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category stringclasses 8 values	messages listlengths 2 2	prompt stringlengths 5 23.6k
information_extraction	[ { "content": "When a king is under immediate attack, it is said to be in check. A move in response to a check is legal only if it results in a position where the king is no longer in check. This can involve capturing the checking piece; interposing a piece between the checking piece and the king (which is possible only if the attacking piece is a queen, rook, or bishop and there is a square between it and the king); or moving the king to a square where it is not under attack. Castling is not a permissible response to a check.\n\nThe object of the game is to checkmate the opponent; this occurs when the opponent's king is in check, and there is no legal way to get it out of check. It is never legal for a player to make a move that puts or leaves the player's own king in check. In casual games, it is common to announce \"check\" when putting the opponent's king in check, but this is not required by the rules of chess and is usually not done in tournaments. What is the difference between check and checkmate?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "When a king is about to be captured in the next opponents move, then the king is in check. If the king cannot get out of check, then the king is checkmated and loses the game", "role": "assistant" } ]	When a king is under immediate attack, it is said to be in check. A move in response to a check is legal only if it results in a position where the king is no longer in check. This can involve capturing the checking piece; interposing a piece between the checking piece and the king (which is possible only if the attacking piece is a queen, rook, or bishop and there is a square between it and the king); or moving the king to a square where it is not under attack. Castling is not a permissible response to a check. The object of the game is to checkmate the opponent; this occurs when the opponent's king is in check, and there is no legal way to get it out of check. It is never legal for a player to make a move that puts or leaves the player's own king in check. In casual games, it is common to announce "check" when putting the opponent's king in check, but this is not required by the rules of chess and is usually not done in tournaments. What is the difference between check and checkmate?
summarization	[ { "content": "The Republican Party of Arkansas (RPA), headquartered at 1201 West 6th Street in downtown Little Rock, is the affiliate of the Republican Party in Arkansas. It is currently the dominant party in the state, controlling all four of Arkansas' U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate seats, all statewide executive offices, including the governorship, and supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature. List down some facts regarding the Republican Party of Arkansas from given text", "role": "user" }, { "content": "1. The Republican Party in Arkansas is affiliated with the Republican Party of Arkansas (RPA), which has its headquarters at 1201 West 6th Street in downtown Little Rock.\n2. It currently holds the majority in the state.\n3. Possessing supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature and control of all four U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate seats, all statewide executive positions, and the governorship.", "role": "assistant" } ]	The Republican Party of Arkansas (RPA), headquartered at 1201 West 6th Street in downtown Little Rock, is the affiliate of the Republican Party in Arkansas. It is currently the dominant party in the state, controlling all four of Arkansas' U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate seats, all statewide executive offices, including the governorship, and supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature. List down some facts regarding the Republican Party of Arkansas from given text
classification	[ { "content": "Tell me whether these athletes play or have played in the National Football League (NFL) or the National Basketball Association (NBA): Kobe Bryant, Kawhi Leonard, LeBron James, Larry Bird, Michael Jordan", "role": "user" }, { "content": "National Basketball Association (NBA)", "role": "assistant" } ]	Tell me whether these athletes play or have played in the National Football League (NFL) or the National Basketball Association (NBA): Kobe Bryant, Kawhi Leonard, LeBron James, Larry Bird, Michael Jordan
closed_qa	[ { "content": "The Yorkshire Terrier is a British breed of toy dog of terrier type. It is among the smallest of the terriers and indeed of all dog breeds, with a weight of no more than 3.2 kg. It originated in the nineteenth century in the English county of Yorkshire, for which it is named. Their coats are typically tan on the head with a dark steel-grey body, but they can come in a variety of colors.\n\nIt is a playful and energetic dog, usually kept as a companion dog. It has contributed to the development of other breeds including the Silky Terrier, and also to cross-breeds such as the Yorkipoo. Given this reference on Yorkshire Terriers, tell me where they originate from, and what are their typical size and color.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Yorkshire Terrier originated from English county of Yorkshire, it has a small size with weight of no more than 3.2 kg. They have a variety of colors but typically their coats are tan on the head and dark steel-grey on the body.", "role": "assistant" } ]	The Yorkshire Terrier is a British breed of toy dog of terrier type. It is among the smallest of the terriers and indeed of all dog breeds, with a weight of no more than 3.2 kg. It originated in the nineteenth century in the English county of Yorkshire, for which it is named. Their coats are typically tan on the head with a dark steel-grey body, but they can come in a variety of colors. It is a playful and energetic dog, usually kept as a companion dog. It has contributed to the development of other breeds including the Silky Terrier, and also to cross-breeds such as the Yorkipoo. Given this reference on Yorkshire Terriers, tell me where they originate from, and what are their typical size and color.
closed_qa	[ { "content": "A number of significant inventions and discoveries have been made by Berkeley faculty members and researchers:\n\nNatural sciences\nEdit\nAtomic bomb – Physics professor J. Robert Oppenheimer was wartime director of Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Manhattan Project.\nCarbon 14 and photosynthesis – Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben first discovered carbon 14 in 1940, and Nobel laureate Melvin Calvin and his colleagues used carbon 14 as a molecular tracer to reveal the carbon assimilation path in photosynthesis, known as Calvin cycle.\nCarcinogens – Identified chemicals that damage DNA. The Ames test was described in a series of papers in 1973 by Bruce Ames and his group at the university.\nChemical elements – 16 elements have been discovered at Berkeley (technetium, astatine, neptunium, plutonium, americium, curium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium, fermium, mendelevium, nobelium, lawrencium, rutherfordium, dubnium, and seaborgium).\nCovalent bond – Gilbert N. Lewis in 1916 described the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, and invented the Lewis notation to describe the mechanisms.\nCRISPR gene editing – Nobel laureate Jennifer Doudna discovers a precise and inexpensive way for manipulating DNA in human cells.\nCyclotron – Ernest O. Lawrence created a particle accelerator in 1934, and was awarded the Nobel Physics Prize in 1939.\nDark energy – Saul Perlmutter and many others in the Supernova Cosmology Project discover the universe is expanding because of dark energy 1998.\nFlu vaccine – Wendell M. Stanley and colleagues discovered the vaccine in the 1940s.\nHydrogen bomb – Edward Teller, the father of hydrogen bomb, was a professor at Berkeley and a researcher at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and the Los Alamos National Laboratory.\nImmunotherapy of cancer – James P. Allison discovers and develops monoclonal antibody therapy that uses the immune system to combat cancer 1992–1995.\nMolecular clock – Allan Wilson discovery in 1967.\nNeuroplasticity – Marian Diamond discovers structural, biochemical, and synaptic changes in brain caused by environmental enrichment 1964\nOncogene – Peter Duesberg discovers first cancer causing gene in a virus 1970s.\nTelomerase – Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol Greider, and Jack Szostak discover enzyme that promotes cell division and growth 1985.\nVitamin E – Gladys Anderson Emerson isolates Vitamin E in a pure form in 1952. What are the major innovations and scientific discoveries from UC Berkeley?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Atomic bomb by J. Robert Oppenheimer, carbon 14 and its photosynthesis, covalent bond, cyclotron, and etc.", "role": "assistant" } ]	A number of significant inventions and discoveries have been made by Berkeley faculty members and researchers: Natural sciences Edit Atomic bomb – Physics professor J. Robert Oppenheimer was wartime director of Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Manhattan Project. Carbon 14 and photosynthesis – Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben first discovered carbon 14 in 1940, and Nobel laureate Melvin Calvin and his colleagues used carbon 14 as a molecular tracer to reveal the carbon assimilation path in photosynthesis, known as Calvin cycle. Carcinogens – Identified chemicals that damage DNA. The Ames test was described in a series of papers in 1973 by Bruce Ames and his group at the university. Chemical elements – 16 elements have been discovered at Berkeley (technetium, astatine, neptunium, plutonium, americium, curium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium, fermium, mendelevium, nobelium, lawrencium, rutherfordium, dubnium, and seaborgium). Covalent bond – Gilbert N. Lewis in 1916 described the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, and invented the Lewis notation to describe the mechanisms. CRISPR gene editing – Nobel laureate Jennifer Doudna discovers a precise and inexpensive way for manipulating DNA in human cells. Cyclotron – Ernest O. Lawrence created a particle accelerator in 1934, and was awarded the Nobel Physics Prize in 1939. Dark energy – Saul Perlmutter and many others in the Supernova Cosmology Project discover the universe is expanding because of dark energy 1998. Flu vaccine – Wendell M. Stanley and colleagues discovered the vaccine in the 1940s. Hydrogen bomb – Edward Teller, the father of hydrogen bomb, was a professor at Berkeley and a researcher at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Immunotherapy of cancer – James P. Allison discovers and develops monoclonal antibody therapy that uses the immune system to combat cancer 1992–1995. Molecular clock – Allan Wilson discovery in 1967. Neuroplasticity – Marian Diamond discovers structural, biochemical, and synaptic changes in brain caused by environmental enrichment 1964 Oncogene – Peter Duesberg discovers first cancer causing gene in a virus 1970s. Telomerase – Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol Greider, and Jack Szostak discover enzyme that promotes cell division and growth 1985. Vitamin E – Gladys Anderson Emerson isolates Vitamin E in a pure form in 1952. What are the major innovations and scientific discoveries from UC Berkeley?
open_qa	[ { "content": "When was the US flag created?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "On June 14, 1777, the Continental Congress passed an act establishing an official flag. Today, the flag has 13 horizontal stripes that represent the colonies and 50 stars that represent the states.", "role": "assistant" } ]	When was the US flag created?
summarization	[ { "content": "The Garshasp-nama is an epic poem by Asadi Tusi (died 1072/73). It has been described as one of the best epic poems in Persian literature, comparable to Shahnameh, by Ferdowsi, and the most important work of Asadi Tusi. Asadi Tusi completed the poem in 1066 and dedicated it to a certain Abu Dulaf, the ruler of Nakhjavan (nothing is known about him). The poem has also been translated to other languages such as French and German. It seems that Asadi Tusi wrote this poem based on a written source. Like the Shahnameh, it contains few Arabic loan-words and consists of some 9,000 verses. The main hero of this epic poem is Garshasp, the son of Etret, and grandson of Sām. The poem begins with the story of Jamshid and Zahhak. Jamshid is overthrown by Zahhak and flees to Zabolistan. In Zabolistan, Jamshid falls in love with an unnamed daughter of Kurang, the king of Zabolistan, and she bore a child for Jamshid, named Tur (not to be confused with Tur, the son of Freydun). Jamshid flees again to China. Garshasp is actually the grandson of Tur's grandson. Write down some key points for the poem Garshasp-nama based on the given text.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "1. The Garshasp-nama is an epic poem by Asadi Tusi (died 1072/73).\n2. It has been described as one of the best epic poems in Persian literature, comparable to Shahnameh, by Ferdowsi, and the most important work of Asadi Tusi.\n3. Asadi Tusi completed the poem in 1066 and dedicated it to a certain Abu Dulaf, the ruler of Nakhjavan (nothing is known about him).\n4. The poem has also been translated to other languages such as French and German. \n5. It seems that Asadi Tusi wrote this poem based on a written source.\n6. Like the Shahnameh, it contains few Arabic loan-words and consists of some 9,000 verses.\n7. The main hero of this epic poem is Garshasp, the son of Etret, and grandson of Sām.\n8. The poem begins with the story of Jamshid and Zahhak.\n9. Jamshid is overthrown by Zahhak and flees to Zabolistan. In Zabolistan, Jamshid falls in love with an unnamed daughter of Kurang, the king of Zabolistan, and she bore a child for Jamshid, named Tur (not to be confused with Tur, the son of Freydun).\n10. Jamshid flees again to China.\n11. Garshasp is actually the grandson of Tur's grandson.", "role": "assistant" } ]	The Garshasp-nama is an epic poem by Asadi Tusi (died 1072/73). It has been described as one of the best epic poems in Persian literature, comparable to Shahnameh, by Ferdowsi, and the most important work of Asadi Tusi. Asadi Tusi completed the poem in 1066 and dedicated it to a certain Abu Dulaf, the ruler of Nakhjavan (nothing is known about him). The poem has also been translated to other languages such as French and German. It seems that Asadi Tusi wrote this poem based on a written source. Like the Shahnameh, it contains few Arabic loan-words and consists of some 9,000 verses. The main hero of this epic poem is Garshasp, the son of Etret, and grandson of Sām. The poem begins with the story of Jamshid and Zahhak. Jamshid is overthrown by Zahhak and flees to Zabolistan. In Zabolistan, Jamshid falls in love with an unnamed daughter of Kurang, the king of Zabolistan, and she bore a child for Jamshid, named Tur (not to be confused with Tur, the son of Freydun). Jamshid flees again to China. Garshasp is actually the grandson of Tur's grandson. Write down some key points for the poem Garshasp-nama based on the given text.
classification	[ { "content": "Tell me whether each animal has feathers or hair: falcon, pigeon, chimpanzee, cat, cardinal, hamster, horse", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Falcon: Feathers\nPigeon: Feathers\nChimpanzee: Hair\nCat: Hair\nCardinal: Feathers\nHamster: Hair\nHorse: Hair", "role": "assistant" } ]	Tell me whether each animal has feathers or hair: falcon, pigeon, chimpanzee, cat, cardinal, hamster, horse
open_qa	[ { "content": "Why did the Seattle Supersonics leave Seattle?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "In 2006 the owner of the team, Howard Schultz, sold the team Clay Bennett. Clay Bennett originally agreed to keep the team in Seattle, however, he then told the city that if a new arena was not built using public funds that he would move the team. Ultimately, public funding for the arena fell through and the team was moved to Oklahoma. The team is now known at the Oklahoma City Thunder. The relocation of the team was very controversial as local news organizations and fans believe that Clay Bennett's intention was to remove the team from Seattle and did not provide reasonable terms for a renovation of the basketball arena.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Why did the Seattle Supersonics leave Seattle?
open_qa	[ { "content": "What is data science?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Data science is a field of study that deals with using mathematics like statistics and large scale computing to build algorithms and models that explain information or predict outcomes and insights from structured, unstructured, and semi-structured. Data scientists spend 80% of their time doing exploratory data analysis and about 20% of their building the model and hyper parameter tuning.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What is data science?
general_qa	[ { "content": "Why do people visit the national parks?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The national parks are a system of diverse natural and historical locations that are preserved for people to enjoy. Because there is such variety in the national parks there's sure to be something that interests you. Some parks are made up of vast natural landscapes and wildernesses that can be explored. Others are sanctuaries for wildlife where you can see animals in their natural habitat. Still other locations are on islands or have amazing coastline and includes underwater habitats and wildlife. While some national parks are harder to access, most can be enjoyed by the majority of people. If you hate paying high entrance fees to destination locations the national parks are also a great option. You can get an annual pass for less than $100 which allows you to visit all national parks and many national forests and monuments at no additional charge. However, if you want to stay within the national parks make sure to book well in advance as campsites and lodging fills up quickly. For the most popular parks you'll want to book six months in advance when the reservations open up. The national parks can be enjoyed by people of all ages and have stunning vistas you can drive right up to or week long backpacking trips for adventure seekers.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Why do people visit the national parks?
information_extraction	[ { "content": "The Mandalorian is an American space Western television series created by Jon Favreau for the streaming service Disney+. It is the first live-action series in the Star Wars franchise, beginning five years after the events of Return of the Jedi (1983), and stars Pedro Pascal as the title character, a lone bounty hunter who goes on the run to protect the Force-sensitive child Grogu. Starting in the third season, Katee Sackhoff also stars as Mandalorian Bo-Katan Kryze, following her appearance in the second season. Extract from the text the list of actors and the characters they play. List answer as bullet list in in format: {actor name}: {character name}", "role": "user" }, { "content": "- Pedro Pascal: Mandelorian\n- Katee Sackhoff: Bo-Katan Kryze", "role": "assistant" } ]	The Mandalorian is an American space Western television series created by Jon Favreau for the streaming service Disney+. It is the first live-action series in the Star Wars franchise, beginning five years after the events of Return of the Jedi (1983), and stars Pedro Pascal as the title character, a lone bounty hunter who goes on the run to protect the Force-sensitive child Grogu. Starting in the third season, Katee Sackhoff also stars as Mandalorian Bo-Katan Kryze, following her appearance in the second season. Extract from the text the list of actors and the characters they play. List answer as bullet list in in format: {actor name}: {character name}
open_qa	[ { "content": "What is social media?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Social media accounts for a variety of services that are intended to connect individuals and organizations, to create a network for sharing information. The information shared can be videos, images, music, thoughts, opinions, or a variety of other things that can be shared publicly or privately. The intent is to allow anyone to be a contributor, give users the ability to connect with and follow whom they please, and provide a broad network of information and connections.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What is social media?
open_qa	[ { "content": "What is the largest city in Washington state?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Seattle", "role": "assistant" } ]	What is the largest city in Washington state?
closed_qa	[ { "content": "Hutchinson attended 1,294 consecutive matches involving the Geelong Football Club between Round 11, 1963, and the 2019 preliminary final, inclusive. That streak came to an end when he and the general public were locked out of the Cats' 2020 Round 1 loss to Greater Western Sydney in Sydney due to the COVID-19 pandemic. If away games are excluded, Hutchinson's streak lasted from the early 1958 season to the 2019 preliminary final. How many years was Hutchinson's streak, and what caused it to end?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Hutchinson's streak was 62 years (2019-1958+1) and it ended because of the lock out caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Hutchinson attended 1,294 consecutive matches involving the Geelong Football Club between Round 11, 1963, and the 2019 preliminary final, inclusive. That streak came to an end when he and the general public were locked out of the Cats' 2020 Round 1 loss to Greater Western Sydney in Sydney due to the COVID-19 pandemic. If away games are excluded, Hutchinson's streak lasted from the early 1958 season to the 2019 preliminary final. How many years was Hutchinson's streak, and what caused it to end?
closed_qa	[ { "content": "Skiing is the use of skis to glide on snow. Variations of purpose include basic transport, a recreational activity, or a competitive winter sport. Many types of competitive skiing events are recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), and the International Ski Federation (FIS). what is snow skiing", "role": "user" }, { "content": "skiing is a form of outdoor winter sport. Done in the mountains. You can ski on piste and off piste.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Skiing is the use of skis to glide on snow. Variations of purpose include basic transport, a recreational activity, or a competitive winter sport. Many types of competitive skiing events are recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), and the International Ski Federation (FIS). what is snow skiing
brainstorming	[ { "content": "Give me the list of fortified wines.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Fortified wines:\n- Port\n- Madeira\n- Marsala\n- Sherry\n- Vermouth\n- Vinsanto", "role": "assistant" } ]	Give me the list of fortified wines.
general_qa	[ { "content": "What are some fun things to do on Oahu?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Oahu is referred to as the “heart of Hawaii” as it has Hawaii’s largest range of activities and sights. There are many fun things to do for a wide range of people.\n\nFor relaxation, Oahu offers many beachings with amazing views and clear water, including Waikiki beach in Honolulu. There are many ocean-side results that offer beach access and beautiful pools. \n\nFor the explorer, there are many miles of hiking trails for all levels of hikers. Many of the trails offer beautiful views of both the mountains and the ocean. Explore the ocean on one of many catamaran cruises. Explore history with one of many tours of Pearl Harbor, or visit the Dole Plantation.\n\nThere are many options for the adventurer. Zip line or 4-wheel in adventure parks. Take a helicopter tour of the island. Challenge yourself to surf on the waves of the north shore. Go snorkeling or dive with sharks.\n\nFor culture, attend a traditional Luau, explore open markets and festivals, and enjoy the local cuisine at one of many famous restaurants or unique one-of-a-kind restaurants.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What are some fun things to do on Oahu?
creative_writing	[ { "content": "Write one paragraph on the relevance of AI/ML in the field of Data Engineering", "role": "user" }, { "content": "AI/ML can be used for multiple aspects of Data Engineering including but not limited to data pipeline automation, automated anomaly detection frameworks, automated data quality improvement, table relationship detection (Primary Key/Foreign Key relationship detection), automated semantic data model creation and mapping, etc. Each one of these applications has the potential for significant impact in the Data Engineering field whether in terms of people hours saved through automation, the feasibility of capabilities which were not economically viable before because of labor costs or other factors.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Write one paragraph on the relevance of AI/ML in the field of Data Engineering
closed_qa	[ { "content": "Racial categories have historically been used as a way to enable an oppressive figure or group to discriminate against other groups or individuals which were seen as different from that of the oppressor. In nineteenth and early twentieth century Europe, artwork was a common form of racialization which targeted countries in the Middle East and Asia. The artwork, predominantly paintings, were portrayed in order to instill prejudice in the Western populations through sexualizing and manipulating images. One of the most prominent examples of Orientalist work in art is a piece by Eugène Delacroix titled Women of Algiers in their Apartment. Dating back to 1834, it portrays three women resting in a harem in exotic clothing while an African woman is dressed in plain clothing, depicting her role as a servant. Fine textiles, hookahs, and other paraphernalia adorn the room, which represents a European fantasy of an exotic scene. Attempts to portray these cultures as strange, foreign and exotic through Orientalism led to intolerance towards the Arab and Asian communities in Europe and the United States. Others argue that Delacroix, who travelled in North Africa sketching extensively, was depicting a realistic scene of the era based on his first-hand knowledge and experience. In such an interpretation the clothing, for example, is consistent with the times, as Arab North Africans dressed differently from Europeans, and kept black slaves who would not have been treated as equals. What is the primary information in this paragraph?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The paragraph discussed racial manipulation in the 19th to 20th centuries. It considers Europeans to be discriminative against people from the Middle East, Asia and North Africa, and uses artist expressions to communicate and manipulate these prejudice to their general population.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Racial categories have historically been used as a way to enable an oppressive figure or group to discriminate against other groups or individuals which were seen as different from that of the oppressor. In nineteenth and early twentieth century Europe, artwork was a common form of racialization which targeted countries in the Middle East and Asia. The artwork, predominantly paintings, were portrayed in order to instill prejudice in the Western populations through sexualizing and manipulating images. One of the most prominent examples of Orientalist work in art is a piece by Eugène Delacroix titled Women of Algiers in their Apartment. Dating back to 1834, it portrays three women resting in a harem in exotic clothing while an African woman is dressed in plain clothing, depicting her role as a servant. Fine textiles, hookahs, and other paraphernalia adorn the room, which represents a European fantasy of an exotic scene. Attempts to portray these cultures as strange, foreign and exotic through Orientalism led to intolerance towards the Arab and Asian communities in Europe and the United States. Others argue that Delacroix, who travelled in North Africa sketching extensively, was depicting a realistic scene of the era based on his first-hand knowledge and experience. In such an interpretation the clothing, for example, is consistent with the times, as Arab North Africans dressed differently from Europeans, and kept black slaves who would not have been treated as equals. What is the primary information in this paragraph?
closed_qa	[ { "content": "The new UCLA campus in 1929 had four buildings: Royce Hall and Haines Hall on the north, and Powell Library and Kinsey Hall (now called Renee And David Kaplan Hall) on the south. The Janss Steps were the original 87-step entrance to the university that lead to the quad of these four buildings. Today, the campus includes 163 buildings across 419 acres (1.7 km2) in the western part of Los Angeles, north of the Westwood shopping district and just south of Sunset Boulevard. In terms of acreage, it is the second-smallest of the ten UC campuses. The campus is approximately 1 mile east of I-405 (the San Diego Freeway).\n\nThe campus is in the residential area of Westwood and bordered by Bel-Air to the north, Beverly Hills to the east, and Brentwood to the west. The campus is informally divided into North Campus and South Campus, which are both on the eastern half of the university's land. North Campus is the original campus core; its buildings are more traditional in appearance and clad in imported Italian brick. North Campus is home to the arts, humanities, social sciences, law, history, and business programs and is centered around ficus and sycamore-lined Dickson Court, also known as the \"Sunken Garden\". South Campus is home to the physical sciences, life sciences, engineering, mathematical sciences, health-related fields, and the UCLA Medical Center. The campus includes sculpture gardens, fountains, museums, and a mix of architectural styles.\n\nAckerman Union, the John Wooden Center, the Arthur Ashe Health and Wellness Center, the Student Activities Center, Kerckhoff Hall, the J.D. Morgan Center, the James West Alumni Center, and Pauley Pavilion stand at the center of the campus, bordering Wilson Plaza. The campus is bisected by Bruin Walk, a heavily traveled pathway from the residential hill to the main campus. At the intersection of Bruin Walk and Westwood Plaza is Bruin Plaza, featuring an outdoor performing arts stage and a bronze statue of the Bruin bear.\n\nDuring the 2028 Summer Olympics, wrestling and judo will be held at Pauley Pavilion. The campus will also be the location of the Olympic Village for the Olympic and Paralympic Games.\n\nIn September 2022 UCLA purchased the Palos Verdes (PV) campus of Marymount California University, which had closed its doors that August, after fifty years of classes; the PV campus joins two other locations, in downtown LA, and in Culver City as satellites of the Westwood campus. A faculty and administration task force will review possible applications of the PV campus for UCLA. The Channel Islands will again be visible from a UCLA campus. Based on this passage about UCLA, tell me the difference between North Campus and South Campus and which residential areas border the campus.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "At UCLA, North Campus hosts the arts, humanities, social sciences, law, history, and business programs, while South Campus is home to the physical sciences, life sciences, engineering, mathematical sciences, health-related fields, and the UCLA Medical Center. The UCLA Campus is bordered by Bel Air, Brentwood, and Beverly Hills.", "role": "assistant" } ]	The new UCLA campus in 1929 had four buildings: Royce Hall and Haines Hall on the north, and Powell Library and Kinsey Hall (now called Renee And David Kaplan Hall) on the south. The Janss Steps were the original 87-step entrance to the university that lead to the quad of these four buildings. Today, the campus includes 163 buildings across 419 acres (1.7 km2) in the western part of Los Angeles, north of the Westwood shopping district and just south of Sunset Boulevard. In terms of acreage, it is the second-smallest of the ten UC campuses. The campus is approximately 1 mile east of I-405 (the San Diego Freeway). The campus is in the residential area of Westwood and bordered by Bel-Air to the north, Beverly Hills to the east, and Brentwood to the west. The campus is informally divided into North Campus and South Campus, which are both on the eastern half of the university's land. North Campus is the original campus core; its buildings are more traditional in appearance and clad in imported Italian brick. North Campus is home to the arts, humanities, social sciences, law, history, and business programs and is centered around ficus and sycamore-lined Dickson Court, also known as the "Sunken Garden". South Campus is home to the physical sciences, life sciences, engineering, mathematical sciences, health-related fields, and the UCLA Medical Center. The campus includes sculpture gardens, fountains, museums, and a mix of architectural styles. Ackerman Union, the John Wooden Center, the Arthur Ashe Health and Wellness Center, the Student Activities Center, Kerckhoff Hall, the J.D. Morgan Center, the James West Alumni Center, and Pauley Pavilion stand at the center of the campus, bordering Wilson Plaza. The campus is bisected by Bruin Walk, a heavily traveled pathway from the residential hill to the main campus. At the intersection of Bruin Walk and Westwood Plaza is Bruin Plaza, featuring an outdoor performing arts stage and a bronze statue of the Bruin bear. During the 2028 Summer Olympics, wrestling and judo will be held at Pauley Pavilion. The campus will also be the location of the Olympic Village for the Olympic and Paralympic Games. In September 2022 UCLA purchased the Palos Verdes (PV) campus of Marymount California University, which had closed its doors that August, after fifty years of classes; the PV campus joins two other locations, in downtown LA, and in Culver City as satellites of the Westwood campus. A faculty and administration task force will review possible applications of the PV campus for UCLA. The Channel Islands will again be visible from a UCLA campus. Based on this passage about UCLA, tell me the difference between North Campus and South Campus and which residential areas border the campus.
open_qa	[ { "content": "What is the difference between a fire fighter and a nurse?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A fire fighter is responsible for responding to emergencies that are mostly related to fires. A typical task would be to ride in a fire truck from the fire station to a home that has caught fire and use water and other fire-fighting tools to put it out. A nurse is responsible for providing medical care to patients, typically in healthcare facilities like hospitals, nursing homes and outpatient clinics. A typical task for a nurse would be to care for the wounds and help manage pain for a patient following surgery.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What is the difference between a fire fighter and a nurse?
summarization	[ { "content": "The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits. Historically, the byte was the number of bits used to encode a single character of text in a computer and for this reason it is the smallest addressable unit of memory in many computer architectures. To disambiguate arbitrarily sized bytes from the common 8-bit definition, network protocol documents such as the Internet Protocol (RFC 791) refer to an 8-bit byte as an octet. Those bits in an octet are usually counted with numbering from 0 to 7 or 7 to 0 depending on the bit endianness. The first bit is number 0, making the eighth bit number 7. What is a byte?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A byte is a unit of digital information consisting of eight bits (typically). Historically, a byte was the number of bits needed to encode a single character of text in a computer. Because of this, a byte is the smallest unit of. memory in many computer architectures.", "role": "assistant" } ]	The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits. Historically, the byte was the number of bits used to encode a single character of text in a computer and for this reason it is the smallest addressable unit of memory in many computer architectures. To disambiguate arbitrarily sized bytes from the common 8-bit definition, network protocol documents such as the Internet Protocol (RFC 791) refer to an 8-bit byte as an octet. Those bits in an octet are usually counted with numbering from 0 to 7 or 7 to 0 depending on the bit endianness. The first bit is number 0, making the eighth bit number 7. What is a byte?
closed_qa	[ { "content": "Natural hydrogen (known as white hydrogen), is naturally occurring molecular hydrogen on or in Earth (as opposed to hydrogen produced in the laboratory or in industry). The name white hydrogen distinguishes it from green hydrogen, which is produced from renewable energy sources, and from grey, brown or black hydrogen, which is obtained from fossil sources or from the electrolysis of water. Natural hydrogen may be renewable, non-polluting and allows for lower cost operation compared to industrial hydrogen. Natural hydrogen has been identified in many source rocks in areas beyond the sedimentary basins where oil companies typically operate.\n\nOrigin of natural hydrogen\nThere are several sources of natural hydrogen:\n\n- degassing of deep hydrogen from the Earth's crust and mantle;\n- reaction of water with ultrabasic rocks (serpentinisation);\n- contact of water with reducing agents in the Earth's mantle;\n- interaction of water with freshly exposed rock surfaces (weathering);\n- decomposition of hydroxyl ions in the structure of minerals;\n- Natural radiolysis of water;\n- decomposition of organic matter;\n- biological activity\n- Extraction\n- Natural hydrogen is extracted from wells, mixed with other gases such as nitrogen or helium.\n\nSeveral sources have been identified in France. Geologists Alain Prinzhofer and Eric Derville have demonstrated the existence of large reservoirs in a dozen countries, including Mali and the United States. However, their potential remains difficult to assess.\n\nNumerous emanations on the ocean floor have been identified but are difficult to exploit. The discovery of a significant emergence in Russia in 2008 suggests the possibility of extracting native hydrogen in geological environments.\n\nGeology\nNatural hydrogen is generated continuously from a variety of natural sources. There are many known hydrogen emergences on mid-ocean ridges. Another of the known reactions, serpentinisation, occurs under the sea floor (in the oceanic crust).\n\nDiagenetic origin (iron oxidation) in the sedimentary basins of cratons, notably in Russia. Other sources are being explored, such as mantle hydrogen, or hydrogen from radiolysis (natural electrolysis) or from bacterial activity. In France, the Alps and Pyrenees are suitable for exploitation. New Caledonia has hyperalkaline sources that show dihydrogen emissions. A large accumulation of natural hydrogen was discovered in Bourakebougou (Mali).\n\nCharacteristics\nDihydrogen is very soluble in fresh water, especially at depth (solubility increases with pressure).\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_hydrogen Given these paragraphs about Natural hydrogen, can you name some of the countries where sources have been identified?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Several sources have been identified in France. Geologists Alain Prinzhofer and Eric Derville have demonstrated the existence of large reservoirs in a dozen countries, including Mali and the United States. However, their potential remains difficult to assess.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Natural hydrogen (known as white hydrogen), is naturally occurring molecular hydrogen on or in Earth (as opposed to hydrogen produced in the laboratory or in industry). The name white hydrogen distinguishes it from green hydrogen, which is produced from renewable energy sources, and from grey, brown or black hydrogen, which is obtained from fossil sources or from the electrolysis of water. Natural hydrogen may be renewable, non-polluting and allows for lower cost operation compared to industrial hydrogen. Natural hydrogen has been identified in many source rocks in areas beyond the sedimentary basins where oil companies typically operate. Origin of natural hydrogen There are several sources of natural hydrogen: - degassing of deep hydrogen from the Earth's crust and mantle; - reaction of water with ultrabasic rocks (serpentinisation); - contact of water with reducing agents in the Earth's mantle; - interaction of water with freshly exposed rock surfaces (weathering); - decomposition of hydroxyl ions in the structure of minerals; - Natural radiolysis of water; - decomposition of organic matter; - biological activity - Extraction - Natural hydrogen is extracted from wells, mixed with other gases such as nitrogen or helium. Several sources have been identified in France. Geologists Alain Prinzhofer and Eric Derville have demonstrated the existence of large reservoirs in a dozen countries, including Mali and the United States. However, their potential remains difficult to assess. Numerous emanations on the ocean floor have been identified but are difficult to exploit. The discovery of a significant emergence in Russia in 2008 suggests the possibility of extracting native hydrogen in geological environments. Geology Natural hydrogen is generated continuously from a variety of natural sources. There are many known hydrogen emergences on mid-ocean ridges. Another of the known reactions, serpentinisation, occurs under the sea floor (in the oceanic crust). Diagenetic origin (iron oxidation) in the sedimentary basins of cratons, notably in Russia. Other sources are being explored, such as mantle hydrogen, or hydrogen from radiolysis (natural electrolysis) or from bacterial activity. In France, the Alps and Pyrenees are suitable for exploitation. New Caledonia has hyperalkaline sources that show dihydrogen emissions. A large accumulation of natural hydrogen was discovered in Bourakebougou (Mali). Characteristics Dihydrogen is very soluble in fresh water, especially at depth (solubility increases with pressure). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_hydrogen Given these paragraphs about Natural hydrogen, can you name some of the countries where sources have been identified?
open_qa	[ { "content": "What was the first credit card", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Diners Club", "role": "assistant" } ]	What was the first credit card
open_qa	[ { "content": "Why is the ice smooth during ice hockey games?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The ice hockey smoothing machine was invented in 1940 and is used to keep the ice rink smooth periodically between periods in the game.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Why is the ice smooth during ice hockey games?
brainstorming	[ { "content": "Give me 5 kinds of nuts that are delicious.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Five kinds of nuts that are delicious are 1) pistachios, 2) brazil nuts, 3) hazelnuts, 4) peanuts, and 5) macadamia nuts.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Give me 5 kinds of nuts that are delicious.
general_qa	[ { "content": "the first person was on the moon?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Apollo 11 was the American spaceflight that first landed humans on the Moon. Commander Neil Armstrong and lunar module pilot Buzz Aldrin landed the Apollo Lunar Module Eagle on July 20, 1969, at 20:17, and Armstrong became the first person to step onto the Moon's surface six hours and 39 minutes later, on July 21 at 02:56 UTC. Aldrin joined him 19 minutes later, and they spent about two and a quarter hours together exploring the site they had named Tranquility Base upon landing. Armstrong and Aldrin collected 47.5 pounds (21.5 kg) of lunar material to bring back to Earth as pilot Michael Collins flew the Command Module Columbia in lunar orbit, and were on the Moon's surface for 21 hours, 36 minutes before lifting off to rejoin Columbia.", "role": "assistant" } ]	the first person was on the moon?
brainstorming	[ { "content": "What colors would you use for a futuristic logo?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Colors such as blue, silver, grey and white evoke a feel of futurism and would be well suited to a futuristic logo.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What colors would you use for a futuristic logo?
open_qa	[ { "content": "Who is Eric Brewer? What is he known for?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Eric Allen Brewer is professor emeritus of computer science at the University of California, Berkeley and vice-president of infrastructure at Google. His research interests include operating systems and distributed computing. He is known for formulating the CAP theorem about distributed network applications in the late 1990s.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Who is Eric Brewer? What is he known for?
classification	[ { "content": "Tell me about the various road types in USA?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The public road system in United States of America is primarily made up of Highways and Local Roads. The United States Department of Transportation's Federal Highway Administration (FWHA) classifies roads based on functions which are created based on attributes such as speed limits, route length and spacing. Based on the road functions we can categorize roads into the following categories.\n1. Interstates and Arterial System\n2. Other Arterials\n3. Collectors\n4. Locals\n\nThe interstate system is the at the top of road function classification system. They include Highways and Freeways with the highest speed limits and which allow for long distance travel without a lot of interruption. They are constructed using precise standards, signage and with safety considerations. They are also sometimes referred to as Arterial roads as they provide vital connectivity across regions in America. Interstate 95 or I-95 is an example of one such highway in the east coast of the United States which runs from Florida to Maine. The Principal Arterial system also comprises of U.S. Highways, which provide connectivity across regions which do not have an Interstate to support travel.\n\nOther Arterials also include freeways and highways which supplement the Interstate system explained above. They have a slightly lesser speed limits. They typically connect cities and urban areas. Consider them as being minor highways. As an example, North Carolina Highway 55 (NC-55) is a primary state highway artery connecting multiple regional and urban areas in the state of North Carolina.\n\nCollectors are critical for connecting urban population using local roads with the Interstate highways where applicable. They have more interruptions and are shorter in lengths. They also have lesser speed limits (30-35 mph). These can comprise of State highways which connect local roads with the Arterial highways.\n\nFinally local roads provide connectivity between communities, regions, farms and other local areas. They form the lion's share of the United States road system.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Tell me about the various road types in USA?
general_qa	[ { "content": "What is a Security Information Event Management platform (SIEM)?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Security Information Event Management (pronounced SIM) is a combination of security information management (SIM) and security event management (SEM) technologies. It allows security operations teams to collect, parse, alert, and investigate security events. Modern SIEMs can leverage machine learning and SOAR capabilities to offer more significant detection and response capabilities.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What is a Security Information Event Management platform (SIEM)?
general_qa	[ { "content": "What are the benefits of the 2-3 zone defense in basketball?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The 2-3 zone defense is the most commonly used zone defense. It has the advantage of protecting the inside, lane area, and keeps your \"bigs\" inside. Its weakness is it is vulnerable to good outside shooting, with open areas on the wings, point and high post.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What are the benefits of the 2-3 zone defense in basketball?
open_qa	[ { "content": "Who is the winner of International Booker Prize 2020?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Mariee Lucas Rijneveld(Dutch)", "role": "assistant" } ]	Who is the winner of International Booker Prize 2020?
classification	[ { "content": "Classify each of the following as a conductor or insulator: steel, copper, rubber, wood, cardboard, aluminum", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Steel: Conductor\nCopper: Conductor\nRubber: Insulator\nWood: Insulator\nCardboard: Insulator\nAluminum: Conductor", "role": "assistant" } ]	Classify each of the following as a conductor or insulator: steel, copper, rubber, wood, cardboard, aluminum
classification	[ { "content": "Which is a species of fish? Power or Powen", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Powen", "role": "assistant" } ]	Which is a species of fish? Power or Powen
summarization	[ { "content": "The female cone has two types of scale: the bract scales, and the seed scales (or ovuliferous scales), one subtended by each bract scale, derived from a highly modified branchlet. On the upper-side base of each seed scale are two ovules that develop into seeds after fertilization by pollen grains. The bract scales develop first, and are conspicuous at the time of pollination; the seed scales develop later to enclose and protect the seeds, with the bract scales often not growing further. The scales open temporarily to receive pollen, then close during fertilization and maturation, and then re-open again at maturity to allow the seed to escape. Maturation takes 6–8 months from pollination in most Pinaceae genera, but 12 months in cedars and 18–24 months (rarely more) in most pines. The cones open either by the seed scales flexing back when they dry out, or (in firs, cedars and golden larch) by the cones disintegrating with the seed scales falling off. The cones are conic, cylindrical or ovoid (egg-shaped), and small to very large, from 2–60 cm long and 1–20 cm broad.\n\nAfter ripening, the opening of non-serotinous pine cones is associated with their moisture content—cones are open when dry and closed when wet. This assures that the small, windborne seeds will be dispersed during relatively dry weather, and thus, the distance traveled from the parent tree will be enhanced. A pine cone will go through many cycles of opening and closing during its life span, even after seed dispersal is complete. This process occurs with older cones while attached to branches and even after the older cones have fallen to the forest floor. The condition of fallen pine cones is a crude indication of the forest floor's moisture content, which is an important indication of wildfire risk. Closed cones indicate damp conditions while open cones indicate the forest floor is dry. How does a pine cone work?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A pine cone consists of scales which protect seeds. The scales can open and close depending on conditions. The scales will open temporarily to receive pollen, then close again until the seeds mature. Once mature, the scales will open and close depending on their moisture content. Once the seeds are mature, the scales can open again to allow seeds to escape. When dry, the cones open allowing the small windborne seeds to disperse as widely as possible. This cycle of opening and closing continues until the seeds are dispersed.", "role": "assistant" } ]	The female cone has two types of scale: the bract scales, and the seed scales (or ovuliferous scales), one subtended by each bract scale, derived from a highly modified branchlet. On the upper-side base of each seed scale are two ovules that develop into seeds after fertilization by pollen grains. The bract scales develop first, and are conspicuous at the time of pollination; the seed scales develop later to enclose and protect the seeds, with the bract scales often not growing further. The scales open temporarily to receive pollen, then close during fertilization and maturation, and then re-open again at maturity to allow the seed to escape. Maturation takes 6–8 months from pollination in most Pinaceae genera, but 12 months in cedars and 18–24 months (rarely more) in most pines. The cones open either by the seed scales flexing back when they dry out, or (in firs, cedars and golden larch) by the cones disintegrating with the seed scales falling off. The cones are conic, cylindrical or ovoid (egg-shaped), and small to very large, from 2–60 cm long and 1–20 cm broad. After ripening, the opening of non-serotinous pine cones is associated with their moisture content—cones are open when dry and closed when wet. This assures that the small, windborne seeds will be dispersed during relatively dry weather, and thus, the distance traveled from the parent tree will be enhanced. A pine cone will go through many cycles of opening and closing during its life span, even after seed dispersal is complete. This process occurs with older cones while attached to branches and even after the older cones have fallen to the forest floor. The condition of fallen pine cones is a crude indication of the forest floor's moisture content, which is an important indication of wildfire risk. Closed cones indicate damp conditions while open cones indicate the forest floor is dry. How does a pine cone work?
open_qa	[ { "content": "What is geovisualization?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Geovisualization or geovisualisation (short for geographic visualization), also known as cartographic visualization, refers to a set of tools and techniques supporting the analysis of geospatial data through the use of interactive visualization.\n\nLike the related fields of scientific visualization and information visualization geovisualization emphasizes knowledge construction over knowledge storage or information transmission.[To do this, geovisualization communicates geospatial information in ways that, when combined with human understanding, allow for data exploration and decision-making processes.\n\nTraditional, static maps have a limited exploratory capability; the graphical representations are inextricably linked to the geographical information beneath. GIS and geovisualization allow for more interactive maps; including the ability to explore different layers of the map, to zoom in or out, and to change the visual appearance of the map, usually on a computer display. Geovisualization represents a set of cartographic technologies and practices that take advantage of the ability of modern microprocessors to render changes to a map in real time, allowing users to adjust the mapped data on the fly.", "role": "assistant" } ]	What is geovisualization?
classification	[ { "content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Kecer, Saz", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Saz is string, Kecer is percussion.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Kecer, Saz
general_qa	[ { "content": "Who was the best player in Denver Broncos franchise history?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "John Elway is considered the best player in Denver Broncos history. He led the team to five Super Bowls, winning two of them. Elway had great talent as a passer, but would also use his legs to help the team win. In fact, Elway is the only player to compile 50,000 yards passing and 3,000 rushing. His most memorable play was the \"helicopter' first down in Super Bowl XXXII.", "role": "assistant" } ]	Who was the best player in Denver Broncos franchise history?