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Context: On average, the mountains of the western states receive the highest levels of snowfall on Earth. The greatest annual snowfall level is at Mount Rainier in Washington, at 692 inches (1,758 cm); the record there was 1,122 inches (2,850 cm) in the winter of 1971–72. This record was broken by the Mt. Baker Ski Area in northwestern Washington which reported 1,140 inches (2,896 cm) of snowfall for the 1998-99 snowfall season. Other places with significant snowfall outside the Cascade Range are the Wasatch Mountains, near the Great Salt Lake, the San Juan Mountains in Colorado, and the Sierra Nevada, near Lake Tahoe. Question: Which mountainous region receives the highest snowfall on Earth? Answer: mountains of the western states Question: Which mountain in Washington receives the most amount of snowfall? Answer: Mount Rainier Question: What is the record amount of snowfall at Mount Rainer? Answer: 1,122 inches Question: In what year did Mount Rainer receive a record amount of snowfall? Answer: 1998-99 Question: The Sierra Nevadas are located near which lake? Answer: Lake Tahoe Question: On average the mountains of the Western states receive the lowest levels of what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The lowest annual snowfall level is on what mountain? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Mount Baker had the highest recorded snowfall and how many inches? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Mount Baker receive the highest recorded snowfall? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Other places significant snowfall in the cascade Range or what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Since 1898, Puerto Rico has had limited representation in the Congress in the form of a Resident Commissioner, a nonvoting delegate. The 110th Congress returned the Commissioner's power to vote in the Committee of the Whole, but not on matters where the vote would represent a decisive participation. Puerto Rico has elections on the United States presidential primary or caucus of the Democratic Party and the Republican Party to select delegates to the respective parties' national conventions although presidential electors are not granted on the Electoral College. As American citizens, Puerto Ricans can vote in U.S. presidential elections, provided they reside in one of the 50 states or the District of Columbia and not in Puerto Rico itself. Question: How long has Puerto Rico had representation in Congress? Answer: Since 1898 Question: Who represents Puerto Rico in Congress? Answer: a Resident Commissioner Question: Which Congress gave the commissioner the power to vote? Answer: The 110th Congress Question: What is the commissioner not allowed to vote on? Answer: on matters where the vote would represent a decisive participation Question: How long has Puerto Rico had Commissioner representation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who represents the Democratic Party in Congress? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which Congress gave the democrats the power to vote? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are democrats not allowed to vote on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who has elections on the Electoral College? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Many religions are practised in Myanmar. Religious edifices and orders have been in existence for many years. Festivals can be held on a grand scale. The Christian and Muslim populations do, however, face religious persecution and it is hard, if not impossible, for non-Buddhists to join the army or get government jobs, the main route to success in the country. Such persecution and targeting of civilians is particularly notable in Eastern Myanmar, where over 3000 villages have been destroyed in the past ten years. More than 200,000 Muslims have fled to Bangladesh over the last 20 years to escape Islamophobic persecution. Question: Does Burma have more than one religion ? Answer: Many religions are practised in Myanmar Question: Are public displays allowed for the celebration of religion in Myanmar ? Answer: Festivals can be held on a grand scale. Question: Are all welcomed to practice faith openly in Burma Answer: Christian and Muslim populations do, however, face religious persecution Question: Can anyone in Burma Join the military forces in Burma ? Answer: it is hard, if not impossible, for non-Buddhists to join the army Question: What are the best routes for career achievement in Burma ? Answer: join the army or get government jobs, the main route to success in the country.
Context: Institutes of technology in Venezuela were developed in the 1950s as an option for post-secondary education in technical and scientific courses, after the polytechnic French concepts. At that time, technical education was considered essential for the development of a sound middle class economy. Question: What type of economy was technical education in Venezuela intended to support? Answer: middle class Question: When did Venezuela begin to create institutes of technology? Answer: 1950s
Context: United States President Barack Obama and key advisers introduced a series of regulatory proposals in June 2009. The proposals address consumer protection, executive pay, bank financial cushions or capital requirements, expanded regulation of the shadow banking system and derivatives, and enhanced authority for the Federal Reserve to safely wind-down systemically important institutions, among others. In January 2010, Obama proposed additional regulations limiting the ability of banks to engage in proprietary trading. The proposals were dubbed "The Volcker Rule", in recognition of Paul Volcker, who has publicly argued for the proposed changes. Question: What was introduced by President Barack Obama in June 2009? Answer: a series of regulatory proposals Question: What was one of the items important to consumers that was addressed by the new regulatory proposals introduced in June 2009? Answer: consumer protection Question: Regulations were proposed by Obama in January 2010 to limit the ability of banks to engage in which type trading? Answer: proprietary Question: Who were proposed new regulations called "The Volcker Rule" named after? Answer: Paul Volcker Question: Who publicly argued for changes limiting the ability of banks to engage in proprietary trading? Answer: Paul Volcker
Context: Soteriologically, most Methodists are Arminian, emphasizing that Christ accomplished salvation for every human being, and that humans must exercise an act of the will to receive it (as opposed to the traditional Calvinist doctrine of monergism). Methodism is traditionally low church in liturgy, although this varies greatly between individual congregations; the Wesleys themselves greatly valued the Anglican liturgy and tradition. Methodism is known for its rich musical tradition; John Wesley's brother, Charles, was instrumental in writing much of the hymnody of the Methodist Church, and many other eminent hymn writers come from the Methodist tradition. Question: Methodists believe that Christ achieved salvation for whom? Answer: every human being Question: What do Methodists believe that one must do to receive Christ's salvation? Answer: exercise an act of the will Question: What is Methodism known for, as far as music goes? Answer: its rich musical tradition Question: Who wrote most of the Methodist hymns? Answer: John Wesley's brother, Charles Question: What Calvinist doctrine is focuses on salvation? Answer: monergism
Context: Modern philosophical materialists extend the definition of other scientifically observable entities such as energy, forces, and the curvature of space. However philosophers such as Mary Midgley suggest that the concept of "matter" is elusive and poorly defined. Question: Why does Mary Midgley suggest matter is well defined? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What job does Mary Midgley hold? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is not an observable entity? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Hidalgo was turned over to the Bishop of Durango, Francisco Gabriel de Olivares, for an official defrocking and excommunication on July 27, 1811. He was then found guilty of treason by a military court and executed by firing squad on July 30 at 7 in the morning. Before his execution, he thanked his jailers, Private Soldiers Ortega and Melchor, in letters for their humane treatment. At his execution, Hidalgo placed his right hand over his heart to show the riflemen where they should aim. He also refused the use of a blindfold. His body, along with the bodies of Allende, Aldama and José Mariano Jiménez were decapitated, and the heads were put on display on the four corners of the Alhóndiga de Granaditas in Guanajuato. The heads remained there for ten years until the end of the Mexican War of Independence to serve as a warning to other insurgents. Hidalgo's headless body was first displayed outside the prison but then buried in the Church of St Francis in Chihuahua. Those remains would later be transferred in 1824 to Mexico City. Question: Hidalgo was turned over by whom? Answer: Bishop of Durango, Francisco Gabriel de Olivares Question: In which year was Hidalgo turned over? Answer: 1811 Question: How was Hidalgo executed after having been found guilty? Answer: firing squad Question: Hidalgo refused the use of what during his execution? Answer: blindfold Question: In which state was Hidalgo's headless body buried? Answer: Chihuahua
Context: Clothing protects against many things that might injure the uncovered human body. Clothes protect people from the elements, including rain, snow, wind, and other weather, as well as from the sun. However, clothing that is too sheer, thin, small, tight, etc., offers less protection. Clothes also reduce risk during activities such as work or sport. Some clothing protects from specific environmental hazards, such as insects, noxious chemicals, weather, weapons, and contact with abrasive substances. Conversely, clothing may protect the environment from the clothing wearer, as with doctors wearing medical scrubs. Question: What does clothing protect from things which may injure it? Answer: the uncovered human body Question: Rain, snow, and wind are what class of things clothing protects the wearer from? Answer: elements Question: Clothing that is too sheer will offer less what? Answer: protection Question: What type of hazard is noxious chemicals? Answer: environmental Question: What type of clothing do doctors wear to protect their surroundings? Answer: medical scrubs Question: Clothing does not protect the wearer from what elements? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Clothing that is sheer will offer more what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Noxious chemicals are not what kind of hazard? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do doctors were to protect themselves from their surroundings? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In late December, Barcelona's appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport was unsuccessful and the original transfer ban was reinstated, leaving the club unable to utilise the 2015 winter and summer transfer windows. On 5 January 2015, Zubizareta was sacked by the board after 4 years as director of football. The next month, Barcelona announced the formation of a new Football Area Technical Commission, made up of vice-president Jordi Mestre, board member Javier Bordas, Carles Rexach and Ariedo Braida. Question: To whom did Barcelona appeal to lift the transfer bad? Answer: Court of Arbitration for Sport Question: During what year was Barcelona not allowed to use their transfer windows? Answer: 2015 Question: When was Zubizareta fired by the board? Answer: 5 January 2015 Question: What position did Zubizareta have? Answer: director of football Question: After firing the director, what did Barcelona form? Answer: Football Area Technical Commission
Context: One of the main driving forces in the growth of the University was its football team, the Notre Dame Fighting Irish. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918. Under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three national championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp and the "Four Horsemen". Knute Rockne has the highest winning percentage (.881) in NCAA Division I/FBS football history. Rockne's offenses employed the Notre Dame Box and his defenses ran a 7–2–2 scheme. The last game Rockne coached was on December 14, 1930 when he led a group of Notre Dame all-stars against the New York Giants in New York City. Question: The Notre Dame football team got a new head coach in 1918, who was it? Answer: Knute Rockne Question: What was the amount of wins Knute Rockne attained at Notre Dame while head coach? Answer: 105 Question: How many years was Knute Rockne head coach at Notre Dame? Answer: 13 Question: How many national titles were won when Knute Rockne coached at Notre Dame? Answer: three Question: In what year did the team lead by Knute Rockne win the Rose Bowl? Answer: 1925
Context: Everton were relegated to the Second Division two years later during internal turmoil at the club. However, the club was promoted at the first attempt scoring a record number of goals in the second division. On return to the top flight in 1931–32, Everton wasted no time in reaffirming their status and won a fourth League title at the first opportunity. Everton also won their second FA Cup in 1933 with a 3–0 win against Manchester City in the final. The era ended in 1938–39 with a fifth League title. Question: In what season did Everton win their fourth League title? Answer: 1931–32 Question: In what year did Everton win their second FA Cup? Answer: 1933 Question: What was the score in the final game that Everton won its second FA Cup in 1993 against Manchester City? Answer: 3–0 Question: In what season did Everton win its fifth League title? Answer: 1938–39 Question: What was the record number of goals Everton had that promoted the team? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the score of the final game that resulted in Everton winning its fourth league title? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Manchester City win its first league title? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the score of the final game that resulted in Everton winning its fifth league title? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Manchester City first compete? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The modern period of the kingdom of Galicia began with the murder or defeat of some of the most powerful Galician lords, such as Pedro Álvarez de Sotomayor, called Pedro Madruga, and Rodrigo Henriquez Osorio, at the hands of the Castilian armies sent to Galicia between the years 1480 and 1486. Isabella I of Castile, considered a usurper by many Galician nobles, eradicated all armed resistance and definitively established the royal power of the Castilian monarchy. Fearing a general revolt, the monarchs ordered the banishing of the rest of the great lords like Pedro de Bolaño, Diego de Andrade or Lope Sánchez de Moscoso, among others. Question: Castillan armies invaded Galicia between which years? Answer: 1480 and 1486 Question: Which powerful Galician lords did they murder? Answer: Pedro Madruga, and Rodrigo Henriquez Osorio Question: Which Castillan ruler then consolidated control over Galicia? Answer: Isabella I
Context: Zhejiang was part of the Wu during the Three Kingdoms. Wu (229–280), commonly known as Eastern Wu or Sun Wu, had been the economically most developed state among the Three Kingdoms (220–280 CE). The historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms records that Zhejiang had the best-equipped, strong navy force. The story depicts how the states of Wei (魏) and Shu (蜀), lack of material resources, avoided direct confrontation with the Wu. In armed military conflicts with Wu, the two states relied intensively on tactics of camouflage and deception to steal Wu's military resources including arrows and bows. Question: When was Zhejiang part of the Wu? Answer: during the Three Kingdoms Question: What is another name for Wu or Eastern Wu? Answer: Sun Wu Question: What was the most developed state among the Three Kingdoms? Answer: Wu Question: Which historical novel records that Zhejiang had the best-equipped, strong navy force? Answer: Romance of the Three Kingdoms Question: Along with Wei, which state avoided direct conflict with Wu? Answer: Shu Question: When was Zhejiang part of the Lu? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another name for Western Wu? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the least developed state among the Three Kingdoms? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which historical novel records that Zhejiang had the worst-equipped, weak navy force? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Along with Wei, which state did not avoid direct conflict with Wu? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Tibet (i/tᵻˈbɛt/; Wylie: Bod, pronounced [pʰø̀ʔ]; Chinese: 西藏; pinyin: Xīzàng) is a region on the Tibetan Plateau in Asia. It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpa, Qiang and Lhoba peoples and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han Chinese and Hui people. Tibet is the highest region on Earth, with an average elevation of 4,900 metres (16,000 ft). The highest elevation in Tibet is Mount Everest, earth's highest mountain rising 8,848 m (29,029 ft) above sea level. Question: What is the highest elevation in Tibet? Answer: Mount Everest Question: Which continent contains Tibet? Answer: Asia Question: What is the average elevation of Tibet, in feet? Answer: 16,000 Question: How many feet above sea level does earth's highest mountain rise? Answer: 29,029 Question: Where is the traditional homeland of Monpa, Qiang, and Lhoba peoples? Answer: Tibet Question: Where is the Asian Plateau? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What ethnic groups live on Mount Everest? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has an average elevation of 4,900 feet? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What rises 8,848 ft above sea level? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is he Xizang term for Tibet? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Jean-Jacques Rousseau was the first of many to present the Alps as a place of allure and beauty, banishing the prevalent conception of the mountains as a hellish wasteland inhabited by demons. Rousseau's conception of alpine purity was later emphasized with the publication of Albrecht von Haller's poem Die Alpen that described the mountains as an area of mythical purity. Late in the 18th century the first wave of Romantics such as Goethe and Turner came to admire the scenery; Wordsworth visited the area in 1790, writing of his experiences in The Prelude. Schiller later wrote the play William Tell romanticising Swiss independence. After the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the Alpine countries began to see an influx of poets, artists, and musicians, as visitors came to experience the sublime effects of monumental nature. Question: Who was the first of many to present the Alps as a place of allure and beauty? Answer: Jean-Jacques Rousseau Question: Who wrote the poem Die Alpen? Answer: Albrecht von Haller Question: When did the Alpine countries see an influx of poets, artists, and musicians? Answer: After the end of the Napoleonic Wars Question: What did the visitors come to experience in the Alpine countries? Answer: the sublime effects of monumental nature
Context: In the UK, the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway pioneered overhead electrification of its suburban lines in London, London Bridge to Victoria being opened to traffic on 1 December 1909. Victoria to Crystal Palace via Balham and West Norwood opened in May 1911. Peckham Rye to West Norwood opened in June 1912. Further extensions were not made owing to the First World War. Two lines opened in 1925 under the Southern Railway serving Coulsdon North and Sutton railway station. The lines were electrified at 6.7 kV 25 Hz. It was announced in 1926 that all lines were to be converted to DC third rail and the last overhead electric service ran in September 1929. Question: When was overhead wires system being used for the first time in UK? Answer: 1 December 1909 Question: What line used the overhead wire system first Victoria to Crystal Palace or Peckham Rye to West Noorwood? Answer: Victoria to Crystal Palace Question: What was the cause of lines not being extended? Answer: the First World War Question: What voltage was used in the two lines opened in 1925 of Southern Railway? Answer: 6.7 kV 25 Hz Question: When did the UK pioneer overhead electrification of its urban lines? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Peckham Rye to Victoria opened when? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Because of the Second World War, what was not completed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Three lines under the Southern Railway opened in what year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: All lines were converted to DC fourth rail in what year? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: After the incorporation of these states to the United States in the first half of the 19th century, the Spanish language was later reinforced in the country by the acquisition of Puerto Rico in 1898. Later waves of emigration from Mexico, Cuba, El Salvador and elsewhere in Hispanic America to the United States beginning in the second half of the 19th century to the present-day have strengthened the role of the Spanish language in the country. Today, Hispanics are one of the fastest growing demographics in the United States, thus increasing the use and importance of American Spanish in the United States. Question: Which century did the US incorporate Spanish? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which acquisition reinforced the Spanish language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did Puerto Rico become a state? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which countries came in major emigrations to the US? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What grows in the US as the Spanish population increases? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was incorporated to the united states in the first half of the 18th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the aquisition of Spain? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one of the fastest growing demographics in Spain? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What strengthened the role of the English language in the the country? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who increases the use and importance of American English in the United States? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Each trace consists of a flat, narrow part of the copper foil that remains after etching. The resistance, determined by width and thickness, of the traces must be sufficiently low for the current the conductor will carry. Power and ground traces may need to be wider than signal traces. In a multi-layer board one entire layer may be mostly solid copper to act as a ground plane for shielding and power return. For microwave circuits, transmission lines can be laid out in the form of stripline and microstrip with carefully controlled dimensions to assure a consistent impedance. In radio-frequency and fast switching circuits the inductance and capacitance of the printed circuit board conductors become significant circuit elements, usually undesired; but they can be used as a deliberate part of the circuit design, obviating the need for additional discrete components. Question: What process is a trace left over from? Answer: etching Question: Along with thickness, what determines the resistance of a trace? Answer: width Question: What type of trace is often narrower than a ground trace? Answer: signal Question: In a multi-layer board, what metal would a ground plane be mostly made out of? Answer: copper Question: What type of circuits use a stripline and microstrip format? Answer: microwave circuits Question: What consists of a wide, curved part of copper foil? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What needs to be narrower than signal traces? Answer: Unanswerable Question: For microwave boards, transmission can be laid out how? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does not remain after etching? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: By 1954, Olympic Games apparatus and events for both men and women had been standardized in modern format, and uniform grading structures (including a point system from 1 to 15) had been agreed upon. At this time, Soviet gymnasts astounded the world with highly disciplined and difficult performances, setting a precedent that continues. The new medium of television has helped publicize and initiate a modern age of gymnastics. Both men's and women's gymnastics now attract considerable international interest, and excellent gymnasts can be found on every continent. Nadia Comăneci received the first perfect score, at the 1976 Summer Olympics held in Montreal, Canada. She was coached in Romania by coach, (Hungarian ethnicity), Béla Károlyi. Comaneci scored four of her perfect tens on the uneven bars, two on the balance beam and one in the floor exercise. Even with Nadia's perfect scores, the Romanians lost the gold medal to the Soviet Union. Nevertheless, Comaneci became an Olympic icon. Question: What year was the Olympic Games apparatus and events standardized? Answer: 1954 Question: What is the grading structure? Answer: a point system from 1 to 15 Question: Who set the first precedent that continues this day? Answer: Soviet gymnasts Question: Who recieved the first perfect score? Answer: Nadia Comăneci Question: What year and where was the first perfect score given? Answer: 1976 Summer Olympics held in Montreal, Canada Question: When did men and women start wearing matching uniforms? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wanted the Olympic games to be held every year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What medium gave gymnasts a bad reputation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who received a perfect score at the 1980 Olympics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the first gymnastics judge? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Eisenhower's main goals in office were to keep pressure on the Soviet Union and reduce federal deficits. In the first year of his presidency, he threatened the use of nuclear weapons in an effort to conclude the Korean War; his New Look policy of nuclear deterrence prioritized inexpensive nuclear weapons while reducing funding for conventional military forces. He ordered coups in Iran and Guatemala. Eisenhower refused to give major aid to help France in Vietnam. He gave strong financial support to the new nation of South Vietnam. Congress agreed to his request in 1955 for the Formosa Resolution, which obliged the U.S. to militarily support the pro-Western Republic of China in Taiwan and continue the isolation of the People's Republic of China. Question: Along with reducing the federal deficit, what was Eisenhower's main policy priority as president? Answer: keep pressure on the Soviet Union Question: What did Eisenhower threaten to use to end the Korean War? Answer: nuclear weapons Question: Along with Guatemala, what country's government did Eisenhower order overthrown? Answer: Iran Question: What country did Eisenhower neglect to assist in their military action in Vietnam? Answer: France Question: In what year was the Formosa Resolution passed? Answer: 1955
Context: From the 1950s on, the students were also used for unpaid work at schools, where they cleaned and performed repairs. This practice has continued in the Russian Federation, where up to 21 days of the summer holidays is sometimes set aside for school works. By law, this is only allowed as part of specialized occupational training and with the students' and parents' permission, but those provisions are widely ignored. In 2012 there was an accident near city of Nalchik where a car killed several pupils cleaning up a highway shoulder during their "holiday work" as well as their teacher who was supervising them. Question: When were students used as workers? Answer: 1950s Question: For Russian student workers how many summer days were devoted to work? Answer: 21 days Question: Did they need parental consent? Answer: this is only allowed as part of specialized occupational training and with the students' and parents' permission Question: What year were students killed as part of a road cleanup project? Answer: 2012
Context: La Diablada Carnival takes place in Oruro in central Bolivia. It is celebrated in honor of the miners' patron saint, Vírgen de Socavon (the Virgin of the Tunnels). Over 50 parade groups dance, sing and play music over a five kilometre-long course. Participants dress up as demons, devils, angels, Incas and Spanish conquistadors. Dances include caporales and tinkus. The parade runs from morning until late at night, 18 hours a day, 3 days before Ash Wednesday. It was declared the 2001 "Masterpieces of Oral Heritage and Intangible Heritage of Humanity" for UNESCO. Throughout the country celebrations are held involving traditional rhythms and water parties. In Santa Cruz de la Sierra, on the east side of the country, tropical weather allows a Brazilian-type Carnival, with Comparsas dancing traditional songs in matching uniforms. Question: Which Carnival takes place in Oruro in Bolivia? Answer: La Diablada Question: Who is the miners' patron saint? Answer: Vírgen de Socavon Question: Over how many parade groups participate in the festivities? Answer: 50 Question: How many hours a day does the parade run? Answer: 18 Question: What does the tropical weather on the east side of Bolivia allow? Answer: a Brazilian-type Carnival
Context: The earliest known human activity on the island dates to around the 10th millennium BC. Archaeological remains from this period include the well-preserved Neolithic village of Khirokitia, and Cyprus is home to some of the oldest water wells in the world. Cyprus was settled by Mycenaean Greeks in two waves in the 2nd millennium BC. As a strategic location in the Middle East, it was subsequently occupied by several major powers, including the empires of the Assyrians, Egyptians and Persians, from whom the island was seized in 333 BC by Alexander the Great. Subsequent rule by Ptolemaic Egypt, the Classical and Eastern Roman Empire, Arab caliphates for a short period, the French Lusignan dynasty and the Venetians, was followed by over three centuries of Ottoman rule between 1571 and 1878 (de jure until 1914). Question: What is the date of the earliest known human activity on Cyprus? Answer: 10th millennium BC Question: What is Cyprus home to of? Answer: the oldest water wells in the world Question: Who was Cyprus settled by in 2nd millennium BC? Answer: Mycenaean Greeks Question: What empires have occupied Cyprus? Answer: empires of the Assyrians, Egyptians and Persians Question: When did Ottoman rule occur in Cyprus? Answer: between 1571 and 1878
Context: The route carried the torch through six continents from March 2008 to May 2008 to August 2008. The planned route originally included a stop in Taipei between Ho Chi Minh City and Hong Kong, but there was disagreement in Beijing and Taipei over language used to describe whether it was an international or a domestic part of the route. While the Olympic committees of China and Chinese Taipei reached initial consensus on the approach, the government of the Republic of China in Taiwan intervened, stating that this placement could be interpreted as placing Taiwan on the same level as Hong Kong and Macau, an implication it objected to. The Beijing Organizing Committee attempted to continue negotiation, but further disputes arose over the flag or the anthem of the Republic of China along the 24 km torch route in Taiwan. By the midnight deadline for concluding the negotiation on September 21, 2007, Taiwan and China were unable to come to terms with the issue of the Torch Relay. In the end, both sides of the Taiwan Strait decided to eliminate the Taipei leg. Question: How many continents did the torch visit? Answer: six Question: What was the stop that was to happen between Ho Chi Minh City and Hong Kong? Answer: Taipei Question: The Republic of China felt that the wrong decision could place Taiwan on the same level as what two areas? Answer: Hong Kong and Macau Question: The torch route covered six what? Answer: continents Question: What government disagreed on the language used to describe the torch route? Answer: Taiwan. Question: What two places did Taiwan not want to be considered equal with in the language of the torch's route description? Answer: Hong Kong and Macau Question: How many kilometers was the torch supposed to go through Taiwan? Answer: 24
Context: Healthcare is funded by the government, undertaken by one resident doctor from South Africa and five nurses. Surgery or facilities for complex childbirth are therefore limited, and emergencies can necessitate communicating with passing fishing vessels so the injured person can be ferried to Cape Town. As of late 2007, IBM and Beacon Equity Partners, co-operating with Medweb, the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and the island's government on "Project Tristan", has supplied the island's doctor with access to long distance tele-medical help, making it possible to send EKG and X-ray pictures to doctors in other countries for instant consultation. This system has been limited owing to the poor reliability of Internet connections and an absence of qualified technicians on the island to service fibre optic links between the hospital and Internet centre at the administration buildings. Question: What is the government funded by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: From where are the five resident nurses from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: From where are the five doctors on the island from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What makes it impossible to send EKG pictures to other countries? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How has the system for long distance medical help remained unlimited? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Interracial relations between Indigenous Americans and African Americans is a part of American history that has been neglected. The earliest record of African and Indigenous American relations in the Americas occurred in April 1502, when the first Africans kidnapped were brought to Hispaniola to serve as slaves. Some escaped, and somewhere inland on Santo Domingo, the first Black Indians were born. In addition, an example of African slaves' escaping from European colonists and being absorbed by Indigenous Americans occurred as far back as 1526. In June of that year, Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon established a Spanish colony near the mouth of the Pee Dee River in what is now eastern South Carolina. The Spanish settlement was named San Miguel de Gualdape. Amongst the settlement were 100 enslaved Africans. In 1526, the first African slaves fled the colony and took refuge with local Indigenous Americans. Question: What is considered to be neglected in American history? Answer: Interracial relations between Indigenous Americans and African Americans Question: When is it recorded that Africans and natives interacted earliest? Answer: April 1502 Question: Where did Africans escape and mate with naitves? Answer: Santo Domingo Question: Where did Ayllon lay down a Spanish colony? Answer: near the mouth of the Pee Dee River Question: How many slaves were at San Miguel de Gualdape at its inception? Answer: 100 enslaved Africans Question: What is a part of American history that has been paid a lot of attention? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the latest record of African and Indigenous American relations in the Americas? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where were the last Black Indians born? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the latest year that African slaves were absorbed into Indigenous Americans? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many free Africans lived in San Miguel de Gualdape? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: While it is possible to write computer programs as long lists of numbers (machine language) and while this technique was used with many early computers, it is extremely tedious and potentially error-prone to do so in practice, especially for complicated programs. Instead, each basic instruction can be given a short name that is indicative of its function and easy to remember – a mnemonic such as ADD, SUB, MULT or JUMP. These mnemonics are collectively known as a computer's assembly language. Converting programs written in assembly language into something the computer can actually understand (machine language) is usually done by a computer program called an assembler. Question: A computer's assembly language is known as what? Answer: basic instruction can be given a short name that is indicative of its function Question: Programs that convert assembly language into machine language are called what? Answer: an assembler. Question: Computer programs that are long lists of numbers are called what? Answer: machine language
Context: Incandescent bulbs are much less efficient than most other types of electric lighting; incandescent bulbs convert less than 5% of the energy they use into visible light, with standard light bulbs averaging about 2.2%. The remaining energy is converted into heat. The luminous efficacy of a typical incandescent bulb is 16 lumens per watt, compared with 60 lm/W for a compact fluorescent bulb or 150 lm/W for some white LED lamps. Some applications of the incandescent bulb deliberately use the heat generated by the filament. Such applications include incubators, brooding boxes for poultry, heat lights for reptile tanks, infrared heating for industrial heating and drying processes, lava lamps, and the Easy-Bake Oven toy. Incandescent bulbs typically have short lifetimes compared with other types of lighting; around 1,000 hours for home light bulbs versus typically 10,000 hours for compact fluorescents and 30,000 hours for lighting LEDs. Question: Are incandescent bulbs more or less efficient than most electric lighting? Answer: less efficient Question: What percentage of energy does a standard light bulb actually convert to visible light? Answer: 2.2% Question: Which is more efficient: compact fluorescent or LED lights? Answer: LED Question: How long does a typical incandescent light bulb last? Answer: 1,000 hours Question: What happens to the energy that an incandescent bulb does not convert into light? Answer: The remaining energy is converted into heat. Question: What are more efficient than most other types of electric lighting? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of energy is not actually converted to visible light in a standard light bulb? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of energy is not actually converted to visible light in an incadescent light bulb? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of bulb typically has a long life span? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does not happen to the energy that an incandescent bulb does not covert into light? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Many Muslims criticized the Umayyads for having too many non-Muslim, former Roman administrators in their government. St John of Damascus was also a high administrator in the Umayyad administration. As the Muslims took over cities, they left the peoples political representatives and the Roman tax collectors and the administrators. The taxes to the central government were calculated and negotiated by the peoples political representatives. The Central government got paid for the services it provided and the local government got the money for the services it provided. Many Christian cities also used some of the taxes on maintain their churches and run their own organizations. Later the Umayyads were criticized by some Muslims for not reducing the taxes of the people who converted to Islam. These new converts continues to pay the same taxes that were previously negotiated. Question: What Christian saint was also an Umayyad administrator? Answer: John of Damascus Question: What tax collectors did the Umayyads often leave in place after they conquered regions? Answer: Roman Question: In addition to criticism received for employing non-Muslims, for what notable reason did some Muslims criticize the Umayyads? Answer: not reducing the taxes of the people who converted to Islam Question: What did many Muslims praise the Umayyads for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who removed the people's political representatives as they took over? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the Central government not paid for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did many Muslim cities use some of their taxes for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who reduced the taxes of the people who converted to Islam? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The latest study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to humans and dogs together proved that dogs have same response to voices and use the same parts of the brain as humans to do so. This gives dogs the ability to recognize emotional human sounds, making them friendly social pets to humans. Question: What type of imaging was used to study the relationship between humans and dogs? Answer: magnetic resonance imaging Question: An MRI study on dogs proved that dogs have the same response as humans to what? Answer: voices Question: An MRI study on dogs proved that dogs use the same parts of what as humans? Answer: the brain Question: Because dogs respond to voices the same way humans do, they are able to recognize what in human sounds, making them social? Answer: emotion Question: What technology was used to show that dogs respond to voices in the same brain parts as people? Answer: MRI Question: Dogs have the ability to recognize what type of human sounds? Answer: emotional
Context: For users and small businesses, traditional options include copper wires to provide dial-up, DSL, typically asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), cable modem or Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) (typically basic rate interface). Using fiber-optics to end users is called Fiber To The Home or similar names. Question: what traditional options were available for users and small businesses? Answer: copper wires to provide dial-up, DSL, typically asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), cable modem or Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) (typically basic rate interface) Question: what is it called when fiber-optics are used for end users? Answer: Fiber To The Home Question: who is served by dial-up, dsl, adsl, cable modems, or isdns? Answer: users and small businesses Question: What options were available to large businesses? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is using fiber optics to providers called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What modern options are available to users and small businesses? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Measurement of light or photometry is generally concerned with the amount of useful light falling on a surface and the amount of light emerging from a lamp or other source, along with the colors that can be rendered by this light. The human eye responds differently to light from different parts of the visible spectrum, therefore photometric measurements must take the luminosity function into account when measuring the amount of useful light. The basic SI unit of measurement is the candela (cd), which describes the luminous intensity, all other photometric units are derived from the candela. Luminance for instance is a measure of the density of luminous intensity in a given direction. It describes the amount of light that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle. The SI unit for luminance is candela per square metre (cd/m2). The CGS unit of luminance is the stilb, which is equal to one candela per square centimetre or 10 kcd/m2. The amount of useful light emitted from a source or the luminous flux is measured in lumen (lm). Question: What is the basic SI unit of measurement? Answer: candela (cd) Question: What is the SI unit for lumiance? Answer: cd/m2 Question: What is the CGS unit of lumiance? Answer: stilb Question: What is the amount of useful light emitted from a luminous flux measured in? Answer: lumen (lm)
Context: The army's major campaign against the Indians was fought in Florida against Seminoles. It took long wars (1818–58) to finally defeat the Seminoles and move them to Oklahoma. The usual strategy in Indian wars was to seize control of the Indians winter food supply, but that was no use in Florida where there was no winter. The second strategy was to form alliances with other Indian tribes, but that too was useless because the Seminoles had destroyed all the other Indians when they entered Florida in the late eighteenth century. Question: What Indian tribe was the Army's major campaign against? Answer: Seminoles Question: During what years did the wars between the Army and the Seminoles take place? Answer: 1818–58 Question: What state were the Seminoles moved to? Answer: Oklahoma Question: What did the Army traditionally take control of to defeat the Indians? Answer: winter food supply Question: During what century did the Seminoles enter Florida? Answer: eighteenth Question: What American tribe was the Army's major campaign against? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During what years did the wars between the Army and British take place? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What state did the Pilgrims move to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Navy traditionally take control of to defeat the Indians? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During what century did the Seminoles enter Texas? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Tuvaluans are well known for their seafaring skills, with the Tuvalu Maritime Training Institute on Amatuku motu (island), Funafuti, providing training to approximately 120 marine cadets each year so that they have the skills necessary for employment as seafarers on merchant shipping. The Tuvalu Overseas Seamen's Union (TOSU) is the only registered trade union in Tuvalu. It represents workers on foreign ships. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) estimates that 800 Tuvaluan men are trained, certified and active as seafarers. The ADB estimates that, at any one time, about 15% of the adult male population works abroad as seafarers. Job opportunities also exist as observers on tuna boats where the role is to monitor compliance with the boat's tuna fishing licence. Question: What school provides maritime education on Tuvalu? Answer: Tuvalu Maritime Training Institute Question: What is the yearly number of cadets at the Maritime Training Institute? Answer: 120 Question: What is the only trade union on Tuvalu? Answer: Tuvalu Overseas Seamen's Union Question: On what does the Seaman'd Union represent workers? Answer: on foreign ships Question: How many Tuvaluan men are active seafarers? Answer: 800
Context: North Carolina was hard hit by the Great Depression, but the New Deal programs of Franklin D. Roosevelt for cotton and tobacco significantly helped the farmers. After World War II, the state's economy grew rapidly, highlighted by the growth of such cities as Charlotte, Raleigh, and Durham in the Piedmont. Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill form the Research Triangle, a major area of universities and advanced scientific and technical research. In the 1990s, Charlotte became a major regional and national banking center. Tourism has also been a boon for the North Carolina economy as people flock to the Outer Banks coastal area and the Appalachian Mountains anchored by Asheville. Question: What programs created by FDR helped North Carolina during the Great Depression? Answer: New Deal programs Question: Who did the new deal programs benefit? Answer: farmers Question: What crops was the New Deal Program made for? Answer: cotton and tobacco Question: After what war did the states economy improve? Answer: World War II Question: In the 1990's what NC city became a national banking center? Answer: Charlotte
Context: LaserDisc did not have high market penetration in North America due to the high cost of the players and discs, which were far more expensive than VHS players and tapes, and due to marketplace confusion with the technologically inferior CED, which also went by the name Videodisc. While the format was not widely adopted by North American consumers, it was well received among videophiles due to the superior audio and video quality compared to VHS and Betamax tapes, finding a place in nearly one million American homes by the end of 1990. The format was more popular in Japan than in North America because prices were kept low to ensure adoption, resulting in minimal price differences between VHS tapes and the higher quality LaserDiscs, helping ensure that it quickly became the dominant consumer video format in Japan. Anime collectors in every country the LD format was released, which includes both North America and Japan, also quickly became familiar with this format, and sought the higher video and sound quality of LaserDisc and the availability of numerous titles not available on VHS. LaserDiscs were also popular alternatives to videocassettes among movie enthusiasts in the more affluent regions of South East Asia, such as Singapore, due to their high integration with the Japanese export market and the disc-based media's superior longevity compared to videocassette, especially in the humid conditions endemic to that area of the world. Question: Why didn't LaserDiscs become popular in North America? Answer: high cost of the players and discs Question: By 1990, how many American homes were estimated to use LD? Answer: nearly one million Question: Why were LaserDiscs more popular in Japan? Answer: prices were kept low to ensure adoption Question: Which format was more popular in high humidity areas such as Singapore? Answer: LaserDiscs
Context: West European scientists judge the Yugoslav language policy as an exemplary one: although three-quarters of the population spoke one language, no single language was official on a federal level. Official languages were declared only at the level of constituent republics and provinces, and very generously: Vojvodina had five (among them Slovak and Romanian, spoken by 0.5 per cent of the population), and Kosovo four (Albanian, Turkish, Romany and Serbo-Croatian). Newspapers, radio and television studios used sixteen languages, fourteen were used as languages of tuition in schools, and nine at universities. Only the Yugoslav Army used Serbo-Croatian as the sole language of command, with all other languages represented in the army’s other activities—however, this is not different from other armies of multilingual states, or in other specific institutions, such as international air traffic control where English is used worldwide. All variants of Serbo-Croatian were used in state administration and republican and federal institutions. Both Serbian and Croatian variants were represented in respectively different grammar books, dictionaries, school textbooks and in books known as pravopis (which detail spelling rules). Serbo-Croatian was a kind of soft standardisation. However, legal equality could not dampen the prestige Serbo-Croatian had: since it was the language of three quarters of the population, it functioned as an unofficial lingua franca. And within Serbo-Croatian, the Serbian variant, with twice as many speakers as the Croatian, enjoyed greater prestige, reinforced by the fact that Slovene and Macedonian speakers preferred it to the Croatian variant because their languages are also Ekavian. This is a common situation in other pluricentric languages, e.g. the variants of German differ according to their prestige, the variants of Portuguese too. Moreover, all languages differ in terms of prestige: "the fact is that languages (in terms of prestige, learnability etc.) are not equal, and the law cannot make them equal". Question: What is the term used for books that lay out spelling rules? Answer: pravopis Question: Which language was that of 3/4 of the population? Answer: Serbo-Croatian Question: Of the two Serbo-Croatian variants, which had twice as many speakers as the other? Answer: Serbian Question: How many languages do West European scientists use? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where were all variants of Albanian used? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the Yougoslav Army think of Yugoslav language policy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: At what level was Yougoslav language policy declared? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of the population in Turkey spoke Slovak and Romanian? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Most types of capacitor include a dielectric spacer, which increases their capacitance. These dielectrics are most often insulators. However, low capacitance devices are available with a vacuum between their plates, which allows extremely high voltage operation and low losses. Variable capacitors with their plates open to the atmosphere were commonly used in radio tuning circuits. Later designs use polymer foil dielectric between the moving and stationary plates, with no significant air space between them. Question: What do many capacitors contain that raises the capacitance? Answer: a dielectric spacer Question: What sort of dielectric is used in low capacitance devices? Answer: a vacuum Question: What sort of capacitors have traditionally been used in radio tuning circuits? Answer: Variable capacitors Question: How did the capacitor traditionally used in radio tuning circuits change over time? Answer: use polymer foil dielectric between the moving and stationary plates Question: What did the later designs of capacitors used in radio tuning circuits no longer have? Answer: no significant air space Question: What do many capacitors contain that lower the capacitance? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What sort of dielectric is never used in low capacitance devices? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What sort of capacitors have not traditionally been used in radio tuning circuits? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How did the capacitor traditionally used in radio tuning circuits stay the same over time? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the later designs of capacitors used in radio tuning circuits still have? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Old English is a West Germanic language, developing out of Ingvaeonic (also known as North Sea Germanic) dialects from the 5th century. It came to be spoken over most of the territory of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms which became the Kingdom of England. This included most of present-day England, as well as part of what is now southeastern Scotland, which for several centuries belonged to the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria. Other parts of the island – Wales and most of Scotland – continued to use Celtic languages, except in the areas of Scandinavian settlements where Old Norse was spoken. Celtic speech also remained established in certain parts of England: Medieval Cornish was spoken all over Cornwall and in adjacent parts of Devon, while Cumbric survived perhaps to the 12th century in parts of Cumbria, and Welsh may have been spoken on the English side of the Anglo-Welsh border. Norse was also widely spoken in the parts of England which fell under Danish law. Question: What language family does Old English belong to? Answer: West Germanic Question: What is another name for Ingvaeonic? Answer: North Sea Germanic Question: In what century did Old English first develop? Answer: 5th Question: What Anglo-Saxon kingdom ruled parts of modern-day Scotland? Answer: Northumbria Question: What language was spoken in Cornwall? Answer: Medieval Cornish Question: What Germanic dialects are from the 500's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northuumbria belong to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language survived in Cumbria until the 1200's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language replace Old English in Scandinavian settlements? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In their attempt to ensure white supremacy decades after emancipation, in the early 20th century, most southern states created laws based on the one-drop rule, defining as black, persons with any known African ancestry. This was a stricter interpretation than what had prevailed in the 19th century; it ignored the many mixed families in the state and went against commonly accepted social rules of judging a person by appearance and association. Some courts called it "the traceable amount rule." Anthropologists called it an example of a hypodescent rule, meaning that racially mixed persons were assigned the status of the socially subordinate group. Question: What is the one-drop rule? Answer: defining as black, persons with any known African ancestry Question: What did some courts call the one-drop rule? Answer: "the traceable amount rule." Question: What is a hypodesecnt rule? Answer: meaning that racially mixed persons were assigned the status of the socially subordinate group Question: When was the one-drop rule in effect? Answer: in the early 20th century Question: What is the one-drop rule? Answer: black, persons with any known African ancestry. Question: What is the hypodescent rule? Answer: racially mixed persons were assigned the status of the socially subordinate group. Question: Why were laws like the one drop rule enacted? Answer: In their attempt to ensure white supremacy decades after emancipation Question: What made the one drop rule stricter than rules in the 19th century? Answer: it ignored the many mixed families in the state and went against commonly accepted social rules of judging a person by appearance and association. Question: In the early 1900s, what was did black mean in southern states? Answer: persons with any known African ancestry Question: Prior to the 1900s, what was the socially accepted rule for racial interpretation? Answer: judging a person by appearance and association. Question: What rule means multiracial people are given status of the socially subordinate group? Answer: a hypodescent rule Question: What was the rule used in law in the 1900s called? Answer: the one-drop rule Question: What was the rule in the 1800s called? Answer: the traceable amount rule Question: What did southern states do to stop white supremacy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What laws did the northern states create in the early 20th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the one-drop rule define as white? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was not a name that was used for the one-drop rule? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of rule did lawyers say the one-drop rule was an example of? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: To understand groups beyond the level of mere symbolic manipulations as above, more structural concepts have to be employed.c[›] There is a conceptual principle underlying all of the following notions: to take advantage of the structure offered by groups (which sets, being "structureless", do not have), constructions related to groups have to be compatible with the group operation. This compatibility manifests itself in the following notions in various ways. For example, groups can be related to each other via functions called group homomorphisms. By the mentioned principle, they are required to respect the group structures in a precise sense. The structure of groups can also be understood by breaking them into pieces called subgroups and quotient groups. The principle of "preserving structures"—a recurring topic in mathematics throughout—is an instance of working in a category, in this case the category of groups. Question: What ideas are used to understand groups beyond symbols? Answer: structural concepts Question: What has to be compatible with the group operation? Answer: constructions related to groups Question: What concept describes groups that can be related to each other via functions? Answer: group homomorphisms Question: What is needed to understand structural concepts? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Both groups and sets have what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What function is used to break groups into pieces? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Groups do not need to respect structures in what sense? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is an example of a subgroup? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: According to a study by the China Earthquake Administration (CEA), the earthquake occurred along the Longmenshan fault, a thrust structure along the border of the Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate. Seismic activities concentrated on its mid-fracture (known as Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture). The rupture lasted close to 120 sec, with the majority of energy released in the first 80 sec. Starting from Wenchuan, the rupture propagated at an average speed of 3.1 kilometers per second 49° toward north east, rupturing a total of about 300 km. Maximum displacement amounted to 9 meters. The focus was deeper than 10 km. Question: On what fault did the earthquake occur? Answer: Longmenshan fault Question: Where is the Longmenshan fault located? Answer: along the border of the Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate Question: How long did the rupture last? Answer: 120 sec Question: How deep was the focus of the earthquake? Answer: 10 km Question: Along what fault line did the quake happen? Answer: Longmenshan fault Question: On which fracture did the quake focus? Answer: Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture Question: When wasmost of the energy released during the initial eruption? Answer: first 80 sec. Question: What was the most displacement caused by the earthquake? Answer: 9 meters
Context: Śīla is the foundation of Samādhi/Bhāvana (Meditative cultivation) or mind cultivation. Keeping the precepts promotes not only the peace of mind of the cultivator, which is internal, but also peace in the community, which is external. According to the Law of Karma, keeping the precepts is meritorious and it acts as causes that would bring about peaceful and happy effects. Keeping these precepts keeps the cultivator from rebirth in the four woeful realms of existence. Question: What keeps the cultivator from rebirth in the four realms of existance? Answer: keeping the precepts Question: What is the foundation of Samadhi/Bhavana? Answer: Śīla Question: What promotes not only the peace of mind but also peace in the community? Answer: keeping the precepts
Context: The caricature of the period is also reflected in some more specific notions. One misconception, first propagated in the 19th century and still very common, is that all people in the Middle Ages believed that the Earth was flat. This is untrue, as lecturers in the medieval universities commonly argued that evidence showed the Earth was a sphere. Lindberg and Ronald Numbers, another scholar of the period, state that there "was scarcely a Christian scholar of the Middle Ages who did not acknowledge [Earth's] sphericity and even know its approximate circumference". Other misconceptions such as "the Church prohibited autopsies and dissections during the Middle Ages", "the rise of Christianity killed off ancient science", or "the medieval Christian church suppressed the growth of natural philosophy", are all cited by Numbers as examples of widely popular myths that still pass as historical truth, although they are not supported by current historical research. Question: During what century was it first proposed that people in the Middle Ages thought the Earth was flat? Answer: 19th Question: Along with autopsies, what is it erroneously believed that the medieval Church forbade? Answer: dissections Question: According to a misconception, what did the rise of Christianity destroy? Answer: ancient science Question: According to another misconception, what field of study was the medieval Church opposed to? Answer: natural philosophy Question: Along with Lindberg, who is a notable scholar of the Middle Ages? Answer: Ronald Numbers
Context: The Hot 100 and Easy Listening charts became more similar again toward the end of the 1960s and into the early and mid-1970s, when the texture of much of the music played on Top 40 radio once more began to soften. The adult contemporary format began evolving into the sound that later defined it, with rock-oriented acts as Chicago, The Eagles, and Elton John becoming associated with the format. Question: At the end of what decade did the Hot 100 and Easy Listening charts begin to converge? Answer: 1960s Question: During the middle and early parts of what decade did the similarity of Easy Listening and Hot 100 increase? Answer: 1970s Question: How did Top 40 radio what ifmusic change during this era? Answer: began to soften Question: With Elton John and the Eagles, what was a prominent adult contemporary artist in this period? Answer: Chicago
Context: The Sun, during the Miners' strike of 1984–85, supported the police and the Thatcher government against the striking NUM miners, and in particular the union's president, Arthur Scargill. On 23 May 1984, The Sun prepared a front page with the headline "Mine Führer" and a photograph of Scargill with his arm in the air, a pose which made him look as though he was giving a Nazi salute. The print workers at The Sun refused to print it. The Sun strongly supported the April 1986 bombing of Libya by the US, which was launched from British bases. Several civilians were killed during the bombing. Their leader was "Right Ron, Right Maggie". That year, Labour MP Clare Short attempted in vain to persuade Parliament to outlaw the pictures on Page Three and gained opprobrium from the newspaper for her stand. Question: Who did The Sun support in the 1984-85 Miners' strike? Answer: the police and the Thatcher government Question: Who was president of the Miners' union? Answer: Arthur Scargill Question: What did a picture of Scargill have him appear to be doing? Answer: giving a Nazi salute Question: How did The Sun feel about the American bombing of Libya in 1986? Answer: strongly supported the April 1986 bombing Question: Who was Labour M.P. in 1986? Answer: Clare Short
Context: Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't recognized by neighboring countries for five months. Meanwhile, anti-Bolsheviks coined the mocking label "Sovdepia" for the nascent state of the "Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies". Question: Which group originally created the Soviet state? Answer: the Bolsheviks Question: Who led the group which created the Soviet state? Answer: Vladimir Lenin Question: Which government was overthrown during the October Revolution? Answer: the Russian Provisional Government Question: How long did the new Russian Soviet state go unrecognized by other countries? Answer: five months Question: What name did people opposed to the Bolsheviks use for the Soviet state? Answer: Sovdepia Question: Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks in 1917? Answer: Vladimir Lenin Question: What body was overthrown by the October Revolution? Answer: Russian Provisional Government Question: For how long did the Soviet Union go unrecognized? Answer: five months Question: What derisive label was given to the USSR by the enemies of the Bolsheviks? Answer: Sovdepia Question: Which group originally destroyed the Soviet state? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who rejected the group which created the Soviet state? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which government was overthrown before the October Revolution? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long did the new Russian Soviet state go recognized by other countries? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What name did people opposed to the Bolsheviks reject for the Soviet state? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On 11 April 2006, Brian May and Roger Taylor appeared on the American singing contest television show American Idol. Each contestant was required to sing a Queen song during that week of the competition. Songs which appeared on the show included "Bohemian Rhapsody", "Fat Bottomed Girls", "The Show Must Go On", "Who Wants to Live Forever", and "Innuendo". Brian May later criticised the show for editing specific scenes, one of which made the group's time with contestant Ace Young look negative, despite it being the opposite. Taylor and May again appeared on the American Idol season 8 finale in May 2009, performing "We Are the Champions" with finalists Adam Lambert and Kris Allen. On 15 November 2009, Brian May and Roger Taylor appeared on the singing contest television show X Factor in the UK. Question: On what date in 2006 did May and Taylor of Queen appear on American Idol? Answer: 11 April Question: What month and year was the season finale of American Idol? Answer: May 2009 Question: Who were the season 8 finalists on American Idol? Answer: Adam Lambert and Kris Allen Question: On what date did Queen's May and Taylor appear on UK X-factor? Answer: 15 November 2009
Context: As political instability grew in Syria, delegations from the country were sent to Nasser demanding immediate unification with Egypt. Nasser initially turned down the request, citing the two countries' incompatible political and economic systems, lack of contiguity, the Syrian military's record of intervention in politics, and the deep factionalism among Syria's political forces. However, in January 1958, a second Syrian delegation managed to convince Nasser of an impending communist takeover and a consequent slide to civil strife. Nasser subsequently opted for union, albeit on the condition that it would be a total political merger with him as its president, to which the delegates and Syrian president Shukri al-Quwatli agreed. On 1 February, the United Arab Republic (UAR) was proclaimed and, according to Dawisha, the Arab world reacted in "stunned amazement, which quickly turned into uncontrolled euphoria." Nasser ordered a crackdown against Syrian communists, dismissing many of them from their governmental posts. Question: What country wanted to join with Egypt? Answer: Syria Question: What Syrian group did Nasser crack down on? Answer: communists Question: What was the Egyptian-Syrian alliance called? Answer: United Arab Republic Question: What year was the UAR formed? Answer: 1958
Context: Affirmative action is a subject of controversy. Some policies adopted as affirmative action, such as racial quotas or gender quotas for collegiate admission, have been criticized as a form of reverse discrimination, and such implementation of affirmative action has been ruled unconstitutional by the majority opinion of Gratz v. Bollinger. Affirmative action as a practice was upheld by the Supreme Court's decision in Grutter v. Bollinger in 2003. Affirmative action policies were developed in order to correct decades of discrimination stemming from the Reconstruction Era by granting disadvantaged minorities opportunities. Many believe that the diversity of current American society suggests that affirmative action policies succeeded and are no longer required. Opponents of affirmative action argue that these policies are outdated and lead to reverse discrimination which entails favoring one group over another based upon racial preference rather than achievement. Question: What is another example aside from racial quotes of affirmative action for collegiate admissions? Answer: gender quotas Question: Having quotas regarding admissions or employment has been criticized and said to be what kind of discrimination? Answer: reverse Question: What case determined that some implementation of affirmative action was unconstitutional? Answer: Gratz v. Bollinger Question: In which time period did discrimination policies originate from? Answer: Reconstruction Era Question: What do critics of affirmative action believe should be the main factor in hiring? Answer: achievement Question: What is another example aside from racial quotes of non-affirmative action for collegiate admissions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Not having quotas regarding admissions or employment has been criticized and said to be what kind of discrimination? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What case determined that some implementation of affirmative action was constitutional? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which time period did discrimination policies not originate from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do critics of affirmative action believe should not be the main factor in hiring? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Tibetan music often involves chanting in Tibetan or Sanskrit, as an integral part of the religion. These chants are complex, often recitations of sacred texts or in celebration of various festivals. Yang chanting, performed without metrical timing, is accompanied by resonant drums and low, sustained syllables. Other styles include those unique to the various schools of Tibetan Buddhism, such as the classical music of the popular Gelugpa school, and the romantic music of the Nyingmapa, Sakyapa and Kagyupa schools. Question: In what languages is Tibetan music often chanted in? Answer: Tibetan or Sanskrit Question: What do the chants often contain? Answer: recitations of sacred texts Question: What type of chanting is performed without metrical timing? Answer: Yang Question: What type of music comes from the popular Gelugpa school? Answer: classical Question: What does Sanskrit music often involve? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Yang chanting involve reciting? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What other schools are romantic music associated with in addition to Gelugpa school? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: It has pleased western historians to write of a decline of the Ottoman Empire as though a stable and uncontested polity of that name once existed. The borders did expand and contract but they were always dynamic and always in "question" right from the beginning. The Ottoman Empire was created from the lands of the former eastern Roman Empire on the occasion of the latter's violent demise. The last Roman emperor died fighting hand-to-hand in the streets of his capital, Constantinople, overwhelmed by the Ottoman military, in May, 1453. The victors inherited his remaining territory in the Balkans. Question: What has pleased western historians? Answer: to write of a decline of the Ottoman Empire Question: What was always in question from the beginning of the Ottoman Empire? Answer: The borders Question: What was the Ottoman Empire created from? Answer: the lands of the former eastern Roman Empire Question: How did the last Roman emperor die? Answer: fighting hand-to-hand in the streets Question: Where was the Roman emperor's capital? Answer: Constantinople
Context: The abdomen is the largest tagma of the insect, which typically consists of 11–12 segments and is less strongly sclerotized than the head or thorax. Each segment of the abdomen is represented by a sclerotized tergum and sternum. Terga are separated from each other and from the adjacent sterna or pleura by membranes. Spiracles are located in the pleural area. Variation of this ground plan includes the fusion of terga or terga and sterna to form continuous dorsal or ventral shields or a conical tube. Some insects bear a sclerite in the pleural area called a laterotergite. Ventral sclerites are sometimes called laterosternites. During the embryonic stage of many insects and the postembryonic stage of primitive insects, 11 abdominal segments are present. In modern insects there is a tendency toward reduction in the number of the abdominal segments, but the primitive number of 11 is maintained during embryogenesis. Variation in abdominal segment number is considerable. If the Apterygota are considered to be indicative of the ground plan for pterygotes, confusion reigns: adult Protura have 12 segments, Collembola have 6. The orthopteran family Acrididae has 11 segments, and a fossil specimen of Zoraptera has a 10-segmented abdomen. Question: What is the largest tagma of an insect? Answer: abdomen Question: How many segments make up an insects abdomen? Answer: 11–12 segments Question: The abdomen is less strong than the thorax and what? Answer: head Question: An insects abdomen has a sclerotized tergum and what else? Answer: sternum Question: The pleural area holds what? Answer: Spiracles
Context: YouTube has enabled people to more directly engage with government, such as in the CNN/YouTube presidential debates (2007) in which ordinary people submitted questions to U.S. presidential candidates via YouTube video, with a techPresident co-founder saying that Internet video was changing the political landscape. Describing the Arab Spring (2010- ), sociologist Philip N. Howard quoted an activist's succinct description that organizing the political unrest involved using "Facebook to schedule the protests, Twitter to coordinate, and YouTube to tell the world." In 2012, more than a third of the U.S. Senate introduced a resolution condemning Joseph Kony 16 days after the "Kony 2012" video was posted to YouTube, with resolution co-sponsor Senator Lindsey Graham remarking that the video "will do more to lead to (Kony's) demise than all other action combined." Question: An activist in the Arab spring said they were using Facebook to what? Answer: schedule the protests Question: An activist in the Arab spring said they were using Twitter to do what? Answer: coordinate Question: An activist in the Arab spring said they were using youtube to do what? Answer: tell the world Question: Who was the co-sponsor of the condemnation by the US Senate over the kony 2012 video? Answer: Senator Lindsey Graham Question: What year was the first youtube question asked to a presidential nominee? Answer: 2007 Question: Who did YouTube partner with to engage people in the 2010 presidential debates? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Philip N. Howard say about 2012's Arab Spring? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened 12 days after the "Kony 2016" video was posted on YouTube? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who spoke about Kony's demise after the "Kony 2016" video? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: As "runways at sea", aircraft carriers have a flat-top flight deck, which launches and recovers aircraft. Aircraft launch forward, into the wind, and are recovered from astern. The flight deck is where the most notable differences between a carrier and a land runway are found. Creating such a surface at sea poses constraints on the carrier – for example, the fact that it is a ship means that a full-length runway would be costly to construct and maintain. This affects take-off procedure, as a shorter runway length of the deck requires that aircraft accelerate more quickly to gain lift. This either requires a thrust boost, a vertical component to its velocity, or a reduced take-off load (to lower mass). The differing types of deck configuration, as above, influence the structure of the flight deck. The form of launch assistance a carrier provides is strongly related to the types of aircraft embarked and the design of the carrier itself. Question: What are typically regarded as "runways at sea"? Answer: aircraft carriers Question: What design feature do aircraft carriers feature to aid in launching and recovering aircraft? Answer: flat-top flight deck Question: Where are the most notable differences between a carrier and a land runway found? Answer: The flight deck Question: What is a primary reason that ships have shorter runways than land runways have? Answer: a full-length runway would be costly to construct and maintain Question: What do aircraft need to do when using shorter runway lengths? Answer: accelerate more quickly to gain lift Question: What are never regarded as "runways at sea"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What design feature do aircraft carriers feature to hinder launching and recovering aircraft? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where are the least notable differences between a carrier and a land runway found? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a primary reason that ships have longer runways than land runways have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do aircraft need to do when using longer runway lengths? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During 2009, the federal government enacted new legislation repealing the Canada Corporations Act, Part II - the Canada Not-for-Profit Corporations Act. This Act was last amended on 10 October 2011 and the act was current till 4 March 2013. It allows for incorporation as of right, by Articles of Incorporation; does away with the ultra vires doctrine for nonprofits; establishes them as legal persons; and substantially updates the governance provisions for nonprofits. Ontario also overhauled its legislation, adopting the Ontario Not-for-Profit Corporations Act during 2010; pending the outcome of an anticipated election during October 2011,[dated info] the new Act is expected to be in effect as of 1 July 2013. Question: When was the Canada Corporations Act, Part II repealed? Answer: 2009 Question: What did the creation of the Canada Not-for-Profit Corporations Act mean for NPOs? Answer: incorporation as of right, by Articles of Incorporation Question: When did Ontario adopt the Canada Not-for-Profit Corporations Act? Answer: 2010 Question: When does Ontario expect the Canada Not-for-Profits Corpaoations Act to go into effect? Answer: 1 July 2013 Question: When was the Canada Not-for-Profit corporations Act last ammended? Answer: 10 October 2011 Question: On October 10, 2011 what was repealed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What act was amended in 2009? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What act did Ontario adopt in 2009? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What two things did the anticipated election in 2009 mean for NPO's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Ontario repeal the Canada Corporations Act? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The first great English translation was the Wycliffe Bible (ca. 1382), which showed the weaknesses of an underdeveloped English prose. Only at the end of the 15th century did the great age of English prose translation begin with Thomas Malory's Le Morte Darthur—an adaptation of Arthurian romances so free that it can, in fact, hardly be called a true translation. The first great Tudor translations are, accordingly, the Tyndale New Testament (1525), which influenced the Authorized Version (1611), and Lord Berners' version of Jean Froissart's Chronicles (1523–25). Question: What was the first great English translation? Answer: Wycliffe Bible Question: When was the Wycliffe Bible translated? Answer: 1382 Question: When did the age of great English prose translation begin? Answer: end of the 15th century Question: What adaptation of Arthurian romances took so many liberties with the source material that it could hardly be called a translation? Answer: Le Morte Darthur Question: The Tyndale New Testament was one of the first great translations from what style? Answer: Tudor Question: What was the last great German translation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the Wycliffe Bible burned? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the age of great English prose translation stop? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What adaptation of Arthurian romances took no liberties with the source material? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Special bundles of the game contain a Wolf Link Amiibo figurine, which unlocks a Wii U-exclusive dungeon called the "Cave of Shadows" and can carry data over to the upcoming 2016 Zelda game. Other Zelda-related Amiibo figurines have distinct functions: Link and Toon Link replenish arrows, Zelda and Sheik restore Link's health, and Ganondorf causes Link to take twice as much damage. Question: What special item is included with certain versions of Twilight Princess HD? Answer: Wolf Link Amiibo figurine Question: Which two Amiibo figures reload Link's stock of arrows? Answer: Link and Toon Link Question: Which two Amiibo figures heal Link? Answer: Zelda and Sheik Question: Which Amiibo figure makes Link lose more health when attacked? Answer: Ganondorf Question: What is the name of the area that players with the Wolf Link Amiibo can access? Answer: Cave of Shadows Question: What will special bundles of the game contain? Answer: Wolf Link Amiibo Question: What is the level called that the special Amiibo will unlock? Answer: Cave of Shadows Question: What characters will be able to replenish arrows? Answer: Link and Toon Question: What figures restore health? Answer: Zelda and Sheik Question: What special item is included with certain versions of Sheik? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which two Amiibo figures reload Zelda's stock of arrows? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which two Amiibo figures heal Zelda? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which Amiibo figure makes Zelda loser more health when attacked? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name of the area that players with the Sheik can access? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Communist Party of Germany featured similar attitudes. In Die Welt, a communist newspaper published in Stockholm[e] the exiled communist leader Walter Ulbricht opposed the allies (Britain representing "the most reactionary force in the world") and argued: "The German government declared itself ready for friendly relations with the Soviet Union, whereas the English–French war bloc desires a war against the socialist Soviet Union. The Soviet people and the working people of Germany have an interest in preventing the English war plan." Question: Who wanted war with the Soviet Union? Answer: English–French war bloc Question: Who publicly wanted peace with Soviet Union Answer: German government Question: The British army was considered to be what by Walter Ulbricbht? Answer: the most reactionary force in the world Question: Who rejected war with the Soviet Union? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wanted war with the Nazis? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who privately wanted peace with Soviet Union Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who publicly wanted war with Soviet Union Answer: Unanswerable Question: The British army wasn't considered to be what by Walter Ulbricbht? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Opera debuted in 1996; it has never achieved widespread use, having less than 2% browser usage share as of February 2012 according to Net Applications. Its Opera-mini version has an additive share, in April 2011 amounting to 1.1% of overall browser use, but focused on the fast-growing mobile phone web browser market, being preinstalled on over 40 million phones. It is also available on several other embedded systems, including Nintendo's Wii video game console. Question: Opera was introduced in what year? Answer: 1996 Question: What accounted for 1.1% of browser use in April 2011? Answer: Opera-mini version Question: Opera focused on which quickly growing market? Answer: mobile phone web browser Question: Opera is also available on which video game console? Answer: Nintendo's Wii Question: What program debuted in February 2012? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the Nintendo Wii introduced? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What market did Nintendo focus on to expand its use? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How has usage of the Nintendo Wii been shown over time? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo sold? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The population of Paris in its administrative city limits was 2,241,346 in January 2014. This makes Paris the fifth largest municipality in the European Union, following London, Berlin, Madrid and Rome. Eurostat, the statistical agency of the EU, places Paris (6.5 million people) second behind London (8 million) and ahead of Berlin (3.5 million), based on the 2012 populations of what Eurostat calls "urban audit core cities". The Paris Urban Area, or "unité urbaine", is a statistical area created by the French statistical agency INSEE to measure the population of built-up areas around the city. It is slightly smaller than the Paris Region. According to INSEE, the Paris Urban Area had a population of 10,550,350 at the January 2012 census, the most populous in the European Union, and third most populous in Europe, behind Istanbul and Moscow. The Paris Metropolitan Area is the second most populous in the European Union after London with a population of 12,341,418 at the Jan. 2012 census. Question: In Janurary of 2014, what was the population of Paris' city limits? Answer: 2,241,346 Question: Where is Paris ranked in the EU by largest municipality? Answer: fifth Question: What 4 cities are larger than Paris in the EU? Answer: London, Berlin, Madrid and Rome Question: Who created The Paris Urban Area? Answer: INSEE Question: According to the INSEE what is Paris Urban Area population? Answer: 10,550,350
Context: There are no railways, waterways, ports or harbours on the island. Loading jetties are located at Kingston and Cascade, but ships cannot get close to either of them. When a supply ship arrives, it is emptied by whaleboats towed by launches, five tonnes at a time. Which jetty is used depends on the prevailing weather on the day. The jetty on the leeward side of the island is often used. If the wind changes significantly during unloading/loading, the ship will move around to the other side. Visitors often gather to watch the activity when a supply ship arrives. Question: Where are loading jetties found on Norfolk Island? Answer: Kingston and Cascade Question: How is a supply ship unloaded when it reaches Norfolk Island? Answer: by whaleboats towed by launches Question: What determines the jetty that's used by supply ships to Norfolk Island? Answer: the prevailing weather on the day Question: Where can you find the often-used jetty on Norfolk Island? Answer: on the leeward side of the island Question: Who can usually be found watching supply ships unload at Norfolk Island? Answer: Visitors Question: Where are loading jetties crashed on Norfolk Island? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How is a supply ship flying when it reaches Norfolk Island? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has no influence on the jetty that's used by supply ships to Norfolk Island? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where can you find the rarely-used jetty on Norfolk Island? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who can never be found watching supply ships unload at Norfolk Island? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Ship transport is an important component of Melbourne's transport system. The Port of Melbourne is Australia's largest container and general cargo port and also its busiest. The port handled two million shipping containers in a 12-month period during 2007, making it one of the top five ports in the Southern Hemisphere. Station Pier on Port Phillip Bay is the main passenger ship terminal with cruise ships and the Spirit of Tasmania ferries which cross Bass Strait to Tasmania docking there. Ferries and water taxis run from berths along the Yarra River as far upstream as South Yarra and across Port Phillip Bay. Question: Which port is Australia's largest container and general cargo port? Answer: The Port of Melbourne Question: How far upstream to water taxis run along the Yarra River? Answer: South Yarra Question: How many shipping containers did the Port of Melbourne handle during a 12-month period in 2007, making it one of the top five ports in the Southern Hemisphere? Answer: two million Question: Which is Australia's busiest port? Answer: The Port of Melbourne Question: Where is Station Pier located? Answer: Port Phillip Bay
Context: Philosophical empiricists hold no knowledge to be properly inferred or deduced unless it is derived from one's sense-based experience. This view is commonly contrasted with rationalism, which states that knowledge may be derived from reason independently of the senses. For example, John Locke held that some knowledge (e.g. knowledge of God's existence) could be arrived at through intuition and reasoning alone. Similarly Robert Boyle, a prominent advocate of the experimental method, held that we have innate ideas. The main continental rationalists (Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz) were also advocates of the empirical "scientific method". Question: What is commonly contrasted with empiricism? Answer: rationalism Question: Where does rationalism say knowledge comes from? Answer: reason independently of the senses Question: What is an example knowledge being derived from intuition? Answer: knowledge of God's existence Question: What did Locke think some knowledge could come from? Answer: intuition and reasoning alone Question: Where were the main European rationalists? Answer: Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz Question: Who were the main philosophical empiricists? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did John Locke say required information from one's experience? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was philosophical empiricism popular? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why are empiricists and rationalists similar? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How did empiricists discover innate ideas? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: After annexing the County of Portugal into one of the several counties that made up the Kingdom of Asturias, King Alfonso III of Asturias knighted Vimara Peres, in 868 AD, as the First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal). The region became known as Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália — the County of Portugal. Later the Kingdom of Asturias was divided into a number of Christian Kingdoms in Northern Spain due to dynastic divisions of inheritance among the kings offspring. With the forced abdication of Alfonso III "the Great" of Asturias by his sons in 910, the Kingdom of Asturias split into three separate kingdoms of León, Galicia and Asturias. The three kingdoms were eventually reunited in 924 (León and Galicia in 914, Asturias later) under the crown of León. Question: Who annexed the County of Portugal into the Kingdom of Asturias? Answer: King Alfonso III Question: In which year was Vimara Peres knighted? Answer: 868 AD Question: What was Vimara knighted as? Answer: First Count of Portus Cale Question: What three names did Portugal become known as after Vimara Peres was knighted? Answer: Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália Question: Why was the Kingdom of Asturias divided? Answer: dynastic divisions of inheritance among the kings offspring
Context: This prevented Eisenhower from openly condemning Joseph McCarthy's highly criticized methods against communism. To facilitate relations with Congress, Eisenhower decided to ignore McCarthy's controversies and thereby deprive them of more energy from involvement of the White House. This position drew criticism from a number of corners. In late 1953 McCarthy declared on national television that the employment of communists within the government was a menace and would be a pivotal issue in the 1954 Senate elections. Eisenhower was urged to respond directly and specify the various measures he had taken to purge the government of communists. Nevertheless, he refused. Question: In what year did Joseph McCarthy declare that the federal government was employing communists? Answer: 1953 Question: What did Eisenhower do when he was encouraged to respond to McCarthy's accusations? Answer: he refused Question: Why did Eisenhower ignore McCarthy? Answer: facilitate relations with Congress
Context: Except for the five species of monotremes (egg-laying mammals), all modern mammals give birth to live young. Most mammals, including the six most species-rich orders, belong to the placental group. The three largest orders in numbers, are first Rodentia: mice, rats, porcupines, beavers, capybaras, and other gnawing mammals; then Chiroptera: bats; and then Soricomorpha: shrews, moles and solenodons. The next three orders, depending on the biological classification scheme used, are the Primates including the humans; the Cetartiodactyla including the whales and the even-toed hoofed mammals; and the Carnivora, that is, cats, dogs, weasels, bears, seals, and their relatives. Question: How many species of mammals do not have a live birth? Answer: five species Question: Which group consist of the most mammals? Answer: Rodentia Question: Which group do humans belong too? Answer: Primates Question: Which group do cats and dogs belong too? Answer: Carnivora Question: What do all modern monotremes give birth to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What group do the six species of monotremes belong to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which monotreme consists of the most mammals? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the monotreme that is second after Rodentia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are some examples of monotremes that are part of the group Rodentia? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: As of January 2008, Spain is the nation with the most elevators installed in the world, with 950,000 elevators installed that run more than one hundred million lifts every day, followed by United States with 700,000 elevators installed and China with 610,000 elevators installed since 1949. In Brazil, it is estimated that there are approximately 300,000 elevators currently in operation. The world's largest market for elevators is Italy, with more than 1,629 million euros of sales and 1,224 million euros of internal market. Question: In 2008, what country had the largest number of elevators? Answer: Spain Question: What country had the second most elevators installed? Answer: United States Question: How many elevators had China installed since 1949? Answer: 610,000 Question: What country boasts the worlds largest market for elevators? Answer: Italy Question: How many elevators are in Brazil? Answer: 300,000
Context: Some of the county's secondary schools have specialist school status. Some schools have sixth forms and others transfer their sixth formers to colleges. Several schools can trace their origins back many years, such as The Blue School in Wells and Richard Huish College in Taunton. Others have changed their names over the years such as Beechen Cliff School which was started in 1905 as the City of Bath Boys' School and changed to its present name in 1972 when the grammar school was amalgamated with a local secondary modern school, to form a comprehensive school. Many others were established and built since the Second World War. In 2006, 5,900 pupils in Somerset sat GCSE examinations, with 44.5% achieving 5 grades A-C including English and Maths (compared to 45.8% for England). Question: What schools can trace their origins back Answer: Several schools can trace their origins back many years, such as The Blue School in Wells and Richard Huish College in Taunton Question: What was the original name of the Beechen Cliff School Answer: started in 1905 as the City of Bath Boys' School Question: In 2006 Somerset students performed how well compared to England as a whole Answer: In 2006, 5,900 pupils in Somerset sat GCSE examinations, with 44.5% achieving 5 grades A-C including English and Maths (compared to 45.8% for England). Question: In what year was The Blue School established? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Richard Huish College open its doors? Answer: Unanswerable Question: At The Blue School what is the percentage of students achieve 5 grades A-C? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What 5 grades A-C percentage to they get at City of Bath Boys' School? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many students attend the Richard Huish College? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The physics of quantum mechanics was thereby reduced to the mathematics of Hilbert spaces and linear operators acting on them. For example, the uncertainty principle, according to which the determination of the position of a particle prevents the determination of its momentum and vice versa, is translated into the non-commutativity of the two corresponding operators. This new mathematical formulation included as special cases the formulations of both Heisenberg and Schrödinger. When Heisenberg was informed von Neumann had clarified the difference between an unbounded operator that was a Self-adjoint operator and one that was merely symmetric, Heisenberg replied "Eh? What is the difference?" Question: What are the physics of quantum mechanics? Answer: mathematics of Hilbert spaces and linear operators acting on them Question: What is the uncertainty principle? Answer: determination of the position of a particle prevents the determination of its momentum and vice versa Question: The physics of quantum mechanics included special cases for what work? Answer: formulations of both Heisenberg and Schrödinger
Context: In England, the Royal Society of London also played a significant role in the public sphere and the spread of Enlightenment ideas. It was founded by a group of independent scientists and given a royal charter in 1662. The Society played a large role in spreading Robert Boyle's experimental philosophy around Europe, and acted as a clearinghouse for intellectual correspondence and exchange. Boyle was "a founder of the experimental world in which scientists now live and operate," and his method based knowledge on experimentation, which had to be witnessed to provide proper empirical legitimacy. This is where the Royal Society came into play: witnessing had to be a "collective act", and the Royal Society's assembly rooms were ideal locations for relatively public demonstrations. However, not just any witness was considered to be credible; "Oxford professors were accounted more reliable witnesses than Oxfordshire peasants." Two factors were taken into account: a witness's knowledge in the area; and a witness's "moral constitution". In other words, only civil society were considered for Boyle's public. Question: Which society in England also played a significant role in the public sphere and spread of Enlightenment ideas? Answer: Royal Society of London Question: In what year was the Royal Society of London given a royal charter? Answer: 1662 Question: Whose method based knowledge on experiementation, which had to be witnessed? Answer: Robert Boyle Question: Who were considered more reliable witnesses than the Oxfordshire peasants? Answer: Oxford professors Question: What two factors were taken into account in credibility in the Royal Society? Answer: a witness's knowledge in the area; and a witness's "moral constitution"
Context: The main active ingredient of beer is alcohol, and therefore, the health effects of alcohol apply to beer. Consumption of small quantities of alcohol (less than one drink in women and two in men) is associated with a decreased risk of cardiac disease, stroke and diabetes mellitus. The long term health effects of continuous, moderate or heavy alcohol consumption include the risk of developing alcoholism and alcoholic liver disease. A total of 3.3 million deaths (5.9% of all deaths) are believed to be due to alcohol. Alcoholism often reduces a person's life expectancy by around ten years. Alcohol use is the third leading cause of early death in the United States. Question: What is beers primary active ingredient? Answer: alcohol Question: What disease can be caused by heavy alcohol consumption? Answer: alcoholic liver disease Question: How many deaths are believed to have been caused by alcohol? Answer: 3.3 million Question: What is the third leading cause of premature dying in the US? Answer: Alcohol Question: How many years are removed from an alcoholic's life expectancy? Answer: around ten Question: What is the main active ingredient of alcohol? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are 3.3% of all deaths believed to be due to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are 5.9 million deaths believed to be due to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What reduces a person's life expectancy by around three years? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the tenth leading cause of early death in the United States? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: According to Sun Jiadong, the chief designer of the navigation system, "Many organizations have been using our system for a while, and they like it very much." Question: Who is the chief designer of the BeiDou navigation system? Answer: Sun Jiadong Question: What did Sun Jiadong have to say about the BeiDou navigation system? Answer: "Many organizations have been using our system for a while, and they like it very much." Question: Who is Sun Jiadong? Answer: the chief designer of the navigation system Question: Who says that many organizations dislike the system? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Moon Jiadong says that many organizations have been doing what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: According to the CEO, how do many organizations feel about the system? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is quoted as saying not many organizations have used the system? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The late nineteenth century also brought the systematic study of color theory, and particularly the study of how complementary colors such as red and green reinforced each other when they were placed next to each other. These studies were avidly followed by artists such as Vincent van Gogh. Describing his painting, The Night Cafe, to his brother Theo in 1888, Van Gogh wrote: "I sought to express with red and green the terrible human passions. The hall is blood red and pale yellow, with a green billiard table in the center, and four lamps of lemon yellow, with rays of orange and green. Everywhere it is a battle and antithesis of the most different reds and greens." Question: When did the systematic study of color theory begin? Answer: late nineteenth century Question: Who painted The Night Cafe? Answer: Vincent van Gogh Question: What type of colors are red and green? Answer: complementary Question: What artist created color theory? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Theo van Gogh paint? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many rays of orange were there in The Night Cafe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Van Gogh said The Night Cafe was about the contrast between yellow and what color? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did color theory first appear? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The original Charter of 1837 set out the purpose of the Royal Institute to be: '… the general advancement of Civil Architecture, and for promoting and facilitating the acquirement of the knowledge of the various arts and sciences connected therewith…' Question: What was the central aim of the Royal Institute? Answer: the general advancement of Civil Architecture Question: What document set forth the goals of the Royal Institute? Answer: The original Charter of 1837 Question: What was the Royal Institute responsible for doing with regards to the development of knowledge related to architecture? Answer: promoting and facilitating Question: What was the secondary aim of the Royal Institute? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What document set forth the restrictions of the Royal Institute? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the Royal Institute not responsible for doing with regards to the development of knowledge related to architecture? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which charter was not used in 1837? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The first centrally organised police force was created by the government of King Louis XIV in 1667 to police the city of Paris, then the largest city in Europe. The royal edict, registered by the Parlement of Paris on March 15, 1667 created the office of lieutenant général de police ("lieutenant general of police"), who was to be the head of the new Paris police force, and defined the task of the police as "ensuring the peace and quiet of the public and of private individuals, purging the city of what may cause disturbances, procuring abundance, and having each and everyone live according to their station and their duties". Question: In what year did Paris get a police force? Answer: 1667 Question: Who created Paris's police force? Answer: King Louis XIV Question: What was the largest European city in 1667? Answer: Paris Question: What was the title of the head of Paris's police, in English? Answer: lieutenant general of police Question: What was the title of the head of Paris's police, in French? Answer: lieutenant général de police Question: In what year did Paris not get a police force? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who never created Paris's police force? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the smallest European city in 1667? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the largest European city in 1676? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the title of the bottom of Paris's police, in English? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Malnutrition refers to insufficient, excessive, or imbalanced consumption of nutrients by an organism. In developed countries, the diseases of malnutrition are most often associated with nutritional imbalances or excessive consumption. In developing countries, malnutrition is more likely to be caused by poor access to a range of nutritious foods or inadequate knowledge. In Mali the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) and the Aga Khan Foundation, trained women's groups to make equinut, a healthy and nutritional version of the traditional recipe di-dèguè (comprising peanut paste, honey and millet or rice flour). The aim was to boost nutrition and livelihoods by producing a product that women could make and sell, and which would be accepted by the local community because of its local heritage. Question: An imbalance in the intake of nutrients by any organism can be referred by which term? Answer: Malnutrition Question: In what kind of country is malnutrition often found as excessive consumption or as a nutritional imbalance? Answer: developed Question: Aside from inadequate knowledge, what else is characteristic of malnutrition found in developing countries? Answer: poor access to a range of nutritious foods Question: What is the abbreviation ICRISAT short for? Answer: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Question: What is the name of the traditional Mali recipe that equinut is a twist on? Answer: di-dèguè
Context: The Slavs under name of the Antes and the Sclaveni make their first appearance in Byzantine records in the early 6th century. Byzantine historiographers under Justinian I (527–565), such as Procopius of Caesarea, Jordanes and Theophylact Simocatta describe tribes of these names emerging from the area of the Carpathian Mountains, the lower Danube and the Black Sea, invading the Danubian provinces of the Eastern Empire. Question: The Slavs make their first appearance in Byzantine records when? Answer: in the early 6th century Question: The Slavs were under what name in the early 6th century? Answer: the Antes and the Sclaveni Question: According to Byzantine historiographers, tribes of Slavs emerged from what areas? Answer: the Carpathian Mountains, the lower Danube and the Black Sea Question: Tribes of Slavs were invading what provinces of the Eastern Empire? Answer: the Danubian provinces Question: Under whose reign did Byzantine historiographers describe Slavic tribes? Answer: under Justinian I Question: When do Byzantine records begin? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Procopius of Caesarea live? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was Jordanes from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was another name for Byzantine? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What mountains did the Byzantine people come from? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the generations after emigration from the west, Jewish communities in places like Poland, Russia, and Belarus enjoyed a comparatively stable socio-political environment. A thriving publishing industry and the printing of hundreds of biblical commentaries precipitated the development of the Hasidic movement as well as major Jewish academic centers. After two centuries of comparative tolerance in the new nations, massive westward emigration occurred in the 19th and 20th centuries in response to pogroms in the east and the economic opportunities offered in other parts of the world. Ashkenazi Jews have made up the majority of the American Jewish community since 1750. Question: After emigration from the west, did Jewish communities in places like Poland have a stable or unstable sociopolitical environment? Answer: a comparatively stable socio-political environment Question: What precipitated the development of the Hasidic movement? Answer: A thriving publishing industry and the printing of hundreds of biblical commentaries Question: Massive western emigration occurred around what time? Answer: in the 19th and 20th centuries Question: Ashkenazi Jews have made up the majority of the American Jewish community since when? Answer: 1750
Context: Various theories for the decline of the Native American populations emphasize epidemic diseases, conflicts with Europeans, and conflicts among warring tribes. Scholars now believe that, among the various contributing factors, epidemic disease was the overwhelming cause of the population decline of the American natives. Some believe that after first contacts with Europeans and Africans, Old World diseases caused the death of 90 to 95% of the native population of the New World in the following 150 years. Smallpox killed up to one third of the native population of Hispaniola in 1518. By killing the Incan ruler Huayna Capac, smallpox caused the Inca Civil War. Smallpox was only the first epidemic. Typhus (probably) in 1546, influenza and smallpox together in 1558, smallpox again in 1589, diphtheria in 1614, measles in 1618—all ravaged the remains of Inca culture. Question: What was the overwhelming reason for the decline of Native American populations? Answer: epidemic disease Question: Old World diseases accounted for up to what percentage of deaths among the native New World population? Answer: 90 to 95% Question: How long did it take for the Old World diseases to decimate the native population to the extent it did? Answer: 150 years Question: What disease killed almost a third of the population of Hispaniola in 1518? Answer: Smallpox Question: How did smallpox cause the Inca Civil War? Answer: By killing the Incan ruler Huayna Capac
Context: Historically Whitehead's work has been most influential in the field of American progressive theology. The most important early proponent of Whitehead's thought in a theological context was Charles Hartshorne, who spent a semester at Harvard as Whitehead's teaching assistant in 1925, and is widely credited with developing Whitehead's process philosophy into a full-blown process theology. Other notable process theologians include John B. Cobb, Jr., David Ray Griffin, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, C. Robert Mesle, Roland Faber, and Catherine Keller. Question: In what field of study has Whitehead's work been most influential in the United States? Answer: American progressive theology Question: Who was the most important early supporter of Whitehead's work in the context of theology? Answer: Charles Hartshorne Question: What advancement of Whitehead's process philosophy is attributed to Charles Hartshorne? Answer: developing Whitehead's process philosophy into a full-blown process theology Question: Who are some other distinguished process theologians? Answer: John B. Cobb, Jr., David Ray Griffin, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, C. Robert Mesle, Roland Faber, and Catherine Keller Question: In what field of study has Whitehead's work been less influential in the United States? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the least important early supporter of Whitehead's work in the context of theology? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What advancement of Whitehead's process philosophy is not attributed to Charles Hartshorne? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Madonna's emergence occurred during the advent of MTV; Chris Nelson from The New York Times spoke of pop artists like Madonna saying, "MTV, with its almost exclusively lip-synched videos, ushered in an era in which average music fans might happily spend hours a day, every day, watching singers just mouth the words." The symbiotic relationship between the music video and lip-syncing led to a desire for the spectacle and imagery of the music video to be transferred to live stage shows. He added, "Artists like Madonna and Janet Jackson set new standards for showmanship, with concerts that included not only elaborate costumes and precision-timed pyrotechnics but also highly athletic dancing. These effects came at the expense of live singing." Thor Christensen of The Dallas Morning News commented that while Madonna earned a reputation for lip-syncing during her 1990 Blond Ambition World Tour, she has subsequently reorganized her performances by "stay[ing] mostly still during her toughest singing parts and [leaves] the dance routines to her backup troupe ... [r]ather than try to croon and dance up a storm at the same time." Question: Who had new standards of showmanship? Answer: Madonna and Janet Jackson Question: Who earned a reputation of lip synching in the Blond Ambition Tour? Answer: Madonna Question: What came as an expense of live singing? Answer: highly athletic dancing
Context: East Asian cultures are influenced by two schools of thought, Confucianism, which advocated good governance as rule by leaders who are benevolent and virtuous, and Legalism, which advocated strict adherence to law. The influence of one school of thought over the other has varied throughout the centuries. One study indicates that throughout East Asia, only South Korea, Singapore, Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong have societies that are robustly committed to a law-bound state. According to Awzar Thi, a member of the Asian Human Rights Commission, the rule of law in Thailand, Cambodia, and most of Asia is weak or nonexistent: Question: What East Asian philosophy emphasized virtuous leadership? Answer: Confucianism Question: What East Asian philosophy emphasized unwavering rule following? Answer: Legalism Question: How strong is the rule of law in most Asian countries? Answer: weak or nonexistent Question: Which Asian countries strictly follow laws? Answer: South Korea, Singapore, Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong Question: How many schools of thought influence central Asian cultures? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Confucianism advocate strict adherence to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of leader is advocated for under legalism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is weak or nonexistent in South Korea, Singapore, Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is strong in Thailand, Cambodia and most of Asia? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The trip was intended to soften the strong isolationist tendencies among the North American public with regard to the developing tensions in Europe. Although the aim of the tour was mainly political, to shore up Atlantic support for the United Kingdom in any future war, the King and Queen were enthusiastically received by the public. The fear that George would be compared unfavourably to his predecessor, Edward VIII, was dispelled. They visited the 1939 New York World's Fair and stayed with President Franklin D. Roosevelt at the White House and at his private estate at Hyde Park, New York. A strong bond of friendship was forged between the King and Queen and the President during the tour, which had major significance in the relations between the United States and the United Kingdom through the ensuing war years. Question: What kind of tendencies did North America have? Answer: isolationist tendencies Question: Who was George's predecessor? Answer: Edward VIII Question: Who was the President of the United States in 1939? Answer: President Franklin D. Roosevelt Question: Which fair was happening in New York in 1939? Answer: 1939 New York World's Fair Question: In what year did Edward Viii abdicate? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what city is the White House? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Franklin D. Roosevelt made president? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was George crowned? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The firm of John Russell Pope designed Broad Street Station as well as Branch House on Monument Avenue, designed as a private residence in the Tudor style, now serving as the Branch Museum of Architecture and Design. Broad Street Station (or Union Station), designed in the Beaux-Arts style, is no longer a functioning station but is now home to the Science Museum of Virginia. Main Street Station, designed by Wilson, Harris, and Richards, has been returned to use in its original purpose. The Jefferson Hotel and the Commonwealth Club were both designed by the classically trained Beaux-Arts architects Carrère and Hastings. Many buildings on the University of Richmond campus, including Jeter Hall and Ryland Hall, were designed by Ralph Adams Cram, most famous for his Princeton University Chapel and the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine. Question: What architectural style was used to design Branch House? Answer: Tudor Question: Who designed Branch House? Answer: John Russell Pope Question: What is another name for Broad Street Station? Answer: Union Station Question: What style of architecture was used in the design of Union Station? Answer: Beaux-Arts Question: Who designed the Commonwealth Club? Answer: Carrère and Hastings
Context: By the end of 1957, Nasser nationalized all remaining British and French assets in Egypt, including the tobacco, cement, pharmaceutical, and phosphate industries. When efforts to offer tax incentives and attract outside investments yielded no tangible results, he nationalized more companies and made them a part of his economic development organization. He stopped short of total government control: two-thirds of the economy was still in private hands. This effort achieved a measure of success, with increased agricultural production and investment in industrialization. Nasser initiated the Helwan steelworks, which subsequently became Egypt's largest enterprise, providing the country with product and tens of thousands of jobs. Nasser also decided to cooperate with the Soviet Union in the construction of the Aswan Dam to replace the withdrawal of US funds. Question: What nations' assets did Nasser nationalize in 1957? Answer: British and French Question: How much of the economy was not controlled by Nassir's government? Answer: two-thirds Question: What entity did Nasser spearhead that was a boon for Egypt's economy? Answer: Helwan steelworks Question: What nation did Nasser join economic forces with? Answer: Soviet Union Question: What project did Nasser cooperate with the Soviet Union on? Answer: Aswan Dam
Context: In 1987, as China began opening to Western capital investment, Spielberg shot the first American film in Shanghai since the 1930s, an adaptation of J. G. Ballard's autobiographical novel Empire of the Sun, starring John Malkovich and a young Christian Bale. The film garnered much praise from critics and was nominated for several Oscars, but did not yield substantial box office revenues. Reviewer Andrew Sarris called it the best film of the year and later included it among the best films of the decade. Spielberg was also a co-producer of the 1987 film *batteries not included. Question: Until the 1980s, when had an American film last been shot in Shanghai? Answer: the 1930s Question: Who wrote 'Empire of the Sun'? Answer: J. G. Ballard Question: Who starred in 'Empire of the Sun'? Answer: John Malkovich and a young Christian Bale Question: Who thought 'Empire of the Sun' was the best film of the year? Answer: Andrew Sarris Question: What was Spielberg's role on 'Batteries Not Included'? Answer: co-producer Question: Where was "Batteries Not Included" shot? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Before Empire of the Sun what was the last American movie shot in Shanghai? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was nominated for an Oscar for Empire of the Sun? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did the novel Empire of the Sun get released? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Christian Bale's first movie? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Notable modern Greek artists include Renaissance painter Dominikos Theotokopoulos (El Greco), Panagiotis Doxaras, Nikolaos Gyzis, Nikiphoros Lytras, Yannis Tsarouchis, Nikos Engonopoulos, Constantine Andreou, Jannis Kounellis, sculptors such as Leonidas Drosis, Georgios Bonanos, Yannoulis Chalepas and Joannis Avramidis, conductor Dimitri Mitropoulos, soprano Maria Callas, composers such as Mikis Theodorakis, Nikos Skalkottas, Iannis Xenakis, Manos Hatzidakis, Eleni Karaindrou, Yanni and Vangelis, one of the best-selling singers worldwide Nana Mouskouri and poets such as Kostis Palamas, Dionysios Solomos, Angelos Sikelianos and Yannis Ritsos. Alexandrian Constantine P. Cavafy and Nobel laureates Giorgos Seferis and Odysseas Elytis are among the most important poets of the 20th century. Novel is also represented by Alexandros Papadiamantis and Nikos Kazantzakis. Question: Who was one of the old masters from the Greeks ? Answer: Greek artists include Renaissance painter Dominikos Theotokopoulos (El Greco), Panagiotis Do Question: Who was one the most well known modern decorative modelers of the Greeks ? Answer: sculptors such as Leonidas Drosis, Georgios Bonanos, Yannoulis Chalepas and Joannis Avramidis Question: Who sang in a voice that is in the high octave range from the Modern Greek Era ? Answer: soprano Maria Callas Question: Name one of the poetic authors who was also nominated for the Nobel Peace Award from the Greeks ? Answer: Nobel laureates Giorgos Seferis and Odysseas Elytis are among the most important poets of the 20th century. Question: Who was one of the old masters from the French? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was one the most well known modern decorative modelers of the French? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who sang in a voice that is in the low octave range from the Modern Greek Era? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Name one of the poetic authors who was never nominated for the Nobel Peace Award from the Greeks Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Some of the greatest imports to Plymouth from the Americas and Europe during the latter half of the 19th century included maize, wheat, barley, sugar cane, guano, sodium nitrate and phosphate Aside from the dockyard in the town of Devonport, industries in Plymouth such as the gasworks, the railways and tramways and a number of small chemical works had begun to develop in the 19th century, continuing into the 20th century. Question: What animal byproduct was imported to Plymouth in the 19th century? Answer: guano Question: In what settlement were the dockyards located? Answer: Devonport
Context: On the northern outskirts of the city, Crownhill Fort is a well restored example of a "Palmerston's Folly". It is owned by the Landmark Trust and is open to the public. Question: What structure was referred to as a "Palmerston's Folly"? Answer: Crownhill Fort Question: In what cardinal direction is Crownhill Fort located outside the city? Answer: north Question: Who runs Crownhill Fort? Answer: the Landmark Trust
Context: The avian circulatory system is driven by a four-chambered, myogenic heart contained in a fibrous pericardial sac. This pericardial sac is filled with a serous fluid for lubrication. The heart itself is divided into a right and left half, each with an atrium and ventricle. The atrium and ventricles of each side are separated by atrioventricular valves which prevent back flow from one chamber to the next during contraction. Being myogenic, the heart's pace is maintained by pacemaker cells found in the sinoatrial node, located on the right atrium. The sinoatrial node uses calcium to cause a depolarizing signal transduction pathway from the atrium through right and left atrioventricular bundle which communicates contraction to the ventricles. The avian heart also consists of muscular arches that are made up of thick bundles of muscular layers. Much like a mammalian heart, the avian heart is composed of endocardial, myocardial and epicardial layers. The atrium walls tend to be thinner than the ventricle walls, due to the intense ventricular contraction used to pump oxygenated blood throughout the body. Avian hearts are generally larger than mammalian hearts when compared to body mass. This adaptation allows more blood to be pumped to meet the high metabolic need associated with flight. Question: The avian circulatory system is driven by what? Answer: four-chambered, myogenic heart Question: Where is the heart contained in the avian circulatory system? Answer: fibrous pericardial sac Question: What lubricates the pericardial sac? Answer: serous fluid Question: Why are Avian hearts larger than mammalian hearts when compared to body mass? Answer: allows more blood to be pumped
Context: Average attendance for AFL games were around 10,000–11,000 per game in the 1990s, though during the recession connected to the dot-com bubble and the September 11, 2001 attacks average attendance dropped below 10,000 for several years. From the start of the 2004 season until the final season of the original league in 2008, average attendance was above 12,000, with 12,392 in 2007. Eleven of the seventeen teams in operation in 2007 had average attendance figures over 13,000. In 2008, the overall attendance average increased to 12,957, with eight teams exceeding 13,000 per game. Question: What was the normal per game attendance of AFL games in the 1990s? Answer: 10,000–11,000 Question: Along with the recession, what event is held to have decreased per-game attendance below 10,000? Answer: the September 11, 2001 attacks Question: What was the average per-game attendance in 2007? Answer: 12,392 Question: In 2008, what was the average attendance for an AFL game? Answer: 12,957 Question: During the 2008 season, how many teams averaged more than 13,000 spectators per game? Answer: eight
Context: Throughout the war, the King and Queen provided morale-boosting visits throughout the United Kingdom, visiting bomb sites, munitions factories, and troops. The King visited military forces abroad in France in December 1939, North Africa and Malta in June 1943, Normandy in June 1944, southern Italy in July 1944, and the Low Countries in October 1944. Their high public profile and apparently indefatigable determination secured their place as symbols of national resistance. At a social function in 1944, Chief of the Imperial General Staff Sir Alan Brooke, revealed that every time he met Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery he thought he was after his job. The King replied: "You should worry, when I meet him, I always think he's after mine!" Question: What country did the King and Queen visit in July 1944? Answer: Italy Question: When did the King and Queen visit North Africa and Malta? Answer: June 1943 Question: What improved when the King and Queen visited different military sites? Answer: morale Question: In what month in 1944 did the King meet Sir Alan Brooke? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one of the Low Countries? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Bernard Montgomery made the Field Marshal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did British military forces enter Southern Italy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Sir Alan brooke made the Chief of the Imperial General Staff? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essential bacterial enzymes (rifamycins, lipiarmycins, quinolones, and sulfonamides) have bactericidal activities. Those that target protein synthesis (macrolides, lincosamides and tetracyclines) are usually bacteriostatic (with the exception of bactericidal aminoglycosides). Further categorization is based on their target specificity. "Narrow-spectrum" antibacterial antibiotics target specific types of bacteria, such as Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria, whereas broad-spectrum antibiotics affect a wide range of bacteria. Following a 40-year hiatus in discovering new classes of antibacterial compounds, four new classes of antibacterial antibiotics have been brought into clinical use in the late 2000s and early 2010s: cyclic lipopeptides (such as daptomycin), glycylcyclines (such as tigecycline), oxazolidinones (such as linezolid), and lipiarmycins (such as fidaxomicin). Question: Besides sprectrum of activity and chemical structure, how can antibacterial antibiotics classified? Answer: mechanism of action Question: What is another name used for bacterial cell wall? Answer: penicillins and cephalosporins Question: whats another word for cell membrane? Answer: polymyxins Question: How many new classes of antibacterial antibiotics was introduced in the late 2000's/ Answer: four Question: What three ways are antibiotics classified? Answer: mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity Question: What do anitibiotics mostly target? Answer: bacterial functions or growth processes Question: Which two types of antibiotics target the cell wall? Answer: penicillins and cephalosporins Question: Which type of antibiotic goes after the cell membrane? Answer: polymyxins Question: What 3 types go after protein synthesis? Answer: (macrolides, lincosamides and tetracyclines Question: Besides spectrum of activity and chemical structure, how can protein synthesis be classified? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another name used for target specificity? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another word for interfere? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many new classes of glycylcyclines was introduced in the late 2000's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What three ways are bacteria classified? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Strange matter is a particular form of quark matter, usually thought of as a liquid of up, down, and strange quarks. It is contrasted with nuclear matter, which is a liquid of neutrons and protons (which themselves are built out of up and down quarks), and with non-strange quark matter, which is a quark liquid that contains only up and down quarks. At high enough density, strange matter is expected to be color superconducting. Strange matter is hypothesized to occur in the core of neutron stars, or, more speculatively, as isolated droplets that may vary in size from femtometers (strangelets) to kilometers (quark stars). Question: What is quark matter usually thought of as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is nuclear matter similar to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: At low density, what is expected of strange matter? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of core does nuclear matter occur in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has Strange matter been definitely proven to occur as? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The spectrum emitted by a blackbody radiator at temperatures of incandescent bulbs does not match the sensitivity characteristics of the human eye; the light emitted does not appear white, and most is not in the range of wavelengths at which the eye is most sensitive. Tungsten filaments radiate mostly infrared radiation at temperatures where they remain solid – below 3,695 K (3,422 °C; 6,191 °F). Donald L. Klipstein explains it this way: "An ideal thermal radiator produces visible light most efficiently at temperatures around 6,300 °C (6,600 K; 11,400 °F). Even at this high temperature, a lot of the radiation is either infrared or ultraviolet, and the theoretical luminous efficacy (LER) is 95 lumens per watt." No known material can be used as a filament at this ideal temperature, which is hotter than the sun's surface. An upper limit for incandescent lamp luminous efficacy (LER) is around 52 lumens per watt, the theoretical value emitted by tungsten at its melting point. Question: At what temperature does a thermal radiator most efficiently produce light? Answer: 6,300 °C Question: What is the upper limit for LER of an incandescent lamp? Answer: 52 lumens per watt Question: What type of radiation makes up the majority of tungsten filament emissions? Answer: infrared radiation Question: What is the flaw in the color of light produced by an incandescent bulb? Answer: the light emitted does not appear white, Question: What is the theoretical LER value of tungsten at its melting point? Answer: 52 lumens per watt Question: What appears white to the human eye when it is emitted? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the lower limit for LER of an incandescent lamp? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does not radiate mostly infrared radiation at temperatures where they remain solid? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is not infrared or ultraviolet? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What known material can be used as a filament at 95 lumens per watt? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium. Question: When did John Jenkins become the president of Notre Dame? Answer: 2005 Question: In terms of the amount of presidents Notre Dame has had, where is John Jenkins on the list? Answer: 17th Question: Who was the Notre Dame president that preceded John Jenkins? Answer: Malloy Question: Which arena was constructed under Jenkins at Notre Dame? Answer: Compton Family Ice Arena Question: How much money was spent on enhancing Notre Dame Stadium under John Jenkins? Answer: $400m
Context: In 1937, Popper finally managed to get a position that allowed him to emigrate to New Zealand, where he became lecturer in philosophy at Canterbury University College of the University of New Zealand in Christchurch. It was here that he wrote his influential work The Open Society and its Enemies. In Dunedin he met the Professor of Physiology John Carew Eccles and formed a lifelong friendship with him. In 1946, after the Second World War, he moved to the United Kingdom to become reader in logic and scientific method at the London School of Economics. Three years later, in 1949, he was appointed professor of logic and scientific method at the University of London. Popper was president of the Aristotelian Society from 1958 to 1959. He retired from academic life in 1969, though he remained intellectually active for the rest of his life. In 1985, he returned to Austria so that his wife could have her relatives around her during the last months of her life; she died in November that year. After the Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft failed to establish him as the director of a newly founded branch researching the philosophy of science, he went back again to the United Kingdom in 1986, settling in Kenley, Surrey. Question: Where did Popper move in 1937? Answer: New Zealand Question: Where was Popper's academic appointment in New Zealand? Answer: Canterbury University College of the University of New Zealand Question: Which lifelong friend did Popper make in Dunedin? Answer: John Carew Eccles Question: What philosophical fields did Popper teach at the London School of Economics? Answer: logic and scientific method Question: Which Austrian school's failure to give Popper a directorship prompted him to return to the United Kingdom at the end of his life? Answer: Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft Question: What year did Popper become a lecturer in biology? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the title of John Carew Eccles's influential work? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What month was Popper's wife born in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did John Carew Eccles move to the United Kingdom? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What university was Popper appointed a professor of astronomy at? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The area north of the Congo River came under French sovereignty in 1880 as a result of Pierre de Brazza's treaty with Makoko of the Bateke. This Congo Colony became known first as French Congo, then as Middle Congo in 1903. In 1908, France organized French Equatorial Africa (AEF), comprising Middle Congo, Gabon, Chad, and Oubangui-Chari (the modern Central African Republic). The French designated Brazzaville as the federal capital. Economic development during the first 50 years of colonial rule in Congo centered on natural-resource extraction. The methods were often brutal: construction of the Congo–Ocean Railroad following World War I has been estimated to have cost at least 14,000 lives. Question: When did the French take control of the region to the north of the Congo River? Answer: 1880 Question: Who brokered a traty with the Makoko people? Answer: Pierre de Brazza Question: What was the French Congo's name changed to in 1903? Answer: Middle Congo Question: What group of French colonies was created in 1908? Answer: French Equatorial Africa Question: How many people are estimated to have died as a result of the creation of the Congo-Ocean Railroad? Answer: 14,000 Question: When did the area south of the Congo River come under French sovereignty? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Middle Congo become known as French Congo? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Bateke designate as the federal capital? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did economic development during the first 50 years of colonial rule ignore? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many lives were lost building the Congo-Ocean Railroad before World War I? Answer: Unanswerable

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