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Context: The Bengali Renaissance refers to a social reform movement during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the Bengal region of India during the period of British rule dominated by English educated Bengali Hindus. The Bengal Renaissance can be said to have started with Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1772–1833) and ended with Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941), although many stalwarts thereafter continued to embody particular aspects of the unique intellectual and creative output of the region. Nineteenth century Bengal was a unique blend of religious and social reformers, scholars, literary giants, journalists, patriotic orators, and scientists, all merging to form the image of a renaissance, and marked the transition from the 'medieval' to the 'modern'. Question: What was the social reform movement centered in Bengal in the 19th to early 20th century? Answer: Bengali Renaissance Question: What group lead the Bengali Renaissance? Answer: English educated Bengali Hindus Question: With whom did the Renaissance movement begin? Answer: Raja Ram Mohan Roy Question: With whom was it said the the movement ended? Answer: Rabindranath Tagore Question: From what did the Renaissance Movement mark the change? Answer: medieval' to the 'modern
Context: Others argue that reason was generally held in high regard during the Middle Ages. Science historian Edward Grant writes, "If revolutionary rational thoughts were expressed [in the 18th century], they were only made possible because of the long medieval tradition that established the use of reason as one of the most important of human activities". Also, contrary to common belief, David Lindberg writes, "the late medieval scholar rarely experienced the coercive power of the church and would have regarded himself as free (particularly in the natural sciences) to follow reason and observation wherever they led". Question: What is Edward Grant a historian of? Answer: Science Question: Who argued that scholars in the Middle Ages were rarely coerced by the Church? Answer: David Lindberg Question: According to Grant, the medieval use of reason was the forerunner the revolutionary rationalism of what century? Answer: 18th
Context: First, the Manchus had entered "China proper" because Dorgon responded decisively to Wu Sangui's appeal. Then, after capturing Beijing, instead of sacking the city as the rebels had done, Dorgon insisted, over the protests of other Manchu princes, on making it the dynastic capital and reappointing most Ming officials. Choosing Beijing as the capital had not been a straightforward decision, since no major Chinese dynasty had directly taken over its immediate predecessor's capital. Keeping the Ming capital and bureaucracy intact helped quickly stabilize the regime and sped up the conquest of the rest of the country. However, not all of Dorgon's policies were equally popular nor easily implemented. Question: Who made Beijing his capital? Answer: Dorgon Question: Whose capital was Beijing before the Manchu's? Answer: Ming Question: Why did Dorgon keep Beijing as his capital? Answer: stabilize the regime and sped up the conquest of the rest of the country
Context: Rome's diplomatic agreement with her neighbours of Latium confirmed the Latin league and brought the cult of Diana from Aricia to the Aventine. and established on the Aventine in the "commune Latinorum Dianae templum": At about the same time, the temple of Jupiter Latiaris was built on the Alban mount, its stylistic resemblance to the new Capitoline temple pointing to Rome's inclusive hegemony. Rome's affinity to the Latins allowed two Latin cults within the pomoerium: and the cult to Hercules at the ara maxima in the Forum Boarium was established through commercial connections with Tibur. and the Tusculan cult of Castor as the patron of cavalry found a home close to the Forum Romanum: Juno Sospita and Juno Regina were brought from Italy, and Fortuna Primigenia from Praeneste. In 217, Venus was brought from Sicily and installed in a temple on the Capitoline hill. Question: Whose cult appeared from Africa at the time of the Latin League? Answer: Diana Question: To whom was a new temple dedicated on the Alban Mount? Answer: Jupiter Latiaris Question: What cult was formed at the ars maxima in the Forum Boarium ? Answer: Hercules Question: For what group was Castor a patron? Answer: cavalry Question: From where was Venus brought and lodged on the Capitoline Hill? Answer: Sicily
Context: An example of the second view at the State level is found in the view of the Florida Supreme Court, that only the Florida Supreme Court may license and regulate attorneys appearing before the courts of Florida, and only the Florida Supreme Court may set rules for procedures in the Florida courts.[citation needed] The State of New Hampshire also follows this system.[citation needed] Question: Who may license and regulate attorneys in Florida? Answer: the Florida Supreme Court Question: Who sets the procedures to be followed in the Florida court system? Answer: the Florida Supreme Court Question: In which supreme court is an example of the third view at the State level? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is an example of the second view at the National level found? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which court is the only one able to set rules for procedures in State courts? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which court is the only one able to regulate attorneys appearing before the Supreme Court? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which court is the only one able to license attorneys appearing before New Hampshire Supreme Court? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Electricity in the Richmond Metro area is provided by Dominion Virginia Power. The company, based in Richmond, is one of the nation's largest producers of energy, serving retail energy customers in nine states. Electricity is provided in the Richmond area primarily by the North Anna Nuclear Generating Station and Surry Nuclear Generating Station, as well as a coal-fired station in Chester, Virginia. These three plants provide a total of 4,453 megawatts of power. Several other natural gas plants provide extra power during times of peak demand. These include facilities in Chester, and Surry, and two plants in Richmond (Gravel Neck and Darbytown). Question: Who is Richmond's electricity supplier? Answer: Dominion Virginia Power Question: How many states does Dominion Virginia Power operate in? Answer: nine Question: Along with Surry Nuclear Generating Station, what is Richmond's main electricity generator? Answer: North Anna Nuclear Generating Station Question: In what town is a coal-fired plant that provides power to Richmond located? Answer: Chester Question: What type of power plant is Darbytown? Answer: natural gas
Context: The FBI frequently investigated Martin Luther King, Jr. In the mid-1960s, King began publicly criticizing the Bureau for giving insufficient attention to the use of terrorism by white supremacists. Hoover responded by publicly calling King the most "notorious liar" in the United States. In his 1991 memoir, Washington Post journalist Carl Rowan asserted that the FBI had sent at least one anonymous letter to King encouraging him to commit suicide. Historian Taylor Branch documents an anonymous November 1964 "suicide package" sent by the Bureau that combined a letter to the civil rights leader telling him "You are done. There is only one way out for you..." with audio recordings of King's sexual indiscretions. Question: Did the FBI investigate Martin Luther King Jr.? Answer: frequently Question: Who did MLK begin criticizing in the mid-1960s? Answer: the Bureau Question: What group did MLK believe needed more attention from the FBI? Answer: white supremacists Question: What did Hoover call MLK? Answer: notorious liar Question: What kind of letter did the FBI send to MLK? Answer: anonymous Question: When did King publicly praise the FBI? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What group did the FBI believe needed more attention? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did MLK call Hoover? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of letter did MLK send to the FBI? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did King send a package to the FBI? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The BBC is also renowned for its production of costume dramas, such as Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice and contemporary social dramas such as Boys from the Blackstuff and Our Friends in the North. The BBC has come under pressure to commission more programmes from independent British production companies, and indeed is legally required to source 25% of its output from such companies by the terms of the Broadcasting Act 1990. Programmes have also been imported mainly from English-speaking countries: notable—though no longer shown—examples include The Simpsons from the United States and Neighbours from Australia. Because of the availability of programmes in English, few programmes need use sub-titles or dubbing unlike much European television. Question: How much of its programming must the BBC obtain from other content producers? Answer: 25% Question: What is a popular American show that was shown on the BBC? Answer: The Simpsons Question: What is a television show from Australia that was shown on the BBC? Answer: Neighbours Question: What programs have been imported from English speaking countries and are currently shown? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Based on the Independent Broadcasting Act, how much output is required to be from independent British production companies? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year was the Independent Broadcasting Act written? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Guinea fowl originated in southern Africa, and the species most often kept as poultry is the helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris). It is a medium-sized grey or speckled bird with a small naked head with colourful wattles and a knob on top, and was domesticated by the time of the ancient Greeks and Romans. Guinea fowl are hardy, sociable birds that subsist mainly on insects, but also consume grasses and seeds. They will keep a vegetable garden clear of pests and will eat the ticks that carry Lyme disease. They happily roost in trees and give a loud vocal warning of the approach of predators. Their flesh and eggs can be eaten in the same way as chickens, young birds being ready for the table at the age of about four months. Question: What continent is the evolution of guinea fowl credited to? Answer: Africa Question: Who first domesticated the guinea fowl ? Answer: ancient Greeks and Romans. Question: Aside from consumption how are Guinea fowl useful to humans. Answer: They will keep a vegetable garden clear of pests and will eat the ticks that carry Lyme disease. Question: What are Guinea fowl also praised for accomplishing for humans? Answer: roost in trees and give a loud vocal warning of the approach of predators. Question: What part of the moon did Guinea fowl originate from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who were the only groups to domesticate a guinea fowl? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why are Guinea fowl useless to humans? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are Guinea fowl also praised for accomplishing for Martians? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The dock connector also allowed the iPod to connect to accessories, which often supplement the iPod's music, video, and photo playback. Apple sells a few accessories, such as the now-discontinued iPod Hi-Fi, but most are manufactured by third parties such as Belkin and Griffin. Some peripherals use their own interface, while others use the iPod's own screen. Because the dock connector is a proprietary interface, the implementation of the interface requires paying royalties to Apple. Question: Which iPod accessory was made by Apple but is no longer produced? Answer: iPod Hi-Fi Question: What are two companies that make iPod accessories? Answer: Belkin and Griffin Question: What part of the iPod is needed to communicate with peripherals? Answer: dock connector Question: What is the condition for third parties using the dock connector? Answer: paying royalties Question: The majority of peripherals for iPod are produced by what kinds of companies? Answer: third parties Question: What's the name of the now-discontinued accessory manufactured by Apple, that connected via the iPod's dock connector? Answer: iPod Hi-Fi
Context: The 2011 declaration by Russia that it would not turn its clocks back and stay in DST all year long was subsequently followed by a similar declaration from Belarus. The plan generated widespread complaints due to the dark of wintertime morning, and thus was abandoned in 2014. The country changed its clocks to Standard Time on 26 October 2014 - and intends to stay there permanently. Question: What year did Russia decide to never turn its clocks back? Answer: 2011 Question: What country other than Russia declared they'd stay in DST all year? Answer: Belarus Question: Was Russia or Belarus first in their declaration? Answer: Russia Question: Which season's dark mornings led to people complaining about the switch from DST? Answer: winter Question: What year did Russia give up on the all-year DST and go back to Standard Time? Answer: 2014
Context: Swiss private-public managed road network is funded by road tolls and vehicle taxes. The Swiss autobahn/autoroute system requires the purchase of a vignette (toll sticker)—which costs 40 Swiss francs—for one calendar year in order to use its roadways, for both passenger cars and trucks. The Swiss autobahn/autoroute network has a total length of 1,638 km (1,018 mi) (as of 2000) and has, by an area of 41,290 km2 (15,940 sq mi), also one of the highest motorway densities in the world. Zürich Airport is Switzerland's largest international flight gateway, which handled 22.8 million passengers in 2012. The other international airports are Geneva Airport (13.9 million passengers in 2012), EuroAirport Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg which is located in France, Bern Airport, Lugano Airport, St. Gallen-Altenrhein Airport and Sion Airport. Swiss International Air Lines is the flag carrier of Switzerland. Its main hub is Zürich. Question: What is the Swiss private-public managed road network funded by? Answer: road tolls and vehicle taxes Question: How much does the Swiss autoroute network charge for a toll sticker to use Swiss roadways for a year? Answer: 40 Swiss francs Question: Which airport is Switzerland's largest international flight gateway? Answer: Zürich Question: What is the name of the flag airline carrier in Switzerland? Answer: Swiss International Air Lines Question: How many passengers used the Zurich airport in 2012? Answer: 22.8 million
Context: The word asphalt is derived from the late Middle English, in turn from French asphalte, based on Late Latin asphalton, asphaltum, which is the latinisation of the Greek ἄσφαλτος (ásphaltos, ásphalton), a word meaning "asphalt/bitumen/pitch", which perhaps derives from ἀ-, "without" and σφάλλω (sfallō), "make fall". Note that in French, the term asphalte is used for naturally occurring bitumen-soaked limestone deposits, and for specialised manufactured products with fewer voids or greater bitumen content than the "asphaltic concrete" used to pave roads. It is a significant fact that the first use of asphalt by the ancients was in the nature of a cement for securing or joining together various objects, and it thus seems likely that the name itself was expressive of this application. Specifically Herodotus mentioned that bitumen was brought to Babylon to build its gigantic fortification wall. From the Greek, the word passed into late Latin, and thence into French (asphalte) and English ("asphaltum" and "asphalt"). Question: What is the last origination of the word asphalt? Answer: late Middle English Question: From what language does asphalt initially come? Answer: Greek Question: What are the meanings of the Greek word for asphalt? Answer: asphalt/bitumen/pitch Question: What is the French term for natural asphalt? Answer: asphalte Question: To construct what feature was asphalt brought to Babylon? Answer: wall Question: From where is the word limestone derived? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In Greek, what is the term asphalte used for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: According to who was bitumen brought to Greece to build a giant wall? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what language is asphalte used for synthetically occurring bitumen soaked limestones? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: More generally, corruption erodes the institutional capacity of government if procedures are disregarded, resources are siphoned off, and public offices are bought and sold. Corruption undermines the legitimacy of government and such democratic values as trust and tolerance. Recent evidence suggests that variation in the levels of corruption amongst high-income democracies can vary significantly depending on the level of accountability of decision-makers. Evidence from fragile states also shows that corruption and bribery can adversely impact trust in institutions. Question: What two democratic values are soiled due to corruption? Answer: trust and tolerance Question: Corruption disintegrates government capacity when public offices are what? Answer: bought and sold Question: The level of corruption can vary in richer democracies in regards to the what of those officials making decisions? Answer: accountability
Context: Foot resigned and was replaced as leader by Neil Kinnock, with Roy Hattersley as his deputy. The new leadership progressively dropped unpopular policies. The miners strike of 1984–85 over coal mine closures, for which miners' leader Arthur Scargill was blamed, and the Wapping dispute led to clashes with the left of the party, and negative coverage in most of the press. Tabloid vilification of the so-called loony left continued to taint the parliamentary party by association from the activities of 'extra-parliamentary' militants in local government. Question: Who was Foot replaced by? Answer: Neil Kinnock Question: Who was Neil Knnocks deputy? Answer: Roy Hattersley Question: What years were the miners strike? Answer: 1984–85 Question: What was the name of the miner's leader that was blamed for the strike? Answer: Arthur Scargill Question: Who was replaced as a leader by Foot? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was Foot's deputy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the lorry driver's strike? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was blamed for the lorry driver's strike? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did tabloid vilification of the right do? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Different religious traditions assign differing (though often similar) attributes and characteristics to God, including expansive powers and abilities, psychological characteristics, gender characteristics, and preferred nomenclature. The assignment of these attributes often differs according to the conceptions of God in the culture from which they arise. For example, attributes of God in Christianity, attributes of God in Islam, and the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy in Judaism share certain similarities arising from their common roots. Question: What do religions share across their belief structures? Answer: similarities arising from their common roots Question: What are some religious traditions that are found within differing religions? Answer: expansive powers and abilities, psychological characteristics, gender characteristics, and preferred nomenclature Question: Who does Christianity share roots with? Answer: attributes of God in Islam, and the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy in Judaism Question: How many Attributes of Mercy are in Judaism? Answer: Thirteen Question: What three religions share similar parts? Answer: God in Christianity, attributes of God in Islam, and the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy in Judaism Question: What three religions share similar beginnings? Answer: Christianity, attributes of God in Islam, and the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy in Judaism Question: What attributes do religions all roughly share? Answer: expansive powers and abilities, psychological characteristics, gender characteristics, and preferred nomenclature Question: What beliefs have similar psychological characteristics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What reliegion does Islam share culture with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many attributes of mercy are in Islam? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What attributes do different cultures have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one thing Christianity assigns to different religions? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Apart from its use as a reactant, H 2 has wide applications in physics and engineering. It is used as a shielding gas in welding methods such as atomic hydrogen welding. H2 is used as the rotor coolant in electrical generators at power stations, because it has the highest thermal conductivity of any gas. Liquid H2 is used in cryogenic research, including superconductivity studies. Because H 2 is lighter than air, having a little more than 1⁄14 of the density of air, it was once widely used as a lifting gas in balloons and airships. Question: Where else is H2 applied? Answer: in physics and engineering Question: How is H2 used in electrical generators at power stations? Answer: as the rotor coolant Question: Why is it used as the rotor coolant? Answer: it has the highest thermal conductivity of any gas Question: What research uses liquid H2? Answer: cryogenic
Context: The University of Kansas Medical Center features three schools: the School of Medicine, School of Nursing, and School of Health Professions. Furthermore, each of the three schools has its own programs of graduate study. As of the Fall 2013 semester, there were 3,349 students enrolled at KU Med. The Medical Center also offers four year instruction at the Wichita campus, and features a medical school campus in Salina, Kansas that is devoted to rural health care. Question: What are the three constituents of the medical center at KU? Answer: the School of Medicine, School of Nursing, and School of Health Professions Question: What does each of the component schools of KU's Medical Center offer? Answer: its own programs of graduate study Question: How many students attended the medical center at KU in fall of 2013? Answer: 3,349 Question: At what other KU campus is a four year program available? Answer: Wichita Question: What is the focus of the Salina location's medical program? Answer: rural health care Question: What are the three constituents of the law center at KU? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does each of the component schools of KU's Medical Center not offer? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many students attended the law center at KU in fall of 2013? Answer: Unanswerable Question: At what other KU campus is a two year program available? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the focus of the Salina location's law program? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In Latin America in the 1970s, leftists acquired a significant political influence which prompted the right-wing, ecclesiastical authorities and a large portion of the individual country's upper class to support coup d'états to avoid what they perceived as a communist threat. This was further fueled by Cuban and United States intervention which led to a political polarization. Most South American countries were in some periods ruled by military dictatorships that were supported by the United States of America. In the 1970s, the regimes of the Southern Cone collaborated in Operation Condor killing many leftist dissidents, including some urban guerrillas. However, by the early 1990s all countries had restored their democracies. Question: What caused Latin America's right-wing authorities to support coup o'etats? Answer: in the 1970s, leftists acquired a significant political influence Question: Why did the Latin Americas Upper class support coup o'etats? Answer: to avoid what they perceived as a communist threat. Question: The regimes in the southern cone collaborated in killing of who? Answer: leftist dissidents Question: What did all countries restore in the 1990's Answer: their democracies. Question: Where did the United States support dictatorships in the 1970"s? Answer: South American countries
Context: The bandolim (Portuguese for "mandolin") was a favourite instrument within the Portuguese bourgeoisie of the 19th century, but its rapid spread took it to other places, joining other instruments. Today you can see mandolins as part of the traditional and folk culture of Portuguese singing groups and the majority of the mandolin scene in Portugal is in Madeira Island. Madeira has over 17 active mandolin Orchestras and Tunas. The mandolin virtuoso Fabio Machado is one of Portugal's most accomplished mandolin players. The Portuguese influence brought the mandolin to Brazil. Question: What does bandolim mean? Answer: Portuguese for "mandolin" Question: When was the bandolim porpular among the Portugese bourgeoisie? Answer: 19th century Question: Where can you see mandolins a part of in Portgal? Answer: traditional and folk culture Question: Where is the Portuguese mandolin scene located? Answer: Madeira Island Question: How many active mandolin orchestras does the Madiera Island have? Answer: over 17 Question: What does bandolin mean? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the bandolim not popular among the Portugese bourgeoisie? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where can you not see mandolins a part of in Portgal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is the Japanese mandolin scene located? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many active mandolin orchestras does the Chinese Island have? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In a tumbling pass, dismount or vault, landing is the final phase, following take off and flight This is a critical skill in terms of execution in competition scores, general performance, and injury occurrence. Without the necessary magnitude of energy dissipation during impact, the risk of sustaining injuries during somersaulting increases. These injuries commonly occur at the lower extremities such as: cartilage lesions, ligament tears, and bone bruises/fractures. To avoid such injuries, and to receive a high performance score, proper technique must be used by the gymnast. "The subsequent ground contact or impact landing phase must be achieved using a safe, aesthetic and well-executed double foot landing." A successful landing in gymnastics is classified as soft, meaning the knee and hip joints are at greater than 63 degrees of flexion. Question: What is a critical skill in terms of execution in scores? Answer: landing Question: Where do most injuries happen? Answer: the lower extremities such as: cartilage lesions, ligament tears, and bone bruises/fractures Question: How do you avoid injuries? Answer: proper technique must be used by the gymnast Question: What is a successful landing? Answer: soft, meaning the knee and hip joints are at greater than 63 degrees of flexion Question: What kind of pass limits injuries? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What injuries are caused when using the wrong mat? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what kind of landing are the knee and hip joints at less than 63 degrees of flexion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the most dangerous gymnastic routine? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of landings cause gymnasts to lose points? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Some findings in the fields of cosmology, evolutionary biology and neuroscience are interpreted by atheists (including Lawrence M. Krauss and Sam Harris) as evidence that God is an imaginary entity only, with no basis in reality. A single, omniscient God who is imagined to have created the universe and is particularly attentive to the lives of humans has been imagined, embellished and promulgated in a trans-generational manner. Richard Dawkins interprets various findings not only as a lack of evidence for the material existence of such a God but extensive evidence to the contrary. Question: How does Dawkins interpret evidence for or against the existence of God? Answer: a lack of evidence for the material existence Question: What do atheists believe of God? Answer: an imaginary entity only Question: How long has the thought of the existence of God been carried on? Answer: trans-generational Question: How does Dawkins interpret his findings on the existence, or not, of God. Answer: a lack of evidence for the material existence of such a God Question: Who believes God isn't real? Answer: Lawrence M. Krauss and Sam Harris Question: What fields are used by Richard Dawkins to prove God's existence? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what way does Richard Dawkins believe the existence of the universe has continued on in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who has used findings to prove the existence of God in a trans-generational manner? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Richard Dawkins believe describes the creation of the universe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who uses cosmology, evolutionary biology and neuroscience to prove God is omniscient? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Several instances of popular etymology are attested from ancient authors. Thus, the Greeks most often associated Apollo's name with the Greek verb ἀπόλλυμι (apollymi), "to destroy". Plato in Cratylus connects the name with ἀπόλυσις (apolysis), "redemption", with ἀπόλουσις (apolousis), "purification", and with ἁπλοῦν ([h]aploun), "simple", in particular in reference to the Thessalian form of the name, Ἄπλουν, and finally with Ἀειβάλλων (aeiballon), "ever-shooting". Hesychius connects the name Apollo with the Doric ἀπέλλα (apella), which means "assembly", so that Apollo would be the god of political life, and he also gives the explanation σηκός (sekos), "fold", in which case Apollo would be the god of flocks and herds. In the Ancient Macedonian language πέλλα (pella) means "stone," and some toponyms may be derived from this word: Πέλλα (Pella, the capital of Ancient Macedonia) and Πελλήνη (Pellēnē/Pallene). Question: What Doric word means assembly? Answer: apella Question: What is the Ancient Macedonian word for stone? Answer: pella Question: What is the Greek word for "to destroy?" Answer: apollymi
Context: Numerous major American cultural movements began in the city, such as the Harlem Renaissance, which established the African-American literary canon in the United States. The city was a center of jazz in the 1940s, abstract expressionism in the 1950s, and the birthplace of hip hop in the 1970s. The city's punk and hardcore scenes were influential in the 1970s and 1980s. New York has long had a flourishing scene for Jewish American literature. Question: Jazz became popular during which decade in NYC? Answer: 1940s Question: Which decade did hip hop start to surface in NYC? Answer: 1970s Question: What was the name of the cultural development that defined the black American literary canon? Answer: the Harlem Renaissance Question: What musical style was prominent in New York in the 1940s? Answer: jazz Question: What artistic style was prominent in New York in the 1950s? Answer: abstract expressionism Question: What was the name of the new musical style that emerged from New York in the 1970s? Answer: hip hop
Context: The SCN projects to a set of areas in the hypothalamus, brainstem, and midbrain that are involved in implementing sleep-wake cycles. An important component of the system is the reticular formation, a group of neuron-clusters scattered diffusely through the core of the lower brain. Reticular neurons send signals to the thalamus, which in turn sends activity-level-controlling signals to every part of the cortex. Damage to the reticular formation can produce a permanent state of coma. Question: A group of neuron-clusters scattered in the core of the lower brain is called what? Answer: the reticular formation Question: Reticular neurons transfer signals to what part of the brain? Answer: the thalamus Question: Damage to the reticular formation can cause what? Answer: state of coma Question: The SCN transfers signals to a set of areas that implement what? Answer: sleep-wake cycles.
Context: The British divided Florida into the two colonies of British East Florida and British West Florida. The British government gave land grants to officers and soldiers who had fought in the French and Indian War in order to encourage settlement. In order to induce settlers to move to the two new colonies reports of the natural wealth of Florida were published in England. A large number of British colonists who were "energetic and of good character" moved to Florida, mostly coming from South Carolina, Georgia and England though there was also a group of settlers who came from the colony of Bermuda. This would be the first permanent English-speaking population in what is now Duval County, Baker County, St. Johns County and Nassau County. The British built good public roads and introduced the cultivation of sugar cane, indigo and fruits as well the export of lumber. Question: What were the names of the 2 British colony's in Florida Answer: British East Florida and British West Florida Question: Who was given Florida land grants Answer: officers and soldiers who had fought in the French and Indian War in order to encourage settlement Question: Where did a large number of British Colonist come to florida from Answer: coming from South Carolina, Georgia and England though there was also a group of settlers who came from the colony of Bermuda Question: The first Permanent Colony in Florida is Now known as Answer: what is now Duval County, Baker County, St. Johns County and Nassau County Question: What did the Colonist cultivate Answer: the cultivation of sugar cane, indigo and fruits as well the export of lumber Question: Which country divided Florida into North and South Florida? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was not given Florida land grants Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the last permanent colony known as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the British not introduce? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the British not export? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: However, most intellectuals and writers from Dalmatia who used the Štokavian dialect and practiced the Catholic faith saw themselves as part of a Croatian nation as far back as the mid-16th to 17th centuries, some 300 years before Serbo-Croatian ideology appeared. Their loyalty was first and foremost to Catholic Christendom, but when they professed an ethnic identity, they referred to themselves as "Slovin" and "Illyrian" (a sort of forerunner of Catholic baroque pan-Slavism) and Croat – these 30-odd writers over the span of c. 350 years always saw themselves as Croats first and never as part of a Serbian nation. It should also be noted that, in the pre-national era, Catholic religious orientation did not necessarily equate with Croat ethnic identity in Dalmatia. A Croatian follower of Vuk Karadžić, Ivan Broz, noted that for a Dalmatian to identify oneself as a Serb was seen as foreign as identifying oneself as Macedonian or Greek. Vatroslav Jagić pointed out in 1864: Question: To which group did the people of the Catholic faith refer to themselves primarily? Answer: Catholic Christendom Question: After allowing for their religion, did the people of the Catholic faith see themselves as Serbian or Croatian? Answer: Croatian Question: Ivan Broz stated that a Dalmatian identifiying as a Serb was just as foreign as what two other ethnicities? Answer: Macedonian or Greek Question: What did most Croatians who were Catholic see themselves a part of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: To what group were Macedonians loyal to first? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did 30 Serbs see themselves over a span of 350 years? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did most intellectuals and writers note about Dalmations? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Serbo-Croatian ideology not equal with in Dalmatia? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Instead, the donated money was expended through "counterfeit drugs, siphoning off of drugs to the black market, and payments to ghost employees". Ultimately, there is a sufficient amount of money for health in developing countries, but local corruption denies the wider citizenry the resource they require. Question: What kind of employees received payments? Answer: ghost employees Question: Where were drugs siphoned off to? Answer: the black market Question: In addition to ghost employees and the black market receiving drugs, what other way was money expended? Answer: counterfeit drugs Question: If local corruption did not exist, there would be enough what to help the people in these countries needing medical help? Answer: money
Context: The sector, a calculating instrument used for solving problems in proportion, trigonometry, multiplication and division, and for various functions, such as squares and cube roots, was developed in the late 16th century and found application in gunnery, surveying and navigation. Question: The sector, a calculating instrument, was invented during what century? Answer: 16th century
Context: Following their wedding, the couple leased Windlesham Moor, near Windsor Castle, until 4 July 1949, when they took up residence at Clarence House in London. At various times between 1949 and 1951, the Duke of Edinburgh was stationed in the British Crown Colony of Malta as a serving Royal Navy officer. He and Elizabeth lived intermittently, for several months at a time, in the hamlet of Gwardamanġa, at Villa Guardamangia, the rented home of Philip's uncle, Lord Mountbatten. The children remained in Britain. Question: Where did the newly married Elizabeth and Philip stay until 1949? Answer: Windlesham Moor Question: After 1949 where did Elizabeth live in London? Answer: Clarence House Question: In which armed force was the Duke of Edinburgh? Answer: Royal Navy Question: Where was Philip stationed during WWII? Answer: British Crown Colony of Malta Question: In whose home did Elizabeth and Philip stay in Malta? Answer: Lord Mountbatten Question: In what year did Elizabeth live in Villa Guardamangia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Lord Mountbatten start to rent Villa Guardamangia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did the Duke of Edinburgh become a Royal Navy officer? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Villa Guardamangia built? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Elizabeth marry the Duke of Edinburgh? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: With Japanese and Allied forces occupying various parts of the island, over the following six months both sides poured resources into an escalating battle of attrition on land, at sea, and in the sky. Most of the Japanese aircraft based in the South Pacific were redeployed to the defense of Guadalcanal. Many were lost in numerous engagements with the Allied air forces based at Henderson Field as well as carrier based aircraft. Meanwhile, Japanese ground forces launched repeated attacks on heavily defended US positions around Henderson Field, in which they suffered appalling casualties. To sustain these offensives, resupply was carried out by Japanese convoys, termed the "Tokyo Express" by the Allies. The convoys often faced night battles with enemy naval forces in which they expended destroyers that the IJN could ill-afford to lose. Later fleet battles involving heavier ships and even daytime carrier battles resulted in a stretch of water near Guadalcanal becoming known as "Ironbottom Sound" from the multitude of ships sunk on both sides. However, the Allies were much better able to replace these losses. Finally recognizing that the campaign to recapture Henderson Field and secure Guadalcanal had simply become too costly to continue, the Japanese evacuated the island and withdrew in February 1943. In the sixth month war of attrition, the Japanese had lost as a result of failing to commit enough forces in sufficient time. Question: Where were most of the Japanese aircraft in the South Pacific redeployed to defend? Answer: Guadalcanal Question: Where did Japanese ground attack repeatedly?forces Answer: Henderson Field Question: What did the Allies call the Japanese convoys supplying the ground forces attacking Henderson Field? Answer: "Tokyo Express" Question: What was the reason for the name "Ironbottom Sound" of the water stretches new Guadalcanal? Answer: the multitude of ships sunk Question: When did the Japanese give up trying to recapture Henderson Field? Answer: February 1943
Context: Funafuti is the largest atoll of the nine low reef islands and atolls that form the Tuvalu volcanic island chain. It comprises numerous islets around a central lagoon that is approximately 25.1 kilometres (15.6 miles) (N–S) by 18.4 kilometres (11.4 miles) (W-E), centred on 179°7'E and 8°30'S. On the atolls, an annular reef rim surrounds the lagoon with several natural reef channels. Surveys were carried out in May 2010 of the reef habitats of Nanumea, Nukulaelae and Funafuti and a total of 317 fish species were recorded during this Tuvalu Marine Life study. The surveys identified 66 species that had not previously been recorded in Tuvalu, which brings the total number of identified species to 607. Question: Which of Tuvalu's atolls is largest? Answer: Funafuti Question: What type of island grouping is Tuvalu? Answer: volcanic island chain Question: What are the map coordinates fro Tuvalu? Answer: 179°7'E and 8°30'S Question: How species of creatures inhabit the Tuvalu lagoon? Answer: 607 Question: How many new species were were found in the Tuvalu area that had not been previously recorded? Answer: 66
Context: The Hudson River flows through the Hudson Valley into New York Bay. Between New York City and Troy, New York, the river is an estuary. The Hudson River separates the city from the U.S. state of New Jersey. The East River—a tidal strait—flows from Long Island Sound and separates the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island. The Harlem River, another tidal strait between the East and Hudson Rivers, separates most of Manhattan from the Bronx. The Bronx River, which flows through the Bronx and Westchester County, is the only entirely fresh water river in the city. Question: The Hudson River serves as a dividing line between New York and what state? Answer: New Jersey Question: What river flows between the Hudson and East Rivers? Answer: Harlem River Question: What is the city's sole fresh water river? Answer: Bronx River Question: Into what body of water does the Hudson River terminate? Answer: New York Bay Question: Between New York City and what city is the Hudson River an estuary? Answer: Troy, New York Question: The Hudson River separates NYC from which US state? Answer: New Jersey Question: The single only freshwater river in NYC is what river? Answer: The Bronx River Question: Which river seperates The Bronx from Manhatten? Answer: The Harlem River
Context: There are several details that are only found in one of the gospel accounts. For instance, only Matthew's gospel mentions an earthquake, resurrected saints who went to the city and that Roman soldiers were assigned to guard the tomb, while Mark is the only one to state the actual time of the crucifixion (the third hour, or 9 am) and the centurion's report of Jesus' death. The Gospel of Luke's unique contributions to the narrative include Jesus' words to the women who were mourning, one criminal's rebuke of the other, the reaction of the multitudes who left "beating their breasts", and the women preparing spices and ointments before resting on the Sabbath. John is also the only one to refer to the request that the legs be broken and the soldier's subsequent piercing of Jesus' side (as fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy), as well as that Nicodemus assisted Joseph with burial. Question: What detail of Jesus's Crucifiction was only found in Matthew's Gospel? Answer: an earthquake Question: Which gospel mentioned the time of Crucifiction? Answer: Mark Question: Who did Jesus talk to in the Gospel of Luke? Answer: words to the women who were mourning Question: What gospel talks about breaking Jesus' legs? Answer: John Question: What prophecy was fulfilled by the piercing of Jesus' side? Answer: Old Testament prophecy Question: What time did the Romans decide to guard the tomb of Jesus? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did the Roman soldiers speak to when they were in mourning? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did one Roman soldier do to chastise the other? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Roman soldiers do to celebrate their victory? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Romans use when one of their soldiers had an injury? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Observing that face-to-face communication of the type that online videos convey has been "fine-tuned by millions of years of evolution", TED curator Chris Anderson referred to several YouTube contributors and asserted that "what Gutenberg did for writing, online video can now do for face-to-face communication". Anderson asserted that it's not far-fetched to say that online video will dramatically accelerate scientific advance, and that video contributors may be about to launch "the biggest learning cycle in human history." In education, for example, the Khan Academy grew from YouTube video tutoring sessions for founder Salman Khan's cousin into what Forbes' Michael Noer called "the largest school in the world", with technology poised to disrupt how people learn. Question: Who is the TED curator? Answer: Chris Anderson Question: What surprising feature does youtube possibly have the chance to revolutionize? Answer: face-to-face communication Question: Who is the founder of the Khan Academy? Answer: Salman Khan Question: What other surprising aspect of human development will youtube likely have an impact on? Answer: education Question: What famous historic figure did DET curator Chris Anderson reference? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Salman Noer found? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Michael Khan call the Kahn Academy? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In terms of impact on events, it was more than Napoleon's personality that took effect. He reorganized France itself to supply the men and money needed for great wars. Above all he inspired his men—Wellington said his presence on the battlefield was worth 40,000 soldiers, for he inspired confidence from privates to field marshals. He also unnerved the enemy. At the Battle of Auerstadt in 1806, King Frederick William III of Prussia outnumbered the French by 63,000 to 27,000; however, when he mistakenly was told that Napoleon was in command, he ordered a hasty retreat that turned into a rout. The force of his personality neutralized material difficulties as his soldiers fought with the confidence that with Napoleon in charge they would surely win. Question: What did Napoleon reorganize to supply the personnel and money required to fight great wars? Answer: France Question: How many soldiers did Wellington believe Napoleon's presence on the field was worth? Answer: 40,000 Question: Who said that Napoleon's presence on the battlefield was worth 40,000 soldiers? Answer: Wellington Question: In what year did the Battle of Auerstadt take place? Answer: 1806 Question: Who led the Prussian forces that outnumbered Napoleon at the Battle of Auerstadt? Answer: King Frederick William III
Context: In 2004, philosopher and psychologist Michel ter Hark (Groningen, The Netherlands) published a book, called Popper, Otto Selz and the rise of evolutionary epistemology, in which he claimed that Popper took some of his ideas from his tutor, the German psychologist Otto Selz. Selz never published his ideas, partly because of the rise of Nazism, which forced him to quit his work in 1933, and the prohibition of referring to Selz' work. Popper, the historian of ideas and his scholarship, is criticised in some academic quarters for his rejection of Plato, Hegel and Marx. Question: Which German psychologist and tutor of Popper may have originated some of Popper's ideas? Answer: Otto Selz Question: Who claimed Otto Selz deserved credit for ideas published by Popper? Answer: Michel ter Hark Question: What contributed to Otto Selz's cessation of work in 1933? Answer: the rise of Nazism Question: What is the name of the 2004 paper that links Popper's work to that of his tutor Otto Selz? Answer: Popper, Otto Selz and the rise of evolutionary epistemology Question: Popper is criticized for dismissing which major philosophers in his work? Answer: Plato, Hegel and Marx Question: What book did Popper publish in 2004? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Hark claim that Selz took his ideas from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did Selz publish his ideas? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Selz start his work? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Popper praised for in some academic quarters? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Historically, the name Armenian has come to internationally designate this group of people. It was first used by neighbouring countries of ancient Armenia. The earliest attestations of the exonym Armenia date around the 6th century BC. In his trilingual Behistun Inscription dated to 517 BC, Darius I the Great of Persia refers to Urashtu (in Babylonian) as Armina (in Old Persian; Armina ( ) and Harminuya (in Elamite). In Greek, Αρμένιοι "Armenians" is attested from about the same time, perhaps the earliest reference being a fragment attributed to Hecataeus of Miletus (476 BC). Xenophon, a Greek general serving in some of the Persian expeditions, describes many aspects of Armenian village life and hospitality in around 401 BC. He relates that the people spoke a language that to his ear sounded like the language of the Persians. Question: How long ago has the term 'Armenia' been used? Answer: around the 6th century BC Question: What is the earliest known use of 'Armenians'? Answer: 476 BC Question: Who wrote the earliest known use of 'Armenians'? Answer: Hecataeus of Miletus Question: Who described Armenian life in 401 BC? Answer: Xenophon Question: What did Xenophon say Armenian language sounded like? Answer: Persians Question: How long has the term Xenophon been used? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was first to use the term Xenophon? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Hecateus of Miletus refer to in his trillingual Behistun Inscription in 517 BC? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When does Darius I of Persia talk about Armenian village life and hospitality? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Hecateus of Miletus believe the people's language sounded like? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Chocolate is New York City's leading specialty-food export, with up to US$234 million worth of exports each year. Entrepreneurs were forming a "Chocolate District" in Brooklyn as of 2014, while Godiva, one of the world's largest chocolatiers, continues to be headquartered in Manhattan. Question: What dollar amount of chocolate does New York export annually? Answer: US$234 million Question: Where is the "Chocolate District" located? Answer: Brooklyn Question: In what borough is Godiva based? Answer: Manhattan Question: What is the number one specialty food export of New York? Answer: Chocolate Question: What type of food is NYC's leading food export? Answer: Chocolate Question: Which one of the world's largest chocolate makers is stationed in Manhattan? Answer: Godiva
Context: Orientation behaviour studies have been traditionally carried out using variants of a setup known as the Emlen funnel, which consists of a circular cage with the top covered by glass or wire-screen so that either the sky is visible or the setup is placed in a planetarium or with other controls on environmental cues. The orientation behaviour of the bird inside the cage is studied quantitatively using the distribution of marks that the bird leaves on the walls of the cage. Other approaches used in pigeon homing studies make use of the direction in which the bird vanishes on the horizon. Question: How are orientation behavior studies traditionally carried out? Answer: the Emlen funnel Question: What shape is the cage in the Emlen funnel? Answer: circular Question: What is studied quantitatively inside the cage? Answer: The orientation behaviour Question: What does the bird leave on the walls of the cage? Answer: marks Question: Where does the homing pigeon vanish? Answer: on the horizon
Context: Since the existence of the earliest Jewish diaspora, many Jews have aspired to return to "Zion" and the "Land of Israel", though the amount of effort that should be spent towards such an aim was a matter of dispute. The hopes and yearnings of Jews living in exile are an important theme of the Jewish belief system. After the Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, some communities settled in Palestine. During the 16th century, Jewish communities struck roots in the Four Holy Cities—Jerusalem, Tiberias, Hebron, and Safed—and in 1697, Rabbi Yehuda Hachasid led a group of 1,500 Jews to Jerusalem. In the second half of the 18th century, Eastern European opponents of Hasidism, known as the Perushim, settled in Palestine. Question: Many Jews have aspired to return to where? Answer: Zion Question: Where did some Jewish communities settle after they were expelled from Spain? Answer: Palestine Question: Rabbi Yehuda Hachasid led a group of how many Jews into Jerusalem? Answer: 1,500
Context: Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone was established in 1992, with a planned area of 43 km2 (17 sq mi). The zone is situated 96 kilometers away from Chengdu, and is 8 km (5.0 mi) away from Mianyang Airport. Since its establishment, the zone accumulated 177.4 billion yuan of industrial output, 46.2 billion yuan of gross domestic product, fiscal revenue 6.768 billion yuan. There are more than 136 high-tech enterprises in the zone and they accounted for more than 90% of the total industrial output. Question: What is the planned area of the Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone? Answer: 17 sq mi Question: What is the distance between the Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone and Mianyang Airport? Answer: 8 km Question: How much value has Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone output since inception? Answer: 177.4 billion yuan Question: How many high-tech enterprises are present in the Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone ? Answer: 136 Question: What zone icludes 43 square miles? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What city is the zone 8 km away from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What airport is 96 km from the zone? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What enterprises make up 90% of China's industriall outpput? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the planned area of the Mianyang Airport? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the distance between the Mianyang Airport and Chengdu? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much value has the Mianyang Airport output since inception? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many high-tech enterprises are present in Chengdu? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many zones accounted for more than 90% of total industrial output? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Wood is a heterogeneous, hygroscopic, cellular and anisotropic material. It consists of cells, and the cell walls are composed of micro-fibrils of cellulose (40% – 50%) and hemicellulose (15% – 25%) impregnated with lignin (15% – 30%). Question: Along with hygroscopic, cellular, and anisotropic, how is the material of wood described? Answer: heterogeneous Question: What does wood consist of? Answer: cells Question: What part of wood's cells are composed of cellulose and hemicellulose? Answer: walls Question: What makes up 40-50% of the cell walls in wood? Answer: cellulose Question: What substance is hemicellulose impregnated with? Answer: lignin
Context: There are also Christian movements which cross denominational lines and even branches, and cannot be classified on the same level previously mentioned forms. Evangelicalism is a prominent example. Some of those movements are active exclusively within Protestantism, some are Christian-wide. Transdenominational movements are sometimes capable of affecting parts of the Roman Catholic Church, such as does it the Charismatic Movement, which aims to incorporate beliefs and practices similar to Pentecostals into the various branches of Christianity. Neo-charismatic churches are sometimes regarded as a subgroup of the Charismatic Movement. Nondenominational churches often adopt, or are akin to one of these movements. Question: What is a prominent example of a movement which crosses over denominational lines? Answer: Evangelicalism Question: Which movement actually affected the Catholic Church? Answer: Charismatic Movement Question: What groups beliefs does the Charismatic Movement seek to add to branches of Christianity? Answer: Pentecostals Question: Name a sub-group of the Charismatic Movement. Answer: Neo-charismatic churches Question: What other types of churches often adopt charismatic or evangelical beliefs? Answer: Nondenominational churches
Context: Emigrants from Siberia that walked across the Bering land bridge into North America may have had dogs in their company, and one writer suggests that the use of sled dogs may have been critical to the success of the waves that entered North America roughly 12,000 years ago, although the earliest archaeological evidence of dog-like canids in North America dates from about 9,400 years ago.:104 Dogs were an important part of life for the Athabascan population in North America, and were their only domesticated animal. Dogs also carried much of the load in the migration of the Apache and Navajo tribes 1,400 years ago. Use of dogs as pack animals in these cultures often persisted after the introduction of the horse to North America. Question: What type of working dog may have been the reason so many humans were able to get into North America 12,000 tears ago? Answer: sled dogs Question: What did ancient people walk across from Siberia into North America? Answer: Bering land bridge Question: How old are the oldest findings of dogs in North America? Answer: 9,400 years Question: Evidence places dogs in North America when? Answer: 12,000 years ago Question: Dogs were the only domesticated animals for what North American population? Answer: Athabascan Question: Dogs contributed to what migration 1400 years ago? Answer: Apache and Navajo tribes Question: People still used dogs as pack animals even after what other animal began being used for this purpose? Answer: horse
Context: Civil strife in the early 1990s greatly increased the size of the Somali diaspora, as many of the best educated Somalis left for the Middle East, Europe and North America. In Canada, the cities of Toronto, Ottawa, Calgary, Edmonton, Montreal, Vancouver, Winnipeg and Hamilton all harbor Somali populations. Statistics Canada's 2006 census ranks people of Somali descent as the 69th largest ethnic group in Canada. Question: What led to an increase in the number of Somalis leaving the country? Answer: Civil strife Question: Along with the Middle East and North America, to what continent did the Somali diaspora go in the 1990s? Answer: Europe Question: Along with Ottawa, Calgary, Edmonton, Montreal, Winnipeg, Hamilton and Vancouver, what Canadian city has a significant Somali population? Answer: Toronto Question: As of 2006, where did Somalis rank in terms of population by ethnicity in Canada? Answer: 69th
Context: In editorials published on 29 and 31 July 1914, Wickham Steed, the Times's Chief Editor, argued that the British Empire should enter World War I. On 8 May 1920, also under the editorship of Steed, The Times in an editorial endorsed the anti-Semitic fabrication The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion as a genuine document, and called Jews the world's greatest danger. In the leader entitled "The Jewish Peril, a Disturbing Pamphlet: Call for Inquiry", Steed wrote about The Protocols of the Elders of Zion: Question: Who was The Times' Chief Editor in 1914? Answer: Wickham Steed Question: The Chief Editor of The Times in 1914 argued that the British Empire should enter what war? Answer: World War I Question: What anti-Semitic fabrication did The Times endorse in 1920? Answer: The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion Question: After publishing anti-Semitic editorials in 1920, what did The Times refer to Jews as being? Answer: the world's greatest danger Question: What was the name of the anti-Semitic article that The Time's Chief Editor published in 1914? Answer: The Jewish Peril, a Disturbing Pamphlet: Call for Inquiry
Context: At the outset of the Korean War the CIA still only had a few thousand employees, a thousand of whom worked in analysis. Intelligence primarily came from the Office of Reports and Estimates, which drew its reports from a daily take of State Department telegrams, military dispatches, and other public documents. The CIA still lacked its own intelligence gathering abilities. On 21 August 1950, shortly after the invasion of South Korea, Truman announced Walter Bedell Smith as the new Director of the CIA to correct what was seen as a grave failure of Intelligence.[clarification needed] Question: Who was appointed to be the new Director of the CIA in 1950? Answer: Walter Bedell Smith Question: Where was most of the CIA's intelligence coming from before 1950? Answer: the Office of Reports and Estimates Question: What president announced the new CIA director? Answer: Truman
Context: Estonia (i/ɛˈstoʊniə/; Estonian: Eesti [ˈeːsti]), officially the Republic of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Vabariik), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by Lake Peipus and Russia (338.6 km). Across the Baltic Sea lies Sweden in the west and Finland in the north. The territory of Estonia consists of a mainland and 2,222 islands and islets in the Baltic Sea, covering 45,339 km2 (17,505 sq mi) of land, and is influenced by a humid continental climate. Question: What is the official name for Estonia? Answer: the Republic of Estonia Question: Where is Estonia located in Northern Europe? Answer: the Baltic region Question: What borders the north of Estonia? Answer: the Gulf of Finland Question: What body of water borders Estonia on the west? Answer: the Baltic Sea Question: What country borders south Estonia? Answer: Latvia
Context: The Bovington signal course's director reported that Gaddafi successfully overcame problems learning English, displaying a firm command of voice procedure. Noting that Gaddafi's favourite hobbies were reading and playing football, he thought him an "amusing officer, always cheerful, hard-working, and conscientious." Gaddafi disliked England, claiming British Army officers racially insulted him and finding it difficult adjusting to the country's culture; asserting his Arab identity in London, he walked around Piccadilly wearing traditional Libyan robes. He later related that while he travelled to England believing it more advanced than Libya, he returned home "more confident and proud of our values, ideals and social character." Question: How did Gaddafi view Libya when he returned from England? Answer: he returned home "more confident and proud of our values, ideals and social character." Question: How did the Bovington signal course director view Gaddafi? Answer: he thought him an "amusing officer, always cheerful, hard-working, and conscientious." Question: How did Gaddafi feel about the British officers? Answer: claiming British Army officers racially insulted him Question: When Gaddafi traveled to London, did he attempt to blend into the English culture? Answer: finding it difficult adjusting to the country's culture; asserting his Arab identity in London, he walked around Piccadilly wearing traditional Libyan robes Question: How did the Bovington sign course director think of Gaddafi? Answer: an "amusing officer, always cheerful, hard-working, and conscientious." Question: How did Gaddafi feel about the British Army officers? Answer: Gaddafi disliked England, claiming British Army officers racially insulted him Question: When Gaddafi went to England, how did he respond to their culture? Answer: finding it difficult adjusting to the country's culture; asserting his Arab identity in London, he walked around Piccadilly wearing traditional Libyan robes Question: When Gaddafi returned to Libya, how did he view his country? Answer: while he travelled to England believing it more advanced than Libya, he returned home "more confident and proud of our values, ideals and social character." Question: What were Gaddafi's favorite hobbies in the military? Answer: reading and playing football Question: Along with reading, how did Gaddafi enjoy spending his free time? Answer: playing football Question: In what part of London did Gaddafi wear traditional Arab garb? Answer: Piccadilly Question: What language did Gaddafi have difficulty learning? Answer: English Question: Where did Gaddafi's signal course take place? Answer: Bovington Question: What mistreatment did Gaddafi say that British soldiers subjected him to? Answer: racially insulted him
Context: As of 2010 the Catholic Church had the highest number of adherents as a single denomination in the Boston-Cambridge-Newton Metro area, with more than two million members and 339 churches, followed by the Episcopal Church with 58,000 adherents in 160 churches. The United Church of Christ had 55,000 members and 213 churches. The UCC is the successor of the city's Puritan religious traditions. Old South Church in Boston is one of the oldest congregations in the United States. It was organized in 1669 by dissenters from the First Church in Boston (1630). Notable past members include Samuel Adams, William Dawes, Benjamin Franklin, Samuel Sewall, and Phillis Wheatley. In 1773, Adams gave the signals from the Old South Meeting House that started the Boston Tea Party. Question: How many member attended the Catholic Church in the Boston area in 2010? Answer: two million Question: How many Catholic churches were in the Boston area in 2010? Answer: 339 Question: How many Episcopal churches were in the Boston Metro area in 2010? Answer: 160 Question: What Boston church is one of the oldest congregations in the US? Answer: Old South Church Question: What year was Old South Church organized? Answer: 1669
Context: All vertebrates have a blood–brain barrier that allows metabolism inside the brain to operate differently from metabolism in other parts of the body. Glial cells play a major role in brain metabolism by controlling the chemical composition of the fluid that surrounds neurons, including levels of ions and nutrients. Question: What type of cells have a huge role in brain metabolism? Answer: Glial cells Question: Glial cells control what inside the brain? Answer: chemical composition of the fluid that surrounds neurons
Context: Having been capital of a vast pre-Hispanic empire, and also the capital of richest viceroyalty within the Spanish Empire (ruling over a vast territory in the Americas and Spanish West Indies), and, finally, the capital of the United Mexican States, Mexico City has a rich history of artistic expression. Since the mesoamerican pre-Classical period the inhabitants of the settlements around Lake Texcoco produced many works of art and complex craftsmanship, some of which are today displayed at the world-renowned National Museum of Anthropology and the Templo Mayor museum. While many pieces of pottery and stone-engraving have survived, the great majority of the Amerindian iconography was destroyed during the Conquest of Mexico. Question: When did Mexico City lost most of its artifacts? Answer: Conquest of Mexico Question: When did the complex art of Mexico City begin? Answer: pre-Classical period Question: What holds most of the old art of the Mexico city region? Answer: National Museum of Anthropology and the Templo Mayor museum Question: What are the main artifacts that have survived? Answer: pottery and stone-engraving
Context: Resorting to this verbal device, however, did not protect the "Ancient Near East" from the inroads of "the Middle East." For example, a high point in the use of "Ancient Near East" was for Biblical scholars the Ancient Near Eastern Texts relating to the Old Testament by James Bennett Pritchard, a textbook of first edition dated 1950. The last great book written by Leonard Woolley, British archaeologist, excavator of ancient Ur and associate of T.E. Lawrence and Arthur Evans, was The Art of the Middle East, Including Persia, Mesopotamia and Palestine, published in 1961. Woolley had completed it in 1960 two weeks before his death. The geographical ranges in each case are identical. Question: James Bennett Pritchard wrote what? Answer: Texts relating to the Old Testament Question: When did James Bennett Pritchard write his textbook? Answer: 1950 Question: Who was a British archaeologist? Answer: Leonard Woolley Question: Who excavated ancient Ur? Answer: Leonard Woolley
Context: In 1846, the United States went to war against Mexico and sent a naval and land expedition to conquer Alta California. At first they had an easy time of it capturing the major ports including San Diego, but the Californios in southern Alta California struck back. Following the successful revolt in Los Angeles, the American garrison at San Diego was driven out without firing a shot in early October 1846. Mexican partisans held San Diego for three weeks until October 24, 1846, when the Americans recaptured it. For the next several months the Americans were blockaded inside the pueblo. Skirmishes occurred daily and snipers shot into the town every night. The Californios drove cattle away from the pueblo hoping to starve the Americans and their Californio supporters out. On December 1 the Americans garrison learned that the dragoons of General Stephen W. Kearney were at Warner's Ranch. Commodore Robert F. Stockton sent a mounted force of fifty under Captain Archibald Gillespie to march north to meet him. Their joint command of 150 men, returning to San Diego, encountered about 93 Californios under Andrés Pico. In the ensuing Battle of San Pasqual, fought in the San Pasqual Valley which is now part of the city of San Diego, the Americans suffered their worst losses in the campaign. Subsequently a column led by Lieutenant Gray arrived from San Diego, rescuing Kearny's battered and blockaded command. Question: Who commissioned Captain Archibald Gillespie to lead 50 men on horseback to the north? Answer: Commodore Robert F. Stockton Question: What battle took place in the San Pasqual Valley? Answer: Battle of San Pasqual Question: Who led the group from San Diego that rescued Kearny's men? Answer: Lieutenant Gray Question: What extreme measure did the Californios take to try to draw the Americans out of the pueblo? Answer: The Californios drove cattle away from the pueblo Question: How many weeks did Mexican partisans hold San Diego before it was recaptured by Americans? Answer: three weeks Question: Who commissioned Captain Archibald Gillespie to lead 500 men on horseback to the north? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What battle took place in the San Francisco Valley? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who led the group from San Francisco that rescued Kearny's men? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What extreme measure did the Californios take to try to draw the Natives out of the pueblo? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many weeks did Mexican partisans hold San Francisco before it was recaptured by Americans? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Gellius says that in his day humanitas is commonly used as a synonym for philanthropy – or kindness and benevolence toward one's fellow human being. Gellius maintains that this common usage is wrong, and that model writers of Latin, such as Cicero and others, used the word only to mean what we might call "humane" or "polite" learning, or the Greek equivalent Paideia. Gellius became a favorite author in the Italian Renaissance, and, in fifteenth-century Italy, teachers and scholars of philosophy, poetry, and rhetoric were called and called themselves "humanists". Modern scholars, however, point out that Cicero (106 – 43 BCE), who was most responsible for defining and popularizing the term humanitas, in fact frequently used the word in both senses, as did his near contemporaries. For Cicero, a lawyer, what most distinguished humans from brutes was speech, which, allied to reason, could (and should) enable them to settle disputes and live together in concord and harmony under the rule of law. Thus humanitas included two meanings from the outset and these continue in the modern derivative, humanism, which even today can refer to both humanitarian benevolence and to scholarship. Question: What was humanism once considered the same as? Answer: philanthropy Question: Who has disagreed with this connotation of the word? Answer: Gellius Question: In which period did Gellius gain fame? Answer: Italian Renaissance Question: Who is credited with clarifying and making the term humanitas commonplace? Answer: Cicero Question: What is the characteristic that most separates humans from animals? Answer: speech Question: What was humanism once considered worse than? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who can't disagree with a connotation of a word? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which period did Gellius lose fame? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is credited with clarifying and making the term humanitas forbidden? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the characteristic that most indicates why humans are the same as robots? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On April 17, Xinhua condemned what it called "biased coverage of the Lhasa riots and the Olympic torch relay by the U.S.-based Cable News Network (CNN)". The same day, the Chinese government called on CNN to "apologise" for having allegedly insulted the Chinese people, and for "attempting to incite the Chinese people against the government". CNN issued a statement on April 14, responded to China over 'thugs and goons' comment by Jack Cafferty. Question: Who did Xinhua accuse of biased reporting on April 17? Answer: CNN Question: Who was accused of bias on April 17 by Xinhua? Answer: CNN Question: Who wanted CNN to apologize for its insult to Chinese people? Answer: the Chinese government
Context: While these few hard rock bands managed to maintain success and popularity in the early part of the decade, alternative forms of hard rock achieved mainstream success in the form of grunge in the US and Britpop in the UK. This was particularly evident after the success of Nirvana's Nevermind (1991), which combined elements of hardcore punk and heavy metal into a "dirty" sound that made use of heavy guitar distortion, fuzz and feedback, along with darker lyrical themes than their "hair band" predecessors. Although most grunge bands had a sound that sharply contrasted mainstream hard rock, several, including Pearl Jam, Alice in Chains, Mother Love Bone and Soundgarden, were more strongly influenced by 1970s and 1980s rock and metal, while Stone Temple Pilots managed to turn alternative rock into a form of stadium rock. However, all grunge bands shunned the macho, anthemic and fashion-focused aesthetics particularly associated with glam metal. In the UK, Oasis were unusual among the Britpop bands of the mid-1990s in incorporating a hard rock sound. Question: What was the title of Nirvana's 1991 album? Answer: Nevermind Question: What was the hard rock style that emerged in the early 1990s? Answer: grunge Question: What are some grunge bands with a strong 1970s influence? Answer: Pearl Jam, Alice in Chains, Mother Love Bone and Soundgarden Question: What 1990s hard rock band had a big stadium rock sound? Answer: Stone Temple Pilots Question: What element made Oasis unique among 1990s Britpop bands? Answer: a hard rock sound Question: Who had success with the soft rock song Nevermind in 1991? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What form of music combined the clean sound of heavy guitar to produce feedback? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of bands were consistent with mainstream hard rock? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What form of music did Stone Temple Pilots turn into mainstream hard rock? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What aesthetics did all grunge bands embrace? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Baltic was[when?] a forgotten theatre of the Crimean War. Popularisation of events elsewhere overshadowed the significance of this theatre, which was close to Saint Petersburg, the Russian capital. In April 1854 an Anglo-French fleet entered the Baltic to attack the Russian naval base of Kronstadt and the Russian fleet stationed there. In August 1854 the combined British and French fleet returned to Kronstadt for another attempt. The outnumbered Russian Baltic Fleet confined its movements to the areas around its fortifications. At the same time, the British and French commanders Sir Charles Napier and Alexandre Ferdinand Parseval-Deschenes—although they led the largest fleet assembled since the Napoleonic Wars—considered the Sveaborg fortress too well-defended to engage. Thus, shelling of the Russian batteries was limited to two attempts in the summers of 1854 and 1855, and initially, the attacking fleets limited their actions to blockading Russian trade in the Gulf of Finland. Naval attacks on other ports, such as the ones in the island of Hogland in the Gulf of Finland, proved more successful. Additionally, allies conducted raids on less fortified sections of the Finnish coast. These battles are known in Finland as the Åland war. Question: What is the Russian capital? Answer: Saint Petersburg Question: Which theater was next to Saint Petersburg? Answer: The Baltic Question: Which fleet joined the Baltic attack? Answer: Anglo-French fleet Question: When did the Anglo-French fleet join the Baltic attack? Answer: April 1854 Question: Which two fleets returned to Kronstadt? Answer: British and French fleet
Context: Between Second and Third Avenues, 21st Street is alternatively known as Police Officer Anthony Sanchez Way. Along the northern perimeter of Gramercy Park, between Gramercy Park East and Gramercy Park West, 21st Street is known as Gramercy Park North. Question: Which Street is also known as Police Officer Anthony Sanchez Way? Answer: 21st Street Question: What is 21st Street known as along the northern perimeter of Gramercy Park? Answer: Gramercy Park North Question: Between what avenues is 21st Street known by Police Officer Anthony Sanchez Way? Answer: Second and Third Avenues Question: Which police officer does a section of 21st Street refer to? Answer: Anthony Sanchez
Context: Mexico City is one of the most important economic hubs in Latin America. The city proper (Federal District) produces 15.8% of the country's gross domestic product. According to a study conducted by PwC, Mexico City had a GDP of $390 billion, ranking it as the eighth richest city in the world after the greater metropolitan areas of Tokyo, New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Paris, London and Osaka/Kobe (and the richest in the whole of Latin America). Excluding the rest of the Mexican economy, Mexico City alone would rank as the 30th largest economy in the world. Mexico City is the greatest contributor to the country's industrial GDP (15.8%) and also the greatest contributor to the country's GDP in the service sector (25.3%). Due to the limited non-urbanized space at the south—most of which is protected through environmental laws—the contribution of the Federal District in agriculture is the smallest of all federal entities in the country. Mexico City has one of the world's fastest-growing economies and its GDP is set to double by 2020. Question: What percentage of the National GDP does the Federal District produce? Answer: 15.8 Question: What is the GDP of Mexico City? Answer: $390 billion Question: What ranking in terms of GDP is Mexico City globally? Answer: eighth Question: What percentage of service sector national GDP does Mexico City account for? Answer: 25.3 Question: By what year will the Mexico City GDP double by, according to research? Answer: 2020
Context: The war started badly for the US and UN. North Korean forces struck massively in the summer of 1950 and nearly drove the outnumbered US and ROK defenders into the sea. However the United Nations intervened, naming Douglas MacArthur commander of its forces, and UN-US-ROK forces held a perimeter around Pusan, gaining time for reinforcement. MacArthur, in a bold but risky move, ordered an amphibious invasion well behind the front lines at Inchon, cutting off and routing the North Koreans and quickly crossing the 38th Parallel into North Korea. As UN forces continued to advance toward the Yalu River on the border with Communist China, the Chinese crossed the Yalu River in October and launched a series of surprise attacks that sent the UN forces reeling back across the 38th Parallel. Truman originally wanted a Rollback strategy to unify Korea; after the Chinese successes he settled for a Containment policy to split the country. MacArthur argued for rollback but was fired by President Harry Truman after disputes over the conduct of the war. Peace negotiations dragged on for two years until President Dwight D. Eisenhower threatened China with nuclear weapons; an armistice was quickly reached with the two Koreas remaining divided at the 38th parallel. North and South Korea are still today in a state of war, having never signed a peace treaty, and American forces remain stationed in South Korea as part of American foreign policy. Question: When did North Korean forces initiate attacks on US and UN forces in the Korean war? Answer: 1950 Question: What South Korean city did the US and ROK forces defend while building reinforcements? Answer: Pusan Question: What type of attack was used on Inchon? Answer: amphibious invasion Question: Chinese troops attacked the UN forces when they crossed what river? Answer: the Yalu River Question: What general was fired for defying President Truman's containment strategy? Answer: Douglas MacArthur Question: When did North Korean forces initiate attacks on US and UK forces in the Korean war? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What South Korean city did the US and Canadian forces defend while building reinforcements? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of attack was used on Pinchon? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Chinese troops attacked the UN forces when they crossed what ocean? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What general was fired for defying President Trump's containment strategy? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Palermo has at least 2 circuits of City Walls - many pieces of which still survive. The first circuit surrounded the ancient core of the punic City - the so-called Palaeopolis (in the area east of Porta Nuova) and the Neopolis. Via Vittorio Emanuele was the main road east-west through this early walled city. The eastern edge of the walled city was on Via Roma and the ancient port in the vicinity of Piazza Marina. The wall circuit was approximately Porto Nuovo, Corso Alberti, Piazza Peranni, Via Isodoro, Via Candela, Via Venezia, Via Roma, Piazza Paninni, Via Biscottari, Via Del Bastione, Palazzo dei Normanni and back to Porto Nuovo. Question: Where does the first of Palermo's circuits suround? Answer: ancient core of the punic City - the so-called Palaeopolis (in the area east of Porta Nuova) and the Neopolis Question: What was the name of the primary east-west road within the walls of Palaeopolis? Answer: Via Vittorio Emanuele Question: On what road was the eastern edge of the walled city? Answer: Via Roma Question: What surrounds Palermo in a single circut? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what road was the western edge of the walled city? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the secondary east-west road within the walls of Palaepolis? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). CSP systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. PV converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect. Question: What is solar power? Answer: conversion of sunlight into electricity Question: How is sunlight converted into electricity? Answer: either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP) Question: What does a concentrated solar power system use? Answer: lenses or mirrors and tracking systems Question: What is the purpose of a concentrated solar power system? Answer: focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam Question: What method does the photovoltaics system use to turn light into electricity? Answer: photoelectric effect
Context: At the time of Harold Evans' appointment as editor in 1981, The Times had an average daily sale of 282,000 copies in comparison to the 1.4 million daily sales of its traditional rival The Daily Telegraph. By November 2005 The Times sold an average of 691,283 copies per day, the second-highest of any British "quality" newspaper (after The Daily Telegraph, which had a circulation of 903,405 copies in the period), and the highest in terms of full-rate sales. By March 2014, average daily circulation of The Times had fallen to 394,448 copies, compared to The Daily Telegraph's 523,048, with the two retaining respectively the second-highest and highest circulations among British "quality" newspapers. In contrast The Sun, the highest-selling "tabloid" daily newspaper in the United Kingdom, sold an average of 2,069,809 copies in March 2014, and the Daily Mail, the highest-selling "middle market" British daily newspaper, sold an average of 1,708,006 copies in the period. Question: What year was Harold Evans appointed to editor of The Times? Answer: 1981 Question: The Times has a traditional rival with what other major British newspaper? Answer: The Daily Telegraph Question: What is the name of the highest-selling tabloid daily newspaper in the United Kingdom? Answer: The Sun Question: What is the name of the highest-selling middle market British daily newspaper? Answer: Daily Mail
Context: Xiamen dialect, sometimes known as Amoy, is the main dialect spoken in the Chinese city of Xiamen and its surrounding regions of Tong'an and Xiang'an, both of which are now included in the Greater Xiamen area. This dialect developed in the late Ming dynasty when Xiamen was increasingly taking over Quanzhou's position as the main port of trade in southeastern China. Quanzhou traders began travelling southwards to Xiamen to carry on their businesses while Zhangzhou peasants began traveling northwards to Xiamen in search of job opportunities. It is at this time when a need for a common language arose. The Quanzhou and Zhangzhou varieties are similar in many ways (as can be seen from the common place of Henan Luoyang where they originated), but due to differences in accents, communication can be a problem. Quanzhou businessmen considered their speech to be the prestige accent and considered Zhangzhou's to be a village dialect. Over the centuries, dialect leveling occurred and the two speeches mixed to produce the Amoy dialect. Question: What is another name for Xiamen dialect? Answer: Amoy Question: What is the main dialect spoken in Xiamen? Answer: Xiamen dialect Question: During what dynasty did the Xiamen dialect develope? Answer: late Ming dynasty Question: What city took over Quanzhou's position as the main port of trade in SE China? Answer: Xiamen Question: Why did peasants from Zhangzhou travel north to Xiamen? Answer: in search of job opportunities Question: During what dynasty did the Xiemen dialect disapear? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the main dialect spoken in Xiang'an and the surrouncing areas of Tong'an and Xiamen? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What area now includes Tong'an and Xiang'an? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Quanzhou taking over Xiamen's position as the main port of trade? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was traveling south in search of jobs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another name for the Tong'an dialect? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What dialect developed in the Quanzhou dynasty? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Henan Luoyang consider the better accent to be? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened over time to produce the Henan dialect? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did Zhangzhou peasants travel southwards? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Pluralistic idealism such as that of Gottfried Leibniz takes the view that there are many individual minds that together underlie the existence of the observed world and make possible the existence of the physical universe. Unlike absolute idealism, pluralistic idealism does not assume the existence of a single ultimate mental reality or "Absolute". Leibniz' form of idealism, known as Panpsychism, views "monads" as the true atoms of the universe and as entities having perception. The monads are "substantial forms of being",elemental, individual, subject to their own laws, non-interacting, each reflecting the entire universe. Monads are centers of force, which is substance while space, matter and motion are phenomenal and their form and existence is dependent on the simple and immaterial monads. There is a pre-established harmony established by God, the central monad, between the world in the minds of the monads and the external world of objects. Leibniz's cosmology embraced traditional Christian Theism. The English psychologist and philosopher James Ward inspired by Leibniz had also defended a form of pluralistic idealism. According to Ward the universe is composed of "psychic monads" of different levels, interacting for mutual self- betterment. Question: Who is a notable exponent of pluralistic idealism? Answer: Gottfried Leibniz Question: What is the term for the type of idealism preached by Leibniz? Answer: Panpsychism Question: What did Leibniz believe the universe is fundamentally composed of? Answer: monads Question: Who was a notable disciple of Leibniz? Answer: James Ward Question: What does Ward see as the purpose of interaction between monads? Answer: self- betterment Question: What form of thought rejected Leibniz's cosmology? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Leibniz's nationality? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did James Ward inspire? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What form of idealism did Ward create? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Pluralistic idealism assumes the absolute in the same way what other form of idealism does? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Though traditionally a moderate newspaper and sometimes a supporter of the Conservative Party, it supported the Labour Party in the 2001 and 2005 general elections. In 2004, according to MORI, the voting intentions of its readership were 40% for the Conservative Party, 29% for the Liberal Democrats, and 26% for Labour. The Times had an average daily circulation of 394,448 in March 2014; in the same period, The Sunday Times had an average daily circulation of 839,077. An American edition of The Times has been published since 6 June 2006. It has been heavily used by scholars and researchers because of its widespread availability in libraries and its detailed index. A complete historical file of the digitized paper is online from Gage Cengage publisher. Question: Traditionally, what political spectrum did The Times support? Answer: moderate Question: What party did The Times support in 2001 and 2005 general elections? Answer: Labour Party Question: In March 2014, The Times had an average daily circulation of how many people? Answer: 394,448 Question: The complete historical file of the digitized paper of The Times is online and published by what publisher? Answer: Gage Cengage Question: What political party has the highest readership of The Times? Answer: Conservative Party
Context: During a November 26, 2013 radio interview, West explained why he believed that President Obama had problems pushing policies in Washington: "Man, let me tell you something about George Bush and oil money and Obama and no money. People want to say Obama can't make these moves or he's not executing. That's because he ain't got those connections. Black people don't have the same level of connections as Jewish people...We ain't Jewish. We don't got family that got money like that." In response to his comments, the Anti-Defamation League stated: "There it goes again, the age-old canard that Jews are all-powerful and control the levers of power in government." On December 21, 2013, West backed off of the original comment and told a Chicago radio station that "I thought I was giving a compliment, but if anything it came off more ignorant. I don’t know how being told you have money is an insult." Question: What president did Kanye comment on as having trouble pushing policies while in office? Answer: Obama Question: What type of people did Kanye state had more power than Black people? Answer: Jewish people Question: On what day did Kanye do an interview about President Obama pushing policies in Washington? Answer: November 26, 2013 Question: On what day did Kanye take back his original comment about Jews? Answer: December 21, 2013
Context: After running imperial military affairs in the states of Coahuila and Durango, General Agustín Enrique Brincourt made preparations to invade the state of Chihuahua. On July 8, 1865 Brincourt crossed the Nazas River in northern Durango, heading toward Chihuahua. On July 22 Brincourt crossed the banks of Río Florido into Ciudad Jiménez; one day later he arrived at Valle de Allende where he sent Colonel Pyot with a garrison to take control of Hidalgo del Parral. Brincourt continued through Santa Rosalia de Camargo and Santa Cruz de Rosales. President Juárez remained in the state capital until August 5, 1865 when he left for El Paso del Norte (present-day Ciudad Juárez) due to evidence that the French were to attack the city. On the same day, the President named General Manuel Ojinaga the new governor and placed him in charge of all the republican forces. Meanwhile, General Villagran surprised the imperial forces in control of Hidalgo de Parral; after a short two-hour battle, Colonel Pyot was defeated and forced to retreat. At the Battle of Parral, the French lost 55 men to the Republican forces. On August 13, 1865, the French forces with an estimated 2,500 men arrived at the outskirts of Chihuahua City, and on August 15, 1865, General Brincourt defeated the republican forces, taking control of the state capital. Brincourt designated Tomás Zuloaga as Prefect of Chihuahua. Fearing the French would continue their campaign to El Paso del Norte, President Juárez relocated to El Carrizal, a secluded place in the mountains near El Paso del Norte, in August 1865, . It would have been easy for the French forces to continue in pursuit of President Juárez across the border, but they feared altercations with American forces. General François Achille Bazaine ordered the French troops to retreat back to the state of Durango after only reaching a point one days travel north of Chihuahua City. General Brincourt asked for 1,000 men to be left behind to help maintain control over the state, but his request was denied. After the death of General Ojinaga, the Republican government declared General Villagran in charge of the fight against the Imperial forces. The French left the state on October 29, 1865. President Juárez returned to Chihuahua City on November 20, 1865 and remained in the city until December 9, 1865 when he returned to El Paso del Norte. Shortly after the president left Chihuahua City, Terrazas was restored as governor of the state on December 11, 1865. Question: Brincourt made preparations to invade which state? Answer: Chihuahua Question: In which states had Brincourt run military affairs previously? Answer: Coahuila and Durango Question: Who remained in the capital until August 5, 1865? Answer: President Juárez Question: Who surprised the imperial forces in control of Hidalgo? Answer: General Villagran Question: The Republican government declared who in charge of the fight against the imperialists? Answer: General Villagran
Context: Low-bandwidth devices are supported with a special PID value, PRE. This marks the beginning of a low-bandwidth packet, and is used by hubs that normally do not send full-bandwidth packets to low-bandwidth devices. Since all PID bytes include four 0 bits, they leave the bus in the full-bandwidth K state, which is the same as the low-bandwidth J state. It is followed by a brief pause, during which hubs enable their low-bandwidth outputs, already idling in the J state. Then a low-bandwidth packet follows, beginning with a sync sequence and PID byte, and ending with a brief period of SE0. Full-bandwidth devices other than hubs can simply ignore the PRE packet and its low-bandwidth contents, until the final SE0 indicates that a new packet follows. Question: Low-bandwidth devices are supported with what? Answer: a special PID value, PRE Question: All PID bytes include how many 0 bits? Answer: four 0 bits Question: Full-bandwidth devices other than hubs can what? Answer: simply ignore the PRE packet and its low-bandwidth contents
Context: Grape juice is obtained from crushing and blending grapes into a liquid. The juice is often sold in stores or fermented and made into wine, brandy, or vinegar. Grape juice that has been pasteurized, removing any naturally occurring yeast, will not ferment if kept sterile, and thus contains no alcohol. In the wine industry, grape juice that contains 7–23% of pulp, skins, stems and seeds is often referred to as "must". In North America, the most common grape juice is purple and made from Concord grapes, while white grape juice is commonly made from Niagara grapes, both of which are varieties of native American grapes, a different species from European wine grapes. In California, Sultana (known there as Thompson Seedless) grapes are sometimes diverted from the raisin or table market to produce white juice. Question: What juice is made when grapes are crushed and blended? Answer: Grape juice Question: What kind of grapes are made into vinegar? Answer: fermented Question: What is the most common grape used to make juice in North America? Answer: Concord grapes Question: What are Sultana grapes known as in California? Answer: Thompson Seedless Question: What types of grapes are commonly used to make white grape juice? Answer: Niagara grapes
Context: Cacoyannis also directed Zorba the Greek with Anthony Quinn which received Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Film nominations. Finos Film also contributed to this period with movies such as Λατέρνα, Φτώχεια και Φιλότιμο, Madalena, Η Θεία από το Σικάγο, Το ξύλο βγήκε από τον Παράδεισο and many more. During the 1970s and 1980s Theo Angelopoulos directed a series of notable and appreciated movies. His film Eternity and a Day won the Palme d'Or and the Prize of the Ecumenical Jury at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival. Question: What other famous movie did Cacoyannis direct? Answer: Zorba the Greek Question: Who starred in the movie Zorba the Greek? Answer: Anthony Quinn Question: What film won the Palme d'Or at Cannes in 1998? Answer: Eternity and a Day Question: Who directed the film Eternity and a Day? Answer: Theo Angelopoulos
Context: The Charaka Samhita, thought to have been written between 300 and 500 AD, mentions a metal which, when oxidized, produces pushpanjan, thought to be zinc oxide. Zinc mines at Zawar, near Udaipur in India, have been active since the Mauryan period. The smelting of metallic zinc here, however, appears to have begun around the 12th century AD. One estimate is that this location produced an estimated million tonnes of metallic zinc and zinc oxide from the 12th to 16th centuries. Another estimate gives a total production of 60,000 tonnes of metallic zinc over this period. The Rasaratna Samuccaya, written in approximately the 13th century AD, mentions two types of zinc-containing ores: one used for metal extraction and another used for medicinal purposes. Question: Zinc oxide is believed to be mentioned in what ancient text? Answer: The Charaka Samhita Question: Active zinc mines in India date back to what period? Answer: Mauryan period Question: What process occurred around the 12th century? Answer: smelting of metallic zinc Question: When was the Rasaratna Samuccaya written? Answer: 13th century AD, Question: What are the two uses of zinc ore mentioned in the Rasaratna Samuccaya? Answer: metal extraction and another used for medicinal purposes Question: What ancient text forbids the use of Zinc oxide? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What period do active zinc mines in China date back to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What process occurred around the 6th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the Rasaratna Samuccaya destroyed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the only use of zinc ore mentioned in the Rasaratna Samuccaya? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: With the new stadium, Barcelona participated in the inaugural version of the Pyrenees Cup, which, at the time, consisted of the best teams of Languedoc, Midi and Aquitaine (Southern France), the Basque Country and Catalonia; all were former members of the Marca Hispanica region. The contest was the most prestigious in that era. From the inaugural year in 1910 to 1913, Barcelona won the competition four consecutive times. Carles Comamala played an integral part of the four-time champion, managing the side along with Amechazurra and Jack Greenwell. The latter became the club's first full-time coach in 1917. The last edition was held in 1914 in the city of Barcelona, which local rivals Espanyol won. Question: How many times did Barcelona win the Pyrenees Cup? Answer: four Question: From what area were the participants of the Pyrenees Cup competition? Answer: Marca Hispanica Question: When was the Pyrenees Cup play begun? Answer: 1910 Question: Who was Barcelona's first full time coach? Answer: Jack Greenwell Question: When was the last Pyrenees Cup played? Answer: 1914
Context: There is very little voice acting in the game, as is the case in most Zelda titles to date. Link remains silent in conversation, but grunts when attacking or injured and gasps when surprised. His emotions and responses are largely indicated visually by nods and facial expressions. Other characters have similar language-independent verbalizations, including laughter, surprised or fearful exclamations, and screams. The character of Midna has the most voice acting—her on-screen dialog is often accompanied by a babble of pseudo-speech, which was produced by scrambling the phonemes of English phrases[better source needed] sampled by Japanese voice actress Akiko Kōmoto. Question: Through what can Link's reaction and mood can be discerned? Answer: nods and facial expressions Question: Which person has the most spoken dialogue in the game? Answer: Midna Question: Who provided the basis for Midna's voice? Answer: Akiko Kōmoto Question: What country does Akiko Komoto come from? Answer: Japan Question: What does Link say when attacking? Answer: grunts Question: How does Link express emotions? Answer: nods and facial expressions Question: What character has the most voice acting? Answer: Midna Question: Who does the voice of Midna? Answer: Akiko Kōmoto Question: Through what can Link's verbalizations be discerned? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which person has the most nods in the game? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who provided the basis for Zelda's voice? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What country does Zelda come from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Zelda say when attacking? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: There are many accents that are traditionally thought of as London accents. The most well known of the London accents long ago acquired the Cockney label, which is heard both in London itself, and across the wider South East England region more generally. The accent of a 21st-century 'Londoner' varies widely; what is becoming more and more common amongst the under-30s however is some fusion of Cockney with a whole array of 'ethnic' accents, in particular Caribbean, which form an accent labelled Multicultural London English (MLE). The other widely heard and spoken accent is RP (Received Pronunciation) in various forms, which can often be heard in the media and many of other traditional professions and beyond, although this accent is not limited to London and South East England, and can also be heard selectively throughout the whole UK amongst certain social groupings. Question: What is the best-known London accent known as? Answer: Cockney Question: An increasingly popular London accent among younger people fuses Cockney with what? Answer: 'ethnic' accents Question: What style of accent in London is commonly used by media and other professionals? Answer: RP (Received Pronunciation) Question: Outside of London, where is the Cockney accent typically heard? Answer: the wider South East England region
Context: Paper is often characterized by weight. In the United States, the weight assigned to a paper is the weight of a ream, 500 sheets, of varying "basic sizes", before the paper is cut into the size it is sold to end customers. For example, a ream of 20 lb, 8.5 in × 11 in (216 mm × 279 mm) paper weighs 5 pounds, because it has been cut from a larger sheet into four pieces. In the United States, printing paper is generally 20 lb, 24 lb, or 32 lb at most. Cover stock is generally 68 lb, and 110 lb or more is considered card stock. Question: What characteristic is paper usually classified by? Answer: weight Question: In the US, the weight of what is used to classify paper for sale? Answer: a ream Question: Paper rated at over 110lb is considered what type of stock? Answer: card Question: What is weight most often characterized by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many sheets of reams are in a basic size? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what sizes do pounds of paper come? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happens to the paper after it is sold to end customers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much does a ream of 5 lb, 8.5 in x 11 in paper weigh? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What characteristic is paper not usually classified by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In the UK, the weight of what is used to classify paper for sale? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Paper rated at over 210lb is considered what type of stock? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The United States originally wished to remain neutral when World War I broke out in August 1914. However, it insisted on its right as a neutral party to immunity from German submarine attack, even though its ships carried food and raw materials to Britain. In 1917 the Germans resumed submarine attacks, knowing that it would lead to American entry. When the U.S declared war, the U.S. army was still small by European standards and mobilization would take a year. Meanwhile, the U.S. continued to provide supplies and money to Britain and France, and initiated the first peacetime draft. Industrial mobilization took longer than expected, so divisions were sent to Europe without equipment, relying instead on the British and French to supply them. Question: When World War I started, what was the official US position? Answer: neutral Question: When did World War I commence? Answer: August 1914 Question: What German war policy precipitated US involvement in WWI? Answer: submarine attacks Question: What year did the US enter World War I? Answer: 1917 Question: The United States built its army prior to joining the war in what way? Answer: peacetime draft Question: When World War I started, what was the official UK position? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did World War II commence? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What German war policy precipitated US involvement in WWII? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did the US enter World War II? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The UK built its army prior to joining the war in what way? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The City of Plymouth is divided into 20 wards, 17 of which elect three councillors and the other three electing two councillors, making up a total council of 57. Each year a third of the council is up for election for three consecutive years – there are no elections on the following "fourth" year, which is when County Council elections take place. The total electorate for Plymouth was 188,924 in April 2015. The local election of 7 May 2015 resulted in a political composition of 28 Labour councillors, 26 Conservative and 3 UKIP resulting in a Labour administration. Plymouth City Council is formally twinned with: Brest, France (1963), Gdynia, Poland (1976), Novorossiysk, Russia (1990) San Sebastián, Spain (1990) and Plymouth, United States (2001). Question: How many wards in Plymouth elect two councillors? Answer: three Question: How many members are on the Plymouth council? Answer: 57 Question: What fraction of the Plymouth council is elected each year? Answer: a third Question: With what French city is Plymouth twinned? Answer: Brest Question: In what year did Plymouth twin with Plymouth in the United States? Answer: 2001
Context: RIBA runs many awards including the Stirling Prize for the best new building of the year, the Royal Gold Medal (first awarded in 1848), which honours a distinguished body of work, and the Stephen Lawrence Prize for projects with a construction budget of less than £500,000. The RIBA also awards the President's Medals for student work, which are regarded as the most prestigious awards in architectural education, and the RIBA President's Awards for Research. The RIBA European Award was inaugurated in 2005 for work in the European Union, outside the UK. The RIBA National Award and the RIBA International Award were established in 2007. Since 1966, the RIBA also judges regional awards which are presented locally in the UK regions (East, East Midlands, London, North East, North West, Northern Ireland, Scotland, South/South East, South West/Wessex, Wales, West Midlands and Yorkshire). Question: What does the Royal Institute of British Architects award the Stirling Prize for? Answer: the best new building of the year Question: What was the first year in which RIBA's Royal Gold Medal was given? Answer: 1848 Question: What is the Royal Gold Medal awarded for? Answer: a distinguished body of work Question: What is the limit of how much can be spent on projects receiving the Stephen Lawrence Prize? Answer: £500,000 Question: What is the name of the RIBA awards given to students of architecture? Answer: the President's Medals Question: What does the Royal Institute of British Architects no longer award the Stirling Prize for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the last year in which RIBA's Royal Gold Medal was given? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the Royal Gold Medal removed from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the limit of how much can be taken from projects receiving the Stephen Lawrence Prize? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name of the RIBA awards given to professors of architecture? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Tiberius' brother Gaius was elected tribune in 123 BC. Gaius Gracchus' ultimate goal was to weaken the senate and to strengthen the democratic forces. In the past, for example, the senate would eliminate political rivals either by establishing special judicial commissions or by passing a senatus consultum ultimum ("ultimate decree of the senate"). Both devices would allow the Senate to bypass the ordinary due process rights that all citizens had. Gaius outlawed the judicial commissions, and declared the senatus consultum ultimum to be unconstitutional. Gaius then proposed a law which would grant citizenship rights to Rome's Italian allies. This last proposal was not popular with the plebeians and he lost much of his support. He stood for election to a third term in 121 BC, but was defeated and then murdered by representatives of the senate with 3,000 of his supporters on Capitoline Hill in Rome. Though the senate retained control, the Gracchi had strengthened the political influence of the plebeians. Question: In what year was Gaius elected to office? Answer: 123 BC Question: What is considered to be the end game of Gaius Gracchus? Answer: weaken the senate and to strengthen the democratic forces Question: Who brought forward a law that would given citizenship right to Italian allies of Rome? Answer: Gaius Question: Which elected official lost the election in 121 BC? Answer: Gaius Question: What was the location of the Gaius Gracchus murder? Answer: Capitoline Hill in Rome
Context: A few insects, such as members of the families Poduridae and Onychiuridae (Collembola), Mycetophilidae (Diptera) and the beetle families Lampyridae, Phengodidae, Elateridae and Staphylinidae are bioluminescent. The most familiar group are the fireflies, beetles of the family Lampyridae. Some species are able to control this light generation to produce flashes. The function varies with some species using them to attract mates, while others use them to lure prey. Cave dwelling larvae of Arachnocampa (Mycetophilidae, Fungus gnats) glow to lure small flying insects into sticky strands of silk. Some fireflies of the genus Photuris mimic the flashing of female Photinus species to attract males of that species, which are then captured and devoured. The colors of emitted light vary from dull blue (Orfelia fultoni, Mycetophilidae) to the familiar greens and the rare reds (Phrixothrix tiemanni, Phengodidae). Question: What is another name for Colleobola? Answer: Onychiuridae Question: Mycetophilldae is another name for what? Answer: Diptera Question: Phengodidae is party of what insect family? Answer: beetle Question: Elateridae and Staphylinidae are what kind of luminescent? Answer: bioluminescent Question: What kind of fly mimics the flashing of female Photinus to attract males? Answer: fireflies
Context: The resultant South Korean government promulgated a national political constitution on 17 July 1948, and elected Syngman Rhee as President on 20 July 1948. The Republic of Korea (South Korea) was established on 15 August 1948. In the Russian Korean Zone of Occupation, the Soviet Union established a Communist North Korean government led by Kim Il-sung. President Rhee's régime excluded communists and leftists from southern politics. Disenfranchised, they headed for the hills, to prepare for guerrilla war against the US-sponsored ROK Government. Question: When was South Korea's constitution created? Answer: 1948 Question: Who was elected president of South Korea on July 20, 1948? Answer: Syngman Rhee Question: What year was the Republic of Korea established? Answer: 1948 Question: Who led the Russian Koran Zone of Occupation? Answer: Kim Il-sung Question: What two groups were excluded from the South Korean political process? Answer: communists and leftists
Context: Nasser was known for his intimate relationship with ordinary Egyptians. His availability to the public, despite assassination attempts against him, was unparalleled among his successors. A skilled orator, Nasser gave 1,359 speeches between 1953 and 1970, a record for any Egyptian head of state. Historian Elie Podeh wrote that a constant theme of Nasser's image was "his ability to represent Egyptian authenticity, in triumph or defeat". The national press also helped to foster his popularity and profile—more so after the nationalization of state media. Historian Tarek Osman wrote: Question: What was Nasser known for in regard to ordinary citizens? Answer: availability to the public Question: How many speeches did Nasser give? Answer: 1,359 Question: Who gave the most speeches of any Egyptian leader? Answer: Nasser Question: What institution helped cultivate Nasser's positive public image? Answer: press
Context: Men typically wore a toga, and women a stola. The woman's stola differed in looks from a toga, and was usually brightly coloured. The cloth and the dress distinguished one class of people from the other class. The tunic worn by plebeians, or common people, like shepherds and slaves, was made from coarse and dark material, whereas the tunic worn by patricians was of linen or white wool. A knight or magistrate would wear an augusticlavus, a tunic bearing small purple studs. Senators wore tunics with broad red stripes, called tunica laticlavia. Military tunics were shorter than the ones worn by civilians. Boys, up until the festival of Liberalia, wore the toga praetexta, which was a toga with a crimson or purple border. The toga virilis, (or toga pura) was worn by men over the age of 16 to signify their citizenship in Rome. The toga picta was worn by triumphant generals and had embroidery of their skill on the battlefield. The toga pulla was worn when in mourning.[citation needed] Question: What article of clothing could generally be found on a male Roman? Answer: a toga Question: What garment was worn by male gendered adults to convey their status as a citizen of Rome? Answer: toga virilis Question: What was typically worn after the loss of a loved one in the Roman Republic? Answer: The toga pulla Question: Which official would wear a garment containing broad red striping? Answer: Senators Question: How did a womans garment typically vary from a mans in the Roman Republic? Answer: usually brightly coloured
Context: Operating at normal power line frequencies, universal motors are often found in a range less than 1000 watts. Universal motors also formed the basis of the traditional railway traction motor in electric railways. In this application, the use of AC to power a motor originally designed to run on DC would lead to efficiency losses due to eddy current heating of their magnetic components, particularly the motor field pole-pieces that, for DC, would have used solid (un-laminated) iron and they are now rarely used. Question: What is the typical maximum range of universal motors? Answer: 1000 watts Question: What type of motor was used in trailway traction applications? Answer: universal Question: What is the result of using AC power on a DC motor? Answer: efficiency losses Question: What were universal motor pole pieces constructed from? Answer: solid (un-laminated) iron Question: What is the atypical maximum range of universal motors? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of motor was not used in trailway traction applications? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the result of using DC power on a DC motor? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What weren't universal motor pole pieces constructed from? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Hayek was one of the leading academic critics of collectivism in the 20th century. Hayek argued that all forms of collectivism (even those theoretically based on voluntary co-operation) could only be maintained by a central authority of some kind. In Hayek's view, the central role of the state should be to maintain the rule of law, with as little arbitrary intervention as possible. In his popular book, The Road to Serfdom (1944) and in subsequent academic works, Hayek argued that socialism required central economic planning and that such planning in turn leads towards totalitarianism. Question: What was the name of the ideology Hayek criticized? Answer: collectivism Question: How did Hayek believe collectivism could be maintained? Answer: a central authority Question: According to Hayek, what is necessary for the implementation of a socialist economy? Answer: central economic planning Question: Hayek believed the requirements for a socialist economy would lead to what? Answer: totalitarianism Question: What did Hayek believe was the core responsibility of the state? Answer: maintain the rule of law
Context: In 1238, King James I of Aragon, with an army composed of Aragonese, Catalans, Navarrese and crusaders from the Order of Calatrava, laid siege to Valencia and on 28 September obtained a surrender. Fifty thousand Moors were forced to leave. Poets such as Ibn al-Abbar and Ibn Amira mourned this exile from their beloved Valencia. After the Christian victory and the expulsion of the Muslim population the city was divided between those who had participated in the conquest, according to the testimony in the Llibre del Repartiment (Book of Distribution). James I granted the city new charters of law, the Furs of Valencia, which later were extended to the whole kingdom of Valencia. Thenceforth the city entered a new historical stage in which a new society and a new language developed, forming the basis of the character of the Valencian people as they are known today. Question: What ruler attacked Valencia in 1238? Answer: King James I of Aragon Question: When did Valencia surrender? Answer: 28 September Question: Who was expelled from Valencia after James I's victory? Answer: the Muslim population Question: What were Valencia's new charters called? Answer: Furs of Valencia Question: What group did the crusaders who attacked Valencia belong to? Answer: Order of Calatrava
Context: After Fidel Castro rose to power in Cuba in 1959, many wealthy Cubans sought refuge in Miami, further increasing the population. The city developed businesses and cultural amenities as part of the New South. In the 1980s and 1990s, South Florida weathered social problems related to drug wars, immigration from Haiti and Latin America, and the widespread destruction of Hurricane Andrew. Racial and cultural tensions were sometimes sparked, but the city developed in the latter half of the 20th century as a major international, financial, and cultural center. It is the second-largest U.S. city (after El Paso, Texas) with a Spanish-speaking majority, and the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality. Question: In what year did Fidel Castro take over Cuba? Answer: 1959 Question: From what country did people notably emigrate to southern Florida in the 1980s and 90s? Answer: Haiti Question: What notable hurricane occurred between the 1980s and 1990s? Answer: Andrew Question: What is the largest city in the United States where a majority of the population speaks Spanish? Answer: El Paso, Texas Question: Miami is the US city with the largest population of what ethnic group? Answer: Cuban-American Question: In what year did Fidel Castro lose Cuba? Answer: Unanswerable Question: From what country did people notably emigrate to southern Florida in the 1880s and 90s? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What minor storm occurred between the 1980s and 1990s? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the smallest city in the United States where a majority of the population speaks Spanish? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Miami is the US city with the smallest population of what ethnic group? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Since the late twentieth century, the number of African and Caribbean ethnic African immigrants have increased in the United States. Together with publicity about the ancestry of President Barack Obama, whose father was from Kenya, some black writers have argued that new terms are needed for recent immigrants. They suggest that the term "African-American" should refer strictly to the descendants of African slaves and free people of color who survived the slavery era in the United States. They argue that grouping together all ethnic Africans regardless of their unique ancestral circumstances would deny the lingering effects of slavery within the American slave descendant community. They say recent ethnic African immigrants need to recognize their own unique ancestral backgrounds. Question: The President's father is from what country? Answer: Kenya Question: What community still has some effects of slavery? Answer: American slave descendant community Question: What must Africans who recently immigrated do? Answer: recognize their own unique ancestral backgrounds Question: Who argue for a term other than African American to describe recent immigrants? Answer: some black writers Question: What happened to the number of African and Caribbean ethnic African immigrants before the 20th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who has immigrated more to Canada since the late 20th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who has argued that new terms for recent immigrants should not be used? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What have white writers argued are needed for recent immigrants? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who do black writers say should not recognize their own unique ancestral backgrounds? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Old English was first written in runes, using the futhorc – a rune set derived from the Germanic 24-character elder futhark, extended by five more runes used to represent Anglo-Saxon vowel sounds, and sometimes by several more additional characters. From around the 9th century, the runic system came to be supplanted by a (minuscule) half-uncial script of the Latin alphabet introduced by Irish Christian missionaries. This was replaced by insular script, a cursive and pointed version of the half-uncial script. This was used until the end of the 12th century when continental Carolingian minuscule (also known as Caroline) replaced the insular. Question: What was written using the Germanic 24-character elder Furthark? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Anglo-Saxon vowels were there? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What script came into use in the 900's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who introduced a Latin script in the 900's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What writing form came into use in the 1200's? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Symbiosis played a major role in the co-evolution of flowering plants and the animals that pollinate them. Many plants that are pollinated by insects, bats, or birds have highly specialized flowers modified to promote pollination by a specific pollinator that is also correspondingly adapted. The first flowering plants in the fossil record had relatively simple flowers. Adaptive speciation quickly gave rise to many diverse groups of plants, and, at the same time, corresponding speciation occurred in certain insect groups. Some groups of plants developed nectar and large sticky pollen, while insects evolved more specialized morphologies to access and collect these rich food sources. In some taxa of plants and insects the relationship has become dependent, where the plant species can only be pollinated by one species of insect. Question: How big a part did symbiosis have in the development of flowering plants and their pollinators? Answer: a major role Question: What did some plants produce when flowers became less simple? Answer: nectar and large sticky pollen Question: What is the word for the kind of relationship in which a plant depend on a single type of insect? Answer: dependent Question: What gave rise to a select group of plants? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What flowering plants in the fossil record had relatively complex flowers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did bats develop to access and collect these rich food sources? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did birds develop to access and collect these rich food sources? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What animals need to be modified in order to be correspondingly adapted? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Between 1631 and 1890, the city tripled its area through land reclamation by filling in marshes, mud flats, and gaps between wharves along the waterfront. The largest reclamation efforts took place during the 19th century; beginning in 1807, the crown of Beacon Hill was used to fill in a 50-acre (20 ha) mill pond that later became the Haymarket Square area. The present-day State House sits atop this lowered Beacon Hill. Reclamation projects in the middle of the century created significant parts of the South End, the West End, the Financial District, and Chinatown. After The Great Boston Fire of 1872, workers used building rubble as landfill along the downtown waterfront. During the mid-to-late 19th century, workers filled almost 600 acres (2.4 km2) of brackish Charles River marshlands west of Boston Common with gravel brought by rail from the hills of Needham Heights. The city annexed the adjacent towns of South Boston (1804), East Boston (1836), Roxbury (1868), Dorchester (including present day Mattapan and a portion of South Boston) (1870), Brighton (including present day Allston) (1874), West Roxbury (including present day Jamaica Plain and Roslindale) (1874), Charlestown (1874), and Hyde Park (1912). Other proposals, for the annexation of Brookline, Cambridge, and Chelsea, were unsuccessful. Question: What was used to fill a mill pond that became the Haymarket Square? Answer: the crown of Beacon Hill Question: What sits on Beacon Hill today? Answer: State House Question: What famous disaster happened in Boston in 1872? Answer: The Great Boston Fire of 1872 Question: What was the rubble from the Great Boston Fire used for? Answer: as landfill along the downtown waterfront
Context: At the 2004 Summer Olympics, Bermuda competed in sailing, athletics, swimming, diving, triathlon and equestrian events. In those Olympics, Bermuda's Katura Horton-Perinchief made history by becoming the first black female diver to compete in the Olympic Games. Bermuda has had one Olympic medallist, Clarence Hill, who won a bronze medal in boxing. Bermuda also competed in Men's Skeleton at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. Patrick Singleton placed 19th, with a final time of 1:59.81. Jillian Teceira competed in the Beijing Olympics in 2008. It is tradition for Bermuda to march in the Opening Ceremony in Bermuda shorts, regardless of the summer or winter Olympic celebration. Bermuda also competes in the biennial Island Games, which it hosted in 2013. Question: What events did Bermuda compete in at the 2004 Summer Olympics? Answer: sailing, athletics, swimming, diving, triathlon and equestrian events Question: What did Katura Horton-Perinchief do? Answer: made history by becoming the first black female diver to compete in the Olympic Games. Question: What is the only medal Bermuda has ever won? Answer: bronze medal in boxing. Question: What is the Olympic tradition for Bermuda, regardless of season? Answer: march in the Opening Ceremony in Bermuda shorts Question: What events did Bermuda participate in during the 2004 winter olympics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Katura Perinchief-Horton do? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What event did Bermuda participate in during the 2006 summer olympics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who competed at the Beijing Olympics in 213? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What games did Bermuda host in 2008? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Great Britain lost Minorca in the Mediterranean to the French in 1756 but captured the French colonies in Senegal in 1758. The British Royal Navy took the French sugar colonies of Guadeloupe in 1759 and Martinique in 1762 as well as the Spanish cities of Havana in Cuba, and Manila in the Philippines, both prominent Spanish colonial cities. However, expansion into the hinterlands of both cities met with stiff resistance. In the Philippines, the British were confined to Manila until their agreed upon withdrawal at the war's end. Question: What island did Great Britain lose in 1756? Answer: Great Britain lost Minorca in the Mediterranean to the French in 1756 Question: What possession did the French lose to the Brits in 1758 Answer: captured the French colonies in Senegal in 1758 Question: Identify the French colonies lost to the British in 1759 and 1762. Answer: The British Royal Navy took the French sugar colonies of Guadeloupe in 1759 and Martinique in 1762 Question: What success did the British have in Cuba? Answer: Spanish cities of Havana in Cuba Question: What other colony was taken by the British from Spain? Answer: Manila in the Philippines
Context: On October 17, 1987, about 3,000 Armenians demonstrated in Yerevan complaining about the condition of Lake Sevan, the Nairit chemicals plant, and the Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant, and air pollution in Yerevan. Police tried to prevent the protest but took no action to stop it once the march was underway. The demonstration was led by Armenian writers such as Silva Kaputikian, Zori Balayan, and Maro Margarian and leaders from the National Survival organization. The march originated at the Opera Plaza after speakers, mainly intellectuals, addressed the crowd. Question: When was the Yerevan demonstration? Answer: October 17, 1987 Question: How many people demonstrated? Answer: about 3,000 Question: What was the demonstrators' nationality? Answer: Armenians Question: The protesters were unhappy with the pollution in what body of water? Answer: Lake Sevan Question: Where did the protest march start? Answer: Opera Plaza
Context: In 1909–10, football faced a crisis resulting from the failure of the previous reforms of 1905–06 to solve the problem of serious injuries. There was a mood of alarm and mistrust, and, while the crisis was developing, the presidents of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton developed a project to reform the sport and forestall possible radical changes forced by government upon the sport. President Arthur Hadley of Yale, A. Lawrence Lowell of Harvard, and Woodrow Wilson of Princeton worked to develop moderate changes to reduce injuries. Their attempts, however, were reduced by rebellion against the rules committee and formation of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association. The big three had tried to operate independently of the majority, but changes did reduce injuries. Question: Who attempted to enact measures of football reform? Answer: the presidents of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton Question: What did the rebellion to the new football measures start? Answer: Intercollegiate Athletic Association Question: Who was president of Yale during the rebellion? Answer: Arthur Hadley Question: Who represented Harvard during the rule changing debates? Answer: A. Lawrence Lowell Question: Who represented Princeton during the rule changing discussions? Answer: Woodrow Wilson Question: Who attempted to enact measures of soccer reform? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the rebellion to the old football measures start? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was vice president of Yale during the rebellion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who represented Harvard after the rule changing debates? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who represented Princeton before the rule changing discussions? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (/ˈʃwɔːrtsənˌɛɡər/; German: [ˈaɐ̯nɔlt ˈalɔʏs ˈʃvaɐ̯tsn̩ˌɛɡɐ]; born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian-American actor, filmmaker, businessman, investor, author, philanthropist, activist, former professional bodybuilder and politician. He served two terms as the 38th Governor of California from 2003 until 2011. Question: What's Arnold Schwarzenegger's birth date? Answer: July 30, 1947 Question: What's Arnold Schwarzenegger's middle name? Answer: Alois Question: How many terms did Schwarzenegger serve as California's governor? Answer: two
Context: The 50th anniversary of his death was celebrated on 3 June 2013 by Pope Francis, who visited his tomb and prayed there, then addressing the gathered crowd and spoke about the late pope. The people that gathered there at the tomb were from Bergamo, the province where the late pope came from. A month later, on 5 July 2013, Francis approved Pope John XXIII for canonization, along with Pope John Paul II without the traditional second miracle required. Instead, Francis based this decision on John XXIII's merits for the Second Vatican Council. On Sunday, 27 April 2014, John XXIII and Pope John Paul II were declared saints on Divine Mercy Sunday. Question: When was the 50th anniversary of his death? Answer: 3 June 2013 Question: Who celebrated his 50th anniversary? Answer: Pope Francis Question: Where were the people gathered at his tomb from? Answer: Bergamo Question: When did Francis approve John XXIII for canonization? Answer: 5 July 2013 Question: On what date was John XXIII and Pope John Paul II declared saints? Answer: Sunday, 27 April 2014 Question: When was the 50th anniversary of Pope Francis's death? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is Pope Francis originally from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was approved by Pope John Paul II on July 5, 2013 for Pope Francis? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Pope John Paul II base his decision to canonize John XXIII on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were Pope Francis and Bergamo declared as on Sunday April 27, 2014? Answer: Unanswerable

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