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DB00792
|
Tripelennamine
|
A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat asthma; HAY fever; urticaria; and rhinitis; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically.
|
solid
|
Used for the symptomatic relief of hypersensitivity reactions, coughs, and the common cold.
|
Used to treat the effects of colds and allergies. Tripelennamine is an antihistamine. Histamine, acting on H<sub>1</sub>-receptors, produces pruritis, vasodilatation, hypotension, flushing, headache, tachycardia, and bronchoconstriction. Histamine also increases vascular permeability and potentiates pain. Tripelennamine is a histamine H1 antagonist. It competes with histamine for the normal H<sub>1</sub>-receptor sites on effector cells of the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels and respiratory tract. It provides effective, temporary relief of sneezing, watery and itchy eyes, and runny nose due to hay fever and other upper respiratory allergies.
|
Tripelennamine binds to the histamine H1 receptor. This blocks the action of endogenous histamine, which subsequently leads to temporary relief of the negative symptoms brought on by histamine.
|
Well absorbed in the digestive tract.
|
Hepatic
|
Symptoms of overdose include clumsiness or unsteadiness, convulsions, drowsiness, dryness of mouth, nose, or throat, feeling faint, flushing or redness of face, hallucinations, muscle spasms (especially of neck and back), restlessness, shortness of breath or troubled breathing, shuffling walk, tic-like movements of head and face, trembling and shaking of hands and trouble in sleeping.
| null | null | null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Benzenoids
|
Benzene and substituted derivatives
|
Benzylamines
|
[
"approved",
"vet_approved"
] |
[
"R06AC",
"R06A",
"R06",
"R",
"D04AA",
"D04A",
"D04",
"D"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "7.35",
"description": "Tripelennamine hcl powder",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "9.94",
"description": "Tripelennamine powder",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "0.03",
"description": "Dehistine syrup",
"unit": "ml"
}
] |
[] |
Tripelennamin | Tripelennamina | Tripelennamine | Tripélennamine | Tripelennaminum | H1-R | H1R | HH1R | 1.14.14.- | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2DL1 | CYPIID6 | Cytochrome P450-DB1 | Debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase
|
[
"Bug Bite Balm",
"Pyribenzamine Tab 50mg",
"Vagin-X",
"Vaginex W Tripelennamine Crm 2%"
] |
[
"Azaron",
"Pyribenzamine",
"Tripel"
] |
[] |
[
"P35367"
] |
[
"P10635"
] |
[
"P02768"
] |
[] |
DB00793
|
Haloprogin
|
Haloprogin is used as a topical ointment or cream in the treatment of Tinea infections. Tinea infections are superficial fungal infections caused by three species of fungi collectively known as dermatophytes (Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton). Commonly these infections are named for the body part affected, including tinea corporis (general skin), tinea cruris (groin), and tinea pedis (feet). Haloprogin is a halogenated phenolic ether administered topically for dermotaphytic infections. The mechanism of action is unknown, but it is thought to be via inhibition of oxygen uptake and disruption of yeast membrane structure and function. Haloprogin is no longer available in the United States and has been discontinued.
|
solid
|
Used to treat fungal (Tinea) skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm, and tinea versicolor.
|
Used as a topical ointment or cream in the treatment of Tinea infections. Tinea infections are superficial fungal infections caused by three species of fungi collectively known as dermatophytes (Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton). Commonly these infections are named for the body part affected, including tinea corporis (general skin), tinea cruris (groin), and tinea pedis (feet).
|
Haloprogin is a halogenated phenolic ether administered topically for dermotaphytic infections. The mechanism of action is unknown, but is thought to be via inhibition of oxygen uptake and disruption of yeast membrane structure and function. There is a higher incidence of cutaneous side effects with haloprogin, including irritation, burning, vesiculation (blisters), scaling, and itching. It is generally used when the infection is unresponsive to other antifungals.
| null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Benzenoids
|
Phenol ethers
| null |
[
"approved",
"withdrawn"
] |
[
"D01AE",
"D01A",
"D01",
"D"
] |
[
"Dermatophytic fungi including Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.53",
"description": "Halotin 1% cream",
"unit": "g"
}
] |
[] |
Haloprogin | Haloprogina | Haloprogine | Haloproginum
|
[] |
[
"Aloprogen",
"Halotex",
"Mycanden",
"Mycilan",
"Polik"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00794
|
Primidone
|
Primidone is an anticonvulsant used to treat essential tremor as well as grand mal, psychomotor, and focal epileptic seizures.[L11112] Primidone was developed by J Yule Bogue and H C Carrington in 1949.[A189522]
Primidone was granted FDA Approval on 8 March 1954.[L11112]
|
solid
|
Primidone is commonly indicated for the management of grand mal, psychomotor, and focal epileptic seizures.[L4645,L11112] In addition, it has also been studied and utilized as an effective management of essential tremor.[A39414,A39415,L4645]
|
Primidone alters sodium and calcium channel transport, reducing the frequency of nerve firing, which may be responsible for its effect on convulsions and essential tremor.[A35660] Primidone has a wide therapeutic window as doses of 50-1000mg/day were effective.[A35660] Patients should be counselled regarding the risk of status epilepticus with abrupt cessation of primidone.[L11112]
|
Primidone and its metabolites, phenobarbital and phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA), are active anticonvulsants.[A35660] Primidone does not directly interact with GABA-A receptors or chloride channels but phenobarbital does.[A35660] Primidone alters transmembrane sodium and calcium channel transport, reducing the frequency of nerve firing, which may be responsible for the primidone’s effect on convulsions and essential tremor.[A35660]
|
Oral primidone is up to 80% bioavailable with a T<sub>max</sub> if 2-4h.[A35660,A189486] A 500mg oral dose of primidone Reaches a C<sub>max</sub> of 2.7±0.4µg/mL with a T<sub>max</sub> of 0.5-7h.[A189492] Data regarding the AUC of primidone is not readily available.[L11112]
|
Primidone is metabolized to phenobarbitol and phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA).[A35126] This metabolism is largely mediated by CYP2C9,[A185927,A35660,A189477] CYP2C19,[A38649,A185927,A189477] and CYP2E1.[A185927,A189477]
|
The oral LD<sub>50</sub> in rats is 1500mg/kg and in mice is 280mg/kg.[L11199] The intraperitoneal LD<sub>50</sub> in rats was 240mg/kg and in mice was 332mg/kg.[L11199]
Patients experiencing a primidone overdose may present with CNS depression, coma, respiratory depression, suppressed reflexes, suppressed response to pain, hypotension, and decreased urine output.[A189510] Overdose should be treated with symptomatic and supportive treatment, including the removal of unabsorbed drug.[A189510]
|
The half life of primidone is 7-22h in adults, 5-11h in children, and 8-80h in newborns.[A189486]
|
Primidone is 10.78-13.70% protein bound in serum.[A189447]
|
Primidone is 72.9-80.6% recovered in urine.[A189507]
|
The volume of distribution of primidone is 0.5-0.8L/kg.[A189477,A189486]
|
Primidone is cleared at a rate of 30mL/min.[A189492]
|
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Diazines
|
Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives
|
[
"approved",
"vet_approved"
] |
[
"N05CB",
"N05C",
"N05",
"N",
"N03AA",
"N03A",
"N03",
"N"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.02",
"description": "Primidone 250 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.26",
"description": "Mysoline 50 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "6.52",
"description": "Mysoline 250 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "10.56",
"description": "Primidone powder",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "0.06",
"description": "Apo-Primidone 125 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.09",
"description": "Apo-Primidone 250 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.51",
"description": "Primidone 50 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
}
] |
[] |
2-deoxyphenobarbital | 5-Phenyl-5-ethyl-Hexahydropyrimidine-4,6-dione | Primidon | Primidona | Primidone | Primidonum | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-2 | GABAAR subunit alpha-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-3 | GABAAR subunit alpha-3 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-4 | GABAAR subunit alpha-4 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-5 | GABAAR subunit alpha-5 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-6 | GABAAR subunit alpha-6 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-1 | GABAAR subunit alpha-1 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-2 | GABAAR subunit alpha-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-3 | GABAAR subunit alpha-3 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-4 | GABAAR subunit alpha-4 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-5 | GABAAR subunit alpha-5 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-6 | GABAAR subunit alpha-6 | GABA(A) receptor subunit beta-1 | GABAAR subunit beta-1 | GABA(A) receptor subunit beta-2 | GABAAR subunit beta-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit beta-3 | GABAAR subunit beta-3 | GABA(A) receptor subunit delta | GABAAR subunit delta | GABA(A) receptor subunit epsilon | GABAAR subunit epsilon | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-1 | GABAAR subunit gamma-1 | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-2 | GABAAR subunit gamma-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-3 | GABAAR subunit gamma-3 | GABA(A) receptor subunit pi | GABAAR subunit pi | GABA(A) receptor subunit theta | GABAAR subunit theta | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-1 | GABAAR subunit alpha-1 | NACRA4 | NACHRA7 | AMPA-selective glutamate receptor 2 | GluA2 | GluR-2 | GluR-B | GluR-K2 | GLUR2 | Glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 2 | EAA4 | Excitatory amino acid receptor 4 | GluK2 | GluR-6 | GLUR6 | Glutamate receptor 6 | (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2C10 | CYPIIC9 | Cytochrome P-450MP | Cytochrome P450 MP-4 | Cytochrome P450 MP-8 | Cytochrome P450 PB-1 | S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIC17 | CYPIIC19 | Cytochrome P450-11A | Cytochrome P450-254C | Fenbendazole monooxygenase (4'-hydroxylating) | Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | 1.14.14.1 | 4-nitrophenol 2-hydroxylase | CYP2E | CYPIIE1 | Cytochrome P450-J | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYPIA2 | Cytochrome P(3)450 | Cytochrome P450 4 | Cytochrome P450-P3 | Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase | 2.4.1.17 | GNT1 | Phenol-metabolizing UDP-glucuronosyltransferase | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-F | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A6 | UDPGT 1-6 | UGT-1F | UGT1 | UGT1-06 | UGT1.6 | UGT1*6 | UGT1F | 2.4.1.17 | Bilirubin-specific UDPGT isozyme 1 | GNT1 | hUG-BR1 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A isoform 1 | UDPGT 1-1 | UGT1 | UGT1-01 | UGT1.1 | UGT1*1 | UGT1A1 | 2.4.1.17 | GNT1 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-10 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-J | UDPGT 1-10 | UGT-1J | UGT1 | UGT1-10 | UGT1.10 | UGT1*10 | UGT1A10 | UGT1J | 2.4.1.17 | GNT1 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-C | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A isoform 3 | UDPGT 1-3 | UGT-1C | UGT1 | UGT1-03 | UGT1.3 | UGT1*3 | UGT1A3 | UGT1C | 2.4.1.17 | Bilirubin-specific UDPGT isozyme 2 | GNT1 | hUG-BR2 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-D | UDPGT 1-4 | UGT-1D | UGT1 | UGT1-04 | UGT1.4 | UGT1*4 | UGT1A4 | UGT1D | 2.4.1.17 | GNT1 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-7 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-G | UDPGT 1-7 | UGT-1G | UGT1 | UGT1-07 | UGT1.7 | UGT1*7 | UGT1A7 | UGT1G | 2.4.1.17 | GNT1 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-8 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-H | UDPGT 1-8 | UGT-1H | UGT1 | UGT1-08 | UGT1.8 | UGT1*8 | UGT1A8 | UGT1H | 2.4.1.17 | GNT1 | lugP4 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-I | UDPGT 1-9 | UGT-1I | UGT1 | UGT1-09 | UGT1.9 | UGT1*9 | UGT1A9 | UGT1I | 2.4.1.17 | HLUG4 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B8 | UDPGT 2B15 | UDPGT 2B8 | UDPGTh-3 | UGT2B15 | UGT2B8 | 2.4.1.17 | HLUG25 | Hyodeoxycholic acid-specific UDPGT | UDPGT 2B4 | UDPGTh-1 | UGT2B11 | UGT2B4 | 2.4.1.17 | 3,4-catechol estrogen-specific UDPGT | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B9 | UDPGT 2B7 | UDPGT 2B9 | UDPGTh-2 | UGT2B7 | UGTB2B9 | KIAA1616 | Long transient receptor potential channel 3 | LTrpC-3 | LTRPC3 | Melastatin-2 | MLSN2
|
[
"Mysoline",
"Mysoline",
"Mysoline 250mg Tab",
"Mysoline Pediatric Chewable Tablets 125mg",
"Mysoline Tab 125mg",
"Mysoline Tab 250mg",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone",
"Primidone 125 Tab",
"Primidone 250 Tab",
"Sertan Tab 125mg",
"Sertan Tab 250mg"
] |
[
"Liskantin",
"Mizodin",
"Mylepsinum",
"Pridona",
"Primid",
"Prysoline",
"Sertan"
] |
[] |
[
"P47869",
"P34903",
"P48169",
"P31644",
"Q16445",
"P14867",
"P47869",
"P34903",
"P48169",
"P31644",
"Q16445",
"P18505",
"P47870",
"P28472",
"O14764",
"P78334",
"Q8N1C3",
"P18507",
"Q99928",
"O00591",
"Q9UN88",
"P14867",
"P43681",
"P36544",
"P42262",
"Q13002"
] |
[
"P11712",
"P33261",
"P05181",
"P08684",
"P05177",
"P19224",
"P22309",
"Q9HAW8",
"P35503",
"P22310",
"Q9HAW7",
"Q9HAW9",
"O60656",
"P54855",
"P06133",
"P16662"
] |
[] |
[
"Q9HCF6"
] |
DB00795
|
Sulfasalazine
|
Sulfasalazine is an anti-inflammatory drug structurally related to salicylates and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It is indicated for managing inflammatory diseases such as ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).[L39065, A255582] Metabolized by intestinal bacteria, sulfasalazine is broken down into [mesalazine] and [sulfapyridine], 2 compounds that carry out the main pharmacological activity of sulfasalazine.[A255582]
Sulfasalazine was first used in 1940 for rheumatic polyarthritis, and has been firmly established itself as one fo the most useful disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD).[A255582] Compared to the first line treatment of RA like methotrexate, sulfasalazine is almost as efficacious as methotrexate although with slightly less tolerability. However, sulfasalazine has less teratogenic side effects and faster onset of action compared to conventional DMARD.[A255582] Sulfasalazine fell out of favor as the drug of choice for RA due to poorly designed clinical trials in 1950 but regained interest from the clinical community in the late 1970.[A255582]
Although sulfasalazine is only approved by the FDA for ulcerative colitis, research have shown that sulfasalazine is also beneficial for patients with Crohn's disease.[A255592] Meta-analysis of 19 randomized controlled trials indicated that sulfasalazine is superior to placebo in inducing remission; however, with no supported evidence of mucosal healing, sulfasalazine is not FDA-recommmended for treatment of Crohn's disease.[A255597,A255602,A255607]
|
solid
|
In the US, sulfasalazine is indicated to treat mild to moderate ulcerative colitis and to prolong the remission period between acute attacks of ulcerative colitis.[L39065] Sulfasalazine is also indicated as an adjunct therapy in severe ulcerative colitis.[L39065]For the delayed-release tablet formulation, sulfasalazine is also indicated to treat rheumatoid arthritis in pediatric patients who have responded inadequately to salicylates or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or polyarticular-course juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with the same patients' characteristics.[L39065]
|
The mode of action of sulfasalazine or its metabolites, 5-aminosalicylic acid and sulfapyridine, is still under investigation but may be related to the anti-inflammatory and/or immunomodulatory properties that have been observed in animal and <i>in vitro</i> models, to its affinity for connective tissue, and/or to the relatively high concentration it reaches in serous fluids, the liver, and intestinal walls, as demonstrated in autoradiographic studies in animals. In ulcerative colitis, clinical studies utilizing rectal administration of sulfasalazine, sulfapyridine, and 5-aminosalicylic acid have indicated that the major therapeutic action may reside in the 5-aminosalicylic acid moiety. The relative contribution of the parent drug and the major metabolites in rheumatoid arthritis is unknown.[L39065]
|
Although the exact mechanism of action of sulfasalazine is not fully understood, it is thought to be mediated through the inhibition of various inflammatory molecules.[L44478] Research have found that sulfasalazine and its metabolites, mesalazine and sulfapyridine, can inhibit leukotrienes and prostaglandins by blocking the cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase pathway.[A255143] Specific enzymes that were investigated include phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase.[A16801,A10316,A4391,A10319] Inhibitory activities on other non-arachidonic acid derivatives have also been observed, including PPAR gamma, NF-Kb, and IkappaB kinases alpha and beta.[A16799,A16797,A255577,A255138]
|
Following oral administration of 1 g of sulfasalazine to 9 healthy males, less than 15% of a dose of sulfasalazine is absorbed as the parent drug. Detectable serum concentrations of sulfasalazine have been found in healthy subjects within 90 minutes after ingestion. Maximum concentrations of sulfasalazine occur between 3 and 12 hours post-ingestion, with the mean peak concentration (6 μg/mL) occurring at 6 hours.[L39065]
|
In the intestine, sulfasalazine is metabolized by intestinal bacteria to sulfapyridine and 5-aminosalicylic acid. Of the two species, sulfapyridine is relatively well absorbed from the intestine and highly metabolized, while 5-aminosalicylic acid is much less well absorbed.[L39065]Approximately 15% of a dose of sulfasalazine is absorbed as the parent drug and is metabolized to some extent in the liver to the same two species.[L39065]Sulfapyridine can also be metabolized to 5-hydroxysulfapyridine and N-acetyl-5-hydroxy sulfapyridine. 5-aminosalicylic acid is primarily metabolized in both the liver and intestine to N-acetyl-5 aminosalicylic acid via a non-acetylation phenotype-dependent route.[L39065]
|
Two-year oral carcinogenicity studies were conducted in male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. Sulfasalazine was tested at 84 (496 mg/m2), 168 (991 mg/m2), and 337.5 (1991 mg/m2) mg/kg/day doses in rats. A statistically significant increase in the incidence of urinary bladder transitional cell papillomas was observed in male rats. In female rats, two (4%) of the 337.5 mg/kg rats had transitional cell papilloma of the kidney. The increased incidence of neoplasms in the urinary bladder and kidney of rats
was also associated with an increase in renal calculi formation and hyperplasia of transitional cell epithelium. For the mouse study, sulfasalazine was tested at 675 (2025 mg/m2), 1350 (4050 mg/m2), and 2700 (8100 mg/m2) mg/kg/day. The incidence of hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma in male and female mice was significantly greater than the control at all doses tested.[L39065]
Sulfasalazine did not show mutagenicity in the bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test) and in L51784 mouse lymphoma cell assay at the HGPRT gene. However, sulfasalazine showed an equivocal mutagenic response in the micronucleus assay of mouse
and rat bone marrow and mouse peripheral RBC and in the sister chromatid exchange, chromosomal aberration, and micronucleus assays in lymphocytes obtained from humans.[L39065]
Impairment of male fertility was observed in reproductive studies performed in rats at a dose of 800 mg/kg/day (4800 mg/m2). Oligospermia and infertility have been described in men treated with sulfasalazine. Withdrawal of the drug appears to reverse these effects.[L39065]
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of sulfasalazine in pregnant women. Reproduction studies have been performed in rats and rabbits at doses up to 6 times the human maintenance dose of 2 g/day based on body surface area and have revealed no evidence of impaired female fertility or harm to the fetus due to sulfasalazine. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.[L39065]
There have been case reports of neural tube defects (NTDs) in infants born to mothers who were exposed to sulfasalazine during pregnancy, but the role of sulfasalazine in these defects has not been established. However, oral sulfasalazine inhibits the absorption and metabolism of folic acid which may interfere with folic acid supplementation (see Drug Interactions) and diminish the effect of periconceptional folic acid supplementation that has been shown to decrease the risk of NTDs.[L39065]
A national survey evaluated the outcome of pregnancies associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In a group of 186 women treated with sulfasalazine alone or sulfasalazine and concomitant steroid therapy, the incidence of fetal morbidity and mortality was comparable to that for 245 untreated IBD pregnancies as well as to pregnancies in the general population. A study of 1,455 pregnancies associated with exposure to sulfonamides indicated that this group of drugs, including sulfasalazine, did
not appear to be associated with fetal malformation. A review of the medical literature covering 1,155 pregnancies in women with ulcerative colitis suggested that the outcome was similar to that expected in the general population.[L39065]
No clinical studies have been performed to evaluate the effect of sulfasalazine on the growth development and functional maturation of children whose mothers received the drug during pregnancy.[L39065]
|
The observed plasma half-life for intravenous sulfasalazine is 7.6 ± 3.4 hours.[L39065]In fast acetylators, the mean plasma half-life of sulfapyridine is 10.4 hours while in slow acetylators, it is 14.8 hours.[L39065]Due to low plasma levels produced by
5-aminosalicylic acid after oral administration, reliable estimates of plasma half-life are not possible.[L39065]
|
Sulfasalazine is highly bound to albumin (>99.3%) while sulfapyridine is only about 70% bound to albumin. Acetylsulfapyridine, the principal metabolite of sulfapyridine, is approximately 90% bound to plasma proteins.[L39065]
|
Absorbed sulfapyridine and 5-aminosalicylic acid and their metabolites are primarily eliminated in the urine either as free metabolites or as glucuronide conjugates. The majority of 5-ASA stays within the colonic lumen and is excreted as 5-aminosalicylic acid and acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid in the feces.[L39065]
|
Following intravenous injection, the calculated volume of distribution for sulfasalazine was 7.5 ± 1.6 L.[L39065]
|
The calculated clearance of sulfasalazine following intravenous administration was 1 L/hr. Renal clearance was estimated to account for 37% of total clearance.[L39065]
|
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Azobenzenes
| null |
[
"approved"
] |
[
"G01AE",
"G01A",
"G01",
"G",
"A07EC",
"A07E",
"A07",
"A"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "2.14",
"description": "Sulfasalazine powder",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "0.22",
"description": "Pms-Sulfasalazine 500 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.25",
"description": "Sulfasalazine 500 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.25",
"description": "Sulfazine 500 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.28",
"description": "Salazopyrin 500 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.34",
"description": "Pms-Sulfasalazine 500 mg Enteric-Coated Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.4",
"description": "Sulfasalazine 500 mg Enteric Coated Tabs",
"unit": "tab"
},
{
"cost": "0.45",
"description": "Salazopyrin En-Tabs 500 mg Enteric-Coated Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.59",
"description": "Azulfidine 500 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.69",
"description": "Azulfidine entab 500 mg",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.73",
"description": "Azulfidine EN-tabs 500 mg Enteric Coated Tabs",
"unit": "tab"
}
] |
[] |
2-Hydroxy-5-((4-((2-pyridinylamino)sulfonyl)phenyl)azo)benzoic acid | 2-Hydroxy-5-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfamoyl)-phenylazo]-benzoic acid | 4-(Pyridyl-2-amidosulfonyl)-3'-carboxy-4'-hydroxyazobenzene | 5-((p-(2-Pyridylsulfamoyl)phenyl)azo)salicylic acid | 5-(4-(2-Pyridylsulfamoyl)phenylazo)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid | 5-(p-(2-Pyridylsulfamyl)phenylazo)salicylic acid | Azopyrin | Salazosulfapiridina | Salazosulfapyridine | Salazosulfapyridinum | Salicylazosulfapyridine | Sulfasalazin | Sulfasalazina | Sulfasalazine | Sulfasalazinum | 7.6.2.2 | ABCP | ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 | BCRP | BCRP1 | Breast cancer resistance protein | CDw338 | Mitoxantrone resistance-associated protein | MXR | Placenta-specific ATP-binding cassette transporter | Urate exporter | I-Rel | NFKB3 | Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p65 subunit | Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 3 | 1.13.11.- | 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LO | Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | LOG5 | 1.14.99.1 | COX-2 | COX2 | Cyclooxygenase-2 | PGH synthase 2 | PGHS-2 | PHS II | Prostaglandin H2 synthase 2 | Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 | 1.14.99.1 | COX-1 | COX1 | Cyclooxygenase-1 | PGH synthase 1 | PGHS-1 | PHS 1 | Prostaglandin H2 synthase 1 | Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 | 2.3.1.9 | ACAT | Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase | MAT | T2 | 3.1.1.4 | Group IB phospholipase A2 | Phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase 1B | PLA2 | PLA2A | PPLA2 | 2.7.11.10 | I-kappa-B kinase 2 | I-kappa-B-kinase beta | IkBKB | IKK-2 | IKK-B | IKK-beta | IKK2 | IKKB | NFKBIKB | Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B inhibitor kinase beta | Serine/threonine protein kinase IKBKB | Amino acid transport system xc- | Calcium channel blocker resistance protein CCBR1 | Solute carrier family 7 member 11 | xCT | DNA-binding factor KBF1 | EBP-1 | Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 | DNA-binding factor KBF2 | H2TF1 | Lymphocyte translocation chromosome 10 protein | LYT10 | Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 2 | Oncogene Lyt-10 | 2.7.11.10 | Conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase | I-kappa-B kinase 1 | I-kappa-B kinase alpha | IkappaB kinase | IkBKA | IKK-1 | IKK-A | IKK-alpha | IKK1 | IKKA | NFKBIKA | Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B inhibitor kinase alpha | TCF-16 | TCF16 | Transcription factor 16 | NR1C3 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 3 | PPAR-gamma | 7.6.2.2 | ABCP | ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 | BCRP | BCRP1 | Breast cancer resistance protein | CDw338 | Mitoxantrone resistance-associated protein | MXR | Placenta-specific ATP-binding cassette transporter | Urate exporter | 7.6.2.- | 7.6.2.2 | 7.6.2.3 | Canalicular multidrug resistance protein | Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 | CMOAT | CMOAT1 | CMRP | MRP2 | Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 | G21 | HCP1 | Heme carrier protein 1 | hPCFT | HsPCFT | PCFT | PCFT/HCP1 | Solute carrier family 46 member 1 | Liver-specific organic anion transporter 1 | LST-1 | LST1 | OATP-2 | OATP-C | OATP1B1 | OATP2 | OATPC | Organic anion transporter SLC21A6 | SLC21A6 | SLCO1B1 | Sodium-independent organic anion-transporting polypeptide 2 | Solute carrier family 21 member 6 | Liver-specific organic anion transporter 2 | LST-2 | LST2 | OATP-8 | OATP1B3 | OATP8 | Organic anion transporter 8 | Organic anion-transporting polypeptide 8 | SLC21A8 | Solute carrier family 21 member 8 | KIAA0880 | OATP-B | OATP-RP2 | OATP2B1 | OATPB | OATPRP2 | Organic anion transporter B | Organic anion transporter polypeptide-related protein 2 | Organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 | SLC21A9 | Solute carrier family 21 member 9 | Cell growth-inhibiting gene 29 protein | Na(+)/bile acid cotransporter | Na(+)/taurocholate transport protein | NTCP | SLC10A1 | Sodium/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide | Solute carrier family 10 member 1
|
[
"Apo Sulfasalazine Tab 500mg",
"Azulfidine",
"Azulfidine",
"Azulfidine EN-tabs",
"Jamp Sulfasalazine",
"Orb-sulfasalazine EC",
"PMS-sulfasalazine 500mg/tab USP",
"PMS-sulfasalazine-E.C. Tab 500mg",
"Ratio-sulfasalazine En",
"Ratio-sulfasalazine Tab 500mg",
"S.A.S. Enteric 500mg",
"Salazopyrin En-tabs 500 mg",
"Salazopyrin Enema 3.0gm/100ml",
"Salazopyrin Enema 3gm/100ml",
"Salazopyrin Tab 500mg",
"Sas Enema 3gm/100ml",
"Sas Tab 500mg",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulfasalazine Delayed-Release",
"Sulfasalazine EC"
] |
[
"Asasurfan",
"Azulfdidina",
"Azulfin",
"Bomecon",
"Colo-Pleon",
"Disalazin",
"Eminapyrin",
"Flogostop",
"Iwata",
"Lanofen",
"Lazafin",
"Pleon",
"Pyralin EN",
"Reumazin",
"Saaz",
"Saaz-DS",
"Salasopyrine",
"Salazar",
"Salazidin",
"Salazine",
"Salazopirina",
"Salazoprin",
"Salazopyrin",
"Salazopyrin EN",
"Salazopyrin EN-Tabs",
"Sulcolon",
"Sulfacol",
"Weiliufen",
"Zopyrin"
] |
[] |
[
"Q9UNQ0",
"Q01201",
"Q04206",
"Q04864",
"P09917",
"P35354",
"P23219",
"P24752",
"P04054",
"O14920",
"Q9UPY5",
"P19838",
"Q00653",
"O15111",
"P37231"
] |
[] |
[
"P02768"
] |
[
"Q9UNQ0",
"Q92887",
"Q96NT5",
"Q9Y6L6",
"Q9NPD5",
"O94956",
"Q14973"
] |
DB00796
|
Candesartan cilexetil
|
Candesartan is an angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) that may be used alone or with other agents to treat hypertension. It is administered orally as the prodrug, candesartan cilexetil, which is rapidly converted to its active metabolite, candesartan, during absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Candesartan lowers blood pressure by antagonizing the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS); it competes with angiotensin II for binding to the type-1 angiotensin II receptor (AT1) subtype and prevents the blood pressure increasing effects of angiotensin II. Unlike angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, ARBs do not have the adverse effect of dry cough. Candesartan may be used to treat hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy and diabetic nephropathy. It may also be used as an alternative agent for the treatment of heart failure, systolic dysfunction, myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease.
|
solid
|
May be used as a first line agent to treat uncomplicated hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. May be used as a first line agent to delay progression of diabetic nephropathy. Candesartan may be also used as a second line agent in the treatment of congestive heart failure, systolic dysfunction, myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease in those intolerant of ACE inhibitors.
|
Candesartan cilexetil is an ARB prodrug that is rapidly converted to candesartan, its active metabolite, during absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Candesartan confers blood pressure lowering effects by antagonizing the hypertensive effects of angiotensin II via the RAAS. RAAS is a homeostatic mechanism for regulating hemodynamics, water and electrolyte balance. During sympathetic stimulation or when renal blood pressure or blood flow is reduced, renin is released from granular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidneys. Renin cleaves circulating angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, which is cleaved by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II increases blood pressure by increasing total peripheral resistance, increasing sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys via aldosterone secretion, and altering cardiovascular structure. Angiotensin II binds to two receptors: type-1 angiotensin II receptor (AT1) and type-2 angiotensin II receptor (AT2). AT1 is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) that mediates the vasoconstrictive and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II. Studies performed in recent years suggest that AT2 antagonizes AT1-mediated effects and directly affects long-term blood pressure control by inducing vasorelaxation and increasing urinary sodium excretion. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are non-peptide competitive inhibitors of AT1. ARBs block the ability of angiotensin II to stimulate pressor and cell proliferative effects. Unlike ACE inhibitors, ARBs do not affect bradykinin-induced vasodilation. The overall effect of ARBs is a decrease in blood pressure.
|
Candesartan selectively blocks the binding of angiotensin II to AT1 in many tissues including vascular smooth muscle and the adrenal glands. This inhibits the AT1-mediated vasoconstrictive and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II and results in an overall decrease in blood pressure. Candesartan is greater than 10,000 times more selective for AT1 than AT2. Inhibition of aldosterone secretion may increase sodium and water excretion while decreasing potassium excretion.
|
Following administration of the candesartan cilexetil prodrug, the absolute bioavailability of candesartan was estimated to be 15%. Food with a high fat content has no effect on the bioavailability of candesartan from candesartan cilexetil.
|
The prodrug candesartan cilexetil undergoes rapid and complete ester hydrolysis in the intestinal wall to form the active drug, candesartan. Elimination of candesartan is primarily as unchanged drug in the urine and, by the biliary route, in the feces. Minor hepatic metabolism of candesartan (<20%) occurs by O-deethylation via cytochrome P450 2C9 to form an inactive metabolite. Candesartan undergoes N-glucuronidation in the tetrazole ring by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A3 (UGT1A3). O-glucuronidation may also occur. 75% of candesartan is excreted as unchanged drug in urine and feces.
|
No lethality was observed in acute toxicity studies in mice, rats and dogs given single oral doses of up to 2000 mg/kg of candesartan cilexetil or in rats given single oral doses of up to 2000 mg/kg of candesartan cilexetil in combination with 1000 mg/kg of hydrochlorothiazide. In mice given single oral doses of the primary metabolite, candesartan, the minimum lethal dose was greater than 1000 mg/kg but less than 2000 mg/kg.
|
Approximately 9 hours.
|
Candesartan is highly bound to plasma proteins (>99%) and does not penetrate red blood cells.
|
When candesartan is administered orally, about 26% of the dose is excreted unchanged in urine. Candesartan is mainly excreted unchanged in urine and feces (via bile).
|
* 0.13 L/kg
|
* 0.37 mL/min/kg
|
Organic compounds
|
Benzenoids
|
Benzene and substituted derivatives
|
Biphenyls and derivatives
|
[
"approved"
] |
[] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.28",
"description": "Atacand 16 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.28",
"description": "Atacand 32 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.28",
"description": "Atacand 8 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "2.44",
"description": "Atacand 4 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "2.44",
"description": "Atacand 8 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "2.49",
"description": "Atacand 16 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "3.36",
"description": "Atacand 32 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "3.36",
"description": "Atacand hct 16-12.5 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "3.43",
"description": "Atacand hct 32-12.5 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "3.64",
"description": "Atacand hct 32-25 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "74.96",
"description": "Atacand 30 8 mg tablet Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "75.98",
"description": "Atacand 30 4 mg tablet Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "1996-07-09",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2014-01-09",
"number": "5534534"
},
{
"approved": "1998-01-06",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2011-04-18",
"number": "5705517"
},
{
"approved": "2003-12-09",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2012-11-19",
"number": "2083305"
},
{
"approved": "1998-02-03",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2011-04-22",
"number": "2040955"
}
] |
Candesartan cilexetil | AGTR1A | AGTR1B | Angiotensin II type-1 receptor | AT1 receptor | AT1AR | AT1BR | AT2R1 | AT2R1B | (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2C10 | CYPIIC9 | Cytochrome P-450MP | Cytochrome P450 MP-4 | Cytochrome P450 MP-8 | Cytochrome P450 PB-1 | S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIC8 | Cytochrome P450 form 1 | Cytochrome P450 IIC2 | Cytochrome P450 MP-12 | Cytochrome P450 MP-20 | S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | 2.4.1.17 | GNT1 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-C | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A isoform 3 | UDPGT 1-3 | UGT-1C | UGT1 | UGT1-03 | UGT1.3 | UGT1*3 | UGT1A3 | UGT1C | 1.14.99.1 | COX-1 | COX1 | Cyclooxygenase-1 | PGH synthase 1 | PGHS-1 | PHS 1 | Prostaglandin H2 synthase 1 | Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 | ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 | MDR1 | Multidrug resistance protein 1 | P-glycoprotein 1 | PGY1 | Phospholipid transporter ABCB1
|
[
"Accel-candesartan",
"Accel-candesartan",
"Accel-candesartan",
"Accel-candesartan",
"Accel-candesartan/hctz",
"Accel-candesartan/hctz",
"Accel-candesartan/hctz",
"Ach-candesartan",
"Ach-candesartan",
"Ach-candesartan",
"Ach-candesartan",
"Act Candesartan",
"Act Candesartan",
"Act Candesartan",
"Act Candesartan",
"Act Candesartan/hct",
"Ag-candesartan",
"Ag-candesartan",
"Ag-candesartan",
"Ag-candesartan",
"Ag-candesartan HCT",
"Ag-candesartan HCT",
"Ag-candesartan HCT",
"Ag-candesartan Tablets",
"Ag-candesartan Tablets",
"Ag-candesartan Tablets",
"Apo-candesartan",
"Apo-candesartan",
"Apo-candesartan",
"Apo-candesartan",
"Apo-candesartan Tablets",
"Apo-candesartan Tablets",
"Apo-candesartan Tablets",
"Apo-candesartan Tablets",
"Apo-candesartan/hctz",
"Apo-candesartan/hctz",
"Apo-candesartan/hctz",
"Atacand",
"Atacand",
"Atacand",
"Atacand",
"Atacand",
"Atacand",
"Atacand",
"Atacand",
"Atacand",
"Atacand",
"Atacand",
"Atacand",
"Atacand",
"Atacand",
"Atacand",
"Atacand",
"Atacand",
"Atacand",
"Atacand",
"Atacand",
"Atacand",
"Atacand",
"Atacand",
"Atacand HCT",
"Atacand HCT",
"Atacand HCT",
"Atacand HCT",
"Atacand HCT",
"Atacand HCT",
"Atacand HCT",
"Atacand HCT",
"Atacand HCT",
"Atacand Plus",
"Atacand Plus",
"Atacand Plus",
"Auro-candesartan",
"Auro-candesartan",
"Auro-candesartan",
"Auro-candesartan",
"Auro-candesartan HCT",
"Auro-candesartan HCT",
"Auro-candesartan HCT",
"Bio-candesartan",
"Bio-candesartan",
"Bio-candesartan",
"Bio-candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan Cilexetil",
"Candesartan Cilexetil",
"Candesartan Cilexetil",
"Candesartan Cilexetil",
"Candesartan Cilexetil",
"Candesartan Cilexetil",
"Candesartan Cilexetil",
"Candesartan Cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan Cilexetil",
"Candesartan Cilexetil",
"Candesartan Cilexetil",
"Candesartan Cilexetil",
"Candesartan Cilexetil",
"Candesartan Cilexetil",
"Candesartan Cilexetil",
"Candesartan Cilexetil",
"Candesartan Cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan Cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan Cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide Tablets",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide Tablets",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide Tablets",
"Candesartan Cilexetil-Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil-Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil-Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan HCT",
"Candesartan-hctz",
"Candesartan/hctz",
"Candesartan/hctz",
"Candesartan/hctz",
"Dom-candesartan",
"Dom-candesartan",
"Dom-candesartan",
"Dom-candesartan",
"Ipg-candesartan",
"Ipg-candesartan",
"Ipg-candesartan",
"Ipg-candesartan",
"Jamp Candesartan-hct",
"Jamp Candesartan-hct",
"Jamp Candesartan-hct",
"Jamp-candesartan",
"Jamp-candesartan",
"Jamp-candesartan",
"Jamp-candesartan",
"Mar-candesartan / Hctz",
"Mar-candesartan / Hctz",
"Mar-candesartan / Hctz",
"Mint-candesartan",
"Mint-candesartan",
"Mint-candesartan",
"Mint-candesartan",
"Mylan-candesartan",
"Mylan-candesartan",
"Mylan-candesartan",
"Mylan-candesartan",
"Mylan-candesartan Hctz",
"Mylan-candesartan Hctz",
"Mylan-candesartan Hctz",
"Nra-candesartan",
"Nra-candesartan",
"Nra-candesartan",
"Nra-candesartan",
"Nra-candesartan Hctz",
"Nra-candesartan Hctz",
"Nra-candesartan Hctz",
"Ntp-candesartan",
"Ntp-candesartan",
"Ntp-candesartan",
"PMS-candesartan",
"PMS-candesartan",
"PMS-candesartan",
"PMS-candesartan",
"PMS-candesartan-hctz",
"Priva-candesartan",
"Priva-candesartan",
"Priva-candesartan",
"Priva-candesartan",
"Q-candesartan",
"Q-candesartan",
"Q-candesartan",
"Q-candesartan",
"Riva-candesartan",
"Riva-candesartan",
"Riva-candesartan",
"Riva-candesartan",
"Sandoz Candesartan",
"Sandoz Candesartan",
"Sandoz Candesartan",
"Sandoz Candesartan",
"Sandoz Candesartan",
"Sandoz Candesartan Plus",
"Sandoz Candesartan Plus",
"Sandoz Candesartan Plus",
"Septa-candesartan",
"Septa-candesartan",
"Septa-candesartan Hctz",
"Septa-candesartan Hctz",
"Taro-candesartan",
"Taro-candesartan",
"Taro-candesartan",
"Taro-candesartan",
"Teva-candesartan",
"Teva-candesartan",
"Teva-candesartan",
"Teva-candesartan/hctz",
"Teva-candesartan/hctz",
"Teva-candesartan/hctz",
"Zinda-candesartan",
"Zinda-candesartan",
"Zinda-candesartan/hydrochlorothiazide",
"Zinda-candesartan/hydrochlorothiazide"
] |
[
"Amias",
"Blopress"
] |
[
"Atacand HCT",
"Atacand HCT",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil-Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil-Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil-Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Atacand HCT",
"Atacand HCT",
"Atacand HCT",
"Atacand HCT",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Atacand HCT",
"Atacand HCT",
"Atacand HCT",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Atacand Plus",
"Sandoz Candesartan Plus",
"Atacand Plus",
"Atacand Plus",
"Act Candesartan/hct",
"PMS-candesartan-hctz",
"Candesartan-hctz",
"Candesartan/hctz",
"Candesartan HCT",
"Teva-candesartan/hctz",
"Teva-candesartan/hctz",
"Sandoz Candesartan Plus",
"Sandoz Candesartan Plus",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Zinda-candesartan/hydrochlorothiazide",
"Zinda-candesartan/hydrochlorothiazide",
"Septa-candesartan Hctz",
"Septa-candesartan Hctz",
"Teva-candesartan/hctz",
"Apo-candesartan/hctz",
"Apo-candesartan/hctz",
"Apo-candesartan/hctz",
"Auro-candesartan HCT",
"Auro-candesartan HCT",
"Auro-candesartan HCT",
"Mylan-candesartan Hctz",
"Mylan-candesartan Hctz",
"Mylan-candesartan Hctz",
"Mar-candesartan / Hctz",
"Mar-candesartan / Hctz",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide Tablets",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide Tablets",
"Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide Tablets",
"Mar-candesartan / Hctz",
"Accel-candesartan/hctz",
"Accel-candesartan/hctz",
"Accel-candesartan/hctz",
"Jamp Candesartan-hct",
"Jamp Candesartan-hct",
"Jamp Candesartan-hct",
"Ag-candesartan HCT",
"Ag-candesartan HCT",
"Ag-candesartan HCT",
"Nra-candesartan Hctz",
"Nra-candesartan Hctz",
"Nra-candesartan Hctz",
"Candesartan/hctz",
"Candesartan/hctz"
] |
[
"P30556"
] |
[
"P11712",
"P10632",
"P35503",
"P23219"
] |
[] |
[
"P08183"
] |
DB00797
|
Tolazoline
|
A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.
|
solid
|
For the treatment of pulmonary artery anomalies
|
Tolazoline is a pulmonary vasodilator indicated used to decrease pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN).
|
Vasodilation by means of a direct effect on peripheral vascular smooth muscle and indirect effects produced, in part, by release of endogenous histamine; tolazoline has moderate alpha-adrenergic blocking activity and has histamine agonist activity. Tolazoline usually reduces pulmonary arterial pressure and vascular resistance.
| null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Benzenoids
|
Benzene and substituted derivatives
| null |
[
"approved",
"vet_approved"
] |
[
"M02AX",
"M02A",
"M02",
"M",
"C04AB",
"C04A",
"C04",
"C"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[] |
[] |
2-Benzyl-2-imidazoline | 2-Benzyl-4,5-imidazoline | 2-Benzylimidazoline | 4,5-Dihydro-2-(phenylmethyl)-1H-imidazole | Benzazoline | Tolazolin | Tolazolina | Tolazoline | Tolazolinum | ADRA1C | Alpha-1A adrenoceptor | Alpha-1A adrenoreceptor | Alpha-1C adrenergic receptor | Alpha-adrenergic receptor 1c | Dopamine D2 receptor | ADRA2R | ADRAR | Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor subtype C10 | Alpha-2A adrenoceptor | Alpha-2A adrenoreceptor | Alpha-2AAR | H1-R | H1R | HH1R | Gastric receptor I | H2R | HH2R | ADRA2L2 | ADRA2RL2 | Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor subtype C4 | Alpha-2C adrenoceptor | Alpha-2C adrenoreceptor | Alpha-2CAR | ADRA2L1 | ADRA2RL1 | Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor subtype C2 | Alpha-2B adrenoceptor | Alpha-2B adrenoreceptor | Alpha-2BAR
|
[
"Priscoline hydrochloride"
] |
[
"Divascol",
"Imidalin",
"Tolazine"
] |
[] |
[
"P35348",
"P14416",
"P08913",
"P35367",
"P25021",
"P18825",
"P18089"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00799
|
Tazarotene
|
Tazarotene, commonly marketed as Tazorac®, Avage®, and Zorac®, is member of the acetylenic class of retinoids. It is a prodrug that is found in topical formulations used in the treatment of various conditons, such as psoriasis, acne, and sun damaged skin (photodamage).
|
solid
|
Used to treat psoriasis, acne and sun damaged skin (photodamage).
|
Following topical application, tazarotene undergoes esterase hydrolysis to form its active metabolite, tazarotenic acid. When treating acne tazarotene may be taken in conjunction with an oral antibiotic. Tazarotene has been shown in peer-reviewed double blinded studies to reduce: mottling and hyperpigmentation, sallowness, fine wrinkling and coarse wrinkling in sun damaged skin. Histological studies have shown that long term (greater than 1 year) use of Tazarotene is associated with a significant reduction in atypical melanocytes and keratocytes - cells considered to be precursors of skin cancer. Some studies have shown long term use of Tazarotene to be associated with increased collagen production and better organization of skin collagen bundles.
|
Although the exact mechanism of tazarotene action is not known, studies have shown that the active form of the drug (tazarotenic acid) binds to all three members of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) family: RARa, RARb, and RARg, but shows relative selectivity for RARb, and RARg and may modify gene expression. It also has affinity for RXR receptors.
|
Minimal systemic absorption of tazarotene occurs due to its rapid metabolism in the skin to the active metabolite, tazarotenic acid, which can be systemically absorbed and further metabolized. Gender had no influence on the systemic bioavailability of tazarotenic acid.
|
Undergoes esterase hydrolysis in skin to form its active metabolite, tazarotenic acid. Tazarotenic acid is further metabolized in skin and, after systemic absorption, hepatically metabolized to sulfoxides, sulfones, and other polar products for elimination.
|
Excessive topical use may lead to marked redness, peeling, or discomfort. Oral ingestion of the drug may affect liver function causing hypertriglyceridemia. Other symptoms may include conjunctival irritation, hair loss, headache, edema, fatigue, dermatitis, nausea, and visual disturbances. Oral administration of this material to rats and rabbits at doses of 0.20 mg/kg/day (rabbits) and 0.25 mg/kg/day (rats) resulted in developmental toxicity. A no effect level of 0.05 mg/kg/day was established. Similar teratogenic effects have been reported for other retinoid compounds.
|
The half-life of the active form of the drug, tazarotenic acid, is approximately 18 hours in normal and psoriatic patients.
|
The active form of the drug, tazarotenic acid, is highly bound to plasma proteins (>99%).
|
Tazarotene and tazarotenic acid were metabolized to sulfoxides, sulfones and other polar metabolites which were eliminated through urinary and fecal pathways.
| null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Lipids and lipid-like molecules
|
Prenol lipids
|
Retinoids
|
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[
"D05AX",
"D05A",
"D05",
"D",
"D05AX",
"D05A",
"D05",
"D"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.49",
"description": "Tazorac 0.05 % Gel",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "1.49",
"description": "Tazorac 0.1 % Gel",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "5.26",
"description": "Tazorac 0.05% cream",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "5.59",
"description": "Tazorac 0.1% cream",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "180.39",
"description": "Tazorac 0.05% Cream 30 gm Tube",
"unit": "tube"
},
{
"cost": "180.39",
"description": "Tazorac 0.05% Gel 30 gm Tube",
"unit": "tube"
},
{
"cost": "191.64",
"description": "Tazorac 0.1% Gel 30 gm Tube",
"unit": "tube"
},
{
"cost": "191.64",
"description": "Tazorac 30 gm Tube .1% 30 gm Tube",
"unit": "tube"
},
{
"cost": "360.72",
"description": "Tazorac 60 gm Tube .05% 60 gm Tube",
"unit": "tube"
},
{
"cost": "383.22",
"description": "Tazorac 60 gm Tube .1% 60 gm Tube",
"unit": "tube"
},
{
"cost": "601.14",
"description": "Tazorac 0.05% Gel 100 gm Tube",
"unit": "tube"
},
{
"cost": "638.75",
"description": "Tazorac 0.1% Gel 100 gm Tube",
"unit": "tube"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "1999-06-22",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2014-06-07",
"number": "5914334"
},
{
"approved": "1992-02-18",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2011-06-13",
"number": "5089509"
},
{
"approved": "2004-08-10",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2015-08-10",
"number": "2191773"
},
{
"approved": "2014-08-19",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2030-02-24",
"number": "8808716"
},
{
"approved": "2014-08-19",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2031-11-02",
"number": "8809307"
},
{
"approved": "2003-02-11",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2020-08-03",
"number": "6517847"
},
{
"approved": "2019-04-09",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2036-06-06",
"number": "10251895"
},
{
"approved": "2019-11-19",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2031-11-02",
"number": "10478502"
},
{
"approved": "2019-10-01",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2036-06-06",
"number": "10426787"
},
{
"approved": "2020-02-25",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2030-02-24",
"number": "10568859"
},
{
"approved": "2020-06-23",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2030-02-24",
"number": "10688071"
},
{
"approved": "2018-05-11",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2038-05-11",
"number": "11311482"
},
{
"approved": "2016-06-06",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2036-06-06",
"number": "11679115"
},
{
"approved": "2016-06-06",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2036-06-06",
"number": "11648256"
},
{
"approved": "2016-06-06",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2036-06-06",
"number": "11679116"
},
{
"approved": "2011-11-02",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2031-11-02",
"number": "11839656"
},
{
"approved": "2011-11-02",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2031-11-02",
"number": "11986527"
},
{
"approved": "2011-11-02",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2031-11-02",
"number": "11957753"
},
{
"approved": "2011-11-02",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2031-11-02",
"number": "12076403"
}
] |
Tazarotene | Tazarotène | Tazaroteno | Tazarotenum | NR1B1 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group B member 1 | RAR-alpha | NR2B2 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group B member 2 | Retinoid X receptor beta | NR1B3 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group B member 3 | RAR-gamma | HAP | HBV-activated protein | NR1B2 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group B member 2 | RAR-beta | RAR-epsilon | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIC8 | Cytochrome P450 form 1 | Cytochrome P450 IIC2 | Cytochrome P450 MP-12 | Cytochrome P450 MP-20 | S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase
|
[
"011312 Niacinamide 4% / Tazarotene 0.05%",
"Arazlo",
"Arazlo",
"Avage",
"Clindamycin 1% / Niacinamide 2% / Tazarotene 0.05%",
"Duobrii",
"Duobrii",
"Fabior",
"Fabior",
"Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt 0.5% / Tazarotene 0.05%",
"Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt 0.5% / Tazarotene 0.1%",
"Niacinamide 4% / Tazarotene 0.05%",
"Niacinamide 4% / Tazarotene 0.1%",
"Niacinamide 4% / Tazarotene 0.1%",
"Tazarotene",
"Tazarotene",
"Tazarotene",
"Tazarotene",
"Tazarotene",
"Tazarotene",
"Tazarotene",
"Tazarotene",
"Tazarotene",
"Tazarotene",
"Tazarotene",
"Tazarotene",
"Tazarotene",
"Tazarotene",
"Tazarotene",
"Tazarotene",
"Tazarotene",
"Tazarotene",
"Tazarotene Cream",
"Tazorac",
"Tazorac",
"Tazorac",
"Tazorac",
"Tazorac",
"Tazorac",
"Tazorac",
"Tazorac",
"Tazorac",
"Tazorac",
"Tazorac",
"Tazorac",
"Tazorac",
"Tazorac",
"Tazorac",
"Tazorac"
] |
[
"Zorac"
] |
[
"Niacinamide 4% / Tazarotene 0.05%",
"Niacinamide 4% / Tazarotene 0.1%",
"Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt 0.5% / Tazarotene 0.1%",
"Niacinamide 4% / Tazarotene 0.1%",
"Clindamycin 1% / Niacinamide 2% / Tazarotene 0.05%",
"Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt 0.5% / Tazarotene 0.05%",
"Duobrii",
"011312 Niacinamide 4% / Tazarotene 0.05%",
"Duobrii"
] |
[
"P10276",
"P28702",
"P13631",
"P10826"
] |
[
"P10632"
] |
[] |
[] |
DB00800
|
Fenoldopam
|
A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.
|
solid
|
For the in-hospital, short-term (up to 48 hours) management of severe hypertension when rapid, but quickly reversible, emergency reduction of blood pressure is clinically indicated, including malignant hypertension with deteriorating end-organ function.
|
Fenoldopam is an agonist at D<sub>1</sub>-like dopamine receptors, binds to α<sub>2</sub>-adrenoceptors, increasing renal blood flow.
|
Fenoldopam is a rapid-acting vasodilator. It is an agonist for D<sub>1</sub>-like dopamine receptors and binds with moderate affinity to α<sub>2</sub>-adrenoceptors. It has no significant affinity for D<sub>2</sub>-like receptors, α<sub>1</sub> and β-adrenoceptors, 5<sub>HT1</sub> and 5<sub>HT2</sub> receptors, or muscarinic receptors. Fenoldopam is a racemic mixture with the R-isomer responsible for the biological activity. The R-isomer has approximately 250-fold higher affinity for D<sub>1</sub>-like receptors than does the S-isomer. In non-clinical studies, fenoldopam had no agonist effect on presynaptic D<sub>2</sub>-like dopamine receptors, or α or β -adrenoceptors, nor did it affect angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. Fenoldopam may increase norepinephrine plasma concentration.
| null |
Elimination is largely by conjugation, without participation of cytochrome P-450 enzymes. Methylation, glucuronidation, and sulfation are the main routes of conjugation.
|
The most likely reaction of overdose would be excessive hypotension which should be treated with drug discontinuation and appropriate supportive measures.
|
The elimination half-life is about 5 minutes in mild to moderate hypertensives, with little difference between the R (active) and S isomers.
| null |
Radiolabeled studies show that about 90% of infused fenoldopam is eliminated in urine, 10% in feces.
Elimination is largely by conjugation, without participation of cytochrome P-450 enzymes. Only 4% of the administered dose is excreted unchanged.
| null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Benzazepines
| null |
[
"approved"
] |
[
"C01CA",
"C01C",
"C01",
"C"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "81.9",
"description": "Corlopam 10 mg/ml ampul",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "213.75",
"description": "Fenoldopam 10 mg/ml ampule",
"unit": "ml"
}
] |
[] |
Fénoldopam | Fenoldopam | Fenoldopamum | D(5) dopamine receptor | D1beta dopamine receptor | Dopamine D5 receptor | DRD1B | DRD1L2 | Dopamine D1 receptor | Alpha-1B adrenoceptor | Alpha-1B adrenoreceptor | ADRA1A | Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor | Alpha-1D adrenoceptor | Alpha-1D adrenoreceptor | Alpha-adrenergic receptor 1a | ADRA1C | Alpha-1A adrenoceptor | Alpha-1A adrenoreceptor | Alpha-1C adrenergic receptor | Alpha-adrenergic receptor 1c | ADRA2L1 | ADRA2RL1 | Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor subtype C2 | Alpha-2B adrenoceptor | Alpha-2B adrenoreceptor | Alpha-2BAR | ADRA2L2 | ADRA2RL2 | Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor subtype C4 | Alpha-2C adrenoceptor | Alpha-2C adrenoreceptor | Alpha-2CAR | ADRA2R | ADRAR | Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor subtype C10 | Alpha-2A adrenoceptor | Alpha-2A adrenoreceptor | Alpha-2AAR
|
[
"Corlopam",
"Corlopam",
"Fenoldopam Mesylate",
"Fenoldopam Mesylate",
"Fenoldopam Mesylate"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"P21918",
"P21728",
"P35368",
"P25100",
"P35348",
"P18089",
"P18825",
"P08913"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00801
|
Halazepam
|
Halazepam is a _benzodiazepine_ derivative drug exerting anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, a muscle relaxing effects.[A1212, A178114] It has been shown to be less toxic than chlordiazepoxide or diazepam.[A1212] This drug is no longer marketed in the United States, and was withdrawn by _Schering_, its manufacturer, in 2009.[L6226, L6229]
|
solid
|
Used to relieve anxiety, nervousness, and tension associated with anxiety disorders.
| null |
Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors BNZ1, which mediates sleep, and BNZ2, which affects affects muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, motor coordination, and memory. As benzodiazepine receptors are thought to be coupled to gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors, this enhances the effects of GABA by increasing GABA affinity for the GABA receptor. Binding of GABA to the site opens the chloride channel, resulting in a hyperpolarized cell membrane that prevents further excitation of the cell.
| null |
Hepatic.
| null | null | null | null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Benzodiazepines
|
1,4-benzodiazepines
|
[
"approved",
"illicit",
"withdrawn"
] |
[
"N05BA",
"N05B",
"N05",
"N"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[] |
[] |
Halazépam | Halazepam | Halazepamum | BZRP | MBR | Mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor | PBR | Peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor | PKBS | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-1 | GABAAR subunit alpha-1 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-2 | GABAAR subunit alpha-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-3 | GABAAR subunit alpha-3 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-4 | GABAAR subunit alpha-4 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-5 | GABAAR subunit alpha-5 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-6 | GABAAR subunit alpha-6 | GABA(A) receptor subunit beta-1 | GABAAR subunit beta-1 | GABA(A) receptor subunit beta-2 | GABAAR subunit beta-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit beta-3 | GABAAR subunit beta-3 | GABA(A) receptor subunit delta | GABAAR subunit delta | GABA(A) receptor subunit epsilon | GABAAR subunit epsilon | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-1 | GABAAR subunit gamma-1 | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-2 | GABAAR subunit gamma-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-3 | GABAAR subunit gamma-3 | GABA(A) receptor subunit pi | GABAAR subunit pi | GABA(A) receptor subunit theta | GABAAR subunit theta | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-1 | GABAAR subunit alpha-1 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-2 | GABAAR subunit alpha-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-3 | GABAAR subunit alpha-3 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-5 | GABAAR subunit alpha-5 | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-1 | GABAAR subunit gamma-1 | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-2 | GABAAR subunit gamma-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-3 | GABAAR subunit gamma-3
|
[] |
[
"Alapryl",
"Pacinone",
"Paxipam"
] |
[] |
[
"P30536",
"P14867",
"P47869",
"P34903",
"P48169",
"P31644",
"Q16445",
"P18505",
"P47870",
"P28472",
"O14764",
"P78334",
"Q8N1C3",
"P18507",
"Q99928",
"O00591",
"Q9UN88",
"P14867",
"P47869",
"P34903",
"P31644",
"Q8N1C3",
"P18507",
"Q99928"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00802
|
Alfentanil
|
A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of fentanyl. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.
|
solid
|
For the management of postoperative pain and the maintenance of general anesthesia.
|
Alfentanil is a synthetic opioid analgesic. Alfentanil interacts predominately with the opioid mu-receptor. These mu-binding sites are discretely distributed in the human brain, spinal cord, and other tissues. In clinical settings, alfentanil exerts its principal pharmacologic effects on the central nervous system. Its primary actions of therapeutic value are analgesia and sedation. Alfentanil may increase the patient's tolerance for pain and decrease the perception of suffering, although the presence of the pain itself may still be recognized. In addition to analgesia, alterations in mood, euphoria and dysphoria, and drowsiness commonly occur. Alfentanil depresses the respiratory centers, depresses the cough reflex, and constricts the pupils.
|
Opiate receptors are coupled with G-protein receptors and function as both positive and negative regulators of synaptic transmission via G-proteins that activate effector proteins. Binding of the opiate stimulates the exchange of GTP for GDP on the G-protein complex. As the effector system is adenylate cyclase and cAMP located at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, opioids decrease intracellular cAMP by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. Subsequently, the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine and noradrenaline is inhibited. Opioids also inhibit the release of vasopressin, somatostatin, insulin and glucagon. Alfentanil's analgesic activity is, most likely, due to its conversion to morphine. Opioids close N-type voltage-operated calcium channels (OP2-receptor agonist) and open calcium-dependent inwardly rectifying potassium channels (OP3 and OP1 receptor agonist). This results in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability.
|
For intravenous injection or infusion only.
|
The liver is the major site of biotransformation.
|
Symptoms of overexposure include characteristic rigidity of the skeletal muscles, cardiac and respiratory depression, and narrowing of the pupils.
|
90-111 minutes
|
92%
|
Only 1.0% of the dose is excreted as unchanged drug; urinary excretion is the major route of elimination of metabolites.
|
* 0.4 to 1 L/kg
|
* 5 mL/kg/min
|
Organic compounds
|
Benzenoids
|
Benzene and substituted derivatives
|
Anilides
|
[
"approved",
"illicit"
] |
[
"N01AH",
"N01A",
"N01",
"N"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "5.26",
"description": "Alfenta 500 mcg/ml ampul",
"unit": "ml"
}
] |
[] |
Alfentanil | Alfentanilo | Alfentanilum | Alfentanyl | N-(1-(2-(4-Ethyl-5-oxo-2-tetrazolin-1-yl)ethyl)-4-(methoxymethyl)-4-piperidyl)propionanilide | hMOP | M-OR-1 | MOP | MOR-1 | MOR1 | Mu opiate receptor | Mu opioid receptor | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIIA5 | Cytochrome P450-PCN3 | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIIA7 | Cytochrome P450-HFLA | P450HLp2 | AGP 1 | AGP1 | OMD 1 | Orosomucoid-1 | ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 | MDR1 | Multidrug resistance protein 1 | P-glycoprotein 1 | PGY1 | Phospholipid transporter ABCB1
|
[
"Alfenta",
"Alfenta Inj 500mcg/ml",
"Alfentanil",
"Alfentanil Hydrochloride",
"Alfentanil Hydrochloride",
"Alfentanil Injection USP"
] |
[
"Rapifen"
] |
[] |
[
"P35372"
] |
[
"P08684",
"P20815",
"P24462"
] |
[
"P02763",
"P02768"
] |
[
"P08183"
] |
DB00803
|
Colistin
|
Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.
|
solid
|
For the treatment of acute or chronic infections due to sensitive strains of certain gram-negative bacilli, particularly <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>.
|
Colistin is a polymyxin antibiotic agent. Polymyxins are cationic polypeptides that disrupt the bacterial cell membrane through a detergentlike mechanism. With the development of less toxic agents, such as extended-spectrum penicillins and cephalosporins, parenteral polymyxin use was largely abandoned, except for the treatment of multidrug-resistant pulmonary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. More recently, however, the emergence of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria, such as <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, and the lack of new antimicrobial agents have led to the revived use of the polymyxins.
|
Colistin is a surface active agent which penetrates into and disrupts the bacterial cell membrane. Colistin is polycationic and has both hydrophobic and lipophilic moieties. It interacts with the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, changing its permeability. This effect is bactericidal. There is also evidence that polymyxins enter the cell and precipitate cytoplasmic components, primarily ribosomes.
|
Very poor absorption from gastrointestinal tract.
|
As 80% of the dose can be recovered unchanged in the urine, and there is no biliary excretion, it can be assumed that the remaining drug is inactivated in the tissues, however the mechanism is unknown.
|
Oral LD<sub>50</sub> in rats is 5450 mg/kg. Overdosage with colistimethate can cause neuromuscular blockade characterized by paresthesia, lethargy, confusion, dizziness, ataxia, nystagmus, disorders of speech and apnea. Respiratory muscle paralysis may lead to apnea, respiratory arrest and death.
|
5 hours
| null | null | null | null |
Organic Compounds
|
Organic Acids
|
Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
|
Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"J01XB",
"J01X",
"J01",
"J",
"A07AA",
"A07A",
"A07",
"A"
] |
[
"Gram-negative bacilli"
] |
[
{
"cost": "49.17",
"description": "Coly-Mycin S 3.3-3-10 mg/ml Suspension 5ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "513.26",
"description": "Colistin sulfate powder",
"unit": "each"
}
] |
[] |
Colimycin | Colistin | Colistina | Colistine | Colistinum | Kolimycin | Polymyxin E | 2.5.1.15 | dhpS | Dihydropteroate pyrophosphorylase
|
[
"Coly-Mycin S",
"Coly-Mycin S",
"Coly-Mycin S",
"Cortisporin TC",
"Cortisporin-TC",
"Cortisporin-TC"
] |
[
"Alfacolin",
"Alficetin",
"ColiFin",
"Colimicina",
"Colimycine",
"Coliracin",
"Colistate",
"Colomycin",
"Coly-Mycin",
"Diarönt mono",
"Promixin",
"Tadim",
"Walamycin"
] |
[
"Cortisporin-TC",
"Coly-Mycin S",
"Coly-Mycin S",
"Cortisporin TC",
"Coly-Mycin S",
"Cortisporin-TC"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00804
|
Dicyclomine
|
Dicyclomine is a muscarinic M1, M3, and M2 receptor antagonist as well as a non-competitive inhibitor of histamine and bradykinin used to treat spasms of the intestines seen in functional bowel disorder and irritable bowel syndrome.[A6556,A182555,A234659,L7967] Though it is commonly prescribed, its recommendation may have been based on a small amount of evidence and so its prescription is becoming less favourable.[L7982]
Dicyclomine was granted FDA approval on 11 May 1950.[L7967]
|
solid
|
Dicyclomine is indicated for the treatment of functional bowel disorder and irritable bowel syndrome.[L7967]
|
Dicyclomine is an anticholinergic drug used to relax the smooth muscles of the intestines.[L7967] It's duration of action is not especially long as it is usually taken 4 times daily with individual doses of 20-40mg orally or 10-20mg by intramuscular injection.[L7967] Dicyclomine should not be administered intravenously.[L7967]
|
Dicyclomine achieves its action partially through direct antimuscarinic activity of the M1, M3, and M2 receptors; and partially through antagonism of bradykinin and histamine.[A6556,A182555,A234659,L7967] Dicyclomine non-competitively inhibits the action of bradykinin and histamine, resulting in direct action on the smooth muscle, and decreased strength of contractions seen in spasms of the ileum.[A182555]
|
The bioavailability of dicyclomine has not been determined,[A182534] though it is likely well absorbed as the primary route of elimination is in the urine.[A182525,L7967] Dicyclomine has a T<sub>max</sub> of 1-1.5h.[L7967]
|
The metabolism of dicyclomine has not been well researched.[A182525]
|
Patients experiencing an overdose may present with headache, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, dilated pupils, dizziness, dry mouth, difficulty swallowing, CNS stimulation, as well as hot, dry skin.[L7967] Treat patients with gastric lavage, emetics, activated charcoal, sedatives for excitement, and a cholinergic agent if indicated.[L7967]
The oral LD<sub>50</sub> in mice is 625mg/kg.[L7967]
|
The mean plasma elimination half life is approximately 1.8 hours.[A182525,L7967]
|
Data regarding plasma protein binding of dicyclomine is not readily available.[L7967]
|
Dicyclomine is 79.5% eliminated in the urine and 8.4% in the feces.[A182525,L7967]
|
The volume of distribution for a 20mg oral dose is 3.65L/kg.[L7967]
|
Data regarding the clearance of dicyclomine is not readily available.[L7967]
|
Organic compounds
|
Organic acids and derivatives
|
Carboxylic acids and derivatives
|
Carboxylic acid derivatives
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"A03AA",
"A03A",
"A03",
"A"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.0",
"description": "Dicyclomine hcl powder",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "3.41",
"description": "Dicyclomine Hydrochloride 10 mg/ml",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "8.58",
"description": "Dicyclomine 10 mg/ml vial",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "12.28",
"description": "Bentyl 10 mg/ml ampul",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.06",
"description": "Bentylol 2 mg/ml Syrup",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.1",
"description": "Dicyclomine HCl 10 mg/5ml Solution",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.12",
"description": "Bentylol 10 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.15",
"description": "Bentyl 10 mg/5ml Syrup",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.23",
"description": "Bentylol 20 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.31",
"description": "Dicyclomine 20 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.4",
"description": "Dicyclomine HCl 20 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.47",
"description": "Dicyclomine HCl 10 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "0.75",
"description": "Bentyl 20 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.79",
"description": "Bentyl 10 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
}
] |
[] |
2-(diethylamino)ethyl 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylate | Bicyclohexyl-1-carboxylic acid 2-diethylamino-ethyl ester | Dicicloverina | Dicyclomine | Dicycloverin | Dicycloverine | Dicycloverinum
|
[
"Bentyl",
"Bentyl",
"Bentyl",
"Bentyl",
"Bentyl",
"Bentyl",
"Bentylol",
"Bentylol Dospan 30mg",
"Bentylol Inj 10mg/ml",
"Bentylol Tablet 10mg",
"Bentylol Tablet 20mg",
"Diclophen",
"Dicyclomine",
"Dicyclomine",
"Dicyclomine",
"Dicyclomine",
"Dicyclomine",
"Dicyclomine",
"Dicyclomine",
"Dicyclomine",
"Dicyclomine",
"Dicyclomine",
"Dicyclomine",
"Dicyclomine",
"Dicyclomine",
"Dicyclomine",
"Dicyclomine",
"Dicyclomine",
"Dicyclomine",
"Dicyclomine",
"Dicyclomine",
"Dicyclomine",
"Dicyclomine",
"Dicyclomine",
"Dicyclomine",
"Dicyclomine",
"Dicyclomine",
"Dicyclomine Cap 10mg",
"Dicyclomine HCl",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine hydrochloride",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride Injection USP",
"Dicyclomine Hydrochloride USP",
"Formulex Cap 10mg",
"Jamp-dicyclomine HCl",
"Jamp-dicyclomine HCl",
"Protylol",
"Protylol Tab 20mg",
"Riva-dicyclomine",
"Spasmo Nil Tab",
"Viscerol Cap 10mg"
] |
[
"Byclomine",
"Di-Spaz",
"Dibent",
"Dilomine",
"Dyspas",
"Merbentyl"
] |
[
"Spasmo Nil Tab",
"Diclophen"
] |
[
"P11229",
"P20309",
"P08172"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00805
|
Minaprine
|
Minaprine is a psychotropic drug which has proved to be effective in the treatment of various depressive states. Like most antidepressants minaprine antagonizes behavioral despair. Minaprine is an amino-phenylpyridazine antidepressant reported to be relatively free of cardiotoxicity, drowsiness, and weight gain.
|
solid
|
For the treatment of depression
|
Minaprine is an amino-phenylpyridazine antidepressant reported to be relatively free of cardiotoxicity, drowsiness, and weight gain. Similar to other antidepressant treatments, minaprine attenuates the beta-adrenergic receptor function. Studies have also shown that minaprine improves memory consolidation and that repeated drug administration leads to potentiation of this effect. Moreover, the effects of minaprine on memory consolidation are related to its dopaminergic action.
|
Minaprine binds to serotonin type 2 receptors and to dopamine D1 and D2 type receptors. It also binds to the serotonin reuptake pump. Therefore, minaprine blocks the reuptake of both dopamine and serotonin. It is also, to a slight degree, cholinomimetic. Thus it may exhibit both mood-brightening and nootropic properties. It also acts as a reversible inhibitor of MAO-A (RIMA).It has also been found to inhibit acetylcholinesterase.
| null |
Hepatic. Cytochrome P4502D is responsible for the 4-hydroxylation of minaprine to 4-hydroxyminaprine.
| null | null | null | null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Diazines
|
Pyridazines and derivatives
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"N06AX",
"N06A",
"N06",
"N"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[] |
[] |
4-(2-((4-Methyl-6-phenyl-3-pyridazinyl)amino)ethyl)morpholine | 4-Methyl-3-(2-morpholinoethylamino)-6-phenylpyridazin | Minaprina | Minaprine | Minaprinum | N-(4-Methyl-6-phenyl-3-pyridazinyl)-4-morpholineethanamine | 1.4.3.21 | 1.4.3.4 | MAO-A | Monoamine oxidase type A | 5-HT-2B | 5-HT2B | Serotonin receptor 2B | 5-HT-2 | 5-HT-2A | HTR2 | Serotonin receptor 2A | 5-HT-1C | 5-HT-2C | 5-HT1C | 5-HT2C | 5-HTR2C | 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1C | HTR1C | Serotonin receptor 2C | 3.1.1.7 | AChE | 5HT transporter | 5HTT | HTT | SERT | Solute carrier family 6 member 4 | Dopamine D1 receptor | Dopamine D2 receptor | 1.14.14.- | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2DL1 | CYPIID6 | Cytochrome P450-DB1 | Debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase
|
[] |
[
"Cantor"
] |
[] |
[
"P21397",
"P41595",
"P28223",
"P28335",
"P22303",
"P31645",
"P21728",
"P14416",
"P11229"
] |
[
"P10635"
] |
[] |
[] |
DB00806
|
Pentoxifylline
|
Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a synthetic dimethylxanthine derivative that modulates the rheological properties of blood and also has both anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.[A226415, L30300] Although originally developed to treat intermittent claudication, a form of exertion-induced leg pain common in patients with peripheral arterial disease, PTX has been investigated for its possible use in diverse conditions, including osteoradionecrosis, diabetic kidney disease, and generally any condition associated with fibrosis.[A226410, A226415, A226455] More recently, PTX has been suggested as a possible treatment for COVID-19-induced pulmonary complications due to its ability to regulate the production of inflammatory cytokines.[A226608]
Pentoxifylline has been marketed in Europe since 1972; PTX extended-release tablets sold under the trade name TRENTAL by US Pharm Holdings were first approved by the FDA on Aug 30, 1984, but have since been discontinued. A branded product, PENTOXIL, marketed by Upsher-Smith Laboratories, and generic forms marketed by Valeant Pharmaceuticals and APOTEX have been available since the late 1990s.[L30300]
|
solid
|
Pentoxifylline is indicated for the treatment of intermittent claudication in patients with chronic occlusive arterial disease. Pentoxifylline may improve limb function and reduce symptoms but cannot replace other therapies such as surgical bypass or removal of vascular obstructions.[L30300]
|
Pentoxifylline, a synthetic dimethylxanthine derivative structurally related to [theophylline] and [caffeine], exhibits hemorheological, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory properties and is traditionally indicated in the treatment of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). In PAD patients with concurrent cerebrovascular and coronary artery diseases, pentoxifylline treatment has occasionally been associated with angina, arrhythmia, and hypotension. Concurrent use with [warfarin] should be associated with more frequent monitoring of prothrombin times. Also, patients with risk factors complicated by hemorrhages, such as retinal bleeding, peptic ulceration, and recent surgery, should be monitored periodically for bleeding signs.[L30300]
|
Patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) may suffer from intermittent claudication, exertional leg pain that resolves upon rest, which is underscored by a complex etiology including vascular dysfunction (reduced limb perfusion, angiogenesis, and microcirculatory flow), systemic inflammation, and skeletal muscle dysfunction.[A226410] Pentoxifylline (PTX), (3,7-dimethyl-1-(5-oxohexyl)-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione) or 1-(5-oxohexyl)-3,7-dimethylxanthine, is a methyl-xanthine derivative that acts to lower blood viscosity by increasing erythrocyte flexibility, reducing plasma fibrinogen, inhibiting neutrophil activation, and suppressing erythrocyte/platelet aggregation; it also has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.[A226415, L30300] Although the precise mechanism of action has yet to be elucidated, numerous studies have suggested several effects of PTX.
The classical interpretation of PTX's broad effects is due to its ability to act, _in vitro_, as a non-specific cyclic-3',5'-phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor at millimolar concentrations; specifically, it has been proposed that inhibition of PDE type III and IV isozymes leads to elevated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, which mediate diverse downstream effects.[A226420, A226425, A226430] This view has been challenged, specifically by observing those plasma concentrations of PTX in routine clinical use are typically only around 1μM, far lower than those used to inhibit PDEs _in vitro_.[A226430] Instead, several studies have suggested that PTX can modulate adenosine receptor function, specifically the Gα-coupled A2A receptor (A2AR). Whether PTX acts directly as an A2AR agonist is unclear, although it can clearly increase the response of A2AR to adenosine.[A16840, A16821, A226350, A226435] A2AR activation activates adenylyl cyclase, which increases intracellular cAMP levels; this observation may explain PTX's ability to increase intracellular cAMP in a PDE-independent fashion.[A226440]
Elevated cAMP levels have numerous downstream effects. cAMP-mediated activation of protein kinase A (PKA) suppresses nuclear translocation of NF-κB, which suppresses transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and IL-6 as well as TNF-induced molecules such as adhesion molecules (ICAM1 and VCAM1) and the C-reactive protein (CRP).[A226415, A226445, A226450, A226455] PTX has also been shown to prevent the downstream phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK, which are responsible for assembling the NADPH oxidase involved in the neutrophil oxidative burst. This effect is due to a PKA-independent decrease in Akt phosphorylation and a PKA-dependent decrease in phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK.[A226450, A226465, A226470] This transcriptional regulation at least partially explains the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties of PTX.
Also, activated PKA can activate the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), which itself blocks SMAD-driven gene transcription, effectively disrupting transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) signalling.[A226440, A226475] This results in lower levels of fibrinogenic molecules such as collagens, fibronectin, connective tissue growth factor, and alpha-smooth muscle actin.[A226440, A226450, A226475, A226460] Hence, disruption of TGF-β1 signalling may explain the anti-fibrotic effects of PTX, including at least some of the decrease in blood viscosity.
The picture is complicated by the observation that PTX metabolites M1, M4, and M5 have been shown to inhibit C5 Des Arg- and formyl-methionylleucylphenylalanine-induced superoxide production in neutrophils and M1 and M5 significantly contribute to PTX's observed hemorheological effects.[A226415, A226430, A226480] Overall, PTX administration is associated with decreased pro-inflammatory molecules, an increase in anti-inflammatory molecules such as IL-10, and decreased production of fibrinogenic and cellular adhesion molecules.
|
Oral pentoxifylline (PTX) is almost completely absorbed but has low bioavailability of 20-30% due to extensive first-pass metabolism; three of the seven known metabolites, M1, M4, and M5 are present in plasma and appear soon after dosing.[A226560, A226565, L30300] Single oral doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg of pentoxifylline in healthy males produced a mean t<sub>max</sub> of 0.29-0.41 h, a mean C<sub>max</sub> of 272-1607 ng/mL, and a mean AUC<sub>0-∞</sub> of 193-1229 ng\*h/mL; corresponding ranges for metabolites 1, 4, and 5 were 0.72-1.15, 114-2753, and 189-7057.[A226545] Single administration of a 400 mg extended-release tablet resulted in a heightened t<sub>max</sub> of 2.08 ± 1.16 h, lowered C<sub>max</sub> of 55.33 ± 22.04 ng/mL, and a comparable AUC<sub>0-t</sub> of 516 ± 165 ng\*h/mL; all these parameters were increased in cirrhotic patients.[A226550]
Smoking was associated with a decrease in the C<sub>max</sub> and AUC<sub>steady-state</sub> of metabolite M1 but did not dramatically affect the pharmacokinetic parameters of pentoxifylline or other measured metabolites.[A226555] Renal impairment increases the mean C<sub>max</sub>, AUC, and ratio to parent compound AUC of metabolites M4 and M5, but has no significant effect on PTX or M1 pharmacokinetics.[A226560] Finally, similar to cirrhotic patients, the C<sub>max</sub> and t<sub>max</sub> of PTX and its metabolites are increased in patients with varying degrees of chronic heart failure.[A226565]
Overall, metabolites M1 and M5 exhibit plasma concentrations roughly five and eight times greater than PTX, respectively. PTX and M1 pharmacokinetics are approximately dose-dependent, while those of M5 are not. Food intake before PTX ingestion delays time to peak plasma concentrations but not overall absorption. Extended-release forms of PTX extend the t<sub>max</sub> to between two and four hours but also serves to ameliorate peaks and troughs in plasma concentration over time.[L30300]
|
Pentoxifylline (PTX) metabolism is incompletely understood. There are seven known metabolites (M1 through M7), although only M1, M4, and M5 are detected in plasma at appreciable levels, following the general pattern M5 > M1 > PTX > M4.[A226415, L30300] As PTX apparent clearance is higher than hepatic blood flow and the AUC ratio of M1 to PTX is not appreciably different in cirrhotic patients, it is clear that erythrocytes are the main site of PTX-M1 interconversion. However, the reaction likely occurs in the liver as well.[A226550, A31221, A226585] PTX is reduced in an NADPH-dependent manner by unknown an unidentified carbonyl reductase to form either [lisofylline] (the (R)-M1 enantiomer) or (S)-M1; the reaction is stereoselective, producing (S)-M1 exclusively in liver cytosol, 85% (S)-M1 in liver microsomes, and a ratio of 0.010-0.025 R:S-M1 after IV or oral dosing in humans.[A31221, A226585] Although both (R)- and (S)-M1 can be oxidized back into PTX, (R)-M1 can also give rise to M2 and M3 in liver microsomes.[A31221, A226585] _In vitro_ studies suggest that CYP1A2 is at least partly responsible for the conversion of [lisofylline] ((R)-M1) back into PTX.[A31220] Unlike the reversible oxidation/reduction of PTX and its M1 metabolites, M4 and M5 are formed via irreversible oxidation of PTX in the liver.[A226545, A226560, A226565, A31221, A226585] Studies in mice recapitulating the PTX-ciprofloxacin drug reaction suggest that CYP1A2 is responsible for the formation of M6 from PTX and of M7 from M1, both through de-methylation at position 7.[A184829] In general, metabolites M2, M3, and M6 are formed at very low levels in mammals.[A226545]
|
Overdoses of pentoxifylline have been reported with symptoms including agitation, fever, flushing, hypotension, convulsions, somnolence, and loss of consciousness beginning 4-5 hours following ingestion and lasting up to 12 hours. Symptomatic treatment is recommended, specifically pertaining to maintaining proper respiration, blood pressure, and controlling convulsions. Activated charcoal may prove useful in absorbing excess pentoxifylline in overdose cases. Patients have recovered from overdose even at doses as high as 80 mg/kg.[L30300]
|
Overall, pentoxifylline has an elimination half-life of between 0.39 and 0.84 hours, while its primary metabolites have elimination half-lives of between 0.96 and 1.61 hours.[A226415]
|
Pentoxifylline is approximately 45% bound to erythrocyte membranes.[A226560]
|
Pentoxifylline is eliminated almost entirely in the urine and predominantly as M5, which accounts for between 57 and 65 percent of the administered dose. Smaller amounts of M4 are recovered, while M1 and the parent compound account for less than 1% of the recovered dose. The fecal route accounts for less than 4% of the administered dose.[A226415, A226545, L30300]
|
Pentoxifylline has a volume of distribution of 4.15 ± 0.85 following a single intravenous 100 mg dose in healthy subjects.[A226550]
|
Pentoxifylline given as a single 100 mg intravenous infusion has a clearance of 3.62 ± 0.75 L/h/kg in healthy subjects, which decreased to 1.44 ± 0.46 L/h/kg in cirrhotic patients.[A226550] In another study, the apparent clearance of either 300 or 600 mg of pentoxifylline given intravenously (median and range) was 4.2 (2.8-6.3) and 4.1 (2.3-4.6) L/min, respectively.[A226585] It is important to note that, due to the reversible extra-hepatic metabolism of the parent compound and metabolite 1, the true clearance of pentoxifylline may be even higher than the measured values.[A226585]
|
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Imidazopyrimidines
|
Purines and purine derivatives
|
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[
"C04AD",
"C04A",
"C04",
"C",
"R03DA",
"R03D",
"R03",
"R"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.27",
"description": "Trental er 400 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.4",
"description": "TRENtal 400 mg Controlled Release Tabs",
"unit": "tab"
},
{
"cost": "0.4",
"description": "Apo-Pentoxifylline Sr 400 mg Sustained-Release Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.4",
"description": "Nu-Pentoxifylline-Sr 400 mg Sustained-Release Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.6",
"description": "Pentoxifylline er 400 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.62",
"description": "Pentoxifylline CR 400 mg Controlled Release Tabs",
"unit": "tab"
},
{
"cost": "0.62",
"description": "Pentoxil 400 mg Controlled Release Tabs",
"unit": "tab"
},
{
"cost": "0.62",
"description": "Pentoxil er 400 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.71",
"description": "Pentoxifylline 400 mg tablet sa",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.88",
"description": "Trental 400 mg Sustained-Release Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.91",
"description": "Pentoxifylline powder",
"unit": "g"
}
] |
[] |
Oxpentifylline | Pentoxifilina | Pentoxifyllin | Pentoxifylline | Pentoxifyllinum | ADORA2 | Cachectin | TNF-a | TNF-alpha | TNFA | TNFSF2 | Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2 | 3.1.3.35 | 3.1.3.5 | 3.1.3.89 | 3.1.3.91 | 3.1.3.99 | 5'-deoxynucleotidase | 5'-NT | Ecto-5'-nucleotidase | IMP-specific 5'-nucleotidase | NT5 | NTE | Thymidylate 5'-phosphatase | 1.14.14.1 | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYPIA2 | Cytochrome P(3)450 | Cytochrome P450 4 | Cytochrome P450-P3 | Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase
|
[
"Betamethasone Dipropionate 0.05% / Minoxidil 5% / Niacinamide 2% / Pentoxifylline 0.5%",
"Gapeam Budibac",
"Jamp Pentoxifylline SR",
"Nu-pentoxifylline-SR 400 mg",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Pentoxifylline 0.5% / Triamcinolone Acetonide 0.1%",
"Pentoxifylline SR",
"Pentoxil",
"Ratio-pentoxifylline",
"Trental",
"Trental",
"Trental",
"Trental Srt 400mg",
"Trental Tab 400mg",
"Truemed Group LLC"
] |
[
"Agapurin",
"Agapurin SR",
"An Ruo Ning",
"Angiopent",
"Ao Le Ni",
"Ao Nuo Hong",
"Aotong",
"Azupentat",
"Behrifil",
"Bo Shu Te",
"Claudicat",
"Durapental",
"Elorgan",
"Endopentoksas",
"Pentilin",
"Pentilin Retard",
"Pentoflux",
"Pentofyllin",
"Pentoksifilin",
"Pentolab",
"Pentomer",
"Rentylin",
"Torental",
"Trentilin Retard"
] |
[
"Gapeam Budibac",
"Betamethasone Dipropionate 0.05% / Minoxidil 5% / Niacinamide 2% / Pentoxifylline 0.5%",
"Pentoxifylline 0.5% / Triamcinolone Acetonide 0.1%"
] |
[
"P29274",
"P01375",
"P21589",
"P30542"
] |
[
"P05177"
] |
[] |
[] |
DB00809
|
Tropicamide
|
Tropicamide is an alkaloid atropine‐derived anticholinergic drug and a non‐selective antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine (mACh) receptors.[A230103] Usually available in ophthalmic formulations, tropicamide is used to cause mydriasis and cycloplegia for eye exams or ocular procedures.[A229958] It is also used in combination with [hydroxyamphetamine] for the same indication.[L32178] Oral tropicamide has been investigated as a potential drug to relieve sialorrhea in patients with Parkinson's Disease.[A229958]
|
solid
|
Tropicamide is indicated to induce mydriasis (dilation of the pupil) for diagnostic procedures and in conditions where short-term pupil dilation is desired, either as monotherapy [L32103] or in combination with [hydroxyamphetamine] [L32178] or [phenylephrine].[L46332] It provides clinically significant mydriasis with partial cycloplegia.[L32178]
|
Tropicamide is an anticholinergic drug and that works by non‐selectively blocking muscarinic receptors to cause mydriasis and cycloplegia. It relaxes the pupillary sphincter to dilate the pupil.[A229958] The onset of tropicamide‐induced mydriasis is about 10 to 15 minutes,[A230103] with optimal effect occurring 25 to 30 minutes post-administration. Mydriasis caused by tropicamide wears off within four to eight hours, but it was seen up to 24 hours in some individuals. Tropicamide hinders accommodation by causing the contraction of the ciliary muscle. The cycloplegic effect occurs within 20 to minutes following administration, with a duration of action of four to 10 hours. Tropicamide can elevate intraocular pressure.[A229958] The ophthalmic use of tropicamide is not typically associated with serious systemic adverse events.[A230173]
One randomized pilot study showed that oral tropicamide alleviated perceived symptoms of sialorrhea in patients with Parkinson's Disease: anticholinergics are believed to restore the dopaminergic to cholinergic activity imbalance in neurodegenerative diseases.[A229958] Similarly in one case report, tropicamide administered via ophthalmic solution relieved clozapine-induced sialorrhea.[A230093] Interestingly, in rodent models, tropicamide suppressed drug-induced tremulous jaw movements which are often used as a model of parkinsonian tremor: the significance of this finding requires further investigations.[A5677]
|
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are involved in numerous ocular functions. The M<sub>3</sub> subtype is predominantly expressed by smooth muscle cells of the sphincter pupillae, which is a circular muscle of the iris, and ciliary muscles. In response to light or binding of acetylcholine, M<sub>3</sub> receptor signalling leads to contraction of the sphincter pupillae and pupil constriction. Contraction of the ciliary muscle via M<sub>3</sub> receptor signalling also leads to accommodation, adjusting the lens for near vision.[A230178] The eye is also innervated by parasympathetic nerves: ciliary ganglion neurons project to the ciliary body and the sphincter pupillae muscle of the iris to control ocular accommodation and pupil constriction.[A230183]
Tropicamide is a non-selective muscarinic antagonist that binds to all subtypes of muscarinic receptors. By binding to muscarinic receptors, tropicamide relaxes the pupillary sphincter muscle and causes pupil dilation.[A229958] By blocking the muscarinic receptors of the ciliary body, tropicamide also prevents accommodation.[A230178] Like other muscarinic antagonists, tropicamide inhibits the parasympathetic drive, allowing the sympathetic nervous system responses to dominate.[A229958] Tropicamide is thought to ameliorate sialorrhea by blocking M<sub>4</sub> receptors expressed on salivary glands and reducing hypersalivation.[A229958]
|
Following ocular administration of 40 μL drops of 0.5% tropicamide in female subjects, tropicamide reached its mean peak concentration in plasma of 2.8 ± 1.7 ng/mL (mean ± SD) at five minutes.[A230173]
|
No information can be found.
|
Oral LD<sub>50</sub> is 865 mg/kg in rats and 565 mg/kg in mice. Intraperitoneal LD<sub>50</sub> is 1210 mg/kg in rats and 695 mg/kg in mice. Subcutaneous LD<sub>50</sub> is 872 mg/kg in rats and 665 mg/kg in mice.[L32183]
There is limited information on tropicamide overdose. Systemic adverse effects, such as tachycardia, central nervous system disturbances, and muscle rigidity have been reported with the use of tropicamide. Psychotic reactions, behavioral disturbances, and vasomotor or cardio-respiratory collapse have been reported with the use of anticholinergic in children.[L32103]
|
Tropicamide has a plasma half-life of 30 minutes.[A230093]
|
The extent of protein binding has not been established. Tropicamide binds to albumin.[A230168]
|
No information can be found.
|
No information can be found.
|
No information can be found.
|
Organic compounds
|
Benzenoids
|
Benzene and substituted derivatives
|
Phenylacetamides
|
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[
"S01FA",
"S01F",
"S01",
"S",
"S01FA",
"S01F",
"S01",
"S"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.06",
"description": "Tropicamide 0.5% eye drops",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "1.21",
"description": "Mydriacyl 1 % Solution",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "1.28",
"description": "Paremyd eye drops",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "2.52",
"description": "Tropicamide 1% eye drops",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "5.54",
"description": "Mydriacyl 1% eye drops",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "7.99",
"description": "Tropicamide 1% Solution 2ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "13.99",
"description": "Tropicamide 1% Solution 3ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "17.28",
"description": "Mydriacyl 1% Solution 3ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "17.75",
"description": "Tropicamide 1% Solution 15ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "17.99",
"description": "Tropicamide 0.5% Solution 15ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "59.84",
"description": "Mydriacyl 1% Solution 15ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "72.83",
"description": "Tropicamide powder",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "0.67",
"description": "Tropicacyl 0.5% eye drops",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.71",
"description": "Tropicacyl 1% eye drops",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.94",
"description": "Mydriacyl 0.5 % Solution",
"unit": "ml"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "2011-07-15",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2031-07-15",
"number": "11398306"
},
{
"approved": "2020-11-17",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2031-07-15",
"number": "10839960"
},
{
"approved": "2011-07-15",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2031-07-15",
"number": "11839487"
}
] |
Tropicamid | Tropicamida | Tropicamide | Tropicamidum
|
[
"Diophenyl-T Solution",
"Minims Tropicamide",
"Mydcombi",
"Mydriacyl",
"Mydriacyl",
"Mydriacyl",
"Mydriacyl",
"Mydriacyl",
"Mydriatic-3",
"Mydriatic-4",
"Odan-tropicamide",
"Odan-tropicamide",
"Paremyd",
"Phenyltrope Oph Soln",
"PMS-tropicamide Oph Sltn 1%",
"R.O.-tropamide",
"Tropicamide",
"Tropicamide",
"Tropicamide",
"Tropicamide",
"Tropicamide",
"Tropicamide",
"Tropicamide",
"Tropicamide",
"Tropicamide",
"Tropicamide",
"Tropicamide",
"Tropicamide",
"Tropicamide",
"Tropicamide",
"Tropicamide 1% - Liq Oph 10mg/ml"
] |
[
"Better",
"Camide",
"Ciclomidrin",
"Dilate",
"Eyetrop",
"Losemin",
"Midax",
"Midric",
"Minims Tropicamide",
"Mydral",
"Mydramide",
"Mydriaticum",
"Mydricol",
"Ocu-Tropic",
"Tropicacyl"
] |
[
"Paremyd",
"Mydriatic-4",
"Mydriatic-3",
"Diophenyl-T Solution",
"Phenyltrope Oph Soln",
"Mydcombi"
] |
[
"P08173",
"P11229",
"P08172",
"P20309"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00810
|
Biperiden
|
A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.
|
solid
|
For use as an adjunct in the therapy of all forms of parkinsonism and control of extrapyramidal disorders secondary to neuroleptic drug therapy.
|
Biperiden is a weak peripheral anticholinergic agent. It has, therefore, some antisecretory, antispasmodic and mydriatic effects. In addition, biperiden possesses nicotinolytic activity. The parenteral form of biperiden is an effective and reliable agent for the treatment of acute episodes of extrapyramidal disturbances sometimes seen during treatment with neuroleptic agents. Akathisia, akinesia, dyskinetic tremors, rigor, oculogyric crisis, spasmodic torticollis, and profuse sweating are markedly reduced or eliminated. With parenteral biperiden, these drug-induced disturbances are rapidly brought under control.
|
Parkinsonism is thought to result from an imbalance between the excitatory (cholinergic) and inhibitory (dopaminergic) systems in the corpus striatum. The mechanism of action of centrally active anticholinergic drugs such as biperiden is considered to relate to competitive antagonism of acetylcholine at cholinergic receptors in the corpus striatum, which then restores the balance.
|
87% bioavailability
|
The metabolism of biperiden is not completely understood, but does involve hydroxylation.
|
LD<sub>50</sub>=760 mg/kg (Orally in rats). Signs of overdose include dilated and sluggish pupils, warm, dry skin, facial flushing, decreased secretions of the mouth, pharynx, nose, and bronchi, foul-smelling breath, elevated temperature, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, decreased bowel sounds, urinary retention, delirium, disorientation, anxiety, hallucinations, illusions, confusion, incoherence, agitation, hyperactivity, ataxia, loss of memory, paranoia, combativeness, and seizures.
| null |
60%
| null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organic nitrogen compounds
|
Organonitrogen compounds
|
Amines
|
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[
"N04AA",
"N04A",
"N04",
"N"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[] |
[] |
1-Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl-1-phenyl-3-piperidin-1-yl-propan-1-ol | alpha-5-norbornen-2-yl-alpha-phenyl-1-piperidinepropanol | alpha-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl-alpha-phenyl-1-piperidinepropanol | Biperiden | Biperidene | Biperideno | Biperidenum | 1.14.14.- | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2DL1 | CYPIID6 | Cytochrome P450-DB1 | Debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase
|
[
"Akineton",
"Akineton",
"Akineton Tab 2mg"
] |
[
"Bilino",
"Ipsatol"
] |
[] |
[
"P11229"
] |
[
"P10635"
] |
[] |
[] |
DB00811
|
Ribavirin
|
Producing a broad-spectrum activity against several RNA and DNA viruses, Ribavirin is a synthetic guanosine nucleoside and antiviral agent that interferes with the synthesis of viral mRNA. It is primarily indicated for use in treating hepatitis C and viral hemorrhagic fevers. HCV is a single-stranded RNA virus that is categorized into nine distinct genotypes, with genotype 1 being the most common in the United States, and affecting 72% of all chronic HCV patients [L852]. It is reported that ribavirin might be only effective in early stages of viral hemorrhagic fevers including Lasser fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever, and Hantavirus infection. Ribavirin is a prodrug that is metabolized into nucleoside analogs that blocks viral RNA synthesis and viral mRNA capping. Before the development of newer drugs, ribavirin and [DB00008]/[DB00022] dual therapy was considered the first-generation and standard antiviral treatment [A19626]. The dual therapy was administered for 48 weeks in patients with genotype 1, 4, 5, and 6, and 24 weeks in patients with genotype 2 and 3 [A19626]. Newer drugs developed as Hepatitis C viral infection treatments can be used to reduce or eliminate the use of ribavirin, which are associated with serious adverse effects. They also improve therapeutic efficacy in patients with failed [DB00008]/[DB00022] and ribavirin-based therapy. The potential use of ribavirin as a treatment for acute myeloid leukemia is currently under investigation.
According to 2017 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and 2015 consensus guidelines from the Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver (CASL), ribavirin is typically used as an adjunct therapy to various first-line and second-line combination therapies recommended for each genotypes. Ribavirin is added to decrease relapse rates by accelerating viral clearance early in the treatment course [A19645]. When used to treat Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, it is always used as a part of combination therapies as ribavirin monotherapy is not efficacious in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection [A19644]. Additionally, including ribavirin in the regimen can increase the risk of anemia.
In HCV genotye 1/2/3/4/5/6 patients, ribavirin can be used in combination therapy involving [DB09102] and [DB08934], Eplusa ([DB08934], [DB11613]), Harvoni ([DB08934], [DB09027]), [DB06290] and [DB08934], Viekira Pak ([DB09296], [DB09297], [DB00503], [DB09183]), Technivie ([DB00503], [DB09296], [DB09297]) and Zepatier ([DB11574], [DB11575]). Addition of weight-based ribavirin to Technivie therapy increased sustained virologic response after 12 weeks of daily therapy (SVR12) from 90% to 97% in patients with HCV genotype 1a and 90.9% to 100% in HCV genotype 4 patients [L852]. Zepatier therapy along with ribavirin improved SVR in HCV genotype 5 patients. Combination therapy of ribavirin and [DB00008] results in the SVR of 44% in patients with genotype 1 infection and 70% in patients with genotype 2-6. The inclusion of ribavirin in the combination therapies depend on individual patient's profile, for example if HCV genotype 3 patient has a Y93H genetic variant and compensated cirrhosis.
|
solid
|
Indicated for the treatment of chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in combination with other antiviral agents with the intent to cure or achieve a sustained virologic response (SVR). Typically added to improve SVR and reduce relapse rates [A19644].
The addition of ribavirin in Technivie therapy indicated for treating HCV genotype 1a and 4 infections is recommended in patients with or without cirrhosis.
Resistance: viral genetic determinants resulting in variable response to ribavirin therapy has not been yet determined.
|
Ribavirin mediates direct antiviral activity against a number of DNA and RNA viruses by increasing the mutation frequency in the genomes of several RNA viruses. It is a member of the nucleoside antimetabolite drugs that interfere with duplication of the viral genetic material. The drug inhibits the activity of the enzyme RNA dependent RNA polymerase, due to its resemblence to building blocks of the RNA molecules.
|
Ribavirin is reported to have several mechanism of actions that lead to inhibition of viral RNA and protein synthesis.
After activation by adenosine kinase to ribavirin mono-, di-, and triphosphate metabolites. Ribavirin triphosphate (RTP) is the predominant metabolite which directly inhibits viral mRNA polymerase by binding to the nucleotide binding site of the enzyme. This prevents the binding of the correct nucleotides, leading to a reduction in viral replication or to the production of defective virions [A19645]. RTP also demonstrates an inhibitory action on viral mRNA guanylyltransferase and mRNA 2′-O-methyltransferase of dengue virus. Inhibition of these enzymes disrupts the posttranslational capping of the 5′ end of viral mRNA through ribavirin being incorporated at the 5′ end in place of guanosine and preventing the cap methylation step.
Inhibition of host inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) and subsequent depletion of GTP pool is proposed to be another mechanism of action of ribavirin. IMPDH catalyzes the rate-limiting step where inosine 5′-monophosphate is converted to xanthine monophosphate during guanosine monophosphate (GMP) synthesis. GMP is later converted to guanosine triphoshpate (GTP). Ribavirin monophosphate mimics inosine 5′-monophosphate and acts as a competitive inhibitor of IMPDH. Inhibited de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides and decreased intracellular GTP pools leads to a decline in viral protein synthesis and limit replication of viral genomes [A19645].
Ribavirin acts as a mutagen in the target virus to cause an 'error catastrophe' due to increased viral mutations. RTP pairs with cytidine triphosphate or uridine triphosphate with equal efficiency and to block HCV RNA elongation. It causes premature termination of nascent HCV RNA and increases mutagenesis by producing defective virions [A19645].
Ribavirin also exerts an immunomodulatory action of the host to the virus by shifting a Th2 response in favor of a Th1 phenotype. Th2 response and production of type 2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 stimulates the humoral response which enhances immunity toward the virus [A19645]. Ribavirin enhanced induction of interferon-related genes, including the interferon-α receptor, and down-regulation of genes involved in interferon inhibition, apoptosis, and hepatic stellate cell activation in vitro [A19644].
|
Ribavirin is reported to be rapidly and extensively absorbed following oral administration. The average time to reach Cmax was 2 hours after oral administration of 1200 mg ribavirin [FDA Label]. The oral bioavailability is 64% following a single oral dose administration of 600mg ribavirin [L11019].
|
First and as a step required for activation, ribavirin is phosphorylated intracellularly by adenosine kinase to ribavirin mono-, di-, and triphosphate metabolites. After activation and function, ribavirin undergoes two metabolic pathways where it is reversibly phosphorlyated or degraded via deribosylation and amide hydrolysis to yield a triazole carboxylic acid metabolite. In vitro studies indicate that ribavirin is not a substrate of CYP450 enzymes [L11019].
|
Rivabirin and PEG-Interferon Alfa-2A dual therapy is associated with flu-like symptoms, depression, suicide, insomnia, irritability, relapse of drug abuse/overdose, hepatic decompensation in 2% of HIV co-infected patients and bacterial infections each occurring at a frequency of less than 1%.
Ribavirin-induced anemia is a dose-dependent adverse effect where reduced hemoglobin levels can be seen within the first 1-2 weeks in therapy. The mechanism of ribavirin-induced anemia has been shown to involve reductions in reticulocyte counts and erythrocyte Na-K pump activity, and increases in K-Cl cotransport, membrane bound IgG, and C3, and erythrocyte band 3 [A19644].
Oral LD50 in rats is 2700 mg/kg. Intraperitoneal LD50 in mouse is 1300 mg/kg. Potential carcinogenic effects of ribavirin to humans cannot be yet excluded as it demonstrates mutagenic activity in the in vitro mouse lymphoma assay.
|
The terminal half-life of ribavirin following administration of a single oral dose of 1200 mg is about 120 to 170 hours [FDA Label].
|
No protein binding reported [L11019].
|
The metabolites of ribavirin are renally excreted. After the oral administration of 600mg radiolabeled ribavirin, approximately 61% of the drug was detected in the urine and 12% was detected in the feces. 17% of administered dose was in unchanged form [L11019].
|
Ribavirin displays a large volume of distribution [FDA Label].
|
The total apparent clearance rate after a single oral dose administration of 1200 mg ribavirin is 26L/h [FDA Label].
|
Organic compounds
|
Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues
|
Triazole ribonucleosides and ribonucleotides
| null |
[
"approved"
] |
[
"J05AP",
"J05A",
"J05",
"J"
] |
[
"Hepatitis B virus",
"Hepatitis C virus, RSV and other RNA/DNA viruses"
] |
[
{
"cost": "2.42",
"description": "Rebetol 40 mg/ml Solution",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "3.21",
"description": "Ribavirin powder",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "8.29",
"description": "Ribasphere 200 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "8.29",
"description": "Ribavirin 200 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "10.33",
"description": "Ribasphere 200 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "10.33",
"description": "Ribavirin 200 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "10.81",
"description": "Rebetol 200 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "15.19",
"description": "Copegus 200 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "16.59",
"description": "Ribasphere 400 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "16.59",
"description": "Ribavirin 400 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "20.74",
"description": "Ribavirin 500 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "21.34",
"description": "Ribatab 400 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "24.88",
"description": "Ribasphere 600 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "24.88",
"description": "Ribavirin 600 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "32.01",
"description": "Ribatab 600 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "4512.21",
"description": "Virazole 6 gm vial",
"unit": "vial"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "2002-09-17",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2018-12-21",
"number": "2365412"
},
{
"approved": "2000-08-15",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2018-12-21",
"number": "2287056"
},
{
"approved": "2000-11-21",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2017-11-21",
"number": "6150337"
},
{
"approved": "2001-01-09",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2018-03-21",
"number": "6172046"
},
{
"approved": "2001-01-23",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2017-05-01",
"number": "6177074"
},
{
"approved": "2002-10-08",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2017-05-01",
"number": "6461605"
},
{
"approved": "2002-10-29",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2018-03-21",
"number": "6472373"
},
{
"approved": "2003-02-25",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2017-05-01",
"number": "6524570"
},
{
"approved": "2004-09-14",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2023-10-05",
"number": "6790837"
}
] |
1-beta-D-Ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide | 1-beta-D-Ribofuranosyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide | RBV | Ribavirin | Ribavirina | Ribavirine | Ribavirinum | Tribavirin | 1.1.1.205 | IMP dehydrogenase 1 | IMPD 1 | IMPD1 | IMPDH 1 | IMPDH-I | Large structural protein | Protein L | Replicase | Transcriptase | 3.4.21.91 | NS1 | 1.1.1.205 | IMP dehydrogenase 2 | IMP dehydrogenase II | IMPD 2 | IMPD2 | IMPDH 2 | IMPDH-II | Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase type II | 2.7.7.48 | PB1 | Polymerase basic protein 1 | RNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit P1 | 3.1.3.5 | 3.1.3.99 | cN-II | Cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase II | Cytosolic IMP/GMP-specific 5'-nucleotidase | Cytosolic nucleoside phosphotransferase 5'N | High Km 5'-nucleotidase | NT5B | NT5CP | PNT5 | 2.7.1.20 | Adenosine 5'-phosphotransferase | AK | CNT 3 | CNT3 | Concentrative Na(+)-nucleoside cotransporter 3 | hCNT3 | ENT1 | Equilibrative NBMPR-sensitive nucleoside transporter | Equilibrative nitrobenzylmercaptopurine riboside-sensitive nucleoside transporter | es nucleoside transporter | hENT1 | Nucleoside transporter, es-type | Solute carrier family 29 member 1
|
[
"Copegus",
"Ibavyr",
"Ibavyr",
"Ibavyr",
"Moderiba",
"Moderiba",
"Moderiba",
"Moderiba",
"Moderiba",
"Moderiba",
"Moderiba",
"Moderiba",
"Moderiba",
"Moderiba",
"Pegasys Rbv",
"Pegasys Rbv",
"Pegetron",
"Pegetron",
"Pegetron",
"Pegetron",
"Pegetron",
"Pegetron",
"Pegetron",
"Pegetron",
"Pegetron",
"Rebetol",
"Rebetol",
"Rebetol",
"Rebetol",
"Rebetol",
"Rebetol",
"Rebetol",
"Rebetol",
"Rebetol",
"Rebetol",
"Rebetron Ready To Use Solution (albumin(human)free) (6000000 Iu/ml and 200mg Capsules)",
"Rebetron Solution (albumin (human) Free) (18 Miu Multi-dose Pen / 200mg Capsules)",
"Ribasphere",
"Ribasphere",
"Ribasphere",
"Ribasphere",
"Ribasphere",
"Ribasphere",
"RIBASPHERE RibaPak",
"RIBASPHERE RibaPak",
"RIBASPHERE RibaPak",
"RIBASPHERE RibaPak",
"RIBASPHERE RibaPak",
"RIBASPHERE RibaPak",
"RIBASPHERE RibaPak",
"RIBASPHERE RibaPak",
"RIBASPHERE RibaPak",
"RIBASPHERE RibaPak",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribavirin Biopartners",
"Ribavirin Biopartners",
"Ribavirin Biopartners",
"Ribavirin Biopartners",
"Ribavirin Mylan",
"Ribavirin Mylan",
"Ribavirin Mylan",
"Ribavirin Mylan",
"Ribavirin Mylan",
"Ribavirin Mylan",
"Ribavirin Mylan",
"Ribavirin Mylan",
"Ribavirin Mylan",
"Ribavirin Mylan",
"Ribavirin Mylan",
"Ribavirin Teva",
"Ribavirin Teva",
"Ribavirin Teva",
"Ribavirin Teva",
"Ribavirin Teva Pharma B.V.",
"Ribavirin Teva Pharma B.V.",
"Ribavirin Teva Pharma B.V.",
"Ribavirin Teva Pharma B.V.",
"Ribavirin Teva Pharma B.V.",
"Ribavirin Teva Pharma B.V.",
"Ribavirin Teva Pharma B.V.",
"Ribavirin Teva Pharma B.V.",
"Ribavirin Teva Pharma B.V.",
"Ribavirin Teva Pharma B.V.",
"Ribavirin Teva Pharma B.V.",
"Ribavirin Teva Pharma B.V.",
"Ribavirin Teva Pharma B.V.",
"Ribavirin Teva Pharma B.V.",
"Ribavirin Teva Pharma B.V.",
"Ribavirin Teva Pharma B.V.",
"Victrelis Triple",
"Victrelis Triple",
"Victrelis Triple",
"Victrelis Triple",
"Virazole",
"Virazole",
"Virazole",
"Virazole Pws 6gm/vial"
] |
[
"Rebretron",
"Ribamide",
"Vilona",
"Viramid",
"Virazide"
] |
[
"RIBASPHERE RibaPak",
"RIBASPHERE RibaPak",
"Moderiba",
"Moderiba",
"Moderiba",
"Moderiba",
"RIBASPHERE RibaPak",
"RIBASPHERE RibaPak",
"RIBASPHERE RibaPak",
"RIBASPHERE RibaPak",
"Rebetron Ready To Use Solution (albumin(human)free) (6000000 Iu/ml and 200mg Capsules)",
"Rebetron Solution (albumin (human) Free) (18 Miu Multi-dose Pen / 200mg Capsules)",
"Pegetron",
"Pegetron",
"Pegetron",
"Victrelis Triple",
"Victrelis Triple",
"Victrelis Triple",
"Victrelis Triple",
"Pegetron",
"Pegetron",
"Pegasys Rbv",
"Pegasys Rbv",
"Pegetron",
"Pegetron",
"Pegetron",
"Pegetron"
] |
[
"P20839",
"P12268"
] |
[
"P49902",
"P55263"
] |
[] |
[
"Q9HAS3",
"Q99808"
] |
DB00812
|
Phenylbutazone
|
A drug that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It is especially effective in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. It also is useful in rheumatoid arthritis and Reiter's syndrome (investigational indication). Although phenylbutazone is effective in gouty arthritis, risk/benefit considerations indicate that this drug should not be employed for this disease. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p1822)
|
solid
|
For the treatment of backache and ankylosing spondylitis
|
Phenylbutazone is a synthetic, pyrazolone derivative. It is a nonhormonal anti-inflammatory, antipyretic compound useful in the management of inflammatory conditions. The apparent analgesic effect is probably related mainly to the compound's anti-inflammatory properties and arise from its ability to reduce production of prostaglandin H and prostacyclin. Prostaglandins act on a variety of cells such as vascular smooth muscle cells causing constriction or dilation, on platelets causing aggregation or disaggregation and on spinal neurons causing pain. Prostacylcin causes vascular constriction platelet disaggregation
|
Phenylbutazone binds to and inactivates prostaglandin H synthase and prostacyclin synthase through peroxide (H2O2) mediated deactivation. The reduced production of prostaglandin leads to reduced inflammation of the surrounding tissues.
| null | null |
Oral, LD<sub>50</sub> = 238 mg/kg (mouse); Oral, LD<sub>50</sub> = 781 mg/kg (rabbit); Oral, LD<sub>50</sub> = 245 mg/kg (rat); Oral, LD<sub>50</sub> = 375 mg/kg (rat)
| null | null | null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Benzenoids
|
Benzene and substituted derivatives
| null |
[
"approved",
"vet_approved"
] |
[
"M01BA",
"M01B",
"M01",
"M",
"M01AA",
"M01A",
"M01",
"M",
"M02AA",
"M02A",
"M02",
"M"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.16",
"description": "Phenylbutazone powder",
"unit": "g"
}
] |
[] |
3,5-Dioxo-1,2-diphenyl-4-n-butylpyrazolidine | 4-butyl-1,2-diphenyl-pyrazolidine-3,5-dione | 4-n-Butyl-1,2-diphenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione | Fenilbutazona | Phenbutazone | Phenylbutazon | Phénylbutazone | Phenylbutazone | Phenylbutazonum | 1.14.99.1 | COX-1 | COX1 | Cyclooxygenase-1 | PGH synthase 1 | PGHS-1 | PHS 1 | Prostaglandin H2 synthase 1 | Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 | 1.14.99.1 | COX-2 | COX2 | Cyclooxygenase-2 | PGH synthase 2 | PGHS-2 | PHS II | Prostaglandin H2 synthase 2 | Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 | 5.3.99.4 | CYP8 | CYP8A1 | Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase | Prostaglandin I2 synthase | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase | (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2C10 | CYPIIC9 | Cytochrome P-450MP | Cytochrome P450 MP-4 | Cytochrome P450 MP-8 | Cytochrome P450 PB-1 | S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | hOAT1 | hPAHT | hROAT1 | OAT1 | Organic anion transporter 1 | PAH transporter | PAHT | Renal organic anion transporter 1 | hOAT3 | OAT3 | Organic anion/dicarboxylate exchanger | Solute carrier family 22 member 8 | OAT4 | Organic anion transporter 4 | Organic anion:dicarboxylate exchanger OAT4
|
[
"Alka Phenyl Tab",
"Alka Phenylbutazone Tab",
"Apo Phenylbutazone Tab 100mg",
"Novo-butazone Tab 100mg",
"Phenylone Plus Tab"
] |
[
"Azolid"
] |
[
"Alka Phenylbutazone Tab",
"Phenylone Plus Tab",
"Alka Phenyl Tab"
] |
[
"P23219",
"P35354",
"Q16647"
] |
[
"P08684",
"P11712"
] |
[] |
[
"Q4U2R8",
"Q8TCC7",
"Q9NSA0"
] |
DB00815
|
Sodium lauryl sulfate
|
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) is an anionic surfactant naturally derived from coconut and/or palm kernel oil. It usually consists of a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl. SLS lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions and is used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, and detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes. It is also used in creams and pastes to properly disperse the ingredients and as research tool in protein biochemistry. SLS also has some microbicidal activity.
|
solid
|
SLS is used as a surfactant in shampoos and toothpastes. SLS also has microbicidal activities against both enveloped (Herpes simplex viruses, HIV-1, Semliki Forest virus) and nonenveloped (papillomaviruses, reovirus, rotavirus and poliovirus) viruses, although it has not been approved for this use.
|
SLS is an anionic surfactant. Its amphiphilic properties make it an ideal detergent.
|
Like other surfactants, SLS is amphiphilic. It thus migrates to the surface of liquids, where its alignment and aggregation with other SLS molecules lowers the surface tension. This allows for easier spreading and mixing of the liquid. SLS has potent protein denaturing activity and inhibits the infectivity of viruses by by solubilizing the viral envelope and/or by denaturing envelope and/or capsid proteins.
| null | null |
Oral (LD50): Acute: 1288 mg/kg [Rat]
| null | null | null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organic acids and derivatives
|
Organic sulfuric acids and derivatives
|
Sulfuric acid esters
|
[
"experimental"
] |
[] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "0.01",
"description": "Carrington whirlpool solution",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.03",
"description": "Sodium lauryl sulfate cryst",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "0.09",
"description": "Monogen powder",
"unit": "g"
}
] |
[] |
Laurylsiran sodny | NaDS | Natrium laurylsulfuricum | SDS | SLS | Sodium dodecyl sulfate | Sodium dodecyl sulphate | Sodium dodecylsulfate | Sodium laurilsulfate | Sodium lauryl sulfate | Sodium lauryl sulphate
|
[
"Bamboo Salt",
"Bamboo Salt 160g",
"Dr.G Hydra Intensive Moist Cleansing gel",
"For Sope",
"Liquid",
"Liquid",
"Medi Hydro DP Cleanser",
"Plax Anti-plaque Dental Rinse",
"Sensible",
"Trimo San",
"Trimo-San"
] |
[
"Anticerumen",
"Emal 10",
"Empicol",
"Genapol LSS",
"Irium"
] |
[
"Medi Hydro DP Cleanser",
"Trimo San",
"Trimo-San",
"For Sope",
"Plax Anti-plaque Dental Rinse",
"Liquid",
"Liquid"
] |
[
"P02768"
] |
[] |
[
"P02768"
] |
[] |
DB00816
|
Orciprenaline
|
A beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and bronchospasms. [PubChem]
|
solid
|
For the treatment of bronchospasm, chronic bronchitis, asthma, and emphysema.
|
Orciprenaline (also known as metaproterenol), a synthetic amine, is structurally and pharmacologically similar to isoproterenol. Orciprenaline is used exclusively as a bronchodilator. The pharmacological effects of beta adrenergic agonist drugs, such as orciprenaline, are at least in part attributable to stimulation through beta adrenergic receptors of intracellular adenyl cyclase, the enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic- 3',5'- adenosine monophosphate (c-AMP). Increased cAMP levels lead to relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles and inhibition of the release of inalammatory mediators from mast cells that are involved in promoting immediate hypersensitivity .
|
Orciprenaline stimulates the β2-adrenergic receptor expressed in the lungs, uterus, and vasculature supplying skeletal muscles by acting as a moderately selective agonist. It exerts minimal or no effect on alpha-adrenergic receptors. Intracellularly, the actions of orciprenaline are mediated by cAMP, the production of which is augmented by beta stimulation. The drug is believed to work by activating adenylate cyclase, the enzyme responsible for producing the cellular mediator cAMP.
|
3% (oral bioavailability of 40%)
|
Hepatic and gastric. The major metabolite, orciprenaline-3-0-sulfate, is produced in the gastrointestinal tract. Orciprenaline is not metabolized by catechol-0-methyltransferase nor have glucuronide conjugates been isolated to date.
|
Symptoms of overdose include angina, hypertension or hypotension, arrhythmias, nervousness, headache, tremor, dry mouth, palpitation, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, malaise and insomnia. LD<sub>50</sub>=42 mg/kg (orally in rat).
|
6 hours
| null | null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Benzenoids
|
Phenols
|
Benzenediols
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"R03AB",
"R03A",
"R03",
"R",
"R03CB",
"R03C",
"R03",
"R",
"R03CB",
"R03C",
"R03",
"R"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.0",
"description": "Metaproterenol 10 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "6.14",
"description": "Metaproterenol sulfate powder",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "0.06",
"description": "Apo-Orciprenaline 2 mg/ml Syrup",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.22",
"description": "Metaproterenol 20 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
}
] |
[] |
Metaproterenol | Orciprenalina | Orciprenaline | Orciprenalinum | ADRB2R | B2AR | Beta-2 adrenoceptor | Beta-2 adrenoreceptor
|
[
"Alupent",
"Alupent",
"Alupent Aer",
"Alupent Liq 50mg/ml",
"Alupent Syr 10mg/5.0ml",
"Alupent Tab 20mg",
"Metaproterenol Sulfate",
"Metaproterenol Sulfate",
"Metaproterenol Sulfate",
"Metaproterenol Sulfate",
"Metaproterenol Sulfate",
"Metaproterenol Sulfate",
"Metaproterenol Sulfate",
"Metaproterenol Sulfate",
"Orcipren",
"Orciprenaline",
"Orciprenaline",
"Ratio-orciprenaline Syrup 2mg/ml",
"Tanta Orciprenaline Syrup - Syr 2mg/ml",
"Truemed Group LLC"
] |
[
"Metaprel"
] |
[] |
[
"P07550"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00817
|
Rosoxacin
|
Rosoxacin is a quinolone derivative antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infection of respiratory tract, urinary tract, GI, CNS and immuno compromised patients. Rosoxacin is known to be effective against penicillin resistant strains and is a single dose orally administered drug, which avoids all complications of parenteral administration seen with penicillin, especially anaphylactic shock.
|
solid
|
For the treatment of bacterial infection of respiratory tract, urinary tract, GI, CNS and immuno compromised patients.
|
Rosoxacin is a nonfluorinated quinolone antibiotic. Its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase, which allows the untwisting required to replicate one DNA double helix into two. Rosoxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
|
Rosoxacin binds to and inhibits the enzymes topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, which are required for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination.
| null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Quinolines and derivatives
|
Quinoline carboxylic acids
|
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[
"J01MB",
"J01M",
"J01",
"J"
] |
[
"Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria"
] |
[] |
[] |
1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(4-pyridyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid | Acrosoxacin | Rosoxacin | Rosoxacina | Rosoxacine | Rosoxacino | Rosoxacinum | 5.6.2.2 | DNA topoisomerase II, alpha isozyme | TOP2 | 5.6.2.2 | DNA topoisomerase II, beta isozyme | 5.99.1.3 | acrB | himB | hisU | nalC | parA | pcbA | 5.99.1.3 | Topoisomerase IV subunit A | 1.14.14.1 | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYPIA2 | Cytochrome P(3)450 | Cytochrome P450 4 | Cytochrome P450-P3 | Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase
|
[] |
[
"Eradacil",
"Roxadyl"
] |
[] |
[
"P11388",
"Q02880"
] |
[
"P05177"
] |
[] |
[] |
DB00818
|
Propofol
|
Propofol is an intravenous anaesthetic agent used for induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia. IV administration of propfol is used to induce unconsciousness after which anaesthesia may be maintained using a combination of medications. Recovery from propofol-induced anaesthesia is generally rapid and associated with less frequent side effects (e.g. drowsiness, nausea, vomiting) than with thiopental, methohexital, and etomidate. Propofol may be used prior to diagnostic procedures requiring anaesthesia, in the management of refractory status epilepticus, and for induction and/or maintenance of anaesthesia prior to and during surgeries.
|
liquid
|
Used for induction and/or maintenance of anaesthesia and for management of refractory status epilepticus.
|
Propofol is a sedative-hypnotic agent for use in the induction and maintenance of anesthesia or sedation. Intravenous injection of a therapeutic dose of propofol produces hypnosis rapidly with minimal excitation, usually within 40 seconds from the start of an injection (the time for one arm-brain circulation).
|
The action of propofol involves a positive modulation of the inhibitory function of the neurotransmitter gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA) through GABA-A receptors.
|
Rapid - time to onset of unconsciousness is 15-30 seconds, due to rapid distribution from plasma to the CNS. Distribution is so rapid that peak plasma concentrations cannot be readily measured. Duration of action is 5-10 minutes.
|
Hepatically metabolized mainly by glucuronidation at the C1-hydroxyl. Hydroxylation of the benzene ring to 4-hydroxypropofol may also occur via CYP2B6 and 2C9 with subsequent conjugation to sulfuric and/or glucuronic acid. Hydroxypropofol has approximately 1/3 of hypnotic activity of propofol.
|
Overdosage may increase pharmacologic and adverse effects or cause death.
<p>IV LD<sub>50</sub>=53 mg/kg (mice), 42 mg/kg (rats). Oral LD<sub>50</sub> (as a solution in soybean oil)=1230 mg/kg (mice), 600 mg/kg (rats)</p>
|
Initial distribution phase t<sub>1/2α</sub>=1.8-9.5 minutes. Second redistirubtion phase t<sub>1/2β</sub>=21-70 minutes. Terminal elimination phase t<sub>1/2γ</sub>=1.5-31 hours.
|
95 to 99%, primarily to serum albumin and hemoglobin
|
It is chiefly eliminated by hepatic conjugation to inactive metabolites which are excreted by the kidney.
|
* 60 L/kg [healthy adults]
|
* 23 - 50 mL/kg/min
* 1.6 - 3.4 L/min [70 Kg adults]
|
Organic compounds
|
Benzenoids
|
Benzene and substituted derivatives
|
Cumenes
|
[
"approved",
"investigational",
"vet_approved"
] |
[
"N01AX",
"N01A",
"N01",
"N"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "0.1",
"description": "Propofol 1% emulsion vial",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.13",
"description": "Propofol 10 mg/ml vial",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.19",
"description": "Propoven 1000 mg/100 ml vial",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.19",
"description": "Propoven 200 mg/20 ml ampul",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.19",
"description": "Propoven 500 mg/50 ml vial",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.93",
"description": "Diprivan 10 mg/ml vial",
"unit": "ml"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "2000-09-12",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2015-03-17",
"number": "2212794"
},
{
"approved": "2013-07-02",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2025-06-01",
"number": "8476010"
},
{
"approved": "1999-06-01",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2015-09-22",
"number": "5908869"
},
{
"approved": "1998-03-24",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2015-09-22",
"number": "5731356"
},
{
"approved": "1998-03-24",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2015-09-22",
"number": "5731355"
},
{
"approved": "1998-02-03",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2015-09-22",
"number": "5714520"
}
] |
2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)phenol | 2,6-Diisopropylphenol | Propofol | Propofolum | GABA(A) receptor subunit beta-2 | GABAAR subunit beta-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit beta-3 | GABAAR subunit beta-3 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-1 | GABAAR subunit alpha-1 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-2 | GABAAR subunit alpha-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-3 | GABAAR subunit alpha-3 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-4 | GABAAR subunit alpha-4 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-5 | GABAAR subunit alpha-5 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-6 | GABAAR subunit alpha-6 | GABA(A) receptor subunit beta-1 | GABAAR subunit beta-1 | GABA(A) receptor subunit beta-2 | GABAAR subunit beta-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit beta-3 | GABAAR subunit beta-3 | GABA(A) receptor subunit delta | GABAAR subunit delta | GABA(A) receptor subunit epsilon | GABAAR subunit epsilon | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-1 | GABAAR subunit gamma-1 | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-2 | GABAAR subunit gamma-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-3 | GABAAR subunit gamma-3 | GABA(A) receptor subunit pi | GABAAR subunit pi | GABA(A) receptor subunit theta | GABAAR subunit theta | SkM1 | Sodium channel protein skeletal muscle subunit alpha | Sodium channel protein type IV subunit alpha | Voltage-gated sodium channel subunit alpha Nav1.4 | HBA | HBSC II | NAC2 | SCN2A1 | SCN2A2 | Sodium channel protein brain II subunit alpha | Sodium channel protein type II subunit alpha | Voltage-gated sodium channel subunit alpha Nav1.2 | (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2C10 | CYPIIC9 | Cytochrome P-450MP | Cytochrome P450 MP-4 | Cytochrome P450 MP-8 | Cytochrome P450 PB-1 | S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.13.- | CYPIIB6 | Cytochrome P450 IIB1 | 2.4.1.17 | GNT1 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-8 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-H | UDPGT 1-8 | UGT-1H | UGT1 | UGT1-08 | UGT1.8 | UGT1*8 | UGT1A8 | UGT1H | 2.4.1.17 | GNT1 | lugP4 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-I | UDPGT 1-9 | UGT-1I | UGT1 | UGT1-09 | UGT1.9 | UGT1*9 | UGT1A9 | UGT1I | 2.4.1.17 | Bilirubin-specific UDPGT isozyme 1 | GNT1 | hUG-BR1 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A isoform 1 | UDPGT 1-1 | UGT1 | UGT1-01 | UGT1.1 | UGT1*1 | UGT1A1 | 3.5.1.99 | Anandamide amidohydrolase 1 | FAAH1 | Fatty acid ester hydrolase | Oleamide hydrolase 1 | 1.14.14.1 | 4-nitrophenol 2-hydroxylase | CYP2E | CYPIIE1 | Cytochrome P450-J | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIB1 | Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIA1 | Cytochrome P450 form 6 | Cytochrome P450-C | Cytochrome P450-P1 | Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase | 1.14.14.1 | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYPIA2 | Cytochrome P(3)450 | Cytochrome P450 4 | Cytochrome P450-P3 | Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIC18 | Cytochrome P450-6b/29c | (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIC17 | CYPIIC19 | Cytochrome P450-11A | Cytochrome P450-254C | Fenbendazole monooxygenase (4'-hydroxylating) | Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIC8 | Cytochrome P450 form 1 | Cytochrome P450 IIC2 | Cytochrome P450 MP-12 | Cytochrome P450 MP-20 | S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | 2.4.1.17 | GNT1 | Phenol-metabolizing UDP-glucuronosyltransferase | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-F | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A6 | UDPGT 1-6 | UGT-1F | UGT1 | UGT1-06 | UGT1.6 | UGT1*6 | UGT1F | ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 | MDR1 | Multidrug resistance protein 1 | P-glycoprotein 1 | PGY1 | Phospholipid transporter ABCB1
|
[
"Anesthesia S/I-40",
"Anesthesia S/I-50",
"Anesthesia S/I-60",
"Diprivan",
"Diprivan",
"Diprivan",
"Diprivan",
"Diprivan 1%",
"Fresenius Propoven 2%",
"Fresenius Propoven 2%",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol",
"Propofol 1%",
"Propofol Injectable Emulsion",
"Propofol Injectable Emulsion",
"Propofol Injectable Emulsion",
"Propofol Injection",
"Propofol Injection",
"Propofol Injection",
"Propofol Injection",
"Propofol Injection",
"Propofol Injection",
"Propofol Lipuro",
"Propofol-II Injection",
"Propoven",
"Teva-propofol"
] |
[
"Anepol",
"Anespro",
"Anesvan",
"Critifol",
"Disoprivan",
"Disoprofol",
"Dormofol",
"Fresofol",
"Gobbifol",
"Hipnolam",
"Hypro",
"IV-Pro",
"Lipuro",
"Oleo-Lax",
"Plofed",
"Profol",
"Profolen",
"Propofabb",
"Propofil",
"Propogen",
"Propolipid",
"Propovan",
"Propoven",
"Provive",
"Rapinovet",
"Recofol",
"Safol",
"Trivam",
"Troypofol",
"Unifol"
] |
[
"Anesthesia S/I-60",
"Anesthesia S/I-40",
"Anesthesia S/I-50"
] |
[
"P47870",
"P28472",
"P14867",
"P47869",
"P34903",
"P48169",
"P31644",
"Q16445",
"P18505",
"P47870",
"P28472",
"O14764",
"P78334",
"Q8N1C3",
"P18507",
"Q99928",
"O00591",
"Q9UN88",
"P35499",
"Q99250"
] |
[
"P11712",
"P20813",
"Q9HAW9",
"O60656",
"P22309",
"O00519",
"P05181",
"Q16678",
"P04798",
"P05177",
"P33260",
"P33261",
"P10632",
"P19224"
] |
[
"P02768"
] |
[
"P08183"
] |
DB00819
|
Acetazolamide
|
One of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)
|
solid
|
For adjunctive treatment of: edema due to congestive heart failure; drug-induced edema; centrencephalic epilepsies; chronic simple (open-angle) glaucoma
|
Acetazolamide is a potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, effective in the control of fluid secretion, in the treatment of certain convulsive disorders and in the promotion of diuresis in instances of abnormal fluid retention. Acetazolamide is not a mercurial diuretic. Rather, it is a nonbacteriostatic sulfonamide possessing a chemical structure and pharmacological activity distinctly different from the bacteriostatic sulfonamides.
|
The anticonvulsant activity of Acetazolamide may depend on a direct inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the CNS, which decreases carbon dioxide tension in the pulmonary alveoli, thus increasing arterial oxygen tension. The diuretic effect depends on the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase, causing a reduction in the availability of hydrogen ions for active transport in the renal tubule lumen. This leads to alkaline urine and an increase in the excretion of bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, and water.
| null | null | null |
3 to 9 hours
|
98%
| null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Azoles
|
Thiadiazoles
|
[
"approved",
"vet_approved"
] |
[
"G01AE",
"G01A",
"G01",
"G",
"S01EC",
"S01E",
"S01",
"S"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "4.46",
"description": "AcetaZOLAMIDE 500 mg 12 Hour Capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "4.53",
"description": "Acetazolamide powder",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "5.24",
"description": "Diamox sequels er 500 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "5.49",
"description": "Diamox Sequels 500 mg 12 Hour Capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "51.75",
"description": "Acetazolamide sod 500 mg vial",
"unit": "vial"
},
{
"cost": "0.13",
"description": "Apo-Acetazolamide 250 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.35",
"description": "Acetazolamide 250 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.37",
"description": "Acetazolamide 125 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
}
] |
[] |
2-acetylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-sulfonamide | 5-acetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide | 5-acetylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide | Acetazolamid | Acetazolamida | Acétazolamide | Acetazolamide | Acetazolamidum | N-[5-(aminosulfonyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]acetamide | N-[5-(aminosulfonyl)-1,3,5-thiadiazol-2-yl]acetamide | 4.2.1.1 | CA-I | CAB | Carbonate dehydratase I | Carbonic anhydrase B | Carbonic anhydrase I | Cyanamide hydratase CA1 | 4.2.1.1 | CA-II | CAC | Carbonate dehydratase II | Carbonic anhydrase C | Carbonic anhydrase II | Cyanamide hydratase CA2 | 4.2.1.1 | CA-IV | Carbonate dehydratase IV | Carbonic anhydrase IV | 4.2.1.1 | CA-XII | Carbonate dehydratase XII | Carbonic anhydrase XII | Tumor antigen HOM-RCC-3.1.3 | 4.2.1.1 | CA-XIV | Carbonate dehydratase XIV | Carbonic anhydrase XIV | 4.2.1.1 | CA-III | Carbonate dehydratase III | Carbonic anhydrase III | 4.2.1.1 | CA-VII | Carbonate dehydratase VII | Carbonic anhydrase VII | AQP-1 | Aquaporin-CHIP | Channel-like integral membrane protein of 28 kDa | CHIP28 | Urine water channel | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase | hOAT1 | hPAHT | hROAT1 | OAT1 | Organic anion transporter 1 | PAH transporter | PAHT | Renal organic anion transporter 1
|
[
"Acetazolam",
"AcetaZOLAMIDE",
"AcetaZOLAMIDE",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"AcetaZOLAMIDE",
"AcetaZOLAMIDE",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"AcetaZOLAMIDE",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"AcetaZOLAMIDE",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"AcetaZOLAMIDE",
"Acetazolamide",
"AcetaZOLAMIDE",
"AcetaZOLAMIDE",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"AcetaZOLAMIDE",
"AcetaZOLAMIDE",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"AcetaZOLAMIDE",
"AcetaZOLAMIDE",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"AcetaZOLAMIDE",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"acetaZOLAMIDE",
"acetaZOLAMIDE",
"acetaZOLAMIDE",
"acetaZOLAMIDE",
"acetaZOLAMIDE",
"acetaZOLAMIDE",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"acetaZOLAMIDE",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetazolamide Extended-release",
"Acetazolamide Extended-release",
"Acetazolamide Extended-release",
"Acetazolamide for Injection USP",
"Acetazolamide for Injection, USP",
"Diamox IV 500mg",
"Diamox Pws 500mg/vial",
"Diamox Sequels",
"Diamox Sequels",
"Diamox Sequels",
"Diamox Src 500mg",
"Diamox Tab 250mg",
"Diamox Tablets 250mg",
"Novo-zolamide Tab 250mg"
] |
[
"Acemit",
"Acemox",
"Acetak",
"Acetamide",
"Acetazolamax",
"Azm",
"Azol",
"Azomid",
"Carbinib",
"Défiltran",
"Diabo",
"Diacarb",
"Diamox",
"Diamox Depot",
"Diazomid",
"Diluran",
"Diuramid",
"Edemox",
"Glaumox",
"Glaupax",
"Glupax",
"Huma-Zolamide",
"Iopar-SR",
"Medene",
"Oculten",
"Ödemin",
"Uramox",
"Zolmide"
] |
[] |
[
"P00915",
"P00918",
"P22748",
"O43570",
"Q9ULX7",
"P07451",
"P43166",
"P29972"
] |
[
"P08684"
] |
[] |
[
"Q4U2R8"
] |
DB00820
|
Tadalafil
|
Tadalafil is a selective phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor that is used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and benign prostatic hypertrophy.[L39100, L39105] It was first approved in 2003 by the FDA for use in ED and later in 2009 for PAH. In contrast to other PDE5 inhibitors like [sildenafil], tadalafil has greater selectivity for PDE5 and a longer half-life which has made it a more suitable option for chronic once-daily dosing in the treatment of PAH.[A242287]
|
solid
|
Tadalafil is indicated for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) and either alone or in combination with [finasteride] for the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH).[L39095,L39439] It is also indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) both alone and in combination with [macitentan] or other endothelin-1 antagonists.[L39100,L39105,L50622]
|
Tadalafil exerts a therapeutic effect in ED by increasing sexual stimulation-dependant smooth muscle relaxation in the penis, allowing the corpus cavernosum to fill with blood to produce an erection.[A242287, A242377] Smooth muscle relaxation in the pulmonary vasculature helps to produce vasodilation in PAH which reduces blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries.[A242377] In BPH, tadalafil may contribute to decreased smooth muscle cell proliferation which may reduce the size of the prostate and relieve the anatomical obstruction which produces urinary symptoms of BPH.[A242382] The decreased affinity of tadalafil for PDE6 compared to other PDE5 inhibitors may explain the reduced incidence of visual side effects.[L39100, L39105, A242287]
|
Tadalafil is a selective phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor that produces several downstream effects with the most common therapeutic effect being smooth muscle relaxation. [L39095] Patients may experience ED due to a variety of causes including psychogenic, neurogenic, vasculogenic, iatrogenic, or endocrine. [A242392] These causes result in dysfunction of penile smooth muscle relaxation through either disrupted neuronal signaling or direct influence on smooth muscle cells. During sexual arousal, non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) neurons release nitric oxide (NO). Nitric oxide stimulates guanylate cyclase which converts guanosine triphosphate to cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP).[A242287, A242377] cGMP activates the cGMP-dependent kinase (PKG) in a signal cascade which activates K+ channels leading to inhibition of Ca2+ channels, inhibits platelet activation, and inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation while inducing apoptosis. This signal cascade is attenuated by PDE5 which breaks the phosphodiester bond of cGMP, converting it to GMP. Inhibition of PDE5 by tadalafil increases signaling via the PKG cascade which supports penile smooth muscle relaxation during sexual arousal by decreasing Ca2+ entry into smooth muscle cells. This smooth muscle relaxation allows blood to fill the corpus cavernosum thereby producing an erection.
In PAH, blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries is raised due to a variety of mechanisms stemming from endothelial dysfunction.[A242377] Decreased production of NO and prostacyclin reduce vasodilatory signaling while overproduction of endothelin-1 and thromboxane increase vasoconstriction. Inflammation, thromboses, and hypoxia later contribute to vascular remodeling which further reduces luminal size. The resultant increase in blood pressure reduces the capacity for gas exchange and increases afterload at the right ventricle, producing symptoms of dyspnea, fatigue, and dizziness as well as leading to right-sided heart failure. Tadalafil exerts its therapeutic effect in PAH through boosting NO-cGMP signaling to contribute to smooth muscle relaxation as with ED.
Lastly, tadalafil is used to treat BPH.[L39095] BPH produces urinary dysfunction through hyperproliferation of the epithelial and smooth muscle layers of the prostate.[A242382] The increased size of the prostate blocks urine flow through the urethra resulting in higher residual volumes due to incomplete emptying. Tadalafil does not appear to exert its benefit via smooth muscle relaxation of the prostate. It may instead exert its effect through a mix of increased oxygenation and decreased inflammation, which decreases tissue remodeling, and inhibition of cell proliferation through the cGMP cascade.
The decreased affinity for PDE6 compared to other PDE5 inhibitors may explain the decreased incidence of visual side effects as PDE6 is present in the eye and contributes to color vision.[L39100, L39105, A242287]
|
Tadalafil has a tmax of 0.5-6h with a median of 2h in healthy adults. [A242270, L39095] The tmax in adults with PAH is reported as 2-8h with a median of 4h.[L39100] There does not appear to be a significant effect on absorption when tadalafil is taken with food.[A242270]
|
Tadalafil undergoes hepatic metabolism via CYP3A4 to a catechol metabolite.[A242270, A242387, L39095, L39100] This catechol metabolite undergoes subsequent methylation and glucuronidation with the methyl-glucuronide metabolite becoming the primary metabolite in circulation. None of the known metabolites are considered to be active.
|
Symptoms of overdose are expected to be similar to typical adverse effects which may include headache, dyspepsia, back pain, myalgia, nasopharyngitis, and dizziness.[L39095, L39100] Standard supportive care is recommended. Hemodialysis is not expected to contribute significantly to tadalafil clearance.
|
The mean half-life of elimination of tadalafil is 15-17.5h in healthy adults.[A242270, L39095, L39100] The mean half-life of elimination in adults with PAH is reported as 35h.[L39100]
|
Tadalafil is 94% bound to plasma proteins.[A242270, L39095, L39100]
|
Tadalafil is primarily eliminated via hepatic metabolism.[A242270, L39095, L39100] These metabolites are mainly excreted in the feces (61%) and to a lesser extent in the urine (36%)
|
Tadalafil has a mean apparent volume of distribution of 63L in healthy adults.[A242270, L39095] The mean apparent volume of distribution is reported as 77L in adults with PAH.[L39100]
|
The mean apparent oral clearance of tadalafil is 2.5-3.4L/h in healthy adults.[A242270, L39095, L39100] The mean apparent oral clearance in adults with PAH is reported as 3.5L/h
|
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Indoles and derivatives
|
Pyridoindoles
|
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[
"G04BE",
"G04B",
"G04",
"G",
"C02KX",
"C02K",
"C02",
"C",
"G04CB",
"G04C",
"G04",
"G",
"G04CA",
"G04C",
"G04",
"G",
"C02KX",
"C02K",
"C02",
"C"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "4.76",
"description": "Cialis 2.5 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "4.76",
"description": "Cialis 5 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "20.92",
"description": "Cialis 10 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "20.92",
"description": "Cialis 20 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "140.77",
"description": "Cialis 30 5 mg tablet Box",
"unit": "box"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "2008-03-25",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2020-04-26",
"number": "2379948"
},
{
"approved": "2002-05-28",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2015-01-19",
"number": "2181377"
},
{
"approved": "2000-10-31",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2016-07-11",
"number": "6140329"
},
{
"approved": "2004-11-23",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2021-05-19",
"number": "6821975"
},
{
"approved": "2005-09-13",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2020-10-26",
"number": "6943166"
},
{
"approved": "2007-02-27",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2020-10-26",
"number": "7182958"
},
{
"approved": "1999-01-12",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2018-05-21",
"number": "5859006"
},
{
"approved": "2018-12-24",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2038-12-24",
"number": "11382917"
},
{
"approved": "2018-12-24",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2038-12-24",
"number": "11666576"
},
{
"approved": "2012-09-18",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2029-04-18",
"number": "8268847"
},
{
"approved": "2006-08-22",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2022-10-12",
"number": "7094781"
},
{
"approved": "2021-03-16",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2026-11-25",
"number": "10946015"
},
{
"approved": "2018-12-24",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2038-12-24",
"number": "11975006"
}
] |
(6R-trans)-6-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-2,3,6,7,12,12a-hexahydro-2-methyl-pyrazino(1',2':1,6)pyrido(3,4-b)indole-1,4-dione | (6R,12aR)-2,3,6,7,12,12a-Hexahydro-2-methyl-6-(3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl) pyrazino(1',2':1,6)pyrido(3,4-b)indole-1,4-dione | Tadalafil | Tadalafilo | 3.1.4.35 | CGB-PDE | cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase | PDE5 | 3.1.4.35 | 3.1.4.53 | cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase 11A | 3.1.4.35 | GMP-PDE gamma | PDEG | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase
|
[
"Ach-tadalafil",
"Ach-tadalafil",
"Ach-tadalafil",
"Ach-tadalafil",
"Act Tadalafil",
"Act Tadalafil",
"Act Tadalafil",
"Act Tadalafil",
"Adcirca",
"Adcirca",
"Adcirca",
"Adcirca",
"Adcirca",
"Adcirca",
"Adcirca",
"Ag-tadalafil",
"Ag-tadalafil",
"Ag-tadalafil",
"Ag-tadalafil",
"Alyq",
"Alyq",
"Alyq",
"Apo-tadalafil",
"Apo-tadalafil",
"Apo-tadalafil",
"Apo-tadalafil",
"Apo-tadalafil Pah",
"Auro-tadalafil",
"Auro-tadalafil",
"Auro-tadalafil",
"Auro-tadalafil",
"Bio-tadalafil",
"Bio-tadalafil",
"Bio-tadalafil",
"Bio-tadalafil",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Cialis",
"Dom-tadalafil",
"Dom-tadalafil",
"Dom-tadalafil",
"Dom-tadalafil",
"Entadfi",
"Ipg-tadalafil",
"Ipg-tadalafil",
"Ipg-tadalafil",
"Ipg-tadalafil",
"Jamp-tadalafil",
"Jamp-tadalafil",
"Jamp-tadalafil",
"Jamp-tadalafil",
"M-tadalafil",
"M-tadalafil",
"M-tadalafil",
"M-tadalafil",
"Mar-tadalafil",
"Mar-tadalafil",
"Mar-tadalafil",
"Mar-tadalafil",
"Mint-tadalafil",
"Mint-tadalafil",
"Mint-tadalafil",
"Mint-tadalafil",
"Mylan-tadalafil",
"Mylan-tadalafil",
"Mylan-tadalafil",
"Mylan-tadalafil",
"N/a",
"N/a",
"N/a",
"N/a",
"Nra-tadalafil",
"Nra-tadalafil",
"Nra-tadalafil",
"Nra-tadalafil",
"Nra-tadalafil Tablets",
"Nra-tadalafil Tablets",
"Nra-tadalafil Tablets",
"Nra-tadalafil Tablets",
"Opsynvi",
"Opsynvi",
"Opsynvi",
"PMS-tadalafil",
"PMS-tadalafil",
"PMS-tadalafil",
"PMS-tadalafil",
"Prz-tadalafil",
"Prz-tadalafil",
"Prz-tadalafil",
"Prz-tadalafil",
"Riva-tadalafil",
"Riva-tadalafil",
"Riva-tadalafil",
"Riva-tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil",
"Tadalafil Lilly",
"Tadalafil Lilly",
"Tadalafil Lilly",
"Tadalafil Lilly",
"Tadalafil Lilly",
"Tadalafil Lilly",
"Tadalafil Lilly",
"Tadalafil Lilly",
"Tadalafil Lilly",
"Tadalafil Mylan",
"Tadalafil Mylan",
"Tadalafil Mylan",
"Tadalafil Mylan",
"Tadalafil Mylan",
"Tadalafil Mylan",
"Tadalafil Mylan",
"Tadalafil Mylan",
"Tadalafil Mylan",
"Tadalafil Mylan",
"Tadalafil Mylan",
"Tadalafil Mylan",
"Tadalafil Mylan",
"Tadalafil Mylan",
"Tadalafil Mylan",
"Tadalafil Mylan",
"Tadalfil",
"Tadliq",
"Talmanco",
"Talmanco",
"Talmanco",
"Talmanco",
"Taro-tadalafil",
"Taro-tadalafil",
"Taro-tadalafil",
"Taro-tadalafil",
"Teva-tadalafil",
"Teva-tadalafil",
"Teva-tadalafil",
"Teva-tadalafil",
"Uph-tadalafil",
"Uph-tadalafil",
"Uph-tadalafil",
"Uph-tadalafil",
"Yuvanci",
"Yuvanci"
] |
[] |
[
"Opsynvi",
"Entadfi",
"Opsynvi",
"Opsynvi",
"Yuvanci",
"Yuvanci"
] |
[
"O76074",
"Q9HCR9",
"P18545"
] |
[
"P08684"
] |
[] |
[] |
DB00821
|
Carprofen
|
Carprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used by veterinarians as a supportive treatment for the relief of arthritic symptoms in geriatric dogs. Carprofen was previously used in human medicine for over 10 years (1985-1995). It was generally well tolerated, with the majority of adverse effects being mild, such as gastro-intestinal pain and nausea, similar to those recorded with aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It is no longer marketed for human usage, after being withdrawn on commercial grounds.
|
solid
|
For use as a pain reliever in the treatment of joint pain and post-surgical pain.
|
Carprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the propionic acid class that includes ibuprofen, naproxen, and ketoprofen. It is no longer used in the clinical setting, but is approved for use in dogs. Carprofen is non-narcotic and has characteristic analgesic and antipyretic activity approximately equipotent to indomethacin in animal models.
|
The mechanism of action of carprofen, like that of other NSAIDs, is believed to be associated with the inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity. Two unique cyclooxygenases have been described in mammals. The constitutive cyclooxygenase, COX-1, synthesizes prostaglandins necessary for normal gastrointestinal and renal function. The inducible cyclooxygenase, COX-2, generates prostaglandins involved in inflammation. Inhibition of COX-1 is thought to be associated with gastrointestinal and renal toxicity while inhibition of COX-2 provides anti-inflammatory activity. In an <i>in vitro</i> study using canine cell cultures, carprofen demonstrated selective inhibition of COX-2 versus COX-1.
|
Rapidly and nearly completely absorbed (more than 90% bioavailable) when administered orally.
|
Hepatic.
|
Symptoms of NSAID overdose include dizziness and nystagmus. Oral LD<sub>50</sub> in mouse and rat is 282 mg/kg and 149 mg/kg, respectively.
|
Approximately 8 hours (range 4.5–9.8 hours) in dogs.
|
High (99%)
| null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Indoles and derivatives
|
Carbazoles
|
[
"approved",
"vet_approved",
"withdrawn"
] |
[] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[] |
[] |
(+/-)-2-(3-chloro-9H-carbazol-7-yl)propanoic acid | (±)-6-chloro-α-methylcarbazole-2-acetic acid | 2-(6-Chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)-propionic acid | 6-chloro-α-methyl-9H-carbazole-2-acetic acid | Carprofen | Carprofène | Carprofeno | Carprofenum | 1.14.99.1 | COX-2 | COX2 | Cyclooxygenase-2 | PGH synthase 2 | PGHS-2 | PHS II | Prostaglandin H2 synthase 2 | Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 | 1.14.99.1 | COX-1 | COX1 | Cyclooxygenase-1 | PGH synthase 1 | PGHS-1 | PHS 1 | Prostaglandin H2 synthase 1 | Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 | hOAT1 | hPAHT | hROAT1 | OAT1 | Organic anion transporter 1 | PAH transporter | PAHT | Renal organic anion transporter 1
|
[] |
[
"lmadyl",
"lmafen",
"Rimadyt"
] |
[] |
[
"P35354",
"P23219"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Q4U2R8"
] |
DB00823
|
Ethynodiol diacetate
|
A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive. Although etynodiol or ethynodiol are sometimes used as a synonym for ethynodiol diacetate, what is usually being referred to is actually ethynodiol diacetate and not ethynodiol (which is a separate drug that has never been marketed, see [DB13866]).
|
solid
|
For the prevention of pregnancy in women who elect to use this product as a method of contraception.
|
Ethynodiol Diacetate is used as a female contraceptive. Ethynodiol Diacetate is a progestin or a synthetic form of the naturally occurring female sex hormone, progesterone. In a woman's normal menstrual cycle, an egg matures and is released from the ovaries (ovulation). The ovary then produces progesterone, preventing the release of further eggs and priming the lining of the womb for a possible pregnancy. If pregnancy occurs, progesterone levels in the body remain high, maintaining the womb lining. If pregnancy does not occur, progesterone levels in the body fall, resulting in a menstrual period. Ethynodiol Diacetate tricks the body processes into thinking that ovulation has already occurred, by maintaining high levels of the synthetic progesterone. This prevents the release of eggs from the ovaries.
|
Binds to the progesterone and estrogen receptors. Target cells include the female reproductive tract, the mammary gland, the hypothalamus, and the pituitary. Once bound to the receptor, progestins like Ethynodiol Diacetate will slow the frequency of release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus and blunt the pre-ovulatory LH (luteinizing hormone) surge.
| null | null | null | null |
50-85%
| null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Lipids and lipid-like molecules
|
Steroids and steroid derivatives
|
Steroid esters
|
[
"approved"
] |
[] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[] |
[] |
17α-Ethynyl-19-norandrost-4-ene-3β,17-beta-diol diacetate | 17α-Ethynyl-3,17-dihydroxy-4-estrene diacetate | 17α-Ethynyl-4-estrene-3β,17β-diol diacetate | 17α-Ethynylestr-4-ene-3β,17β-diol acetate | 19-Nor-17α-pregn-4-en-20-yne-3β,17-diol diacetate | 3β, 17β-Diacetoxy-17α-ethynyl-4-oestrene | 3β,17β-Diacetoxy-19-nor-17α-pregn-4-en-20-yne | Ethynodiol diacetate | Etynodiol acetate | Etynodiol diacetate | NR3C3 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3 | PR | ER | ER-alpha | ESR | Estradiol receptor | NR3A1 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group A member 1 | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase
|
[
"Demulen 30 (21 Day Pack)",
"Demulen 30 (28 Day Pack)",
"Demulen 50 (21 Day Pack)",
"Demulen 50 (28 Day Pack)",
"Ethynodiol Diacetate and Ethinyl Estradiol",
"Ethynodiol Diacetate and Ethinyl Estradiol",
"Kelnor 1/35",
"Kelnor 1/35",
"Kelnor 1/35",
"Kelnor 1/50",
"Zovia 1/35",
"Zovia 1/35",
"Zovia 1/35",
"Zovia 1/35",
"Zovia 1/35E-28",
"Zovia 1/35E-28",
"Zovia 1/50E-28",
"Zovia 1/50E-28"
] |
[
"Conova",
"Continuin",
"Dernulen",
"Femulen",
"Luteonorm",
"Luto-Metrodiol",
"Metrodiol"
] |
[
"Kelnor 1/35",
"Zovia 1/35E-28",
"Zovia 1/50E-28",
"Zovia 1/35E-28",
"Zovia 1/35",
"Ethynodiol Diacetate and Ethinyl Estradiol",
"Ethynodiol Diacetate and Ethinyl Estradiol",
"Zovia 1/50E-28",
"Kelnor 1/50",
"Kelnor 1/35",
"Zovia 1/35",
"Kelnor 1/35",
"Zovia 1/35",
"Demulen 30 (28 Day Pack)",
"Demulen 30 (21 Day Pack)",
"Demulen 50 (21 Day Pack)",
"Demulen 50 (28 Day Pack)",
"Zovia 1/35"
] |
[
"P06401",
"P03372"
] |
[
"P08684"
] |
[] |
[] |
DB00824
|
Enprofylline
|
Enprofylline is a derivative of theophylline which shares bronchodilator properties. Enprofylline is used in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy. Long-term enprofylline administration may be associated with elevation in liver enzyme levels and unpredictable blood levels.
|
solid
|
Used in the management of symptoms of asthma. Also used in the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.
|
Enprofylline is a synthetic dimethylxanthine derivative structurally related to theophylline and caffeine. It antagonizes erythrocyte phosphodiesterase, increasing cAMP activity.
|
Enprofylline inhibits erythrocyte phosphodiesterase, resulting in an increase in erythrocyte cAMP activity. Subsequently, the erythrocyte membrane becomes more resistant to deformity. Along with erythrocyte activity, enprofylline also decreases blood viscosity by reducing plasma fibrinogen concentrations and increasing fibrinolytic activity.
|
Rapidly absorbed from the digestive tract
| null | null |
1.9 hours
|
49%
| null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Imidazopyrimidines
|
Purines and purine derivatives
|
[
"approved",
"experimental"
] |
[] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[] |
[] |
3-n-propylxanthine | 3-Propyl-3,7-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione | 3-propylxanthine | 3,7-dihydro-3-propyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione | Enprofilina | Enprofylline | Enprofyllinum | 3.1.4.53 | cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase 4B | DPDE4 | PDE32 | 3.1.3.35 | 3.1.3.5 | 3.1.3.89 | 3.1.3.91 | 3.1.3.99 | 5'-deoxynucleotidase | 5'-NT | Ecto-5'-nucleotidase | IMP-specific 5'-nucleotidase | NT5 | NTE | Thymidylate 5'-phosphatase | 3.1.4.53 | cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase 4A | DPDE2 | PDE46 | ADORA2
|
[] |
[
"Nilyph",
"Oxeze"
] |
[] |
[
"Q07343",
"P21589",
"P29275",
"P27815",
"P30542",
"P29274",
"P0DMS8"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00825
|
Levomenthol
|
Menthol is a covalent organic compound made synthetically or obtained from peppermint or other mint oils. Forming clear or white waxy, crystalline substance, menthol is typically solid at room temperature. (-)-Menthol is the naturally-occurring and main form of menthol, and is assigned the (1R,2S,5R) configuration. Menthol mediates anesthetic properties and anti-irritating properties locally, thus it is widely used to relieve minor throat irritations.
|
solid
|
Used to treat occasional minor irritation, pain, sore mouth, and sore throat as well as cough associated with a cold or inhaled irritants.
|
Menthol is a covalent organic compound made synthetically or obtained from peppermint or other mint oils. Menthol induces a cooling sensation on the skin upon inhalation, oral ingestion, or topical application by stimulating the cold-sensitive receptors expressed on the skin, without actually causing a drop in the skin temperature.
|
Menthol primarily activates the cold-sensitive TRPM8 receptors in the skin. Menthol, after topical application, causes a feeling of coolness due to stimulation of 'cold' receptors by inhibiting Ca++ currents of neuronal membranes. It may also yield analgesic properties via kappa-opioid receptor agonism.
| null | null |
Menthol, DL: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 2900 mg/kg [Rat], 3100 mg/kg [Mouse]. DERMAL (LD50): Acute: 5001 mg/kg [Rabbit].
| null | null | null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Lipids and lipid-like molecules
|
Prenol lipids
|
Monoterpenoids
|
[
"approved"
] |
[] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.03",
"description": "Nuprin muscle & joint patch",
"unit": "patch"
},
{
"cost": "1.05",
"description": "Cold & hot pain rel patch",
"unit": "patch"
},
{
"cost": "1.11",
"description": "CVS Pharmacy pain relieving patch",
"unit": "patch"
},
{
"cost": "1.13",
"description": "Bengay pain relieving patch",
"unit": "patch"
},
{
"cost": "1.2",
"description": "Cool & heat patch",
"unit": "patch"
},
{
"cost": "1.2",
"description": "Icy hot medicated 5% patch",
"unit": "patch"
},
{
"cost": "0.02",
"description": "Pv menthol cough drops",
"unit": "each"
},
{
"cost": "0.03",
"description": "CVS Pharmacy menthol drops",
"unit": "each"
},
{
"cost": "0.06",
"description": "Menthol cough drops",
"unit": "each"
},
{
"cost": "0.49",
"description": "Menthol crystal",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "0.69",
"description": "Salonsip aqua-patch",
"unit": "patch"
},
{
"cost": "0.89",
"description": "CVS Pharmacy cold & hot medicated patch",
"unit": "patch"
},
{
"cost": "0.93",
"description": "Mentholatum pain patch",
"unit": "patch"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "2014-08-19",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2030-01-03",
"number": "8809615"
},
{
"approved": "2016-01-12",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2027-08-01",
"number": "9233184"
}
] |
(-)-Menthol | (−)-(1R,3R,4S)-menthol | (−)-menthol | (1alpha,2beta,5alpha)-5-methyl-2(1-methylethyl)cyclohexanol | (1R-(1-α,2-β,5-α))-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexanol | (1R,3R,4S)-(−)-menthol | L-menthol | Levomenthol | Lévomenthol | Levomentholum | Levomentol | Mentol | Long transient receptor potential channel 6 | LTrpC-6 | LTRPC6 | Transient receptor potential p8 | Trp-p8 | TRPP8 | ANKTM1 | Ankyrin-like with transmembrane domains protein 1 | p120 | Transformation-sensitive protein p120 | Wasabi receptor | TrpV3 | Vanilloid receptor-like 3 | VRL-3 | CACH2 | CACN2 | CACNL1A1 | Calcium channel, L type, alpha-1 polypeptide, isoform 1, cardiac muscle | CCHL1A1 | Voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha Cav1.2 | CACH3 | CACN4 | CACNL1A2 | Calcium channel, L type, alpha-1 polypeptide, isoform 2 | CCHL1A2 | Voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha Cav1.3 | CACNAF1 | Voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha Cav1.4 | CACH1 | CACN1 | CACNL1A3 | Calcium channel, L type, alpha-1 polypeptide, isoform 3, skeletal muscle | Voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha Cav1.1 | CAB1 | CACNLB1 | Calcium channel voltage-dependent subunit beta 1 | CAB2 | CACNLB2 | Calcium channel voltage-dependent subunit beta 2 | Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome antigen B | MYSB | CAB3 | CACNLB3 | Calcium channel voltage-dependent subunit beta 3 | CAB4 | CACNLB4 | Calcium channel voltage-dependent subunit beta 4 | BI | Brain calcium channel I | CACH4 | CACN3 | CACNL1A4 | Calcium channel, L type, alpha-1 polypeptide isoform 4 | Voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha Cav2.1 | K-OR-1 | KOR-1 | OPRK | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase
|
[
"Absorbine Back",
"Absorbine Jr Antifungal Liq",
"Absorbine Jr Extra Strength Liniment",
"Absorbine Jr Liniment",
"Absorbine Power Gel",
"Aflexeryl-LC",
"Aflexeryl-MC",
"Air Sinsinpas-EX",
"AK47 Cooling Roll-On",
"AK47 Cooling Roll-On",
"Alsirub Ont",
"Amber Mouth Wash - Liq",
"Amber Mouthwash - Liq",
"AmeriPatch",
"Analgesic Balm",
"Analgesic Balm",
"Analgesic Balm",
"Anbesol Liquid",
"Anbesol Maximum Strength Liquid",
"Anodyne Ile",
"Antibiotic Cold Sore Ointment",
"Antiphlamine",
"Antiphlamine",
"Antiphlamine",
"Antiphlamine Coin Plaster",
"Antiphlamine Coin Plaster",
"Antiphlogistine Rub A 535 Extra Strength",
"Antiphlogistine Rub A-535 Ice Gel 4%",
"Antiphlogistine Rub A535",
"Antiseptic Mouth Rinse - Liq",
"Apr15",
"Arex Sinsin Pas",
"Arex Sinsin Pas",
"Aromalief Pain Relief Cream",
"Arthricare for Women Multi-action",
"Arthricare for Women Nighttime",
"Arthricare for Women Ultra Strength",
"Arthricare Pain Relieving Rub Triple Medicated Gel",
"Arthritis Extra Strength Roll-ON Lotion",
"Arthritis Pain Relief",
"Arthritis Pain Reliever Herbalife",
"Arthritis Wonder",
"Arthro Rheuma Cream",
"Arthrocare Lotion",
"Artic Ice Analgesic Gel 2.5%",
"Artrex",
"Atomy Herbal Hair Tonic",
"Au Kah Chuen Skin Lotion",
"Avon Healthy Remedies Menthol & Camphor Soothing Relief Gel",
"Avon Healthy Remedies Menthol Celadrin Pain Relief Cream",
"AVON HeXashield Pain Relief for Muscle, Back and Joint Cream",
"Balminil Camphorub",
"Balminil Nasal Ointment",
"balsam peru oil PainAway with natural peppermint and Balsam Peru",
"Banana Boat Medicated Lip Balm",
"Banana Boat Sooth-A-caine Spray Gel",
"Banana Boat Sooth-A-caine W.moist.aloe V.gel",
"bB Medicated Pain Relieving Oil",
"bB Medicated Pain Relieving Oil",
"Beech Nut Honey Lemon Cough Drop",
"Beech Nut Honey Lemon Cough Drops",
"Beech Nut Menthol Cough Drop",
"Beech Nut Wild Cherry Cough Dps",
"Beech Nut Wild Cherry Cough Drop",
"Beech-nut Menthol Cough Drops",
"Ben-gay Ice",
"Bengay Extra Strength Ice",
"Bengay Vanishing Scent Pain Relieving",
"Bentasil Blackcurrant",
"Bentasil Cherry",
"Bentasil Extra Strength Eucalyptus",
"Bentasil Extra Strength Menthol",
"Bentasil Extra Strength Menthol",
"Bentasil Green",
"Bentasil Honey-lemon",
"Bentasil Red",
"Bentasil Yellow",
"Benylin 1 Nightime With Menthactin",
"Benylin 1 With Menthactin",
"Benylin DM-D Soft Chews With Menthactin",
"Benylin DM-D With Menthactin",
"Benylin DM-D-E Extra Strength With Menthactin",
"Benylin DM-D-E With Menthactin",
"Benylin Extra Strength Chest Congestion & Cold",
"Benylin Extra Strength Cough & Chest Congestion",
"Benylin Extra Strength Cough Complete",
"Benylin Extra Strength for People With Diabetes",
"Benylin Extra Strength Mucus & Phlegm",
"Benylin Extra Strength Mucus & Phlegm Plus Cough Control",
"Benylin Extra Strength Sore Throat & Cough",
"Benylin Extra Strength With Menthactin",
"Benzocaine",
"Big V Cough Lozenges Cherry 6.1mg/loz",
"Big V Honey-lemon Cough Lozenges 8.4mg/loz",
"Big V Menthol Cough Lozenges 6.1mg/loz",
"Biofreeze",
"Bite Relief",
"Blistex Dct",
"Blue Ice 2.5%",
"Breathe Deeply",
"Bronchodex Fort-DM Syr",
"Bronchodex Vapo Ont",
"Bronchodex-rub",
"Bronchophan Onguent Vaporisant",
"Bronchozone Cough Syrup Certified",
"Buckley's Chest Congestion",
"Buckley's Complete",
"Buckley's Complete Plus Extra Strength Mucus Relief",
"Buckley's Complete Plus Mucous Relief",
"Buckley's Complete PM - Nighttime",
"Buckley's Mucus & Phlegm",
"Buckley's Nighttime Cough & Congestion",
"Burn Relief Cream",
"Burn Relief Gel",
"Bye Bye Bite Lot",
"Cal Mo Dol Ont",
"Calmitol Itching Relief Ont",
"Calmomusc Liq",
"Cam Sun (huile Therapeutique)",
"Camocare Pain Relieving Cream",
"Campho Rex",
"Camphorated Ointment Compound",
"Capsodan Cream",
"Carboseptol",
"Carmatis Ont",
"Celestial Seasonings Herbal Throat Drops",
"Celestial Seasonings Herbal Throat Drops - Golden Herbal Blend",
"Cepacol Sensations Cool Mint",
"Cepacol Sensations Cooling",
"Cepacol Sensations Sore Throat & Blocked Nose",
"Cepacol Sensations Sore Throat & Cough",
"Ch6 Greenol Herb Hair Control Non Wash Treatment",
"Ch6 Scalp Ssag",
"Ch6 Scalp Ssag Serum",
"CH6 Scalp Ssag Serum Red Edition",
"Chapstick Medicated Lip Balm - Jar",
"Chapstick Medicated Lip Balm - Stk",
"Chapstick Medicated Lip Balm - Tube",
"Chase Coldsorex",
"Chest Rub Ont",
"CHI. JOA (Anti-inflammatory effect, antibacterial effect, stomatitis improvement, plaque removal)",
"Cho-a PAP",
"Cho-A Point Plaster",
"Cho-A Point Plaster",
"Cm Systems 2 Gel",
"Cold Sore Lotion",
"Cold Sore Lotion",
"Cold Sore Treatment",
"Cool Mint Antiseptic Mouthwash",
"Cool Pap Cataplasma",
"Cool Pap Cataplasma",
"Coralite Extra Strength Menthol Pain Relief Sleeve - KNEE",
"Coralite Extra Strength Menthol Pain Relief Sleeve - WRIST",
"Coralite Pain Relief",
"Cough Lozenges",
"Cough Lozenges Spearmint Menthol USP",
"CounterAct Cough Drops Orchard Cherry",
"Crazyskin Beers",
"Crazyskin Beers Premium",
"Cuticura Medicated Body Powder",
"CVS Health Maximum Strength Lidocaine Pain Relief Cream Plus Menthol",
"CVS Medicated Pain",
"Daily all in one ample",
"Daily all in one ample",
"Dbk",
"Deep Cold Arthritic Hand Lotion 2%",
"Denorex Extra Strength Medicated Shampoo",
"Denorex Extra Strength Medicated Shampoo",
"Denorex Extra Strength Medicated Shampoo With Conditioners",
"Denorex Extra Strength Medicated Shampoo With Conditioners",
"Denorex Medicated Shampoo - Regular",
"Denorex Medicated Shampoo Spring Fresh",
"Denorex Medicated Shampoo With Conditioners",
"Dentalgar Liq",
"Dermarest Plus - Gel",
"Dermasarra",
"Dermaseptin",
"Dermoplast Insect Itch and Sting Relief",
"Dermoplast Pain Relieving",
"Dermoplast Sunburn and Burn Relief",
"DG Health Maximum Strength Cold n Hot",
"Direct Formulary Honey-lem. Menth. Cough Loz",
"Direct Formulary Menthol Cough Loz 6.1mg",
"Doctor Hoys Natural Pain Relief",
"Doloran",
"Dorflex Icy Hot Flexible, XL",
"Dr.'s Cream",
"Dual Action Cherry Cough Suppressant Oral Anesthetic",
"Eagle Brand Medicated Oil",
"Ease Pain Away Analgesic Lotion",
"Elizabeth Health Style Chestrub Vaporizing Action",
"Elizabeth Health Style Chestrub Vaporizing Action",
"Elizabeth Health Style Ice Cold",
"Emertussif Lozenges",
"Essentials Herbal Muscle Massage",
"EVERYTOKTOK Hair Tonic",
"EVERYTOKTOK Hair Tonic",
"Family Care Pain Relief",
"Family Care Pain Relief",
"Fenovar",
"Flex-all 454 10%",
"Flex-all 454 16% Gel",
"Flex-all 454 Gel 7%",
"Flex-OL",
"Flexall Ice",
"Flexall Muscle (original Strength)",
"Flexall Stick",
"Formula T.T. Lozenges - 3.0mg",
"Formula T.T.O. Honey Lozenges",
"Ginsenggo",
"Glenalgesic Blue Gel",
"Gold Bond Anti-itch Lotion",
"Gold Bond Extra Strength Medicated Body Lotion",
"Gold Bond Medicated Anti-itch Cream",
"Gold Bond Medicated Body Lotion",
"Gold Bond Medicated Body Powder",
"Gouttes Dentaires",
"Hair loss care-shampoo",
"Hair Loss Care-shampoo",
"Half and Half Balm",
"Halls Centres Honey-lemon Loz",
"Halls Centres Reg Loz",
"Halls Centres Regular",
"Halls Extra Strong",
"Halls Extra Strong",
"Halls Extra Strong",
"Halls Extra Strong",
"Halls Extra Strong",
"Halls Extra Strong",
"Halls Extra Strong",
"Halls Extra Strong",
"Halls Extra Strong",
"Halls Extra Strong",
"Halls Extra Strong Cherry",
"Halls Extra Strong Mentho-lyptus Cough Tab",
"Halls Grape",
"Halls Ice Peppermint",
"Halls Lemon-lime",
"Halls Lime",
"Halls Mentho Lyptus Cough Tab",
"Halls Mentho Lyptus Cough Tab Black Currant",
"Halls Mentho Lyptus Cough Tab Cherry",
"Halls Mentho Lyptus Cough Tab Honey Lemon",
"Halls Mentho Lyptus Cough Tab Regular",
"Halls Mentho Lyptus Tab Coolmint",
"Halls Mentho-lyptus Cough Tablets Black Currant",
"Halls Mentho-lyptus Cough Tablets Mountain Menthol",
"Halls Mentho-lyptus Cough Tablets Orange",
"Halls Mentho-lyptus Cough Tablets Orange",
"Halls Mentho-lyptus Cough Tablets Peach",
"Halls Mentho-lyptus Cough Tablets Pink Grapefruit",
"Halls Mentho-lyptus Cough Tablets Pink Grapefruit/peach",
"Halls Ocean Blue",
"Halls Soothers Sore Throat Lozenges",
"Halls Spearmint",
"Harmony Flexible 4% Menthol Pain Relief 500",
"Heat Rub",
"Hemo-pic",
"Hemovirtu's Hemorrhoidal Ointment",
"Herbon Original Cherry",
"Honey Lemon Cough Drops",
"Honey Lemon Menthol Eucalyptus Cough Dps",
"Honey-lemon Cough Lozenges - 8.4mg",
"Huo Pao Tieh Ta Feng Shin Kao",
"Ice Gel 2.0%",
"Ice Gel Therapy 2%",
"Ice Therapy",
"Icy Hot Lidocaine No Mess Applicator Plus Menthol",
"Icy Hot Lidocaine Pain Relieving Cream Plus Menthol",
"Inarub Crm",
"Infraline Liq",
"Inno Rheuma Cream",
"Inno Rheuma Massage Oil",
"Integrative Therapeutics, Inc. Joint Gel",
"Ion-TO Scalp Cleanser S",
"Itch Nix",
"Itch relief Cream",
"Jack and Jill Rub",
"Jikimi Patch",
"K2c",
"K2k",
"Kama Sutra Pleasure Balm",
"Kaydia Patch",
"Kaz Inhalant",
"Kiro Rub",
"Kiro-rub",
"Kobi - Crm",
"Kool Comfort Pain Relieving Roll-On",
"Kwan Tak Hing Plaster - Pad-pls",
"La Jiao Feng Shi Gao",
"Leader Medicated Relief Patch",
"LexiCaps",
"LexiLido",
"Lidocaine plus Menthol",
"Lip Conditioner Lip Balm",
"Lipsorex",
"Lipsorex - Gel",
"Lipsorex Plus",
"Lipsorex-gel",
"Lotion Pour Feux Sauvages",
"Lubracane",
"Ludens Menthol Throat Drops",
"Mag 5 Pt Warming Formula",
"Marathon Deep Heat Rub",
"Marco Rub Camphorated Ont",
"Maximum Strenght Lidocaine plus Menthol Pain Relief Patch",
"MCM Topical Gel Patch",
"Médi-rub",
"Medicated Analgesic Cream",
"Medicated Blistex Dct Lip Balm",
"Medicated Body Powder",
"Medicated Chest",
"Medicated Chest Rub",
"Medicated Chest Rub - Ont",
"Medicated Chest Rub - Ont Top",
"Medicated Lipbalm",
"Medicated Pain",
"Medicated Pain",
"Medicated Vapourizer Fluid",
"Medipap Cool",
"Meggezones Menthol Pastilles",
"Meloids Pwr 1.5%",
"Menthacin - Cream",
"Menthacin Lotion",
"Menthol Cough Lozenges - 6.1mg",
"Mentholatum",
"Mentholatum Cough Drops",
"Mentholatum Extra Strength Ont",
"Minard's Joint Relief",
"Mini Pain Relief",
"Molyhen",
"MOMR Rumaian Herbal Bandage",
"MONPURIEL Daily all in one ample",
"MONPURIEL Daily all in one ample",
"MONPURIEL Hair loss care-shampoo",
"MONPURIEL Hair Loss Care-shampoo",
"Multi-action Denorex 2-IN-1 Dandruff Shampoo + Conditioner",
"Multi-action Denorex Dandruff Shampoo",
"Muscle Rub Ultra Strength",
"Musle and Joint",
"Myoflex Extra Strength Ice",
"Myoflex Ice Cold Gel 5%",
"Myoflex Ice Cold Plus - Gel",
"Myoflex Ice Cold Plus - Gel",
"Myoflex Ice Cold-gel 4%",
"Myoflex Ice Plus - Crm",
"Napropak Cool",
"Natur 911",
"Nature's Relief 1222",
"Naturland Inno Rheuma Cream",
"Naturland Sports Cream",
"Neolinn",
"New Ammeltz",
"New NBF GINGIVAL Gel",
"NOpiod-TC",
"NOpioid-TC",
"Novae Pain Relief Analgesic Lotion",
"Obus Form Therapeutic Heat Rub",
"Obus Form Therapeutic Ice Gel",
"Olp Pain-X",
"Onguent Camphre Menthol Alsi",
"Orajel 3X Medicated For Toothache and Gum",
"Orajel 4X Medicated For Toothache and Gum",
"Orajel 4X Medicated For Toothache and Gum, Cream",
"Orajel 4X Medicated PM For Toothache and Gum",
"Orajel Denture Pain Relief",
"Orajel Denture Plus",
"Orajel Gum Pain 3X Medicated",
"Orajel Multi-action Cold Sore Medicine",
"Orajel Ultra Canker Sore Medicine",
"Pain Relief",
"Pain Relief",
"Pain ReliefPatches Patches",
"Pain-A-trate Cream",
"Pastilles Valda",
"Pelo Scalp Tonic Sheet",
"Perform",
"Performance and Recovery",
"Personal Care Ice Cold Analgesic",
"Physi-cold",
"Phytorub Ont",
"PM External",
"Polar Ice Analgesic Gel 2.5%",
"Polytar AF Shampoo",
"Pommade Au The Des Bois",
"Poudre",
"PrameGel",
"Precise Cooling Pain Relief Cream",
"Prosync Muscle Rub",
"Pulmoll Menthol - Eucalyptol Pastilles",
"Pulmoll Pastilles",
"Relyyks",
"Relyyt",
"Remedy Phytoplex Calazime Protectant",
"Rhino-vaccin",
"RICHENNAPHARM GROWMAX Hair care Tonic",
"Rubbex Creme",
"Rx Act",
"Salonpas - Pls Top",
"Salonpas Gel-patch",
"Salonpas Medicated Plaster",
"Sarna P",
"Satogesic",
"Satogesic",
"Satogesic",
"Satohap",
"Satohap",
"Satohap",
"Satohap",
"Satohap Cool and Hot Pads",
"Satohap Lidocaine 4% Menthol 1% Pain Relieving Cream",
"Satohap Pads",
"Savex Ont",
"Savex With Paba",
"Savex With Sunscreen Ont",
"Scalpicin Anti-dandruff Anti-itch Liquid",
"Sinsin Mulpas",
"Sinsinpap Cool",
"Sinsinpas Arex Instant Pain Relief (not for Sale)",
"Sinsinpas Arex Instant Pain Relief Small",
"Sinsinpas Arexgel",
"Sinsinpas Arexlotion",
"SINSINPAS Pain Relieving Patch",
"Solucodan Syrup",
"Solucodan-H",
"Sooth X Creme - 1.25%",
"Soothing Ice Rub",
"Soothing Ice Rub Analgesic Gel",
"Soothing Menthol Lip Care",
"Sore Throat & Cough Extra Strength",
"Sore Throat Lozenges",
"Sore Throat Lozenges Menthol Flavour",
"Sorgon",
"Sport Cold - Gel - 2%",
"Sport Rub - Cream",
"Strepsils Cherry",
"Strepsils Cool",
"Strepsils Extra Black Cherry",
"Strepsils Sore Throat Blocked Nose",
"Sucrets Cherry Vapour Action Loz",
"Sucrets Complete",
"Sucrets Complete Sore Throat, Cough and Irritation",
"Sucrets Honey Lemon Vapour Action Loz",
"Sun Burn Relief Cream",
"Suppress Ointment",
"Tact",
"Tact Cool Jelly",
"The Fact Hair Care Scalp Booster Ampoule",
"Thera Patch",
"Therapatch Vapor - Chest",
"Therapatch Vapour - Nose & Chin",
"Therapeutic Heat Lotion",
"Therapeutic Soothing Ice Gel",
"Thermo Rub Ont",
"Thuna Balsam Salve Ont",
"Thunas Salve for Rheumatic Pains",
"Tiger Balm Pain Relieving",
"Tiger Balm Pain Relieving Hydrogel",
"TIGER Balm PAIN RELIEVING HYDROGEL",
"Tiger Balm Pain Relieving Hydrogel Large",
"Tokuhon Medicated Plaster",
"Total Arthritis",
"Tpr20",
"Triaminic Night Time Rub",
"Triaminic Vapour Patch",
"Triumph Daily Md",
"Ultra Strength Heat Rub",
"Valda Pastilles",
"Valda Pastilles Lemon Flavoured",
"Vaporisateur Medicamente",
"Vaporizing Colds Rub - Ont",
"Vaporizing Colds Rub - Ont",
"Vapourizing Chest Rub",
"Vaseline Brand Lip Therapy Medicated Tube",
"Vicks Blue Throat Drops 0.3%",
"Vicks Blue Throat Drops Loz 0.307%",
"Vicks Vaposyrup Liq 0.125%",
"Watkins Analgesic Balm",
"Welby Medicated Relief Patch",
"White Flower Ointment",
"Wrigley's Alpine",
"Wrigley's Alpine Cherry",
"X-seb T Plus Conditioning Shampoo",
"X-tar Shampoo",
"Yakkongmo hair serum tonic",
"Yumaki Original Mint Tooth",
"Z-plus Shampoo",
"Zenol Cool",
"Zilactin-lip (regular and Cherry Flavour)"
] |
[] |
[
"RICHENNAPHARM GROWMAX Hair care Tonic",
"Atomy Herbal Hair Tonic",
"Pain ReliefPatches Patches",
"Mini Pain Relief",
"Family Care Pain Relief",
"Huo Pao Tieh Ta Feng Shin Kao",
"Ginsenggo",
"Family Care Pain Relief",
"bB Medicated Pain Relieving Oil",
"bB Medicated Pain Relieving Oil",
"MOMR Rumaian Herbal Bandage",
"K2c",
"K2k",
"Dbk",
"LexiCaps",
"Medicated Pain",
"Relyyt",
"Relyyks",
"Sinsinpap Cool",
"Leader Medicated Relief Patch",
"LexiLido",
"Anodyne Ile",
"Welby Medicated Relief Patch",
"Yumaki Original Mint Tooth",
"Pain Relief",
"Orajel Denture Pain Relief",
"Antiphlamine Coin Plaster",
"Antiphlamine Coin Plaster",
"Tiger Balm Pain Relieving Hydrogel Large",
"Tiger Balm Pain Relieving Hydrogel",
"Coralite Pain Relief",
"CVS Medicated Pain",
"Satohap Pads",
"Satogesic",
"Cho-A Point Plaster",
"Herbon Original Cherry",
"Muscle Rub Ultra Strength",
"Rx Act",
"Molyhen",
"Pain Relief",
"Medicated Chest",
"AmeriPatch",
"La Jiao Feng Shi Gao",
"Artrex",
"balsam peru oil PainAway with natural peppermint and Balsam Peru",
"Doloran",
"Remedy Phytoplex Calazime Protectant",
"Dermasarra",
"Dermaseptin",
"Doctor Hoys Natural Pain Relief",
"SINSINPAS Pain Relieving Patch",
"Satohap Lidocaine 4% Menthol 1% Pain Relieving Cream",
"Antiphlamine",
"PM External",
"Cool Pap Cataplasma",
"Cool Pap Cataplasma",
"Cho-a PAP",
"Pelo Scalp Tonic Sheet",
"Medicated Pain",
"Napropak Cool",
"AVON HeXashield Pain Relief for Muscle, Back and Joint Cream",
"Tact Cool Jelly",
"Satohap",
"Tact",
"Cho-A Point Plaster",
"Arex Sinsin Pas",
"Arex Sinsin Pas",
"Orajel 4X Medicated For Toothache and Gum, Cream",
"Orajel 4X Medicated PM For Toothache and Gum",
"Orajel 4X Medicated For Toothache and Gum",
"Orajel 3X Medicated For Toothache and Gum",
"Air Sinsinpas-EX",
"Sinsin Mulpas",
"Satohap",
"Benzocaine",
"Yakkongmo hair serum tonic",
"Dermoplast Pain Relieving",
"Crazyskin Beers",
"DG Health Maximum Strength Cold n Hot",
"Jikimi Patch",
"Kaydia Patch",
"Total Arthritis",
"NOpiod-TC",
"Orajel Gum Pain 3X Medicated",
"Satogesic",
"New NBF GINGIVAL Gel",
"NOpioid-TC",
"Antiphlamine",
"Crazyskin Beers Premium",
"CVS Health Maximum Strength Lidocaine Pain Relief Cream Plus Menthol",
"Maximum Strenght Lidocaine plus Menthol Pain Relief Patch",
"EVERYTOKTOK Hair Tonic",
"Dermoplast Insect Itch and Sting Relief",
"Dermoplast Sunburn and Burn Relief",
"Neolinn",
"Sinsinpas Arexlotion",
"Blistex Dct",
"Buckley's Nighttime Cough & Congestion",
"Gold Bond Medicated Anti-itch Cream",
"Salonpas Gel-patch",
"Strepsils Extra Black Cherry",
"Benylin Extra Strength Cough Complete",
"Benylin Extra Strength Cough & Chest Congestion",
"Benylin Extra Strength Chest Congestion & Cold",
"Sucrets Complete",
"Gold Bond Anti-itch Lotion",
"Benylin Extra Strength Mucus & Phlegm Plus Cough Control",
"Buckley's Complete PM - Nighttime",
"Buckley's Complete Plus Extra Strength Mucus Relief",
"Cepacol Sensations Sore Throat & Blocked Nose",
"Cepacol Sensations Sore Throat & Cough",
"Calmomusc Liq",
"Emertussif Lozenges",
"Honey Lemon Menthol Eucalyptus Cough Dps",
"X-tar Shampoo",
"Therapeutic Soothing Ice Gel",
"Bye Bye Bite Lot",
"Glenalgesic Blue Gel",
"Arthricare Pain Relieving Rub Triple Medicated Gel",
"Arthricare for Women Multi-action",
"Anbesol Maximum Strength Liquid",
"Bronchozone Cough Syrup Certified",
"Analgesic Balm",
"Denorex Extra Strength Medicated Shampoo",
"Antibiotic Cold Sore Ointment",
"Savex Ont",
"Sarna P",
"Triaminic Night Time Rub",
"Half and Half Balm",
"Therapeutic Heat Lotion",
"Rubbex Creme",
"Polytar AF Shampoo",
"Inno Rheuma Cream",
"Ease Pain Away Analgesic Lotion",
"Cold Sore Lotion",
"Scalpicin Anti-dandruff Anti-itch Liquid",
"Myoflex Ice Cold Plus - Gel",
"Banana Boat Sooth-A-caine W.moist.aloe V.gel",
"Analgesic Balm",
"Vaseline Brand Lip Therapy Medicated Tube",
"Camocare Pain Relieving Cream",
"Salonpas Medicated Plaster",
"Balminil Nasal Ointment",
"Denorex Extra Strength Medicated Shampoo With Conditioners",
"Menthacin - Cream",
"Naturland Sports Cream",
"Inno Rheuma Massage Oil",
"Lipsorex - Gel",
"Arthricare for Women Nighttime",
"Naturland Inno Rheuma Cream",
"Kaz Inhalant",
"Medicated Analgesic Cream",
"Vaporisateur Medicamente",
"Ultra Strength Heat Rub",
"Vapourizing Chest Rub",
"Halls Extra Strong Mentho-lyptus Cough Tab",
"Amber Mouthwash - Liq",
"Myoflex Ice Plus - Crm",
"Sore Throat Lozenges Menthol Flavour",
"Myoflex Ice Cold Plus - Gel",
"Inarub Crm",
"Analgesic Balm",
"Sport Rub - Cream",
"Tokuhon Medicated Plaster",
"Salonpas - Pls Top",
"Amber Mouth Wash - Liq",
"Antiseptic Mouth Rinse - Liq",
"Medicated Chest Rub - Ont Top",
"Kwan Tak Hing Plaster - Pad-pls",
"Dermarest Plus - Gel",
"Bronchodex Fort-DM Syr",
"Halls Mentho Lyptus Cough Tab Cherry",
"Halls Mentho Lyptus Cough Tab Regular",
"Halls Mentho Lyptus Cough Tab Honey Lemon",
"Dentalgar Liq",
"Carboseptol",
"Antiphlogistine Rub A535",
"Alsirub Ont",
"Halls Mentho Lyptus Tab Coolmint",
"Watkins Analgesic Balm",
"Thermo Rub Ont",
"Phytorub Ont",
"Marco Rub Camphorated Ont",
"Jack and Jill Rub",
"Infraline Liq",
"Thunas Salve for Rheumatic Pains",
"Thuna Balsam Salve Ont",
"Mentholatum Cough Drops",
"Beech Nut Wild Cherry Cough Dps",
"Beech-nut Menthol Cough Drops",
"Cal Mo Dol Ont",
"Halls Mentho Lyptus Cough Tab",
"Onguent Camphre Menthol Alsi",
"Carmatis Ont",
"Campho Rex",
"Bronchodex-rub",
"Pastilles Valda",
"Bentasil Red",
"Camphorated Ointment Compound",
"Gouttes Dentaires",
"Antiphlogistine Rub A 535 Extra Strength",
"Bronchodex Vapo Ont",
"Mentholatum Extra Strength Ont",
"Halls Mentho Lyptus Cough Tab Black Currant",
"Beech Nut Honey Lemon Cough Drops",
"Bite Relief",
"Savex With Paba",
"Bentasil Yellow",
"Bentasil Green",
"Medicated Chest Rub",
"Gold Bond Medicated Body Powder",
"Valda Pastilles Lemon Flavoured",
"Anbesol Liquid",
"Lotion Pour Feux Sauvages",
"Calmitol Itching Relief Ont",
"Halls Centres Honey-lemon Loz",
"Halls Centres Reg Loz",
"Sucrets Cherry Vapour Action Loz",
"Savex With Sunscreen Ont",
"Sucrets Honey Lemon Vapour Action Loz",
"Chapstick Medicated Lip Balm - Stk",
"Chapstick Medicated Lip Balm - Jar",
"Chapstick Medicated Lip Balm - Tube",
"Halls Mentho-lyptus Cough Tablets Orange",
"Medicated Blistex Dct Lip Balm",
"Medicated Vapourizer Fluid",
"Dr.'s Cream",
"Pulmoll Menthol - Eucalyptol Pastilles",
"Medicated Chest Rub - Ont",
"Pain-A-trate Cream",
"Chest Rub Ont",
"Pulmoll Pastilles",
"Valda Pastilles",
"Lipsorex-gel",
"Cool Mint Antiseptic Mouthwash",
"Banana Boat Medicated Lip Balm",
"Natur 911",
"Cold Sore Lotion",
"Thera Patch",
"Itch Nix",
"Kiro Rub",
"Zilactin-lip (regular and Cherry Flavour)",
"Beech Nut Wild Cherry Cough Drop",
"Beech Nut Menthol Cough Drop",
"Beech Nut Honey Lemon Cough Drop",
"Arthricare for Women Ultra Strength",
"Flexall Stick",
"Halls Mentho-lyptus Cough Tablets Black Currant",
"Halls Mentho-lyptus Cough Tablets Orange",
"Halls Mentho-lyptus Cough Tablets Mountain Menthol",
"Bentasil Cherry",
"Bentasil Honey-lemon",
"Obus Form Therapeutic Heat Rub",
"Menthacin Lotion",
"Chase Coldsorex",
"Balminil Camphorub",
"Arthritis Pain Reliever Herbalife",
"Arthrocare Lotion",
"Marathon Deep Heat Rub",
"Halls Centres Regular",
"Biofreeze",
"Heat Rub",
"Lipsorex",
"Strepsils Sore Throat Blocked Nose",
"Prosync Muscle Rub",
"Poudre",
"Kiro-rub",
"Bentasil Extra Strength Eucalyptus",
"Strepsils Cherry",
"Arthro Rheuma Cream",
"Wrigley's Alpine",
"Therapatch Vapor - Chest",
"Therapatch Vapour - Nose & Chin",
"Halls Lemon-lime",
"Médi-rub",
"Bentasil Extra Strength Menthol",
"Cuticura Medicated Body Powder",
"Perform",
"Wrigley's Alpine Cherry",
"Kama Sutra Pleasure Balm",
"Minard's Joint Relief",
"Triaminic Vapour Patch",
"Medicated Body Powder",
"Orajel Ultra Canker Sore Medicine",
"Banana Boat Sooth-A-caine Spray Gel",
"Orajel Multi-action Cold Sore Medicine",
"Pommade Au The Des Bois",
"Orajel Denture Plus",
"Myoflex Extra Strength Ice",
"Avon Healthy Remedies Menthol & Camphor Soothing Relief Gel",
"Bentasil Extra Strength Menthol",
"Lipsorex Plus",
"Apr15",
"Strepsils Cool",
"Rhino-vaccin",
"PrameGel",
"Cough Lozenges",
"Cam Sun (huile Therapeutique)",
"Eagle Brand Medicated Oil",
"Bronchophan Onguent Vaporisant",
"Benylin Extra Strength With Menthactin",
"New Ammeltz",
"Hemo-pic",
"Itch relief Cream",
"Sun Burn Relief Cream",
"Medicated Lipbalm",
"Benylin DM-D-E Extra Strength With Menthactin",
"Benylin 1 Nightime With Menthactin",
"Benylin 1 With Menthactin",
"Benylin DM-D-E With Menthactin",
"Benylin DM-D With Menthactin",
"Benylin DM-D Soft Chews With Menthactin",
"Z-plus Shampoo",
"Lip Conditioner Lip Balm",
"Arthritis Extra Strength Roll-ON Lotion",
"Sucrets Complete Sore Throat, Cough and Irritation",
"X-seb T Plus Conditioning Shampoo",
"Kobi - Crm",
"Vaporizing Colds Rub - Ont",
"Vaporizing Colds Rub - Ont",
"Burn Relief Cream",
"Denorex Extra Strength Medicated Shampoo",
"Buckley's Complete Plus Mucous Relief",
"Burn Relief Gel",
"Multi-action Denorex 2-IN-1 Dandruff Shampoo + Conditioner",
"Denorex Extra Strength Medicated Shampoo With Conditioners",
"Multi-action Denorex Dandruff Shampoo",
"Capsodan Cream",
"Icy Hot Lidocaine Pain Relieving Cream Plus Menthol",
"Absorbine Power Gel",
"Cold Sore Treatment",
"Denorex Medicated Shampoo With Conditioners",
"Denorex Medicated Shampoo - Regular",
"Denorex Medicated Shampoo Spring Fresh",
"Absorbine Jr Antifungal Liq",
"Au Kah Chuen Skin Lotion",
"Cm Systems 2 Gel",
"Gold Bond Medicated Body Lotion",
"Gold Bond Extra Strength Medicated Body Lotion",
"Halls Mentho-lyptus Cough Tablets Peach",
"Halls Mentho-lyptus Cough Tablets Pink Grapefruit",
"Halls Mentho-lyptus Cough Tablets Pink Grapefruit/peach",
"Halls Soothers Sore Throat Lozenges",
"Halls Ocean Blue",
"Halls Lime",
"Halls Grape",
"Halls Extra Strong",
"Halls Extra Strong",
"Halls Extra Strong",
"Halls Extra Strong",
"Halls Extra Strong",
"Halls Extra Strong",
"Halls Extra Strong",
"Halls Extra Strong",
"Halls Extra Strong",
"Halls Extra Strong",
"Halls Extra Strong Cherry",
"Benylin Extra Strength for People With Diabetes",
"Suppress Ointment",
"Hemovirtu's Hemorrhoidal Ointment",
"Benylin Extra Strength Mucus & Phlegm",
"Buckley's Mucus & Phlegm",
"Cepacol Sensations Cooling",
"Buckley's Complete",
"Buckley's Chest Congestion",
"Flex-OL",
"Absorbine Jr Extra Strength Liniment",
"Absorbine Jr Liniment",
"Tpr20",
"Novae Pain Relief Analgesic Lotion",
"White Flower Ointment",
"Benylin Extra Strength Sore Throat & Cough",
"Lidocaine plus Menthol",
"Arthritis Pain Relief",
"Cepacol Sensations Cool Mint",
"Icy Hot Lidocaine No Mess Applicator Plus Menthol",
"Aflexeryl-LC",
"Aflexeryl-MC",
"Mentholatum",
"Essentials Herbal Muscle Massage",
"Triumph Daily Md",
"Satohap",
"Satohap",
"Satogesic",
"Satohap Cool and Hot Pads",
"TIGER Balm PAIN RELIEVING HYDROGEL",
"Sinsinpas Arex Instant Pain Relief (not for Sale)",
"Sinsinpas Arex Instant Pain Relief Small",
"Elizabeth Health Style Ice Cold",
"Elizabeth Health Style Chestrub Vaporizing Action",
"Sinsinpas Arexgel",
"Antiphlamine",
"CH6 Scalp Ssag Serum Red Edition",
"EVERYTOKTOK Hair Tonic",
"Ch6 Greenol Herb Hair Control Non Wash Treatment",
"Ch6 Scalp Ssag",
"Ch6 Scalp Ssag Serum",
"Elizabeth Health Style Chestrub Vaporizing Action",
"MCM Topical Gel Patch",
"The Fact Hair Care Scalp Booster Ampoule",
"Daily all in one ample",
"Hair loss care-shampoo",
"CHI. JOA (Anti-inflammatory effect, antibacterial effect, stomatitis improvement, plaque removal)",
"Zenol Cool",
"Sore Throat Lozenges",
"Hair Loss Care-shampoo",
"Daily all in one ample",
"Tiger Balm Pain Relieving",
"MONPURIEL Daily all in one ample",
"MONPURIEL Daily all in one ample",
"MONPURIEL Hair loss care-shampoo",
"MONPURIEL Hair Loss Care-shampoo",
"Sore Throat & Cough Extra Strength",
"Solucodan-H",
"Solucodan Syrup",
"Precise Cooling Pain Relief Cream",
"Fenovar"
] |
[
"Q7Z2W7",
"O75762",
"Q8NET8",
"Q13936",
"Q01668",
"O60840",
"Q13698",
"Q02641",
"Q08289",
"P54284",
"O00305",
"O00555",
"P41145"
] |
[
"P08684"
] |
[] |
[] |
DB00826
|
Natamycin
|
Amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically. [PubChem]
|
solid
|
For the treatment of fungal blepharitis, conjunctivitis, and keratitis caused by susceptible organisms including <i>Fusarium solani</i> keratitis.
|
Natamycin is an antifungal drug for topical ophthalmic administration. It is a tetraene polyene antibiotic derived from <i>Streptomyces natalensis</i>. It possesses in vitro activity against a variety of yeast and filamentous fungi, including <i>Candida</i>, <i>Aspergillus</i>, <i>Cephalosporium</i>, <i>Fusarium</i> and <i>Penicillium</i>. Although the activity against fungi is dose-related, natamycin is predominantly fungicidal. Natamycin is not effective in vitro against gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria. Topical administration appears to produce effective concentrations of natamycin within the corneal stroma but not in intraocular fluid.
|
Like other polyene antibiotics, Natamycin inhibits fungal growth by binding to sterols. Specifically, Natamycin binds to ergosterol in the plasma membrane, preventing ergosterol-dependent fusion of vacuoles, as well as membrane fusion and fission. This differs from the mechanism of most other polyene antibiotics, which tend to work by altering fungal membrane permeability instead.
|
Systemic absorption should not be expected following topical administration, and as with other polyene antibiotics, absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is very poor.
| null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organic oxygen compounds
|
Organooxygen compounds
|
Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"G01AA",
"G01A",
"G01",
"G",
"D01AA",
"D01A",
"D01",
"D",
"A01AB",
"A01A",
"A01",
"A",
"S01AA",
"S01A",
"S01",
"S",
"A07AA",
"A07A",
"A07",
"A"
] |
[
"Various Fungus Species"
] |
[
{
"cost": "14.16",
"description": "Natacyn eye drops",
"unit": "ml"
}
] |
[] |
Natamicina | Natamycin | Natamycine | Natamycinum | Pimaracin | Pimaricin
|
[
"Natacyn",
"Natacyn",
"Natacyn"
] |
[
"Delvocid",
"Fukricin",
"InfectoMyk",
"N-Mycin",
"Natadrops",
"Natamet",
"Natamycyna",
"Natezhen",
"Natoph",
"Natoptic",
"Optinat",
"Pimafucin",
"Pimafusin",
"Pimaricin"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00827
|
Cinoxacin
|
Synthetic antimicrobial related to oxolinic acid and nalidixic acid and used in urinary tract infections.
|
solid
|
For the treatment of initial and recurrent urinary tract infections in adults caused by the following susceptible microorganisms: <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Proteus mirabilis</i>, <i>Proteus vulgaris</i>, <i>Klebsiella</i> species (including <i>K. pneumoniae</i>), and <i>Enterobacter</i> species.
|
Cinoxacin is a synthetic antibacterial agent with <i>in vitro</i> activity against many gram-negative aerobic bacteria, particularly strains of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Cinoxacin inhibits bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis, is bactericidal, and is active over the entire urinary pH range. Cross resistance with nalidixic acid has been demonstrated.
|
Evidence exists that cinoxacin binds strongly, but reversibly, to DNA, interfering with synthesis of RNA and, consequently, with protein synthesis. It appears to also inhibit DNA gyrase. This enzyme is necessary for proper replicated DNA separation. By inhibiting this enzyme, DNA replication and cell division is inhibited.
|
Rapidly absorbed after oral administration. While concurrent food intake may delay the drug absorption, the total drug absorption is not affected.
|
Hepatic, with approximately 30-40% metabolized to inactive metabolites.
|
Oral, subcutaneous, and intravenous LD<sub>50</sub> in the rat is 3610 mg/kg, 1380 mg/kg, and 860 mg/kg, respectively. Oral, subcutaneous, and intravenous LD<sub>50</sub> in the mouse is 2330 mg/kg, 900 mg/kg, and 850 mg/kg, respectively. Symptoms following an overdose of cinoxacin may include gastrointestinal effects such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, and diarrhea; the severity of the epigastric distress and diarrhea are dose-related. Headache, dizziness, insomnia, photophobia, tinnitus, and a tingling sensation have also been reported in some patients.
|
While the mean serum half-life is 1.5 hours, the half-life may exceed 10 hours in case of renal impairment.
|
60 to 80%
| null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Diazanaphthalenes
|
Benzodiazines
|
[
"approved",
"investigational",
"withdrawn"
] |
[
"J01MB",
"J01M",
"J01",
"J"
] |
[
"Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria"
] |
[] |
[] |
1-ethyl-6,7-methylenedioxy-4(1H)-oxocinnoline-3-carboxylic acid | 5-Ethyl-8-oxo-5,8-dihydro-1,3-dioxa-5,6-diaza-cyclopenta[b]naphthalene-7-carboxylic acid | Cinoxacin | Cinoxacine | Cinoxacino | Cinoxacinum | 5.99.1.3 | 5.6.2.2 | DNA topoisomerase II, beta isozyme | 5.6.2.2 | DNA topoisomerase II, alpha isozyme | TOP2 | 1.14.14.1 | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYPIA2 | Cytochrome P(3)450 | Cytochrome P450 4 | Cytochrome P450-P3 | Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase | hOAT1 | hPAHT | hROAT1 | OAT1 | Organic anion transporter 1 | PAH transporter | PAHT | Renal organic anion transporter 1
|
[] |
[
"Cinobac",
"Mecicon",
"Tatsulexin",
"Urocinox"
] |
[] |
[
"Q02880",
"P11388"
] |
[
"P05177"
] |
[] |
[
"Q4U2R8"
] |
DB00828
|
Fosfomycin
|
Fosfomycin was discovered in 1969 by scientists at the Spanish Penicillin and Antibiotics Company and is produced by _Streptomyces fradiae_.[A229338,A230348] It may also be produced synthetically and is commercially available as the disodium salt for intravenous administration and as the calcium or trometamol salt for oral administration.[A230348] In terms of chemical structure, fosfomycin is a phosphoenolpyruvate analog and contains a phosphonic group and an epoxide ring.[A230348]
Due to its ease of administration as a single 3-gram oral dose and desirable safety profile, fosfomycin has largely become a first-line therapeutic option for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in females.[A230378] Despite being FDA approved only for urinary tract infections, fosfomycin actually has a broad spectrum of activity and is active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.[A230348] As such there is great interest in exploring the usefulness of fosfomycin for indications beyond the treatment of UTIs.[A230353,A230358]
|
solid
|
Fosfomycin is indicated for the treatment of uncomplicated cases of cystitis caused by susceptible strains of _Escherichia coli_ and _Enterococcus faecalis_.[L31818] Fosfomycin is not officially indicated for the treatment of pyelonephritis or perinephric abscess, although there have been reported cases of off-label usage in these situations.[L31818]
|
Although used primarily to treat urinary tract infections, fosfomycin has been shown to act synergistically with other antibiotics against clinically relevant bacteria.[A229338] There is also growing interest in the potential of fosfomycin to treat more complex infections since it has retained activity against many difficult-to-treat strains of bacteria including methicillin-resistant _Staphylococcus aureus_ (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant enterobacteria.[A230358] Further, since fosfomycin has a unique and singular mechanism of action, the risk of cross-resistance with other antibiotics is low.[A230353,A230348]
Fosfomycin also demonstrates immunomodulating properties. For example, the antibiotic may influence components of the acute inflammatory cytokine response and enhances neutrophil phagocytic destruction of pathogens.[A229338,A230343]
Fosfomycin penetrates biofilms effectively and is capable of not only reducing or eliminating microorganisms in biofilms but can also alter the biofilm structure.[A229338,A230358]
|
Fosfomycin exerts its bactericidal effects by binding covalently to a cysteine in the active site of the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (MurA) enzyme, rendering it inactive. By preventing MurA from catalyzing the condensation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) with UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UNAG), fosfomycin inhibits the production of the peptidoglycan precursor UDP N-acetylmuramic acid (UDP-MurNAc).[A229338,L31818] Ultimately, the first step of bacterial cell wall synthesis is disrupted.[A230348]
In _Escherichia coli_, fosfomycin gains entry into bacterial cells via two mechanisms: the L-alpha-glycerophosphate system and the hexose-6-phosphate transporter system.[A229338]
Fosfomycin also has important effects on cell adhesion. For example, the adhesion of bacterial cells to urinary epithelial cells is reduced in the presence of fosfomycin. The adhesion of _Streptococcus pneumoniae_ and _Haemophilus influenzae_ to respiratory epithelial cells is also reduced[A229338]
|
Fosfomycin is a low molecular weight and hydrophilic drug. When administered orally, fosfomycin is rapidly absorbed in the small intestine and distributed widely to the tissues.[A229338,A229343,A229348,L31818] The oral bioavailability ranges from 34-58%.[A229338] Co-administration of fosfomycin with food decreases gastrointestinal absorption to approximately 30%.[A229338] The reported AUC = 145-228 mg x h/L, while the reported Cmax = 26.1 (∓9.1) mcg/mL.[A229338,L31818]
|
Fosfomycin is not metabolized and is predominantly excreted unchanged in the urine.[A229343,A229348]
|
Acute toxicology studies have found that oral fosfomycin doses 50-125 times the human therapeutic dose were well-tolerated in rats and mice, resulted in minor and transient watery stools in rabbits, and caused diarrhea with anorexia in dogs 2-3 days after single-dose administration.[L31818]
In humans, symptoms of overdose have included impaired hearing, vestibular loss, general decline in taste perception, and metallic taste. In the event of overdose, the patient should be managed with symptomatic and supportive measures.[L31818]
|
The mean elimination half-life of fosfomycin is 5.7 (∓2.8) hours.[L31818]
|
Fosfomycin does not bind to plasma proteins to any significant extent.[A229343,A229348]
|
Fosfomycin is excreted almost entirely by the kidneys.[A229343] Factors including administration with food, impaired renal function, and older age may reduce the rate of fosfomycin elimination.[A229338]
|
In healthy subjects, the volume of distribution (Vd) of fosfomycin is approximately 0.3 L/Kg.[A229343] Due to changes in the vascular endothelium, the Vd can be up to 50% higher in critically ill patients.[A229343]
|
In one study, the reported CL/F of fosfomycin in healthy volunteers was 17 ∓ 4.7 L/hour.[A230443]
|
Organic compounds
|
Organic acids and derivatives
|
Organic phosphonic acids and derivatives
|
Organic phosphonic acids
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"S02AA",
"S02A",
"S02",
"S",
"J01XX",
"J01X",
"J01",
"J"
] |
[
"Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria"
] |
[
{
"cost": "9.48",
"description": "Viramune 200 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "47.07",
"description": "Monurol 3 gm sachet",
"unit": "each"
},
{
"cost": "50.87",
"description": "Monurol 3 gm Packets",
"unit": "packet"
}
] |
[] |
(-)-(1R,2S)-(1,2-Epoxypropyl)phosphonic acid | (1R,2S)-epoxypropylphosphonic acid | (2R-cis)-(3-Methyloxiranyl)phosphonic acid | 1R-cis-(1,2-epoxypropyl)phosphonic acid | cis-(1R,2S)-epoxypropylphosphonic acid | FCM | Fosfocina | Fosfomicina | Fosfomycin | Fosfomycine | Fosfomycinum | L-cis-1,2-epoxypropylphosphonic acid | Phosphomycin | Phosphonemycin | Phosphonomycin | 2.5.1.7 | Enoylpyruvate transferase | EPT | murZ | UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase
|
[
"Fosfomycin Powder for Oral Solution",
"Fosfomycin Tromethamine",
"Fosfomycin Tromethamine",
"Fosfomycin Tromethamine",
"Fosfomycin Tromethamine",
"Fosfomycin Tromethamine",
"Fosfomycin Tromethamine",
"Fosfomycin Tromethamine",
"Fosfomycin Tromethamine",
"Ivozfo",
"Ivozfo",
"Ivozfo",
"Jamp-fosfomycin",
"Monurol",
"Monurol"
] |
[
"Veramina"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00829
|
Diazepam
|
A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acid activity. It is used in the treatment of severe anxiety disorders, as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia, as a sedative and premedicant, as an anticonvulsant, and in the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p589)
Given diazepam's storied history as a commonly used and effective medication for a variety of indications, contemporary advancements in the formulation and administration of the agent include the development and US FDA approval of an auto-injectable formulation for the rapid treatment of uncontrolled seizures in 2015-2016 [L5200]. Combining diazepam, a proven effective therapy for acute repetitive seizures, with an auto-injector designed for subcutaneous administration that is quickly and easily administered offers the potential for complete, consistent drug absorption and rapid onset of effect [L5200]. This current development is subsequently an important addition to the rescue therapy tool chest for patients with epilepsy [L5200].
|
solid
|
In general, diazepam is useful in the symptomatic management of mild to moderate degrees of anxiety in conditions dominated by tension, excitation, agitation, fear, or aggressiveness such as may occur in psychoneurosis, anxiety reactions due to stress conditions, and anxiety states with somatic expression.[F3160]
Moreover, in acute alcoholic withdrawal, diazepam may be useful in the symptomatic relief of acute agitation, tremor, and impending acute delirium tremens.[F3160]
Furthermore, diazepam is a useful adjunct for the relief of skeletal muscle spasm due to reflex spasm to local pathologies, such as inflammation of the muscle and joints or secondary to trauma; spasticity caused by upper motor neuron disorders, such as cerebral palsy and paraplegia; athetosis and the rare "stiff man syndrome".[F3160]
Particular label information from the United Kingdom also lists particular age-specific indications, including for adults: (1) The short-term relief (2-4 weeks) only, of anxiety which is severe, disabling, or subjecting the individual to unacceptable distress, occurring alone or in association with insomnia or short-term psychosomatic, organic or psychotic illness, (2) cerebral palsy, (3) muscle spasm, (4) as an adjunct to certain types of epilepsy (eg. myoclonus), (5) symptomatic treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal, (6) as oral premedication for the nervous dental patient, and (7) for premedication before surgery.[L5188]
In the same UK label information, diazepam is indicated in children for: (1) control of tension and irritability in cerebral spasticity in selected cases, (2) as an adjunct to the control of muscle spasm in tetanus, and for (3) oral premedication.[L5188]
A diazepam nasal spray is indicated in patients 6 years and older to treat intermittent, stereotypic episodes of frequent seizure activity that are different than the patient's usual seizure pattern.[L11247]
|
Diazepam is a benzodiazepine that exerts anxiolytic, sedative, muscle- relaxant, anticonvulsant and amnestic effects [F3157, F3160, L5188]. Most of these effects are thought to result from facilitation of the action of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system [F3157, F3160, L5188].
|
Diazepam is a benzodiazepine tranquilliser with anticonvulsant, sedative, muscle relaxant and amnesic properties [F3157, F3160, L5188].
Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam, bind to receptors in various regions of the brain and spinal cord. This binding increases the inhibitory effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) [F3157, F3160, L5188]. GABAs functions include CNS involvement in sleep induction. Also involved in the control of hypnosis, memory, anxiety, epilepsy and neuronal excitability [F3157, F3160, L5188].
|
After oral administration, it is considered that diazepam is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract as >90% of diazepam is absorbed and the average time to achieve peak plasma concentrations is 1 – 1.5 hours with a range of 0.25 to 2.5 hours [F3157, F3160, L5188].
Absorption is delayed and decreased when administered with a moderate fat meal [F3157]. In the presence of food mean lag times are approximately 45 minutes as compared with 15 minutes when fasting [F3157]. There is also an increase in the average time to achieve peak concentrations to about 2.5 hours in the presence of food as compared with 1.25 hours when fasting [F3157]. This results in an average decrease in Cmax of 20% in addition to a 27% decrease in AUC (range 15% to 50%) when administered with food [F3157].
|
Diazepam is N-demethylated by CYP3A4 and 2C19 to the active metabolite N-desmethyldiazepam, and is hydroxylated by CYP3A4 to the active metabolite temazepam [F3157, F3160]. N-desmethyldiazepam and temazepam are both further metabolized to oxazepam [F3157, F3160]. Temazepam and oxazepam are further largely eliminated by way of conjugation to glucuronic acid via glucuronidation [F3157, F3160].
Furthermore, oxidation of diazepam is mediated by cytochrome P450 isozymes; formation of desmethyl-diazepam mainly by CYP2C19 and CYP3A and 3-hydroxy-diazepam (temazepam) and oxazepam by CYP3A. Because CYP2C19 is polymorphic, extensive metabolizers (EMs), and poor metabolizers (PMs) of diazepam can be distinguished [F3157, F3160]. PMs of diazepam showed significantly lower clearance (12 vs 26 mL/min) and longer elimination half-life (88 vs 41 h) of diazepam than EMs after a single oral dose [F3157, F3160]. Also, PMs had lower clearance, higher AUC and longer elimination half-life of desmethyl-diazepam [F3157, F3160].
|
The symptoms of diazepam overdose are mainly an intensification of the therapeutic effects (ataxia, drowsiness, dysarthria, sedation, muscle weakness, profound sleep, hypotension, bradycardia, nystagmus) or paradoxical excitation [F3157, F3160, L5188]. In most cases only observation of vital functions is required [F3157, F3160, L5188].
Extreme overdosage may lead to coma, areflexia, cardio-respiratory depression and apnoea, requiring appropriate countermeasures (ventilation, cardiovascular support) [F3157, F3160, L5188].
Benzodiazepine respiratory depressant effects are more serious in patients with severe chronic obstructive airways disease [F3157, F3160, L5188]. Severe effects in overdose also include rhabdomyolysis and hypothermia [L5188]. Overdose of benzodiazepines in combination with other CNS depressants (including alcohol) may be fatal and should be closely monitored [F3157].
In general, the use of diazepam in women of childbearing potential, and more specifically during known pregnancy, should be considered only when the clinical situation warrants the risk to the fetus [F3157]. The possibility that a woman of childbearing potential may be pregnant at the time of institution of therapy should be considered [F3157]. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus [F3157]. Patients should also be advised that if they become pregnant during therapy or intend to become pregnant they should communicate with their physician about the desirability of discontinuing the drug [F3157].
Special care must be taken when diazepam is used during labor and delivery, as high single doses may produce irregularities in the fetal heart rate and hypotonia, poor sucking, hypothermia, and moderate respiratory depression in the neonates [F3157]. With newborn infants it must be remembered that the enzyme system involved in the breakdown of the drug is not yet fully developed (especially in premature infants) [F3157].
Diazepam passes into breast milk [F3157]. Breastfeeding is therefore not recommended in patients receiving diazepam [F3157].
Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients below the age of 6 months have not been established [F3157].
In elderly patients, it is recommended that the dosage be limited to the smallest effective amount to preclude the development of ataxia or oversedation (2 mg to 2.5 mg once or twice daily, initially to be increased gradually as needed and tolerated) [F3157]. Extensive accumulation of diazepam and its major metabolite, desmethyldiazepam, has been noted following chronic administration of diazepam in healthy elderly male subjects. Metabolites of this drug are known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions may be greater in patients with impaired renal function [F3157]. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function [F3157].
Decreases in clearance and protein binding, and increases in volume of distribution and half-life has been reported in patients with cirrhosis [F3157]. In such patients, a 2- to 5- fold increase in mean half-life has been reported [F3157]. Delayed elimination has also been reported for the active metabolite desmethyldiazepam [F3157]. Benzodiazepines are commonly implicated in hepatic encephalopathy [F3157]. Increases in half-life have also been reported in hepatic fibrosis and in both acute and chronic hepatitis [F3157].
|
Diazepam has a biphasic half-life with an initial rapid distribution phase followed by a prolonged terminal elimination phase of 1 or 2 days; its action is further prolonged by the even longer half-life of 2-5 days of its principal active metabolite, desmethyldiazepam (nordiazepam), the relative proportion of which increases in the body on long-term administration [L5188]. The plasma half-life of diazepam is prolonged in neonates, in the elderly, and in patients with kidney or liver disease [L5188].
|
Despite high binding to plasma proteins (98-99%) - mainly albumin and to a lesser extent α1-acid glycoprotein - diazepam is widely distributed into tissues and crosses the blood-brain barrier and is highly lipid soluble, which causes the initial effects to decrease rapidly as it is redistributed into fat deposits and tissues [F3157, F3160, L5188].
|
Diazepam and its metabolites are excreted mainly in the urine, predominantly as their glucuronide conjugates [F3157, F3160, L5188].
|
In young healthy males, the volume of distribution at steady-state is 0.8 to 1.0 L/kg [F3157].
|
The clearance of diazepam is 20 to 30 mL/min in young adults [F3157, F3160].
|
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Benzodiazepines
|
1,4-benzodiazepines
|
[
"approved",
"illicit",
"investigational",
"vet_approved"
] |
[
"N05BA",
"N05B",
"N05",
"N"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.23",
"description": "Diazemuls 5 mg/ml Emulsion",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "2.43",
"description": "Valium 2 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "2.55",
"description": "Valium 5 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "3.99",
"description": "Diazepam powder",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "6.06",
"description": "Valium 10 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "362.12",
"description": "Diastat 2.5 mg pedi system",
"unit": "each"
},
{
"cost": "413.6",
"description": "Diastat AcuDial 20 mg Gel 1 Box Contains Two 20 mg Syringes",
"unit": "box"
},
{
"cost": "423.95",
"description": "Diastat AcuDial 10 mg Gel 1 Box Contains Two 10 mg Syringes",
"unit": "box"
},
{
"cost": "429.58",
"description": "Diastat acudial 12.5-15-20 mg",
"unit": "each"
},
{
"cost": "429.58",
"description": "Diastat acudial 5-7.5-10 mg kit",
"unit": "kit"
},
{
"cost": "0.05",
"description": "Apo-Diazepam 2 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.07",
"description": "Apo-Diazepam 5 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.09",
"description": "Apo-Diazepam 10 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.17",
"description": "Diazepam 5 mg/ml vial",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.26",
"description": "Diazepam 2 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.3",
"description": "Diazepam 5 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.38",
"description": "Diazepam 10 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.69",
"description": "Diazepam 5 mg/ml",
"unit": "ml"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "1995-10-31",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2013-09-17",
"number": "5462740"
},
{
"approved": "2006-01-31",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2014-09-12",
"number": "2171627"
},
{
"approved": "2019-04-23",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2025-05-11",
"number": "10265402"
},
{
"approved": "2017-05-09",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2025-05-11",
"number": "9642913"
},
{
"approved": "2014-11-25",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2029-03-27",
"number": "8895546"
},
{
"approved": "2015-01-06",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2025-07-21",
"number": "8927497"
},
{
"approved": "2017-09-19",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2029-03-27",
"number": "9763876"
},
{
"approved": "2009-03-27",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2029-03-27",
"number": "11241414"
},
{
"approved": "2009-03-27",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2029-03-27",
"number": "11793786"
},
{
"approved": "2018-06-18",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2038-06-18",
"number": "11273131"
}
] |
7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one | Diazepam | Methyl diazepinone | NRL-1 | BZRP | MBR | Mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor | PBR | Peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor | PKBS | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-1 | GABAAR subunit alpha-1 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-2 | GABAAR subunit alpha-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-3 | GABAAR subunit alpha-3 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-4 | GABAAR subunit alpha-4 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-5 | GABAAR subunit alpha-5 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-6 | GABAAR subunit alpha-6 | GABA(A) receptor subunit beta-1 | GABAAR subunit beta-1 | GABA(A) receptor subunit beta-2 | GABAAR subunit beta-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit beta-3 | GABAAR subunit beta-3 | GABA(A) receptor subunit delta | GABAAR subunit delta | GABA(A) receptor subunit epsilon | GABAAR subunit epsilon | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-1 | GABAAR subunit gamma-1 | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-2 | GABAAR subunit gamma-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-3 | GABAAR subunit gamma-3 | GABA(A) receptor subunit pi | GABAAR subunit pi | GABA(A) receptor subunit theta | GABAAR subunit theta | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-1 | GABAAR subunit alpha-1 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-2 | GABAAR subunit alpha-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-3 | GABAAR subunit alpha-3 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-5 | GABAAR subunit alpha-5 | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-1 | GABAAR subunit gamma-1 | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-2 | GABAAR subunit gamma-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-3 | GABAAR subunit gamma-3 | (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2C10 | CYPIIC9 | Cytochrome P-450MP | Cytochrome P450 MP-4 | Cytochrome P450 MP-8 | Cytochrome P450 PB-1 | S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIIA7 | Cytochrome P450-HFLA | P450HLp2 | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase | (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIC17 | CYPIIC19 | Cytochrome P450-11A | Cytochrome P450-254C | Fenbendazole monooxygenase (4'-hydroxylating) | Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIIA5 | Cytochrome P450-PCN3 | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.13.- | CYPIIB6 | Cytochrome P450 IIB1 | 1.14.99.1 | COX-1 | COX1 | Cyclooxygenase-1 | PGH synthase 1 | PGHS-1 | PHS 1 | Prostaglandin H2 synthase 1 | Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIC18 | Cytochrome P450-6b/29c | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIC8 | Cytochrome P450 form 1 | Cytochrome P450 IIC2 | Cytochrome P450 MP-12 | Cytochrome P450 MP-20 | S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 | MDR1 | Multidrug resistance protein 1 | P-glycoprotein 1 | PGY1 | Phospholipid transporter ABCB1
|
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"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam",
"Diazepam 10mg Tablets",
"Diazepam 10tab 10mg",
"Diazepam 2mg Tablets",
"Diazepam 2tab 2mg",
"Diazepam 5 Tab",
"Diazepam 5mg Tablets",
"Diazepam Autoinjector",
"Diazepam Injection Sdz",
"Diazepam Injection USP",
"Diazepam Injection USP",
"Diazepam Intensol",
"E Pam Tab 10mg",
"E Pam Tab 2mg",
"E Pam Tab 5mg",
"Gabavale-5",
"Libervant",
"Libervant",
"Libervant",
"Libervant",
"Libervant",
"Meval 2",
"Meval 5",
"Novo-dipam Tab 10mg",
"Novo-dipam Tab 2mg",
"Novo-dipam Tab 5mg",
"PMS-diazepam",
"PMS-diazepam",
"PMS-diazepam",
"PMS-diazepam Solution 1mg/ml",
"Topical Nerve Pain",
"Topical Pain",
"Valium",
"Valium",
"Valium",
"Valium",
"Valium",
"Valium",
"Valium",
"Valium",
"Valium",
"Valium",
"Valium",
"Valium",
"Valium",
"Valium",
"Valium 10 Tab",
"Valium Inj Roche 5mg/ml",
"Valtoco",
"Valtoco",
"Valtoco",
"Valtoco",
"Vivol",
"Vivol",
"Vivol"
] |
[
"Diapam",
"Nervium",
"Relanium"
] |
[
"Gabavale-5",
"Topical Pain",
"Topical Nerve Pain"
] |
[
"P30536",
"P14867",
"P47869",
"P34903",
"P48169",
"P31644",
"Q16445",
"P18505",
"P47870",
"P28472",
"O14764",
"P78334",
"Q8N1C3",
"P18507",
"Q99928",
"O00591",
"Q9UN88",
"P14867",
"P47869",
"P34903",
"P31644",
"Q8N1C3",
"P18507",
"Q99928"
] |
[
"P11712",
"P24462",
"P08684",
"P33261",
"P20815",
"P20813",
"P23219",
"P33260",
"P10632"
] |
[
"P02768"
] |
[
"P08183"
] |
DB00830
|
Phenmetrazine
|
A sympathomimetic drug used primarily as an appetite depressant. Its actions and mechanisms are similar to dextroamphetamine.
|
solid
|
Used as an anorectic in the treatment of obesity.
|
Phenmetrazine is a sympathomimetic drug used primarily as an appetite depressant. Its actions and mechanisms are similar to dextroamphetamine. Amphetamines are non-catecholamine sympathomimetic amines with CNS stimulant activity. Phenmetrazine was originally sold under the tradename Preludin as an anorectic. It has since been removed from the market. It is by some considered to have a greater potential for addiction than the amphetamines, and has been abused in many countries, for example Sweden.
|
Phenmetrazine is thought to block the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into the presynaptic neuron leading to an increase in the release of these monoamines into the extraneuronal space. Dopamine integrates incoming sensory stimuli, initiates and controls fine movement (nigro-neostriatal pathway), controls emotional behavior (midbrain mesolimbic-forebrain system) and controls hypothalamic-pituitary endocrine system (tubero-infundibular system). It is this latter effect on the tubero-infundibular systm that seems to lead to reduced food intake. Phenmetrazine also acts as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor.
|
Readily absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract and buccal mucosa.
|
Primarily hepatic (via CYP3A and CYP2D6). Resistant to metabolism by monoamine oxidase. Metabolism involves deamination to para-hydroxyamphetamine and phenylacetone; this latter compound is subsequently oxidize to benzoic acid and excreted as glucuronide or glycine (hippuric acid) conjugate. Smaller amounts of amphetamine are converted to norephedrine by oxidation.
|
Adult monkeys have an LD<sub>50</sub> of 15 to 20 mg/kg, whereas for young monkeys the LD<sub>50</sub> is only 5 mg/kg. Symptoms of overdose include acute central nervous system stimulation, cardiotoxicity causing tachycardia, arrhythmias, hypertension, and cardiovascular collapse. Whilst some patients show signs of toxicity at blood concentrations of 20 µg/L, chronic abusers of amphetamine have been known to have blood concentration of up to 3000 µg/L.
|
16 to 31 hours
| null | null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Oxazinanes
|
Morpholines
|
[
"approved",
"illicit"
] |
[] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[] |
[] |
2-phenyl-3-methylmorpholine | Fenmetrazin | Fenmetrazina | Phenmetrazin | Phenmetrazine | Phenmetrazinum | NAT1 | NET | NET1 | Norepinephrine transporter | SLC6A5 | Solute carrier family 6 member 2 | DA transporter | DAT | DAT1 | Solute carrier family 6 member 3
|
[] |
[
"Preludin"
] |
[] |
[
"P23975",
"Q01959"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00831
|
Trifluoperazine
|
A phenothiazine with actions similar to chlorpromazine. It is used as an antipsychotic and an antiemetic.
|
solid
|
For the treatment of anxiety disorders, depressive symptoms secondary to anxiety and agitation.
|
Trifluoperazine is a trifluoro-methyl phenothiazine derivative intended for the management of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Trifluoperazine has not been shown effective in the management of behaviorial complications in patients with mental retardation.
|
Trifluoperazine blocks postsynaptic mesolimbic dopaminergic D1 and D2 receptors in the brain; depresses the release of hypothalamic and hypophyseal hormones and is believed to depress the reticular activating system thus affecting basal metabolism, body temperature, wakefulness, vasomotor tone, and emesis.
| null |
Hepatic.
|
Symptoms of overdose include agitation, coma, convulsions, difficulty breathing, difficulty swallowing, dry mouth, extreme sleepiness, fever, intestinal blockage, irregular heart rate, low blood pressure, and restlessness.
|
10-20 hours
| null | null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Benzothiazines
|
Phenothiazines
|
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[
"N05AB",
"N05A",
"N05",
"N"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.08",
"description": "Trifluoperazine 5 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.09",
"description": "Trifluoperazine HCl 5 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.63",
"description": "Trifluoperazine 10 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.7",
"description": "Trifluoperazine HCl 10 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.14",
"description": "Apo-Trifluoperazine 1 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.18",
"description": "Apo-Trifluoperazine 2 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.24",
"description": "Apo-Trifluoperazine 5 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.29",
"description": "Apo-Trifluoperazine 10 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.58",
"description": "Trifluoperazine 1 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.58",
"description": "Apo-Trifluoperazine 20 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.59",
"description": "Trifluoperazine HCl 1 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.86",
"description": "Trifluoperazine 2 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.89",
"description": "Trifluoperazine HCl 2 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
}
] |
[] |
10-[3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)-10H-phenothiazine | Trifluoperazina | Trifluopérazine | Trifluoperazine | Trifluoperazinum | trifluoromethyl-10-(3'-(1-methyl-4-piperazinyl)propyl)phenothiazine | Trifluoroperazine | Trifluperazine | Dopamine D2 receptor | CALM | CAM | CAM1 | CALML2 | CAM3 | CAMC | CAMIII | CAM2 | CAMB | DRD1IP | ADRA1C | Alpha-1A adrenoceptor | Alpha-1A adrenoreceptor | Alpha-1C adrenergic receptor | Alpha-adrenergic receptor 1c | TN-C | TNNC | Calvasculin | CAPL | Metastasin | MTS1 | Placental calcium-binding protein | Protein Mts1 | S100 calcium-binding protein A4 | CALM | CAM | CAM1 | CAM2 | CAMB | CALML2 | CAM3 | CAMC | CAMIII | XDHA | 2.4.1.17 | Bilirubin-specific UDPGT isozyme 2 | GNT1 | hUG-BR2 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-D | UDPGT 1-4 | UGT-1D | UGT1 | UGT1-04 | UGT1.4 | UGT1*4 | UGT1A4 | UGT1D | 1.14.14.1 | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYPIA2 | Cytochrome P(3)450 | Cytochrome P450 4 | Cytochrome P450-P3 | Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase | ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 | MDR1 | Multidrug resistance protein 1 | P-glycoprotein 1 | PGY1 | Phospholipid transporter ABCB1
|
[
"Novo-flurazine Tab 1mg",
"Novo-flurazine Tab 20mg",
"Novo-trifluzine - Tab 10mg",
"Novo-trifluzine - Tab 2mg",
"Novo-trifluzine - Tab 5mg",
"PMS Trifluoperazine HCl Syrup 11.8mg/ml",
"PMS Trifluoperazine Tab 10mg",
"PMS Trifluoperazine Tab 1mg",
"PMS Trifluoperazine Tab 20mg",
"PMS Trifluoperazine Tab 2mg",
"PMS Trifluoperazine Tab 5mg",
"PMS-trifluoperazine HCl Syr 1.18mg/ml",
"Stelabid Forte",
"Stelabid No 1",
"Stelabid No 2",
"Stelazine Tab 10mg",
"Stelazine Tab 1mg",
"Stelazine Tab 2mg",
"Stelazine Tab 5mg",
"Terfluzine Concentrate",
"Terfluzine-1",
"Terfluzine-10",
"Terfluzine-2",
"Terfluzine-5",
"Trifluoperazine",
"Trifluoperazine",
"Trifluoperazine",
"Trifluoperazine",
"Trifluoperazine",
"Trifluoperazine",
"Trifluoperazine 10mg Tablets",
"Trifluoperazine 1mg Tablets",
"Trifluoperazine 2mg Tablets",
"Trifluoperazine 5mg Tablets",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride",
"Trifluoperazine Tab 10mg",
"Trifluoperazine Tab 10mg",
"Trifluoperazine Tab 1mg",
"Trifluoperazine Tab 1mg",
"Trifluoperazine Tab 2mg",
"Trifluoperazine Tab 2mg",
"Trifluoperazine Tab 5mg",
"Trifluoperazine Tab 5mg"
] |
[
"Eskazine",
"Eskazinyl",
"Jatroneural",
"Modalina",
"Stelazine",
"Terfluzine",
"Trifluoperaz",
"Triftazin"
] |
[
"Stelabid Forte",
"Stelabid No 2",
"Stelabid No 1"
] |
[
"P14416",
"P0DP23",
"P0DP25",
"P0DP24",
"Q9NYX4",
"P35348",
"P63316",
"P26447",
"P0DP23",
"P0DP24",
"P0DP25"
] |
[
"P47989",
"P22310",
"P05177"
] |
[] |
[
"P08183"
] |
DB00832
|
Phensuximide
|
Phensuximide is a member of the succinimide class with anticonvulsant properties. It suppresses the paroxysmal three cycle per second spike and wave EEG pattern associated with lapses of consciousness in petit mal seizures. The frequency of attacks is reduced by depression of nerve transmission in the motor cortex.
|
solid
|
For the treatment of epilepsy.
|
Phensuximide suppresses the paroxysmal three cycle per second spike and wave EEG pattern associated with lapses of consciousness in absence (petit mal) seizures. The frequency of attacks is reduced by depression of nerve transmission in the motor cortex.
|
Phensuximide's mechanism of action not understood, but may act in inhibitory neuronal systems that are important in the generation of the three per second rhythm. It's effects may be related to its ability to inhibit depolarization-induced accumulation of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in brain tissue.
|
Rapid and complete.
|
Hepatic.
| null | null |
21%
| null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Pyrrolidines
|
Phenylpyrrolidines
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"N03AD",
"N03A",
"N03",
"N"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[] |
[] |
Fensuccimide | Fensuximida | Phensuximide | Phensuximidum
|
[] |
[
"Lifene",
"Milontin",
"Milonton",
"Succitimal"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00833
|
Cefaclor
|
Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of cephalexin.
|
solid
|
For the treatment of certain infections caused by bacteria such as pneumonia and ear, lung, skin, throat, and urinary tract infections.
|
Cefaclor is a second generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a spectrum resembling first-generation cephalosporins. <i>In vitro</i> tests demonstrate that the bactericidal action of the cephalosporins results from inhibition of cell-wall synthesis. As indicated by _in vitro_ and _in vivo_ clinical studies, cefaclor was shown to be effective against most strains of Gram positive aerobes - Staphylococci (including coagulase-positive, coagulase-negative, and penicillinase-producing strains), <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>, <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> (group A ß-hemolytic streptococci), as well as Gram-negative aerobes - <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> (including ß-lactamase-producing ampicillin-resistant strains), <i>Klebsiella sp</i>, and <i>Proteus mirabilis</i>.
|
Cefaclor, like the penicillins, is a beta-lactam antibiotic. By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, it inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins. It is possible that cefaclor interferes with an autolysin inhibitor.
|
Well absorbed after oral administration, independent of food intake.
|
No appreciable biotransformation in liver (approximately 60% to 85% of the drug is excreted unchanged in the urine within 8 hours).
|
Symptoms of overdose include diarrhea, nausea, stomach upset, and vomiting.
|
0.6-0.9 hour
|
23.5%
|
Approximately 60% to 85% of the drug is excreted unchanged in the urine within 8 hours, the greater portion being excreted within the first 2 hours.
| null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organic acids and derivatives
|
Carboxylic acids and derivatives
|
Amino acids, peptides, and analogues
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"J01DC",
"J01D",
"J01",
"J"
] |
[
"Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.99",
"description": "Raniclor 250 mg chewable tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "2.07",
"description": "Cefaclor 250 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "2.98",
"description": "Raniclor 375 mg chewable tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "3.28",
"description": "Ceclor 250 mg pulvule",
"unit": "each"
},
{
"cost": "3.79",
"description": "Cefaclor CR 500 mg 12 Hour tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "4.05",
"description": "Cefaclor 500 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "5.69",
"description": "Ceclor 500 mg pulvule",
"unit": "each"
},
{
"cost": "14.7",
"description": "Cefaclor 125 mg/5ml Suspension 75ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "14.92",
"description": "Cefaclor 187 mg/5ml Suspension 50ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "27.44",
"description": "Cefaclor 375 mg/5ml Suspension 50ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "29.26",
"description": "Cefaclor 187 mg/5ml Suspension 100ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "29.37",
"description": "Cefaclor 250 mg/5ml Suspension 75ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "29.41",
"description": "Cefaclor 125 mg/5ml Suspension 150ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "31.99",
"description": "Ceclor 250 mg/5ml Suspension 75ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "34.99",
"description": "Ceclor 125 mg/5ml Suspension 150ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "34.99",
"description": "Ceclor 187 mg/5ml Suspension 100ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "38.0",
"description": "Ceclor 15 250 mg capsule Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "53.87",
"description": "Cefaclor 250 mg/5ml Suspension 150ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "53.87",
"description": "Cefaclor 375 mg/5ml Suspension 100ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "58.98",
"description": "Ceclor 250 mg/5ml Suspension 150ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "59.99",
"description": "Ceclor 375 mg/5ml Suspension 100ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "70.0",
"description": "Ceclor 15 500 mg capsule Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
}
] |
[] |
3-Chloro-7-D-(2-phenylglycinamido)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid | CCL | Céfaclor | Cefaclor | Cefaclor anhydrous | Cefaclorum | Céfeaclor | Cephaclor | Putative D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase | PBP1 | 1.11.2.2 | MPO | Intestinal H(+)/peptide cotransporter | Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform | PEPT1 | Peptide transporter 1 | Kidney H(+)/peptide cotransporter | Oligopeptide transporter, kidney isoform | PEPT2 | Peptide transporter 2 | hOAT3 | OAT3 | Organic anion/dicarboxylate exchanger | Solute carrier family 22 member 8 | 7.6.2.- | ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 11 | BSEP
|
[
"Apo-cefaclor",
"Apo-cefaclor",
"Apo-cefaclor",
"Apo-cefaclor",
"Apo-cefaclor",
"Ceclor",
"Ceclor",
"Ceclor",
"Ceclor",
"Ceclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefaclor Capsules",
"Cefaclor Capsules",
"Cefaclor Suspension",
"Cefaclor Suspension",
"Cefaclor Suspension",
"Cefaclor Suspension",
"Cefaclor-125",
"Cefaclor-250",
"Cefaclor-250",
"Cefaclor-375",
"Cefaclor-500",
"Dom-cefaclor 125 - Sus 25mg/ml",
"Dom-cefaclor 250-sus 50mg/ml",
"Dom-cefaclor 375 B.I.D.",
"Novo-cefaclor",
"Novo-cefaclor",
"Nu-cefaclor",
"Nu-cefaclor",
"Nu-cefaclor",
"Nu-cefaclor",
"Nu-cefaclor Capsules 250mg",
"PMS-cefaclor",
"PMS-cefaclor",
"PMS-cefaclor 125 - Pws 25mg/ml",
"PMS-cefaclor 250 - Pws 50mg/ml",
"PMS-cefaclor 375 B.I.D."
] |
[
"Alenfral",
"Alfacet",
"Alfatil",
"Alfatil LP",
"Ceclor CD",
"Distaclor",
"Keflor",
"Kefral",
"Panacef",
"Panoral",
"Raniclor"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"P05164"
] |
[] |
[
"P46059",
"Q16348",
"Q8TCC7",
"O95342"
] |
DB00834
|
Mifepristone
|
Mifepristone is a progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary cushing syndrome. The two marketed forms of mifepristone are Mifeprex® (mifepristone 200mg) and Korlym™ (mifepristone 300mg). Currently under investigation for use in psychotic depression (phase 3 trials).
|
solid
|
For the medical termination of intrauterine pregnancy through 49 days' pregnancy. Also indicated to control hyperglycemia secondary to hypercortisolism in adult patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome who have type 2 diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance and are not candidates for surgery or have had unsuccessful surgery.
|
Mifepristone is a synthetic steroid with antiprogestational effects indicated for the medical termination of intrauterine pregnancy through 49 days' pregnancy. Doses of 1 mg/kg or greater of mifepristone have been shown to antagonize the endometrial and myometrial effects of progesterone in women. During pregnancy, the compound sensitizes the myometrium to the contraction-inducing activity of prostaglandins. Mifepristone also exhibits antiglucocorticoid and weak antiandrogenic activity. The activity of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone in rats was inhibited following doses of 10 to 25 mg/kg of mifepristone. Doses of 4.5 mg/kg or greater in human beings resulted in a compensatory elevation of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol.
|
The anti-progestational activity of mifepristone results from competitive interaction with progesterone at progesterone-receptor sites. Based on studies with various oral doses in several animal species (mouse, rat, rabbit and monkey), the compound inhibits the activity of endogenous or exogenous progesterone. The termination of pregnancy results.
In the treatment of Cushing's syndrome, Mifepristone blocks the binding of cortisol to its receptor. It does not decrease cortisol production but reduces the effects of excess cortisol, such as high blood sugar levels.
|
The absolute bioavailability of a 20 mg oral dose is 69%
|
Hepatic. Hepatic, by Cytochrome P450 3A4 isoenzyme to the N-monodemethylated metabolite (RU 42 633); RU 42 698, which results from the loss of two methyl groups from position 11 beta; and RU 42 698, which results from terminal hydroxylation of the 17–propynyl chain.
|
Nearly all of the women who receive mifepristone will report adverse reactions, and many can be expected to report more than one such reaction. About 90% of patients report adverse reactions following administration of misoprostol on day three of the treatment procedure. Side effects include more heavy bleeding than a heavy menstrual period, abdominal pain, uterine cramping, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
|
18 hours
|
98% (bound to plasma proteins, albumin and a 1-acid glycoprotein)
|
Fecal: 83%; Renal: 9%.
| null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Lipids and lipid-like molecules
|
Steroids and steroid derivatives
|
Oxosteroids
|
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[
"G03XB",
"G03X",
"G03",
"G",
"G03XB",
"G03X",
"G03",
"G"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "90.0",
"description": "Mifeprex 200 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "2014-12-30",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2028-08-27",
"number": "8921348"
},
{
"approved": "2017-11-28",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2036-08-15",
"number": "9829495"
},
{
"approved": "2018-04-17",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2036-04-20",
"number": "9943526"
},
{
"approved": "2018-06-26",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2036-08-12",
"number": "10006924"
},
{
"approved": "2019-01-01",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2036-04-20",
"number": "10166243"
},
{
"approved": "2019-01-01",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2036-04-20",
"number": "10166242"
},
{
"approved": "2018-12-11",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2037-01-18",
"number": "10151763"
},
{
"approved": "2019-02-05",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2037-06-19",
"number": "10195214"
},
{
"approved": "2019-03-19",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2038-08-22",
"number": "10231983"
},
{
"approved": "2019-06-11",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2038-08-22",
"number": "10314850"
},
{
"approved": "2019-12-10",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2033-03-05",
"number": "10500216"
},
{
"approved": "2019-12-03",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2036-08-12",
"number": "10495650"
},
{
"approved": "2020-05-26",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2036-04-20",
"number": "10660904"
},
{
"approved": "2020-09-22",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2038-08-22",
"number": "10780097"
},
{
"approved": "2020-11-24",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2037-06-19",
"number": "10842800"
},
{
"approved": "2020-11-24",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2032-11-15",
"number": "10842801"
},
{
"approved": "2017-06-19",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2037-06-19",
"number": "11969435"
},
{
"approved": "2017-06-19",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2037-06-19",
"number": "12097210"
}
] |
Mifepriston | Mifepristona | Mifépristone | Mifepristone | Mifepristonum | NR3C3 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3 | PR | GR | GRL | Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 | 3.4.21.77 | APS | Gamma-seminoprotein | Kallikrein-3 | P-30 antigen | PSA | Semenogelase | Seminin | Orphan nuclear receptor PAR1 | Orphan nuclear receptor PXR | Pregnane X receptor | PXR | Steroid and xenobiotic receptor | SXR | 1.14.14.- | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2DL1 | CYPIID6 | Cytochrome P450-DB1 | Debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIC8 | Cytochrome P450 form 1 | Cytochrome P450 IIC2 | Cytochrome P450 MP-12 | Cytochrome P450 MP-20 | S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2C10 | CYPIIC9 | Cytochrome P-450MP | Cytochrome P450 MP-4 | Cytochrome P450 MP-8 | Cytochrome P450 PB-1 | S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIIA5 | Cytochrome P450-PCN3 | ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 | MDR1 | Multidrug resistance protein 1 | P-glycoprotein 1 | PGY1 | Phospholipid transporter ABCB1 | 7.6.2.2 | ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 1 | Glutathione-S-conjugate-translocating ATPase ABCC1 | Leukotriene C(4) transporter | LTC4 transporter | MRP | MRP1 | 7.6.2.- | ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 11 | BSEP | Liver-specific organic anion transporter 1 | LST-1 | LST1 | OATP-2 | OATP-C | OATP1B1 | OATP2 | OATPC | Organic anion transporter SLC21A6 | SLC21A6 | SLCO1B1 | Sodium-independent organic anion-transporting polypeptide 2 | Solute carrier family 21 member 6 | Liver-specific organic anion transporter 2 | LST-2 | LST2 | OATP-8 | OATP1B3 | OATP8 | Organic anion transporter 8 | Organic anion-transporting polypeptide 8 | SLC21A8 | Solute carrier family 21 member 8
|
[
"Korlym",
"Mifegymiso",
"Mifepristone",
"Mifepristone",
"Mifepristone",
"Mifepristone",
"Mifiso",
"Mpm Pak",
"Mpm Pak",
"Mpm Pak"
] |
[
"Corlux",
"Mefipil",
"Mifegyne",
"Mifeprex"
] |
[
"Mifegymiso",
"Mifiso",
"Mpm Pak",
"Mpm Pak",
"Mpm Pak"
] |
[
"P06401",
"P04150",
"P07288",
"O75469"
] |
[
"P10635",
"P10632",
"P11712",
"P08684",
"P20815"
] |
[] |
[
"P08183",
"P33527",
"O95342",
"Q9Y6L6",
"Q9NPD5"
] |
DB00835
|
Brompheniramine
|
Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.
|
liquid
|
For the treatment of the symptoms of the common cold and allergic rhinitis, such as runny nose, itchy eyes, watery eyes, and sneezing.
|
Brompheniramine is an antihistaminergic medication of the propylamine class. It is a first-generation antihistamine. In allergic reactions an allergen interacts with and cross-links surface IgE antibodies on mast cells and basophils. Once the mast cell-antibody-antigen complex is formed, a complex series of events occurs that eventually leads to cell-degranulation and the release of histamine (and other chemical mediators) from the mast cell or basophil. Once released, histamine can react with local or widespread tissues through histamine receptors. Histamine, acting on H<sub>1</sub>-receptors, produces pruritis, vasodilatation, hypotension, flushing, headache, tachycardia, and bronchoconstriction. Histamine also increases vascular permeability and potentiates pain. Brompheniramine is a histamine H1 antagonist (or more correctly, an inverse histamine agonist) of the alkylamine class. It provides effective, temporary relief of sneezing, watery and itchy eyes, and runny nose due to hay fever and other upper respiratory allergies.
|
Brompheniramine is an antagonist of the H1 histamine receptors with moderate antimuscarinic actions, as with other common antihistamines such as diphenhydramine. Due to its anticholindergic effects, brompheniramine may cause drowsiness, sedation, dry mouth, dry throat, blurred vision, and increased heart rate.
|
Antihistamines are well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration.
|
Hepatic (cytochrome P-450 system), some renal.
|
Oral, rat: LD<sub>50</sub> = 318 mg/kg. Signs of overdose include fast or irregular heartbeat, mental or mood changes, tightness in the chest, and unusual tiredness or weakness.
| null | null | null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Pyridines and derivatives
|
Pheniramines
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"R06AB",
"R06A",
"R06",
"R",
"R06AB",
"R06A",
"R06",
"R"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.42",
"description": "Brompheniramine 12 mg tablet chew",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.58",
"description": "Brovex ct 12 mg tablet chew",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "9.83",
"description": "Brompheniramine maleate powder",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "0.14",
"description": "Brom-pseud-dm syrup",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.21",
"description": "Bromfed-dm cough syrup",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.56",
"description": "Bromfenex-pd capsule sa",
"unit": "capsule"
}
] |
[] |
[3-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-3-pyridin-2-yl-propyl]-dimethyl-amine | 1-(p-bromophenyl)-1-(2-pyridyl)-3-dimethylaminopropane | 2-(p-bromo-α-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)benzyl)pyridine | 3-(4-bromophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-(2-pyridinyl)-1-propanamine | 3-(p-bromophenyl)-3-(2-pyridyl)-N,N-dimethylpropylamine | BPN | Bromfeniramina | Brompheniramin | Bromphéniramine | Brompheniramine | Brompheniraminum | H1-R | H1R | HH1R
|
[
"7 Select Cold and Allergy Childrens",
"Alahist DM",
"Altidec A",
"Altipres-B",
"AP-Hist DM",
"Assured Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Atuss Da",
"Atuss Da",
"Atuss Da",
"Auro Tap Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Auromine Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Balahist DM Syrup",
"Basic Care Childrens Cold and Cough",
"BIO Dtuss DMX",
"Bio T Pres-B",
"BPM Mal Phenyleph HCl DM HBr",
"Bpm-DM-phen",
"Brohist D",
"Brom Mal Phenyl HCl Dex HBr",
"Brom Tapp",
"Brom Tapp DM",
"Brom/PSE/DM Cough",
"Bromax",
"Bromdex D",
"Bromfed DM",
"Bromfed DM",
"Bromfed DM",
"Bromfed DM",
"BromfedDM DM",
"Bromhist PDX",
"Bromphenex DM",
"Brompheniramine Maleate",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and DextromethorphanHydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine maleate, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride,",
"Brompheniramine maleate, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride,",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Phenylephrine DM",
"Brompheniramine Pseudoephedrine DM",
"Brompheniramine, Pseudoephedrine, Dextromethorphan",
"Brotapp",
"Brotapp DM Cold and Cough",
"Brotapp PE Liquid",
"Brotapp PE-DM Cough and Cold",
"BroveX PEB",
"BroveX PEB DM",
"BroveX PSB",
"BroveX PSB DM",
"Carbofed DM",
"CareOne Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"CareOne Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Caring Mill Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Centussin Dhc",
"Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Childrens Cold and Allergy Relief",
"Childrens Cold and Allergy Relief",
"Childrens Cold and Allergy Relief",
"Childrens Cold and Allergy Relief",
"Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Childrens Cold and Cough Relief",
"Childrens Cough and Cold",
"Childrens Dibromm Cold and Allergy",
"Childrens Dibromm Cold and Allergy",
"Childrens Dibromm Cold and Allergy",
"Childrens Dibromm Cold and Allergy",
"Childrens Dibromm Cold and Cough",
"Childrens Dibromm Cold and Cough",
"Childrens Dimetapp Cold and Allergy",
"Childrens Dimetapp Cold and Allergy",
"Childrens Dimetapp Cold and Cough",
"Childrens Dimetapp Cold and Cough",
"Childrens Dimetapp Cold and Cough",
"Childrens Dimetapp Multi-Symptom Cold Relief Dye-Free",
"Childrens Metapp Daytime",
"Childrens Wal Tap DM",
"Childrens Wal Tap DM Cough and Cold",
"Childrens Wal Tap Elixer Cold and Allergy",
"Cold & Allergy Relief - Liq",
"Cold and Allergy",
"Cold and Allergy Childrens",
"Cold and Allergy Childrens",
"Cold and Allergy childrens",
"Cold and Allergy Childrens",
"Cold and Cough",
"Cold and Cough",
"Cold and Cough childrens",
"Cold and Cough Childrens",
"Cold and Cough Childrens",
"Cold and Cough Childrens",
"Cold and Cough DM",
"Cold and Cough Relief children",
"Cold Liquid",
"Cold Liquid",
"Cold Liquid Grape Flavour",
"Cold Relief",
"Cold Relief DM",
"Cold Syrup",
"Cough, Cold & Allergy Relief",
"CVS Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Daytime Cold and Cough and NightTime Cold and Congestion Childrens",
"Daytime Cold and Cough and NightTime Cold and Congestion Childrens",
"Decongestant Antihistaminic Syrup",
"DG Health Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Dg Health Cold and Allergy Childrens",
"Dibromm Cold and Allergy Childrens",
"Dibromm Cold and Allergy Relief childrens",
"Dibromm Cold and Cough Childrens",
"DiBromm DM",
"Dibromm DM",
"DiBromm with PE",
"DiBromm with PE",
"DiBromm with PE",
"DiBromm with PE",
"DIBROMM with PE",
"Dicel CD",
"Dihydrocodeine BPM Phenyleph HCl",
"Dihydrocodeine/ BPM/ Phenyleph HCl",
"Dimaphen",
"Dimaphen",
"Dimaphen",
"Dimaphen DM",
"Dimaphen DM",
"Dimegan Inj 10mg/ml",
"Dimetane DX",
"Dimetane Elixir 2mg/5ml",
"Dimetane Expectorant C",
"Dimetane Expectorant Dc",
"Dimetane Expectorant Liq",
"Dimetane Expectorant-C Syr",
"Dimetane Expectorant-DC Syr",
"Dimetane Tab 4mg",
"Dimetapp",
"Dimetapp",
"Dimetapp Chewable Tablets",
"Dimetapp Chewables for Kids",
"Dimetapp Children's Cold & Allergy Tablets",
"Dimetapp Children's Cold & Fever",
"Dimetapp Clear",
"Dimetapp Cold and Allergy",
"Dimetapp Cold and Cough",
"Dimetapp Cold and Cough and Dimetapp Nighttime Cold and Congestion",
"Dimetapp Cold and Cough and Nighttime Cold and Congestion",
"Dimetapp Cough & Cold Liqui-gels - Cap",
"Dimetapp Cough, Cold & Flu",
"Dimetapp DM Cough & Cold",
"Dimetapp DM Elixir",
"Dimetapp DM Tab",
"Dimetapp Elixir",
"Dimetapp Extentabs",
"Dimetapp Extra Strength",
"Dimetapp Extra Strength DM Cough & Cold",
"Dimetapp Liqui-gels Cap",
"Dimetapp Oral Infant Cold and Fever Drops",
"Dimetapp Oral Infant Cold Drops",
"Dimetapp Oral Infant Drops",
"Dimetapp Paediatric",
"Dimetapp Tab",
"Dimetapp-C",
"Dimetapp-C Syr",
"DM Cough and Cold Liquid",
"DM Cough and Cold Liquid",
"DM Cough and Cold Liquid Cherry Flavour",
"DM Cough and Cold Relief",
"DM Cough and Cold Syrup",
"EndaCof DH",
"EndaCof DM",
"EndaCof PD",
"Entre-B",
"Equaline Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Equate Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Extra Strength Cold Liquid",
"Extra Strength Cold Syrup",
"Extra Strength DM Cough and Cold Liquid",
"Extra Strength DM Cough and Cold Syrup",
"Foster and Thrive Childrens Cold and Cough Relief DM",
"Glenmax PEB",
"Glenmax PEB DM",
"Glenmax PEB DM FORTE",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Cold and Allergy Childrens",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Cold and Cough",
"Good Sense Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Good Sense Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Good Sense Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Good Sense Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Health Mart Cold and Allergy Childrens",
"Health Mart Cold and Cough childrens",
"Healthy Accents Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Healthy Accents Cold and Allergy Childrens",
"healthy accents cold and cough DM",
"J-cof Dhc",
"J-tan D Pd",
"J-tan Pd",
"Jack & Jill Bedtime Multi-symptom Cold & Cough",
"Kids Cold Chewable Tablets",
"Leader Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Leader Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Leader Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Leader Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Lodrane D",
"LoHist DM",
"LoHist PD",
"LoHist PEB",
"LoHist PEB DM",
"LoHist PSB",
"LoHist PSB DM",
"M-end PE",
"M-end Wc",
"M-Hist DM",
"Mar-cof BP",
"Maxi-Tuss PE",
"Mesehist WC",
"Mucinar Kids PLUS",
"Myphetane DX",
"Neo DM",
"Niva-Hist DM",
"Oral Infant Cold Drops",
"Pediacare Childrens Cough and Cold Grape",
"Pharmetapp Elixir",
"Phenylephrine Complex",
"Pluratuss",
"Poly-Tussin AC",
"Poly-Tussin AC",
"Presgen B",
"Q Tapp Cold and Allergy",
"Q Tapp Cold and Cough",
"Q Tapp Cold and Cough",
"Q-Tapp",
"Q-Tapp",
"Q-Tapp DM",
"Q-Tapp DM Elixir",
"RelCof DM",
"Relhist BP",
"Robitussin Children's Cold",
"Robitussin Children's Cough & Cold Bedtime",
"Rompe Pecho SF FLU",
"Ru-Hist D",
"Runny Nose and Cough",
"Runny Nose and Cough",
"Rx Act Cold and Allergy Childrens",
"Rydex",
"Rynex DM",
"Rynex PE",
"Rynex Pse",
"ShopRite Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"ShopRite Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Signature Care Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Sildec",
"Sildec DM",
"Smart Sense Cold and Allergy Childrens",
"Smart Sense Cold and Cough",
"Staflex",
"Sunmark Cold and Allergy Childrens",
"Sunmark Cold and Allergy Childrens",
"Sunmark Cold and Cough DM Childrens",
"Tantapp Elixir",
"Tl-hist CD",
"Tl-hist DM",
"Tl-hist DM",
"Topcare Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Topcare childrens cold and cough",
"Trexbrom",
"Trexbrom",
"Triaminic Cold and Allergy",
"Tusdec DM",
"Tussi Pres B",
"Up and Up Childrens Cold and Cough",
"V-cof",
"V-Hist",
"Vazobid-PD",
"Wal Tap Childrens",
"Y-Cof DMX",
"Y-tuss"
] |
[
"Bromfed",
"Bromfenex",
"Brotane",
"Dimetane",
"Lodrane"
] |
[
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Dihydrocodeine BPM Phenyleph HCl",
"BPM Mal Phenyleph HCl DM HBr",
"Sildec DM",
"Sildec",
"Brom Mal Phenyl HCl Dex HBr",
"Phenylephrine Complex",
"Carbofed DM",
"Bromdex D",
"Rydex",
"Brotapp PE Liquid",
"Runny Nose and Cough",
"V-Hist",
"Q-Tapp DM Elixir",
"Bromhist PDX",
"Tusdec DM",
"Dihydrocodeine/ BPM/ Phenyleph HCl",
"LoHist PD",
"Trexbrom",
"Bromphenex DM",
"EndaCof DH",
"Bio T Pres-B",
"LoHist PSB",
"LoHist PSB DM",
"EndaCof PD",
"Y-Cof DMX",
"Trexbrom",
"BromfedDM DM",
"Tl-hist DM",
"Tl-hist CD",
"Mesehist WC",
"Tl-hist DM",
"Mar-cof BP",
"Balahist DM Syrup",
"Poly-Tussin AC",
"LoHist PEB DM",
"LoHist PEB",
"Brom/PSE/DM Cough",
"Brompheniramine Pseudoephedrine DM",
"Brompheniramine Phenylephrine DM",
"V-cof",
"Auro Tap Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Glenmax PEB DM FORTE",
"Glenmax PEB",
"Glenmax PEB DM",
"Bpm-DM-phen",
"J-tan D Pd",
"Q-Tapp DM",
"Dimetane DX",
"Dicel CD",
"Atuss Da",
"Q Tapp Cold and Allergy",
"Centussin Dhc",
"Q-Tapp",
"Pluratuss",
"Q Tapp Cold and Cough",
"Lodrane D",
"J-cof Dhc",
"Wal Tap Childrens",
"RelCof DM",
"Myphetane DX",
"DiBromm with PE",
"Childrens Dimetapp Cold and Allergy",
"CareOne Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"DiBromm DM",
"Q Tapp Cold and Cough",
"Up and Up Childrens Cold and Cough",
"DiBromm with PE",
"M-end Wc",
"Childrens Wal Tap DM",
"Neo DM",
"Staflex",
"DiBromm with PE",
"CareOne Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Altidec A",
"Bromfed DM",
"7 Select Cold and Allergy Childrens",
"DiBromm with PE",
"Alahist DM",
"Brotapp",
"Brotapp DM Cold and Cough",
"Niva-Hist DM",
"Brotapp PE-DM Cough and Cold",
"Relhist BP",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Equate Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Topcare childrens cold and cough",
"Cold and Cough",
"Brom Tapp DM",
"Brom Tapp",
"Altipres-B",
"Topcare Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Cold and Allergy",
"Dibromm DM",
"DIBROMM with PE",
"Dimaphen",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Childrens Wal Tap DM Cough and Cold",
"Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Cold and Allergy Childrens",
"Cold and Cough DM",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Cold and Allergy Childrens",
"Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Equaline Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"ShopRite Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"ShopRite Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Cold and Cough childrens",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Cold and Allergy Childrens",
"Dimaphen DM",
"Healthy Accents Cold and Allergy Childrens",
"Healthy Accents Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Dg Health Cold and Allergy Childrens",
"DG Health Childrens Cold and Cough",
"BIO Dtuss DMX",
"Signature Care Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Good Sense Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Smart Sense Cold and Allergy Childrens",
"Smart Sense Cold and Cough",
"Good Sense Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Childrens Dimetapp Cold and Cough",
"Childrens Dimetapp Cold and Allergy",
"Cold and Cough",
"Bromfed DM",
"Childrens Cough and Cold",
"Leader Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Leader Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Childrens Dimetapp Multi-Symptom Cold Relief Dye-Free",
"Mucinar Kids PLUS",
"Cold and Allergy childrens",
"Cold and Cough Childrens",
"Childrens Dibromm Cold and Cough",
"Childrens Dibromm Cold and Allergy",
"Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Leader Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Y-tuss",
"Sunmark Cold and Cough DM Childrens",
"Sunmark Cold and Allergy Childrens",
"Health Mart Cold and Allergy Childrens",
"Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Childrens Wal Tap Elixer Cold and Allergy",
"Daytime Cold and Cough and NightTime Cold and Congestion Childrens",
"Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Childrens Dibromm Cold and Allergy",
"Childrens Cold and Allergy Relief",
"Auromine Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Presgen B",
"Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Tussi Pres B",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Dibromm Cold and Allergy Childrens",
"Cold and Cough Childrens",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"EndaCof DM",
"LoHist DM",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Childrens Cold and Cough Relief",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Cold and Cough",
"Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Dibromm Cold and Cough Childrens",
"Cold and Allergy Childrens",
"Childrens Dibromm Cold and Cough",
"Childrens Dibromm Cold and Allergy",
"Dimetapp Paediatric",
"Dimetapp",
"Childrens Cold and Allergy Relief",
"Childrens Metapp Daytime",
"Atuss Da",
"Ru-Hist D",
"Poly-Tussin AC",
"M-end PE",
"Sunmark Cold and Allergy Childrens",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Rompe Pecho SF FLU",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Dibromm Cold and Allergy Relief childrens",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Rynex DM",
"Childrens Cold and Allergy Relief",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Dimaphen DM",
"Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Rynex Pse",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and DextromethorphanHydrobromide",
"Health Mart Cold and Cough childrens",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Dimaphen",
"Rx Act Cold and Allergy Childrens",
"Dimaphen",
"healthy accents cold and cough DM",
"BroveX PEB",
"Entre-B",
"BroveX PSB",
"Atuss Da",
"Vazobid-PD",
"Assured Childrens Cold and Cough",
"M-Hist DM",
"BroveX PEB DM",
"AP-Hist DM",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Leader Childrens Cold and Cough",
"BroveX PSB DM",
"Q-Tapp",
"Triaminic Cold and Allergy",
"Brohist D",
"Brompheniramine maleate, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride,",
"Brompheniramine maleate, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride,",
"Brompheniramine, Pseudoephedrine, Dextromethorphan",
"Maxi-Tuss PE",
"Childrens Dibromm Cold and Allergy",
"CVS Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Childrens Cold and Allergy Relief",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Cold and Cough Relief children",
"Childrens Cold and Allergy",
"Basic Care Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Dimetapp Cold and Cough",
"Dimetapp Cold and Cough and Nighttime Cold and Congestion",
"Dimetapp Cold and Cough and Dimetapp Nighttime Cold and Congestion",
"Dimetapp Cold and Allergy",
"Caring Mill Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Cold and Cough Childrens",
"Dimetapp DM Cough & Cold",
"Dimetapp",
"Dimetapp-C",
"Dimetane Expectorant C",
"Dimetapp Extra Strength",
"Dimetapp Extra Strength DM Cough & Cold",
"Cold Liquid",
"DM Cough and Cold Liquid",
"Runny Nose and Cough",
"Robitussin Children's Cold",
"Robitussin Children's Cough & Cold Bedtime",
"Dimetapp Elixir",
"Dimetapp DM Elixir",
"Dimetapp Extentabs",
"Dimetapp Tab",
"Dimetapp Oral Infant Drops",
"Dimetapp DM Tab",
"Dimetane Expectorant-C Syr",
"Dimetane Expectorant-DC Syr",
"Dimetapp Chewable Tablets",
"Dimetapp Liqui-gels Cap",
"Dimetane Expectorant Liq",
"Tantapp Elixir",
"Dimetapp Clear",
"Cold & Allergy Relief - Liq",
"Cough, Cold & Allergy Relief",
"Dimetapp Cough & Cold Liqui-gels - Cap",
"Dimetapp Children's Cold & Allergy Tablets",
"Cold Relief",
"Cold Relief DM",
"Decongestant Antihistaminic Syrup",
"Dimetapp Cough, Cold & Flu",
"Dimetapp Children's Cold & Fever",
"Dimetapp Oral Infant Cold Drops",
"Pharmetapp Elixir",
"Dimetapp Oral Infant Cold and Fever Drops",
"Oral Infant Cold Drops",
"Dimetane Expectorant Dc",
"Cold Liquid Grape Flavour",
"DM Cough and Cold Liquid Cherry Flavour",
"DM Cough and Cold Relief",
"Kids Cold Chewable Tablets",
"Dimetapp-C Syr",
"Extra Strength Cold Liquid",
"Extra Strength DM Cough and Cold Liquid",
"Dimetapp Chewables for Kids",
"DM Cough and Cold Liquid",
"Cold Liquid",
"Cold Syrup",
"Extra Strength Cold Syrup",
"DM Cough and Cold Syrup",
"Extra Strength DM Cough and Cold Syrup",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Daytime Cold and Cough and NightTime Cold and Congestion Childrens",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Bromfed DM",
"Pediacare Childrens Cough and Cold Grape",
"Jack & Jill Bedtime Multi-symptom Cold & Cough",
"Good Sense Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Good Sense Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Childrens Dimetapp Cold and Cough",
"Rynex PE",
"Childrens Cold and Cough",
"Childrens Dimetapp Cold and Cough",
"Bromfed DM",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Foster and Thrive Childrens Cold and Cough Relief DM",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide"
] |
[
"P35367",
"P11229",
"P08172",
"P20309",
"P08173",
"P08912"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00836
|
Loperamide
|
Loperamide is an anti-diarrheal agent that is available as an over-the-counter product for treating diarrhea.[L42785] The drug was first synthesized in 1969 and used medically in 1976.[A251610] It is a highly lipophilic synthetic phenylpiperidine opioid that works by binding to mu-opioid receptors on intestinal muscles to decrease intestinal motility and electrolyte loss.[A251610] Loperamide has a chemical structure that is similar to diphenoxylate and haloperidol;[A6249] however, loperamide works on mu (μ)-opioid receptors to mediate its pharmacological actions.[A251610]
|
solid
|
Loperamide is indicated for the relief of diarrhea, including Travelers’ Diarrhea.[L42785] As an off-label use, it is often used to manage chemotherapy-related diarrhea.[A251610]
|
Loperamide is an anti-diarrheal agent that provides symptomatic relief of diarrhea.[L42790] It decreases peristalsis and fluid secretion in the gastrointestinal tract, delays colonic transit time, and increases the absorption of fluids and electrolytes from the gastrointestinal tract.[A6249, A251610, A251630] Loperamide also increases rectal tone,[A251610] reduces daily fecal volume, and increases the viscosity and bulk density of feces.[L42790] It also increases the tone of the anal sphincter, thereby reducing incontinence and urgency.[A251615, L42790] The onset of action is about one hour and the duration of action can be up to three days.[A251615]
While loperamide is a potent mu-opioid receptor agonist,[A251615] it does not mediate significant analgesic activity at therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses.[A6249, A251615] However, at high doses of loperamide, inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux may allow loperamide to cross the blood-brain barrier, where loperamide can exert central opioid effects and toxicity.[A251610]
At very high plasma concentrations, loperamide can interfere with cardiac conduction.[A251625] Because loperamide inhibits the Na<sup>+</sup>-gated cardiac channels [A251610] and ether-a-go-go–related gene potassium channels,[A251625] the drug can prolong the QRS complex and the QTc interval, which can lead to ventricular dysrhythmias, monomorphic and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, torsade de pointes, ventricular fibrillation, Brugada syndrome, cardiac arrest, and death.[A251610]
|
Enteric neurons synthesize and release endogenous opioid peptides and other neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine and substance P. Endogenous opioids bind to opioid receptors expressed on these neurons to regulate gastrointestinal signalling, motility, and balance of fluids and electrolytes.[A251630]
Loperamide acts on the mu (μ)-opioid receptor expressed on the circular and longitudinal intestinal muscle.[A251610] Receptor binding leads to the recruitment of G-protein receptor kinases and the activation of downstream molecular cascades that inhibit enteric nerve activity.[A251630] By inhibiting the excitability of enteric neurons, loperamide suppresses neurotransmitter release, pre-synaptic and post-synaptic inhibition of transmission of excitatory and inhibitory motor pathways, and secretomotor pathways.[A251630] Loperamide inhibits the release of acetylcholine and prostaglandins,[L42790] thereby reducing propulsive peristalsis and increasing intestinal transit time.[A251615, L42790] Loperamide stimulates the intestinal absorption of water and electrolytes by inhibiting calmodulin.[A251615] Loperamide can bind to and hyperpolarize submucosal secretomotor neurons, promoting dry, hard stools.[A251630]
|
Loperamide is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; however, it undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism to form metabolites that are excreted in the bile. Therefore, little loperamide actually reaches the systemic circulation.[A251615] The drug bioavailability is less than 1%.[A251610]
Following oral administration of a 2 mg capsule of loperamide, plasma concentrations of unchanged drug were below 2 ng/mL. Plasma loperamide concentrations are highest approximately five hours after administration of an oral capsule of loperamide and 2.5 hours after the liquid formulation of the drug.[L42790]
|
Loperamide is extensively metabolized. The primary metabolic pathway is oxidative N-demethylation mediated by CYP2C8 and CYP3A4, to form N-demethyl loperamide. CYP2B6 and CYP2D6 play a minor role in loperamide N-demethylation.[L42790] Metabolites of loperamide are pharmacologically inactive.[A251625]
|
Oral LD50 is 185 mg/kg in rats.[L42780]
Due to its actions on opioid receptors, loperamide has been misused and abused to self-manage opioid withdrawal symptoms and to induce euphoria.[A251610, A251625] However, loperamide is associated with a risk of experiencing a range of adverse effects, often life-threatening, if taken for non-therapeutic reasons or at doses higher than the recommended dose.[L42790] Loperamide overdose can lead to a range of cardiac and non-cardiac effects. Chronic ingestion of doses ranging from 70 mg to 1600 mg daily - which is four to 100 times the recommended dose - resulted in life-threatening cardiac adverse reactions, including QT/QTc and QRS interval prolongation, Torsades de Pointes, Brugada syndrome and other ventricular arrhythmias, syncope, cardiac arrest, and death. These cases included instances of loperamide misuse and abuse. In case of cardiac effects, it is recommended that loperamide is discontinued and therapies to manage and prevent cardiac arrhythmias are initiated.[L42790] Cases of loperamide overdose may cause opioid toxic effects including CNS depression (e.g. altered mental status, stupor, coordination disorders, somnolence, miosis, muscular hypertonia, respiratory depression), hypotension, urinary retention, and paralytic ileus.[L42790] Naloxone may reverse the opioid-related toxicity, including CNS and respiratory depression, and hypotension, associated with loperamide overdosage.[L42790]
|
The apparent elimination half-life of loperamide is 10.8 hours with a range of 9.1 to 14.4 hours.[L42790]
|
Based on literature information, the plasma protein binding of loperamide is about 95%.[L42790]
|
Loperamide and its metabolites in the systemic circulation undergo biliary excretion.[A251625] Excretion of the unchanged loperamide and its metabolites mainly occurs through the feces.[L42790] Only 1% of an absorbed dose excreted unchanged in the urine.[A251625]
|
Loperamide has a large volume of distribution.[A251610] Although highly lipophilic, loperamide does not cross the blood-brain barrier [A6249] and generally acts peripherally.[A251615]
| null |
Organic compounds
|
Benzenoids
|
Benzene and substituted derivatives
|
Diphenylmethanes
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"A07DA",
"A07D",
"A07",
"A",
"A07DA",
"A07D",
"A07",
"A"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "26.01",
"description": "Loperamide hcl powder",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "0.02",
"description": "Kaopectate children's suspension",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.14",
"description": "CVS Pharmacy anti-diarrheal 2 mg caplet",
"unit": "caplet"
},
{
"cost": "0.18",
"description": "Anti-diarrheal 2 mg caplet",
"unit": "caplet"
},
{
"cost": "0.25",
"description": "Kaopectate 240 mg softgel",
"unit": "softgel capsule"
},
{
"cost": "0.28",
"description": "Diamode 2 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.3",
"description": "Qc anti-diarrheal adv caplet",
"unit": "caplet"
},
{
"cost": "0.37",
"description": "Kaopectate 262 mg caplet",
"unit": "caplet"
},
{
"cost": "0.37",
"description": "Loperamide 2 mg caplet",
"unit": "caplet"
},
{
"cost": "0.46",
"description": "Imodium advanced caplet",
"unit": "caplet"
},
{
"cost": "0.46",
"description": "Imodium ms relief caplet",
"unit": "caplet"
},
{
"cost": "0.49",
"description": "Imodium a-d 2 mg caplet",
"unit": "caplet"
},
{
"cost": "0.64",
"description": "Loperamide HCl 2 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "2002-12-24",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2014-10-28",
"number": "2134611"
},
{
"approved": "2004-11-09",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2022-02-26",
"number": "6814978"
},
{
"approved": "2000-08-15",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2017-07-17",
"number": "6103260"
}
] |
Loperamid | Loperamida | Lopéramide | Loperamide | Loperamidum | hMOP | M-OR-1 | MOP | MOR-1 | MOR1 | Mu opiate receptor | Mu opioid receptor | D-OR-1 | DOR-1 | OPRD | K-OR-1 | KOR-1 | OPRK | Corticotropin-lipotropin | POMC | BI | Brain calcium channel I | CACH4 | CACN3 | CACNL1A4 | Calcium channel, L type, alpha-1 polypeptide isoform 4 | Voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha Cav2.1 | Eag homolog | Eag-related protein 1 | ERG | ERG-1 | ERG1 | Ether-a-go-go-related gene potassium channel 1 | Ether-a-go-go-related protein 1 | H-ERG | HERG | hERG-1 | hERG1 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 | Voltage-gated potassium channel subunit Kv11.1 | CALM | CAM | CAM1 | CAM2 | CAMB | CALML2 | CAM3 | CAMC | CAMIII | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIC8 | Cytochrome P450 form 1 | Cytochrome P450 IIC2 | Cytochrome P450 MP-12 | Cytochrome P450 MP-20 | S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.13.- | CYPIIB6 | Cytochrome P450 IIB1 | 1.14.14.- | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2DL1 | CYPIID6 | Cytochrome P450-DB1 | Debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase | ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 | MDR1 | Multidrug resistance protein 1 | P-glycoprotein 1 | PGY1 | Phospholipid transporter ABCB1
|
[
"7 Select Anti Diarrheal",
"7 Select Anti Diarrheal",
"A D",
"A D",
"Alti-loperamide - 2mg Caplet",
"Amazon Basic Care Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal",
"Anti Diarrheal and Anti Gas",
"Anti Diarrheal and Anti Gas",
"Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas",
"Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas",
"Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas",
"Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas",
"Anti Diarrheal Plus Anti Gas",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
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"Anti-Diarrheal",
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"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-diarrheal",
"Anti-diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal",
"Anti-diarrheal",
"Anti-diarrheal",
"Anti-Diarrheal 24/7 for Life by 7-Eleven",
"Anti-diarrheal Caplets - 2mg",
"Anti-Diarrheal loperamide HCl",
"Anti-Diarrheal Loperamide HCl",
"Anti-Diarrheal loperamide HCl",
"Anti-Diarrheal Loperamide HCl",
"ANTI-DIARRHEAL LOPERAMIDE HCL, 2 mg caplets",
"Anti-Diarrheal, Caseys 4good",
"Anti-Diarrheal, Circle K",
"Anti-Diarrheal, CVP HEALTH",
"Anti-Diarrheal/Anti-Gas Multi-Symptom Relief",
"Antidiarrheal Multi Symptom Relief",
"Antidiarrheal Relief",
"Apo-loperamide",
"Basic Care loperamide hydrochloride",
"Basic Care Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Basic Care Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Basic Care Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Basic Care Loperamide Hydrochloride and Simethicone",
"Basic Care Loperamide Hydrochloride and Simethicone",
"Berkley and Jensen Anti Diarrheal",
"Care One Anti Diarrheal",
"Care One anti diarrheal loperamide hydrochloride",
"CareOne Diarrhea and Gas Control",
"CareOne Diarrhea Control",
"CareOne Diarrhea Control",
"CareOne Diarrhea Control",
"CareOne loperamide hydrochloride",
"CareOne Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Circle K Anti-Diarrheal",
"Core Values Anti Diarrheal",
"Dg Health Anti Diarrheal",
"Dg Health Anti Diarrheal",
"DG Health Anti Diarrheal",
"Dg Health Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas",
"Dg Health Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Diahalt Caplets - 2mg",
"Diarr-eze",
"Diarr-eze - Liq Orl 0.2mg/ml",
"Diarrhea Relief",
"Diarrhea Relief",
"Diarrhea Relief",
"Diarrhea Relief",
"Diarrhea Relief - Caplets 2mg",
"Diarrhea Relief Fast Dissolve",
"Diarrhea Relief Liquid Capsules",
"Diarrhea Relief Liquid Gels",
"Diarrhea Relief Liquid Gels",
"Diarrhea Relief Liquid Gels",
"Doc in the Box All Day Supply",
"Dom-loperamide Caplets 2mg",
"Dom-loperamide Hydrochloride Solution-orl",
"Enterocina",
"Equaline Anti Diarrheal",
"Equaline Anti Diarrheal Plus Anti Gas",
"Equaline loperamide hydrochloride",
"Equaline Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Equate anti diarrheal",
"Equate Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas",
"Equate Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas Multi-Symptom Relief",
"Equate Diarrhea Control",
"Equate Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Equate Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Fad First Aid Direct Anti-diarrheal",
"Family Wellness Anti Diarrheal",
"Family Wellness Anti Diarrheal Plus Anti Gas",
"Family Wellness Anti Diarrheal Plus Multi Symptom Relief",
"First Aid Direct Anti-Diarrheal",
"Foster and Thrive Anti Diarrheal",
"Foster and Thrive Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas",
"Foster and Thrive Anti-diarrheal",
"Gadavyt Loperamide HCl",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Anti Diarrheal",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Anti Diarrheal",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Anti Diarrheal",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas",
"good neighbor pharmacy Loperamide hydrochloride",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"good neighbor pharmacy Loperamide hydrochloride",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Good Sense Anti Diarrheal",
"Good Sense anti diarrheal",
"Good Sense anti diarrheal",
"Good Sense anti diarrheal",
"Good Sense anti diarrheal",
"Good Sense Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas",
"Good Sense Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas",
"Good Sense antidiarrheal",
"Good Sense Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Goodnow Diarrhea Relief",
"Handy Solutions Anti-Diarrheal",
"Harmon Face Values Anti Diarrheal",
"Harris Teeter Anti Diarrheal",
"Harris Teeter Anti Diarrheal",
"Harris Teeter Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Health Mart Anti Diarrheal",
"Health Mart Anti Diarrheal",
"Health Mart Anti Diarrheal",
"Health Mart Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas",
"Health Mart Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Health Mart Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Healthy Accents Anti Diarrheal",
"Healthy Accents Anti Diarrheal",
"Ibs Labs - Anti-diarrheal Original Prescription Strength, 2 mg",
"Imodium",
"Imodium",
"Imodium - Caplet 2mg",
"Imodium A-D",
"Imodium A-D",
"Imodium A-D",
"Imodium A-D",
"Imodium A-D",
"Imodium A-D",
"Imodium AD",
"Imodium Calming Liquid",
"Imodium Cap 2mg",
"Imodium Caplets 2mg",
"Imodium Complete",
"Imodium Complete Chewable Tablets",
"Imodium Liqui-gels",
"IMODIUM Multi-Symptom Relief",
"Imodium Oral Sol 0.2mg/ml",
"Imodium Quick Dissolve",
"Injoy Diarrhea Relief",
"Intestinomicina",
"Jamp Loperamide",
"Kirkland Signature Anti Diarrheal",
"Leader Anti Diarrheal",
"Leader Anti Diarrheal",
"Leader Anti Diarrheal",
"Leader Anti Diarrheal",
"Leader Anti Diarrheal",
"Leader Anti Diarrheal",
"Leader Anti Diarrheal",
"Leader Anti Diarrheal",
"Leader Anti-diarrheal",
"Leader Loperamide",
"Leader Loperamide",
"Leader Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Leader Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Lil Drug Store Anti-Diarrheal",
"Lil Drug Store Anti-Diarrheal",
"Lil Drug Store Anti-Diarrheal Soft Gelatin",
"Loperacap",
"Loperamide",
"Loperamide",
"Loperamide",
"Loperamide HCl",
"Loperamide HCl",
"Loperamide HCl",
"Loperamide HCl",
"Loperamide HCl",
"Loperamide HCl",
"Loperamide HCl and Simethicone",
"Loperamide HCl Anti-Diarrheal",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide hydrochloride",
"Loperamide hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride and Simethicone",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride and Simethicone",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride and Simethicone",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride and Simethicone",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride and Simethicone",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride and Simethicone",
"Loperamide hydrochloride and Simethicone",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride and Simethicone",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride and Simethicone",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride and Simethicone",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride and Simethicone",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride and Simethicone",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride, Simethicone",
"Loperamide-2",
"Medex Anti-Diarrheal Relief",
"MEDIQUE Diamode",
"MEDIQUE Diamode",
"Meds on the Go",
"PHL-loperamide",
"Physicians Care Anti-Diarrheal",
"PMS-loperamide - Caplet 2mg",
"PMS-loperamide Hydrochloride Solution.2mg/ml",
"Preferred Plus Loperamide",
"Preferred Plus Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Preferred Plus Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Rexall Anti Diarrheal",
"Rexall Anti Diarrheal",
"Rhoxal-loperamide",
"Riva-loperamide",
"Rx Act Anti Diarrheal",
"Rx Act Anti Diarrheal",
"Sandoz Loperamide",
"ShopRite Anti Diarrheal",
"Signature Care Anti Diarrheal",
"Signature Care Anti Diarrheal",
"Signature Care Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas",
"Simply Right Anti Diarrheal",
"Smart Sense Anti Diarrheal",
"Smart Sense anti diarrheal",
"Smart Sense Anti Diarrheal",
"Smart Sense Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Stomach Relief Anti Diarrheal",
"Sunmark Anti Diarrheal",
"Sunmark Anti Diarrheal",
"Sunmark Anti Diarrheal",
"Sunmark Anti Diarrheal",
"Sunmark Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Teva-loperamide",
"Topcare Anti Diarrheal",
"Topcare Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas",
"Topcare Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Topcare Loperamide Hydrochloride",
"Up and Up anti diarrheal",
"Up and Up anti diarrheal",
"Up and Up anti diarrheal",
"Up and Up Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas",
"Vaprino A-D",
"Welly Travel Medicine Kit",
"WELMATE Anti Diarrheal Loperamide HCl",
"WELMATE Anti Diarrheal Loperamide HCl Softgels"
] |
[
"Dimor",
"Fortasec",
"Kaopectate II",
"Lopedium",
"Lopedium express",
"Lopex",
"Maalox Anti-Diarrheal",
"Pepto Diarrhea Control"
] |
[
"Imodium",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride and Simethicone",
"Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas",
"Good Sense Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas",
"Doc in the Box All Day Supply",
"Meds on the Go",
"Up and Up Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas",
"Good Sense Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas",
"Equate Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas",
"IMODIUM Multi-Symptom Relief",
"Family Wellness Anti Diarrheal Plus Anti Gas",
"Dg Health Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas",
"Signature Care Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas",
"Anti Diarrheal and Anti Gas",
"Basic Care Loperamide Hydrochloride and Simethicone",
"Topcare Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas",
"Anti Diarrheal and Anti Gas",
"CareOne Diarrhea and Gas Control",
"Health Mart Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas",
"Equaline Anti Diarrheal Plus Anti Gas",
"Anti Diarrheal Plus Anti Gas",
"Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas",
"Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas",
"Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas",
"Family Wellness Anti Diarrheal Plus Multi Symptom Relief",
"Welly Travel Medicine Kit",
"Basic Care Loperamide Hydrochloride and Simethicone",
"Antidiarrheal Multi Symptom Relief",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride and Simethicone",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride and Simethicone",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride and Simethicone",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride, Simethicone",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride and Simethicone",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride and Simethicone",
"Imodium Complete",
"Imodium Complete Chewable Tablets",
"Loperamide hydrochloride and Simethicone",
"Loperamide HCl and Simethicone",
"Intestinomicina",
"Anti-Diarrheal/Anti-Gas Multi-Symptom Relief",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride and Simethicone",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride and Simethicone",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride and Simethicone",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride and Simethicone",
"Foster and Thrive Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas",
"Loperamide Hydrochloride and Simethicone",
"Equate Anti Diarrheal Anti Gas Multi-Symptom Relief"
] |
[
"P35372",
"P41143",
"P41145",
"P01189",
"O00555",
"Q12809",
"P0DP23",
"P0DP24",
"P0DP25"
] |
[
"P08684",
"P10632",
"P20813",
"P10635"
] |
[] |
[
"P08183"
] |
DB00837
|
Progabide
|
Progabide is an analog and prodrug of gamma-aminobutyric acid. It is commonly used in the treatment of epilepsy. It has agonistic activity for both the GABAA and GABAB receptors. In clinical trials, progabide has been investigated for Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, clinical depression and anxiety disorder; its therapeutic effectiveness in these conditions is not fully elucidated.
|
solid
|
Indicated for the treatment of epilepsy.
|
Progabide, a fatty acid derivative, is a GABA receptor agonist used to treat the symptoms of epilepsy.
|
Progabide binds to both GABA<sub>A</sub> and GABA<sub>B</sub> receptors located on the terminals of primary afferent fibers. Binding to GABA<sub>A</sub> results in an increased affinity of the GABA receptor for the amino acid, an augmented flux of chloride ions across the terminal membrane, and an increase in the amount of presynaptic inhibition. Activation of the GABA<sub>B</sub> receptors retards the influx of calcium ions into the terminals, thereby reducing the evoked release of excitatory amino acids and possibly other transmitters.
|
Well absorbed with a bioavailability of 60%
|
Hepatic
| null |
4 hours
|
95%
| null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
[
"experimental"
] |
[
"N03AG",
"N03A",
"N03",
"N"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[] |
[] |
Halogabide | Progabida | Progabide | Progabidum | G-protein coupled receptor 51 | GABA-B receptor 2 | GABA-B-R2 | GABA-BR2 | GABABR2 | Gb2 | GPR51 | GPRC3B | HG20 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-1 | GABAAR subunit alpha-1 | GABA-B receptor 1 | GABA-B-R1 | GABA-BR1 | GABABR1 | Gb1 | GPRC3A
|
[] |
[
"Gabren",
"Gabrene"
] |
[] |
[
"O75899",
"P14867",
"Q9UBS5"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00838
|
Clocortolone
|
Clocortolone is a medium potency corticosteroid that is often used as a topical cream for the relief of inflammatory oand pruritic (itching) arising from steroid-responsive dermatoses of the scalp.
|
solid
|
For short-term topical treatment of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of moderate to severe corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses of the scalp.
|
Like other topical corticosteroids, clocortolone has anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive properties. Once absorbed through the skin, topical corticosteroids are handled through pharmacokinetic pathways similar to systemically administered corticosteroids. Clocortolone is a moderate potency topical corticosteroid that should not be used with occlusive dressings. It is recommended that treatment should be limited to 2 consecutive weeks and therapy should be discontinued when adequate results have been achieved.
|
The precise mechanism of the antiinflammatory activity of topical steroids in the treatment of steroid-responsive dermatoses, in general, is uncertain. However, corticosteroids are thought to act by the induction of phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> inhibitory proteins, collectively called lipocortins. It is postulated that these proteins control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes by inhibiting the release of their common precursor arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>. These enzyme transcriptional changes are mediated by the drug binding first to the glucocorticoid receptor. This complex can migrate to the cell nucleus which then binds to DNA initiating genetic activation and repression of various genes.
|
Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed from intact healthy skin. The extent of percutaneous absorption of topical corticosteroids is determined by many factors, including the vehicle and the integrity of the epidermal barrier. Occlusion, inflammation and/or other disease processes in the skin may also increase percutaneous absorption.
|
Metabolized, primarily in the liver, and then excreted by the kidneys.
|
Topically applied clocortolone can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to produce systemic effects. Symptoms of overdose include thinning of skin and suppression of adrenal cortex (decreased ability to respond to stress).
| null | null | null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Lipids and lipid-like molecules
|
Steroids and steroid derivatives
|
Hydroxysteroids
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"D07AB",
"D07A",
"D07",
"D"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "3.64",
"description": "Cloderm 0.1% cream",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "140.98",
"description": "Cloderm 0.1% Cream 45 gm Tube",
"unit": "tube"
}
] |
[] |
9-chloro-6alpha-Fluoro-11beta,21-dihydroxy-16alpha-methyl-1,4-pregnadien-3,20-dione | 9-chloro-6alpha-Fluoro-16alpha-methyl-1,4-pregnadiene-11beta,21-diol-3,20-dione | Clocortolon | Clocortolona | Clocortolone | Clocortolonum | 3.1.1.4 | Group IB phospholipase A2 | Phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase 1B | PLA2 | PLA2A | PPLA2 | GR | GRL | Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1
|
[
"Clocortolone Pivalate",
"Clocortolone Pivalate",
"Clocortolone Pivalate Cream",
"Cloderm",
"Cloderm",
"Cloderm"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"P04054",
"P04150"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00839
|
Tolazamide
|
A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of chlorpropamide.
|
solid
|
For use as an adjunct to diet to lower the blood glucose in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (Type II) whose hyperglycemia cannot be satisfactorily controlled by diet alone.
|
Tolazamide is an oral blood glucose lowering drug of the sulfonylurea class. Tolazamide appears to lower the blood glucose acutely by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas, an effect dependent upon functioning beta cells in the pancreatic islets. The mechanism by which tolazamide lowers blood glucose during long-term administration has not been clearly established. With chronic administration in Type II diabetic patients, the blood glucose lowering effect persists despite a gradual decline in the insulin secretory response to the drug. Extrapancreatic effects may be involved in the mechanism of action of oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs. Some patients who are initially responsive to oral hypoglycemic drugs, including tolazamide, may become unresponsive or poorly responsive over time. Alternatively, tolazamide may be effective in some patients who have become unresponsive to one or more other sulfonylurea drugs. In addition to its blood glucose lowering actions, tolazamide produces a mild diuresis by enhancement of renal free water clearance.
|
Sulfonylureas likely bind to ATP-sensitive potassium-channel receptors on the pancreatic cell surface, reducing potassium conductance and causing depolarization of the membrane. Depolarization stimulates calcium ion influx through voltage-sensitive calcium channels, raising intracellular concentrations of calcium ions, which induces the secretion, or exocytosis, of insulin.
|
Rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
|
Tolazamide is metabolized to five major metabolites ranging in hypoglycemic activity from 0 to 70%.
|
Overdosage of sulfonylureas can produce hypoglycemia. Severe hypoglycemic reactions with coma, seizure, or other neurological impairment occur infrequently, but constitute medical emergencies requiring immediate hospitalization.
|
The average biological half-life of the drug is 7 hours.
| null |
Tolazamide is metabolized to five major metabolites ranging in hypoglycemic activity from 0% to 70%. They are excreted principally in the urine.
| null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Benzenoids
|
Benzene and substituted derivatives
|
Benzenesulfonamides
|
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[
"A10BB",
"A10B",
"A10",
"A",
"G01AE",
"G01A",
"G01",
"G"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.23",
"description": "Tolinase 250 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.41",
"description": "Tolazamide 500 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.41",
"description": "Tolazamide 100 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.79",
"description": "Tolazamide 250 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
}
] |
[] |
1-(Hexahydro-1-azepinyl)-3-p-tolylsulfonylurea | 1-(Hexahydro-1H-azepin-1-yl)-3-(p-tolylsulfonyl)urea | 4-(p-Tolylsulfonyl)-1,1-hexamethylenesemicarbazide | N-(p-Toluenesulfonyl)-N'-hexamethyleniminourea | Tolazamid | Tolazamida | Tolazamide | Tolazamidum | HRINS | Sulfonylurea receptor 1 | SUR | SUR1 | IKATP | Inward rectifier K(+) channel Kir6.2 | Potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J member 11 | ATP-dependent inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 | Inward rectifier K(+) channel Kir1.2 | Potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J member 10 | (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2C10 | CYPIIC9 | Cytochrome P-450MP | Cytochrome P450 MP-4 | Cytochrome P450 MP-8 | Cytochrome P450 PB-1 | S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase
|
[
"Tolazamide",
"Tolazamide",
"Tolazamide",
"Tolazamide",
"Tolazamide",
"Tolazamide",
"Tolazamide",
"Tolazamide",
"Tolinase",
"Tolinase",
"Tolinase"
] |
[
"Desumide",
"Diabewas",
"Esulin",
"Norglycin",
"Tolanase"
] |
[] |
[
"Q09428",
"Q14654",
"P78508"
] |
[
"P11712"
] |
[] |
[] |
DB00840
|
Hydroxypropyl cellulose
|
Hydroxypropyl cellulose is an ether of cellulose where some of the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose have been hydroxypropylated forming -OCH2CH(OH)CH3 groups. Lacrisertis a formulation of hydroxypropyl cellulose that is used for artificial tears. It is used to treat syndromes characterized by insufficient tear production (keratoconjunctivitis sicca), recurrent corneal erosions, decreased corneal sensitivity, exposure and neuroparalytic keratitis, and as a lubricant for artificial eyes. As a food additive, hydroxypropyl cellulose is used as a thickener and as an emulsion stabilizer.
|
solid
|
Used to relieve dryness and irritation caused by reduced tear flow that occurs in certain eye diseases (keratoconjunctivitis sicca), recurrent corneal erosions, decreased corneal sensitivity, exposure and neuroparalytic keratitis, and as a lubricant for artificial eyes.
|
Hydroxypropyl cellulose (cellulose, 2-hydroxypropyl ether) is a derivative of cellulose with both water solubility and organic solubility. Hydroxypropyl cellulose acts to stabilize and thicken the precorneal tear film and prolong the tear film breakup time which is usually accelerated in patients with dry eye states. Hydroxypropyl cellulose also acts to lubricate and protect the eye. Hydroxypropyl cellulose usually reduces the signs and symptoms resulting from moderate to severe dry eye syndromes, such as conjunctival hyperemia, corneal and conjunctival staining with rose bengal, exudation, itching, burning, foreign body sensation, smarting, photophobia, dryness and blurred or cloudy vision. Progressive visual deterioration which occurs in some patients may be retarded, halted, or sometimes reversed.
|
Hydroxypropyl cellulose is a derivative of cellulose that is soluble in both water and organic solvents. It is particularly good at trapping water and producing a film that serves as a barrier to water loss. Hydroxypropyl cellulose possesses good surface activity but does not gel as it forms open helical coils. In general Hydroxypropyl cellulose is a water-soluble thickener, emulsifier and film-former often used in tablet coating.
|
Studies conducted in rats fed 14 C-labeled hydroxypropyl cellulose demonstrated that when orally administered, hydroxypropyl cellulose is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is quantitatively excreted in the feces.
|
Hydroxypropyl cellulose is a physiologically inert substance. In a study of rats fed hydroxypropyl cellulose or unmodified cellulose at levels up to 5% of their diet, it was found that the two were biologically equivalent in that neither was metabolized.
|
LD<sub>50</sub>=10200 mg/kg (oral, rat)
| null |
None
|
Studies conducted in rats fed 14C-labeled hydroxypropyl cellulose demonstrated that when orally administered, hydroxypropyl cellulose is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is quantitatively excreted in the feces.
| null | null | null | null | null | null |
[
"approved"
] |
[] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "3.68",
"description": "Lacrisert 5 mg eye insert",
"unit": "insert"
},
{
"cost": "281.99",
"description": "Lacrisert 60 5 mg Insert Box",
"unit": "box"
},
{
"cost": "0.51",
"description": "Hydroxypropylcellulose powd",
"unit": "g"
}
] |
[] |
Cellulose hydroxypropyl ether | Cellulose, 2-hydroxypropyl ether | Hiprolosa | Hydroxypropyl cellulose | Hydroxypropyl cellulose (type H) | Hydroxypropylcellulose | Hyprolose | Hyprolosum | Modified cellulose
|
[
"Lacrisert",
"Lacrisert",
"Lacrisert",
"Lacrisert"
] |
[
"A-Gel"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00841
|
Dobutamine
|
A beta-1 agonist catecholamine that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia. It is proposed as a cardiotonic after myocardial infarction or open heart surgery.
|
solid
|
Indicated when parenteral therapy is necessary for inotropic support in the short-term treatment of patients with cardiac decompensation due to depressed contractility resulting either from organic heart disease or from cardiac surgical procedures.
|
Dobutamine is a direct-acting inotropic agent whose primary activity results from stimulation of the beta-adrenoceptors of the heart while producing comparatively mild chronotropic, hypertensive, arrhythmogenic, and vasodilative effects. Dobutamine acts primarily on beta-1 adrenergic receptors, with negligible effects on beta-2 or alpha receptors. It does not cause the release of endogenous norepinephrine, as does dopamine.
|
Dobutamine directly stimulates beta-1 receptors of the heart to increase myocardial contractility and stroke volume, resulting in increased cardiac output.
| null | null | null |
2 minutes
| null |
In human urine, the major excretion products are the conjugates of dobutamine and 3-O-methyl dobutamine.
| null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Benzenoids
|
Phenols
|
Benzenediols
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"C01CA",
"C01C",
"C01",
"C"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "0.09",
"description": "Dobutamine 250 mg-d5w 500 ml",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.18",
"description": "Dobutamine 12.5 mg/ml vial",
"unit": "ml"
}
] |
[] |
(±)-4-(2-((3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylpropyl)amino)ethyl)pyrocatechol | 3,4-dihydroxy-N-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylpropyl]-β-phenylethylamine | 4-{2-[3-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-1-methyl-propylamino]-ethyl}-benzene-1,2-diol | DL-dobutamine | Dobutamin | Dobutamina | Dobutamine | Dobutaminum | rac-dobutamine | racemic-dobutamine | ADRA1C | Alpha-1A adrenoceptor | Alpha-1A adrenoreceptor | Alpha-1C adrenergic receptor | Alpha-adrenergic receptor 1c | Alpha-1B adrenoceptor | Alpha-1B adrenoreceptor | ADRA1A | Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor | Alpha-1D adrenoceptor | Alpha-1D adrenoreceptor | Alpha-adrenergic receptor 1a | ADRB1R | B1AR | Beta-1 adrenoceptor | Beta-1 adrenoreceptor | ADRB2R | B2AR | Beta-2 adrenoceptor | Beta-2 adrenoreceptor | ER | ER-alpha | ESR | Estradiol receptor | NR3A1 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group A member 1 | 2.1.1.6
|
[
"Dobutamine",
"DOBUTamine",
"Dobutamine",
"Dobutamine",
"Dobutamine",
"Dobutamine",
"Dobutamine",
"Dobutamine",
"Dobutamine",
"Dobutamine",
"Dobutamine",
"Dobutamine",
"Dobutamine",
"Dobutamine 12.5mg/ml",
"Dobutamine Hydrochloride",
"Dobutamine Hydrochloride",
"Dobutamine Hydrochloride",
"Dobutamine Hydrochloride in Dextrose",
"Dobutamine Hydrochloride in Dextrose",
"Dobutamine Hydrochloride in Dextrose",
"Dobutamine Hydrochloride in Dextrose",
"Dobutamine Hydrochloride in Dextrose",
"Dobutamine Hydrochloride Injection-12.5mg/ml",
"Dobutamine Hydrochloride Injection-12.5mg/ml",
"Dobutamine in Dextrose",
"Dobutamine in Dextrose",
"Dobutamine in Dextrose",
"Dobutamine Injection Sdz",
"Dobutamine Injection USP",
"Dobutamine Injection USP",
"Dobutamine Injection USP",
"Dobutamine Injection USP",
"Dobutrex"
] |
[
"Dobuject",
"Dobusafe",
"Dobutamin",
"Dobutan",
"Dobutel",
"Dobutil",
"Dopmin",
"Inotrex"
] |
[
"Dobutamine Hydrochloride in Dextrose"
] |
[
"P35348",
"P35368",
"P25100",
"P08588",
"P07550",
"P03372"
] |
[
"P21964"
] |
[] |
[] |
DB00842
|
Oxazepam
|
Oxazepam is an intermediate-acting, 3-hydroxybenzodiazepine used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal and anxiety disorders. Oxazepam, like related 3-hydroxybenzodiazepine [lorazepam], is considered less susceptible to pharmacokinetic variability based on patient-specific factors (e.g. age, liver disease) - this feature is advantageous as compared to other benzodiazepines, and is likely owing in part to oxazepam's relatively simple metabolism.[A203516] It is an active metabolite of both [diazepam] and [temazepam][A39486] and undergoes very little biotransformation following absorption, making it unlikely to participate in pharmacokinetic interactions.[L13895]
|
solid
|
Oxazepam is indicated for the management of anxiety disorders and for the short-term relief of symptoms of anxiety.[L13895] It may also be used in the management of alcohol withdrawal symptoms.[L13895]
|
Benzodiazepines, including oxazepam, exert their sedative and anxiolytic effects by potentiating the effects of endogenous GABA, the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS.[A34430] Compared to other benzodiazepines, it has relatively low potency and a moderate duration of action.[A34430] Oxazepam should be administered with caution to patients for whom a drop in blood pressure may lead to cardiac complications as, in rare cases, it may cause hypotension.[L13895]
|
Like other benzodiazepines, oxazepam exerts its anxiolytic effects by potentiating the effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on GABA(A) receptors, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian brain.[A198957] GABA(A) receptors are a component of GABA-gated ionotropic chloride channels that produce inhibitory postsynaptic potentials - following activation by GABA, the channel undergoes a conformational change that allows the passage of chloride ions through the channel. The inhibitory potentials produced by GABA neurotransmission play an integral role in the suppression and control of epileptiform nerve firing such as that seen in epilepsy, which makes the GABA system a desirable target in the treatment of epilepsy.
Benzodiazepines are positive allosteric modulators of GABA(A) function. They bind to the interface between alpha (α) and gamma (γ) subunits on the receptor, commonly referred to as the benzodiazepine binding site, and modulate the receptor such that its inhibitory response to GABA binding is dramatically increased.[A198957]
|
Following oral administration, peak plasma levels (C<sub>max</sub>) averaged 450 mg/mL and occurred approximately 3 hours (T<sub>max</sub>) after dosing.[L13895]
|
Oxazepam has a single major inactive metabolite, a glucuronide conjugate.[L13895] The glucuronidation of the S-isomer is catalyzed by UGT2B15. The glucuronidation of the R-isomer is catalyzed by UGT2B7 and UGT1A9.[A18016]
|
The oral LD<sub>50</sub> in rats and mice is >8000 mg/kg and 1540 mg/kg, respectively.[L13904]
Symptoms of oxazepam overdose are likely to be consistent with its adverse effect profile and range from mild to severe, sometimes fatal, CNS depression.[L13895] Treatment should include gastric decontamination, via lavage or induced vomiting, followed by symptomatic and supportive measures. The benzodiazepine antagonist [flumazenil] may be used in hospitalized patients as an adjunct to non-pharmacological management, but may increase the risk of seizure in long-term benzodiazepine users and in cyclic antidepressant overdose.[L13895]
|
The mean elimination half-life of oxazepam is 8.2 hours.[L13895]
|
Plasma protein binding is approximately 89%,[L13898] likely to albumin.[A203354]
|
Oxazepam is primarily eliminated in the urine as its glucuronide metabolite, with the feces containing approximately 21% of the unchanged drug.[L13898] The majority of an orally ingested dose of oxazepam is excreted within 48 hours.[L13898]
| null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Benzodiazepines
|
1,4-benzodiazepines
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"N05BA",
"N05B",
"N05",
"N"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.17",
"description": "Serax 10 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "1.2",
"description": "Oxazepam 30 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "0.04",
"description": "Apo-Oxazepam 10 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.07",
"description": "Apo-Oxazepam 15 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.09",
"description": "Apo-Oxazepam 30 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.6",
"description": "Oxazepam 10 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "0.73",
"description": "Oxazepam 15 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
}
] |
[] |
(+-)-Oxazepam | (RS)-Oxazepam | Oxazepam | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-1 | GABAAR subunit alpha-1 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-2 | GABAAR subunit alpha-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-3 | GABAAR subunit alpha-3 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-4 | GABAAR subunit alpha-4 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-5 | GABAAR subunit alpha-5 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-6 | GABAAR subunit alpha-6 | GABA(A) receptor subunit beta-1 | GABAAR subunit beta-1 | GABA(A) receptor subunit beta-2 | GABAAR subunit beta-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit beta-3 | GABAAR subunit beta-3 | GABA(A) receptor subunit delta | GABAAR subunit delta | GABA(A) receptor subunit epsilon | GABAAR subunit epsilon | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-1 | GABAAR subunit gamma-1 | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-2 | GABAAR subunit gamma-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-3 | GABAAR subunit gamma-3 | GABA(A) receptor subunit pi | GABAAR subunit pi | GABA(A) receptor subunit theta | GABAAR subunit theta | BZRP | MBR | Mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor | PBR | Peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor | PKBS | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-1 | GABAAR subunit alpha-1 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-2 | GABAAR subunit alpha-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-3 | GABAAR subunit alpha-3 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-5 | GABAAR subunit alpha-5 | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-1 | GABAAR subunit gamma-1 | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-2 | GABAAR subunit gamma-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-3 | GABAAR subunit gamma-3 | 2.4.1.17 | HLUG4 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B8 | UDPGT 2B15 | UDPGT 2B8 | UDPGTh-3 | UGT2B15 | UGT2B8 | 2.4.1.17 | 3,4-catechol estrogen-specific UDPGT | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B9 | UDPGT 2B7 | UDPGT 2B9 | UDPGTh-2 | UGT2B7 | UGTB2B9 | 2.4.1.17 | GNT1 | lugP4 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-I | UDPGT 1-9 | UGT-1I | UGT1 | UGT1-09 | UGT1.9 | UGT1*9 | UGT1A9 | UGT1I
|
[
"Apo-oxazepam",
"Apo-oxazepam",
"Apo-oxazepam",
"Bio-oxazepam",
"Bio-oxazepam",
"Bio-oxazepam",
"Novoxapam Tab 10mg",
"Novoxapam Tab 15mg",
"Novoxapam Tab 30mg",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxazepam 10mg Tablets",
"Oxazepam 15mg Tablets",
"Oxazepam 30mg Tablets",
"Oxazepam Tablets 15mg",
"Oxazepam Tablets 30mg",
"Oxpam",
"Oxpam",
"Oxpam",
"PMS-oxazepam Tab 10mg",
"PMS-oxazepam Tab 15mg",
"PMS-oxazepam Tab 30mg",
"Pro-oxazepam",
"Pro-oxazepam",
"Pro-oxazepam",
"Riva-oxazepam",
"Riva-oxazepam",
"Riva-oxazepam",
"Serax Tab 15mg",
"Serax Tab 30mg",
"Serax Tablets 10mg",
"Serax Tablets 15mg",
"Serax Tablets 30mg"
] |
[
"Adumbran",
"Alepam",
"Alopam",
"Anxiolit",
"Durazepam",
"Limbial",
"Medopam",
"Murelax",
"Noripam",
"Opamox",
"Ox-Pam",
"Oxascand",
"Praxiten",
"Purata",
"Serax",
"Serenal",
"Serenid",
"Serepax",
"Seresta",
"Serpax",
"Sobril",
"Tazepam",
"Vaben",
"Zaxpam"
] |
[] |
[
"P14867",
"P47869",
"P34903",
"P48169",
"P31644",
"Q16445",
"P18505",
"P47870",
"P28472",
"O14764",
"P78334",
"Q8N1C3",
"P18507",
"Q99928",
"O00591",
"Q9UN88",
"P30536",
"P14867",
"P47869",
"P34903",
"P31644",
"Q8N1C3",
"P18507",
"Q99928"
] |
[
"P54855",
"P16662",
"O60656"
] |
[
"P02768"
] |
[] |
DB00843
|
Donepezil
|
In 2016, the global burden of dementia was estimated to be 43.8 million, demonstrating a significant increase from a global prevalence of 20.2 million in 1990.[A182411] Donepezil, also known as Aricept, is a piperidine derivative acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used in the management of the dementia of Alzheimer's Disease, and in some cases, is used to manage other types of dementia.
Donepezil was first approved by the FDA in 1996, and its extended-release form was approved in combination with [Memantine] in 2014 to manage moderate and severe forms of Alzheimer's dementia.[L7916,L7937] A donepezil transdermal delivery system, Adlarity, was approved by the FDA in March 2022 for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia.[L41125] Though it does not alter the progression of Alzheimer's disease, donepezil is effective in managing the symptoms of its associated dementia.[T668]
|
solid
|
Donepezil, administered orally[L7916] or via transdermal delivery system,[L41125] is indicated for the treatment of dementia of the Alzheimer's type. It is also available as an extended-release capsule in combination with [memantine] for the treatment of moderate-to-severe dementia of the Alzheimer's type in patients previously stabilized on 10mg of donepezil hydrochloride once daily.[L7937]
Off-label uses include the management of vascular dementia, Parkinson's Disease-associated dementia, and Lewy body dementia, amongst others.[A182333,T668]
|
By inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, donepezil improves the cognitive and behavioral signs and symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease, which may include apathy, aggression, confusion, and psychosis.[A182333,A182408]
|
The commonly accepted cholinergic hypothesis[A182369] proposes that a portion of the cognitive and behavioral decline associated with Alzheimer's are the result of decreased cholinergic transmission in the central nervous system. Donepezil selectively and reversibly inhibits the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, which normally breaks down acetylcholine. The main pharmacological actions of this drug are believed to occur as the result of this enzyme inhibition, enhancing cholinergic transmission, which relieves the symptoms of Alzheimer's dementia. In addition to the above, other mechanisms of action of donepezil are possible, including the opposition of glutamate-induced excitatory transmission via downregulation of NMDA receptors and the regulation of amyloid proteins, which have demonstrated significant effects on the disease process of Alzheimer's.[A182333,A182351,A182444] Other possible targets for donepezil may also include the inhibition various inflammatory signaling pathways, exerting neuroprotective effects.[A182339,A182393]
|
Donepezil is slowly absorbed via the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. Tmax is 3 to 4 hours with a bioavailability of 100% and steady-state concentrations are attained within 15 to 21 days of administration.[A182333] The Tmax in one pharmacokinetic study determined a Tmax of 4.1 ± 1.5 hours.[A182324] The Cmax of 5 mg donepezil tablets is estimated to be 8.34 ng/mL, according to the Canadian monograph.[L7952] The AUC of 5 mg donepezil tablets has been determined to be 221.90-225.36 ng.hr/mL.[L7952]
|
Donepezil is metabolized by first pass metabolism in the liver, primarily by CYP3A4, in addition to CYP2D6. After this, O-dealkylation, hydroxylation, N-oxidation, hydrolysis, and O-glucuronidation occur, producing various metabolites with similar half-lives to the unchanged parent drug. A study of the pharmacokinetics of radiolabeled donepezil demonstrated that about 53% of plasma radioactivity appeared as donepezil in the unchanged form, and 11% was identified as the metabolite 6-O-desmethyl donepezil, which exerts similar potency inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme.[A182333,L7916] This drug is heavily metabolized to four primary metabolites, two of which are considered pharmacologically active, as well as to multiple inactive and unidentified metabolites.[L7916]
|
LD50
The rat oral LD50 of donepezil is 32.6 mg/kg.[L7928]
Overdose information
Signs and symptoms of overdose with cholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil can include severe nausea and vomiting, bradycardia, hypotension, perspiration, seizures, muscle weakness respiratory depression, and collapse. Significant muscle weakness may result in death if the respiratory muscles are affected by donepezil overdose. To manage an overdose, anticholinergics can be employed as antidotes. Atropine at intravenous doses of 1.0 - 2.0 mg can be administered and titrated according to the clinical response. Consult the local poison control center for the most updated guidelines on the management of a donepezil overdose. Whether donepezil can be removed from the body with dialysis is unknown at this time.[L7916]
|
The average elimination half-life of donepezil is about 70 hours according to the results of various studies and the FDA label for donepezil.[A182333,L7916]. One pharmacokinetic study determined the average terminal half-life to be 81.5±22.0 h[A182324]
|
Donepezil is 96% protein-bound, with approximately 75% binding to albumin and approximately 21% binding to alpha-1-glycoprotein.[A182333,L7952]
|
In a study of radiolabeled administration donepezil in healthy adults, 57% of measured radioactivity was identified in the urine, and 5% was identified in the feces.[A182333]
|
The volume of distribution of donepezil is 11.8 ± 1.7 L/kg for a 5-mg dose and 11.6 ± 1.91 L/kg for a 10-mg dose. It is largely distributed in the extravascular compartments. Donepezil crosses the blood-brain barrier and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations at the above doses have been measured at 15.7%.[A182333] The volume of distribution at steady-state according to the FDA label for donepezil ranges from 12 - 16 L/kg.[L7916]
|
According to the FDA label, the average apparent plasma clearance of this drug is 0.13 – 0.19 L/hr/kg.[L7916] A 5 mg dose of donepezil in healthy patients was shown to have a plasma clearance of 0.110±0.02 L/h/kg.[L7952] In 10 patients diagnosed with alcoholic cirrhosis, showed a mean decrease in clearance by 20% when compared to the clearance in 10 healthy subjects. In 4 patients with severe renal impairment compared to 4 healthy subjects, no significant change in clearance was noted.[L7952]
|
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Piperidines
|
Benzylpiperidines
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"N06DA",
"N06D",
"N06",
"N",
"N06DA",
"N06D",
"N06",
"N",
"N06DA",
"N06D",
"N06",
"N"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "8.03",
"description": "Aricept odt 10 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "8.03",
"description": "Aricept odt 5 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "9.78",
"description": "Aricept 5 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "10.93",
"description": "Aricept 10 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "272.99",
"description": "Aricept ODT 30 5 mg Dispersible Tablet Box",
"unit": "box"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "1990-01-23",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2010-11-25",
"number": "4895841"
},
{
"approved": "2005-11-22",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2017-06-06",
"number": "2252806"
},
{
"approved": "1996-12-24",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2013-12-24",
"number": "1338808"
},
{
"approved": "2010-06-01",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2022-06-23",
"number": "7727548"
},
{
"approved": "2010-06-01",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2018-03-26",
"number": "7727552"
},
{
"approved": "2012-05-08",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2026-05-22",
"number": "8173708"
},
{
"approved": "2012-10-09",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2026-05-22",
"number": "8283379"
},
{
"approved": "2013-01-29",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2026-05-22",
"number": "8362085"
},
{
"approved": "2011-10-18",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2029-09-24",
"number": "8039009"
},
{
"approved": "2012-12-11",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2026-05-22",
"number": "8329752"
},
{
"approved": "2013-12-03",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2026-05-22",
"number": "8598233"
},
{
"approved": "2012-05-01",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2026-05-22",
"number": "8168209"
},
{
"approved": "2013-07-09",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2026-10-04",
"number": "8481565"
},
{
"approved": "2012-12-25",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2025-11-22",
"number": "8338486"
},
{
"approved": "2011-11-15",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2029-12-05",
"number": "8058291"
},
{
"approved": "2013-11-12",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2025-11-22",
"number": "8580858"
},
{
"approved": "2012-12-25",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2025-11-22",
"number": "8338485"
},
{
"approved": "2012-10-23",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2025-11-22",
"number": "8293794"
},
{
"approved": "1991-10-29",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2015-10-11",
"number": "5061703"
},
{
"approved": "2021-04-06",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2038-08-11",
"number": "10966936"
},
{
"approved": "2021-08-31",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2037-07-26",
"number": "11103463"
},
{
"approved": "2020-11-17",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2038-05-20",
"number": "10835499"
},
{
"approved": "2018-07-10",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2037-07-26",
"number": "10016372"
},
{
"approved": "2019-06-04",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2037-07-26",
"number": "10307379"
},
{
"approved": "2018-06-12",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2037-07-26",
"number": "9993466"
},
{
"approved": "2019-05-28",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2037-07-26",
"number": "10300025"
},
{
"approved": "2017-09-23",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2037-09-23",
"number": "11648214"
},
{
"approved": "2017-05-26",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2037-05-26",
"number": "11679086"
}
] |
Domepezil | Donepezil | Donepezilo | Donepezilum | 3.1.1.7 | AChE | 5-HT-2 | 5-HT-2A | HTR2 | Serotonin receptor 2A | 3.1.1.8 | Acylcholine acylhydrolase | Butyrylcholine esterase | CHE1 | Choline esterase II | Pseudocholinesterase | 1.14.13.39 | bNOS | Constitutive NOS | N-NOS | NC-NOS | Neuronal NOS | Nitric oxide synthase, brain | nNOS | NOS type I | Peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylase NOS1 | 3.1.1.- | Hyaluronate-binding protein | TNF alpha-induced protein 6 | TNF-stimulated gene 6 protein | TSG-6 | TSG6 | Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 6 | Catabolin | IL-1 beta | IL1F2 | DNA-binding factor KBF2 | H2TF1 | Lymphocyte translocation chromosome 10 protein | LYT10 | Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 2 | Oncogene Lyt-10 | DNA-binding factor KBF1 | EBP-1 | Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 | GluN1 | Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit zeta-1 | hNR1 | N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR1 | NMD-R1 | NMDAR1 | GluN2A | Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1 | hNR2A | N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subtype 2A | NMDAR2A | NR2A | GluN2B | Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-2 | hNR3 | N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subtype 2B | N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 3 | NMDAR2B | NR2B | NR3 | GluN2C | Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-3 | N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subtype 2C | NMDAR2C | NR2C | EB11 | GluN2D | Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-4 | N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subtype 2D | NMDAR2D | NR2D | GluN3A | KIAA1973 | N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype 3A | NMDAR-L | NMDAR3A | NR3A | GluN3B | N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype 3B | NMDAR3B | NR3B | 1.14.14.- | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2DL1 | CYPIID6 | Cytochrome P450-DB1 | Debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase | (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2C10 | CYPIIC9 | Cytochrome P-450MP | Cytochrome P450 MP-4 | Cytochrome P450 MP-8 | Cytochrome P450 PB-1 | S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | 7.6.2.2 | ABCP | ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 | BCRP | BCRP1 | Breast cancer resistance protein | CDw338 | Mitoxantrone resistance-associated protein | MXR | Placenta-specific ATP-binding cassette transporter | Urate exporter
|
[
"Accel-donepezil",
"Accel-donepezil",
"Ach-donepezil",
"Ach-donepezil",
"Act Donepezil",
"Act Donepezil",
"Act Donepezil ODT",
"Act Donepezil ODT",
"Adlarity",
"Adlarity",
"Ag-donepezil",
"Ag-donepezil",
"Apo-donepezil",
"Apo-donepezil",
"Aricept",
"Aricept",
"Aricept",
"Aricept",
"Aricept",
"Aricept",
"Aricept",
"Aricept",
"Aricept",
"Aricept",
"Aricept",
"Aricept",
"Aricept",
"Aricept",
"Aricept",
"Aricept ODT",
"Aricept ODT",
"Aricept Rdt",
"Aricept Rdt",
"Auro-donepezil",
"Auro-donepezil",
"Bio-donepezil",
"Bio-donepezil",
"Dom-donepezil",
"Dom-donepezil",
"Donepezil",
"Donepezil",
"Donepezil",
"Donepezil",
"Donepezil",
"Donepezil",
"Donepezil",
"Donepezil",
"Donepezil",
"Donepezil",
"Donepezil",
"Donepezil",
"Donepezil",
"Donepezil",
"Donepezil",
"Donepezil",
"Donepezil",
"Donepezil",
"Donepezil",
"Donepezil",
"Donepezil",
"Donepezil",
"Donepezil",
"Donepezil",
"Donepezil",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil hydrochloride",
"Donepezil hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil hydrochloride",
"Donepezil hydrochloride",
"Donepezil hydrochloride",
"Donepezil hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil hydrochloride",
"Donepezil hydrochloride",
"Donepezil hydrochloride",
"Donepezil hydrochloride",
"Donepezil hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil hydrochloride",
"Donepezil hydrochloride",
"Donepezil hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil hydrochloride",
"Donepezil hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride 10 mg",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride 10 mg",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride 10mg",
"DONEPEZIL HYDROCHLORIDE 10mg",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride 10mg",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride 5 mg",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride 5 mg",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride 5 mg",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride 5 mg",
"donepezil hydrochloride ODT",
"donepezil hydrochloride ODT",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride ODT",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride ODT",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride Tablets USP",
"Donepezil Hydrochloride Tablets USP",
"Donepezil Hyrochloride 5mg",
"DONEPEZIL HYROCHLORIDE 5mg",
"Donepezil Hyrochloride 5mg",
"Donepezil Hyrochloride 5mg",
"Donepezil Hyrochloride 5mg",
"Ecl-donepezil",
"Ecl-donepezil",
"Ipg-donepezil",
"Ipg-donepezil",
"Jamp-donepezil",
"Jamp-donepezil",
"Jamp-donepezil Tablets",
"Jamp-donepezil Tablets",
"M-donepezil",
"M-donepezil",
"Mar-donepezil",
"Mar-donepezil",
"Memantine and Donepezil Hydrochlorides Extended-release",
"Memantine and Donepezil Hydrochlorides Extended-release",
"Memantine and Donepezil Hydrochlorides Extended-release",
"Memantine and Donepezil Hydrochlorides Extended-release",
"Mint-donepezil",
"Mint-donepezil",
"Mylan-donepezil",
"Mylan-donepezil",
"Namzaric",
"Namzaric",
"Namzaric",
"Namzaric",
"Namzaric",
"Namzaric",
"Namzaric",
"Namzaric",
"Nat-donepezil",
"Nat-donepezil",
"Nra-donepezil",
"Nra-donepezil",
"PMS-donepezil",
"PMS-donepezil",
"Priva-donepezil",
"Priva-donepezil",
"Riva-donepezil",
"Riva-donepezil",
"Sandoz Donepezil",
"Sandoz Donepezil",
"Sandoz Donepezil ODT",
"Sandoz Donepezil ODT",
"Septa Donepezil",
"Septa Donepezil",
"Taro-donepezil",
"Taro-donepezil",
"Teva-donepezil",
"Teva-donepezil",
"Van-donepezil",
"Van-donepezil"
] |
[
"Alzepil",
"Davia",
"Depzil",
"Donecept",
"Donecil",
"Donep",
"Donepex",
"Donesyn",
"Dopezil",
"Eranz",
"Memac",
"Nomi-Nox",
"Pezale",
"Redumas",
"Zolpezil"
] |
[
"Namzaric",
"Namzaric",
"Namzaric",
"Namzaric",
"Namzaric",
"Namzaric",
"Namzaric",
"Namzaric",
"Memantine and Donepezil Hydrochlorides Extended-release",
"Memantine and Donepezil Hydrochlorides Extended-release",
"Memantine and Donepezil Hydrochlorides Extended-release",
"Memantine and Donepezil Hydrochlorides Extended-release"
] |
[
"P22303",
"P28223",
"P06276",
"P29475",
"P98066",
"P01584",
"Q00653",
"P19838",
"Q05586",
"Q12879",
"Q13224",
"Q14957",
"O15399",
"Q8TCU5",
"O60391"
] |
[
"P10635",
"P08684",
"P11712"
] |
[] |
[
"Q9UNQ0"
] |
DB00844
|
Nalbuphine
|
A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at kappa opioid receptors and an antagonist or partial agonist at mu opioid receptors. Nalbuphine is the only opioid analgesic that is not a controlled substance in the United States.
|
solid
|
For the relief of moderate to severe pain.
|
Nalbuphine is a synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic of the phenanthrene series. Nalbuphine's analgesic potency is essentially equivalent to that of [morphine] on a milligram basis. The opoioid antagonist activity of nalbuphine is about one-fourth to that of [nalorphine] and 10 times to that of [pentazocine]. Nalbuphine by itself has potent opioid antagonist activity at doses equal to or lower than its analgesic dose. When administered following or concurrent with mu agonist opioid analgesics (e.g., morphine, oxymorphone, fentanyl), nalbuphine may partially reverse or block opioid-induced respiratory depression from the mu agonist analgesic. Nalbuphine may precipitate withdrawal in patients dependent on opioid drugs. Nalbuphine should be used with caution in patients who have been receiving mu opioid analgesics on a regular basis.
|
The exact mechanism of action is unknown, but is believed to interact with an opiate receptor site in the CNS (probably in or associated with the limbic system). The opiate antagonistic effect may result from competitive inhibition at the opiate receptor, but may also be a result of other mechanisms. Nalbuphine is thought primarily to be a kappa agonist. It is also a partial mu antagonist analgesic, with some binding to the delta receptor and minimal agonist activity at the sigma receptor.
|
The mean absolute bioavailability was 81% and 83% for the 10 and 20 mg intramuscular doses, respectively, and 79% and 76% following 10 and 20 mg of subcutaneous nalbuphine. Clinical studies show that the duration of analgesic activity of the drug can range from 3 to 6 hours.
| null |
Oral, acute LD50 is 1100 mg/kg in dog. Symptoms of overdose include primarily sleepiness and mild dysphoria.
|
The plasma half-life of nalbuphine is about 5 hours.
|
Not appreciably bound.
| null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Benzenoids
|
Phenanthrenes and derivatives
| null |
[
"approved"
] |
[
"N02AF",
"N02A",
"N02",
"N"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.46",
"description": "Nalbuphine 10 mg/ml ampul",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "2.66",
"description": "Nalbuphine 200 mg/10 ml vial",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "3.2",
"description": "Nalbuphine 20 mg/ml ampul",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "3.53",
"description": "Nubain 10 mg/ml vial",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "4.9",
"description": "Nubain 20 mg/ml ampule",
"unit": "ml"
}
] |
[] |
N-cyclobutylmethyl-4,5α-epoxy-3,6α,14-morphinantriol | Nalbufina | Nalbuphin | Nalbuphine | Nalbuphinum | K-OR-1 | KOR-1 | OPRK | hMOP | M-OR-1 | MOP | MOR-1 | MOR1 | Mu opiate receptor | Mu opioid receptor | D-OR-1 | DOR-1 | OPRD
|
[
"Nalbuphine Hci",
"Nalbuphine Hci",
"Nalbuphine Hydrochloride",
"Nalbuphine Hydrochloride",
"Nalbuphine Hydrochloride",
"Nalbuphine Hydrochloride",
"Nalbuphine Hydrochloride",
"Nalbuphine Hydrochloride",
"Nalbuphine Hydrochloride",
"Nalbuphine Hydrochloride",
"Nalbuphine Hydrochloride",
"Nalbuphine Hydrochloride",
"Nalbuphine Hydrochloride",
"Nalbuphine Hydrochloride",
"Nalbuphine Hydrochloride",
"Nalbuphine Hydrochloride",
"Nalbuphine Hydrochloride",
"Nalbuphine Hydrochloride",
"Nalbuphine Hydrochloride",
"Nalbuphine Hydrochloride",
"Nalbuphine hydrochloride",
"Nalbuphine hydrochloride",
"Nalbuphine hydrochloride",
"Nalbuphine hydrochloride",
"Nalbuphine Hydrochloride",
"Nalbuphine hydrochloride",
"Nubain",
"Nubain",
"Nubain",
"Nubain",
"Nubain",
"Nubain",
"Nubain Injection 10mg/ml",
"Nubain Injection 20mg/ml"
] |
[
"Mexifen",
"Nalbuphine",
"Nalpain"
] |
[] |
[
"P41145",
"P35372",
"P41143"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00845
|
Clofazimine
|
Clofazimine is a highly lipophilic antimicrobial riminophenazine dye used in combination with other agents, such as [dapsone], for the treatment of leprosy. It was originally described in 1957 and was the prototypical riminophenazine dye - a bright-red dye that, in its clinical use, results in long-lasting discoloration of the skin and bodily fluids.[A203144] Although it carries _in vitro_ activity against other mycobacterium, such as _Mycobacterium tuberculosis_, it is generally considered an ineffective treatment in comparison to classic tuberculosis treatments such as [rifampicin] and [isoniazid].[A203144]
|
solid
|
Clofazimine is indicated for the treatment of lepromatous leprosy, including dapsone-resistant lepromatous leprosy and lepromatous leprosy complicated by erythema nodosum leprosum.[L13802] To prevent the development of drug resistance, it should be used only in combination with other antimycobacterial leprosy treatments.
|
Clofazimine exerts a slow bactericidal effect on <i>Mycobacterium leprae</i> (Hansen's bacillus) due primarily to its action on the bacterial outer membrane, though there is some evidence that activity on the bacterial respiratory chain and ion transporters may play a role.[A203144] It also exerts anti-inflammatory properties due to the suppression of T-lymphocyte activity. Clofazimine has a relatively long duration of action owing to its long residence time in the body, but is still administered daily.
Approximately 75-100% of patients receiving clofazimine will experience an orange-pink to brownish-black discoloration of the skin, conjunctivae, and bodily fluids.[L13802] Skin discoloration may take several months or years to reverse following the cessation of therapy. Clofazimine has also been implicated in abdominal obstruction, in some cases fatal, due to the deposition of drug and formation of crystals in the intestinal mucosa - complaints of abdominal pain and nausea/vomiting should be investigated promptly, and the doses of clofazimine should be lowered or discontinued if it is found to be the culprit.[L13802]
Its use should be avoided in patients with hepatic dysfunction.[L13802]
|
Although the precise mechanism(s) of action of clofazimine have not been elucidated, its antimicrobial activity appears to be membrane-directed. It was previously thought that, due to its lipophilicity, clofazimine participated in the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) via redox cycling, specifically H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and superoxide, which then exerted an antimicrobial effect.[A203144] A more recent and compelling theory involves clofazimine interacting with bacterial membrane phospholipids to generate antimicrobial lysophospholipids - bactericidal efficacy may, then, arise from the combined membrane-destabilizing effects of both clofazimine and lysophospholipids, which interfere with K+ uptake and, ultimately, ATP production.[A203144,L13802]
The anti-inflammatory activity of clofazimine is the result of its inhibition of T-lymphocyte activation and proliferation.[L13802] Several mechanisms have been proposed, including direct antagonism of T-cell Kv 1.3 potassium channels and indirect action by promoting the release of E-series prostaglandins and reactive oxygen species from bystander neutrophils and monocytes.
|
Absorption varies from 45 to 62% following oral administration in leprosy patients.[L13802] Co-administration of a 200mg dose of clofazimine with food resulted in a C<sub>max</sub> of 0.41 mg/L with a T<sub>max</sub> of 8 h; administered in a fasting state, the corresponding C<sub>max</sub> was 30% lower while the time to Cmax was 12 h.[A203213]
|
Three metabolites have been identified in the urine following repeated oral doses of clofazimine.[L13802] It is unclear whether these metabolites are pharmacologically active. Metabolite I may be the result of the hydrolytic dehalogenation of clofazimine and metabolite II presumably is formed by a hydrolytic deamination reaction followed by glucuronidation.[A203213]
|
The reported oral LD<sub>50</sub> of clofazimine in rats and mice is 8400 mg/kg and >5000 mg/kg, respectively.[L13820]
No specific data are available regarding the treatment of clofazimine overdosage.[L13802] In cases of overdose consider gastrointestinal decontamination via gastric lavage or induced vomiting. Employ symptomatic and supportive measures as clinically indicated.
|
The mean elimination half-life is approximately 25 days.[L13802]
|
Clofazimine is bound primarily to beta-lipoproteins (and, to a lesser extent, alpha-lipoproteins) in the serum. This binding was saturable at concentrations of ~10 µg/mL. Binding to gamma-globulin and albumin is negligible.[L13802]
|
Part of an ingested dose of clofazimine is found in the feces, which may represent excretion in the bile, and a small amount is also eliminated in the sputum, sebum, and sweat.[L13802] Excretion of unchanged drug and metabolites in a 24-hour urine collection was negligible.
|
Clofazimine is highly lipophilic and therefore deposits primarily in fatty tissues and cells of the reticuloendothelial system, where it is taken up by macrophages and further distributed throughout the body. Crystalized deposits have been found in the mesenteric lymph nodes, adrenals, subcutaneous fat, liver, bile, gall bladder, spleen, small intestine, muscles, bones, and skin.[L13802]
| null |
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Diazanaphthalenes
|
Benzodiazines
|
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[
"J04BA",
"J04B",
"J04",
"J",
"J04BA",
"J04B",
"J04",
"J"
] |
[
"Mycobacteria",
"Mycobacterium leprae"
] |
[
{
"cost": "187.2",
"description": "Clofazimine powder",
"unit": "g"
}
] |
[] |
Clofazimin | Clofazimina | Clofazimine | Clofaziminum | Riminophenazine | NR1C3 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 3 | PPAR-gamma | HGK5 | HLK3 | HPCN3 | Voltage-gated K(+) channel HuKIII | Voltage-gated potassium channel subunit Kv1.3 | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIIA5 | Cytochrome P450-PCN3 | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIC8 | Cytochrome P450 form 1 | Cytochrome P450 IIC2 | Cytochrome P450 MP-12 | Cytochrome P450 MP-20 | S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | 1.14.14.- | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2DL1 | CYPIID6 | Cytochrome P450-DB1 | Debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase | ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 | MDR1 | Multidrug resistance protein 1 | P-glycoprotein 1 | PGY1 | Phospholipid transporter ABCB1 | 7.6.2.2 | ABCP | ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 | BCRP | BCRP1 | Breast cancer resistance protein | CDw338 | Mitoxantrone resistance-associated protein | MXR | Placenta-specific ATP-binding cassette transporter | Urate exporter | 7.6.2.2 | ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 1 | Glutathione-S-conjugate-translocating ATPase ABCC1 | Leukotriene C(4) transporter | LTC4 transporter | MRP | MRP1
|
[
"Lamprene"
] |
[
"Clofozine",
"Hansepran",
"Lamcoin",
"Lampren",
"Lamprène"
] |
[] |
[
"P37231",
"P22001"
] |
[
"P08684",
"P20815",
"P10632",
"P10635"
] |
[
"P02768"
] |
[
"P08183",
"Q9UNQ0",
"P33527"
] |
DB00846
|
Flurandrenolide
|
A corticosteroid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream or an ointment, and is also used as a polyethylene tape with an adhesive. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p733)
|
solid
|
For relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses, particularly dry, scaling localized lesions
|
Flurandrenolide is primarily effective because of its anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive actions.
|
Flurandrenolide is a topical corticosteroid. It is normally applied to a plastic tape called Cordran. Cordran is primarily effective because of its anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive actions. Flurandrenolide, which is slowly released from the Cordran tape, binds to the cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor. After binding the receptor the newly formed receptor-ligand complex translocates itself into the cell nucleus, where it binds to many glucocorticoid response elements (GRE) in the promoter region of the target genes. The DNA bound receptor then interacts with basic transcription factors, causing the increase in expression of specific target genes. The anti-inflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve lipocortins, phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins which, through inhibition arachidonic acid, control the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Specifically glucocorticoids induce lipocortin-1 (annexin-1) synthesis, which then binds to cell membranes preventing the phospholipase A2 from coming into contact with its substrate arachidonic acid. This leads to diminished eicosanoid production. Cyclooxygenase (both COX-1 and COX-2) expression is also suppressed, potentiating the effect. In another words, the two main products in inflammation Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes are inhibited by the action of Glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids also stimulate the lipocortin-1 escaping to the extracellular space, where it binds to the leukocyte membrane receptors and inhibits various inflammatory events: epithelial adhesion, emigration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, respiratory burst and the release of various inflammatory mediators (lysosomal enzymes, cytokines, tissue plasminogen activator, chemokines etc.) from neutrophils, macrophages and mastocytes. Additionally the immune system is suppressed by corticosteroids due to a decrease in the function of the lymphatic system, a reduction in immunoglobulin and complement concentrations, the precipitation of lymphocytopenia, and interference with antigen-antibody binding. Like other glucocorticoid agents Fluocinolone acetonide acts as a physiological antagonist to insulin by decreasing glycogenesis (formation of glycogen). It also promotes the breakdown of lipids (lipolysis), and proteins, leading to the mobilization of extrahepatic amino acids and ketone bodies. This leads to increased circulating glucose concentrations (in the blood). There is also decreased glycogen formation in the liver.
|
Once absorbed through the skin, topical corticosteroids are handled through pharmacokinetic pathways similar to those of systemically administered corticosteroids
|
Primarily hepatic
|
Systemic absorption of topical corticosteroids has produced reversible hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis suppression, manifestations of Cushing's syndrome, hyperglycemia, and glucosuria in some patients
| null |
Corticosteroids are bound to plasma proteins in varying degrees.
|
Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed from normal intact skin. They are metabolized primarily in the liver and then excreted in the kidneys. Some of the topical corticosteroids and their metabolites are also excreted into the bile.
| null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Lipids and lipid-like molecules
|
Steroids and steroid derivatives
|
Hydroxysteroids
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"D07CC",
"D07C",
"D07",
"D",
"D07AC",
"D07A",
"D07",
"D"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "4.8",
"description": "Cordran 0.05% lotion",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "4.8",
"description": "Cordran sp 0.05% cream",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "53.63",
"description": "Cordran 4 mcg/sqcm Tape (24 X 3 Inch) Box",
"unit": "box"
},
{
"cost": "105.02",
"description": "Cordran (80 X 3 Inch) Box Box",
"unit": "box"
}
] |
[] |
Fludroxicortida | Fludroxicortide | Fludroxycortid | Fludroxycortide | Fludroxycortidum | Flurandrenolide | Flurandrenolone | ERR-alpha | ERR1 | ESRL1 | Estrogen receptor-like 1 | Estrogen-related receptor alpha | NR3B1 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group B member 1 | ERR beta-2 | ERR-beta | ERRB2 | ESRL2 | Estrogen receptor-like 2 | Estrogen-related receptor beta | NR3B2 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group B member 2 | ERR gamma-2 | ERR3 | ERRG2 | Estrogen receptor-related protein 3 | KIAA0832 | NR3B3 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group B member 3 | GR | GRL | Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase | CBG | Serpin A6 | Transcortin
|
[
"Cordran",
"Cordran",
"Cordran",
"Cordran",
"Cordran",
"Cordran",
"Cordran",
"Cordran",
"Cordran",
"Cordran",
"Cordran",
"Cordran",
"Cordran",
"Cordran",
"Cordran",
"Cordran SP",
"Cordran SP",
"Drenison Tape M 170 4mcg Sq Cm",
"Flurandrenolide",
"Flurandrenolide",
"Flurandrenolide",
"Flurandrenolide",
"Flurandrenolide",
"Flurandrenolide",
"Flurandrenolide",
"Flurandrenolide",
"Flurandrenolide",
"Flurandrenolide Cream",
"Nolix",
"Nolix"
] |
[
"Drenison",
"Haelan"
] |
[] |
[
"P11474",
"O95718",
"P62508",
"P04150"
] |
[
"P08684"
] |
[
"P08185"
] |
[] |
DB00848
|
Levamisole
|
Levamisole is an antihelminthic drug that was commonly used for the treatment of parasitic, viral, and bacterial infections. [A178117] It was manufactured by _Janssen_ and first used in 1969 as an agent to treat worm infestations[A178123] Levamisole was approved by the FDA in 1990 as an adjuvant treatment for colon cancer.[L6232] Prior to this, levamisole was used as an antirheumatic therapy in the 1970s and 1980s for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.[A178123]
Because of its immunomodulatory effects, this drug has been studied in the treatment of various immune-mediated diseases, with some studies showing positive results. [A178117] This drug has also been used in combination with other drugs for the treatment of various cancers. [A178117, A178123]
Levamisole was withdrawn from the American market in 2000 due to its ability to cause serious adverse effects, including agranulocytosis. [A178123] Interestingly, levamisole has been found as an adulterant in cocaine and can lead to a variety of adverse effects in individuals using this drug.[A178120]
|
solid
|
For adjuvant treatment in combination with fluorouracil after surgical resection in patients with Dukes' stage C colon cancer. Also used to treat malignant melanoma and head/neck cancer.
|
Levamisole is a synthetic imidazothiazole derivative that has been widely used in treatment of worm infestations in both humans and animals. As an anthelmintic, it probably works by targeting the nematode nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor. As an immunomodulator, it appears that Levamisole is an immunostimulant which has been shown to increase NK cells and activated T-cells in patients receiving this adjuvantly along with 5FU for Stage III colon cancer.
|
The mechanism of action of levamisole as an antiparasitic agent appears to be tied to its agnositic activity towards the L-subtype nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in nematode muscles. This agonistic action reduces the capacity of the males to control their reproductive muscles and limits their ability to copulate. The mechanism of action of Levamisole as an anticancer drug in combination with fluorouracil is unknown. The effects of levamisole on the immune system are complex. The drug appears to restore depressed immune function rather than to stimulate response to above-normal levels. Levamisole can stimulate formation of antibodies to various antigens, enhance T-cell responses by stimulating T-cell activation and proliferation, potentiate monocyte and macrophage functions including phagocytosis and chemotaxis, and increase neutrophil mobility, adherence, and chemotaxis.
|
Levamisole is rapidly absorbed (2 hours) from the gastrointestinal tract.
|
Primarily hepatic (extensive) with both active and inactive metabolites.
|
LD<sub>50</sub> = 40 mg/kg (Pigs, subcutaneous); LD<sub>50</sub> = 180 mg/kg (rat, oral)
|
4.4-5.6 hours (biphasic)
|
20-25%
| null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Imidazothiazoles
| null |
[
"approved",
"investigational",
"vet_approved",
"withdrawn"
] |
[
"P02CE",
"P02C",
"P02",
"P"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "7.5",
"description": "Levamisole hcl powder",
"unit": "g"
}
] |
[] |
Levamisol | Levamisole | Levamisolum | NACHRA3 | 3.1.3.1 | Alkaline phosphatase liver/bone/kidney isozyme | AP-TNAP | Phosphoamidase | Phosphocreatine phosphatase | TNS-ALP | TNSALP | 3.1.3.1 | Alkaline phosphatase Nagao isozyme | Alkaline phosphatase, placental-like | ALP-1 | ALPPL | ALPPL2 | GCAP | Germ cell alkaline phosphatase | Placental alkaline phosphatase-like | PLAP-like | Uncoordinated protein 38 | lev-7 | Levamisole-resistant protein 7 | Uncoordinated protein 63 | Levamisole-resistant protein 1 | Uncoordinated protein 29
|
[
"Ergamisol Tab 50mg",
"Novo-levamisole"
] |
[
"Ergamisol",
"Ketrax"
] |
[] |
[
"P32297",
"P05186",
"P10696"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00849
|
Methylphenobarbital
|
A barbiturate that is metabolized to phenobarbital. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in epilepsy, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over phenobarbital.
|
solid
|
For the relief of anxiety, tension, and apprehension, also used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of epilepsy.
|
Methylphenobarbital, a barbiturate, is used in combination with acetaminophen or aspirin and caffeine for its sedative and relaxant effects in the treatment of tension headaches, migraines, and pain. Barbiturates act as nonselective depressants of the central nervous system (CNS), capable of producing all levels of CNS mood alteration from excitation to mild sedation, hypnosis, and deep coma. In sufficiently high therapeutic doses, barbiturates induce anesthesia.
|
Methylphenobarbital binds at a distinct binding site associated with a Cl<sup>-</sup> ionopore at the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor, increasing the duration of time for which the Cl<sup>-</sup> ionopore is open. The post-synaptic inhibitory effect of GABA in the thalamus is, therefore, prolonged.
|
Approximately 50% of an oral dose of mephobarbital is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
|
Hepatic, primarily by the hepatic microsomal enzyme system. About 75% of a single oral dose of mephobarbital is metabolized to phenobarbital in 24 hours.
| null |
34 (range 11-67) hours
|
70-76%
| null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Diazines
|
Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"N03AA",
"N03A",
"N03",
"N",
"N05CB",
"N05C",
"N05",
"N"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.28",
"description": "Mebaral 50 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.73",
"description": "Mebaral 100 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "4.0",
"description": "Mentax 1% cream",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "0.87",
"description": "Mebaral 32 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
}
] |
[] |
1-Methylphenobarbital | 5-ethyl-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione | 5-Ethyl-1-methyl-5-phenyl-pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione | 5-ethyl-1-methyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid | Enphenemal | Mephobarbital | Mephobarbitone | Méthylphénobarbital | Methylphenobarbital | Methylphenobarbitalum | Methylphenobarbitone | Metilfenobarbital | Metilfenobarbitale | N-Methylphenobarbital | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-2 | GABAAR subunit alpha-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-3 | GABAAR subunit alpha-3 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-4 | GABAAR subunit alpha-4 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-5 | GABAAR subunit alpha-5 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-6 | GABAAR subunit alpha-6 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-1 | GABAAR subunit alpha-1 | NACRA4 | NACHRA7 | AMPA-selective glutamate receptor 2 | GluA2 | GluR-2 | GluR-B | GluR-K2 | GLUR2 | Glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 2 | EAA4 | Excitatory amino acid receptor 4 | GluK2 | GluR-6 | GLUR6 | Glutamate receptor 6 | Orphan nuclear receptor PAR1 | Orphan nuclear receptor PXR | Pregnane X receptor | PXR | Steroid and xenobiotic receptor | SXR | (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIC17 | CYPIIC19 | Cytochrome P450-11A | Cytochrome P450-254C | Fenbendazole monooxygenase (4'-hydroxylating) | Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.13.- | CYPIIB6 | Cytochrome P450 IIB1
|
[
"Mebaral",
"Mebaral",
"Mebaral",
"Mephobarbital",
"Mephobarbital"
] |
[
"Mephyltaletten",
"Phemiton",
"Phemitone",
"Phenmiton",
"Prominal"
] |
[] |
[
"P47869",
"P34903",
"P48169",
"P31644",
"Q16445",
"P14867",
"P43681",
"P36544",
"P42262",
"Q13002",
"O75469"
] |
[
"P33261",
"P20813"
] |
[] |
[] |
DB00850
|
Perphenazine
|
An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of chlorpromazine.
|
solid
|
For use in the management of the manifestations of psychotic disorders and for the control of severe nausea and vomiting in adults.
|
Perphenazine is a piperazinyl phenothiazine, acts on the central nervous system, and has a greater behavioral potency than other phenothiazine derivatives whose side chains do not contain a piperazine moiety. It is a member of a class of drugs called phenothiazines, which are dopamine D1/D2 receptor antagonists. Perphenazine is 10 to 15 times as potent as chlorpromazine; that means perphenazine is a highly potent antipsychotic. In equivalent doses it has approximately the same frequency and severity of early and late extrapypramidal side-effects compared to Haloperidol.
|
Binds to the dopamine D1 and dopamine D2 receptors and inhibits their activity. The mechanism of the anti-emetic effect is due predominantly to blockage of the dopamine D2 neurotransmitter receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone and vomiting centre. Perphenazine also binds the alpha andrenergic receptor. This receptor's action is mediated by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system.
|
Absolute bioavailability is 40% following oral administration.
|
Hepatic.
|
Symptoms of overdose include stupor or coma, and children may have convulsive seizures. Signs of arousal may not occur for 48 hours. Oral LD<sub>50</sub>=318 mg/kg (rat); IPR LD<sub>50</sub>=64 mg/kg (mouse)
|
8-12 hours, but ranges up to 20 hours.
| null |
Perphenazine is extensively metabolized in the liver to a number of metabolites by sulfoxidation, hydroxylation, dealkylation, and glucuronidation.
| null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Benzothiazines
|
Phenothiazines
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"N05AB",
"N05A",
"N05",
"N"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.05",
"description": "Perphenazine 4 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.28",
"description": "Perphenazine 8 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.73",
"description": "Perphenazine 16 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.07",
"description": "Apo-Perphenazine 2 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.08",
"description": "Apo-Perphenazine 4 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.09",
"description": "Apo-Perphenazine 8 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.13",
"description": "Apo-Perphenazine 16 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.77",
"description": "Perphenazine 2 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
}
] |
[] |
2-(4-[3-(2-chloro-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl]-1-piperazinyl)ethanol | 2-chloro-10-(3-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)propyl)phenothiazine | 4-[3-(2-chloro-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl]-1-piperazineethanol | 4-[3-(2-chlorophenothiazin-10-yl)propyl]-1-piperazineethanol | Chlorpiprazine | Etaperazin | Etaperazine | Ethaperazine | Perfenazina | Perfenazine | Perphenazin | Perphénazine | Perphenazine | Perphenazinum | γ-(4-(β-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)propyl-2-chlorophenothiazine | Dopamine D2 receptor | Dopamine D1 receptor | CALM | CAM | CAM1 | CAM2 | CAMB | CALML2 | CAM3 | CAMC | CAMIII | 1.14.14.1 | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYPIA2 | Cytochrome P(3)450 | Cytochrome P450 4 | Cytochrome P450-P3 | Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIC18 | Cytochrome P450-6b/29c | (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIC17 | CYPIIC19 | Cytochrome P450-11A | Cytochrome P450-254C | Fenbendazole monooxygenase (4'-hydroxylating) | Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIC8 | Cytochrome P450 form 1 | Cytochrome P450 IIC2 | Cytochrome P450 MP-12 | Cytochrome P450 MP-20 | S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2C10 | CYPIIC9 | Cytochrome P-450MP | Cytochrome P450 MP-4 | Cytochrome P450 MP-8 | Cytochrome P450 PB-1 | S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.- | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2DL1 | CYPIID6 | Cytochrome P450-DB1 | Debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase
|
[
"Apo Peram Tab 2-25",
"Apo Peram Tab 3-15",
"Elavil Plus Tab",
"Etrafon 2 10",
"Etrafon A Tab",
"Etrafon D Tab",
"Etrafon F Tab",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine",
"Perphenazine 16 Tab",
"Perphenazine 2 Tab 2mg",
"Perphenazine 8 Tab 8mg",
"Perphenazine and Amitriptyline Hydrochloride",
"Perphenazine and Amitriptyline Hydrochloride",
"Perphenazine and Amitriptyline Hydrochloride",
"Perphenazine and Amitriptyline Hydrochloride",
"Perphenazine and Amitriptyline Hydrochloride",
"Perphenazine and Amitriptyline Hydrochloride",
"Perphenazine and Amitriptyline Hydrochloride",
"Perphenazine and Amitriptyline Hydrochloride",
"Perphenazine and Amitriptyline Hydrochloride",
"Perphenazine Tab 2mg",
"Perphenazine Tab 4mg",
"Perphenazine Tab 4mg",
"Phenazine 16 Tab",
"Phenazine 2 Tab",
"Phenazine 4 Tab",
"Phenazine 8 Tab",
"PMS Perphenazine Concentrate Liq 3.2mg/ml",
"PMS Perphenazine Tab 16mg",
"PMS Perphenazine Tab 2mg",
"PMS Perphenazine Tab 4mg",
"PMS Perphenazine Tab 8mg",
"PMS-levazine 2/25 Tab",
"PMS-levazine 3/15 Tab",
"PMS-levazine 4/25 Tab",
"Proavil Tab",
"Triavil Tab",
"Trilafon Conc 16mg/5ml",
"Trilafon Inj 5mg/ml",
"Trilafon Syr 2mg/5ml",
"Trilafon Tab 2mg",
"Trilafon Tab 4mg",
"Trilafon Tab 8mg"
] |
[
"Decentan",
"Emesinal",
"Fentazin",
"Perphenan",
"PZC",
"Trilafon",
"Trilifan"
] |
[
"Perphenazine and Amitriptyline Hydrochloride",
"Perphenazine and Amitriptyline Hydrochloride",
"Perphenazine and Amitriptyline Hydrochloride",
"Perphenazine and Amitriptyline Hydrochloride",
"Perphenazine and Amitriptyline Hydrochloride",
"Perphenazine and Amitriptyline Hydrochloride",
"Perphenazine and Amitriptyline Hydrochloride",
"Perphenazine and Amitriptyline Hydrochloride",
"Perphenazine and Amitriptyline Hydrochloride",
"Etrafon 2 10",
"Elavil Plus Tab",
"Triavil Tab",
"Proavil Tab",
"Apo Peram Tab 3-15",
"Apo Peram Tab 2-25",
"Etrafon A Tab",
"Etrafon D Tab",
"Etrafon F Tab",
"PMS-levazine 3/15 Tab",
"PMS-levazine 2/25 Tab",
"PMS-levazine 4/25 Tab"
] |
[
"P14416",
"P21728",
"P0DP23",
"P0DP24",
"P0DP25"
] |
[
"P05177",
"P33260",
"P33261",
"P10632",
"P11712",
"P08684",
"P10635"
] |
[
"P02768"
] |
[] |
DB00851
|
Dacarbazine
|
An antineoplastic agent. It has significant activity against melanomas. (from Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p564). Dacarbazine with Oblimersen is in clinical trials for the treatment of malignant melanoma.
|
solid
|
For the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma. In addition, dacarbazine is also indicated for Hodgkin's disease as a secondary-line therapy when used in combination with other antineoplastic agents.
|
Dacarbazine is a synthetic analog of naturally occurring purine precursor 5-amino-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide (AIC). After intravenous administration of dacarbazine, the volume of distribution exceeds total body water content suggesting localization in some body tissue, probably the liver. Its disappearance from the plasma is biphasic with initial half-life of 19 minutes and a terminal half-life of 5 hours. 1 In a patient with renal and hepatic dysfunctions, the half-lives were lengthened to 55 minutes and 7.2 hours. 1 The average cumulative excretion of unchanged DTIC in the urine is 40% of the injected dose in 6 hours. 1 DTIC is subject to renal tubular secretion rather than glomerular filtration. At therapeutic concentrations dacarbazine is not appreciably bound to human plasma protein.
|
The mechanism of action is not known, but appears to exert cytotoxic effects via its action as an alkylating agent. Other theories include DNA synthesis inhibition by its action as a purine analog, and interaction with SH groups. Dacarbazine is not cell cycle-phase specific.
|
Erratic, slow and incomplete.
|
Hepatic
|
LD<sub>50</sub>=350mg/kg (orally in mice)
|
5 hours
|
Less than 5%
|
Dacarbazine is subject to renal tubular secretion rather than glomerular filtration. In man, dacarbazine is extensively degraded. Besides unchanged dacarbazine, 5-aminoimidazole -4 carboxamide (AIC) is a major metabolite of dacarbazine excreted in the urine.
| null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organic acids and derivatives
|
Carboxylic acids and derivatives
|
Carboxylic acid derivatives
|
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[
"L01AX",
"L01A",
"L01",
"L"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "11.34",
"description": "Dacarbazine 100 mg vial",
"unit": "vial"
},
{
"cost": "22.21",
"description": "Dacarbazine 200 mg vial",
"unit": "each"
}
] |
[] |
4-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-5-carboxamide | 4-(5)-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-5(4)-carboxamide | 4-(dimethyltriazeno)imidazole-5-carboxamide | 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide | 5-(3,3-dimethyltriazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide | 5-(dimethyltriazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide | Biocarbazine | Dacarbazin | Dacarbazina | Dacarbazine | Dacarbazinum | DIC | DTIC | ICDMT | DNA polymerase alpha 70 kDa subunit | 1.1.1.44 | PGDH | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIA1 | Cytochrome P450 form 6 | Cytochrome P450-C | Cytochrome P450-P1 | Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase | 1.14.14.1 | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYPIA2 | Cytochrome P(3)450 | Cytochrome P450 4 | Cytochrome P450-P3 | Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase | 1.14.14.1 | 4-nitrophenol 2-hydroxylase | CYP2E | CYPIIE1 | Cytochrome P450-J
|
[
"Dacarbazine",
"Dacarbazine",
"Dacarbazine",
"Dacarbazine",
"Dacarbazine",
"Dacarbazine",
"Dacarbazine",
"Dacarbazine",
"Dacarbazine for Injection BP",
"Dtic Dome Inj 200mg/vial",
"Dtic-dome -pws IV 200mg/vial"
] |
[
"Dacatic",
"Déticène",
"Deticene",
"Detimedac",
"DTIC",
"DTIC-Dome"
] |
[] |
[
"Q14181",
"P52209"
] |
[
"P04798",
"P05177",
"P05181"
] |
[] |
[] |
DB00852
|
Pseudoephedrine
|
Pseudoephedrine is structurally related to [ephedrine] but exerts a weaker effect on the sympathetic nervous system.[A188820,A188823] Both drugs naturally occur in in ephedra plant which have a history of use in traditional Eastern medicine and were first researched in the west in 1889.[A188823] The decongestant effect of pseudoephedrine was described in dogs in 1927.[A188823]
|
solid
|
Pseudoephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine used for its decongestant activity.[L11031,L11037,L11040,L11046,L11052,L11058,L11061]
|
Pseudoephedrine causes vasoconstriction which leads to a decongestant effect.[A188823,L11031,L11037,L11040,L11046,L11052,L11058,L11061] It has a short duration of action unless formulated as an extended release product.[L11031,L11037,L11040,L11046,L11052,L11058,L11061] Patients should be counselled regarding the risk of central nervous system stimulation.[L11031,L11040,L11058,L11061]
|
Pseudoephedrine acts mainly as an agonist of alpha adrenergic receptors[A189381] and less strongly as an agonist of beta adrenergic receptors.[A10896] This agonism of adrenergic receptors produces vasoconstriction which is used as a decongestant[A188823,L11031,L11037,L11040,L11046,L11052,L11058,L11061] and as a treatment of priapism.[A189384] Pseudoephedrine is also an inhibitor of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin transporters.[A17168,A17169]
The sympathomimetic effects of pseudoephedrine include an increase in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and chronotropic response of the right atria.[A17197] Pseudoephedrine is also a partial agonist of the anococcygeal muscle.[A17197] Pseudoephedrine also inhibits NF-kappa-B, NFAT, and AP-1.[A18244]
|
A 240mg oral dose of pseudoephedrine reaches a C<sub>max</sub> of 246.3±10.5ng/mL fed and 272.5±13.4ng/mL fasted, with a T<sub>max</sub> of 6.60±1.38h fed and 11.87±0.72h fasted, with an AUC of 6862.0±334.1ng\*h/mL fed and 7535.1±333.0ng\*h/mL fasted.[A189360]
|
Pseudoephedrine is <1% N-demethylated to an inactive metabolite.[L11058,L11061] The majority of pseudoephedrine is eliminated unmetabolized in the urine.[L11058,L11061]
|
The oral LD<sub>50</sub> of pseudoephedrine is 2206mg/kg in rats and 726mg/kg in mice.[L11040]
Patients experiencing an overdose of pseudoephedrine may present with giddiness, headache, nausea, vomiting, sweating, thirst, tachycardia, precordial pain, palpitations, difficulty urinating, muscle weakness, muscle tension, anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, toxic psychosis, cardiac arrhythmias, circulatory collapse, convulsions, coma, and respiratory failure.[L11058,L11061] Treat overdose with symptomatic and supportive treatment including removal of unabsorbed drug.[L11058,L11061]
|
The mean elimination half life of pseudoephedrine is 6.0h.[L11031]
|
-pseudoephedrine is 6.6±0.4% bound to human serum albumin and 22.5±3.2% protein bound in serum.[A189354] +pseudoephedrine is 6.7±1.2% protein bound to human serum albumin and 25.4±3.9% protein bound in human serum.[A189354]
|
55-75% of an oral dose is detected in the urine as unchanged pseudoephedrine.[L11040]
|
The apparent volume of distribution of pseudoephedrin is 2.6-3.3L/kg.[L11031]
|
A 60mg oral dose of pseudoephedrine has a clearance of 5.9±1.7mL/min/kg.[L11040]
|
Organic compounds
|
Benzenoids
|
Benzene and substituted derivatives
|
Phenylpropanes
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"R01BA",
"R01B",
"R01",
"R",
"R01BA",
"R01B",
"R01",
"R"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "0.04",
"description": "Dimetapp cold & cough liquid",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.04",
"description": "Dimetapp dm cold & cough elix",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.04",
"description": "Dimetapp long-acting cough liquid",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.04",
"description": "Suphedrine 30 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.05",
"description": "Children's sudafed pe liquid",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.05",
"description": "Pseudoephedrine 30 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.06",
"description": "Pseudoephedrine 60 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.07",
"description": "CVS Pharmacy nasal decongest 30 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.07",
"description": "Genaphed 30 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.07",
"description": "Pseudoephedrine gg syrup",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.09",
"description": "Genaphed plus tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.1",
"description": "Medi-phedrine 30 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.1",
"description": "Nasal decongestant 30 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.12",
"description": "CVS Pharmacy decongestant 30 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.12",
"description": "Sudogest 60 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.15",
"description": "Suphedrin 30 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.17",
"description": "Wal-phed 30 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.19",
"description": "Sudafed 30 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.2",
"description": "Sudafed non-drying sinus caplet",
"unit": "caplet"
},
{
"cost": "0.2",
"description": "Sudafed pe sinus & allergy tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.2",
"description": "Sudafed pe sinus headache caplet",
"unit": "caplet"
},
{
"cost": "0.22",
"description": "Sudafed pe nighttime cold caplet",
"unit": "caplet"
},
{
"cost": "0.23",
"description": "Sudafed triple action caplet",
"unit": "caplet"
},
{
"cost": "0.24",
"description": "Chlor-trimeton 8 mg repetab",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.24",
"description": "Sudafed pe day & night tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.25",
"description": "Dimetapp cold-allergy tablet chew",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.25",
"description": "Sudafed pe 10 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.27",
"description": "Guaifenesin-phenylephrine tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.28",
"description": "Sudafed pe severe cold caplet",
"unit": "caplet"
},
{
"cost": "0.31",
"description": "Chlor-trimeton allergy",
"unit": "each"
},
{
"cost": "0.33",
"description": "Afrin sinus spray",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.34",
"description": "Sudafed pe cold & cough caplet",
"unit": "caplet"
},
{
"cost": "0.38",
"description": "Afrin no drip sinus pump mist",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.4",
"description": "Drixoral cold & allergy tablet sa",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.4",
"description": "Sudafed om sinus nasal spray",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.53",
"description": "Sudafed 12 hr sinus-pain caplet",
"unit": "caplet"
},
{
"cost": "0.62",
"description": "Afrin 0.05% nose spray",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.67",
"description": "Pseudoephedrine hcl crystal",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "0.84",
"description": "Sudafed 24 hour tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "2000-03-14",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2017-09-14",
"number": "6037353"
},
{
"approved": "2000-03-21",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2018-07-31",
"number": "6039974"
},
{
"approved": "2001-04-03",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2019-06-10",
"number": "6211246"
},
{
"approved": "2002-10-22",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2019-07-13",
"number": "6469009"
},
{
"approved": "2007-06-05",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2022-06-10",
"number": "7226614"
},
{
"approved": "2002-12-03",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2016-04-08",
"number": "6489329"
},
{
"approved": "2006-03-21",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2022-06-10",
"number": "7014867"
},
{
"approved": "2000-08-08",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2020-01-07",
"number": "6100274"
},
{
"approved": "2002-04-16",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2020-04-28",
"number": "6372252"
},
{
"approved": "2005-10-18",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2020-04-28",
"number": "6955821"
},
{
"approved": "2010-11-23",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2020-04-28",
"number": "7838032"
},
{
"approved": "2009-11-17",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2021-06-19",
"number": "7618649"
},
{
"approved": "2004-03-23",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2021-02-18",
"number": "6709676"
},
{
"approved": "2012-05-29",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2020-12-19",
"number": "8187630"
},
{
"approved": "2011-01-04",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2027-02-28",
"number": "7863287"
},
{
"approved": "2005-12-27",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2022-03-28",
"number": "6979463"
},
{
"approved": "2010-10-26",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2022-09-28",
"number": "7820199"
},
{
"approved": "2003-09-02",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2020-12-25",
"number": "6613357"
},
{
"approved": "2006-04-18",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2018-05-29",
"number": "RE39069"
},
{
"approved": "2000-09-05",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2015-08-28",
"number": "6113942"
},
{
"approved": "1999-01-05",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2015-08-28",
"number": "5855912"
},
{
"approved": "2019-03-26",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2024-05-25",
"number": "10238640"
}
] |
(+) threo-2-(methylamino)-1-phenyl-1-propanol | (+)-(1S,2S)-Pseudoephedrine | (+)-Pseudoephedrine | (+)-psi-Ephedrine | (+)-threo-Ephedrine | d-Isoephedrine | d-Pseudoephedrine | d-psi-2-Methylamino-1-phenyl-1-propanol | d-psi-Ephedrine | Isoephedrine | L-(+)-Pseudoephedrine | L(+)-psi-Ephedrine | Pseudoefedrina | Pseudoephedrine | pseudoéphédrine | Pseudoephedrine D-form | Pseudoephedrinum | Psi-ephedrin | Psi-ephedrine | trans-Ephedrine | ψ-ephedrine | NAT1 | NET | NET1 | Norepinephrine transporter | SLC6A5 | Solute carrier family 6 member 2 | Dopamine D2 receptor | DA transporter | DAT | DAT1 | Solute carrier family 6 member 3 | ADRA1C | Alpha-1A adrenoceptor | Alpha-1A adrenoreceptor | Alpha-1C adrenergic receptor | Alpha-adrenergic receptor 1c | ADRA2R | ADRAR | Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor subtype C10 | Alpha-2A adrenoceptor | Alpha-2A adrenoreceptor | Alpha-2AAR | 5HT transporter | 5HTT | HTT | SERT | Solute carrier family 6 member 4 | ADRB2R | B2AR | Beta-2 adrenoceptor | Beta-2 adrenoreceptor | ADRB1R | B1AR | Beta-1 adrenoceptor | Beta-1 adrenoreceptor | NF-ATc | NF-ATc1 | NFAT transcription complex cytosolic component | NFAT2 | NFATC | NFATc1 | Cachectin | TNF-a | TNF-alpha | TNFA | TNFSF2 | Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2 | DNA-binding factor KBF1 | EBP-1 | Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 | Activating transcription factor 1 | cAMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-1 | Protein TREB36 | Activating transcription factor 2 | cAMP response element-binding protein CRE-BP1 | cAMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 | cAMP-responsive element-binding protein 2 | CREB-2 | CREB2 | CREBP1 | Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 2 | HB16 | Activating transcription factor 3 | cAMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-3 | Activating transcription factor 4 | cAMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 | cAMP-responsive element-binding protein 2 | CREB-2 | CREB2 | Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 2 | Tax-responsive enhancer element-binding protein 67 | TaxREB67 | TXREB | Activating transcription factor 5 | ATFX | cAMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-5 | Transcription factor ATFx | Activating transcription factor 6 alpha | ATF6-alpha | cAMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha | Activating transcription factor 7 | ATFA | cAMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-7 | Transcription factor ATF-A | Cellular oncogene fos | Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit | G0/G1 switch regulatory protein 7 | G0S7 | Proto-oncogene c-Fos | Transcription factor AP-1 subunit c-Fos | Activator protein 1 | AP1 | p39 | Proto-oncogene c-Jun | Transcription factor AP-1 subunit Jun | V-jun avian sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog | IL-2 | T-cell growth factor | TCGF | 1.4.3.21 | 1.4.3.4 | MAO-A | Monoamine oxidase type A | NAT1 | NET | NET1 | Norepinephrine transporter | SLC6A5 | Solute carrier family 6 member 2 | DA transporter | DAT | DAT1 | Solute carrier family 6 member 3 | 5HT transporter | 5HTT | HTT | SERT | Solute carrier family 6 member 4
|
[
"12 Hour Allergy and Congestion",
"12 Hour Allergy D",
"12 Hour Allergy D",
"12 Hour Decongestant",
"12 Hour Decongestant",
"12 Hour Decongestant",
"12 Hour Nasal Decongestant",
"12 Hour Nasal Decongestant",
"12 Hour Nasal Decongestant Non Drowsy",
"12HR Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"12hr Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"A.M. Cold Relief Formula",
"Abanatuss Ped",
"Abanatuss Ped Drops",
"Abatuss Dmx",
"Acetaminophen/dextromethorphan/pseudoephedrine",
"Acetaminophen/pseudoephedrine/dextromethorphan/doxylamine",
"Acticon",
"Acticon",
"Acticon",
"Actifed DM Syrup",
"Actifed DM Syrup",
"Actifed DM Tablets",
"Actifed DM Tablets",
"Actifed Plus Caplet",
"Actifed Plus Caplets",
"Actifed Syrup",
"Actifed Tablets",
"Actifed Tablets",
"Actinel",
"Actinel Pediatric",
"Advil Allergy Sinus",
"Advil Cold & Sinus Convenience Pack",
"Advil Cold & Sinus Convenience Pack",
"Advil Cold & Sinus Extra Strength Liqui-gels",
"Advil Cold & Sinus Liqui-gels",
"Advil Cold & Sinus Plus",
"Advil Cold and Sinus",
"Advil Cold and Sinus",
"Advil Cold and Sinus",
"Advil Cold and Sinus Daytime",
"Advil Cold and Sinus Nighttime",
"Advil Cold, Sinus & Flu Extra Strength",
"Aerinaze",
"Aerinaze",
"Aerinaze",
"Aerinaze",
"Aerinaze",
"Aerinaze",
"Aerius Dual Action 24 Hour",
"Aerius Sinus + Allergy",
"Alavert Allergy and Congestion D-12 hour",
"Alavert Allergy Sinus D-12",
"Alavert Allergy Sinus D-12",
"Aldex GS",
"Aldex GS DM",
"Aleve-D Sinus and Cold",
"Aleve-D Sinus and Headache",
"Alka-Seltzer Plus-D Multi-Symptom Sinus and Cold",
"All Day Allergy D",
"All day Allergy d",
"All Day Allergy D",
"All Day Allergy D",
"all day Allergy Relief D",
"All Day Allergy-D",
"all day allergy-D",
"All Day Sinus and Cold D",
"All Day Sinus and Cold D",
"Allegra D 12 Hour Allergy and Congestion",
"Allegra D-12 Hour",
"Allegra D-12 Hour",
"Allegra D-12 Hour",
"Allegra D-12 Hour",
"Allegra--D 24 Hour",
"Allegra--D 24 Hour",
"Allegra-D",
"Allegra-D",
"Allegra-D 24 Hour",
"Allegra-D Allergy and Congestion",
"Allegra-D Allergy and Congestion",
"Allegra-D Allergy and Congestion",
"Allegra-D Allergy and Congestion",
"ALLERCLEAR-D 24 Hour",
"Allergy + Sinus Relief Extra Strength Tablets",
"Allergy + Sinus Relief Regular Caplets",
"Allergy and Congestion",
"Allergy and Congestion",
"Allergy and congestion relief",
"Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Allergy and Congestion Relief D",
"Allergy and Congestion Relief D Original Prescription Strength",
"Allergy and Congestion Relief Non Drowsy",
"Allergy and Congestion Relief Non Drowsy",
"Allergy Congestion Relief",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Allergy Relief D 12",
"Allergy Relief d 12",
"Allergy Relief D 12",
"Allergy Relief D 12 Hour",
"Allergy Relief D 24 Hour",
"allergy relief D12",
"Allergy relief-D",
"Allergy relief-D",
"Allergy relief-D",
"Allergy relief-D",
"Allergy Relief-D",
"Allergy Relief-D",
"allergy relief-D",
"Allergy relief-D",
"Allergy relief-D",
"Allergy Relief-D 24 Hour",
"Allergy Relief-D 24 Hour",
"Allergy Relief-D 24 Hour 24 Hour",
"Allergy Relief-D24 Hour 24 Hour",
"Allergy Sinus Headache Caplets",
"Allergy Sinus Medication - Caplet",
"Allergy Sinus Nighttime Relief",
"Allergy, Sinus and Headache Relief Medication",
"AlleRx Dose Pack",
"AlleRx-D",
"Allpanto S",
"Aprodine",
"Aprodine",
"Aprodine",
"Aprodine",
"Aprodine",
"Aprodine",
"Aquanaz PSE",
"Atuss Da",
"Atuss Da",
"Atuss Da",
"Atuss DS Tannate Suspension",
"Atuss HS Tannate",
"Balminil Codeine + Decongestant + Expectorant",
"Balminil Cough and Flu",
"Balminil Decongestionnant Sirop 30mg/5ml",
"Balminil DM + Decongestant",
"Balminil DM + Decongestant + Expectorant",
"Balminil DM + Decongestant + Expectorant Extra Strength",
"Balminil DM-D-E - Liq",
"Benadryl Allergy & Cold Caplets",
"Benadryl Allergy Sinus Caplets",
"Benadryl Allergy, Sinus & Pain Total",
"Benadryl Decongestant Tablets",
"Benadryl Total",
"Benylin 2 Cold and Flu With Codeine",
"Benylin 4 Flu - Syrup",
"Benylin A-D Extra Strength Caplets",
"Benylin A-D Regular Strength Caplets",
"Benylin A-D-AH Extra Strength Caplets",
"Benylin A-D-AH Regular Strength Caplets",
"Benylin All-IN-one Cold, Flu & Cough Liquid Gels",
"Benylin Codeine 3.3mg De Syr",
"Benylin Cough and Cold",
"Benylin Cough Plus Cold Relief",
"Benylin D for Infants",
"Benylin D-AH for Children",
"Benylin DM-D",
"Benylin DM-D Chewables for Children",
"Benylin DM-D for Infants",
"Benylin DM-D-AH Chewables for Children",
"Benylin DM-D-AH for Children",
"Benylin DM-D-E-A Cold and Sinus Liquid Gels",
"Benylin Extra Strength All-IN-one Cold, Flu & Cough",
"Benylin Extra Strength All-IN-one Cold, Flu & Cough Night",
"Benylin Extra Strength All-IN-one Cough, Cold & Flu",
"Benylin Extra Strength All-IN-one Cough, Cold & Flu Night",
"Benylin Extra Strength All-IN-one Cough, Cold & Flu With Warming Sensation",
"Benylin Extra Strength Cough & Chest Congestion With Warming Sensation",
"Benylin Extra Strength Cough Complete",
"Benylin Extra Strength Mucus & Phlegm Plus Cold Relief",
"Benylin Extra Strength Mucus & Phlegm Plus Cold Relief",
"Benylin Extra Strength Mucus & Phlegm Plus Cold Relief Night",
"Benylin for Children All-IN-one Cold & Fever",
"Benylin for Children All-IN-one Cold and Fever",
"Benylin for Children Cough & Cold",
"Benylin for Children Cough Stuffy and Runny Nose",
"biclora-D",
"biclora-D",
"BIO Dtuss DMX",
"Bio-cnex",
"Bionel",
"Bionel Pediatric",
"BP8 Cough",
"Brom/PSE/DM Cough",
"Bromdex D",
"Bromfed DM",
"Bromfed DM",
"Bromfed DM",
"Bromfed DM",
"BromfedDM DM",
"Bromphenex DM",
"Brompheniramine Maleate Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and DextromethorphanHydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine maleate, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride,",
"Brompheniramine maleate, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride,",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Pseudoephedrine DM",
"Brompheniramine, Pseudoephedrine, Dextromethorphan",
"Bronchodex Pediatrique",
"Brotapp",
"Brotapp DM Cold and Cough",
"BroveX PSB",
"BroveX PSB DM",
"Buckley's Cold & Sinus 24 Hour Pack",
"Buckley's Cold & Sinus 24 Hour Pack",
"Buckley's Cold & Sinus Day",
"Buckley's Cold & Sinus Night",
"Buckley's Complete + Mucus Relief",
"Buckley's Complete 24 Hour Pack",
"Buckley's Complete 24 Hour Pack",
"Buckley's Complete Daytime Softgels",
"Buckley's Complete Extra Strength Cough, Cold & Flu Day",
"Buckley's Complete Extra Strength Cough, Cold and Flu Night",
"Buckley's Complete Nighttime Softgels",
"Buckley's DM Decongestant",
"Buckley's Nighttime Cold and Sinus",
"Buckley's Sinus Pain Relief Extra Strength Tablets",
"Buckleys Cold & Sinus",
"Calmylin #2 Syr",
"Calmylin #3 Syr",
"Calmylin Codeine D-E Syr",
"Calmylin Cough and Flu Liq",
"Calmylin Pediatric Syrup",
"Calmylin Pse With Codeine",
"Capmist DM",
"Capmist DM",
"Carbinoxamine/Pseudoephedrine/DM",
"Carbofed DM",
"Care One Ibuprofen Cold and Sinus",
"Care One Suphedrine Nasal Decongestant Non Drowsy",
"CareOne All Day Allergy D",
"Careone Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"CareOne Allergy and congestion relief",
"CareOne Allergy Relief D",
"CareOne Nasal and Sinus Decongestant",
"CareOne Nasal and Sinus Decongestant",
"Careone Suphedrine 12 Hour Relief Non Drowsy",
"Centracol Pediatrique - Syr",
"Certuss-D",
"Cetiri D",
"Cetirizine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCl ER",
"Cetirizine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCl ER",
"Cetirizine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCl ER",
"Cetirizine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Cetirizine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Cetirizine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Cetirizine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Cetirizine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Cetirizine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Cetirizine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Cetirizine hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride",
"Cetirizine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Cetirizine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Cheratussin DAC",
"Children Cough and Cold",
"Children's Advil Cold",
"Children's Advil Cold & Flu Multi-symptom",
"Children's Allergy and Sinus Medication Liquid Suspension",
"Children's Benadryl-D Allergy & Sinus",
"Children's Cough & Cold Relief",
"Children's Cough & Cold Relief",
"Children's Motrin Cold",
"Children's Nicold Medicine",
"Children's Nyquil Liquid",
"Children's Sinus Medication Liquid Suspension",
"Children's Tussin Cough Medicine DM Antitussive Decongestant",
"Children's Tylenol Allergy - D Chewable Tablets",
"Children's Tylenol Allergy-D Suspension",
"Children's Tylenol Cold",
"Children's Tylenol Cold & Stuffy Nose",
"Children's Tylenol Cold and Cough",
"Children's Tylenol Cold and Cough",
"Children's Tylenol Cold Chewable Tablets",
"Children's Tylenol Cold Liquid",
"Children's Tylenol Cold Liquid With DM",
"Children's Tylenol Complete Cold, Cough & Fever",
"Children's Tylenol Decongestant - Tab",
"Children's Tylenol Sinus Chewable Tablet",
"Children's Tylenol Sinus Suspension",
"Childrens Advil Cold",
"Childrens Motrin Cold",
"Childrens Silfedrine",
"Childrens Sudafed Nasal Decongestant",
"Childrens Uniphed Nasal Decongestant",
"Chlo Tuss",
"Chlophedianol Hydrochloride, Dexchlorpheniramine Maleate, and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Chlor-tripolon Decon Ext Str Repetabs 12",
"Chlor-tripolon Nd Srt",
"Chlorphen Mal Dex HBr Pseudoeph HCl",
"Chlorphen Mal Pseudoeph HCl",
"Clarinex-D 12 Hour",
"Clarinex-D 12 Hour",
"Clarinex-D 12 Hour",
"Clarinex-D 24 Hour",
"Clarinex-D 24 Hour",
"Claritin Allergy + Sinus",
"Claritin Allergy + Sinus Extra Strength",
"Claritin-D 12 Hour",
"Claritin-D 12 Hour",
"Claritin-D 12 Hour",
"Claritin-D 24 Hour",
"Claritin-D 24 Hour",
"Claritin-D 24 Hour",
"Claritin-D 24 Hour",
"Claritin-D 24 Hour",
"Clofera",
"Coactifed",
"Coactifed",
"Coactifed",
"Codar D",
"Codeine Phosphate and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Coditussin DAC",
"Colcol Co Tab.",
"Colcol-S",
"Cold & Cough",
"Cold & Cough Extra Strength",
"Cold & Flu",
"Cold & Flu",
"Cold & Flu",
"Cold & Flu Daytime",
"Cold & Flu Nighttime",
"Cold & Flu-IN-one",
"Cold & Flu-IN-one",
"Cold & Sinus Liquid Capsules",
"Cold & Sinus Liquid Capsules",
"Cold & Sinus Liquid Fastgels",
"Cold & Sinus Relief Capsules",
"Cold + Sinus",
"Cold + Sinus Caplets",
"Cold + Sinus Daytime",
"Cold + Sinus Daytime Cold + Sinus Nighttime",
"Cold + Sinus Daytime Cold + Sinus Nighttime",
"Cold + Sinus Nighttime",
"Cold + Sinus Plus",
"Cold and Allergy D",
"Cold and Allergy D",
"Cold and Cough Relief Extra Strength",
"Cold and Flu Capsules",
"Cold and Flu Extra Strength Day",
"Cold and Flu Medicine - Day Time Formula",
"Cold and Flu Medicine - Night Time Formula",
"Cold and Flu Nighttime D",
"Cold and Flu Nighttime Relief Syrup Extra Strength",
"Cold and Flu-IN-one Extra Strength",
"Cold and Flu-IN-one Regular Strength",
"Cold and Nasal Congestion Relief Nighttime Extra Strength",
"Cold and Nasal Congestion Relief Super Strength",
"Cold and Sinus Complete Liquid Gels",
"Cold and Sinus Daytime Relief",
"Cold and Sinus Nighttime Relief",
"Cold and Sinus Pain Relief",
"Cold and Sinus Plus",
"Cold and Sinus Relief",
"Cold and Sinus Relief",
"Cold and Sinus Relief Combo",
"Cold and Sinus Relief Combo",
"Cold Flu Relief",
"Cold Medication",
"Cold Medication",
"Cold Medication Extra Strength Daytime",
"Cold Medication Extra Strength Night Time",
"Cold Medication Reg Strength D Tab",
"Cold Medication Reg Strength N Tab",
"Cold Medication Regular Nighttime Tablets",
"Cold Relief Daytime Tablet",
"Cold Relief Duo Pack",
"Cold Relief Duo Pack",
"Cold Relief Nightime Tablet",
"Cold,sore Throat Pain & Cough Ultra Strength",
"Cold/flu Relief",
"Coldcough",
"Coldec DS",
"Coldifed Syrup",
"Complete",
"Complete",
"Complete Daytime",
"Complete Daytime Liquid Capsules",
"Complete Liquid Capsules",
"Complete Liquid Capsules",
"Complete Liquid Capsules Nighttime Relief",
"Complete One Cold and Flu Extra Strength",
"Complete One Cold and Flu Extra Strength Tablets",
"Complete One Cold and Flu Nightime Extra Strength Liquid",
"Complete One Cold and Flu Nightime Extra Strength Tablets",
"Conex",
"Conex",
"Congest Aid Tab 30mg",
"Congest-eze Tab 60mg",
"Congestac",
"Contac Cold and Fever Caplets",
"Contac Cold and Sore Throat Caplets",
"Contac Cold Nasal Congestion-nighttime",
"Contac Cold Nasal Congestion-non Drowsy Regular Strength",
"Contac Cold Nondrowsy Capsules",
"Contac Complete Cough, Cold & Flu Syrup",
"Contac Cough & Cold Syrup",
"Contac Day & Night Sinus/allergy Caplet",
"Contac Day & Night Sinus/allergy Caplet",
"Contac Extend-C Sustained Release Capsules",
"Contac Night Caplets",
"Contac-C Ext.stren.night Time Cough,cold&flu",
"Contac-C Nondrowsy (sustained Release Cap)",
"Copanto",
"Coricidin 'd' Nasal and Sinus Congestion",
"Coricidin D Flu, Nasal and Sinus",
"Coricidin D Nasal and Sinus Congestion Tablets",
"Corzall",
"Corzall Plus",
"Cotrifed",
"Cough & Cold",
"Cough & Cold Relief",
"Cough & Cold Relief Extra Strength",
"Cough & Cold Relief Extra Strength",
"Cough & Cold Relief Regular Strength",
"Cough & Cold Soft Gel Caps",
"Cough and Flu Syrup",
"Cough Plus Cold Relief Syrup",
"Cough Syr W.cod. Pseudoephed.hcl Guaifenesin",
"Cough Syrup DM - Decongestant - Expectorant",
"Cough Syrup DM - Decongestant - Expectorant Extra Strength",
"Cough Syrup DM - Decongestant for Children",
"Cough Syrup DM Decongestant",
"Cough Syrup DM Decongestant",
"Cough Syrup DM Decongestant Expectorant",
"Cough Syrup DM Decongestant Expectorant",
"Cough Syrup DM Decongestant Expectorant",
"Cough Syrup DM Decongestant Expectorant",
"Cough Syrup DM Decongestant for Children",
"Cough Syrup DM Decongestant for Children",
"Cough Syrup DM-D-E",
"Cough Syrup DM-D-E With Acetaminophen",
"Cough Syrup DM-D-E With Acetaminophen Extra Strength",
"Cough Syrup With Codeine",
"Cough Syrup With Codeine",
"Cough Syrup With Codeine",
"Cough, Cold & Flu",
"Cough, Cold & Flu",
"Cough, Cold & Flu Super Strength",
"Cough, Cold and Flu Daytime Caplets",
"Cough, Cold and Flu Nightime Caplets",
"Cough, Cold and Flu Relief Complete Night Super Strength",
"Cough, Cold and Flu Relief Day Super Strength",
"Covan Syrup",
"Cpm-pse DM",
"Cpm/pse",
"CVS Health Non-Drowsy Nasal Decongestant",
"CVS Health Non-Drowsy Nasal Decongestant",
"CVS Health Non-Drowsy Nasal Decongestant",
"Dallergy PSE",
"Day & Night Combo Pack",
"Day Relief Cold and Flu Liquid Capsules",
"Day Time Liquid Caps",
"Day Time Multi Symptom Relief",
"Day Time Relief",
"Day Time Relief Extra Strength",
"Daycap Cold & Sinus Liquid Gels",
"Daycap Cold & Sinus Liquid Gels",
"Dayquil D",
"Dayquil Liquicaps",
"Dayquil Liquicaps - Cap",
"Dayquil Medicine - Liq",
"Daytime 325 Liqua Caps",
"Daytime Cold & Flu Liquid Capsules",
"Daytime Cold & Flu Liquid Capsules",
"Daytime Cold & Flu Liquid Capsules",
"Daytime Cold & Sinus",
"Daytime Cold and Flu Liquid Capsules",
"Daytime Cold and Flu Relief",
"Daytime Cold Medication Liquid Fastgels",
"Daytime Cold Relief Caplets",
"Daytime Cold Relief Extra Strength Tablets",
"Daytime Cold/flu Relief",
"Daytime Cough. Cold. Flu Gel Capsules",
"Daytime Flu Relief Extra Strength",
"Daytime Liqua Caps",
"Daytime Liquid - Liq",
"Daytime Relief Complete",
"Daytime Relief Complete Liquid Gels",
"Daytime Sinus Relief Extra Strength Tablets",
"Decongestant Tablets",
"DELTUSS DMX Cough Suppressant Nasal Decongestant Antihistamine GRAPE Flavor",
"DELTUSS DP Nasal Decongestant Antihistamine CHERRY Flavor",
"Demdec Syr",
"DESGEN DM Tabs",
"Despec DM Tabs",
"Despec-DM Tabs",
"Despec-Tab",
"Despec-Tab",
"Dexbrompherniramine Maleate and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate 6mg/120mg",
"Dicel",
"Dicel CD",
"Dicel DM",
"DiHydro CP",
"Dimetane DX",
"Dimetapp",
"Dimetapp Children's Cough and Cold Liquid",
"Dimetapp Cold and Sinus Caplets",
"Dimetapp Cough & Congestion Liquid",
"Dimetapp Daytime Cold Caplets",
"Dimetapp Daytime Cold Extra Strength Caplets",
"Dimetapp Paediatric",
"DM Plus Decongestant Cough Syrup",
"DM Plus Decongestant Plus Expector.ex.st.syr",
"DM Plus Decongestant Plus Expectorant Cough Syrup",
"DM-D-expectorant Cough and Cold Syrup",
"DM-decongestant Children's Syrup",
"DM-decongestant Syrup",
"DM-decongestant-expectorant (extra Strength) Syrup",
"DM-decongestant-expectorant Syrup",
"Dristan Nd Caplets",
"Dristan Non-drowsy Extra Strength Caplet",
"Dristan Sinus Caplets",
"Drixoral Cold & Sinus",
"Drixoral Day/night - Srt/tabs",
"Drixoral Day/night - Srt/tabs",
"Drixoral Syrup",
"Drixtab Tab",
"Dry Cough & Cold Syrup",
"DryMax",
"DryMax AF",
"Duraflu",
"Duraflu",
"Ed-A-hist Pse",
"Eltor 120 Srt 120mg",
"EndaCof DC",
"EndaCof PD",
"Entex LA",
"Entex PAC",
"Entex T",
"Entre-Cough",
"Entre-S",
"Ephed 60",
"Ephed Plus Sinus",
"Equaline 12 Hour Decongestant",
"Equaline All Day Allergy D",
"Equaline Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Equaline Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Equaline Ibuprofen Cold and Sinus",
"Equaline Nasal Decongestant Non Drowsy Maximum Strength",
"Equate Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Equate Allergy Relief D",
"Equate Allergy Relief D Nasal Decongestant",
"Equate Daytime Liquid Capsules",
"Equate Ibuprofen Cold and Sinus",
"Equate Mucus D",
"Equate Mucus D",
"Equate Nighttime Liquid Capsules",
"Equate Sinus 12 Hour",
"Equate Sinus and Cold D",
"Equate Suphedrine",
"Exall D",
"ExeFen DMX",
"ExeFen IR",
"ExeFen IR",
"Expectorant DM Cough Extra Strength With Decongestant",
"Extra Strength Allergy and Sinus Relief",
"Extra Strength Allergy Plus Sinus Relief",
"Extra Strength Allergy Sinus Medication",
"Extra Strength Allergy Sinus Medication",
"Extra Strength Allergy Total",
"Extra Strength Cold Medication Daytime Relief",
"Extra Strength Cold Medication Daytime Rlf",
"Extra Strength Cold Medication Nighttime Relief",
"Extra Strength Cold Medication Nighttime Rlf",
"Extra Strength Cough Plus Cold Relief Syrup",
"Extra Strength Day and Night Cold Medication",
"Extra Strength Day and Night Cold Medication",
"Extra Strength Daytime Cold Relief",
"Extra Strength Daytime Cold Relief-caplet",
"Extra Strength Flu Relief Daytime",
"Extra Strength Flu Relief Nightime",
"Extra Strength Head Cold and Sinus",
"Extra Strength Neocitran Flu Night",
"Extra Strength Neocitran Total Night",
"Extra Strength Nighttime Cold Relief",
"Extra Strength Nighttime Cold Relief-caplet",
"Extra Strength Sinus Medication-caplet",
"Extra Strength Sinus Relief",
"Extra Strength Sinus Relief Daytime",
"Extra Strength Sinus Relief Nighttime",
"Extra Strength Sinus Relief-caplet",
"Extra Strength Sinutab Sinus & Allergy",
"Extra Strength Sinutab Sinus Daytime",
"Extra Strength Sinutab Sinus Nighttime",
"Extra Strength Sudafed Head Cold & Sinus",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Allergy Sinus Caplets",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Allergy Sinus Nighttime Caplet",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Cold & Sinus Daytime",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Cold & Sinus Nighttime",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Cold and Flu Powder",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Cold Daytime",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Cold Nighttime Caplet",
"Extra Strength TYLENOL Cold Plus Flu Multi-Action Day",
"Extra Strength TYLENOL Cold plus Flu Multi-Action Day/Night",
"Extra Strength TYLENOL Cold plus Flu Multi-Action Day/Night",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Complete Cold, Cough & Flu",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Complete Cold, Cough & Flu Daytime",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Complete Cold, Cough & Flu Nighttime",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Complete Cold, Cough & Flu Plus Mucus Relief",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Complete Cold, Cough & Flu Plus Mucus Relief Nighttime",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Flu Daytime",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Flu Nighttime Gelcap",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Sinus Pain and Congestion Daytime",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Sinus Pain and Congestion Nighttime",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Sinus Pressure & Pain",
"Facol Classic One",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCI",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCI",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCI",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCI",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCI",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCI",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCI",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCI",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCI",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCI",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCI",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCI",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCI",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCI",
"FEXOFENADINE HCl AND PSEUDOEPHEDRINE HCl",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCl 24 Hour",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCl 24 Hour",
"FEXOFENADINE HYDROCHLORIDE and PSEUDOEPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE",
"FEXOFENADINE HYDROCHLORIDE and PSEUDOEPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE",
"FEXOFENADINE HYDROCHLORIDE and PSEUDOEPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE",
"FEXOFENADINE HYDROCHLORIDE and PSEUDOEPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Flu Relief",
"Flu Relief",
"Flu, Cough & Cold Complete",
"Flu, Cough & Cold Complete Day and Night",
"Flu, Cough & Cold Complete Day and Night",
"Flutabs",
"Formule 115 DM",
"foster and thrive allergy D 12 hour",
"Foster and Thrive Mucus Relief D",
"Foster and Thrive Mucus Relief D",
"G-Con-X",
"G-Tuss-NL",
"G-Tuss-NL Ped",
"G-Xpect PSE",
"Glentuss",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy All Day Allergy D",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy All Day Allergy D",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Childrens Ibuprofen Cold",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Ibuprofen Cold and Sinus",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Ibuprofen Cold and Sinus",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Loratadine D",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Loratadine D",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy loratadine d 24 hour",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Mucus D",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Nasal Decongestant",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Nasal Decongestant",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Night Time D",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Night Time D",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Sinus and Cold D",
"Good Sense All Day Allergy D",
"Good Sense All Day Allergy D",
"Good Sense Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Good Sense Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Good Sense Allergy and Congestion Relief Non Drowsy 24 Hour",
"Good Sense Ibuprofen Cold and Sinus",
"Good Sense Mucus D",
"Good Sense Nasal Decongestant",
"Good Sense Suphedrine 12 Hour",
"Gripmax",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCL",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCL",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Guaifenesin and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride Extended Release",
"Guaifenesin and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride Extended Release",
"Guaifenesin and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride Extended Release",
"Guaifenesin D",
"Guaifenesin D",
"Guaifenesin D",
"Guaifenesin D",
"Guaifenesin DAC",
"Harris Teeter All Day Allergy D",
"Harris Teeter Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Harris Teeter Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Harris Teeter Mucus Relief D",
"Harris Teeter Sinus",
"Harris Teeter Sinus 12 Hour",
"Head Cold and Sinus Relief Caplets",
"Health Mart Allergy and Congestion",
"Health Mart Allergy and Congestion",
"Health Mart Allergy Complete D",
"Health Mart Allergy Complete D",
"Health Mart mucus relief d",
"Health Mart nasal decongestant",
"Health Mart Nasal Decongestant",
"Health Mart Sinus and Cold D",
"Healthy Accents 12 Hour Nasal Decongestant maximum strength",
"Healthy Accents Allergy and Congestion Relief 24 Hour Non Drowsy",
"Healthy Accents Cetirizine-D",
"healthy accents mucus relief D",
"Healthy Accents Nasal Decongestant",
"Hist-PSE",
"Histenol Cold Tablets",
"Hot Lemon Night Time Total Extra Strength",
"Hot Lemon Relief for Sore Throat and Cough Extra Strength",
"Hot Lemon Relief for Symptoms Of Cough, Cold and Flu",
"Hot Lemon Relief for Symptoms Of Cough, Cold and Flu Extra Strength",
"Hot Lemon Relief for Symptoms Of Cough, Cold and Flu Ultra Strength",
"Hot Lemon Ultra Strength Total Flu",
"Hot Lemon Ultra Strength Total Flu Night",
"Hycofenix",
"Hycofenix",
"Hydrocodone bitartrate and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride solution",
"Hydrocodone Bitartrate Chlorpheniramine Maleate and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Hydrocodone Bitartrate, Chlorpheniramine Maleate and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Hydrocodone Bitartrate, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Hydrocodone Bitartrate, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride Oral Solution",
"Ibu Profen Cold and Sinus",
"Ibu Profen Cold and Sinus",
"Ibuprofen + Pseudoephedrine Caplets",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"IBUPROFEN and PSEUDOEPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride Capsules",
"Ibuprofen Cold and Sinus",
"Ibuprofen Cold and Sinus",
"Ibuprofen Cold and Sinus",
"Ibuprofen Cold and Sinus A P J",
"Ibuprofen Cold Childrens",
"Ibuprofen Cold Relief Childrens",
"Infants Tylenol Cold Suspension Drops",
"J-cof Dhc",
"J-tan D Pd",
"Jack & Jill Cough and Cold",
"Jack & Jill Cough, Cold & Flu Junior Strength Tablets",
"Jack & Jill Multi-symptom Cold & Cough",
"Junior Strength Cold DM - Tablet",
"Junior Strength Tylenol Cold and Cough",
"Junior Strength Tylenol Complete Cold, Cough & Fever",
"Junior Strength Tylenol Decongestant - Tab",
"Kidkare cough/cold",
"Kirkland Signature Aller Tec D",
"Kirkland Signature Aller Tec D",
"Kirkland Signature Allerclear D 12 Hr",
"Kirkland Signature AllerClear D 12 hr",
"KIRKLAND SIGNATURE ALLERCLEAR D 24 HR Extended Release",
"Kirkland Signature Allerclear D 24hr",
"Koffex DM + Decongestant + Expectorant",
"Koffex DM + Decongestant + Expectorant Extra Strength",
"Koffex DM + Decongestant Syrup",
"Koffex DM-D-E - Liq",
"Leader 12 Hour Nasal Decongestant",
"Leader 12 Hour Nasal Decongestant",
"Leader All Day Sinus and Cold D",
"Leader Allergy D 12",
"Leader Allergy Relief D",
"Leader Allergy Relief D",
"Leader Allergy Relief D-24",
"Leader Allergy Relief D-24",
"Leader Allergy Relief D12",
"Leader Ibuprofen Cold and Sinus",
"Leader Ibuprofen Cold Childrens",
"Leader Mucus Relief D",
"Leader Nasal Decongestant",
"Leader Nasal Decongestant Maximum Strength",
"Leader Sinus and Cold D",
"Leader Sinus and Cold-D",
"Liberator",
"Lodrane D",
"LoHist D",
"LoHist PD",
"LoHist PSB",
"LoHist PSB DM",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"loratadine D",
"Loratadine D",
"Loratadine D",
"Loratadine D 24 Hour",
"Lortuss DM",
"Lortuss EX",
"Lortuss EX",
"Lortuss Lq",
"Lortuss Lq",
"Lortuss Lq",
"M-end DM",
"M-end Dmx",
"M-end Max D",
"M-end Wc",
"Mar-cof BP",
"Maux De Gorge Et De LA Toux Extra-fort",
"Maxenal Caplet 120mg",
"Maxenal Src 240mg",
"Maxi-Tuss TR",
"Maxifed",
"Maxifed TR",
"Maximum Strength Allergy Sinus",
"MAXIMUM STRENGTH Mucus D",
"Maximum Strength Pseudoephedrine",
"Medicament Pour Le Rhume, Jour",
"Medicament Pour Le Rhume, Nuit",
"Medicament Pour Les Sinus Reg Caplet",
"Medicament Pour Les Sinus, Extra-fort",
"Medicament Pour Les Sinus, Regulier",
"Medicament Sinus Personnel EX-fort Caplet",
"Medicament Sinus Personnel Reg Caplet",
"Medicine Shoppe Allergy Relief D24",
"Members Mark Nasal Decongestant Maximum Strength",
"Mesehist DM",
"Mesehist WC",
"Motrin Cold & Sinus Caplets",
"Motrin Cold & Sinus Pain",
"Mucinex D",
"Mucinex D",
"Mucinex D",
"Mucinex D",
"Mucinex D",
"Mucinex D",
"Mucinex D",
"Mucinex D",
"Mucinex D Maximum Strength",
"Mucus D",
"Mucus D",
"Mucus D",
"Mucus D",
"Mucus D",
"mucus D",
"Mucus D ER",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D Sinus Congestion",
"Myphetane DX",
"Naproxen Sodium and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride Cold and Sinus",
"Naproxen Sodium and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride Sinus and Cold",
"Naproxen Sodium and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride Sinus and Headache",
"Nasal Decongestant",
"Nasal Decongestant",
"Nasal Decongestant",
"Nasal Decongestant",
"Nasal Decongestant",
"Nasal Decongestant",
"Nasal Decongestant",
"Nasal Decongestant",
"Nasal Decongestant",
"Nasal Decongestant",
"Nasal Decongestant",
"Nasal Decongestant",
"Nasal Decongestant",
"Nasal Decongestant",
"Nasal Decongestant",
"Nasal Decongestant",
"Nasal Decongestant",
"Nasal Decongestant",
"Nasal Decongestant D",
"Nasal Decongestant D",
"Nasal Decongestant Maximum Strength",
"nasal decongestant Maximum Strength",
"Nasal Decongestant Maximum Strength",
"nasal decongestant Maximum Strength",
"Nasal Decongestant Maximum Strength",
"Nasal Decongestant Maximum Strength",
"Nasal Decongestant Maximum Strength",
"Nasal Decongestant Maximum Strength",
"Nasal Decongestant Maximum Strength Non Drowsy",
"Nasal Decongestant Maximum Strength Non Drowsy",
"Nasal Decongestant Maximum Strength Non Drowsy",
"Nasal Decongestant Maximum Strength, Non-Drowsy",
"Nasal Decongestant Non Drowsy",
"Nasal Decongestant Non-Drowsy",
"Nasal Decongestant Non-drowsy",
"Nasopen",
"Neo AC",
"Neo Citran Daycaps Extra Strength - Caplet",
"Neo DM",
"Neocitran Cold & Flu Syrup",
"Neocitran Cough & Cold Syrup",
"Neocitran Ultra Strength Total Flu",
"Neocitran Ultra Strength Total Flu Night",
"Neutrahist PDX Drops",
"Neutrahist PDX Drops",
"Neutrahist Pediatric",
"Neutrahist Pediatric Drops",
"Nexafed",
"Nicold Medicine for Adults",
"Night Relief Cold and Flu Liquid Capsules",
"Night Time Cold and Flu",
"Night Time Multi Symptom Relief",
"Night Time Relief",
"Night Time Total Extra Strength",
"Nightcap Complete Liquid Gels",
"Nightcap Complete Liquid Gels",
"Nighttime 325 Liqua Caps",
"Nighttime Cold & Flu Liquid Capsules",
"Nighttime Cold & Flu Liquid Capsules",
"Nighttime Cold & Flu Relief Syrup",
"Nighttime Cold & Sinus",
"Nighttime Cold and Flu Extra Strength Medicine",
"Nighttime Cold and Flu Liquid Capsules",
"Nighttime Cold and Flu Liquid Capsules",
"Nighttime cold and flu relief",
"Nighttime cold and flu relief",
"Nighttime Cold and Flu-IN-one Extra Strength",
"Nighttime Cold Relief Extra Strength Tablets",
"Nighttime Cough. Cold. Flu Gel Capsules",
"Nighttime D Cold and Flu",
"Nighttime D Cold and Flu Relief",
"Nighttime D Cold and Flu Relief",
"Nighttime Flu, Cough & Cold Complete Relief Extra Strength",
"Nighttime Liqua Caps",
"Nighttime Relief Complete",
"Nighttime Super Strength Contac Complete",
"Nighttime Total Cold and Flu",
"Nighttime Total Super Strength",
"Ninjacof-D",
"Nite Time (children's)",
"NiteTime",
"Nitetime Cold Medicine",
"Nitetime Cold Medicine",
"Nitetime Cold Medicine Liq",
"Nitetime Cold Medicine Original and Cherry",
"Nitetime D",
"Nitetime D multi symptom cold flu relief",
"Non Drowsy Extra Strength Contac Cold Sore Throat",
"Non Drowsy Regular Strength Contac Cold 12 Hour",
"Non Drowsy Regular Strength Contac Cold Chest Congestion",
"Non Drowsy Regular Strength Contac Complete",
"Non Drowsy Super Strength Contac Cold Nasal Congestion",
"Non Drowsy Super Strength Contac Complete",
"Notuss-NXD",
"Novahistex DM Expectorant With Decongestant",
"Novahistex DM With Decongestant",
"Novahistex Expectorant With Decongestant",
"Novahistine DM Expectorant With Decongestant",
"Novahistine DM With Decongestant - Liq",
"Nyquil Liquicaps",
"Once-A-day Benylin Cold Cap",
"P-Tuss DM",
"P.M. Cold Relief Formula",
"Pain & Fever + Cold",
"Pain & Fever + Cold & Cough",
"Pain & Fever + Decongestant",
"Panatuss PED",
"Panatuss PED",
"Pancof HC",
"PECGEN PSE Cough Suppressant Expectorant Nasal Decongestant GRAPE Flavor",
"Pedia Relief",
"Pedia Relief",
"Pedia Relief",
"Pediatex TD",
"Pediatex TDM",
"Pediatric Cough and Cold Medicine",
"Pediatric Cough and Cold Medicine",
"Pediatric Cough Syrup",
"Perrigo Allergy D",
"Personnelle Contre Le Rhume Liq",
"Personnelle DM Syr",
"Phenylhistine DH",
"Picnic Nasal Decongestant",
"Picnic Nasal Decongestant and Antihistamine",
"Plus Sinus",
"Poly Hist NC",
"Poly-tussin D",
"Poly-Vent DM",
"Poly-Vent IR",
"Preferred Plus Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Preferred Plus Sinus",
"Preferred Plus Sinus and Cold D",
"Prime's Sore Throat, Cough and Colds Capsules",
"Promatussin DM Adult Formula Syr",
"Promatussin DM Children Formula",
"Pseudo Ephed Plus",
"Pseudo-time",
"Pseudodine C",
"Pseudoephedrine",
"Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Pseudoephedrine HCl and Guaifenesin",
"Pseudoephedrine HCl Unit Dose",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride Srt 120mg Tab",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, Guaifenesin",
"Pseudoephedrine Non drowsy formula",
"Pseudoephedrine Non-drowsy formula",
"Pseudoephedrine Plus",
"Pulmosirum 5 Tab 60mg",
"Q Tapp Cold and Allergy",
"Q Tapp Cold and Cough",
"Q Tapp Cold and Cough",
"Q-Tapp",
"Q-Tapp",
"Q-Tapp DM",
"Q-Tapp DM Elixir",
"Reactine Complete",
"Reg.str.cold Medic.(night Time Relief)caplet",
"Regular Strength Cold Medication(daytime R.)",
"Regular Strength Flu Relief Nightime",
"Regular Strength Sinus Medication",
"Regular Strength Sinus Medication",
"Regular Strength Sinus Medication-caplet",
"Regular Strength Tylenol Cold and Flu Powder",
"Regular Strength Tylenol Cold Chest Congestion",
"Regular Strength Tylenol Cold Daytime",
"Regular Strength Tylenol Cold Nighttime Caplet",
"Regular Strength Tylenol Cough Suspension With Decongestant",
"Regular Strength Tylenol Sinus Caplets",
"Relievol Allergy Sinus Caplets Extra Strength",
"Relievol Sinus Caplets Extra Strength, Non Drowsy Formula",
"Rescon",
"Rescon DM",
"Rescon JR",
"Respaire-30",
"Rezira",
"Robidrine Tab 60mg",
"Robitussin CF",
"Robitussin Children's Cough and Cold",
"Robitussin Cough and Cold",
"Robitussin Cough and Cold D",
"Robitussin Cough and Cold D",
"Robitussin Cough and Cold Liqui-gels",
"Robitussin Cough, Cold & Flu Liqui-gels",
"Robitussin Extra Strength Cough & Cold",
"Robitussin Honey Cough and Cold",
"Robitussin Honey Flu",
"Robitussin Total Cough, Cold & Flu",
"Robitussin Total Cough, Cold & Flu Nighttime Extra Strength",
"Rondamine DM",
"Rondec-D",
"Rugby Cetirizine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Rugby Mucus Relief D",
"Rugby Nasal Decongestant",
"Rugby Nasal Decongestant",
"Rugby Nasal Decongestant",
"Rugby Nasal Decongestant Nasal Decongestant",
"Rx Act Nasal Decongestant",
"Rydex",
"Rynex Pse",
"Semprex D",
"Semprex-D",
"Severe Sinus Congestion",
"Shoprite Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"ShopRite Allergy D 12",
"ShopRite Nasal Decongestant",
"ShopRite Nasal Decongestant",
"Signature Care Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Signature Care Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Signature Care Allergy Relief D",
"Signature Care Allergy Relief D",
"Silafed",
"Sildec",
"Sildec DM",
"Sinus",
"Sinus",
"Sinus 12 Hour",
"Sinus and Allergy Regular Strength",
"Sinus and Cold D",
"Sinus and Cold D",
"Sinus and Cold D",
"Sinus and Cold D",
"Sinus and Cold D",
"Sinus and Congestion Non-Drowsy",
"Sinus Congestion",
"Sinus Day/night Extra Strength",
"Sinus Day/night Extra Strength",
"Sinus Decongestion",
"Sinus Medication",
"Sinus Medication Day & Night",
"Sinus Medication Day & Night",
"Sinus Medication Day Regular Tablets",
"Sinus Medication Daytime Relief",
"Sinus Medication Extra Strength Daytime",
"Sinus Medication Extra Strength Night Time",
"Sinus Medication Night Tablets",
"Sinus Nighttime Extra Strength Caplets",
"Sinus Pain and Nasal Congestion Relief",
"Sinus Pressure and Congestion Relief Maximum Strength",
"Sinus Pressure and Congestion Relief Maximum Strength",
"Sinus Relief",
"Sinus Relief",
"Sinus Relief Extra Strength Tablet",
"Sinus Relief Nightime Caplets",
"Sinus Relief Regular Strength Tablet",
"Sinus Ultra Strength Tablet",
"Sinus, Pain & Nasal Congest Relief Caplet",
"Sinusales Extra Fort Nuit",
"Sinutab Daytime/nightime Extra Strength Caplets (combo Pack)",
"Sinutab Daytime/nightime Extra Strength Caplets (combo Pack)",
"Sinutab N.D.reg Strength Tab",
"Sinutab N.T. Regular Strength Caplets",
"Sinutab Regular Strength Tablets",
"Sinutab With Codeine Tablets",
"Smart Sense 12 Hour Decongestant",
"Smart Sense All Day Allergy D",
"Smart Sense Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Smart Sense Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Smart Sense Allergy and Congestion Relief D",
"Smart Sense allergy and congestion relief indoor and outdoor allergies",
"Smart Sense Allergy and Congestion Relief-D",
"Smart Sense Allergy Relief D",
"Smart Sense Nasal Decongestant",
"Smart Sense Nasal Decongestant",
"Smart Sense Sinus",
"Smart Sense Sinus 12 Hour",
"Sore Throat & Cough Ultra Strength",
"Stahist Ad",
"Stahist AD",
"Statuss Green",
"Sudafed",
"Sudafed 12 Hour",
"Sudafed 12 Hour",
"Sudafed 12 Hour",
"Sudafed 12 Hour",
"Sudafed 12 Hour",
"Sudafed 12 Hour Pressure And Pain",
"Sudafed 24 Hour",
"Sudafed Children's Sinus Liquid",
"Sudafed Cold and Cough Extra Strength Caplet",
"Sudafed Cold and Cough Extra Strength Caplets",
"Sudafed Cold and Flu Gel Caps",
"Sudafed Decongestant 12 Hour Caplets - 120mg",
"Sudafed Decongestant Children's Chewable Tablets",
"Sudafed Decongestant Extra Strength Tablet",
"Sudafed Decongestant Extra Strength Tablets",
"Sudafed Decongestant Regular Strength Syrup",
"Sudafed Decongestant Regular Strength Syrup",
"Sudafed Decongestant Regular Strength Tablet",
"Sudafed Decongestant Regular Strength Tablet",
"Sudafed DM",
"Sudafed Head Cold and Sinus Extra Strength Caplets",
"Sudafed Nasal Cold 12 Hour Caplets",
"Sudafed Nasal Cold Extra Strength Tablets",
"Sudafed Nasal Cold Regular Strength Syrup",
"Sudafed Nasal Cold Regular Strength Tabs",
"SUDAFED Nasal Decongestant MAXIMUM STRENGTH",
"Sudafed Sinus & Allergy",
"Sudafed Sinus 12 Hour Pressure plus Pain",
"Sudafed Sinus Advance",
"Sudafed Sinus and Pain 12 Hour",
"Sudafed Sinus Complete",
"SUDAFED Sinus Congestion",
"SUDAFED Sinus Congestion",
"Sudafed Sinus Congestion 12 Hour",
"Sudafed Sinus Congestion 12 Hour",
"Sudafed Sinus Congestion 12 Hour",
"Sudafed Sinus Congestion 24 Hour",
"Sudafed Sinus Daytime",
"Sudafed Sinus Extra Strength",
"Sudafed Sinus Nighttime",
"Sudafed Syr 30mg/5ml",
"Sudafed Tab 60mg",
"Sudal 12 Tannate Chewable",
"Sudatex - DM",
"Sudatex - DM",
"SudaTex G IR",
"Sudodrin Tab 60mg",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest",
"SudoGest 12 Hour",
"SudoGest Nasal Decongestant",
"SudoGest Nasal Decongestant",
"Sunmark All Day Allergy D",
"Sunmark All Day Allergy D",
"Sunmark All Day Allergy D",
"Sunmark ibuprofen cold and sinus",
"Sunmark Loratadine D",
"Sunmark Loratadine D",
"Sunmark mucus relief d",
"Sunmark Nasal Decongestant",
"Sunmark Nite Time D Cold and Flu",
"Sunmark Sinus 12 hour",
"Sunmark Sinus and Cold D",
"Suphedrine",
"Suphedrine",
"Suphedrine Maximum Strength",
"Syrup DM-D",
"Syrup DM-D-E",
"Tekral",
"Tekral",
"Teva-cotridin",
"Teva-cotridin Expectorant",
"Theraflu Flu Cold and Cough Medicine",
"Theraflu Max-D",
"Topcare 12 Hour Decongestant",
"Topcare All Day Allergy D",
"Topcare All Day Allergy D",
"Topcare Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Topcare Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Topcare Allergy Relief D",
"TopCare Allergy Relief D",
"topcare Ibuprofen Cold and Sinus",
"TopCare Mucus D",
"Topcare Mucus D",
"Topcare Nasal Decongestant Maximum Strength Non Drowsy",
"Topcare Nite Time D",
"Topcare Sinus and Cold D",
"Total Cold & Flu",
"Total Cold & Flu Combo",
"Total Cold & Flu Combo",
"Total Cold & Flu Extra Strength Night",
"Total Cold and Flu",
"Total Cold and Flu",
"Total Cold and Flu Extra Strength",
"Total Cough, Cold & Flu Ultra Strength",
"Total Flu",
"Total Flu Ultra Strength",
"Toux Rhume Et Grippe (extra-fort)",
"Triacin-C",
"Triacin-C",
"Triaminic Allergy Congestion",
"Triaminic Cold & Nighttime Cough",
"Triaminic Cold and Allergy",
"Triaminic Cold and Cough",
"Triaminic Cold Cough and Fever",
"Triaminic Cough",
"Triaminic Cough and Congestion",
"Triaminic Cough and Sore Throat",
"Triaminic Decongest+expect Liqui-gels Cap",
"Triaminic DM Expectorant Syr",
"Triaminic DM Plus Decongestant Syrup",
"Triaminic DM+decongestant Liqui-gels Capsules",
"Triaminic Expectorant Syr",
"Triaminic Pediatric Oral Cold Drops - 7.5mg/0.8ml",
"Triaminic Softchews Cold and Allergy",
"Triaminic Softchews Cough and Cold",
"Triaminic Softchews Throat Pain & Cough",
"Triaminicol DM Syrup",
"Tricode AR",
"Tricode GF",
"Trinalin Repetabs",
"Trip-pse",
"Tripohist D",
"Triponel",
"Triprofed Tab",
"Triprolidine HCl PSE HCl",
"TRISPEC PSE Cough Suppressant Expectorant Nasal Decongestant GRAPE Flavor",
"TRISPEC PSE Pediatric Drops Cough Suppressant Expectorant Nasal Decongestant GRAPE Flavor",
"Tusnel",
"Tusnel",
"Tusnel C",
"Tusnel DM Pediatric",
"Tusnel Pediatric",
"Tusnel Pediatric",
"Tussilyn DM",
"Tussin Cough Medicine DM Antitussive Expectorant Decongestant",
"Tussodan DM Syrup",
"Tylenol Cold & Flu Daytime",
"Tylenol Cold & Flu Nighttime",
"Tylenol Complete Cold, Cough & Flu Plus Mucus Relief",
"Tylenol Sinus Plus Mucous Relief",
"Ultra Strength Neocitran Flu Day With Mucus Relief",
"Up and Up 12 Hour Nasal Decongestant",
"Up and Up all day allergy relief d",
"Up and Up allergy and congestion relief",
"Up and Up Allergy Plus Congestion Relief D",
"Up and Up Allergy Plus Congestion Relief D",
"Up and Up Cold and Sinus",
"UP AND UP nasal decongestant",
"Up and Up Sinus 12 Hour",
"Up and Up Sinus and Cold D",
"Up and Up Suphedrine",
"Vanacof",
"Vanacof Dx",
"Vanatab Dx",
"Vaso Dose Pack",
"Vasofrinic",
"Vasofrinic Dh",
"Vasofrinic Plus Sirop",
"Vasofrinic Sirop",
"Vicks Dayquil Liquicaps",
"Vicks Dayquil Sinus Liquicaps",
"Vicks Dayquil Sinus Pr.and Pain ReL.W.ibupr.",
"Vicks Formula 44d Liq",
"Vicks Formula 44m Liq",
"Vicks Nyquil Adult Nighttime Colds Medicine",
"Vicks NyQuil D Cold And Flu Nighttime Relief",
"Vicks NyQuil D Severe Cold And Flu",
"Vicks Nyquil Liquicaps",
"Vicks Nyquil Sinus Liquicaps",
"Vicks Pediatric Formula 44d Liq",
"Vicks Pediatric Formula 44m Liq",
"Vicks Sinex D Severe Sinus and Cold",
"Viravan P",
"Viravan PDM",
"Virtussin DAC",
"Virtussin Dac",
"VisRx Dose Pack",
"Viva Cold & Flu All In One Relief Caplets",
"Wal Itin D",
"Wal itin D",
"Wal itin D 12 hour allergy and congestion",
"Wal Itin D Non Drowsy",
"Wal itin D non drowsy",
"Wal Itin D Non Drowsy 24 Hour Allergy and Congestion",
"Wal Phed",
"Wal Profen Cold and Sinus",
"Wal Zyr D",
"Wal Zyr D",
"Wal Zyr D Allergy and Congestion",
"Wal-Act",
"Wal-Finate D",
"Wal-itin D 24 Hour",
"Wal-phed",
"Wal-phed",
"Wal-Zyr D",
"Walphed D Maximum Strength Non Drowsy Sinus",
"WellTuss EXP",
"WellTuss HC",
"Whituben",
"Y-tuss",
"Z-cof 1",
"Z-cof 12 DM",
"Z-tuss E",
"Zephrex D",
"Zephrex-D",
"Zodryl DAC 25",
"Zodryl DAC 30",
"Zodryl DAC 35",
"Zodryl DAC 40",
"Zodryl DAC 50",
"Zodryl DAC 60",
"Zodryl DAC 80",
"Zodryl DEC 25",
"Zodryl DEC 30",
"Zodryl DEC 35",
"Zodryl DEC 40",
"Zodryl DEC 50",
"Zodryl DEC 60",
"Zodryl DEC 80",
"Zotex-D",
"Zutripro",
"ZYRTEC D 12 Hour",
"ZYRTEC D Allergy and Congestion",
"Zyrtec-D",
"Zyrtec-D",
"ZYRTEC-D Allergy Plus Congestion"
] |
[
"Acunaso",
"Afrinol",
"Benylin Decongestant",
"Cenafed",
"Decofed",
"Dimetapp Decongestant",
"Eltor 120",
"Genaphed",
"Maxenal",
"Myfedrine",
"Neodurasina",
"Novafed",
"Robidrine",
"Sudafed Decongestant"
] |
[
"Semprex-D",
"Pseudodine C",
"Allegra D-12 Hour",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Tripohist D",
"Chlorphen Mal Pseudoeph HCl",
"Sildec DM",
"Sildec",
"Chlorphen Mal Dex HBr Pseudoeph HCl",
"Coldec DS",
"Sudal 12 Tannate Chewable",
"Atuss DS Tannate Suspension",
"FEXOFENADINE HYDROCHLORIDE and PSEUDOEPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE",
"Carbofed DM",
"Clarinex-D 12 Hour",
"Atuss HS Tannate",
"Bromdex D",
"Mucinex D",
"FEXOFENADINE HCl AND PSEUDOEPHEDRINE HCl",
"Cetirizine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCl ER",
"Mucinex D",
"Allegra D-12 Hour",
"Allegra-D 24 Hour",
"Robitussin Cough and Cold D",
"Rydex",
"Zodryl DEC 30",
"Zodryl DEC 60",
"Zodryl DEC 40",
"Zodryl DEC 50",
"Robitussin Cough and Cold D",
"Zodryl DEC 25",
"Zodryl DEC 80",
"Triprolidine HCl PSE HCl",
"Brompheniramine Maleate Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Tricode GF",
"Tricode AR",
"P-Tuss DM",
"Corzall Plus",
"Vaso Dose Pack",
"Codeine Phosphate and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"FEXOFENADINE HYDROCHLORIDE and PSEUDOEPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE",
"FEXOFENADINE HYDROCHLORIDE and PSEUDOEPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE",
"FEXOFENADINE HYDROCHLORIDE and PSEUDOEPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE",
"Dallergy PSE",
"Coldcough",
"Flutabs",
"VisRx Dose Pack",
"Exall D",
"Codar D",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Q-Tapp DM Elixir",
"Corzall",
"Neutrahist Pediatric Drops",
"DiHydro CP",
"Viravan P",
"Viravan PDM",
"Zyrtec-D",
"WellTuss HC",
"Rondamine DM",
"Allergy and Congestion Relief Non Drowsy",
"Neutrahist PDX Drops",
"Aprodine",
"Zotex-D",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, Guaifenesin",
"WellTuss EXP",
"Allegra D 12 Hour Allergy and Congestion",
"Alavert Allergy Sinus D-12",
"Allegra--D 24 Hour",
"AlleRx Dose Pack",
"Carbinoxamine/Pseudoephedrine/DM",
"Entex PAC",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"ExeFen IR",
"LoHist PD",
"Bromphenex DM",
"Sudatex - DM",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Allegra D-12 Hour",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"EndaCof DC",
"LoHist PSB",
"LoHist PSB DM",
"Pancof HC",
"Leader Allergy Relief D-24",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"EndaCof PD",
"SudaTex G IR",
"Sudatex - DM",
"Medicine Shoppe Allergy Relief D24",
"ZYRTEC D Allergy and Congestion",
"ZYRTEC D 12 Hour",
"Dicel DM",
"Tekral",
"AlleRx-D",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Tekral",
"Tusnel Pediatric",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Childrens Motrin Cold",
"Ibuprofen Cold and Sinus A P J",
"BromfedDM DM",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Certuss-D",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Clarinex-D 24 Hour",
"Tusnel C",
"Claritin-D 12 Hour",
"Vanacof Dx",
"Nasopen",
"Vanatab Dx",
"biclora-D",
"Sudafed Sinus and Pain 12 Hour",
"Cetirizine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCl ER",
"Bionel Pediatric",
"Bionel",
"Panatuss PED",
"Panatuss PED",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Ibuprofen Cold and Sinus",
"Dicel",
"Cetirizine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Cpm-pse DM",
"Mesehist DM",
"Cpm/pse",
"Mesehist WC",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride",
"Mar-cof BP",
"Allergy Relief D",
"G-Tuss-NL Ped",
"G-Con-X",
"G-Xpect PSE",
"G-Tuss-NL",
"Rescon JR",
"Allergy and congestion relief",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCI",
"ExeFen DMX",
"biclora-D",
"Trip-pse",
"Z-cof 12 DM",
"Pediatex TD",
"Hist-PSE",
"BP8 Cough",
"Brom/PSE/DM Cough",
"Brompheniramine Pseudoephedrine DM",
"Neutrahist PDX Drops",
"Maximum Strength Allergy Sinus",
"Aldex GS DM",
"Z-cof 1",
"Aldex GS",
"Severe Sinus Congestion",
"Allergy Relief D",
"ExeFen IR",
"Mucus Relief D",
"DESGEN DM Tabs",
"Lortuss EX",
"Hycofenix",
"Pediatex TDM",
"Neutrahist Pediatric",
"Despec-Tab",
"Despec DM Tabs",
"Triacin-C",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCI",
"Glentuss",
"J-tan D Pd",
"Hydrocodone Bitartrate, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride Oral Solution",
"Q-Tapp DM",
"Advil Cold and Sinus",
"Dimetane DX",
"Clofera",
"Dicel CD",
"Cetirizine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Hydrocodone bitartrate and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride solution",
"DryMax AF",
"Harris Teeter Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Vicks NyQuil D Cold And Flu Nighttime Relief",
"Atuss Da",
"Cetirizine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Aprodine",
"Topcare Allergy Relief D",
"Q Tapp Cold and Allergy",
"TopCare Allergy Relief D",
"Mucinex D",
"Mucinex D",
"DryMax",
"Q-Tapp",
"Childrens Advil Cold",
"Phenylhistine DH",
"Q Tapp Cold and Cough",
"Coditussin DAC",
"Lodrane D",
"J-cof Dhc",
"Theraflu Max-D",
"Allegra-D Allergy and Congestion",
"Ibuprofen Cold Relief Childrens",
"Leader Ibuprofen Cold Childrens",
"Duraflu",
"Triacin-C",
"NiteTime",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Allergy and Congestion Relief Non Drowsy",
"Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Myphetane DX",
"Virtussin DAC",
"M-end Max D",
"Pseudoephedrine Plus",
"Up and Up allergy and congestion relief",
"ZYRTEC-D Allergy Plus Congestion",
"Up and Up Allergy Plus Congestion Relief D",
"Up and Up Cold and Sinus",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCI",
"Congestac",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCI",
"TRISPEC PSE Pediatric Drops Cough Suppressant Expectorant Nasal Decongestant GRAPE Flavor",
"Q Tapp Cold and Cough",
"Good Sense Ibuprofen Cold and Sinus",
"Equate Allergy Relief D",
"Equate Ibuprofen Cold and Sinus",
"Guaifenesin DAC",
"Cetiri D",
"Wal Profen Cold and Sinus",
"Preferred Plus Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"M-end Wc",
"M-end DM",
"Statuss Green",
"Z-tuss E",
"Ibuprofen Cold and Sinus",
"Allergy Relief D 24 Hour",
"Wal Itin D Non Drowsy",
"Wal Itin D",
"Wal Zyr D Allergy and Congestion",
"Nighttime D Cold and Flu Relief",
"Wal itin D",
"Neo AC",
"Neo DM",
"Kirkland Signature Allerclear D 24hr",
"Good Sense Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Sunmark Nite Time D Cold and Flu",
"Sunmark ibuprofen cold and sinus",
"Care One Ibuprofen Cold and Sinus",
"Night Time Cold and Flu",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Night Time D",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Night Time D",
"Sinus and Cold D",
"Cheratussin DAC",
"Aprodine",
"Ibu Profen Cold and Sinus",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy loratadine d 24 hour",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Ibuprofen Cold and Sinus",
"Equaline Ibuprofen Cold and Sinus",
"Rezira",
"Ibu Profen Cold and Sinus",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Childrens Ibuprofen Cold",
"Cold and Sinus Pain Relief",
"Nighttime D Cold and Flu",
"Preferred Plus Sinus and Cold D",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCI",
"Alka-Seltzer Plus-D Multi-Symptom Sinus and Cold",
"Bio-cnex",
"Leader Ibuprofen Cold and Sinus",
"Nighttime D Cold and Flu Relief",
"Cold and Sinus Relief",
"Shoprite Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Ibuprofen Cold and Sinus",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Nitetime D multi symptom cold flu relief",
"Ibuprofen Cold Childrens",
"Ibuprofen Cold and Sinus",
"topcare Ibuprofen Cold and Sinus",
"Nitetime D",
"Topcare Nite Time D",
"Bromfed DM",
"Smart Sense Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Smart Sense Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Healthy Accents Allergy and Congestion Relief 24 Hour Non Drowsy",
"Smart Sense Allergy and Congestion Relief-D",
"Allpanto S",
"Copanto",
"Advil Cold and Sinus",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Notuss-NXD",
"Claritin-D 24 Hour",
"Wal itin D non drowsy",
"Allergy relief-D",
"Maxifed",
"Tusnel Pediatric",
"Tusnel",
"Silafed",
"Lortuss Lq",
"Poly-tussin D",
"Brotapp",
"Brotapp DM Cold and Cough",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Good Sense Mucus D",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"KIRKLAND SIGNATURE ALLERCLEAR D 24 HR Extended Release",
"Poly Hist NC",
"Advil Allergy Sinus",
"ALLERCLEAR-D 24 Hour",
"Pediatric Cough and Cold Medicine",
"Despec-Tab",
"Wal Itin D Non Drowsy 24 Hour Allergy and Congestion",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Triponel",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Zodryl DAC 35",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Zodryl DAC 50",
"Zodryl DAC 25",
"Zodryl DAC 30",
"Zodryl DEC 35",
"Zodryl DAC 60",
"Zodryl DAC 80",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Zodryl DAC 40",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Hycofenix",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Cetirizine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Rondec-D",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Facol Classic One",
"Allergy relief-D",
"All Day Allergy D",
"all day Allergy Relief D",
"Allergy and Congestion Relief D Original Prescription Strength",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCI",
"Abatuss Dmx",
"PECGEN PSE Cough Suppressant Expectorant Nasal Decongestant GRAPE Flavor",
"Acticon",
"Acticon",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Leader Allergy Relief D",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Actinel Pediatric",
"Dexbrompherniramine Maleate and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate 6mg/120mg",
"Actinel",
"CareOne All Day Allergy D",
"Kirkland Signature Aller Tec D",
"12 Hour Allergy D",
"Healthy Accents Cetirizine-D",
"All day Allergy d",
"BIO Dtuss DMX",
"Sunmark Loratadine D",
"Tusnel",
"Conex",
"Conex",
"Tusnel DM Pediatric",
"Good Sense All Day Allergy D",
"All Day Allergy-D",
"Pedia Relief",
"Mucinex D",
"Mucinex D",
"Bromfed DM",
"Semprex D",
"Colcol Co Tab.",
"Wal Zyr D",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"TopCare Mucus D",
"Topcare All Day Allergy D",
"Rugby Mucus Relief D",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Virtussin Dac",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Sinus and Cold D",
"Sinus and Cold D",
"Equaline Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Colcol-S",
"Cetirizine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Entex T",
"Topcare Sinus and Cold D",
"Whituben",
"Mucus D",
"Clarinex-D 12 Hour",
"Pseudo Ephed Plus",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"loratadine D",
"Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Wal-Zyr D",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Allergy relief-D",
"Allergy relief-D",
"Kirkland Signature Allerclear D 12 Hr",
"12 Hour Allergy and Congestion",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Signature Care Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Hydrocodone Bitartrate, Chlorpheniramine Maleate and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCI",
"Careone Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Allergy Relief D 12",
"Sudafed Sinus 12 Hour Pressure plus Pain",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Harris Teeter Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Allergy Relief-D",
"All Day Allergy D",
"Topcare Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCI",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Wal-Finate D",
"Y-tuss",
"Health Mart Allergy Complete D",
"Sunmark All Day Allergy D",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCI",
"Sunmark Loratadine D",
"Health Mart Allergy and Congestion",
"Stahist Ad",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCI",
"Respaire-30",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCI",
"Pedia Relief",
"Kidkare cough/cold",
"12HR Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Cetirizine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Sunmark All Day Allergy D",
"Pseudoephedrine HCl and Guaifenesin",
"Aprodine",
"Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Guaifenesin and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride Extended Release",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Claritin-D 12 Hour",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Rescon DM",
"Rescon",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Health Mart Sinus and Cold D",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Allergy Relief-D 24 Hour 24 Hour",
"Aleve-D Sinus and Headache",
"Aleve-D Sinus and Cold",
"LoHist D",
"Abanatuss Ped",
"Abanatuss Ped Drops",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Wal-Act",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCI",
"Allergy Relief-D 24 Hour",
"Kirkland Signature AllerClear D 12 hr",
"Wal-itin D 24 Hour",
"Allergy Relief-D 24 Hour",
"Claritin-D 24 Hour",
"Allergy Relief-D24 Hour 24 Hour",
"Sinus and Cold D",
"Mucinex D Maximum Strength",
"Allergy Relief d 12",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Mucus D ER",
"Ninjacof-D",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy All Day Allergy D",
"Leader Allergy D 12",
"Allegra-D Allergy and Congestion",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Allegra-D Allergy and Congestion",
"Cetirizine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Guaifenesin and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride Extended Release",
"Wal itin D 12 hour allergy and congestion",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Loratadine D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"SudoGest",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Cold and Flu Nighttime D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus D",
"Sinus and Cold D",
"ShopRite Allergy D 12",
"Aprodine",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Smart Sense Allergy Relief D",
"Mucinex D",
"CareOne Allergy and congestion relief",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"CareOne Allergy Relief D",
"Equaline All Day Allergy D",
"Leader Sinus and Cold D",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Up and Up Sinus and Cold D",
"Harris Teeter All Day Allergy D",
"Harris Teeter Mucus Relief D",
"Alavert Allergy Sinus D-12",
"Signature Care Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Signature Care Allergy Relief D",
"Dimetapp Paediatric",
"Dimetapp",
"Allergy Relief-D",
"Sunmark Sinus and Cold D",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Children Cough and Cold",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCI",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride",
"Leader Allergy Relief D12",
"Health Mart mucus relief d",
"Leader Allergy Relief D-24",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"DELTUSS DMX Cough Suppressant Nasal Decongestant Antihistamine GRAPE Flavor",
"DELTUSS DP Nasal Decongestant Antihistamine CHERRY Flavor",
"Atuss Da",
"TRISPEC PSE Cough Suppressant Expectorant Nasal Decongestant GRAPE Flavor",
"Poly-Vent DM",
"Leader Mucus Relief D",
"Chlo Tuss",
"M-end Dmx",
"Sunmark mucus relief d",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Mucus D",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Wal-phed",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Leader Allergy Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Rugby Cetirizine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCL",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCL",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Capmist DM",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Sunmark All Day Allergy D",
"Health Mart Allergy Complete D",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Wal Zyr D",
"Topcare All Day Allergy D",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy All Day Allergy D",
"Kirkland Signature Aller Tec D",
"Allergy and Congestion Relief D",
"Cetirizine hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride",
"12 Hour Allergy D",
"All Day Allergy D",
"Mucus Relief D Sinus Congestion",
"Vanacof",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Mucinex D",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Rynex Pse",
"Aquanaz PSE",
"Lortuss Lq",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and DextromethorphanHydrobromide",
"Vicks NyQuil D Severe Cold And Flu",
"Vicks Sinex D Severe Sinus and Cold",
"Allergy and Congestion",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Allegra D-12 Hour",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Health Mart Allergy and Congestion",
"Equaline Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Allegra-D Allergy and Congestion",
"Good Sense Allergy and Congestion Relief Non Drowsy 24 Hour",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Gripmax",
"Claritin-D 24 Hour",
"Up and Up Allergy Plus Congestion Relief D",
"Smart Sense allergy and congestion relief indoor and outdoor allergies",
"Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Despec-DM Tabs",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Allergy Relief D 12 Hour",
"BroveX PSB",
"Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Atuss Da",
"Good Sense Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Lortuss EX",
"Entre-Cough",
"healthy accents mucus relief D",
"Pediatric Cough and Cold Medicine",
"All Day Sinus and Cold D",
"Guaifenesin and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride Extended Release",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Loratadine D",
"Clarinex-D 24 Hour",
"Lortuss Lq",
"Loratadine D 24 Hour",
"Hydrocodone Bitartrate Chlorpheniramine Maleate and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Sudafed 12 Hour Pressure And Pain",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Mucus D",
"Cetirizine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCl ER",
"Entre-S",
"Smart Sense All Day Allergy D",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Ephed Plus Sinus",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Lortuss DM",
"Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCI",
"Pedia Relief",
"Stahist AD",
"Smart Sense Allergy and Congestion Relief D",
"Capmist DM",
"BroveX PSB DM",
"Q-Tapp",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Zutripro",
"Allegra--D 24 Hour",
"Ed-A-hist Pse",
"All Day Sinus and Cold D",
"Up and Up all day allergy relief d",
"Loratadine D",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Loratadine D",
"Hydrocodone Bitartrate, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Leader Sinus and Cold-D",
"Duraflu",
"Poly-Vent IR",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Mucus D",
"Robitussin CF",
"Allegra-D",
"Brompheniramine maleate, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride,",
"Brompheniramine maleate, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride,",
"Mucus D",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate",
"Brompheniramine, Pseudoephedrine, Dextromethorphan",
"Allergy and Congestion",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Maxifed TR",
"Maxi-Tuss TR",
"Equate Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Claritin-D 24 Hour",
"Equate Mucus D",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Good Sense All Day Allergy D",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Equate Sinus and Cold D",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Signature Care Allergy Relief D",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Clarinex-D 12 Hour",
"Extra Strength TYLENOL Cold Plus Flu Multi-Action Day",
"Extra Strength TYLENOL Cold plus Flu Multi-Action Day/Night",
"Extra Strength TYLENOL Cold plus Flu Multi-Action Day/Night",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Guaifenesin D",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Chlophedianol Hydrochloride, Dexchlorpheniramine Maleate, and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Guaifenesin D",
"Guaifenesin D",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Guaifenesin D",
"Allergy Relief D 12",
"Perrigo Allergy D",
"allergy relief D12",
"Benylin Cough Plus Cold Relief",
"Benylin for Children Cough & Cold",
"Extra Strength Sinutab Sinus Daytime",
"Advil Cold and Sinus",
"Robitussin Children's Cough and Cold",
"Robitussin Cough and Cold",
"Extra Strength Sinutab Sinus & Allergy",
"Robitussin Extra Strength Cough & Cold",
"Children's Tylenol Cold and Cough",
"Calmylin Pse With Codeine",
"Extra Strength Sinutab Sinus Nighttime",
"Benylin Extra Strength All-IN-one Cold, Flu & Cough",
"Children's Tylenol Cold & Stuffy Nose",
"Balminil DM + Decongestant + Expectorant Extra Strength",
"Balminil DM + Decongestant + Expectorant",
"Extra Strength Sudafed Head Cold & Sinus",
"Allegra-D",
"Medicament Pour Les Sinus, Regulier",
"Medicament Pour Les Sinus, Extra-fort",
"DM-decongestant-expectorant (extra Strength) Syrup",
"DM-decongestant-expectorant Syrup",
"DM-decongestant Children's Syrup",
"DM-decongestant Syrup",
"Buckley's Complete Extra Strength Cough, Cold and Flu Night",
"Sudafed Sinus Advance",
"Benylin Extra Strength All-IN-one Cough, Cold & Flu",
"Reactine Complete",
"Hot Lemon Relief for Symptoms Of Cough, Cold and Flu Extra Strength",
"Entex LA",
"Children's Advil Cold",
"Extra Strength Flu Relief Daytime",
"Advil Cold & Sinus Plus",
"Advil Cold & Sinus Liqui-gels",
"Benadryl Allergy, Sinus & Pain Total",
"Nighttime Cold Relief Extra Strength Tablets",
"Daytime Cold Relief Extra Strength Tablets",
"Allergy + Sinus Relief Extra Strength Tablets",
"Daytime Sinus Relief Extra Strength Tablets",
"Benylin Extra Strength All-IN-one Cough, Cold & Flu Night",
"Sinus Medication Night Tablets",
"Sinus Medication Day Regular Tablets",
"Benylin Extra Strength All-IN-one Cold, Flu & Cough Night",
"Daytime Cold and Flu Relief",
"Nighttime cold and flu relief",
"Benylin Extra Strength Cough Complete",
"Advil Cold and Sinus Daytime",
"Advil Cold and Sinus Nighttime",
"Children's Advil Cold & Flu Multi-symptom",
"Total Cold and Flu Extra Strength",
"Benylin for Children All-IN-one Cold & Fever",
"Benylin Extra Strength All-IN-one Cough, Cold & Flu With Warming Sensation",
"Buckley's Complete + Mucus Relief",
"Night Time Total Extra Strength",
"Benylin All-IN-one Cold, Flu & Cough Liquid Gels",
"Benylin Extra Strength Mucus & Phlegm Plus Cold Relief",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Complete Cold, Cough & Flu",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Cold & Sinus Daytime",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Cold & Sinus Nighttime",
"Cold + Sinus Plus",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Complete Cold, Cough & Flu Plus Mucus Relief Nighttime",
"Benylin Extra Strength Mucus & Phlegm Plus Cold Relief Night",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Complete Cold, Cough & Flu Daytime",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Complete Cold, Cough & Flu Nighttime",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Complete Cold, Cough & Flu Plus Mucus Relief",
"Benylin Extra Strength Mucus & Phlegm Plus Cold Relief",
"Pain & Fever + Cold",
"Pain & Fever + Cold & Cough",
"Children's Tylenol Complete Cold, Cough & Fever",
"Cold + Sinus Daytime Cold + Sinus Nighttime",
"Cold + Sinus Daytime Cold + Sinus Nighttime",
"Cough & Cold Relief",
"Cough & Cold Relief Extra Strength",
"Children's Cough & Cold Relief",
"Sudafed Sinus Daytime",
"Sudafed Sinus Nighttime",
"Coactifed",
"Calmylin Pediatric Syrup",
"Once-A-day Benylin Cold Cap",
"Children's Tylenol Cold Liquid With DM",
"Sinus, Pain & Nasal Congest Relief Caplet",
"Actifed Plus Caplet",
"Histenol Cold Tablets",
"Sinutab With Codeine Tablets",
"Medicament Pour Les Sinus Reg Caplet",
"Vicks Formula 44d Liq",
"Benylin Codeine 3.3mg De Syr",
"Chlor-tripolon Nd Srt",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Cold and Flu Powder",
"Personnelle Contre Le Rhume Liq",
"Regular Strength Tylenol Cold and Flu Powder",
"Non Drowsy Extra Strength Contac Cold Sore Throat",
"Calmylin #3 Syr",
"Calmylin #2 Syr",
"Theraflu Flu Cold and Cough Medicine",
"Calmylin Cough and Flu Liq",
"Dayquil Liquicaps",
"Non Drowsy Super Strength Contac Complete",
"Demdec Syr",
"Children's Nyquil Liquid",
"Benadryl Decongestant Tablets",
"Promatussin DM Adult Formula Syr",
"Contac Day & Night Sinus/allergy Caplet",
"Contac Day & Night Sinus/allergy Caplet",
"Cough Syrup DM Decongestant Expectorant",
"Cough Syrup DM Decongestant for Children",
"Cough Syrup DM Decongestant Expectorant",
"Koffex DM + Decongestant Syrup",
"Personnelle DM Syr",
"Actifed DM Tablets",
"Nyquil Liquicaps",
"Regular Strength Tylenol Cough Suspension With Decongestant",
"Neo Citran Daycaps Extra Strength - Caplet",
"Cough Syrup DM Decongestant for Children",
"Novahistine DM With Decongestant - Liq",
"Novahistex DM Expectorant With Decongestant",
"Novahistex Expectorant With Decongestant",
"Robitussin Cough and Cold Liqui-gels",
"Centracol Pediatrique - Syr",
"Novahistine DM Expectorant With Decongestant",
"DM Plus Decongestant Plus Expector.ex.st.syr",
"DM Plus Decongestant Plus Expectorant Cough Syrup",
"DM Plus Decongestant Cough Syrup",
"Novahistex DM With Decongestant",
"Regular Strength Cold Medication(daytime R.)",
"Cough Syrup DM-D-E",
"Reg.str.cold Medic.(night Time Relief)caplet",
"Sudafed Cold and Flu Gel Caps",
"Vicks Nyquil Adult Nighttime Colds Medicine",
"Pediatric Cough Syrup",
"Cough and Flu Syrup",
"Triaminicol DM Syrup",
"Triaminic Expectorant Syr",
"Triaminic DM Expectorant Syr",
"Robitussin Cough, Cold & Flu Liqui-gels",
"Sudafed Head Cold and Sinus Extra Strength Caplets",
"Extra Strength Nighttime Cold Relief-caplet",
"Extra Strength Sinus Relief-caplet",
"Extra Strength Allergy Plus Sinus Relief",
"Extra Strength Daytime Cold Relief-caplet",
"Sudafed Cold and Cough Extra Strength Caplet",
"Triaminic DM Plus Decongestant Syrup",
"Triaminic Decongest+expect Liqui-gels Cap",
"Triaminic DM+decongestant Liqui-gels Capsules",
"Cough Syrup DM Decongestant",
"Cough Syrup DM Decongestant Expectorant",
"Extra Strength Sinus Medication-caplet",
"Regular Strength Sinus Medication-caplet",
"Extra Strength Cold Medication Nighttime Rlf",
"Extra Strength Cold Medication Daytime Rlf",
"Extra Strength Allergy Sinus Medication",
"Benylin 4 Flu - Syrup",
"Sinutab N.T. Regular Strength Caplets",
"Daytime Cold & Flu Liquid Capsules",
"Nighttime Cold & Flu Liquid Capsules",
"Drixoral Syrup",
"Syrup DM-D",
"Contac-C Ext.stren.night Time Cough,cold&flu",
"Cold Medication Reg Strength D Tab",
"Cold Medication Reg Strength N Tab",
"Nighttime Cold and Flu Liquid Capsules",
"Drixoral Day/night - Srt/tabs",
"Drixoral Day/night - Srt/tabs",
"Allergy Sinus Medication - Caplet",
"Junior Strength Cold DM - Tablet",
"Triprofed Tab",
"Infants Tylenol Cold Suspension Drops",
"Syrup DM-D-E",
"Dayquil Liquicaps - Cap",
"Drixtab Tab",
"Daytime Liquid - Liq",
"Cough Syrup DM Decongestant Expectorant",
"Actifed DM Syrup",
"Dimetapp Cold and Sinus Caplets",
"Dristan Sinus Caplets",
"Promatussin DM Children Formula",
"Sudafed DM",
"Regular Strength Sinus Medication",
"Dayquil Medicine - Liq",
"Formule 115 DM",
"Tussilyn DM",
"Balminil DM-D-E - Liq",
"Koffex DM-D-E - Liq",
"Tussin Cough Medicine DM Antitussive Expectorant Decongestant",
"Children's Tussin Cough Medicine DM Antitussive Decongestant",
"Nighttime Super Strength Contac Complete",
"Nitetime Cold Medicine",
"DM-D-expectorant Cough and Cold Syrup",
"Chlor-tripolon Decon Ext Str Repetabs 12",
"Trinalin Repetabs",
"Bronchodex Pediatrique",
"Cold/flu Relief",
"Non Drowsy Regular Strength Contac Cold Chest Congestion",
"Koffex DM + Decongestant + Expectorant",
"Koffex DM + Decongestant + Expectorant Extra Strength",
"Nite Time (children's)",
"Contac Night Caplets",
"Daytime Cold & Flu Liquid Capsules",
"Regular Strength Tylenol Cold Chest Congestion",
"Children's Tylenol Sinus Suspension",
"Children's Tylenol Sinus Chewable Tablet",
"Triaminic Softchews Throat Pain & Cough",
"Children's Tylenol Allergy - D Chewable Tablets",
"Children's Tylenol Allergy-D Suspension",
"Medicament Sinus Personnel EX-fort Caplet",
"Medicament Sinus Personnel Reg Caplet",
"Nighttime cold and flu relief",
"Robitussin Honey Cough and Cold",
"Robitussin Honey Flu",
"Jack & Jill Cough and Cold",
"Contac Cold and Sore Throat Caplets",
"Contac Cold and Fever Caplets",
"Dimetapp Cough & Congestion Liquid",
"Dimetapp Daytime Cold Caplets",
"Dimetapp Children's Cough and Cold Liquid",
"Total Cold and Flu",
"Extra Strength Daytime Cold Relief",
"Triaminic Cold and Allergy",
"Triaminic Cough",
"Extra Strength Allergy and Sinus Relief",
"Buckley's Sinus Pain Relief Extra Strength Tablets",
"Jack & Jill Cough, Cold & Flu Junior Strength Tablets",
"Non Drowsy Super Strength Contac Cold Nasal Congestion",
"Liberator",
"Extra Strength Sinus Relief Nighttime",
"Benylin 2 Cold and Flu With Codeine",
"Non Drowsy Regular Strength Contac Complete",
"Daytime Cold and Flu Liquid Capsules",
"Nighttime Cold and Flu Liquid Capsules",
"Vicks Dayquil Liquicaps",
"Vicks Nyquil Liquicaps",
"Benylin DM-D for Infants",
"Neocitran Cold & Flu Syrup",
"Neocitran Cough & Cold Syrup",
"Contac Cold Nasal Congestion-nighttime",
"Contac Cold Nasal Congestion-non Drowsy Regular Strength",
"Regular Strength Flu Relief Nightime",
"Vicks Dayquil Sinus Liquicaps",
"Vicks Nyquil Sinus Liquicaps",
"Day Relief Cold and Flu Liquid Capsules",
"Night Relief Cold and Flu Liquid Capsules",
"Benadryl Total",
"Tylenol Cold & Flu Daytime",
"Tylenol Cold & Flu Nighttime",
"Regular Strength Sinus Medication",
"Daytime Cold/flu Relief",
"Contac Cough & Cold Syrup",
"Contac Complete Cough, Cold & Flu Syrup",
"Cold and Flu Medicine - Day Time Formula",
"Cold and Flu Medicine - Night Time Formula",
"Cold & Flu Daytime",
"Cold & Flu Nighttime",
"Children's Tylenol Cold Liquid",
"Actifed Tablets",
"Actifed Syrup",
"Coactifed",
"Coactifed",
"Sudafed Sinus Extra Strength",
"Sinutab Daytime/nightime Extra Strength Caplets (combo Pack)",
"Sinutab Daytime/nightime Extra Strength Caplets (combo Pack)",
"Children's Nicold Medicine",
"Nicold Medicine for Adults",
"Nitetime Cold Medicine",
"Medicament Pour Le Rhume, Jour",
"Medicament Pour Le Rhume, Nuit",
"Motrin Cold & Sinus Caplets",
"Sinus Relief Regular Strength Tablet",
"Day Time Liquid Caps",
"Cold and Sinus Relief",
"Night Time Relief",
"Cold & Cough",
"Day Time Relief",
"Cold & Flu",
"Daytime 325 Liqua Caps",
"Nighttime 325 Liqua Caps",
"Cold Medication Regular Nighttime Tablets",
"Cold & Cough Extra Strength",
"Day Time Relief Extra Strength",
"Nighttime Cold & Flu Relief Syrup",
"Sinus Relief Nightime Caplets",
"Dry Cough & Cold Syrup",
"Daytime Cold Relief Caplets",
"Allergy + Sinus Relief Regular Caplets",
"Head Cold and Sinus Relief Caplets",
"Children's Sinus Medication Liquid Suspension",
"Children's Allergy and Sinus Medication Liquid Suspension",
"A.M. Cold Relief Formula",
"P.M. Cold Relief Formula",
"Allergy, Sinus and Headache Relief Medication",
"Equate Daytime Liquid Capsules",
"Equate Nighttime Liquid Capsules",
"Sinus Nighttime Extra Strength Caplets",
"Hot Lemon Relief for Sore Throat and Cough Extra Strength",
"Toux Rhume Et Grippe (extra-fort)",
"Cold and Flu-IN-one Regular Strength",
"Complete One Cold and Flu Extra Strength",
"Complete One Cold and Flu Extra Strength Tablets",
"Nighttime Cold and Flu Extra Strength Medicine",
"Maux De Gorge Et De LA Toux Extra-fort",
"Complete One Cold and Flu Nightime Extra Strength Liquid",
"Complete One Cold and Flu Nightime Extra Strength Tablets",
"Children's Motrin Cold",
"Sinusales Extra Fort Nuit",
"Acetaminophen/pseudoephedrine/dextromethorphan/doxylamine",
"Acetaminophen/dextromethorphan/pseudoephedrine",
"Cold and Cough Relief Extra Strength",
"Cold and Flu Extra Strength Day",
"Cold and Nasal Congestion Relief Nighttime Extra Strength",
"Cold and Nasal Congestion Relief Super Strength",
"Cough Syrup With Codeine",
"Cough, Cold and Flu Relief Day Super Strength",
"Cough, Cold and Flu Relief Complete Night Super Strength",
"Sinus and Allergy Regular Strength",
"Daytime Flu Relief Extra Strength",
"Hot Lemon Night Time Total Extra Strength",
"Cold + Sinus Daytime",
"Pain & Fever + Decongestant",
"Expectorant DM Cough Extra Strength With Decongestant",
"Cold Relief Duo Pack",
"Cold Relief Duo Pack",
"Sinus Day/night Extra Strength",
"Sinus Day/night Extra Strength",
"Cold and Sinus Nighttime Relief",
"Nightcap Complete Liquid Gels",
"Daycap Cold & Sinus Liquid Gels",
"Sudafed Sinus & Allergy",
"Allergy Sinus Nighttime Relief",
"Balminil DM + Decongestant",
"Balminil Cough and Flu",
"Balminil Codeine + Decongestant + Expectorant",
"Coricidin 'd' Nasal and Sinus Congestion",
"Coricidin D Nasal and Sinus Congestion Tablets",
"Coricidin D Flu, Nasal and Sinus",
"Robitussin Total Cough, Cold & Flu",
"Robitussin Total Cough, Cold & Flu Nighttime Extra Strength",
"Children's Tylenol Cold and Cough",
"Junior Strength Tylenol Cold and Cough",
"Benylin DM-D-E-A Cold and Sinus Liquid Gels",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Flu Nighttime Gelcap",
"Benadryl Allergy Sinus Caplets",
"Children's Tylenol Decongestant - Tab",
"Junior Strength Tylenol Decongestant - Tab",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Allergy Sinus Nighttime Caplet",
"Actifed Tablets",
"Actifed Plus Caplets",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Flu Daytime",
"Benylin A-D-AH Extra Strength Caplets",
"Benylin A-D-AH Regular Strength Caplets",
"Benylin A-D Regular Strength Caplets",
"Benylin A-D Extra Strength Caplets",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Sinus Pain and Congestion Daytime",
"Benylin DM-D-AH for Children",
"Benylin for Children Cough Stuffy and Runny Nose",
"Benylin D-AH for Children",
"Benadryl Allergy & Cold Caplets",
"Benylin DM-D-AH Chewables for Children",
"Benylin DM-D Chewables for Children",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Sinus Pain and Congestion Nighttime",
"Children's Benadryl-D Allergy & Sinus",
"Benylin Cough and Cold",
"Children's Tylenol Cold Chewable Tablets",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Cold Daytime",
"Benylin for Children All-IN-one Cold and Fever",
"Tylenol Sinus Plus Mucous Relief",
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"Advil Cold & Sinus Convenience Pack",
"Advil Cold & Sinus Convenience Pack",
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"Extra Strength Neocitran Flu Night",
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"Triaminic Cold Cough and Fever",
"Triaminic Softchews Cough and Cold",
"Triaminic Softchews Cold and Allergy",
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"Triaminic Cough and Congestion",
"Triaminic Cold and Cough",
"Extra Strength Neocitran Total Night",
"Motrin Cold & Sinus Pain",
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"Extra Strength Tylenol Cold Nighttime Caplet",
"Regular Strength Tylenol Cold Daytime",
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"Buckley's Cold & Sinus Day",
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"Cold and Sinus Plus",
"Cold Medication Extra Strength Daytime",
"Cold Medication Extra Strength Night Time",
"Sore Throat & Cough Ultra Strength",
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"Extra Strength Nighttime Cold Relief",
"Sinus Medication Extra Strength Night Time",
"Extra Strength Day and Night Cold Medication",
"Extra Strength Day and Night Cold Medication",
"Contac Extend-C Sustained Release Capsules",
"Buckley's Complete Daytime Softgels",
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"Sinutab Regular Strength Tablets",
"Cold & Sinus Relief Capsules",
"Calmylin Codeine D-E Syr",
"Cough Syr W.cod. Pseudoephed.hcl Guaifenesin",
"Cotrifed",
"Total Cold & Flu",
"Cough & Cold",
"Extra Strength Cough Plus Cold Relief Syrup",
"Vasofrinic",
"Sudafed Sinus Complete",
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"Cold Flu Relief",
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"Cough, Cold & Flu",
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"Flu, Cough & Cold Complete Day and Night",
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"Nighttime Cold & Flu Liquid Capsules",
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"Sinus Relief",
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"Cold Medication",
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"Sinus Medication Day & Night",
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"Cold and Sinus Relief Combo",
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"Vasofrinic Plus Sirop",
"Vasofrinic Dh",
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"Complete Daytime Liquid Capsules",
"Cough Syrup DM-D-E With Acetaminophen",
"Cough Syrup DM-D-E With Acetaminophen Extra Strength",
"Tussodan DM Syrup",
"Neocitran Ultra Strength Total Flu",
"Relievol Sinus Caplets Extra Strength, Non Drowsy Formula",
"Relievol Allergy Sinus Caplets Extra Strength",
"Sinus Pain and Nasal Congestion Relief",
"Allergy Sinus Headache Caplets",
"Cold and Flu Capsules",
"Cough, Cold and Flu Daytime Caplets",
"Cough, Cold and Flu Nightime Caplets",
"Cold + Sinus Caplets",
"Nighttime Cold and Flu-IN-one Extra Strength",
"Claritin Allergy + Sinus",
"Covan Syrup",
"Claritin Allergy + Sinus Extra Strength",
"Nighttime Flu, Cough & Cold Complete Relief Extra Strength",
"Drixoral Cold & Sinus",
"Nitetime Cold Medicine Original and Cherry",
"Actifed DM Syrup",
"Actifed DM Tablets",
"Sudafed Children's Sinus Liquid",
"Aerius Dual Action 24 Hour",
"Vicks Formula 44m Liq",
"Vicks Dayquil Sinus Pr.and Pain ReL.W.ibupr.",
"Dayquil D",
"Complete Liquid Capsules Nighttime Relief",
"Aerius Sinus + Allergy",
"Dristan Non-drowsy Extra Strength Caplet",
"Dristan Nd Caplets",
"Cough & Cold Soft Gel Caps",
"Daytime Cough. Cold. Flu Gel Capsules",
"Nighttime Cough. Cold. Flu Gel Capsules",
"Dimetapp Daytime Cold Extra Strength Caplets",
"Hot Lemon Relief for Symptoms Of Cough, Cold and Flu",
"Nighttime Total Super Strength",
"Cold,sore Throat Pain & Cough Ultra Strength",
"Cough, Cold & Flu Super Strength",
"Day & Night Combo Pack",
"Prime's Sore Throat, Cough and Colds Capsules",
"Vicks Pediatric Formula 44m Liq",
"Nitetime Cold Medicine Liq",
"Cough Syrup DM Decongestant",
"Cough Syrup DM - Decongestant - Expectorant",
"Cough Syrup DM - Decongestant for Children",
"Cough Syrup DM - Decongestant - Expectorant Extra Strength",
"Sinus Relief Extra Strength Tablet",
"Cold Relief Daytime Tablet",
"Cold Relief Nightime Tablet",
"Daytime Liqua Caps",
"Nighttime Liqua Caps",
"Cough Syrup With Codeine",
"Benylin Extra Strength Cough & Chest Congestion With Warming Sensation",
"Vicks Pediatric Formula 44d Liq",
"Cough Syrup With Codeine",
"Extra Strength Sinus Relief Daytime",
"Complete Liquid Capsules",
"Complete Liquid Capsules",
"Sinus Medication Extra Strength Daytime",
"Extra Strength Head Cold and Sinus",
"Extra Strength Cold Medication Daytime Relief",
"Extra Strength Cold Medication Nighttime Relief",
"Cold and Flu-IN-one Extra Strength",
"Cold & Sinus Liquid Fastgels",
"Cold and Sinus Complete Liquid Gels",
"Cold and Sinus Daytime Relief",
"Complete",
"Complete",
"Advil Cold, Sinus & Flu Extra Strength",
"Extra Strength Allergy Sinus Medication",
"Sinus Medication",
"Extra Strength Flu Relief Nightime",
"Total Cold and Flu",
"Extra Strength Allergy Total",
"Nighttime Total Cold and Flu",
"Buckley's Complete Nighttime Softgels",
"Sinus Medication Daytime Relief",
"Complete Daytime",
"Cold & Sinus Liquid Capsules",
"Cold & Sinus Liquid Capsules",
"Night Time Multi Symptom Relief",
"Day Time Multi Symptom Relief",
"Cold and Flu Nighttime Relief Syrup Extra Strength",
"Daytime Cold & Sinus",
"Nighttime Relief Complete",
"Nighttime Cold & Sinus",
"Teva-cotridin Expectorant",
"Teva-cotridin",
"Flu, Cough & Cold Complete",
"Total Cold & Flu Combo",
"Total Cold & Flu Combo",
"Buckley's Complete Extra Strength Cough, Cold & Flu Day",
"Sinus Ultra Strength Tablet",
"Coldifed Syrup",
"Daytime Relief Complete",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Sinus Pressure & Pain",
"Hot Lemon Relief for Symptoms Of Cough, Cold and Flu Ultra Strength",
"Daytime Relief Complete Liquid Gels",
"Total Flu Ultra Strength",
"Buckley's Complete 24 Hour Pack",
"Buckley's Complete 24 Hour Pack",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride Capsules",
"Buckley's Cold & Sinus 24 Hour Pack",
"Buckley's Cold & Sinus 24 Hour Pack",
"Nightcap Complete Liquid Gels",
"Daycap Cold & Sinus Liquid Gels",
"Hot Lemon Ultra Strength Total Flu",
"Hot Lemon Ultra Strength Total Flu Night",
"Alavert Allergy and Congestion D-12 hour",
"Cold and Allergy D",
"Picnic Nasal Decongestant and Antihistamine",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Acticon",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCl 24 Hour",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Leader All Day Sinus and Cold D",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"IBUPROFEN and PSEUDOEPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE",
"Naproxen Sodium and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride Sinus and Headache",
"Naproxen Sodium and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride Sinus and Cold",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"all day allergy-D",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCl 24 Hour",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Equate Mucus D",
"Equate Allergy Relief D Nasal Decongestant",
"Claritin-D 12 Hour",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Cold and Allergy D",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Aprodine",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Claritin-D 24 Hour",
"MAXIMUM STRENGTH Mucus D",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Bromfed DM",
"Jack & Jill Multi-symptom Cold & Cough",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Zyrtec-D",
"Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Cetirizine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"12hr Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"allergy relief-D",
"Bromfed DM",
"Allergy relief-D",
"Allergy relief-D",
"Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Total Cold & Flu Extra Strength Night",
"Cough & Cold Relief Regular Strength",
"Cough & Cold Relief Extra Strength",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"mucus D",
"Topcare Allergy and Congestion Relief",
"foster and thrive allergy D 12 hour",
"Topcare Mucus D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Fexofenadine HCl and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Allergy Congestion Relief",
"Allergy Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Sinus and Cold D",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Children's Cough & Cold Relief",
"Cetirizine Hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Total Cough, Cold & Flu Ultra Strength",
"Brompheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Naproxen Sodium and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride Cold and Sinus",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Foster and Thrive Mucus Relief D",
"Advil Cold & Sinus Extra Strength Liqui-gels",
"Foster and Thrive Mucus Relief D",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Aerinaze",
"Aerinaze",
"Aerinaze",
"Aerinaze",
"Aerinaze",
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"P17544",
"Q8WYK2",
"P01100",
"P05412",
"P60568"
] |
[
"P21397"
] |
[
"P02768"
] |
[
"P23975",
"Q01959",
"P31645"
] |
DB00853
|
Temozolomide
|
Refractory anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO grade III) and Glioblastoma multiforme (WHO grade IV) are primary malignant brain tumours with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Despite considerable genetic heterogeneity, these tumours often have impaired DNA repair systems, rendering them initially sensitive to alkylating agents, although they invariably develop resistance to these agents over time.[A229848, A229858, L32033] Temozolomide is an imidazotetrazine prodrug that is stable at acidic pH but undergoes spontaneous nonenzymatic hydrolysis at neutral or slightly basic pH; these properties allow for both oral and intravenous administration.[A229853, A229888, A229923, L32033] Following initial hydrolysis, further reactions liberate a highly reactive methyl diazonium cation capable of methylating various residues on adenosine and guanine bases leading to DNA lesions and eventual apoptosis.[A229853, A229923] Temozomolide as an adjunct to radiotherapy followed by maintenance dosing remains the standard of care for both Glioblastoma and refractory anaplastic astrocytoma.[L32033]
Temozolomide was granted FDA approval on August 11, 1999, as an oral capsule and subsequently on February 27, 2009, as an intravenous injection. It is currently marketed under the trademark TEMODAR® by Merck.[L32033]
|
solid
|
Temozolomide is indicated in adult patients for the treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma concomitantly with radiotherapy and for use as maintenance treatment thereafter. It is also indicated for the treatment of refractory anaplastic astrocytoma in adult patients or adjuvant therapy for adults with newly diagnosed anaplastic astrocytoma.[L48265]
|
Temozolomide is a prodrug of the imidazotetrazine class that requires nonenzymatic hydrolysis at physiological pH _in vivo_ to perform alkylation of adenine/guanine residues, leading to DNA damage through futile repair cycles and eventual cell death. Temozolomide treatment is associated with myelosuppression, which is likely to be more severe in females and geriatric patients. Patients must have an ANC of ≥1.5 x 10<sup>9</sup>/L and a platelet count of ≥100 x 10<sup>9</sup>/L before starting therapy and must be monitored weekly during the concomitant radiotherapy phase, on days one and 22 of maintenance cycles, and weekly at any point where the ANC/platelet count falls below the specified values until recovery. Cases of myelodysplastic syndrome and secondary malignancies, including myeloid leukemia, have been observed following temozolomide administration. Pneumocystis pneumonia may occur in patients undergoing treatment, and prophylaxis should be provided for patients in the concomitant phase of therapy with monitoring at all stages. Severe hepatotoxicity has also been reported, and liver testing should be performed at baseline, midway through the first cycle, before each subsequent cycle, and approximately two to four weeks after the last dose. Animal studies suggest that temozolomide has significant embryo-fetal toxicity; male and female patients should practice contraception up to three and six months following the last dose of temozolomide, respectively.[L32033]
|
Glioblastoma (glioblastoma multiforme) is the most common and aggressive adult primary brain tumour, accounting for 45.6% of all primary malignant brain tumours. Primarily defined histopathologically by necrosis and microvascular proliferation (WHO grade IV classification), glioblastomas are commonly treated through radiotherapy and concomitant alkylation-based chemotherapy with temozolomide.[A229848] Temozolomide (TMZ) is a small (194 Da) lipophilic alkylating agent of the imidazotetrazine class that is stable at acidic pH, allowing for both oral and intravenous dosing, and can cross the blood-brain barrier to affect CNS tumours.[A229853, A229858, L32033, A229893] After absorption, TMZ undergoes spontaneous nonenzymatic breakdown at physiological pH to form 5-(3-methyltriazen-1-yl) imidazole-4-carboxamide (MTIC), which then reacts with water to produce 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AIC) and a highly reactive methyl diazonium cation.[A229853] Brain tumours such as glioblastoma typically possess a more alkaline pH than healthy tissue, favouring TMZ activation within tumour tissue.[A229853]
The methyl diazonium cation is highly reactive and methylates DNA at the N7 position of guanine (N7-MeG, 70%), the N3 position of adenine (N3-MeA, 9%), and the O6 position of guanine (O6-MeG, 6%). Although more prevalent, N7-MeG and N3-MeA are rapidly repaired by the base excision repair pathway and are not primary mediators of temozolomide toxicity, although N3-MeA lesions are lethal if not repaired. By comparison, repair of O6-MeG requires action by the suicide enzyme methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), which removes the methyl group to restore guanine. If not repaired by MGMT, O6-MeG mispairs with thymine, activating the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway that removes the thymine (not the O6-MeG), resulting in futile cycles of repair and eventual DNA strand breaks leading to apoptosis.[A229853] As MMR activity is crucial for temozolomide cytotoxicity, cells that have reduced or absent MGMT function and an intact MMR pathway are the most sensitive to temozolomide treatment.[A229853, A229858] Glioblastomas that upregulate MGMT downregulate MMR or alter both are resistant to TMZ, leading to treatment failure.[A229853]
More recently, increased interest has also been shown in the immunomodulatory effects of TMZ, related to its myelosuppressive effects. Counterintuitively, lymphodepletion may enhance the antitumour effects of cellular immunotherapy and improve the dynamics of memory cells by altering tumour-specific versus tumour-tolerant populations. The depletion of tumour-localized immunosuppressive T<sub>reg</sub> cells may contribute to an improved response to immunotherapy. Hence, TMZ treatment may also form the backbone of immunotherapy strategies against glioblastoma in the future.[A229873]
|
Temozolomide is rapidly and completely absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and is stable at both acidic and neutral pH. Therefore, temozolomide may be administered both orally and intravenously with a median T<sub>max</sub> of one hour. Following a single oral dose of 150 mg/m<sup>2</sup>, temozolomide and its active MTIC metabolite had C<sub>max</sub> values of 7.5 μg/mL and 282 ng/mL and AUC values of 23.4 μg\*hr/mL and 864 ng\*hr/mL, respectively. Similarly, following a single 90-minute IV infusion of 150 mg/m<sup>2</sup>, temozolide and its active MTIC metabolite had C<sub>max</sub> values of 7.3 μg/mL and 276 ng/mL and AUC values of 24.6 μg\*hr/mL and 891 ng\*hr/mL, respectively. Temozolomide kinetics are linear over the range of 75-250 mg/m<sup>2</sup>/day. The median T<sub>max</sub> is 1 hour[L32033]
Oral temozolomide absorption is affected by food. Administration following a high-fat breakfast of 587 calories caused the mean C<sub>max</sub> and AUC to decrease by 32% and 9%, respectively, and the median T<sub>max</sub> to increase by 2-fold (from 1-2.25 hours).[L32033]
|
After absorption, temozolomide undergoes nonenzymatic chemical conversion to the active metabolite 5-(3-methyltriazen-1-yl) imidazole-4-carboxamide (MTIC) plus carbon dioxide and to a temozolomide acid metabolite, which occurs at physiological pH but is enhanced with increasing alkalinity.[A229853, A229888, A229923] MTIC subsequently reacts with water to produce 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AIC) and a highly reactive methyl diazonium cation, the active alkylating species.[A229853, A229888, A229923] The cytochrome P450 system plays only a minor role in temozolomide metabolism. Relative to the AUC of temozolomide, the exposure to MTIC and AIC is 2.4% and 23%, respectively.[L32033]
|
The primary dose-limiting toxicity of temozolomide is myelosuppression, which can occur with any dose but is more severe at higher doses. Patients taking high doses experienced adverse reactions, including severe and prolonged myelosuppression, infections, and death. One patient who took 2000 mg/day for five days experienced pancytopenia, pyrexia, and multi-organ failure, which resulted in death. Patients experiencing an overdose should have complete blood counts monitored and provided with supportive care as necessary.[L32033]
|
Temozolomide has a mean elimination half-life of 1.8 hours.[L32033]
|
Temozolomide plasma protein binding varies from 8-36%, with an average of around 15%.[A229888, L32033] _In vitro_ binding experiments revealed approximate dissociation constants of 0.2-0.25 and 0.12 mM for temozolomide with human serum albumin (HSA) and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), respectively; despite the slightly higher affinity for AGP, it is likely that temozolomide is predominantly bound to HSA due to its higher serum concentration. In addition, temozolomide binding to HSA results in delayed hydrolysis and a longer half-life than in buffer (1 versus 1.8 hours).[A229878]
|
Roughly 38% of administered temozolomide can be recovered over seven days, with 38% in the urine and only 0.8% in the feces. The recovered material comprises mainly metabolites: unidentified polar metabolites (17%), AIC (12%), and the temozolomide acid metabolite (2.3%). Only 6% of the recovered dose represents unchanged temozolomide.[L32033]
|
Temozolomide has a mean apparent volume of distribution (%CV) of 0.4 (13%) L/kg.[L32033]
|
Temozolomide has a clearance of approximately 5.5 L/hr/m<sup>2</sup>.[L32033]
|
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Imidazotetrazines
| null |
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[
"L01AX",
"L01A",
"L01",
"L"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "10.84",
"description": "Temodar 5 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "44.62",
"description": "Temodar 20 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "223.07",
"description": "Temodar 100 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "401.53",
"description": "Temodar 180 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "466.11",
"description": "Temodar 250 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "1993-11-09",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2013-08-11",
"number": "5260291"
},
{
"approved": "2010-04-27",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2023-02-20",
"number": "2476494"
},
{
"approved": "2002-08-20",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2012-04-16",
"number": "2066313"
},
{
"approved": "2006-01-17",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2023-09-08",
"number": "6987108"
},
{
"approved": "2010-08-31",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2023-02-21",
"number": "7786118"
},
{
"approved": "2014-01-07",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2023-02-21",
"number": "8623868"
}
] |
(S)-perillyl alcohol temozolomide | 3-methyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroimidazo(5,1-d)(1,2,3,5)tetrazine-8-carboxamide | 3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-4-oxoimidazo(5,1-d)-1,2,3,5-tetrazine-8-carboxamide | 3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-4-oxoimidazo(5,1-d)-as-tetrazine-8-carboxamide | 8-carbamoyl-3-methylimidazo(5,1-d)-1,2,3,5-tetrazin-4(3H)-one | Methazolastone | Temozolodida | Temozolomid | Temozolomida | Temozolomide | Témozolomide | Temozolomidum | TMZ | AGP 1 | AGP1 | OMD 1 | Orosomucoid-1 | ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 | MDR1 | Multidrug resistance protein 1 | P-glycoprotein 1 | PGY1 | Phospholipid transporter ABCB1 | 7.6.2.2 | ABCP | ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 | BCRP | BCRP1 | Breast cancer resistance protein | CDw338 | Mitoxantrone resistance-associated protein | MXR | Placenta-specific ATP-binding cassette transporter | Urate exporter
|
[
"Ach-temozolomide",
"Ach-temozolomide",
"Ach-temozolomide",
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"Act Temozolomide",
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"Apo-temozolomide",
"Apo-temozolomide",
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"Emozolomide Accord",
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"Emozolomide Accord",
"Emozolomide Accord",
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"Emozolomide Accord",
"Emozolomide Accord",
"Emozolomide Accord",
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"Emozolomide Accord",
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"Jamp Temozolomide",
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"Temodal",
"Temodar",
"Temodar",
"Temodar",
"Temodar",
"Temodar",
"Temodar",
"Temodar",
"Temodar",
"Temodar",
"Temodar",
"Temodar",
"Temodar",
"Temodar",
"Temodar",
"Temodar",
"Temodar",
"Temodar",
"Temomedac",
"Temomedac",
"Temomedac",
"Temomedac",
"Temomedac",
"Temomedac",
"Temomedac",
"Temomedac",
"Temomedac",
"Temomedac",
"Temomedac",
"Temomedac",
"Temozolmide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide",
"Temozolomide Capsules",
"Temozolomide Capsules",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Hexal",
"Temozolomide Sandoz",
"Temozolomide Sandoz",
"Temozolomide Sandoz",
"Temozolomide Sandoz",
"Temozolomide Sandoz",
"Temozolomide Sandoz",
"Temozolomide Sandoz",
"Temozolomide Sandoz",
"Temozolomide Sandoz",
"Temozolomide Sandoz",
"Temozolomide Sandoz",
"Temozolomide Sandoz",
"Temozolomide Sandoz",
"Temozolomide Sandoz",
"Temozolomide Sandoz",
"Temozolomide Sandoz",
"Temozolomide Sandoz",
"Temozolomide Sandoz",
"Temozolomide Sandoz",
"Temozolomide Sandoz",
"Temozolomide Sandoz",
"Temozolomide Sandoz",
"Temozolomide Sandoz",
"Temozolomide Sandoz",
"Temozolomide Sun",
"Temozolomide Sun",
"Temozolomide Sun",
"Temozolomide Sun",
"Temozolomide Sun",
"Temozolomide Sun",
"Temozolomide Sun",
"Temozolomide Sun",
"Temozolomide Sun",
"Temozolomide Sun",
"Temozolomide Sun",
"Temozolomide Sun",
"Temozolomide Sun",
"Temozolomide Sun",
"Temozolomide Sun",
"Temozolomide Sun",
"Temozolomide Sun",
"Temozolomide Sun",
"Temozolomide Sun",
"Temozolomide Sun",
"Temozolomide Sun",
"Temozolomide Sun",
"Temozolomide Sun",
"Temozolomide Sun",
"Temozolomide Teva",
"Temozolomide Teva",
"Temozolomide Teva",
"Temozolomide Teva",
"Temozolomide Teva",
"Temozolomide Teva",
"Temozolomide Teva",
"Temozolomide Teva",
"Temozolomide Teva",
"Temozolomide Teva",
"Temozolomide Teva",
"Temozolomide Teva",
"Teva-temozolomide",
"Teva-temozolomide",
"Teva-temozolomide",
"Teva-temozolomide",
"Teva-temozolomide"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
"P02768",
"P02763"
] |
[
"P08183",
"Q9UNQ0"
] |
DB00854
|
Levorphanol
|
A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.
|
solid
|
For the management of moderate to severe pain or as a preoperative medication where an opioid analgesic is appropriate.
|
Levorphanol is a potent synthetic opioid analgesic indicated for the management of moderate to severe pain or as a preoperative medication where an opioid analgesic is appropriate. Levorphanol is similar to morphine in its actions, however it is up to 8 times more potent than morphine. Levorphanol produces a degree of respiratory depression similar to that produced by morphine at equianalgesic doses, and like many mu-opioid drugs, levorphanol produces euphoria or has a positive effect on mood in many individuals.
|
Like other mu-agonist opioids it is believed to act at receptors in the periventricular and periaqueductal gray matter in both the brain and spinal cord to alter the transmission and perception of pain.
|
Levorphanol is well absorbed after PO administration with peak plasma concentrations occurring approximately 1 hour after dosing.
|
Levorphanol is extensively metabolized in the liver and is eliminated as the glucuronide metabolite.
|
LD<sub>50</sub>=150 mg/kg (orally in rats). Signs of overdose include nausea, emesis, dizziness, respiratory depression, hypotension, urinary retention, cardiac arrhythmias, allergic reactions, skin rash, and uticaria.
|
11-16 hours
|
40%
| null |
* 10 to 13 L/kg
|
* 0.78 to 1.1 L/kg/hr
|
Organic compounds
|
Alkaloids and derivatives
|
Morphinans
| null |
[
"approved"
] |
[] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[] |
[] |
Levorfanol | Levorfanolo | Lévorphanol | Levorphanol | Levorphanolum | hMOP | M-OR-1 | MOP | MOR-1 | MOR1 | Mu opiate receptor | Mu opioid receptor | D-OR-1 | DOR-1 | OPRD | K-OR-1 | KOR-1 | OPRK
|
[
"Levo-Dromoran",
"Levo-Dromoran",
"Levo-Dromoran",
"Levorphanol Tartrate",
"Levorphanol Tartrate",
"Levorphanol Tartrate",
"Levorphanol Tartrate",
"Levorphanol Tartrate",
"Levorphanol Tartrate",
"Levorphanol Tartrate",
"Levorphanol Tartrate",
"Levorphanol Tartrate",
"Levorphanol Tartrate",
"Levorphanol Tartrate",
"Levorphanol Tartrate",
"Levorphanol Tartrate",
"Levorphanol Tartrate",
"Levorphanol Tartrate"
] |
[
"Aromarone"
] |
[] |
[
"P35372",
"P41143",
"P41145"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00856
|
Chlorphenesin
| null |
solid
|
Used, along with rest and physical therapy, to treat injuries and other painful muscular conditions. Investigated for use in trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux), a neuropathic disorder characterized by severe facial pain. Was investigated as a modulator of histamine release.
|
Chlorphenesin is a muscle relaxant. It blocks nerve impulses (or pain sensations) that are sent to the brain.
|
The mechanism of action of chlorphenesin is not well defined, and its effects are measured mainly by subjective responses. It is known that chlorphenesin acts in the central nervous system (CNS) rather than directly on skeletal muscle.
|
Rapid and complete.
|
Hepatic. 85% of a dose excreted within 24 hours as the glucuronide metabolite.
|
Symptoms of a chlorphenesin overdose include drowsiness and nausea.
|
2.3-5 hours
| null | null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Benzenoids
|
Phenol ethers
| null |
[
"approved",
"experimental"
] |
[
"D01AE",
"D01A",
"D01",
"D"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[] |
[] |
3-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1,2-propanediol | 3-(p-chlorophenoxy)-1,2-propanediol | 3-(p-chlorophenoxy)propane-1,2-diol | Chlorphenesin | Chlorphénésine | Chlorphenesinum | Clorfenesina | glycerol α-p-chlorophenyl ether | p-chlorophenyl-α-glyceryl ether | 1.14.14.14 | ARO1 | CYAR | CYP19 | CYPXIX | Cytochrome P-450AROM | Cytochrome P450 19A1 | Estrogen synthase | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase | XDHA | 1.14.99.1 | COX-2 | COX2 | Cyclooxygenase-2 | PGH synthase 2 | PGHS-2 | PHS II | Prostaglandin H2 synthase 2 | Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 | 3.1.1.8 | Acylcholine acylhydrolase | Butyrylcholine esterase | CHE1 | Choline esterase II | Pseudocholinesterase
|
[
"(badiful) Antibacterial Wipes",
"Alcohol Wet Tissue",
"Anivy",
"Disinfecting Wipes",
"Hand Sanitizer Smells Clean",
"Medi SM 24K Gold Hydrogel Peptide Mask Pack",
"Mycil Cream",
"Mycil Cream 1%",
"Mycil Powder",
"Mycil Powder 1%",
"Puricia Sanitizing Wipes ( Blossom)",
"Puricia Sanitizing Wipes (Citrus)",
"Puricia Sanitizing Wipes (Lavender)",
"Puricia Sanitizing Wipes (Mint)",
"Wet Wipes"
] |
[] |
[
"Medi SM 24K Gold Hydrogel Peptide Mask Pack",
"Disinfecting Wipes",
"Alcohol Wet Tissue",
"(badiful) Antibacterial Wipes",
"Wet Wipes",
"Hand Sanitizer Smells Clean",
"Puricia Sanitizing Wipes ( Blossom)",
"Puricia Sanitizing Wipes (Mint)",
"Puricia Sanitizing Wipes (Lavender)",
"Puricia Sanitizing Wipes (Citrus)",
"Anivy"
] |
[] |
[
"P11511",
"P08684",
"P47989",
"P35354",
"P06276"
] |
[] |
[] |
DB00857
|
Terbinafine
|
Terbinafine hydrochloride (Lamisil) is a synthetic allylamine antifungal.[L9065,L9068] It is highly lipophilic in nature and tends to accumulate in skin, nails, and fatty tissues.[A1279] Like other allylamines, terbinafine inhibits ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting the fungal squalene monooxygenase (also called squalene epoxidase), an enzyme that is part of the fungal cell wall synthesis pathway.[A1279,A1281,L9068]
Terbinafine hydrochloride was granted FDA approval on 30 December 1992.[L9064]
|
solid
|
Terbinafine hydrochloride is indicated to treat fungal skin and nail infections caused by _Trichophyton_ species, _Microsporum canis_, _Epidermophyton floccosum_,[L9068] and _Tinea_ species.[L9065] Terbinafine hydrochloride also treats yeast infections of the skin caused by _Candida_ species and _Malassezia furfur_.[L9068]
|
Terbinafine is an allylamine antifungal that inhibits squalene epoxidase (also known as squalene monooxygenase) to prevent the formation of ergosterol and cause an accumulation of squalene, weakening the cell wall of fungal cells.[A1279,A1281,L9068] Terbinafine distributes into tissues and has a long terminal elimination half life, so the duration of action is long.[A1279] Overdose with terbinafine is rare, even above the therapeutic dose, so the therapeutic index is wide.[L9065,L9068] Patients taking oral terbinafine should have liver function tests performed prior to treatment to reduce the risk of liver injury.[L9065]
|
Terbinafine inhibits the enzyme squalene monooxygenase (also called squalene epoxidase), preventing the conversion of squalene to 2,3-oxydosqualene, a step in the synthesis of ergosterol.[A1279,A1281,L9068] This inhibition leads to decreased ergosterol, which would normally be incorporated into the cell wall, and accumulation of squalene.[A1281,L9068]
Generation of a large number of squalene containing vesicles in the cytoplasm may leach other lipids away from, and further weaken, the cell wall.[A1281]
|
Oral terbinafine is >70% absorbed but only 40% bioavailable after first pass metabolism, reaching a C<sub>max</sub> of 1µg/mL with a T<sub>max</sub> of 2 hours an an AUC of 4.56µg\*h/mL.[L9065] Over the course of a week, 1% topical terbinafine's C<sub>max</sub> increases from 949-1049ng/cm<sup>2</sup> and the AUC increases from 9694-13,492ng/cm<sup>2</sup>/h.[A188168]
|
Terbinafine can be deaminated to 1-naphthaldehyde by CYP2C9, 2B6, 2C8, 1A2, 3A4, and 2C19.[A38984] 1-naphthaldehyde is then oxidized to 1-naphthoic acid or reduced to 1-naphthalenemethanol.[A38984]
Terbinafine can also be hydroxylated by CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C8, 2B6, and 2C19 to hydroxyterbinafine.[A38984] Hydroxyterbinafine is then oxidized to carboxyterbinafine or N-demethylated by CYP3A4, 2B6, 1A2, 2C9, 2C8, and 2C19 to desmethylhydroxyterbinafine.[A38984]
Terbinafine can be N-demethylated to desmethylterbinafine.[A38984] Desmethylterbinafine is then dihydroxylated to a desmethyldihydrodiol or hydroxylated to desmethylhydroxyterbinafine.[A38984]
Finally, terbinafine can be dihydroxylated to a dihydrodiol which is then N-demethylated to a desmethyldihydrodiol.[A38984]
|
The subcutaneous LD<sub>50</sub> in rats and mice is >2g/kg.[L10487] The TDLO for women is 210mg/kg/6W.[L10487]
Overdose data with terbinafine is rare, however symptoms are expected to be nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, rash, frequent urination, and headache.[L9065] Treat overdose with activated charcoal as well as symptomatic and supportive therapy.[L9068]
|
Oral terbinafine has an effective half life of approximately 36 hours.[L9065] However, the terminal half life ranges from 200-400 hours as it distributes into skin and adipose tissue.[L9065] 1% topical terbinafine's half life increases over the first seven days from approximately 10-40 hours.[A188168]
|
Terbinafine is >99% bound to proteins in plasma,[L9065] mostly to serum albumin,[A188165,A5538] high and low density lipoproteins,[A1279] and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein to a lesser extent.[A5538]
|
Terbinafine is approximately 80% eliminated in urine, while the remainder is eliminated in feces.[A1279] The unmetabolized parent drug is not present in urine.[A188204]
|
A single 250mg oral dose of terbinafine has a volume of distribution at steady state of 947.5L or 16.6L/kg.[A1279]
|
A single 250mg oral dose of terbinafine has a clearance of 76L/h or 1.11L/h/kg.[A1279]
|
Organic compounds
|
Benzenoids
|
Naphthalenes
| null |
[
"approved",
"investigational",
"vet_approved"
] |
[
"D01AE",
"D01A",
"D01",
"D",
"D01BA",
"D01B",
"D01",
"D"
] |
[
"Fungi"
] |
[
{
"cost": "2.13",
"description": "Lamisil 1% cream",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "2.64",
"description": "Apo-Terbinafine 250 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "2.64",
"description": "Co Terbinafine 250 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "2.64",
"description": "Mylan-Terbinafine 250 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "2.64",
"description": "Novo-Terbinafine 250 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "2.64",
"description": "Pms-Terbinafine 250 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "2.64",
"description": "Sandoz Terbinafine 250 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "4.79",
"description": "Lamisil 250 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "13.19",
"description": "Terbinafine hcl 250 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "14.22",
"description": "Lamisil 250 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "17.99",
"description": "Terbinafine HCl 1% Cream 24 gm Tube",
"unit": "tube"
},
{
"cost": "42.84",
"description": "Terbinafine hcl powder",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "88.18",
"description": "LamISIL 1% Solution 30ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "202.16",
"description": "LamISIL 14 187.5 mg Packets Packet",
"unit": "packet"
},
{
"cost": "0.05",
"description": "Lamisil af defense 1% powder",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "0.07",
"description": "Lamisil antifungal 1% spray",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.2",
"description": "Lamisil af defense crm to powd",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "0.27",
"description": "Athlete's 1% foot cream",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "0.4",
"description": "CVS Pharmacy athlete's foot 1% cream",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "0.49",
"description": "CVS Pharmacy jock itch 1% cream",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "0.51",
"description": "Lamisil at 1% cream",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "0.53",
"description": "Sm athlete's 1% foot cream",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "0.57",
"description": "Lamisil 1 % Cream",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "0.58",
"description": "Lamisil 1 % Solution",
"unit": "g"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "1997-10-28",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2015-04-28",
"number": "5681849"
},
{
"approved": "1999-01-05",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2012-05-18",
"number": "5856355"
},
{
"approved": "2004-05-11",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2012-03-05",
"number": "2062341"
},
{
"approved": "2002-12-17",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2012-05-19",
"number": "2068957"
}
] |
(E)-N-(6,6-Dimethyl-2-hepten-4-ynyl)-N-methyl-1-naphthalene methanamine | (E)-N-(6,6-Dimethyl-2-hepten-4-ynyl)-N-methyl-1-naphthalenemethylamine | Terbinafina | Terbinafine | Terbinafinum | 1.14.14.17 | SE | Squalene epoxidase | 1.14.14.17 | ERG1 | SE | Squalene epoxidase | 1.14.99.1 | COX-1 | COX1 | Cyclooxygenase-1 | PGH synthase 1 | PGHS-1 | PHS 1 | Prostaglandin H2 synthase 1 | Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 | 1.14.14.- | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2DL1 | CYPIID6 | Cytochrome P450-DB1 | Debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase | (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2C10 | CYPIIC9 | Cytochrome P-450MP | Cytochrome P450 MP-4 | Cytochrome P450 MP-8 | Cytochrome P450 PB-1 | S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | 1.14.14.1 | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYPIA2 | Cytochrome P(3)450 | Cytochrome P450 4 | Cytochrome P450-P3 | Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIC8 | Cytochrome P450 form 1 | Cytochrome P450 IIC2 | Cytochrome P450 MP-12 | Cytochrome P450 MP-20 | S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIC17 | CYPIIC19 | Cytochrome P450-11A | Cytochrome P450-254C | Fenbendazole monooxygenase (4'-hydroxylating) | Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | AGP 1 | AGP1 | OMD 1 | Orosomucoid-1 | AGP 2 | AGP2 | OMD 2 | Orosomucoid-2 | Multidrug resistance protein 2
|
[
"Act Terbinafine",
"Antifungal",
"Antifungal Foot",
"Apo-terbinafine",
"Athletes Foot",
"Athletes Foot",
"Athletes Foot",
"Athletes Foot",
"Athletes Foot",
"Athletes Foot",
"Athletes Foot",
"Athletes Foot",
"Athletes Foot",
"Athletes Foot",
"Athletes Foot",
"Auro-terbinafine",
"Auro-terbinafine",
"Ciclopirox 8% / Fluconazole 1% / Terbinafine HCl 1%",
"Curist Antifungal Relief",
"Cvs",
"CVS Pharmacy Athletes Foot",
"Dom-terbinafine",
"equate Athletes Foot",
"Fluconazole 4% / Ibuprofen 2% / Itraconazole 1% / Terbinafine HCl 4%",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy",
"GoodSense Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Jamp-terbinafine",
"KAISER PERMANENTE Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Kroger Antifungal",
"Lamisil",
"Lamisil",
"Lamisil",
"Lamisil",
"Lamisil",
"Lamisil",
"Lamisil",
"Lamisil At",
"Lamisil AT",
"Lamisil At",
"Lamisil At",
"Lamisil AT",
"Lamisil AT",
"Lamisil AT",
"Lamisil At",
"Lamisil At Antifungal",
"LAMISIL AT Continuous",
"LAMISIL AT Continuous",
"Lamisil AT Cream",
"Lamisil AT Cream",
"Lamisil AT for Jock Itch",
"Lamisil AT Jock Itch",
"Lamisil At Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Lamisil Dermgel",
"Live Better Antifungal",
"Mylan-terbinafine",
"Nu-terbinafine",
"Onycho-Med",
"PHL-terbinafine",
"PMS-terbinafine",
"PMS-terbinafine",
"PMS-terbinafine Cream",
"PMS-terbinafine Spray",
"Preferred Plus",
"Q-terbinafine",
"Riva-terbinafine",
"Sandoz-terbinafine",
"Shopko Athletes Foot",
"ShopRite",
"Silka Antifungal",
"Silka Gel",
"Silka Gel",
"Silka Jock Itch",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine",
"Terbinafine HCl 5%",
"Terbinafine HCl Chlortimazole and Tolnaftate",
"Terbinafine HCl Ciclopirox",
"Terbinafine Hydochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine Hydrochloride",
"Terbinafine-250",
"Terbinex",
"Teva-terbinafine",
"Teva-terbinafine",
"Walgreens Athletes Foot"
] |
[
"Lamasil"
] |
[
"Fluconazole 4% / Ibuprofen 2% / Itraconazole 1% / Terbinafine HCl 4%",
"Ciclopirox 8% / Fluconazole 1% / Terbinafine HCl 1%",
"Terbinafine HCl Ciclopirox",
"Terbinafine HCl Chlortimazole and Tolnaftate",
"Onycho-Med"
] |
[
"Q14534"
] |
[
"P23219",
"P10635",
"P11712",
"P05177",
"P08684",
"P10632",
"P33261"
] |
[
"P02768",
"P02763",
"P19652"
] |
[] |
DB00858
|
Drostanolone
|
Drostanolone (also known as dromostanolone) is a potent synthetic androgenic anabolic steroid similar to testosterone. Drostanolone is indicated in postmenopausal women with recurrent breast cancer, in a combined hormone therapy.
|
solid
| null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Lipids and lipid-like molecules
|
Steroids and steroid derivatives
|
Androstane steroids
|
[
"illicit"
] |
[] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[] |
[] |
17beta-Hydroxy-2alpha-methyl-5alpha-androstan-3-one | 2α-Methyldihydrotestosterone | Dihydro-2α-methyltestosterone | Dromostanolone | Drostanolona | Drostanolone | Drostanolonum | Medrosteron | Medrotestron | Metholone | DHTR | Dihydrotestosterone receptor | NR3C4 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 4 | 1.14.14.14 | ARO1 | CYAR | CYP19 | CYPXIX | Cytochrome P-450AROM | Cytochrome P450 19A1 | Estrogen synthase | ABP | SBP | Sex steroid-binding protein | SHBG | TeBG | Testis-specific androgen-binding protein | Testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin | Testosterone-estrogen-binding globulin
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
"P10275"
] |
[
"P11511"
] |
[
"P04278"
] |
[] |
DB00859
|
Penicillamine
|
Penicillamine is a pharmaceutical of the chelator class. The pharmaceutical form is D-penicillamine, as L-penicillamine is toxic (it inhibits the action of pyridoxine). It is an α-amino acid metabolite of penicillin, although it has no antibiotic properties.
|
solid
|
For treatment of Wilson's disease, cystinuria and active rheumatoid arthritis.
|
Penicillamine is a chelating agent used in the treatment of Wilson's disease. It is also used to reduce cystine excretion in cystinuria and to treat patients with severe, active rheumatoid arthritis unresponsive to conventional therapy. Penicillamine is used as a form of immunosuppression to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Penicillamine inhibits macrophages, decreases IL-1 and the number of T-lymphocytes, and prevents collagen cross linkage. In Wilson's disease it binds copper, allowing it to be eliminated in the urine.
|
Penicillamine is a chelating agent recommended for the removal of excess copper in patients with Wilson's disease. From in vitro studies which indicate that one atom of copper combines with two molecules of penicillamine. Penicillamine also reduces excess cystine excretion in cystinuria. This is done, at least in part, by disulfide interchange between penicillamine and cystine, resulting in formation of penicillamine-cysteine disulfide, a substance that is much more soluble than cystine and is excreted readily. Penicillamine interferes with the formation of cross-links between tropocollagen molecules and cleaves them when newly formed. The mechanism of action of penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis is unknown although it appears to suppress disease activity. Unlike cytotoxic immunosuppressants, penicillamine markedly lowers IgM rheumatoid factor but produces no significant depression in absolute levels of serum immunoglobulins. Also unlike cytotoxic immunosuppressants which act on both, penicillamine in vitro depresses T-cell activity but not B-cell activity.
|
rapidly but incompletely
|
Hepatic
| null |
1 hour
|
>80% (bound to plasma proteins)
|
Excretion is mainly renal, mainly as disulfides.
| null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organic acids and derivatives
|
Carboxylic acids and derivatives
|
Amino acids, peptides, and analogues
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"M01CC",
"M01C",
"M01",
"M"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "2.81",
"description": "Penicillamine powder",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "4.73",
"description": "Depen 250 mg titratab",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "5.63",
"description": "Cuprimine 250 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "8.88",
"description": "Penicillamine(d-) powder",
"unit": "g"
}
] |
[] |
(−)-penicillamine | (S)-2-amino-3-mercapto-3-methylbutanoic acid | (S)-3,3-dimethylcysteine | 3-mercapto-D-valine | D-(−)-penicillamine | D-penicillamine | D-β,β-dimethylcysteine | penicilamina | Penicillamine | Liver-specific organic anion transporter 1 | LST-1 | LST1 | OATP-2 | OATP-C | OATP1B1 | OATP2 | OATPC | Organic anion transporter SLC21A6 | SLC21A6 | SLCO1B1 | Sodium-independent organic anion-transporting polypeptide 2 | Solute carrier family 21 member 6
|
[
"Cuprimine",
"Cuprimine",
"Cuprimine",
"Cuprimine",
"Cuprimine",
"D-Penamine",
"Depen",
"Depen Tab 250mg",
"Penicillamine",
"Penicillamine",
"Penicillamine",
"Penicillamine",
"Penicillamine",
"Penicillamine",
"Penicillamine",
"Penicillamine",
"Penicillamine",
"Penicillamine",
"Penicillamine",
"Penicillamine",
"Penicillamine",
"Penicillamine",
"Penicillamine"
] |
[
"Atamir"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Q9Y6L6"
] |
DB00862
|
Vardenafil
|
Vardenafil is a selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) and an oral therapy for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.[L45563,L45568] During sexual stimulation, nitric oxide (NO) is released from nerve endings and endothelial cells in the corpus cavernosum, activating the enzyme guanylate cyclase and increasing the synthesis of cGMP in the smooth muscle cells of the corpus cavernosum. PDE5 inhibitors, such as vardenafil, inhibit the degradation of cGMP and allow increased blood flow into the penis, resulting in an erection.[A258303,L45563,L45568]. Compared to [sildenafil] and [tadalafil], vardenafil is a more potent inhibitor of PDE5; however, its selectivity for other PDE isoforms is lower than the one detected for tadalafil.[A258318]
The FDA approved the use of vardenafil for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in 2003. Although other PDE5 inhibitors such as [sildenafil] and [tadalafil] have been associated with rare cases of acute liver injury, the use of vardenafil has not been linked to hepatotoxic effects.[A258313] The use of vardenafil as a monotherapy for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension has also been evaluated.[A258308]
|
solid
|
Vardenafil is indicated for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.[L45563,L45568,L45573]
|
Vardenafil is a potent and selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), an enzyme responsible for the degradation of cGMP in the corpus cavernosum. The presence of cGMP in the corpus cavernosum leads to smooth muscle relaxation, an increased inflow of blood and an erection. Therefore, in patients with erectile dysfunction given vardenafil, normal sexual stimulation will increase cGMP levels in the corpus cavernosum. Without sexual stimulation and no cGMP production, vardenafil should not cause an erection.[L45563,L45568]
Vardenafil should not be used in men for whom sexual activity is not recommended due to their underlying cardiovascular status. There is also a risk of developing prolonged erections that last longer than 4 hours, as well as priapism. In the event of a sudden loss of vision in one or both eyes, patients should stop using vardenafil. Patients taking PDE5 inhibitors, such as vardenafil, may also develop sudden hearing loss and experience a prolonged QT interval.[L45563,L45568]
|
Vardenafil inhibits cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), which is responsible for the degradation of cyclic GMP in the corpus cavernosum located around the penis. Penile erection during sexual stimulation is caused by increased penile blood flow resulting from the relaxation of penile arteries and corpus cavernosal smooth muscle. This response is mediated by the release of nitric oxide (NO) from nerve terminals and endothelial cells, which stimulates the synthesis of cyclic GMP in smooth muscle cells. Cyclic GMP causes smooth muscle relaxation and increased blood flow into the corpus cavernosum. The tissue concentration of cyclic GMP is regulated by both the rates of synthesis and degradation via phosphodiesterases (PDEs), and the most abundant PDE in the human corpus cavernosum is PDE5. Therefore, the inhibition of PDE5 by vardenafil enhances erectile function by increasing the amount of cyclic GMP.[L45563]
|
Over the recommended dose range, vardenafil has a dose-proportional pharmacokinetics profile. In healthy male volunteers given a single oral dose of 20 mg of vardenafil, maximum plasma concentrations were reached between 30 minutes and 2 hours (median 60 minutes) after oral dosing in the fasted state, and 0.00018% of the dose was detected in semen 1.5 hours after dosing. Vardenafil has a bioavailability of approximately 15%.[L45563] High-fat meals cause a C<sub>max</sub> reduction of 18%-50%; however, no changes were detected in AUC or T<sub>max</sub>.[L45563,L45568]
|
Vardenafil is mainly metabolized by CYP3A4 in the liver, although CYP3A5 and CYP2C isoforms also contribute to its metabolism. The major circulating metabolite, M1 (N-desethylvardenafil), results from desethylation at the piperazine moiety of vardenafil, and has a plasma concentration of approximately 26% of that of the parent compound. M1 has a phosphodiesterase selectivity profile similar to that of vardenafil and an _in vitro_ inhibitory potency for PDE5 28% of that of vardenafil.[L45563]
|
Healthy male volunteers given a single dose of 120 mg of vardenafil experienced reversible back pain, myalgia and abnormal vision. Patients given vardenafil once daily over 4 weeks in single doses up to 80 mg and multiple doses up to 40 mg did not present serious adverse side effects. Cases of severe back pain were observed when 40 mg of vardenafil was administered twice daily; however patients did not present muscle or neurological toxicity. In cases of overdose, standard supportive measures should be taken as required. Renal dialysis is not expected to accelerate clearance as vardenafil is highly bound to plasma proteins and not significantly eliminated in the urine.[L45563,L45568]
No carcinogenic effects were detected in rats and mice given vardenafil daily for 24 months. Vardenafil was not mutagenic or clastogenic, and did not have an effect in fertility in male and female rats given up to 100 mg/kg/day for 28 days prior to mating in males, and for 14 days prior to mating and through day 7 of gestation in females.[L45563,L45568]
|
Vardenafil and its primary metabolite (M1) have a terminal half-life of 4-5 hours.[L45563]
|
Approximately 95% of vardenafil and its major circulating metabolite is bound to plasma proteins. Their protein binding is reversible and independent of total drug concentrations.[L45563]
|
Vardenafil is excreted as metabolites mainly through feces and urine. Approximately 91-95% of administered oral dose is found in feces, while 2-6% of administered oral dose is found in urine.[L45563]
|
Vardenafil has a steady-state volume of distribution of 208 L.[L45563]
|
Vardenafil has a total body clearance of 56 L/h.[L45563]
|
Organic compounds
|
Benzenoids
|
Benzene and substituted derivatives
|
Benzenesulfonamides
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"G04BE",
"G04B",
"G04",
"G"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "18.66",
"description": "Levitra 2.5 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "19.04",
"description": "Levitra 10 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "19.04",
"description": "Levitra 20 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "19.04",
"description": "Levitra 5 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "2002-12-03",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2018-10-31",
"number": "2309332"
},
{
"approved": "2002-03-26",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2018-10-31",
"number": "6362178"
},
{
"approved": "2010-04-13",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2018-10-31",
"number": "7696206"
},
{
"approved": "2012-09-25",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2027-07-23",
"number": "8273876"
},
{
"approved": "2014-09-23",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2023-07-03",
"number": "8841446"
},
{
"approved": "2013-12-24",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2028-12-23",
"number": "8613950"
}
] |
Vardénafil | Vardenafil | Vardenafilo | Vardenafilum | 3.1.4.35 | CGB-PDE | cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase | PDE5 | 3.1.4.35 | GMP-PDE gamma | PDEG | 3.1.4.35 | GMP-PDE gamma | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIIA5 | Cytochrome P450-PCN3 | (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2C10 | CYPIIC9 | Cytochrome P-450MP | Cytochrome P450 MP-4 | Cytochrome P450 MP-8 | Cytochrome P450 PB-1 | S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIC8 | Cytochrome P450 form 1 | Cytochrome P450 IIC2 | Cytochrome P450 MP-12 | Cytochrome P450 MP-20 | S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIC17 | CYPIIC19 | Cytochrome P450-11A | Cytochrome P450-254C | Fenbendazole monooxygenase (4'-hydroxylating) | Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | 1.14.14.- | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2DL1 | CYPIID6 | Cytochrome P450-DB1 | Debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase | ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 | MDR1 | Multidrug resistance protein 1 | P-glycoprotein 1 | PGY1 | Phospholipid transporter ABCB1
|
[
"Ag-vardenafil",
"Ag-vardenafil",
"Ag-vardenafil",
"Apo-vardenafil",
"Apo-vardenafil",
"Apo-vardenafil",
"Jamp-vardenafil",
"Jamp-vardenafil",
"Jamp-vardenafil",
"Jamp-vardenafil ODT",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Levitra",
"Mylan-vardenafil",
"Mylan-vardenafil",
"Mylan-vardenafil",
"Staxyn",
"Staxyn",
"Staxyn",
"Staxyn",
"Vardenafil",
"Vardenafil",
"Vardenafil",
"Vardenafil",
"Vardenafil",
"Vardenafil",
"Vardenafil",
"Vardenafil",
"Vardenafil",
"Vardenafil",
"Vardenafil",
"Vardenafil",
"Vardenafil",
"Vardenafil",
"Vardenafil",
"Vardenafil",
"Vardenafil hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vardenafil Hydrochloride",
"Vivanza",
"Vivanza",
"Vivanza",
"Vivanza",
"Vivanza",
"Vivanza",
"Vivanza",
"Vivanza",
"Vivanza",
"Vivanza",
"Vivanza",
"Vivanza",
"Vivanza",
"Vivanza",
"Vivanza",
"Vivanza"
] |
[
"Levitra",
"Staxyn"
] |
[] |
[
"O76074",
"P18545",
"Q13956"
] |
[
"P08684",
"P20815",
"P11712",
"P10632",
"P33261",
"P10635"
] |
[] |
[
"P08183"
] |
DB00863
|
Ranitidine
|
Ranitidine is a commonly used drug, classified as a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, and belongs to the same drug class as [cimetidine] and [famotidine]. This drug helps to prevent and treat gastric-acid associated conditions, including ulcers, because of its ability to decrease gastric acid secretion.[A176759,L10818] Ranitidine is often referred to as Zantac, and is available in various forms, including tablet, injection, and effervescent tablet preparations.[L10818,F4253]
The prevalence of GERD is thought to be 10-20% in western countries.[A176843] Ranitidine has proven to be an effective treatment for relieving uncomfortable symptoms of gastric acid associated conditions and is therefore widely used in GERD and other gastric-acid related conditions.[A176849,L10818]
|
solid
|
This drug is used alone or with concomitant antacids for the following conditions: short-term treatment of active duodenal ulcer, treating gastric acid hypersecretion due to Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, systemic mastocytosis, and other conditions that may pathologically raise gastric acid levels. It also used in the short term treatment of active benign gastric ulcers and maintenance therapy of gastric ulcers at a reduced dose. In addition to the above, ranitidine can be used for the treatment of GERD symptoms, treatment of erosive esophagitis (endoscopically diagnosed) and the maintenance of gastric or duodenal ulcer healing.[L10818,L10821]
|
Ranitidine decreases the secretion of gastric acid stimulated by food and drugs. It also reduces the secretion of gastric acid in hypersecretory conditions such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.[A176852,L10818] Marked improvements in the appearance of the esophageal tissues have been observed by endoscopic imaging after ranitidine therapy.[A176849,L10818]
|
After a meal, the hormone gastrin, produced by cells in the lining of the stomach, stimulates the release of histamine, which then binds to histamine H2 receptors, leading to the secretion of gastric acid. Ranitidine reduces the secretion of gastric acid by reversible binding to histamine (H2) receptors, which are found on gastric parietal cells. This process leads to the inhibition of histamine binding to this receptor, causing the reduction of gastric acid secretion. The relief of gastric-acid related symptoms can occur as soon as 60 minutes after administration of a single dose, and the effects can last from 4-10 hours, providing fast and effective symptomatic relief.[A176774,T533,L10818]
|
Ranitidine is rapidly absorbed with peak concentrations reached within 1-3 hours after administration, and varying greatly among patients. Bioavailability is about 50%-60% due to hepatic metabolism.[A188817,L10923] In a pharmacokinetic study of healthy males, the AUC 0-infinity was about
2,488.6 ng x h/mL and the median Tmax was 2.83 hours.[A188829] Food or antacids have limited effects on absorption. One clinical study found that the administration of a potent antacid (150 mmol) in subjects in the fasted state led to decreased absorption of ranitidine.[L10818]
|
The major metabolite in the urine is N-oxide, which represents less than 4% of the dose. Other metabolites of ranitidine include S-oxide (1%) and desmethyl ranitidine (1%).[L10818,L10923] The feces contain the remainder of the excreted ranitidine dose. Liver dysfunction has been shown to cause small, but clinically insignificant, changes in various ranitidine pharmacokinetic parameters.[L10818]
|
Oral doses of 1,000 mg/kg in mice and rats were not found to be lethal. Intravenous LD50 values in mice and rats were 77 and 83 mg/kg, respectively.[L10821]
Overdose information
There has been limited experience with ranitidine overdose. Reported acute ingestions of up to 18 grams orally were followed by temporary adverse effects similar to the normal adverse effects of this drug, including tachycardia, bradycardia, dizziness, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting, among other effects.[L10821] Gait abnormalities and hypotension have also been observed. When an overdose with ranitidine is suspected, remove unabsorbed ranitidine from the gastrointestinal tract if possible, and monitor the patient and provide supportive therapy as required.[L10818,L10923]
|
The elimination half-life or ranitidine is about 2.5-3 hours.[A188817,L10818] It may be longer after oral administration versus injection.[A188817] The plasma half-life is longer for elderly patients population due to a decrease in renal function, and is measured at 3-4 hours.[A188817,L10818]
|
The plasma protein binding of ranitidine is approximately 15%.[A188817,L10818]
|
This drug is mainly excreted in the urine but also excreted in the feces.[A188817,L10923] About 30% of a single oral dose has been measured in the urine as unchanged drug within 24 hours of ingestion.[L10818]
|
The volume of distribution is higher than body volume, and measures at approximately 1.4 L/kg.[A188817,L10818] It concentrates in breast milk, but does not readily distribute into the cerebrospinal fluid.[A188817]
|
Renal clearance is about 410 mL/min according to FDA prescribing information.[L10818] Another resource mentions a plasma clearance of approximately 600 ml/min.[A188817] Clearance is decreased in the elderly and those with impaired or hepatic renal function.[A188817,L10818] It is recommended to decrease the dose of ranitidine by one-half in patients with renal impairment.[L10818]
| null | null | null | null |
[
"approved",
"withdrawn"
] |
[
"A02BA",
"A02B",
"A02",
"A",
"A02BA",
"A02B",
"A02",
"A"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.0",
"description": "Ranitidine HCl 15 mg/ml Syrup",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "1.26",
"description": "Ranitidine 25 mg/ml",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "1.48",
"description": "Ranitidine 150 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.54",
"description": "Ranitidine HCl 150 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.58",
"description": "Ranitidine HCl 150 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "1.58",
"description": "Zantac 25 mg/ml",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "2.0",
"description": "Ranitidine hcl 25 mg/ml vial",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "2.0",
"description": "Zantac 25 mg/ml vial",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "2.69",
"description": "Ranitidine 300 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "2.79",
"description": "Ranitidine HCl 300 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "2.85",
"description": "Ranitidine HCl 300 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "3.11",
"description": "Zantac 150 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "4.02",
"description": "Zantac 25 efferdose tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "4.18",
"description": "Zantac EFFERdose 25 mg Effervescent Tabs",
"unit": "tab"
},
{
"cost": "5.2",
"description": "Ranitidine hcl powder",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "7.96",
"description": "Zantac 300 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.07",
"description": "Qc ranitidine 75 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.11",
"description": "Acid reducer 75 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.11",
"description": "CVS Pharmacy acid reducer 75 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.12",
"description": "Apo-Ranitidine 15 mg/ml Solution",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.12",
"description": "Novo-Ranidine 15 mg/ml Solution",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.15",
"description": "CVS Pharmacy ranitidine 75 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.19",
"description": "Novo-Ranidine 150 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.19",
"description": "Phl-Ranitidine 150 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.19",
"description": "Sandoz Ranitidine 150 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.19",
"description": "Zantac 150 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.2",
"description": "Acid reducer 150 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.2",
"description": "Wal-zan 75 tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.22",
"description": "Ranitidine hcl 75 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.22",
"description": "Sm acid reducer 75 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.23",
"description": "Zantac 15 mg/ml Solution",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.27",
"description": "Wal-zan 75 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.28",
"description": "Zantac 75 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.38",
"description": "Novo-Ranidine 300 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.38",
"description": "Phl-Ranitidine 300 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.38",
"description": "Sandoz Ranitidine 300 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.38",
"description": "Zantac 300 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.42",
"description": "Apo-Ranitidine 150 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.42",
"description": "Co Ranitidine 150 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.42",
"description": "Mylan-Ranitidine 150 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.42",
"description": "Nu-Ranit 150 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.42",
"description": "Pms-Ranitidine 150 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.42",
"description": "Ran-Ranitidine 150 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.42",
"description": "Ratio-Ranitidine 150 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.49",
"description": "Zantac 75 tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.81",
"description": "Zantac 15 mg/ml Syrup",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.82",
"description": "Apo-Ranitidine 300 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.82",
"description": "Co Ranitidine 300 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.82",
"description": "Mylan-Ranitidine 300 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.82",
"description": "Nu-Ranit 300 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.82",
"description": "Pms-Ranitidine 300 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.82",
"description": "Ran-Ranitidine 300 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.82",
"description": "Ratio-Ranitidine 300 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "1992-03-24",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2010-12-20",
"number": "5098715"
},
{
"approved": "1992-04-07",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2009-12-23",
"number": "5102665"
},
{
"approved": "1994-10-18",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2011-10-18",
"number": "1332610"
}
] |
Ranitidina | Ranitidine | Ranitidinum | Gastric receptor I | H2R | HH2R | 3.1.1.7 | AChE | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase | 3.1.1.7 | AChE | 1.14.14.1 | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYPIA2 | Cytochrome P(3)450 | Cytochrome P450 4 | Cytochrome P450-P3 | Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase | 1.14.14.- | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2DL1 | CYPIID6 | Cytochrome P450-DB1 | Debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase | hOCT1 | OCT1 | Organic cation transporter 1 | ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 | MDR1 | Multidrug resistance protein 1 | P-glycoprotein 1 | PGY1 | Phospholipid transporter ABCB1 | hOAT3 | OAT3 | Organic anion/dicarboxylate exchanger | Solute carrier family 22 member 8 | hOCT2 | OCT2 | Organic cation transporter 2
|
[
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"Acid Reducer",
"Acid Reducer",
"Acid Reducer 150",
"Acid Reducer 150",
"Acid Reducer 150",
"Acid Reducer 150",
"Acid Reducer 75",
"Acid Reducer 75",
"Acid Reducer Maximum Strength",
"Acid Reducer Maximum Strength",
"Acid Reducer Maximum Strength",
"Acid Reducer Maximum Strength",
"Acid Reducer Maximum Strength",
"Acid Reducer Maximum Strength Non-prescription",
"Acid Reducer Regular Strength",
"Acid Relief",
"Acid Relief",
"Acid Relief",
"Acid Relief",
"Acid Relief",
"Acid Relief",
"Act Ranitidine",
"Act Ranitidine",
"Ag-ranitidine",
"Ag-ranitidine",
"Apo-ranitidine",
"Apo-ranitidine Tablet 150mg",
"Apo-ranitidine Tablet 300mg",
"Aptidine 75",
"Basic Care Acid Reducer",
"Basic Care Acid Reducer 150",
"Basic Care Acid Reducer 75",
"Bci Ranitidine",
"Bci Ranitidine",
"Being Well Heartburn Relief",
"Being Well Heartburn Relief Acid Reducer",
"Berkley and Jensen Acid Reducer",
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"Berkley and Jensen Ranitidine",
"Berkley and Jensen Ranitidine",
"Care One Acid Reducer",
"Careone Acid Reducer",
"Careone Acid Reducer",
"CareOne Acid Reducer",
"CareOne Acid Relief",
"CareOne Acid Relief",
"Cool Mint Acid Reducer",
"Deprizine",
"Deprizine",
"DeramsilkRx Anodynexa Pak",
"DermacinRx Inflammatral Pak",
"Dg Health Acid Reducer",
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"DG Health Acid Reducer",
"DG Health Acid Reducer Maximum Strength",
"Dg Health Heartburn Relief",
"Dom-ranitidine",
"Dom-ranitidine",
"Equaline",
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"Exchange Select Acid Reducer",
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"Family Wellness acid reducer",
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"FormuCare Ranitidine",
"Gabitidine",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Acid Control",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy acid control",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Acid Control",
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"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Acid Control 150 Maximum Strength",
"Good Sense Acid Reducer",
"Good Sense Acid Reducer",
"Good Sense Acid Reducer",
"Good Sense Acid Reducer",
"Good Sense Acid Reducer",
"Harris Teeter Acid Reducer",
"Harris Teeter Acid Reducer 150",
"Health Mart Acid Reducer",
"Health Mart Acid Reducer",
"Health Mart Acid Reducer",
"Health Mart acid reducer",
"Health Mart Acid Reducer",
"Healthy Accents Ranitidine",
"Healthy Accents Ranitidine",
"Heartburn Relief",
"Heartburn Relief",
"Heartburn Relief",
"Heartburn Relief",
"Heartburn Relief",
"Heartburn Relief",
"Heartburn Relief",
"Heartburn Relief 150",
"Heartburn Relief 150",
"Heartburn Relief 150 Maximum Strength",
"Heartburn Relief Acid Reducer",
"Heartburn Relief Maximum Strength",
"Heartburn Relief Maximum Strength",
"HEARTBURN RELIEVER 150 Maximum Strength",
"HEARTBURN RELIEVER 75 Regular Strength",
"Heratburn Relief",
"Inflammation Reduction Pack",
"Jamp-ranitidine",
"Jamp-ranitidine",
"Kirkland Signature Acid Reducer",
"Leader Acid Control",
"Leader Acid Control",
"Leader Acid Control",
"Leader Acid Control",
"Leader Acid Control",
"Leader Acid Control",
"Leader Acid Control",
"Leader Acid Control Acid Reducer",
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"Leader Ranitidine",
"M-ranitidine",
"M-ranitidine",
"Major Ranitidine Maximum Strength",
"Mar-ranitidine",
"Mar-ranitidine",
"Maximum Strength",
"Maximum Strength Acid Reducer",
"Maximum Strength Acid Reducer",
"Maximum Strength Acid Reducer Without Prescription",
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"Maximum Strength Ranitidine",
"Maximum Strength Ranitidine",
"Maximum Strength Ranitidine",
"Maximum Strength Ranitidine",
"Maximum Strength Ranitidine",
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"Maximum Strength Ranitidine",
"Maximum Strength Zantac",
"Maximum Strength Zantac",
"Med Ranitidine Tablets 150mg",
"Medique Medi-Acid Reducer 150",
"Mint-ranitidine",
"Mint-ranitidine",
"Myl-ranitidine",
"Myl-ranitidine",
"Mylan-ranitidine",
"Mylan-ranitidine",
"Nu-ranit Tab 150mg",
"Nu-ranit Tab 300mg",
"PHL-ranitidine",
"PHL-ranitidine",
"PMS-ranitidine 150 mg",
"PMS-ranitidine 300 mg",
"Priva-ranitidine",
"Priva-ranitidine",
"Pylorid",
"Ran-ranitidine",
"Ran-ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
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"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
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"Ranitidine",
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"Ranitidine",
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"Ranitidine",
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"Ranitidine",
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"Ranitidine",
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"Ranitidine",
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"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
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"Ranitidine",
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"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
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"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
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"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
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"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine",
"Ranitidine - Acid Reducer",
"Ranitidine 150",
"Ranitidine 150",
"Ranitidine 150",
"Ranitidine 150",
"Ranitidine 150",
"Ranitidine 150",
"Ranitidine 150 Cool Mint",
"Ranitidine 150 mg",
"Ranitidine 150 mg",
"Ranitidine 300 mg",
"Ranitidine 75",
"Ranitidine 75",
"Ranitidine 75",
"Ranitidine 75",
"Ranitidine 75",
"Ranitidine 75",
"Ranitidine 75 mg",
"Ranitidine Acid Reducer",
"Ranitidine cool mint",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride",
"Ranitidine Hydrochloride Oral Suspension Kit",
"Ranitidine Immediate release",
"Ranitidine Immediate release",
"Ranitidine Immediate release",
"Ranitidine Immediate release",
"Ranitidine Immediate release",
"Ranitidine Immediate release",
"Ranitidine Immediate release",
"Ranitidine Immediate release",
"Ranitidine Immediate release",
"Ranitidine Immediate release",
"Ranitidine Immediate release",
"Ranitidine Immediate release",
"Ranitidine Immediate release",
"Ranitidine Immediate release",
"Ranitidine Immediate release",
"Ranitidine Immediate release",
"Ranitidine Immediate release",
"Ranitidine Immediate release",
"Ranitidine Immediate release",
"Ranitidine Immediate release",
"Ranitidine Injection USP",
"Ranitidine Non Prescription",
"Ranitidine Tablets",
"Ranitidine Tablets",
"Ranitidine Tablets 150mg",
"Ranitidine Tablets 300mg",
"Ratio-ranitidine",
"Ratio-ranitidine",
"Regular Strength Acid Reducer",
"Regular Strength Acid Reducer",
"Regular Strength Acid Reducer",
"Regular Strength Acid Reducer",
"Rexall Heartburn Relief",
"Riva-ranitidine 150",
"Riva-ranitidine 300",
"Riva-ranitidine 75mg",
"Rx Act Heartburn Relief",
"Sandoz Ranitidine",
"Sandoz Ranitidine",
"Scheinpharm Ranitidine 150 mg",
"Scheinpharm Ranitidine 300 mg",
"Sentradine",
"ShopRite Acid Reducer",
"ShopRite Acid Reducer",
"ShopRite Acid Reducer Maximum Strength",
"Signature Care Acid Control",
"Signature Care Acid Control",
"Signature Care Acid Control",
"Smart Sense Acid Reducer",
"Smart Sense Acid Reducer",
"Smart Sense Acid Reducer",
"Smart Sense Ranitidine",
"Smart Sense Ranitidine",
"Smart Sense Ranitidine",
"Sound Body Acid Reducer 150",
"Sunmark acid reducer",
"Sunmark acid reducer",
"Sunmark acid reducer",
"Sunmark Acid Reducer Maximum Strength",
"Teva-ranitidine",
"Teva-ranitidine",
"Teva-ranitidine Injection",
"Teva-ranitidine Solution",
"TopCare Heartburn Relief",
"TopCare Heartburn Relief 150",
"Topcare Heartburn Relief 150",
"Topcare Heartburn Relief 150",
"Tria-ranitidine 150mg Tablet",
"Tria-ranitidine 300mg Tablet",
"Up and Up Acid Reducer Non Prescription Strength",
"Up and Up Ranitidine",
"Up and Up Ranitidine",
"Up and Up Ranitidine",
"Up and Up Ranitidine",
"Up and Up Ranitidine 150",
"Wal Zan 150",
"Wal Zan 150",
"Wal Zan 75",
"Wal Zan 75",
"Wal Zan Acid Reducer Maximum Strength",
"Wal-Zan",
"Wal-Zan",
"Wal-Zan",
"Wal-Zan",
"Wal-Zan 75",
"Zantac",
"Zantac",
"Zantac",
"Zantac",
"Zantac",
"Zantac",
"Zantac",
"Zantac",
"Zantac",
"Zantac",
"Zantac",
"Zantac",
"Zantac",
"Zantac",
"Zantac",
"Zantac",
"Zantac",
"Zantac",
"Zantac",
"Zantac",
"Zantac",
"Zantac",
"Zantac",
"Zantac",
"Zantac",
"Zantac",
"Zantac 150",
"Zantac 150",
"Zantac 150",
"Zantac 150 Acid Reducer",
"Zantac 150 Maximum Strength",
"Zantac 150 Maximum Strength Cool Mint",
"Zantac 75",
"Zantac 75",
"Zantac 75",
"Zantac 75",
"Zantac 75",
"Zantac 75",
"Zantac 75 Regular Strength",
"ZANTAC EFFERdose",
"Zantac Maximum Strength 150 Cool Mint",
"Zantac Maximum Strength 150 Cool Mint",
"Zantac Maximum Strength Non-prescription",
"Zantac Oral Solution 15mg/ml",
"Zantac Tab 150mg",
"Zantac Tab 300mg",
"Zantac-C Cap 150mg",
"Zantac-C Cap 300mg"
] |
[
"Alquen",
"Gastrolav",
"Gastrosedol",
"Kuracid",
"Ptinolin",
"Raniberl",
"Ranicux",
"Ranidil",
"Ranidin",
"Ranidine",
"Ranidura",
"Ranigast",
"Raniplex",
"Ranisan",
"Ranitab",
"Ranitic",
"Ranitidin",
"Ranitin",
"Ranitine",
"Ranobel",
"Rantacid",
"Ranuber",
"Renatac",
"Sostril",
"Tanidina",
"Toriol",
"Ulcodin",
"Zandid",
"Zantic"
] |
[
"Sentradine",
"Gabitidine",
"DeramsilkRx Anodynexa Pak",
"Inflammation Reduction Pack",
"DermacinRx Inflammatral Pak"
] |
[
"P25021",
"P22303"
] |
[
"P08684",
"P22303",
"P05177",
"P10635"
] |
[] |
[
"O15245",
"P08183",
"Q8TCC7",
"O15244"
] |
DB00864
|
Tacrolimus
|
Tacrolimus (also FK-506 or Fujimycin) is an immunosuppressive drug whose main use is after organ transplant to reduce the activity of the patient's immune system and so the risk of organ rejection. It is also used in a topical preparation in the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis, severe refractory uveitis after bone marrow transplants, and the skin condition vitiligo. It was discovered in 1984 from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis. Tacrolimus is chemically known as a macrolide. It reduces peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity by binding to the immunophilin FKBP-12 (FK506 binding protein) creating a new complex. This FKBP12-FK506 complex inhibits calcineurin which inhibits T-lymphocyte signal transduction and IL-2 transcription.
|
solid
|
Immediate-release formulations of tacrolimus are indicated for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in adult and pediatric patients receiving allogeneic liver, kidney, heart, or lung transplants, in combination with other immunosuppressants.[L8162] Extended-release formulations of tacrolimus are indicated for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in adult and pediatric patients receiving kidney transplants, in combination with other immunosuppressants,[L20034,L41005] and may be used in patients converted from immediate-release formulations.[L41005]
Topical tacrolimus ointment is indicated as second-line therapy for short-term and non-continuous treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in non-immunocompromised adults and children who have failed to respond adequately to other topical treatments or for whom alternative treatments are not advisable.[L3935] Both available strengths are indicated in adult patients, while only the lower strength (0.03%) formulation is indicated in pediatric patients between 2 and 15 years of age.[L3935]
|
Tacrolimus acts by reducing peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity by binding to the immunophilin FKBP-12 (FK506 binding protein) creating a new complex. This inhibits both T-lymphocyte signal transduction and IL-2 transcription. Tacrolimus has similar activity to cyclosporine but rates of rejection are lower with tacrolimus. Tacrolimus has also been shown to be effective in the topical treatment of eczema, particularly atopic eczema. It suppresses inflammation in a similar way to steroids, but is not as powerful. An important dermatological advantage of tacrolimus is that it can be used directly on the face; topical steroids cannot be used on the face, as they thin the skin dramatically there. On other parts of the body, topical steroid are generally a better treatment.
|
The mechanism of action of tacrolimus in atopic dermatitis is not known. While the following have been observed, the clinical significance of these observations in atopic dermatitis is not known. It has been demonstrated that tacrolimus inhibits T-lymphocyte activation by first binding to an intracellular protein, FKBP-12. A complex of tacrolimus-FKBP-12, calcium, calmodulin, and calcineurin is then formed and the phosphatase activity of calcineurin is inhibited. This prevents the dephosphorylation and translocation of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NF-AT), a nuclear component thought to initiate gene transcription for the formation of lymphokines. Tacrolimus also inhibits the transcription for genes which encode IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, GM-CSF, and TNF-, all of which are involved in the early stages of T-cell activation. Additionally, tacrolimus has been shown to inhibit the release of pre-formed mediators from skin mast cells and basophils, and to downregulate the expression of FceRI on Langerhans cells.
|
Absorption of tacrolimus from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration is incomplete and variable. The absolute bioavailability in adult kidney transplant patients is 17±10%; in adults liver transplant patients is 22±6%; in healthy subjects is 18±5%. The absolute bioavailability in pediatric liver transplant patients was 31±24%. Tacrolimus maximum blood concentrations (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC) appeared to increase in a dose-proportional fashion in 18 fasted healthy volunteers receiving a single oral dose of 3, 7, and 10 mg. When given without food, the rate and extent of absorption were the greatest. The time of the meal also affected bioavailability. When given immediately after a meal, mean Cmax was reduced 71%, and mean AUC was reduced 39%, relative to the fasted condition. When administered 1.5 hours following the meal, mean Cmax was reduced 63%, and mean AUC was reduced 39%, relative to the fasted condition.
|
The metabolism of tacrolimus is predominantly mediated by CYP3A4 and secondarily by CYP3A5.[A38786,L8162] Tacrolimus is metabolized into 8 metabolites: 13-demethyl tacrolimus, 31-demethyl tacrolimus, 15-demethyl tacrolimus, 12-hydroxy tacrolimus, 15,31-didemethyl tacrolimus, 13,31-didemethyl tacrolimus, 13,15-didemethyl tacrolimus, and a final metabolite involving O-demethylation and the formation of a fused ring.[A38786] The major metabolite identified in incubations with human liver microsomes is 13-demethyl tacrolimus.[L8162] In in vitro studies, a 31-demethyl metabolite has been reported to have the same activity as tacrolimus.[L8162]
|
Side effects can be severe and include blurred vision, liver and kidney problems (it is nephrotoxic), seizures, tremors, hypertension, hypomagnesemia, diabetes mellitus, hyperkalemia, itching, insomnia, confusion. LD<sub>50</sub>=134-194 mg/kg (rat).
|
The elimination half life in adult healthy volunteers, kidney transplant patients, liver transplants patients, and heart transplant patients are approximately 35, 19, 12, 24 hours, respectively. The elimination half life in pediatric liver transplant patients was 11.5±3.8 hours, in pediatric kidney transplant patients was 10.2±5.0 (range 3.4-25) hours.
|
~99% bound to human plasma protein, primarily to albumin and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein. This is independent of concentration over a range of 5-50 ng/mL.
|
In man, less than 1% of the dose administered is excreted unchanged in urine. When administered IV, fecal elimination accounted for 92.6±30.7%, urinary elimination accounted for 2.3±1.1%.
|
* 2.6 ± 2.1 L/kg [pediatric liver transplant patients]
* 1.07 ± 0.20 L/kg [patients with renal impairment, 0.02 mg/kg/4 hr dose, IV]
* 3.1 ± 1.6 L/kg [Mild Hepatic Impairment, 0.02 mg/kg/4 hr dose, IV]
* 3.7 ± 4.7 L/kg [Mild Hepatic Impairment, 7.7 mg dose, PO]
* 3.9 ± 1.0 L/kg [Severe hepatic impairment, 0.02 mg/kg/4 hr dose, IV]
* 3.1 ± 3.4 L/kg [Severe hepatic impairment, 8 mg dose, PO]
|
* 0.040 L/hr/kg [healthy subjects, IV]
* 0.172 ± 0.088 L/hr/kg [healthy subjects, oral]
* 0.083 L/hr/kg [adult kidney transplant patients, IV]
* 0.053 L/hr/kg [adult liver transplant patients, IV]
* 0.051 L/hr/kg [adult heart transplant patients, IV]
* 0.138 ± 0.071 L/hr/kg [pediatric liver transplant patients]
* 0.12 ± 0.04 (range 0.06-0.17) L/hr/kg [pediatric kidney transplant patients]
* 0.038 ± 0.014 L/hr/kg [patients with renal impairment, 0.02 mg/kg/4 hr dose, IV]
* 0.042 ± 0.02 L/hr/kg [Mild Hepatic Impairment, 0.02 mg/kg/4 hr dose, IV]
* 0.034 ± 0.019 L/hr/kg [Mild Hepatic Impairment, 7.7 mg dose, PO]
* 0.017 ± 0.013 L/hr/kg [Severe hepatic impairment, 0.02 mg/kg/4 hr dose, IV]
* 0.016 ± 0.011 L/hr/kg [Severe hepatic impairment, 8 mg dose, PO]
|
Organic compounds
|
Phenylpropanoids and polyketides
|
Macrolide lactams
| null |
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[
"D11AH",
"D11A",
"D11",
"D",
"L04AD",
"L04A",
"L04",
"L"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "2.23",
"description": "Tacrolimus anhydrous 0.5 mg cap",
"unit": "each"
},
{
"cost": "2.43",
"description": "Prograf 0.5 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "4.09",
"description": "Protopic 0.03% ointment",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "4.17",
"description": "Protopic 0.1% ointment",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "4.46",
"description": "Tacrolimus anhydrous 1 mg cap",
"unit": "each"
},
{
"cost": "4.64",
"description": "Tacrolimus 1 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "4.85",
"description": "Prograf 1 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "22.3",
"description": "Tacrolimus anhydrous 5 mg cap",
"unit": "each"
},
{
"cost": "24.26",
"description": "Prograf 5 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "124.42",
"description": "Protopic 0.1% Ointment 30 gm Tube",
"unit": "tube"
},
{
"cost": "132.99",
"description": "Protopic 0.03% Ointment 30 gm Tube",
"unit": "tube"
},
{
"cost": "163.94",
"description": "Prograf 5 mg/ml ampule",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "251.17",
"description": "Protopic 0.03% Ointment 60 gm Tube",
"unit": "tube"
},
{
"cost": "255.34",
"description": "Protopic 0.1% Ointment 60 gm Tube",
"unit": "tube"
},
{
"cost": "2800.0",
"description": "Tacrolimus micronized powder",
"unit": "g"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "1997-09-09",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2014-09-09",
"number": "5665727"
},
{
"approved": "1993-11-09",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2011-02-28",
"number": "5260301"
},
{
"approved": "2002-12-17",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2011-03-01",
"number": "2037408"
},
{
"approved": "1996-07-30",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2013-07-30",
"number": "1338491"
},
{
"approved": "2005-04-26",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2019-03-25",
"number": "6884433"
},
{
"approved": "2003-06-10",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2019-03-25",
"number": "6576259"
},
{
"approved": "2013-10-08",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2019-03-25",
"number": "8551522"
},
{
"approved": "2002-08-27",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2019-03-25",
"number": "6440458"
},
{
"approved": "2015-10-20",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2024-08-30",
"number": "9161907"
},
{
"approved": "2014-11-18",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2024-08-30",
"number": "8889186"
},
{
"approved": "2014-01-07",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2024-08-30",
"number": "8623411"
},
{
"approved": "2013-07-16",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2024-08-30",
"number": "8486993"
},
{
"approved": "2014-11-18",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2024-08-30",
"number": "8889185"
},
{
"approved": "2014-03-04",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2028-05-30",
"number": "8664239"
},
{
"approved": "2013-11-19",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2024-08-30",
"number": "8586084"
},
{
"approved": "2014-04-01",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2028-05-30",
"number": "8685998"
},
{
"approved": "2014-01-07",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2024-08-30",
"number": "8623410"
},
{
"approved": "2013-12-31",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2024-08-30",
"number": "8617599"
},
{
"approved": "2011-08-09",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2024-08-30",
"number": "7994214"
},
{
"approved": "2013-11-26",
"country": "United States",
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"number": "8591946"
},
{
"approved": "2017-01-24",
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"number": "9549918"
},
{
"approved": "2017-09-12",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2024-08-30",
"number": "9757362"
},
{
"approved": "2017-09-19",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2024-08-30",
"number": "9763920"
},
{
"approved": "2019-01-01",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2028-05-30",
"number": "10166190"
},
{
"approved": "2014-02-04",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2028-08-30",
"number": "8644239"
},
{
"approved": "2020-02-04",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2024-08-30",
"number": "10548880"
},
{
"approved": "2020-12-15",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2028-05-30",
"number": "10864199"
},
{
"approved": "2021-09-21",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2028-05-30",
"number": "11123331"
},
{
"approved": "2021-09-07",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2028-05-30",
"number": "11110081"
},
{
"approved": "2021-08-03",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2024-08-30",
"number": "11077096"
},
{
"approved": "2008-05-30",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2028-05-30",
"number": "11419823"
},
{
"approved": "2008-05-30",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2028-05-30",
"number": "12083103"
}
] |
Anhydrous tacrolimus | Tacrolimus | Tacrolimus anhydrous | Tacrolimus, anhydrous | 3.1.3.16 | Calcineurin A alpha | Calmodulin-dependent calcineurin A subunit alpha isoform | CALNA | CAM-PRP catalytic subunit | CNA | CNA alpha | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform | 12 kDa FK506-binding protein | 12 kDa FKBP | 5.2.1.8 | Calstabin-1 | FK506-binding protein 1A | FKBP-12 | FKBP-1A | FKBP1 | FKBP12 | Immunophilin FKBP12 | PPIase FKBP1A | Rotamase | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIIA5 | Cytochrome P450-PCN3 | AGP 1 | AGP1 | OMD 1 | Orosomucoid-1 | ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 | MDR1 | Multidrug resistance protein 1 | P-glycoprotein 1 | PGY1 | Phospholipid transporter ABCB1 | 7.6.2.- | ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 5 | KIAA1888 | Liver-specific organic anion transporter 1 | LST-1 | LST1 | OATP-2 | OATP-C | OATP1B1 | OATP2 | OATPC | Organic anion transporter SLC21A6 | SLC21A6 | SLCO1B1 | Sodium-independent organic anion-transporting polypeptide 2 | Solute carrier family 21 member 6
|
[
"Ach-tacrolimus",
"Ach-tacrolimus",
"Ach-tacrolimus",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Advagraf",
"Apo-tacrolimus",
"Apo-tacrolimus",
"Apo-tacrolimus",
"Apo-tacrolimus Capsules",
"Apo-tacrolimus Capsules",
"Astagraf XL",
"Astagraf XL",
"Astagraf XL",
"Envarsus",
"Envarsus",
"Envarsus",
"Envarsus",
"Envarsus",
"Envarsus",
"Envarsus",
"Envarsus",
"Envarsus",
"Envarsus Pa",
"Envarsus Pa",
"Envarsus Pa",
"Envarsus XR",
"Envarsus XR",
"Envarsus XR",
"Envarsus XR",
"Envarsus XR",
"Envarsus XR",
"Hecoria",
"Hecoria",
"Hecoria",
"Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt 1% / Niacinamide 4% / Tacrolimus 0.1%",
"Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt 1% / Tacrolimus 0.1% / Urea 20%",
"Jamp-tacrolimus",
"Jamp-tacrolimus",
"Jamp-tacrolimus",
"Leo Pharma - Tacrolimus",
"Leo Pharma - Tacrolimus",
"Modigraf",
"Modigraf",
"Niacinamide 4% / Tacrolimus 0.03%",
"Niacinamide 4% / Tacrolimus 0.1%",
"Prograf",
"Prograf",
"Prograf",
"Prograf",
"Prograf",
"Prograf",
"Prograf",
"Prograf",
"Prograf",
"Prograf",
"Prograf",
"Prograf",
"Prograf",
"Prograf",
"Protopic",
"Protopic",
"Protopic",
"Protopic",
"Protopic",
"Protopic",
"Protopic",
"Protopic",
"Protopic",
"Protopic",
"Protopic",
"Protopic",
"Protopic",
"Sandoz Tacrolimus",
"Sandoz Tacrolimus",
"Sandoz Tacrolimus",
"Sandoz Tacrolimus XR",
"Sandoz Tacrolimus XR",
"Sandoz Tacrolimus XR",
"Sandoz Tacrolimus XR",
"Sandoz Tacrolimus XR",
"Tacforius",
"Tacforius",
"Tacforius",
"Tacforius",
"Tacforius",
"Tacforius",
"Tacforius",
"Tacforius",
"Tacforius",
"Tacforius",
"Tacforius",
"Tacforius",
"Tacforius",
"Tacforius",
"Tacforius",
"Tacforius",
"Tacforius",
"Tacforius",
"Tacforius",
"Tacforius",
"Tacforius",
"Tacforius",
"Tacforius",
"Tacforius",
"Tacforius",
"Tacforius",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tacrolimus 0.1%",
"Tacrolimus 0.1% In Pseudocatalase",
"Tacrus",
"Taro-tacrolimus",
"Validerm"
] |
[] |
[
"Validerm",
"Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt 1% / Niacinamide 4% / Tacrolimus 0.1%",
"Niacinamide 4% / Tacrolimus 0.1%",
"Niacinamide 4% / Tacrolimus 0.03%",
"Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt 1% / Tacrolimus 0.1% / Urea 20%"
] |
[
"Q08209",
"P62942"
] |
[
"P08684",
"P20815"
] |
[
"P02768",
"P02763"
] |
[
"P08183",
"Q8WWZ7",
"Q9Y6L6"
] |
DB00865
|
Benzphetamine
|
A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222)
|
solid
|
For the management of exogenous obesity as a short term adjunct (a few weeks) in a regimen of weight reduction based on caloric restriction
|
Benzphetamine, a phenylalkylamin, is related to amphetamine both chemically and pharmacologically. It is an anorectic agent indicated in the management of exogenous obesity as a short term adjunct (a few weeks) in a regimen of weight reduction based on caloric restriction. Benzphetamine is a sympathomimetic amine with pharmacologic activity similar to the prototype drugs of this class used in obesity, the amphetamines. Actions include central nervous system stimulation and elevation of blood pressure. Tachyphylaxis and tolerance have been demonstrated with all drugs of this class in which these phenomena have been looked for.
|
The mechanism of action of these drugs is not fully understood, however it may be similar to that of amphetamines. Amphetamines stimulate noepinephrine and dopamine release in nerve endings in the lateral hypothalamic feeding centre, decreasing appetite. This release is mediated by the binding of benzphetamine to centrally located adrenergic receptors.
|
Readily absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract and buccal mucosa. It Is resistant to metabolism by monoamine oxidase.
|
Hepatic. Benzphetamine's metabolites include amphetamine and methamphetamine.
|
LD<sub>50</sub>=160 mg/kg (orally in rats). Acute overdosage may result in restlessness, tremor, tachypnea, confusion, assaultiveness, and panic states.
|
16 to 31 hours
|
75-99%
| null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Benzenoids
|
Benzene and substituted derivatives
|
Phenethylamines
|
[
"approved",
"illicit"
] |
[] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.43",
"description": "Benzphetamine hcl 50 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.71",
"description": "Didrex 50 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
}
] |
[] |
(+)-benzphetamine | (+)-N-benzyl-N,α-dimethylphenethylamine | (+)-N,α-dimethyl-N-(phenylmethyl)-benzeneethanamine | (S)-(+)-benzphetamine | (S)-(+)-N-benzyl-N,α-dimethylphenethylamine | (S)-benzphetamine | (αS)-N,α-dimethylphenethylamine | Benzaphetamine | Benzfetamina | Benzfetamine | Benzfetaminum | Benzphetamine | Benzylamphetamine | d-N-methyl-N-benzyl-β-phenylisopropylamine | N-methyl-1-phenyl-N-(phenylmethyl)propan-2-amine | Solute carrier family 18 member 2 | SVMT | VAT2 | Vesicular amine transporter 2 | Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 | VMAT2 | ADRA2R | ADRAR | Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor subtype C10 | Alpha-2A adrenoceptor | Alpha-2A adrenoreceptor | Alpha-2AAR | ADRA1C | Alpha-1A adrenoceptor | Alpha-1A adrenoreceptor | Alpha-1C adrenergic receptor | Alpha-adrenergic receptor 1c | DA transporter | DAT | DAT1 | Solute carrier family 6 member 3 | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.13.- | CYPIIB6 | Cytochrome P450 IIB1 | 1.6.2.4 | CPR | CYPOR | P450R
|
[
"Benzphetamine",
"Benzphetamine Hydrochloride",
"Benzphetamine Hydrochloride",
"Benzphetamine Hydrochloride",
"Benzphetamine Hydrochloride",
"Benzphetamine Hydrochloride",
"Benzphetamine Hydrochloride",
"Benzphetamine Hydrochloride",
"Benzphetamine Hydrochloride",
"Benzphetamine Hydrochloride",
"Benzphetamine Hydrochloride",
"Benzphetamine Hydrochloride",
"Benzphetamine Hydrochloride",
"Benzphetamine Hydrochloride",
"Benzphetamine Hydrochloride",
"Benzphetamine Hydrochloride",
"Benzphetamine Hydrochloride",
"Benzphetamine Hydrochloride",
"Benzphetamine Hydrochloride",
"Benzphetamine Hydrochloride",
"Benzphetamine Hydrochloride",
"Benzphetamine Hydrochloride",
"Benzphetamine Hydrochloride",
"Benzphetamine Hydrochloride",
"Benzphetamine Hydrochloride",
"Benzphetamine Hydrochloride",
"Benzphetamine Hydrochloride",
"Benzphetamine Hydrochloride",
"Benzphetamine Hydrochloride",
"Didrex",
"Didrex",
"Didrex",
"Didrex",
"Recede",
"Regimex"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Q05940",
"P08913",
"P35348",
"Q01959"
] |
[
"P08684",
"P20813",
"P16435"
] |
[] |
[] |
DB00866
|
Alprenolol
|
One of the adrenergic beta-antagonists used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent. Alprenolol is no longer marketed by AstraZeneca, but may still be available in generic varieties.
|
solid
|
For the treatment of hypertension, angina, and arrhythmia
|
Alprenolol is a non-selective beta-blocker used in the treatment of hypertension, edema, ventricular tachycardias, and atrial fibrillation. Alprenolol impairs AV node conduction and decreases sinus rate and may also increase plasma triglycerides and decrease HDL-cholesterol levels. Alprenolol is nonpolar and hydrophobic, with low to moderate lipid solubility. Alprenolol has little to no intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and, unlike some other beta-adrenergic blocking agents, alprenolol has little direct myocardial depressant activity and does not have an anesthetic-like membrane-stabilizing action.
|
Alprenolol non-selectively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors mainly in the heart, inhibiting the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine resulting in a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure. Also, with a more minor effect, by binding beta-2 receptors in the juxtaglomerular apparatus, alprenolol inhibits the production of renin, thereby inhibiting angiotensin II and aldosterone production and therefore inhibits the vasoconstriction and water retention due to angiotensin II and aldosterone, respectively.
| null |
Hepatic. One of the active metabolites, 4-OH-alprenolol, is an active beta-blocker.
|
LD<sub>50</sub>=597.0 mg/kg (Orally in rats)
|
2-3 hours
|
80-90%
| null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Benzenoids
|
Phenol ethers
| null |
[
"experimental",
"withdrawn"
] |
[
"C07AA",
"C07A",
"C07",
"C"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[] |
[
{
"approved": "1966-06-17",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "1986-06-17",
"number": "3466376"
}
] |
(RS)-1-(2-allylphenoxy)-3-(isopropylamino)propan-2-ol | 1-(2-Allylphenoxy)-3-isopropylamino-2-propanol | 1-(o-Allylphenoxy)-3-(isopropylamino)-2-propanol | Alfeprol | Alprenolol | Alprénolol | Alprenololum | Aprenololo | ADRB1R | B1AR | Beta-1 adrenoceptor | Beta-1 adrenoreceptor | ADRB2R | B2AR | Beta-2 adrenoceptor | Beta-2 adrenoreceptor | 5-HT-1A | 5-HT1A | ADRB2RL1 | ADRBRL1 | G-21 | Serotonin receptor 1A | ADRB3R | B3AR | Beta-3 adrenoceptor | Beta-3 adrenoreceptor | 1.14.14.- | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2DL1 | CYPIID6 | Cytochrome P450-DB1 | Debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase
|
[] |
[
"Apllobal",
"Aptin",
"Aptine",
"Aptol Duriles",
"Atenenol",
"Elp",
"Gubernal",
"Regletin",
"Skajilol",
"Yobir"
] |
[] |
[
"P08588",
"P07550",
"P08908",
"P13945"
] |
[
"P10635"
] |
[] |
[] |
DB00867
|
Ritodrine
|
Adrenergic beta-agonist used to control premature labor.
|
solid
|
For the treatment and prophylaxis of premature labour
|
Beta-2 adrenergic receptors are located at sympathetic neuroeffector junctions of many organs, including uterus. Ritodrine is beta-2 adrenergic agonist. It stimulates beta-2 adrenergic receptor, increases cAMP level and decreases intracellular calcium concentration. The decrease of calcium concentration leads to a relaxation of uterine smooth muscle and, therefore, a decrease in premature uterine contractions.
|
Ritodrine is beta-2 adrenergic agonist. It binds to beta-2 adrenergic receptors on outer membrane of myometrial cell, activates adenyl cyclase to increase the level of cAMP which decreases intracellular calcium and leads to a decrease of uterine contractions.
| null |
Hepatic, by both the mother and fetus
|
LD<sub>50</sub>=64mg/kg (mice, IV); LD<sub>50</sub>=540 mg/kg (mice, oral); LD<sub>50</sub>=85 mg/kg (rat, IV)
|
1.7-2.6 hours
|
~56%
| null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[
"G02CA",
"G02C",
"G02",
"G"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[] |
[] |
p-Hydroxy-alpha-(1-((p-hydroxyphenethyl)amino)ethyl)benzyl alcohol | Ritodrina | Ritodrine | Ritodrinium | ADRB2R | B2AR | Beta-2 adrenoceptor | Beta-2 adrenoreceptor | ADRB1R | B1AR | Beta-1 adrenoceptor | Beta-1 adrenoreceptor | ADRB2R | B2AR | Beta-2 adrenoceptor | Beta-2 adrenoreceptor | ADRB3R | B3AR | Beta-3 adrenoceptor | Beta-3 adrenoreceptor | ATP-regulated potassium channel ROM-K | Inward rectifier K(+) channel Kir1.1 | Potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J member 1 | ROMK1 | ATP-dependent inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 | Inward rectifier K(+) channel Kir1.2 | Potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J member 10 | IKATP | Inward rectifier K(+) channel Kir6.2 | Potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J member 11 | Inward rectifier K(+) channel Kir2.2 | Inward rectifier K(+) channel Kir2.2v | IRK-2 | IRK2 | KCNJN1 | Potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J member 12 | Inward rectifier K(+) channel Kir2.4 | IRK-4 | IRK4 | Potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J member 14 | Inward rectifier K(+) channel Kir1.3 | Inward rectifier K(+) channel Kir4.2 | KCNJ14 | Potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J member 15 | Inward rectifier K(+) channel Kir6.1 | Potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J member 8 | uKATP-1 | BK channel | BKCA alpha | Calcium-activated potassium channel, subfamily M subunit alpha-1 | hSlo | K(VCA)alpha | KCa1.1 | KCNMA | Maxi K channel | MaxiK | SLO | Slo homolog | Slo-alpha | Slo1 | Slowpoke homolog | BK channel subunit beta-1 | BKbeta | BKbeta1 | Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta | Calcium-activated potassium channel, subfamily M subunit beta-1 | Charybdotoxin receptor subunit beta-1 | Hbeta1 | K(VCA)beta-1 | Maxi K channel subunit beta-1 | Slo-beta | Slo-beta-1 | BK channel subunit beta-2 | BKbeta2 | Calcium-activated potassium channel, subfamily M subunit beta-2 | Charybdotoxin receptor subunit beta-2 | Hbeta2 | Hbeta3 | K(VCA)beta-2 | Maxi K channel subunit beta-2 | Slo-beta-2 | BK channel subunit beta-3 | BKbeta3 | Calcium-activated potassium channel, subfamily M subunit beta-3 | Charybdotoxin receptor subunit beta-3 | Hbeta3 | K(VCA)beta-3 | KCNMB2 | KCNMBL | Maxi K channel subunit beta-3 | Slo-beta-3 | BK channel subunit beta-4 | BKbeta4 | Calcium-activated potassium channel, subfamily M subunit beta-4 | Charybdotoxin receptor subunit beta-4 | Hbeta4 | K(VCA)beta-4 | Maxi K channel subunit beta-4 | Slo-beta-4 | Gardos channel | hIK1 | hKCa4 | hSK4 | IK1 | IKCA1 | KCa3.1 | KCA4 | Putative Gardos channel | SK4 | SKCa 4 | SKCa4 | hSK1 | KCa2.1 | SK | SK1 | SKCa 1 | SKCa1 | KCa2.2 | SK2 | SKCa 2 | SKCa2 | K3 | KCa2.3 | SK3 | SKCa 3 | SKCa3 | 7.2.2.10 | ATP-dependent Ca(2+) pump PMR1 | ATPase 2C1 | Ca(2+)/Mn(2+)-ATPase 2C1 | KIAA1347 | PMR1L | Secretory pathway Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase type 1 | SPCA1 | 7.2.2.10 | ATPase 2C2 | Ca(2+)/Mn(2+)-ATPase 2C2 | KIAA0703 | Secretory pathway Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase type 2 | SPCA2 | 7.2.2.10 | Plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 1 | Plasma membrane calcium pump isoform 1 | PMCA1 | 7.2.2.10 | Plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 2 | Plasma membrane calcium pump isoform 2 | PMCA2 | 7.2.2.10 | Plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 3 | Plasma membrane calcium pump isoform 3 | PMCA3 | 7.2.2.10 | ATP2B2 | Matrix-remodeling-associated protein 1 | MXRA1 | Plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 4 | Plasma membrane calcium pump isoform 4 | PMCA4 | 7.2.2.10 | Calcium pump 1 | Calcium-transporting ATPase sarcoplasmic reticulum type, fast twitch skeletal muscle isoform | Endoplasmic reticulum class 1/2 Ca(2+) ATPase | SERCA1 | SR Ca(2+)-ATPase 1 | 7.2.2.10 | ATP2B | Calcium pump 2 | Calcium-transporting ATPase sarcoplasmic reticulum type, slow twitch skeletal muscle isoform | Endoplasmic reticulum class 1/2 Ca(2+) ATPase | SERCA2 | SR Ca(2+)-ATPase 2 | 2.7.11.18 | Kinase-related protein | KRP | MLCK | MLCK1 | MYLK1 | smMLCK | Telokin | 2.8.2.1 | ST1C4 | Sulfotransferase 1C2 | SULT1C#2 | SULT1C2 | 1.1.1.44 | PGDH | 2.8.2.1 | Aryl sulfotransferase 1 | HAST1/HAST2 | P-PST 1 | Phenol sulfotransferase 1 | Phenol-sulfating phenol sulfotransferase 1 | ST1A1 | ST1A3 | STP | STP1 | Thermostable phenol sulfotransferase | Ts-PST | 2.8.2.1 | Aryl sulfotransferase 1A3/1A4 | Catecholamine-sulfating phenol sulfotransferase | HAST3 | M-PST | Monoamine-sulfating phenol sulfotransferase | Placental estrogen sulfotransferase | ST1A3 | STM | Sulfotransferase 1A3/1A4 | Sulfotransferase, monoamine-preferring | Thermolabile phenol sulfotransferase | TL-PST | 2.8.2.1 | Aryl sulfotransferase 1 | HAST1/HAST2 | P-PST 1 | Phenol sulfotransferase 1 | Phenol-sulfating phenol sulfotransferase 1 | ST1A1 | ST1A3 | STP | STP1 | Thermostable phenol sulfotransferase | Ts-PST | 2.8.2.1 | Aryl sulfotransferase 2 | P-PST 2 | Phenol sulfotransferase 2 | Phenol-sulfating phenol sulfotransferase 2 | ST1A2 | STP2 | 2.8.2.1 | Aryl sulfotransferase 1A3/1A4 | Catecholamine-sulfating phenol sulfotransferase | HAST3 | M-PST | Monoamine-sulfating phenol sulfotransferase | Placental estrogen sulfotransferase | ST1A3 | STM | Sulfotransferase 1A3/1A4 | Sulfotransferase, monoamine-preferring | Thermolabile phenol sulfotransferase | TL-PST | 2.8.2.1 | Aryl sulfotransferase 1A3/1A4 | ST1A4 | Sulfotransferase 1A3/1A4 | 2.8.2.1 | ST1B1 | ST1B2 | Sulfotransferase 1B2 | Sulfotransferase family cytosolic 1B member 1 | SULT1B2 | Thyroid hormone sulfotransferase | 2.8.2.1 | humSULTC2 | ST1C2 | Sulfotransferase 1C1 | SULT1C#1 | SULT1C1 | 2.8.2.1 | 2.8.2.2 | ST1C3 | 2.8.2.1 | ST1C4 | Sulfotransferase 1C2 | SULT1C#2 | SULT1C2 | 2.8.2.2 | Bile salt sulfotransferase | Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase | DHEA-ST | DHEA-ST8 | HST | Hydroxysteroid Sulfotransferase | ST2 | ST2A1 | STD | SULT2A3 | 2.8.2.- | Brain sulfotransferase-like protein | hBR-STL | hBR-STL-1 | Nervous system sulfotransferase | NST | ST4A1 | SULTX3 | ST6B1 | Thyroxine sulfotransferase | 2.8.2.1 | ST1C4 | Sulfotransferase 1C2 | SULT1C#2 | SULT1C2
|
[
"Yutopar Inj 50mg/5ml",
"Yutopar Tab 10mg"
] |
[
"Yutopar"
] |
[] |
[
"P07550",
"P08588",
"P07550",
"P13945",
"P48048",
"P78508",
"Q14654",
"Q14500",
"Q9UNX9",
"Q99712",
"Q15842",
"Q12791",
"Q16558",
"Q9Y691",
"Q9NPA1",
"Q86W47",
"O15554",
"Q92952",
"Q9H2S1",
"Q9UGI6",
"P98194",
"O75185",
"P20020",
"Q01814",
"Q16720",
"P23634",
"O14983",
"P16615",
"Q15746",
"O75897"
] |
[
"P52209",
"P50225",
"P0DMM9",
"P50225",
"P50226",
"P0DMM9",
"P0DMN0",
"O43704",
"O00338",
"Q6IMI6",
"O75897",
"Q06520",
"Q9BR01",
"Q6IMI4",
"O75897"
] |
[] |
[] |
DB00868
|
Benzonatate
|
Benzonatate is an oral antitussive drug used in the relief and suppression of cough in patients older than ten years of age.[A5790] Currently, benzonatate is the only non-narcotic antitussive available as a prescription drug.[A189519] It works to reduce the activity of cough reflex by desensitizing the tissues of the lungs and pleura involved in the cough reflex. Benzonatate was approved by the FDA in 1958 under the market name Tessalon Perles.[A5790] Because its chemical structure resembles that of the anesthetic agents in the para-amino-benzoic acid class (such as [procaine] and [tetracaine]), benzonatate exhibits anesthetic or numbing action.[L11193] Although it not prone to drug misuse or abuse, benzonatate is associated with a risk for severe toxicity and overdose, especially in children.[A189513]
|
liquid
|
Benzonatate is indicated for the symptomatic relief of cough.[L11193]
|
Benzonatate suppresses cough associated with both acute and chronic respiratory conditions. Its works by desensitizing the pulmonary stretch receptors involved in the cough reflex. There are limited clinical trials of benzonatate; however, earlier studies demonstrated inhibition of experimentally-induced cough and subjectively-measured pathological cough by benzonatate.[A189516]
Benzonatate has no inhibitory effects on the respiratory center in recommended dosage. Its onset of action is within 15 to 20 minutes following administration and its duration of effect is about 3 to 8 hours.[L11193]
|
Benzonatate is a local anesthetic drug that acts peripherally by anesthetizing and reducing the activity of vagal stretch receptors or nerve fibres located in the respiratory passages, lungs, and pleura.[A189519,L11193] Once the stretch receptors are stimulated, they send impulses to the cough centre located in the medulla via an afferent pathway consisting of sensory nerve fibres or the vagus nerve. The efferent signal is then generated that sends impulses to the expiratory muscles to produce a cough.[A190270] Anesthetizing these receptors by benzonatate results in the inhibition of the cough reflex activity and cough production.[A189519,L11193] Benzonatate also inhibits the transmission of impulses of the cough reflex in the vagal nuclei of the medulla.[A190267] There are several proposed mechanisms of benzonatate; it is also a potent voltage-gated sodium channel inhibitor.[A189519]
|
Following oral administration, benzonatate enters the systemic circulation via gastrointestinal absorption.[A5790] The Cmax of benzonatate following oral administration of 100 mg in healthy Chinese volunteers was 1063 ± 460 ng/mL.[A190267]
|
Benzonatate is hydrolyzed to the major metabolite 4-(butylamino)benzoic acid (BABA) by plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE).[A189519]
|
The lowest published toxic dose (TDLo) from oral administration in man is 51 mg/kg. The oral LD<sub>50</sub> is 400 mg/kg and the subcutaneous LD<sub>50</sub> is 100 mg/kg in mice.[L11196]
The signs and symptoms of overdose are typically observed within 15 to 20 minutes and can lead to neurological and cardiovascular toxicity, which is related to blocked sodium channels. Intentional and unintentional death from overdose may occur. The risk of overdose is highest in children and toxicity may result from the ingestion of 1 or 2 capsules in this age group.[A5790] If capsules are chewed or dissolved in the mouth, oropharyngeal anesthesia will develop rapidly, which may cause choking and a compromised airway function. Symptoms arising from CNS stimulation include restlessness and tremors, which may lead to clonic convulsions followed by profound CNS depression. Within 1 hour following ingestion, convulsions, coma, cerebral edema and cardiac arrest leading to death have been reported.[L11193]
Evacuation of gastric contents and administration of copious amounts of activated charcoal is advised. It is important to note that cough and gag reflexes may be significantly depressed even in conscious patients with overdose; special attention is needed to protect against aspiration of gastric contents. When intravenously administering short-acting barbiturates to treat convulsions, the dose should be carefully titrated for the smallest effective dose. Overdose should be managed with supportive care with continuous monitoring of neurologic and cardiovascular status. Intensive support of respiration and cardiovascular-renal function should be initiated for severe intoxication.[L11193] Because benzonatate is structurally similar to local anesthetic agents, the use of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy in response to life-threatening cardiovascular collapse is also suggested.[A5790]
|
The half life of benzonatate following oral administration of 100 mg in healthy Chinese volunteers was 1.01 ± 0.41 h.[A190267]
|
There is limited information on the protein binding profile of benzonatate.
|
There is limited information on the route of elimination of benzonatate.
|
There is limited information on the volume of distribution of benzonatate.
|
There is limited information on the clearance of benzonatate.
|
Organic compounds
|
Benzenoids
|
Benzene and substituted derivatives
|
Benzoic acids and derivatives
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"R05DB",
"R05D",
"R05",
"R"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.4",
"description": "Tessalon perle 100 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "1.59",
"description": "Zonatuss 150 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "1.62",
"description": "Tessalon Perles 100 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "2.03",
"description": "Benzonatate 200 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "2.76",
"description": "Tessalon 200 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "0.85",
"description": "Benzonatate 100 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
}
] |
[] |
2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 4-butylaminobenzoate | 2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26-nonaoxaoctacosan-28-yl p-(butylamino)benzoate | 3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27-nonaoxaoctacosyl 4-butylaminobenzoate | 4-(butylamino)benzoic acid 3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27-nonaoxaoctacos-1-yl ester | Benzonatat | Benzonatate | Benzonatato | Benzonatatum | Benzononatine | nonaethyleneglycol monomethyl ether p-n-butylaminobenzoate | p-butylaminobenzoic acid ω-O-methylnonaethyleneglycol ester | hH1 | Sodium channel protein cardiac muscle subunit alpha | Sodium channel protein type V subunit alpha | Voltage-gated sodium channel subunit alpha Nav1.5 | 3.1.1.8 | Acylcholine acylhydrolase | Butyrylcholine esterase | CHE1 | Choline esterase II | Pseudocholinesterase
|
[
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"Tessalon",
"Tessalon",
"Tessalon",
"Zonatuss",
"Zonatuss"
] |
[
"Exangit",
"Tesaperl",
"Tessalon Perles",
"Ventussin"
] |
[] |
[
"Q14524"
] |
[
"P06276"
] |
[] |
[] |
DB00869
|
Dorzolamide
|
Dorzolamide is a non-bacteriostatic sulfonamide derivative [A1304] and topical carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor that treats elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) associated with open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.[L11377] It works by blocking an enzyme in the ciliary process that regulates ion balance and fluid pressure in the eyes.[A1303] Unlike oral CA inhibitors, dorzolamide has negligible effects of acid-base or electrolyte disturbances and other systemic adverse effects.[A1304] First marketed in 1995,[A190624] dorzolamide is available in ophthalmic solutions as monotherapy marketed as Trusopt [L11377] or in combination with [timolol] as Cosopt PF.[L11380]
|
solid
|
Dorzolamide is indicated for the management of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma.[L11377] It can also be used in combination with [timolol] for the same indication in patients who are insufficiently responsive to ophthalmic beta-blockers.[L11380]
Its pre-operative use was also investigated to prevent elevated intraocular pressure after neodynium yttrium aluminum garnet laser posterior capsulotomy.[A190183]
|
Dorzolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that reduces elevated intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. When used in combination with topic beta-adrenergic antagonists, dorzolamide has an additive effect of lowering intraocular pressure. The peak ocular hypotensive effect of dorzolamide is observed at about 2 hours following ophthalmic administration.[A1304]
|
Elevated intraocular pressure is a characteristic manifestation of ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma. The level of intraocular pressure (IOP) is governed by the balance between the production of aqueous humour (by ocular ciliary processes) and its outflow from the anterior segment of the eye via trabecular (conventional) or uveoscleral (unconventional) pathways. When there is an increase in the resistance to the trabecular outflow of aqueous humour, the intraocular pressure is elevated. Subsequently, optic nerve damage can occur from blood flow restrictions and mechanical distortion of ocular structures. Optic nerve damage can further result in optic disc cupping and progressive visual field loss (and blindness in some cases).[A1304]
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a ubiquitous enzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ions and dehydration of carbonic acid.[A1304,L11377] In the ocular ciliary processes, the local production of bicarbonate by CAs promotes sodium and fluid transport. CA-II is a key isoenzyme found primarily in red blood cells (RBCs) that regulates aqueous humour production.[A1304] Dorzolamide is a highly specific CA-II inhibitor, where it displays a 4000-fold higher affinity for carbonic anhydrase II than carbonic anhydrase I.[A1304] The inhibition of CA-II in the ciliary process disrupts the formation of bicarbonate ions and reduces sodium and fluid transport, which leads to decreased aqueous humour secretion and reduced intraocular pressure.[A1304,L11377]
|
Dorzolamide readily penetrated into the eye in animal studies.[A1304] Upon ophthalmic administration, dorzolamide is absorbed via the cornea and stroma.[A1303] Dorzolamide is reported to be absorbed systematically following topical administration.[L11377] The systemic exposure of dorzolamide following long-term administration was assessed in healthy subjects receiving an oral dose of 2 mg dorzolamide twice daily, which equates to the ophthalmic dose of 2% dorzolamide three times daily. In these subjects receiving the treatment for 20 weeks, the steady-state was reached within 8 weeks.[L11377]
|
Dorzolamide is slowly metabolised to N-desethyldorzolamide, which has a less potent pharmacological activity on CA-II and some inhibitory effect on CA-I.[L11377] Like the parent drug, N-desethyldorzolamide is also stored in RBCs, where it binds to CA-I.[A1303,L11377] The findings of an _in vitro_ study using liver microsomes from Sprague-Dawley rats suggest the involvement of CYP2B1, CYP2E1, and CYP3A2 in the metabolism of dorzolamide in rat liver.[A190552]
|
The oral LD<sub>50</sub> of dorzolamide is 1927 mg/kg in rats and 1320 mg/kg in mice. The subcutaneous LD<sub>50</sub> is >2 g/kg in both rats and mice.[L11386]
Overdose may result in electrolyte imbalance, acidosis, and possibly central nervous system effects; these symptoms should be responded with appropriate supportive treatment. It is advised that the patient's serum electrolyte (particularly potassium) levels and blood pH levels are monitored in the case of a suspected overdose.[L11377]
|
As the drug administration is stopped, dorzolamide stored in RBCs is washed out of RBCs in a non-linear fashion,[L11377] with the terminal elimination half-life of ≥120 days in RBCs.[A1304] This initial rapid decline in drug concentrations is followed by the slow elimination phase, where the elimination half-life of the drug is about >4 months.[A1303]
|
Dorzolamide is approximately 33% bound to plasma proteins.[L11377]
|
Dorzolamide is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine; however, N-desethyldorzolamide is also detected in the urine.[L11377]
|
There is limited information on the volume of distribution of dorzolamide; however, the plasma concentrations of dorzolamide and its main metabolite are generally below the assay limit of quantitation, which is 15nM. Dorzolamide accumulates in red blood cells following chronic administration as a result of binding to CA-II, which is contained in peripheral red blood cells (RBCs).[L11377]
|
There is limited information on the clearance rate of dorzolamide.
|
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Thiophenes
|
2,3,5-trisubstituted thiophenes
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"G01AE",
"G01A",
"G01",
"G",
"S01EC",
"S01E",
"S01",
"S"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "3.93",
"description": "Trusopt (Preservative-Free) 2 % Solution",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "3.93",
"description": "Trusopt 2 % Solution",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "6.73",
"description": "Trusopt 2% eye drops",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "6.86",
"description": "Dorzolamide hcl 2% eye drops",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "69.42",
"description": "Dorzolamide HCl 2% Solution 10ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "79.25",
"description": "Trusopt 2% Solution 10ml",
"unit": "bottle"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "1994-05-03",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2011-05-03",
"number": "1329211"
}
] |
(4S,6S)-4-ethylamino-6-methyl-7,7-dioxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-7lambda*6*-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonic acid amide | (4S,trans)-4-(ethylamino)-6-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide | 4-Ethylamino-6-methyl-7,7-dioxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-7lambda*6*-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonic acid amide | 4-ethylamino-6-methyl-7,7-dioxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-7lambda6-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonic acid amide | 4S,6S-dorzolamide | Dorzolamid | Dorzolamida | Dorzolamide | Dorzolamidum | 4.2.1.1 | CA-II | CAC | Carbonate dehydratase II | Carbonic anhydrase C | Carbonic anhydrase II | Cyanamide hydratase CA2 | 4.2.1.1 | CA-IV | Carbonate dehydratase IV | Carbonic anhydrase IV | 4.2.1.1 | CA-I | CAB | Carbonate dehydratase I | Carbonic anhydrase B | Carbonic anhydrase I | Cyanamide hydratase CA1 | 4.2.1.1 | CA-III | Carbonate dehydratase III | Carbonic anhydrase III | (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2C10 | CYPIIC9 | Cytochrome P-450MP | Cytochrome P450 MP-4 | Cytochrome P450 MP-8 | Cytochrome P450 PB-1 | S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | 1.14.14.1 | Cyp2b-1 | CYPIIB1 | Cytochrome P450-B | Cytochrome P450-LM2 | Cytochrome P450-PB1 | Cytochrome P450-PB2 | Cytochrome P450b | 1.14.14.1 | 4-nitrophenol 2-hydroxylase | CYP2E | CYPIIE1 | Cytochrome P450-J | 1.14.14.1 | Cyp3a-2 | Cyp3a11 | CYPIIIA2 | Cytochrome P450-PCN2 | Cytochrome P450/6-beta-A | Testosterone 6-beta-hydroxylase
|
[
"Act Dorzotimolol",
"Ag-dorzolamide Timolol",
"Apo-dorzo-timop",
"Apo-dorzolamide",
"Brim-Dor PF",
"Cosopt",
"Cosopt",
"Cosopt",
"Cosopt",
"Cosopt",
"Cosopt PF",
"Cosopt PF",
"Cosopt PF",
"Cosopt Preservative-free",
"Dorzolamide",
"Dorzolamide",
"Dorzolamide",
"Dorzolamide and Timolol",
"Dorzolamide and Timolol",
"Dorzolamide and Timolol Eye Drops BP",
"Dorzolamide Eye Drops BP",
"Dorzolamide HCl",
"Dorzolamide HCl",
"Dorzolamide HCl",
"Dorzolamide HCl",
"Dorzolamide HCl",
"Dorzolamide HCl /Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide HCl and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide HCl and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide HCl and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride",
"Dorzolamide hydrochloride",
"Dorzolamide hydrochloride",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"DORZOLAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE and TIMOLOL MALEATE",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide hydrochloride and timolol maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate ophthalmic",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate ophthalmic Solution",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate Ophthalmic Solution",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate Ophthalmic Solution",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate ophthalmic Solution",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate Ophthalmic Solution",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate Preservative Free",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride Ophthalmic",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution 2%, 10mL Ophthalmic Solution 2%, 10mL",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride Timolol Maletae",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride-Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride-timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride-Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride-Timolol Maleate Ophthalmic Solution Sterile Ophthalmic Solution",
"Dorzolamide PF",
"Dorzolamide PF",
"Dorzolamide-timolol",
"Dorzolamide-timolol",
"Dorzolamide-timolol",
"Dorzolamide-timolol PF",
"Duokopt",
"Jamp Dorzolamide-timolol",
"Jamp-dorzolamide",
"M-dorzolamide-timolol",
"Med-dorzolamide",
"Med-dorzolamide-timolol",
"Mint-dorzolamide/timolol",
"Mylan-dorzolamide/timolol",
"PMS-dorzolamide-timolol",
"Priva-dorzolamide-timolol",
"Riva-dorzolamide",
"Riva-dorzolamide/timolol",
"Sandoz Dorzolamide",
"Sandoz Dorzolamide/timolol",
"Teva-dorzotimol",
"Tim-Brim-Dor PF",
"Tim-Brim-Dor-Lat",
"Tim-Dor PF",
"Tim-Dor-Lat",
"Trusopt",
"Trusopt",
"Trusopt Preservative-free",
"Van-dorzolamide-timolol"
] |
[] |
[
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Cosopt",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride-Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Cosopt PF",
"Cosopt",
"Dorzolamide HCl and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide HCl /Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride-timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide HCl and Timolol Maleate",
"Cosopt",
"Dorzolamide HCl and Timolol Maleate",
"Tim-Dor PF",
"Tim-Dor-Lat",
"Tim-Brim-Dor-Lat",
"Tim-Brim-Dor PF",
"Brim-Dor PF",
"Cosopt PF",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate Preservative Free",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide and Timolol",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide and Timolol",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"DORZOLAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE and TIMOLOL MALEATE",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride-Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate ophthalmic Solution",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride-Timolol Maleate Ophthalmic Solution Sterile Ophthalmic Solution",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate Ophthalmic Solution",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride Timolol Maletae",
"Teva-dorzotimol",
"Sandoz Dorzolamide/timolol",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate Ophthalmic Solution",
"PMS-dorzolamide-timolol",
"Riva-dorzolamide/timolol",
"Cosopt",
"Cosopt Preservative-free",
"Mylan-dorzolamide/timolol",
"Mint-dorzolamide/timolol",
"Jamp Dorzolamide-timolol",
"Apo-dorzo-timop",
"Med-dorzolamide-timolol",
"Van-dorzolamide-timolol",
"Act Dorzotimolol",
"Dorzolamide and Timolol Eye Drops BP",
"Dorzolamide-timolol",
"Priva-dorzolamide-timolol",
"Dorzolamide-timolol",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Duokopt",
"Ag-dorzolamide Timolol",
"Dorzolamide-timolol",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Cosopt",
"Cosopt PF",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide hydrochloride and timolol maleate",
"M-dorzolamide-timolol",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide-timolol PF",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate ophthalmic",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate ophthalmic Solution",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate",
"Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and Timolol Maleate Ophthalmic Solution"
] |
[
"P00918",
"P22748",
"P00915",
"P07451"
] |
[
"P11712",
"P05181"
] |
[] |
[] |
DB00871
|
Terbutaline
|
Terbutaline was first synthesized in 1966[A230333] and described in the literature in the late 1960s and early 1970s.[A230328] It is a selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator in asthmatic patients.[A230333,L32093,L32098]
Terbutaline was granted FDA approval on 25 March 1974.[L32088]
|
solid
|
Terbutaline is indicated for prevention and reversal of bronchospasm in patients at least 12 years old, with asthma and reversible bronchospasm associated with bronchitis and emphysema.[L32093,L32098]
|
Terbutaline is a beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist indicated to treat reversibly bronchospasm in asthmatic patients with bronchitis and emphysema.[L32093,L32098] It has a short duration as the inhaled form is taken up to three times daily, and the therapeutic window is wide.[L32093,L32098]
|
Terbutaline is a selective beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist.[A230328] Agonism of these receptors in bronchioles activates adenylyl cyclase, increasing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).[A230338] Increased cAMP decreases intracellular calcium, activating protein kinase A, inactivating myosin light-chain kinase, activating myosin light-chain phosphatase, and finally relaxing smooth muscle in the bronchiole.[A230338]
|
A 0.5 mg subcutaneous dose of terbutaline reaches a mean C<sub>max</sub> of 9.6 ± ng/mL, with a median T<sub>max</sub> of 0.5 hours, and a mean AUC of 29.4 ± 14.2 h\*ng/mL.[L32093] A 5 mg oral terbutaline tablet reaches a mean C<sub>max</sub> of 8.3 ± 3.9 ng/mL with a median T<sub>max</sub> of 2 hours, and a mean AUC of 54.6 ± 26.8 h\*ng/mL.[L32098] A 5 mg oral terbutaline solution reaches a mean C<sub>max</sub> of 8.6 ± 3.6 ng/mL, with a median T<sub>max</sub> of 1.5 hours, and a mean AUC of 53.1 ± 23.5 h\*ng/mL.[L32098]
Oral terbutaline has an oral bioavailability of 14-15%.[A229983]
|
Terbutaline is sulphated or glucuronidated prior to elimination.[A229963,A229968,A229973,A230233]
|
Patients experiencing an overdose may present with abdominal pain, agitation, palpitations, seizures, angina, hypertension, hypotension, tachycardia, arrhythmias, nervousness, headache, tremor, dry mouth, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, malaise, insomnia.[A230323,L32093,L32098] Discontinue treatment with terbutaline and initiate symptomatic and supportive therapy.[L32093,L32098]
|
An oral dose of terbutaline has an elimination half life of 3.4 hours,[L32098] while a subcutaneous dose has an elimination half life of 2.9 hours.[L32093]
|
Terbutaline is not highly bound to protein in plasma.[A229983]
|
An oral dose of terbutaline is 40% eliminated in the urine after 72 hours.[A229973] The major metabolite in the urine was the sulphate conjugated form of terbutaline.[A229973] Parenteral doses of terbutaline are 90% eliminated in the urine, with approximately 2/3 as the unchanged parent drug.[A229978] Less than 1% of a dose of terbutaline is eliminated in the feces.[A229978]
|
Terbutaline has a mean volume of distribution of 1.6 L/kg.[A229983]
|
The average clearance of terbutaline is 3.0 mL/min/kg.[A229983]
|
Organic compounds
|
Benzenoids
|
Phenols
|
Benzenediols
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"R03CC",
"R03C",
"R03",
"R",
"R03CC",
"R03C",
"R03",
"R",
"R03AC",
"R03A",
"R03",
"R"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "4.8",
"description": "Terbutaline sulf 1 mg/ml vial",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "12.99",
"description": "Terbutaline Sulfate 1 mg/ml vial",
"unit": "vial"
},
{
"cost": "38.4",
"description": "Terbutaline sulfate powder",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "0.08",
"description": "Bricanyl Turbuhaler 0.5 mg/dose Metered Inhalation Powder",
"unit": "dose"
},
{
"cost": "0.47",
"description": "Terbutaline sulfate 2.5 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.57",
"description": "Brethine 2.5 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.63",
"description": "Terbutaline sulfate 5 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.83",
"description": "Brethine 5 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
}
] |
[] |
Terbutalin | Terbutalina | Terbutaline | Terbutalinum | ADRB2R | B2AR | Beta-2 adrenoceptor | Beta-2 adrenoreceptor | ADRB3R | B3AR | Beta-3 adrenoceptor | Beta-3 adrenoreceptor | ADRB1R | B1AR | Beta-1 adrenoceptor | Beta-1 adrenoreceptor | 2.8.2.1 | Aryl sulfotransferase 1 | HAST1/HAST2 | P-PST 1 | Phenol sulfotransferase 1 | Phenol-sulfating phenol sulfotransferase 1 | ST1A1 | ST1A3 | STP | STP1 | Thermostable phenol sulfotransferase | Ts-PST | 2.8.2.1 | Aryl sulfotransferase 2 | P-PST 2 | Phenol sulfotransferase 2 | Phenol-sulfating phenol sulfotransferase 2 | ST1A2 | STP2 | 2.8.2.1 | Aryl sulfotransferase 1A3/1A4 | Catecholamine-sulfating phenol sulfotransferase | HAST3 | M-PST | Monoamine-sulfating phenol sulfotransferase | Placental estrogen sulfotransferase | ST1A3 | STM | Sulfotransferase 1A3/1A4 | Sulfotransferase, monoamine-preferring | Thermolabile phenol sulfotransferase | TL-PST | 2.8.2.1 | Aryl sulfotransferase 1A3/1A4 | ST1A4 | Sulfotransferase 1A3/1A4 | 2.8.2.1 | ST1B1 | ST1B2 | Sulfotransferase 1B2 | Sulfotransferase family cytosolic 1B member 1 | SULT1B2 | Thyroid hormone sulfotransferase | 2.8.2.1 | humSULTC2 | ST1C2 | Sulfotransferase 1C1 | SULT1C#1 | SULT1C1 | 2.8.2.1 | 2.8.2.2 | ST1C3 | 2.8.2.1 | ST1C4 | Sulfotransferase 1C2 | SULT1C#2 | SULT1C2 | 2.8.2.2 | Bile salt sulfotransferase | Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase | DHEA-ST | DHEA-ST8 | HST | Hydroxysteroid Sulfotransferase | ST2 | ST2A1 | STD | SULT2A3 | 2.8.2.- | Brain sulfotransferase-like protein | hBR-STL | hBR-STL-1 | Nervous system sulfotransferase | NST | ST4A1 | SULTX3 | ST6B1 | Thyroxine sulfotransferase | 2.4.1.17 | GNT1 | Phenol-metabolizing UDP-glucuronosyltransferase | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-F | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A6 | UDPGT 1-6 | UGT-1F | UGT1 | UGT1-06 | UGT1.6 | UGT1*6 | UGT1F | 2.4.1.17 | Bilirubin-specific UDPGT isozyme 1 | GNT1 | hUG-BR1 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A isoform 1 | UDPGT 1-1 | UGT1 | UGT1-01 | UGT1.1 | UGT1*1 | UGT1A1 | 2.4.1.17 | GNT1 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-10 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-J | UDPGT 1-10 | UGT-1J | UGT1 | UGT1-10 | UGT1.10 | UGT1*10 | UGT1A10 | UGT1J | 2.4.1.17 | GNT1 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-C | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A isoform 3 | UDPGT 1-3 | UGT-1C | UGT1 | UGT1-03 | UGT1.3 | UGT1*3 | UGT1A3 | UGT1C | 2.4.1.17 | Bilirubin-specific UDPGT isozyme 2 | GNT1 | hUG-BR2 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-D | UDPGT 1-4 | UGT-1D | UGT1 | UGT1-04 | UGT1.4 | UGT1*4 | UGT1A4 | UGT1D | 2.4.1.17 | GNT1 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-7 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-G | UDPGT 1-7 | UGT-1G | UGT1 | UGT1-07 | UGT1.7 | UGT1*7 | UGT1A7 | UGT1G | 2.4.1.17 | GNT1 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-8 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-H | UDPGT 1-8 | UGT-1H | UGT1 | UGT1-08 | UGT1.8 | UGT1*8 | UGT1A8 | UGT1H | 2.4.1.17 | GNT1 | lugP4 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-I | UDPGT 1-9 | UGT-1I | UGT1 | UGT1-09 | UGT1.9 | UGT1*9 | UGT1A9 | UGT1I | 2.4.1.17 | HLUG4 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B8 | UDPGT 2B15 | UDPGT 2B8 | UDPGTh-3 | UGT2B15 | UGT2B8 | 2.4.1.17 | HLUG25 | Hyodeoxycholic acid-specific UDPGT | UDPGT 2B4 | UDPGTh-1 | UGT2B11 | UGT2B4 | 2.4.1.17 | 3,4-catechol estrogen-specific UDPGT | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B9 | UDPGT 2B7 | UDPGT 2B9 | UDPGTh-2 | UGT2B7 | UGTB2B9 | 3.1.1.8 | Acylcholine acylhydrolase | Butyrylcholine esterase | CHE1 | Choline esterase II | Pseudocholinesterase | High-affinity sodium-dependent carnitine cotransporter | OCTN2 | Solute carrier family 22 member 5 | hOCT2 | OCT2 | Organic cation transporter 2
|
[
"Bricanyl Tab 2.5 mg",
"Bricanyl Tab 5 mg",
"Bricanyl Turbuhaler",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Terbutaline Sulfate",
"Truemed Group LLC",
"Truemed Group LLC"
] |
[
"Brethaire",
"Brethine",
"Bricanyl",
"Bricardyl",
"Bricasma",
"Bricasol",
"Dracanyl",
"Terbasmin"
] |
[] |
[
"P07550",
"P13945",
"P08588"
] |
[
"P50225",
"P50226",
"P0DMM9",
"P0DMN0",
"O43704",
"O00338",
"Q6IMI6",
"O75897",
"Q06520",
"Q9BR01",
"Q6IMI4",
"P19224",
"P22309",
"Q9HAW8",
"P35503",
"P22310",
"Q9HAW7",
"Q9HAW9",
"O60656",
"P54855",
"P06133",
"P16662",
"P06276"
] |
[] |
[
"O76082",
"O15244"
] |
DB00872
|
Conivaptan
|
Conivaptan is a non-peptide inhibitor of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin). It was approved in 2004 for hyponatremia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Conivaptan inhibits both isotypes of the vasopressin receptor (V1a and V2).
|
solid
|
For the treatment of euvolemic or hypervolemic hyponatremia (e.g. the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, or in the setting of hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, pulmonary disorders, etc.) in hospitalized patients.
|
Conivaptan is a nonpeptide, dual antagonist of arginine vasopressin (AVP) V<sub>1A</sub> and V<sub>2</sub> receptors. The level of AVP in circulating blood is critical for the regulation of water and electrolyte balance and is usually elevated in both euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia. The AVP effect is mediated through V<sub>2</sub> receptors, which are functionally coupled to aquaporin channels in the apical membrane of the collecting ducts of the kidney. These receptors help to maintain plasma osmolality within the normal range by increasing permeability of the renal collecting ducts to water. Vasopressin also causes vasoconstriction through its actions on vascular <sub>1A</sub> receptors. The predominant pharmacodynamic effect of conivaptan in the treatment of hyponatremia is through its V<sub>2</sub> antagonism of AVP in the renal collecting ducts, an effect that results in aquaresis, or excretion of free water. Conivaptan's antagonist activity on V<sub>1A</sub> receptors may also cause splanchnic vasodilation, resulting in possible hypotension or variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis. The pharmacodynamic effects of conivaptan include increased free water excretion (i.e., effective water clearance [EWC]) generally accompanied by increased net fluid loss, increased urine output, and decreased urine osmolality.
|
Conivaptan is a dual AVP antagonist with nanomolar affinity for human arginine vasopressin V<sub>1A</sub> and V<sub>2</sub> receptors <i>in vitro</i>. This antagonism occurs in the renal collecting ducts, resulting in aquaresis, or excretion of free water.
| null |
CYP3A4 is the sole cytochrome P450 isozyme responsible for the metabolism of conivaptan. Four metabolites have been identified. The pharmacological activity of the metabolites at V<sub>1a</sub> and V<sub>2</sub> receptors ranged from approximately 3-50% and 50-100% that of conivaptan, respectively.
|
Although no data on overdosage in humans are available, conivaptan has been administered as a 20 mg loading dose on Day 1 followed by continuous infusion of 80 mg/day for 4 days in hyponatremia patients and up to 120 mg/day for 2 days in CHF patients. No new toxicities were identified at these higher doses, but adverse events related to the pharmacologic activity of conivaptan, e.g. hypotension and thirst, occurred more frequently at these higher doses.
|
5 hours
|
99%
| null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Benzenoids
|
Benzene and substituted derivatives
|
Anilides
|
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[
"C03XA",
"C03X",
"C03",
"C"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "6.3",
"description": "Vaprisol 20 mg/100 ml bag",
"unit": "ml"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "1998-03-03",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2019-12-15",
"number": "5723606"
}
] |
4'-((4,5-dihydro-2-methylimidazo(4,5-d)(1)benzazepin-6(1H)-yl)carbonyl)-2-biphenylcarboxanilide | Conivaptan | Antidiuretic hormone receptor 1a | AVPR V1a | AVPR1 | V1aR | Vascular/hepatic-type arginine vasopressin receptor | ADHR | Antidiuretic hormone receptor | AVPR V2 | DIR | DIR3 | Renal-type arginine vasopressin receptor | V2R | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase | ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 | MDR1 | Multidrug resistance protein 1 | P-glycoprotein 1 | PGY1 | Phospholipid transporter ABCB1
|
[
"Vaprisol",
"Vaprisol",
"Vaprisol Dextrose In Plastic Container"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"P37288",
"P30518"
] |
[
"P08684"
] |
[] |
[
"P08183"
] |
DB14596
|
Loteprednol etabonate
|
Loteprednol Etabonate (LE) is a topical corticoid anti-inflammatory. It is used in ophthalmic solution for the treatment of steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the eye such as allergic conjunctivitis, uveitis, acne rosacea, superficial punctate keratitis, herpes zoster keratitis, iritis, cyclitis, and selected infective conjunctivitides. As a nasal spray, it can be used for the treatment and management of seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Most prescription LE products, however, tend to be indicated for the treatment of post-operative inflammation and pain following ocular surgery [FDA Label]. A number of such new formulations that have been approved include Kala Pharmaceutical's Inveltys - the first twice-daily (BID) ocular corticosteroid approved for this indication, designed specifically to enhance patient compliance and simplified dosing compared to all other similar ocular steroids that are dosed four times daily [L4545].
Moreover, LE was purposefully engineered to be a 'soft drug', one that is designed to be active locally at the site of administration and then rapidly metabolized to inactive components after eliciting its actions at the desired location, thereby subsequently minimizing the chance for adverse effects [A38693].
|
solid
|
A number of prescription loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic products are specifically indicated for the treatment of post-operative inflammation and pain following ocular surgery [FDA Label].
|
Loteprednol etabonate (LE) belongs to a unique class of corticosteroids with potent anti-inflammatory effects designed to be active at the site of action [A1312, L4539]. Animal studies have shown that LE has a binding affinity to steroid receptors that is 4.3 times greater than dexamethasone [L4539]. This particular class of steroids consists of bioactive molecules whose in-vivo transformation to non-toxic substances can be predicted from their chemistry and knowledge of enzymatic pathways in the body [L4539]. Cortienic acid is an inactive metabolite of hydrocortisone and analogs of cortienic acid are also devoid of corticosteroid activity [L4539]. Specifically, LE is an ester derivative of one of these analogs, cortienic acid etabonate [L4539]. In particular, LE possesses a metabolically labile 17 beta-chloromethyl ester function which was designed in order to be hydrolyzed to an inactive carboxylic acid moiety [A1312]. This inactive metabolite is more hydrophilic and is thus readily eliminated from the body [A1312]. LE also exhibits good ocular permeation properties and good skin permeation properties [A1312].
|
Corticosteroids like loteprednol etabonate inhibit the inflammatory response to a variety of inciting agents and likely delay or slow healing [FDA Label, L4539, A1312]. They inhibit the edema, fibrin deposition, capillary dilation, leukocyte migration, capillary proliferation, fibroblast proliferation, deposition of collagen, and scar formation that are commonly associated with inflammation [FDA Label, A1312]. While glucocorticoids are known to bind to and activate the glucocorticoid receptor, the molecular mechanisms involved in glucocorticoid/glucocorticoid receptor-dependent modulation of inflammation are not clearly established [FDA Label, L4539, A1312]. Moreover, corticosteroids are thought to inhibit prostaglandin production through several independent mechanisms [FDA Label, A1312]. In particular, corticosteroids are thought to act by the induction of phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, collectively called lipocortins [F1467]. It is postulated that these proteins control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes by inhibiting the release of their common precursor arachidonic acid [F1467]. Arachidonic acid is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2 [F1467].
The use of LE subsequently treats post-operative inflammation and pain following ocular surgery by managing the prostaglandin release, recruitment and travel of neutrophils and macrophages, and production of other inflammatory mediators that are intrinsically associated with the physical trauma of surgery [A1312].
|
Loteprednol etabonate (LE) demonstrates good ocular permeation properties as it is lipid soluble, allowing the agent to penetrate into cells with relative ease [FDA Label, A1312].
Results from the ocular administration of loteprednol in normal, healthy volunteers have shown that there are low or undetectable concentrations of either unchanged material or its metabolite [L4539]. Following twice-daily unilateral topical ocular dosing of LE for 14 days in healthy subjects, the plasma concentrations of loteprednol etabonate were below the limit of quantitation (1 ng/mL) at all time points [FDA Label]. These finds suggest that limited, if any, systemic absorption of LE occurs [L4539].
|
Loteprednol etabonate (LE) is readily and extensively metabolized to two inactive metabolites, PJ-90 (Δ1-cortienic acid) and PJ-91 (Δ1-cortienic acid etabonate) [FDA Label, F1467]. Metabolism occurs locally in ocular tissues, and to the extent that loteprednol etabonate reaches the systemic circulation, likely the liver and other tissues into which it distributes [F1467].
In particular, studies have demonstrated that LE (chloromethyl 17alpha-ethoxycarbonyloxy-11beta-hydroxy-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene) is rapidly hydrolyzed at the location of its 17beta-chloromethyl ester function by paraoxonase 1 in human plasma at the site of administration at the level of the affected eye tissue to the 17beta-carboxylate PJ-91 metabolite and PJ-90 metabolite [A38681, A38693]. Both metabolites are considered inactive [FDA Label, A38693, A38693].
|
The most common adverse drug reactions reported during clinical trials for the medication were eye pain and posterior capsular opacification, both of which may also be the consequence of the very surgical procedures performed on the eye(s) [FDA Label].
The agent is not absorbed systemically following topical ophthalmic administration and maternal use is not expected to result in fetal exposure to the drug [FDA Label].
The medication is not absorbed systemically by the mother following topical ophthalmic administration, and breastfeeding is not expected to result in exposure of the child to the agent [FDA Label].
Long-term animal studies have not been conducted to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of loteprednol etabonate. Loteprednol etabonate was not genotoxic in vitro in the Ames test, the mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase (tk) assay, or in a chromosome aberration test in human lymphocytes, or in vivo in the single dose mouse micronucleus assay [FDA Label].
Overdose is not expected to be likely to occur after ocular administration [F1467].
|
The terminal half-life of loteprednol etabonate as determined when administered intravenously at a dose of 5 mg/kg in the dog animal model is 2.8 hours [A38682].
|
Strong protein binding of approximately 98% for loteprednol etabonate facilitates little pharmacodynamic action and/or adverse effects on the part of the agent in the systemic circulation [A38681].
|
Following systemic administration to rats, loteprednol etabonate is eliminated primarily via the biliary/faecal route, with most of the dose eliminated in the form of the metabolite, PJ-90 [F1467].
|
The only data available regarding the volume of distribution of loteprednol etabonate (LE) is the volume of distribution the agent demonstrated when administered to dogs - a value of 3.7 L/kg [A38682]. It has been shown, however, that the topical ocular administration of LE distributes preferentially into the cellular components of blood [F1467].
|
Loteprednol etabonate was slowly hydrolyzed in liver at clearance rates of 0.21 +/- 0.04 and 2.41 +/- 0.13 ml/h/kg in the liver and plasma, respectively [A38681].
|
Organic compounds
|
Lipids and lipid-like molecules
|
Steroids and steroid derivatives
|
Steroid esters
|
[
"approved"
] |
[] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[] |
[
{
"approved": "1996-07-30",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2013-10-25",
"number": "5540930"
},
{
"approved": "1991-02-26",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2012-03-09",
"number": "4996335"
},
{
"approved": "2002-10-01",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2014-10-21",
"number": "2174550"
},
{
"approved": "1998-09-01",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2017-01-29",
"number": "5800807"
},
{
"approved": "2015-06-16",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2033-05-03",
"number": "9056057"
},
{
"approved": "2017-01-03",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2033-05-03",
"number": "9532955"
},
{
"approved": "2017-11-28",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2033-05-03",
"number": "9827191"
},
{
"approved": "2018-08-28",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2033-05-03",
"number": "10058511"
},
{
"approved": "2017-08-22",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2033-05-03",
"number": "9737491"
},
{
"approved": "2016-07-19",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2033-05-03",
"number": "9393213"
},
{
"approved": "2020-03-24",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2036-12-23",
"number": "10596107"
},
{
"approved": "2020-05-12",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2033-05-03",
"number": "10646437"
},
{
"approved": "2020-06-23",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2033-05-03",
"number": "10688045"
},
{
"approved": "2020-12-08",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2033-05-03",
"number": "10857096"
},
{
"approved": "2020-12-15",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2033-05-03",
"number": "10864219"
},
{
"approved": "2020-05-12",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2033-05-03",
"number": "10646436"
},
{
"approved": "2021-03-16",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2033-05-03",
"number": "10945948"
},
{
"approved": "2021-03-09",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2033-05-03",
"number": "10940108"
},
{
"approved": "2021-05-04",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2033-05-03",
"number": "10993908"
},
{
"approved": "2013-05-03",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2033-05-03",
"number": "11219596"
},
{
"approved": "2013-05-03",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2033-05-03",
"number": "11219597"
},
{
"approved": "2016-01-26",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2036-01-26",
"number": "11534395"
},
{
"approved": "2013-05-03",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2033-05-03",
"number": "11596599"
},
{
"approved": "2013-05-03",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2033-05-03",
"number": "11642317"
},
{
"approved": "2013-05-03",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2033-05-03",
"number": "11872318"
}
] |
Loteprednol etabonate | ERR-alpha | ERR1 | ESRL1 | Estrogen receptor-like 1 | Estrogen-related receptor alpha | NR3B1 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group B member 1 | ERR beta-2 | ERR-beta | ERRB2 | ESRL2 | Estrogen receptor-like 2 | Estrogen-related receptor beta | NR3B2 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group B member 2 | ERR gamma-2 | ERR3 | ERRG2 | Estrogen receptor-related protein 3 | KIAA0832 | NR3B3 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group B member 3 | GR | GRL | Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase | 3.1.1.2 | 3.1.1.81 | 3.1.8.1 | A-esterase 1 | Aromatic esterase 1 | K-45 | PON | PON 1 | Serum aryldialkylphosphatase 1
|
[
"Alrex",
"Alrex",
"Alrex",
"Alrex",
"Eysuvis",
"Inveltys",
"Lotemax",
"Lotemax",
"Lotemax",
"Lotemax",
"Lotemax",
"Lotemax Gel",
"Lotemax Ointment",
"Lotemax SM",
"Loteprednol Etabonate",
"Loteprednol Etabonate",
"Loteprednol Etabonate",
"Loteprednol Etabonate",
"Loteprednol Etabonate",
"Loteprednol Etabonate",
"Loteprednol Etabonate",
"Loteprednol Etabonate",
"Loteprednol Etabonate",
"Loteprednol Etabonate",
"Loteprednol Etabonate",
"Loteprednol Etabonate",
"Loteprednol Etabonate",
"Loteprednol Etabonate",
"Loteprednol Etabonate",
"Zylet"
] |
[
"Eysuvis",
"Loteflam"
] |
[
"Zylet"
] |
[
"P11474",
"O95718",
"P62508",
"P04150"
] |
[
"P08684",
"P27169"
] |
[] |
[] |
DB00874
|
Guaifenesin
|
Guaifenesin possesses a storied history, having been originally formally approved by the US FDA in 1952 and continues to be one of very few - if not perhaps the only drug that is readily available and used as an expectorant [F4525]. Since that time the agent has been a combination component of various prescription and non-prescription over-the-counter cough and cold products and is currently a widely available over-the-counter generic medication [F4525]. Although it is principally believed that guaifenesin elicits an action to facilitate productive cough to manage chest congestion [A177661, L6100, F4516, F4522, F4525], it is not known whether the agent can reliably mitigate coughing.
Regardless, on March 1, 2007, the FDA received a petition asking the FDA to notify the public that some antitussives, expectorants, decongestants, antihistamines, and cough/cold combinations are not known to be safe and effective in children under the age of 6 years [F4525]. After the negotiation between FDA and major manufacturers, a voluntary transition of labels for not using guaifenesin in children under the age of 4 years was endorsed by FDA in 2008 [F4525].
Furthermore, there has also been contemporary research to suggest that guaifenesin possesses and is capable of demonstrating anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant effects to some degree possibly by acting as an NMDA receptor antagonist [A177652].
|
solid
|
Guaifenesin is an expectorant that is indicated for providing temporary symptomatic relief from congested chests and coughs which may be due to a cold, bronchitis, and/or other breathing illnesses [FDA Label, F4510, L6079].
|
Guaifenesin is categorized as an expectorant that acts by enhancing the output of phlegm (sputum) and bronchial secretions via decreasing the adhesiveness and surface tension of such material [F4516]. Furthermore, guaifenesin elicits an increased flow of less viscous gastric secretions that subsequently promote ciliary action - all actions that ultimately change dry, unproductive coughing to coughs that are more productive and less frequent [F4516]. Essentially, by decreasing the viscosity and adhesiveness of such secretions, guaifenesin enhances the efficacy of mucociliary activity in removing accumulated secretions from the upper and lower airway [F4516].
|
Although the exact mechanism of action of guaifenesin may not yet be formally or totally elucidated, it is believed that expectorants like guaifenesin function by increasing mucus secretion [A177661]. Moreover, it is also further proposed that such expectorants may also act as an irritant to gastric vagal receptors, and recruit efferent parasympathetic reflexes that can elicit glandular exocytosis that is comprised of a less viscous mucus mixture [A177661]. Subsequently, these actions may provoke coughing that can ultimately flush difficult to access, congealed mucopurulent material from obstructed small airways to facilitate a temporary improvement for the individual [A177661].
Consequently, while it is generally proposed that guaifenesin functions as an expectorant by helping to loosen phlegm (mucus) and thin bronchial secretions to rid the bronchial passageways of bothersome mucus and make coughs more productive, there has also been research to suggest that guaifenesin possesses and is capable of demonstrating anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant effects to some degree possibly by acting as an NMDA receptor antagonist [A177652].
|
Studies have shown that guaifenesin is well absorbed from and along the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration [A177634, F4522, L6100].
|
After the oral administration of 400 mg guaifenesin, the agent experiences rapid hydrolysis (more than 60% of the dose hydrolyzed over a range of seven hours) with β-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-lactic acid found as the major urinary metabolite but no parent drug detectable in the urine [A177676, L6100]. Moreover, it has been observed that guaifenesin also experiences both oxidation and demethylation [A177676]. In particular, the medication is quickly metabolized hepatically by way of oxidation to β-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-lactic acid [A177676]. Furthermore, guaifenesin is also demethylated by O-demethylase in liver microsomes to the point where about 40% of an administered dose is excreted as this metabolite in the urine within 3 hours [A177676]. In fact, O-demethylase appears to be the primary enzyme for the metabolism of guaifenesin and the primary metabolites of the substance are β-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-lactic acid and the demethylated hydroxyguaifenesin, both of which are themselves inactive moieties [A177676].
|
The most prevalent signs and symptoms associated with an overdose of guaifenesin have been nausea and vomiting [L6100].
Although adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women have not been performed, the Collaborative Perinatal Project monitored 197 mother-child pairs exposed to guaifenesin during the first trimester [L6100]. An increased occurrence of inguinal hernias was found in the neonates [L6100]. However, congenital defects were not strongly associated with guaifenesin use during pregnancy in 2 large groups of mother-child pairs [L6100].
Moreover, guaifenesin is excreted in breast milk in small quantities [L6100]. Subsequently, caution should be exercised by balancing the potential benefit of treatment against any possible risks [L6100].
Additionally, an LD<sub>50</sub> value of 1510 mg/kg (rat, oral) has been reported for guaifenesin [MSDS].
|
The half-life in plasma observed for guaifenesin is approximately one hour [A177676, L6079, L6100, F4522, F4525].
|
Information regarding the protein binding of guaifenesin is not readily available or accessible.
|
After administration, guaifenesin is metabolized and then largely excreted in the urine [A177676, L6079, L6100, F4522, F4525].
|
The geometric mean apparent volume of distribution of guaifenesin determined in healthy adult subjects is 116L (CV=45.7%) [F4525].
|
The mean clearance recorded for guaifenesin is about 94.8 L/hr (CV=51.4%) [F4525].
|
Organic compounds
|
Benzenoids
|
Phenol ethers
|
Anisoles
|
[
"approved",
"investigational",
"vet_approved"
] |
[
"R05CA",
"R05C",
"R05",
"R"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.01",
"description": "Guaifen/p-ephed tablet sa",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.14",
"description": "P-ephedrine-guaifen la tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.21",
"description": "P-ephed w/guaifen tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "15.99",
"description": "Diabetic Tussin Max St 10-200 mg/5ml Liquid 118ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "15.99",
"description": "Naldecon Senior EX 200 mg/5ml Syrup 118ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "0.02",
"description": "Guaifenesin ac cough syrup",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.02",
"description": "Guaifenesin dm syrup",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.02",
"description": "Guiatuss dm syrup",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.02",
"description": "Guiatuss-pe syrup",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.03",
"description": "Guiatuss ac syrup",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.03",
"description": "Guiatuss-dac syrup",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.03",
"description": "Sb cough control syrup",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.04",
"description": "Adlt robitussin cough-cold-flu",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.04",
"description": "Adt robitussin cough-cold d lq",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.04",
"description": "Adult robitussin cough syrup",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.04",
"description": "Guiatuss DAC 30-10-100 mg/5ml Solution",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.04",
"description": "Robitussin chest congest syrup",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.04",
"description": "Robitussin cough & cold liquid",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.04",
"description": "Robitussin cough-cold liquid",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.04",
"description": "Robitussin cough-cong syrup",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.04",
"description": "Robitussin dm max liquid",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.04",
"description": "Robitussin long-acting liq",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.04",
"description": "Robitussin pe head & chest liq",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.04",
"description": "Robitussin-cough-chest-cong lq",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.04",
"description": "Robitussin-dm cough syrup",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.04",
"description": "Scot-tussin 100 mg/5 ml liq",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.05",
"description": "Child's mucinex 100 mg/5 ml lq",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.05",
"description": "Guiatuss-dm syrup",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.06",
"description": "Children's mucinex cough liq",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.06",
"description": "Mucinex cold liquid",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.06",
"description": "Naldecon-dx senior",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.08",
"description": "Guaiacol liquid purified",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.08",
"description": "Guaifenesin dac oral solution",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.08",
"description": "Guaifenesin nr 100 mg/5 ml",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.09",
"description": "Guaifenesin-DM 100-10 mg/5ml Liquid",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.09",
"description": "Robitussin dm to go liquid",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.1",
"description": "Fenesin ir 400 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.1",
"description": "Guaifenesin-dm nr liquid",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.13",
"description": "Fenesin dm ir tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.13",
"description": "Fenesin pe ir tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.13",
"description": "Guaifenesin nr liquid",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.15",
"description": "Chest congestion relief tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.15",
"description": "Guaifen p-ephed caplet er",
"unit": "caplet"
},
{
"cost": "0.16",
"description": "Guaifenesin 400 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.19",
"description": "G-fenesin 400 mg caplet",
"unit": "caplet"
},
{
"cost": "0.2",
"description": "Diabetic tussin ex 400 tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.2",
"description": "G-fenesin dm 20-400 mg caplet",
"unit": "caplet"
},
{
"cost": "0.2",
"description": "Organ-i nr 200 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.25",
"description": "Guaifenesin-dm 400-20 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.25",
"description": "Robitussin coughgels",
"unit": "each"
},
{
"cost": "0.28",
"description": "Codeine-guaifen 10 mg-200 mg liq",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.28",
"description": "Guaifenesin 200 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.37",
"description": "Mucus relief 400 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.39",
"description": "Tussi-Organidin NR 300-10 mg/5ml Liquid",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.42",
"description": "Mucinex 600 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.42",
"description": "Mucinex full force nasal spray",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.42",
"description": "Mucinex moisture smart nas spr",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.44",
"description": "Mucinex er 600 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.46",
"description": "Codeine 10 mg-guai 300 mg liq",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.49",
"description": "Organidin NR 100 mg/5ml Liquid",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.54",
"description": "Mucinex d tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.57",
"description": "Kid's mucinex mini-melts pack",
"unit": "each"
},
{
"cost": "0.57",
"description": "Mucinex cough mini-melt pack",
"unit": "each"
},
{
"cost": "0.6",
"description": "P-ephed-guaifen tablet la",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.62",
"description": "Guaifenesin/p-ephedrine tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.63",
"description": "Pseudoephedrine-guaif sr tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.67",
"description": "P-ephed w/guaifen tablet sr",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.73",
"description": "Mucinex d er tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.74",
"description": "Humibid e 400 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.76",
"description": "Pseudoephedrine-guaifen tr tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.8",
"description": "Mucinex dm er 1200-60 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.89",
"description": "Organidin nr 200 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "2002-04-16",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2020-04-28",
"number": "6372252"
},
{
"approved": "2005-10-18",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2020-04-28",
"number": "6955821"
},
{
"approved": "2010-11-23",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2020-04-28",
"number": "7838032"
},
{
"approved": "2017-01-24",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2035-11-13",
"number": "9549907"
},
{
"approved": "2017-11-07",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2035-11-13",
"number": "9808431"
},
{
"approved": "2018-10-23",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2035-11-13",
"number": "10105324"
}
] |
Glyceryl guaiacolate | Guaifenesin | Guaifenesina | guaiphenesin | GluN1 | Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit zeta-1 | hNR1 | N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR1 | NMD-R1 | NMDAR1 | GluN2A | Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1 | hNR2A | N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subtype 2A | NMDAR2A | NR2A | GluN2B | Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-2 | hNR3 | N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subtype 2B | N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 3 | NMDAR2B | NR2B | NR3 | GluN2C | Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-3 | N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subtype 2C | NMDAR2C | NR2C | EB11 | GluN2D | Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-4 | N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subtype 2D | NMDAR2D | NR2D | GluN3A | KIAA1973 | N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype 3A | NMDAR-L | NMDAR3A | NR3A | GluN3B | N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype 3B | NMDAR3B | NR3B
|
[
"12 Hour Mucus Relief",
"24/7 Life Cold and Flu DayTime Severe",
"7 Select Maximum Strength",
"7 Select Mucus Relief",
"7 select Tussin DM",
"A-Tan 12X Suspension",
"Acetaflu Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Acetaminophen 500mg, Dextromethorphan HBr 10mg, Guaifenesin 200mg, Phenylephrine HCl 5mg",
"Acetaminophen Dextromethorphan HBr Guaifenesin Phenylephrine HCl",
"ACETAMINOPHEN, DEXTROMETHORPHAN HBr, GUAILFENESIN,PHENLYEPHRINE HCL",
"Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine Hydrochloride",
"Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine Hydrochloride",
"Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine Hydrochloride",
"Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine Hydrochloride",
"Acetaminophen, Guaifenesin, Dextromethorphan HBr, Phenylephrine HCl",
"Acetaminophen, Guaifenesin, Dextromethorphan HBr, Phenylephrine HCl",
"Actidom Dmx",
"Actinel",
"Actinel DM",
"Actinel Pediatric",
"Adult CF Cough",
"Adult Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Adult Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Adult Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Adult Cough and Chest Congestion Relief DM Non Drowsy",
"Adult DM Max Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Adult Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Adult Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Adult Tussin",
"Adult Tussin CF Multi-Symptom Cold",
"Adult Tussin Chest Congestion",
"Adult Tussin Chest Congestion",
"Adult Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Adult Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Adult Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Sugar Free",
"Adult Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Sugar Free",
"Adult Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Sugar Free",
"Adult Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Sugar Free",
"Adult Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Sugar Free",
"Adult Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Sugar Free",
"Adult Tussin Cough and Cold CF",
"Adult Tussin DM",
"Adult Tussin DM",
"Adult Tussin DM",
"Adult Tussin DM Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Adult Tussin DM Lil Drug Store Products",
"Adult Tussin DM Max",
"Adult Tussin Expectorant",
"Adult Tussin Mucus and Chest Congestion DM Sugar Free",
"Adult tussin Peak Cold Multi-Symptom Cold",
"Adults Tussin DM",
"Air Power",
"Air Power",
"Air-power",
"Akin",
"Akin Cough Formula DM",
"Akin Cough Formula DM Strawberry Banana",
"Akin DM",
"Akin Expectorant Formula Strawberry Banana",
"Aldex GS",
"Aldex GS DM",
"Algidol Flu",
"Alka Seltzer Plus Maximum Strength Cough Chest Congestion PowerFast Fizz",
"Alka-Seltzer Plus Cough, Mucus and Congestion Day and Night Powermax",
"Alka-Seltzer Plus Day and Night Severe Cold and Flu",
"Alka-Seltzer Plus Day Severe Cold Plus Flu",
"Alka-Seltzer Plus Max Cough, Mucus and Congestion",
"Alka-Seltzer Plus Maximum Strength Cough and Mucus DM",
"Alka-Seltzer Plus Maximum Strength Cough, Mucus and Congestion Day and Night",
"Alka-Seltzer Plus Maximum Strength Cough, Mucus and Congestion Powermax",
"Alka-Seltzer Plus Severe Cold, Mucus and Congestion",
"Alka-Seltzer Plus Severe Cough and Cold Day and Night",
"Alka-Seltzer Plus Severe Cough Mucus and Congestion Day and Night",
"Alka-Seltzer Plus Severe Cough Mucus and Congestion Liquid Gels",
"Alka-Seltzer Plus Severe Sinus Cold and Cough Liquid Gels",
"Allfen DM",
"Alticotron",
"Altidesp",
"Altidome DMX",
"Altipres",
"Altipres Pediatric",
"Altituss",
"Always Save Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"Always Save Chest Congestion Relief GUAF",
"Always Save Mucus Relief PE",
"Amazon Basic Care Mucus DM",
"Aquanaz",
"Aquanaz PSE",
"Aramark Multi-Symptom Cold Relief",
"Aspire Congestion and Cough Relief DM Softgels",
"Aspire Daytime Mucus and Sinus Softgel",
"Aspire Mucus and Pain Relief Softgels",
"Aspirin Free Cold Head Congestion Day Time",
"Assured Maximum Strength Mucus Relief",
"Auro Mucus - Childrens Cold, Cough and Sore Throat",
"AuroMucus - Childrens Chest Congestion",
"AuroMucus - Childrens Cough",
"AuroMucus - Childrens Multi-Symptom Cold",
"AuroMucus - Childrens Stuffy Nose and Cold",
"AuroMucus - Childrens Stuffy Nose and Cold",
"AuroMucus - Fast Maximum Cold and Sinus",
"AuroMucus - Fast Maximum Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Relief",
"AuroMucus - Fast Maximum DM MAX",
"AuroMucus - Fast Maximum Severe Congestion and Cough",
"AuroMucus - Fast Maximum Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Aurophen Cold and Flu Severe",
"Aurophen Cold Multi-Symptom Severe",
"AuroQuil Severe Cold and Flu Daytime Relief",
"Aurotussin Maximum Strength Daytime and Nighttime Cough Relief",
"Aurotussin Mucus plus Chest Congestion (ORIGINAL)",
"Aurotussin Peak Cold Cough plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Aurotussin Peak Cold Maximum Strength Cough plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Aurotussin Peak Cold Maximum Strength Multi-Symptom Cold",
"Aurotussin Peak Cold Multi-Symptom Cold",
"Aurotussin Peak Cold sugar-free COUGH PLUS CHEST CONGESTION DM",
"AXIM Sinus Severe Mucus",
"Babys Own Cough Syr",
"Bactimicina Cough and Cold",
"Baczol Expectorant",
"Baczol Expectorant",
"Balminil Codeine + Decongestant + Expectorant",
"Balminil Cough and Flu",
"Balminil DM + Decongestant + Expectorant",
"Balminil DM + Decongestant + Expectorant Extra Strength",
"Balminil DM + Expectorant",
"Balminil DM + Expectorant Extra Strength",
"Balminil DM-D-E - Liq",
"Balminil Expectorant",
"Balminil Expectorant (sucrose Free)",
"Balminil Expectorant Liq 100mg/5ml",
"Basic Care Childrens Mucus Relief",
"Basic Care Childrens Mucus Relief",
"Basic Care Day Time Cold and Flu Night Time Cold and Flu",
"Basic Care Day Time Night Time Cold and Flu",
"Basic Care Daytime",
"Basic Care Daytime Cold and Flu",
"Basic Care Daytime Cold and Flu Severe",
"Basic Care Daytime Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Basic Care Daytime Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Basic Care Daytime Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Basic Care daytime nighttime severe cold and flu",
"Basic Care Daytime Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Basic Care Daytime Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Basic Care Daytime Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Basic Care Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Basic Care Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Basic Care Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Basic Care Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Basic Care Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Basic Care Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Basic Care Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Basic Care Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Basic Care Daytime Severe Cold Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Basic Care Daytime Severe Cold Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Basic Care Mucus DM",
"Basic Care Mucus DM",
"Basic Care Mucus DM",
"Basic Care Mucus DM",
"Basic Care Mucus ER",
"Basic Care Mucus ER Max",
"Basic Care Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Basic Care Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Basic Care Tussin CF Severe",
"Basic Care Tussin CF Severe",
"Basic Care Tussin DM",
"Basic Care Tussin DM",
"Basic Care Tussin DM Max",
"Being Well Adult Cough Relief DM",
"Benylin 1 Nightime With Menthactin",
"Benylin 1 With Menthactin",
"Benylin 2 Cold and Flu With Codeine",
"Benylin 4 Flu - Syrup",
"Benylin All-IN-one Cold and Flu PE Caplets",
"Benylin All-IN-one Cold, Flu & Cough Liquid Gels",
"Benylin Chest Congestion Extra Strength",
"Benylin Codeine 3.3mg De Syr",
"Benylin Cough & Congestion Extra Strength",
"Benylin Cough and Cold",
"Benylin Cough and Congestion",
"Benylin Cough Plus Cold Relief",
"Benylin DM-D-E",
"Benylin DM-D-E Extra Strength With Menthactin",
"Benylin DM-D-E With Menthactin",
"Benylin DM-D-E-A Cold and Sinus Liquid Gels",
"Benylin E Syrup",
"Benylin Extra Strength All-IN-one Cold and Flu",
"Benylin Extra Strength All-IN-one Cold and Flu Nightime",
"Benylin Extra Strength All-IN-one Cold, Flu & Cough",
"Benylin Extra Strength All-IN-one Cough, Cold & Flu",
"Benylin Extra Strength All-IN-one Cough, Cold & Flu Night",
"Benylin Extra Strength All-IN-one Cough, Cold & Flu With Warming Sensation",
"Benylin Extra Strength Chest Congestion & Cold",
"Benylin Extra Strength Cough & Chest Congestion",
"Benylin Extra Strength Cough & Chest Congestion With Warming Sensation",
"Benylin Extra Strength Cough Complete",
"Benylin Extra Strength for People With Diabetes",
"Benylin Extra Strength Mucus & Phlegm",
"Benylin Extra Strength Mucus & Phlegm Plus Cold Relief",
"Benylin Extra Strength Mucus & Phlegm Plus Cold Relief",
"Benylin Extra Strength Mucus & Phlegm Plus Cold Relief Night",
"Benylin Extra Strength Mucus & Phlegm Plus Cough Control",
"Benylin Extra Strength Sore Throat & Cough",
"Benylin Extra Strength With Menthactin",
"Benylin Regular Strength Cough Plus Chest Congestion Relief",
"Berkley and Jensen Adult Tussin DM",
"Berkley and Jensen Mucus Relief",
"Berkley and Jensen Mucus Relief",
"Berkley and Jensen Mucus Relief DM",
"Berkley and Jensen Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Berkley and Jensen Tussin DM",
"Berkley Jensen Tussin",
"Berro y Cebolla DM",
"Betr chest congestion relief",
"Betr Cold and Flu Daytime Relief",
"Betr remedies chest congestion relief",
"Bidex-400",
"Bio-G-Tuss Pediatric Drops",
"Bio-S-Pres DX",
"Bio-Z-Cough",
"Biobron DX",
"Biobron SF",
"Biocof",
"Biocotron",
"Biocotron PED",
"Biocotron-D",
"Biodesp DM",
"Biodesp DM NF",
"BioGtuss",
"BioGtuss NF",
"Biogtuss TR",
"Bionel",
"Bionel Pediatric",
"Biophex TR",
"Biospec DMX",
"Biospec DMX",
"BioTPres",
"BioTPres Pediatric",
"Bisolvine Adult",
"Bisolvine Adult",
"Bisolvine Adult",
"Bisolvine Aloe-Miel",
"Bisolvine Child",
"Bisolvine Children",
"BP8 Cough",
"Breacold Adult",
"Breacold Children",
"Bromhist PDX",
"Bronchial Asthma Relief",
"Bronchial Asthma Relief",
"Broncho Dilate",
"Broncho Tuss Adult",
"Broncho Tuss Infant",
"Bronchodex Pediatrique",
"Bronchophan Expectorant (sans Sucrose)",
"Bronchoril",
"Bronco Pulmonar Syrup",
"Bronco Silen-DM",
"Bronco-Flu Des",
"Bronco-Flu Plus",
"Broncochem Expectorant II",
"Broncochem Kids Cold and Flu",
"Broncochem Maximum Cough",
"Broncochem Maximum Cough Kids",
"Broncomar",
"Broncomar DM",
"Broncomar DM",
"Broncomar EXPECTORANT",
"Broncomar Expectorant SF",
"Broncomar Maximum",
"Broncomar Maximun Cough Relief",
"Broncomar SF",
"Broncotron",
"Broncotron D",
"Broncotron PED",
"Broncotron PED",
"Broncotron S",
"Bronkaid Dual Action Formula",
"Bronkaid Dual Action Formula",
"Bronkaid Dual Action Formula",
"Bronkisan",
"Brontuss",
"Brontuss DX",
"Brontuss SF",
"Brontuss SF-NR",
"Buckley's Chest Congestion",
"Buckley's Complete + Mucus Relief",
"Buckley's Complete 24 Hour Pack",
"Buckley's Complete Plus Extra Strength Mucus Relief",
"Buckley's Complete Plus Mucous Relief",
"Buckley's Complete Relief + Mucus",
"Buckley's Mucus & Phlegm",
"Calmylin #3 Syr",
"Calmylin Ace",
"Calmylin Codeine D-E Syr",
"Calmylin Cough and Flu Liq",
"Calmylin Expectorant Syr 100mg/5ml",
"Calmylin Pse With Codeine",
"Capmist DM",
"Capmist DM",
"Carbatuss",
"Carbetaplex",
"Care One Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"Care One Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"Care One cold head congestion",
"CareOne Adult Tussin",
"CareOne Adult Tussin CF",
"CareOne Adult Tussin DM",
"CareOne Adult Tussin DM",
"CareOne Adult Tussin DM sugar free",
"CareOne Childrens Mucus Relief",
"Careone Childrens Mucus Relief",
"CareOne Cold and Sinus",
"CareOne Cold and Sinus",
"CareOne Cold Flu and sore throat",
"CareOne Cold plus Flu Severe",
"Careone Day Cold and Flu Night Cold and Flu",
"Careone Day Severe Cold Night Cold and Flu",
"CareOne Day Time Severe Cold Night Time Cold and Flu",
"Careone Daytime Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Careone daytime severe cold and flu",
"Careone Daytime Severe Cold Flu Relief",
"CareOne Mucus ER",
"CareOne Mucus Relief",
"CareOne Mucus Relief",
"Careone Mucus Relief Childrens",
"CareOne Mucus Relief Cold and Sinus",
"CareOne Mucus Relief DM",
"CareOne Mucus Relief ER",
"CareOne Mucus Relief ER",
"CareOne Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cold",
"CareOne Severe Cold",
"Careone Severe Sinus Congestion and Pain",
"Careone Sinus Relief Day Time Night Time",
"CareOne sinus relief day time sinus relief night time",
"CareOne Sinus Relief Severe",
"Careone Sinus Sever Congestion Relief",
"CareOne Tussin CF Multi Symptom Cold",
"Careone Tussin DM",
"Careone Tussin DM",
"CareOne Tussin DM cough plus chest congestion",
"CareOne Tussin DM cough plus chest congestion",
"CareOne Tussin DM cough plus chest congestion",
"CareOne Tussin Mucus Plus Chest Congestion",
"Caring Mill Adult Tussin",
"Caring Mill Childrens Mucus Relief",
"Caring Mill Mucus DM",
"Caring Mill Mucus ER",
"Centracol Pediatrique - Syr",
"Certuss",
"Certuss-D",
"Cetafen Cough and Cold",
"CETAFEN COUGH and COLD",
"Cheracol Cough Syrup",
"Cheracol D Cough Formula 4oz",
"Cheratussin AC",
"Cheratussin AC",
"Cheratussin AC",
"Cheratussin AC",
"Cheratussin AC",
"Cheratussin AC",
"Cheratussin AC",
"Cheratussin AC",
"Cheratussin AC",
"Cheratussin AC",
"Cheratussin AC",
"Cheratussin AC",
"Cheratussin DAC",
"Chest Congestion",
"Chest Congestion",
"Chest Congestion",
"Chest Congestion",
"Chest Congestion",
"Chest Congestion & Cold Extra Strength",
"Chest Congestion and Cough HBP",
"Chest Congestion and Cough HBP",
"Chest Congestion Childrens",
"Chest Congestion Childrens Plus Cough",
"Chest Congestion Relief",
"Chest Congestion Relief",
"Chest Congestion Relief",
"Chest Congestion Relief",
"Chest Congestion Relief",
"Chest Congestion Relief",
"Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"Chest Congestion Syrup",
"Children's Mucinex Chest Congestion Liquid",
"Childrens Aurotussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Childrens Aurotussin Cough and Cold CF",
"Childrens Chest Congestion",
"Childrens Chest Congestion Relief",
"Childrens Chest Congestion Relief",
"Childrens Chest Congestion Relief",
"Childrens Chest Congestion Relief Grape",
"Childrens Cold, Cough and Sore Throat",
"Childrens Cold, Cough and Sore Throat",
"Childrens Cough",
"Childrens Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Childrens Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Childrens Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Childrens Cough and Cold CF",
"Childrens Cough and Cold CF",
"Childrens Cough Mucus Relief",
"Childrens Delsym Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Childrens Delsym Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM and Delsym Cough Plus Cold Night Time",
"Childrens Delsym Cough Plus Cold Day Time",
"Childrens Giltuss EX Expectorant",
"Childrens Giltuss Honey Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Childrens Mucinex Chest Congestion",
"Childrens Mucinex Chest Congestion",
"Childrens Mucinex Chest Congestion",
"Childrens Mucinex Cold, Cough and Sore Throat",
"Childrens Mucinex Congestion and Cough",
"Childrens Mucinex Congestion and Cough",
"Childrens Mucinex Cough",
"Childrens Mucinex Cough",
"Childrens Mucinex Cough",
"Childrens Mucinex Cough",
"Childrens Mucinex Mini-Melts Chest Congestion",
"Childrens Mucinex Mini-Melts Cough",
"Childrens Mucinex Multi Symptom Cold and Childrens Mucinex Night Time Multi Symptom Cold",
"Childrens Mucinex Multi-Symptom Cold",
"Childrens Mucinex Multi-Symptom Cold",
"Childrens Mucinex Multi-Symptom Cold and Fever",
"Childrens Mucinex Stuffy Nose and Cold",
"Childrens Mucinex Stuffy Nose and Cold",
"Childrens Mucus and Cough Relief",
"Childrens Mucus and Cough Relief",
"Childrens Mucus and Cough Relief",
"Childrens Mucus Cough and Congestion Relief",
"Childrens Mucus Relief",
"Childrens mucus relief",
"Childrens mucus relief",
"Childrens Mucus Relief",
"Childrens mucus relief",
"Childrens Mucus Relief",
"Childrens Mucus Relief",
"Childrens Mucus Relief Cherry",
"Childrens Mucus Relief Chest Congestion",
"Childrens Mucus Relief Chest Congestion",
"Childrens Mucus Relief Chest Congestion Plus Cough",
"Childrens Mucus Relief Chest Congestion Plus Cough",
"Childrens Mucus Relief COUGH",
"Childrens Mucus Relief cough",
"Childrens Mucus Relief Cough",
"Childrens Mucus Relief Cough Cherry",
"Childrens Mucus Relief Cough Cherry",
"Childrens Mucus Relief Cough Cherry Liquid",
"Childrens Mucus Relief Cough, Cold and Sore Throat",
"Childrens Mucus Relief DM",
"Childrens Mucus Relief Expectorant Grape",
"Childrens Mucus Relief Multi Symptom Cold",
"Childrens Mucus Relief Multi Symptom Cold",
"Childrens mucus relief multi-symptom cold",
"Childrens Multi Symptom Cold",
"Childrens Multi Symptom Cold",
"Childrens Multi Symptom Cold",
"Childrens Multi-Symptom Cold",
"Childrens Multi-symptom Cold",
"Childrens Multi-symptom Cold",
"Childrens Multi-symptom Cold and Fever Liquid",
"Childrens Multi-Symptom Cold and Fever Relief",
"Childrens Relief Cherry",
"Childrens Robitussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Childrens Robitussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Childrens Robitussin Cough and Cold CF",
"Childrens Robitussin Elderberry Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Childrens Robitussin Honey Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Childrens Stuffy Nose and Cold",
"Childrens Tukol Multi-Symptom Cold and Flu",
"Childrens Tussin DM",
"Childrens Tussnex",
"Childrens Tussnex Multi-symptom cold",
"ChildrensRelief Expectorant Grape",
"Chlo Tuss EX",
"Chloresin",
"Choledyl Expectorant",
"Circle K Cold",
"Circle K Cold",
"Circle K Multi-Symptom Sinus Relief",
"Clophed",
"Coactifed",
"Codar GF",
"Codeine Guaifenesin",
"Codeine Guaifenesin",
"Codeine Phosphate and Guaifenesin",
"Codeine Phosphate and Guaifenesin",
"Codeine Phosphate and Guaifenesin",
"Codeine Phosphate and Guaifenesin",
"Codeine Phosphate and Guaifenesin",
"Codeine Phosphate Guaifenesin",
"Codeine-Guaifenesin",
"Codeine-Guaifenesin",
"Codeine-Guaifenesin",
"Codeine-Guaifenesin",
"Codeine-Guaifenesin",
"Codeine-Guaifenesin",
"Codeine-Guaifenesin",
"Codeine-Guaifenesin",
"Codeine-Guaifenesin",
"Codeine-guaifenesin",
"Codeine-Guaifenesin",
"Coditussin AC",
"Coditussin DAC",
"Colcol-S",
"Cold & Flu",
"Cold & Flu-IN-one",
"Cold & Sinus Liquid Fastgels",
"Cold and Chest Congestion Relief",
"Cold and Chest Congestion Relief",
"Cold and Cough",
"Cold and Cough MULTI-SYMPTOM DAYTIME / NIGHTTIME",
"Cold and Cough PE",
"cold and cough sinus relief PE NON-DROWSY",
"Cold and Flu",
"Cold and Flu",
"COLD and FLU",
"COLD and FLU",
"Cold and Flu",
"Cold and Flu All In One",
"Cold and Flu Capsules",
"Cold and Flu Day and Night, Severe",
"COLD and FLU DAYTIME MAXIMUM STRENGTH NON-DROWSY SEVERE",
"COLD and FLU DAYTIME MAXIMUM STRENGTH NON-DROWSY SEVERE",
"COLD and FLU DAYTIME MAXIMUM STRENGTH NON-DROWSY SEVERE",
"Cold and Flu Daytime Nighttime",
"Cold and Flu Daytime Severe",
"Cold and Flu Daytime Severe",
"Cold and Flu Daytime Severe",
"Cold and Flu Daytime Severe, 24/7 Life",
"Cold and Flu Daytime Severe, Nighttime Severe",
"Cold and Flu Daytime-nighttime",
"Cold and Flu Daytime, Nighttime",
"Cold and Flu DayTime, NightTime Severe",
"Cold and Flu Daytime, Nighttime, Maximum Strength",
"Cold and Flu Extra Strength Day",
"Cold and Flu maximum strength",
"Cold and Flu Multi-Symptom Daytime/Nighttime Severe",
"Cold and Flu Nighttime Relief Syrup Extra Strength",
"Cold and Flu plus Congestion Daytime",
"Cold and Flu Relief Non-Drowsy / Daytime Severe / Nighttime Severe",
"Cold and Flu Relief Severe",
"Cold and Flu Relief Severe",
"Cold and Flu Relief Severe Daytime",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Cold and Flu severe",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"COLD and FLU SEVERE",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Cold and Flu Severe Day Time / Night Time",
"Cold and Flu Severe Daytime",
"Cold and Flu Severe Daytime",
"Cold and Flu Severe Daytime and Nighttime",
"Cold and Flu Severe Daytime Nighttime",
"Cold and Flu Severe Daytime/Nighttime",
"Cold and Flu Severe, Day and Nighttime",
"Cold and Flu Severe, Day, Night",
"Cold and Flu Severe, Daytime, Nighttime",
"Cold and Flu-IN-one Extra Strength",
"Cold and Flu-IN-one Regular Strength",
"Cold and Head Congestion Relief Severe",
"Cold and Head Congestion Severe",
"Cold and Head Congestion Severe",
"Cold and Head Congestion Severe",
"Cold and Head Congestion Severe",
"Cold and Head Congestion Severe/Daytime",
"Cold and Sinus Complete Liquid Gels",
"Cold and Sinus Maximum Strength",
"Cold and Sinus Maximum Strength, Multi-Symptom",
"Cold and Sinus Maxium Strength",
"Cold and Sinus Pain Relief",
"cold and sinus PE",
"Cold and Sinus PE Pressure, Pain and Cold Non-Drowsy",
"Cold and Sinus Relief",
"Cold Chest Congestion PE Regular Strength",
"Cold Childrens, Multi Symptom",
"Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"COLD FLU and SORE THROAT RELIEF",
"COLD FLU and SORE THROAT RELIEF",
"COLD FLU and SORE THROAT RELIEF",
"COLD FLU and SORE THROAT RELIEF",
"COLD FLU and SORE THROAT RELIEF",
"COLD FLU and SORE THROAT RELIEF",
"Cold Flu and Sore Throat Relief Maximum Strength",
"Cold Flu Severe",
"Cold Flu Severe",
"Cold Flu Severe",
"Cold Flu Severe",
"Cold Flu Severe",
"Cold Flu Severe",
"Cold Flu Severe Day Night",
"Cold Flu Severe Day Night",
"Cold Flu Sore Throat",
"Cold Head Congestion Non-Drowsy",
"Cold Head Congestion Severe",
"Cold Head Congestion Severe",
"Cold Head Congestion Severe",
"Cold Head Congestion Severe",
"Cold Head Congestion Severe",
"Cold Head Congestion Severe",
"Cold Max Multi Symptom Severe",
"Cold Max Severe",
"Cold Medication Daytime Relief",
"Cold Multi Symptom Severe",
"Cold Multi-Symptom Day-time",
"Cold Multi-Symptom Severe",
"Cold Multi-Symptom Severe",
"Cold Multi-Symptom Severe",
"Cold Multi-Symptom Severe Day Time",
"Cold Pain Relief",
"Cold plus Flu Severe",
"Cold plus Flu Severe",
"Cold Plus Head Congestion Severe",
"Cold plus Head Congestion Severe",
"Cold relief",
"Cold Relief",
"Cold Relief",
"Cold Relief Cold and Flu Severe",
"Cold Relief Daytime",
"Cold Relief Head Congestion",
"Cold Relief Head Congestion Severe",
"Cold Relief Multi Symptom",
"Cold Relief Multi Symptom Severe",
"Cold Relief Multi-Symptom Severe",
"Cold Relief Multi-Symptom, Daytime, Nighttime, Non-drowsy",
"Cold Relief Severe",
"Cold Relief Severe Head Congestion",
"Cold Relief Severe Pain Cough",
"Cold Relief Severe, Multi-symptom",
"Cold Severe Congestion",
"Cold Sinus",
"Cold Tabs II",
"Cold Terminator Max",
"Cold-EEZE Childrens Daytime Cough and Chest Congestion Relief",
"Cold-EEZE Daytime Cold and Flu",
"COLD, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"COLD, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength, Multi-Symptom",
"Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Maxium Strength",
"Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Multi-Symptom",
"Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Relief Maximum Strength, Multi Symptom",
"Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Relief Maximum Strength, Multi Symptom",
"Cold, Flu, and Sore Throat",
"Cold, Flu, and Sore Throat",
"Cold, Flu, and Sore Throat",
"ColdaeWon Cold A",
"ColdaeWon Cold A Syrup",
"ColdaeWon Cough A",
"ColdaeWon Cough A Syrup",
"COLDTAC Plus",
"Complete Cold Relief",
"Complete Daytime Liquid Capsules",
"Complete Liquid Capsules",
"Complete One Cold and Flu Extra Strength",
"Complete One Cold and Flu Extra Strength Tablets",
"Complete One Cold and Flu Nightime Extra Strength Liquid",
"Compresso Ggf 95 Sa",
"Compresso Ggf 95 Sa",
"Congestac",
"Congestion and Cough Childrens",
"Congestion and Headache",
"Congestion and Headache",
"ConRx Cold",
"ConRx Cold",
"ConRX DayTime",
"ConRx Sinus",
"ConRx Sinus",
"Contac Cold Chest Congestion",
"Contac Complete Cough, Cold & Flu Syrup",
"Contac Cough & Cold Syrup",
"Cooling Severe Daytime",
"Cooling Severe Daytime",
"Cooling Severe Daytime Cooling Severe Nighttime",
"Cooling Severe Daytime Cooling Severe Nighttime",
"Core Values Tussin CF",
"Core Values Tussin DM",
"Coricidin Cold & Flu Liquid Gels",
"Coricidin HBP Chest Congestion And Cough",
"Coricidin HBP Day and Night",
"Coricidin HBP Maximum Strength Cold and Flu Day and Night",
"Coricidin HBP Maximum Strength Cold and Flu Day and Night",
"Coricidin HBP Maximum Strength Cold Flu And Chest Congestion",
"Coricidin HBP Maximum Strength Cold, Cough and Flu",
"Coricidin HBP Maximum Strength Cold, Cough and Flu",
"Coricidin II Chest Congestion and Cough",
"Cosedal Drops",
"Cough",
"Cough",
"Cough",
"Cough",
"Cough",
"Cough",
"Cough & Chest Congestion",
"Cough & Chest Congestion",
"Cough & Chest Congestion Extra Strength",
"Cough & Chest Congestion Extra Strength",
"Cough & Chest Congestion Liquid",
"Cough & Chest Congestion Regular Strength",
"Cough & Cold Relief",
"Cough & Cold Relief Extra Strength",
"Cough & Cold Relief Extra Strength",
"Cough & Cold Relief Regular Strength",
"Cough & Cold Soft Gel Caps",
"Cough & Congestion",
"Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Cough and Chest Congestion DM Adult",
"Cough and Chest Congestion DM Max",
"Cough and Chest Congestion DM Maximum Strength",
"Cough and Chest Congestion DM Maximum Strength",
"cough and chest congestion DM syrup",
"Cough and Chest Congestion Maximum Strength",
"Cough and Chest Congestion Syrup",
"Cough and Chest Congestion Syrup Extra Strength",
"Cough and Congestion DM",
"Cough and Congestion DM",
"Cough and Congestion DM Sugar Free",
"Cough and Congestion Extended Release",
"Cough and Flu Syrup",
"Cough Be Gone",
"Cough Be Gone",
"Cough Childrens",
"Cough childrens mucus relief",
"Cough Cold",
"Cough Cold and Sore Throat Childrens",
"Cough Control",
"Cough Control DM Max",
"Cough Control DM Sugar Free",
"Cough Control Extra Strength",
"Cough Formula Cough and Cold",
"Cough Mucus Relief DM",
"Cough Out",
"Cough Plus Chest Congestion Adult DM Max",
"Cough Plus Cold Relief Syrup",
"Cough Suppressant and Expectorant DM",
"Cough Syr W.cod. Pseudoephed.hcl Guaifenesin",
"Cough Syrup",
"Cough Syrup",
"Cough Syrup DM",
"Cough Syrup DM",
"Cough Syrup DM - Decongestant - Expectorant",
"Cough Syrup DM - Decongestant - Expectorant Extra Strength",
"Cough Syrup DM Decongestant and Expectorant With Acetaminophen",
"Cough Syrup DM Decongestant and Expectorant With Acetaminophen Extra Strength",
"Cough Syrup DM Decongestant Expectorant",
"Cough Syrup DM Decongestant Expectorant",
"Cough Syrup DM Decongestant Expectorant",
"Cough Syrup DM Decongestant Expectorant",
"Cough Syrup DM Expectorant",
"Cough Syrup DM Expectorant",
"Cough Syrup DM Expectorant",
"Cough Syrup DM Expectorant Extra Strength",
"Cough Syrup DM-D-E",
"Cough Syrup DM-D-E With Acetaminophen",
"Cough Syrup DM-D-E With Acetaminophen Extra Strength",
"Cough Syrup DM-decongestant Expectorant",
"Cough Syrup DM-decongestant-expectorant Extra Strength",
"Cough Syrup DM-E",
"Cough Syrup DM-expectorant",
"Cough Syrup E 100mg/5ml",
"Cough Syrup Expectorant",
"Cough Syrup Expectorant",
"Cough Syrup Expectorant",
"Cough Syrup With Codeine",
"Cough Syrup With Codeine",
"Cough Syrup With Codeine",
"Cough Tussin",
"CounterAct Cough",
"Counteract Cough Medicine - Liq",
"CounterAct Day",
"CounterAct Day",
"Covideze",
"Crane Safety Cold Relief",
"Crantex",
"Crantex",
"Crcle Guaifenesin Extended-Release Tablets, 600 mg",
"Crcle Guaifensin Extended Release Tablet, 1200 mg",
"Creo Grippe Enfants Sup",
"Creo Grippe Sup Adultes",
"Curist Mucus Relief",
"Curist Mucus Relief",
"Curist Mucus Relief Maximum Strength",
"Cvs",
"CVS - Childrens Mucus Relief Cough, Cold and Sore Throat",
"CVS - Childrens Stuffy Nose and Cold",
"Cvs Adult Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"CVS Adult Cough plus Chest Congestion DM Max with Honey",
"CVS Adult Mucus chest congestion",
"CVS Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"CVS Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"CVS Chest Congestion Relief PE",
"CVS Childrens Cough Relief",
"CVS Daytime and Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu Relief Bundle",
"CVS DayTime and NightTime Value Pack Cold and Flu",
"CVS Daytime Cold and Flu Relief",
"CVS Daytime COLD and FLU RELIEF and Nighttime COLD and FLU RELIEF",
"CVS Daytime COLD and FLU RELIEF and Nighttime COLD and FLU RELIEF",
"CVS Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief Softgels",
"CVS HEALTH Chest Congestion Relief",
"CVS HEALTH Chest Congestion Relief",
"CVS Health Chest Congestion Relief PE",
"CVS Health Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"CVS Maximum Strength",
"CVS Maximum Strength Cold and Flu Relief",
"CVS Maximum Strength Cold and Flu Relief",
"CVS Maximum Strength Severe Congestion and Cough",
"CVS Maximum Strength Severe Congestion and Cough Overnight Cold and Flu Clear and cool",
"CVS Mucus Relief DM and Overnight Cold and Flu",
"CVS Mucus Relief DM Maximum Strength",
"CVS Severe Congestion and Pain Relief",
"CVS Severe Multi-Symptom Cough Cold Flu",
"Cvs Sugar Free Adult Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Day and Night Cold",
"Day and Night Cold PE",
"Day and Night Sinus",
"Day and Night Sinus Maximum Strength",
"Day and Night Sinus Relief Maximum Strength",
"Day Cold and Flu Night Cold and Flu",
"Day Relief",
"Day Severe Cold and Night Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Day Severe Cold and Night Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Day Severe Cold Night Cold and Flu",
"Day Severe Cold Night Cold and Flu",
"Day Time Cold and Flu Severe",
"Day Time Cold Head Congestion Severe",
"Day Time Cold Multi-Symptom Cool Blast",
"Day Time Night Time Severe Cold and Flu",
"Day Time Severe",
"Day-night Severe Cold and Flu",
"DayClear COUGH COLD AND FLU",
"DayClear SINUS PAIN AND PRESSURE",
"DayQuil and Nyquil Severe plus Vicks VapoCool Cold and Flu",
"DayQuil and NyQuil VapoCOOL SEVERE COLD and FLU plus CONGESTION",
"Dayquil Complete",
"Dayquil Complete + Vicks Vapocool",
"Dayquil Complete + Vicks Vapocool Cold & Flu Liquid",
"Dayquil Cough DM + Congestion",
"Dayquil Liquicaps",
"DayQuil Severe",
"DayQuil Severe",
"DayQuil Severe Cold and Flu",
"DayQuil Severe Plus VapoCOOL Cold And Flu",
"Dayquil Severe Plus Vapocool Cold and Flu",
"DayQuil Severe plus VapoCOOL Cold and Flu, CVP HEALTH",
"DayQuil Severe plus VapoCOOL Cold and Flu, Travel BASIX",
"DayQuil Severe plus Vicks VapoCool",
"DayQuil Severe plus Vicks VapoCool",
"DayQuil Severe plus Vicks VapoCool Cold and Flu",
"DayQuil Severe Plus Vicks Vapocool Cold and Flu",
"DayQuil Severe VapoCool",
"DayQuil VapoCOOL SEVERE COLD and FLU plus CONGESTION",
"Daytime",
"Daytime",
"DAYTIME and Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Daytime and Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Daytime and Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Daytime and Nighttime Cough and Chest Congestion Childrens",
"Daytime and Nighttime Cough Relief",
"DAYTIME and NIGHTTIME SEVERE COLD AND FLU DAYTIME NON DROWSY NIGHTTIME",
"DAYTIME and Nighttime Sinus Relief",
"Daytime and Nighttime Sinus Relief",
"Daytime Cold & Flu Liquid Capsules",
"Daytime Cold and Flu",
"Daytime Cold and Flu",
"Daytime Cold and Flu",
"DAYTIME COLD AND FLU Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Cold and Flu Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Daytime Cold and Flu Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Daytime Cold and Flu Nitetime Cold and Flu",
"Daytime Cold and Flu Relief",
"Daytime Cold and Flu Relief",
"DayTime Cold and Flu Relief",
"DayTime Cold and Flu Severe and NightTime Cold and Flu Severe",
"Daytime Cold and Flu Severe, Caseys 4goog",
"Daytime Cold and Pain Relief",
"Daytime Cold Medication Liquid Fastgels",
"Daytime Cold Relief Multi Symptom",
"Daytime Complete",
"Daytime Cough Cold & Flu Liquid Gels",
"Daytime Cough. Cold. Flu Gel Capsules",
"Daytime Fast Severe Cold Relief Nitetime Fast Cold and Flu Relief",
"Daytime Liquid - Liq",
"DayTime Maximum Strength Cold and Flu",
"Daytime Mucus Relief Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Daytime Mucus Relief Severe Cold and Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"DayTime Mucus Relief Severe Cold and Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"DayTime Mucus Relief Severe Cold and Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Mucus Relief Severe Cold and Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Mucus Relief Severe Cold and Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Mucus Relief Severe Cold and Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Mucus Relief Severe Cold and Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Mucus Relief Severe Cold Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Mucus Relief Severe Cold Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Mucus Relief Severe Cold Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Mucus Relief Severe Cold Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Mucus Relief Severe Cold/Nighttime Mucus Relief Cold and Flu",
"Daytime Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough and Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough and Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Nightime Severe Cold",
"Daytime Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Daytime Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Daytime Nighttime Multi Symptom Cold Childrens",
"Daytime Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Daytime Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Daytime Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu",
"DAYTIME NIGHTTIME SEVERE COLD AND FLU Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Daytime Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Daytime Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Daytime Nighttime Sinus Relief Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Nighttime Sinus Relief Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Nighttime Sinus Relief Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Nighttime Sinus Relief Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Nighttime Sinus Relief Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Nighttime Sinus Relief Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Nitetime Cold and Flu",
"DayTime NiteTime Severe",
"Daytime Relief Complete",
"Daytime Relief Complete Liquid Gels",
"Daytime Relief Severe Cold and Flu",
"Daytime Severe",
"Daytime Severe",
"Daytime Severe",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Daytime SEVERE COLD and FLU",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"DayTime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"DayTime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"DayTime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Daytime Severe Cold And Flu Relief Maximum strength",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief Softgels",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief Softgels",
"Daytime Severe Cold Multi-symptom",
"Daytime Severe Cold Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"DayTime Severe Congestion Relief and Nighttime Severe Cough and Congestion Relief Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Severe Sinus Congestion and Pain",
"Daytime Sinus Nighttime Sinus Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Sinus Nighttime Sinus Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Sinus Severe",
"Daytime-nighttime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Daytime, Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"DayTime/NiteTime Severe Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Deconex",
"Deconex DM",
"Deconex Dmx",
"Deconex Dmx",
"Deconex DMX",
"Deconex Ir",
"Deconex IR",
"Defensol Adult Syrup",
"Defensol-ito",
"Defensolito Children Syrup",
"Delsym Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Delsym Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM and Delsym Cough Plus Cold Night Time",
"Delsym Cough Plus Cold Day Time",
"Delsym Cough Plus Cold Day Time",
"Delsym Cough Plus Cold Day Time and Delsym Cough Plus Cold Night Time",
"Desgen DM",
"Desgen DM",
"DESGEN DM Tabs",
"Desgen Pediatric",
"Despec",
"Despec",
"Despec DM",
"Despec DM",
"Despec DM Tabs",
"Despec EDA Drops",
"Despec NR",
"Despec-DM Tabs",
"Despec-Tab",
"Despec-Tab",
"Dex-Tuss",
"Dextromethorphan HBr and Guaifenesin",
"Dextromethorphan HBr and Guaifenesin",
"Dextromethorphan HBr, Guaifenesin",
"Dextromethorphan Hbr, Guaifenesin",
"Dextromethorphan HBr. and Guaifenesin",
"Dextromethorphan HBr. and Guaifenesin",
"DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE and GUAIFENESIN",
"DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE and GUAIFENESIN",
"DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE and GUAIFENESIN",
"DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE and GUAIFENESIN",
"DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE and GUAIFENESIN",
"DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE and GUAIFENESIN",
"DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE, Guaifenesin, and PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE",
"DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE, GUAIFENESIN, and PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE",
"Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine Hydrochloride",
"Dg Health Adult Tussin",
"DG Health adult tussin multi symptom cold",
"Dg Health Childrens Mucus Relief",
"DG Health Childrens Mucus Relief Cough",
"DG Health Cold and Flu Relief",
"DG Health Cold and Flu Relief Daytime",
"Dg Health Cold and Flu Severe",
"DG Health Cold and Flu Severe",
"Dg Health Cold Head Congestion Severe Day Time",
"DG Health cold multi symptom severe",
"Dg Health Day Time Severe Cold and Flu",
"Dg Health Day Time Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Dg Health Day Time Severe Cold and Flu Relief Night Time Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"DG Health DayTime SEVERE Cold and Flu",
"DG Health Fast Acting Mucus Relief Severe Cold",
"DG Health Fast Acting Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cold",
"DG Health Immediate Release Mucus Relief",
"DG health mucus dm",
"DG Health Mucus DM",
"DG health mucus dm",
"DG Health Mucus ER",
"DG Health Mucus ER",
"DG Health Mucus ER",
"Dg Health Mucus ER Max",
"Dg Health Mucus Relief",
"DG Health Mucus Relief",
"DG Health Mucus Relief",
"Dg Health Mucus Relief ER",
"DG Health Tussin",
"Dg Health Tussin",
"DG Health tussin cf adult cough and cold",
"Dg Health Tussin DM Adult",
"Diabetic Maximum Strength Siltussin DM DAS-Na",
"Diabetic Siltussin DAS-Na",
"Diabetic Siltussin DAS-Na",
"Diabetic Siltussin DM DAS-Na",
"Diabetic Siltussin DM DAS-Na",
"Diabetic Siltussin DM DAS-Na",
"Diabetic Tussin DM",
"Diabetic Tussin DM",
"Diabetic Tussin DM",
"Diabetic Tussin DM Maximum Strength",
"Diabetic Tussin DM Maximum Strength",
"Diabetic Tussin Expectorant",
"Diabetic Tussin Expectorant",
"Diabetic Tussin Expectorant",
"Diabetic Tussin Expectorant",
"Diabetic Tussin Mucus Relief",
"Diabetic Tussin Mucus Relief",
"Dilex-G 400",
"Dimacol",
"Dimetane Expectorant C",
"Dimetane Expectorant Dc",
"Dimetane Expectorant Liq",
"Dimetane Expectorant-C Syr",
"Dimetane Expectorant-DC Syr",
"Dimetapp Cough & Congestion Liquid",
"Diphen",
"Discount Drugmart Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"DM + Expectorant Extra Strength Syrup",
"DM + Expectorant Syrup",
"DM Cough and Congestion Relief Adult non-Drowsy Sugar Free",
"DM Cough Syrup Antitussive and Expectorant",
"DM Expectorant (extra Strength) Syrup",
"DM Expectorant Cough Syrup",
"DM MAX Maxium Strength",
"DM Max Relief Maximum Strength",
"DM Plus Decongestant Plus Expector.ex.st.syr",
"DM Plus Decongestant Plus Expectorant Cough Syrup",
"DM Plus Expectorant Syrup",
"DM-D-expectorant Cough and Cold Syrup",
"DM-decongestant-expectorant (extra Strength) Syrup",
"DM-decongestant-expectorant Syrup",
"DM-expectorant Syrup",
"Doc in the Box All Day Supply",
"Dollar General Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"DoloMax Cold Cough",
"DoloMax Cold Cough",
"Dometuss-DM",
"Dometuss-dmx",
"Dometuss-G",
"Dometuss-G",
"Donatuss DC",
"Donatussin",
"Donatussin DROPS",
"Double Tussin Intense Cough Reliever DM",
"Dover Coldonyl",
"Dr. Cocoa Mucus Relief",
"DrKids Childrens Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"DrKids Childrens Multi Symptom Cold Cough and Congestion DM",
"DRx Choice Children daytime Cough and Chest Congestion",
"DRx Choice Childrens Stuffy Nose and Chest Congestion",
"DRx Choice Fruit Punch",
"Duraflu",
"Duraflu",
"Duravent DM",
"Duravent PE",
"Dy G",
"Dymetadrine 25 - Tab",
"Dyphylline and Guaifenesin",
"Dyphylline GG",
"Dyphylline Gg",
"Dyphylline GG ES",
"Ed Bron Gp",
"Endacon",
"Entex LA",
"Entex LA",
"Entex LA Tablets Srt",
"Entex Lq",
"Entex LQ",
"Entex PAC",
"Entex T",
"Entre-Cough",
"Ephed Asthma",
"Ephed Plus",
"Ephed Plus Liquid",
"Ephedrine V With Guaifenesin",
"Equaline Adult Tussin",
"Equaline adult tussin cough and chest congestion",
"Equaline Chest Congestion Relief",
"Equaline Chest Congestion Relief DM DM",
"Equaline Childrens Mucus Relief",
"Equaline Daytime Cold and Flu Fast Relief Nighttime Cold and Flu Fast Relief",
"Equaline Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Equaline Daytime Severe Cold Fast Relief Nighttime Cold and Flu Fast Relief",
"Equaline Mucus DM",
"Equaline Mucus DM",
"Equaline Mucus DM",
"Equaline Mucus ER",
"Equaline Mucus ER",
"Equaline mucus relief",
"Equaline Mucus Relief",
"Equaline Mucus Relief",
"Equaline Tussin",
"Equaline tussin adult",
"Equaline tussin chest congestion",
"Equaline tussin cough and chest congestion dm max",
"Equaline Tussin Cough and Cold",
"Equaline Tussin Mucus and Chest Congestion",
"Equaline Tussin Multi Symptom",
"Equate Adult Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Equate Adult Tussin DM Max",
"Equate Adult Tussin DM Max Daytime Nighttime",
"Equate Childrens Multi Symptom Cold",
"Equate Cold and Flu",
"Equate Daytime Cold and Flu",
"Equate Daytime Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Equate DayTime NiteTime Severe",
"Equate DayTime Severe",
"Equate Daytime Severe",
"Equate daytime severe vaporice cold and flu nighttime severe vapor ice cold and flu",
"Equate Daytime Vapor Ice Cold and Flu",
"Equate Mucus D",
"Equate Mucus D",
"Equate Mucus DM",
"Equate Mucus ER",
"Equate Mucus ER Max",
"Equate Mucus Relief",
"Equate Mucus Relief DM",
"Equate Tussin Adult Chest Congestion",
"Equate Tussin CF",
"Equate Tussin DM adult",
"Equate Tussin DM Max",
"EQUATE Tussin DM Max Daytime Nighttime",
"Equate Vapor Ice Cold and Flu",
"Exactuss Total Release",
"Exall",
"Exall D",
"Excaugh",
"Excaugh",
"Exchange Select Mucus DM",
"ExeClear C",
"ExeFen DMX",
"ExeFen IR",
"ExeFen IR",
"Expectorant",
"Expectorant",
"Expectorant (extra Strength) Syrup",
"Expectorant (regular Strength) Cough Syrup",
"expectorant 12 Hour",
"Expectorant Cough Childrens",
"Expectorant Cough Formula Syr 100mg/5ml",
"Expectorant Cough Syrup 100mg/5ml",
"Expectorant Cough Syrup 100mg/5ml",
"Expectorant DM Cough Extra Strength",
"Expectorant DM Cough Extra Strength With Decongestant",
"Expectorant DM Cough Syrup",
"Expectorant Guaifenesin Extended-release",
"Expectorant plus Cough Relief",
"Expectorant Syrup",
"Expectorant Syrup (sucrose Free)",
"Expectorant Syrup Extra Strength",
"Expectorant Tab DM",
"Expectorant-decongestant Syrup",
"EXPECTUSS Liquid",
"Extra action Cough",
"Extra action Cough",
"Extra Strength Cough Plus Cold Relief Syrup",
"Extra Strength Cough Syrup Expectorant",
"Extra Strength E (expectorant Syrup)",
"Extra Strength Mucous Relief Chest",
"Extra Strength Mucous Relief Cough",
"Extra Strength Neocitran Cold Syrup With Mucus Relief",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Complete Cold, Cough & Flu",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Complete Cold, Cough & Flu Daytime",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Complete Cold, Cough & Flu Plus Mucus Relief",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Complete Cold, Cough & Flu Plus Mucus Relief Nighttime",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Congested Cough Caplets",
"Facol Classic One",
"Facol Cold and Flu Day",
"Facol Cold and Flu Day and Night",
"Facol Cold and Flu Night",
"Family Care Cough and Cold",
"Family Care Multi Symptom Cold",
"Family Wellness Chest Congestion Relief",
"Family Wellness Chest Congestion Relief DM DM",
"Fast Acting Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Relief",
"Fast Acting Cough Relief DM",
"Fast Acting Mucus Relief Maximum Strength Severe Cough and Congestion",
"Fast Cold and Flu Relief",
"Fast Dissolving Daytime - Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Fast Maximum Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Fast Mucus Relief",
"Fast Mucus Relief",
"Fast Mucus Relief",
"Fast Mucus Relief",
"Fast Mucus Relief",
"Fast Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength Multi-Symptom",
"First Aid Direct Cough Relief DM",
"Flowtuss",
"Flowtuss",
"Flu Relief Cold and Chest Congestion",
"Flu, Cough & Cold Complete",
"Flu, Cough & Cold Complete Day and Night",
"Flutabs",
"FormuCare Cough Syrup DM",
"Foster and Thrive Chest Congestion Relief",
"Foster and Thrive Chest Congestion Relief DM DM",
"Foster and Thrive Chest Congestion Relief PE PE",
"Foster and Thrive Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Foster and Thrive Mucus Relief",
"Foster and Thrive Mucus Relief D",
"Foster and Thrive Mucus Relief D",
"Freds Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"G Tron",
"G Tussin AC",
"G-bronco-D",
"G-Supress DX",
"G-tron Ped",
"G-tron Pediatric Drops",
"G-tusicof",
"G-Tuss-NL",
"G-Tuss-NL Ped",
"G-Xpect PSE",
"G-zyncof",
"Gadavyt Cough",
"Gadavyt Cough DM",
"Ganituss Nr",
"Geri-Tussin",
"Geri-Tussin",
"Geri-Tussin",
"Geri-Tussin DM",
"Geri-tussin DM",
"Geri-tussin Expectorant",
"Geri-tussin Expectorant",
"Geri-tussin Expectorant",
"Gilphex",
"Gilphex",
"Gilphex TR",
"Giltuss",
"Giltuss Childrens Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Giltuss Childrens Cough and Cold",
"Giltuss Cough and Cold",
"Giltuss Cough and Cold",
"Giltuss Diabetic Cough and Cold",
"Giltuss EX Expectorant",
"Giltuss HBP Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Giltuss Honey Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Giltuss Pediatric",
"Giltuss Sinus and Chest Congestion",
"Giltuss Total Release",
"Giltuss TR",
"Giltuss TR",
"GNP Mucus Relief PE",
"good neighbor pharmacy adult tussin DM",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Childrens Mucus Relief",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Cold Multi Symptom",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Cold Severe",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Day Time",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Day Time Severe",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Mucus D",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Mucus DM",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Mucus DM",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy mucus er",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Mucus ER",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Mucus ER",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Mucus Relief",
"Good neighbor pharmacy mucus relief",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Mucus Relief cold and sinus",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Mucus Relief DM",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Mucus Relief PE PE",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Mucus Relief Severe Cold",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Mucus Relief Severe Cold Cold and Flu Night Time",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cold",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Severe Day Time",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Sinus Relief",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Sinus Relief",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Sinus Relief Day Time Night Time",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Tab Tussin DM DMTDM",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy TabTussin",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Tussin",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Tussin",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Tussin",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Tussin CF",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Tussin CF Max",
"good neighbor pharmacy tussin CF Max",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Tussin DM",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Tussin dm",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Tussin DM Max",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Tussin DM Max",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy tussin dm max adult",
"Good Sense Adult Tussin DM",
"Good Sense Childrens Mucus Relief",
"Good Sense Childrens Mucus Relief Cough",
"Good Sense Cold and Flu Severe",
"Good Sense Cold Head Congestion Severe",
"Good Sense cold multi symptom",
"Good Sense Day Time",
"Good Sense Day Time Cold and Flu",
"Good Sense Day Time Night Time Cold and Flu",
"Good Sense Mucus D",
"Good Sense Mucus DM",
"Good Sense Mucus DM",
"Good Sense Mucus DM",
"Good Sense Mucus ER",
"Good Sense Mucus ER",
"Good Sense Mucus ER",
"Good Sense Mucus ER",
"Good Sense Mucus Relief",
"Good Sense Mucus Relief Cold and Sinus",
"Good Sense Mucus Relief cold flu and sore throat",
"Good Sense Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Good Sense Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cold",
"Good Sense Severe Cold",
"Good Sense Severe Day Time Cold and Flu",
"Good Sense Severe Daytime Cold and Flu",
"Good Sense Severe Daytime Cold and Flu",
"Good Sense Severe Daytime Cold and Flu Severe Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Good Sense Severe Tussin CF Max",
"Good Sense Sinus Relief",
"Good Sense Tussin CF",
"Good Sense Tussin CF",
"Good Sense Tussin CF Cough and Cold",
"Good Sense Tussin CF Cough and Cold",
"Good Sense Tussin CF Max",
"Good Sense Tussin CF Max",
"Good Sense Tussin Chest Congestion",
"Good Sense Tussin DM",
"Good Sense Tussin DM",
"Good Sense Tussin DM",
"Good Sense Tussin DM",
"Good Sense Tussin DM",
"Good Sense Tussin DM",
"Good Sense Tussin DM",
"Good Sense Tussin DM Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Good Sense Tussin DM Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Good Sense Tussin DM Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Good Sense tussin dm max",
"Good Sense Tussin DM Max",
"Good Sense Tussin Mucus and Chest Congestion",
"Goyescas 7 Syrups Alcohol and Sugar Free Cough and Cold",
"Goyescas 7 Syrups Original Cough and Cold",
"Goyescas 7 Syrups with Bee Honey Cough and Cold",
"Goyescas Broncovac 1 Cough and Cold",
"Goyescas Broncovac 2 Cough and Cold",
"Goyescas Broncovac 3 Cough and Cold",
"Green Guard Cough and Cold Relief",
"Green Guard Cough and Cold Relief",
"Green Tussin DM",
"Green Tussin Pediatric",
"Green Tussin SUGAR FREE DM",
"Guaap",
"Guaiasorb DM",
"Guaiasorb DM",
"Guaiatussin AC",
"Guaiatussin AC Sugar Free",
"Guaiatussin AC Sugar Free",
"Guaiatussin AC Sugar Free",
"Guaifen/ac",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin",
"Guaifenesin - Odaat 1200 mg",
"Guaifenesin 1200 mg",
"Guaifenesin 1200 mg",
"Guaifenesin 1200 mg",
"Guaifenesin 1200 mg",
"Guaifenesin 200mg",
"Guaifenesin 200mg",
"Guaifenesin 200mg",
"Guaifenesin 200mg",
"Guaifenesin 400",
"Guaifenesin 400mg",
"Guaifenesin 400mg",
"Guaifenesin 400mg Caplets",
"Guaifenesin 600 mg",
"Guaifenesin 600 mg",
"Guaifenesin 600 mg",
"Guaifenesin 600 mg",
"Guaifenesin 600 mg",
"Guaifenesin AC",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"GUAIFENESIN and CODEINE PHOSPHATE",
"GUAIFENESIN and CODEINE PHOSPHATE",
"GUAIFENESIN and CODEINE PHOSPHATE",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate SF",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hbr",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hbr",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"GUAIFENESIN AND DEXTROMETHORPHAN HBr",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBR",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBR",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBR",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBR",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBR",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide HBR",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Oral Solution",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Oral Solution",
"guaifenesin and phenylephrine hydrochloride Sustained-Release",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCL",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCL",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Guaifenesin and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride Extended Release",
"Guaifenesin and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride Extended Release",
"Guaifenesin and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride Extended Release",
"Guaifenesin D",
"Guaifenesin D",
"Guaifenesin D",
"Guaifenesin D",
"Guaifenesin DAC",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Guaifenesin Extended Release",
"Guaifenesin Extended Release",
"Guaifenesin Extended Release",
"Guaifenesin Extended Release",
"Guaifenesin Extended Release",
"Guaifenesin Extended Release",
"Guaifenesin Extended Release",
"Guaifenesin Extended Release",
"Guaifenesin Extended Release",
"Guaifenesin Extended Release",
"Guaifenesin Extended Release",
"Guaifenesin Extended Release",
"Guaifenesin Extended Release 1200 mg",
"Guaifenesin Extended Release 600 mg",
"Guaifenesin Extended Release 600 mg",
"Guaifenesin Extended Release 600 mg",
"Guaifenesin Extended Release Extended Release",
"Guaifenesin Extended-Release",
"Guaifenesin Extended-Release",
"Guaifenesin Extended-Release",
"Guaifenesin Extended-Release 1200 mg",
"Guaifenesin Extended-Release 600 mg",
"Guaifenesin Extended-Release Tablets, 600mg",
"Guaifenesin Nr",
"Guaifenesin Phenylephrine Dextromethorphan",
"Guaifenesin Syrup and Dextromethorphan",
"Guaifenesin Syrup and Dextromethorphan",
"Guaifenesin Syrup Extra Strength 200mg/5ml",
"Guaifenesin-DM Nr",
"Guaifenesin, Dextromethorphan Hbr",
"Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine Hydrochloride",
"Guaifenesine Liq 100mg/5ml",
"Guaifenesine Liq 100mg/5ml Sans Sucrose",
"Guaifensin Extended-Release Tablets, 1200 mg",
"Guaitussin DM Cough Formula Syr",
"Guaitussin DM Syrup",
"Guiadrine DX",
"Guiafenesin",
"Guiatex PE",
"Guiatuss",
"Guiatuss",
"Guiatuss DM",
"H E B MAX SEVERE CONGESTION and COUGH Maxium Strength",
"Handy Solutions Cold Relief",
"Handy Solutions Cold Relief",
"Handy Solutions Sinus Congestion and Pain Relief",
"Harmon Face Values Tussin CF",
"Harmon Face Values Tussin DM Adult",
"Harris Teeter Mucus Relief D",
"Harris Teeter Mucus Relief DM",
"Harris Teeter Mucus Relief Max",
"Harris Teeter Sinus Relief",
"Harris Teeter Sinus Relief",
"Harris Teeter Tussin",
"Harris Teeter Tussin",
"Harris Teeter Tussin",
"Harris Teeter Tussin",
"Harris Teeter Tussin",
"Head and Cold",
"Head Congestion",
"Head Congestion and Cold Relief Daytime",
"Head Congestion and Flu Severe",
"Head Congestion and Flu Severe Relief",
"Head Congestion and Mucus",
"Head Congestion and Mucus",
"Head Congestion Cold Relief Severe Non-Drowsy",
"Head Congestion Flu Severe PE",
"Head Congestion Flu Severe PE",
"Head Congestion Mucus PE",
"Head Congestion Mucus PE",
"Head Congestion plus Flu Severe",
"Head Congestion plus Flu Severe",
"Head Congestion plus Flu Severe PE",
"head congestion plus flu severe PE",
"Head Congestion Plus Flu Severe PE",
"Head Congestion plus Flu Severe PE",
"Head Congestion plus Flu Severe PE",
"Head Congestion plus Flu Severe PE",
"Head Congestion Plus Mucus PE",
"head congestion plus mucus PE",
"Head Congestion plus Mucus PE",
"Head Congestion plus Mucus PE",
"Health Mart Adult Tussin",
"Health Mart Adult Tussin",
"Health Mart Adult Tussin",
"Health Mart Adult Tussin",
"Health Mart Adult Tussin",
"Health Mart Adult Tussin DM",
"Health Mart Childrens Mucus Relief Cough",
"Health Mart Daytime",
"Health Mart daytime",
"Health Mart Mucus ER",
"Health Mart Mucus ER",
"Health Mart mucus relief d",
"Health Mart mucus relief DM",
"Health Mart Severe Cold and Flu",
"HealthMart Chest Congestion Relief",
"HealthMart Chest Congestion Relief DMDM DM",
"HealthMart Mucus Relief FM",
"HealthMart Mucus Relief FM",
"HealthMart Mucus Relief FM",
"Healthy Accents Childrens Mucus Relief",
"Healthy Accents Cold and Flu",
"Healthy Accents cold head congestion daytime non drowsy",
"Healthy Accents Daytime Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Healthy Accents Mucus Relief",
"Healthy Accents Mucus Relief",
"Healthy Accents Mucus Relief cold and sinus",
"Healthy Accents Mucus Relief cold flu and sore throat",
"healthy accents mucus relief D",
"Healthy Accents Mucus Relief DM",
"Healthy Accents Mucus Relief Severe Cold",
"Healthy Accents Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cold",
"Healthy Accents Sinus Relief",
"Healthy Accents Sinus Relief",
"Healthy Accents Tussin",
"Healthy Accents Tussin CF",
"Healthy Accents Tussin Chest Congestion Adult",
"Healthy Accents Tussin DM",
"Healthy Accents Tussin DM Adult Sugar Free",
"Healthy Accents Tussin DM cough and chest congestion",
"High Blood Pressure Chest Congestion and Cough",
"Histenol Forte II",
"Histenol Forte II",
"Histenol II",
"Histiacil Cough",
"Ht-tuss DM",
"Humana Pharmacy Tussin Multi Symptom Cold",
"Hycofenix",
"Hycofenix",
"Hydrocodone Bitartrate and Guaifenesin",
"Hydrocodone/Guaifenesin",
"I D M Expectorant Tab",
"I.D.M. Solution",
"Igualtuss",
"Immediate-release Mucus Relief DM",
"Iophen C NR",
"Iophen DM NR",
"Iophen NR",
"J-max",
"J-max Dhc",
"Jack & Jill Cough Syrup",
"Jack & Jill Expectorant",
"Jack & Jill Honey Cough & Cold",
"Jamo",
"Jay-Phyl",
"Kids Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Kids Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Kids Cough Daytime Nighttime Combo",
"Kids-EEZE Chest Relief",
"King-Tuss SF",
"Kirkland Signature Mucus DM",
"Klernaz",
"KMart - Fast Maximum Cold and Sinus",
"KMart - Fast Maximum Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Relief",
"KMart - Fast Maximum DM MAX",
"KMart - Fast Maximum Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Koffex DM + Decongestant + Expectorant",
"Koffex DM + Decongestant + Expectorant Extra Strength",
"Koffex DM + Expectorant",
"Koffex DM + Expectorant Extra Strength",
"Koffex DM-D-E - Liq",
"Koffex Expectorant",
"Koffex Expectorant Sans Sucrose",
"Kroger Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"Kroger Cough Cold and Flu",
"Kroger Maximum Strength Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Kroger Mucus Relief",
"Kroger Sinus Pain and Pressure",
"L-Oral COUGH RELIEF Syrup",
"Leader Adult Tussin Chest Congestion",
"Leader Adult Tussin DM",
"Leader Adult Tussin Mucus Plus Chest Congestion",
"Leader Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"Leader Chest Congestion Relief G450",
"Leader Chest Congestion Relief G450",
"LEADER Chest Congestion Relief PE",
"Leader Chest Congestion Relief Plus DMDM DM",
"Leader Childrens Mucus and Cough Relief",
"Leader Childrens Mucus Relief",
"Leader Childrens Mucus Relief Cough",
"Leader Childrens Mucus Relief Multi Symptom Cold",
"Leader Childrens Multi Symptom Cold",
"Leader Cold Head Congestion",
"Leader Cough Tabs",
"Leader Day Time",
"Leader Day Time",
"Leader Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Leader Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"LEADER iNTENSE COUGH RELIEVER",
"Leader Maximum Strength Mucus Relief DM",
"Leader Mucus DM",
"Leader Mucus DM",
"Leader Mucus ER",
"Leader Mucus ER",
"Leader Mucus ER Max",
"Leader Mucus Relief",
"Leader Mucus Relief Childrens",
"Leader mucus relief cold and sinus",
"Leader Mucus Relief Cold and Sinus",
"Leader Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Leader Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Leader Mucus Relief D",
"Leader Mucus Relief Sever Cold",
"Leader Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cold",
"Leader Severe Cold and Flu",
"Leader severe cold and flu",
"Leader sinus relief",
"Leader Sinus Relief",
"Leader Sinus Relief",
"Leader TabTussin 400",
"Leader TabTussin DM TDM",
"Leader Tussin",
"Leader Tussin",
"Leader Tussin",
"Leader Tussin",
"Leader Tussin CF",
"Leader Tussin CF",
"Leader Tussin CF",
"Leader Tussin CF Max",
"Leader Tussin DM",
"Leader Tussin DM",
"Leader Tussin DM",
"Leader Tussin DM",
"Leader Tussin DM",
"Leader Tussin DM",
"Leader Tussin DM Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Leader tussin dm max adult",
"Libera Tos",
"Libera Tos",
"Libera Tos",
"Licorice Coughing Liquid",
"Lil Drug Store Cold Relief",
"Lil Drug Store Cold Relief",
"Lil Drug Store Multi-Symptom Sinus Relief",
"Lil Drug Store Multi-Symptom Sinus Relief",
"Lil Drug Store Multi-Symptom Sinus Severe Congestion",
"Lil Drug Store Tylenol Cold plus Flu Severe",
"Lil Drug Store Tylenol Sinus Severe",
"Limpia Pecho",
"Liqufruta",
"Liquibid D-R",
"Liquibid PD-R",
"Liquituss GG",
"Little Remedies Little Colds Mucus Relief Expectorant Melt Aways",
"Lortuss EX",
"Lortuss EX",
"Lufyllin -GG",
"Lusair",
"M-clear Wc",
"Madame Pearl's Cough Syrup",
"Madame Pearl's Cough Syrup",
"MAR-COF CG Expectorant",
"Marcs Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"Marcs Mucus Relief",
"MAX Cold, Flu, and Sore Throat",
"MAX Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"MAX Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Sugar Free",
"MAX Tussin Mucus and Chest Congestion Sugar Free",
"Maxi-Tuss AC",
"Maxi-Tuss G",
"Maxi-Tuss GMX",
"Maxi-Tuss PE Jr",
"Maxi-Tuss PE Max",
"Maxifed",
"Maximum Strength Adult Cough plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Maximum Strength Chest Congestion and Cough",
"Maximum Strength Cold and Flu",
"Maximum Strength Cold and Flu",
"Maximum Strength Cold and Flu",
"Maximum Strength Cold and Flu",
"Maximum Strength Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Maximum Strength Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Maximum Strength Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Maximum Strength Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Maximum Strength Cough and Congestion Extended Release",
"Maximum Strength Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Maximum Strength Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Maximum Strength Daytime - Nighttime Cold and Flu Cold and Flu",
"Maximum Strength Daytime Cold/Flu Relief",
"Maximum Strength Daytime Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Maximum Strength Daytime Nighttime Sinus Relief",
"Maximum Strength Daytime Non Drowsy Severe Cold and Flu",
"Maximum Strength DM MAX",
"Maximum Strength Mucinex Fast-Max Cold and Flu",
"Maximum Strength Mucinex Fast-Max Cold and Flu",
"Maximum Strength Mucinex Fast-Max Cold and Flu",
"Maximum Strength Mucinex Fast-Max Cold and Flu",
"Maximum Strength Mucinex Fast-Max Cold and Flu and Mucinex NightShift Severe Cold and Flu",
"Maximum Strength Mucinex Fast-Max Cold and Flu and Mucinex NightShift Severe Cold and Flu",
"Maximum Strength Mucinex Fast-Max Day Cold and Flu and Night Cold and Flu",
"Maximum Strength Mucinex Fast-Max Day Time Cold and Flu and Maximum Strength Mucinex Fast-Max Night Time Cold and Flu",
"Maximum Strength Mucinex Fast-Max Day Time Cold and Flu and Night Time Cold and Flu",
"Maximum Strength Mucinex Sinus-Max Pressure, Pain and Cough",
"Maximum Strength Mucinex Sinus-Max Severe Congestion and Pain",
"Maximum Strength Mucinex Sinus-Max Severe Congestion and Pain",
"Maximum Strength Mucinex Sinus-Max Severe Congestion and Pain and Mucinex Nightshift Sinus",
"Maximum Strength Mucinex Sinus-Max Severe Congestion and Pain Clear and Cool",
"MAXIMUM STRENGTH Mucus D",
"Maximum Strength Mucus DM Extended Release",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief Cold,Flu and Sore Throat",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief Cold,Flu and Sore Throat",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief DM",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief DM",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief DM",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief DM",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief DM",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief DM",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough Cooling Menthol",
"Maximum Strength Mucus-DM",
"Maximum Strength Non Drowsy Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Maximum Strength Non Drowsy Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Maximum Strength Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Maximum Strength Severe Congestion Relief",
"Maximum Strength Severe Congestion Relief",
"Maximum Strength Severe Sinus Pressure, Pain and Cough Relief",
"Maximum strength Tussnex FM DM Max",
"Maximum Strength-Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Maxiphen",
"Maxiphen DM",
"Maxium Strength DM Max",
"MAXIUM STRENGTH SEVERE CONGESTION and COUGH MAX",
"Medi-First Cold Relief",
"Medi-First Cold Relief",
"Medi-First Cough Cold",
"Medi-First Plus Cold Relief",
"Medi-First Plus Cold Relief",
"Medi-First Plus Cough Cold",
"Mediqe Medi-Mucus",
"Medique at Home Cold Relief",
"Medique at Home Decorel Forte",
"Medique CCP Caffeine Free",
"Medique CCP Caffeine Free",
"Medique CCP Caffeine Free",
"Medique Decorel Forte",
"Medique Decorel Forte Plus",
"Medique Decorel Forte Plus",
"Medique Guaicon DMS",
"Medique Medi-Mucus",
"Meds on the Go",
"Meijer Adult Mucus Plus chest congestion",
"Meijer Adult Severe Multi-Symptom Cough Cold Flu",
"Meijer Chest Congestion Relief",
"Meijer Chest Congestion Relief",
"Meijer Children Cough and Chest Congestion DM Grape Flavor",
"Meijer Maximum Strength Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Meijer Mucus Relief DM Maximum Strength",
"Members Mark mucus relief DM",
"Members Mark Mucus Relief DM",
"Members Mark mucus relief ER",
"MMM - Cough Formula Guaifenesin DM",
"MMM guaifenesin solution",
"Moore Medical MooreBrand Severe Cold Relief",
"Moore Medical MooreBrand Severe Cold Relief",
"Muca Clear",
"MucaphEd",
"MucaPlex",
"Mucinar PLUS",
"Mucinex",
"Mucinex",
"Mucinex",
"Mucinex",
"Mucinex",
"Mucinex",
"Mucinex",
"Mucinex",
"Mucinex",
"Mucinex",
"Mucinex",
"Mucinex",
"Mucinex",
"Mucinex",
"Mucinex",
"Mucinex",
"Mucinex",
"Mucinex",
"Mucinex",
"Mucinex",
"Mucinex",
"Mucinex",
"Mucinex",
"Mucinex",
"Mucinex",
"Mucinex",
"Mucinex",
"Mucinex Chest Congestion",
"Mucinex Childrens Chest Congestion Mini-Melts Bubble Gum",
"Mucinex Childrens Cold and Flu",
"Mucinex Childrens Cough",
"Mucinex Childrens Cough and Chest Congestion Mini-Melts Orange Creme",
"Mucinex Childrens Cough and Congestion",
"Mucinex Childrens Cough and Congestion",
"Mucinex Childrens Cough Mini-Melts Orange Creme",
"Mucinex Childrens Day Time Multi-Symptom Cold and Mucinex Childrens Night Time Multi-Symptom Cold Triple Pack",
"Mucinex Childrens Day Time Multi-Symptom Cold and Night Time Multi-Symptom Cold",
"Mucinex Childrens FreeFrom Cough and Mucus",
"Mucinex Childrens FreeFrom Multi-Symptom Cold and Stuffy Nose",
"Mucinex Childrens FreeFrom Multi-Symptom Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Mucinex Childrens FreeFrom Multi-Symptom Cold, Flu and Sore Throat and Mucinex Childrens FreeFrom Multi-Symptom Cold and Flu Nighttime",
"Mucinex Childrens FreeFrom Multi-Symptom Cold, Flu and Sore Throat and Mucinex Childrens FreeFrom Multi-Symptom Cold and Flu Nighttime",
"Mucinex Childrens Multi-Symptom Cold",
"Mucinex Childrens Multi-Symptom Cold and Sore Throat",
"Mucinex Childrens Multi-Symptom Cough, Cold and Fever",
"Mucinex Childrens Stuffy Nose and Chest Congestion",
"Mucinex Cold and Flu",
"Mucinex Cough Chest Congestion",
"Mucinex D",
"Mucinex D",
"Mucinex D",
"Mucinex D",
"Mucinex D",
"Mucinex D",
"Mucinex D",
"Mucinex D",
"Mucinex D Maximum Strength",
"Mucinex DM",
"Mucinex DM",
"Mucinex DM",
"Mucinex DM",
"Mucinex DM",
"Mucinex DM",
"Mucinex DM",
"Mucinex DM",
"Mucinex DM",
"Mucinex DM",
"Mucinex DM",
"Mucinex DM",
"Mucinex DM",
"Mucinex DM",
"Mucinex DM",
"Mucinex DM",
"Mucinex DM Maximum Strength",
"Mucinex DM Maximum Strength",
"Mucinex DM Maximum Strength",
"Mucinex DM, CVP HEALTH",
"Mucinex DM, TRAVEL BASIX",
"Mucinex Fast Max Day Time Severe Congestion and Cough and Night Time Cold and Flu",
"MUCINEX FAST MAX Liquid Cold and Flu Kickstart and MUCINEX Nightshift Kickstart",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Chest Congestion Honey and Berry Flavor",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold and Flu",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold and Flu and Mucinex NightShift Cold and Flu",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold and Flu Arctic Burst and Nightshift Severe Cold and Flu Arctic Burst",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold and Flu Arctic Burst Maximum Strength",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold and Sinus",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold and Sinus",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold, Flu and Sore Throat and Mucinex NightShift Cold and Flu",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Clear and Cool",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Congestion and Headache",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Congestion and Headache",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Congestion and Headache",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Congestion and Headache Clear and Cool",
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"Mucus Relief All in One Maximum Strength",
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"Mucus Relief Cold and Sinus Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Cold and Sinus Maximum Strength",
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"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
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"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
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"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat Max Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
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"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
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"Mucus Relief Cold Flu Sore Throat",
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"Mucus Relief Cold Flu Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
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"Mucus Relief Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
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"Mucus Relief Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
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"Mucus Relief Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Cold, Flu, and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Cold, Flu, Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Cold, Flu, Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
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"Mucus Relief Congestion and Cough Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Congestion and Headache Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Congestion and Headache Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Congestion Cough Maximum Strength Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Mucus Relief Cough",
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"Mucus Relief Cough and Congestion Childrens",
"Mucus Relief Cough and Congestion DM",
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"Mucus Relief D Sinus Congestion",
"Mucus Relief Day Time and Night Time",
"Mucus Relief Daytime Severe Cold Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Daytime Severe Cold Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Daytime/Nighttime",
"Mucus Relief Daytime/Nighttime/Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief DM",
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"Mucus Relief DM and Overnight Cold and Flu",
"Mucus Relief DM Cough",
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"Mucus Relief DM Cough Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief DM Expectorant and Cough Suppressant",
"Mucus Relief DM Expectorant and Cough Suppressant",
"Mucus Relief DM Expectorant and Cough Suppressant Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief DM Extended Release",
"Mucus Relief DM Extended Release Caplets",
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"Mucus Relief DM Extended Release Caplets Maximum Strength",
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"Mucus Relief DM Honey and Berry Flavor",
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"Mucus Relief DM Max Maximum Strength Fast Acting",
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"Mucus Relief Maximum StrengthCold Flu and Sore Throat",
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"Mucus Relief Xpect",
"Mucus Relief, Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength, Multi-Symptom",
"Mucus Sinus Relief Day and Night",
"Multi Symptom Cold",
"Multi Symptom Cold",
"Multi Symptom Cold",
"Multi Symptom Cold",
"Multi Symptom Cold and Multi Symptom Nighttime Cold Childrens",
"Multi Symptom Cold and Multi Symptom Nighttime Cold Childrens",
"Multi Symptom Cold CF",
"Multi Symptom Cold CF",
"Multi Symptom Cold CF",
"Multi Symptom Cold CF Adult",
"Multi Symptom Cold Double Max Power",
"Multi Symptom Cold Relief CF Non Drowsy",
"Multi Symptom Sinus Relief Pain and Congestion Daytime Nighttime",
"Multi-Symptom Cold",
"Multi-Symptom Cold and Cough Daytime Nighttime",
"Multi-Symptom Cold and Fever Childrens",
"Multi-Symptom Cold and Flu-Kids",
"Multi-Symptom Cold and Sinus Maximum Strength",
"Multi-Symptom Cold childrens",
"Multi-Symptom Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Multi-Symptom Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Multi-Symptom Cold Relief",
"Multi-Symptom Cold Severe, Non-Drowsy, Daytime",
"Multi-Symptom Sinus Severe Congestion",
"Nasal Decongestant PE and Pain Relief Plus Mucus Relief",
"Neo Tuss Syr",
"Neogen-D",
"Nezger Tab",
"NightTime DayTime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Ninjacof-XG",
"NiteTime DayTime Cold and Flu",
"Nivanex DMX",
"Non Drowsy Cold and Cough PE",
"Non Drowsy Cold and Cough PE",
"Non Drowsy Regular Strength Contac Cold Chest Congestion",
"Non Drowsy Severe Daytime and Nighttime Cold and Flu Relief",
"Non-Drowsy Daytime Severe Cold Multi-Symptom",
"Non-Drowsy Daytime Severe Sinus Congestion and Pain",
"Non-Drowsy Sinus Severe, Circle K",
"Non-Drowsy Sinus Severe, Circle K",
"Non-Drowsy Wal-Phed PE Triple Relief",
"Non-Drying Sinus PE",
"Novahistex Dh Expectorant",
"Novahistex DM Expectorant With Decongestant",
"Novahistex Expectorant With Decongestant",
"Novahistine DM Expectorant With Decongestant",
"Novalgina Children Cough and Cold",
"Novalgina Children Cough and Cold",
"Novalgina Pediatrico Cough and Cold Pediatrico",
"Nu-copd",
"Obredon",
"Obredon",
"Only For COLD AND FLU COUGH SUPPRESSANT",
"Only For COUGH",
"Organ I Nr",
"Organ-I Nr",
"Organ-I Nr",
"Organ-I Nr",
"Organ-I Nr",
"Organ-I Nr",
"Organidin NR",
"Organidin NR",
"Ornade Expectorant Cough Formula",
"Otis Clapp Emagrin Forte",
"Otis Clapp Emagrin Forte",
"Otis Clapp Emagrin Forte",
"P-Tuss DM",
"Palagrip",
"Palatos Expectorante",
"Pancold A",
"Pancold S",
"Pancold S Oral",
"Panto A",
"PE multi-stymptom cold and cough relief",
"Pecgen Dmx",
"Pecgen DMX",
"PECGEN PSE Cough Suppressant Expectorant Nasal Decongestant GRAPE Flavor",
"PediaCare Childrens Cough and Congestion",
"Pediacare Childrens Cough And Congestion",
"Pediacare Childrens Cough and Congestion Grape",
"Pharbinex",
"Pharbinex-DM",
"Pharbinex-DM",
"Pharbinex-PE",
"Pharbinex-PE",
"Pharmitussin DM",
"Phenylephrine Guaifenesin",
"Physicians Care Cold and Cough",
"Physicians Care Cold and Cough",
"Physicians Care Cold Cough",
"PhysiciansCare Cold and Cough Non-Drowsy",
"PhysiciansCare Cold and Cough Non-Drowsy",
"Poly Hist CB",
"Poly-tussin EX",
"Poly-Vent DM",
"Poly-Vent IR",
"Preferred Plus Chest Congestion Relief",
"Preferred Plus Chest Congestion Relief DMTDM TDM",
"Preferred Plus Chest Congestion Relief PE",
"Preferred Plus Childrens Mucus Relief Multi Symptom Cold",
"Preferred Plus Day Time Cold and Flu",
"Preferred Plus Intense Cough Reliever",
"Preferred Plus Mucus ER",
"Preferred Plus Mucus Relief",
"Preferred Plus Mucus Relief Cold and Sinus",
"Preferred Plus Severe Cold",
"Preferred Plus Severe Cold Day Time Cold and Flu Night Time",
"Preferred Plus Severe Day Time",
"Preferred Plus Sinus Relief",
"Preferred Plus Sinus Relief",
"Preferred Plus Sinus Relief Day Tiime Night Time",
"Preferred Plus TabTussin",
"Preferred Plus TabTussin DM DMTDM",
"Premier Value",
"Premier Value Chest and Sinus Congestion relief",
"Premier Value Chest Congestion and cough releif DM",
"Premier Value Chest Congestion Relief",
"Premier Value Maximum Strength",
"Presgen",
"Presgen Pediatric",
"Pressure and Pain and Cold",
"Pressure and Pain and Cold",
"Pressure and Pain PE Plus Cold",
"Pressure and Pain PE Plus Mucus",
"Pressure and Pain Plus Cold PE",
"Pressure and Pain Plus Mucus PE",
"pressure and pain sinus relief PE NON-DROWSY",
"Pressure Pain and Cold Suphedrine PE",
"Pressure Pain Cold",
"Pressure Pain Cold",
"Pressure Pain Cold PE",
"Pressure Pain Mucus",
"Pressure Pain Mucus PE",
"Pressure Plus Pain PE Plus Cold",
"Pressure Plus Pain PE Plus Cold",
"Pressure plus Pain PE plus Mucus",
"Pressure Plus Pain PE Plus Mucus",
"PRESSURE plus PAIN plus MUCUS",
"Pressure plus Pain plus Mucus Non-Drowsy",
"Primary Health - Fast Maximum Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Relief",
"Primatene",
"Prime's Sore Throat, Cough and Colds Capsules",
"Pseudo Ephed Plus",
"Pseudoephedrine HCl and Guaifenesin",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, Guaifenesin",
"Pulmorex Expectorant Liq",
"Pulmorphan",
"Pulmovac",
"Q Tussin DM",
"Q Tussin DM",
"Q Tussin DM",
"Q Tussin DM",
"Q Tussin DM",
"Q Tussin DM",
"Q-Tussin",
"QTussin",
"QTussin",
"QTussin",
"QTussin",
"Quality Choice Mucus Relief",
"Quality Choice Mucus Relief DM DM",
"Quality Choice Mucus Relief PE PE",
"Quartuss",
"Rabofen DM",
"Rabofen DM",
"Rabofen DM",
"Rabofen DM",
"Rabofen DM",
"Rapid Max Maximum Strength Cool and Clear - Cold, Flu and Sore throat",
"Rapid Max Maximum Strength Cool and Clear - Cold, Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Ratio-theo-bronc",
"Red Label Ephed Plus",
"Red Label Ephedrine Plus",
"Reese ONETAB Congestion and cough",
"Reeses TABtussin",
"Reeses TABtussin DM",
"Refenesen",
"Refenesen Chest Congestion Relief",
"Refenesen Chest Congestion Relief pe",
"Refenesen Chest Congestion Relief PE",
"Refenesen Mucus Relief",
"Refenesen Mucus Relief DM",
"Regular Strength Mucous Relief Chest",
"Regular Strength Tylenol Cold Chest Congestion",
"RelCof IR",
"RelCof-C",
"Relhist DMX",
"Rescon GG",
"Resfridol Antitussive",
"Respaire-30",
"Rexall DM Cough and Congestion Relief",
"Rexall DM Cough and Congestion Relief",
"Ritussin DM",
"Ritussin Expectorant",
"Robafen",
"Robafen",
"Robafen",
"Robafen",
"Robafen",
"Robafen",
"Robafen",
"Robafen",
"Robafen AC",
"Robafen AC",
"Robafen CF Cough and cold",
"Robafen Cough Formula",
"Robafen Cough Formula",
"Robafen Cough Formula",
"Robafen Cough Formula",
"Robafen Cough Formula",
"Robafen DM",
"Robafen DM",
"Robafen DM",
"Robafen DM",
"Robafen DM",
"Robafen DM Cough Sugar Free Clear",
"Robafen DM Cough Sugar Free Clear",
"Robafen DM Max Non drowsy",
"Robafen DM Peak Cold Sugar-free Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Robi DM Max Cough Congestion 10ct Blister",
"Robitussin Ac",
"Robitussin CF",
"Robitussin Chest Congestion",
"Robitussin Chest Congestion",
"Robitussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Robitussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Max",
"Robitussin Cough and Chest Congestion Sugar Free DM",
"Robitussin Cough and Cold",
"Robitussin Cough and Cold CF",
"Robitussin Cough and Cold CF Max",
"Robitussin Cough and Cold D",
"Robitussin Cough and Cold D",
"Robitussin Cough and Cold Liqui-gels",
"Robitussin Cough Control",
"Robitussin Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Robitussin Cough, Cold & Flu Liqui-gels",
"Robitussin Direct Chest Congestion",
"Robitussin Elderberry Maximum Strength Cough plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Robitussin Extra Strength Cough & Cold",
"Robitussin Extra Strength Cough Control",
"Robitussin Extra Strength Honey Cough & Congestion",
"Robitussin Extra Strength Mucus and Phlegm",
"Robitussin Honey Children's Cough & Congestion",
"Robitussin Honey Maximum Strength Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Robitussin Maximum Strength 12 Hour Cough and Mucus Relief",
"Robitussin Maximum Strength Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Robitussin Maximum Strength Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Robitussin Mucus & Phlegm",
"Robitussin Mucus Plus Chest Congestion",
"Robitussin Night Time Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Robitussin Peak Cold Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Robitussin Peak Cold Maximum Strength Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Robitussin Peak Cold Maximum Strength Multi-symptom Cold",
"Robitussin Peak Cold Multi-Symptom Cold",
"Robitussin Peak Cold Sugar-Free Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Robitussin Severe Multi-Symptom Cough Cold Flu",
"Robitussin Sugar Free Cough Control",
"Robitussin Sugar-Free Dye-Free Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Robitussin Syrup With Codeine",
"Robitussin To Go Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Robitussin To Go Cough and Cold CF",
"Rompe Pechito DM for Kids",
"Rompe Pecho",
"Rompe Pecho CF",
"Rompe Pecho DM",
"Rompe Pecho EX",
"Rompe Pecho Max Multi Symptoms",
"Rompe Pecho SF",
"Rompe Tos X Adults",
"Rompe Tos X Children",
"Rugby Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"Rugby Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"Rugby Chest Congestion Relief G450",
"Rugby Chest Congestion Relief PE",
"Rugby Cough",
"Rugby Cough",
"Rugby Cough",
"Rugby Cough Guaifenesin",
"Rugby Cough Syrup",
"Rugby Cough Syrup",
"Rugby Cough Syrup Guaifenesin",
"Rugby Cough Syrup Guaifenesin",
"Rugby Mucus and Chest Congestion",
"Rugby Mucus and Chest Congestion",
"Rugby Mucus ER",
"Rugby Mucus Relief D",
"Rugby Mucus Relief DM",
"Rx Act Tussin CF Cough and Cold",
"Rx Act Tussin Chest Congestion",
"Safetussin DM",
"Safetussin DM",
"Safetussin DM",
"Safetussin DM",
"Safetussin High Blood Pressure and diabetes Cough, Cold and Flu",
"SAFETUSSIN Non Drowsy Cough plus chest congestion",
"Safrel Mucus Relief",
"SanaTos Boost",
"SanaTos Children Cough and Congestion Cherry",
"SanaTos Childrens Mucus Relief Cough",
"SanaTos Mucus Relief Cold Toddlers",
"SanaTos Multi Symptom",
"SanaTos Multi Symptom",
"SanaTos Turbo Max Strength",
"SanaTos X",
"Sancochito Compuesto",
"Scot-Tussin Expectorant Cough",
"Scot-Tussin Expectorant SF Cough",
"Scot-Tussin Senior Maximum Strength Cough Suppressant and Expectorant",
"Scot-Tussin Senior SF DMEXP",
"Sedalmex XL Flu",
"Select Brand Coughtab 400",
"Select Brand Mucus Relief",
"Select Brand Mucus Relief DM",
"Select Brand Mucus Relief PE",
"Select Brand Tab Tussin",
"Select Brand Tab Tussin DM",
"SelectHealth Tussin DM",
"Sever Daytime Cold and Flu and Sever Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Severe Cold",
"Severe Cold",
"Severe Cold",
"Severe Cold",
"Severe Cold",
"Severe Cold",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Severe Cold and Flu Daytime",
"SEVERE COLD AND FLU DAYTIME NON DROWSY and NIGHTTIME",
"SEVERE COLD AND FLU DAYTIME NON DROWSY and NIGHTTIME",
"Severe Cold and Flu Daytime Non Drowsy Nighttime",
"Severe Cold and Flu Daytime Non Drowsy Nighttime",
"Severe Cold and Flu Daytime Non Drowsy Nighttime",
"Severe Cold and Flu Daytime Non Drowsy Nighttime",
"Severe Cold and Flu Daytime/nighttime",
"Severe Cold and Flu Maximum Strength, Daytime, Non-Drowsy",
"Severe Cold and Flu Nighttime Daytime",
"Severe Cold and Flu Plus Congestion",
"Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Severe Cold and Flu Relief Daytime",
"Severe Cold and Flu Relief Daytime",
"Severe Cold and Flu Relief Daytime",
"Severe Cold and Flu Relief Daytime",
"Severe Cold and Flu Relief Daytime",
"Severe Cold and Flu Relief Daytime/Nighttime",
"Severe Cold and Flu Relief Daytime/Nighttime",
"Severe Cold and Mucus",
"Severe Cold and Mucus",
"SEVERE COLD DAY COLD and FLU NIGHT",
"Severe Cold Daytime",
"Severe Cold Daytime",
"Severe Cold Daytime",
"Severe Cold Daytime Cold and Flu Nighttime",
"Severe Cold Daytime Multi-Symptom Non-Drowsy",
"Severe Cold Head Congestion",
"Severe Cold Head Congestion",
"Severe Cold Head Congestion",
"Severe Cold Head Congestion",
"Severe Cold Maximum Strength, Multi-Symptom",
"Severe Cold Multi Symptom",
"Severe Cold Multi Symptom",
"Severe Cold Multi Symptom",
"Severe Cold Multi-Symptom",
"Severe Cold Plus Flu Daytime Nighttime",
"Severe Cold Relief",
"Severe Cold, Cold and Flu Daytime, Nighttime, Maximum Strength",
"severe cold, cold and flu Daytime/Nighttime",
"Severe Cold, Cold and Flu Maximum Strength, Daytime, Nightime",
"Severe Cold, Cold and Flu Maximum Strength, Daytime, Nightime",
"Severe Congestion",
"Severe Congestion and Cold Maximum Strength",
"Severe Congestion and Cold Maximum Strength/ Multi-Symptom",
"Severe Congestion and Cold Relief Maximum Strength, Multi Symptom",
"Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Severe Congestion and Cough MAX Maxium Strength",
"Severe Congestion and Cough Multi-Symptom Maximum Strength",
"Severe Congestion and Cough Relief",
"Severe Congestion and Cough Relief",
"Severe Congestion and Cough Relief Maximum Strength",
"Severe Congestion and Cough, Cold and Flu Daytime and Nighttime",
"Severe Congestion and Cough, Cold and Flu Daytime, Nighttime",
"Severe Congestion and Cough, Cold and Flu Daytime, Nighttime",
"Severe Congestion and Cough, Cold and Flu Daytime, Nighttime",
"Severe Congestion and Cough/ Cold and Flu Daytime/nighttime",
"Severe Congestion and Cough/Cold and Flu Daytime/Nighttime/Maximum Strength",
"Severe Congestion and Pain",
"Severe Congestion and Sinus Relief Maximum Strength",
"Severe Congestion Relief",
"Severe Congestion Relief Maximum Strength Sinus",
"Severe Congestion, Cough, Cold and Flu Relief Maximum Strength, Nighttime",
"Severe Cough and Congestion",
"Severe Cough and Congestion",
"Severe Cough and Congestion",
"Severe Cough and Congestion and Cold and Flu Daytime, Nighttime",
"Severe Cough and Congestion Maximum Strength",
"Severe Daytime",
"Severe Daytime",
"SEVERE DAYTIME COLD and FLU DAYTIME MAXIMUM STRENGTH NON-DROWSY SEVERE",
"Severe DayTime NightTime Cold and Flu Relief Max Strength",
"Severe Multi-Symptom Cold",
"Severe Nighttime Severe Daytime",
"Severe Sinus",
"Severe Sinus",
"Severe Sinus Congestion",
"Severe Sinus Congestion",
"Severe Sinus Congestion and Pain",
"Severe Sinus Congestion and Pain",
"Severe Sinus Congestion and Pain Daytime",
"Severe Sinus Congestion and Pain Daytime",
"Severe Sinus Congestion and Pain Maximum Strength",
"Severe Sinus Congestion and Pain Non-Drowsy, Daytime",
"Severe Sinus Congestion Relief",
"Severe sinus Congestion Relief",
"Severe sinus Congestion Relief",
"Severe sinus Congestion Relief",
"Severe sinus Congestion Relief",
"Severe sinus Congestion Relief",
"Severe sinus Congestion Relief",
"severe sinus congestion relief Maximum Strength",
"Severe Sinus Daytime, Non-Drowsy",
"Severe Sinus Pain and Congestion Daytime",
"Severe Tussin CF",
"Severe Tussin CF",
"Severe Vapor Ice Cold and Flu Relief",
"Severe Wal Tussin CF Max",
"shop rite Day Severe Cold Night Cold and Flu",
"Shopko Chest Congestion Relief",
"Shopko Chest Congestion Relief DMTDM TDM",
"ShopRite Adult Tussin",
"ShopRite Adult Tussin",
"ShopRite Adult Tussin",
"Shoprite Adult Tussin",
"ShopRite Adult Tussin",
"Shoprite Congestion and Pain",
"Shoprite Day Calm Severe",
"ShopRite Day Calm Severe",
"Shoprite Mucus Relief",
"ShopRite Severe Cold",
"Signature Care Childrens Multi Symptom Cold",
"Signature Care daytime nighttime severe cold and flu relief",
"Signature Care Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Signature Care Mucus Relief",
"Signature Care Mucus Relief DM",
"Signature Care Mucus Relief Max",
"Signature Care Non drowsy Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Signature Care Tussin",
"Signature Care Tussin",
"Siltussin DAS",
"Siltussin DM",
"Siltussin DM",
"Siltussin DM",
"Siltussin DM",
"Siltussin DM DAS Cough Formula",
"Siltussin DM DAS Cough Formula",
"Siltussin DM DAS Cough Formula",
"Siltussin SA",
"Siltussin SA",
"Siltussin SA",
"Siltussin SA",
"Siltussin SA",
"Siltussin SA",
"SIMPEX Guaifenesin",
"Simply Right Mucus Relief",
"Simuc DM",
"Sinex Congestion & Headache",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain",
"Sinus Congestion And Pain Daytime",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain Daytime Non-Drowsy Severe",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain Non Drowsy",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain Relief",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain Relief",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain Relief Non-Drowsy/Daytime",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain Severe",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain Severe",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain Severe",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain Severe",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain Severe",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain Severe",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain Severe",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain Severe",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain Severe Daytime,Non-Drowsy",
"Sinus Congestion PE",
"Sinus Congestion PE",
"Sinus Max Relief Day and Night",
"Sinus Medication",
"Sinus PE Head Congestion and Flu Severe",
"Sinus PE Head Congestion and Mucus",
"Sinus PE Pressure, Pain and Cold Daytime, Non-Drowsy",
"Sinus PE Pressure, Pain and Mucus",
"Sinus PE Pressure, Pain and Mucus",
"Sinus Pressure and Pain",
"Sinus Pressure and Pain and Cough",
"Sinus Pressure and Pain Daytime Nighttime Maximum Strength",
"Sinus Pressure and Pain Maximum Strength",
"Sinus Pressure and Pain Relief maximum strength",
"Sinus Pressure Pain and Cough",
"Sinus Pressure, Pain and Cough",
"Sinus Pressure, Pain and Cough",
"Sinus Relief",
"Sinus Relief",
"Sinus Relief",
"Sinus Relief",
"Sinus Relief Congestion and Pain Severe",
"Sinus Relief Day and Night",
"Sinus Relief Day Night",
"Sinus Relief Day Night",
"Sinus Relief Daytime Nighttime",
"Sinus Relief Daytime, Nighttime",
"Sinus Relief Daytime, Nighttime, Maximum Strength",
"Sinus Relief Maximum Strength",
"Sinus Relief Maximum Strength",
"SINUS RELIEF Maximum Strength Daytime and Nighttime Sinus Pain",
"Sinus Relief PE Maximum Strength",
"Sinus Relief Pressure and Pain",
"Sinus Relief Pressure, Pain and Cough",
"Sinus Relief Severe Congestion",
"Sinus Relief Severe Congestion and Pain",
"Sinus Relief Severe Congestion Maximum Strength",
"Sinus Relief Severe Congestion Maximum Strength",
"Sinus Relief Severe Congestion Maximum Strength",
"Sinus Relief, Caseys 4good",
"Sinus Severe",
"Sinus Severe",
"Sinus Severe",
"Sinus Severe",
"Sinus Severe",
"Sinus Severe",
"Sinus Severe",
"Sinus Severe",
"Sinus Severe",
"Sinus Severe",
"Sinus Severe",
"Sinus Severe",
"Sinus Severe",
"Sinus Severe",
"Sinus Severe Daytime",
"Sinus Sevre",
"Sirop DM Expectorant",
"Sirop Expectorant",
"Skopko Chest Congestion Relief PE PE",
"Smart Sense Adult Tussin DM sugar free",
"Smart Sense Adults Tussin CF Multi Symptom Cold",
"Smart Sense Chest Congestion",
"Smart Sense Childrens Mucus Relief",
"Smart Sense cold flu and sore throat",
"Smart Sense Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Smart Sense Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Smart Sense Cough and chest congestion",
"Smart Sense DayTime",
"Smart Sense daytime cold and flu",
"Smart Sense Daytime Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Smart Sense Mucus and Chest Congestion",
"Smart Sense Mucus ER",
"Smart Sense Mucus Relief Cough Childrens",
"Smart Sense Mucus Relief ER",
"Smart Sense Multi Symptom Cold",
"Smart Sense Severe Cold",
"Smart Sense Sinus Relief",
"Smart Sense Sinus Relief",
"Smart Sense tussin adult",
"Smart Sense Tussin CF Adult",
"Smart Sense Tussin DM",
"Smart Sense tussin dm max adult",
"SohMed Cold Relief",
"SohMed Sinus",
"Sorbugen",
"Sorbutuss NR",
"Sore Throat & Cough Extra Strength",
"Sound Body Cold and Flu Relief",
"Sound Body Daytime Cold and Flu Relief Nighttime Cold and Flu Relief",
"Sound Body Mucus DM",
"Sound Body Mucus Relief",
"Sound Body Tussin CF",
"Sound Body Tussin DM",
"Sound Body Tussin DM",
"Stona Cough",
"Stona Cough",
"Stop Cough PLUS",
"Sudafed Cold and Flu Gel Caps",
"Sudafed PE Cold and Flu Caplets",
"SUDAFED PE Head Congestion Plus Flu Severe",
"SUDAFED PE Head Congestion Plus Mucus",
"Sudafed PE Pressure Plus Pain Plus Cold",
"SUDAFED PE Pressure PLUS Pain PLUS Mucus",
"Sudafed PE Total",
"Sudafed Total Cold and Flu Rapid Release",
"Sudatex - DM",
"Sudatex - DM",
"SudaTex G IR",
"Sugar Free Cough and Chest Congestion Relief Adult",
"Sun Mark Mucus Relief Cough Childrens",
"Sun Mark Tussin DM cough and chest congestion",
"Sun Mark Tussin DM cough and chest congestion",
"Sun Mark Tussin DM cough and chest congestion",
"Sunmark Adult Tussin DM",
"Sunmark Adult Tussin DM",
"Sunmark Chest Congestion Relief DM DM",
"Sunmark Chest Congestion Relief PE PE",
"Sunmark Cold and Flu Severe",
"Sunmark cold head congestion",
"sunmark Mucus er",
"Sunmark Mucus ER",
"Sunmark Mucus Relief",
"Sunmark mucus relief d",
"Sunmark mucus relief DM",
"Sunmark Severe Day Time",
"Sunmark Tussin",
"Sunmark Tussin",
"Sunmark Tussin CF",
"Sunmark Tussin Chest Congestion",
"Sunmark Tussin DM Max",
"Sunmark Tussin DM Sugar Free",
"Supress DM",
"Supress DX Pediatric Drops",
"SUPRESS-PE Pediatric",
"Syrup DM-D-E",
"Syrup DM-E",
"Target Cough plus Chest Congestion DM Max with Honey",
"Target Maximum Strength Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Target Maximum Strength Cold Flu and Sore Throat Overnight Cold and Flu",
"Tenalif Children",
"Tenalif Multi Symptom Relief",
"Teva-cotridin Expectorant",
"Texaclear Congestion and Pain Sinus Relief",
"Texaclear Daytime Cough Cold/flu",
"TexaClear Kids Cough and Cold",
"The Medicine Shoppe Chest Congestion Relief",
"Theospect Improved",
"Theraflu Cough Relief",
"Theraflu ExpressMax Severe Cold and Flu Caplets",
"Theraflu ExpressMax Severe Cold and Flu Syrup",
"Theraflu Flu and Chest Congestion",
"Theraflu Max-D",
"Theraflu Warming Relief Cold and Chest Congestion",
"Thompson Cough and Cold Multi-Symptom Relief",
"TopCare Chest Congestion and Cough Relief DM",
"Topcare Chest Congestion and Sinus Congestion Relief PE",
"TopCare Chest Congestion Relief",
"Topcare Childrens Mucus Relief Multi Symptom Cold",
"Topcare Cold",
"Topcare Cold and Flu",
"Topcare Cold Head Congestion Severe",
"Topcare Cold Multi Symptom Severe",
"Topcare Cough Cold and Flu Simple Relief",
"Topcare Day Night",
"Topcare Day Time Cold and Flu",
"Topcare Day Time Cold and Flu",
"Topcare Day Time Cold and Flu",
"Topcare Day Time Cold and Flu",
"Topcare Day Time Cold and Flu Severe",
"Topcare Day Time Nite Time Cold and Flu",
"Topcare Day Time Nite Time Cold and Flu",
"Topcare Day Time Nite Time Cold and Flu",
"Topcare Day Time Nite Time Cold and Flu",
"TopCare Mucus D",
"Topcare Mucus D",
"Topcare Mucus DM",
"Topcare Mucus DM",
"TopCare Mucus DM",
"Topcare mucus er",
"TopCare Mucus ER",
"Topcare mucus er",
"Topcare Mucus ER",
"Topcare Mucus Relief",
"Topcare mucus relief",
"Topcare Mucus Relief",
"Topcare Mucus Relief",
"TopCare Mucus Relief and Cold and Flu",
"Topcare Mucus Relief Cold and Flu",
"Topcare Mucus Relief cold and sinus",
"Topcare mucus relief cold flu and sore throat",
"Topcare Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Topcare Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cold",
"Topcare Sinus Relief",
"Topcare Sinus Relief Day Time Night Time",
"Topcare sinus relief pressure and pain",
"TopCare Tab Tussin",
"TopCare Tab Tussin DM",
"topcare tussin CF",
"Topcare Tussin CF Max",
"Topcare Tussin CF Max",
"Topcare Tussin Chest Congestion",
"Topcare Tussin DM",
"Topcare Tussin DM",
"Topcare Tussin DM Max",
"Topcare Tussin DM Max",
"Topcare tussin dm sugar free cough and chest congestion",
"Topcare Tussin Mucus Plus Chest Congestion",
"Topco Mucus Relief",
"Topco tussin cf max",
"Total Cold & Flu",
"Total Cold & Flu Combo",
"Total Cold & Flu Extra Strength Night",
"Total Cold and Flu",
"Total Cold and Flu",
"Total Cold and Flu Extra Strength",
"Total Cough, Cold & Flu Ultra Strength",
"Triaminic Chest and Nasal Congestion",
"Triaminic Chest and Nasal Congestion",
"Triaminic Cough and Congestion",
"Triaminic Decongest+expect Liqui-gels Cap",
"Triaminic DM Daytime Syr",
"Triaminic DM Expectorant Syr",
"Triaminic Expectorant Dh Syrup",
"Triaminic Expectorant Syr",
"Tricode GF",
"TRISPEC DMX Cough Suppressant Expectorant Peach Flavor",
"TRISPEC DMX Pediatric Drops Cough Suppressant Expectorant CHERRY RASPBERRY Flavor",
"TRISPEC PSE Cough Suppressant Expectorant Nasal Decongestant GRAPE Flavor",
"TRISPEC PSE Pediatric Drops Cough Suppressant Expectorant Nasal Decongestant GRAPE Flavor",
"Tukol A",
"Tukol Children Cough and Congestion",
"Tukol Childrens Cold and Flu",
"Tukol Cough And Cold Honey Flavor",
"Tukol Cough and Congestion",
"Tukol Cough and Congestion",
"Tukol For Diabetics",
"Tukol Honey Children Cough and Congestion",
"Tukol Max Action Cold Sore Throat and Cough",
"Tukol Max Action Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Tukol MAX ACTION Cold, Sore Throat and Cough",
"Tukol Max Action DM Max",
"Tukol MAX ACTION Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Tukol Max Action Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Tukol Max Action Sinus Caplets",
"Tukol Max Action Sinus Liquid",
"Tukol Maxium Strength Cough and Mucus Relief",
"Tukol Multi Symptom Cold",
"Tukol X-Pecto Miel Multi Symptom Cold",
"Tusicof",
"Tusicof",
"Tusnel",
"Tusnel",
"Tusnel C",
"Tusnel Cough Suppressant Expectorant",
"Tusnel Diabetic",
"Tusnel DM",
"Tusnel DM Pediatric",
"Tusnel EX",
"Tusnel Pediatric",
"Tusnel Pediatric",
"Tusnel Pediatric DM",
"Tusnel Pediatric Drops",
"Tusnel SF",
"Tusnel-DM Pediatric",
"Tussi Pres",
"Tussi Pres",
"Tussi Pres Pediatric",
"Tussin",
"Tussin",
"Tussin",
"Tussin",
"Tussin",
"Tussin",
"Tussin",
"Tussin",
"Tussin",
"Tussin",
"Tussin",
"Tussin Adult",
"Tussin Adult chest congestion",
"Tussin Adult Chest Congestion",
"Tussin Adult Chest Congestion",
"Tussin adult mucus and chest congestion",
"Tussin Adults Non Drowsy",
"Tussin CF",
"Tussin CF",
"Tussin CF",
"Tussin CF",
"Tussin CF",
"Tussin CF",
"Tussin CF",
"Tussin CF",
"Tussin CF",
"Tussin CF",
"Tussin CF",
"Tussin CF",
"Tussin CF",
"Tussin CF",
"Tussin CF",
"Tussin CF",
"Tussin CF",
"Tussin CF",
"Tussin CF",
"Tussin CF Adult",
"Tussin CF Adult Cough and Cold",
"Tussin CF Adult Maximum Strength",
"Tussin CF Adult Multi Symptom Cold",
"Tussin CF Adult Non Drowsy",
"Tussin CF Cough and Cold",
"Tussin CF Dextromethorphan HBr, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine HCL",
"Tussin CF Max",
"Tussin CF Max",
"Tussin CF Max",
"Tussin CF Maximum Strength",
"Tussin CF Maximum Strength",
"Tussin CF Maximum Strength",
"Tussin CF Multi Symptom Cold Adult",
"Tussin CF Multi-Symptom Cold",
"Tussin CF Non Drowsy",
"Tussin CF Non Drowsy",
"Tussin CF Non Drowsy Multi Symptom",
"Tussin CF Non Drowsy Multi Symptom",
"Tussin Chest",
"Tussin Chest Congestion",
"Tussin Chest Congestion Adult Non Drowsy",
"Tussin Chest Congestion Non Drowsy",
"Tussin Cough Adult Maximum Strength",
"Tussin cough and chest congestion",
"Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"tussin cough and chest congestion DM",
"Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Adult",
"Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Adult",
"Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Adult",
"Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM adult",
"Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM adult",
"Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Max",
"Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM maximum strength",
"Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Sugar Free",
"Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Sugar Free",
"Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Sugar Free",
"Tussin Cough Chest Congestion",
"Tussin Cough DM Adult",
"Tussin Cough DM Adult Sugar Free",
"Tussin Cough DM Sugar Free",
"Tussin Cough DM Sugar Free",
"Tussin Cough DM Sugar Free",
"Tussin Cough Expectorant Cough Supressant DM",
"Tussin Cough Expectorant Cough Supressant DM",
"Tussin Cough Medicine DM Antitussive Expectorant Decongestant",
"Tussin Cough Medicine Gf Expectorant",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin DM Adult",
"Tussin DM Adult",
"Tussin DM Adult",
"Tussin DM adult cough and chest congestion",
"Tussin DM Adult cough and chest congestion",
"Tussin DM Adults",
"Tussin DM Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Tussin DM cough and chest congestion",
"Tussin DM Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Tussin DM Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Tussin DM Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Tussin DM Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Tussin DM Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Tussin DM Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Tussin DM cough and chest congestion",
"Tussin DM Cough and Chest Congestion Adult",
"Tussin DM Cough and Chest Congestion Non Drowsy",
"Tussin DM Cough and Chest Congestion sugar-free ReadyInCase",
"Tussin DM Cough and Chest Non Drowsy",
"Tussin DM COUGH SUPPRESSANT/EXPECTORANT",
"Tussin DM COUGH SUPPRESSANT/EXPECTORANT",
"Tussin DM Daytime",
"Tussin DM Daytime Nighttime",
"Tussin DM Max",
"Tussin DM Max",
"Tussin DM Max",
"Tussin DM Max",
"Tussin DM Max Adult Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Tussin DM Max Adult Cough Plus Chest Congestion",
"Tussin DM Max Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Tussin DM Max Daytime Nighttime",
"Tussin DM Max non drowsy",
"Tussin DM Sugar Free",
"Tussin DM Sugar Free Non Drowsy",
"Tussin DMMax",
"Tussin DMMaximum Strength",
"Tussin EXPECTORANT",
"Tussin Expectorant",
"Tussin Expectorant for Adults",
"Tussin Guifenesin Expectrorant Syrup",
"Tussin Maximum Strength",
"Tussin Mucus and Chest Congestion",
"Tussin Mucus and Chest Congestion",
"Tussin Mucus and Chest Congestion Adult",
"Tussin Mucus and Chest Congestion Adult",
"Tussin mucus plus Chest Congestion",
"Tussin Mucus Plus Chest Congestion",
"Tussin Multi Symptom",
"Tussin Multi Symptom Cold CF",
"Tussin Multi Symptom Cold CF",
"Tussin Multi Symptom Cold CF Adult",
"Tussin Multi Symptom Cold CF Adult",
"Tussin Multi Symptom Cold CF Adult",
"Tussin Multi Symptom Cold CF Adult",
"Tussin Multi Symptom Cold CF Adult",
"Tussin Multi Symptom Cold CF Adult",
"Tussin Multi Symptom Cold CF Adult",
"Tussin Non Drowsy",
"Tussin Original",
"Tussin Original",
"Tussin Original",
"Tussin Original",
"Tussin Original",
"Tussin Original",
"Tussin Original",
"Tussin Peak Cold Cough plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Tussin Peak Cold Maximum Strength Cough plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Tussin Peak Cold sugar-free COUGH PLUS CHEST CONGESTION DM",
"Tussin Severe",
"Tussin Severe Cough Cold Flu",
"tussin severe multi symptom cough cold plus flu CF MAX",
"Tussin Sugar Free",
"Tussin Sugar Free Cough",
"Tussin Sugar Free Cough",
"Tussin Sugar Free Cough",
"Tussin Sugar Free Cough",
"Tussin Sugar Free Cough",
"Tussin Sugar Free Cough",
"Tussin Sugar Free Cough",
"Tusslin",
"Tusslin Pediatric",
"Tusslin TR",
"Tussnex FM Cold and Sinus",
"Tussnex FM Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Tussnex FM Severe cough and congestion",
"Twkof Adult",
"Twkof Children",
"Tylenol Cold and Flu",
"TYLENOL COLD Cough and Severe Congestion",
"Tylenol Cold Head Congestion Severe",
"Tylenol Cold Head Congestion Severe",
"TYLENOL Cold Multi-Symptom Severe",
"Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Severe",
"Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Severe",
"TYLENOL Cold Plus Flu Severe",
"Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Severe",
"Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Severe",
"Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Severe",
"Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Severe",
"Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Severe",
"Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Severe",
"Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Severe",
"Tylenol Cold plus Flu Severe and Tylenol Cold Max",
"TYLENOL Cold Plus Flu Severe and TYLENOL COLD MAX CoPack",
"Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Severe Day and Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Plus Cough Night 2-pack",
"Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Severe Day and Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Plus Cough Night 3-Pack",
"Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Severe Day/night",
"Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Severe Severe",
"Tylenol Cold Plus Head Congestion Severe",
"TYLENOL Cold Plus Mucus Severe",
"Tylenol Complete Cold, Cough & Flu Plus Mucus Relief",
"Tylenol Sinus Congestion and Pain Severe",
"Tylenol Sinus Congestion and Pain Severe",
"TYLENOL Sinus Congestion And Pain Severe",
"Tylenol Sinus Plus Mucous Relief",
"Tylenol Sinus Severe",
"Tylenol Sinus Severe",
"Tylenol Sinus Severe",
"Tylenol Sinus Severe",
"Tylenol Sinus Severe",
"Tylenol Sinus Severe",
"Tylenol Sinus Severe",
"Tylenol Sinus Severe",
"Ultra Strength Neocitran Flu Day With Mucus Relief",
"Ultra Tuss",
"Ultra Tuss DM",
"Ultra Tuss Safe",
"Unishield Cold Relief",
"Unishield Cough and Cold",
"Up and Up Adult Cough and Cold",
"Up and Up Adult Cough Formula DM Max",
"Up and Up adult cough formula DM Non drowsy",
"Up and Up Childrens Mucus Relief",
"Up and Up Childrens Mucus Relief and Cough",
"Up and Up Cough Plus Chest Congestion",
"Up and Up Daytime Severe Cold Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Up and Up Daytime Vapor Ice Cold and Flu Nighttime Vapor Ice Cold and Flu",
"Up and Up Daytime Vapor Ice Cold and Flu Nighttime Vapor Ice Cold and Flu",
"Up and Up DM Max Cough Plus Chest Congestion",
"Up and Up Fast Mucus Relief Severe Cold",
"Up and Up maximum Strength fast mucus relief Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Up and Up Maximum Strength Mucus Relief DM",
"Up and Up Mucus Relief",
"Up and Up mucus relief",
"Up and Up Mucus Relief",
"Up and Up Mucus Relief",
"Up and Up Mucus Relief Cold and Sinus",
"Up and Up Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Up and Up mucus relief cold, flu and sore throat",
"Up and Up Mucus Relief DM",
"Up and Up Mucus Relief DM",
"Up and Up Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cold",
"Up and Up mucus relief severe congestion and cough",
"Up and Up severe cold and flu",
"Up and Up severe cold and flu daytime",
"Up and Up Tussin Multi Symptom Cold Maximum Strength",
"Vanacof DM",
"Vanacof DMX",
"Vanacof Dx",
"Vanacof G",
"Vanacof Gpe",
"VanaTab DM",
"Vanatab Dx",
"Vapor Chill Cold and Flu Daytime/nighttime",
"Vapor Ice Daytime and Nitetime Cold and Flu",
"Vasofrinic Plus Sirop",
"Vasopro Ephedrine",
"Vicks 44 E Cough and Chest Congestion Relief",
"Vicks Casero Chest Congestion Relief",
"Vicks Chest Congestion Relief",
"Vicks childrens Cough Congestion",
"Vicks childrens Cough Congestion",
"Vicks Childrens Cough Congestion",
"Vicks Cough and Congestion DM",
"Vicks Cough Syrup New Improved",
"Vicks Custom Care Chest Congestion/cough",
"Vicks DayQuil and Nyquil VapoCOOL Severe COLD and FLU plus CONGESTION",
"Vicks DayQuil and Vicks NyQuil Severe Cold and Flu",
"Vicks DayQuil and Vicks NyQuil Severe Cold and Flu",
"Vicks DayQuil and Vicks NyQuil Severe Cold and Flu",
"Vicks DayQuil and Vicks NyQuil Severe Cold and Flu",
"Vicks DayQuil and Vicks NyQuil Severe Cold and Flu",
"Vicks Dayquil Complete Cold & Flu Caplets",
"Vicks Dayquil Complete Cold & Flu Liquicaps",
"Vicks Dayquil Complete Cold & Flu Liquid",
"Vicks DayQuil Cough",
"Vicks Dayquil Cough Cough & Congestion",
"Vicks DayQuil Cough DM plus Congestion",
"Vicks DayQuil Kids BERRY COLD and COUGH plus MUCUS",
"Vicks DayQuil Kids Cold Cough plus Mucus",
"Vicks DayQuil Kids Honey and Vicks NyQuil Kids Honey COLD and COUGH plus",
"Vicks DayQuil Mucus Control",
"Vicks DayQuil Mucus Control",
"Vicks DayQuil Mucus Control DM",
"Vicks DayQuil Nature Fusion Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Vicks DayQuil NyQuil BERRY Kids COLD and COUGH plus",
"Vicks DayQuil NyQuil Severe Cold and Flu combo",
"Vicks DayQuil NyQuil Severe Honey Cold and Flu",
"Vicks DayQuil Severe and Vicks NyQuil Severe Cold and Flu",
"Vicks DayQuil Severe and Vicks NyQuil Severe Cold and Flu",
"Vicks DayQuil Severe Cold and Flu",
"Vicks DayQuil Severe Cold and Flu",
"Vicks DayQuil Severe Cold and Flu",
"Vicks DayQuil Severe Cold and Flu",
"Vicks DayQuil Severe Honey Cold and Flu",
"VICKS DayQuil SEVERE HONEY FLAVOR COLD and FLU",
"Vicks DayQuil Severe Hot Remedy Cold and Flu plus Congestion",
"Vicks DayQuil Severe Hot Remedy Cold and Flu plus Congestion",
"Vicks DayQuil VapoCOOL SEVERE COLD and FLU plus CONGESTION",
"Vicks Formula 44 Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Vicks Formula 44 Cough and Congestion Severe Daytime and Nighttime",
"Vicks Formula 44 VapoCool Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Vicks Formula 44 VapoCool Sever Cough and Congestion",
"VICKS FORMULA 44DM COUGH and CHEST CONGESTION",
"Vicks Jarabe Cough Congestion",
"Vicks NyQuil Severe Hot Remedy Cold and Flu plus Congestion",
"Vicks NyQuil Severe Hot Remedy Cold and Flu plus Congestion",
"Vicks Pediatric Formula 44e Liq",
"Vicks Severe Cold and Flu",
"Vicks Sinex Severe All in One Sinus Mucus",
"Vicks Sinex Severe Congestion",
"Vicks VapoSyrup",
"Virtussin A/C",
"Virtussin A/C",
"Virtussin A/C",
"Virtussin AC",
"Virtussin AC",
"Virtussin AC",
"Virtussin AC",
"Virtussin AC",
"Virtussin AC",
"Virtussin Ac W/alc",
"Virtussin DAC",
"Virtussin Dac",
"Viva Cold & Flu All In One Relief Caplets",
"Wal Tussin",
"Wal Tussin Adult Chest Congestion",
"Wal Tussin Adult Cough and Cold",
"Wal Tussin CF Cough and Cold",
"Wal Tussin CF Max",
"Wal Tussin CF Max Multi Symptom Cough Cold and Flu",
"Wal Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Wal Tussin DM",
"Wal Tussin DM Adult Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Wal Tussin DM Max",
"Wal Tussin DM Max",
"Wal Tussin DM Max Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Wal Tussin DM Max Nighttime Wal Tussin DM Max",
"Wal-Phed HEAD CONGESTION AND MUCUS PE",
"Wal-Phed PE Multi Symptom",
"Wal-Phed PE Non-Drying Sinus",
"Wal-Phed PE Pressure plus Pain plus Cold Daytime, Nighttime, Multi-Symptom",
"Wal-Phed PE, Multi-Symptom, Daytime, Nighttime",
"Wal-Tussin DM",
"Walgreen Adult Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Walgreen Cherry",
"Walgreen Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Walgreen Day Time NightTime Cold and Flu Relief",
"Walgreen Day Time Nighttime Cold and Flu Relief Honey Flavor",
"Walgreen DayTime Cold and Flu Relief",
"Walgreen Daytimel Kids Cold Cough plus Mucus",
"Walgreen Severe Multi-Symptom Cough Cold Flu",
"Walgreens",
"Walgreens DAY and NIGHT PACK",
"Walgreens Daytime Childrens",
"Walgreens Grape Flavor",
"Walgreens Maximum Strength Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Walgreens Severe Cold Multi-Symptom For Adults",
"Walgreens Severe Warming Cold and Flu For Adults",
"WalTussin DM Max",
"Welby Mucus Relief",
"WellBid-D Sustained-Release",
"WellBid-D Sustained-Release",
"WellTuss EXP",
"Whituben",
"Winco Foods Childrens Multi Symptom Cold",
"Xpect Cold Relief",
"Xpect Cough Relief",
"Xpecto soothing relief",
"Xpecto soothing relief",
"Z-cof 1",
"Z-cof 12 DM",
"Z-dex",
"Z-tuss E",
"Zicam",
"Zicam Multi-symptom Cold & Flu Daytime",
"ZoDEN",
"Zodryl DEC 25",
"Zodryl DEC 30",
"Zodryl DEC 35",
"Zodryl DEC 40",
"Zodryl DEC 50",
"Zodryl DEC 60",
"Zodryl DEC 80",
"Zyncof",
"Zyncof"
] |
[
"Duratuss G",
"Ganidin",
"Hustosil",
"Hytuss",
"Robitussin",
"Scot-tussin Expectorant",
"Sinumist-SR"
] |
[
"Premier Value Chest Congestion and cough releif DM",
"Phenylephrine Guaifenesin",
"Quartuss",
"Carbetaplex",
"Dilex-G 400",
"Dyphylline GG",
"Theospect Improved",
"CVS Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"Mucinex D",
"Crantex",
"Guiadrine DX",
"Guiatex PE",
"Mucinex DM",
"Mucinex DM",
"Mucinex D",
"Ht-tuss DM",
"Childrens Mucinex Cough",
"Robitussin Cough and Cold D",
"Zodryl DEC 30",
"Zodryl DEC 60",
"Zodryl DEC 40",
"Zodryl DEC 50",
"Robitussin Night Time Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Brontuss DX",
"Robitussin Cough and Cold D",
"Freds Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"Vicks 44 E Cough and Chest Congestion Relief",
"Zodryl DEC 25",
"Brontuss SF",
"Diabetic Tussin DM",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Bisolvine Child",
"Zodryl DEC 80",
"Expectorant plus Cough Relief",
"Q Tussin DM",
"Cheratussin AC",
"Tricode GF",
"P-Tuss DM",
"CounterAct Cough",
"Tussin DM",
"Exall",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Entex Lq",
"Lufyllin -GG",
"Refenesen Chest Congestion Relief pe",
"Flutabs",
"Clophed",
"Dyphylline and Guaifenesin",
"LEADER iNTENSE COUGH RELIEVER",
"Double Tussin Intense Cough Reliever DM",
"Exall D",
"LEADER Chest Congestion Relief PE",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Reese ONETAB Congestion and cough",
"Bromhist PDX",
"Dy G",
"Simuc DM",
"Ganituss Nr",
"Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine Hydrochloride",
"WellBid-D Sustained-Release",
"WellBid-D Sustained-Release",
"Codeine Phosphate Guaifenesin",
"Dyphylline Gg",
"Broncotron",
"Broncotron D",
"Guaifenesin-DM Nr",
"Tussin CF",
"Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, Guaifenesin",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin CF",
"Codar GF",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Cold Multi Symptom",
"WellTuss EXP",
"A-Tan 12X Suspension",
"Dyphylline GG ES",
"Medique CCP Caffeine Free",
"Otis Clapp Emagrin Forte",
"Medique CCP Caffeine Free",
"Otis Clapp Emagrin Forte",
"Leader Chest Congestion Relief Plus DMDM DM",
"Entex PAC",
"Robitussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Max",
"ExeFen IR",
"Cheratussin AC",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate SF",
"Green Guard Cough and Cold Relief",
"Medique Decorel Forte Plus",
"Medi-First Cold Relief",
"Medi-First Plus Cold Relief",
"Moore Medical MooreBrand Severe Cold Relief",
"Crantex",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Sudatex - DM",
"Robitussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Robitussin Cough and Chest Congestion Sugar Free DM",
"Tussin Sugar Free Cough",
"Cold Relief Severe Pain Cough",
"Hydrocodone/Guaifenesin",
"SudaTex G IR",
"Guiatuss DM",
"Robitussin Cough and Cold CF Max",
"Vicks VapoSyrup",
"ConRx Sinus",
"ConRx Cold",
"Sudatex - DM",
"guaifenesin and phenylephrine hydrochloride Sustained-Release",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Broncho Dilate",
"Gadavyt Cough DM",
"Bio-Z-Cough",
"Bronchial Asthma Relief",
"Childrens Mucinex Cough",
"Physicians Care Cold and Cough",
"Physicians Care Cold and Cough",
"Brontuss SF-NR",
"Safetussin DM",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Mucus Relief PE PE",
"Preferred Plus TabTussin DM DMTDM",
"Preferred Plus Chest Congestion Relief DMTDM TDM",
"Tylenol Sinus Congestion and Pain Severe",
"Robitussin Cough and Cold CF",
"ConRx Cold",
"Q Tussin DM",
"ConRx Sinus",
"SohMed Sinus",
"Bronco-Flu Plus",
"Bronco-Flu Des",
"Bronkisan",
"Tusnel Pediatric",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Broncotron S",
"SohMed Cold Relief",
"Pulmovac",
"Green Tussin DM",
"DM MAX Maxium Strength",
"Brontuss",
"Tussin DMMaximum Strength",
"Certuss-D",
"Childrens Cold, Cough and Sore Throat",
"ZoDEN",
"Cosedal Drops",
"Certuss",
"Broncotron PED",
"Broncotron PED",
"Childrens Multi-Symptom Cold",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough Maximum Strength",
"Bronco Pulmonar Syrup",
"Scot-Tussin Senior SF DMEXP",
"Tusnel C",
"Vanacof Dx",
"Vanacof Gpe",
"Vanatab Dx",
"Libera Tos",
"Libera Tos",
"Libera Tos",
"Vanacof G",
"Adult Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Tylenol Cold Head Congestion Severe",
"Skopko Chest Congestion Relief PE PE",
"Bionel Pediatric",
"Bionel",
"Z-dex",
"Childrens Mucinex Congestion and Cough",
"Endacon",
"Childrens Mucus Relief COUGH",
"Severe Congestion and Cough MAX Maxium Strength",
"Cheratussin AC",
"Cheratussin AC",
"Green Tussin SUGAR FREE DM",
"Adult Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Tylenol Cold Head Congestion Severe",
"Entex LQ",
"Tussin DM COUGH SUPPRESSANT/EXPECTORANT",
"TYLENOL COLD Cough and Severe Congestion",
"Shopko Chest Congestion Relief DMTDM TDM",
"Good Sense Tussin DM Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Baczol Expectorant",
"Cheracol D Cough Formula 4oz",
"Pancold S",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Day Time Severe Cold and Mucinex Fast-Max Night Time Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Broncomar",
"Alka-Seltzer Plus Severe Cough and Cold Day and Night",
"Siltussin DM",
"TRISPEC DMX Pediatric Drops Cough Suppressant Expectorant CHERRY RASPBERRY Flavor",
"Mucosa DM",
"Childrens Delsym Cough Plus Cold Day Time",
"HealthMart Mucus Relief FM",
"HealthMart Mucus Relief FM",
"HealthMart Mucus Relief FM",
"Mucinex Sinus-Max Pressure and Pain",
"Broncomar DM",
"Broncomar Maximum",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Bronkaid Dual Action Formula",
"G-Tuss-NL Ped",
"G-Xpect PSE",
"G-Tuss-NL",
"Tylenol Sinus Congestion and Pain Severe",
"Vicks DayQuil Nature Fusion Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Liquibid PD-R",
"Liquibid D-R",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin CF",
"Despec DM",
"Refenesen Chest Congestion Relief PE",
"Delsym Cough Plus Cold Day Time and Delsym Cough Plus Cold Night Time",
"Mucinex Sinus-Max Day Night Maximum Strength",
"Cold and Chest Congestion Relief",
"Tussin CF",
"Altidome DMX",
"Biophex TR",
"Biogtuss TR",
"Quality Choice Mucus Relief PE PE",
"Cold Multi-Symptom Day-time",
"Mucus Relief D Immediate Release",
"CounterAct Day",
"Select Brand Tab Tussin DM",
"Select Brand Mucus Relief DM",
"Select Brand Mucus Relief PE",
"ConRX DayTime",
"Ninjacof-XG",
"Childrens Mucinex Mini-Melts Cough",
"Harris Teeter Tussin",
"ExeFen DMX",
"ExeClear C",
"Bronco Silen-DM",
"Cough and Congestion DM",
"Dex-Tuss",
"Z-cof 12 DM",
"BP8 Cough",
"Family Care Multi Symptom Cold",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Day Time Severe Cold and Mucinex Fast-Max Night Time Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Altidesp",
"Biospec DMX",
"Wal-Phed PE Non-Drying Sinus",
"Mucinex Sinus-Max Severe Congestion Relief Maximum Strength",
"Vasopro Ephedrine",
"Severe Cold Relief",
"G-bronco-D",
"Aldex GS DM",
"Z-cof 1",
"Mucus Relief Plus",
"Aldex GS",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Severe Sinus Congestion",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Severe Multi-Symptom Cold",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain Severe",
"Alticotron",
"Childrens Mucinex Multi-Symptom Cold",
"Klernaz",
"TYLENOL Sinus Congestion And Pain Severe",
"ExeFen IR",
"Cold and Cough PE",
"Tussin DM Max non drowsy",
"Mucus Relief D",
"DESGEN DM Tabs",
"Tukol Maxium Strength Cough and Mucus Relief",
"Bisolvine Adult",
"Lortuss EX",
"Childrens Mucinex Stuffy Nose and Cold",
"Premier Value Chest and Sinus Congestion relief",
"Bisolvine Adult",
"Childrens Mucinex Cough",
"Hycofenix",
"Flowtuss",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold and Sinus",
"Tussin DM",
"Non Drowsy Cold and Cough PE",
"PE multi-stymptom cold and cough relief",
"Despec-Tab",
"Despec DM Tabs",
"Defensol-ito",
"Family Care Cough and Cold",
"Zyncof",
"Goyescas 7 Syrups Alcohol and Sugar Free Cough and Cold",
"Goyescas Broncovac 3 Cough and Cold",
"Goyescas 7 Syrups with Bee Honey Cough and Cold",
"Goyescas Broncovac 1 Cough and Cold",
"Goyescas 7 Syrups Original Cough and Cold",
"Goyescas Broncovac 2 Cough and Cold",
"Day and Night Cold PE",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Despec NR",
"Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Q Tussin DM",
"Mucinex Fast-Max DM Max",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Severe Cold",
"Broncochem Expectorant II",
"Broncochem Maximum Cough",
"Cough and Congestion DM",
"Mucus Relief DM Expectorant and Cough Suppressant",
"Theraflu Flu and Chest Congestion",
"Severe Cold Multi-Symptom",
"Cold Head Congestion Severe",
"Aspirin Free Cold Head Congestion Day Time",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Dometuss-G",
"Cold Head Congestion Non-Drowsy",
"Daytime Cold and Pain Relief",
"Cold and Flu Relief Severe",
"Head Congestion and Cold Relief Daytime",
"Childrens Mucinex Multi-Symptom Cold",
"Donatuss DC",
"Cold-EEZE Daytime Cold and Flu",
"Chest Congestion Childrens Plus Cough",
"Cold-EEZE Childrens Daytime Cough and Chest Congestion Relief",
"Sinus Pressure and Pain Maximum Strength",
"Pancold S Oral",
"Head Congestion Cold Relief Severe Non-Drowsy",
"Equaline Chest Congestion Relief DM DM",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Severe Congestion and Cough Liquid Pouches",
"Robafen DM Cough Sugar Free Clear",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Sinus Congestion PE",
"Mucinex Sinus-Max Pressure and Pain",
"Tussin DM Max Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Mucus Relief Maximum Strength",
"High Blood Pressure Chest Congestion and Cough",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Day Time Severe Cold and Mucinex Fast-Max Night Time Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Severe Congestion and Cold",
"Non-Drying Sinus PE",
"Q Tussin DM",
"Iophen C NR",
"Iophen DM NR",
"Nu-copd",
"Mucinex Sinus-Max Severe Congestion Relief Clear and Cool",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Congestion and Headache Clear and Cool",
"Kroger Cough Cold and Flu",
"Topcare Cold and Flu",
"Broncomar DM",
"Lusair",
"EXPECTUSS Liquid",
"Broncomar EXPECTORANT",
"Mucinex D",
"Mucinex DM",
"Mucinex DM",
"Mucinex D",
"Immediate-release Mucus Relief DM",
"Bronkaid Dual Action Formula",
"Bio-G-Tuss Pediatric Drops",
"Jay-Phyl",
"Cold Tabs II",
"J-max",
"Coditussin AC",
"Robi DM Max Cough Congestion 10ct Blister",
"Kroger Sinus Pain and Pressure",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Dg Health Tussin DM Adult",
"Coditussin DAC",
"Childrens Multi Symptom Cold",
"Childrens Mucinex Multi-Symptom Cold and Fever",
"Childrens Mucinex Stuffy Nose and Cold",
"J-max Dhc",
"Childrens Mucinex Cold, Cough and Sore Throat",
"Childrens Mucinex Cough",
"Assured Maximum Strength Mucus Relief",
"Chest Congestion Relief",
"Chest Congestion Relief",
"CVS Chest Congestion Relief PE",
"Theraflu Max-D",
"Severe Congestion and Cough Relief",
"Cough Suppressant and Expectorant DM",
"Duraflu",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin CF",
"Tussin Sugar Free Cough",
"Poly-tussin EX",
"Leader Cold Head Congestion",
"Dr. Cocoa Mucus Relief",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief Cold,Flu and Sore Throat",
"Mucus Relief Cold and Sinus Maximum Strength",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Good Sense Day Time",
"Bronkaid Dual Action Formula",
"Virtussin AC",
"Good Sense Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cold",
"Dextromethorphan HBr, Guaifenesin",
"PediaCare Childrens Cough and Congestion",
"Multi-Symptom Cold and Cough Daytime Nighttime",
"Leader Childrens Mucus Relief",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Sound Body Tussin DM",
"CVS Health Chest Congestion Relief PE",
"ShopRite Adult Tussin",
"Cold Head Congestion Severe",
"Tussin DM adult cough and chest congestion",
"ShopRite Severe Cold",
"Tussin CF Max",
"Mucus Relief Cough and Congestion DM",
"Cheratussin AC",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Cold relief",
"Theraflu ExpressMax Severe Cold and Flu Caplets",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain Severe",
"Up and Up mucus relief severe congestion and cough",
"Tusnel Diabetic",
"Virtussin DAC",
"Tussin Sugar Free Cough",
"Theraflu Warming Relief Cold and Chest Congestion",
"Tussin Sugar Free Cough",
"Tussin CF",
"Panto A",
"PhysiciansCare Cold and Cough Non-Drowsy",
"MucaphEd",
"Up and Up Childrens Mucus Relief and Cough",
"Up and Up adult cough formula DM Non drowsy",
"Up and Up Adult Cough and Cold",
"Broncomar Maximun Cough Relief",
"Xpecto soothing relief",
"Theraflu ExpressMax Severe Cold and Flu Syrup",
"Carbatuss",
"Biocotron PED",
"Tussin DM Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Day Time",
"Equaline adult tussin cough and chest congestion",
"Congestac",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cold",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Severe Cold",
"Tussin CF",
"TRISPEC PSE Pediatric Drops Cough Suppressant Expectorant Nasal Decongestant GRAPE Flavor",
"Tussin DM",
"Broncochem Maximum Cough Kids",
"Broncochem Kids Cold and Flu",
"Tussin DM",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Coricidin HBP Day and Night",
"Safetussin DM",
"Virtussin AC",
"Preferred Plus Mucus Relief",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Mucus Relief DM Max Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Tussin Sugar Free Cough",
"Tussin CF Multi-Symptom Cold",
"Mucinex Sinus-Max Severe Congestion Relief",
"MAR-COF CG Expectorant",
"Guaifenesin AC",
"Relhist DMX",
"Guaifenesin DAC",
"FormuCare Cough Syrup DM",
"Up and Up Tussin Multi Symptom Cold Maximum Strength",
"Preferred Plus Severe Cold Day Time Cold and Flu Night Time",
"Preferred Plus Sinus Relief",
"Preferred Plus Sinus Relief",
"Preferred Plus Sinus Relief Day Tiime Night Time",
"Up and Up Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Up and Up Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cold",
"Preferred Plus Mucus Relief Cold and Sinus",
"Up and Up Mucus Relief Cold and Sinus",
"Up and Up Adult Cough Formula DM Max",
"Preferred Plus Day Time Cold and Flu",
"PhysiciansCare Cold and Cough Non-Drowsy",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"DG Health Fast Acting Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cold",
"Tussin Sugar Free Cough",
"Vicks DayQuil Mucus Control DM",
"CareOne Childrens Mucus Relief",
"Humana Pharmacy Tussin Multi Symptom Cold",
"Childrens Tukol Multi-Symptom Cold and Flu",
"Tussin DM",
"Childrens Cough Mucus Relief",
"Tukol MAX ACTION Cold, Sore Throat and Cough",
"Tukol MAX ACTION Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cold",
"Chlo Tuss EX",
"Tussin CF Dextromethorphan HBr, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine HCL",
"Z-tuss E",
"Adult Tussin DM Max",
"Tussin DM",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cold",
"Tussin CF Adult Non Drowsy",
"Tussin Adult",
"Q Tussin DM",
"Cold Relief Daytime",
"DayTime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Expectorant Cough Childrens",
"Mucus Relief Cold and Sinus",
"Severe Cold Daytime Cold and Flu Nighttime",
"Day Relief",
"Cold Relief",
"Childrens Mucus Relief Multi Symptom Cold",
"Mucus Relief Severe Cold",
"Alka-Seltzer Plus Max Cough, Mucus and Congestion",
"Tussin CF",
"Tussin Sugar Free Cough",
"Daytime",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"TYLENOL Cold Multi-Symptom Severe",
"Mucus Relief DM Max Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Tussin DM",
"Smart Sense tussin dm max adult",
"Cold Relief Head Congestion",
"Smart Sense Adult Tussin DM sugar free",
"Healthy Accents cold head congestion daytime non drowsy",
"Donatussin",
"Daytime",
"Donatussin DROPS",
"CareOne Adult Tussin DM",
"Non-Drowsy Wal-Phed PE Triple Relief",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Tussin CF",
"Robafen DM Max Non drowsy",
"Robafen AC",
"Cold and Sinus PE Pressure, Pain and Cold Non-Drowsy",
"Mucus Relief Maximum Strength",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Equaline Tussin Cough and Cold",
"Topcare Cold Multi Symptom Severe",
"CareOne Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cold",
"Topcare Cold Head Congestion Severe",
"Severe Cold",
"Tussin DM",
"Mucus Relief Cold and Sinus",
"Mucus Relief cold flu and sore throat",
"Healthy Accents Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cold",
"Sunmark cold head congestion",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Cold Severe",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cold",
"Childrens Delsym Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Cheratussin DAC",
"Mucosa DM",
"Mucus Relief",
"Maximum Strength Daytime Cold/Flu Relief",
"Adult Tussin Cough and Cold CF",
"Triaminic Chest and Nasal Congestion",
"Tussin DM",
"Mucus Relief Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"CareOne Tussin DM cough plus chest congestion",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough Maximum Strength",
"Childrens Multi Symptom Cold",
"Cough Childrens",
"Mucus Relief Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Tussin Cough DM Adult Sugar Free",
"Tussin Cough DM Adult",
"Tussin CF",
"Leader Tussin DM",
"Poly Hist CB",
"Sound Body Tussin CF",
"Dover Coldonyl",
"Obredon",
"Tussin CF Maximum Strength",
"Pediacare Childrens Cough And Congestion",
"Up and Up mucus relief cold, flu and sore throat",
"Cold and Chest Congestion Relief",
"Cold and Sinus Maxium Strength",
"Tussin Cough Expectorant Cough Supressant DM",
"Tusslin TR",
"Wal Tussin CF Max",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin Cough Adult Maximum Strength",
"Cough Tussin",
"Adult CF Cough",
"Cough",
"Cough Syrup",
"Sun Mark Tussin DM cough and chest congestion",
"Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Maxium Strength",
"Mucus Relief Maximum Strength",
"Zicam",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Day Severe Congestion and Cough and Night Cold and Flu",
"Mucus Relief Maximum Strength",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Day Severe Cold and Night Cold and Flu",
"Smart Sense Tussin DM",
"Smart Sense Adults Tussin CF Multi Symptom Cold",
"Berkley and Jensen Adult Tussin DM",
"Smart Sense Tussin CF Adult",
"Childrens Mucus Relief Cherry",
"Tussin CF",
"Childrens Relief Cherry",
"Childrens Mucus Relief",
"CareOne Tussin CF Multi Symptom Cold",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Mucus Relief Cough and Congestion DM",
"Rapid Max Maximum Strength Cool and Clear - Cold, Flu and Sore throat",
"Childrens Tussin DM",
"Rapid Max Maximum Strength Cool and Clear - Cold, Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Vicks Formula 44 Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Mucinex DM",
"Despec DM",
"Adult Tussin DM Lil Drug Store Products",
"Maxifed",
"Tusnel Pediatric",
"Altipres Pediatric",
"Biodesp DM NF",
"Altipres",
"Biocof",
"Tusnel",
"Siltussin DM",
"Topcare Mucus Relief",
"Deconex",
"Sinus Relief Severe Congestion",
"Deconex DM",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"DoloMax Cold Cough",
"Topcare Chest Congestion and Sinus Congestion Relief PE",
"TopCare Chest Congestion and Cough Relief DM",
"Alka-Seltzer Plus Severe Cold, Mucus and Congestion",
"Topcare Cough Cold and Flu Simple Relief",
"Wal Tussin DM",
"topcare tussin CF",
"Dg Health Cold Head Congestion Severe Day Time",
"Wal-Phed PE Pressure plus Pain plus Cold Daytime, Nighttime, Multi-Symptom",
"Topcare Tussin DM",
"Diabetic Maximum Strength Siltussin DM DAS-Na",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Tussin DM Max",
"Multi Symptom Cold",
"Cold Relief Severe",
"Good Sense cold multi symptom",
"Cough Syrup",
"Severe Cold Multi Symptom",
"Good Sense Mucus D",
"Tussin",
"Cold Relief Multi Symptom",
"Leader Tussin",
"Rx Act Tussin CF Cough and Cold",
"RelCof IR",
"Leader Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cold",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"SINUS RELIEF Maximum Strength Daytime and Nighttime Sinus Pain",
"Diabetic Tussin DM",
"Daytime Sinus Nighttime Sinus Maximum Strength",
"Deconex Ir",
"Deconex Dmx",
"Cold Multi Symptom Severe",
"cold and cough sinus relief PE NON-DROWSY",
"Careone Severe Sinus Congestion and Pain",
"Good Sense Tussin CF Cough and Cold",
"Wal Tussin CF Cough and Cold",
"Despec-Tab",
"Despec",
"Diabetic Siltussin DM DAS-Na",
"Cold and Cough MULTI-SYMPTOM DAYTIME / NIGHTTIME",
"Cheratussin AC",
"Tukol A",
"Care One cold head congestion",
"CareOne Mucus Relief",
"CareOne Mucus Relief",
"Multi Symptom Cold CF",
"DG Health cold multi symptom severe",
"Dg Health Mucus Relief",
"Sinus Congestion And Pain Daytime",
"Cough Formula Cough and Cold",
"Ritussin DM",
"Mucus DM Extended Release",
"Careone Childrens Mucus Relief",
"Leader Mucus DM",
"Topcare mucus relief",
"Biodesp DM",
"Tussin DM",
"BioGtuss NF",
"Bio-S-Pres DX",
"Altituss",
"Topcare mucus relief cold flu and sore throat",
"Topcare Childrens Mucus Relief Multi Symptom Cold",
"Vicks DayQuil Cough",
"Igualtuss",
"Severe Cough and Congestion",
"Zodryl DEC 35",
"Severe Congestion and Cough/Cold and Flu Daytime/Nighttime/Maximum Strength",
"Good Sense Mucus DM",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Tussin CF Cough and Cold",
"Adults Tussin DM",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan",
"DG health mucus dm",
"DayQuil Severe plus Vicks VapoCool",
"Marcs Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"Hycofenix",
"Flowtuss",
"Childrens Cough",
"Robafen CF Cough and cold",
"Childrens Multi-symptom Cold",
"Childrens Multi-symptom Cold and Fever Liquid",
"Exchange Select Mucus DM",
"Severe Sinus Congestion Relief",
"Virtussin AC",
"Tylenol Sinus Severe",
"Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Severe Severe",
"Lil Drug Store Multi-Symptom Sinus Relief",
"Lil Drug Store Multi-Symptom Sinus Relief",
"Mucus DM",
"Mucus Relief Complete",
"Mucus Relief Cough",
"Aurotussin Peak Cold Maximum Strength Cough plus Chest Congestion DM",
"CareOne Cold and Sinus",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough Maximum Strength",
"Topcare Mucus DM",
"Robafen",
"Rugby Cough",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Codeine Phosphate and Guaifenesin",
"Severe Cough and Congestion",
"MAX Cold, Flu, and Sore Throat",
"Up and Up Maximum Strength Mucus Relief DM",
"Scot-Tussin Senior Maximum Strength Cough Suppressant and Expectorant",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Congestion and Headache",
"Despec EDA Drops",
"Tussin CF",
"Tussin DM",
"Despec",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Tussin DM Max",
"Extra action Cough",
"Signature Care Non drowsy Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Dg Health Cold and Flu Severe",
"Tussin DM Max Daytime Nighttime",
"Tussin Maximum Strength",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Tussin CF Max",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Gilphex TR",
"TYLENOL Cold Plus Mucus Severe",
"Tussin DM",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Multi Symptom Cold",
"Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Vicks DayQuil Severe Cold and Flu",
"Wal Tussin DM Max",
"Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Adult DM Max Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Childrens mucus relief",
"Bactimicina Cough and Cold",
"Mucinex Sinus-Max Pressure, Pain and Cough",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain Severe",
"DG Health adult tussin multi symptom cold",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Careone daytime severe cold and flu",
"Severe Daytime",
"Facol Classic One",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Mucus Relief cold and sinus",
"Up and Up severe cold and flu daytime",
"Equate DayTime Severe",
"Rabofen DM",
"Facol Cold and Flu Day and Night",
"Facol Cold and Flu Day",
"Facol Cold and Flu Night",
"Daytime Cold and Flu",
"Robafen DM",
"Obredon",
"Mucinex Childrens Cough",
"Daytime Fast Severe Cold Relief Nitetime Fast Cold and Flu Relief",
"Mucinex Childrens Multi-Symptom Cold and Sore Throat",
"Delsym Cough Plus Cold Day Time",
"Mucinex Childrens Multi-Symptom Cough, Cold and Fever",
"Mucinex Sinus-Max Severe Congestion Relief",
"Daytime Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Neogen-D",
"Tussin Sugar Free",
"Tussin DM COUGH SUPPRESSANT/EXPECTORANT",
"Fast Cold and Flu Relief",
"Mucinex Sinus-Max Pressure and Pain",
"Mucinex Sinus-Max Pressure and Pain",
"Leader Severe Cold and Flu",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Severe Cold",
"Tylenol Sinus Severe",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Day Time Cold and Flu and Night Time Cold and Flu",
"Mucus Relief DM Immediate Release",
"Leader Tussin CF",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Leader Day Time",
"Leader Adult Tussin DM",
"Severe Sinus",
"Delsym Cough Plus Cold Day Time",
"Equaline Daytime Severe Cold Fast Relief Nighttime Cold and Flu Fast Relief",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Day Time Severe Cold and Mucinex Fast-Max Night Time Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Equaline mucus relief",
"Childrens Mucinex Congestion and Cough",
"Multi Symptom Cold CF",
"PECGEN PSE Cough Suppressant Expectorant Nasal Decongestant GRAPE Flavor",
"Supress DM",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Severe Congestion and Cough Clear and Cool and Mucinex Fast-Max Night Time Cold and Flu Clear and Cool",
"Mucinex Sinus-Max Severe Congestion Relief",
"Leader Mucus Relief",
"Leader Childrens Mucus Relief Multi Symptom Cold",
"Leader Tussin DM",
"Adult Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Sugar Free",
"Rexall DM Cough and Congestion Relief",
"Childrens Mucinex Multi Symptom Cold and Childrens Mucinex Night Time Multi Symptom Cold",
"Tussi Pres Pediatric",
"Severe Cold Head Congestion",
"Mucus Relief Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Harris Teeter Sinus Relief",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Severe Daytime",
"Actinel Pediatric",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Day Time Severe Congestion and Cough and Mucinex Fast-Max Night Time Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Flu Relief Cold and Chest Congestion",
"Actinel",
"Mucosa DM",
"Sorbugen",
"Supress DX Pediatric Drops",
"Careone Day Severe Cold Night Cold and Flu",
"SUPRESS-PE Pediatric",
"Healthy Accents Mucus Relief Severe Cold",
"Healthy Accents Cold and Flu",
"DG Health Mucus Relief",
"Healthy Accents Sinus Relief",
"Healthy Accents Sinus Relief",
"Primatene",
"Healthy Accents Daytime Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Healthy Accents Mucus Relief cold and sinus",
"DG Health Fast Acting Mucus Relief Severe Cold",
"Robafen DM",
"Mucinex Fast Max Day Time Severe Congestion and Cough and Night Time Cold and Flu",
"Sorbutuss NR",
"Mucus Relief Maximum Strength DM Max",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Day Time Severe Congestion and Cough and Mucinex Fast-Max Night Time Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Biospec DMX",
"BioTPres Pediatric",
"Good Sense tussin dm max",
"Biocotron-D",
"BioGtuss",
"BioTPres",
"Tusnel",
"Healthy Accents Mucus Relief cold flu and sore throat",
"Biobron DX",
"Mucinex Sinus-Max Day Time Severe Congestion Relief and Mucinex Sinus-Max Night Time Congestion and Cough Maximum Strength",
"Tusnel DM Pediatric",
"Good Sense Cold and Flu Severe",
"Tusicof",
"Tussi Pres",
"G-Supress DX",
"Actidom Dmx",
"Presgen Pediatric",
"Mucus and Cough Relief",
"Expectorant Tab DM",
"Tussin CF",
"Pressure Plus Pain PE Plus Cold",
"Tussin DM Adult",
"MAXIUM STRENGTH SEVERE CONGESTION and COUGH MAX",
"PRESSURE plus PAIN plus MUCUS",
"Mucus Relief Sinus Severe Congestion Relief",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough Maximum Strength",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Sinus Severe",
"Mucus Relief Cold and Sinus Maximum Strength",
"Pressure plus Pain PE plus Mucus",
"Tussin CF Adult",
"Cold and Head Congestion Severe",
"Severe Cold Head Congestion",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Maxium Strength DM Max",
"Mucus Relief Day Time and Night Time",
"Mucus Relief Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Mucus Relief Severe Cold",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain Severe",
"Severe Sinus Congestion and Pain",
"Mucus Relief Sinus Pressure and Pain",
"Pressure Pain Mucus PE",
"Pressure and Pain PE Plus Mucus",
"Pressure and Pain PE Plus Cold",
"Tussin CF",
"Virtussin A/C",
"Mucus Relief Cold, Flu, Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Careone Daytime Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu",
"NightTime DayTime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Day Time Night Time Severe Cold and Flu",
"Severe Nighttime Severe Daytime",
"Signature Care daytime nighttime severe cold and flu relief",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"NiteTime DayTime Cold and Flu",
"Up and Up severe cold and flu",
"Sinus Severe",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Care One Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"Wal Tussin DM Max Nighttime Wal Tussin DM Max",
"Mucinex Childrens Stuffy Nose and Chest Congestion",
"Mucinex Childrens Multi-Symptom Cold",
"Equate DayTime NiteTime Severe",
"Biocotron",
"Childrens Multi Symptom Cold",
"Mucinex D",
"Adult Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Sugar Free",
"Mucinex D",
"Quality Choice Mucus Relief DM DM",
"Mucus Relief DM Extended Release Caplets",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Mucus Relief DM Extended Release Caplets",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough Maximum Strength",
"Cheratussin AC",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief DM Maximum Strength",
"Robitussin Peak Cold Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Robitussin Peak Cold Sugar-Free Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Daytime Mucus Relief Severe Cold and Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Basic Care Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Robitussin Severe Multi-Symptom Cough Cold Flu",
"Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Severe Sinus Congestion",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Mucus Relief DM",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Tab Tussin DM DMTDM",
"Daytime Nighttime Sinus Relief Maximum Strength",
"EQUATE Tussin DM Max Daytime Nighttime",
"Daytime Mucus Relief Severe Cold Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Pressure Pain Cold PE",
"CVS Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"Leader Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Leader severe cold and flu",
"Leader Mucus Relief Sever Cold",
"Leader Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Cold and Flu Severe Daytime and Nighttime",
"Leader mucus relief cold and sinus",
"Mucus Relief Daytime Severe Cold Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Severe Cold Daytime",
"Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Nighttime Sinus Relief Maximum Strength",
"TopCare Mucus D",
"Leader tussin dm max adult",
"Rugby Mucus Relief D",
"Robitussin Maximum Strength Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Basic Care Mucus DM",
"Wal Tussin CF Max Multi Symptom Cough Cold and Flu",
"Basic Care Daytime Severe Cold Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Topcare Day Time Nite Time Cold and Flu",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Virtussin Dac",
"Basic Care Daytime Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Sinus Pressure and Pain Relief maximum strength",
"Basic Care Daytime Cold and Flu Severe",
"Basic Care daytime nighttime severe cold and flu",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough Maximum Strength",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Daytime and Nighttime Cough and Chest Congestion Childrens",
"Equate Adult Tussin DM Max Daytime Nighttime",
"Day Severe Cold Night Cold and Flu",
"Lil Drug Store Multi-Symptom Sinus Severe Congestion",
"Colcol-S",
"Cheratussin AC",
"Stop Cough PLUS",
"Mucinar PLUS",
"Robitussin Peak Cold Multi-Symptom Cold",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Childrens Robitussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Childrens Robitussin Cough and Cold CF",
"Entex T",
"Aurotussin Peak Cold sugar-free COUGH PLUS CHEST CONGESTION DM",
"Whituben",
"Tussin Multi Symptom Cold CF Adult",
"Rabofen DM",
"Day Severe Cold and Night Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Siltussin DM",
"VanaTab DM",
"Diabetic Siltussin DM DAS-Na",
"Mucus D",
"Giltuss Cough and Cold",
"Doc in the Box All Day Supply",
"Pharbinex-DM",
"Red Label Ephed Plus",
"Giltuss Diabetic Cough and Cold",
"Pharbinex-PE",
"Good Sense Day Time Night Time Cold and Flu",
"Giltuss Childrens Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Meds on the Go",
"Giltuss HBP Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Giltuss Childrens Cough and Cold",
"Ephed Asthma",
"Siltussin DM",
"Ephed Plus Liquid",
"Giltuss Cough and Cold",
"Pseudo Ephed Plus",
"Giltuss Sinus and Chest Congestion",
"Red Label Ephedrine Plus",
"Sound Body Mucus DM",
"SanaTos X",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Ephed Plus",
"Mucus Relief Severe Cough and Congestion",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion Cough Maximum Strength",
"Severe Wal Tussin CF Max",
"Cough Control DM Sugar Free",
"Premier Value Maximum Strength",
"Good Sense Tussin DM Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Good Sense Tussin CF",
"Good Sense Tussin DM",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Vicks childrens Cough Congestion",
"Vicks Cough and Congestion DM",
"Codeine-Guaifenesin",
"Cold Multi-Symptom Severe",
"Mucus Relief All in One Maximum Strength",
"Day and Night Sinus Maximum Strength",
"Otis Clapp Emagrin Forte",
"Daytime Cold and Flu Nitetime Cold and Flu",
"Tussin Cough DM Sugar Free",
"Tussin DM cough and chest congestion",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief DM",
"Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Severe Congestion and Cold Maximum Strength",
"Basic Care Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"DayQuil Severe Plus VapoCOOL Cold And Flu",
"Cold, Flu, and Sore Throat",
"Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Severe Cold Plus Flu Daytime Nighttime",
"Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Mucus Relief DM Extended Release Caplets Maximum Strength",
"Mucinex Childrens Cold and Flu",
"Cold and Sinus Maximum Strength, Multi-Symptom",
"Mucinex DM Maximum Strength",
"Mucinex Childrens Cough Mini-Melts Orange Creme",
"Basic Care Day Time Night Time Cold and Flu",
"Sinus Relief Day Night",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Cold and Flu Severe Daytime Nighttime",
"Mucinex Childrens Cough and Congestion",
"Mucinex Junior Cold and Flu",
"Multi Symptom Cold and Multi Symptom Nighttime Cold Childrens",
"Premier Value",
"Only For COLD AND FLU COUGH SUPPRESSANT",
"Siltussin DM DAS Cough Formula",
"Only For COUGH",
"Basic Care Daytime Severe Cold Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Ultra Tuss Safe",
"Ultra Tuss DM",
"Childrens Robitussin Honey Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Actinel DM",
"Rugby Cough",
"Mucinex Childrens Day Time Multi-Symptom Cold and Night Time Multi-Symptom Cold",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Robafen DM",
"CVS Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief Softgels",
"Tusnel DM",
"Tusnel SF",
"King-Tuss SF",
"Tussin DM",
"Tusnel Pediatric DM",
"Limpia Pecho",
"Geri-Tussin DM",
"Mucus Relief DM Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough Maximum Strength",
"Robafen",
"Sun Mark Tussin DM cough and chest congestion",
"Palagrip",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"7 Select Maximum Strength",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Daytime Nighttime Multi Symptom Cold Childrens",
"COLD and FLU DAYTIME MAXIMUM STRENGTH NON-DROWSY SEVERE",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"DayQuil Severe plus Vicks VapoCool Cold and Flu",
"COLD, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Equaline Mucus Relief",
"Mucus Relief Congestion and Headache Maximum Strength",
"Robitussin Maximum Strength 12 Hour Cough and Mucus Relief",
"Basic Care Daytime Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"DayQuil Severe",
"Tussin Multi Symptom Cold CF",
"Vicks DayQuil Severe Cold and Flu",
"DayQuil Severe plus Vicks VapoCool",
"Good Sense Mucus DM",
"Cold and Flu",
"Topcare Mucus DM",
"Up and Up Mucus Relief DM",
"Mucus Relief PE",
"Pharbinex-PE",
"Pharbinex-DM",
"Tussin DM Adult",
"Congestion and Cough Childrens",
"Tussin DM Max Adult Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Leader Maximum Strength Mucus Relief DM",
"Walgreens Grape Flavor",
"Walgreens",
"Basic Care Mucus DM",
"Severe Congestion and Cough/ Cold and Flu Daytime/nighttime",
"Multi-Symptom Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Cold and Flu Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Severe",
"Equaline Daytime Cold and Flu Fast Relief Nighttime Cold and Flu Fast Relief",
"Tussin DM Adult",
"Cold and Flu severe",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Sinus",
"Careone Day Cold and Flu Night Cold and Flu",
"Mucus Relief DM Extended Release Caplets",
"Mucus Relief Maximum StrengthCold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Tylenol Sinus Severe",
"Basic Care Day Time Cold and Flu Night Time Cold and Flu",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough Maximum Strength",
"Walgreens Daytime Childrens",
"Topcare Day Time Cold and Flu",
"Daytime Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Cough Control DM Max",
"DM Max Relief Maximum Strength",
"Adult Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Sugar Free",
"Tussin CF Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief MAXIMUM STRENGTH",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Vicks DayQuil Severe and Vicks NyQuil Severe Cold and Flu",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cold Max Maximum Strength",
"Cheratussin AC",
"Severe Congestion and Cough, Cold and Flu Daytime and Nighttime",
"Cold and Head Congestion Severe/Daytime",
"Severe Sinus Congestion",
"Severe Congestion and Cough, Cold and Flu Daytime, Nighttime",
"Tukol X-Pecto Miel Multi Symptom Cold",
"Mucus Relief Daytime/Nighttime",
"Topcare Mucus Relief",
"Tukol Multi Symptom Cold",
"Severe Cold and Flu Daytime",
"SUDAFED PE Head Congestion Plus Mucus",
"Sinus Pressure and Pain",
"Severe Cold and Flu Relief Daytime/Nighttime",
"G Tussin AC",
"CareOne Severe Cold",
"Mucus Relief Maximum Strength",
"Sunmark Chest Congestion Relief PE PE",
"Health Mart Childrens Mucus Relief Cough",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain Severe",
"HealthMart Chest Congestion Relief DMDM DM",
"Sunmark Chest Congestion Relief DM DM",
"Health Mart Daytime",
"Health Mart Adult Tussin DM",
"Up and Up Daytime Vapor Ice Cold and Flu Nighttime Vapor Ice Cold and Flu",
"Up and Up Daytime Vapor Ice Cold and Flu Nighttime Vapor Ice Cold and Flu",
"Topcare Day Night",
"Health Mart mucus relief DM",
"Sunmark mucus relief DM",
"Vicks DayQuil Severe Cold and Flu",
"Vicks DayQuil and Vicks NyQuil Severe Cold and Flu",
"Mucus Relief Sinus Severe Congestion and Pain",
"Mucus and Sinus PE",
"cold and sinus PE",
"Severe Cold",
"Mucus Relief All In One Cold and Flu",
"Mucus Relief Sinus Pressure, Pain and Cough",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Sinus Severe",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Cold Relief Severe Head Congestion",
"Daytime Sinus Nighttime Sinus Maximum Strength",
"Severe Sinus Congestion and Pain Daytime",
"Mucus Relief Daytime/Nighttime/Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"7 select Tussin DM",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief DM",
"Childrens Mucus and Cough Relief",
"Mucus Relief Maximum Strength Multi Symptom Relief",
"Respaire-30",
"Up and Up maximum Strength fast mucus relief Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Childrens Mucus and Cough Relief",
"Stona Cough",
"Dg Health Day Time Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Acetaminophen 500mg, Dextromethorphan HBr 10mg, Guaifenesin 200mg, Phenylephrine HCl 5mg",
"Vicks DayQuil and Vicks NyQuil Severe Cold and Flu",
"DayQuil Severe VapoCool",
"Presgen",
"Sinus Relief Daytime, Nighttime, Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief DM Maximum Strength",
"Codeine-Guaifenesin",
"Tussin DM Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Topcare Day Time Cold and Flu",
"Tusslin Pediatric",
"G-tron Ped",
"Desgen Pediatric",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief Cold,Flu and Sore Throat",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Oral Solution",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Oral Solution",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Mucus DM Extended Release",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Pecgen Dmx",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Chloresin",
"Tukol Cough And Cold Honey Flavor",
"Equate Tussin DM adult",
"Tusslin",
"Multi-Symptom Cold and Sinus Maximum Strength",
"Equate Tussin CF",
"Extra action Cough",
"Maximum Strength Mucinex Fast-Max Cold and Flu",
"Rabofen DM",
"Robafen DM Cough Sugar Free Clear",
"Robafen AC",
"Multi Symptom Cold CF Adult",
"Tussin CF",
"Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Wal-Phed PE Multi Symptom",
"Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Sugar Free",
"Cold Relief Multi-Symptom Severe",
"Cold Relief Cold and Flu Severe",
"Sinus Relief Congestion and Pain Severe",
"Cough Syrup DM",
"Cold Terminator Max",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Severe Congestion and Pain",
"Cold Relief Head Congestion Severe",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Severe Congestion and Cold Maximum Strength/ Multi-Symptom",
"Severe Cold and Mucus",
"Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Tussin DM Cough and Chest Non Drowsy",
"Cold Head Congestion Severe",
"Tussin CF Non Drowsy Multi Symptom",
"Tussin Multi Symptom Cold CF Adult",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough Maximum Strength",
"Tussin DM Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Tussin CF Non Drowsy Multi Symptom",
"Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Sugar Free",
"Mucus Relief Cold, Flu, Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Sugar Free",
"Sinus Severe",
"Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Adult",
"Mucus Relief DM MAX Maximum Strength",
"Cough and Congestion DM Sugar Free",
"Severe Cold, Cold and Flu Maximum Strength, Daytime, Nightime",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Severe Cold",
"Cough and Chest Congestion DM Maximum Strength",
"Severe Sinus Congestion and Pain",
"Cough Cold and Sore Throat Childrens",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Severe Sinus Congestion and Pain Daytime",
"Robitussin Maximum Strength Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Cough and Chest Congestion DM Maximum Strength",
"Cold and Flu Daytime, Nighttime",
"Cold and Head Congestion Severe",
"Mucus Congestion and Cough Relief Childrens",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain Relief Non-Drowsy/Daytime",
"Robitussin Honey Maximum Strength Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Cold Flu Severe Day Night",
"Severe Cold Multi Symptom",
"Mucus Relief Sinus Day and Night",
"Cold Flu Severe",
"Severe Cold and Flu Maximum Strength, Daytime, Non-Drowsy",
"Cold Head Congestion Severe",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Topcare Mucus Relief Cold and Flu",
"Severe Cold Head Congestion",
"Severe Congestion and Sinus Relief Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Cold and Sinus Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Severe Cold",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Severe Cold",
"Pressure and Pain and Cold",
"Mucus Relief Cold and Sinus",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Mucus Relief Maximum StrengthCold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Mucus Relief Sinus Severe Congestion Relief",
"Mucus Relief PE",
"Wal-Phed PE, Multi-Symptom, Daytime, Nighttime",
"Mucus Sinus Relief Day and Night",
"Mucus Relief DM Extended Release Caplets",
"Mucus Relief Sinus Pressure and Pain",
"Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Sinus Severe",
"Cold and Flu",
"Severe Congestion and Cough, Cold and Flu Daytime, Nighttime",
"Cold Multi-Symptom Severe",
"Pressure Pain Mucus",
"Severe Congestion",
"Pressure Pain Cold",
"Cold Flu Severe",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Cold Head Congestion Severe",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain Relief",
"Histenol Forte II",
"Sinus Severe",
"Mucus Relief DM Extended Release Caplets",
"Maximum Strength Mucinex Fast-Max Day Cold and Flu and Night Cold and Flu",
"Daytime Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough and Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Good Sense Tussin DM",
"Daytime Mucus Relief Severe Cold Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Pressure Pain Cold",
"Cold Flu Sore Throat",
"Sinus Relief Severe Congestion Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Severe Cold Daytime Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief DM Max Maximum Strength",
"Sinus Relief PE Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief DM Extended Release Caplets Maximum Strength",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Severe Cold",
"Sinus Relief Maximum Strength",
"Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine Hydrochloride",
"Severe Cold and Flu Relief Daytime/Nighttime",
"Mucinex Sinus - Max Day / Night",
"ColdaeWon Cold A",
"Daytime Mucus Relief Severe Cold Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Nighttime Sinus Relief Maximum Strength",
"Sinus Severe",
"Cold Flu Severe",
"Mucus Relief DM Maximum Strength",
"Equate Daytime Vapor Ice Cold and Flu",
"Cold Head Congestion Severe",
"Cold Sinus",
"Cold Flu Severe Day Night",
"DayTime Mucus Relief Severe Cold and Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"ColdaeWon Cough A",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Topcare Day Time Nite Time Cold and Flu",
"Mucus Relief DM Max Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Cold and Sinus Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief DM Extended Release",
"Fast Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength Multi-Symptom",
"Daytime Mucus Relief Severe Cold Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"DayTime Mucus Relief Severe Cold and Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Pressure Plus Pain PE Plus Mucus",
"Mucus Relief DM MAX Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Congestion and Cough Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Severe Cold Daytime Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Pressure Plus Pain PE Plus Cold",
"Cold and Head Congestion Severe",
"Sunmark Adult Tussin DM",
"Mucus Relief Severe Cold Daytime Cold and Flu Nighttime",
"Sinus Relief Day and Night",
"Equate Daytime Cold and Flu",
"Cold Max Severe",
"Delsym Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Cold Flu Severe",
"Mucus Relief DM Extended Release Caplets",
"Multi-Symptom Cold Severe, Non-Drowsy, Daytime",
"Delsym Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM and Delsym Cough Plus Cold Night Time",
"Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Adult",
"Tussin Multi Symptom Cold CF Adult",
"Mucus DM",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Mucus Relief DM Cough Maximum Strength",
"Childrens Mucus Relief DM",
"Multi Symptom Cold Relief CF Non Drowsy",
"Severe Cold Daytime Multi-Symptom Non-Drowsy",
"Childrens Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Childrens Mucus Relief Chest Congestion Plus Cough",
"Daytime Mucus Relief Severe Cold and Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Robafen DM Peak Cold Sugar-free Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Childrens Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Severe Cold, Cold and Flu Daytime, Nighttime, Maximum Strength",
"Mucinex DM",
"Sinus PE Pressure, Pain and Cold Daytime, Non-Drowsy",
"Physicians Care Cold Cough",
"Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Health Mart Severe Cold and Flu",
"Robitussin Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Tussin CF Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Nighttime Sinus Relief Maximum Strength",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Daytime Mucus Relief Severe Cold and Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Pseudoephedrine HCl and Guaifenesin",
"Cold Relief Multi Symptom Severe",
"Cold Relief Multi-Symptom, Daytime, Nighttime, Non-drowsy",
"Mucus Relief Cold and SInus Max Maximum Strength",
"Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Relief Maximum Strength, Multi Symptom",
"Walgreens Severe Warming Cold and Flu For Adults",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief Softgels",
"AuroMucus - Fast Maximum Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Relief",
"KMart - Fast Maximum Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Relief",
"Tussin DM Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Walgreens Severe Cold Multi-Symptom For Adults",
"AuroMucus - Childrens Multi-Symptom Cold",
"AuroMucus - Childrens Stuffy Nose and Cold",
"AuroMucus - Fast Maximum Cold and Sinus",
"AuroMucus - Childrens Stuffy Nose and Cold",
"AuroMucus - Fast Maximum Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Severe Cold and Flu Daytime Non Drowsy Nighttime",
"Multi Symptom Cold and Multi Symptom Nighttime Cold Childrens",
"AuroMucus - Fast Maximum DM MAX",
"KMart - Fast Maximum Cold and Sinus",
"Tussin Peak Cold sugar-free COUGH PLUS CHEST CONGESTION DM",
"KMart - Fast Maximum Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Medique Guaicon DMS",
"Mucus Relief Maximum Strength Severe Congestion and Cough",
"KMart - Fast Maximum DM MAX",
"Severe Cold and Mucus",
"DayTime Severe Congestion Relief and Nighttime Severe Cough and Congestion Relief Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Plus",
"Childrens Aurotussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough Maximum Strength",
"Aurotussin Peak Cold Maximum Strength Multi-Symptom Cold",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu Sore Throat",
"Sinus Relief Severe Congestion Maximum Strength",
"Mucinex DM",
"Multi Symptom Cold CF",
"Daytime Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough and Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Aurophen Cold Multi-Symptom Severe",
"Childrens Stuffy Nose and Cold",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Daytime Relief Severe Cold and Flu",
"Aurotussin Peak Cold Cough plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Childrens Aurotussin Cough and Cold CF",
"Aurophen Cold and Flu Severe",
"Multi Symptom Cold Double Max Power",
"SanaTos Mucus Relief Cold Toddlers",
"Severe Cold Daytime",
"Maximum Strength Mucinex Sinus-Max Severe Congestion and Pain",
"AuroMucus - Childrens Cough",
"Mucus DM",
"Vanacof DM",
"Tussin DM Max Adult Cough Plus Chest Congestion",
"Mucus Relief All In One Daytime Nighttime Cold Flu Maximum Strength",
"Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Adult",
"Safetussin DM",
"Nasal Decongestant PE and Pain Relief Plus Mucus Relief",
"Aurotussin Peak Cold Multi-Symptom Cold",
"Sinus Congestion PE",
"Guaifenesin and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride Extended Release",
"Handy Solutions Cold Relief",
"Virtussin Ac W/alc",
"Alka-Seltzer Plus Severe Cough Mucus and Congestion Day and Night",
"Multi Symptom Sinus Relief Pain and Congestion Daytime Nighttime",
"Alka-Seltzer Plus Severe Cough Mucus and Congestion Liquid Gels",
"Alka-Seltzer Plus Severe Sinus Cold and Cough Liquid Gels",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Childrens Mucus Relief",
"Cough Mucus Relief DM",
"Mucus Relief Cold, Flu, and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Cold and Flu Severe, Day and Nighttime",
"Mucus Relief Congestion and Cough Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Daytime Severe Cold Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Maximum Strength Mucinex Fast-Max Cold and Flu",
"Rescon GG",
"Tussin Multi Symptom Cold CF",
"Childrens Mucus Relief cough",
"Guaiasorb DM",
"Tussin CF Non Drowsy",
"Safetussin DM",
"Maximum Strength-Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Sinus Relief Daytime, Nighttime",
"Tussin DM Sugar Free",
"Tussin Cough DM Sugar Free",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Cold and Sinus Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief DM Max Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief DM Maximum Strength",
"Tussin DM Cough and Chest Congestion Non Drowsy",
"Mucus Relief DM Max Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough Maximum Strength",
"Tussin DM Sugar Free Non Drowsy",
"Guaiatussin AC Sugar Free",
"Good Sense Tussin DM",
"Topcare Day Time Nite Time Cold and Flu",
"Basic Care Daytime Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Tussin DM",
"Day Time Cold and Flu Severe",
"Daytime Nighttime Sinus Relief Maximum Strength",
"DayTime Cold and Flu Severe and NightTime Cold and Flu Severe",
"Leader Tussin",
"Xpecto soothing relief",
"Desgen DM",
"G-zyncof",
"G-tusicof",
"Tusicof",
"G-tron Pediatric Drops",
"Healthy Accents Tussin CF",
"Daytime Cold and Flu",
"Dometuss-DM",
"Mucinex Sinus-Max Day Night",
"Dometuss-dmx",
"Childrens mucus relief",
"Sound Body Cold and Flu Relief",
"Healthy Accents Tussin DM Adult Sugar Free",
"Being Well Adult Cough Relief DM",
"Cough Cold",
"Mucus Relief DM Max Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Severe Cold Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Severe Tussin CF",
"Day and Night Sinus Relief Maximum Strength",
"COLD FLU and SORE THROAT RELIEF",
"Tussin Multi Symptom Cold CF Adult",
"Mucinex D Maximum Strength",
"DayQuil Severe",
"Severe sinus Congestion Relief",
"CVS Daytime COLD and FLU RELIEF and Nighttime COLD and FLU RELIEF",
"Tussin CF Adult Multi Symptom Cold",
"Tussin DM Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Q Tussin DM",
"Mucus Relief Cough and Congestion DM",
"Tussin DM",
"Daytime Severe Cold Multi-symptom",
"Severe sinus Congestion Relief",
"Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Chest Congestion and Cough HBP",
"Handy Solutions Sinus Congestion and Pain Relief",
"COLD FLU and SORE THROAT RELIEF",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Mucinex DM",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Tussin DM Adult cough and chest congestion",
"Sever Daytime Cold and Flu and Sever Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Rexall DM Cough and Congestion Relief",
"Equate Tussin DM Max",
"Sinus Pressure and Pain Daytime Nighttime Maximum Strength",
"Equate Daytime Severe",
"Equaline tussin cough and chest congestion dm max",
"Cold and Flu Relief Severe Daytime",
"Mucus Relief Sinus",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Mucinex Fast-Max SEVERE COLD",
"Severe Cold",
"Mucus D ER",
"Fast Mucus Relief",
"Tussin DM Max",
"Severe Sinus Congestion and Pain Non-Drowsy, Daytime",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Tussin CF",
"Sinus Relief",
"Circle K Multi-Symptom Sinus Relief",
"Circle K Cold",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Mucus Relief cold and sinus",
"Good neighbor pharmacy mucus relief",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Tussin DM",
"Fast Mucus Relief",
"Fast Mucus Relief",
"DayTime NiteTime Severe",
"Childrens Mucus Relief Cough",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Severe Day Time",
"Sinus Relief",
"Sinus Relief",
"Tussin DM Adults",
"Virtussin A/C",
"Texaclear Congestion and Pain Sinus Relief",
"Primary Health - Fast Maximum Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Relief",
"Childrens Cold, Cough and Sore Throat",
"Auro Mucus - Childrens Cold, Cough and Sore Throat",
"AuroMucus - Fast Maximum Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Tussin Peak Cold Cough plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Adult Tussin DM Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Adult tussin Peak Cold Multi-Symptom Cold",
"Adult Tussin CF Multi-Symptom Cold",
"AuroQuil Severe Cold and Flu Daytime Relief",
"Fast Acting Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Relief",
"Fast Acting Cough Relief DM",
"CVS - Childrens Stuffy Nose and Cold",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Severe Cold",
"Guaifenesin and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride Extended Release",
"CVS - Childrens Mucus Relief Cough, Cold and Sore Throat",
"Topcare tussin dm sugar free cough and chest congestion",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Sinus Relief",
"Topcare Day Time Cold and Flu Severe",
"Topcare Sinus Relief",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Sinus Relief",
"Childrens Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Mucus Relief Maximum StrengthCold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Childrens Cough and Cold CF",
"good neighbor pharmacy tussin CF Max",
"Mucus Relief DM Extended Release Caplets",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Mucus Relief Severe Cold Cold and Flu Night Time",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Mucus Relief Severe Cold",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Sinus Relief Day Time Night Time",
"Topcare Mucus Relief cold and sinus",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Childrens Mucus Relief",
"Equate Adult Tussin DM Max",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Tussin Peak Cold Maximum Strength Cough plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Mucus Relief Congestion and Headache Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief DM Extended Release Caplets",
"Topcare Day Time Nite Time Cold and Flu",
"Mucus Relief Cold and Sinus Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Topcare sinus relief pressure and pain",
"Topcare Tussin DM Max",
"Daytime and Nighttime Cough Relief",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Day Time Severe",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Topco tussin cf max",
"Childrens Mucus Relief Cough Cherry",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief DM Maximum Strength",
"Tukol Cough and Congestion",
"Childrens Mucus Relief Cough Cherry",
"Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Childrens Mucus Relief Multi Symptom Cold",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Fast Maximum Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Aurotussin Maximum Strength Daytime and Nighttime Cough Relief",
"tussin severe multi symptom cough cold plus flu CF MAX",
"Cough childrens mucus relief",
"WalTussin DM Max",
"Wal Tussin DM Adult Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Tukol Max Action Cold Sore Throat and Cough",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Topcare Tussin DM Max",
"Tukol Max Action Severe Congestion and Cough",
"DayQuil Severe Cold and Flu",
"Daytime Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Mucus Relief Cold and Sinus Maximum Strength",
"Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Max",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Tukol For Diabetics",
"Day Time Cold Multi-Symptom Cool Blast",
"Topcare Tussin CF Max",
"Tussin CF Multi Symptom Cold Adult",
"Topcare Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cold",
"Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM maximum strength",
"Tussin DM",
"Tussin DM Cough and Chest Congestion Adult",
"Tussin DM Cough and Chest Congestion sugar-free ReadyInCase",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Good Sense Severe Daytime Cold and Flu",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucinex DM",
"Topcare Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Tussin Cough DM Sugar Free",
"Tussin",
"tussin cough and chest congestion DM",
"Mucus D",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain Severe Daytime,Non-Drowsy",
"Mucus DM Extended-Release",
"Mucus DM Extended Release",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Shoprite Day Calm Severe",
"DG Health Childrens Mucus Relief Cough",
"Severe Sinus",
"Cough Plus Chest Congestion Adult DM Max",
"ShopRite Adult Tussin",
"DG Health tussin cf adult cough and cold",
"DG Health Cold and Flu Relief Daytime",
"Shoprite Congestion and Pain",
"Shoprite Adult Tussin",
"DG Health Tussin",
"DG Health Mucus Relief",
"shop rite Day Severe Cold Night Cold and Flu",
"Childrens Multi-Symptom Cold and Fever Relief",
"SanaTos Childrens Mucus Relief Cough",
"Tussin DM Max",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Fast Acting Mucus Relief Maximum Strength Severe Cough and Congestion",
"Day Time Severe",
"Childrens Multi-symptom Cold",
"Mucus Relief Cold and Sinus Maximum Strength",
"Mucinex D",
"Daytime Severe",
"Tussin DM",
"CounterAct Day",
"ShopRite Day Calm Severe",
"Mucus Relief DM Max Maximum Strength Fast Acting",
"Sugar Free Cough and Chest Congestion Relief Adult",
"Leader Tussin DM",
"Mucus Relief Congestion Cough Maximum Strength Severe Congestion and Cough",
"CareOne Cold Flu and sore throat",
"Leader sinus relief",
"Good Sense Tussin CF",
"Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"CareOne Cold and Sinus",
"Daytime Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Severe Cold and Flu Relief Daytime",
"Leader Tussin DM Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Lil Drug Store Tylenol Cold plus Flu Severe",
"Good Sense Tussin DM",
"SanaTos Children Cough and Congestion Cherry",
"Leader Tussin DM",
"Good Sense Cold Head Congestion Severe",
"Leader Tussin CF",
"Careone Tussin DM",
"Lil Drug Store Tylenol Sinus Severe",
"Good Sense Childrens Mucus Relief Cough",
"CareOne Tussin DM cough plus chest congestion",
"Smart Sense Cough and Chest Congestion",
"DG Health Cold and Flu Relief",
"Mucus Relief DM Maximum Strength",
"Day Severe Cold Night Cold and Flu",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion Cough Night Time Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Dg Health Childrens Mucus Relief",
"DM Cough and Congestion Relief Adult non-Drowsy Sugar Free",
"CareOne Sinus Relief Severe",
"Leader Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"CareOne Tussin DM cough plus chest congestion",
"CareOne Cold plus Flu Severe",
"Good Sense Childrens Mucus Relief",
"Good Sense Mucus Relief cold flu and sore throat",
"Equaline tussin adult",
"Equaline Childrens Mucus Relief",
"Equaline Tussin",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough Maximum Strength",
"Smart Sense Daytime Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Good Sense Mucus Relief Cold and Sinus",
"Equaline Tussin Multi Symptom",
"Good Sense Tussin DM Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Smart Sense DayTime",
"Smart Sense Sinus Relief",
"Smart Sense daytime cold and flu",
"Smart Sense cold flu and sore throat",
"Childrens Mucus Relief Chest Congestion Plus Cough",
"Good Sense Severe Cold",
"Smart Sense Sinus Relief",
"Tussin CF",
"Vanacof DMX",
"Severe Cough and Congestion Maximum Strength",
"Good Sense Tussin DM Max",
"Smart Sense Severe Cold",
"Theraflu Cough Relief",
"Harris Teeter Tussin",
"Good Sense Tussin CF Max",
"Robafen",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Harris Teeter Tussin",
"Tussin CF Adult Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Cold and Flu",
"Harris Teeter Tussin",
"Harris Teeter Mucus Relief D",
"Acetaminophen Dextromethorphan HBr Guaifenesin Phenylephrine HCl",
"Daytime SEVERE COLD and FLU",
"Up and Up Daytime Severe Cold Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Up and Up Cough Plus Chest Congestion",
"Up and Up DM Max Cough Plus Chest Congestion",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough Maximum Strength",
"Up and Up Fast Mucus Relief Severe Cold",
"Up and Up Mucus Relief",
"Good Sense Severe Daytime Cold and Flu",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Careone Sinus Sever Congestion Relief",
"Signature Care Tussin",
"Mucus Relief DM Maximum Strength",
"H E B MAX SEVERE CONGESTION and COUGH Maxium Strength",
"Sinus Relief",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough Maximum Strength",
"Maximum Strength DM MAX",
"Careone Sinus Relief Day Time Night Time",
"Signature Care Tussin",
"CareOne sinus relief day time sinus relief night time",
"Equaline Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Adult Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Cough and Chest Congestion DM Max",
"Tussin Multi Symptom Cold CF Adult",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy tussin dm max adult",
"Equaline Mucus Relief",
"Diabetic Tussin DM Maximum Strength",
"Adult Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Sugar Free",
"Maximum Strength Mucinex Sinus-Max Pressure, Pain and Cough",
"Mucus Relief Cold and Sinus Maximum Strength",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"DayTime/NiteTime Severe Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Geri-tussin DM",
"Maximum Strength Mucinex Sinus-Max Severe Congestion and Pain Clear and Cool",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Mucus Relief Sinus Congestion Daytime Nighttime Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Cold and Flu Daytime, Nighttime, Maximum Strength",
"Smart Sense Multi Symptom Cold",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold and Flu",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Guaiasorb DM",
"Mucinex Sinus-Max Severe Congestion and Pain, Maximum Strength",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Congestion and Headache",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Clear and Cool",
"Mucus Multi Symptom Cold Relief Childrens",
"Mucus Relief DM Maximum Strength",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Maximum Strength Mucinex Fast-Max Cold and Flu",
"Mucus Relief Cough Childrens",
"Dextromethorphan HBr and Guaifenesin",
"Vicks Sinex Severe All in One Sinus Mucus",
"Acetaminophen, Guaifenesin, Dextromethorphan HBr, Phenylephrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin, Dextromethorphan Hbr",
"Day Severe Cold and Night Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Nitetime Cold and Flu",
"Severe sinus Congestion Relief",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough Maximum Strength",
"Vicks Sinex Severe Congestion",
"COLD FLU and SORE THROAT RELIEF",
"COLD FLU and SORE THROAT RELIEF",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Severe Congestion and Cough Clear and Cool",
"Daytime Mucus Relief Severe Cold/Nighttime Mucus Relief Cold and Flu",
"Maximum Strength Mucinex Fast-Max Day Time Cold and Flu and Maximum Strength Mucinex Fast-Max Night Time Cold and Flu",
"Good Sense Severe Day Time Cold and Flu",
"Health Mart daytime",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Congestion and Headache",
"Severe Cold and Flu Daytime Non Drowsy Nighttime",
"Severe Cold Multi Symptom",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief Cough Childrens",
"COLD and FLU DAYTIME MAXIMUM STRENGTH NON-DROWSY SEVERE",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Severe Cold and Flu Relief Daytime",
"Tusnel-DM Pediatric",
"Rompe Pecho CF",
"Stona Cough",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Tusnel Pediatric Drops",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Dextromethorphan Hbr, Guaifenesin",
"DayTime Maximum Strength Cold and Flu",
"Severe sinus Congestion Relief",
"COLD FLU and SORE THROAT RELIEF",
"Maximum Strength Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Tussin DM Cough and Chest Congestion",
"DayTime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Sunmark Tussin DM Max",
"CVS Daytime COLD and FLU RELIEF and Nighttime COLD and FLU RELIEF",
"Chest Congestion and Cough HBP",
"Tussin DM Cough and Chest Congestion",
"COLD FLU and SORE THROAT RELIEF",
"Lil Drug Store Cold Relief",
"Lil Drug Store Cold Relief",
"Health Mart Adult Tussin",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Severe sinus Congestion Relief",
"Mucus Relief DM Extended Release Caplets",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Alka-Seltzer Plus Maximum Strength Cough and Mucus DM",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Tussin dm",
"Sun Mark Mucus Relief Cough Childrens",
"Vicks DayQuil and Vicks NyQuil Severe Cold and Flu",
"Vicks DayQuil and Vicks NyQuil Severe Cold and Flu",
"Vicks DayQuil and Vicks NyQuil Severe Cold and Flu",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Vicks DayQuil Severe Cold and Flu",
"Vicks DayQuil Severe and Vicks NyQuil Severe Cold and Flu",
"DayQuil and Nyquil Severe plus Vicks VapoCool Cold and Flu",
"Severe sinus Congestion Relief",
"Cooling Severe Daytime Cooling Severe Nighttime",
"Health Mart mucus relief d",
"Mucus Relief DM Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Guaiatussin AC",
"Alka-Seltzer Plus Day Severe Cold Plus Flu",
"Nivanex DMX",
"Maximum strength Tussnex FM DM Max",
"Childrens Tussnex",
"Mucus Relief DM Maximum Strength",
"Maximum Strength Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Tussnex FM Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Mucinex DM",
"TRISPEC DMX Cough Suppressant Expectorant Peach Flavor",
"Codeine Guaifenesin",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Alka-Seltzer Plus Day and Night Severe Cold and Flu",
"Multi Symptom Cold",
"Multi Symptom Cold",
"Dextromethorphan HBr and Guaifenesin",
"Rabofen DM",
"Childrens Tussnex Multi-symptom cold",
"Good Sense Tussin DM",
"Tussnex FM Severe cough and congestion",
"Deconex IR",
"Cold Multi-Symptom Severe Day Time",
"Cooling Severe Daytime",
"TRISPEC PSE Cough Suppressant Expectorant Nasal Decongestant GRAPE Flavor",
"M-clear Wc",
"Tussnex FM Cold and Sinus",
"Poly-Vent DM",
"Cold and Sinus Pain Relief",
"DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE, Guaifenesin, and PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE",
"Codeine Phosphate and Guaifenesin",
"Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine Hydrochloride",
"Codeine Phosphate and Guaifenesin",
"Mucinex DM",
"Rugby Mucus Relief DM",
"Codeine Phosphate and Guaifenesin",
"Mucinex DM",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Mucus DM",
"Leader Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief Cough",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Sunmark mucus relief d",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Berro y Cebolla DM",
"Breacold Children",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Mucus DM Extended Release",
"Maximum Strength Mucus DM Extended Release",
"Mucus DM",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief DM",
"TexaClear Kids Cough and Cold",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief DM",
"Texaclear Daytime Cough Cold/flu",
"Bisolvine Aloe-Miel",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Daytime Mucus Relief Severe Cold and Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"mucus relief DM",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"SUDAFED PE Head Congestion Plus Flu Severe",
"Mucus Relief DM MAXIMUM STRENGTH",
"Sudafed PE Pressure Plus Pain Plus Cold",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief DM",
"Mucus Relief DM MAXIMUM STRENGTH",
"SUDAFED PE Pressure PLUS Pain PLUS Mucus",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Maximum Strength Mucus-DM",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Mucus Relief DM Expectorant and Cough Suppressant",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Mucus Relief DM Expectorant and Cough Suppressant Maximum Strength",
"Tukol Max Action DM Max",
"Harris Teeter Sinus Relief",
"Leader Childrens Mucus and Cough Relief",
"Multi-Symptom Sinus Severe Congestion",
"Cold Relief Severe, Multi-symptom",
"Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Severe",
"Mucus Relief DM MAX",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough Cooling Menthol",
"Diabetic Tussin DM Maximum Strength",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Diabetic Tussin DM",
"Coricidin HBP Chest Congestion And Cough",
"Resfridol Antitussive",
"Tussin DM cough and chest congestion",
"Sunmark Tussin CF",
"Sun Mark Tussin DM cough and chest congestion",
"Cold and Head Congestion Relief Severe",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Day Cold and Flu Night Cold and Flu",
"Severe Cold and Flu Relief Daytime",
"Topcare Day Time Cold and Flu",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Mucus Relief ER DM Extended Release",
"Akin DM",
"Severe Cold and Flu Daytime Non Drowsy Nighttime",
"Codeine-Guaifenesin",
"Mucus Relief DM Cough",
"Cooling Severe Daytime",
"Core Values Tussin CF",
"Codeine-Guaifenesin",
"Sunmark Cold and Flu Severe",
"Core Values Tussin DM",
"Rompe Pecho DM",
"Cold and Flu Relief Severe",
"Rompe Pecho Max Multi Symptoms",
"Mucinex Fast-Max DM Max",
"Maximum Strength Mucinex Sinus-Max Severe Congestion and Pain",
"Sunmark Tussin DM Sugar Free",
"Cold and Flu Daytime Severe, Nighttime Severe",
"Mucus D",
"Cooling Severe Daytime Cooling Severe Nighttime",
"Bisolvine Children",
"Defensolito Children Syrup",
"Equaline Mucus DM",
"Mucus Relief DMImmediate Release Immediate Release",
"Siltussin DM DAS Cough Formula",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Severe Cold Daytime",
"Basic Care Daytime Cold and Flu",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCL",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCL",
"COLD and FLU",
"Wal Tussin DM Max",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Aquanaz",
"Capmist DM",
"Equaline Mucus DM",
"COLD and FLU",
"Daytime Severe Cold And Flu Relief Maximum strength",
"Giltuss Total Release",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Severe Congestion and Cold Relief Maximum Strength, Multi Symptom",
"DAYTIME and Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Mucus Relief Sinus",
"Severe Sinus Daytime, Non-Drowsy",
"Mucus Relief PE Sinus Congestion",
"Vicks Jarabe Cough Congestion",
"Robafen",
"Tussin",
"Deconex Dmx",
"DAYTIME and Nighttime Sinus Relief",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Cold and Flu DayTime, NightTime Severe",
"Daytime Severe",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief Softgels",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Childrens Delsym Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM and Delsym Cough Plus Cold Night Time",
"Winco Foods Childrens Multi Symptom Cold",
"CVS Mucus Relief DM Maximum Strength",
"Maximum Strength Severe Congestion Relief",
"CVS Maximum Strength Severe Congestion and Cough",
"CVS Maximum Strength Severe Congestion and Cough Overnight Cold and Flu Clear and cool",
"Severe Cold and Flu Daytime Non Drowsy Nighttime",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain",
"Cold and Sinus Maximum Strength",
"Severe Cold Maximum Strength, Multi-Symptom",
"Sinus Severe Daytime",
"Daytime Mucus Relief Severe Cold and Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Medique CCP Caffeine Free",
"Sinus Pressure and Pain and Cough",
"Tylenol Sinus Severe",
"Sinus Relief Pressure and Pain",
"Target Cough plus Chest Congestion DM Max with Honey",
"Severe Congestion Relief Maximum Strength Sinus",
"TYLENOL Cold Plus Flu Severe",
"Tylenol Cold Plus Head Congestion Severe",
"Mucus Relief D Sinus Congestion",
"Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Severe Day/night",
"Basic Care Daytime Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Tussin CF Non Drowsy",
"Daytime Nightime Severe Cold",
"Cold, Flu, and Sore Throat",
"Daytime Cold and Flu Relief",
"Vicks Severe Cold and Flu",
"Walgreens DAY and NIGHT PACK",
"Fast Mucus Relief",
"Vicks DayQuil NyQuil Severe Cold and Flu combo",
"Head and Cold",
"Cold, Flu, and Sore Throat",
"Mucus Relief Severe Sinus Congestion Maximum Strength",
"Severe Sinus Congestion and Pain Maximum Strength",
"Sinus Relief Maximum Strength",
"Bronchial Asthma Relief",
"Mucinex D",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat Max Maximum Strength",
"Sinus Relief Severe Congestion Maximum Strength",
"Multi-Symptom Cold Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Relief Maximum Strength, Multi Symptom",
"Fast Mucus Relief",
"Cold and Flu Daytime Severe",
"Meijer Mucus Relief DM Maximum Strength",
"Health Mart Adult Tussin",
"Aquanaz PSE",
"Cold and Flu Multi-Symptom Daytime/Nighttime Severe",
"Meijer Maximum Strength Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Sinus Severe",
"severe sinus congestion relief Maximum Strength",
"Childrens Robitussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Health Mart Adult Tussin",
"Basic Care Daytime Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Cold and Flu Daytime Severe",
"Pressure plus Pain plus Mucus Non-Drowsy",
"Cold Childrens, Multi Symptom",
"Severe Cold and Flu Daytime/nighttime",
"Health Mart Adult Tussin",
"Cough Be Gone",
"Mucus Relief DM Maximum Strength",
"Cold and Flu Severe Day Time / Night Time",
"Adult Cough and Chest Congestion Relief DM Non Drowsy",
"Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength, Multi-Symptom",
"Cold Flu and Sore Throat Relief Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief DM and Overnight Cold and Flu",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Daytime-nighttime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Alka-Seltzer Plus Maximum Strength Cough, Mucus and Congestion Powermax",
"Alka-Seltzer Plus Maximum Strength Cough, Mucus and Congestion Day and Night",
"Mucinex Sinus-Max Pressure, Pain and Cough",
"Mucinex Fast-Max DM Max Honey and Berry Flavor",
"Cough Be Gone",
"Alka-Seltzer Plus Cough, Mucus and Congestion Day and Night Powermax",
"Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Target Maximum Strength Cold Flu and Sore Throat Overnight Cold and Flu",
"CVS Severe Congestion and Pain Relief",
"Target Maximum Strength Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough Multi Symptom Relief",
"Maximum Strength Mucinex Fast-Max Cold and Flu",
"Cold and Flu Daytime-nighttime",
"Cold Flu Severe",
"Cold Flu Severe",
"Mucinex Childrens FreeFrom Multi-Symptom Cold and Stuffy Nose",
"Mucinex Childrens FreeFrom Multi-Symptom Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain Severe",
"Mucinex Childrens FreeFrom Cough and Mucus",
"Mucinex FreeFrom Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Cetafen Cough and Cold",
"Maximum Strength Cold and Flu",
"Mucinex FreeFrom Cold and Flu Daytime",
"Mucinex FreeFrom Cold, Flu and Congestion",
"Mucus Relief Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"pressure and pain sinus relief PE NON-DROWSY",
"Sinus PE Pressure, Pain and Mucus",
"Severe Congestion and Cough Relief Maximum Strength",
"Tussin DM Max",
"CVS Mucus Relief DM and Overnight Cold and Flu",
"Green Guard Cough and Cold Relief",
"Cold and Flu Relief Non-Drowsy / Daytime Severe / Nighttime Severe",
"Mediqe Medi-Mucus",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain Severe",
"Multi-Symptom Cold",
"Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Guaiatussin AC Sugar Free",
"Codeine-Guaifenesin",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Medique Decorel Forte Plus",
"Medi-First Cold Relief",
"Medi-First Plus Cold Relief",
"Severe Sinus Pain and Congestion Daytime",
"Mucus Relief PE",
"Severe Cough and Congestion and Cold and Flu Daytime, Nighttime",
"severe cold, cold and flu Daytime/Nighttime",
"Codeine Phosphate and Guaifenesin",
"Crane Safety Cold Relief",
"Mucus Relief, Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength, Multi-Symptom",
"Moore Medical MooreBrand Severe Cold Relief",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Day Time Severe Congestion and Cough - Mucinex Fast-Max Night Time Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Mucinex Sinus-Max Day Night",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain Non Drowsy",
"Robitussin Sugar-Free Dye-Free Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Severe Congestion and Cough Multi-Symptom Maximum Strength",
"Rugby Cough",
"Mucus Relief",
"Daytime Cold Relief Multi Symptom",
"Good Sense Sinus Relief",
"DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE, GUAIFENESIN, and PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE",
"Mucus DM Max",
"Mucus DM Extended Release",
"Severe Cold Head Congestion",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain Relief",
"Smart Sense Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Adult Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Healthy Accents Tussin DM cough and chest congestion",
"ColdaeWon Cold A Syrup",
"Leader Childrens Mucus Relief Cough",
"Harmon Face Values Tussin DM Adult",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Robitussin Peak Cold Maximum Strength Multi-symptom Cold",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Day Time Cold Head Congestion Severe",
"Leader Mucus DM",
"Childrens mucus relief multi-symptom cold",
"Robitussin To Go Cough and Cold CF",
"Members Mark mucus relief DM",
"CareOne Adult Tussin CF",
"Giltuss Pediatric",
"Smart Sense Mucus Relief Cough Childrens",
"Wal Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine Hydrochloride",
"Berkley Jensen Tussin",
"Biobron SF",
"Equaline Mucus DM",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Mucinex DM",
"ColdaeWon Cough A Syrup",
"Day and Night Cold",
"CareOne Mucus Relief DM",
"Despec-DM Tabs",
"Leader Tussin",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Allfen DM",
"Preferred Plus Severe Cold",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Cold Pain Relief",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Wal Tussin DM Max Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Diabetic Siltussin DM DAS-Na",
"ShopRite Adult Tussin",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Severe Congestion and Cough",
"DayClear SINUS PAIN AND PRESSURE",
"DayClear COUGH COLD AND FLU",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Preferred Plus Severe Day Time",
"Wal Tussin Adult Cough and Cold",
"Lortuss EX",
"Entre-Cough",
"healthy accents mucus relief D",
"Zyncof",
"Harris Teeter Mucus Relief DM",
"TopCare Mucus Relief and Cold and Flu",
"Deconex DMX",
"Maxiphen DM",
"Daytime Mucus Relief Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Tussi Pres",
"Mucus DM",
"Leader Tussin CF Max",
"Mucinex DM Maximum Strength",
"Desgen DM",
"CareOne Mucus Relief Cold and Sinus",
"Leader TabTussin DM TDM",
"Healthy Accents Mucus Relief DM",
"Triaminic Cough and Congestion",
"Preferred Plus Childrens Mucus Relief Multi Symptom Cold",
"Guaifenesin and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride Extended Release",
"Maxiphen",
"Mucus Relief D Immediate Release",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain Severe",
"Leader Mucus Relief Cold and Sinus",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief Maximum Strength",
"Daytime Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Cheratussin AC",
"Giltuss",
"Virtussin A/C",
"Cheratussin AC",
"Robitussin To Go Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Healthy Accents Tussin DM",
"RelCof-C",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Mucus D",
"CareOne Adult Tussin DM sugar free",
"Duravent PE",
"Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine Hydrochloride",
"Tussin DM",
"mucus relief DM",
"Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine Hydrochloride",
"Robitussin Peak Cold Maximum Strength Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold and Sinus",
"Rabofen DM",
"Signature Care Mucus Relief DM",
"Smart Sense Cough and chest congestion",
"Preferred Plus Intense Cough Reliever",
"Good Neighbor Pharmacy Mucus DM",
"Cold and Cough",
"Up and Up Mucus Relief DM",
"Tussin DM",
"Hydrocodone Bitartrate and Guaifenesin",
"Leader Sinus Relief",
"Topcare Sinus Relief Day Time Night Time",
"Careone Daytime Severe Cold Flu Relief",
"DG Health Mucus DM",
"Tussin CF Adult Cough and Cold",
"Preferred Plus Chest Congestion Relief PE",
"Severe Cold and Flu",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"CareOne Adult Tussin DM",
"Topcare Cold",
"Leader Sinus Relief",
"Tussin Multi Symptom",
"Capmist DM",
"Leader Day Time",
"Berkley and Jensen Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Severe Cold and Flu Nighttime Daytime",
"G Tron",
"Harmon Face Values Tussin CF",
"Non Drowsy Cold and Cough PE",
"Duravent DM",
"Equate Mucus DM",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"CareOne Day Time Severe Cold Night Time Cold and Flu",
"Mucus Relief DM Max",
"Sinus Congestion and Pain Daytime Non-Drowsy Severe",
"Good Sense Adult Tussin DM",
"Childrens Mucus Relief",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Adult Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"TopCare Mucus DM",
"Cheratussin AC",
"Guaifenesin Phenylephrine Dextromethorphan",
"Good Sense Tussin CF Cough and Cold",
"Wal Tussin",
"Mucus DM Max",
"Pecgen DMX",
"Duraflu",
"Mucinex Childrens Cough and Congestion",
"Poly-Vent IR",
"Mucus Relief DM Maximum Strength",
"Maximum Strength Mucus Relief DM",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Maximum Strength Mucinex Fast-Max Day Time Cold and Flu and Night Time Cold and Flu",
"Giltuss Honey Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Mucinex Childrens FreeFrom Multi-Symptom Cold, Flu and Sore Throat and Mucinex Childrens FreeFrom Multi-Symptom Cold and Flu Nighttime",
"Childrens Giltuss Honey Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Mucus D",
"Defensol Adult Syrup",
"Robitussin CF",
"Breacold Adult",
"Mucinex FreeFrom Cold and Flu Daytime and Mucinex FreeFrom Cold and Flu Nighttime",
"Kids Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Mucus D",
"Coricidin HBP Maximum Strength Cold, Cough and Flu",
"Coricidin HBP Maximum Strength Cold and Flu Day and Night",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"COLD and FLU DAYTIME MAXIMUM STRENGTH NON-DROWSY SEVERE",
"Maximum Strength Daytime - Nighttime Cold and Flu Cold and Flu",
"Tukol Cough and Congestion",
"Robafen",
"Codeine-Guaifenesin",
"Dg Health Day Time Severe Cold and Flu",
"Signature Care Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Mucus Relief DM Maximum Strength",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Maximum Strength Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Mucinex Childrens FreeFrom Multi-Symptom Cold, Flu and Sore Throat and Mucinex Childrens FreeFrom Multi-Symptom Cold and Flu Nighttime",
"Equate Vapor Ice Cold and Flu",
"Maxi-Tuss PE Max",
"Maxi-Tuss PE Jr",
"Maxi-Tuss G",
"Maxi-Tuss AC",
"Maxi-Tuss GMX",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Severe Vapor Ice Cold and Flu Relief",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Equate Daytime Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Mucus Relief DM Maximum Strength",
"Bisolvine Adult",
"Cough and Chest Congestion DM Adult",
"Equate daytime severe vaporice cold and flu nighttime severe vapor ice cold and flu",
"Day-night Severe Cold and Flu",
"Mucinex Sinus-Max Pressure, Pain and Cough and Mucinex Sinus-Max Severe Congestion Relief Clear and Cool",
"Fast Dissolving Daytime - Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Head Congestion",
"Maximum Strength Cold and Flu",
"Equate Childrens Multi Symptom Cold",
"Rugby Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"Leader Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"Tukol Honey Children Cough and Congestion",
"Acetaflu Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Maximum Strength Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Kroger Maximum Strength Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Rugby Chest Congestion Relief PE",
"Sinus Severe",
"SEVERE COLD DAY COLD and FLU NIGHT",
"Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Cold Plus Head Congestion Severe",
"Mucus Relief Sinus Pressure Pain and Cough",
"Daytime Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"COLD and FLU SEVERE",
"Pressure and Pain and Cold",
"Mucus Relief Severe Cold",
"Mucus Relief Cold and Flu All In One",
"Cold Max Multi Symptom Severe",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Sinus Relief Day Night",
"Mucus Relief Sinus Severe Congestion and Pain",
"Mucus Relief Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Congestion and Headache",
"Cold and Flu All In One",
"Sinus Sevre",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Cold and Flu Severe Daytime",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Mucus Relief Sinus Severe Congestion Relief",
"Cold and Head Congestion Severe",
"Congestion and Headache",
"Novalgina Children Cough and Cold",
"Cold and Flu Severe",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Tussin CF",
"Equate Mucus D",
"Berkley and Jensen Mucus Relief DM",
"Good Sense Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Maximum Strength Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"Basic Care Daytime",
"Guaifenesin Syrup and Dextromethorphan",
"Guaifenesin Syrup and Dextromethorphan",
"Tussin Cough Expectorant Cough Supressant DM",
"Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Multi-Symptom",
"Severe Cold and Flu Relief Daytime",
"Day and Night Sinus",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Severe Cough and Congestion",
"Wal-Tussin DM",
"Mucus Relief cold and flu Daytime/Nighttime",
"Mucus Relief Cold and Flu All in One",
"Mucus Relief Sinus Pressure Pain and Cough",
"Mucus Relief Cold and Flu all in one",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Mucus Relief Cold and Flu",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"SanaTos Boost",
"Mucus Relief Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"ACETAMINOPHEN, DEXTROMETHORPHAN HBr, GUAILFENESIN,PHENLYEPHRINE HCL",
"Vapor Chill Cold and Flu Daytime/nighttime",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Histenol Forte II",
"Cough Syrup DM",
"Basic Care Tussin DM Max",
"Basic Care Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Maximum Strength Chest Congestion and Cough",
"Sinus Relief Severe Congestion and Pain",
"Medique at Home Cold Relief",
"Ed Bron Gp",
"SanaTos Multi Symptom",
"Green Tussin Pediatric",
"Mucus Relief DM Honey and Berry Flavor",
"Daytime Cold and Flu Relief",
"Basic Care Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Good Sense Severe Daytime Cold and Flu Severe Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Walgreen Day Time NightTime Cold and Flu Relief",
"Walgreen DayTime Cold and Flu Relief",
"Mucus Relief Sinus",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"CVS Maximum Strength Cold and Flu Relief",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Unishield Cold Relief",
"Acetaminophen, Guaifenesin, Dextromethorphan HBr, Phenylephrine HCl",
"Virtussin AC",
"Virtussin AC",
"Virtussin AC",
"Walgreen Day Time Nighttime Cold and Flu Relief Honey Flavor",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Mucus Relief Sinus Pressure Pain and Cough",
"Mucus Relief Cold and Flu All in One",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Mucus Relief Sinus Severe Congestion and Pain",
"Mucus Relief Cold and Flu All in One",
"Head Congestion and Mucus",
"Kroger Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"Basic Care Tussin CF Severe",
"Reeses TABtussin DM",
"Head Congestion and Mucus",
"Sinus Severe",
"Severe Congestion and Cough Relief",
"Xpect Cold Relief",
"Xpect Cough Relief",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Basic Care Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Wal-Phed HEAD CONGESTION AND MUCUS PE",
"Refenesen Mucus Relief DM",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Sinus Pressure Pain and Cough",
"Mucus Relief Cough Childrens",
"Daytime Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Severe Cold and Flu Relief Daytime",
"Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Mucus Relief Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Head Congestion plus Flu Severe PE",
"Mucus Relief Cold and Flu",
"L-Oral COUGH RELIEF Syrup",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Cold and Flu Severe Daytime/Nighttime",
"Cold and Flu Severe Daytime",
"Sinus Max Relief Day and Night",
"Head Congestion and Flu Severe Relief",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"TopCare Tab Tussin DM",
"Mucus Relief Xpect",
"Mucus Relief Xpect",
"Mucus Relief Xpect",
"Head Congestion and Flu Severe",
"Aspire Daytime Mucus and Sinus Softgel",
"Maximum Strength Daytime Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Maximum Strength Daytime Nighttime Sinus Relief",
"Sinus Relief Daytime Nighttime",
"Aramark Multi-Symptom Cold Relief",
"Baczol Expectorant",
"Multi-Symptom Cold and Fever Childrens",
"Vicks Formula 44 Cough and Congestion Severe Daytime and Nighttime",
"Vicks DayQuil Cough DM plus Congestion",
"Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM adult",
"Vicks Formula 44 VapoCool Sever Cough and Congestion",
"Robitussin Elderberry Maximum Strength Cough plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Codeine Guaifenesin",
"Childrens Robitussin Elderberry Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Childrens Mucus Relief Cough, Cold and Sore Throat",
"Childrens Cough and Cold CF",
"Basic Care Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Mucus Relief DM Maximum Strength",
"Dg Health Day Time Severe Cold and Flu Relief Night Time Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough Maximum Strength",
"Non-Drowsy Daytime Severe Sinus Congestion and Pain",
"CVS Health Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"CVS Daytime and Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu Relief Bundle",
"Mucus Relief DM Max Maximum Strength",
"Non-Drowsy Daytime Severe Cold Multi-Symptom",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Severe Congestion and Cough Arctic Burst Maximum Strength",
"Cold and Flu Severe, Daytime, Nighttime",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Day Severe Congestion and Cough and Mucinex Nightshift Night Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Mucinex Sinus-Max Day Pressure, Pain and Cough and Mucinex Nightshift Night Sinus Maximum Strength",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Day Cold and Flu and Mucinex Nightshift Night Severe Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold and Flu Arctic Burst Maximum Strength",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Vicks DayQuil Kids Cold Cough plus Mucus",
"Codeine-Guaifenesin",
"Maximum Strength Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Maximum Strength Cold and Flu",
"Equate Mucus Relief DM",
"Tussin",
"Cold and Flu Severe, Day, Night",
"Guaifenesin D",
"DoloMax Cold Cough",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Sound Body Daytime Cold and Flu Relief Nighttime Cold and Flu Relief",
"Basic Care Childrens Mucus Relief",
"Signature Care Childrens Multi Symptom Cold",
"Basic Care Mucus DM",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Maximum Strength",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Mucinex Sinus-Max Pressure, Pain and Cough Maximum Strength",
"Caring Mill Adult Tussin",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Basic Care Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Tukol Max Action Sinus Liquid",
"DrKids Childrens Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Basic Care Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Care One Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Basic Care Tussin DM",
"Basic Care Childrens Mucus Relief",
"Exactuss Total Release",
"GNP Mucus Relief PE",
"Mucus Relief Cough and Congestion DM",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"COLD, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Maximum Strength Cold and Flu",
"Daytime and Nighttime Sinus Relief",
"Severe Congestion Relief",
"Guaifenesin D",
"Daytime and Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"DAYTIME and NIGHTTIME SEVERE COLD AND FLU DAYTIME NON DROWSY NIGHTTIME",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"SEVERE DAYTIME COLD and FLU DAYTIME MAXIMUM STRENGTH NON-DROWSY SEVERE",
"SEVERE COLD AND FLU DAYTIME NON DROWSY and NIGHTTIME",
"SEVERE COLD AND FLU DAYTIME NON DROWSY and NIGHTTIME",
"Guaifenesin D",
"Mucus Relief All in One Maximum Strength",
"Severe DayTime NightTime Cold and Flu Relief Max Strength",
"Cold and Flu maximum strength",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough Maximum Strength",
"MMM - Cough Formula Guaifenesin DM",
"Daytime Cold and Flu Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"Codeine-Guaifenesin",
"Dometuss-G",
"Basic Care Mucus DM",
"Caring Mill Childrens Mucus Relief",
"Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Severe",
"Guaifenesin D",
"Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Severe Day and Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Plus Cough Night 2-pack",
"Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Severe Day and Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Plus Cough Night 3-Pack",
"Tylenol Cold plus Flu Severe and Tylenol Cold Max",
"TYLENOL Cold Plus Flu Severe and TYLENOL COLD MAX CoPack",
"Sinus PE Head Congestion and Flu Severe",
"Guaifenesin DM",
"Vapor Ice Daytime and Nitetime Cold and Flu",
"Daytime Nighttime Cold and Flu",
"Pressure and Pain Plus Mucus PE",
"Mucus Relief Sinus Severe Congestion Relief",
"Sinus Relief Pressure, Pain and Cough",
"Mucus Relief Cold Flu and Sore Throat",
"Coricidin HBP Maximum Strength Cold, Cough and Flu",
"Mucus Relief Cold and Flu All in One",
"Cold and Flu",
"Pressure and Pain Plus Cold PE",
"Betr Cold and Flu Daytime Relief",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Benylin Cough Plus Cold Relief",
"Benylin Regular Strength Cough Plus Chest Congestion Relief",
"Robitussin Cough Control",
"Robitussin Ac",
"Expectorant DM Cough Syrup",
"Robitussin Cough and Cold",
"Robitussin Extra Strength Cough Control",
"Robitussin Extra Strength Cough & Cold",
"Calmylin Ace",
"Calmylin Pse With Codeine",
"Balminil DM + Expectorant",
"Benylin Extra Strength All-IN-one Cold, Flu & Cough",
"Choledyl Expectorant",
"Balminil DM + Decongestant + Expectorant Extra Strength",
"Balminil DM + Expectorant Extra Strength",
"Balminil DM + Decongestant + Expectorant",
"DM-decongestant-expectorant (extra Strength) Syrup",
"DM-decongestant-expectorant Syrup",
"DM-expectorant Syrup",
"DM Expectorant (extra Strength) Syrup",
"Dimetane Expectorant C",
"Benylin Extra Strength All-IN-one Cough, Cold & Flu",
"Entex LA",
"Benylin Extra Strength All-IN-one Cough, Cold & Flu Night",
"Cough and Chest Congestion Syrup",
"Benylin Extra Strength Cough Complete",
"Benylin Extra Strength Cough & Chest Congestion",
"Benylin Extra Strength Chest Congestion & Cold",
"DM + Expectorant Syrup",
"DM + Expectorant Extra Strength Syrup",
"Histenol II",
"Total Cold and Flu Extra Strength",
"Benylin Extra Strength Mucus & Phlegm Plus Cough Control",
"Benylin Extra Strength All-IN-one Cough, Cold & Flu With Warming Sensation",
"Buckley's Complete + Mucus Relief",
"Benylin All-IN-one Cold, Flu & Cough Liquid Gels",
"Benylin Extra Strength Mucus & Phlegm Plus Cold Relief",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Complete Cold, Cough & Flu",
"Buckley's Complete Plus Extra Strength Mucus Relief",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Complete Cold, Cough & Flu Plus Mucus Relief Nighttime",
"Benylin Extra Strength Mucus & Phlegm Plus Cold Relief Night",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Complete Cold, Cough & Flu Daytime",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Complete Cold, Cough & Flu Plus Mucus Relief",
"Benylin Extra Strength Mucus & Phlegm Plus Cold Relief",
"Mucus & Phlegm Relief With Cough Control Extra Strength",
"Cough & Cold Relief",
"Cough & Cold Relief Extra Strength",
"Cough & Chest Congestion Extra Strength",
"Cough & Chest Congestion",
"Vicks Dayquil Complete Cold & Flu Caplets",
"Vicks Dayquil Complete Cold & Flu Liquid",
"I.D.M. Solution",
"Benylin Codeine 3.3mg De Syr",
"Calmylin #3 Syr",
"DM Expectorant Cough Syrup",
"Calmylin Cough and Flu Liq",
"Dimetane Expectorant-C Syr",
"Dimetane Expectorant-DC Syr",
"Robitussin Syrup With Codeine",
"Dayquil Liquicaps",
"Entex LA Tablets Srt",
"Triaminic Expectorant Dh Syrup",
"Dimetane Expectorant Liq",
"Cough Syrup DM Decongestant Expectorant",
"Cough Syrup DM Decongestant Expectorant",
"Cough Syrup DM Expectorant",
"Triaminic DM Daytime Syr",
"Ornade Expectorant Cough Formula",
"Cough Syrup DM Expectorant",
"Novahistex Dh Expectorant",
"Novahistex DM Expectorant With Decongestant",
"Novahistex Expectorant With Decongestant",
"Robitussin Cough and Cold Liqui-gels",
"Centracol Pediatrique - Syr",
"Novahistine DM Expectorant With Decongestant",
"DM Plus Decongestant Plus Expector.ex.st.syr",
"DM Plus Decongestant Plus Expectorant Cough Syrup",
"DM Plus Expectorant Syrup",
"Cough Syrup DM-E",
"Cough Syrup DM-D-E",
"Sudafed Cold and Flu Gel Caps",
"Cough and Flu Syrup",
"Triaminic Expectorant Syr",
"Triaminic DM Expectorant Syr",
"Robitussin Cough, Cold & Flu Liqui-gels",
"Triaminic Decongest+expect Liqui-gels Cap",
"Cough Syrup DM-expectorant",
"Cough Syrup DM Decongestant Expectorant",
"Benylin 4 Flu - Syrup",
"Daytime Cold & Flu Liquid Capsules",
"Syrup DM-E",
"I D M Expectorant Tab",
"Syrup DM-D-E",
"Neo Tuss Syr",
"Daytime Liquid - Liq",
"Dymetadrine 25 - Tab",
"Cough Syrup DM Decongestant Expectorant",
"Creo Grippe Sup Adultes",
"Vicks Cough Syrup New Improved",
"Jack & Jill Cough Syrup",
"Creo Grippe Enfants Sup",
"Balminil DM-D-E - Liq",
"Koffex DM-D-E - Liq",
"Koffex DM + Expectorant",
"Tussin Cough Medicine DM Antitussive Expectorant Decongestant",
"DM-D-expectorant Cough and Cold Syrup",
"Entex LA",
"Bronchodex Pediatrique",
"Non Drowsy Regular Strength Contac Cold Chest Congestion",
"Koffex DM + Expectorant Extra Strength",
"Koffex DM + Decongestant + Expectorant",
"Koffex DM + Decongestant + Expectorant Extra Strength",
"Pharmitussin DM",
"Regular Strength Tylenol Cold Chest Congestion",
"Dimetapp Cough & Congestion Liquid",
"Total Cold and Flu",
"Benylin 2 Cold and Flu With Codeine",
"Coricidin II Chest Congestion and Cough",
"Contac Cough & Cold Syrup",
"Contac Complete Cough, Cold & Flu Syrup",
"Zicam Multi-symptom Cold & Flu Daytime",
"Coactifed",
"Pulmorex Expectorant Liq",
"Nezger Tab",
"DM Cough Syrup Antitussive and Expectorant",
"Cold and Sinus Relief",
"Cold & Flu",
"Expectorant-decongestant Syrup",
"Sirop DM Expectorant",
"Benylin Extra Strength With Menthactin",
"Cold and Flu-IN-one Regular Strength",
"Cough Syrup DM-decongestant Expectorant",
"Cough Syrup DM-decongestant-expectorant Extra Strength",
"Sudafed PE Total",
"Complete One Cold and Flu Extra Strength",
"Complete One Cold and Flu Extra Strength Tablets",
"Cough Syrup DM Decongestant and Expectorant With Acetaminophen",
"Cough Syrup DM Decongestant and Expectorant With Acetaminophen Extra Strength",
"Complete One Cold and Flu Nightime Extra Strength Liquid",
"Cold and Flu Extra Strength Day",
"Cold Chest Congestion PE Regular Strength",
"Cough Syrup With Codeine",
"Expectorant DM Cough Extra Strength",
"Expectorant DM Cough Extra Strength With Decongestant",
"Mucinex Sinus-action Complete Congestion and Sinus Pain",
"Mucinex Multi-action Congestion, Stuffy Nose & Cough Liquid",
"Mucinex Multi-action Wet & Dry Cough Liquid",
"Mucinex Multi-action Congestion, Cold & Cough Solution",
"Mucinex Multi-action Cold & Sinus Liquid",
"Mucinex Multi-action Congestion, Cold & Cough",
"Mucinex Multi-action Congestion, Cold & Flu",
"Mucinex Multi-action Congestion & Cold Caplets",
"Cough Control Extra Strength",
"Ratio-theo-bronc",
"Balminil Cough and Flu",
"Balminil Codeine + Decongestant + Expectorant",
"Cough Control",
"Benylin DM-D-E-A Cold and Sinus Liquid Gels",
"Extra Strength Tylenol Congested Cough Caplets",
"Sudafed Total Cold and Flu Rapid Release",
"Benylin DM-D-E Extra Strength With Menthactin",
"Benylin Extra Strength All-IN-one Cold and Flu",
"Benylin Extra Strength All-IN-one Cold and Flu Nightime",
"Benylin DM-D-E",
"Benylin 1 Nightime With Menthactin",
"Benylin 1 With Menthactin",
"Benylin DM-D-E With Menthactin",
"Benylin All-IN-one Cold and Flu PE Caplets",
"Sudafed PE Cold and Flu Caplets",
"Benylin Cough and Congestion",
"Benylin Cough and Cold",
"Tylenol Sinus Plus Mucous Relief",
"Dimetane Expectorant Dc",
"Cough Plus Cold Relief Syrup",
"Mucinex Sinus-action Pressure, Pain & Congestion",
"Viva Cold & Flu All In One Relief Caplets",
"Benylin Cough & Congestion Extra Strength",
"Ultra Strength Neocitran Flu Day With Mucus Relief",
"Triaminic Chest and Nasal Congestion",
"Extra Strength Neocitran Cold Syrup With Mucus Relief",
"Babys Own Cough Syr",
"Broncho Tuss Infant",
"Broncho Tuss Adult",
"Ephedrine V With Guaifenesin",
"Buckley's Complete Plus Mucous Relief",
"Robitussin Sugar Free Cough Control",
"Tylenol Complete Cold, Cough & Flu Plus Mucus Relief",
"Cheracol Cough Syrup",
"Calmylin Codeine D-E Syr",
"Cough Syr W.cod. Pseudoephed.hcl Guaifenesin",
"Total Cold & Flu",
"Extra Strength Cough Plus Cold Relief Syrup",
"Extra Strength Mucous Relief Cough",
"Flu, Cough & Cold Complete Day and Night",
"Cold & Flu-IN-one",
"Vasofrinic Plus Sirop",
"Daytime Complete",
"Daytime Cold Medication Liquid Fastgels",
"Complete Daytime Liquid Capsules",
"Cough Syrup DM Expectorant Extra Strength",
"Cough Syrup DM-D-E With Acetaminophen",
"Cough Syrup DM-D-E With Acetaminophen Extra Strength",
"Madame Pearl's Cough Syrup",
"Pulmorphan",
"Cold and Flu Capsules",
"Vicks Dayquil Cough Cough & Congestion",
"Counteract Cough Medicine - Liq",
"Guaitussin DM Syrup",
"Madame Pearl's Cough Syrup",
"Vicks Pediatric Formula 44e Liq",
"Vicks Custom Care Chest Congestion/cough",
"Contac Cold Chest Congestion",
"Cold Medication Daytime Relief",
"Sinus Medication",
"Benylin Extra Strength for People With Diabetes",
"Cough & Cold Soft Gel Caps",
"Daytime Cough. Cold. Flu Gel Capsules",
"Prime's Sore Throat, Cough and Colds Capsules",
"Guaitussin DM Cough Formula Syr",
"Cough Syrup DM - Decongestant - Expectorant",
"Cough Syrup DM Expectorant",
"Cough Syrup DM - Decongestant - Expectorant Extra Strength",
"Cough Syrup With Codeine",
"Benylin Extra Strength Cough & Chest Congestion With Warming Sensation",
"Cough Syrup With Codeine",
"Benylin Extra Strength Mucus & Phlegm",
"Buckley's Mucus & Phlegm",
"Complete Liquid Capsules",
"Buckley's Complete Relief + Mucus",
"Cough and Chest Congestion Syrup Extra Strength",
"Cold and Flu-IN-one Extra Strength",
"Cold & Sinus Liquid Fastgels",
"Cold and Sinus Complete Liquid Gels",
"Total Cold and Flu",
"Buckley's Chest Congestion",
"Cold and Flu Nighttime Relief Syrup Extra Strength",
"Teva-cotridin Expectorant",
"Flu, Cough & Cold Complete",
"Total Cold & Flu Combo",
"Daytime Relief Complete",
"Benylin Extra Strength Sore Throat & Cough",
"Dayquil Complete + Vicks Vapocool",
"Dayquil Complete + Vicks Vapocool Cold & Flu Liquid",
"Sinex Congestion & Headache",
"Vicks Dayquil Complete Cold & Flu Liquicaps",
"Robitussin Extra Strength Honey Cough & Congestion",
"Robitussin Honey Children's Cough & Congestion",
"Daytime Relief Complete Liquid Gels",
"Buckley's Complete 24 Hour Pack",
"Daytime Cough Cold & Flu Liquid Gels",
"Mucus Relief With Dextromethorphan",
"Dayquil Complete",
"Coricidin Cold & Flu Liquid Gels",
"Dayquil Cough DM + Congestion",
"Tussin cough and chest congestion",
"Jamo",
"Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM adult",
"Mucus Relief Sinus Severe Congestion Relief",
"Pressure Pain and Cold Suphedrine PE",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Sinus Severe",
"Caring Mill Mucus DM",
"Leader Tussin DM",
"Codeine-Guaifenesin",
"Mucinex DM",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Day Cold and Flu and Night Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Mucinex Sinus-Max Day and Night Maximum Strength",
"Vicks DayQuil Severe Honey Cold and Flu",
"Vicks Formula 44 VapoCool Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Tylenol Sinus Severe",
"Tylenol Sinus Severe",
"Maximum Strength Severe Congestion Relief",
"Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Severe",
"Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Severe",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Jack & Jill Honey Cough & Cold",
"DrKids Childrens Multi Symptom Cold Cough and Congestion DM",
"Rugby Cough Syrup",
"Berkley and Jensen Tussin DM",
"SanaTos Turbo Max Strength",
"Robafen DM",
"Sinus PE Pressure, Pain and Mucus",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Cold and Flu Daytime Severe",
"Mucinex Childrens Cough and Chest Congestion Mini-Melts Orange Creme",
"Complete Cold Relief",
"Cough",
"Histiacil Cough",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Mucus Relief Cough Childrens",
"Codeine-guaifenesin",
"Cvs",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Walgreen Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Circle K Cold",
"Covideze",
"CVS Maximum Strength Cold and Flu Relief",
"Tukol Max Action Sinus Caplets",
"CVS Childrens Cough Relief",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Good Sense Severe Tussin CF Max",
"Sedalmex XL Flu",
"Basic Care Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Alka Seltzer Plus Maximum Strength Cough Chest Congestion PowerFast Fizz",
"Aspire Mucus and Pain Relief Softgels",
"Aspire Congestion and Cough Relief DM Softgels",
"Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Severe",
"Sinus Pressure, Pain and Cough",
"Mucinex DM",
"DayQuil Severe Plus Vicks Vapocool Cold and Flu",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride",
"Childrens Mucus Relief Cough Cherry Liquid",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Twkof Children",
"Sunmark Adult Tussin DM",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Discount Drugmart Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE and GUAIFENESIN",
"DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE and GUAIFENESIN",
"DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE and GUAIFENESIN",
"AXIM Sinus Severe Mucus",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucinex DM",
"Cold and Flu Daytime Nighttime",
"Mucus Relief DM Immediate Release",
"Mucus Relief DM Immediate Release",
"Basic Care Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Good Sense Tussin DM",
"SanaTos Multi Symptom",
"Tussin DM Max",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hbr",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hbr",
"Severe Congestion, Cough, Cold and Flu Relief Maximum Strength, Nighttime",
"Maximum Strength Mucinex Sinus-Max Severe Congestion and Pain and Mucinex Nightshift Sinus",
"Maximum Strength Mucinex Fast-Max Cold and Flu and Mucinex NightShift Severe Cold and Flu",
"Daytime and Nighttime Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"DAYTIME NIGHTTIME SEVERE COLD AND FLU Maximum Strength",
"Tussin",
"Mucus Relief Cough and Congestion Childrens",
"Daytime Nighttime Sinus Relief Maximum Strength",
"Giltuss TR",
"Gilphex",
"Gilphex",
"Giltuss TR",
"Topcare Tussin DM",
"Mucinex Childrens Day Time Multi-Symptom Cold and Mucinex Childrens Night Time Multi-Symptom Cold Triple Pack",
"good neighbor pharmacy adult tussin DM",
"Sunmark Severe Day Time",
"Dg Health Adult Tussin",
"DAYTIME COLD AND FLU Maximum Strength",
"Adult Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Dollar General Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"Tussin CF Max",
"Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Equaline Adult Tussin",
"Equate Adult Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Tussin DM",
"Mucinex Fast-Max DM Max and Mucinex Nightshift Cold and Flu",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Severe Congestion and Cough and Mucinex Nightshift Cold and Flu",
"Tukol Children Cough and Congestion",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide HBR",
"Coricidin HBP Maximum Strength Cold Flu And Chest Congestion",
"GUAIFENESIN and CODEINE PHOSPHATE",
"GUAIFENESIN and CODEINE PHOSPHATE",
"Mucus Relief DM Extended Release Caplets",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold, Flu and Sore Throat and Mucinex NightShift Cold and Flu",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold and Flu and Mucinex NightShift Cold and Flu",
"Maximum Strength Mucinex Fast-Max Cold and Flu and Mucinex NightShift Severe Cold and Flu",
"Tusnel Cough Suppressant Expectorant",
"Diphen",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE and GUAIFENESIN",
"DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE and GUAIFENESIN",
"DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE and GUAIFENESIN",
"Tussin CF",
"Careone Tussin DM",
"Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Severe",
"Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Severe",
"Adult Tussin DM",
"Sound Body Tussin DM",
"Basic Care Tussin DM",
"Head Congestion Flu Severe PE",
"Head Congestion Mucus PE",
"Head Congestion Flu Severe PE",
"Vicks childrens Cough Congestion",
"Head Congestion Mucus PE",
"Adult Tussin DM",
"Adult Tussin DM",
"First Aid Direct Cough Relief DM",
"Severe Cold, Cold and Flu Maximum Strength, Daytime, Nightime",
"Head Congestion Plus Mucus PE",
"Maximum Strength Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Maximum Strength Daytime Non Drowsy Severe Cold and Flu",
"Head Congestion plus Flu Severe",
"Vicks DayQuil Severe Hot Remedy Cold and Flu plus Congestion",
"Akin Cough Formula DM",
"Vicks NyQuil Severe Hot Remedy Cold and Flu plus Congestion",
"Vicks NyQuil Severe Hot Remedy Cold and Flu plus Congestion",
"Vicks DayQuil Severe Hot Remedy Cold and Flu plus Congestion",
"Cold Severe Congestion",
"Algidol Flu",
"Non-Drowsy Sinus Severe, Circle K",
"Non-Drowsy Sinus Severe, Circle K",
"Daytime Sinus Severe",
"Leader Tussin DM",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Mucinex Cold and Flu",
"Robafen DM",
"head congestion plus mucus PE",
"head congestion plus flu severe PE",
"Medique Decorel Forte",
"Medi-First Cough Cold",
"Medi-First Plus Cough Cold",
"Multi-Symptom Cold Relief",
"Unishield Cough and Cold",
"Medique at Home Decorel Forte",
"Thompson Cough and Cold Multi-Symptom Relief",
"Basic Care Daytime Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Mucinex Cough Chest Congestion",
"Coricidin HBP Maximum Strength Cold and Flu Day and Night",
"Cold plus Head Congestion Severe",
"Sinus Severe",
"Cold plus Flu Severe",
"GUAIFENESIN AND DEXTROMETHORPHAN HBr",
"Equate Mucus D",
"Head Congestion Plus Flu Severe PE",
"cough and chest congestion DM syrup",
"Mucus Relief DM Maximum Strength",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Cough and Chest Congestion Maximum Strength",
"Novalgina Children Cough and Cold",
"Daytime, Nighttime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"COLDTAC Plus",
"Non Drowsy Severe Daytime and Nighttime Cold and Flu Relief",
"Twkof Adult",
"Adult Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Sugar Free",
"Adult Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Walgreen Adult Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Walgreen Severe Multi-Symptom Cough Cold Flu",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Adult Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Sugar Free",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Head Congestion plus Flu Severe PE",
"Mucus Relief Sinus Pressure Pain and Cough",
"Mucus Relief Sinus Severe Congestion and Pain",
"Head Congestion plus Flu Severe PE",
"Good Sense Tussin DM",
"Maximum Strength Non Drowsy Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"MAXIMUM STRENGTH Mucus D",
"24/7 Life Cold and Flu DayTime Severe",
"DayQuil VapoCOOL SEVERE COLD and FLU plus CONGESTION",
"Maximum Strength Severe Sinus Pressure, Pain and Cough Relief",
"Vicks DayQuil VapoCOOL SEVERE COLD and FLU plus CONGESTION",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Severe Congestion and Cough Clear and Cool and Maximum Strength Mucinex Nightshift Cold and Flu Clear and Cool",
"Severe Congestion and Cough, Cold and Flu Daytime, Nighttime",
"Sinus PE Head Congestion and Mucus",
"Head Congestion plus Mucus PE",
"Tylenol Cold and Flu",
"Tylenol Sinus Severe",
"Dimacol",
"Tukol Max Action Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Tussin DMMax",
"Pediacare Childrens Cough and Congestion Grape",
"Vicks DayQuil Kids Honey and Vicks NyQuil Kids Honey COLD and COUGH plus",
"Vicks Childrens Cough Congestion",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Guaifen/ac",
"Tukol Childrens Cold and Flu",
"Rugby Cough Syrup",
"Tylenol Sinus Severe",
"Tylenol Cold Plus Flu Severe",
"CVS Severe Multi-Symptom Cough Cold Flu",
"CVS Daytime Cold and Flu Relief",
"Severe Cold",
"Novalgina Pediatrico Cough and Cold Pediatrico",
"Leader Tussin CF",
"Always Save Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"Always Save Mucus Relief PE",
"DG health mucus dm",
"Mucus Relief Cold and Flu Daytime Nighttime",
"Akin Cough Formula DM Strawberry Banana",
"GUAIFENESIN and CODEINE PHOSPHATE",
"Guaiatussin AC Sugar Free",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Cvs Adult Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Dayquil Severe Plus Vapocool Cold and Flu",
"CVS Maximum Strength",
"CVS Adult Cough plus Chest Congestion DM Max with Honey",
"Tussin Cough Chest Congestion",
"Handy Solutions Cold Relief",
"Tussin DM",
"Walgreen Daytimel Kids Cold Cough plus Mucus",
"Walgreens Maximum Strength Severe Congestion and Cough",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Childrens Mucus and Cough Relief",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Maximum Strength Non Drowsy Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"CVS DayTime and NightTime Value Pack Cold and Flu",
"Leader Childrens Multi Symptom Cold",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Daytime Severe Sinus Congestion and Pain",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Mucus Relief Sinus Pressure Pain and Cough",
"Tussin Severe",
"Good Sense Tussin CF Max",
"mucus relief DM",
"mucus relief DM MAX",
"Foster and Thrive Chest Congestion Relief PE PE",
"Foster and Thrive Chest Congestion Relief DM DM",
"Head Congestion plus Mucus PE",
"Head Congestion plus Flu Severe PE",
"Head Congestion plus Flu Severe",
"Cold plus Flu Severe",
"Meijer Children Cough and Chest Congestion DM Grape Flavor",
"Meijer Adult Severe Multi-Symptom Cough Cold Flu",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Mucinex-Sinus Max Severe Congestion and Pain Clear and Cool and Mucinex Nightshift Sinus Clear and Cool",
"Sinus Severe",
"Codeine-Guaifenesin",
"Cold and Flu Day and Night, Severe",
"Medique Medi-Mucus",
"Safetussin High Blood Pressure and diabetes Cough, Cold and Flu",
"Mucus Relief DM Honey and Berry Flavor",
"DRx Choice Children daytime Cough and Chest Congestion",
"DRx Choice Childrens Stuffy Nose and Chest Congestion",
"Childrens Mucus Cough and Congestion Relief",
"Mucus Relief Cough Cold Sore Throat",
"MAX Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM Sugar Free",
"MAX Tussin Cough and Chest Congestion DM",
"Severe Tussin CF",
"Topcare Tussin CF Max",
"Maximum Strength Adult Cough plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Dg Health Tussin",
"Mucus Relief - DM Maximum Strength",
"Tussin Severe Cough Cold Flu",
"Basic Care Tussin CF Severe",
"Vicks DayQuil and Nyquil VapoCOOL Severe COLD and FLU plus CONGESTION",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Vicks DayQuil NyQuil Severe Honey Cold and Flu",
"Tussin CF Max",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Kickstart Severe Cold and Flu",
"Multi-Symptom Cold childrens",
"MUCINEX FAST MAX Liquid Cold and Flu Kickstart and MUCINEX Nightshift Kickstart",
"Dextromethorphan HBr. and Guaifenesin",
"Dextromethorphan HBr. and Guaifenesin",
"SAFETUSSIN Non Drowsy Cough plus chest congestion",
"Kirkland Signature Mucus DM",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Day Cold and Flu and Night Cold and Flu Maximum Strength",
"Leader Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Vicks DayQuil Kids BERRY COLD and COUGH plus MUCUS",
"Mucus DM Fast Max Day Cold and Flu and Night Cold and Flu",
"Sinus Pressure, Pain and Cough",
"Severe Cold and Flu Plus Congestion",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Pancold A",
"Foster and Thrive Daytime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"DayTime Cold and Flu Relief",
"Daytime Severe Cold and Flu",
"Good Sense Day Time Cold and Flu",
"Cough & Chest Congestion",
"DayTime Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Cvs Sugar Free Adult Cough Plus Chest Congestion DM",
"Mucinex DM Maximum Strength",
"Rompe Pechito DM for Kids",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Cold Multi-Symptom Severe",
"Tussin DM Daytime",
"Cough & Congestion",
"Mucus Relief DM Cough",
"Guaifenesin and Codeine Phosphate",
"Tussin DM Daytime Nighttime",
"Sinus Severe",
"Kids Cough and Chest Congestion",
"Mucus Relief Severe Congestion and Cough",
"CETAFEN COUGH and COLD",
"DG Health DayTime SEVERE Cold and Flu",
"Mucus Relief Cold, Flu and Sore Throat",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBR",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBR",
"Multi-Symptom Cold and Flu-Kids",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBR",
"Cold and Flu plus Congestion Daytime",
"Vicks DayQuil NyQuil BERRY Kids COLD and COUGH plus",
"Tussin CF",
"Daytime Cold and Flu Severe, Caseys 4goog",
"Sinus Relief, Caseys 4good",
"Rugby Chest Congestion Relief DM",
"DayQuil and NyQuil VapoCOOL SEVERE COLD and FLU plus CONGESTION",
"Kids Cough Daytime Nighttime Combo",
"DG Health Cold and Flu Severe",
"Mucinex Fast-Max Cold and Flu Arctic Burst and Nightshift Severe Cold and Flu Arctic Burst",
"Severe Cold and Flu Relief",
"Topcare Day Time Cold and Flu",
"Mucus & Phlegm Relief With Cough Control Extra Strength",
"Total Cold & Flu Extra Strength Night",
"Cough & Cold Relief Regular Strength",
"Cough & Cold Relief Extra Strength",
"VICKS DayQuil SEVERE HONEY FLAVOR COLD and FLU",
"Daytime Severe",
"VICKS FORMULA 44DM COUGH and CHEST CONGESTION",
"Equate Cold and Flu",
"Tussin Multi Symptom Cold CF Adult",
"Tussin Multi Symptom Cold CF Adult",
"Rompe Tos X Children",
"Cold and Flu Daytime Severe, 24/7 Life",
"Tenalif Multi Symptom Relief",
"Tenalif Children",
"Rompe Tos X Adults",
"Siltussin DM DAS Cough Formula",
"Family Wellness Chest Congestion Relief DM DM",
"mucus D",
"DayQuil Severe plus VapoCOOL Cold and Flu, CVP HEALTH",
"DayQuil Severe plus VapoCOOL Cold and Flu, Travel BASIX",
"Cough & Chest Congestion Regular Strength",
"Cough & Chest Congestion Extra Strength",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide",
"Mucinex DM, CVP HEALTH",
"Mucinex DM, TRAVEL BASIX",
"Topcare Mucus D",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBR",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBR",
"Members Mark Mucus Relief DM",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Cough and Congestion Extended Release",
"Mucus Relief D",
"Maximum Strength Cough and Congestion Extended Release",
"Sore Throat & Cough Extra Strength",
"Amazon Basic Care Mucus DM",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Guaifenesin and Dextromethorphan HBr",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Cold Relief",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Mucus Relief DM",
"Good Sense Mucus DM",
"Total Cough, Cold & Flu Ultra Strength",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Foster and Thrive Mucus Relief D",
"Foster and Thrive Mucus Relief D",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine HCl",
"Mucus Fast Max Day Cold and Flu and Night Cold and Flu"
] |
[
"Q05586",
"Q12879",
"Q13224",
"Q14957",
"O15399",
"Q8TCU5",
"O60391"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00875
|
Flupentixol
|
Flupentixol is an antipsychotic drug of the thioxanthene group. It exists in two geometric isomers, the trans(E) and pharmacologically active cis(Z) forms. Flupentixol decanoate is one of the active ingredients found in injectable drug formulations: it is produced by esterification of cis(Z)‐flupentixol with decanoic acid.[A229083] Flupentixol is an antagonist of both D1 and D2 dopamine receptors.[A229083]
Available as oral tablets or long-acting intramuscular injections, flupentixol is marketed under brand names such as Depixol and Fluanxol. It is approved for use in Canada and other countries around the world, but not in the US. It is used for the management of chronic schizophrenia in patients whose main manifestations do not include excitement, agitation or hyperactivity.[L31808] It has been marketed to manage symptoms of depression in patients who may or may not exhibit signs of anxiety.[L31928] In combination with [melitracen], flupentixol is used to manage symptoms of anxiety, depression, and asthenia.[L31923]
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solid
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Flupentixol is indicated for maintenance therapy of chronic schizophrenic patients whose main manifestations do not include excitement, agitation or hyperactivity.[L31808]
It is indicated for the management of depression in adult patients who may, or may not, also be showing signs of anxiety.[L31928]
Flupentixol in combination with [melitracen] is indicated to manage symptoms of anxiety, depression, and asthenia in adults.[L31923]
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Flupentixol is an antipsychotic agent with anxiolytic and mild sedative actions. It exerts weak anticholinergic and adrenergic effects. It possesses antiemetic actions. As flupentixol works by antagonizing dopamine actions, it can cause extrapyramidal effects,[L31808] mostly at doses greater than 10 mg. In clinical trials, flupentixol-induced extrapyramidal effects have been managed with anti-Parkinsonian drugs.[A229403] Drug esterification in the intramuscular formulation of the drug results in slow release of the drug from the injection site and a prolonged duration of action.[L31808] Flupentixol has been investigated for use in mild to moderate depression: compared to other antidepressant agents, flupentixol has a rapid onset of action, where antidepressive effects were observed within the first two to three days after administration.[A229403]
As with other antipsychotic agents, flupentixol can cause QTc prolongation and increase the risk of arrhythmias. In clinical trials, flupentixol was associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular adverse events, stroke, and venous thromboembolism. Flupentixol can elevate the levels of prolactin; however, the clinical significance of hyperprolactinemia caused by neuroleptic drugs is unclear. Long-term hyperprolactinemia, when associated with hypogonadism, may lead to decreased bone mineral density in both female and male subjects.[L31808]
Interestingly, recent studies show that flupentixol exhibits anti-tumour properties alone or synergistically with other anticancer drugs like gefitinib. One study demonstrated that _in vitro_, flupentixol docks to the ATP binding pocket of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), a lipid kinase that activates signalling pathways that are often hyperactivated in some cancers. Flupentixol inhibited the PI3K/AKT pathway and survival of lung cancer cells _in vitro_ and _in vivo_.[A229408]
|
The mechanism of action of flupentixol is not completely understood. The antipsychotic actions are mainly thought to arise from cis(Z)-flupentixol, the active stereoisomer, acting as an antagonist at both dopamine D<sub>1</sub> and D<sub>2</sub> receptors with equal affinities.[A229398] Schizophrenia is a mental illness characterized by positive (such as hallucinations and delusions) and negative (such as affect flattening and apathy) symptoms. While several neurotransmitter systems are implicated in the pathophysiologic processes leading to the development of symptoms, the dopamine and glutamate systems have been extensively studied. It is generally understood that positive symptoms of schizophrenia arise from a dysregulated striatal dopamine pathway, leading to hyperstimulation of D<sub>2</sub> receptors. Many antipsychotic agents work by blocking D<sub>2</sub> receptors as antagonists;[A229428] similarly, cis(Z)-flupentixol, the active stereoisomer, is an antagonist at D<sub>2</sub> receptors.[A229398] However, there is now evidence that antipsychotic agents can work by blocking other dopamine receptor subtypes, such as D<sub>1</sub>, D<sub>3</sub>, or D<sub>4</sub> receptors.[A229413, A229433, A229438] One study showed that cis(Z)-flupentixol is an antagonist at both dopamine D<sub>1</sub> and D<sub>2</sub> receptors with equal affinities,[A229398] and binds to D3 and D4 receptors with lower affinities. It also binds to alpha-1 adrenoceptors.[A229083] Antidepressant effects of flupentixol are understood to be mediated by antagonism at 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptors, which are commonly downregulated following repeated antidepressant treatment.[A177847] Flupentixol also binds to 5-HT<sub>2C</sub> receptors.[A229083]
|
Following oral administration, flupentixol is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with oral bioavailability of about 40%. T<sub>max</sub> ranges from three to eight hours. Steady-state plasma levels are achieved in about seven days and following once-daily oral administration of 5 mg flupentixol, the mean minimum steady-state level was about 1.7 ng/mL (3.9 nmol/L).[L31808]
From the site of intramuscular injection, esterified flupentixol diffuses slowly from the oil solution and is slowly released into the extracellular fluid and the circulation to be distributed to different tissues. Peak drug concentrations are reached between four and seven days following intramuscular injection. Intramuscularly administered flupentixol is detectable in the blood three weeks after injection and reaches steady-state concentrations after about three months of repeated administration.[L31808]
|
Flupentixol is metabolized in the liver via sulfoxidation, dealkylation, and glucuronidation to form pharmacologically inactive metabolites. Flupentixol decanoate, the active ingredient in the intramuscular formulation, is hydrolyzed to flupentixol.[L31808]
|
The oral LD<sub>50</sub> is 423 mg/kg in mice and 791 mg/kg in rats.[L31868] The intravenous LD<sub>50</sub> is 37 mg/kg in rats.[L31873]
Flupentixol overdose is characterized by sedation, frequently preceded by extreme agitation, excitement, confusion, somnolence, coma, convulsions, and hyperthermia or hypothermia. Extrapyramidal symptoms or respiratory and circulatory collapse may be observed. ECG changes, QT prolongation, Torsades de Pointes, cardiac arrest and ventricular arrhythmias have been reported from the combined use of drugs known to affect the heart with large doses of flupentixol. In case of overdose, symptomatic treatment should be initiated with airway management. In case of severe hypotension, epinephrine should not be used: instead, intravenous vasopressor drugs, such as levarterenol, can be used. Antiparkinsonian medication should be administered only if extrapyramidal symptoms develop. Gastric lavage should be initiated in the case of flupentixol tablet overdose. Further injections of flupentixol should be discontinued in case of an intramuscularly-administered drug overdose until the patient shows signs of relapse, in which the dosage can subsequently be decreased.[L31808]
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is associated with neuroleptic drugs, which should be responded to with immediate discontinuation of the drug and initiation of symptomatic treatment and medical monitoring.[L31808]
|
The elimination half-life is about 35 hours following oral administration and three weeks following intramuscular administration.[L31808]
|
Flupentixol is 99% bound to plasma proteins.[L31808]
|
Fecal excretion is more predominant than renal excretion. In the feces, flupentixol is recovered in the feces mainly as the unchanged form, as well as its lipophilic metabolites, such as dealkyl-flupentixol. Flupentixol is recovered in the urine as the unchanged form as well as its hydrophilic sulfoxide and glucuronide metabolites.[L31808]
|
The apparent volume of distribution is about 14.1 L/kg. Following administration, the highest levels of flupentixol are found in the lungs, liver, and spleen. Lower concentrations of the drug are found in the blood and brain.[L31808]
|
Following oral administration, the mean systemic clearance is about 0.29 L/min.[L31808]
|
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Benzothiopyrans
|
1-benzothiopyrans
|
[
"approved",
"investigational",
"withdrawn"
] |
[
"N05AF",
"N05A",
"N05",
"N"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "7.96",
"description": "Fluanxol Depot 20 mg/ml",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "39.79",
"description": "Fluanxol Depot 100 mg/ml",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.27",
"description": "Fluanxol 0.5 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.59",
"description": "Fluanxol 3 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
}
] |
[] |
Flupenthixol | Flupenthixole | Flupentixol | Flupentixolo | Flupentixolum | Dopamine D2 receptor | Dopamine D1 receptor | 5-HT-2 | 5-HT-2A | HTR2 | Serotonin receptor 2A | ADRA1C | Alpha-1A adrenoceptor | Alpha-1A adrenoreceptor | Alpha-1C adrenergic receptor | Alpha-adrenergic receptor 1c | Dopamine D3 receptor | D(2C) dopamine receptor | Dopamine D4 receptor | 5-HT-1C | 5-HT-2C | 5-HT1C | 5-HT2C | 5-HTR2C | 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1C | HTR1C | Serotonin receptor 2C | ACAT | Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase | Brain carboxylesterase hBr1 | Carboxylesterase 1 | CE-1 | CEH | CES2 | Cholesteryl ester hydrolase | Cocaine carboxylesterase | Egasyn | hCE-1 | HMSE | Methylumbelliferyl-acetate deacetylase 1 | Monocyte/macrophage serine esterase | REH | Retinyl ester hydrolase | Serine esterase 1 | SES1 | TGH | Triacylglycerol hydrolase | 4.1.1.28 | AADC | DDC | DOPA decarboxylase | ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 | MDR1 | Multidrug resistance protein 1 | P-glycoprotein 1 | PGY1 | Phospholipid transporter ABCB1
|
[
"Fluanxol 0.5mg - Tab",
"Fluanxol 3mg - Tab",
"Fluanxol Depot 10%- Liq Im 100mg/ml",
"Fluanxol Depot 2% -liq Im 20mg/ml",
"Fluanxol Depot Inj 100mg/ml",
"Fluanxol Depot Inj 20mg/ml",
"Fluanxol Tab 0.5mg",
"Fluanxol Tab 3mg",
"Flupentixol Decanoate Injection BP",
"Flupentixol Decanoate Injection BP"
] |
[
"Depixol",
"Fluanxol",
"Jexit"
] |
[] |
[
"P14416",
"P21728",
"P28223",
"P35348",
"P35462",
"P21917",
"P28335",
"P11229"
] |
[
"P23141",
"P20711"
] |
[] |
[
"P08183"
] |
DB00876
|
Eprosartan
|
Eprosartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used to treat hypertension. It performs 2 actions on the renin angiotensin system. By preventing the binding of angiotensin II to AT1, vascular smooth muscle relaxes and vasodilation occurs. By inhibiting norepinephrine production, blood pressure is further reduced.
|
solid
|
For the management of hypertension alone or in combination with other classes of antihypertensive agents. Also used as a first-line agent in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, as well as a second-line agent in the treatment of congestive heart failure (only in those intolerant of ACE inhibitors).
|
Angiotensin II, the principal pressor agent of the renin-angiotensin system, is formed from angiotensin I in a reaction catalyzed by angiotensin-converting enzyme [kininase II]. It is responsible for effects such as vasoconstriction, stimulation of synthesis and release of aldosterone, cardiac stimulation, and renal reabsorption of sodium. Eprosartan selectively blocks the binding of angiotensin II to the AT<sub>1</sub> receptor, which in turn leads to multiple effects including vasodilation, a reduction in the secretion of vasopressin, and reduction in the production and secretion of aldosterone. The resulting effect is a decrease in blood pressure.
|
Eprosartan blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II by selectively blocking the binding of angiotensin II to the AT<sub>1</sub> receptor found in many tissues (e.g., vascular smooth muscle, adrenal gland). There is also an AT<sub>2</sub> receptor found in many tissues but it is not known to be associated with cardiovascular homeostasis. Eprosartan does not exhibit any partial agonist activity at the AT<sub>1</sub> receptor. Its affinity for the AT<sub>1</sub> receptor is 1,000 times greater than for the AT<sub>2</sub> receptor. In vitro binding studies indicate that eprosartan is a reversible, competitive inhibitor of the AT<sub>1</sub> receptor. Eprosartan has also been shown to bind to AT<sub>1</sub> receptors both presynaptically and synaptically. Its action on presynaptic AT<sub>1</sub> receptors results in the inhibition of sympathetically stimulated noradrenaline release. Unlike ACE inhibitors, eprosartan and other ARBs do not interfere with response to bradykinins and substance P, which allows for the absence of adverse effects that are present in ACE inhibitors (eg. dry cough).
|
Absolute bioavailability following a single 300 mg oral dose of eprosartan is approximately 13%. Administering eprosartan with food delays absorption.
|
Eprosartan is not metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system. It is mainly eliminated as unchanged drug. Less than 2% of an oral dose is excreted in the urine as a glucuronide.
|
There was no mortality in rats and mice receiving oral doses of up to 3000 mg eprosartan/kg and in dogs receiving oral doses of up to 1000 mg eprosartan/kg.
|
The terminal elimination half-life of eprosartan following oral administration is typically 5 to 9 hours.
|
Plasma protein binding of eprosartan is high (approximately 98%) and constant over the concentration range achieved with therapeutic doses.
| null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Benzenoids
|
Benzene and substituted derivatives
|
Benzoic acids and derivatives
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"C09DA",
"C09D",
"C09",
"C",
"C09CA",
"C09C",
"C09",
"C"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.18",
"description": "Teveten 600 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.24",
"description": "Teveten 400 mg tiltab",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "2.83",
"description": "Teveten 400 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "3.19",
"description": "Teveten 600 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "3.42",
"description": "Teveten hct 600-25 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "3.52",
"description": "Teveten hct 600-12.5 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.79",
"description": "Teveten 400 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "1997-08-12",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2014-08-12",
"number": "5656650"
},
{
"approved": "1993-02-09",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2010-02-09",
"number": "5185351"
},
{
"approved": "2005-09-06",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2017-03-26",
"number": "2250395"
},
{
"approved": "2004-05-25",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2012-08-12",
"number": "2115170"
}
] |
(E)-2-butyl-1-(p-carboxybenzyl)-α-2-thenylimidazole-5-acrylic acid | (E)-3-[2-n-butyl-1-{(4-carboxyphenyl)methyl}-1H-imidazol-5-yl]-2-(2-thienyl)methyl-2-propenoic acid | (E)-α{[2-butyl-1-[(4-carboxyphenyl)methyl]-1H-imidazole-5-yl]methylene}-2-thiopheneproprionic acid | Éprosartan | Eprosartan | Eprosartanum | AGTR1A | AGTR1B | Angiotensin II type-1 receptor | AT1 receptor | AT1AR | AT1BR | AT2R1 | AT2R1B | 7.6.2.- | 7.6.2.2 | 7.6.2.3 | Canalicular multidrug resistance protein | Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 | CMOAT | CMOAT1 | CMRP | MRP2 | Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2
|
[
"Eprosartan Mesylate",
"Eprosartan Mesylate",
"Teveten",
"Teveten",
"Teveten",
"Teveten",
"Teveten",
"Teveten",
"Teveten",
"Teveten HCT",
"Teveten HCT",
"Teveten HCT",
"Teveten HCT",
"Teveten HCT",
"Teveten HCT",
"Teveten Plus",
"Teveten Tablets 300 mg"
] |
[
"Eprozar",
"Futuran",
"Teveten"
] |
[
"Teveten HCT",
"Teveten HCT",
"Teveten HCT",
"Teveten HCT",
"Teveten HCT",
"Teveten HCT",
"Teveten Plus"
] |
[
"P30556"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Q92887"
] |
DB00877
|
Sirolimus
|
Sirolimus, also known as rapamycin, is a macrocyclic lactone antibiotic produced by bacteria _Streptomyces hygroscopicus_, which was isolated from the soil of the Vai Atari region of Rapa Nui (Easter Island).[A242412] It was first isolated and identified as an antifungal agent with potent anticandida activity; however, after its potent antitumor and immunosuppressive activities were later discovered, it was extensively investigated as an immunosuppressive and antitumour agent.[A13448] Its primary mechanism of action is the inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that regulates cell growth, proliferation, and survival. mTOR is an important therapeutic target for various diseases, as it was shown to regulate longevity and maintain normal glucose homeostasis.[A242417] Targeting mTOR received more attention especially in cancer, as mTOR signalling pathways are constitutively activated in many types of human cancer.[A1320]
Sirolimus was first approved by the FDA in 1999 for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in patients aged 13 years and older receiving renal transplants.[A242372] In November 2000, the drug was recognized by the European Agency as an alternative to calcineurin antagonists for maintenance therapy with corticosteroids.[A242412] In May 2015, the FDA approved sirolimus for the treatment of patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis.[L39292] In November 2021, albumin-bound sirolimus for intravenous injection was approved by the FDA for the treatment of adults with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic malignant perivascular epithelioid cell tumour (PEComa).[L39267] Sirolimus was also investigated in other cancers such as skin cancer, Kaposi’s Sarcoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, and tuberous sclerosis.[A242372] The topical formulation of sirolimus, marketed as HYFTOR, was approved by the FDA in April 2022: this marks the first topical treatment approved in the US for facial angiofibroma associated with tuberous sclerosis complex.[L41494]
|
solid
|
Sirolimus is indicated for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in patients aged 13 years or older receiving renal transplants. In patients at low-to moderate-immunologic risk, it is recommended that sirolimus be used initially in a regimen with [cyclosporine] and corticosteroids; cyclosporine should be withdrawn two to four months after transplantation. In patients at high-immunologic risk (defined as Black recipients and/or repeat renal transplant recipients who lost a previous allograft for immunologic reason and/or patients with high panel-reactive antibodies [PRA; peak PRA level > 80%]), it is recommended that sirolimus be used in combination with cyclosporine and corticosteroids for the first year following transplantation.[L19809]
It is also used to treat lymphangioleiomyomatosis.[L19809]
In the US, albumin-bound sirolimus for intravenous injection is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic malignant perivascular epithelioid cell tumour (PEComa).[L39267]
In Europe, it is recommended that sirolimus for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in renal transplants is used in combination with cyclosporin microemulsion and corticosteroids for two to three months. Sirolimus may be continued as maintenance therapy with corticosteroids only if cyclosporin microemulsion can be progressively discontinued.[L7021]
Topical sirolimus is indicated for the treatment of facial angiofibroma associated with tuberous sclerosis in adults and pediatric patients six years of age and older.[L41489]
|
Sirolimus is an immunosuppressant drug with antifungal and antitumour effects.[A1321] In animal models, sirolimus prolonged allograft survival following various organ transplants and reversed an acute rejection of heart and kidney allografts in rats. Upon oral administration of 2 mg/day and 5 mg/day, sirolimus significantly reduced the incidence of organ rejection in low- to moderate-immunologic risk renal transplant patients at six months following transplantation compared with either azathioprine or placebo. In some studies, the immunosuppressive effect of sirolimus lasted up to six months after discontinuation of therapy: this tolerization effect is alloantigen-specific.[L19809] Sirolimus potently inhibits antigen-induced proliferation of T cells, B cells, and antibody production.[A13448]
In rodent models of autoimmune disease, sirolimus suppressed immune-mediated events associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, collagen-induced arthritis, autoimmune type I diabetes, autoimmune myocarditis, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, graft-versus-host disease, and autoimmune uveoretinitis.[L19809]
|
Sirolimus works by inhibiting T-lymphocyte activation and proliferation stimulated by antigens and cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and IL-15. In target cells, sirolimus binds to the cytoplasmic receptor FK506-binding protein-12 (FKBP12), an immunophilin, to form an immunosuppressive complex. FKBP12-sirolimus complex binds to and inhibits the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR),[A1321, L19809] which is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that regulates cell growth, proliferation, survival, mobility, and angiogenesis.[A1320, A1321] mTOR regulates the downstream signalling pathways involved in cell survival, such as the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling pathway.[A1320] Inhibition of mTOR leads to the suppression of cytokine-driven T-cell proliferation, thus the progression from the G1 to the S phase of the cell cycle is inhibited. Sirolimus also inhibits antibody production. _In vitro_, sirolimus and other mTOR inhibitors inhibit the production of certain growth factors that may affect angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, and vascular permeability.[L19809]
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a disorder that primarily affects the lungs. It is characterized by lung tissue infiltration, unregulated alveolar smooth muscle proliferation, and cystic destruction of parenchyma. Although infrequent, it occurs as a symptomatic pulmonary complication in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), which is an inherited disorder caused by mutations in TSC genes.[A242437] Loss of functional TSC gene leads to the aberrant activation of the mTOR signalling pathway, resulting in cellular proliferation and release of lymphangiogenic growth factors. Sirolimus inhibits the activated mTOR pathway and proliferation of alveolar smooth muscle cell proliferation.[L19809]
|
In adult renal transplant patients with low- to moderate-immunologic risk, oral administration of 2 mg sirolimus led to a C<sub>max</sub> of 14.4 ± 5.3 ng/mL for oral solution and 15.0 ± 4.9 ng/mL for oral tablets. The t<sub>max</sub> was 2.1 ± 0.8 hours for oral solution and 3.5 ± 2.4 hours for oral tablets. In healthy subjects, the t<sub>max</sub> is one hour. In a multi-dose study, steady-state was reached six days following repeated twice-daily administration without an initial loading dose, with the average trough concentration of sirolimus increased approximately 2- to 3-fold. It is suspected that a loading dose of three times the maintenance dose will provide near steady-state concentrations within one day in most patients.[L19809]
The systemic availability of sirolimus is approximately 14%. In healthy subjects, the mean bioavailability of sirolimus after administration of the tablet is approximately 27% higher relative to the solution. Sirolimus tablets are not bioequivalent to the solution; however, clinical equivalence has been demonstrated at the 2 mg dose level. Sirolimus concentrations, following the administration of Rapamune Oral Solution to stable renal transplant patients, are dose-proportional between 3 and 12 mg/m<sup>2</sup>.[L19809]
|
Sirolimus undergoes extensive metabolism in the intestinal wall and liver. Sirolimus is primarily metabolized by O-demethylation and/or hydroxylation via CYP3A4 to form seven major metabolites, including hydroxy, demethyl, and hydroxydemethyl metabolites, which are pharmacologically inactive. Sirolimus also undergoes counter-transport from enterocytes of the small intestine into the gut lumen.[L19809]
|
Oral LD<sub>50</sub> of sirolimus is 800 mg/kg in rats and 2500 mg/kg in mouse.[L39302]
Sirolimus is a narrow therapeutic index drug.[A242412] Although there are reports of overdose with sirolimus, there is limited information on overdose in the clinical setting. Symptoms of overdose are consistent with the adverse effects of sirolimus. General supportive measures are recommended in the event of an overdose. Because sirolimus has low aqueous solubility and high erythrocyte and plasma protein binding, it is not expected to be dialyzable to any significant extent.[L19809]
|
The mean ± SD terminal elimination half-life (t½) of sirolimus after multiple dosing in stable renal transplant patients was estimated to be about 62 ± 16 hours.[L19809]
|
Sirolimus is 92% bound to human plasma proteins, mainly serum albumin (97%), α1-acid glycoprotein, and lipoproteins.[L19809]
|
Following oral administration of [<sup>14</sup>C] sirolimus in healthy subjects, about 91% of the radioactivity was recovered from feces and only 2.2% of the radioactivity was detected in urine. Some of the metabolites of sirolimus are also detectable in feces and urine.[L19809]
|
The mean (± SD) blood-to-plasma ratio of sirolimus was 36 ± 18 L in stable renal allograft patients, indicating that sirolimus is extensively partitioned into formed blood elements. The mean volume of distribution (V<sub>ss/F</sub>) of sirolimus is 12 ± 8 L/kg.[L19809]
|
In adult renal transplant patients with low- to moderate-immunologic risk, oral administration of 2 mg sirolimus led to oral clearance of 173 ± 50 mL/h/kg for oral solution and 139 ± 63 mL/h/kg for oral tablets.[L19809]
|
Organic compounds
|
Phenylpropanoids and polyketides
|
Macrolide lactams
| null |
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[
"L01EG",
"L01E",
"L01",
"L",
"S01XA",
"S01X",
"S01",
"S",
"L04AH",
"L04A",
"L04",
"L"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "5.86",
"description": "Rapamune 0.5 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "11.95",
"description": "Rapamune 1 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "12.19",
"description": "Rapamune 1 mg/ml Solution",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "20.59",
"description": "Rapamune 2 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "1993-05-18",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2010-05-18",
"number": "5212155"
},
{
"approved": "2006-07-11",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2018-06-11",
"number": "2293793"
},
{
"approved": "2003-04-29",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2012-02-21",
"number": "2103571"
},
{
"approved": "1999-11-23",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2018-09-11",
"number": "5989591"
},
{
"approved": "2021-04-13",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2036-06-29",
"number": "10973806"
},
{
"approved": "2014-12-16",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2029-02-14",
"number": "8911786"
},
{
"approved": "2019-02-19",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2030-04-15",
"number": "10206887"
},
{
"approved": "2020-07-07",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2036-03-05",
"number": "10705070"
},
{
"approved": "2020-10-28",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2040-10-28",
"number": "11497737"
},
{
"approved": "2016-03-05",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2036-03-05",
"number": "12061183"
}
] |
(-)-Rapamycin | Rapamycin | Sirolimús | Sirolimus | Sirolimusum | 2.7.11.1 | FK506-binding protein 12-rapamycin complex-associated protein 1 | FKBP12-rapamycin complex-associated protein | FRAP | FRAP1 | FRAP2 | Mammalian target of rapamycin | Mechanistic target of rapamycin | mTOR | RAFT1 | Rapamycin and FKBP12 target 1 | Rapamycin target protein 1 | RAPT1 | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIIA5 | Cytochrome P450-PCN3 | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIIA7 | Cytochrome P450-HFLA | P450HLp2 | AGP 1 | AGP1 | OMD 1 | Orosomucoid-1 | Apo-AI | ApoA-I | Apolipoprotein A1 | Apo-AII | ApoA-II | Apolipoprotein A2 | Apo-AIV | ApoA-IV | Apolipoprotein A4 | Apo B-100 | APC2 | Apo-CII | ApoC-II | Apolipoprotein C2 | Apo-CIII | ApoC-III | Apolipoprotein C3 | Apo-D | ApoD | Apo-E | Apo-L | APOL | ApoL-I | Apolipoprotein L | Apolipoprotein L-I | Apo-M | ApoM | G3A | NG20 | Protein G3a | 3.4.21.- | Apo(a) | Lp(a) | ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 | MDR1 | Multidrug resistance protein 1 | P-glycoprotein 1 | PGY1 | Phospholipid transporter ABCB1 | Liver-specific organic anion transporter 1 | LST-1 | LST1 | OATP-2 | OATP-C | OATP1B1 | OATP2 | OATPC | Organic anion transporter SLC21A6 | SLC21A6 | SLCO1B1 | Sodium-independent organic anion-transporting polypeptide 2 | Solute carrier family 21 member 6 | hMATE-1 | MATE-1 | MATE1 | Solute carrier family 47 member 1
|
[
"Fyarro",
"Gd-sirolimus",
"Gd-sirolimus",
"Gd-sirolimus",
"Gd-sirolimus",
"Hyftor",
"Hyftor",
"Rapamune",
"Rapamune",
"Rapamune",
"Rapamune",
"Rapamune",
"Rapamune",
"Rapamune",
"Rapamune",
"Rapamune",
"Rapamune",
"Rapamune",
"Rapamune",
"Rapamune",
"Rapamune",
"Rapamune",
"Rapamune",
"Rapamune",
"Rapamune",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus",
"Sirolimus"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"P42345"
] |
[
"P08684",
"P20815",
"P24462"
] |
[
"P02768",
"P02763",
"P02647",
"P02652",
"P06727",
"P04114",
"P02655",
"P02656",
"P05090",
"P02649",
"O14791",
"O95445",
"P08519"
] |
[
"P08183",
"Q9Y6L6",
"Q96FL8"
] |
DB00878
|
Chlorhexidine
|
Chlorhexidine is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial biguanide used as a topical antiseptic and in dental practice for the treatment of inflammatory dental conditions caused by microorganisms.[L11512] It is one of the most common skin and mucous membrane antiseptic agents in use today.[A190417] The molecule itself is a cationic bis-guanide consisting of two 4-chlorophenyl rings and two biguanide groups joined by a central hexamethylene chain.[A190453] Topical chlorhexidine for disinfection, as well as oral rinses for dental use, carries activity against a broad range of pathogens including bacteria, yeasts, and viruses.[L11518,L11512,A190453]
Chlorhexidine was developed in the UK by Imperial Chemical Industries in the early 1950s[A190474] and was introduced to the US in the 1970s.[L11572] The FDA withdrew its approval for the use of chlorhexidine gluconate topical tincture 0.5%, due to a significant number of reports concerning chemical and thermal burns associated with the use of this product.[L43942,L44027] Other formulations of chlorhexidine continue to be available.
|
solid
|
Chlorhexidine is available over-the-counter in various formulations (e.g. solution, sponge, cloth, swab) as a topical antiseptic to sanitize prior to surgeries and/or medical procedures.[L11518,L11521,L11527,L11533] Dental formulations, available by prescription only, include an oral rinse indicated for the treatment of gingivitis[L11512] and a slow-release "chip" which is inserted into periodontal pockets and is indicated for the reduction of pocket depth in adult patients with periodontitis as an adjunct therapy to dental scaling and root planing procedures.[L11536]
|
Chlorhexidine is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial with demonstrated activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, and viruses.[A190417] Antimicrobial activity is dose-dependent - chlorhexidine is bacteriostatic at lower concentrations (0.02%-0.06%) and bactericidal at higher concentrations (>0.12%).[A190417] Pharmacokinetic studies of oral chlorhexidine rinses indicate that approximately 30% of the active ingredient is retained in the mouth following rinsing, which is subsequently slowly released into oral fluids.[L11512] This ability to adsorb to dentine, shared with tetracycline antibiotics such as [doxycycline], is known as "substantivity" and is the result of chlorhexidine's positive charge - it is likely that this substantivity plays at least some role in chlorhexidine's antimicrobial activity, as its persistence on surfaces such as dentine prevent microbial colonization.[A190453]
Dental chlorhexidine rinses may result in staining of oral surfaces, such as teeth. This effect is not ubiquitous and appears to be more significant with extended therapy (i.e. up to 6 months) - nevertheless, patients for whom oral staining is unacceptable should use chlorhexidine rinse with caution and for the shortest effective interval.[L11512] Allergic reactions to chlorhexidine have been associated with the development of anaphylaxis.[A190468]
|
Chlorhexidine’s broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects are due to its ability to disrupt microbial cell membranes. The positively charged chlorhexidine molecule reacts with negatively charged phosphate groups on microbial cell surfaces - this reaction both destroys the integrity of the cell, allowing leakage of intracellular material, and allows chlorhexidine to enter the cell, causing precipitation of cytoplasmic components and ultimately cell death.[L11536,A190453] The specific means of cell death is dependent on the concentration of chlorhexidine - lower concentrations are bacteriostatic and result in leakage of intracellular substances such as potassium and phosphorous, whereas higher concentrations are bactericidal and cause cytoplasmic precipitation.[A190453]
|
Topically, chlorhexidine is unlikely to undergo any degree of systemic absorption. Orally administered chlorhexidine, such as that found in oral rinses for dental purposes, is very poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract - the C<sub>max</sub> in human subjects following an oral dose of 300mg was 0.206 µg/g and occurred approximately 30 minutes after ingestion (T<sub>max</sub>).[L11512] Following the insertion of 4 PerioChips in 18 adult patients, no detectable plasma or urine chlorhexidine levels were observed.[L11536]
|
As chlorhexidine is very poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, it is unlikely to undergo metabolic conversion to any significant extent.[L11512]
|
The LD<sub>50</sub> of subcutaneously administered chlorhexidine in mice is >5 g/kg.[L11539]
Small children are likely to be more susceptible to chlorhexidine overdose - ingestion of 1-2 ounces by a small child may result in gastric distress, nausea, and intoxication. Treatment should consist of symptomatic and supportive measures. Seek medical attention if a child ingests >4 ounces of chlorhexidine solution or if symptoms of intoxication develop post-exposure.[L11512]
| null |
Chlorhexidine is known to bind albumin in both serum and saliva,[A190435] though the extent of this binding is unclear.
|
Excretion of chlorhexidine gluconate occurs almost exclusively via the feces, with less than 1% of an ingested dose excreted in the urine.[L11512]
| null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Benzenoids
|
Benzene and substituted derivatives
|
Halobenzenes
|
[
"approved",
"vet_approved",
"withdrawn"
] |
[
"R02AA",
"R02A",
"R02",
"R",
"S03AA",
"S03A",
"S03",
"S",
"D08AC",
"D08A",
"D08",
"D",
"A01AB",
"A01A",
"A01",
"A",
"S01AX",
"S01A",
"S01",
"S",
"D08AC",
"D08A",
"D08",
"D",
"D09AA",
"D09A",
"D09",
"D",
"B05CA",
"B05C",
"B05",
"B",
"A01AB",
"A01A",
"A01",
"A",
"S02AA",
"S02A",
"S02",
"S"
] |
[
"Bacteria"
] |
[
{
"cost": "4.21",
"description": "Biopatch dressing",
"unit": "each"
},
{
"cost": "14.0",
"description": "Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.12% Solution 473ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "15.99",
"description": "Periogard 0.12% Solution 473ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "23.99",
"description": "Peridex 0.12% Solution 473ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "0.01",
"description": "Dynahex 2% liquid",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.01",
"description": "Periogard 0.12% oral rinse",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.02",
"description": "Chlorhexidine 0.12% rinse",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.02",
"description": "Dynahex 4% liquid",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.03",
"description": "Chlorhexidine 2% scrub",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.04",
"description": "Hibiclens 4% liquid",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.04",
"description": "Peridex 0.12% liquid",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.16",
"description": "Chlorhexidine gluc 20% soln",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.43",
"description": "Hibistat towelette",
"unit": "each"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "2008-09-09",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2027-04-25",
"number": "7422388"
},
{
"approved": "2003-03-25",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2020-11-10",
"number": "6536975"
},
{
"approved": "2004-05-04",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2023-03-14",
"number": "6729786"
},
{
"approved": "2007-07-10",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2023-03-14",
"number": "7241065"
},
{
"approved": "1997-11-25",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2016-09-30",
"number": "5690958"
},
{
"approved": "2006-01-31",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2024-01-31",
"number": "6991394"
},
{
"approved": "2007-02-27",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2023-12-30",
"number": "7182536"
},
{
"approved": "1996-07-23",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2015-08-25",
"number": "5538353"
},
{
"approved": "1998-06-30",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2017-04-22",
"number": "5772346"
},
{
"approved": "2006-07-25",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2016-08-03",
"number": "7081246"
},
{
"approved": "1999-04-27",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2016-06-21",
"number": "5897031"
},
{
"approved": "2003-01-07",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2017-01-07",
"number": "D468424"
},
{
"approved": "2006-06-27",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2024-02-17",
"number": "7066916"
},
{
"approved": "2009-09-29",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2023-05-12",
"number": "7595021"
},
{
"approved": "2010-05-18",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2025-02-27",
"number": "7717889"
},
{
"approved": "2011-05-03",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2027-10-02",
"number": "7935093"
},
{
"approved": "2008-09-23",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2026-04-25",
"number": "7427574"
},
{
"approved": "2014-01-07",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2029-07-26",
"number": "8623935"
}
] |
1,1'-Hexamethylene bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide) | Chlorhexidin | Chlorhexidine | Chlorhexidinum | Cloresidina | Clorhexidina | N,N'-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide
|
[
"(Fruli) Quick-Dry Disposable Hand Sanitizer",
"(Qiqing) Chlorhexidine Gluconate Alcohol Disinfectant",
"3M Avagard",
"3M SoluPrep",
"3M SoluPrep",
"3M SoluPrep S",
"3M SoluPrep S",
"3m Soluprep Sponge",
"Acclean Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.12% Oral Rinse",
"Acclean Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.12% Oral Rinse",
"Acclean Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.12% Oral Rinse",
"Acclean Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.12% Oral Rinse",
"Acclean Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.12% Oral Rinse",
"Acclean Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.12% Oral Rinse",
"Akilgeld Hand Sanitizer",
"Akilspray Hand Sanitizer",
"Alcohol Antibacterial Wipes",
"Alcohol Disinfectant Wipes",
"Anti Mucedine Feminine Wash",
"Anti-bac Hand",
"Antibacterial Protective Hand",
"Antibacterial Protective Hand",
"Antimicrobial Foam Handwash",
"Antimicrobial Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Body Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Cleanser Solution",
"Antiseptic Cleansing Wipes",
"Antiseptic Cleansing Wipes",
"Antiseptic First Aid Spray",
"Antiseptic Foam Handwash",
"Antiseptic Lotion Soap 2%",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser Exidine-2 CHG",
"Antiseptic Skin Cleanser Exidine-2 CHG",
"Antiseptic Solution",
"Aplicare Antiseptic Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Aplicare Antiseptic Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Aplicare Antiseptic Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Aplicare Antiseptic Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Aplicare Antiseptic Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Aplicare Chlorhexidine Gluconate 2% Solution",
"Aplicare Chlorhexidine Gluconate 2% Solution",
"Avagard Chg",
"Avidene Surgical Scrub",
"B-good Hand and Skin Disinfecting Agent",
"Bacti-stat Chg",
"Bactigras",
"Bactoshield",
"Bactoshield CHG",
"Bactoshield CHG",
"Bactoshield CHG",
"Bactoshield CHG",
"Bactoshield CHG",
"Bactoshield CHG",
"Bactoshield CHG",
"Bactoshield CHG",
"Bactoshield CHG",
"Bactoshield CHG",
"Bactoshield CHG",
"Bactoshield Chg 2%",
"Bactoshield Chg 4%",
"Bactoshield CHG Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Bactoshield CHG Chlorhexidine Gluconate Solution",
"Baxedin",
"Baxedin 2% - 70%",
"Baxedin Liq 20%",
"Baxedin Pre-OP",
"BD E-Z Scrub",
"BD E-Z Scrub",
"BD E-Z Scrub",
"BD E-Z Scrub",
"BD E-Z Scrub 107",
"Bei Ling Tong Bao Er Zheng Yuan Antibacterial Creams",
"Betalido-C",
"Betasept",
"Betasept",
"Bioprep",
"Bioprep",
"Bioprep Liq",
"Burn O Sol Spray",
"Calgon Vestal 2% Chg Antimicrob.skin Cleans.",
"Calgon Vestal 4% Chg Antimicrob.skin Cleans.",
"Cardinal Health",
"Cardinal Health",
"Cardinal Health Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Cardinal Health Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Cardinal Health Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Chinese Herb Essence Bacteriostatic Feminine Wash",
"Chlora-cleanze",
"Chloraprep",
"Chloraprep Liq 0.5%",
"ChloraPrep One-Step",
"ChloraPrep One-Step",
"ChloraPrep Swabstick",
"Chloraprep Swabsticks",
"Chlorhexidine",
"Chlorhexidine",
"Chlorhexidine",
"Chlorhexidine 0.5% Liq",
"Chlorhexidine 2% Antiseptic Hand Wash",
"Chlorhexidine 4% Antiseptic Hand Wash",
"Chlorhexidine Alcohol Free",
"Chlorhexidine and Isopropyl Alcohol Prep Pads",
"Chlorhexidine and Isopropyl Alcohol Swabsticks",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconante",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.12% Oral Rinse",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.12% Oral Rinse",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.12% Oral Rinse",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.12% Oral Rinse",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.12% Oral Rinse, USP",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.12% Oral Rinse, USP",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate Applicator",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate Applicator",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate Oral Rinse",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate Oral Rinse",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate Solution 0.05%",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate Solution 0.75% Antiseptic",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate Solution 0.75% Antiseptic",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate Solution USP 20%",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate, 0.12% Oral Rinse",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate, 0.12% Oral Rinse Solution",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate, 0.12% Oral Rinse Solution",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate, 0.12% Oral Rinse Solution",
"Chlorhexidine Liq 0.05%",
"Chlorhexidine Solution",
"Chlorhexidine-cetrimide Soltn Conc",
"Chlorhexseptic-liq 0.5mg/ml",
"Cida-stat Foam",
"Cida-stat Liq",
"CleanCare Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.12% Oral Rinse",
"CliniClean",
"CliniClean",
"CLIP Liquid Sanitizer",
"DASH Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.12% Oral Rinse",
"DASH Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.12% Oral Rinse",
"DASH Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.12% Oral Rinse",
"Denti-Care Denti-Rinse Chlorhexidine Gluconate Oral Rinse",
"Denticare Chlorhexidine Gluconate Oral Rinse 0.12%",
"DEQGEL Advanced Hand Sanitizer",
"DermacinRx Clorhexacin",
"DermacinRx Surgical ComboPak",
"DermacinRx Surgical PharmaPak",
"Dermawerx Surgical Plus Pak",
"Dermawerx Surgical PrePak",
"Dermsafe Chlorhexidine Gluconate Hand Sanitizer Lotion",
"Dermsafe Pc",
"Dexidin 0.5 Solution",
"Dexidin 2 Detergent",
"Dexidin 2 Solution",
"Dexidin 20",
"Dexidin Liq 4%",
"Dexlido M-C",
"Disinfectant Fabric Wash",
"Disinfectant Spray(Speedy effect type)",
"Disinfectant Wet Tissues",
"Dr. Dean",
"Dr. Dean",
"Dr. Luke Molluscum Wart Remover",
"Dr. Luke Wart Remover",
"Dr. Zheng s acteriostatic gel",
"Dyna-Hex 2",
"Dyna-Hex 2",
"Dyna-hex 2",
"Dyna-hex 2",
"Dyna-hex 4",
"Dyna-Hex 4",
"Dyna-Hex 75",
"Dyural 80 LM-C",
"Dyural LM- C",
"E-Z Scrub 107",
"E-Z Scrub 747 4%",
"E-Z Scrub Antimicrobial Foam Solution Containing 4% Chg",
"Endure 400 Scrub-Stat 4",
"Endure 400 Scrub-Stat 4",
"Endure 420 Cida-Stat",
"Endure 420 Cida-Stat",
"Euro-chlorhexidine",
"Eyewash Station Additive Concentrate",
"Eyewash Station Additive Concentrate",
"Eyewash Station Additive Concentrate",
"Eyewash Station Additive Concentrate",
"Eyewash Station Additive Concentrate",
"Eyewash Station Additive Concentrate",
"Eyewash Station Additive Concentrate",
"Eyewash Station Additive Concentrate",
"Ezy-TM",
"First Aid Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Flamazine C",
"Foam Care Chg Surgical Hand Scrub",
"Foam Care Chg Surgical Hand Scrub",
"Foam Safe",
"Foaming Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Foaming Hand Antiseptic With Chg 2%",
"Foaming Hand Wash",
"Foster and Thrive",
"Foster and Thrive",
"Freeman Packing Alcohol Wipe",
"Gelato Chlorohexidine",
"Germi Stat Gel 2%",
"Germi Stat Gel 4%",
"Germi-stat 0.5% Antiseptic Prep Gel",
"Germi-stat 2% Foaming Liquid",
"Germi-stat Prep Gel",
"Gum Paroex",
"Halyard Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Halyard Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"Hand Sanitizer",
"Hand Sanitizer",
"Hand Sanitizer",
"Hand Sanitizer",
"Hand Sanitizer",
"Hand Sanitizer",
"Hand Sanitizer",
"Hand Sanitizer Biokaab",
"Hand Sanitizer Gel Biokaab",
"Hand Wipes",
"Hand Wipes",
"Hand Wipes",
"Hand wipes",
"Hands-free skin sanitizer",
"HandSoap",
"Henry Schein Antimicrobial Skin Cleanser",
"Hexicinide",
"Hexifoam-skin Disinfectant Aer 1%",
"Hexirex Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Hibiclens",
"Hibiclens",
"Hibiclens",
"Hibiclens",
"Hibiclens",
"Hibiclens",
"Hibiclens Antiseptic/antimicrobial Skin Cleanser",
"Hibiclens for Georgia Pacific",
"Hibidil",
"Hibistat",
"Hibistat Germicidal Hand Rinse",
"Hibitane Skin Cleanser",
"Hibitane Skin Cleanser 2%",
"Hibitane Skin Cleanser 4%",
"Hibitane Skin Cleanser Liq 4%",
"Hospicare 40R Adult Body Wipes",
"HYDROGEL ESSENCE Antimicrobial Virginal Gel.",
"Hygenipak 2% Chg Foaming Skin Cleanser",
"Hygenipak 2% Chg Skin Cleanser",
"Hygienipak 4% Chg Foaming Skin Cleanser",
"Hygienipak 4% Chg Skin Cleanser",
"Hygienium",
"Ic-gel",
"ICEKING Skin Expert Refreshing Body Roller",
"Instillagel",
"JIANLIANG Antibacterial Sprays 10mL",
"Jisberry Hand Sanitizer",
"Kimvent Oral Care Q2 Kit with CHG",
"Kimvent Oral Care Q2 Kit with CHG",
"KIMVENT ORAL CARE Q4 Kit WITH CHG",
"KIMVENT ORAL CARE Q4 Kit WITH CHG",
"KleerSight",
"LARA MED Antibacterial Wet Wipes",
"Laura Line Antibacterial Cream Soap 2%",
"Laura Line Chlorhexidine Antiseptic Soap",
"Liquivida Hydration",
"Liszt Hand sanitizer without washing",
"Loris - I.V.",
"Loris 2% Chg Body Cleanser/nettoyant Pour Le Corps",
"Loris 2% Chg Solution",
"Loris 2% Chg Wipe/serviette",
"Loris I.V. Pro - Prefilled Applicator With Solution",
"Loris I.V. Pro - Sponge",
"Loris I.V. Pro - Swabstick",
"Major Oral Rinse",
"Major Oral Rinse",
"Major Oral Rinse",
"Maxiclens Chlorhexidine gluconate Liquid Solution, 4%",
"Maxiclens Chlorhexidine Gluconate Liquid Solution, 4%",
"Medifresh Hand Skin Antiseptic Disinfectant Wet Wipes",
"Microban Medical",
"Mlk F4-C",
"Motherwort Herb Feminine Antibacterial Gels",
"Motherwort Herb Feminine Antibacterial Gels",
"Noble 75% Alcohol Wipes",
"NUPRO Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"NUPRO Chlorhexidine Gluconate",
"NuSurgePak Surgical Prep/CarePak",
"NuSurgePak Surgical Prep/CarePak",
"Oral Cleansing and Suctioning System, q2",
"Oral Cleansing and Suctioning System, q4",
"Oris Chx",
"Oro Clear",
"Oro-clense",
"Oronine H Ointment 1%",
"Ostar Antimicrobial Hand Soap 2% - Liquid",
"Paroex",
"Paroex",
"Peridex",
"Peridex",
"Peridex",
"Peridex",
"Peridex Oral Rinse",
"Peridex Oral Rinse 0.12%",
"PerioChip",
"PerioChip",
"Periogard",
"Periogard",
"Periogard",
"Periogard",
"Periogard (Chlorhexidine Gluconate)",
"Periogard Alcohol Free",
"Periogard Alcohol Free",
"Periogard Alcohol Free",
"Periogard Alcohol Free",
"Perioselect Antimicrobial Sol 0.12%",
"PhysiciansCare Eyewash Station Additive Concentrate",
"Plant Herb Based Bacteriostatic Feminine Wash",
"PMS-chlorhexidine",
"PMS-chlorhexidine Without Alcohol",
"Pre and Post Sx Pouch",
"Pre-moistened Towelette",
"Pre-Scrub II Surgical Hand Scrub",
"Prevantics Maxi Swabstick",
"Prevantics Swab",
"Prevantics swabstick",
"Prevantics Swabstick",
"Prevora Stage 1",
"Pro-dentx Chlorhexidene Oral Rinse",
"Protective Hand",
"Protective Hand",
"Provon Antimicrobial Foam Handwash",
"Provon Antimicrobial Foam Handwash",
"Provon Antiseptic Lotion Soap With 2% Chg",
"PS1 Aciurgy Pack",
"PS2 Aciurgy Pack",
"Purell Antimicrobial Foam",
"Purell Antimicrobial Foam Handwash 2% Chg",
"Purell CS Foam Handwash 2% CHG",
"Purmist",
"Purmist",
"Purmist",
"Purmist",
"Purmist",
"Q2 Oral Care Kit with CHG",
"QCare Rx Oral Cleansing and Suctioning System",
"QCare Rx Oral Cleansing and Suctioning System",
"QCare Rx Oral Cleansing and Suctioning System",
"QCare Rx Oral Cleansing and Suctioning System, Q2",
"QCare Rx Oral Cleansing and Suctioning System, Q4",
"QCare Rx Oral Cleansing and Suctioning System, Q4",
"QCare Rx Petite Oral Cleansing and Suctioning System",
"Quick-Drying Hand Sanitizer",
"Quick-drying rinse-free hand skin disinfectant",
"ReadyPrep CHG",
"Rougier Clean Derm",
"Rougier Vap-chlorhexidine Gluconate 2% W/V",
"Rouhex G 20%",
"Rouhex G 4%",
"Rouhex G Liq 2%",
"Rugby Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"SAITENM Health Wet wipes",
"Salvesept Crm",
"SANIDEP Advanced Sanitizer with Organic Extracts",
"Sanital Antibacterial Hand Soap",
"Savlodil",
"Savlon Hospital Concentrate",
"Scrub",
"Scrub Care",
"Scrub Care Exidine -4 CHG",
"Scrub Care Exidine -4 CHG",
"Scrub Care Exidine-2 CHG",
"Scrub Care Exidine-2 CHG",
"Scrub Care Exidine-2 CHG",
"Scrub Care Exidine-2 CHG",
"Scrub Care Surgical Scrub Brush/nail Cleaner With Exidine 4",
"Scrub Stat 4 Foam Liq",
"Scrub-Stat",
"Scrub-Stat",
"Scrub-Stat",
"Scrub-Stat",
"Scrub-stat IV 4%",
"Scrub, Scrub-Stat",
"Scrub, Scrub-Stat, Foam Safe, Micro-Guard",
"Scrub, Scrub-Stat, Foam Safe, Micro-Guard",
"Scrub, Scrub-Stat, Foam Safe, Micro-Guard",
"Scrub, Scrub-Stat, Foam Safe, Micro-Guard",
"Seaqua X",
"Selpak Antibacterial Wet Wipes",
"Septi-san",
"Serdaen",
"Serdaen",
"Skin Antisepsis, Oral Cleansing and Nasal Antisepsis System",
"Skin Antisepsis, Oral Cleansing and Nasal Antisepsis System",
"Skin antisepsis, oral cleansing, nasal antisepsis",
"Skin antisepsis, oral cleansing, nasal antisepsis",
"Skin antisepsis, oral cleansing, nasal antisepsis",
"Skinvisible Chlorhexidine Formula Hand Sanitizer Lotion",
"Sky Oral Rinse",
"Smart San CHG",
"Smart Sense Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Smart Sense Antiseptic Skin Cleanser",
"Soft Care 2% Chg Antimicrobial Skin Cleanser",
"Soft Care Antiseptic Hand Soap",
"Solunet C Brosse 4%",
"Soluprep",
"Soluprep Antiseptic Skin Cleanser Preoperative Kit",
"Soluprep Antiseptic Skin Cleanser Sponge",
"Soluprep Applicator",
"Soluprep AQ",
"Soluprep AQ Applicator",
"Soluprep AQ Sponge",
"Soluprep AQ Swab",
"Soluprep AQ Wipe",
"Soluprep Ld Sponge",
"Soluprep Qd Solution",
"Soluprep Qd Swab",
"Soluprep Qd Wipe",
"Soluprep Swab",
"Soluprep Wipe",
"Spectro Gram 2 Skin Cleanser",
"Spectro Tar Antiseptic Shampoo",
"Spray On Plastic Bandage Aerosol",
"Spray On Plastic Bandage Non-aerosol",
"Stanhexidine 2% With Isopropyl Alcohol 4%",
"Stanhexidine 20%",
"Stanhexidine 4% With Isopropyl Alcohol 4%",
"Stanhexidine Aqueous 2% With 4% Isopropyl Alcohol",
"Stanhexidine Red Tincture 0.5%",
"Stat Touch 2 Antimicrobial Skin Cleanser",
"Steri-clean",
"Steri-stat Liq 2.0%",
"Steri-stat Liq 20%",
"Steri-stat Liq 4.0%",
"Steri-stat Tincture (tinted) Antis Prep Gel",
"Sterigel Plus",
"Sterixin 0.05%",
"Sunberry Rinse free Hand Sanitizer",
"Surgical and healthcare personnel hand antiseptic with moisturizers",
"Surgical Continuum System",
"Tai Yu Ling Antibacterial Sprays 10mL",
"Ultrastat",
"Wart removal",
"Wart Removal Pen",
"Wart Removal Pen",
"Wart Remover Ointment.",
"WhyteDerm SurgiPak",
"X-pur Chlorhexidine",
"Yu Ding Antibacterial Sprays 10mL",
"Zappy Ultimate Antiseptic Wipes",
"Zedoary Oils Feminine Antibacterial Gels"
] |
[
"Cida-Stat",
"Corsodyl",
"DentiSept",
"Dyna-Hex",
"Exidine",
"Hexadol",
"Hibiscrub",
"Hibitane",
"Microderm",
"Periogard Oral Rinse",
"Pharmaseal Scrub Care",
"Prevacare R",
"Rotersept",
"Sterilon",
"Tubulicid"
] |
[
"Purmist",
"Purmist",
"Purmist",
"Purmist",
"Hibistat",
"Skin antisepsis, oral cleansing, nasal antisepsis",
"QCare Rx Oral Cleansing and Suctioning System, Q4",
"QCare Rx Oral Cleansing and Suctioning System",
"QCare Rx Oral Cleansing and Suctioning System, Q4",
"QCare Rx Oral Cleansing and Suctioning System, Q2",
"Oral Cleansing and Suctioning System, q2",
"KIMVENT ORAL CARE Q4 Kit WITH CHG",
"Dermawerx Surgical PrePak",
"Dermawerx Surgical Plus Pak",
"Hand Wipes",
"KIMVENT ORAL CARE Q4 Kit WITH CHG",
"Hand Wipes",
"QCare Rx Oral Cleansing and Suctioning System",
"QCare Rx Oral Cleansing and Suctioning System",
"Freeman Packing Alcohol Wipe",
"QCare Rx Petite Oral Cleansing and Suctioning System",
"Kimvent Oral Care Q2 Kit with CHG",
"WhyteDerm SurgiPak",
"Q2 Oral Care Kit with CHG",
"Hand Wipes",
"Skin Antisepsis, Oral Cleansing and Nasal Antisepsis System",
"Hand wipes",
"Chlora-cleanze",
"NuSurgePak Surgical Prep/CarePak",
"DermacinRx Surgical PharmaPak",
"DermacinRx Clorhexacin",
"DermacinRx Surgical ComboPak",
"Skin antisepsis, oral cleansing, nasal antisepsis",
"Skin antisepsis, oral cleansing, nasal antisepsis",
"ICEKING Skin Expert Refreshing Body Roller",
"Smart San CHG",
"Skin Antisepsis, Oral Cleansing and Nasal Antisepsis System",
"Prevantics Swab",
"3M SoluPrep",
"3M SoluPrep",
"3M Avagard",
"ChloraPrep One-Step",
"Eyewash Station Additive Concentrate",
"PhysiciansCare Eyewash Station Additive Concentrate",
"Pre and Post Sx Pouch",
"Prevantics swabstick",
"Prevantics Maxi Swabstick",
"Liquivida Hydration",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate Applicator",
"Chlorhexidine Gluconate Applicator",
"Hexicinide",
"Disinfectant Spray(Speedy effect type)",
"Quick-Drying Hand Sanitizer",
"Jisberry Hand Sanitizer",
"Sunberry Rinse free Hand Sanitizer",
"HandSoap",
"Quick-drying rinse-free hand skin disinfectant",
"(Fruli) Quick-Dry Disposable Hand Sanitizer",
"Hands-free skin sanitizer",
"Liszt Hand sanitizer without washing",
"Hand Sanitizer Gel Biokaab",
"SANIDEP Advanced Sanitizer with Organic Extracts",
"Hand Sanitizer Biokaab",
"DEQGEL Advanced Hand Sanitizer",
"(Qiqing) Chlorhexidine Gluconate Alcohol Disinfectant",
"Prevantics Swabstick",
"Alcohol Antibacterial Wipes",
"Kimvent Oral Care Q2 Kit with CHG",
"Oral Cleansing and Suctioning System, q4",
"NuSurgePak Surgical Prep/CarePak",
"Alcohol Disinfectant Wipes",
"Hand Sanitizer",
"B-good Hand and Skin Disinfecting Agent",
"Hand Sanitizer",
"Medifresh Hand Skin Antiseptic Disinfectant Wet Wipes",
"CLIP Liquid Sanitizer",
"SAITENM Health Wet wipes",
"Hand Sanitizer",
"Hand Sanitizer",
"Hand Sanitizer",
"Hand Sanitizer",
"Hand Sanitizer",
"Eyewash Station Additive Concentrate",
"Surgical and healthcare personnel hand antiseptic with moisturizers",
"Noble 75% Alcohol Wipes",
"Eyewash Station Additive Concentrate",
"Hygienium",
"PS1 Aciurgy Pack",
"PS2 Aciurgy Pack",
"Germi-stat 0.5% Antiseptic Prep Gel",
"Stanhexidine 2% With Isopropyl Alcohol 4%",
"Stanhexidine 4% With Isopropyl Alcohol 4%",
"Soluprep Qd Wipe",
"Soluprep Qd Swab",
"ChloraPrep One-Step",
"Soluprep",
"Dexidin 0.5 Solution",
"Sterigel Plus",
"Germi-stat Prep Gel",
"Chlorhexidine and Isopropyl Alcohol Swabsticks",
"Chlorhexidine and Isopropyl Alcohol Prep Pads",
"Avagard Chg",
"Stanhexidine Aqueous 2% With 4% Isopropyl Alcohol",
"Baxedin 2% - 70%",
"Instillagel",
"Loris - I.V.",
"Soluprep Swab",
"Soluprep Applicator",
"Soluprep Wipe",
"3m Soluprep Sponge",
"Chlorhexidine 0.5% Liq",
"Spectro Tar Antiseptic Shampoo",
"Hexifoam-skin Disinfectant Aer 1%",
"Foam Care Chg Surgical Hand Scrub",
"Foam Care Chg Surgical Hand Scrub",
"Ic-gel",
"Steri-stat Liq 4.0%",
"Burn O Sol Spray",
"Cida-stat Foam",
"Bioprep Liq",
"Steri-stat Tincture (tinted) Antis Prep Gel",
"Savlon Hospital Concentrate",
"Savlodil",
"Salvesept Crm",
"Chloraprep Liq 0.5%",
"Ultrastat",
"Cida-stat Liq",
"Soft Care Antiseptic Hand Soap",
"Septi-san",
"Bioprep",
"Bioprep",
"Hibistat Germicidal Hand Rinse",
"Microban Medical",
"Flamazine C",
"Scrub-stat IV 4%",
"Chlorhexidine-cetrimide Soltn Conc",
"Soluprep Qd Solution",
"Purmist",
"Loris I.V. Pro - Prefilled Applicator With Solution",
"Loris I.V. Pro - Swabstick",
"Loris I.V. Pro - Sponge",
"Chloraprep",
"Eyewash Station Additive Concentrate",
"Eyewash Station Additive Concentrate",
"Eyewash Station Additive Concentrate",
"Eyewash Station Additive Concentrate",
"Chloraprep Swabsticks",
"Eyewash Station Additive Concentrate",
"3M SoluPrep S",
"3M SoluPrep S",
"Wart Remover Ointment.",
"Dr. Luke Molluscum Wart Remover",
"Dr. Luke Wart Remover",
"Wart removal",
"Wart Removal Pen",
"Wart Removal Pen",
"Zappy Ultimate Antiseptic Wipes",
"ChloraPrep Swabstick",
"Dyural 80 LM-C",
"Dexlido M-C",
"Betalido-C",
"Mlk F4-C",
"Dyural LM- C"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"P02768"
] |
[] |
DB00879
|
Emtricitabine
|
Emtricitabine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) indicated for the treatment of HIV infection in adults[L9019] or combined with [tenofovir alafenamide] for the prevention of HIV-1 infection in high risk adolescents and adults.[L9010] Emtricitabine is a cytidine analogue.[L9019] The drug works by inhibiting HIV reverse transcriptase, preventing transcription of HIV RNA to DNA.[L9019]
Emtricitabine was granted FDA approval on 2 July 2003.[L9019]
|
solid
|
Emtricitabine is indicated in combination with other medications for the treatment of HIV-1 infections in adults and children.[L9019,L9587,L9836,L9833,L9839,L9842,L9647,L9845,L9848,L44226,L50522] As different products of emtricitabine are approved for use in patients with certain characteristics, refer to the individual drug product for patient eligibility for drug treatment. It may be used for pre-exposure prophylaxis of HIV-1 in adolescents and adults.[L4388,L9010]
|
Emtricitabine is a cytidine analog that competes with the natural substrate of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase to be incorporated into newly formed DNA, terminating its transcription.[L9019] It is administered once daily so it has a long duration of action. Patients should be counselled regarding the risk of lactic acidosis and hepatomegaly with steatosis.[L9019]
|
Emtricitabine is a cytidine analog which, when phosphorylated to emtricitabine 5'-triphosphate, competes with deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate for HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.[L9019] As HIV-1 reverse transcriptase incorporates emtricitabine into forming DNA strands, new nucleotides are unable to be incorporated, leading to viral DNA chain termination.[L9019] Inhibition of reverse transcriptase prevents transcription of viral RNA into DNA, therefore the virus is unable to incorporate its DNA into host DNA and replicate using host cell machinery. This reduces viral load.[A187688]
|
Emtricitabine reaches a C<sub>max</sub> of 1.8±0.7µg/mL with a T<sub>max</sub> of 1-2 hours, and has an AUC of 10±3.1µg\*hr/mL.[L9019] The bioavailability of emtricitabine capsules is 93% and the bioavailability of the oral solution is 75%.[L9019] Taking emtricitabine with food decreases the C<sub>max</sub> by 29%.[L9019
|
Emtricitabine is approximately 86% unmetabolized.[L9019] Approximately 9% of a dose is metabolized to 3'-sulfoxide diastereomers, 4% to the 2'-O-glucuronide, and a minor amount is converted to 5-fluorocytosine.[A187643,L9019]
|
The LD<sub>50</sub> of emtricitabine is not readily available.[9019,L9818]
Symptoms of emtricitabine toxicity include hepatotoxicity with steatosis, as well as lactic acidosis.[L9019] Treat overdose with symptomatic and supportive measures, including hemodialysis.[L9019]
|
The half life of emtricitabine is approximately 10 hours.[L9019]
|
Emtricitabine is <4% bound to plasma proteins,[L9019] mainly serum albumin.[A19948]
|
Emtricitabine is 86% recovered in the urine and 14% recovered in feces.[L9019] 13% of the dose is recovered in the urine as metabolites; 9% as 3'-sulfoxide diastereomers and 4% as 2'-O-glucuronide.[L9019]
|
The apparent central volume of distribution is 42.3L and the peripheral volume of distribution is 55.4L.[A187673]
|
Emtricitabine has an apparent elimination rate of 15.1L/h.[A187673] This rate is closely linked to creatinine clearance.[A187673]
|
Organic compounds
|
Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues
|
Nucleoside and nucleotide analogues
|
3'-thia pyrimidine nucleosides
|
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[
"J05AR",
"J05A",
"J05",
"J",
"J05AR",
"J05A",
"J05",
"J",
"J05AR",
"J05A",
"J05",
"J",
"J05AF",
"J05A",
"J05",
"J",
"J05AR",
"J05A",
"J05",
"J",
"J05AR",
"J05A",
"J05",
"J",
"J05AR",
"J05A",
"J05",
"J",
"J05AR",
"J05A",
"J05",
"J",
"J05AR",
"J05A",
"J05",
"J",
"J05AR",
"J05A",
"J05",
"J"
] |
[
"Human Immunodeficiency Virus"
] |
[
{
"cost": "21.75",
"description": "Emtriva 200 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "2008-07-22",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2010-02-01",
"number": "7402588"
},
{
"approved": "2004-11-30",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2011-01-31",
"number": "2075189"
},
{
"approved": "2010-09-21",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2022-02-02",
"number": "7800788"
},
{
"approved": "1999-06-22",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2018-01-02",
"number": "5914331"
},
{
"approved": "2000-03-28",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2018-01-25",
"number": "6043230"
},
{
"approved": "1998-09-29",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2017-03-29",
"number": "5814639"
},
{
"approved": "2005-09-06",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2018-07-20",
"number": "6939964"
},
{
"approved": "2003-10-28",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2018-08-14",
"number": "6639071"
},
{
"approved": "2003-11-04",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2021-05-04",
"number": "6642245"
},
{
"approved": "2004-03-09",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2021-09-09",
"number": "6703396"
},
{
"approved": "1999-07-13",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2018-01-25",
"number": "5922695"
},
{
"approved": "1999-08-10",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2018-01-25",
"number": "5935946"
},
{
"approved": "1999-11-02",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2018-01-25",
"number": "5977089"
},
{
"approved": "2013-11-26",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2024-01-13",
"number": "8592397"
},
{
"approved": "2014-05-06",
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"number": "8716264"
},
{
"approved": "2015-04-28",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2026-06-13",
"number": "9018192"
},
{
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"number": "8598185"
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{
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"number": "7125879"
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{
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{
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"number": "8080551"
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{
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"number": "8101629"
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{
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"number": "7067522"
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{
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"number": "8148374"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"number": "9296769"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"number": "10786518"
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{
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{
"approved": "2016-11-08",
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"number": "11744802"
}
] |
(−)-(2R,5S)-5-fluoro-1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]cytosine | (−)-2'-deoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine | (−)-cis-4-amino-5-fluoro-1-(2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)-(1H)-pyrimidin-2-one | (−)-FTC | (−)-β-2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine | (2R-cis)-4-amino-5-fluoro-1-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)-2(1H)-pyrimidinone | 4-amino-5-fluoro-1-((2R,5S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one | 4-Amino-5-fluoro-1-((2R,5S)-2-hydroxymethyl-[1,3]oxathiolan-5-yl)-1H-pyrimidin-2-one | 5-fluoro-1-((2R,5S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)cytosine | Emtricitabin | Emtricitabina | Emtricitabine | Emtricitabinum | Pr160Gag-Pol | 2.7.1.74 | dCK | Deoxyadenosine kinase | Deoxyguanosine kinase | hMATE-1 | MATE-1 | MATE1 | Solute carrier family 47 member 1
|
[
"Ag-emtricitabine / Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Apo-efavirenz-emtricitabine-tenofovir",
"Apo-emtricitabine-tenofovir",
"Atripla",
"Atripla",
"Atripla",
"Atripla",
"Atripla",
"Atripla",
"Atripla",
"Atripla",
"Atripla",
"Atripla",
"Atripla",
"Atripla Access",
"Auro-efavirenz-emtricitabine-tenofovir",
"Auro-emtricitabine-tenofovir",
"Biktarvy",
"Biktarvy",
"Biktarvy",
"Biktarvy",
"Biktarvy",
"Biktarvy",
"Biktarvy",
"Biktarvy",
"Biktarvy",
"Biktarvy",
"Biktarvy",
"Biktarvy",
"Complera",
"Complera",
"Complera",
"Complera",
"Complera",
"Complera",
"COMPLERA Access",
"Descovy",
"Descovy",
"Descovy",
"Descovy",
"Descovy",
"Descovy",
"Descovy",
"Descovy",
"Descovy",
"Descovy",
"Descovy",
"Efavirenz, Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Efavirenz, Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Efavirenz, Emtricitabine And Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Efavirenz, Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Efavirenz, Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Efavirenz, Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Efavirenz, emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Efavirenz, Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Efavirenz, Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Efavirenz/emtricita Bine/tenofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Efavirenz/emtricita Bine/tenofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Efavirenz/emtricita Bine/tenofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Efavirenz/emtricita Bine/tenofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Efavirenz/emtricita Bine/tenofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Efavirenz/emtricita Bine/tenofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Efavirenz/emtricita Bine/tenofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Efavirenz/emtricitabine/ Tenofovir Disoproxil Krka",
"Efavirenz/emtricitabine/ Tenofovir Disoproxil Krka",
"Efavirenz/emtricitabine/ Tenofovir Disoproxil Zentiva",
"Efavirenz/emtricitabine/ Tenofovir Disoproxil Zentiva",
"Emtricitabine",
"Emtricitabine",
"Emtricitabine",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine/TDF",
"Emtricitabine/ten Ofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Emtricitabine/ten Ofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Emtricitabine/ten Ofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Emtricitabine/ten Ofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Emtricitabine/teno Fovir Disoproxil Krka",
"Emtricitabine/teno Fovir Disoproxil Krka",
"Emtricitabine/teno Fovir Disoproxil Krka",
"Emtricitabine/teno Fovir Disoproxil Krka",
"Emtricitabine/teno Fovir Disoproxil Krka",
"Emtricitabine/teno Fovir Disoproxil Krka D.D.",
"Emtricitabine/teno Fovir Disoproxil Krka D.D.",
"Emtricitabine/teno Fovir Disoproxil Krka D.D.",
"Emtricitabine/teno Fovir Disoproxil Krka D.D.",
"Emtricitabine/tenofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Emtricitabine/tenofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Emtricitabine/tenofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Emtricitabine/tenofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Emtricitabine/tenofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Emtricitabine/tenofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Emtricitabine/tenofovir Disoproxil Zentiva",
"Emtricitabine/tenofovir Disoproxil Zentiva",
"Emtriva",
"Emtriva",
"Emtriva",
"Emtriva",
"Emtriva",
"Emtriva",
"Emtriva",
"Emtriva",
"Emtriva",
"Emtriva",
"Emtriva",
"Eviplera",
"Eviplera",
"Genvoya",
"Genvoya",
"Genvoya",
"Genvoya",
"Genvoya",
"Genvoya",
"Genvoya",
"Genvoya",
"Jamp Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Jamp Emtricitabine/tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Mint-emtricitabine/tenofovir",
"Mylan-efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Mylan-emtricitabine/tenofovir Disoproxil",
"Odefsey",
"Odefsey",
"Odefsey",
"Odefsey",
"Odefsey",
"Odefsey",
"PMS-efavirenz-emtricitabine-tenofovir",
"PMS-emtricitabine-tenofovir",
"Riva-efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir",
"Sandoz Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir",
"Sandoz Emtricitabine-tenofovir",
"Stribild",
"Stribild",
"Stribild",
"Stribild",
"Stribild",
"Stribild",
"Stribild",
"Stribild",
"Stribild Access",
"Symtuza",
"Symtuza",
"Symtuza",
"Symtuza",
"Teva-efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir",
"Teva-emtricitabine/tenofovir",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada Access"
] |
[
"Coviracil"
] |
[
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Complera",
"Atripla",
"Truvada",
"Stribild",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Atripla",
"Truvada",
"Complera",
"Truvada",
"Atripla",
"Stribild",
"Atripla",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Stribild",
"Odefsey",
"Truvada",
"Genvoya",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Truvada Access",
"Stribild Access",
"Atripla Access",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Biktarvy",
"Atripla",
"Complera",
"Odefsey",
"Truvada",
"Descovy",
"Truvada",
"COMPLERA Access",
"Symtuza",
"Truvada",
"Descovy",
"Atripla",
"Genvoya",
"Complera",
"Truvada",
"Complera",
"Stribild",
"Genvoya",
"Truvada",
"Stribild",
"Truvada",
"Odefsey",
"Atripla",
"Atripla",
"Efavirenz, Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Efavirenz, Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Efavirenz, Emtricitabine And Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Efavirenz, Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Efavirenz, Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Biktarvy",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Efavirenz, Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Biktarvy",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Truvada",
"Stribild",
"Teva-efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir",
"Teva-emtricitabine/tenofovir",
"PMS-emtricitabine-tenofovir",
"Mylan-emtricitabine/tenofovir Disoproxil",
"Mylan-efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Apo-emtricitabine-tenofovir",
"Apo-efavirenz-emtricitabine-tenofovir",
"Atripla",
"Auro-efavirenz-emtricitabine-tenofovir",
"PMS-efavirenz-emtricitabine-tenofovir",
"Jamp Emtricitabine/tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Sandoz Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir",
"Sandoz Emtricitabine-tenofovir",
"Auro-emtricitabine-tenofovir",
"Ag-emtricitabine / Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Jamp Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Riva-efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir",
"Mint-emtricitabine/tenofovir",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Complera",
"Genvoya",
"Descovy",
"Descovy",
"Odefsey",
"Symtuza",
"Biktarvy",
"Efavirenz, emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Descovy",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Efavirenz, Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Biktarvy",
"Emtricitabine/TDF",
"Efavirenz, Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate",
"Biktarvy",
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate",
"Genvoya",
"Genvoya",
"Genvoya",
"Genvoya",
"Atripla",
"Atripla",
"Odefsey",
"Odefsey",
"Stribild",
"Stribild",
"Eviplera",
"Eviplera",
"Descovy",
"Descovy",
"Descovy",
"Descovy",
"Descovy",
"Descovy",
"Efavirenz/emtricita Bine/tenofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Efavirenz/emtricita Bine/tenofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Efavirenz/emtricita Bine/tenofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Efavirenz/emtricita Bine/tenofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Efavirenz/emtricita Bine/tenofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Efavirenz/emtricita Bine/tenofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Efavirenz/emtricita Bine/tenofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Efavirenz/emtricitabine/ Tenofovir Disoproxil Zentiva",
"Efavirenz/emtricitabine/ Tenofovir Disoproxil Zentiva",
"Emtricitabine/teno Fovir Disoproxil Krka",
"Emtricitabine/teno Fovir Disoproxil Krka",
"Emtricitabine/teno Fovir Disoproxil Krka",
"Emtricitabine/teno Fovir Disoproxil Krka",
"Emtricitabine/teno Fovir Disoproxil Krka",
"Emtricitabine/teno Fovir Disoproxil Krka D.D.",
"Emtricitabine/teno Fovir Disoproxil Krka D.D.",
"Emtricitabine/teno Fovir Disoproxil Krka D.D.",
"Emtricitabine/teno Fovir Disoproxil Krka D.D.",
"Emtricitabine/tenofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Emtricitabine/tenofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Emtricitabine/tenofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Emtricitabine/tenofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Emtricitabine/tenofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Emtricitabine/tenofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Emtricitabine/ten Ofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Emtricitabine/ten Ofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Emtricitabine/ten Ofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Emtricitabine/ten Ofovir Disoproxil Mylan",
"Emtricitabine/tenofovir Disoproxil Zentiva",
"Emtricitabine/tenofovir Disoproxil Zentiva",
"Efavirenz/emtricitabine/ Tenofovir Disoproxil Krka",
"Efavirenz/emtricitabine/ Tenofovir Disoproxil Krka",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Truvada",
"Symtuza",
"Symtuza",
"Biktarvy",
"Biktarvy",
"Biktarvy",
"Biktarvy",
"Biktarvy",
"Biktarvy"
] |
[
"P03366"
] |
[
"P27707"
] |
[
"P02768"
] |
[
"Q96FL8"
] |
DB00881
|
Quinapril
|
Quinapril is the ethyl ester prodrug of the non-sulfhydryl angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor quinaprilat.[L8420,L8423] It is used to treat hypertension and heart failure.[L8420,L8423] ACE inhibitors are commonly used as a first line therapy in the treatment of hypertension, along with thiazide diuretics or beta blockers.[A184844]
Quinapril was granted FDA approval on 19 November 1991.[L8420] A combination tablet with [hydrochlorothiazide] was also approved on 28 December 1999.[L8423]
|
solid
|
Quinapril is indicated for the treatment of hypertension and as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of heart failure.[L8420] Quinapril in combination with hydrochlorothiazide is indicated for the treatment of hypertension.[L8423]
|
Quinapril is a prodrug of an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used in the treatment of hypertension or adjunct in the treatment of heart failure.[A1329,A1331,L8420] Quinapril has a wide therapeutic window and a long duration of action as it is given in doses of 10-80mg once daily.[L8420]
|
Angiotensin II constricts coronary blood vessels and is positively inotropic, which under normal circumstances, would increase vascular resistance and oxygen consumption.[A184781] This action can eventually lead to myocyte hypertrophy and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.[A184781] Angiotensin II also stimulates production of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), increasing the risk of thrombosis.[A1331]
Quinaprilat prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme, and also reduces the breakdown of bradykinin.[A1329,A1331] Reduced levels of angiotensin II lead to lower levels of PAI-1, reducing the risk of thrombosis, especially after a myocardial infarction.[A1331]
|
Quinapril if 50-80% bioavailable.[A1329] Quinapril has a T<sub>max</sub> of <1 hour,[L8420] while quinaprilat has a T<sub>max</sub> of 2.5h.[A1329] The C<sub>max</sub> of quinaprilat is highly variable but reaches 1526ng/mL with an AUC of 2443ng\*h/mL in healthy males given a 10mg dose.[A1329] A high fat meal reduces the absorption of quinapril by 25-30%.[A1329]
|
Quinapril is de-esterified to the active quinaprilat or dehydrated to form the inactive PD109488.[A1329,A184943] PD109488 can undergo O-deethylation to form another inactive metabolite, PD113413.[A1329,A184943]
|
The oral LD<sub>50</sub> in rats is 3541mg/kg and in mice is 1739mg/kg.[L8429]
Patients experiencing an overdose may present with symptoms of severe hypotension.[L8420,L8423] Due to the extensive protein binding of quinapril and the active metabolite quinaprilat, hemodialysis is not expected to remove the drug from circulation.[L8420,L8423] Treat patients with symptomatic and supportive measures, including normal saline infusions to restore normal blood pressure.[L8420,L8423]
|
The active metabolite quinaprilat has an elimination half life of 2.3 hours.[A1329,L8420]
|
Quinapril and the active metabolite quinaprilat are 97% protein bound in plasma.[L8420,L8423]
|
Quinaprilat is up to 96% eliminated in the urine.[L8420] The eliminated metabolites PD109488 and PD113413 account for approximately 6% of a dose of quinapril each.[A1329,A184943] A small fraction of the dose recovered in the urine is accounted for by unmetabolized quinapril.[A184943]
|
The mean volume of distribution of quinaprilat is 13.9L.[A1329]
|
The clearance of quinaprilat is 68mL/min.[A1329]
|
Organic compounds
|
Organic acids and derivatives
|
Carboxylic acids and derivatives
|
Amino acids, peptides, and analogues
|
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[
"C09AA",
"C09A",
"C09",
"C",
"C09BA",
"C09B",
"C09",
"C"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.27",
"description": "Quinapril HCl 10 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.27",
"description": "Quinapril HCl 20 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.27",
"description": "Quinapril HCl 40 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.27",
"description": "Quinapril HCl 5 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.27",
"description": "Quinaretic 10-12.5 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.27",
"description": "Quinaretic 20-12.5 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.27",
"description": "Quinaretic 20-25 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.57",
"description": "Quinapril 10 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.57",
"description": "Quinapril 20 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.57",
"description": "Quinapril 40 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.57",
"description": "Quinapril 5 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "2.02",
"description": "Accupril 10 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "2.02",
"description": "Accupril 20 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "2.02",
"description": "Accupril 40 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "2.02",
"description": "Accupril 5 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.96",
"description": "Accupril 10 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.96",
"description": "Accupril 20 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.96",
"description": "Accupril 40 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.96",
"description": "Accupril 5 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "1997-11-04",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2015-05-04",
"number": "5684016"
},
{
"approved": "2003-01-14",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2010-08-10",
"number": "2023089"
},
{
"approved": "1994-08-23",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2011-08-23",
"number": "1331615"
}
] |
Quinapril | Quinaprilum | 3.4.15.1 | ACE | DCP | DCP1 | Dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase I | Kininase II | ACAT | Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase | Brain carboxylesterase hBr1 | Carboxylesterase 1 | CE-1 | CEH | CES2 | Cholesteryl ester hydrolase | Cocaine carboxylesterase | Egasyn | hCE-1 | HMSE | Methylumbelliferyl-acetate deacetylase 1 | Monocyte/macrophage serine esterase | REH | Retinyl ester hydrolase | Serine esterase 1 | SES1 | TGH | Triacylglycerol hydrolase | Intestinal H(+)/peptide cotransporter | Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform | PEPT1 | Peptide transporter 1 | Kidney H(+)/peptide cotransporter | Oligopeptide transporter, kidney isoform | PEPT2 | Peptide transporter 2 | hOAT3 | OAT3 | Organic anion/dicarboxylate exchanger | Solute carrier family 22 member 8
|
[
"Accupril",
"Accupril",
"Accupril",
"Accupril",
"Accupril",
"Accupril",
"Accupril",
"Accupril",
"Accupril",
"Accupril",
"Accupril",
"Accupril",
"Accupril",
"Accupril",
"Accupril",
"Accupril 5mg Tab",
"Accupril Tab 10mg",
"Accupril Tab 20mg",
"Accupril Tab 40mg",
"Accuretic",
"Accuretic",
"Accuretic",
"Accuretic",
"Accuretic",
"Accuretic",
"Accuretic",
"Accuretic",
"Accuretic",
"Apo-quinapril",
"Apo-quinapril",
"Apo-quinapril",
"Apo-quinapril",
"Apo-quinapril / Hctz Tablets",
"Apo-quinapril / Hctz Tablets",
"Apo-quinapril / Hctz Tablets",
"Apo-quinapril/hctz",
"Apo-quinapril/hctz",
"Apo-quinapril/hctz",
"Auro-quinapril",
"Auro-quinapril",
"Auro-quinapril",
"Auro-quinapril",
"Auro-quinapril Hctz",
"Auro-quinapril Hctz",
"Auro-quinapril Hctz",
"Gd-quinapril",
"Gd-quinapril",
"Gd-quinapril",
"Gd-quinapril",
"Gd-quinapril Hctz",
"Gd-quinapril Hctz",
"Gd-quinapril Hctz",
"Jamp Quinapril",
"Jamp Quinapril",
"Jamp Quinapril",
"Jamp Quinapril",
"Jamp Quinapril / Hctz",
"Jamp Quinapril / Hctz",
"PMS-quinapril",
"PMS-quinapril",
"PMS-quinapril",
"PMS-quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril",
"Quinapril and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril and Hydrochlorothiazide 10/12.5",
"Quinapril and Hydrochlorothiazide 20/12.5",
"Quinapril and Hydrochlorothiazide 20/25",
"Quinapril HCL and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril HCL and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril HCL and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride/Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride/hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride/hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride/hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinaretic",
"Quinaretic",
"Quinaretic",
"Taro-quinapril",
"Taro-quinapril",
"Taro-quinapril",
"Taro-quinapril",
"Teva-quinapril/hctz",
"Teva-quinapril/hctz",
"Teva-quinapril/hctz"
] |
[
"Accuprin",
"Accupro",
"Acequin",
"Acuitel",
"Korec",
"Quinazil"
] |
[
"Quinaretic",
"Quinaretic",
"Quinaretic",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride/Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril HCL and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril HCL and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril HCL and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride/hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride/hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride/hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril and Hydrochlorothiazide 10/12.5",
"Quinapril and Hydrochlorothiazide 20/12.5",
"Quinapril and Hydrochlorothiazide 20/25",
"Accuretic",
"Accuretic",
"Accuretic",
"Accuretic",
"Accuretic",
"Accuretic",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Accuretic",
"Accuretic",
"Accuretic",
"Apo-quinapril/hctz",
"Apo-quinapril/hctz",
"Apo-quinapril/hctz",
"Gd-quinapril Hctz",
"Gd-quinapril Hctz",
"Gd-quinapril Hctz",
"Auro-quinapril Hctz",
"Auro-quinapril Hctz",
"Auro-quinapril Hctz",
"Teva-quinapril/hctz",
"Teva-quinapril/hctz",
"Teva-quinapril/hctz",
"Apo-quinapril / Hctz Tablets",
"Apo-quinapril / Hctz Tablets",
"Apo-quinapril / Hctz Tablets",
"Quinapril and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Quinapril and Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Jamp Quinapril / Hctz",
"Jamp Quinapril / Hctz"
] |
[
"P12821"
] |
[
"P23141"
] |
[
"P02768"
] |
[
"P46059",
"Q16348",
"Q8TCC7"
] |
DB00882
|
Clomifene
|
A triphenyl ethylene stilbene derivative which is an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the target tissue.
|
solid
|
Used mainly in female infertility due to anovulation (e.g. due to polycystic ovary syndrome) to induce ovulation.
|
Clomifene (previously clomiphene) is an orally administered, non steroidal, ovulatory stimulant that acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Clomifene can lead to multiple ovulation, and hence increase the risk of conceiving twins. In comparison to purified FSH, the rate of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is low. There may be an increased risk of ovarian cancer and weight gain. Clomifene is capable of interacting with estrogen-receptor-containing tissues, including the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary, endometrium, vagina, and cervix. It may compete with estrogen for estrogen-receptor-binding sites and may delay replenishment of intracellular estrogen receptors. Clomifene initiates a series of endocrine events culminating in a preovulatory gonadotropin surge and subsequent follicular rupture. The first endocrine event, in response to a course of clomifene therapy, is an increase in the release of pituitary gonadotropins. This initiates steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis resulting in growth of the ovarian follicle and an increase in the circulating level of estradiol. Following ovulation, plasma progesterone and estradiol rise and fall as they would in a normal ovulatory cycle.
|
Clomifene has both estrogenic and anti-estrogenic properties, but its precise mechanism of action has not been determined. Clomifene appears to stumulate the release of gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and leuteinizing hormone (LH), which leads to the development and maturation of ovarian follicle, ovulation, and subsequent development and function of the coprus luteum, thus resulting in pregnancy. Gonadotropin release may result from direct stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis or from a decreased inhibitory influence of estrogens on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis by competing with the endogenous estrogens of the uterus, pituitary, or hypothalamus. Clomifene has no apparent progestational, androgenic, or antrandrogenic effects and does not appear to interfere with pituitary-adrenal or pituitary-thyroid function.
|
Based on early studies with 14 C-labeled clomifene, the drug was shown to be readily absorbed orally in humans.
|
Hepatic
|
The acute oral LD<sub>50</sub> of clomifene is 1700 mg/kg in mice and 5750 mg/kg in rats. The toxic dose in humans is not known. Toxic effects accompanying acute overdosage of clomifene have not been reported. Signs and symptoms of overdosage as a result of the use of more than the recommended dose during clomifene therapy include nausea, vomiting, vasomotor flushes, visual blurring, spots or flashes, scotomata, ovarian enlargement with pelvic or abdominal pain.
|
5-7 days
| null |
Based on early studies with 14C-labeled clomiphene citrate, the drug was shown to be readily absorbed orally in humans and excreted principally in the feces.
Mean urinary excretion was approximately 8% with fecal excretion of about 42%.
| null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Phenylpropanoids and polyketides
|
Stilbenes
| null |
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[
"G03GB",
"G03G",
"G03",
"G"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "5.52",
"description": "Serophene 50 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "6.09",
"description": "Clomid 50 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "6.86",
"description": "Clomiphene citrate 50 mg tab",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "11.08",
"description": "Serophene 50 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "17.1",
"description": "Clomid 50 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "47.74",
"description": "Clomiphene citrate powder",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "215.9",
"description": "ClomiPHENE Citrate 30 50 mg tablet Box",
"unit": "box"
}
] |
[] |
2-(4-(2-chloro-1,2-diphenylethenyl)phenoxy)-N,N-diethylethanamine | 2-(p-(2-chloro-1,2-diphenylvinyl)phenoxy)triethylamine | 2-(p-(β-chloro-α-phenylstyryl)phenoxy)triethylamine | Clomifene | Clomifeno | Clomifenum | Clomiphene | ER | ER-alpha | ESR | Estradiol receptor | NR3A1 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group A member 1 | ABP | SBP | Sex steroid-binding protein | SHBG | TeBG | Testis-specific androgen-binding protein | Testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin | Testosterone-estrogen-binding globulin | 1.14.14.19 | 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone aldolase | CYP17 | CYPXVII | Cytochrome P450 17A1 | Cytochrome P450-C17 | Cytochrome P450c17 | S17AH | Steroid 17-alpha-monooxygenase | ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 | MDR1 | Multidrug resistance protein 1 | P-glycoprotein 1 | PGY1 | Phospholipid transporter ABCB1
|
[
"Clomid",
"Clomid",
"Clomid",
"Clomid",
"Clomid 50mg",
"Clomiphene Citrate",
"Clomiphene Citrate",
"Clomiphene Citrate",
"Clomiphene Citrate",
"Clomiphene Citrate",
"Clomiphene Citrate",
"Clomiphene Citrate",
"Clomiphene Citrate",
"Clomiphene Citrate",
"Clomiphene Citrate",
"Clomiphene Citrate",
"ClomiPHENE Citrate",
"Clomiphene Citrate",
"Clomiphene Citrate",
"Clomiphene Citrate",
"Clomiphene Citrate",
"Clomiphene Citrate",
"Clomiphene Citrate",
"Serophene",
"Serophene",
"Serophene Tab 50mg",
"Serophene Tab 50mg"
] |
[
"Androxal",
"Clomifert",
"Clostilbegyt",
"Omifin"
] |
[] |
[
"P03372",
"P04278"
] |
[
"P05093"
] |
[] |
[
"P08183"
] |
DB00883
|
Isosorbide dinitrate
|
A vasodilator used in the treatment of angina pectoris. Its actions are similar to nitroglycerin but with a slower onset of action.
|
solid
|
For the prevention of angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease.
|
Isosorbide Dinitrate is a moderate to long acting oral organic nitrate used for the relief and prophylactic management of angina pectoris. It relaxes the vascular smooth muscle and consequent dilatation of peripheral arteries and veins, especially the latter. Dilatation of the veins promotes peripheral pooling of blood and decreases venous return to the heart, thereby reducing left ventricular end- diastolic pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (preload). Arteriolar relaxation reduces systemic vascular resistance, systolic arterial pressure, and mean arterial pressure.
|
Isosorbide dinitrate is converted to the active nitric oxide to activate guanylate cyclase. This activation increases levels of cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP). cGMP activates protein kinases and causes a series of phosphorylation reactions which leads to dephosphorylation of myosin light chains of smooth muscle fibres. Finally there is a release of calcium ions which causes smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation.
|
Absorption of isosorbide dinitrate after oral dosing is nearly complete, but bioavailability is highly variable (10% to 90%), with extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver. The average bioavailability of isosorbide dinitrate is about 25%.
|
Hepatic
|
Symptoms of overdose include reduced cardiac output and hypotension.
|
1 hour
|
Very low
| null |
* 2 to 4 L/kg
| null |
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Furofurans
|
Isosorbides
|
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[
"C01DA",
"C01D",
"C01",
"C",
"C01DA",
"C01D",
"C01",
"C",
"C05AE",
"C05A",
"C05",
"C"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.07",
"description": "Isochron 40 mg tablet sa",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.48",
"description": "Dilatrate-sr 40 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "1.58",
"description": "Isordil 40 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.7",
"description": "Isordil Titradose 40 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.04",
"description": "Apo-Isdn 10 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.07",
"description": "Apo-Isdn 5 mg Sublingual Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.09",
"description": "Apo-Isdn 30 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.17",
"description": "Isosorbide Dinitrate 5 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.17",
"description": "Isosorbide dn 10 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.17",
"description": "Isosorbide dn 5 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.2",
"description": "Isosorbide dn 20 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.21",
"description": "Isosorbide Dinitrate 5 mg Sublingual Tabs",
"unit": "tab"
},
{
"cost": "0.21",
"description": "Isosorbide dn 2.5 mg tablet sl",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.21",
"description": "Isosorbide dn 5 mg tablet sl",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.39",
"description": "Isosorbide Dinitrate 2.5 mg Sublingual Tabs",
"unit": "tab"
},
{
"cost": "0.43",
"description": "Isosorbide Dinitrate 10 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.43",
"description": "Isosorbide Dinitrate 20 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.44",
"description": "Cedocard-Sr 20 mg Sustained-Release Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.5",
"description": "Isordil 10 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.5",
"description": "Isosorbide Dinitrate 30 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.53",
"description": "Isosorbide dn 30 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.65",
"description": "Isordil 5 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.68",
"description": "Isordil Titradose 5 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.74",
"description": "Isosorbide Mononitrate 10 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.78",
"description": "Isosorbide Mononitrate 20 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.88",
"description": "Isosorbide Dinitrate CR 40 mg Controlled Release Tabs",
"unit": "tab"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "2002-10-15",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2020-09-08",
"number": "6465463"
},
{
"approved": "2004-08-31",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2020-09-08",
"number": "6784177"
}
] |
1,4:3,6-Dianhydrosorbitol 2,5-dinitrate | D-Isosorbide dinitrate | Dianhydrosorbitol 2,5-dinitrate | Dinitrate d'isosorbide | Dinitrato de isosorbida | Dinitroisosorbide | Dinitrosorbide | ISDN | Isosorbide 2,5-dinitrate | Isosorbide dinitrate | Isosorbidi dinitras | Sorbide nitrate | Sorbidnitrate | 4.6.1.2 | ANP-A | ANPR-A | ANPRA | Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor type A | GC-A | Guanylate cyclase A | NPR-A | 1.14.14.1 | 4-nitrophenol 2-hydroxylase | CYP2E | CYPIIE1 | Cytochrome P450-J
|
[
"BiDil",
"BiDil",
"BiDil",
"Cedocard-SR Srt 20mg",
"Cedocard-SR Srt 40mg",
"Coradur Tab 20mg",
"Coronex",
"Coronex",
"Coronex 5mg Sublingual Tablets",
"Dilatrate SR",
"Dilatrate SR",
"Dilatrate-SR",
"Isdn",
"Isdn",
"Isdn",
"IsoDitrate",
"Isorbide Dinitrate",
"Isordil",
"Isordil",
"Isordil",
"Isordil",
"Isordil 10 Titradose Tab 10mg",
"Isordil 10 Titradose Tablets 10mg",
"Isordil 30 Titradose Tab 30mg",
"Isordil 30 Titradose Tablets 30mg",
"Isordil Sublingual Tab 5mg",
"Isordil Sublingual Tablets 5mg",
"Isordil Titradose",
"Isordil Titradose",
"Isordil Titradose",
"Isordil Titradose",
"Isordil Titradose",
"Isosorbide",
"Isosorbide",
"Isosorbide",
"Isosorbide",
"Isosorbide",
"Isosorbide",
"Isosorbide",
"Isosorbide",
"Isosorbide",
"Isosorbide",
"Isosorbide",
"Isosorbide",
"Isosorbide",
"Isosorbide",
"Isosorbide",
"Isosorbide",
"Isosorbide",
"Isosorbide",
"Isosorbide",
"Isosorbide 10 Tab 10mg",
"Isosorbide 30 Tab 30mg",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide dinitrate",
"Isosorbide dinitrate",
"Isosorbide dinitrate",
"Isosorbide dinitrate",
"Isosorbide dinitrate",
"Isosorbide dinitrate",
"Isosorbide dinitrate",
"Isosorbide dinitrate",
"Isosorbide dinitrate",
"Isosorbide dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide dinitrate",
"Isosorbide dinitrate",
"Isosorbide dinitrate",
"Isosorbide dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide dinitrate",
"Isosorbide dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate",
"Isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine hydrochloride",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate and Hydralazine Hydrochloride",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate and Hydralazine Hydrochloride",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate and Hydralazine Hydrochloride",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate and Hydralazine Hydrochloride",
"Isosorbide Sublingual",
"Isosorbide Sublingual",
"Isosorbide Tab 30mg",
"Isosorbide-5 Tab 5mg",
"Isosorrbide Dinitrate",
"Novo-sorbide Tab 10mg",
"Novo-sorbide Tab 30mg",
"Nu-isdn Tablets",
"Nu-isdn Tablets",
"Nu-isdn Tablets",
"PMS-isosorbide Tab 10mg",
"Truemed Group LLC"
] |
[
"Carvasin",
"Flindix",
"Isoket",
"Isorbid",
"Nitrosorbide",
"Sorbidilat"
] |
[
"BiDil",
"BiDil",
"BiDil",
"Isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine hydrochloride",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate and Hydralazine Hydrochloride",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate and Hydralazine Hydrochloride",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate and Hydralazine Hydrochloride",
"Isosorbide Dinitrate and Hydralazine Hydrochloride"
] |
[
"P16066"
] |
[
"P05181"
] |
[] |
[] |
DB00885
|
Pemirolast
|
Pemirolast potassium is a slightly yellow powder that is soluble in water. It is a mast cell stabilizer that acts as an antiallergic agent. As an ophthalmic aqueous sterile solution, pemirolast is used for the prevention of itching of the eyes caused by allergies such as hay fever, and allergic conjunctivitis. Pemirolast is potentially useful for prophylaxis of pulmonary hypersensitivity reactions to drugs such as paclitaxel.
|
solid
|
For the prevention of itching of the eyes caused by allergies such as hay fever, and allergic conjunctivitis
|
Pemirolast is used for the prophylactic treatment of itching of the eye associated with allergic conjunctivitis. Pemirolast potassium is a mast cell stabilizer that inhibits the <i>in vivo</i> Type I immediate hypersensitivity reaction. Pemirolast inhibits the antigen-induced release of inflammatory mediators (e.g., histamine, leukotriene C4, D4, E4) from human mast cells. Allergic reactions lead to cell-degranulation and the release of histamine (and other chemical mediators) from the mast cell or basophil. Once released, histamine can react with local or widespread tissues through histamine receptors. Histamine, acting on H<sub>1</sub>-receptors, produces pruritis and vasodilatation (allowing blood fluids to enter the area to cause swelling). Pemirolast is a histamine H1 antagonist. It competes with histamine for the normal H<sub>1</sub>-receptor sites on effector cells of blood vessels to provide effective, temporary relief of watery and itchy eyes.
|
Pemirolast binds to the histamine H<sub>1</sub> receptor. This blocks the action of endogenous histamine, which subsequently leads to temporary relief of the negative symptoms brought on by histamine. Pemirolast has also been observed to inhibit antigen-stimulated calcium ion influx into mast cells through the blockage of calcium channels. Pemirolast inhibits the chemotaxis of eosinophils into ocular tissue, and prevents inflammatory mediator release from human eosinophils.
| null |
Hepatic (Ophthalmic)
| null |
4.5 hours (Ophthalmic)
| null |
Following topical administration, about 10-15% of the dose was excreted unchanged in the urine.
| null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Pyridopyrimidines
| null |
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "11.39",
"description": "Alamast 0.1% drops",
"unit": "ml"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "1991-07-23",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2011-07-02",
"number": "5034230"
}
] |
Pemirolast | Pemirolastum | H1-R | H1R | HH1R
|
[
"Alamast"
] |
[
"Alegysal",
"Pemirox"
] |
[] |
[
"P35367"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00886
|
Omapatrilat
|
Omapatrilat is an investigational drug that inhibits both neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). The inhibition of NEP elevates natriuretic peptide levels, increasing excretion of sodium in urine, dilating blood vessels, and reducing preload and ventricular remodeling. This drug from BMS was not approved by the FDA due to angioedema safety concerns.
|
solid
|
For the treatment of hypertension.
|
Omapatrilat is used to treat hypertension. Vasopeptidase inhibitor that simultaneously inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and neutral endopeptidase (NEP). Omapatrilat lowers blood pressure by inhibiting the action of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), which causes blood vessels to constrict. But unlike other drugs, omapatrilat also inhibits another enzyme known as neutral endopeptidase (NEP), which helps blood vessels relax. Omapatrilat demonstrated greater reduction in blood pressure than the ACE inhibitor lisinopril in individuals with salt-sensitive hypertension who typically do not respond well to ACE inhibitors.
|
Omapatrilat binds to both angiotensin converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase. This results in a decrease renin-angiotensin-aldosterone production and increase natriuretic peptidase circulation.
|
The absolute oral bioavailability of omapatrilat is 20% to 30% and the absorption is not affected by food intake.
|
Hepatic
|
Side effects include hyperkalemia, cough, hypotension, increased SrCr, and dizziness. Dizziness, diarrhea, vision disturbance, hypotension and angioedema
| null | null | null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organic acids and derivatives
|
Carboxylic acids and derivatives
|
Amino acids, peptides, and analogues
|
[
"investigational"
] |
[] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[] |
[] |
Omapatrilat | Omapatrilate | 3.4.24.11 | Atriopeptidase | CALLA | Common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen | Enkephalinase | EPN | NEP | Neutral endopeptidase | Neutral endopeptidase 24.11 | SFE | Skin fibroblast elastase | 3.4.15.1 | ACE | DCP | DCP1 | Dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase I | Kininase II
|
[] |
[
"Vanlev"
] |
[] |
[
"P08473",
"P12821"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00888
|
Mechlorethamine
|
A vesicant and necrotizing irritant destructive to mucous membranes, mechlorethamine is an alkylating drug. It was formerly used as a war gas. The hydrochloride is used as an antineoplastic in Hodgkin's disease and lymphomas. It causes severe gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage.
The FDA granted marketing approval for the orphan drug Valchlor (mechlorethamine) gel on August 23, 2013 for the topical treatment of stage IA and IB mycosis fungoides-type cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) in patients who have received prior skin-directed therapy. Each tube of Valchlor contains 0.016% of mechlorethamine which is equivalent to 0.02% mechlorethamine HCl.
|
solid
|
For the palliative treatment of Hodgkin's disease (Stages III and IV), lymphosarcoma, chronic myelocytic or chronic lymphocytic leukemia, polycythemia vera, mycosis fungoides, and bronchogenic carcinoma. Also for the palliative treatment of metastatic carcinoma resulting in effusion.
|
Mechlorethamine also known as mustine, nitrogen mustard, and HN2, is the prototype anticancer chemotherapeutic drug. Successful clinical use of mechlorethamine gave birth to the field of anticancer chemotherapy. The drug is an analogue of mustard gas and was derived from toxic gas warfare research. Mechlorethamine is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent. Alkylating agents work by three different mechanisms all of which achieve the same end result - disruption of DNA function and cell death.
|
Alkylating agents work by three different mechanisms: 1) attachment of alkyl groups to DNA bases, resulting in the DNA being fragmented by repair enzymes in their attempts to replace the alkylated bases, preventing DNA synthesis and RNA transcription from the affected DNA, 2) DNA damage via the formation of cross-links (bonds between atoms in the DNA) which prevents DNA from being separated for synthesis or transcription, and 3) the induction of mispairing of the nucleotides leading to mutations. Mechlorethamine is cell cycle phase-nonspecific.
|
Partially absorbed following intracavitary administration, most likely due to rapid deactivation by body fluids. When it is topically administered, systemic exposure was undetectable.
|
Undergoes rapid chemical transformation and combines with water or reactive compounds of cells, so that the drug is no longer present in active form a few minutes after administration.
|
Symptoms of overexposure include severe leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and a hemorrhagic diathesis with subsequent delayed bleeding may develop. Death may follow. The most common adverse reactions (≥5%) of the topical formulation are dermatitis, pruritus, bacterial skin infection, skin ulceration or blistering, and hyperpigmentation. The oral LD50 for a rat is 10 mg/kg.
|
15 minutes
| null | null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organic nitrogen compounds
|
Organonitrogen compounds
|
Nitrogen mustard compounds
|
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[
"L01AA",
"L01A",
"L01",
"L"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "178.71",
"description": "Mustargen 10 mg vial",
"unit": "vial"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "2011-01-18",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2029-07-08",
"number": "7872050"
},
{
"approved": "2013-08-06",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2026-03-07",
"number": "8501819"
},
{
"approved": "2013-05-28",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2026-03-07",
"number": "8450375"
},
{
"approved": "2013-08-06",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2026-03-07",
"number": "8501818"
},
{
"approved": "2010-11-23",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2026-03-07",
"number": "7838564"
},
{
"approved": "2016-07-05",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2026-03-07",
"number": "9382191"
}
] |
2,2'-dichloro-N-methyldiethylamine | bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine | bis(β-chloroethyl)methylamine | Chlormethine | Chlormethinum | Clormetina | Mechlorethamine | methylbis(2-chloroethyl)amine | methylbis(β-chloroethyl)amine | Mustine | N-methyl-bis(2-chloroethyl)amine | N-methyl-bis(β-chloroethyl)amine | Nitrogen mustard | β,β'-dichlorodiethyl-N-methylamine | 3.1.1.8 | Acylcholine acylhydrolase | Butyrylcholine esterase | CHE1 | Choline esterase II | Pseudocholinesterase
|
[
"Ledaga",
"Ledaga",
"Mustargen",
"Mustargen",
"Mustargen",
"Valchlor",
"Valchlor",
"Valchlor"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
"P06276"
] |
[] |
[] |
DB00889
|
Granisetron
|
A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic and antinauseant for cancer chemotherapy patients.
|
solid
|
For the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of emetogenic cancer therapy (including high dose cisplatin), postoperation, and radiation (including total body irradiation and daily fractionated abdominal radiation).
|
Granisetron is a selective inhibitor of type 3 serotonergic (5-HT<sub>3</sub>) receptors. Granisetron has little or no affinity for other serotonin receptors, including 5-HT 1 , 5-HT 1A , 5-HT 1B/C , or 5-HT 2 ; for alpha 1 -, alpha 2 -, or beta-adrenoreceptors; for dopamine D 2 receptors; for histamine H 1 receptors; for benzodiazepine receptors; for picrotoxin receptors; or for opioid receptors. In most human studies, granisetron has had little effect on blood pressure, heart rate, or electrocardiogram (ECG). The drug is structurally and pharmacologically related to ondansetron, another selective inhibitor of 5-HT<sub>3</sub> receptors. The serontonin 5-HT<sub>3</sub> receptors are located on the nerve terminals of the vagus in the periphery, and centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the area postrema. The temporal relationship between the emetogenic action of emetogenic drugs and the release of serotonin, as well as the efficacy of antiemetic agents suggest that chemotherapeutic agents release serotonin from the enterochromaffin cells of the small intestine by causing degenerative changes in the GI tract. The serotonin then stimulates the vagal and splanchnic nerve receptors that project to the medullary vomiting center, as well as the 5-HT3 receptors in the area postrema, thus initiating the vomiting reflex, causing nausea and vomiting.
|
Granisetron is a potent, selective antagonist of 5-HT<sub>3</sub> receptors. The antiemetic activity of the drug is brought about through the inhibition of 5-HT3 receptors present both centrally (medullary chemoreceptor zone) and peripherally (GI tract). This inhibition of 5-HT3 receptors in turn inhibits the visceral afferent stimulation of the vomiting center, likely indirectly at the level of the area postrema, as well as through direct inhibition of serotonin activity within the area postrema and the chemoreceptor trigger zone.
|
Absorption of is rapid and complete, though oral bioavailability is reduced to about 60% as a result of first pass metabolism.
|
Primarily hepatic; undergoes N -demethylation and aromatic ring oxidation followed by conjugation. Animal studies suggest that some of the metabolites may have 5-HT 3 receptor antagonist activity.
|
LD<sub>50</sub>>2000 mg/kg (rat, oral)
|
4-6 hours in healthy patients, 9-12 hours in cancer patients
|
65%
|
The remainder of the dose is excreted as metabolites, 48% in the urine and 38% in the feces.
| null |
* 0.52 L/h/kg [Cancer Patients with 1 mg bid for 7 days]
* 0.41 L/h/kg [Healthy subject with a single 1 mg dose]
|
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Benzopyrazoles
|
Indazoles
|
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[
"A04AA",
"A04A",
"A04",
"A"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "7.2",
"description": "Granisetron hcl 0.1 mg/ml vial",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "11.54",
"description": "Kytril 0.1 mg/ml vial",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "14.14",
"description": "Apo-Granisetron 1 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "20.27",
"description": "Kytril 1 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "24.0",
"description": "Granisetron hcl 4 mg/4 ml vial",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "60.19",
"description": "Granisetron hcl 1 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "62.94",
"description": "Kytril 1 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "131.98",
"description": "Kytril 2 1 mg tablet Box",
"unit": "box"
},
{
"cost": "372.0",
"description": "Sancuso 3.1 mg/24 hr patch",
"unit": "patch"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "2004-07-13",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2014-03-15",
"number": "2158354"
},
{
"approved": "2003-08-19",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2012-01-16",
"number": "2100777"
},
{
"approved": "2009-10-27",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2024-10-22",
"number": "7608282"
},
{
"approved": "1999-09-14",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2016-09-14",
"number": "5952340"
},
{
"approved": "2003-09-02",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2021-06-28",
"number": "6613355"
},
{
"approved": "2004-09-14",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2021-05-11",
"number": "6790458"
},
{
"approved": "2014-05-06",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2024-09-28",
"number": "8715710"
},
{
"approved": "2012-08-28",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2024-09-28",
"number": "8252304"
},
{
"approved": "2012-08-28",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2024-09-28",
"number": "8252305"
},
{
"approved": "2018-03-13",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2024-09-28",
"number": "9913910"
},
{
"approved": "2019-07-23",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2024-09-28",
"number": "10357570"
}
] |
Granisétron | Granisetrón | Granisetron | Granisetronum | 5-HT-3 | 5-HT3-A | 5-HT3A | 5-HT3R | 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3 | 5HT3R | HTR3 | Serotonin receptor 3A | Serotonin-gated ion channel receptor | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIA1 | Cytochrome P450 form 6 | Cytochrome P450-C | Cytochrome P450-P1 | Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase
|
[
"Apo-granisetron",
"Granisetron",
"Granisetron",
"Granisetron",
"Granisetron",
"Granisetron",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride Injection",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride Injection",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride Injection",
"Granisetron Hydrochloride Injection Sdz",
"Granisol",
"Jamp Granisetron",
"Kytril",
"Kytril",
"Kytril",
"Kytril",
"Kytril",
"Kytril 1mg/1ml",
"Kytril Tablets 1mg",
"Nat-granisetron",
"Sancuso",
"Sancuso",
"Sancuso",
"Sancuso",
"Sustol"
] |
[
"Kevatril",
"Sancuso",
"Sustol"
] |
[] |
[
"P46098"
] |
[
"P08684",
"P04798"
] |
[] |
[] |
DB00890
|
Dienestrol
|
Dienestrol is a synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen. It is an estrogen receptor agonist. Estrogens work partly by increasing a normal clear discharge from the vagina and making the vulva and urethra healthy. Using or applying an estrogen relieves or lessens: dryness and soreness in the vagina, itching, redness, or soreness of the vulva. Conditions that are treated with vaginal estrogens include a genital skin condition (vulvar atrophy), inflammation of the vagina (atrophic vaginitis), and inflammation of the urethra (atrophic urethritis).
|
solid
|
For use in the treatment of atrophic vaginitis and kraurosis vulvae.
|
Estrogens diffuse into their target cells and interact with a protein receptor. Target cells include the female reproductive tract, the mammary gland, the hypothalamus, and the pituitary. Estrogens increase the hepatic synthesis of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), thyroid-binding globulin (TBG), and other serum proteins and suppress follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary. The combination of an estrogen with a progestin suppresses the hypothalamic-pituitary system, decreasing the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
|
Dienestrol is a synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen. Estrogens passively diffuse into target cells of responsive tissues, complex with the estrogen receptors, and enter the cell's nucleus to initiate or enhance gene transcription of protein synthesis after binding to DNA.
|
Systemic absorption and mode of action of dienestrol are undetermined.Estrogens diffuse into their target cells and interact with a protein receptor. Target cells include the female reproductive tract, the mammary gland, the hypothalamus, and the pituitary. Estrogens increase the hepatic synthesis of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), thyroid-binding globulin (TBG), and other serum proteins and suppress follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary. The combination of an estrogen with a progestin suppresses the hypothalamic-pituitary system, decreasing the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
|
Hepatic.
|
Symptoms of overdose include nausea and vomiting, and withdrawal bleeding may occur in females.
| null |
50 to 80%
| null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[
"G03CB",
"G03C",
"G03",
"G",
"G03CC",
"G03C",
"G03",
"G"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "442.23",
"description": "Dienestrol powder",
"unit": "g"
}
] |
[] |
4,4'-Hydroxy-γ,δ-diphenyl-β,δ-hexadiene | alpha-dienestrol diacetate | Cycladiene | Dehydrostilbestrol | Dienestrol | Diènestrol | Dienestrolum | p,p'-(Diethylideneethylene)diphenol | ER | ER-alpha | ESR | Estradiol receptor | NR3A1 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group A member 1 | ABP | SBP | Sex steroid-binding protein | SHBG | TeBG | Testis-specific androgen-binding protein | Testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin | Testosterone-estrogen-binding globulin
|
[
"Ortho Dienestrol Crm"
] |
[
"Estraguard",
"Estroral",
"Ortho Dienestrol",
"Restrol",
"Retalon",
"Sexadien",
"Synestrol"
] |
[] |
[
"P03372",
"P04278"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00891
|
Sulfapyridine
|
Antibacterial, potentially toxic, and previously used to treat certain skin diseases. No longer prescribed.
|
solid
|
For the treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis, benign mucous membrane pemphigoid and pyoderma gangrenosum
|
Sulfapyridine is a sulfonamide antibiotic. The sulfonamides are synthetic bacteriostatic antibiotics with a wide spectrum against most gram-positive and many gram-negative organisms. However, many strains of an individual species may be resistant. Sulfonamides inhibit multiplication of bacteria by acting as competitive inhibitors of <i>p</i>-aminobenzoic acid in the folic acid metabolism cycle. Bacterial sensitivity is the same for the various sulfonamides, and resistance to one sulfonamide indicates resistance to all. Most sulfonamides are readily absorbed orally. However, parenteral administration is difficult, since the soluble sulfonamide salts are highly alkaline and irritating to the tissues. The sulfonamides are widely distributed throughout all tissues. High levels are achieved in pleural, peritoneal, synovial, and ocular fluids. Although these drugs are no longer used to treat meningitis, CSF levels are high in meningeal infections. Their antibacterial action is inhibited by pus.
|
Sulfapyridine is a competitive inhibitor of the bacterial enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase. The inhibited reaction is necessary in these organisms for the synthesis of folic acid by means of processing the substrate para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). Dihydropteroate synthetase activity is vital in the synthesis of folate, and folate is required for cells to make nucleic acids, such as DNA or RNA. So if DNA molecules cannot be built, the cell cannot divide.
|
Approximately 60-80%
|
Hepatic.
|
LD<sub>50</sub> is 15800 mg/kg (orally in rats).
|
6-14 hours.
|
Approximately 50% bound to plasma proteins.
| null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Benzenoids
|
Benzene and substituted derivatives
|
Benzenesulfonamides
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"G01AE",
"G01A",
"G01",
"G",
"J01EB",
"J01E",
"J01",
"J"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "0.13",
"description": "Sulfapyridine powder",
"unit": "g"
}
] |
[] |
2-(p-Aminobenzenesulphonamido)pyridine | 2-Sulfanilamidopyridin | 2-Sulfanilamidopyridine | 2-Sulfanilylaminopyridine | 2-Sulfapyridine | 4-(2-Pyridinylsulfonyl)aniline | 4-[(2-Pyridylamino)sulfonyl]aniline | 4-Amino-N-pyridin-2-yl-benzenesulfonamide | 4-Amino-N,2-pyridinylbenzenesulfonamide | N-2-Pyridylsulfanilamide | N(1)-2-Pyridylsulfanilamide | N(1)-Pyridylsulfanilamide | Solfapiridina | Sulfapiridina | Sulfapyridin | Sulfapyridine | Sulfapyridinum | Sulphapyridine | 2.5.1.15 | dhpS | Dihydropteroate pyrophosphorylase | 2.5.1.15 | DHPS | Dihydropteroate pyrophosphorylase type I | Dihydropteroate synthase type I | suf3 | (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2C10 | CYPIIC9 | Cytochrome P-450MP | Cytochrome P450 MP-4 | Cytochrome P450 MP-8 | Cytochrome P450 PB-1 | S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase
|
[
"Dagenan Tab 500mg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
"P11712"
] |
[] |
[] |
DB00893
|
Iron Dextran
|
Iron dextran is a dark brown, slightly viscous liquid complex of ferric hydroxide and dextran for intravenous or intramuscular use. Iron Dextran is used for the treatment of patients with documented iron deficiency in which oral administration is unsatisfactory or impossible.
|
solid
|
For treatment of patients with documented iron deficiency in whom oral administration is unsatisfactory or impossible. Also used to replenish body iron stores in Non-Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease (NDD-CKD) patients receiving or not receiving erythropoietin and in Hemodialysis Dependent (HDD-CKD) and Peritoneal Dialysis Dependent (PDD-CKD) - Chronic Kidney Disease patients receiving an erythropoietin.
|
Iron dextran is a dark brown, slightly viscous sterile liquid complex of ferric hydroxide and dextran for intravenous or intramuscular use. It is for treatment of patients with documented iron deficiency in whom oral administration is unsatisfactory or impossible. Iron is essential to the formation of hemoglobin and to the function and formation of other heme and nonheme compounds. Untreated depletion of iron stores leads to iron-deficient erythropoiesis and, in turn, to iron deficiency anemia.
|
After iron dextran is injected, the circulating iron dextran is removed from the plasma by cells of the reticuloendothelial system, which split the complex into its components of iron and dextran. The iron is immediately bound to the available protein moieties to form hemosiderin or ferritin, the physiological forms of iron, or to a lesser extent to transferrin. This iron which is subject to physiological control replenishes hemoglobin and depleted iron stores.
|
The major portion of intramuscular injections of iron dextran is absorbed within 72 hours; most of the remaining iron is absorbed over the ensuing 3 to 4 weeks.
|
Dextran, a polyglucose, is either metabolized or excreted.
|
LD<sub>50</sub> = 500 mg/kg (mouse, IV). Dosages of iron dextran in excess of the requirements for restoration of hemoglobin and replenishment of iron stores may lead to hemosiderosis. Cases of severe, sometimes fatal, allergic reactions (loss of consciousness, collapse, difficulty breathing, hives, swelling, or convulsions) and severe low blood pressure (hypotension) have been reported with the use of iron dextran.
|
5 hours (some indications that it can be as long as 10 hours)
|
100% (after release from dextran)
|
Dextran, a polyglucose, is either metabolized or excreted.
| null | null | null | null | null | null |
[
"approved",
"vet_approved"
] |
[] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "14.44",
"description": "Infed 100 mg/2 ml vial",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "15.53",
"description": "Infufer 50 mg/ml",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "15.66",
"description": "Dexiron 50 mg/ml",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "21.6",
"description": "Dexferrum 100 mg/2 ml vial",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "21.6",
"description": "Dexferrum 50 mg/ml vial",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "38.08",
"description": "Iron dextran comp 100 mg/2 ml",
"unit": "ml"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "1997-04-29",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2015-09-29",
"number": "5624668"
}
] |
Dextran iron | Iron Dextran | Iron dextran complex | Beta-globin | Hemoglobin beta chain | Alpha-globin | Hemoglobin alpha chain | 1.16.3.1 | Cell proliferation-inducing gene 15 protein | Ferritin H subunit | FTH | FTHL6 | Ferritin L subunit | Beta-1 metal-binding globulin | Siderophilin | Transferrin
|
[
"BiferaRx",
"BiferaRx",
"Dexferrum",
"Dexferrum",
"Dexiron",
"INFeD",
"Infed",
"Infed",
"INFeD",
"Infed",
"Infufer",
"Iron Aspartate Glycinate and Polysaccharide Complex, Ascorbic Calcium, Vitamin B12, Folic Acid, Calcium Threonate and Succinic Acid",
"Iron Dextran",
"Iron Polysaccharides Folic Acid DHA",
"Irospan 24/6",
"Niferex",
"Prefera OB plus DHA",
"PreferaOB",
"PreferaOB One",
"PreferaOB plus DHA",
"PureFe OB Plus",
"PureVit DualFe Plus",
"Se-Tan DHA",
"Se-Tan DHA",
"Se-Tan PLUS"
] |
[
"CosmoFer",
"Feosol",
"Imferon",
"Proferdex"
] |
[
"Se-Tan DHA",
"Iron Polysaccharides Folic Acid DHA",
"Se-Tan DHA",
"BiferaRx",
"Se-Tan PLUS",
"Iron Aspartate Glycinate and Polysaccharide Complex, Ascorbic Calcium, Vitamin B12, Folic Acid, Calcium Threonate and Succinic Acid",
"Niferex",
"Irospan 24/6",
"PureVit DualFe Plus",
"PureFe OB Plus",
"BiferaRx",
"Prefera OB plus DHA",
"PreferaOB",
"PreferaOB One",
"PreferaOB plus DHA"
] |
[
"P68871",
"P69905",
"P02794",
"P02792"
] |
[] |
[
"P02787"
] |
[] |
DB00894
|
Testolactone
|
An antineoplastic agent that is a derivative of progesterone and used to treat advanced breast cancer.
|
solid
|
For palliative treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
|
Testolactone is a synthetic anti-neoplastic agent that is structurally distinct from the androgen steroid nucleus in possessing a six-membered lactone ring in place of the usual five-membered carbocyclic D-ring. Despite some similarity to testosterone, testolactone has no in vivo androgenic effect. No other hormonal effects have been reported in clinical studies in patients receiving testolactone.
|
Although the precise mechanism by which testolactone produces its clinical antineoplastic effects has not been established, its principal action is reported to be inhibition of steroid aromatase activity and consequent reduction in estrone synthesis from adrenal androstenedione, the major source of estrogen in postmenopausal women. Based on in vitro studies, the aromatase inhibition may be noncompetitive and irreversible. This phenomenon may account for the persistence of testolactone's effect on estrogen synthesis after drug withdrawal.
|
Testolactone is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
|
Hepatic. Metabolized to several derivatives in the liver, all of which preserve the lactone D-ring.
|
Oral LD<sub>50</sub>s in mouse and dog are 1630 mg/kg and 593-926 mg/kg, respectively.
| null |
~85%
|
No clinical effects in humans of testolactone on adrenal function have been reported; however, one study noted an increase in urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids in most of the patients treated with 150 mg/day orally. It is metabolized to several derivatives in the liver, all of which preserve the lactone D-ring. These metabolites, as well as some unmetabolized drug, are excreted in the urine.
| null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Naphthopyrans
| null |
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[] |
[] |
(4aS,4bR,10aR,10bS,12aS)-10a,12a-dimethyl-3,4,4a,5,6,10a,10b,11,12,12a-decahydro-2H-naphtho[2,1-f]chromene-2,8(4bH)-dione | 1-dehydrotestololactone | 1,2-didehydrotestololactone | 13-hydroxy-3-oxo-13,17-secoandrosta-1,4-dien-17-oic acid δ-lactone | D-homo-17a-oxaandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione | delta(1)-testololactone | Testolactona | Testolactone | Testolactonum | Testolattone | Δ1-testololactone | 1.14.14.14 | ARO1 | CYAR | CYP19 | CYPXIX | Cytochrome P-450AROM | Cytochrome P450 19A1 | Estrogen synthase
|
[
"Teslac"
] |
[
"Fludestrin"
] |
[] |
[
"P11511"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00895
|
Benzylpenicilloyl polylysine
|
Benzylpenicilloyl polylysine is used as a skin-testing reagent to detect immunoglobulin E antibodies in people with a history of penicillin allergy. The quantitation of in vitro IgE antibodies to the benzylpenicilloyl determinant is a useful tool for evaluating allergic subjects.
|
solid
|
For use as a adjunct in assessing the risk of administering penicillin (benzylpenicillin or penicillin G).
|
Benylpenicilloyl polylysine is penicilloyl bound to polylysine and is considered to be the major determinant of penicillin metabolism; it is used as a skin-testing reagent to detect immunoglobulin E antibodies in people with a history of penicillin allergy. If skin testing using benzylpenicilloyl and penicillin G (as the sole source of minor determinants) is negative, approximately 97% of patients with a negative skin test will tolerate penicillin.
|
The skin test for penicillin demonstrates the presence or absence of specific IgE antibodies to major and minor penicillin determinants. IgE antibodies to major determinants can be detected by using benzylpenicilloyl polylysine. A penicillin skin test predicts only the presence of IgE antibodies for the major or minor penicillin determinants at the time of application and does not predict the future development of IgE-mediated reactions during subsequent courses of penicillin. Benzylpenicilloyl polylysine reacts specifically with penicilloyl skin sensitizing antibodies (reagins) to produce immediate wheal and flare reactions which may reflect increased risk of allergic reactions to subsequent penicillin therapy.
| null | null |
Symptoms of overdose include urticaria, generalized pruritus, local swelling, generalized flushing, anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, fainting and maculopapular eruption.
| null | null | null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organic acids and derivatives
|
Carboxylic acids and derivatives
|
Amino acids, peptides, and analogues
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"J01CR",
"J01C",
"J01",
"J"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "72.0",
"description": "Pre-pen ampul",
"unit": "ampul"
}
] |
[] |
Benzyl penicilloyl-polylysine | Benzylpenicilloyl G polylysine | Benzylpenicilloyl polylysine | Benzylpenicilloyl-polylysine | Fc receptor gamma-chain | Fc-epsilon RI-gamma | FceRI gamma | FcRgamma | IgE Fc receptor subunit gamma | Fc-epsilon RI-alpha | FCE1A | FcERI | IgE Fc receptor subunit alpha
|
[
"Pre-pen",
"Pre-pen"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"P30273",
"P12319"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00896
|
Rimexolone
|
Rimexolone is a 1% eye drop solution is a glucocorticoid steroid. It is used to treat inflammation in the eye. It is marketed as Vexol.
|
solid
|
For the treatment of postoperative inflammation following ocular surgery and in the treatment of anterior uveitis.
|
Rimexolone is a glucocorticoid corticosteroid for systemic use. Corticosteroids suppress the inflammatory response to a variety of inciting agents of a mechanical, chemical, or immunological nature. They inhibit edema, cellular infiltration, capillary dilatation, fibroblastic proliferation, deposition of collagen and scar formation associated with inflammation.
|
Rimexolone is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. The antiinflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve lipocortins, phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins which, through inhibition of arachidonic acid, control the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. By binding to the glucocorticoid receptor, this drug ultimately leads to changes in genetic transcription involving the lipocortins and prostaglandins.
|
Systemically absorbed.
|
Undergoes extensive metabolism. Following intravenous administration of radiolabeled rimexolone in rats, more than 80% of the dose was excreted in the feces as rimexolone and metabolites. Metabolites have been shown to be either less active than rimexolone or inactive in human glucocorticoid receptor binding assays.
|
Symptoms of overdose include retinal toxicity, glaucoma, and subcapsular cataract.
|
The serum half-life of rimexolone could not be reliably estimated due to the large number of samples below the quantitation limit of the assay (80 pg/mL). However, based on the time required to reach steady-state, the half-life appears to be short (1-2 hours).
| null |
Following IV administration of radio-labelled rimexolone to rats, greater than 80% of the dose is excreted via the feces as rimexolone and metabolites.
| null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Lipids and lipid-like molecules
|
Steroids and steroid derivatives
|
Oxosteroids
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"H02AB",
"H02A",
"H02",
"H",
"S01BA",
"S01B",
"S01",
"S"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "7.14",
"description": "Vexol 1% eye drops",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "48.29",
"description": "Vexol 1% Suspension 5ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "74.08",
"description": "Vexol 1% Suspension 10ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
}
] |
[] |
Rimexolon | Rimexolona | Rimexolone | GR | GRL | Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 | ERR-alpha | ERR1 | ESRL1 | Estrogen receptor-like 1 | Estrogen-related receptor alpha | NR3B1 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group B member 1 | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIIA5 | Cytochrome P450-PCN3 | CBG | Serpin A6 | Transcortin
|
[
"Vexol",
"Vexol Ophthalmic Suspension - 1%"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"P04150",
"P11474"
] |
[
"P08684",
"P20815"
] |
[
"P08185"
] |
[] |
DB00897
|
Triazolam
|
Withdrawn in the United Kingdom due to risk of psychiatric adverse drug reactions. This drug continues to be available in the U.S. Internationally, triazolam is a Schedule IV drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.
|
solid
|
For the short-term treatment of insomnia.
|
A short-acting benzodiazepine used as a hypnotic agent in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries. Triazolam has a shorter half-life than chlordiazepoxide, flurazepam, and prazepam and does not generate active metabolites.
|
Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to bezodiazepine receptors BNZ1, which mediates sleep, and BNZ2, which affects affects muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, motor coordination, and memory. As benzodiazepine receptors are thought to be coupled to gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA<sub>A</sub>) receptors, this enhances the effects of GABA by increasing GABA affinity for the GABA receptor. Binding of GABA to the site opens the chloride channel, resulting in a hyperpolarized cell membrane that prevents further excitation of the cell.
|
Bioavailability is 44% (oral) and 53% (sublingual).
|
Hepatic. Small amounts of unmetabolized triazolam appear in the urine.
|
Symptoms of overdose include drowsiness, slurred speech, motor inco-ordination, coma, and respiratory depression.
|
1.5-5.5 hours
| null |
Triazolam and its metabolites, principally as conjugated glucuronides, which are presumably inactive, are excreted primarily in the urine. Only small amounts of unmetabolized triazolam appear in the urine. The two primary metabolites accounted for 79.9% of urinary excretion.
| null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Benzodiazepines
|
1,4-benzodiazepines
|
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[
"N05CD",
"N05C",
"N05",
"N"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.37",
"description": "Halcion 0.125 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "1.99",
"description": "Halcion 0.25 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "6.0",
"description": "Triazolam 10 0.25 mg tablet Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "6.33",
"description": "Triazolam 10 0.125 mg tablet Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "21.0",
"description": "Halcion 10 0.25 mg tablet Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "0.12",
"description": "Apo-Triazo 0.125 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.12",
"description": "Mylan-Triazolam 0.125 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.22",
"description": "Apo-Triazo 0.25 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.22",
"description": "Mylan-Triazolam 0.25 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.65",
"description": "Triazolam 0.125 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.67",
"description": "Triazolam 0.25 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
}
] |
[] |
Triazolam | Triazolamum | BZRP | MBR | Mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor | PBR | Peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor | PKBS | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-1 | GABAAR subunit alpha-1 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-2 | GABAAR subunit alpha-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-3 | GABAAR subunit alpha-3 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-4 | GABAAR subunit alpha-4 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-5 | GABAAR subunit alpha-5 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-6 | GABAAR subunit alpha-6 | GABA(A) receptor subunit beta-1 | GABAAR subunit beta-1 | GABA(A) receptor subunit beta-2 | GABAAR subunit beta-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit beta-3 | GABAAR subunit beta-3 | GABA(A) receptor subunit delta | GABAAR subunit delta | GABA(A) receptor subunit epsilon | GABAAR subunit epsilon | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-1 | GABAAR subunit gamma-1 | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-2 | GABAAR subunit gamma-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-3 | GABAAR subunit gamma-3 | GABA(A) receptor subunit pi | GABAAR subunit pi | GABA(A) receptor subunit theta | GABAAR subunit theta | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-1 | GABAAR subunit alpha-1 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-2 | GABAAR subunit alpha-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-3 | GABAAR subunit alpha-3 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-5 | GABAAR subunit alpha-5 | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-1 | GABAAR subunit gamma-1 | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-2 | GABAAR subunit gamma-2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-3 | GABAAR subunit gamma-3 | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIIA7 | Cytochrome P450-HFLA | P450HLp2 | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIC8 | Cytochrome P450 form 1 | Cytochrome P450 IIC2 | Cytochrome P450 MP-12 | Cytochrome P450 MP-20 | S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIIA5 | Cytochrome P450-PCN3
|
[
"Alti-triazolam Tab 0.125mg",
"Alti-triazolam Tab 0.25mg",
"Halcion",
"Halcion",
"Halcion",
"Halcion",
"Halcion",
"Halcion",
"Mylan-triazolam",
"Mylan-triazolam",
"Novo-triolam Tab 0.125mg",
"Novo-triolam Tab 0.25mg",
"Penta-triazolam Tablets",
"Penta-triazolam Tablets",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam",
"Triazolam Tab 0.125mg",
"Triazolam Tab 0.25mg",
"Triazolam Tablets 0.125mg",
"Triazolam Tablets 0.25mg"
] |
[
"Apo-Triazo",
"Arring",
"Asasion",
"Ascomarna",
"Songar"
] |
[] |
[
"P30536",
"P14867",
"P47869",
"P34903",
"P48169",
"P31644",
"Q16445",
"P18505",
"P47870",
"P28472",
"O14764",
"P78334",
"Q8N1C3",
"P18507",
"Q99928",
"O00591",
"Q9UN88",
"P14867",
"P47869",
"P34903",
"P31644",
"Q8N1C3",
"P18507",
"Q99928"
] |
[
"P24462",
"P08684",
"P10632",
"P20815"
] |
[] |
[] |
DB00900
|
Didanosine
|
A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.
|
solid
|
For use, in combination with other antiretroviral agents, in the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults.
|
Didanosine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with activity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1). Didanosine is a hypoxanthine attached to the sugar ring, unlike other nucleoside analogues. Didanosine is phosphorylated to active metabolites that compete for incorporation into viral DNA. They inhibit the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme competitively and act as a chain terminator of DNA synthesis. Didanosine is effective against HIV, and usually used in combination with other antiviral therapy. Switching from long term AZT treatment to didanosine has been shown to be beneficial. Didanosine has weak acid stability and therefore, it is often combined with an antacid.
|
Didanosine (ddI) is metabolized intracellularly by a series of cellular enzymes to its active moiety, dideoxyadenosine triphosphate (ddATP), which inhibits the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme competitively by competing with natural dATP. It also acts as a chain terminator by its incorporation into viral DNA as the lack of a 3'-OH group in the incorporated nucleoside analogue prevents the formation of the 5' to 3' phosphodiester linkage essential for DNA chain elongation, and therefore, the viral DNA growth is terminated.
|
Rapidly absorbed (bioavailability 30-40%) with peak plasma concentrations appearing within 0.5 and 1.5 hrs.
|
Rapidly metabolized intracellularly to its active moiety, 2,3-dideoxyadenosine-5-triphosphate (ddA-TP). It is then further metabolized hepatically to yield hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid.
|
Side effects include pancreatitis, peripheral neuropathy, diarrhea, hyperuricemia and hepatic dysfunction
|
30 minutes in plasma and more than 12 hours in intracellular environment.
|
Low (<5%)
|
Based on data from in vitro and animal studies, it is presumed that the metabolism of didanosine in man occurs by the same pathways responsible for the elimination of endogenous purines. Purines are eliminated by the kidneys.
| null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues
|
Purine nucleosides
|
Purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosides
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"J05AF",
"J05A",
"J05",
"J"
] |
[
"Human Immunodeficiency Virus"
] |
[
{
"cost": "4.45",
"description": "Videx ec 125 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "6.42",
"description": "Didanosine 200 mg Delayed Release Capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "7.12",
"description": "Videx ec 200 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "8.18",
"description": "Didanosine 250 mg Delayed Release Capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "9.08",
"description": "Videx ec 250 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "9.44",
"description": "Videx EC 250 mg Delayed Release Capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "12.78",
"description": "Didanosine 400 mg Delayed Release Capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "14.18",
"description": "Videx ec 400 mg capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "14.75",
"description": "Videx EC 400 mg Delayed Release Capsule",
"unit": "capsule"
},
{
"cost": "58.4",
"description": "Videx 2 gm Solution 100ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "124.51",
"description": "Videx 4 gm Solution 200ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "0.55",
"description": "Videx 2 gm pediatric solution",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.6",
"description": "Videx 4 gm pediatric solution",
"unit": "ml"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "1999-03-09",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2012-01-22",
"number": "5880106"
},
{
"approved": "2008-02-12",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2018-08-04",
"number": "2332922"
},
{
"approved": "1996-05-28",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2011-01-03",
"number": "2072573"
}
] |
2,3-Dideoxyinosine | 9-((2R,5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1H-purin-6(9H)-one | 9-((2R,5S)-5-Hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-1,9-dihydro-purin-6-one | 9-((2S,5R)-5-Hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-ol | 9-[(2R,5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one | ddI | ddIno | Didanosina | Didanosine | Didanosinum | Dideoxyinosine | Pr160Gag-Pol | 2.4.2.1 | Inosine phosphorylase | Inosine-guanosine phosphorylase | NP | PNP | hOAT1 | hPAHT | hROAT1 | OAT1 | Organic anion transporter 1 | PAH transporter | PAHT | Renal organic anion transporter 1 | ENT1 | Equilibrative NBMPR-sensitive nucleoside transporter | Equilibrative nitrobenzylmercaptopurine riboside-sensitive nucleoside transporter | es nucleoside transporter | hENT1 | Nucleoside transporter, es-type | Solute carrier family 29 member 1 | 36 kDa nucleolar protein HNP36 | Delayed-early response protein 12 | DER12 | ENT2 | Equilibrative NBMPR-insensitive nucleoside transporter | Equilibrative nitrobenzylmercaptopurine riboside-insensitive nucleoside transporter | hENT2 | HNP36 | Hydrophobic nucleolar protein, 36 kDa | Nucleoside transporter, ei-type | Solute carrier family 29 member 2
|
[
"Didanosine",
"Didanosine",
"Didanosine",
"Didanosine",
"Didanosine",
"Didanosine",
"Didanosine",
"Didanosine",
"Didanosine",
"Didanosine",
"Didanosine",
"Didanosine",
"Didanosine",
"Didanosine",
"Didanosine",
"Didanosine",
"Didanosine",
"Didanosine",
"Didanosine",
"Didanosine",
"Didanosine",
"Didanosine",
"Didanosine",
"Videx",
"Videx",
"Videx Chewable Dispersible Tab 100mg",
"Videx Chewable Dispersible Tab 150mg",
"Videx Chewable Dispersible Tab 25mg",
"Videx Chewable Dispersible Tab 50mg",
"Videx EC",
"Videx EC",
"Videx EC",
"Videx EC",
"Videx EC",
"Videx EC",
"Videx EC",
"Videx EC",
"Videx EC",
"Videx EC",
"Videx Pediatric Powder Sol 4g/bott"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"P03366",
"P00491"
] |
[] |
[
"P02768"
] |
[
"Q4U2R8",
"Q99808",
"Q14542"
] |
DB02189
|
2',3'-Dideoxyadenosine triphosphate
| null |
solid
| null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues
|
Purine nucleotides
|
Purine deoxyribonucleotides
|
[
"experimental"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
2',3'-DDATP | 2',3'-Dideoxy-ATP | 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate | 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine triphosphate | DDATP | Dideoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate | Pr160Gag-Pol | 2.7.7.31 | TDT | Terminal addition enzyme | Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase | Terminal transferase
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
"P03366",
"P04053"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00901
|
Bitolterol
|
Bitolterol mesylate was used to treat bronchospasms in asthma and COPD. It is a beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonist. Bitolterol was withdrawn from the market by Elan Pharmaceuticals in 2001.
|
solid
|
Used to dilate air passages in the lungs that have become narrowed as a result of disease or inflammation. It is used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
|
Bitolterol, an adrenergic bronchodilator, is a prodrug that widens constricted airways in the lungs by relaxing the smooth muscles that surround the bronchial passages. Bitolterol probably does not affect the inflammation in the lung, such as in bronchitis. Bitolterol is unique in that it is a prodrug because it must first be metabolized by the body before it becomes active.
|
Bitolterol is an adrenergic beta-2 agonist. Asthma results from a narrowing of the bronchial tubes. This narrowing is caused by muscle spasm and inflammation within the bronchial tubes. Agonism of the beta-2 adrenergic receptors by bitolterol leads to a relaxation of the smooth muscles surrounding these airway tubes which then increases the diameter and ease of air flow through the tubes.
| null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Phenylpropanoids and polyketides
|
Depsides and depsidones
| null |
[
"withdrawn"
] |
[
"R03AC",
"R03A",
"R03",
"R"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[] |
[] |
4-(2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl)-o-phenylene di-p-toluate | 4-[2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]-o-phenylene di-p-toluate | bis(4-methylbenzoic acid) 4-[2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1,2-phenylene ester | Bitolterol | Bitoltérol | Bitolterolum | ADRB3R | B3AR | Beta-3 adrenoceptor | Beta-3 adrenoreceptor | ADRB2R | B2AR | Beta-2 adrenoceptor | Beta-2 adrenoreceptor
|
[] |
[
"Tornalate"
] |
[] |
[
"P13945",
"P07550"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00902
|
Methdilazine
|
Methdilazine is a phenothiazine compound with antihistaminic activity. It is used in the treatment of various dermatoses to relieve pruritus.
|
solid
|
Used for the symptomatic relief of hypersensitivity reactions and particularly for the control of pruritic skin disorders
|
In allergic reactions an allergen interacts with and cross-links surface IgE antibodies on mast cells and basophils. Once the mast cell-antibody-antigen complex is formed, a complex series of events occurs that eventually leads to cell-degranulation and the release of histamine (and other chemical mediators) from the mast cell or basophil. Once released, histamine can react with local or widespread tissues through histamine receptors. Histamine, acting on H<sub>1</sub>-receptors, produces pruritis, vasodilatation, hypotension, flushing, headache, tachycardia, and bronchoconstriction. Histamine also increases vascular permeability and potentiates pain. Methdilazine is a histamine H<sub>1</sub> antagonist. It competes with histamine for the normal H<sub>1</sub>-receptor sites on effector cells of the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels and respiratory tract. It provides effective, temporary relief of sneezing, watery and itchy eyes, and runny nose due to hay fever and other upper respiratory allergies.
|
Methdilazine binds to the histamine H<sub>1</sub> receptor. This blocks the action of endogenous histamine, which subsequently leads to temporary relief of the negative symptoms brought on by histamine.
|
Well absorbed in the digestive tract.
| null |
Symptoms of overdose include clumsiness or unsteadiness, convulsions, drowsiness, dryness of mouth, nose, or throat, feeling faint, flushing or redness of face, hallucinations, muscle spasms (especially of neck and back), restlessness, shortness of breath or troubled breathing, shuffling walk, tic-like movements of head and face, trembling and shaking of hands, and trouble in sleeping.
| null | null | null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Benzothiazines
|
Phenothiazines
|
[
"approved"
] |
[
"R06AD",
"R06A",
"R06",
"R"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[] |
[] |
Methdilazine | Methdilazinum | Metodilazina | H1-R | H1R | HH1R
|
[] |
[
"Dilosyn",
"Tacaryl"
] |
[] |
[
"P35367"
] |
[] |
[] |
[] |
DB00904
|
Ondansetron
|
A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.
Having been developed in the 1980s by GlaxoSmithKline and approved by the US FDA since January 1991, ondansetron has demonstrated a long history of use and efficacy. Commonly formulated as oral tablets, orally disintegrating tablets (ODT), and injections, and available as generic products as well, ondansetron continues to see contemporary innovations in its formulation and use, including the development of orally soluble films that are both discreet in administration and less of a burden in comparison to having patients attempt to swallow pills during emesis.[L5221]
The FDA withdrew its approval for the use of all intravenous drug products containing more than 16 mg of ondansetron hydrochloride in a single dose, due to a high risk of QT prolongation.[L44067,L43942]
|
solid
|
In the adult patient population:
i) orally administered ondansetron tablets and orally disintegrating tablets (ODT) are indicated for:
- the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with emetogenic cancer chemotherapy, including high dose (ie. greater than or equal to 50 mg/m2) cisplatin therapy, and radiotherapy, and
- the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting
ii) intravenously administered ondansetron injection formulations are indicated for:
- the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with emetogenic cancer chemotherapy, including high dose (ie. greater than or equal to 50 mg/m2) cisplatin therapy, and
- the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting
In the pediatric (4-18 years of age) patient population:
i) ondansetron was effective and well tolerated when given to children 4-12 years of age for the treatment of post-chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting,
ii) ondansetron tablets, ondansetron ODT, ondansetron injection are not indicated for the treatment of children 3 years of age or younger,
iii) ondansetron tablets, ondansetron ODT, ondansetron injection are not indicated for use in any age group of the pediatric population for the treatment of post-radiotherapy induced nausea and vomiting, and
iV) ondansetron tablets, ondansetron ODT, ondansetron injection are not indicated for use in any age group of the pediatric population for the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting
In the geriatric (>65 years of age) patient population:
i) efficacy and tolerance of ondansetron were similar to that observed in younger adults for the treatment of post-chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and
ii) clinical experience in the use of ondansetron in the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting is limited and is not indicated for use in the geriatric patient population
|
Ondansetron is a highly specific and selective serotonin 5-HT<sub>3</sub> receptor antagonist, not shown to have activity at other known serotonin receptors and with low affinity for dopamine receptors [FDA Label], [A1160, A1161]. The serotonin 5-HT<sub>3</sub> receptors are located on the nerve terminals of the vagus in the periphery, and centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the area postrema [FDA Label], [A1160, A1161]. The temporal relationship between the emetogenic action of emetogenic drugs and the release of serotonin, as well as the efficacy of antiemetic agents, suggest that chemotherapeutic agents release serotonin from the enterochromaffin cells of the small intestine by causing degenerative changes in the GI tract [FDA Label], [A1160, A1161]. The serotonin then stimulates the vagal and splanchnic nerve receptors that project to the medullary vomiting center, as well as the 5-HT<sub>3</sub> receptors in the area postrema, thus initiating the vomiting reflex, causing nausea and vomiting [FDA Label], [A1160, A1161].
Moreover, the effect of ondansetron on the QTc interval was evaluated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo and positive (moxifloxacin) controlled, crossover study in 58 healthy adult men and women [F3181, F3184]. Ondansetron was tested at single doses of 8 mg and 32 mg infused intravenously over 15 minutes [F3181, F3184]. At the highest tested dose of 32 mg, prolongation of the Fridericia-corrected QTc interval (QT/RR0.33=QTcF) was observed from 15 min to 4 h after the start of the 15 min infusion, with a maximum mean (upper limit of 90% CI) difference in QTcF from placebo after baseline-correction of 19.6 (21.5) msec at 20 min [F3181, F3184]. At the lower tested dose of 8 mg, QTc prolongation was observed from 15 min to 1 h after the start of the 15-minute infusion, with a maximum mean (upper limit of 90% CI) difference in QTcF from placebo after baseline-correction of 5.8 (7.8) msec at 15 min [F3181, F3184]. The magnitude of QTc prolongation with ondansetron is expected to be greater if the infusion rate is faster than 15 minutes [F3181, F3184]. The 32 mg intravenous dose of ondansetron must not be administered [F3181, F3184]. No treatment-related effects on the QRS duration or the PR interval were observed at either the 8 or 32 mg dose [F3181, F3184].
An ECG assessment study has not been performed for orally administered ondansetron [F3181, F3184]. On the basis of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling, an 8 mg oral dose of ondansetron is predicted to cause a mean QTcF increase of 0.7 ms (90% CI -2.1, 3.3) at steady-state, assuming a mean maximal plasma concentration of 24.7 ng/mL (95% CI 21.1, 29.0) [F3181, F3184]. The magnitude of QTc prolongation at the recommended 5 mg/m2 dose in pediatrics has not been studied, but pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling predicts a mean increase of 6.6 ms (90% CI 2.8, 10.7) at maximal plasma concentrations [F3181, F3184].
In healthy subjects, single intravenous doses of 0.15 mg/kg of ondansetron had no effect on esophageal motility, gastric motility, lower esophageal sphincter pressure, or small intestinal transit time [F3178]. Multiday administration of ondansetron has been shown to slow colonic transit in healthy subjects [F3178]. Ondansetron has no effect on plasma prolactin concentrations [F3178].
|
Ondansetron is a selective antagonist of the serotonin receptor subtype, 5-HT3 [F3178, F3181, F3184].
Cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy are associated with the release of serotonin (5-HT) from enterochromaffin cells of the small intestine, presumably initiating a vomiting reflex through stimulation of 5-HT3 receptors located on vagal afferents [F3178, F3181, F3184]. Ondansetron may block the initiation of this reflex. Activation of vagal afferents may also cause a central release of serotonin from the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the area postrema, located on the floor of the fourth ventricle [F3178, F3181, F3184]. Thus, the antiemetic effect of ondansetron is probably due to the selective antagonism of 5-HT3 receptors on neurons located in either the peripheral or central nervous systems, or both [F3178, F3181, F3184].
Although the mechanisms of action of ondansetron in treating postoperative nausea and vomiting and cytotoxic induced nausea and vomiting may share similar pathways, the role of ondansetron in opiate-induced emesis has not yet been formally established [F3181, F3184].
|
Ondansetron is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and undergoes some limited first-pass metabolism [F3178]. Mean bioavailability in healthy subjects, following administration of a single 8-mg tablet, was recorded as being approximately 56% to 60% [F3178, F3181, F3184]. Bioavailability is also slightly enhanced by the presence of food [F3178].
Ondansetron systemic exposure does not increase proportionately to dose [F3178]. The AUC from a 16-mg tablet was 24% greater than predicted from an 8-mg tablet dose [F3178]. This may reflect some reduction of first-pass metabolism at higher oral doses [F3178].
|
In vitro metabolism studies have shown that ondansetron is a substrate for human hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 [F3178, F3181, F3184]. In terms of overall ondansetron turnover, CYP3A4 played the predominant role [F3178, F3181, F3184]. Because of the multiplicity of metabolic enzymes capable of metabolizing ondansetron, it is likely that inhibition or loss of one enzyme (e.g. CYP2D6 enzyme deficiency) will be compensated by others and may result in little change in overall rates of ondansetron clearance [F3178, F3181, F3184].
Following oral or IV administration, ondansetron is extensively metabolised and excreted in the urine and faeces [F3178, F3181, F3184]. In humans, less than 10% of the dose is excreted unchanged in the urine [F3178, F3181, F3184]. The major urinary metabolites are glucuronide conjugates (45%), sulphate conjugates (20%) and hydroxylation products (10%) [F3178, F3181, F3184]. The primary metabolic pathway is subsequently hydroxylation on the indole ring followed by subsequent glucuronide or sulfate conjugation [F3178, F3181, F3184]. Although some nonconjugated metabolites have pharmacologic activity, these are not found in plasma at concentrations likely to significantly contribute to the biological activity of ondansetron [F3178, F3181, F3184].
|
At present, there is little information concerning overdosage with ondansetron [F3178, F3181, F3184]. Nevertheless, there have been certain cases of somewhat idiosyncratic adverse effects associated with particular dosages of ondansetron used [F3178, F3181, F3184].
“Sudden blindness” (amaurosis) of 2 to 3 minutes duration plus severe constipation occurred in one patient that was administered 72 mg of ondansetron intravenously as a single dose [F3178, F3181, F3184]. Hypotension (and faintness) occurred in another patient that took 48 mg of oral ondansetron [F3178, F3181, F3184]. Following infusion of 32 mg over only a 4-minute period, a vasovagal episode with transient second-degree heart block was observed [F3178, F3181, F3184]. Neuromuscular abnormalities, autonomic instability, somnolence, and a brief generalized tonic-clonic seizure (which resolved after a dose of benzodiazepine) were observed in a 12-month-old infant who ingested seven or eight 8-mg ondansetron tablets (approximately forty times the recommended 0.1-0.15 mg/kg dose for a pediatric patient) [F3178, F3181, F3184]. In all instances, however, the events resolved completely [F3178, F3181, F3184].
The safety of ondansetron for use in human pregnancy has not been established [F3181, F3184]. Ondansetron is not teratogenic in animals [F3181, F3184]. However, as animal studies are not always predictive of human response, the use of ondansetron in pregnancy is not recommended [F3181, F3184].
Ondansetron is excreted in the milk of lactating rats [F3181, F3184]. It is not known if it is excreted in human milk, however, nursing is not recommended during treatment with ondansetron [F3181, F3184].
Insufficient information is available to provide dosage recommendations for children 3 years of age or younger [F3181, F3184].
|
The half-life of ondansetron after either an 8 mg oral dose or intravenous dose was approximately 3-4 hours and could be extended to 6-8 hours in the elderly [F3181, F3184].
|
The plasma protein binding associated with ondansetron was documented as approximately 73% [F3181, F3184].
|
Following oral or IV administration, ondansetron is extensively metabolised and excreted in the urine and faeces [F3181, F3184].
|
The volume of distribution of ondansetron has been recorded as being approximately 160L [A174250].
|
The clearance values determined for ondansetron in various patient age groups were recorded as approximately 0.38 L/h/kg in normal adult volunteers aged 19-40 yrs, 0.32 L/h/kg in normal adult volunteers aged 61-74 yrs, 0.26 L/h/kg in normal adult volunteers aged >=75 yrs [FDA Label].
|
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Indoles and derivatives
|
Carbazoles
|
[
"approved",
"withdrawn"
] |
[
"A04AA",
"A04A",
"A04",
"A"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.53",
"description": "Apo-Ondansetron 0.8 mg/ml Solution",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "2.3",
"description": "Zofran 0.8 mg/ml Solution",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "3.13",
"description": "Ondansetron hcl 4 mg/2 ml vial",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "6.23",
"description": "Ondansetron (Preservative Free) 2 mg/ml",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "6.23",
"description": "Ondansetron (Preserved) 2 mg/ml",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "6.23",
"description": "Ondansetron (Unpreserved) 2 mg/ml",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "6.23",
"description": "Ondansetron (With Preservative) 2 mg/ml",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "6.23",
"description": "Ondansetron Omega (Preservative Free) 2 mg/ml",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "6.23",
"description": "Ondansetron Omega (With Preservative) 2 mg/ml",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "7.9",
"description": "Apo-Ondansetron 4 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "7.9",
"description": "Co Ondansetron 4 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "7.9",
"description": "Jamp-Ondansetron 4 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "7.9",
"description": "Mint-Ondansetron 4 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "7.9",
"description": "Mylan-Ondansetron 4 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "7.9",
"description": "Novo-Ondansetron 4 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "7.9",
"description": "Ondansetron-Odan 4 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "7.9",
"description": "Phl-Ondansetron 4 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "7.9",
"description": "Pms-Ondansetron 4 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "7.9",
"description": "Ran-Ondansetron 4 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "7.9",
"description": "Ratio-Ondansetron 4 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "7.9",
"description": "Sandoz Ondansetron 4 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "11.12",
"description": "Zofran 2 mg/ml",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "12.06",
"description": "Apo-Ondansetron 8 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "12.06",
"description": "Co Ondansetron 8 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "12.06",
"description": "Jamp-Ondansetron 8 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "12.06",
"description": "Mint-Ondansetron 8 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "12.06",
"description": "Mylan-Ondansetron 8 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "12.06",
"description": "Novo-Ondansetron 8 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "12.06",
"description": "Ondansetron-Odan 8 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "12.06",
"description": "Phl-Ondansetron 8 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "12.06",
"description": "Pms-Ondansetron 8 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "12.06",
"description": "Ran-Ondansetron 8 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "12.06",
"description": "Ratio-Ondansetron 8 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "12.06",
"description": "Sandoz Ondansetron 8 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "12.82",
"description": "Zofran 2 mg/ml vial",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "12.82",
"description": "Zofran 4 mg/2 ml vial",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "14.74",
"description": "Zofran Odt 4 mg Disintegrating Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "15.09",
"description": "Zofran 4 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "22.3",
"description": "Ondansetron odt 4 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "22.49",
"description": "Zofran Odt 8 mg Disintegrating Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "23.02",
"description": "Zofran 8 mg Tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "25.07",
"description": "Ondansetron hcl 4 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "25.07",
"description": "Zofran odt 4 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "27.11",
"description": "Zofran 4 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "37.13",
"description": "Ondansetron odt 8 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "40.75",
"description": "Ondansetron hcl 8 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "41.76",
"description": "Zofran odt 8 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "45.16",
"description": "Zofran 8 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "105.5",
"description": "Ondansetron hcl 24 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "177.0",
"description": "Ondansetron hcl powder",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "695.53",
"description": "Ondansetron 30 4 mg Dispersible Tablet Box",
"unit": "box"
},
{
"cost": "782.26",
"description": "Zofran ODT 30 4 mg Dispersible Tablet Box",
"unit": "box"
},
{
"cost": "1158.51",
"description": "Ondansetron 30 8 mg Dispersible Tablet Box",
"unit": "box"
},
{
"cost": "0.17",
"description": "Ondansetron 40 mg/20 ml vial",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.42",
"description": "Ondansetron hcl 32 mg/50 ml bg",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.86",
"description": "Ondansetron 32 mg/50 ml bag",
"unit": "ml"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "1994-09-06",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2011-09-06",
"number": "5344658"
},
{
"approved": "2000-05-30",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2015-11-20",
"number": "2205600"
},
{
"approved": "1999-09-21",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2016-05-14",
"number": "5955488"
},
{
"approved": "2000-05-16",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2016-05-14",
"number": "6063802"
},
{
"approved": "1998-12-29",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2016-05-20",
"number": "5854270"
},
{
"approved": "2015-08-04",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2030-07-13",
"number": "9095577"
},
{
"approved": "2013-11-12",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2029-11-23",
"number": "8580830"
}
] |
Ondansetron | 5-HT-3 | 5-HT3-A | 5-HT3A | 5-HT3R | 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3 | 5HT3R | HTR3 | Serotonin receptor 3A | Serotonin-gated ion channel receptor | 5-HT-4 | 5-HT4 | Serotonin receptor 4 | hMOP | M-OR-1 | MOP | MOR-1 | MOR1 | Mu opiate receptor | Mu opioid receptor | 5-HT-1A | 5-HT1A | ADRB2RL1 | ADRBRL1 | G-21 | Serotonin receptor 1A | 5-HT-1B | 5-HT-1D-beta | 5-HT1B | HTR1DB | S12 | Serotonin 1D beta receptor | Serotonin receptor 1B | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYPIA2 | Cytochrome P(3)450 | Cytochrome P450 4 | Cytochrome P450-P3 | Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase | 1.14.14.- | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2DL1 | CYPIID6 | Cytochrome P450-DB1 | Debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIIA5 | Cytochrome P450-PCN3 | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIIA7 | Cytochrome P450-HFLA | P450HLp2 | (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2C10 | CYPIIC9 | Cytochrome P-450MP | Cytochrome P450 MP-4 | Cytochrome P450 MP-8 | Cytochrome P450 PB-1 | S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | 1.14.14.1 | 4-nitrophenol 2-hydroxylase | CYP2E | CYPIIE1 | Cytochrome P450-J
|
[
"Accel-ondansetron",
"Accel-ondansetron",
"Accel-ondansetron ODT",
"Accel-ondansetron ODT",
"Ag-ondansetron",
"Ag-ondansetron",
"Apo-ondansetron",
"Apo-ondansetron",
"Apo-ondansetron",
"Athena-ondansetron ODT",
"Athena-ondansetron ODT",
"Auro-ondansetron Injection",
"Auro-ondansetron Injection",
"Auro-ondansetron Injection",
"Auro-ondansetron ODT",
"Auro-ondansetron ODT",
"Ava-ondansetron",
"Bio-ondansetron",
"Bio-ondansetron",
"Ccp-ondansetron",
"Ccp-ondansetron",
"Dom-ondansetron",
"Dom-ondansetron",
"Eugia-ondansetron Injection",
"Eugia-ondansetron Injection",
"Eugia-ondansetron Injection",
"Ipg-ondansetron",
"Ipg-ondansetron",
"Jamp Ondansetron",
"Jamp Ondansetron Odf",
"Jamp Ondansetron Odf",
"Jamp-ondansetron",
"Jamp-ondansetron",
"Jamp-ondansetron",
"Jamp-ondansetron",
"Mar-ondansetron",
"Mar-ondansetron",
"Mar-ondansetron ODT",
"Mar-ondansetron ODT",
"Mint-ondansetron",
"Mint-ondansetron",
"Mint-ondansetron ODT",
"Mint-ondansetron ODT",
"Mint-ondansetron Solution",
"MKO Melt",
"MKO Melt Dose Pack",
"Mpm Pak",
"Mpm Pak",
"Mpm Pak",
"Mylan-ondansetron",
"Mylan-ondansetron",
"Nat-ondansetron",
"Nat-ondansetron",
"Nu-ondansetron",
"Nu-ondansetron",
"Nu-ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
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"Ondansetron",
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"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
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"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
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"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
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"Ondansetron",
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"Ondansetron",
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"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
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"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
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"Ondansetron",
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"Ondansetron",
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"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
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"Ondansetron",
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"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
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"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
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"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
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"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
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"Ondansetron",
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"Ondansetron",
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"Ondansetron",
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"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
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"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
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"Ondansetron",
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"Ondansetron",
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"Ondansetron",
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"Ondansetron",
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"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron",
"Ondansetron and Dextrose",
"Ondansetron HCL",
"Ondansetron HCL",
"Ondansetron HCL",
"Ondansetron HCL",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride and Dextrose",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride and Dextrose",
"Ondansetron hydrochloride and dextrose",
"Ondansetron hydrochloride and dextrose",
"Ondansetron hydrochloride and dextrose",
"Ondansetron Hydrochloride Dihydrate Injection",
"Ondansetron Injection",
"Ondansetron Injection",
"Ondansetron Injection",
"Ondansetron Injection BP",
"Ondansetron Injection BP",
"Ondansetron Injection USP",
"Ondansetron Injection USP",
"Ondansetron Injection USP",
"Ondansetron Injection USP",
"Ondansetron Injection USP",
"Ondansetron Injection USP",
"Ondansetron Injection USP -(preservative Free)",
"Ondansetron Injection USP -(preservative Free)",
"Ondansetron Injection USP -(with Preservative)",
"Ondansetron Injection USP -(with Preservatives)",
"Ondansetron Injection, USP",
"Ondansetron Injection, USP",
"Ondansetron Injection, USP",
"Ondansetron Injection, USP",
"Ondansetron Injection, USP",
"Ondansetron Injection, USP",
"Ondansetron Injection, USP",
"Ondansetron Injection, USP",
"Ondansetron Injection, USP",
"Ondansetron ODT",
"Ondansetron ODT",
"Ondansetron ODT",
"Ondansetron ODT",
"Ondansetron ODT",
"Ondansetron ODT",
"Ondansetron ODT",
"Ondansetron ODT",
"Ondansetron Omega -(preservative Free - Single Dose Vials)",
"Ondansetron Omega -(with Preservative - Multidose Vial)",
"Ondansetron-odan",
"Ondansetron-odan",
"Ondissolve Odf",
"Ondissolve Odf",
"PHL-ondansetron",
"PHL-ondansetron",
"PMS-ondansetron",
"PMS-ondansetron",
"PMS-ondansetron ODT",
"PMS-ondansetron ODT",
"Priva-ondansetron",
"Priva-ondansetron",
"Ran-ondansetron",
"Ran-ondansetron",
"Ratio-ondansetron",
"Ratio-ondansetron",
"Riva-ondansetron",
"Riva-ondansetron",
"Sandoz Ondansetron",
"Sandoz Ondansetron",
"Septa-ondansetron",
"Septa-ondansetron",
"Sumansetron",
"Teva-ondansetron",
"Teva-ondansetron",
"Teva-ondansetron",
"Teva-ondansetron",
"Van-ondansetron",
"Van-ondansetron",
"Zofran",
"Zofran",
"Zofran",
"Zofran",
"Zofran",
"Zofran",
"Zofran",
"Zofran",
"Zofran",
"Zofran",
"Zofran",
"Zofran",
"Zofran",
"Zofran",
"Zofran",
"Zofran",
"Zofran Inj 2mg/ml",
"Zofran ODT",
"Zofran ODT",
"Zofran ODT",
"Zofran ODT",
"Zofran ODT",
"Zofran ODT",
"Zofran ODT",
"Zofran Tab 4mg",
"Zofran Tab 8mg",
"Zuplenz",
"Zuplenz",
"Zuplenz",
"Zuplenz",
"Zuplenz",
"Zuplenz",
"Zuplenz",
"Zuplenz",
"Zym-ondansetron",
"Zym-ondansetron"
] |
[
"Zophren"
] |
[
"MKO Melt Dose Pack",
"MKO Melt",
"Sumansetron",
"Mpm Pak",
"Mpm Pak",
"Mpm Pak"
] |
[
"P46098",
"Q13639",
"P35372",
"P08908",
"P28222"
] |
[
"P08684",
"P05177",
"P10635",
"P20815",
"P24462",
"P11712",
"P05181"
] |
[] |
[] |
DB00905
|
Bimatoprost
|
Bimatoprost, also known as Latisse or Lumigan, belongs to a group of drugs called prostamides, which are synthetic structural analogs of prostaglandin. Bimatoprost, marketed by Allergan, is administered in both the ophthalmic solution and implant form. It has the ability to reduce ocular hypotension, proving effective in conditions such as ocular hypertension and glaucoma.[L6877,L6892,L6898,L12069] Bimatoprost is also used to treat eyelash hypotrichosis, or sparse eyelash growth.[L6910] It was initially approved by the FDA in 2001 for ocular hypertension and later approved for hypothrichosis in 2008, as eyelash growth became a desirable adverse effect for patients using this drug.[L4894]
|
solid
|
Bimatoprost is used for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
These patients must be intolerant to other intraocular pressure lowering medications or inadequately responsive to other treatments.[L6877]
Bimatoprost is also indicated to treat eyelash hypotrichosis.[L6910]
|
High intraocular pressure is a major risk factor for glaucoma-related visual field loss. A linear relationship exists between intraocular pressure and the risk of damaging the optic nerve, which can lead to considerable visual impairment.[L6877] Therefore, conditions such as ocular hypertension and glaucoma can cause dangerous elevations of intraocular pressure. Bimatoprost rapidly decreases intraocular pressure and reduces the risk for visual field loss from ocular hypertension due to various causes.[L6877]
Other effects of this drug may include gradual changes in eyelid pigmentation, changes in iris pigmentation, changes in eyelash pigmentation, growth and thickness.[L6877] Patients should be informed of these possible effects, especially if this drug is only administered to one eye, which may noticeably change in appearance with bimatoprost treatment.[L6877]
|
Bimatoprost imitates the effects of prostamides, specifically prostaglandin F2α.[L6892] Bimatoprost mildly stimulates aqueous humor outflow, relieving elevated intraocular pressure and decreasing the risk of optic nerve damage. It is thought that bimatoprost reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) in humans by causing an increase in outflow of the aqueous humor via the trabecular meshwork and uveoscleral pathways.[L6877] It achieves the above effects by decreasing tonographic resistance to aqueous humor outflow.[A1367] Bimatoprost does not affect aqueous humor production.[A416]
|
This drug is absorbed systemically when administered to the eye. A study was performed on 15 healthy volunteers and bimatoprost ophthalmic solution 0.03% was administered once daily for 14 days. The mean Cmax was approximately 0.08 ng/mL and AUC0-24hr was approximately 0.09 on days 7 and 14 of the study.[L6877] By 10 minutes, peak blood concentration was achieved. Bimatoprost was not detectable at 1.5 hours after administration in most subjects. The maximum blood concentration in a study of 6 healthy volunteers was determined to be 12.2 ng/mL. Steady state was reached in the first week of dosing.[L6877]
One drug label mentions that onset of decreased intraocular pressure occurs approximately 4 hours after the first administration and the peak effect occurs in the range of 8-12 hours. Bimatoprost effects may last up to 24 hours.[L6898]
|
Bimatoprost is hydrolyzed to its active form, bimatoprost acid, in the eye.[L6913] Bimatoprost undergoes oxidation, N-deethylation, and glucuronidation after it is systemically absorbed, and this leads to the production of various metabolites.[L6877] In vitro studies show that CYP3A4 is an enzyme that participates in the metabolism of bimatoprost. Despite this, many enzymes and pathways metabolize bimatoprost, therefore, no significant drug-drug interactions are likely to occur.[L6892] Glucuronidated metabolites comprise most of the excreted drug product in the blood, urine, and feces in rats.[L6892]
|
No information is available at this time regarding bimatoprost overdose in humans. Provide supportive symptomatic treatment if an overdose occurs.[L6877]
|
The elimination half-life of bimatoprost is approximately 45 minutes.[L6877,L6892]
|
Bimatoprost is about 88%-90% bound to plasma proteins.[L6877,L6892]
|
One pharmacokinetic study of bimatoprost in 6 healthy volunteers determined that 67% of the administered dose was found to be excreted in the urine while 25% of the dose was recovered in the feces.[L6877]
|
The volume of distribution at steady state is 0.67 L/kg.[L6877,L6898]. It penetrates the human cornea and sclera.[L6898]
|
The clearance was measured to be 1.5 L/hr/kg in healthy subjects receiving IV administration of bimatoprost dosed at 3.12 ug/kg.[L6877,L6892]
|
Organic compounds
|
Lipids and lipid-like molecules
|
Fatty Acyls
|
Eicosanoids
|
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[
"S01EE",
"S01E",
"S01",
"S"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "12.18",
"description": "Lumigan 0.03 % Solution",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "36.0",
"description": "Latisse 0.03% eyelash solution",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "44.82",
"description": "Lumigan 0.03% eye drops",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "91.16",
"description": "Lumigan .03% 2.5ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "171.4",
"description": "Lumigan .03% 5ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
},
{
"cost": "279.56",
"description": "Lumigan .03% 7.5ml Bottle",
"unit": "bottle"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "2002-06-11",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2012-09-21",
"number": "6403649"
},
{
"approved": "2009-05-19",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2026-03-14",
"number": "2585691"
},
{
"approved": "2003-11-11",
"country": "Canada",
"expires": "2013-09-09",
"number": "2144967"
},
{
"approved": "2012-10-30",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2025-03-16",
"number": "8299118"
},
{
"approved": "2012-11-13",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2025-03-16",
"number": "8309605"
},
{
"approved": "2012-12-25",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2025-03-16",
"number": "8338479"
},
{
"approved": "2013-11-19",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2025-03-16",
"number": "8586630"
},
{
"approved": "2013-09-03",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2025-03-16",
"number": "8524777"
},
{
"approved": "2014-07-08",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2025-03-16",
"number": "8772338"
},
{
"approved": "2015-10-13",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2025-03-16",
"number": "9155716"
},
{
"approved": "2016-01-26",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2025-03-16",
"number": "9241918"
},
{
"approved": "2010-12-14",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2027-06-13",
"number": "7851504"
},
{
"approved": "2015-01-13",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2025-03-16",
"number": "8933120"
},
{
"approved": "2015-01-13",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2025-03-16",
"number": "8933127"
},
{
"approved": "2012-10-02",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2025-03-16",
"number": "8278353"
},
{
"approved": "2014-12-09",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2021-01-31",
"number": "8906962"
},
{
"approved": "2011-10-18",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2023-08-25",
"number": "8038988"
},
{
"approved": "2012-01-24",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2024-05-25",
"number": "8101161"
},
{
"approved": "2012-09-11",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2023-01-15",
"number": "8263054"
},
{
"approved": "2014-01-21",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2023-01-15",
"number": "8632760"
},
{
"approved": "2014-06-24",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2023-01-15",
"number": "8758733"
},
{
"approved": "2015-01-06",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2023-01-15",
"number": "8926953"
},
{
"approved": "2013-09-24",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2021-01-31",
"number": "8541466"
},
{
"approved": "2008-06-17",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2022-01-21",
"number": "7388029"
},
{
"approved": "2008-04-01",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2024-05-25",
"number": "7351404"
},
{
"approved": "2015-12-22",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2023-01-15",
"number": "9216183"
},
{
"approved": "2016-01-05",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2023-01-15",
"number": "9226931"
},
{
"approved": "2015-03-24",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2023-01-15",
"number": "8986715"
},
{
"approved": "2017-02-28",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2021-01-31",
"number": "9579270"
},
{
"approved": "2006-04-25",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2020-10-20",
"number": "7033605"
},
{
"approved": "2012-06-26",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2027-04-07",
"number": "8206737"
},
{
"approved": "2014-03-18",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2025-02-19",
"number": "8673341"
},
{
"approved": "2018-05-29",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2034-10-31",
"number": "9980974"
},
{
"approved": "2019-09-03",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2024-04-30",
"number": "10398707"
},
{
"approved": "2015-10-06",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2026-12-19",
"number": "9149428"
},
{
"approved": "2010-09-21",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2029-04-24",
"number": "7799336"
},
{
"approved": "2014-01-14",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2031-07-15",
"number": "8629185"
},
{
"approved": "2019-10-15",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2026-12-19",
"number": "10441543"
},
{
"approved": "2016-11-15",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2034-10-31",
"number": "9492316"
}
] |
(Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-Dihydroxy-2-((1E,3S)-3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-1-pentenyl)cyclopentyl)-N-ethyl-5-heptenamide | Bimatoprost | Bimatoprostum | PGF receptor | PGF2-alpha receptor | Prostanoid FP receptor | PGE receptor EP1 subtype | PGE2 receptor EP1 subtype | Prostanoid EP1 receptor | PGE receptor EP3 subtype | PGE2 receptor EP3 subtype | PGE2-R | Prostanoid EP3 receptor | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIIA5 | Cytochrome P450-PCN3
|
[
"Apo-bimatoprost",
"Apo-bimatoprost",
"Bimatoprost",
"Bimatoprost",
"Bimatoprost",
"Bimatoprost",
"Bimatoprost",
"Bimatoprost",
"Bimatoprost",
"Bimatoprost",
"Bimatoprost",
"Bimatoprost",
"Bimatoprost",
"Bimatoprost",
"Bimatoprost",
"Bimatoprost",
"Bimatoprost",
"Bimatoprost",
"Bimatoprost",
"Bimatoprost",
"Bimatoprost",
"Bimatoprost",
"Bimatoprost",
"Bimatoprost",
"Bimatoprost",
"Durysta",
"Ganfort",
"Ganfort",
"Ganfort",
"Ganfort",
"Ganfort",
"Latisse",
"Latisse",
"Latisse",
"Lumigan",
"Lumigan",
"Lumigan",
"Lumigan",
"Lumigan",
"Lumigan",
"Lumigan",
"Lumigan",
"Lumigan",
"Lumigan",
"Lumigan",
"Lumigan",
"Lumigan PF",
"Lumigan Rc",
"Vistitan",
"Zimed PF"
] |
[] |
[
"Ganfort",
"Ganfort",
"Ganfort",
"Ganfort",
"Ganfort"
] |
[
"P43088",
"P34995",
"P43115"
] |
[
"P08684",
"P20815"
] |
[] |
[] |
DB00906
|
Tiagabine
|
Tiagabine is an anti-convulsive medication. It is also used in the treatment for panic disorder as are a few other anticonvulsants. Though the exact mechanism by which tiagabine exerts its effect on the human body is unknown, it does appear to operate as a selective GABA reuptake inhibitor.
|
solid
|
For the treatment of partial seizures
|
Tiagabine is used primarily as an anticonvulsant for the adjunctive treatment of epilepsy. The precise mechanism by which Tiagabine exerts its antiseizure effect is unknown, although it is believed to be related to its ability to enhance the activity of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Tiagabine binds to recognition sites associated with the GABA uptake carrier. It is thought that, by this action, Tiagabine blocks GABA uptake into presynaptic neurons, permitting more GABA to be available for receptor binding on the surfaces of post-synaptic cells.
|
Though the exact mechanism by which Tiagabine exerts its effect on the human body is unknown, it does appear to operate as a selective GABA reuptake inhibitor.
|
Tiagabine is nearly completely absorbed (>95%).
|
Tiagabine is likely metabolized primarily by the 3A isoform subfamily of hepatic cytochrome P450.
|
mptoms most often accompanying tiagabine overdose, alone or in combination with other drugs, have included: seizures including status epilepticus in patients with and without underlying seizure disorders, nonconvulsive status epilepticus, coma, ataxia, confusion, somnolence, drowsiness, impaired speech, agitation, lethargy, myoclonus, spike wave stupor, tremors, disorientation, vomiting, hostility, and temporary paralysis. Respiratory depression was seen in a number of patients, including children, in the context of seizures.
|
7-9 hours
|
96%
|
Approximately 2% of an oral dose of tiagabine is excreted unchanged, with 25% and 63% of the remaining dose excreted into the urine and feces, respectively, primarily as metabolites.
| null |
* 109 mL/min [Healthy subjects]
|
Organic compounds
|
Organoheterocyclic compounds
|
Piperidines
|
Piperidinecarboxylic acids and derivatives
|
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[
"N03AG",
"N03A",
"N03",
"N"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "3.9",
"description": "Gabitril 4 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "4.89",
"description": "Gabitril 2 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "6.4",
"description": "Gabitril 12 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "12.53",
"description": "Gabitril 16 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "1991-04-23",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2011-09-30",
"number": "5010090"
},
{
"approved": "1999-09-28",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2017-06-10",
"number": "5958951"
},
{
"approved": "1999-02-02",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2016-04-29",
"number": "5866590"
}
] |
Tiagabina | Tiagabine | Tiagabinum | GABATR | GABT1 | GAT-1 | GAT1 | Solute carrier family 6 member 1 | 2.4.1.17 | Bilirubin-specific UDPGT isozyme 1 | GNT1 | hUG-BR1 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A isoform 1 | UDPGT 1-1 | UGT1 | UGT1-01 | UGT1.1 | UGT1*1 | UGT1A1 | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase
|
[
"Gabitril",
"Gabitril",
"Gabitril",
"Gabitril",
"Gabitril",
"Gabitril",
"Gabitril",
"Gabitril",
"Tiagabine Hydrochloride",
"Tiagabine Hydrochloride",
"Tiagabine Hydrochloride",
"Tiagabine Hydrochloride",
"Tiagabine Hydrochloride",
"Tiagabine Hydrochloride",
"Tiagabine Hydrochloride",
"Tiagabine Hydrochloride",
"Tiagabine Hydrochloride",
"Tiagabine Hydrochloride",
"Tiagabine Hydrochloride",
"Tiagabine Hydrochloride",
"Tiagabine Hydrochloride",
"Tiagabine Hydrochloride",
"Tiagabine Hydrochloride",
"Tiagabine Hydrochloride",
"Tiagabine Hydrochloride",
"Tiagabine Hydrochloride",
"Tiagabine Hydrochloride",
"Tiagabine Hydrochloride",
"Tiagabine Hydrochloride",
"Tiagabine Hydrochloride",
"Tiagabine Hydrochloride",
"Tiagabine Hydrochloride",
"Tiagabine Hydrochloride"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"P30531"
] |
[
"P22309",
"P08684"
] |
[] |
[] |
DB00907
|
Cocaine
|
An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.
|
solid
|
For the introduction of local (topical) anesthesia of accessible mucous membranes of the oral, laryngeal and nasal cavities.
|
Cocaine is a local anesthetic indicated for the introduction of local (topical) anesthesia of accessible mucous membranes of the oral, laryngeal and nasal cavities.
|
Cocaine produces anesthesia by inhibiting excitation of nerve endings or by blocking conduction in peripheral nerves. This is achieved by reversibly binding to and inactivating sodium channels. Sodium influx through these channels is necessary for the depolarization of nerve cell membranes and subsequent propagation of impulses along the course of the nerve. Cocaine is the only local anesthetic with vasoconstrictive properties. This is a result of its blockade of norepinephrine reuptake in the autonomic nervous system. Cocaine binds differentially to the dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine transport proteins and directly prevents the re-uptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine into pre-synaptic neurons. Its effect on dopamine levels is most responsible for the addictive property of cocaine.
|
Cocaine is absorbed from all sites of application, including mucous membranes and gastrointestinal mucosa. By oral or intra-nasal route, 60 to 80% of cocaine is absorbed.
|
Hepatic. Cocaine is metabolized to benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester, which are both excreted in the urine. In the presence of alcohol, a further active metabolite, cocaethylene is formed, and is more toxic then cocaine itself.
|
Intense agitation, convulsions, hypertension, rhythm disturbance, coronary insufficiency, hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, and renal impairment. Oral mouse LD<sub>50</sub> = 96 mg/kg
|
1 hour
| null | null | null | null |
Organic compounds
|
Benzenoids
|
Benzene and substituted derivatives
|
Benzoic acids and derivatives
|
[
"approved",
"illicit"
] |
[
"S01HA",
"S01H",
"S01",
"S",
"S02DA",
"S02D",
"S02",
"S",
"N01BC",
"N01B",
"N01",
"N",
"R02AD",
"R02A",
"R02",
"R"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "6.22",
"description": "Cocaine 4% solution",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "10.68",
"description": "Cocaine 10% solution",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "68.44",
"description": "Cocaine hydrochloride powder",
"unit": "g"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "2018-01-16",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2037-02-07",
"number": "9867815"
},
{
"approved": "2018-07-10",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2037-02-07",
"number": "10016407"
},
{
"approved": "2018-12-11",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2037-02-07",
"number": "10149843"
},
{
"approved": "2019-03-19",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2037-02-07",
"number": "10231961"
},
{
"approved": "2019-09-17",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2037-02-07",
"number": "10413505"
},
{
"approved": "2019-09-24",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2037-02-07",
"number": "10420760"
},
{
"approved": "2020-12-08",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2037-02-07",
"number": "10857095"
},
{
"approved": "2021-01-19",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2037-02-07",
"number": "10894012"
},
{
"approved": "2021-03-02",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2037-02-07",
"number": "10933060"
},
{
"approved": "2021-04-13",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2037-02-07",
"number": "10973811"
},
{
"approved": "2021-04-27",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2037-02-07",
"number": "10987347"
},
{
"approved": "2021-06-22",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2037-02-07",
"number": "11040032"
}
] |
(-)-Cocaine | (−)-cocaine | [1R-(exo,exo)]-3-(benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid, methyl ester | 2-methyl-3β-hydroxy-1αH,5αH-tropane-2β-carboxylate benzoate (ester) | Benzoylmethylecgonine | beta-Cocain | Cocain | Cocaina | Cocaine | Cocainum | Kokain | L-Cocain | L-Cocaine | methyl [1R-(exo,exo)]-3-(benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate | Methyl benzoylecgonine | Neurocaine | DA transporter | DAT | DAT1 | Solute carrier family 6 member 3 | NAT1 | NET | NET1 | Norepinephrine transporter | SLC6A5 | Solute carrier family 6 member 2 | NAC1 | SCN1 | Sodium channel protein brain I subunit alpha | Sodium channel protein type I subunit alpha | Voltage-gated sodium channel subunit alpha Nav1.1 | hPN3 | Peripheral nerve sodium channel 3 | PN3 | Sodium channel protein type X subunit alpha | Voltage-gated sodium channel subunit alpha Nav1.8 | hNaN | Peripheral nerve sodium channel 5 | PN5 | SCN12A | Sensory neuron sodium channel 2 | SNS2 | Sodium channel protein type XI subunit alpha | Voltage-gated sodium channel subunit alpha Nav1.9 | HBA | HBSC II | NAC2 | SCN2A1 | SCN2A2 | Sodium channel protein brain II subunit alpha | Sodium channel protein type II subunit alpha | Voltage-gated sodium channel subunit alpha Nav1.2 | KIAA1356 | NAC3 | Sodium channel protein brain III subunit alpha | Sodium channel protein type III subunit alpha | Voltage-gated sodium channel subtype III | Voltage-gated sodium channel subunit alpha Nav1.3 | SkM1 | Sodium channel protein skeletal muscle subunit alpha | Sodium channel protein type IV subunit alpha | Voltage-gated sodium channel subunit alpha Nav1.4 | hH1 | Sodium channel protein cardiac muscle subunit alpha | Sodium channel protein type V subunit alpha | Voltage-gated sodium channel subunit alpha Nav1.5 | Atypical sodium channel Nav2.1 | Nax channel | SCN6A | Sodium channel protein type VII subunit alpha | MED | Sodium channel protein type VIII subunit alpha | Voltage-gated sodium channel subunit alpha Nav1.6 | hNE-Na | NENA | Neuroendocrine sodium channel | Peripheral sodium channel 1 | PN1 | Sodium channel protein type IX subunit alpha | Voltage-gated sodium channel subunit alpha Nav1.7 | KIAA1158 | 5HT transporter | 5HTT | HTT | SERT | Solute carrier family 6 member 4 | Aging-associated gene 8 protein | hSigmaR1 | OPRS1 | SIG-1R | Sigma 1-type opioid receptor | Sigma1-receptor | Sigma1R | SR-BP | SR31747-binding protein | SRBP | ACAT | Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase | Brain carboxylesterase hBr1 | Carboxylesterase 1 | CE-1 | CEH | CES2 | Cholesteryl ester hydrolase | Cocaine carboxylesterase | Egasyn | hCE-1 | HMSE | Methylumbelliferyl-acetate deacetylase 1 | Monocyte/macrophage serine esterase | REH | Retinyl ester hydrolase | Serine esterase 1 | SES1 | TGH | Triacylglycerol hydrolase | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.- | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2DL1 | CYPIID6 | Cytochrome P450-DB1 | Debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIC8 | Cytochrome P450 form 1 | Cytochrome P450 IIC2 | Cytochrome P450 MP-12 | Cytochrome P450 MP-20 | S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | 3.1.1.8 | Acylcholine acylhydrolase | Butyrylcholine esterase | CHE1 | Choline esterase II | Pseudocholinesterase | ACAT | Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase | Brain carboxylesterase hBr1 | Carboxylesterase 1 | CE-1 | CEH | CES2 | Cholesteryl ester hydrolase | Cocaine carboxylesterase | Egasyn | hCE-1 | HMSE | Methylumbelliferyl-acetate deacetylase 1 | Monocyte/macrophage serine esterase | REH | Retinyl ester hydrolase | Serine esterase 1 | SES1 | TGH | Triacylglycerol hydrolase | AGP 1 | AGP1 | OMD 1 | Orosomucoid-1 | AGP 2 | AGP2 | OMD 2 | Orosomucoid-2 | hOCT2 | OCT2 | Organic cation transporter 2 | DA transporter | DAT | DAT1 | Solute carrier family 6 member 3
|
[
"Cocaine Hydrochloride",
"Cocaine Hydrochloride",
"Cocaine Hydrochloride",
"Cocaine Hydrochloride",
"Cocaine Hydrochloride Nasal",
"Cocaine Hydrochloride Nasal",
"Cocaine Hydrochloride Top Sol 40mg/ml",
"Cocaine Hydrochloride Topical Sol 10%",
"Goprelto",
"Goprelto",
"Numbrino",
"Numbrino",
"PMS-cocaine Hydrochloride Topical Sol 10%",
"PMS-cocaine Hydrochloride Topical Sol 4%"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Q01959",
"P23975",
"P35498",
"Q9Y5Y9",
"Q9UI33",
"Q99250",
"Q9NY46",
"P35499",
"Q14524",
"Q01118",
"Q9UQD0",
"Q15858",
"Q07699",
"O60939",
"Q9NY72",
"Q8IWT1",
"P31645",
"P11229",
"P08172",
"Q99720",
"P23141"
] |
[
"P08684",
"P10635",
"P10632",
"P06276",
"P23141"
] |
[
"P02763",
"P19652"
] |
[
"O15244",
"Q01959"
] |
DB00908
|
Quinidine
|
Quinidine is a D-isomer of [quinine] present in the bark of the Cinchona tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid was first described in 1848 and has a long history as an antiarrhythmic medication.[A38016,A250050] Quinidine is considered the first antiarrhythmic drug (class Ia) and is moderately efficacious in the acute conversion of atrial fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm.[A38016] It prolongs cellular action potential by blocking sodium and potassium currents. A phenomenon known as “quinidine syncope” was first described in the 1950s, characterized by syncopal attacks and ventricular fibrillation in patients treated with this drug.[A38016] Due to its side effects and increased risk of mortality, the use of quinidine was reduced over the next few decades. However, it continues to be used in the treatment of Brugada syndrome, short QT syndrome and idiopathic ventricular fibrillation.[A250050]
|
solid
|
Quinidine is indicated for the management and prophylactic therapy of atrial fibrillation/flutter, as well as the suppression of recurrent documented ventricular arrhythmias.[L42420,L3719] It is also used in the treatment of Brugada syndrome, short QT syndrome and idiopathic ventricular fibrillation.[A250050,A250055].
|
Quinidine is an antimalarial schizonticide, and a class Ia antiarrhythmic agent used to interrupt or prevent reentrant arrhythmias and arrhythmias due to increased automaticity, such as atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.[L3719] In most patients, quinidine can lead to an increase in the sinus rate. Quinidine also causes a marked prolongation of the QT interval in a dose-related manner,[A38016,L42420] acts peripherally as an α-adrenergic antagonist, and has anticholinergic and negative inotropic activity.[L3719]
The QT interval prolongation caused by quinidine can lead to increased ventricular automaticity and polymorphic ventricular tachycardias, such as _torsades de pointes_. The risk of _torsades_ is increased by bradycardia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia or high serum levels of quinidine. However, this type of rhythm disturbance may appear in the absence of any of them.[L42420,L3719] Patients treated with quinidine may also be at risk of a paradoxical increase in ventricular rate in atrial flutter/fibrillation, and patients with sick sinus syndrome treated with quinidine may develop marked sinus node depression and bradycardia.[L42420,L3719]
|
Quinidine has a complex electrophysiological profile that has not been fully elucidated. The antiarrhythmic actions of this drug are mediated through effects on sodium channels in Purkinje fibers. Quinidine blocks the rapid sodium channel (I<sub>Na</sub>), decreasing the phase zero of rapid depolarization of the action potential.[A250050] Quinidine also reduces repolarizing K<sup>+</sup> currents (I<sub>Kr</sub>, I<sub>Ks</sub>), the inward rectifier potassium current (I<sub>K1</sub>), and the transient outward potassium current I<sub>to</sub>, as well as the L-type calcium current I<sub>Ca</sub> and the late I<sub>Na</sub> inward current.[A250050] The reduction of these currents leads to the prolongation of the action potential duration. By shortening the plateau but prolonging late depolarization, quinidine facilitates the formation of early afterdepolarisation (EAD).[A250050] Additionally, in patients with malaria, quinidine acts primarily as an intra-erythrocytic schizonticide, and is gametocidal to _Plasmodium vivax_ and _P. malariae_, but not to _P. falciparum_.[L42420,L3719]
|
The absolute bioavailability of quinidine sulfate is approximately 70%, but it ranges from 45% to 100%. The less-than-complete quinidine sulfate bioavailability is a result of first-pass metabolism in the liver.[L42420] In contrast, the absolute bioavailability of quinidine gluconate ranges from 70% to 80%, and relative to quinidine sulfate, quinidine from quinidine gluconate has a bioavailability of 1.03.[L3719] The t<sub>max</sub> of quinidine sulfate extended-release tablets is approximately 6 h[L42420], while the t<sub>max</sub> of quinidine gluconate goes from 3 to 5 h.[L3719] The peak serum concentration reached with immediate-release quinidine sulfate is delayed for about an hour when taken with food. Furthermore, the ingestion of grapefruit juice may decrease the rate of absorption of quinidine.[L42420,L3719]
|
Quinidine is mainly metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 enzymes, specifically CYP3A4. The major metabolite of quinidine is 3-hydroxy-quinidine, which has a volume of distribution larger than quinidine and an elimination half-life of about 12 hours.[L42420,L3719] Non-clinical and clinical studies suggest that 3-hydroxy-quinidine has approximately half the antiarrhythmic activity of quinidine; therefore, this metabolite is partly responsible for the effects detected with the chronic use of quinidine.[L42420,L3719]
|
Quinidine overdoses have been well described. The ingestion of 5 g of quinidine resulted in the death of a toddler, while an adolescent was reported to survive after ingesting 8 g of quinidine.[L42420,L3719] A 16-month that ingested quinidine tablets developed a concretion of bezoar in the stomach, which led to non-declining toxic levels of quinidine. A gastric aspirate revealed that quinidine levels were 50 times higher than the ones detected in plasma. In cases of massive overdose, it may be appropriate to perform an endoscopy.[L42420] Acute quinidine overdoses are characterized by ventricular arrhythmias and hypotension. Other signs and symptoms of quinidine overdose may include vomiting, diarrhea, tinnitus, high-frequency hearing loss, vertigo, blurred vision, diplopia, photophobia, headache, confusion and delirium.[L42420,L3719]
|
The elimination half-life of quinidine is 6-8 hours in adults and 3-4 hours in pediatric patients.[L42420,L3719]
|
From 6.5 to 16.2 µmol/L, 80 to 88% of quinidine is bound to plasma proteins, mainly α1-acid glycoprotein and albumin. This fraction is lower in pregnant women, and it may be as low as 50 to 70% in infants and neonates.[L42420,L3719]
|
The elimination of quinidine is achieved by the renal excretion of the unchanged drug (15 to 40% of total clearance) and its hepatic biotransformation to a variety of metabolites (60 to 85% of total clearance).[A250080] When urine has a pH lower than 7, 20% of administered quinidine appears in urine unchanged. However, this proportion decreases to as little as 5% as it becomes more alkaline. The renal clearance of quinidine involves both glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion, moderated by pH-dependent tubular reabsorption.[L42420,L3719]
|
Quinidine has a volume of distribution of 2-3 L/kg in healthy young adults, 0.5 L/kg in patients with congestive heart failure, and 3-5 L/kg in patients with liver cirrhosis.[L42420,L3719]
|
The clearance of quinidine ranges from 3 to 5 mL/min/kg in adults. In pediatric patients, quinidine clearance may be two or three times as rapid.[L42420,L3719]
|
Organic compounds
|
Alkaloids and derivatives
|
Cinchona alkaloids
| null |
[
"approved",
"investigational"
] |
[
"C01BA",
"C01B",
"C01",
"C",
"C01BA",
"C01B",
"C01",
"C",
"C01BA",
"C01B",
"C01",
"C"
] |
[
"Humans and other mammals"
] |
[
{
"cost": "1.58",
"description": "Quinidine sulfate crystals",
"unit": "g"
},
{
"cost": "2.16",
"description": "Quinidine gluc 80 mg/ml vial",
"unit": "ml"
},
{
"cost": "0.21",
"description": "Quinidine sulfate 200 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.22",
"description": "Quinidine Sulfate 200 mg",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.4",
"description": "Quinidine sulfate 300 mg tablet",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.41",
"description": "Quinidine Sulfate 300 mg",
"unit": "tablet"
},
{
"cost": "0.93",
"description": "Quinidine gluc er 324 mg tab",
"unit": "each"
},
{
"cost": "0.97",
"description": "QuiNIDine Gluconate CR 324 mg Controlled Release Tabs",
"unit": "tab"
}
] |
[
{
"approved": "2010-02-09",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2026-08-13",
"number": "7659282"
},
{
"approved": "2012-07-24",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2023-07-17",
"number": "8227484"
},
{
"approved": "2003-05-06",
"country": "United States",
"expires": "2016-01-26",
"number": "RE38115"
}
] |
(+)-quinidine | (8R,9S)-Quinidine | (R)-(6-Methoxyquinolin-4-yl)((3S,4R,7S)-3-vinylquinuclidin-7-yl)methanol | (S)-(6-Methoxy-quinolin-4-yl)-((2R,5R)-5-vinyl-1-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-yl)-methanol | (S)-(6-Methoxyquinolin-4-yl)((2R,5R)-5-vinylquinuclidin-2-yl)methanol | 6-methoxy-α-(5-vinyl-2-quinuclidinyl)-4-quinolinemethanol | beta-Quinine | Chinidin | Chinidinum | CIN-QUIN | Conchinin | Conquinine | Pitayine | Quinidina | α-(6-methoxy-4-quinolyl)-5-vinyl-2-quinuclidinemethanol | β-quinine | hH1 | Sodium channel protein cardiac muscle subunit alpha | Sodium channel protein type V subunit alpha | Voltage-gated sodium channel subunit alpha Nav1.5 | HOHO1 | Inward rectifying potassium channel protein TWIK-1 | KCNO1 | Potassium channel K2P1 | Potassium channel KCNO1 | TWIK1 | Inward rectifying potassium channel protein TWIK-2 | TOSS | TWIK-originated similarity sequence | TWIK2 | Eag homolog | Eag-related protein 1 | ERG | ERG-1 | ERG1 | Ether-a-go-go-related gene potassium channel 1 | Ether-a-go-go-related protein 1 | H-ERG | HERG | hERG-1 | hERG1 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 | Voltage-gated potassium channel subunit Kv11.1 | ADRA1C | Alpha-1A adrenoceptor | Alpha-1A adrenoreceptor | Alpha-1C adrenergic receptor | Alpha-adrenergic receptor 1c | Alpha-1B adrenoceptor | Alpha-1B adrenoreceptor | ADRA1A | Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor | Alpha-1D adrenoceptor | Alpha-1D adrenoreceptor | Alpha-adrenergic receptor 1a | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | Albendazole sulfoxidase | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP3A3 | CYPIIIA3 | CYPIIIA4 | Cytochrome P450 3A3 | Cytochrome P450 HLp | Cytochrome P450 NF-25 | Cytochrome P450-PCN1 | Nifedipine oxidase | Quinine 3-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIIA7 | Cytochrome P450-HFLA | P450HLp2 | 1.14.14.- | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2DL1 | CYPIID6 | Cytochrome P450-DB1 | Debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase | 1.14.14.1 | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYPIA2 | Cytochrome P(3)450 | Cytochrome P450 4 | Cytochrome P450-P3 | Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase | 1.14.14.1 | 4-nitrophenol 2-hydroxylase | CYP2E | CYPIIE1 | Cytochrome P450-J | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIA1 | Cytochrome P450 form 6 | Cytochrome P450-C | Cytochrome P450-P1 | Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase | 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase | 1.14.13.- | CYPIIB6 | Cytochrome P450 IIB1 | (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase | (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase | 1.14.14.1 | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | CYP2C10 | CYPIIC9 | Cytochrome P-450MP | Cytochrome P450 MP-4 | Cytochrome P450 MP-8 | Cytochrome P450 PB-1 | S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | 1.14.14.1 | CYPIIC8 | Cytochrome P450 form 1 | Cytochrome P450 IIC2 | Cytochrome P450 MP-12 | Cytochrome P450 MP-20 | S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase | AGP 1 | AGP1 | OMD 1 | Orosomucoid-1 | hOCT2 | OCT2 | Organic cation transporter 2 | hOCT1 | OCT1 | Organic cation transporter 1 | High-affinity sodium-dependent carnitine cotransporter | OCTN2 | Solute carrier family 22 member 5 | ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 | MDR1 | Multidrug resistance protein 1 | P-glycoprotein 1 | PGY1 | Phospholipid transporter ABCB1 | OATP | OATP-1 | OATP-A | OATP1 | OATP1A2 | Organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1 | SLC21A3 | Sodium-independent organic anion transporter | Solute carrier family 21 member 3 | hOAT3 | OAT3 | Organic anion/dicarboxylate exchanger | Solute carrier family 22 member 8 | 7.6.2.- | 7.6.2.2 | 7.6.2.3 | Canalicular multidrug resistance protein | Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 | CMOAT | CMOAT1 | CMRP | MRP2 | Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 | Ergothioneine transporter | ET transporter | ETT | ETTh | OCTN1 | Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 | UT2H | Liver-specific organic anion transporter 1 | LST-1 | LST1 | OATP-2 | OATP-C | OATP1B1 | OATP2 | OATPC | Organic anion transporter SLC21A6 | SLC21A6 | SLCO1B1 | Sodium-independent organic anion-transporting polypeptide 2 | Solute carrier family 21 member 6 | 7.6.2.- | ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 11 | BSEP
|
[
"Apo Quinidine Tab 200mg",
"Apo-quin-G Tab 325mg",
"Cardioquin Tablets",
"Novo-quinidin 200mg",
"Nuedexta",
"Nuedexta",
"Quinate Tab 325mg",
"Quinidex Extentabs Srt 300mg",
"Quinidex Extentabs Srt 300mg",
"Quinidine 200 Tab",
"Quinidine Gluconate",
"Quinidine Gluconate",
"Quinidine Gluconate",
"Quinidine Gluconate",
"Quinidine Gluconate",
"Quinidine Gluconate",
"Quinidine Gluconate",
"Quinidine Gluconate",
"Quinidine gluconate",
"Quinidine Gluconate for Inj 80mg/ml USP",
"Quinidine Sulfate",
"Quinidine Sulfate",
"Quinidine Sulfate",
"Quinidine Sulfate",
"Quinidine Sulfate",
"Quinidine Sulfate",
"Quinidine Sulfate",
"Quinidine Sulfate",
"Quinidine Sulfate",
"Quinidine Sulfate",
"Quinidine Sulfate",
"Quinidine Sulfate",
"Quinidine Sulfate",
"Quinidine Sulfate 200mg",
"Quinidine Sulfate Injection 190mg/ml",
"Quinidine Sulfate Tab 200mg",
"Quinidine Sulfate Tab 200mg"
] |
[
"Cardioquin",
"Kinidin",
"Quin-Release",
"Quinaglute",
"Quinalan",
"Quinicardine",
"Quinidex"
] |
[
"Nuedexta",
"Nuedexta"
] |
[
"Q14524",
"O00180",
"Q9Y257",
"Q12809",
"P35348",
"P35368",
"P25100"
] |
[
"P08684",
"P24462",
"P10635",
"P05177",
"P05181",
"P04798",
"P20813",
"P11712",
"P10632"
] |
[
"P02768",
"P02763"
] |
[
"O15244",
"O15245",
"O76082",
"P08183",
"P46721",
"Q8TCC7",
"Q92887",
"Q9H015",
"Q9Y6L6",
"O95342"
] |
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