generalizes; in reality, the interaction takes place through a personal computer, an Internet Protocol (IP) phone, or similar network device. Each of these must run supplicant software that initiates or reacts to IEEE 802.1X authentication requests for association.
Overview
Businesses, campuses, governments and all other social entities across-the-board in need of security may resort to the use of IEEE 802.1X authentication to regulate users access to their corresponding network infrastructure. And to enable this, client devices need to meet supplicant definition in order to gain access. In businesses, for example, it is very common that employees will receive their new computer with all the necessary settings appropriately set for IEEE 802.1X authentication, in particular when connecting wirelessly to the network.
Access
For a supplicant-capable device to gain access to the secured resources on a network, some preconditions should be observed and a context that will make this feasible. The network to which the supplicant needs to interact with must have a RADIUS Server (also known as an Authentication Server or an Authenticator), a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server if automatic IP address assignment is needed, and in certain configurations, an Active Directory domain controller. The domain controller is particularly needed in Microsoft environments when using Microsoft's Internet Authentication Service (IAS) or Network Policy Server (NPS) software to provide RADIUS services from the Authentication Server.
Supplicant list
Supplicants include but are not limited to:
Windows 2000/XP built in
Windows 2000 Service Pack 4
Windows XP Service Pack 2
Mac OS X built in ("Internet Connect" utility)
OS 10.3 or higher
AnyConnect Network Access Manager
Odyssey
SecureW2
wpa_supplicant
Xsupplicant
Mechanism
One aspect of reality a user needs to understand and, more likely comply with the network administrator is the use of user name and password, or a MAC address as the minimum that will be required for account setup.
On a Windows machine, taking an example of Windows 8, one should make sure to enable one's client to act as a supplicant by going to the Ne
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X500
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X500 may refer to:
X500 glofiish, a cellphone by former Taiwanese electronics manufacturing company E-TEN
X.500, a series of computer networking standards
X500 (film), a Canadian-Colombian-Mexican coproduced drama film released in 2016
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VB5
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VB5 may refer to:
Visual Basic (classic), a programming language and programming environment
VB5 interface, a telecommunications interface internal to Broadband ISDNs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCN
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PCN or pcn may refer to:
Arts and entertainment
Pennsylvania Cable Network, non-profit cable television network of Pennsylvania, US
Personal Computer News, a defunct computer magazine
PCN (band), a Mexican metal band
Organisations
Partido de Conciliación Nacional, former name of the National Coalition political party in El Salvador
Partidul Comuniştilor (Nepecerişti), the Communist Party in Romania
Science and technology
Process control network, a communications network that transmits instructions and data between control and measurement units and SCADA equipment
Penicillin (PCN)
Pavement classification number, a code classifying types of surface at airports
Polychlorinated naphthalene, an organic pollutant
Potato cyst nematode, an agricultural pest
Program Composition Notation, a language for parallel programming
Polycycnis (Pcn), a genus of orchid
Personal communications network, mobile telephone system, Europe
Other uses
Pecked curvilinear nucleated, in archaeology, a form of prehistoric rock carving
Penalty Charge Notice, a Fixed Penalty Notice issued by parking attendants and other civil enforcement officers
Pitcairn Islands, ISO-3166-1 alpha-3 code
Putnam City North High School
Post Christum natum (modern Latin: p.C.n., "After the Birth of Christ")
Personnel Certification in Non-Destructive Testing, maintained by the BINDT in the UK
Product change notification, document issued by a manufacturers to inform customers about a product change
Paisley Canal railway station (Station code), Paisley, Scotland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixi
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is an online Japanese social networking service. It was founded in 1999 and is owned by Mixi, Inc. (). As of September 2012, Mixi had about 14 million monthly active users, with about 8.6 million of those on smartphones. Mixi, Inc. was founded by Kenji Kasahara in 1999 as a limited liability company and became a Japanese corporation in 2000. The company changed its name to Mixi, Inc. from E-Mercury, Inc. in February 2006 to align its name with the social networking service, and was updated to MIXI, Inc. in 2022. Its headquarters are in Shibuya, Tokyo.
They also publish the popular mobile freemium game Monster Strike, the family photo-sharing app FamilyAlbum, and various other communication services.
Overview
The focus of Mixi is community entertainment, that is, meeting new people based on common interests. Users can send and receive messages, write in a diary, read and comment on others' diaries, organize and join communities, and invite their friends. Research indicates that some users, particularly young women, are more likely to use Mixi to connect in more private ways with close friends, particularly in contrast to perceptions of Facebook as a more public social network.
Registration requires a valid Japanese cellphone number, which bars anyone who is not or has not been a resident of Japan. Since 2012, both Android and iPhone users can apply for a new Mixi account via specific apps made for their devices.
A community is a place for people to share their opinions through an online forum and a way to express tastes and hobbies.
myMixi, or Maimiku for short, means buddy or friend. This is similar to a contact in flickr, or friend on Myspace, and involves an approval process. The maximum possible number of myMixi a user allowed to have is 1,000. Accounts that are marked as tarento or celebrities don't have this limitation.
The word Mixi is a combination of Mix and I, referring to the idea that the user, "I", "mixes" with other users through the service.
"Mixi Station" is an application that detects songs being played in iTunes and Windows Media Player and uploads them automatically to a communally accessible list in the "Music" section, and was implemented late in June 2006. By July 2006, support for Winamp was implemented via a Winamp plugin, which was quickly made official by Mixi.
Batara Eto was the only developer at the start of the social networking site.
Mixi heavily uses open source: Linux, Apache, MySQL, and Perl. It uses several hundred MySQL servers. Mixi also uses Tokyo Cabinet NoSQL database.
A term "Mixi Fatigue ()" has been coined to describe the feeling of becoming tired of Mixi, voicing a desire to discontinue using the service, and finally deciding to terminate an account.
Mixi added the feature to upload your own video content, along with the ability to post content from YouTube.
The corporate headquarters are on the seventh floor of the Shibuya Scramble Square (渋谷スクランブルスクエア, JA) in Shibuya, Tokyo.
History
Mixi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweak%20UI
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Tweak UI is a free application, released in 1996 by Microsoft for customizing the Microsoft Windows operating system's user interface. Tweak UI modifies the Windows Registry in the same way as a user could edit it manually with a program such as RegEdit, but provides a simple graphical user interface that does not need knowledge of the registry structure, is quicker and easier to use, and not susceptible to registry damage due to user error.
Tweak UI was formerly downloadable free of charge from Microsoft's website. It is one of Microsoft's many non-supported PowerToys.
History
Tweak UI started as a control panel applet available for download on Microsoft's website, released shortly after the release of Windows 95. It was originally written by Raymond Chen and later included in Microsoft's PowerToys collection, a set of tools developed by Microsoft's Shell Development Team.
An updated version of Tweak UI was included on the installation disc for Windows 98. According to Chen, this was deemed a "disaster" because it resulted in additional work for Microsoft's product-support teams when diagnosing problems.
With the release of Windows XP, the Tweak UI applet was retooled and re-released on Microsoft's website as a separate executable, TweakUI.exe. It was again updated to version 2.10 for Windows XP Service Pack 1 and Windows Server 2003. Chen also wrote an updated Windows Vista version of the utility, but it was not released as it violated the policy of not making available unsupported software.
An unofficial 64-bit version of Tweak UI was created by NeoSmart Technologies for Windows XP Professional x64 Edition.
References
Further reading
Microsoft PowerToys
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GFP-cDNA
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The GFP-cDNA project documents the localisation of proteins to subcellular compartments of the eukaryotic cell applying fluorescence microscopy. Experimental data are complemented with bioinformatic analyses and published online in a database. A search function allows the finding of proteins containing features or motifs of particular interest. The project is a collaboration of the research groups of Rainer Pepperkok at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and Stefan Wiemann at the German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ).
What kinds of experiments are made?
The cDNAs of novel identified Open Reading Frames(ORF) are tagged with Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and expressed in eukaryotic cells. Subsequently, the subcellular localisation of the fusion proteins is recorded by fluorescence microscopy.
Steps:
1. Large-scale cloning
Any large-scale manipulation of ORFs requires cloning technologies which are free of restriction enzymes. In this respect those that utilise recombination cloning (Gateway of Invitrogen or Creator of BD Biosciences) have proved to be the most suitable. This cloning technology is based on recombination mechanisms used by phages to integrate their DNA into the host genome. It allows the ORFs to be rapidly and conveniently shuttled between functionally useful vectors without the need for conventional restriction cloning. In the cDNA-GFP project the ORFs are transferred into CFP/YFP expression vectors. For the localisation analysis both N- and C-terminal fusions are generated. This maximises the possibility of correctly ascertaining the localisation, since the presence of GFP may mask targeting signals that may be present at one end of the native protein.
N-Terminal Fluorescent Fusions
Insert your gene of interest into the MCS upstream of the fluorescent protein gene, and express your gene as a fusion to the N-terminus of the fluorescent protein.
C-Terminal Fluorescent Fusions
Insert your gene of interest into the MCS downstream of the fluorescent protein gene, and express your gene as a fusion to the C-terminus of the fluorescent protein.
2. Transfection of eukaryotic cells, Expression
The fusion vectors are transfected in Vero cells (monkey kidney fibroblasts). Particularly interesting ORFs are also screened for localisation in PC12 cells and hippocampal neurons.
3. Protein localisation
At different time points, the subcellular localisation of the fusion proteins is recorded via fluorescence microscopy. At the end of the live cell imaging, the cells can still be fixed and colocalisation experiments made.
4. Bioinformatic Analysis
As the sequence of the cDNAs is known, bioinformatics can make predictions regarding the localisation and function of the encoded protein. The bioinformatics analysis is facilitated by the bioinformatic search engine Harvester.
5. Assignment of subcellular localization category
Results from the N- and C-terminal fusions are assessed and in turn these data are compared to the bio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bach%27s%20algorithm
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Bach's algorithm is a probabilistic polynomial time algorithm for generating random numbers along with their factorizations, named after its discoverer, Eric Bach. It is of interest because no algorithm is known that efficiently factors numbers, so the straightforward method, namely generating a random number and then factoring it, is impractical.
The algorithm performs, in expectation, O(log n) primality tests.
A simpler, but less efficient algorithm (performing, in expectation, primality tests), is due to Adam Kalai.
Bach's algorithm may theoretically be used within cryptographic algorithms.
Overview
Bach's algorithm produces a number uniformly at random in the range (for a given input ), along with its factorization. It does this by picking a prime number and an exponent such that , according to a certain distribution. The algorithm then recursively generates a number in the range , where , along with the factorization of . It then sets , and appends to the factorization of to produce the factorization of . This gives with logarithmic distribution over the desired range; rejection sampling is then used to get a uniform distribution.
References
Further reading
Bach, Eric. Analytic methods in the Analysis and Design of Number-Theoretic Algorithms, MIT Press, 1984. Chapter 2, "Generation of Random Factorizations", part of which is available online here.
Cryptographic algorithms
Random number generation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronizer%20%28algorithm%29
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In computer science, a synchronizer is an algorithm that can be used to run a synchronous algorithm on top of an asynchronous processor network, so enabling the asynchronous system to run as a synchronous network.
The concept was originally proposed in (Awerbuch, 1985) along with three synchronizer algorithms named alpha, beta and gamma which provided different tradeoffs in terms of time and message complexity. Essentially, they are a solution to the problem of asynchronous algorithms (which operate in a network with no global clock) being harder to design and often less efficient than the equivalent synchronous algorithms. By using a synchronizer, algorithm designers can deal with the simplified "ideal network" and then later mechanically produce a version that operates in more realistic asynchronous cases.
Available synchronizer algorithms
The three algorithms that Awerbuch provided in his original paper are as follows:
Alpha synchronizer: This has low time complexity but high message complexity.
Beta synchronizer: This has high time complexity but low message complexity.
Gamma synchronizer: This provides a reasonable tradeoff between alpha and beta by providing fairly low time and message complexity.
Since the original paper, other synchronizer algorithms have been proposed in the literature.
References
Distributed algorithms
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickelodeon%20%28Scandinavian%20TV%20channel%29
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Nickelodeon is a children's channel broadcasting in Denmark, Norway and Finland. It broadcasts programming from the similarly branded channels in the United Kingdom and the United States as well as a few locally produced programmes.
History
The channel started broadcasting in 1996 as a part of the analogue Viasat package, only broadcasting in the morning, sharing one transponder on Sirius 1 (previously Marcopolo 1) with ZTV and one on TV Sat 2 shared with 3+ and other Danish channels. The official launch was on 1 February 1997. Initially it was only broadcasting for six hours between 7 a.m. and 1 p.m. A few years later, it switched to another transponder, allowing it to broadcast between 6 a.m. and 6 p.m.
Nickelodeon was launched as a free-to-air television channel in Sweden in 2001 and in Finland on 1 September 2007.
On 18 June 2008, a separate channel for Sweden was launched. Nickelodeon Sweden replaced the pan-Nordic channel in all of the country. The pan-Nordic does however continue to be available in Denmark, Finland and Norway.
A Danish version, Nickelodeon Denmark, was launched in March 2008. It was launched with VH1 Denmark, which aired Nickelodeon for six hours in the morning. The Pan-Nordic version is still available to Danish satellite viewers.
In 2011, the channel started broadcasting commercials in Norwegian, despite also being available in Denmark and Finland at the time.
On 7 January 2013, Viacom launched a Finnish version of Nick Jr. which replaced Nickelodeon Scandinavia on cable and in the terrestrial network. Nickelodeon Scandinavia continues to be available on satellite in Finland. Also, Nickelodeon continued to be available with a Finnish audio track on the pan-American Pluto TV channel of Nickelodeon Totally Teen.
Nickelodeon Denmark
The channel was launched on 15 March 2008 with the launch of VH1 Denmark, where it was broadcast between 6:00 am and 12:00 pm. From 1996 to 2008, Denmark had been served by the pan-Nordic Nickelodeon Scandinavia. The Pan-Nordic channel continues to be available on satellite. VH1 stopped simulcasting Nickelodeon around New Year's Eve 2008/2009, which meant that the two channels had their own frequencies in analogue cable networks such as YouSee and Telia Stofa, where Nickelodeon would now be available between 6:00 am and 6:00 pm.
On 1 September 2009 the channel started broadcasting between 5:00 am and 7:00 pm The channel has been available on the digital terrestrial Boxer TV platform since November 2009. Nickelodeon was one of the least watched children's channels in Denmark in 2008, with a viewing share of 0.3 percent among 3-11 year olds. It was surpassed by Disney Channel (15.7 percent share), Cartoon Network (12.0), Toon Disney (2.2), Jetix (2.1) and Playhouse Disney (2.1), with only Boomerang and Nickelodeon's satellite version having a smaller share of the children channels in Denmark.
Broadcast
Most cartoons are dubbed into local languages, and separate audio tracks are availabl
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net%20TV
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Net TV may refer to:
Internet TV, or streaming television
Net TV (Argentina), a TV network
NET (Indonesian TV network)
NET (Maltese TV channel)
Nea Elliniki Tileorasi, now ERT2, a Greek TV network
Net TV Nepal, an online service
New Evangelization Television, or NET-TV, an American Catholic TV network
National Educational Television, an American educational TV network
National Empowerment Television, an American conservative TV network
Nebraska Educational Telecommunications, an American public broadcaster
Nihon Educational Television, former name of Japanese TV network TV Asahi
Sociedad Gestora de Televisión Net TV, a Spanish digital terrestrial TV licensee
See also
Netti (disambiguation)
Netty (disambiguation)
WNET, an American TV channel owned by WNET (formerly Educational Broadcasting Corporation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KWDK
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KWDK (channel 56) is a religious television station licensed to Tacoma, Washington, United States, broadcasting the Daystar Television Network to the Seattle area. The station is owned and operated by Community Television Educators, Inc., a subsidiary of Daystar parent company Word of God Fellowship. KWDK's transmitter is located on West Tiger Mountain near Issaquah.
History
On July 17, 1992, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) issued a construction permit for channel 56 and call letters KWDK, to Christopher J. Racine. The license of the unbuilt station was sold to Puget Sound Educational TV, Inc. on October 6, 1999. KWDK signed on the air September 6, 2000, broadcasting the Daystar network.
KWDK was not the first station to broadcast on channel 56 in Tacoma. The Clover Park School District used the allocation to broadcast from Lakewood as public television station KPEC-TV from April 1960 to January 1976. It was effectively replaced when the school board purchased the transmitter facility and license of KTVW, a commercial station on VHF channel 13 in Tacoma, and moved its operation there as KCPQ in January 1976, shuttering the less powerful channel 56. The school board then sold the station in 1980, at which time it reverted to private commercial broadcasting.
On April 22, 2005, KWDK filed an application with the FCC for authorization to cease analog broadcasting and surrender its license for channel 56 prior to the end of the digital TV transition period, and thereafter operate KWDK-DT as a single channel, digital-only television station on channel 42. The FCC granted this authorization on July 20, 2005.
KWDK apparently ceased analog broadcasting on channel 56 sometime in April 2006. In August 2006, it was verified to be broadcasting on digital channel 42, making KWDK-DT the first digital-only broadcaster in the Seattle–Tacoma market, three years before all analog signals on full power TV stations were discontinued.
Technical information
Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
Analog-to-digital conversion
KWDK shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 56, on June 12, 2009, as part of the federally mandated from analog to digital television. The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 42, using PSIP to display KWDK's virtual channel as 56 on digital television receivers, which was among the high band UHF channels (52–69) that were removed from broadcasting use as a result of the transition.
References
WDK
Television channels and stations established in 2000
2000 establishments in Washington (state)
Daystar Television Network affiliates
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson%20bound
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In applied mathematics, the Johnson bound (named after Selmer Martin Johnson) is a limit on the size of error-correcting codes, as used in coding theory for data transmission or communications.
Definition
Let be a q-ary code of length , i.e. a subset of . Let be the minimum distance of , i.e.
where is the Hamming distance between and .
Let be the set of all q-ary codes with length and minimum distance and let denote the set of codes in such that every element has exactly nonzero entries.
Denote by the number of elements in . Then, we define to be the largest size of a code with length and minimum distance :
Similarly, we define to be the largest size of a code in :
Theorem 1 (Johnson bound for ):
If ,
If ,
Theorem 2 (Johnson bound for ):
(i) If
(ii) If , then define the variable as follows. If is even, then define through the relation ; if is odd, define through the relation . Let . Then,
where is the floor function.
Remark: Plugging the bound of Theorem 2 into the bound of Theorem 1 produces a numerical upper bound on .
See also
Singleton bound
Hamming bound
Plotkin bound
Elias Bassalygo bound
Gilbert–Varshamov bound
Griesmer bound
References
Coding theory
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%20Performance%20FileSystem
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Hi Performance FileSystem (HFS) is a file system used in the HP-UX operating system. It is a variant of the Unix File System.
References
External links
http://www.osdata.com/system/logical/logical.htm
Disk file systems
Computer file systems
HP software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WROL
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WROL is a radio station in the Boston, Massachusetts radio market. The station is owned by Salem Media Group and is located on 950 kHz on the AM dial. Most of WROL's programming is religious including local ministers as well as national radio hosts such as Dr. Charles Stanley, Jay Sekulow and Eric Metaxas. Former WBZ-TV news anchor-turned-minister Liz Walker also has a program on the station. WROL also airs several Irish music blocks on weekends, including the Irish Hit Parade on Saturdays and A Feast of Irish Music on Sundays.
WROL operates with 5000 watts by day but must reduce power to 90 watts at night to protect other stations on 950 kHz. WROL uses a non-directional transmitter located off Route 107 in the Rumney Marsh Reservation in Saugus, Massachusetts. WROL is one of two religious formatted radio stations in the Boston media market owned by Salem Communications; WEZE is the other.
History
WROL's history dates back to 1927 and WBSO, owned by Babson College. The station moved to Boston in 1935 after a sale and became WORL. During the late 1930s, WORL was the first station in Boston to adopt a popular-music format ("The 920 Club", named after the station's former frequency; the title remained even after the move to 950 on March 29, 1941) with disc jockeys spinning the tunes. Although only a daytimer then, WORL built up a following as an entertaining alternative to the daytime programming elsewhere on the Boston radio dial.
The owners, Harold A. Lafount and two others (operating for the interests of Arde Bulova) became embroiled in a long-running dispute with the FCC for having filed false reports regarding ownership and financial structure, and in 1947 their license renewal was rejected. After an appeals process that went to the U.S. Supreme Court, the rejection was upheld. The station, which had stayed on the air via temporary licenses, went off the air on May 30, 1949.
Pilgrim Broadcasting purchased the license and returned the station to the air in October 1950. Later sales led to the station becoming WRYT, with WORL being taken by a station near Orlando, Florida. Carter Broadcasting took over in 1977, and after failing to be able to return the WORL call letters to Boston, settled on WROL. Carter immediately established a religious network with WROL as its flagship, with relays throughout New England. While mostly religious, WROL featured two popular programs during the 1970s and 1980s, a weekday cooking show with longtime Boston radio/TV personality Gus Saunders, and a Saturday block of Irish music featuring John Latchford, and later Paul Sullivan, which remains extremely popular among the region's large Irish-American population. In April 2022, Paul Sullivan celebrated his 40th year as host of the Irish Hit Parade, one of the longest continuous tenures in Boston radio history. In recent years, WROL has expanded Irish music to Sunday afternoons as well.
In 2001, as part of Carter Broadcasting dismantling its network and f
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couples%20Therapy%20%282012%20TV%20series%29
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Couples Therapy is an American reality television show airing on the cable network VH1 that chronicles reality television performers as they receive relationship counseling from psychotherapist Dr. Jenn Mann and her staff. The first season, which consists of eight episodes, premiered March 21, 2012 and featured participants such as rapper DMX and Linda Hogan (ex-wife of wrestler Hulk Hogan). The second season premiered on October 3, 2012, and features Doug Hutchison and his wife, Courtney Stodden. VH1 renewed the show for a sixth season, which premiered October 7, 2015.
Episodes
Cast
Main cast
Dr. Jenn – Dr. Jenn Mann has been a Beverly Hills Marriage, Family, and Child Therapist in private practice for more than twenty years, and is an expert in relationship issues, sex therapy, substance abuse, eating disorders, depression and anxiety. She has appeared on numerous TV shows such as The Oprah Winfrey Show, is a regular on The Today Show, The Early Show, and CNN, and hosts a nightly call-in advice radio show on Sirius XM. She is also a best-selling author, and an award-winning columnist for several magazines.
Dr. Mike Dow – Dow is Mann's Head Counselor. Described by VH1 as "Dr. Jenn's right-hand man", Dr. Mike Dow is a psychotherapist, author, and relationship expert, and the Clinical Director of Therapeutic and Behavioral Services at The Body Well Integrative Medical Center in Los Angeles. He appears regularly on The Dr. Oz Show, Anderson Cooper 360°, and The Rachael Ray Show.
Sarah Michael Novia – Sarah Michael Novia, LPC, DCC a residential treatment counselor at the Couples Center, has a private online psychotherapy practice in New Canaan, CT, specializing in discreet solution-focused brief therapy. She often appears as a psychological expert for television/talk/radio shows and she has a long history of working with those struggling with relationship issues, including many actors, musicians and athletes.
Gabrielle Moore – Gabrielle Moore, M.A., a residential treatment counselor at the Couples Center, is in the last year of her Couple & Family Therapy Doctoral program, and is currently an intern at a nonprofit agency in Los Angeles, CA. Her practice focuses on treating a wide variety of couples and couple issues, as well as individuals with problematic romantic and interpersonal relationships.
Keisha Downy – Keisha Downey, Ed.D., MFTI, a residential treatment counselor at the Couples Center, has a private psychotherapy practice in Beverly Hills, CA, where she specializes in working with adults, couples, families, and teenagers. She recently obtained her Doctorate with a concentration in Counseling Psychology and has years of experience helping individuals regain their self-identity.
Rachel Clark – Rachel Clark was a residential treatment counselor for the first two seasons at the Couples Center and a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. She also runs a private practice in the Orange County and Los Angeles area, and is a motivational speake
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansarovar%2C%20Navi%20Mumbai
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Mansarovar is one of the recently developed nodes of Navi Mumbai, and is also a Mansarovar railway station on the harbour line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network.
This station is near to Kamothe. Kamothe is old name and now its new name is "Mansarovar" which is being developed by CIDCO, almost all constructions are residential and commercial. This area offers good connectivity with Navi Mumbai and Panvel.
Navi Mumbai
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khandeshwar
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Khandeshwar is one of the recently developed nodes of Navi Mumbai and is located in Raigad district. It has a railway station on the harbour line of the Mumbai suburban railway network. It is also connected by the Navi Mumbai Metro.
Khandeshwar is a rapidly developing city. Government is making the second International Airport in Mumbai Metropolitan Region and first in Navi Mumbai and trying to connect this airport to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport that is Terminal 2 by metro rail.
Khandeshwar also has a temple of God Shiva. Devotees from many places come here for the fair on Maha Shivaratri.
References
Navi Mumbai
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza%20Genome%20Sequencing%20Project
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The Influenza Genome Sequencing Project (IGSP), initiated in early 2004, seeks to investigate influenza evolution by providing a public data set of complete influenza genome sequences from collections of isolates representing diverse species distributions.
The project is funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), a division of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and has been operating out of the NIAID Microbial Sequencing Center at The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR, which in 2006 became The Venter Institute).
Sequence information generated by the project has been continually placed into the public domain through GenBank.
Origins
In late 2003, David Lipman, Lone Simonsen, Steven Salzberg, and a consortium of other scientists wrote a proposal to begin sequencing large numbers of influenza viruses at The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR). Prior to this project, only a handful of flu genomes were publicly available. Their proposal was approved by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and would later become the IGSP. New technology development led by Elodie Ghedin began at TIGR later that year, and the first publication describing > 100 influenza genomes appeared in 2005 in the journal Nature
Research goals
The project makes all sequence data publicly available through GenBank, an international, NIH-funded, searchable online database.
This research helps to provide international researchers with the information needed to develop new vaccines, therapies and diagnostics, as well as improve understanding of the overall molecular evolution of Influenza and other genetic factors that determine their virulence. Such knowledge could not only help mitigate the impact of annual influenza epidemics, but could also improve scientific knowledge of the emergence of pandemic influenza viruses.
Results
The project completed its first genomes in March 2005 and has rapidly accelerated since. By mid-2008, over 3000 isolates had been completely sequenced from influenza viruses that are endemic in human ("human flu") avian ("bird flu") and swine ("swine flu") populations, including many strains of H3N2 (human), H1N1 (human), and H5N1 (avian).
Affiliations
The project is funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) which is a component of the NIH, which is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services.
The IGSP has expanded to include a growing list of collaborators, who have contributed both expertise and valuable collections of influenza isolates. Key early contributors included Peter Palese of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, Jill Taylor of the Wadsworth Center at the New York State Department of Health, Lance Jennings of Canterbury Health Laboratories (New Zealand), Jeff Taubenberger of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (who later moved to NIH), Richard Slemons of Ohio State University and Rob Webster of St. Jude's Children's Hospit
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Buell%20Sprague
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William Buell Sprague (October 16, 1795 Andover, Connecticut - May 7, 1876 Flushing, New York) was an American Congregational and Presbyterian clergyman and compiler of Annals of the American Pulpit (nine volumes, 1857–1869), a comprehensive biographical dictionary of the leading American Protestant Christian ministers who died before 1850.
Biography
He was educated at Yale under Timothy Dwight IV, graduating in 1815, then studied at Princeton Theological Seminary under Dr. Archibald Alexander and Samuel Miller. He became assistant to Rev. Joseph Lathrop at the West Springfield, Massachusetts, Congregational church in 1819. The following year, when Lathrop died after sixty years as pastor there, Sprague became senior minister and served there nine more years. Thereafter, he accepted a call to pastor the Second Presbyterian Church, Albany, New York, where Edward Norris Kirk had been an assistant, and where Sprague ministered for forty years. Sprague wrote numerous books, including Lives of Rev. Edward Dorr Griffin, D. D, (1838), Timothy Dwight (1845), and Rev. Jedidiah Morse (1874), his greatest contribution to literature being his Annals of the American Pulpit, an invaluable compilation of Trinitarian Congregationalist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Methodist, Episcopalian, Unitarian Congregationalist, and other biographies. Although no edition of his collected works ever was published, Sprague's published individual sermons, discourses, and addresses in pamphlet form exceed 150 in number.
Sprague was also a collector of historical documents and pamphlets and became the first person ever to gather a complete set of the autographs of the signers of the United States Declaration of Independence. He completed this task by February, 1833, according to correspondence with friend Jared Sparks at about that time. He also gathered a collection of the signatures of all of the members of the Convention which framed the Constitution of the United States in 1787, and a complete set of the autographs of the presidents of the United States and all the officers of the United States government during the administrations of Presidents Washington, John Adams, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe and John Quincy Adams. This latter collection included signatures of the presidents, vice presidents, all the members of the Cabinet, and all of the justices of the United States Supreme Court and all of the foreign ministers. Further, he collected the signatures of all the military officers involved in the American Revolutionary War, from all nations, during the whole war. He collected signatures of great men of the Reformation and great skeptics. He even owned a copy of the autograph of Saint Augustine. He was America's foremost philographer by the time of his death. His autographs, numbering nearly 100,000, probably the largest private collection in the world at that time, were left to his son.
He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1846.
He was married
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skycam
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Skycam is a computer-controlled, stabilized, cable-suspended camera system. The system is maneuvered through three dimensions in the open space over a playing area of a stadium or arena by computer-controlled cable-drive system. It is responsible for bringing video game–like camera angles to television sports coverage. The camera package weighs less than and can travel at .
History
Skycam was invented by Garrett Brown (also the inventor of the Steadicam) in the early 1980s. The patent for Skycam was assigned to Skycam, Inc. In 2004, Skycam, Inc. was acquired by Winnercomm, Inc. In 2009, Winnercomm was acquired by Outdoor Channel Holdings, Inc., parent company of the Outdoor Channel. In 2013, Outdoor Channel was acquired by Kroenke Sports & Entertainment.
In 2015, a federal lawsuit was filed by Nic Salomon, the former President of Skycam, claiming intentional interference with contractual relations related to the 2013 acquisition by Kroenke Sports & Entertainment. The case was allowed to proceed by the court in the Northern District of Texas in August 2017. It was then dismissed in February 2019, weeks before a jury trial. In March 2019, Salomon appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. In April 2021, the Court of Appeals ruled in Kroenke Sports' favor.
Despite the dispute, Skycam remains an important technology for the presentation of football content.
Usage
While "Skycam" is a registered trademark, the term "Skycam" is often used generically for cable-suspended camera system, and competing systems like CableCam (invented by Jim Rodnunsky but also a subsidiary of Kroenke Sports & Entertainment, LLC), Spidercam and Robycam 3D. Systems like it have been in limited use since the mid-1980s when the technology was first patented, but until the mid-1990s progress was slow due to limitations in computer and servo motor technology as well as cost (a 2001 estimate pegged the cost to use the Skycam at $30,000 per event). All of these systems began seeing more widespread use in the 21st century.
American football
Skycam was first publicly used in fall 1984, at a preseason National Football League (NFL) game in San Diego between the Chargers and 49ers, televised by CBS. NBC debuted the first wire-flown remote-controlled camera used in sports coverage at the 1985 Orange Bowl.
The XFL was one of the first leagues to make extensive use of the Skycam as a primary camera angle for broadcasts when it debuted in spring 2001. Traditional camera angles were used more prominently after the first week of play; the "Xcam" (as it was known in that league's broadcasts) remained in regular use throughout the rest of the season.
ESPN first used Skycam in 2001 for an NFL pre-season telecast and then consistently in 2002 for Sunday Night Football broadcasts. Since then, ESPN and sister-network ABC have made widespread use of Skycam for NCAA football, Monday Night Football, and Super Bowl XXXVII. The networks have regularly offered a Sk
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papatoetoe%20railway%20station
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Papatoetoe railway station is on the Southern Line and Eastern Line of the Auckland railway network in New Zealand. It is between Station Road and Shirley Road, across the street from Papatoetoe West School, and has an island platform layout.
History
Papatoetoe was originally called Papatoitoi, a corruption of its true name. The name was corrected in 1907, by the New Zealand Railways Department, because of the obvious discrepancy with the town it served, which has always been spelt as "Papatoetoe".
The station was first opened in 1875, at a site near the modern-day Station Road bridge. In 1919, the station building was substantially extended. The station building was closed in 1987, and removed from the site in 1999.
In 2005, the 1920 railway pedestrian bridge was moved from the site, becoming the Aerovista Footbridge along the Puhinui Creek in Wiri.
Old station building
The old station building, restored by the Papatoetoe Railway Station Preservation Trust, was moved to the corner of Station Road, Shirley Road, Tavern Lane & St George Street and repurposed into a café, opening on 31 October 2004. Parts of this building dated back to 1875.
The old station is an integral part of the area's history, with Old Papatoetoe developing as a commercial centre.
Timeline
Services
Auckland One Rail, on behalf of Auckland Transport, operates suburban services to Britomart, Manukau, Papakura and Pukekohe via Papatoetoe. The typical weekday off-peak timetable is:
6 tph to Britomart, consisting of:
3 tph via Glen Innes (Eastern Line)
3 tph via Penrose and Newmarket (Southern Line)
3 tph to Manukau
3 tph to Papakura
Bus routes 31, 36 and 313 serve Papatoetoe station.
See also
List of Auckland railway stations
Public transport in Auckland
References
Brochure from the Papatoetoe Railway Station Preservation Trust
External links
Stations on the Move – includes Papatoetoe Station
Buildings and structures in Auckland
Rail transport in Auckland
Railway stations in New Zealand
Ōtara-Papatoetoe Local Board Area
Railway stations in New Zealand opened in 1875
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video%20Village
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Video Village is an American television game show produced by Heatter-Quigley Productions, which aired on the CBS network in daytime from July 11, 1960, to June 15, 1962, and in primetime from July 1 to September 16, 1960. It was notable for the use of its unique "living board game" concept and for premiering soon after the quiz show scandals.
Personnel
Jack Narz served as the host (introduced on-air as "the Mayor") from the show's premiere until September 9, 1960, after which he departed for personal reasons. Red Rowe filled in as Mayor for the week of September 16 (including the final nighttime episode); the following Monday, Monty Hall replaced Narz and hosted through the remainder of the show's run.
Kenny Williams served as the announcer (the "town crier") throughout the show's run. Joanne Copeland (later to become the second Mrs. Johnny Carson) served as the show's original hostess during the time it originated from New York City. Shortly after Hall joined the show and Heatter-Quigley moved it to CBS Television City in Hollywood, California, Copeland was replaced by Eileen Barton.
Rules
Two contestants played the role of tokens on a human-sized game board with three streets: Money Street, Bridge Street, and Magic Mile. Players advanced according to the roll of a large six-sided die in a chuck-a-luck, rolled on the sidelines by a partner (almost always a spouse or boyfriend/girlfriend) and called out by announcer Williams. After Video Village moved to California, the die was replaced by an electric randomizer. Any time players landed on the space their opponent was on, they could either take an extra turn or force their opponent to return to the beginning of that street.
The squares changed throughout the show's run, but some of the more notable ones included:
Money squares: Located on Money Street, contestants received $5–$20 depending on the space.
Bus Stop, Do It Yourself and Take A Chance: Players landing on any one of these spaces must draw a card and follow the instructions written on the card.
Jail: Located between Money Street and Bridge Street, contestants could be sent here either by landing on a "Go to Jail" space or drawing a card that instructed them to do so. To get out, the contestants had to successfully predict whether their roll would be either even or odd.
Ask the Council: Located on Money Street and Magic Mile, the contestant was asked a humorous, open-ended question. He/she won cash if the audience — acting as the "council" — was judged to agree.
Finders Keepers: The first player to land on this space received a prize.
Shops: Located on the Magic Mile, these were five themed "stores" (Bank, Appliance Store, Jewelry Store, etc.), which each contained a prize. The first contestant to land on the store's space won that prize.
Safety Zone: Any players landing here are safe from any penalty imposed by their opponent.
1-2-3 Go: Any player landing on this space remained on it until getting a 1, 2, or 3.
Exchange Place
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction%20to%20Automata%20Theory%2C%20Languages%2C%20and%20Computation
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Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation is an influential computer science textbook by John Hopcroft and Jeffrey Ullman on formal languages and the theory of computation. Rajeev Motwani contributed to later editions beginning in 2000.
Nickname
The Jargon File records the book's nickname, Cinderella Book, thusly: "So called because the cover depicts a girl (putatively Cinderella) sitting in front of a Rube Goldberg device and holding a rope coming out of it. On the back cover, the device is in shambles after she has (inevitably) pulled on the rope."
Edition history and reception
The forerunner of this book appeared under the title Formal Languages and Their Relation to Automata in 1968. Forming a basis both for the creation of courses on the topic, as well as for further research, that book shaped the field of automata theory for over a decade, cf. (Hopcroft 1989).
The first edition of Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation was published in 1979, the second edition in November 2000, and the third edition appeared in February 2006. Since the second edition, Rajeev Motwani has joined Hopcroft and Ullman as the third author. Starting with the second edition, the book features extended coverage of examples where automata theory is applied, whereas large parts of more advanced theory were taken out. While this makes the second and third editions more accessible to beginners, it makes it less suited for more advanced courses. The new bias away from theory is not seen positively by all: As Shallit quotes one professor, "they have removed all good parts." (Shallit 2008).
The first edition in turn constituted a major revision of a previous textbook also written by Hopcroft and Ullman, entitled Formal Languages and Their Relation to Automata. It was published in 1968 and is referred to in the introduction of the 1979 edition.
In a personal historical note regarding the 1968 book, Hopcroft states: "Perhaps the success of the book came from our efforts to present the essence of each proof before actually giving the proof" (Hopcroft 1989). Compared with the forerunner book, the 1979 edition was expanded, and the material was reworked to make it more accessible to students, cf. (Hopcroft 1989).
This gearing towards understandability at the price of succinctness was not seen positively by all. As Hopcroft reports on feedback to the overhauled 1979 edition: "It seems that our attempts to lower the level of our presentation for the benefit of students by including more detail and explanations had an adverse effect on the faculty, who then had to sift through the added material to outline and prepare their lectures" (Hopcroft 1989).
Still, the most cited edition of the book is apparently the 1979 edition: According to the website CiteSeerX,
over 3000 scientific papers freely available online cite this edition of the book.
See also
Introduction to the Theory of Computation by Michael Sipser, another standard textb
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpareMiNT
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SpareMiNT is a software distribution based on FreeMiNT, which consists of a MiNT-like operating system (OS) and kernel plus GEM compatible AES (Application Environment Services).
Features and compatibility
The English language distribution is intended for the Atari ST and derivative m68k computers, clones and emulators, such as the FireBee project or Hatari and ARAnyM. The MiNT itself, also once called MultiTOS, provided an Atari TOS compatible OS replacement with multitasking and multi-user switching capabilities and Unix-like operation, all of which the original TOS lacked.
The distribution comes with Red Hat's rpm utility for managing the source- and binary packages. Unix/Linux-style software can be used, if ported, GEM-programs for TOS can run concurrently. The TOS clone EmuTOS, instead of Atari's original, can be used as a base to boot a MiNT, and e.g. XaAES, a modern AES derivate, as essential part of the GEM-GUI (Graphical user interface).
FreeMiNT, and therefore SpareMiNT, is basically the enhanced and greatly improved derivate, and can be used on today's computers, even on different hardware platforms via emulation or Virtual Machines, thanks to the flexibility of the original MiNT and its components that made further development possible.
Comparable Distributions
EasyMiNT
Derived from SpareMiNT is EasyMiNT, using its software repository and a GEM based installer, providing a folder system similar to the UNIX Filesystem Hierarchy Standard and German language translations to programs.
AFROS
AFROS (Atari FRee Operating System) comes as a set of files, creating a TOS compatible operating system; there exists a Live-CD to test. Its key components all consist of Free Software:
EmuTOS and FreeMiNT; fVDI (free Virtual Device Interface), clone of GEM's VDI; XaAES; TeraDesk (Tera Desktop), clone of the original Desktop Filemanager and "shell"
AFROS software is available to all Atari and/or TOS compatible platforms, but is optimized to be used with the ARAnyM (Atari Running on Any Machine) emulator.
Historical Distributions
Amongst other efforts, there also was a basic build of a Debian GNU/MiNT distribution, with a FreeMiNT kernel, GNU based userland software plus DEB package management. It should have provided commonly used programs and was based on Debian Linux. Similar, more successful projects are Debian GNU/kFreeBSD, Debian GNU/Hurd and, most important, the Linux version. SpareMiNT follows the idea to use a Unix/Linux-like package management and software repository.
See also
Atari TOS
EmuTOS
MiNT
Graphics Environment Manager
XaAES
TeraDesk
AFROS
External links
The SpareMiNT Homepage
massi Soft's EasyMiNT
The AFROS Homepage
NoCrew Debian GNU/MiNT Homepage, historical, archived via Web Archive
Atari ST software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DWDB-TV
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DWDB-TV (channel 27) is a television station in Metro Manila, Philippines, serving as the flagship of the GTV network. It is owned and operated by GMA Network, Inc. alongside GMA flagship DZBB-TV (channel 7). Both stations share studios at the GMA Network Center, EDSA corner Timog Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City, while DWDB-TV's hybrid analog and digital transmitting facility is located at the GMA Tower of Power, Tandang Sora Avenue, Barangay Culiat, Quezon City (sharing facilities with sister stations GMA 7 and Barangay LS 97.1).
History
Citynet Television (1995–1999)
DWDB-TV signed on for the first time on August 27, 1995, under the on-air brand Citynet Television 27 (or just Citynet 27). The station was programmed like an independent stationGMA intended Citynet 27 to be its main outlet for imported programming (particularly from the United States), freeing up slots in GMA Network's schedule for more domestic productions. Aside from an English dub of the Hispanic telenovela Ka Ina (produced and broadcast by Venezuelan TV network Venevisión), the only locally produced program on the station was Citynet Television News, a flagship TV news show produced by GMA News and Public Affairs.
EMC 27 / Channel [V] Philippines (1999–2001)
However, by 1999, the costs of operating the station in this format were becoming too high for GMA as well as the intense competition from Studio 23 (later renamed as ABS-CBN Sports and Action in 2014), a UHF television network owned by AMCARA Broadcasting Network and operated by ABS-CBN Corporation. As a result, DWDB was turned into a music channel under the interim branding EMC, the Entertainment Music Channelwhich was also the country's first locally operated music channel. A few months later, GMA reached a deal with Asian broadcaster STAR TV to allow DWDB to be a carrier of Channel V Philippines, which took effect December 19, 1999. GMA had already aired selected Channel V programming from its international version (which made the former VJ's and Filipino descented Trey Farley and Joey Mead familiar to viewers of DWDB). This arrangement did not last longa stake in GMA was recently purchased by the Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company, who already owned MTV Philippines through the Nation Broadcasting Corporation and its parent company MediaQuest Holdings. This conflict of interest, along with the increasing competition from the MTV affiliated network, led to the channel signing-off on July 25, 2001.
QTV
Programming would return to DWDB in 2004 as the relay of GMA-7 Manila with the logo of GMA was covered by the logo of Citynet. In November 2005, the station became a repeater of DZOE 11, which served as the flagship for GMA's newly-secondary national network QTV (or Quality Television, later renamed to just Q). GMA had reached an agreement with its owner ZOE Broadcasting Network to allow GMA to handle programming for the station in exchange for providing upgraded facilities for the broadcaster and airing ZOE-
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive%20wrapper%20class%20in%20Java
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In object-oriented programming, a wrapper class is a class that encapsulates types, so that those types can be used to create object instances and methods in another class that needs those types. So a primitive wrapper class is a wrapper class that encapsulates, hides or wraps data types from the eight primitive data types, so that these can be used to create instantiated objects with methods in another class or in other classes. The primitive wrapper classes are found in the Java API.
Primitive wrapper classes are used to create an that needs to represent primitive types in classes (i.e., in the Java API), in the package and in the reflection package. Collection classes are Java API-defined classes that can store objects in a manner similar to how data structures like arrays store primitive data types like int, double, long or char, etc., but arrays store primitive data types while collections actually store objects.
The primitive wrapper classes and their corresponding primitive types are:
{| class="wikitable"
! Primitive type !! Wrapper class !! Constructor arguments
|-
| byte || || byte or String
|-
| short || || short or String
|-
| int || || int or String
|-
| long || || long or String
|-
| float || || float, double or String
|-
| double || || double or String
|-
| char || || char
|-
| boolean || || boolean or String
|}
The difference between wrapper classes and primitive types
Primitive wrapper classes are not the same thing as primitive types. Whereas variables, for example, can be declared in Java as data types double, short, int, etc., the primitive wrapper classes create instantiated objects and methods that inherit but hide the primitive data types, not like variables that are assigned the data type values.
Therefore, the term Primitive wrapper class does not mean that wrapper classes are primitive types. It should be understood to be a class that wraps primitive types. Wrapper classes can be used to store the same value as of a primitive type variable but the instances/objects of wrapper classes themselves are Non-Primitive. We cannot say that Wrapper classes themselves are Primitive types. They just wrap the primitive types.
The Byte, Short, Integer, Long, Float, and Double wrapper classes are all subclasses of the class.
The wrapper classes BigDecimal and BigInteger are not one of the primitive wrapper classes but are immutable.
Atomic wrapper classes
With Java 5.0, additional wrapper classes were introduced in the package. These classes are mutable and cannot be used as a replacement for the regular wrapper classes. Instead, they provide atomic operations for addition, increment and assignment.
The atomic wrapper classes and their corresponding types are:
{| class="wikitable"
! Primitive type !! Wrapper class
|-
| int ||
|-
| long ||
|-
| boolean ||
|-
| V ||
|}
The AtomicInteger and AtomicLong classes are subclasses of the Number class. The AtomicReference class
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Late%20Shift%20%28book%29
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The Late Shift: Letterman, Leno, and the Network Battle for the Night is a 1994 non-fiction book written by The New York Times media reporter Bill Carter. It chronicles the early 1990s conflict surrounding the American late-night talk show The Tonight Show. The book was later made into a film of the same name by HBO.
Contents
The book chronicles the behind-the-scenes corporate battle surrounding American late-night talk shows, leading up to, and after, Johnny Carson's 1992 retirement as host of NBC's The Tonight Show. The book primarily details the power struggle between David Letterman and Jay Leno to succeed Carson as the "King of Late Night", NBC choosing Leno over Letterman as the next Tonight Show host, and Letterman later moving to rival network CBS.
Cast of characters
The following is a partial list of people featured in the book:
Major principals
Johnny Carson: Host of The Tonight Show from 1962 to 1992.
Jay Leno: Permanent guest host of The Tonight Show since 1987. Chosen by NBC to succeed Carson as host.
David Letterman: Host of NBC's 12:30am show Late Night with David Letterman since 1982. After being bypassed as Carson's successor in favor of Leno, moves to rival network CBS in 1993.
Others
Helen Kushnick: Leno's tough manager who helps him secure his spot as Carson's successor. Becomes executive producer of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, but her fierce tactics eventually force both NBC and Leno to fire her.
Peter Lassally: Executive producer of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson and later Late Night with David Letterman. Becomes an unofficial counselor to Letterman after Leno is selected to succeed Carson.
Michael Ovitz: Head of the Creative Artists Agency from 1975 to 1995. Hired by Letterman to negotiate his move from NBC to another network, studio, or syndicator (eventually CBS).
Howard Stringer: President of CBS from 1988 to 1995. After several unsuccessful attempts to break NBC's ratings stranglehold on the late night hours, negotiates to bring Letterman to his network.
Brandon Tartikoff: President of NBC's entertainment division from 1981 to 1991. Instrumental in helping to build NBC's 1980s late night lineup of Carson and Letterman, as well as signing Leno to be Carson's permanent guest host in 1987.
Bob Wright: President of NBC from 1986 to 2007. Tries to negotiate to keep Letterman on NBC.
John Agoglia: NBC executive from 1980 to 1998 and supporter of Leno.
Reception
In a review of The Late Shift for The New York Times Book Review, Jon Katz wrote, "[This] is a reporter's book, unfailingly balanced, thoroughly researched, filled with scoops and fresh details. Even though CBS's wooing and winning of Mr. Letterman was the subject of enormous publicity, Mr. Carter's book makes clear that we knew less than we thought about what was really going on." Katz criticized the book for not going into more depth about Letterman's switch to CBS, writing, "As readable as it is, 'The Late Shift' needed to take a more cri
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterprogramming%20%28television%29
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In broadcast programming, counterprogramming is the practice of offering television programs to attract an audience from another television station airing a major event. It is also referred when programmers offer something different from the rival's program as an alternative to increase the audience size.
United States
The main events counterprogrammed in the United States are the Super Bowl, the Oscars, and the Olympic Games.
Super Bowl
The Super Bowl, being among the most watched sports television events in the United States, became a notable target of counterprogramming during the 1990s due to its previous halftime shows; which critics felt were dated and not representative of modern pop culture. During Super Bowl XXVI, Fox aired a live, football-themed episode of In Living Color against halftime (featuring an onscreen countdown clock so fans would know when to switch back to the game); the special drew 22 million viewers; Nielsen estimated that CBS lost 10 ratings points during halftime as a result of the special.
The success of the special alarmed the National Football League, who took steps to increase interest and viewership of the halftime show by inviting major pop musicians to perform, beginning with Michael Jackson at Super Bowl XXVII. This pattern continued until 2005, when an incident at Super Bowl XXXVIII's halftime show where Justin Timberlake exposed one of Janet Jackson's breasts, led to a string of halftime shows with a single, headlining classic rock act (such as the Rolling Stones, Prince, and Bruce Springsteen) in an effort to prevent a repeat of the "wardrobe malfunction" (since Super Bowl XLV, the NFL has returned to inviting pop artists to play halftime). Despite Michael Jackson's performance helping to increase interest in subsequent halftime shows, Fox's success inspired imitators, and influenced other specials such as Animal Planet's annual Puppy Bowl (featuring dogs playing in a model football stadium), and the Lingerie Bowl, a series of pay-per-view broadcasts of all-female football games played in lingerieproving popular enough to be spun off into its own Lingerie Football League.
Under an unsaid gentlemen's agreement, all four major networks (including CBS, Fox, NBC, and ABC, who also alternate airing the Super Bowl on a yearly cycle) will typically not schedule any new programming (nor air counterprogramming) on the night of the Super Bowl. NFL Network suspends programming during the Super Bowl in favor of Super Bowl Game Center, a static screen with the game's radio broadcast and a live scoreboard. Fox provided an exception in 2010 when it aired two new episodes of 'Til Death against Super Bowl XLIV; however, the network had been in the process of burning off the low-rated sitcom in unusual timeslots so its distributor would have enough episodes to syndicate it.
As to preempt the possibility that the 2022 Winter Olympics would counterprogram the game, CBS agreed to swap Super Bowl LVI—which, for the first t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DWLS
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DWLS (97.1 FM), broadcasting as Barangay LS 97.1, is a radio station owned and operated by GMA Network. It serves as the flagship station of Barangay FM. The station's studio is located at the 3rd floor of GMA Network Studio Annex, EDSA corner GMA Network Drive, Diliman, Quezon City, and its transmitter is located at GMA Tower of Power, Brgy. Culiat, Tandang Sora, Quezon City.
Barangay LS is currently held its position as the #1 FM radio station in Metro Manila, according to the Nielsen Radio Audience Measurement survey conducted in the month of June 2023.
History
1955–1986: DZXX/DWXX
It first aired in June 1955, when "Uncle Bob" Stewart opened DZXX-AM 890 kHz station under the control of the Republic Broadcasting System (RBS). DZXX made history as the first pop music station in the country using the AM format, playing both local and international pop music of that era. In 1972, DZXX temporarily shut down due to Martial Law, later it was revived under the label DZXX/DWXX 1000 (Double X) when Hypersonic Broadcasting Corporation owned this station. In 1978, its frequency changed to 1026 kHz (based on GE75). In 1986, NBC acquired and renamed its station to DZAM-AM.
1976–1992: WLS FM/The Giant
In July 1976, GMA launched its third radio station 97.1 WLS FM as an adult standards and jazz station. In 1981, at the height of popularity of pop music, it switched to Adult Top 40 format, with the slogan The Best Music. It was known for playing hourly Beatles music every weekday early mornings, which was later on adopted by 100.3 RJFM. In November 1988, upon the completion of GMA's Tower of Power, WLS earned the brand, The Giant 97.1 WLS FM.
1992–2007: Campus Radio
When GMA was renamed as the "Rainbow Satellite Network" in early 1992, the station was reformatted on April 30, 1992, as Campus Radio 97.1 WLS FM, with a Top 40 format. This was to target teens & early adults. Its notable programs were the longest-running program on the station, the legendary "Top 20 at 12" (anchored by Milo Cavarlez, a.k.a. "The Triggerman," which was first heard on Kiss FM 101.1 (now 101.1 Yes The Best), where the top 20 songs of the day were counted down in the mold of BBC Radio 1's The Official Chart Show at noontime, and "Campus Aircheck", an institution of sorts for aspiring DJs to get hired by Campus Radio, touted as "the first school on the air".
In 1995, when Miguel "Mike" Enriquez took over GMA's radio operations, Campus Radio was reformatted to a contemporary MOR format, earning its slogan "Forever!". At this time, a few programs were introduced, notably the Message Center, wherein one's message must not be a greeting. By the amp of 1999, it shifted back to Top 40. During their heyday as an English-language radio station, they used jingles designed for the station by JAM Creative Productions.
2007–present: Barangay LS
On February 14, 2007, Campus Radio rebranded as Barangay LS 97.1, using its old slogan, "Forever!". It reverts to a masa format. Despite Campus Radi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerBook%20190
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The PowerBook 190 and its companion PowerBook 190cs are laptop computers manufactured by Apple Computer as part of their PowerBook brand, introduced to the market in August 1995. The two models differ only in their screen: the 190 had a 9.5" greyscale display, while the 190cs featured a 10.4" color display. Apple's target sales audience for this model was the college student in need of a no-frills portable computer.
In terms of hardware, along with the PowerBook 150, the 190 has much in common with Apple's "professional" laptop of the same period, the PowerBook 5300 series. In exchange for the cheaper price point (approximately US$2,200 compared to over US$6,000 for the cutting-edge PowerBook 5300ce), the 190 was equipped with a passive matrix LCD rather than a crisper active matrix screen.
More significantly, while the 5300s ran PowerPC 603e processors at 100 or 117 MHz, the 190 had only a Motorola 68LC040 clocked at 33 MHz - in fact, the 190/cs were the last Macintoshes to use a 68k CPU. However, Apple offered a PPC upgrade for the 190, a heavily marketed selling point for all new 68040 Macs at the time. In addition, a rather cramped 500 MB IDE hard drive was standard, and factory models shipped with System 7.5.2.
It is the only one of the 100 series PowerBooks that does not use the original 140 case design (except the PowerBook 100), thus was the only one to include a 68LC040 processor, a trackpad rather than the standard trackball, and along with the 150 the only ones to provide for more than 14 MB RAM expansion and larger, less-expensive IDE drives. The 190 was the de facto replacement for the PowerBook 500 series, which was completely discontinued with the introduction of the 5300 and the only 68040-based PowerBook Apple offered.
Sales figures for the 190 are unavailable, but in any event it did not benefit from reports of "exploding battery syndrome," where the similar 5300 factory-default lithium-ion battery could short-circuit and burst into flames. Apple quickly offered a recall on all such batteries. The PowerBook 190 series used a nickel–metal hydride battery which did not exhibit this problem.
Production of the 190 halted in June 1996, while the 190cs was sold until October of that year, when it was replaced by the PowerBook 1400cs.
Timeline
External links
Apple's datasheets: PowerBook 190, PowerBook 190cs
apple-history.com: PowerBook 190, PowerBook 190cs
190
68k Macintosh computers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Schwartz%20%28futurist%29
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Peter Schwartz (; born 1946) is an American business executive, innovator, author, and co-founder of the Global Business Network (GBN), a corporate strategy firm, specializing in future-think and scenario planning. In 2011, Schwartz became an executive at Salesforce.com, where his roles include Senior Vice President of Strategic Planning and Chief Futures Officer.
Personal history
Schwartz was born in 1946 to Klara and Benjamin Schwartz, Hungarian Jews who had been in concentration camps and were living in a displaced persons camp in Stuttgart, Germany. The family soon moved to Norway, where they lived until he was five. At this point, they emigrated to America as stateless aliens on the S/S Stavangarfjord, arriving at the Port of New York in April 1951 and like nearly all displaced persons were taken to Ellis Island. They found a new home in Haddon Township in Camden County, New Jersey, and Schwartz graduated from Haddonfield Memorial High School in 1964, where he won a National Merit scholarship, and was able to attend Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) on full scholarship. He served as RPI's May commencement speaker for the class of 2009.
According to Stewart Brand, Schwartz was a member of Students for a Democratic Society. After graduating in 1968 with a B.S. in aeronautical engineering, Schwartz taught high school in Philadelphia and worked in the innovative student housing program at UC Davis. In 1970 Schwartz married his first wife, Frances Michener (Funtz), a native Berkeleyan, mountaineer and his first “Remarkable Person”. In 1972 he became an employee at the Stanford Research Institute (SRI), where he began to develop his unique method of scenario planning, and rose to director of the Strategic Environment Center. In 1982, he moved to London to work for Royal Dutch Shell as head of scenario planning. In 1985, while giving a speech at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory of UC Berkeley, he met his future wife, Cathleen Gross. He moved to live with her in Berkeley, California, in 1987. They married and had one child, Benjamin "Books" Schwartz, born in 1990.
He later went on to become a board member of Center for a New American Security.
Writings
Schwartz has written several books, on a variety of future-oriented topics.
His first book, The Art of the Long View (Doubleday, 1991) is considered by many to be the seminal publication on scenario planning. It was voted the best all time book on the future by the Association of Professional Futurists and is used as a textbook by many business schools.
Inevitable Surprises (Gotham, 2003) is a look at the forces at play in today's world, and how they will continue to affect the world.
He also wrote The Long Boom (Perseus, 1999) with co-authors Peter Leyden and Joel Hyatt, which is a book about the future of the global economy.
His book When Good Companies Do Bad Things (Wiley, 1999), is an argument for corporate responsibility in an age of corruption.
China's Futures (Jossey-Bass, 20
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesty%20International%20New%20Zealand
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Amnesty International New Zealand is a part of the Amnesty International network, an international nonprofit organisation working to end human rights abuses. It is one of over 70 nationally organised sections or national offices of the global Amnesty movement.
The first New Zealand Amnesty group was founded in 1965, and the organisation was incorporated in 1966. Since being founded, the organisation has worked to free prisoners of conscience, fight human rights violations around the world, and promote human rights in New Zealand through lobbying and education. It works to achieve human rights for everyone as defined by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international standards for human rights. It now has 9,000 members.
Amnesty International New Zealand acts primarily with a focus on rights within the Asia-Pacific region, and is a consulting member of the Council for International Development and part of the Human Rights Network of Aotearoa New Zealand.
Structure
Amnesty International New Zealand is financially independent from all governments and corporations, funded entirely by individual supporters. The International Movement is made up of 70 “sections” or national offices with 8.5 million fee-paying members. Its Secretariat is based in London although it has many offices around the world. In Asia-Pacific, it has offices in Hong Kong, Bangkok and Colombo.
It is led at the New Zealand national level by the Governance Team; members are elected by members at the Annual General Meeting and help set out policy and strategic goals that guide operations.
Its current chair is Ros Noonan with Heather Hayden its deputy. The immediate past chair, Tiumalu Peter Fa'afiu, was the first Chair of Pacific descent for any Section in the international movement's 52-year history. In August 2019, Peter was appointed Global Director on Amnesty’s International Board making him only the third New Zealander to sit on the IB and the first of Polynesian descent.
The New Zealand office is located in Auckland, and run by Executive Director / CEO, Meg de Ronde. The office comprises a campaigning team, fundraising team, and general operations team, with both paid and volunteer staff.
Campaigns
Current priority campaigns include Crisis Response, Stop Torture, Refugees Crisis, and Individuals at Risk. Amnesty International New Zealand also works to end human rights violations in the Asia-Pacific region and promote human rights awareness in New Zealand.
Crisis Response
Amnesty International Aotearoa New Zealand works to respond to global crises as they occur. Its current campaigns are to end human rights abuses in Israel and Gaza, Syria, Egypt and Central African Republic.
Stop Torture
Amnesty International is working worldwide for governments to end the practice of torture. It is actively lobbying the governments of Mexico, Nigeria and the Philippines to ban torture.
Individuals at Risk
When individuals suffer grave human rights abuses, Amnesty In
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finavia
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Finavia Oyj, formerly the Finnish Civil Aviation Administration, is the public limited company responsible for maintaining and developing Finland's airport network. Finavia manages and develops 20 airports around the country, 18 of which primarily serve commercial flights and 2 of which focus solely on military and general aviation. Finavia is owned by the Finnish Government.
Finavia's headquarters are located on the grounds of Helsinki Airport. Kimmo Mäki started as Finavia's CEO January 1, 2018. The Prime Minister's Office is responsible for Finavia's ownership steering and oversight.
In 2019, 26 million passengers used Finavia's airports, with Helsinki Airport, Finavia's main airport, constituting 21.9 million of those. Helsinki Airport is an important transfer hub in Northern Europe, especially for Asian transfer passengers.
Operations
Finavia's customers are airlines, other operators in the sector, as well as passengers. Finavia's main business units are Helsinki Airport and the airport network in Finland. Finavia's daughter companies are Lentoasemakiinteistöt Oyj, a real estate company and Airpro Oy, a company providing ground services for airports and airlines.
Finavia's main services for airlines and passengers are:
Airports: airport services, maintenance of runways and terminals, ramp handling and security check services.
Real estate operations (through Lentoasemakiinteistöt Oyj): Leasing commercial premises at the airports and in their vicinity.
Ground services and security check services for air traffic (through Airpro Oy).
Finavia used to also take care of Finland's air navigation, which was separated as its own business for Air Navigation Services Finland in the beginning of April, 2017
Network
The airport network supported and developed by Finavia is composed of 20 airports in Finland. Finavia's largest civilian airport by number of passengers is Helsinki Airport (18.9 million passengers in 2017).
Finavia maintains 20 airports in Finland:
Helsinki Airport
Oulu Airport
Rovaniemi Airport
Turku Airport
Vaasa Airport
Kittilä Airport
Tampere Airport
Kuopio Airport
Ivalo Airport
Joensuu Airport
Jyväskylä Airport
Kajaani Airport
Kokkola-Pietarsaari Airport
Mariehamn Airport
Savonlinna Airport
Pori Airport
Kemi-Tornio Airport
Kuusamo Airport
Halli Airport
Utti Airport
Snow removal
Finavia's airports are recognized for their snow removal capacity and expertise on dealing with harsh snow conditions at airports. Finavia invests especially in the 24/7 availability of winter weather and airfield maintenance. The unusually large snowfalls in the winter of 2010–2011 in Europe brought chaos to many airports in Central Europe, with many airports shutting down temporarily. Despite these snowfalls, Finavia's airports remained operational throughout the entire winter. Finavia and Helsinki Airport's snow removal abilities have also been recognized by other European airport operators.
Use of artificial intelligence
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shildon%20railway%20station
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Shildon is a railway station serving the town of Shildon in County Durham, England on the Tees Valley Line, between and via . The station, situated north-west of Darlington, It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.
History
The original station was constructed by Timothy Hackworth. It opened on 27 September 1825, under the Stockton and Darlington Railway.
Facilities
Station facilities here have been improved as part of the Tees Valley Metro project. The package for this station included new fully lit waiting shelters, digital CIS displays, renewed station signage and the installation of CCTV. The long-line Public Address system (PA) has been renewed and upgraded with pre-recorded train announcements.
The station is unstaffed and all tickets must be purchased from the ticket vending machine on the platform prior to travel. Step-free access is available to both platforms via ramps, which were added in 2003 when the station was rebuilt in conjunction with the construction of the Shildon Locomotion Museum, sited alongside it on land formerly occupied by the sidings of the Shildon railway works.
The grade II listed manual signal box here controls the immediate station area (including the siding connections into the museum), along with the single track section through Shildon tunnel to the west and terminus at . Bishop Auckland is the junction with the now privately owned and operated Weardale Railway to Stanhope.
Services
As of the May 2021 timetable change, the station is served by an hourly service between Saltburn and Bishop Auckland via Darlington. All services are operated by Northern Trains.
Rolling stock used: Class 156 Super Sprinter and Class 158 Express Sprinter
References
External links
Stockton and Darlington Railway
Railway stations in County Durham
DfT Category F1 stations
Former North Eastern Railway (UK) stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1825
Northern franchise railway stations
Shildon
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZR%20N%20class
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The N class were 12 steam locomotives that operated on the national rail network of New Zealand. They were built in three batches, including one batch of two engines for the private Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company, the WMR, by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1885, 1891, and 1901. Previously the N class designation had been applied between 1877 and 1879 to Lady Mordaunt, a member of the B class of 1874.
Construction
Despite the Long Depression of the 1880s, the young New Zealand railway network continued to expand and additional motive power was required. The New Zealand Railways Department had normally ordered locomotives from England up until this time, though it had previously bought locomotives from United States manufacturers (such as the Rogers K class), and in 1885 it placed an order with Baldwin, whose first New Zealand locomotives were the T class, to construct the six original members of the N class, which entered service between October and December 1885.
Six years later the WMR required additional motive power to handle the growing traffic on their line from Wellington to Longburn, just south of Palmerston North. Its typical supplier of equipment was Baldwin, who offered the WMR a locomotive similar to the N class. The WMR ordered two such locomotives and they entered service as Nos. 9 and 10. They proved to be more efficient than the 1885 batch, and in an attempt to match these efficiencies the government converted N 27 into a Vauclain compound, but with little success.
In 1901, the government ordered four similar locomotives.
Subclasses
Two sub-classes of the N class existed, both Baldwin Vauclain compounds built for the WMR. Nos. 14 and 15 were a heavier and more powerful version of the N class and became the NA class; Nos. 5 and 18 had wider fireboxes and became the NC class.
Operation
The 1885 batch operated in the Hutt Valley and the Wairarapa; the 1901 batch around Auckland. Around 1900 they were used on the Napier Express coupled with an (rather ineffectual) M class loco; the duo was called a 'en and chicken.
In 1908 the WMR was nationalised and incorporated into the government's network. The two ex-WMR Ns continued to work on their home route until World War I, when they were transferred to Westland to operate the mail trains between Greymouth and Otira, making full use of their speed. In the 1920s the two were modified for shunting duties, including the addition of a tender cab and side ladders on the tender.
A world record
The most outstanding operational feat by an N class locomotive occurred on 20 July 1892. WMR No. 10 departed Wellington with a special test train, and gradually picked up speed on the flat trackage of the Kāpiti Coast and Horowhenua. It ran comfortably at speeds of 50-55 mph, and between Levin and Shannon it reached 64.4 mph (103.6 km/h), then the world speed record on narrow gauge track.
Withdrawal
By the 1920s withdrawal was seriously considered. The first two were withdrawn
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew%20Hennessy
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Matthew Hennessy is an Irish computer scientist who has contributed especially to concurrency, process calculi and programming language semantics.
Career
During 1976–77, Matthew Hennessy was an assistant professor at the University of Waterloo in Canada. Then during 1977–78, he was a visiting professor at the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco in Brazil. Subsequently, he was a research associate (1979–81) and then lecturer (1981–85) at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland. During 1985, he was a guest lecturer/researcher at the University of Aarhus in Denmark.
Hennessy was Professor of Computer Science at the Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, England, from 1985 until 2008. Since then, Hennessy has held a research professorship at the Department of Computer Science, Trinity College, Dublin.
Hennessy's research interests are in the area of the semantic foundations of programming and specification languages, particularly involving distributed computing, including mobile computing. He also has an interest in verification tools. His co-authors include Robin Milner and Gordon Plotkin.
Hennessy is a member of the Academy of Europe. He held a Royal Society/Leverhulme Trust Senior Research Fellowship during 2005–06 and has a
Science Foundation Ireland Research Professorship at Trinity College Dublin.
Books
Matthew Hennessy has written a number of books:
Hennessy, Matthew. A Distributed Pi-Calculus. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2007. .
Hennessy, Matthew. Algebraic Theory of Processes. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1988. .
Hennessy, Matthew. The Semantics of Programming Languages: An Elementary Introduction using Structural Operational Semantics. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1990. .
See also
Hennessy–Milner logic
Ó hAonghusa
References
External links
Matthew Hennessy Trinity College Dublin home page
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
20th-century Irish people
21st-century Irish people
Irish computer scientists
Formal methods people
Computer science writers
Academic staff of the University of Waterloo
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
Academics of the University of Sussex
Fellows of Trinity College Dublin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-social%20science
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E-social science is a more recent development in conjunction with the wider developments in e-science. It is social science using grid computing and other information technologies to collect, process, integrate, share, and disseminate social and behavioural data.
External links
UK National Centre for e-Social Science Web Home Page
Oxford e-Social Science This project has focused on the ethical, legal and institutional factors shaping e-Science.
ReDReSS project This site provides resources for social scientists interested in using e-Social Science and e-Science tools and methodologies.
Collaboratory for Quantitative e-Social Science
Chinese e-Social Science
E-Science
Cyberinfrastructure
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event%20monitoring
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In computer science, event monitoring is the process of collecting, analyzing, and signaling event occurrences to subscribers such as operating system processes, active database rules as well as human operators. These event occurrences may stem from arbitrary sources in both software or hardware such as operating systems, database management systems, application software and processors. Event monitoring may use a time series database.
Basic concepts
Event monitoring makes use of a logical bus to transport event occurrences from sources to subscribers, where event sources signal event occurrences to all event subscribers and event subscribers receive event occurrences. An event bus can be distributed over a set of physical nodes such as standalone computer systems. Typical examples of event buses are found in graphical systems such as X Window System, Microsoft Windows as well as development tools such as SDT.
Event collection is the process of collecting event occurrences in a filtered event log for analysis. A filtered event log is logged event occurrences that can be of meaningful use in the future; this implies that event occurrences can be removed from the filtered event log if they are useless in the future. Event log analysis is the process of analyzing the filtered event log to aggregate event occurrences or to decide whether or not an event occurrence should be signalled. Event signalling is the process of signalling event occurrences over the event bus.
Something that is monitored is denoted the monitored object; for example, an application, an operating system, a database, hardware etc. can be monitored objects. A monitored object must be properly conditioned with event sensors to enable event monitoring, that is, an object must be instrumented with event sensors to be a monitored object. Event sensors are sensors that signal event occurrences whenever an event occurs. Whenever something is monitored, the probe effect must be managed.
Monitored objects and the probe effect
As discussed by Gait, when an object is monitored, its behavior is changed. In particular, in any concurrent system in which processes can run in parallel, this poses a particular problem. The reason is that whenever sensors are introduced in the system, processes may execute in a different order. This can cause a problem if, for example, we are trying to localize a fault, and by monitoring the system we change its behavior in such a way that the fault may not result in a failure; in essence, the fault can be masked by monitoring the system. The probe effect is the difference in behavior between a monitored object and its un-instrumented counterpart.
According to Schütz, we can avoid, compensate for, or ignore the probe effect. In critical real-time system, in which timeliness (i.e., the ability of a system to meet time constraints such as deadlines) is significant, avoidance is the only option. If we, for example, instrument a system for testing and then remove
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDFN
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WDFN (1130 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station in Detroit, Michigan. Owned by iHeartMedia, it broadcasts an all-news radio format under iHeartRadio's Black Information Network (BIN), targeting Detroit's African-American community. Its studios and offices are on Halsted Road in the Detroit suburb of Farmington Hills.
By day, WDFN transmits with 50,000 watts, the maximum for commercial U.S. AM radio stations. 1130 AM is a clear channel frequency reserved for Class A stations in New York City, Vancouver and Shreveport, so to avoid interference, it reduces power at night to 10,000 watts. It uses a directional antenna with a nine-tower array. The transmitter is on Vreeland Road at West Jefferson Avenue in nearby Gibraltar.
History
Early years
The station signed on the air on . It used the call sign WCAR from its inception until 1979. WCAR was originally licensed to the Detroit suburb of Pontiac, Michigan. It initially broadcast on 1100 kHz with 1,000 watts as a daytime only station. The owners were "a group of Pontiac citizens," including H.Y. Levinson, who owned half of the stock and managed the station. Levinson also was publisher of the Farmington Enterprise, a weekly newspaper in Farmington, Michigan.
With the 1941 enactment of the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement (NARBA), WCAR moved to 1130 AM, still with 1,000 watts, and did not have authorization to broadcast after sunset.
For most of the 1950s and 60s, WCAR aired a middle-of-the-road/adult standards music format, as Levinson insisted that his station play only "good music" and refused to allow anything even remotely resembling rock and roll on his station's playlist.
In the 1960s, WCAR was given permission by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to move to the more lucrative Detroit radio market. The move came with a boost in power to 50,000 watts days and 10,000 watts nights. In 1964, it also added an FM station, 92.3 WCAR-FM (now WMXD).
1970s: Giant 1130
Levinson would eventually relax his anti-rock stance when it became evident that the conservative "good music" approach wasn't making him enough money. By 1970, "W-Car" had transitioned to a personality MOR Contemporary format (what would be considered Hot Adult Contemporary today). The station played more hit singles and fewer MOR album cuts while shying away from very hard rock, and featuring new jingles and a "hipper" image built around slogans such as "W-Car Cares About Detroit and Its People" (including inventive homemade public service announcements and promos for local businesses such as marriage counselors). By the summer of 1971, the station had added harder rock and roll records to its format, and that fall the station made the full transition into Top 40 as "All Hit Music, The Giant 1130," similar in presentation to market leader CKLW. This incarnation of W-Car was consulted by Ken Draper, who at the time was programming similar formats on WFDF in Flint (which was known as "Giant 91") and WJIM
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Grid%20%28Malaysia%29
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National Grid, Malaysia () is the high-voltage electric power transmission network in Peninsular Malaysia. It is operated and owned by Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) by its Transmission Division. There are two other electrical grids in Sabah and Sarawak operated by Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd (SESB) and Sarawak Energy Berhad (SEB) respectively.
The system spans the whole of Peninsular Malaysia, transporting electricity in bulk from power generators owned by TNB and Independent Power Producers (IPPs) to distributors. The grid also transports directly to large industrial customers, such as steel mills and fertilizer plants.
Malaysia's national electricity grid system is weakly prepared to accommodate the expanding production of electricity from renewable energy.
History
The beginnings of the National Grid was slowly taking shape in 1964 when the Bangsar Power Station was connected to the Connaught Bridge Power Station, with the line subsequently extended to Malacca.
By 1965, a plan was set to connect the electricity generating plants that were spread out all over the country. Plants identified to be linked were located at Paka in Terengganu, Temengor, Kenering, Bersia and Batang Padang in Perak, Connaught Bridge, Kapar and Serdang in Selangor, Cameron Highlands in Pahang, Perai in Penang, Port Dickson in Negeri Sembilan, Pergau in Kelantan, Pasir Gudang in Johor and in Malacca.
The central area network with Connaught Bridge Power Station in Klang was the precursor of the energy grid; it also tapped into the Cameron Highlands Hydro scheme from the Sultan Yussuf Power Station, and was extended into a western network. Late in the 1980s, the loop was complete when Kota Bharu joined the grid.
Grid description
Transmission system
More than 420 transmission substations in the Peninsular Malaysia, with a total installed capacity of 105,305 MVA, are linked together by approximately 21,000 circuit-kilometers of overhead lines and underground cables operating at 132, 275 and 500 kilovolts (kV). The 500 kV transmission system is the single largest transmission system to be ever developed in Malaysia. Begun in 1994, Phase 1 involved the design and construction of the 500kV overhead lines from Gurun, Kedah in the North along the west coast to Kapar, in the central region and from Pasir Gudang to Yong Peng in the south of Peninsular Malaysia.
The total distance covered for the 500 kV transmission lines is 784 circuit-km and the 275 kV portion is 9,257 circuit-km as of February 2017. To cater for the new plant up of generators, namely 3,100 MW Janamanjung Power Plant in the west coast, 372 MW Ulu Jelai Hydro Electric Power Plant in the east coast, and 4,100 MW Tanjung Bin Power Plant in the south, the 500 kV transmission system was extended from Bukit Tarek to Yong Peng via interconnection allows for electricity of Ayer Tawar, Tapah, Bentong South and Lenggeng. The completion of this interconnection allows for electricity transmission to the load centre, whi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct%20market
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The direct market is the dominant distribution and retail network for American comic books. The concept of the direct market was created in the 1970s by Phil Seuling. The network currently consists of:
three major comic distributors:
Lunar Distribution (which distributes DC Comics since 2020 and Image Comics since 2023);
Penguin Random House Publisher Services (the distribution arm of the publishing company), which since 1 October 2021 distributes Marvel Comics, since 1 June 2022 distributes IDW Publishing, and since 1 June 2023 distributes Dark Horse Comics; and
Diamond Comic Distributors, which distributes most, if not all, non-DC/Marvel/Image/IDW/Dark Horse comics (having exclusive deals with those publishers) and wholesales Marvel Comics, Image Comics, IDW Publishing, and Dark Horse Comics.
the majority of comics specialty stores, and
other retailers of comic books and related merchandise.
The name is no longer a fully accurate description of the model by which it operates, but derives from its original implementation: retailers bypassing existing distributors to make "direct" purchases from publishers. The defining characteristic of the direct market however is non-returnability: unlike book store and news stand distribution, which operate on a sale-or-return model, direct market distribution prohibits distributors and retailers from returning their unsold merchandise for refunds. In exchange for more favorable ordering terms, retailers and distributors must gamble that they can accurately predict their customers' demand for products. Each month's surplus inventory, meanwhile, could be archived and sold later, driving the development of an organized market for "back issues."
The emergence of this lower-risk distribution system is also credited with providing an opportunity for new comics publishers to enter the business, despite the two bigger publishers Marvel and DC Comics still having the largest share. The establishment and growth of independent publishers and self-publishers, beginning in the late 1970s and continuing to the present, was made economically possible by the existence of a system that targets its retail audience, rather than relying on the scattershot approach embodied in the returnable newsstand system.
Comic book specialty shops
Prior to the 1970s, most comics were found in newsstands, grocery, drug, convenience, and toy stores. A handful of early comic book specialty shops first appeared in the late 1960s, stocking back issues as well as sourcing new releases from newsstand distributors and the new counterculture underground comix. The oldest known such comics specialty shop in North-America (or worldwide for that matter) has been Canadian comic book store Viking Bookshop, established in Toronto by "Captain George" Henderson in the spring of 1966, one year later renamed to Memory Lane Books when it relocated to other premises in the city. The oldest US comic book store is reputed to have been Gary Arlington's
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists%20of%20NBC%20television%20affiliates
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The following are lists of affiliates of the NBC television network:
List of NBC television affiliates (by U.S. state)
List of NBC television affiliates (table)
List of former NBC television affiliates
See also
Lists of ABC television affiliates
Lists of CBS television affiliates
Lists of Fox television affiliates
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blub
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Blub may refer to:
Blub (water park), an abandoned water park in Berlin
A hypothetical programming language imagined by programmer Paul Graham
5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole synthase, an enzyme
An informal term for crying
See also
Bulb (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypaball
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Hypaball is a computer game for the Commodore 64 based on a fictitious, futuristic sport and published by Odin Computer Graphics 1986. It was programmed and designed by Marc Dawson with graphics by Andy Rixon and music by Keith Tinman. A ZX Spectrum version followed in 1987, ported by Bernie Duggs.
Gameplay
There can be up to three team members that include two strikers and one grounder. The goal of the game is to hit the moving target in the middle, and the ball cannot be held for more than two seconds. The game moves fast, and it is a more modern version of the game Pong.
References
External links
1986 video games
Volleyball video games
Commodore 64 games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
ZX Spectrum games
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaalam
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Jaalam may refer to:
Jaalam Research, a Canadian network software company renamed AppNeta
Jaalam (name), a biblical Hebrew male given name
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Nesmith%20Bridge
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The George Nesmith Bridge carries U.S. Route 98 (US 98) over the St. Marks River in Newport, Florida.
See also
References
External links
FDOT Florida Bridge Data 01-05-2010
Wakulla Area Times, Volume 8 Edition 4 (April 2010), p. 40
Transportation buildings and structures in Wakulla County, Florida
Road bridges in Florida
U.S. Route 98
Bridges of the United States Numbered Highway System
2001 establishments in Florida
Bridges completed in 2001
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GraphML
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GraphML is an XML-based file format for graphs. The GraphML file format results from the joint effort of the graph drawing community to define a common format for exchanging graph structure data. It uses an XML-based syntax and supports the entire range of possible graph structure constellations including directed, undirected, mixed graphs, hypergraphs, and application-specific attributes.
Overview
A GraphML file consists of an XML file containing a graph element, within which is an unordered sequence of node and edge elements. Each node element should have a distinct id attribute, and each edge element has source and target attributes that identify the endpoints of an edge by having the same value as the id attributes of those endpoints.
Here is what a simple undirected graph with two nodes and one edge between them looks like:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<graphml xmlns="http://graphml.graphdrawing.org/xmlns"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://graphml.graphdrawing.org/xmlns/1.0/graphml.xsd">
<graph id="G" edgedefault="undirected">
<node id="n0"/>
<node id="n1"/>
<edge id="e1" source="n0" target="n1"/>
</graph>
</graphml>
Additional features of the GraphML language allow its users to specify whether edges are directed or undirected, and to associate additional data with vertices or edges.
See also
yEd, a widespread graph editor that uses GraphML as its native file format (but ports, hypergraphs not supported and limited nested graphs support).
Gephi, a graph visualization software that supports a limited set of GraphML.
DOT (graph description language)
Boost libraries allow to read from and write to GraphML format.
References
External links
GraphML Primer
Comparison between XML to SVG Transformation Mechanisms, showing conversions between GraphML and SVG
XML markup languages
Graph description languages
XML-based_standards
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redundant%20code
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In computer programming, redundant code is source code or compiled code in a computer program that is unnecessary, such as:
recomputing a value that has previously been calculated and is still available,
code that is never executed (known as unreachable code),
code which is executed but has no external effect (e.g., does not change the output produced by a program; known as dead code).
A NOP instruction might be considered to be redundant code that has been explicitly inserted to pad out the instruction stream or introduce a time delay, for example to create a timing loop by "wasting time". Identifiers that are declared, but never referenced, are termed redundant declarations.
Examples
The following examples are in C.
int foo(int iX)
{
int iY = iX*2;
return iX*2;
}
The second iX*2 expression is redundant code and can be replaced by a reference to the variable iY. Alternatively, the definition int iY = iX*2 can instead be removed.
Consider:
#define min(A,B) ((A)<(B)?(A):(B))
int shorter_magnitude(int u1, int v1, int u2, int v2)
{
/* Returns the shorter magnitude of (u1,v1) and (u2,v2) */
return sqrt(min(u1*u1 + v1*v1, u2*u2 + v2*v2));
}
As a consequence of using the C preprocessor, the compiler will only see the expanded form:
int shorter_magnitude(int u1, int v1, int u2, int v2)
{
int temp;
if (u1*u1 + v1*v1 < u2*u2 + v2*v2)
temp = u1*u1 + v1*v1; /* Redundant already calculated for comparison */
else
temp = u2*u2 + v2*v2; /* Redundant already calculated for comparison */
return sqrt(temp);
}
Because the use of min/max macros is very common, modern compilers are programmed to recognize and eliminate redundancy caused by their use.
There is no redundancy, however, in the following code:
#define max(A,B) ((A)>(B)?(A):(B))
int random(int cutoff, int range)
{
return max(cutoff, rand()%range);
}
If the initial call to rand(), modulo range, is greater than or equal to cutoff, rand() will be called a second time for a second computation of rand()%range, which may result in a value that is actually lower than the cutoff. The max macro thus may not produce the intended behavior for this function.
See also
Code bloat
Code reuse
Common subexpression elimination
Don't repeat yourself
Duplicate code
Redundancy
References
Compiler optimizations
Software anomalies
Source code
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC%20News%20Radio
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ABC News Radio is the news radio service of ABC Audio, a division of ABC News in the United States. Formerly known as ABC Radio News, ABC News Radio feeds, through Skyview Networks, five minute newscasts on the hour and news briefs at half-past the hour, to its network affiliates. ABC News Radio is the largest commercial radio news organization in the US.
ABC Radio aired the first broadcast report of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963. Kennedy was shot in Dallas, Texas, at 18:30 UTC and Don Gardiner anchored the initial bulletin at 18:36:50 UTC, minutes before any other radio or television network.
History
Beginning in the late 1950s, ABC fed hourly newscasts to affiliates at 5 minutes before the hour, to contrast it with CBS Radio News and NBC Radio News, which sent its newscasts to affiliates at the top of each hour. On January 1, 1968, the singular ABC radio network was split into four separate and distinct programming services. The American Contemporary Network, on major-market contemporary music stations like WABC New York, aired news at 5 minutes before the hour. American Information Network news ran at the top of the hour on major-market talk and information stations like KGO San Francisco. The American FM Network, carried on major-market FM stations such as WPLJ New York, aired news geared toward young adult listeners at 15 minutes past the hour, while the American Entertainment Network had news at the bottom of the hour, often carried by AM country music stations, such as WBAP in Dallas-Fort Worth.
Before the split, ABC reached an understanding with the FCC concerning the "Chain Broadcasting" rule, which forced the sale of the NBC Blue Network and enabled ABC's creation in 1943. Each of the four networks could be cleared only when no other ABC network was on the air in a particular market. Though each of the four new "networks" were distributed to all member radio stations nationally over the same broadcast-quality telephone line, the move allowed ABC to have as many as four affiliates in one city — a major competitive advantage and a dramatic turning point in the history of network radio. Two additional news networks, ABC Rock and ABC Direction, were added on January 4, 1982, after the network became a satellite-delivered service. The network was strict in its insistence that there be no simultaneous broadcast of more than a single network in a market, except during crisis or special event coverage.
After the sale of most of ABC's radio assets to Citadel Broadcasting in 2007, the ABC Radio Network was operated by the broadcaster as part of the Citadel Media Networks division, and still distributed ABC News content. Citadel Broadcasting was later acquired by Cumulus Media. In July 2014, Cumulus announced that it would end its partnership with ABC News, and begin a new partnership with CNN to syndicate news content via the new Westwood One News network for its stations, beginning on January 1, 201
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Ct%C4%81huhu%20railway%20station
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Ōtāhuhu railway station is located on the Eastern and Southern Lines of the Auckland rail network in New Zealand. It has an island platform configuration and is part of an integrated bus-train major transport hub. It can be reached by steps and lift from an overhead concourse that leads from the adjacent bus transfer station and Walmsley Road.
Ōtāhuhu station features a historic, decommissioned signal box and is the point where both freight and passenger trains enter and exit the main line from the Westfield locomotive depot.
The station was opened in 1875 to serve the increasing settlement at Ōtāhuhu, with a road eventually constructed to the station. The station included a goods shed and a main building, which however burned down in 1909 after a fire in the oil room got out of hand with no water supply available to suppress the fires.
Upgrade
In May 2011, Auckland Transport and KiwiRail started work to lengthen the platform to accommodate longer passenger trains. The platform area around the signal box was raised and further platform installed around the base of the pedestrian over bridge to Walmsley Road.
In July 2011, the signal box at the station was one of the last to be decommissioned in Auckland, as part of a project to upgrade the signalling of the Auckland suburban network in preparation for electrification. Mainline signalling in the Ōtāhuhu station limits will be operated from the National Train Control Centre (NTCC) in Wellington, along with the rest of the Auckland network.
A new southbound platform, of track and four crossovers were opened in December 2020, as part of the City Rail Link works to enable trains to turn back and reduce the need for bus passengers to use the bridge.
Bus-train interchange
Concern was raised in 2007 about the 1.2 km walk between the station and the nearest bus services, with the station located in an out-of-the-way industrial area. These concerns were addressed by the construction of a bus-train interchange which opened in October 2016.
A public open day was held with station designers in August 2014. Enabling works began in November 2014 after the temporary closure of Titi Street Bridge. The following year (November 2015) main construction works began (building the concourse area and landscaping).
The $28 million bus-train interchange and concourse was completed in October 2016 and was opened on 29 October 2016.
The decommissioned signal box has been retained as a historic feature of the new station.
Nearby infrastructure
In 1927, Ōtāhuhu Railway Workshops opened on a site west of the station. This facility became the North Island's foremost wagon and carriage construction and repair facility. It was progressively closed from 1986 to 1992.
Further south, between Ōtāhuhu station and Mangere station, a rail fabrication facility was built. This facility is still in use. Ōtāhuhu also possessed Auckland's second-largest locomotive depot, which was opened in 1905, and closed in 1968, with the op
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ngere%20railway%20station
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Māngere railway station was a station at Mangere on the Eastern and Southern Lines of the Auckland railway network. It had an offset side platform layout with no connection between the two platforms. Both the northbound and southbound platforms have since been demolished.
Closure
Because of lack of patronage, from 25 October 2005 the only services stopping at the station were four south-bound morning peak services to set down passengers on school days only, for pupils of nearby King's College. The station exit was close to the school.
Pupils going home would use Middlemore railway station, which is approximately to the south.
The station closed permanently on 9 December 2011. The closure was proposed due to the limited number of services (only four trains per day during the school term), the short-distance to/from Middlemore Station, and the cost to upgrade the station to meet current standards. There was only very limited opposition from the public.
See also
List of Auckland railway stations
References
Rail transport in Auckland
Railway stations opened in 1930
Railway stations closed in 2011
Railway stations in New Zealand opened in the 1930s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain%20old%20CLR%20object
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In software engineering, a plain old CLR object, or plain old class object (POCO) is a simple object created in the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR) that is unencumbered by inheritance or attributes. This is often used in opposition to the complex or specialized objects that object-relational mapping frameworks often require. In essence, a POCO does not have any dependency on an external framework.
Etymology
Plain Old CLR Object is a play on the term plain old Java object from the Java EE programming world, which was coined by Martin Fowler in 2000. POCO is often expanded to plain old C# object, though POCOs can be created with any language targeting the CLR. An alternative acronym sometimes used is plain old .NET object.
Benefits
Some benefits of POCOs are:
allows a simple storage mechanism for data, and simplifies serialization and passing data through layers;
goes hand-in-hand with dependency injection and the repository pattern;
minimised complexity and dependencies on other layers (higher layers only care about the POCOs, POCOs don't care about anything) which facilitates loose coupling;
increases testability through simplification.
See also
Plain old data structure
Plain old Java object
Data transfer object
References
.NET terminology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Maritz
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Paul Alistair Maritz (born March 16, 1955) is a computer scientist and software executive. He held positions at Microsoft and EMC Corporation. In October 2021, Maritz was named as the chairman of the board of directors for Acronis. He also serves as chairman of Pivotal Software.
Early life
Paul Maritz was born and raised in Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). His family later moved to South Africa where he was schooled at Highbury Preparatory School and Hilton College. He received a B.Sc. in Computer Science from the University of Natal, and a B.Sc. (Hons) degree, also in Computer Science, from the University of Cape Town in 1977.
Career
After finishing his graduate studies, Maritz had a programming job with Burroughs Corporation and later became a researcher at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland, before moving to Silicon Valley in 1981 to join Intel. He worked for Intel for five years, including developing early tools to help developers write software for the then-new x86 platform, before joining Microsoft in 1986.
Microsoft
From 1986 to 2000, he worked at Microsoft and served on its executive committee. He became executive vice president of the Platforms Strategy and Developer Group and part of the 5-person executive management team. He was often said to be the third-ranking executive, behind Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer. He was responsible for essentially all of Microsoft's desktop and server software, including such major initiatives as the development of Windows 95, Windows NT, and Internet Explorer.
He was the highest-ranking executive to testify at the antitrust trial of Microsoft in 1999.
While at Microsoft, Maritz was credited with originating the term "eating your own dogfood" also known as dogfooding.
In July 1999, he announced he would have a reduced role at Microsoft, and resigned in September 2000 around the announcement of Windows ME.
According to Steve Ballmer Maritz was "truly a leader among leaders". Bill Gates stated that "Paul's vision and technological insight has had a major impact not only on Microsoft but on the entire computer industry."
In October 2013, he was reported to again be under consideration to become chief executive of Microsoft, succeeding Ballmer.
Pi Corporation
He then co-founded, and was CEO of Pi Corporation, a company backed by Warburg Pincus, which developed software for Linux with development in Bangalore, India.
When Pi was acquired by EMC in February 2008, Maritz briefly became president and general manager of EMC Corporation's cloud computing division.
VMware
On July 8, 2008, he was appointed CEO of VMware (a public company majority-owned by EMC), replacing co-founder and CEO Diane Greene. While serving as CEO, company sales and profits tripled by mid-2012. He was succeeded as CEO by Pat Gelsinger on September 1, 2012.
GoPivotal
In April 2013, he was announced as the CEO of GoPivotal, Inc. (Pivotal), a venture funded by General Electric (GE), EMC and VMware which he led until August 2015.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverside%20Health%20System
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Riverside Health System is an integrated, not-for-profit health network serving two million people annually. It has been operating in Eastern Virginia since 1915, and offers a variety of services and programs in the areas of prevention, primary care, diagnostics, neurosciences, oncology, orthopedics, aging-related services, rehabilitation, medical education, home care and hospice.
Riverside headquarters are located in Newport News, Virginia.
Operations
Riverside operates four acute care hospitals and a behavioral health hospital, in addition to a physical rehabilitation hospital and Critical Illness Recovery Hospital in partnership with Select Medical. Riverside Medical Group has more than 700 physicians and advanced practice providers across a broad spectrum of specialties. Riverside Lifelong Health operates six nursing home facilities and three continuing care retirement communities, and home health and hospice services. In addition, Riverside operates the College of Health Careers and four medical residency programs. The company employs more than 9,500 team members throughout Eastern Virginia.
List of Riverside Hospitals
Riverside operates four acute care hospitals and three specialty hospitals:
Riverside Regional Medical Center (Newport News, VA)
Riverside Walter Reed Hospital, (Gloucester, VA)
Riverside Shore Memorial Hospital (Onancock, VA)
Riverside Doctors' Hospital Williamsburg (Williamsburg, VA)
Riverside Rehabilitation Hospital (Yorktown, VA)
Riverside Behavioral Health Center (Hampton, VA)
Select Specialty Hospital - Hampton Roads (Newport News, VA)
Riverside Medical Group
Riverside Medical Group, comprising more than 700 providers, is among the largest multispecialty group practices in the state of Virginia. Care is provided in 132 locations across Eastern Virginia. Riverside Medical Group was among the inaugural provider groups to use electronic medical records and follows a multidisciplinary approach to care.
Educational Facilities
Riverside College of Health Careers offers accredited programs in Nurse Aide, Practical Nursing, Professional Nursing and the RN-to-Bachelor of Science in Nursing programs. All graduates are eligible to sit for their respective licensing exams.
Riverside Foundation
The Riverside Foundation stewards investments in health and happiness, supporting programs in cancer care, education, lifelong health and beyond. The foundation partners with communities to promote wellness.
References
External links
Riverside Health System
Hospital networks in the United States
Companies based in Newport News, Virginia
Medical and health organizations based in Virginia
Health care companies based in Virginia
Healthcare in Virginia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DECserver
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In computer networking, DECserver initially referred to a highly successful family of asynchronous console server / terminal server / print server products introduced by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) and later referred to a class of UNIX-variant application and file server products based upon the MIPS processor. In February 1998, DEC sold its Network Products Business to Cabletron, which then spun out as its own company, Digital Networks (later known as Vnetek Communications), in September 2000.
Model history
DECservers were introduced in 1985. The first model was the DECserver 100. This and all subsequent DECserver models used the Local Area Transport (LAT) protocol which was/is also supported by many DEC operating systems including VMS, RSX-11, RSTS/E and Ultrix (an implementation of UNIX). All DECservers were designed to boot their operating systems across the network using DECnet MOP Maintenance Operations Protocol with later models supporting TCP/IP booting using bootp protocol. Later models also support booting from flash memory cards.
Model Option Numbers, Description and History
DECserver 100
The DECserver 100 Terminal Server was a network terminal switch for Ethernet Local Area Networks, providing a convenient method to logically connect up to eight DIGITAL asynchronous terminals to one or more service nodes (hosts) on an Ethernet. Through the use of a simple command, users could establish a logical connection, called a session, to any local service node that implemented the LAT protocol.
Model Number: DSRVA-**
Ports: 8 DB25
Alternate product: DECserver 708, 8 ports DB9, DSRVW-R*
DECserver 200
The DECserver 200 was a network terminal switch for Ethernet Local Area Networks, providing a convenient method to logically connect up to eight Digital asynchronous terminals to one or more service nodes (hosts) on an Ethernet. The DECserver 200 also provided the capability to connect host systems that did not support the LAT protocol, Digital personal computers, and dial-out modems directly to ports on the server. The DECserver 200 implemented the Local Area Transport (LAT) protocol for communication with service nodes that implemented this protocol on the same Ethernet. There were two options of DECserver 200 hardware: the DECserver 200/MC, which contained RS-232-C lines with full modem control (DSRVB-AB) and the DECserver 200/DL, which contained DECconnect lines with data leads only (DSRVB-BB). The /DL version delivers these data leads through a single connector (similar to Centronix printer connection). A special cable connects the DECserver to a "harmonica", with the same style of mass-connector, plus 8 MMJ jacks, positioned close to the terminals to be connected.
Model Number: DSRVB-**
Ports: 8 DB25 (/MC) or 8 MMJ (/DL)
Alternate product: DECserver 708, 8 ports DB9, DSRVW-R*
DECserver 250
The DECserver 250 was a network server for printers for Ethernet Local Area Networks, consisting of a single box that provided the followin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20gap%20%28networking%29
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An air gap, air wall, air gapping or disconnected network is a network security measure employed on one or more computers to ensure that a secure computer network is physically isolated from unsecured networks, such as the public Internet or an unsecured local area network. It means a computer or network has no network interface controllers connected to other networks, with a physical or conceptual air gap, analogous to the air gap used in plumbing to maintain water quality.
Use in classified settings
An air-gapped computer or network is one that has no network interfaces, either wired or wireless, connected to outside networks. Many computers, even when they are not plugged into a wired network, have a wireless network interface controller (WiFi) and are connected to nearby wireless networks to access the Internet and update software. This represents a security vulnerability, so air-gapped computers either have their wireless interface controller permanently disabled or physically removed. To move data between the outside world and the air-gapped system, it is necessary to write data to a physical medium such as a thumbdrive, and physically move it between computers. Physical access has to be controlled (man identity and storage media itself). It is easier to control than a direct full network interface, which can be attacked from the exterior insecure system and, if malware infects the secure system, can be used to export secure data. That's why some new hardware technologies are also available like unidirectional data diodes or bidirectional diodes (also called electronic airgaps), that physically separate the network and transportation layers and copy and filter the application data.
In environments where networks or devices are rated to handle different levels of classified information, the two disconnected devices or networks are referred to as low side and high side, low being unclassified and high referring to classified, or classified at a higher level. This is also occasionally referred to as red (classified) and black (unclassified). Access policies are often based on the Bell–LaPadula confidentiality model, where data can be moved low-to-high with minimal security measures, while high-to-low requires much more stringent procedures to ensure protection of the data at a higher level of classification. In some cases (for instance industrial critical systems), the policy is different: data can be moved from high-to-low with minimal security measures, but low-to-high requires a high level of procedures to ensure integrity of the industrial safety system.
The concept represents nearly the maximum protection one network can have from another (save turning the device off). One way to transfer data between the outside world and the air-gapped system is to copy data on a removable storage medium such as a removable disk or USB flash drive and physically carry the storage to the other system. This access still has to be carefull
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trace%20vector%20decoder
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A Trace Vector Decoder (TVD) is computer software that uses the trace facility of its underlying microprocessor to decode encrypted instruction opcodes just-in-time prior to execution and possibly re-encode them afterwards. It can be used to hinder reverse engineering when attempting to prevent software cracking as part of an overall copy protection strategy.
Microprocessor tracing
Certain microprocessor families (e.g. 680x0, x86) provide the capability to trace instructions to aid in program development. A debugger might use this capability to single step through a program, providing the means for a programmer to monitor the execution of the program under test.
By installing a custom handler for the trace exception, it is possible to gain control of the microprocessor between the execution of normal program flow instructions. A typical trace vector decoder exception handler decodes the upcoming instruction located outside the exception, as well as re-encoding the previously decoded instruction.
Implementations
Motorola 680x0
The Motorola 68000 has an instruction-by-instruction tracing facility. When its trace state is enabled, the processor automatically forces a trace exception after each (non-exception) instruction is executed. The following assembly code snippet is an example of a program initializing a trace exception handler on a 68000 system.
InstallHandler: MOVE.L #$4E730000,-(SP) ; Push trace exception handler on to stack
MOVE.L #$00000010,-(SP)
MOVE.L #$0004DDB9,-(SP)
MOVE.L #$BD96BDAE,-(SP)
MOVE.L #$B386B586,-(SP)
MOVE.L #$D046D246,-(SP)
MOVE.L #$0246A71F,-(SP)
MOVE.L #$00023C17,-(SP)
MOVE.W #$2C6F,-(SP)
MOVE.L SP,($24).W ; Set trace exception handler vector
ORI.W #$A71F,SR ; Enable trace state
NOP ; CPU generates a trace exception after executing this NOP
;------------------------
... ; Code from this line would be encrypted
The following is a disassembly of the above trace exception handler loaded on the stack. The purpose of this handler is to obfuscate any traced encrypted code. Its decryption process is affected by the contents of the condition code register (CCR). For example, an arithmetic operation in the main program having the 0 number as a result, will cause zero flag bit to be set in CCR. This will cause the value in (SP) to be changed in the trace exception handler.
TraceHandler: MOVE.L (2,SP),A6 ; Load return address from supervisor stack
MOVE.W (SP),D6 ; Load condition codes of the main program
AND.W #$A71F,D6
ADD.W D6,D0
ADD.W D6,D1
EOR.L D1,D6
EOR.L D2,D6
EOR.L D6,(A6) ;
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZR%20P%20class%20%281885%29
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The P class was a class of steam locomotives built to haul freight trains on the national rail network of New Zealand. The class consisted of ten individual locomotives ordered from the British company of Nasmyth, Wilson and Company in 1885, but miscommunications about the weight limitations imposed on the locomotives meant they did not start work until 1887. This debacle came at a time when the New Zealand Railways Department (NZR) was suffering from a lack of motive power to work on its rapidly expanding network and was part of what prompted a shift towards American and home-grown manufacturers.
The classification of this class as "P" was the first example of the re-use of a classification that had previously been used for an earlier class. The members of the P class of 1876 had been sold to private companies or the Public Works Department, leaving the classification unused. The Railways Department chose to assign it to this class, setting a pattern that was followed with other classes in years to come, with the most prominent example being the A class of 1906 re-using the classification of the A class of 1873.
Initially, seven of the P class locomotives were deployed in Otago, with the remaining three based in Auckland, and in 1899, the Auckland fleet expanded to four when one was transferred north from Otago. The locomotives started their lives with wooden cabs in a Gothic style, but they were later replaced with steel cabs.
In service
The P class locomotives were designed primarily for pulling freight trains. However, they were also capable of working passenger trains as required, and photographs exist of the engines occasionally pulling special excursion trains. Some changes were found necessary to obtain the best performance from them; the smokeboxes were extended, and the original Belpaire-type boilers were replaced with a new type to an NZR design.
The passenger equivalent of the P class was the V class 2-6-2 tender locomotives, which were designed primarily for express passenger work. The locomotives had boilers of similar dimensions but were not interchangeable, as well as a shared design of tender. The later P class steel cab was also adapted for use on the V class.
By 1926, all four Auckland members of the P class had been withdrawn from service, and the six southern members were retired within the next four years. Multiple members of the class are known to have been dumped in rivers to provide riverbank stability and halt erosion.
Preservation
Four P class locomotives have been rescued for preservation. All were salvaged from locomotive dump sites in Otago and Southland as incomplete hulks.
In 1992, then-Dunedin based group Project Steam salvaged the remains of P 25 and P 107 from Beaumont on the former Roxburgh Branch. Both locomotives were moved to Dunedin for restoration; due to the poor condition of P 107's frame, the locomotive's frame was swapped with that from its sister locomotive. In 2009, the rolling chassis o
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software%20pipelining
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In computer science, software pipelining is a technique used to optimize loops, in a manner that parallels hardware pipelining. Software pipelining is a type of out-of-order execution, except that the reordering is done by a compiler (or in the case of hand written assembly code, by the programmer) instead of the processor. Some computer architectures have explicit support for software pipelining, notably Intel's IA-64 architecture.
It is important to distinguish software pipelining, which is a target code technique for overlapping loop iterations, from modulo scheduling, the currently most effective known compiler technique for generating software pipelined loops.
Software pipelining has been known to assembly language programmers of machines with instruction-level parallelism since such architectures existed. Effective compiler generation of such code dates to the invention of modulo scheduling by Rau and Glaeser.
Lam showed that special hardware is unnecessary for effective modulo scheduling. Her technique, modulo variable expansion is widely used in practice.
Gao et al. formulated optimal software pipelining in integer linear programming, culminating in validation of advanced heuristics in an evaluation paper. This paper has a
good set of references on the topic.
Example
Consider the following loop:
for i = 1 to bignumber
A(i)
B(i)
C(i)
end
In this example, let A(i), B(i), C(i) be instructions, each operating on data i, that are dependent on each other. In other words, A(i) must complete before B(i) can start. For example, A could load data from memory into a register, B could perform some arithmetic operation on the data, and C could store the data back into memory. However, let there be no dependence between operations for different values of i. In other words, A(2) can begin before A(1) finishes.
Without software pipelining, the operations execute in the following sequence:
A(1) B(1) C(1) A(2) B(2) C(2) A(3) B(3) C(3) ...
Assume that each instruction takes 3 clock cycles to complete (ignore for the moment the cost of the looping control flow). Also assume (as is the case on most modern systems) that an instruction can be dispatched every cycle, as long as it has no dependencies on an instruction that is already executing. In the unpipelined case, each iteration thus takes 9 cycles to complete: 3 clock cycles for A(1), 3 clock cycles for B(1), and 3 clock cycles for C(1).
Now consider the following sequence of instructions with software pipelining:
A(1) A(2) A(3) B(1) B(2) B(3) C(1) C(2) C(3) ...
It can be easily verified that an instruction can be dispatched each cycle, which means that the same 3 iterations can be executed in a total of 9 cycles, giving an average of 3 cycles per iteration.
Implementation
Software pipelining is often used in combination with loop unrolling, and this combination of techniques is often a far better optimization than loop unrolling alone. In the example above, we could write the c
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20Comics%20Database
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The Grand Comics Database (GCD) is an Internet-based project to build a database of comic book information through user contributions. The GCD project catalogues information on creator credits, story details, reprints, and other information useful to the comic book reader, comic collector, fan, and scholar. The GCD is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization incorporated in Arkansas.
History
One of the earliest published catalogues of comic books appeared in the 1960s, when Jerry Bails and Howard Keltner put together some projects to catalogue the comic books of the "Golden Age." These efforts were Bails' The Collector's Guide to the First Heroic Age of Comics, and Howard Keltner's Index to Golden Age Comic Books, and their collaboration on The Authoritative Index to DC Comics. The next big step in organizing data about comic books was Robert Overstreet's Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide, which is still being published. This guide is sometimes referred to as the first best attempt to list factual information beyond the superhero comics. It was likely the first catalogue to get widespread distribution. Today there are several other comic book price guides.
In 1978, the GCD's immediate predecessor, APA-I (Amateur Press Alliance for Indexing) was formed by a few fans who were interested in exchanging information on comic books in index form. These people were generally interested in either one of two things — either following the plot threads and continuity of the stories, or the creator credits. APA-I is also still running, as a paper-based index. The organization publishes a quarterly magazine. APA-I members have gathered editorial records and conducted interviews with comic book professionals, to add to the information that could be gleaned from the books themselves.
In late 1993 and early 1994, three members of APA-I interested in comic books started up an e-mail correspondence. Tim Stroup, Bob Klein, and Jonathan E. Ingersoll soon began sharing indexing information in a common format using electronic media for storage and distribution. By March 1994, they had formed a new group to create an electronic version of APA-I related to comic books, giving it the name Grand Comic-Book Database and the goal to 'contain information on every comic book ever published'.
The newly formed GCD grew slowly, using the new medium of e-mail to canvass friends and acquaintances from APA-I as well as other contacts in comics fandom. Early work consisted of indexing information, setting goals, and deciding on file structure. Information was distributed on floppy discs and via surface mail. The use of e-mail to knit together the group through constant communication has proved important to this day. There had been several previous attempts to set up similar groups that did not have this advantage. The original file structure has changed, and data distribution and collection methods are now almost exclusively over the Internet. It is one of several online database
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Biddle
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Peter Nicholas Biddle (born December 22, 1966) is a software evangelist from the United States. His primary fields of interest include content distribution, secure computing, and encryption.
Career
Biddle joined Microsoft in 1990 as a Support Engineer. He was one of the first authors to describe the concept of darknet,. an early participant in the Secure Digital Music Initiative (SDMI), Copy Protection Technical Working Group, and Trusted Computing Platform Alliance, an early technical evangelist for DVD and digital video recorder technology, the founding leader of Microsoft's Next-Generation Secure Computing Base (code named Palladium) initiative, and was responsible for starting Microsoft's Hypervisor development efforts.
Biddle built and led the engineering team that shipped BitLocker Drive Encryption, a Trusted Platform Module-rooted disk encryption for Windows Vista. Bitlocker continues to be used by Microsoft today, having been shipped with certain versions of Windows 7 Ultimate, Windows 8, Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2008 and later.
In 1998, Biddle publicly demonstrated real-time consumer digital video recorder functionality using an inexpensive MPEG2 hardware encoder, at the WinHEC conference during a speech by Bill Gates. Biddle was the author of the diagram on page 13 in the SDMI specification, which enabled the playback of unknown or unlicensed content on SDMI-compliant players, and was a vocal proponent within SDMI for the external validation of digital watermarking.
On August 8, 2007, London-based company Trampoline Systems, a company exploring what they called The Enterprise 2.0 space announced Biddle would be moving to London to join them as Vice President of Development after leaving Microsoft. While at Trampoline, Biddle ran all product development and engineering efforts.
In 2008, Biddle joined Intel Corporation as a director of the Google program office. During his tenure at Intel, he also served in other positions, including evangelist and General Manager of Intel's AppUp digital storefront, which was shuttered in 2014 after four years' operation, Director of the Intel Atom Developer Program, described as "...a framework for developers to create and sell software applications for netbooks with support for handhelds and smart phones available in the future", and General Manager of Intel's Cloud Services Platform.
In 2009 he became a surprise witness in the RealNetworks, Inc. v. DVD Copy Control Association, Inc. case where, as one of the drafters of the CSS license, he served as an expert on certain CSS licensing issues at the heart of the case.
For more than 3 years during Biddle's tenure at Intel, he hosted the podcast "MashUp Radio", an online publication sponsored by Intel.
In 2014, Biddle founded TradLabs, a company using technology to make rock climbing safer and more accessible.
Personal life
Biddle is a member of the Biddle family of Philadelphia and is a descendant of Nicholas Biddle, whose name he bears
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculator%20%28Apple%29
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Calculator is a basic calculator application made by Apple Inc. and bundled with its macOS, iOS, and watchOS operating systems. It has three modes: basic, scientific, and programmer. The basic mode includes a number pad, buttons for adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing, as well as memory keys. Scientific mode supports exponents and trigonometric functions. The macOS version of Calculator guys apple is the worst also has a programmer mode that gives the user access to more options related to computer programming.
The Calculator program has a long associated history with the beginning of the Macintosh platform, where a simple four-function calculator program was a standard desk accessory from the earliest system versions. Though no higher math capability was included, third-party developers provided upgrades, and Apple released the Graphing Calculator application with the first PowerPC release (7.1.2) of the Mac OS, and it was a standard component through Mac OS 9. Apple also ships a different application with macOS called Grapher for this purpose.
A calculator function has been included with iOS since its launch on iPhone and iPod Touch. However, iPads have never had a first party calculator application. A native calculator function was added to the Apple Watch with watchOS 6, which included a dedicated button for calculating tips.
Features
Calculator has Reverse Polish notation support, and can also speak the buttons pressed and result returned.
The calculator also includes some basic conversion functions to convert between units in the following categories:
Area
Currency (exchange rates may be updated over the Internet)
Energy or Work
Temperature
Length
Speed
Pressure
Weight/Mass
Power
Volume
Since the release of Mac OS X Leopard, simple arithmetic functions can be calculated from the Spotlight feature. They include the standard addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division operations, with exponentiation and the use of the percent sign to denote percentage.
A Dashboard Calculator widget was included in all versions of macOS from Mac OS X Tiger onwards until Mojave, after which Dashboard was discontinued. It only has the basic mode of its desktop counterpart. With the release of OS X Yosemite, unit conversion functions were added to the Spotlight calculator, as well as a simple calculator widget available in the Notification Center.
History
The Calculator appeared first as a desk accessory in first version of Macintosh System for the 1984 Macintosh 128k. Its original incarnation was developed by Chris Espinosa and its appearance was designed, in part, by Steve Jobs when Espinosa, flustered by Jobs's dissatisfaction with all of his prototype designs, conceived an application called The Steve Jobs Roll Your Own Calculator Construction Set that allowed Jobs to tailor the look of the calculator to his liking. Its design was maintained with the same basic math operations until the final release of classic Mac OS in 2001.
Lack
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TAPE%20Inc.
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Television and Production Exponents Inc. (TAPE Inc.) is a Philippine television production company established on July 7, 1981 and is a partner of GMA Network Inc. (after Radio Philippines Network and ABS-CBN Corporation). It was founded by Romeo Jalosjos Sr. with Antonio "Tony" Tuviera, Vic Sotto, Tito Sotto and Joey de Leon. It is known as the producer of the longest running noontime variety show (and franchise) Eat Bulaga!, among several Philippine television dramas. The offices and production studios are located at Xavierville Avenue, Loyola Heights, Quezon City. After Tuviera's retirement as a CEO in March 2023, Romeo “Jon-Jon” M. Jalosjos Jr. took over his role before the Sotto brothers alongside De Leon resigned at the end of May due to internal conflicts between them and the new management of the production company.
Shows produced by TAPE Inc.
Co-productions
Previously produced shows
Eat Bulaga! Lenten Drama Specials
These were traditionally aired during Holy Week.
1990
Ang Angkan ni David
1991
Nang si Hudas ay Nadulas
Numero Uno' Part 1
Numero Uno' Part 2
1993
Tatlong Makasalanan
1994
Nauntog si Hestas, Nagising si Dimas
1995
Bakit Naman Ako Pa?
1997
Mga Ginoong Marya
2001
Sino Ang Bestfriend Ko?
2003
The Manager
May Isang Bata
2004
Ama't Anak
Alalay
Angel
2005
Perfect
True Love
Tahanan
2006
Mama
Waiting Room
Ganyan Kita Kamahal
2007
Sa Iyong Paglaya
Binhi Sa Matabang Lupa
Star
2008
Ang Mga Anak Ng Maestro
2014
Karugtong ng Puso
Ilaw ng Kahapon
Hakbang sa Pangarap
Kulungan Kanlungan
Anyo ng Pag-Ibig
Pangalawang Bukas
2015
Biro ng Kapalaran
Lukso ng Dugo
Pangako ng Pag-Ibig
Pinagpalang Ama
Aruga ng Puso
Sukli ng Pagmamahal
2016
Dalangin ng Ama
Kaputol ng Buhay
Walang Kapalit
Panata
God Gave Me You
2017
Inay
Kapatid
Pagpapatawad
Prinsesa
Mansyon
Kaibigan
2018
My Carinderia Girl
Haligi ng Pangarap
Pamilya
A Daughter's Love
Hating Kapatid
Taray ni Tatay
2019
Bulawan
Biyaheng Broken Hearted
Ikigai: Ang Buhay Ng Buhay Ko
TAPE TV Specials
Eat Bulaga 10th Anniversary Special (1989)
Eat Bulaga 20th Anniversary Special (1999)
Eat Bulaga! Silver Special (2004)
Eat Bulaga 30th Anniversary Special (2009)
A Party for Every Juan: The Jose and Wally Concert (2012)
Jose and Wally Concert: A Party For Juan and All (2013)
AlDub: Sa Tamang Panahon at the Philippine Arena (2015)
Imagine You and Me: The Journey (2016)
Miss Millennial Philippines Grand Coronation Day Special at the MOA Arena (2017)
Love Is... (2017)
Pamana (2018)
See also
List of GMA Network original programming
List of GMA Network original drama series
References
Television series by M-Zet Productions
TV5 (Philippine TV network)
ABS-CBN
GMA Network
Radio Philippines Network
Television in Metro Manila
Television production companies of the Philippines
Mass media companies established in 1978
Companies based in Quezon City
1978 establishments in the Phili
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk%20Biskupia%20G%C3%B3rka%20railway%20station
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Gdańsk Biskupia Górka is a former railway station in Gdańsk, Poland, which existed between 1908 and 1965.
Lines crossing the station
References
Gdańsk Biskupia Górka at Polish stations database , URL accessed on 24 January 2006
External links
www.gdansk.pl (Gdańsk official website)
trojmiasto.pl (Tricity website)
Biskupia Gorka
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Railway stations closed in 1948
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LabPlot
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LabPlot is a free software and cross-platform computer program for interactive scientific graphing and data analysis, written for the KDE desktop. It is similar to Origin and is able to import Origin's data files.
History and perspective
LabPlot was initiated by Stefan Gerlach, a scientist and IT administrator at the University of Konstanz. He separately published liborigin, a library for reading OriginLab OPJ project files.
In 2008, developers of LabPlot and SciDAVis (another Origin clone, forked from QtiPlot) "found their project goals to be very similar" and "decided to start a close cooperation" with the aim of merging their code into a common backend, while maintaining "two frontends, one with full KDE4 integration (called LabPlot 2.x) and one with no KDE dependencies (pure Qt) for easier cross-platform use (called SciDAVis)".
In September 2016, LabPlot moved its website from labplot.sourceforge.net to labplot.kde.org.
Features
It is scriptable using Qt Script for Applications (QSA). 2D and 3D plots of data can be rendered in a "worksheet", either by directly reading datafiles or from a spreadsheet, which LabPlot supports. It has interfaces to several libraries, including GSL for data analysis, the Qwt3d libraries for 3D plotting using OpenGL, FFTW for fast Fourier transforms and supports exporting to 80 image formats and raw PostScript. Other key features include live data plotting, support for the FITS format, for LaTeX and Rich Text labels, data masking, data picking from images, multiple plots in the same worksheet, pie charts, bar charts/histograms, interpolation, data smoothing, peak fitting, nonlinear curve fitting, regression, deconvolution, integral transforms, and others (see developers website listed below for details). The interface is translated in various languages.
LabPlot uses the Qt widget set for its graphical interface. Under Linux it is integrated with the KDE desktop and has drag and drop support with KDE's applications. Since version 2.5 LabPlot is also available for Windows.
See also
List of information graphics software
Comparison of numerical-analysis software
References
Free educational software
Free plotting software
Free software programmed in C
Free software programmed in C++
KDE software
Plotting software
Regression and curve fitting software
Software that uses Qt
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploticus
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Ploticus is a free, open-source (GPL) computer program for producing plots and charts from data. It runs under Unix, Solaris, Mac OS X, Linux and Win32 systems. Community support is customarily done through Yahoo News Groups.
History
The first version was released August 25, 1999. Ploticus is a mature product with activity, where the last major release (2.42) occurred in May 2013. Bruce Byfield in Linux.com described Ploticus as, "...a throwback to the days when Unix programs did one thing, and did it well, using a minimum of system resources."
On December 17th 20176, the author announced halting development and support of ploticus. A previous bug fix was released as a patch without a new version being released. Finally on March 16th 2023, the author announced their focus shifted to DataDraw, a new project implemented in Python exposing an API to generate SVG graphs.
Graph types and features
At the center of Ploticus lies a scripting language. Through the scripting language, "2-D graphs and... basic statistical functions" are supported. Sophisticated graphs can be developed quickly using scripts previously developed, called "prefabs". Simple graphs can be produced using few parameters in addition to the data. Users can create and modify "prefabs".
Ploticus supports the following types of plot: line plots, filled line plots, category line plots, ranges sweeps, pie graphs, vertical bar graphs, horizontal bar charts, timelines, floating bar segments, bar proportions, scatter plots, heat maps (density grids), single variable distribution, error bars, curve fitting, vector plots, Venn diagrams, Venn magnitude charts, tree diagrams. Features include: scaling and axes, legends, annotations, clickmap, and mouse-over support.
Applications
Ploticus has been used for:
Animal Phenome Graphing
Climate Trending
Health Data Analysis
As a plug-in
Ploticus can be used as a plug-in with various other software such as:
Semantic MediaWiki
Asterisk PBX GUI Client
See also
List of graphing software
References
External links
Free plotting software
Free statistical software
Plotting software
Free software programmed in C
1999 software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kst%20%28software%29
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Kst is a plotting and data viewing program. It is a general purpose plotting software program that evolved out of a need to visualize and analyze astronomical data, but has also found subsequent use in the real time display of graphical information. Kst is a KDE application and is freely available for anyone to download and use under the terms of the GPL. It is noted for being able to graph real-time data acquisition.
History
Kst was initially developed by Barth Netterfield, an astrophysicist as a personal project. By 2004 it had begun to be used in various universities and the European Space Agency and development was funded by the Canadian Space Agency. Kst is written in C++ and based upon (but does not use) the Tk toolkit. It is targeted towards large (million element) data sets.
Features
kst is a fast real-time large-dataset plotting and viewing tool with basic data analysis functionality.
Plot types
kst is able to plot histograms and 3-D with color and contour mapping for 3-D images. It is also able to process Network Common Data Form (NETCDF) files for 2-d plotting
Real-time plotting capability
Kst has been chosen where there is a need to present plots in real-time.
Applications
Real-time applications vary in size from simple graphing of a sensor from a microcontroller such as arduino that may be set up by a hobbyist to a simple sensor to plotting of real time date from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. The program has been recommended for real time graphical display of an open energy monitoring project.
Inputs
Kst is able to accept a number input formats with Dirfiles being particularly suitable for streaming applications and plug-in extension filters enabling other input stream types and file formats to be added.
Scripting language
The tool offers a scripting language, termed KstScript based upon JavaScript syntax which can help automate workflows.
Alternatives
Some alternatives include MATLAB, Qtiplot, SciDAVis, Grace and LabPlot. However, some of these are part of a numerical analysis package.
Spin-off developments
Dirfile format
In the process of developing the kst application a spin-off was the emergence of the Dirfile file format standard for time-ordered binary data in an efficient manner. It was developed under the Getdata project into an independent standard with its own API.
See also
List of graphing software
QtiPlot, for scientific graphing and data analysis
SciDAVis
LabPlot
HippoDraw
External links
kst webpage
Notes and references
Notes
References
Free plotting software
KDE Applications
Plotting software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t%20Blame%20Me%20%28TV%20series%29
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Don't Blame Me is an Australian children's television program. In the United Kingdom, the show is known as Don't Blame the Koalas. The series was originally aired on the Nine Network and is also currently shown on ABC3 (the latter channel airing under the UK title).
Series overview
The show is set in Wallaby Park, an Australian wildlife park in the Ku-ring-gai National Park where the King family arrive from the United Kingdom to live with their Australian relatives after going bankrupt. Before they arrive they believe they have inherited a large cattle ranch, but on arrival are disappointed to meet a largely unprofitable, slightly run down wildlife park.
Most of the comedy in the series is slightly surreal in a Round the Twist/Driven Crazy style way. Special effects and sounds are used to convey the characters actions mixed in with slightly speeded up footage when walking. Many of the characters frequently break the fourth wall. Having to do whatever means to keep the wildlife park up to building code standards for visitor's, Vinnie – played by Anh Do – has a dark past that he must call upon his old friends still involved in the Golden Triangle to save the day.
Cast
Liam Hess – Gregory King
Hollie Chapman – Gemma King
Basia A'Hern – Kate King
Shaun Loseby- Mark King
Henry Nixon – Chris King
Fiona Terry – Gabrielle King
Anh Do – Vinnie
Wendy Playfair - Mrs. Smythe
Rhys Wakefield - Brad
Sophie Luck
Season 1
Production
Filming
Much of the filming for Don't Blame the Koalas was done on location in various parts of the Thirty Mile Zone around Los Angeles.
Unlike Malcolm in the Middle, studio filming for Don't Blame the Koalas took place on Stage 21 at Nine Network Australia, 1 Denison Street, North Sydney.
Like Malcolm in the Middle, hallmarks of the series' filming and structure, many of which heavily influenced later programs, included the following:
A 1 and a half second whip pan as a transition from one scene to another.
Frequent pieces to camera delivered by the King family.
External links
Australian children's television series
Children's comedy television series
Nine Network original programming
2002 Australian television series debuts
2003 Australian television series endings
Television series by Endemol Australia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZR%20E%20class%20%281872%29
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The NZR E class of Double Fairlie steam locomotives were two different types of Fairlie steam locomotives, used on New Zealand's railway network.
They were the first classes to take that designation, followed by the E class Mallet compound locomotive of 1906 and then the E class battery electric locomotive of 1922. The other Double Fairlie class was the B class, and there were also the Single Fairlie R and S classes.
History
In 1872, two locomotives were ordered by the Otago provincial government to operate trains on the newly built Dunedin and Port Chalmers Railway. The first line to be built to the new national gauge standard of 3 feet 6 inches, it had as its consulting engineer Robert F. Fairlie, who persuaded the railway to order locomotives to his Double Fairlie design. Built by the Vulcan Foundry in England, the locomotives were shipped to New Zealand in kit set form. Arriving at Port Chalmers in August, they were unloaded onto the wharf and were assembled in situ. The railway's No.2 "Josephine" was assembled first due to its being closer to the end of the wharf, and after two weeks of assembly she first raised steam on 11 September 1872. After a short test run, "Josephine" was used to help finish the construction of the line while No. 1 "Rose" was completed.
In 1875, seeking additional motive power for the lightly-laid lines of the period, the national Government placed an order with Avonside for six Double Fairlie locomotives that became the E class. Larger and more powerful than the Vulcan Double Fairlies, the Avonside locomotives proved to be the most successful Double Fairlies in NZ. An initial feature of the class was the positioning of the sandboxes on top of the smokebox and around the base of the funnel, later changed. The class also continued the use of Walschaerts valve gear that was introduced on the B class Double Fairlies.
In service
At the official opening of the Dunedin and Port Chalmers Railway, "Rose" hauled the first official train. Both locomotives continued in service until the railway was amalgamated into the Government system, becoming class "E" and gaining Otago section numbers. In 1879, "Josephine" was used as a banking locomotive south of Oamaru on the first train on the newly completed Main South Line between Dunedin and Christchurch, hauled by K 88 "Washington". There was much discussion over whether "Josephine" or the new American locomotive should lead – K 88 kept its position as lead loco. "Josephine" had to be removed from the train at Palmerston, as the driver had forced her to take too much of the load and as a consequence she developed mechanical problems.
Upon the general re-numbering of 1888-90 "Josephine" was numbered E 175, and lasted in NZR service until 1900. She was sold to the Public Works Department, re-numbered PWD 504 and used in the construction of railway lines before they were handed over to the Railways Department. She was transferred to the North Island and utilised in the constru
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weka%20%28software%29
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Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (Weka) is a collection of machine learning and data analysis free software licensed under the GNU General Public License. It was developed at the University of Waikato, New Zealand and is the companion software to the book "Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques".
Description
Weka contains a collection of visualization tools and algorithms for data analysis and predictive modeling, together with graphical user interfaces for easy access to these functions. The original non-Java version of Weka was a Tcl/Tk front-end to (mostly third-party) modeling algorithms implemented in other programming languages, plus data preprocessing utilities in C, and a makefile-based system for running machine learning experiments. This original version was primarily designed as a tool for analyzing data from agricultural domains, but the more recent fully Java-based version (Weka 3), for which development started in 1997, is now used in many different application areas, in particular for educational purposes and research. Advantages of Weka include:
Free availability under the GNU General Public License.
Portability, since it is fully implemented in the Java programming language and thus runs on almost any modern computing platform.
A comprehensive collection of data preprocessing and modeling techniques.
Ease of use due to its graphical user interfaces.
Weka supports several standard data mining tasks, more specifically, data preprocessing, clustering, classification, regression, visualization, and feature selection. Input to Weka is expected to be formatted according the Attribute-Relational File Format and with the filename bearing the extension. All of Weka's techniques are predicated on the assumption that the data is available as one flat file or relation, where each data point is described by a fixed number of attributes (normally, numeric or nominal attributes, but some other attribute types are also supported). Weka provides access to SQL databases using Java Database Connectivity and can process the result returned by a database query. Weka provides access to deep learning with Deeplearning4j. It is not capable of multi-relational data mining, but there is separate software for converting a collection of linked database tables into a single table that is suitable for processing using Weka. Another important area that is currently not covered by the algorithms included in the Weka distribution is sequence modeling.
Extension packages
In version 3.7.2, a package manager was added to allow the easier installation of extension packages.
Some functionality that used to be included with Weka prior to this version has since been moved into such extension packages, but this change also makes it easier for others to contribute extensions to Weka and to maintain the software, as this modular architecture allows independent updates of the Weka core and individual extensions.
History
In 1993,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZR%20P%20class%20%281876%29
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The NZR P class was a class of two ST locomotives built to work on the government-owned national rail network of New Zealand in 1876. They were initially ordered by the Otago Provincial Council, but they were soon incorporated into the national locomotive fleet when the provinces were abolished. Other examples of the P class were built for industrial service and never came under the ownership of the New Zealand Railways Department, though one worked on the Kaitangata Line.
History
The two P class locomotives owned by the Railways Department were known as Kiwi and Weka and they soon passed to the ownership of others, allowing the P classification to be used again in 1885. Weka was the first to leave the ownership of the Railways Department in 1882, when it was acquired by the Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company, who used it for construction and maintenance purposes until 1898. It then came into the possession of the Manawatu County Council's Sanson Tramway, who operated it until 1922, when it passed into the ownership of Mangawhero Sawmilling Co at Karioi and was ultimately scrapped in 1932. Kiwi left the Railways Department's ownership a few years after Weka, just before the arrival of the second P class in 1885. It worked for a number of sawmilling companies throughout the North Island for over half a century, but was derelict in 1956.
See also
NZR A class (1873)
NZR C class (1873)
NZR D class (1874)
NZR P class (1885)
Locomotives of New Zealand
References
Citations
Bibliography
External links
History of some P class members
New Zealand Railways steam locomotives - P class
P class
0-6-0ST locomotives
Scrapped locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1876
3 ft 6 in gauge locomotives of New Zealand
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up0-interface
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Up0-interface}}
For digital transmission, the Up0-Interface is an integrated services digital network (ISDN) interface used in private networks. It is derived from the UK0-Interface used in public networks.
In public networks, the maximum cable length of an U bus is between 4 and 8 km, and the maximum length of an S0-bus is 900 meters for Point-to-Point configuration and about 150-300m for point-to-multipoint configurations. The Up0-bus has, depending on cable quality, a reach of between 2 and 4 km, far more than the S0-bus. This allows the use of ISDN telephone equipment in large private networks. Unlike the S0-bus, the Up0-bus runs at half duplex; that is, both sides alternate in sending and receiving.
While the S0-bus allows for several ISDN device connections (up to 8), the Up0-bus can connect only two devices, one at each end of the cable.
See also
U interface
References
Up0 Interface, Infineon PEB 2096 datasheet
Integrated Services Digital Network
ITU-T recommendations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrasini
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Terrasini is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Palermo on the island of Sicily in Italy.
Data
Terrasini is located west of Palermo at the motorway between Palermo and Trapani, between the mountains and the Gulf of Castellammare near the Palermo International Airport.
Terrasini's population works mainly in fishing and tourism. The population triples during the summer.
Bounding communes are: Carini, Cinisi, Partinico and Trappeto.
History
The name Terrasini probably derives from Latin "terra sinus" = "land at the gulf" (the Gulf of Castellamare) or from "terra sinorum" = "land of the bays" due to the strongly curved coastline with a large number of larger and smaller bays. The name was first cited for the region in a letter from the archive of the abbey San Martino delle Scale near Monreale of 24 November 1350 as "terras vocatas li Terrasini".
The grottoes in the area of Terrasini were inhabited already in the late paleolithic times. On different sites, tracks of Roman settlers were found.
The origin of the town goes back to the late medieval times to a small settlement (called Favarotta) of agricultural workers on the large-scale landed property of the family "La Grua Talamanca" from Carini.
In the 17th century, fishermen settled at the coast. When the former feudal property was left to the agricultural workers for cultivation, a flourishing agriculture developed around the fishers' village.
Modern Terrasini was founded 24 October 1836, when King Ferdinand II issued a decree that the village Favarotta, then considered part of neighboring Cinisi, should be merged with adjoining Terrasini as a single community.
Sights
Culture
Chiesa Madre "Maria SS delle Grazie", (18th century, facade of 1901)
Chiesa "Maria SS della Provvidenza"
Chiesa "Maria SS del Rosario"
Chiesa "S Rosalia", (18th century)
Palazzo Grua, (18th century), now seat of the town administration
Palazzo Cataldi, (18th century), now seat of the town library
Palazzo Aumale, built in the 19th century as a winery by Henri d'Orléans, duc d'Aumale, the son of king Louis-Philippe of France, now comprising the three sections of the Museo Civico:
Museo del Caretto (ethno-anthropological section)
Antiquarium (archeological section)
Museum of history of nature
Old watchtowers along the coast: Torre Alba (16th century), Torre di Capo Rama (15th century), Torre Toledo or Paternella (16th century)
Villa Fassini
Fishers and tourists port
Nature
Grotta Perciata, a large grotto in the cliffs
Cala Rossa (red bay, due to the red colour of the rocks)
Natural Park (Riserva Naturale) Capo Rama
Festivals
Festa di li schietti (on Easter Sunday)
Festa di San Pietro (end of June)
Festa di Maria Santissima delle Grazie (4 September)
Estate Terrasinense (June - September): Season of theater and concert performances throughout the town
Gallery
References
External links
Terrasini on line (official site in Italian)
Terrasini
Photo Album Terrasini
Municipalities of the Metropolitan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valkyrie%20no%20Densetsu
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Valkyrie no Densetsu is a 1989 action-adventure role-playing arcade game developed and published in Japan by Namco. It is a follow-up to the Family Computer game Valkyrie no Bōken (1986). Players control the warrior maiden Valkyrie and her lizard-like companion Kurino Xandra as they set out to drop a mythical item called the Golden Seed into the Northern Fountain to replenish the dying crop fields of Xandra Land. Gameplay involves defeating enemies and collecting gold to purchase magical spells and weapons in shops.
Valkyrie no Densetsu was the creation of Namco artist Hiroshi Fujii and a designer only known by the pseudonym of "Koakuman". The game's world, the fictional kingdom of Marvel Land, was greatly inspired by Viking tales from northern Europe and the middle ages, with a heavy emphasis on having a sort-of "magical" feel of it. It was originally meant to be a four-player action game in the vein of titles like Gauntlet with a cabinet-linking system similar to Final Lap, which was scrapped later on. Characters were made to have personality and depth, a design choice inspired by The Wizard of Oz.
Valkyrie no Densetsu was released in arcades to critical acclaim for its gameplay, characters, and world. Namco ported the game to the PC Engine in 1990, a conversion that was met with a more mixed response for its difficulty, downgraded graphics, and altered gameplay. The game was mostly unknown outside Japan until the release of Namco Museum Vol. 5 in 1997, which renamed the game to The Legend of Valkyrie and was fully translated into English. Several additional ports were made, including those for Windows, Japanese mobile phones, and the Wii Virtual Console.
Gameplay
Valkyrie no Densetsu is an action-adventure role-playing game. The player takes control of the sword-armed warrior maiden Valkyrie, while a second player can join in as Valkyrie's lizard-like companion Kurino Xandra. Both characters have a projectile weapon that can be shot at enemies to defeat them, as well as health meters that deplete if they are hit by an enemy or projectile. A fraction of their health will also be removed if either fall into a pit or off a cliff. A time limit is present, indicated by an hourglass towards the bottom of the screen, which will deplete as the stage progresses – allowing this timer to fully empty will result in the game being over.
Both players can collect gold coins by defeating enemies, which can be used in stores found throughout the game to purchase magic spells, weapons and other items. Some enemies can drop bubble-like items that can be exchanged with certain NPCs in return for powerful magic spells that can deal great damage against enemies. Item prices in shops increase as the game progresses. Players can find treasure chests in certain places that yield powerful, sometimes rare items that are useful for later sections of the game. The game spans a total of eight areas, featuring locations such as grassy plateaus, icefields, caves and dun
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSP
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INSP can refer to:
A short form of Inspector
INSP (TV network), a cable television network
Institut national du service public, an educational institution in France
International Network of Street Papers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genstat
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Genstat (General Statistics) is a statistical software package with data analysis capabilities, particularly in the field of agriculture.
It was developed in 1968 by the Rothamsted Research in the United Kingdom and was designed to provide modular design, linear mixed models and graphical functions. It was developed and distributed by VSN International (VSNi), which was owned by The Numerical Algorithms Group and Rothamsted Research.
Genstat is used in a number of research areas, including plant science, forestry, animal science, and medicine.
See also
ASReml: a statistical package which fits linear mixed models to large data sets with complex variance models, using Residual Maximum Likelihood (REML)
References
Further reading
External links
Genstat homepage. VSN International (VSNi).
Fortran software
Statistical software
Windows-only proprietary software
Biostatistics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-PLUS
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S-PLUS is a commercial implementation of the S programming language sold by TIBCO Software Inc.
It features object-oriented programming capabilities and advanced analytical algorithms.
Due to the increasing popularity of the open source S successor R, TIBCO Software released the TIBCO Enterprise Runtime for R (TERR) as an alternative R interpreter.
Historical timeline
1988: S-PLUS is first produced by a Seattle-based start-up company called Statistical Sciences, Inc. The founder and sole owner is R. Douglas Martin, professor of statistics at the University of Washington, Seattle.
1993: Statistical Sciences acquires the exclusive license to distribute S and merges with MathSoft, becoming the firm's Data Analysis Products Division (DAPD).
1995: S-PLUS 3.3 for Windows 95/NT. Matrix library, command history, Trellis graphics
1996: S-PLUS 3.4 for UNIX. Trellis graphics, (non-linear mixed effects) library, hexagonal binning, cluster methods.
1997: S-PLUS 4 for Windows. New GUI, integration with Excel, editable graphics.
1998: S-PLUS 4.5 for Windows. Scatterplot brushing, create S-PLUS graphs from within Excel & SPSS.
1998: S-PLUS is available for Linux & Solaris.
1999: S-PLUS 5 for Solaris, Linux, HP-UX, AIX, IRIX, and DEC Alpha. S-PLUS 2000 for Windows. 3.3, quality control charting, new commands for data manipulation.
2000: S-PLUS 6 for Linux/Unix. Java-based GUI, Graphlets, survival5, missing data library, robust library.
2001: MathSoft sells its Cambridge-based Engineering and Education Products Division (EEPD), changes name to Insightful Corporation, and moves headquarters to Seattle. This move is basically an "Undo" of the previous merger between MathSoft and Statistical Sciences, Inc.
2001: S-PLUS Analytic Server 2.0. S-PLUS 6 for Windows (Excel integration, C++ classes/libraries for connectivity, Graphlets, S version 4, missing data library, robust library).
2002: StatServer 6. Student edition of S-PLUS now free.
2003: S-PLUS 6.2 New reporting, database integration, improved Graphlets, ported to AIX, libraries for correlated data, Bayesian methods, multivariate regressions.
2004: Insightful purchases the S language from Lucent Technologies for $2 million.
2004: S+ArrayAnalyzer 2.0 released.
2005: S-PLUS 7.0 released. BigData library for working with larger-than-memory data sets, S-PLUS Workbench (Eclipse development tool). Insightful Miner 7.0 released.
2007: S-PLUS 8 released. New package system, language extensions for R package compatibility, Workbench debugger.
2008: TIBCO acquires Insightful Corporation for $25 million.
See also
R programming language
References
Programming languages
Proprietary commercial software for Linux
Statistical software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%20keyboard%20extension
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In human–computer interfaces, the X keyboard extension or XKB is a part of the X Window System that extends the ability to control the keyboard over what is offered by the X Window System core protocol, and allows to use multiple keyboard layouts.
Its main features are:
enhanced support for modifiers (, , etc.);
better treatment of key groups (typically keyboard layouts);
extended control of keyboard indicators (LEDs) and bells;
various new keyboard parameters (controls);
association of actions (of a particular kind) to keys.
XKB is composed of two parts: a server extension and a client library. Modern versions of Xlib contain XKB, which is active by default. Client programs not using this extension can deactivate it before connecting with the server, or can simply work normally as the extension simulates the core protocol by default.
XKB is also used by Wayland compositors and kmscon.
Latched and locked modifiers
XKB allows a modifier to be locked or latched, other than being in its regular state. Normally, a modifier is active exactly when it is pressed, like the Shift. However, a modifier may also be locked, like the Caps Lock modifier. When a modifier is locked, it remains active until it is explicitly deactivated. An intermediate condition between regular and locked is the latched state: When a modifier is latched, it remains active, but only until the next non-modifier key is pressed.
XKB allows a client application to explicitly latch or lock a modifier. Moreover, an application can bind a key press or release to a modifier state change. This way, a modifier may automatically become latched or locked whenever a key is pressed or released.
Key groups
XKB allows for the keyboard to switch between any of four different character groups. This is usually done for making a keyboard behave like a keyboard of a different language. In this context, the set of characters that is generated by the keyboard is called a group, and a keyboard can switch to a different group at any time.
XKB defines some group selectors (which are simply called groups in the specification). As with modifiers, a group selector can be associated with a key, but can also be latched or locked.
Controls
The behavior of the keyboard depends on a number of parameters that can be changed by the clients. These parameters are called controls. For example, the SlowKey control can be used to ignore short keypresses. Another control is the MouseKeys, which makes some keypresses to simulate mouse movements. The control only indicates whether this simulation is active or not; which keys produce the movement is not considered a part of the control, but is specified by attaching actions to these keys.
The above two controls are boolean: they are either active or not. The PerKeyRepeat is a control that is not boolean. Namely, it is a mask that says which keys are in autorepeat mode. According to the specification, non-boolean controls are "always active": that means tha
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootcfg
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In computing, bootcfg is a command on Microsoft Windows NT-based operating systems which acts as a wrapper for editing the boot.ini file.
Overview
The command is used to configure, query, or change Boot.ini file settings. A similar command exists in the Recovery Console for repairing or rebuilding boot configuration files.
Though NTLDR and boot.ini are no longer used to boot Windows Vista and later versions of Windows NT, they ship with the bootcfg utility regardless. This is to handle boot.ini in the case that a multi-boot configuration with previous versions of Windows exists and needs troubleshooting from within the later operating system.
Windows Vista and later versions will warn users who run bootcfg that BCDEdit is the correct command to modify its booting options.
Syntax
The command-syntax is:
bootcfg <parameter> [arguments...]
Parameters
addsw – Add operating system load options
copy – Make a copy of an existing boot entry
dbg1394 – Configures 1394 port debugging
debug – Add or changes debug settings
default – Specify the default operating system entry
delete – Deletes an operating system entry
ems – Add or change settings for redirection of the Emergency Management Services console
query – Query and displays [boot loader] and [operating systems] section entries
raw – Add operating system load options
rmsw – Remove operating system load options
timeout – Change operating system time-out value
References
Further reading
External links
bootcfg | Microsoft Docs
Windows administration
Windows commands
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apu%20Mallku
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Apu Mallku is an Aymara title meaning "supreme leader" or "king" conferred on a Mallku or "prince". The Apu Mallku's mandate is to oversee the vast network of Ayllus, an ancient Andean system of governing councils that predates even the Inca empire. It appears that the mandate of the Apu Mallku was initially restricted to the Collasuyu (the traditional Aymara lands of Bolivia, parts of Peru and northern Chile) but it could now be interpreted (since a resolution in 2000) to extend to the bounds of the much larger former Inca realm of the Tawantinsuyu which stretched throughout the Andes incorporating the modern states of Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Chile and Argentina. The self-appellation for the people of this combined territory is Qullana.
It would seem through the ayllus system there is a large degree of coordination between both the Aymara and the Quechua nations. Apu Mallku was the title bestowed upon Evo Morales on 21 January 2006 at Tiwanaku, the day before his official inauguration as president of Bolivia.
Apu Mallku
Juan Evo Morales Ayma, the incumbent (2006– )
Antonio Machaca (2004–2006?)
Vicente Flores Lorenza Mostacero (2003–2004?)
Max Paredes (2000–2003)
National Council of Ayllus and Markas of the Qullasuyu (Conamaq)
This parliament or Jacha Ulaka consists of 150 delegates sent from the ayllus of the Greater Collasuyu region. This region is also called Qullakas Asanajaqes. The parliament holds regular meetings at Tiwanaku and Cochabamba in Bolivia and other places. It was first constituted on March 22, 1997, and was composed of the regional organizations: Jatun Quillakas Asanajaqis, J'acha Carangas, Charka Qhara Qhara, First Nations' Council of Potosi's Ayllus, Qhara Qhara, Ayllus of Cochabamba, Jach'a Suyu Pakajak'i, Urus, Saoras-Chuwis, and Kallawayas.
Council of Mallkus and Amautas of the Parliament of the Qullana
There is also an institution called the Council of Mallkus and Amautas which acts rather like an upper house consisting of four delegates from each of the modern states that comprise the Qullakas Asanajaqes. During the period 2000 - 2003 those delegates were:
Jalsuri (Bolivia)
Max Paredes
Julian Bautista
Félix López
Representative of Potosí (Quechua)
Araxa (Peru)
Teofilo Lauracio
Esteban Mamani
Fortunato Escobar
Gladiz Vázques
Jalanta (Chile)
Magdalena Choque
Crispín Chura
Joaquin García
Alejandra Flores
Aynacha (Argentina)
Gerónimo Alvarez
Celina Avendaño
Saturnino Mamani
Natalia Zana Pura
Quotations
References
https://web.archive.org/web/20051125113751/http://www.aymaranet.org/ParlamentoAymara10.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20050903171723/http://www.aymara.org/chaxwa/noticias02/ppqa.html
http://www.llacta.org/organiz/coms/com629.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20070107183218/http://www.renacerbol.com.ar/varios/notasextras/ingles01.htm
La Ciudad (Bolivia Edition) - May 25, 2004
Politics of Bolivia
Titles of national or ethnic leadership
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20CW
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The CW Television Network (commonly referred to as just The CW) is an American English-language commercial broadcast television network controlled by Nexstar Media Group, with a 75 percent ownership interest, through The CW Network, LLC. The network's name is derived from the first letters of the names of its two founding co-owners CBS Corporation and Warner Bros. (the latter was owned by Time Warner, later AT&T's WarnerMedia). Nexstar closed its acquisition of a controlling interest in The CW on October 3, 2022, with Paramount Global and Warner Bros. Discovery (CBS Corporation and WarnerMedia's respective successors) each retaining a 12.5 percent ownership stake.
The CW debuted on September 18, 2006, as the successor to UPN and The WB, which had respectively shut down on September 15 and 17 of that year. The CW's first two nights of programming – on September 18 and 19, 2006 – consisted of reruns and launch-related specials. The CW marked its formal launch date on September 20, 2006, with the two-hour premiere of the seventh cycle of America's Next Top Model. The network's programming lineup is intended to appeal mainly to viewers between the ages of 18 and 34, although from 2008 to 2011, the network shifted its programming to appeal to women in that demographic. As of August 2017, The CW's audience was 50 percent male and 50 percent female.
The network runs programming seven days a week: airing nightly in prime time, along with a Saturday morning live-action educational programming block produced by Hearst Media Production Group called One Magnificent Morning.
The network is also available in southern Canada on pay television providers through stations owned-and-operated by Nexstar and on affiliates owned by others that are located within proximity to the Canada–United States border (whose broadcasts of CW shows are subject to simultaneous substitution laws imposed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, if a Canadian network holds the broadcast rights); it is also available through two Nexstar-controlled stations that are classified in the United States as superstations – New York City-based de facto flagship WPIX and Los Angeles-based secondary flagship KTLA.
Additionally, The CW is available in northern Mexico through affiliates located near the Mexico–U.S. border (such as KFMB-DT2—San Diego/Tijuana, KECY-DT3 in El Centro, California, KVIA-DT2 in El Paso, and KCWT-CD with simulcast network KMBH-LD2 in McAllen/Brownsville, Texas) on pay television providers. In both Canada and Mexico, some free-to-air CW affiliate signals originating from the U.S. are receivable over-the-air in border areas depending on the station's signal coverage.
History
1993–2006: Predecessors and formation
The WB and UPN both launched within one week of each other in January 1995, just as the Fox network had started to secure a foothold with American television audiences. The two networks launched to limited fanfare and generally medio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CM5
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CM5 may refer to:
Connection Machine CM5 supercomputer
Part of the British CM postcode area
Cocaine Muzik 5, a mixtape by rapper Yo Gotti.
The CM5 Electrocardiography lead configuration (right arm electrode on manubrium, left arm electrode on V5 and indifferent lead on left shoulder), used to detect left ventricular ischaemia during general anaesthesia.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20The%20CW%20affiliates%20%28table%29
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The CW is a television network based in the United States. The network is currently owned by a consortium of Nexstar Media Group, which owns a majority 75 percent stake, with Warner Bros. Discovery and Paramount Global, each with 12.5 percent interests. The CW covers just over 98 percent of television homes in the United States, with network affiliate over-the-air coverage in all of the top 100 Nielsen-ranked markets.
Stations are listed in alphabetical order by city of license.
A blue background indicates an affiliate originating as a digital subchannel.
A gray background indicates a low-power station or translator.
A lavender blue background indicates an affiliate originating as a digital subchannel of a low-power station.
An orange background indicates a station transmitting in the ATSC 3.0 format.
Affiliate stations
CW Plus affiliates
LIV Golf-only affiliates
The following stations, while not affiliates of The CW, carry the network's coverage of LIV Golf via secondary affiliations:
One Magnificent Morning
As the contract for One Magnificent Morning is actually a traditional syndication agreement with Hearst Media Production Group entered into exclusively by CW affiliates, one former CBS-owned affiliate of the network continues to carry it on Sunday mornings, even after its disaffiliation.
Notes
Operational agreements
Primary and secondary affiliations
Satellites and semi-satellites
ATSC 1.0 simulcasts
Miscellany
See also
List of The CW affiliates (by U.S. state)
Lists of Fox television affiliates
Lists of ABC television affiliates
Lists of CBS television affiliates
Lists of NBC television affiliates
References
External links
Official The CW local affiliate list
The CW
The CW
Affiliates
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20on%20Mars
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First on Mars may refer to:
First on Mars (website), a web application that aggregates links to cable and network TV shows
No Man Friday, a British science fiction novel known in the USA as First on Mars
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cory%20Johnson
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Career
Cory Johnson is the founder and CEO of the Business Podcast Network and hosts the daily Drill Down podcast. Previously he served as Chief Market Strategist for Ripple, a digital payments solution company that utilizes blockchain technology. He was the first Silicon Valley correspondent for CNBC business news and co-host of Bloomberg West with Emily Chang where they discussed the tech sector. Johnson also covered internet companies, social media, cloud computing, and various other developments in technology, media, and entertainment. He also hosted "Bloomberg Markets" on radio, alongside Carol Massar. Johnson is also a member of Investigative Reporters and Editors.
He sits on the board of the Rochester YMCA's Camp Cory, which he attended in his youth.
Education
Johnson grew up in Rochester, New York.
He attended New York University where he received his undergraduate degree.
Honors and awards
Johnson was featured in Houghton Mifflin's The Best American Sportswriters.
References
External links
Bloomberg bio
1966 births
Living people
American male journalists
American television reporters and correspondents
American magazine editors
New York University alumni
CNBC people
Bloomberg L.P. people
20th-century American journalists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Cantwell%20Smith
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Brian Cantwell Smith is a philosopher and cognitive scientist working in the fields of cognitive science, computer science, information studies, and philosophy, especially ontology.
His research has focused on the foundations and philosophy of computing, both in the practice and theory of computer science, and in the use of computational metaphors in other fields, such as philosophy, cognitive science, physics, and art. He is currently professor of information, computer science, and philosophy at University of Toronto.
Career
Smith received his BS, MS and PhD degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Smith's 1982 doctoral dissertation introduced the notion of computational reflection in programming languages, an area of active ongoing research in computer science. Past publications have addressed questions in computational reflection, meta-level architecture, programming languages, and knowledge representation. Over the last decade, his work has focused on fundamental issues in the foundations of epistemology, ontology, and metaphysics.
He was a founder of the Center for the Study of Language and Information at Stanford University, and a founder and first president of Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility. Smith served as principal scientist at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, in the 1980s.
Smith is the author of more than 35 articles and three books,. One of his books is called On the Origin of Objects, MIT Press, 1996. He had promised for several years that he is about to publish a seven-volume series entitled The Age of Significance: An Essay on the Origins of Computation and Intentionality but so far only a forty-three page introduction has been released.
Smith was Dean of the University of Toronto Faculty of Information from 2003–2008.
Smith previously held a Canada Research Chair in the Foundations of Information, and is cross-appointed as Professor in the departments of Philosophy and Computer Science and in the Program in Communication, Culture and Technology at University of Toronto at Mississauga.
Personal life
His father was the celebrated scholar of religion Wilfred Cantwell Smith.
External links
Brian Cantwell Smith 'On the Origin of Objects'
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
American computer scientists
Academic staff of the University of Toronto
Duke University faculty
Scientists at PARC (company)
Stanford University Department of Philosophy faculty
Canada Research Chairs
Stanford University School of Engineering faculty
Scientists from Missouri
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20%28occupation%29
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The term "computer", in use from the early 17th century (the first known written reference dates from 1613), meant "one who computes": a person performing mathematical calculations, before electronic computers became commercially available. Alan Turing described the "human computer" as someone who is "supposed to be following fixed rules; he has no authority to deviate from them in any detail." Teams of people, often women from the late nineteenth century onwards, were used to undertake long and often tedious calculations; the work was divided so that this could be done in parallel. The same calculations were frequently performed independently by separate teams to check the correctness of the results.
Since the end of the 20th century, the term "human computer" has also been applied to individuals with prodigious powers of mental arithmetic, also known as mental calculators.
Origins in sciences
Astronomers in Renaissance times used that term about as often as they called themselves "mathematicians" for their principal work of calculating the positions of planets. They often hired a "computer" to assist them. For some men, such as Johannes Kepler, assisting a scientist in computation was a temporary position until they moved on to greater advancements. Before he died in 1617, John Napier suggested ways by which "the learned, who perchance may have plenty of pupils and computers" might construct an improved logarithm table.
Computing became more organized when the Frenchman Alexis Claude Clairaut (1713–1765) divided the computation to determine the time of the return of Halley's Comet with two colleagues, Joseph Lalande and Nicole-Reine Lepaute. Human computers continued plotting the future movements of astronomical objects to create celestial tables for almanacs in the late 1760s.
The computers working on the Nautical Almanac for the British Admiralty included William Wales, Israel Lyons and Richard Dunthorne. The project was overseen by Nevil Maskelyne. Maskelyne would borrow tables from other sources as often as he could in order to reduce the number of calculations his team of computers had to make.
Women were generally excluded, with some exceptions such as Mary Edwards who worked from the 1780s to 1815 as one of thirty-five computers for the British Nautical Almanac used for navigation at sea. The United States also worked on their own version of a nautical almanac in the 1840s, with Maria Mitchell being one of the best-known computers on the staff.
Other innovations in human computing included the work done by a group of boys who worked in the Octagon Room of the Royal Greenwich Observatory for Astronomer Royal, George Airy. Airy's computers, hired after 1835, could be as young as fifteen and they were working on a backlog of astronomical data. The way that Airy organized the Octagon Room with a manager, pre-printed computing forms and standardized methods of calculating and checking results (similar to the way the Nautical Almanac
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melissa%20Elias
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Melissa Elias is a Canadian actress. She stars in the television series Safehaven and Falcon Beach on the Global Television Network and ABC Family. She is in the Lions Gate theatrical picture Tamara (2005). Elias also stars in the dystopian Gen RX distributed by Tricoast Worldwide, winning 2014 California Film Competition at California Film Awards.
References
Canadian film actresses
Canadian television actresses
Living people
21st-century Canadian actresses
Year of birth missing (living people)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Packet%20Switched%20Service
|
The International Packet Switched Service (IPSS) was the first international and commercial packet switching network. It was created in 1978 by a collaboration between Britain's Post Office Telecommunications, and the United States' Western Union International and Tymnet.
History
This network grew from Europe and the United States to cover Canada, Hong Kong and Australia by 1981, and by the 1990s it provided a worldwide networking infrastructure.
Companies and individual users could connect in to the network, via a PSS (Packet Switch Stream) modem, or an X.25 PAD (packet assembler/disassembler), and a dedicated PSS line, and use it to connect to a variety of online databases and mainframe systems. There was a choice of about three different speeds of PSS lines, although a faster line was more costly to rent.
By 1984 British Telecom had joined the PSS to the global network and was providing IPSS services to customers. Companies including Dynatech, were providers of Interconnectivity and infrastructure devices including line drivers, modems, self configuring modems, 4 port, 8 port and 16 port PADs, and switches. These were physical boxes delivering full implementation of x.25, x.28, x.29 and x.3 protocols with physical connectivity conforming to RS232 asynchronous connectivity specification.
In 1988 the IPSS directory listed approximately 800 global sites available for connection via X.25.
The network later adopted TCP/IP and provided infrastructure for the early Internet.
See also
History of the Internet
Public data network
References
Sources
BT Group
Computer-related introductions in 1978
General Post Office
History of computing in the United Kingdom
History of telecommunications in the United Kingdom
Packets (information technology)
Western Union
X.25
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal%20MicroEngine
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Pascal MicroEngine is a series of microcomputer products manufactured by Western Digital from 1979 through the mid-1980s, designed specifically to run the UCSD p-System efficiently. Compared to other microcomputers, which use a machine language p-code interpreter, the Pascal MicroEngine has its interpreter implemented in microcode; p-code is its machine language. The most common programming language used on the p-System is Pascal.
The MicroEngine runs a special release III p-System. The enhancements of release III were incorporated into release IV which was made publicly available for other platforms but not for the MicroEngine.
Products
The MicroEngine series of products was offered at various levels of integration:
WD-9000 five chip microprocessor chip set
WD-900 single board computer
WD-90 packaged system
SB-1600 MicroEngine single board computer
ME-1600 Modular MicroEngine packaged system
The MicroEngine chipset was based on the MCP-1600 chipset, which formed the basis of the DEC LSI-11 low-end minicomputer and the WD16 processor used by Alpha Microsystems (each using different microcode).
One of the well regarded systems was the S-100 bus based dual processor cards developed by Digicomp Research of Ithaca, NY. These cards deserve an entry on their own, as they survived the demise of the WD single-board system and delivered reliable performance at up to 2.5Mhz. A typical configuration was a Digicomp dual processor board set, containing a Zilog Z80 and a bipolar memory mapper harnessed to a microengine chipset on the second board, linked by a direct cable. The sole configuration known to be still running in 2018 and documented on the web is described by Marcus Wigan and contains 312 kB of memory, RAM disc support through a modified Z80 BIOS (written by Tom Evans) taking advantage of the memory mapping chip on the Z80 board, and using the UCSD Pascal III version of the operating system tuned specifically for the WD chipset - once the Microengine had booted the ram-disc was available. A software facility within UCSD Pascal allowed the system to copy the entire operating system to the ram disc and transfer control to it. This sped it up remarkably. This use of a Z80 BIOS to handle all the devices, allowed the use of a range of floppy discs, I/O boards and hard disk controllers.
The performance of this Microengine on a series of simply Interface Age benchmarks (originally designed for BASIC programs) is documented in an Australian Computer Society, MICSIG, paper presented at the National Conference on Microcomputer Software, Canberra, ACT presented in June 1982, along with a wide range of other contemporary machines and compilers, including Z80 systems supported by the 9511 APU chip hosted in the Digicomp S-100 Microengine system that he used.
Reception
At the time of introduction, the only competitors were 8-bit processors (mainly Intel 8080, Z80, and MOS Technology 6502 based systems). The MicroEngine could compile Pascal source
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WS-Discovery
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Web Services Dynamic Discovery (WS-Discovery) is a technical specification that defines a multicast discovery protocol to locate services on a local network. It operates over TCP and UDP port 3702 and uses IP multicast address or . As the name suggests, the actual communication between nodes is done using web services standards, notably SOAP-over-UDP.
Various components in Microsoft's Windows Vista operating system use WS-Discovery, e.g. "People near me". The component WSDMON in Windows 7 and later uses WS-Discovery to automatically discover WSD-enabled network printers, which show in Network in Windows Explorer, and can be installed by double-clicking on them. In Windows 8 or later installation is automatic. WS-Discovery is enabled by default in networked HP printers since 2008. WS-Discovery is an integral part of Windows Rally technologies and Devices Profile for Web Services.
The protocol was originally developed by BEA Systems, Canon, Intel, Microsoft, and WebMethods. On July 1, 2009 it was approved as a standard by OASIS.
See also
Avahi
Bonjour
DHCP
Jini
List of Web service specifications
LLMNR
OSGi Alliance
SSDP
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP)
Web Services Discovery
Web Services for Devices
Zero-configuration networking (Zeroconf)
References
External links
Where to find Web Services on the Web
WS-Discovery specification version 1.0 (2005/04)
WS-Discovery specification version 1.1 Draft (2008/09)
WS-Discovery specification version 1.1 Final (2009/01)
Windows communication and services
Web service specifications
Web services
XML-based standards
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