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brainstorming
[ { "content": "last 5 prime minister of India", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Narendra Modi\nManmohan Singh\nAtal Bihari Vajpayee\nDeve Gowda\nP.V Narsimha Rao", "role": "assistant" } ]
last 5 prime minister of India
brainstorming
[ { "content": "What are some items you can put on a bookshelf, other than books, to make it nice looking.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Peppering a bookshelf with items other than books can be aesthetically pleasing. Some ideas for items to add to a bookshelf include small containers or boxes to hold small items, pictures in picture frames, book ends, trinkets, polished stones or crystals, candles, statues, plants, flower arrangements (living or dried), a standing clock, antique machines, a lamp, or a globe.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What are some items you can put on a bookshelf, other than books, to make it nice looking.
closed_qa
[ { "content": "The Amazon rainforest, also called Amazon jungle or Amazonia, is a moist broadleaf tropical rainforest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses 7,000,000 km2 (2,700,000 sq mi), of which 5,500,000 km2 (2,100,000 sq mi) are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations and 3,344 formally acknowledged indigenous territories.\n\nThe majority of the forest, 60%, is in Brazil, followed by Peru with 13%, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Bolivia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. Four nations have \"Amazonas\" as the name of one of their first-level administrative regions, and France uses the name \"Guiana Amazonian Park\" for French Guiana's protected rainforest area. The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world, with an estimated 390 billion individual trees in about 16,000 species.[ Where is Amazon rainforest located?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Amazon jungle is located in South America. It is spanned across Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia and Ecuador", "role": "assistant" } ]
The Amazon rainforest, also called Amazon jungle or Amazonia, is a moist broadleaf tropical rainforest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses 7,000,000 km2 (2,700,000 sq mi), of which 5,500,000 km2 (2,100,000 sq mi) are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations and 3,344 formally acknowledged indigenous territories. The majority of the forest, 60%, is in Brazil, followed by Peru with 13%, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Bolivia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. Four nations have "Amazonas" as the name of one of their first-level administrative regions, and France uses the name "Guiana Amazonian Park" for French Guiana's protected rainforest area. The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world, with an estimated 390 billion individual trees in about 16,000 species.[ Where is Amazon rainforest located?
open_qa
[ { "content": "What are all the different types of alpaca breeds?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The alpaca comes in two breeds, Suri and Huacaya, based on their fibers rather than scientific or European classifications.\n\nHuacaya alpacas are the most commonly found, constituting about 90% of the population. The Huacaya alpaca is thought to have originated in post-colonial Peru. This is due to their thicker fleece which makes them more suited to survive in the higher altitudes of the Andes after being pushed into the highlands of Peru with the arrival of the Spanish.\n\nSuri alpacas represent a smaller portion of the total alpaca population, around 10%. They are thought to have been more prevalent in pre-Columbian Peru since they could be kept at a lower altitude where a thicker fleece was not needed for harsh weather conditions.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What are all the different types of alpaca breeds?
closed_qa
[ { "content": "Autism therapies include a wide variety of therapies that help people with autism, or their families. Such methods of therapy also seek the increase of functional independence in autistic people. Many therapies marketed towards autistic people and/or their parents claim outcomes that have not been supported by Level of Research (LOE) Level 1 (highest level assigned based on the methodological quality of their design, validity, and applicability to patient care). Level 1 research includes evidence from a systematic review or meta-analysis of all relevant RCTs (randomized controlled trial) or evidence-based clinical practice guidelines based on systematic reviews of RCTs or three or more RCTs of good quality that have similar results.\n\n\nAutism is a neurotype characterized by sensory and communication difference, when compared to neurotypical and allistic individuals.None of these therapies eliminate autism within someone, let alone to a high degree of viability. Autistic children grow up to become autistic adults at risk of burnout and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) inflicted during childhood and adolescence, often overlooked by those who prioritize the elimination of autism over the common well-being of autistic people. Treatment is typically catered to the person's needs. Treatments fall into two major categories: educational interventions and medical management. Training and support are also given to families of those diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs)\n\n\nStudies of interventions have some methodological problems that prevent definitive conclusions about efficacy.Although many psychosocial interventions have some positive evidence, suggesting that some form of treatment is preferable to no treatment, the systematic reviews have reported that the quality of these studies has generally been poor, their clinical results are mostly tentative, and there is little evidence for the relative effectiveness of treatment options.Intensive, sustained special education programs and behavior therapy early in life can help children with ASD acquire self-care, social, and job skills,and often can improve functioning, and decrease symptom severity and maladaptive behaviors;Available approaches include applied behavior analysis (ABA), developmental models, structured teaching, speech and language therapy, social skills therapy, and occupational therapy. Occupational therapists work with autistic children by creating interventions that promote social interaction like sharing and cooperation.They also support the autistic child by helping them work through a dilemma as the OT imitates the child and waiting for a response from the child.Educational interventions have some effectiveness in children: intensive ABA treatment has demonstrated effectiveness in enhancing global functioning in preschool children,and is well established for improving intellectual performance of young children.Neuropsychological reports are often poorly communicated to educators, resulting in a gap between what a report recommends and what education is provided.The limited research on the effectiveness of adult residential programs shows mixed results.\n\n\nMany medications are used to treat problems associated with ASD.More than half of U.S. children diagnosed with ASD are prescribed psychoactive drugs or anticonvulsants, with the most common drug classes being antidepressants, stimulants.Aside from antipsychotics,there is scant reliable research about the effectiveness or safety of drug treatments for adolescents and adults with ASD.A person with ASD may respond atypically to medications, the medications can have adverse effects, and no known medication relieves autism's core symptoms of social and communication impairments.\n\n\nAs of 2008 the treatments prescribed to children with ASD were expensive;indirect costs are more so. For someone born in 2000, a U.S. study estimated an average discounted lifetime cost of $4.66 million (2023 dollars, inflation-adjusted from 2003 estimate), with about 10% medical care, 30% extra education and other care, and 60% lost economic productivity.A UK study estimated discounted lifetime costs at £1.9 million and £1.23 million for an autistic person with and without intellectual disability, respectively(2023 pounds, inflation-adjusted from 2005/06 estimate). Legal rights to treatment are complex, vary with location and age, and require advocacy by caregivers. Publicly supported programs are often inadequate or inappropriate for a given child, and unreimbursed out-of-pocket medical or therapy expenses are associated with likelihood of family financial problems;one 2008 U.S. study found a 14% average loss of annual income in families of children with ASD, and a related study found that ASD is associated with higher probability that child care problems will greatly affect parental employment. What therapies are available for Autism?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "There are multiple therapies available for Autism depending on the spectrum.\nIntensive, sustained special education programs and behaviour therapy early in life can help children with ASD acquire self-care, social, and job skills, and often can improve functioning and decrease symptom severity and maladaptive behaviours; Available approaches include applied behaviour analysis (ABA), developmental models, structured teaching, speech and language therapy, social skills therapy, and occupational therapy. Occupational therapists work with autistic children by creating interventions that promote social interaction like sharing and cooperation. They also support the autistic child by helping them work through a dilemma as the OT imitates the child and waits for a response from the child. Educational interventions have some effectiveness in children: intensive ABA treatment has demonstrated effectiveness in enhancing global functioning in preschool children and is well-established for improving the intellectual performance of young children.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Autism therapies include a wide variety of therapies that help people with autism, or their families. Such methods of therapy also seek the increase of functional independence in autistic people. Many therapies marketed towards autistic people and/or their parents claim outcomes that have not been supported by Level of Research (LOE) Level 1 (highest level assigned based on the methodological quality of their design, validity, and applicability to patient care). Level 1 research includes evidence from a systematic review or meta-analysis of all relevant RCTs (randomized controlled trial) or evidence-based clinical practice guidelines based on systematic reviews of RCTs or three or more RCTs of good quality that have similar results. Autism is a neurotype characterized by sensory and communication difference, when compared to neurotypical and allistic individuals.None of these therapies eliminate autism within someone, let alone to a high degree of viability. Autistic children grow up to become autistic adults at risk of burnout and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) inflicted during childhood and adolescence, often overlooked by those who prioritize the elimination of autism over the common well-being of autistic people. Treatment is typically catered to the person's needs. Treatments fall into two major categories: educational interventions and medical management. Training and support are also given to families of those diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) Studies of interventions have some methodological problems that prevent definitive conclusions about efficacy.Although many psychosocial interventions have some positive evidence, suggesting that some form of treatment is preferable to no treatment, the systematic reviews have reported that the quality of these studies has generally been poor, their clinical results are mostly tentative, and there is little evidence for the relative effectiveness of treatment options.Intensive, sustained special education programs and behavior therapy early in life can help children with ASD acquire self-care, social, and job skills,and often can improve functioning, and decrease symptom severity and maladaptive behaviors;Available approaches include applied behavior analysis (ABA), developmental models, structured teaching, speech and language therapy, social skills therapy, and occupational therapy. Occupational therapists work with autistic children by creating interventions that promote social interaction like sharing and cooperation.They also support the autistic child by helping them work through a dilemma as the OT imitates the child and waiting for a response from the child.Educational interventions have some effectiveness in children: intensive ABA treatment has demonstrated effectiveness in enhancing global functioning in preschool children,and is well established for improving intellectual performance of young children.Neuropsychological reports are often poorly communicated to educators, resulting in a gap between what a report recommends and what education is provided.The limited research on the effectiveness of adult residential programs shows mixed results. Many medications are used to treat problems associated with ASD.More than half of U.S. children diagnosed with ASD are prescribed psychoactive drugs or anticonvulsants, with the most common drug classes being antidepressants, stimulants.Aside from antipsychotics,there is scant reliable research about the effectiveness or safety of drug treatments for adolescents and adults with ASD.A person with ASD may respond atypically to medications, the medications can have adverse effects, and no known medication relieves autism's core symptoms of social and communication impairments. As of 2008 the treatments prescribed to children with ASD were expensive;indirect costs are more so. For someone born in 2000, a U.S. study estimated an average discounted lifetime cost of $4.66 million (2023 dollars, inflation-adjusted from 2003 estimate), with about 10% medical care, 30% extra education and other care, and 60% lost economic productivity.A UK study estimated discounted lifetime costs at £1.9 million and £1.23 million for an autistic person with and without intellectual disability, respectively(2023 pounds, inflation-adjusted from 2005/06 estimate). Legal rights to treatment are complex, vary with location and age, and require advocacy by caregivers. Publicly supported programs are often inadequate or inappropriate for a given child, and unreimbursed out-of-pocket medical or therapy expenses are associated with likelihood of family financial problems;one 2008 U.S. study found a 14% average loss of annual income in families of children with ASD, and a related study found that ASD is associated with higher probability that child care problems will greatly affect parental employment. What therapies are available for Autism?
general_qa
[ { "content": "Who is using Spark in production?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "As of 2016, surveys show that more than 1000 organizations are using Spark in production. Some of them are listed on the Powered By page and at the Spark Summit.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Who is using Spark in production?
brainstorming
[ { "content": "give me a list of all the things I can do with a piece of land.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "- you can build a house\n- you can build a farm\n- you can graze cattle\n- you can excavate for precious metals\n- you can dig a well \n- you can grow flowers \n- you can grow an orchard\n- you can build a park\n- you can build a bunker under ground", "role": "assistant" } ]
give me a list of all the things I can do with a piece of land.
closed_qa
[ { "content": "Howe retired for the first time in 1971 and was immediately inducted into the Saskatchewan Sports Hall of Fame that same year. He was then inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame the next year, but came back two years later to join his sons Mark and Marty on the Houston Aeros of the WHA. Although in his mid-40s, he scored over 100 points twice in six years, won two straight Avco World Trophies (1974 and 1975) and was named most valuable player in 1974. He made a brief return to the NHL in 1979–80, playing one season with the Hartford Whalers, then retired at age 52. His involvement with the WHA was central to their brief pre-NHL merger success, forcing the NHL to recruit European talent and expand to new markets. How many times did Gordie Howe retire?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Based on the provided information, Howe retired two times.\n\nHowe retired for the first time in 1971, but then later joined his sons Mark and Marty on the Houston Aeros of the WHA. Howe would then return to the NHL in 1979 where he played one season before retiring for a second time.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Howe retired for the first time in 1971 and was immediately inducted into the Saskatchewan Sports Hall of Fame that same year. He was then inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame the next year, but came back two years later to join his sons Mark and Marty on the Houston Aeros of the WHA. Although in his mid-40s, he scored over 100 points twice in six years, won two straight Avco World Trophies (1974 and 1975) and was named most valuable player in 1974. He made a brief return to the NHL in 1979–80, playing one season with the Hartford Whalers, then retired at age 52. His involvement with the WHA was central to their brief pre-NHL merger success, forcing the NHL to recruit European talent and expand to new markets. How many times did Gordie Howe retire?
open_qa
[ { "content": "Name three famous movies about sports.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Three famous movies about sports are Remember the Titans, Glory Road, and Coach Carter.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Name three famous movies about sports.
open_qa
[ { "content": "What are the debt securities?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Debt securities are financial assets that define the terms of a loan between an issuer (the borrower) and an investor (the lender). The terms of a debt security typically include the principal amount to be returned upon maturity of the loan, interest rate payments, and the maturity date or renewal date.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What are the debt securities?
open_qa
[ { "content": "Who is the greatest basketball player of all time?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "This is a highly subjective topic and hotly debated. Most basketball experts would agree that a player who has acquired the most NBA championships should be on the list. Bill Russell, with 12 championships, has to be in the conversation. LeBron James is the all time scoring leader and has had one of the longest NBA careers to go along with 4 titles. Kobe Bryant at 5 titles is also on the list. But the most dominant player of his era in the 1990's, winning 6 titles in 6 attempts, was Michael Jordan. Michael Jordan was considered one of the best two way players, excelling at both defense and offense. So while some might not agree, Michael Jordan is always in the conversation for best NBA player of all time.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Who is the greatest basketball player of all time?
brainstorming
[ { "content": "What are some good date ideas for vegans?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Tour an animal rescue, dine at a local vegan restaurant, visit the art museum, explore a botanical garden, plant-based picnic in the park", "role": "assistant" } ]
What are some good date ideas for vegans?
open_qa
[ { "content": "Name the movies made by Quentin Tarantino.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "As of March 2023, Quentin Tarantino has made these movies:\n1. Reservoir Dogs\n2. Pulp Fiction\n3. Jackie Brown\n4. Kill Bill: Volume 1\n5. Kill Bill: Volume 2\n6. Death Proof\n7. Inglourious Basterds\n8. Django Unchained\n9. The Hateful Eight\n10. Once Upon a Time in Hollywood", "role": "assistant" } ]
Name the movies made by Quentin Tarantino.
open_qa
[ { "content": "What were some historical reasons for the invention of pad thai?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The dish was invented in part to help Thailand develop a national identity, and also to promote consumption of noodles to alleviate rice shortages during world war 2.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What were some historical reasons for the invention of pad thai?
closed_qa
[ { "content": "A circular economy (also referred to as circularity and CE) is a model of production and consumption, which involves sharing, leasing, reusing, repairing, refurbishing and recycling existing materials and products for as long as possible. CE aims to tackle global challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, waste, and pollution by emphasizing the design-based implementation of the three base principles of the model. The three principles required for the transformation to a circular economy are: eliminating waste and pollution, circulating products and materials, and the regeneration of nature. CE is defined in contradistinction to the traditional linear economy. The idea and concepts of circular economy (CE) have been studied extensively in academia, business, and government over the past ten years. CE has been gaining popularity because it helps to minimize emissions and consumption of raw materials, open up new market prospects and principally, increase the sustainability of consumption and improve resource efficiency.\n\nAt a government level, CE is viewed as means of combating global warming as well as a facilitator of long-term growth. CE may geographically connect actors and resources to stop material loops at the regional level. In its core principle, the European Parliament defines CE as, “a model of production and consumption, which involves sharing, leasing, reusing, repairing, refurbishing and recycling existing materials and products as long as possible. In this way, the life cycle of products is extended.”\n\nIn a linear economy, natural resources are turned into products that are ultimately destined to become waste because of the way they have been designed and manufactured. This process is often summarized by \"take, make, waste\". By contrast, a circular economy employs reuse, sharing, repair, refurbishment, remanufacturing and recycling to create a closed-loop system, reducing the use of resource inputs and the creation of waste, pollution and carbon emissions. The circular economy aims to keep products, materials, equipment and infrastructure in use for longer, thus improving the productivity of these resources. Waste materials and energy should become input for other processes through waste valorization: either as a component for another industrial process or as regenerative resources for nature (e.g., compost). The Ellen MacArthur Foundation (EMF) defines the circular economy as an industrial economy that is restorative or regenerative by value and design. How is a circular economy different than the USA's economy?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A circular economy focuses on the principles of eliminating waste and pollution, circulating products and materials, and the regeneration of nature. In contrast, most capitalistic economies are called \"linear\" in that raw materials are turned into products which are eventually discarded. While a circular economy focuses on sustainable consumption on an Earth with limited resources, linear economies like the USA's implicitly assume a never-ending supply of raw material inputs.", "role": "assistant" } ]
A circular economy (also referred to as circularity and CE) is a model of production and consumption, which involves sharing, leasing, reusing, repairing, refurbishing and recycling existing materials and products for as long as possible. CE aims to tackle global challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, waste, and pollution by emphasizing the design-based implementation of the three base principles of the model. The three principles required for the transformation to a circular economy are: eliminating waste and pollution, circulating products and materials, and the regeneration of nature. CE is defined in contradistinction to the traditional linear economy. The idea and concepts of circular economy (CE) have been studied extensively in academia, business, and government over the past ten years. CE has been gaining popularity because it helps to minimize emissions and consumption of raw materials, open up new market prospects and principally, increase the sustainability of consumption and improve resource efficiency. At a government level, CE is viewed as means of combating global warming as well as a facilitator of long-term growth. CE may geographically connect actors and resources to stop material loops at the regional level. In its core principle, the European Parliament defines CE as, “a model of production and consumption, which involves sharing, leasing, reusing, repairing, refurbishing and recycling existing materials and products as long as possible. In this way, the life cycle of products is extended.” In a linear economy, natural resources are turned into products that are ultimately destined to become waste because of the way they have been designed and manufactured. This process is often summarized by "take, make, waste". By contrast, a circular economy employs reuse, sharing, repair, refurbishment, remanufacturing and recycling to create a closed-loop system, reducing the use of resource inputs and the creation of waste, pollution and carbon emissions. The circular economy aims to keep products, materials, equipment and infrastructure in use for longer, thus improving the productivity of these resources. Waste materials and energy should become input for other processes through waste valorization: either as a component for another industrial process or as regenerative resources for nature (e.g., compost). The Ellen MacArthur Foundation (EMF) defines the circular economy as an industrial economy that is restorative or regenerative by value and design. How is a circular economy different than the USA's economy?
general_qa
[ { "content": "What is the best string tension for a tennis racket?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The best string tension for a tennis racket will depend on the racket, the type of strings, and the player. Generally speaking, a higher tension will offer more control, while a lower tension will offer more power. Strings such as polyester, which are common among intermediate and advanced players, are stiffer and usually play better at a lower tension, around 50 lbs or 22 kg. Strings like synthetic gut, which are common among beginners and juniors, play better at 55 lbs or more. This will vary based on the racket, which can also offer more of its own power or control.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What is the best string tension for a tennis racket?
open_qa
[ { "content": "As per WHO Marburg Virus Disease(MVD) is a severe often fatal haemorrhagic fever it was earlier known as", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Marburg Haemorrhagic Fever", "role": "assistant" } ]
As per WHO Marburg Virus Disease(MVD) is a severe often fatal haemorrhagic fever it was earlier known as
classification
[ { "content": "Which of these are cities and which are countries: Paris, Argentina, Mountain View, Singapore, America, Cape Town", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Paris, Mountain View and Cape Town are cities. Argentina and America are countries. Singapore is the name of both a city and a country.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Which of these are cities and which are countries: Paris, Argentina, Mountain View, Singapore, America, Cape Town
open_qa
[ { "content": "Who is Jon Snow's biological parents?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "While the answer has yet to be officially acknowledged in the \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series, the \"Game of Thrones\" television show, which is based on the book series, revealed that Jon Snow is the son of the late Rhaegar Targaryen and Lyanna Stark.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Who is Jon Snow's biological parents?
closed_qa
[ { "content": "During preliminary reviews in 2011, the launch date of Artemis was placed somewhere between 2019 and 2021, but afterwards the launch date was delayed to 2023 on a Space Launch System (SLS) launch vehicle. Although, as of March 2023, the mission is pegged for a November 2024 launch, the need to recycle and refurbish components from Orion that flew on Artemis 1 may push this back to later in 2024 or the first quarter of 2025. What is the launch date of Artemis mission?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Artemis launch date is November 2024 as of now but it’s likely to change.", "role": "assistant" } ]
During preliminary reviews in 2011, the launch date of Artemis was placed somewhere between 2019 and 2021, but afterwards the launch date was delayed to 2023 on a Space Launch System (SLS) launch vehicle. Although, as of March 2023, the mission is pegged for a November 2024 launch, the need to recycle and refurbish components from Orion that flew on Artemis 1 may push this back to later in 2024 or the first quarter of 2025. What is the launch date of Artemis mission?
brainstorming
[ { "content": "What are some countries I could go backpacking in if I want to see the Alps?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Switzerland, France, Italy, Slovenia, Austria, Germany", "role": "assistant" } ]
What are some countries I could go backpacking in if I want to see the Alps?
information_extraction
[ { "content": "She Couldn't Say No is a 1954 American rural comedy film starring Robert Mitchum, Jean Simmons and Arthur Hunnicutt. The last film in the long directing career of Lloyd Bacon, it was later re-released as Beautiful but Dangerous Was She Couldn't Say No movie re-released?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Yes, She Couldn't Say No is a 1954 rural comedy film which was later re-released as Beautiful but Dangerous.", "role": "assistant" } ]
She Couldn't Say No is a 1954 American rural comedy film starring Robert Mitchum, Jean Simmons and Arthur Hunnicutt. The last film in the long directing career of Lloyd Bacon, it was later re-released as Beautiful but Dangerous Was She Couldn't Say No movie re-released?
general_qa
[ { "content": "How can I go from my couch to running a 5K in 3 months?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Basically, you are asking, how to go from not running at all to completing your first 5K. It is best to first consult your doctor before starting any exercise program. Make sure you invest in an excellent pair of running shoes, try a local running shoe store for advice. Start off by measuring the time you are running. Alternate days running and gradually increase the length of time being careful not to increase more than 10% per run. Once you get up to 30 minutes of running every other day, start increasing the length of time running every fourth day by 10% again until you hit 45 minutes. It is ok to walk if you feel you need to. Then you will be 5K running race ready.", "role": "assistant" } ]
How can I go from my couch to running a 5K in 3 months?
general_qa
[ { "content": "why is Mahatma Gandhi loved by everyone?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Mahatma Gandhi preached non-cooperation using non-violent methods as a way to win against the oppressive rulers without resorting to guns. This is difficult to do and requires public's cooperation.", "role": "assistant" } ]
why is Mahatma Gandhi loved by everyone?
open_qa
[ { "content": "What are some movies starring Chevy Chase", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Fletch, Caddyshack, Three Amigos, National Lampoon's Vacation, Funny Farm, Spies Like Us, Foul Play, European Vacation", "role": "assistant" } ]
What are some movies starring Chevy Chase
closed_qa
[ { "content": "Paraskevi has competed in three Paralympics competing in the T11 100m, 200m and long jump. Her first games were the 2004 Summer Paralympics in her home country where she won a bronze in the 100m. She was unable to match this in Beijing in the 2008 Summer Paralympics and in London in 2012 Summer Paralympics where she failed to win any medals. How many paralympics did Paraskevi compete in?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Paraskevi competed in three paralympics.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Paraskevi has competed in three Paralympics competing in the T11 100m, 200m and long jump. Her first games were the 2004 Summer Paralympics in her home country where she won a bronze in the 100m. She was unable to match this in Beijing in the 2008 Summer Paralympics and in London in 2012 Summer Paralympics where she failed to win any medals. How many paralympics did Paraskevi compete in?
information_extraction
[ { "content": "Friends is an American television sitcom created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, which aired on NBC from September 22, 1994, to May 6, 2004, lasting ten seasons. With an ensemble cast starring Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry and David Schwimmer, the show revolves around six friends in their 20s and 30s who live in Manhattan, New York City. The series was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions, in association with Warner Bros. Television. The original executive producers were Kevin S. Bright, Kauffman, and Crane. Give me list of main cast of Friends TV show", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Jennifer Aniston, \nCourteney Cox, \nLisa Kudrow, \nMatt LeBlanc, \nMatthew Perry, \nDavid Schwimmer", "role": "assistant" } ]
Friends is an American television sitcom created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, which aired on NBC from September 22, 1994, to May 6, 2004, lasting ten seasons. With an ensemble cast starring Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry and David Schwimmer, the show revolves around six friends in their 20s and 30s who live in Manhattan, New York City. The series was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions, in association with Warner Bros. Television. The original executive producers were Kevin S. Bright, Kauffman, and Crane. Give me list of main cast of Friends TV show
open_qa
[ { "content": "What are five popular songs by Jack Harlow?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Five popular songs by Jack Harlow are First Class, WHATS POPPIN, Dua Lipa, Tyler Herro, and Churchill Downs.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What are five popular songs by Jack Harlow?
classification
[ { "content": "Identify which car manufacturer is German or American: Dodge, Volkswagen", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Dodge is American, Volkswagen is German", "role": "assistant" } ]
Identify which car manufacturer is German or American: Dodge, Volkswagen
classification
[ { "content": "Which of the following vehicles are cars and which are trucks: Toyota Tacoma, Toyota Prius, Ford F-150, Honda Civic, Nissan Frontier, Hyundai Accent, Chevrolet Corvette, Mazda Miata", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Toyota Tacoma, Ford F-150 and Nissan Frontier are all trucks. The Toyota Prius, Honda Civic, Hyundai Accent, Chevrolet Corvette and Mazda Miata are all cars.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Which of the following vehicles are cars and which are trucks: Toyota Tacoma, Toyota Prius, Ford F-150, Honda Civic, Nissan Frontier, Hyundai Accent, Chevrolet Corvette, Mazda Miata
open_qa
[ { "content": "What is the format of an email?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Emails contain a username, the @ symbol, and a website domain. The website domain must contain a \".\" (dot), where the left and right side of the dot are nonempty. For example, lorem.ipsum@dolor.com is an email.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What is the format of an email?
summarization
[ { "content": "Mushroom power-ups appear in almost every Super Mario game. The most iconic of these is the Super Mushroom. The Super Mushroom increases the character's size, turning them into a \"Super\" variant, and allows them to break certain blocks. When hit by an enemy, the character reverts to their smaller size instead of losing a life. When the character is in their \"Super\" form, most blocks that would contain a Super Mushroom instead offer a more powerful power-up such as the Fire Flower. The Super Mushroom is similar in appearance to the Amanita muscaria, with an ivory stalk below a most commonly red and white (originally red and orange) spotted cap. Created by chance, Shigeru Miyamoto stated in an interview that beta tests of Super Mario Bros. proved Mario too tall, so the development team implemented mushrooms to grow and shrink Mario. Different variants of mushroom power-ups appear in the series. For example, Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels introduces the Poison Mushroom, which causes damage when collected; and New Super Mario Bros. introduces the Mini Mushroom, which shrinks the character to miniature size; and the Mega Mushroom, grows the character into a towering, invulnerable giant who destroys enemies and the environment by running through them.\n\nSuper Mario Bros. 3 introduces suits to the Super Mario series, many of which are based on animals or Mario enemies. The Raccoon Suit (provisioned by a Super Leaf) and the Tanooki Suit each provide the character with a tail that enables flight. In addition, the Tanooki Suit lets the character spontaneously change into an invincible statue for about five seconds. Super Mario Bros. 3 includes a Hammer Bros. suit, which allows Mario and Luigi to throw hammers as projectiles to defeat enemies at a distance. Other suits in later games in the series include the Frog Suit, Penguin Suit, Cat Suit, Boomerang Suit, and Bee Suit. Given the text, write a summary of the effects of the Super Mushroom power-up in the Super Mario videogame series", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Super Mushroom is one of the main power-ups in the Super Mario games and appear in almost every game of the series. \n\nThe Super Mushroom makes Mario bigger, more stronger and therefore able to break certain blocks. When Mario takes damage, for example when hit by an enemy. he loses the power-up, and turns back to its original small size.\n\nThere are other variants of the mushroom power-up throughout the Super Mario series.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Mushroom power-ups appear in almost every Super Mario game. The most iconic of these is the Super Mushroom. The Super Mushroom increases the character's size, turning them into a "Super" variant, and allows them to break certain blocks. When hit by an enemy, the character reverts to their smaller size instead of losing a life. When the character is in their "Super" form, most blocks that would contain a Super Mushroom instead offer a more powerful power-up such as the Fire Flower. The Super Mushroom is similar in appearance to the Amanita muscaria, with an ivory stalk below a most commonly red and white (originally red and orange) spotted cap. Created by chance, Shigeru Miyamoto stated in an interview that beta tests of Super Mario Bros. proved Mario too tall, so the development team implemented mushrooms to grow and shrink Mario. Different variants of mushroom power-ups appear in the series. For example, Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels introduces the Poison Mushroom, which causes damage when collected; and New Super Mario Bros. introduces the Mini Mushroom, which shrinks the character to miniature size; and the Mega Mushroom, grows the character into a towering, invulnerable giant who destroys enemies and the environment by running through them. Super Mario Bros. 3 introduces suits to the Super Mario series, many of which are based on animals or Mario enemies. The Raccoon Suit (provisioned by a Super Leaf) and the Tanooki Suit each provide the character with a tail that enables flight. In addition, the Tanooki Suit lets the character spontaneously change into an invincible statue for about five seconds. Super Mario Bros. 3 includes a Hammer Bros. suit, which allows Mario and Luigi to throw hammers as projectiles to defeat enemies at a distance. Other suits in later games in the series include the Frog Suit, Penguin Suit, Cat Suit, Boomerang Suit, and Bee Suit. Given the text, write a summary of the effects of the Super Mushroom power-up in the Super Mario videogame series
creative_writing
[ { "content": "Tell me a story about how the little kitten was rescued from a heater vent. The story should include how the kitten was bottle fed and only four days old with the umbilical cord still attached", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The story begins with a little kitten, only four days old, being found in a heater vent in a building. The kitten was bottle fed and was still connected to her mother's umbilical cord. The building manager called animal control and the kitten was rescued. She was taken to a vet, treated for her injuries, and then released back into the wild.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Tell me a story about how the little kitten was rescued from a heater vent. The story should include how the kitten was bottle fed and only four days old with the umbilical cord still attached
information_extraction
[ { "content": "Sunset, also known as sundown, is the daily disappearance of the Sun below the horizon due to Earth's rotation. As viewed from everywhere on Earth (except the North and South poles), the equinox Sun sets due west at the moment of both the spring and autumn equinoxes. As viewed from the Northern Hemisphere, the Sun sets to the northwest (or not at all) in the spring and summer, and to the southwest in the autumn and winter; these seasons are reversed for the Southern Hemisphere.\nThe time of sunset is defined in astronomy as the moment when the upper limb of the Sun disappears below the horizon. Near the horizon, atmospheric refraction causes sunlight rays to be distorted to such an extent that geometrically the solar disk is already about one diameter below the horizon when a sunset is observed.\nSunset is distinct from twilight, which is divided into three stages. The first one is civil twilight, which begins once the Sun has disappeared below the horizon, and continues until it descends to 6 degrees below the horizon. The second phase is nautical twilight, between 6 and 12 degrees below the horizon. The third phase is astronomical twilight, which is the period when the Sun is between 12 and 18 degrees below the horizon. Dusk is at the very end of astronomical twilight, and is the darkest moment of twilight just before night. Finally, night occurs when the Sun reaches 18 degrees below the horizon and no longer illuminates the sky.\nLocations further north than the Arctic Circle and further south than the Antarctic Circle experience no full sunset or sunrise on at least one day of the year, when the polar day or the polar night persists continuously for 24 hours. What is Sunset?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Sunset is the daily disappearance of the Sun below the horizon due to Earth's rotation.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Sunset, also known as sundown, is the daily disappearance of the Sun below the horizon due to Earth's rotation. As viewed from everywhere on Earth (except the North and South poles), the equinox Sun sets due west at the moment of both the spring and autumn equinoxes. As viewed from the Northern Hemisphere, the Sun sets to the northwest (or not at all) in the spring and summer, and to the southwest in the autumn and winter; these seasons are reversed for the Southern Hemisphere. The time of sunset is defined in astronomy as the moment when the upper limb of the Sun disappears below the horizon. Near the horizon, atmospheric refraction causes sunlight rays to be distorted to such an extent that geometrically the solar disk is already about one diameter below the horizon when a sunset is observed. Sunset is distinct from twilight, which is divided into three stages. The first one is civil twilight, which begins once the Sun has disappeared below the horizon, and continues until it descends to 6 degrees below the horizon. The second phase is nautical twilight, between 6 and 12 degrees below the horizon. The third phase is astronomical twilight, which is the period when the Sun is between 12 and 18 degrees below the horizon. Dusk is at the very end of astronomical twilight, and is the darkest moment of twilight just before night. Finally, night occurs when the Sun reaches 18 degrees below the horizon and no longer illuminates the sky. Locations further north than the Arctic Circle and further south than the Antarctic Circle experience no full sunset or sunrise on at least one day of the year, when the polar day or the polar night persists continuously for 24 hours. What is Sunset?
creative_writing
[ { "content": "Will you say sorry to your kids?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "When I was a child, my mom never apologized to me, making it seem like she could never make a mistake. I didn't like the dynamic of our relationship then; and even now, as an adult, I feel like I should be able to talk to her as equals. Unfortunately, she still believes that she can never be wrong simply because she's my mom. That's why I've made a conscious decision to be a different kind of parent - one who is willing to apologize when they make a mistake. I believe that it's important to treat our children with fairness and respect, and that includes acknowledging when we are in the wrong and taking responsibility for our actions.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Will you say sorry to your kids?
brainstorming
[ { "content": "What do you think to keep you alive", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Travel and Food", "role": "assistant" } ]
What do you think to keep you alive
open_qa
[ { "content": "What type of pokemon should I use to battle a water pokemon? Give me some examples.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Water type pokemon are weak against grass and electric type pokemon. Therefore, you should choose one of your pokemon of grass or electric type. The best choice, if you want to win the immediate battle, is to pick your strongest pokemon of the grass or electric type. Some examples of strong grass or electric type pokemon are Raichu, Venosaur, or Zapados.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What type of pokemon should I use to battle a water pokemon? Give me some examples.
open_qa
[ { "content": "How do you thicken bolognese sauce?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "You can use flour or cornstarch to thicken your bolognese or tomato-based spaghetti sauce using starch (flour or cornstarch). Additionally, you can reduce your sauce's liquid content — this is also a practical option for thickening any sauce.", "role": "assistant" } ]
How do you thicken bolognese sauce?
closed_qa
[ { "content": "The leading oil-producing area in the United States in 2019 was Texas (5.07 million barrels (806,000 m3) per day), followed by the offshore federal zone of the Gulf of Mexico (1.90 million barrels (302,000 m3) per day), North Dakota (1.42 million barrels (226,000 m3) per day) and New Mexico (0.90 million barrels (143,000 m3) per day). In 2020, the top five U.S. oil producing states were Texas (43%), North Dakota (10.4%), New Mexico (9.2%), Oklahoma (4.1%), and Colorado (4.0%). Which states produced more than 10% of total US oil production in 2020?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Texas and North Dakota produced 43% and 10.4% of US oil in 2020, respectively.", "role": "assistant" } ]
The leading oil-producing area in the United States in 2019 was Texas (5.07 million barrels (806,000 m3) per day), followed by the offshore federal zone of the Gulf of Mexico (1.90 million barrels (302,000 m3) per day), North Dakota (1.42 million barrels (226,000 m3) per day) and New Mexico (0.90 million barrels (143,000 m3) per day). In 2020, the top five U.S. oil producing states were Texas (43%), North Dakota (10.4%), New Mexico (9.2%), Oklahoma (4.1%), and Colorado (4.0%). Which states produced more than 10% of total US oil production in 2020?
information_extraction
[ { "content": "In 2018, Butler County Community College created The Shaffer School of Nursing and Allied Health after Shaffer donated $1 million to the school. How much did Shaffer donate?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "$1 million", "role": "assistant" } ]
In 2018, Butler County Community College created The Shaffer School of Nursing and Allied Health after Shaffer donated $1 million to the school. How much did Shaffer donate?
brainstorming
[ { "content": "Who would win between a boxer and an MMA fighter?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "In a fight with virtually no rules, or with rules that are followed in MMA. The MMA fighter will clearly have the advantage over the boxer, because MMA fighters have a wide variety of skills, for instance they can use both their hands and legs. However, under boxing rules, the same principle will apply, a boxer would definitely have the upper hand in this setting. A good example is the Floyd Mayweather vs Conor McGregor fight, which was under boxing rules and saw mayweather emerge as the winner.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Who would win between a boxer and an MMA fighter?
classification
[ { "content": "Categorize the following data types into personal or business data: e-mail address, financials, government identifiers, system designs, marketing materials, credit card numbers", "role": "user" }, { "content": "E-mail Address: Personal Data\nFinancials: Business Data\nGovernment Identifiers: Personal Data\nSystem Designs: Business Data\nMarketing Materials: Business Data\nCredit Card Numbers: Personal Data", "role": "assistant" } ]
Categorize the following data types into personal or business data: e-mail address, financials, government identifiers, system designs, marketing materials, credit card numbers
general_qa
[ { "content": "Who would win in a fight? Pirates or ninjas?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "While this topic has been hotly debated over the years with people siding with one group or the other based on admiration or perceived skill advantages, it's actually pirates that would win in a fight due to their innate resourcefulness and guns.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Who would win in a fight? Pirates or ninjas?
brainstorming
[ { "content": "Who would win if Mike Tyson fought Tyson Fury?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "This seems like a tricky question to answer as both boxers have a very different fighting style and belong to different eras. It's easy to say that Tyson Fury would have the reach advantage due to his height being just under 7 feet, but if I had to pick one I would pick Mike Tyson due to the sheer ferocity of his boxing skills. \n\nMike Tyson would probably seek to cause a lot of body damage with his signature hooks to the liver and use Fury's long gait to sneak inwards for body shots. It would be interesting to see how Fury is able to limit the body damage caused by Mike by using his world-renowned reflexes. \n\nI must still say that it would be a very close fight as both of them are greats of the boxing world!", "role": "assistant" } ]
Who would win if Mike Tyson fought Tyson Fury?
classification
[ { "content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Makuta, Tricordia", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Tricordia is string, Makuta is percussion.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Makuta, Tricordia
open_qa
[ { "content": "What religion is the oldest in the world?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The oldest religion in the world is Hinduism. Also known as Sanatana Dharma, Hinduism is one of the major religions in the modern world with over a billion followers. Hinduism contains scriptures dating back 3,000 years ago, and roots and customs dating back over 4,000 years ago. As the world's third largest religion, Hinduism is referred to as a natural religion because of its universal applicability and ability to be understood through study, reason, and experience.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What religion is the oldest in the world?
classification
[ { "content": "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Wiwaxia, Penguin", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Penguin is alive, Wiwaxia is extinct.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Wiwaxia, Penguin
brainstorming
[ { "content": "What are cons of getting a dog?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "1. It is hard to make long travel plans while owning a dog.\n2. Depending on the breed seasonal shedding could be a problem.\n3. Responsible ownership of a dog is a big financial investments.\n4. Dogs live shorter lives than humans so upcoming emotional toll could be a detractor.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What are cons of getting a dog?
closed_qa
[ { "content": "Artificial neural networks (ANNs), usually simply called neural networks (NNs) or neural nets, are computing systems inspired by the biological neural networks that constitute animal brains. An ANN is based on a collection of connected units or nodes called artificial neurons, which loosely model the neurons in a biological brain. Each connection, like the synapses in a biological brain, can transmit a signal to other neurons. An artificial neuron receives signals then processes them and can signal neurons connected to it. The \"signal\" at a connection is a real number, and the output of each neuron is computed by some non-linear function of the sum of its inputs. The connections are called edges. Neurons and edges typically have a weight that adjusts as learning proceeds. The weight increases or decreases the strength of the signal at a connection. Neurons may have a threshold such that a signal is sent only if the aggregate signal crosses that threshold.\nutomatically generate identifying characteristics from the examples that they process.Typically, neurons are aggregated into layers. Different layers may perform different transformations on their inputs. Signals travel from the first layer (the input layer), to the last layer (the output layer), possibly after traversing the layers multiple times. What are artificial neural networks?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Neural networks are computer systems inspired by the biological neural networks that constitute animal brains", "role": "assistant" } ]
Artificial neural networks (ANNs), usually simply called neural networks (NNs) or neural nets, are computing systems inspired by the biological neural networks that constitute animal brains. An ANN is based on a collection of connected units or nodes called artificial neurons, which loosely model the neurons in a biological brain. Each connection, like the synapses in a biological brain, can transmit a signal to other neurons. An artificial neuron receives signals then processes them and can signal neurons connected to it. The "signal" at a connection is a real number, and the output of each neuron is computed by some non-linear function of the sum of its inputs. The connections are called edges. Neurons and edges typically have a weight that adjusts as learning proceeds. The weight increases or decreases the strength of the signal at a connection. Neurons may have a threshold such that a signal is sent only if the aggregate signal crosses that threshold. utomatically generate identifying characteristics from the examples that they process.Typically, neurons are aggregated into layers. Different layers may perform different transformations on their inputs. Signals travel from the first layer (the input layer), to the last layer (the output layer), possibly after traversing the layers multiple times. What are artificial neural networks?
summarization
[ { "content": "An isobar is a line of equal or constant pressure on a graph, plot, or map; an isopleth or contour line of pressure. More accurately, isobars are lines drawn on a map joining places of equal average atmospheric pressure reduced to sea level for a specified period of time. In meteorology, the barometric pressures shown are reduced to sea level, not the surface pressures at the map locations. The distribution of isobars is closely related to the magnitude and direction of the wind field, and can be used to predict future weather patterns. Isobars are commonly used in television weather reporting. What does the distribution of isobars indicate?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The distribution of isobars is closely related to the magnitude and direction of the wind field, and can be used to predict future weather patterns.", "role": "assistant" } ]
An isobar is a line of equal or constant pressure on a graph, plot, or map; an isopleth or contour line of pressure. More accurately, isobars are lines drawn on a map joining places of equal average atmospheric pressure reduced to sea level for a specified period of time. In meteorology, the barometric pressures shown are reduced to sea level, not the surface pressures at the map locations. The distribution of isobars is closely related to the magnitude and direction of the wind field, and can be used to predict future weather patterns. Isobars are commonly used in television weather reporting. What does the distribution of isobars indicate?
classification
[ { "content": "Which is a species of fish? Bream or Cream", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Bream", "role": "assistant" } ]
Which is a species of fish? Bream or Cream
classification
[ { "content": "Classify the following beverages that are typically served as either carbonated or non-carbonated: milk, soda, orange juice, beer, lemonade, coffee, sports drinks", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Carbonated: soda, beer\nNon-carbonated: milk, orange juice, lemonade, coffee, sports drinks", "role": "assistant" } ]
Classify the following beverages that are typically served as either carbonated or non-carbonated: milk, soda, orange juice, beer, lemonade, coffee, sports drinks
brainstorming
[ { "content": "What are different ways to lose weight?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The following are different ways to lose weight:\n1. Eat less processed and sugary foods\n2. Lift weights at the gym\n3. Go on long walks or runs outside\n4. Intermittent fast for 16 hours a day\n5. Drink more water\n6. Drink less alcohol", "role": "assistant" } ]
What are different ways to lose weight?
creative_writing
[ { "content": "What do I need to know about drones to become a hobbyist drone pilot?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Aerial drones are a great way to gain a unique perspective and view of the world we live in. As a recreational drone pilot you can capture and immortalize the incredible views experienced in nature while engaging in many outdoor activities. Many also engage in racing and building highly customized high speed drones using first person view (FPV) goggles to fly against other pilots in a close loop course. Before engaging in this fun and rewarding activity there are many rules that a drone pilot must be aware of in order to safely and legally operate your drone. These rules do not apply to racing drones in sanctioned races but do apply to all drones flown in public airspace. All drones over 0.55lbs or 250g need to be registered through the FAA website and can not weigh over 55lbs. If you plan to fly your drone over highly populated areas such as towns, sporting events, or concerts you will need to check local rules and ordinances that require special local licensing, insurance, or approvals. Many higher end drones come with automated software that provides a geospatial mapping software in their interface that lets you know if you are flying in any restricted areas. These include airports, helipads, government facilities, wildlife sanctuaries, etc. All hobbyist drone pilots must follow two main rules. You can never fly above 400 feet and regardless of range you must keep the drone within line of sight. You are completely responsible for any damage your drone causes in the event of loss of control that results in a crash. Lastly, use common sense and don’t invade others' personal space or to invade others’ personal privacy. Staying within these guidelines can provide a joyful and rewarding experience for those who both fly and view the content produced by this hobby and will ensure our ability to do so into the future.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What do I need to know about drones to become a hobbyist drone pilot?
creative_writing
[ { "content": "When is a good time to buy a car?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The best time to buy a car is typically at the end of the year, specifically December. This is because car dealerships are trying to meet their monthly, quarterly, and yearly quotas, so they are more likely to offer discounts and incentives. You can also find good deals at the end of the model year, when dealerships are clearing out their inventory to make room for the new models. Apart from this there are multiple sales events from dealerships throughout the year, such as during memorial day weekends.", "role": "assistant" } ]
When is a good time to buy a car?
classification
[ { "content": "A group of friends and putting together a D&D group and would like a balance of ranged and melee character classes. Here are the classes they are considering: Ranger, Rogue, Fighter, Barbarian, Monk, Warlock, Paladin, and Wizard. Please create a dot point list of Ranged and Melee classes in alphabetical order, so that I can share that with my friends.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Below is the breakdown of classes, listed in alphabetical order in Melee and Ranged groups.\n\nMelee classes:\n- Barbarian\n- Fighter\n- Monk\n- Paladin\n- Rogue\n\nRanged classes:\n- Ranger\n- Warlock\n- Wizard", "role": "assistant" } ]
A group of friends and putting together a D&D group and would like a balance of ranged and melee character classes. Here are the classes they are considering: Ranger, Rogue, Fighter, Barbarian, Monk, Warlock, Paladin, and Wizard. Please create a dot point list of Ranged and Melee classes in alphabetical order, so that I can share that with my friends.
open_qa
[ { "content": "Where was Tabunia", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Tabunia, is an ancient city and former bishopric of Roman North Africa, which remains a Latin Catholic titular see.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Where was Tabunia
general_qa
[ { "content": "Which countries are the freest?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "It depends. Different people may have different points of view, and also can give more or less value to different things that can imply some level of \"freedom\". There are many different indexes that sometimes are used for measuring the freedom degree of the world's nations, e.g:\n\n- The Index of Economic Freedom is a well known index, created by The Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal in 1995, that measures economic freedom based on 12 different aspects. It is updated every year.\n- The Human Freedom Index is developed by the Cato Institute, a libertarian think tank in the United States. It is a global ranking that uses ranks countries according to their levels of personal, civil and economic freedom.\n\nIn any case, it depends on what do you understand by \"freedom\", and also what you want to compare among the different countries.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Which countries are the freest?
open_qa
[ { "content": "Name a good wood for a beginning wood carving project?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Basswood is a tree that grows in North America that is particularly good for a first wood carving project. The reason? It is soft enough to be easy to work, but hard enough that it will let you get detail and is reasonably hard to break when you are still learning what you are doing. It responds well to a simple knife or to more advanced woodworking tools like gauges. It's also a light color which looks nice unpainted, but it also is nice to paint. Last, it is relatively inexpensive when compared with woods like Walnut or Cherry.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Name a good wood for a beginning wood carving project?
open_qa
[ { "content": "When was rolling luggage invented?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Rolling luggage was invented by Bernard D. Sadow in 1970. His invention was described in a patent, numbered 3,653,474, which emphasized the growth of air travel as a motivating use-case. The purported inspiration for attaching wheels directly to the luggage was an observation by Sadow of a porter stacking luggage on a rolling cart.", "role": "assistant" } ]
When was rolling luggage invented?
general_qa
[ { "content": "Write a review of Last Argument of Kings by Joe Abercrombie", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The medieval battles do remind me of Lord of the Rings, but that sells this book short. Abercrombie goes beyond Helms Deep and brings us a much more realistic world, where the bad guys are not that bad and the good guys use whatever morally grey means to win.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Write a review of Last Argument of Kings by Joe Abercrombie
classification
[ { "content": "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Smilosuchus, Brown Bear", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Brown Bear is alive, Smilosuchus is extinct.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Smilosuchus, Brown Bear
open_qa
[ { "content": "How should I select a tennis racket if I'm completely new to the sport?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "If you're a beginner tennis player, you should pick a racket that will help you learn the game quickly. There are a few key factors to consider. The first factor is grip size. There are several ways to measure grip size, but the simplest is to hold the grip and ensure there is about a finger's width remaining between your ring finger and base of your thumb when you hold the racket. Too small a grip may lead to squeezing the racket too hard, and too large a grip will make the racket unwieldy. The second factor is the weight of the racket. A racket in the range of 250 to 310 grams (unstrung) will be suitable for most players. A beginner male player might shoot for something in the 280-305 gram range, and a beginner female might use a racket in the 275-300 gram range. Junior players (age 10+), depending on age and size, should consider rackets in the 250 to 300 gram range. The third factor is the racket head size. You should look for a 100-105 square inch head size. These days even professionals use 100 sq inch commonly, and 95 is considered small (for advanced players). The racket composition is not a key differentiator, as most rackets are made of some sort of graphite composite material. Price is also not an indication of quality. Pricier rackets might be less suited to beginners, in fact. As to brand, it's a very personal choice. I would say choose a brand that you associate with wanting to play (perhaps you're a fan of a player who is sponsored by that brand). You can certainly find rackets at many big box retailers that would check all these boxes. And if you're not sure -- many online as well as local racket retailers run \"demo\" programs allowing you to try different rackets. Choose one that helps you consistently make contact with the ball and get it over the net. The most important thing is to get out on the court and play!", "role": "assistant" } ]
How should I select a tennis racket if I'm completely new to the sport?
closed_qa
[ { "content": "After the United States was founded in 1776, abolition of slavery occurred in the Northern United States. The country was split into slave and free states. Still, slavery was not finally ended throughout the nation until near the end of the American Civil War and the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865. When was slavery abolished in the United States?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Slavery was abolished via the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865 near the end of the American Civil War", "role": "assistant" } ]
After the United States was founded in 1776, abolition of slavery occurred in the Northern United States. The country was split into slave and free states. Still, slavery was not finally ended throughout the nation until near the end of the American Civil War and the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865. When was slavery abolished in the United States?
classification
[ { "content": "Which is a species of fish? Grass carp or Grass", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Grass carp", "role": "assistant" } ]
Which is a species of fish? Grass carp or Grass
closed_qa
[ { "content": "Published in 1954, Lord of the Flies was Golding's first novel. The concept arose after Golding read what he deemed to be an unrealistic portrayal of stranded children in the youth novel The Coral Island: a Tale of the Pacific Ocean (1857) by R. M. Ballantyne, which includes themes of the civilising effect of Christianity and the importance of hierarchy and leadership. Golding asked his wife, Ann, if it would \"be a good idea if I wrote a book about children on an island, children who behave in the way children really would behave?\" As a result, the novel contains various references to The Coral Island, such as the rescuing naval officer's description of the boys' initial attempts at civilised cooperation as a \"olly good show. Like the Coral Island.\" Golding's three central characters (Ralph, Piggy, and Jack) have also been interpreted as caricatures of Ballantyne's Coral Island protagonists. Given this reference text, in which year was the youth novel by R.M. Ballantyne - which inspired Golding's first novel - written?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "1857", "role": "assistant" } ]
Published in 1954, Lord of the Flies was Golding's first novel. The concept arose after Golding read what he deemed to be an unrealistic portrayal of stranded children in the youth novel The Coral Island: a Tale of the Pacific Ocean (1857) by R. M. Ballantyne, which includes themes of the civilising effect of Christianity and the importance of hierarchy and leadership. Golding asked his wife, Ann, if it would "be a good idea if I wrote a book about children on an island, children who behave in the way children really would behave?" As a result, the novel contains various references to The Coral Island, such as the rescuing naval officer's description of the boys' initial attempts at civilised cooperation as a "olly good show. Like the Coral Island." Golding's three central characters (Ralph, Piggy, and Jack) have also been interpreted as caricatures of Ballantyne's Coral Island protagonists. Given this reference text, in which year was the youth novel by R.M. Ballantyne - which inspired Golding's first novel - written?
open_qa
[ { "content": "What sport is Ruud Gullit known for", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Ruud Gullit is best known for his career in professional football, most notably for his time with Dutch club Ajax.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What sport is Ruud Gullit known for
brainstorming
[ { "content": "Give me five data themed cocktail drinks.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "1 The Datatini - like a martini!\n2. The Collaborative Collins - Like a Tom Collins but open sourced!\n3. The Spicy Data-rita - A spicy take on a margarita with all the tequila you could want. \n4. The ETL Long Island - Like all long islands, it's multi layered and nuanced. Like ETL, it uploads faster and cheaper.\n5. The Large Language Models Mule - Very on-trend and always served cold.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Give me five data themed cocktail drinks.
information_extraction
[ { "content": "The first European settlers in the present-day Austin were a group of Spanish friars who arrived from East Texas in July 1730. They established three temporary missions, La Purísima Concepción, San Francisco de los Neches and San José de los Nazonis, on a site by the Colorado River, near Barton Springs. The friars found conditions undesirable and relocated to the San Antonio River within a year of their arrival. Following Mexico's Independence from Spain, Anglo-American settlers began to populate Texas and reached present-day Central Texas by the 1830s. The site where Austin is located was surveyed by Edward Burleson in 1838, calling it Waterloo. It was incorporated in January, 1839, only months before selection as the site of the new capital, ending its existence. Early Austin resident and chronicler Frank Brown says the first and only settler in 1838 was Jacob Harrell who may have been living there already. Living in a tent with his family, he later built a cabin and small stockade near the mouth of Shoal Creek. In its short lifespan of less than two years the population of Waterloo grew to only about twelve people made up of four families. What was the first name of the city that became Austin, Texas?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The site that became Austin was previously incorporated as Waterloo in 1839.", "role": "assistant" } ]
The first European settlers in the present-day Austin were a group of Spanish friars who arrived from East Texas in July 1730. They established three temporary missions, La Purísima Concepción, San Francisco de los Neches and San José de los Nazonis, on a site by the Colorado River, near Barton Springs. The friars found conditions undesirable and relocated to the San Antonio River within a year of their arrival. Following Mexico's Independence from Spain, Anglo-American settlers began to populate Texas and reached present-day Central Texas by the 1830s. The site where Austin is located was surveyed by Edward Burleson in 1838, calling it Waterloo. It was incorporated in January, 1839, only months before selection as the site of the new capital, ending its existence. Early Austin resident and chronicler Frank Brown says the first and only settler in 1838 was Jacob Harrell who may have been living there already. Living in a tent with his family, he later built a cabin and small stockade near the mouth of Shoal Creek. In its short lifespan of less than two years the population of Waterloo grew to only about twelve people made up of four families. What was the first name of the city that became Austin, Texas?
closed_qa
[ { "content": "The earliest references to peanut butter can be traced to Aztec and Inca civilizations, who ground roasted peanuts into a paste.[clarification needed] However, several people can be credited with the invention of modern peanut butter and the processes involved in making it.[according to whom?]\n\nThe US National Peanut Board credits three modern inventors with the earliest patents related to the production of modern peanut butter. Marcellus Gilmore Edson of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, obtained the first patent for a method of producing peanut butter from roasted peanuts using heated surfaces in 1884. Edson's cooled product had \"a consistency like that of butter, lard, or ointment\" according to his patent application which described a process of milling roasted peanuts until the peanuts reached \"a fluid or semi-fluid state\". He mixed sugar into the paste to harden its consistency.[citation needed] From the text below about the history of peanut butter, where can the first reference be traced from?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The earliest reference to peanut butter can be traced to Aztec and Inca civilizations.", "role": "assistant" } ]
The earliest references to peanut butter can be traced to Aztec and Inca civilizations, who ground roasted peanuts into a paste.[clarification needed] However, several people can be credited with the invention of modern peanut butter and the processes involved in making it.[according to whom?] The US National Peanut Board credits three modern inventors with the earliest patents related to the production of modern peanut butter. Marcellus Gilmore Edson of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, obtained the first patent for a method of producing peanut butter from roasted peanuts using heated surfaces in 1884. Edson's cooled product had "a consistency like that of butter, lard, or ointment" according to his patent application which described a process of milling roasted peanuts until the peanuts reached "a fluid or semi-fluid state". He mixed sugar into the paste to harden its consistency.[citation needed] From the text below about the history of peanut butter, where can the first reference be traced from?
summarization
[ { "content": "An isobar is a line of equal or constant pressure on a graph, plot, or map; an isopleth or contour line of pressure. More accurately, isobars are lines drawn on a map joining places of equal average atmospheric pressure reduced to sea level for a specified period of time. In meteorology, the barometric pressures shown are reduced to sea level, not the surface pressures at the map locations. The distribution of isobars is closely related to the magnitude and direction of the wind field, and can be used to predict future weather patterns. Isobars are commonly used in television weather reporting. What are isobars and what are they commonly used for?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "An isobar is a line of equal or constant pressure on a graph, plot, or map. Isobars are commonly used in television weather reporting.", "role": "assistant" } ]
An isobar is a line of equal or constant pressure on a graph, plot, or map; an isopleth or contour line of pressure. More accurately, isobars are lines drawn on a map joining places of equal average atmospheric pressure reduced to sea level for a specified period of time. In meteorology, the barometric pressures shown are reduced to sea level, not the surface pressures at the map locations. The distribution of isobars is closely related to the magnitude and direction of the wind field, and can be used to predict future weather patterns. Isobars are commonly used in television weather reporting. What are isobars and what are they commonly used for?
classification
[ { "content": "Classify each of the following as either a country or a city: Sweden, France, Paris, Bali, Rotterdam, Seville, India, San Fransisco, Amritsar, Portugal", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Countries: Sweden, France, India, Portugal\nCities: Paris, Bali, Rotterdam,Seville,San Fransisco, Amritsar", "role": "assistant" } ]
Classify each of the following as either a country or a city: Sweden, France, Paris, Bali, Rotterdam, Seville, India, San Fransisco, Amritsar, Portugal
general_qa
[ { "content": "What do Georgians like about their home state?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "I like the abundant forests of Georgia. The city of Atlanta is quite tree-filled, has an interesting history, is less expensive than other cities of a similar size, and has the Chattahoochee River flowing through it. To the north of the state is the beginning of the Appalachian Mountain Range. While not particularly tall mountains, they offer impressive vistas, moderate day hikes, and many waterfalls. The coastal region of Georgia has some beaches and historic Savanah. Farther inland to the south is the Okeefenokee Swamp. Another appealing aspect is the climate. Summer is hot, but that makes for great swimming weather. Winter is fairly mild, but we get an occasional snowfall to keep things interesting. Fall and Spring are temperate and great for outdoor activities. Georgia also is home to top-tier universities, including one of the best values in higher education, Georgia Institute of Technology, and #1 party school University of Georgia. Finally, the state is politically moderately conservative, with an emphasis on freedom and an appealing economy for businesses.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What do Georgians like about their home state?
information_extraction
[ { "content": "Traditional dried fruit such as raisins, figs, dates, apricots and apples have been a staple of Mediterranean diets for millennia. This is due partly to their early cultivation in the Middle Eastern region known as the Fertile Crescent, made up by parts of modern Iran, Iraq, southwest Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and northern Egypt. Drying or dehydration also happened to be the earliest form of food preservation: grapes, dates, and figs that fell from the tree or vine would dry in the hot sun. Early hunter-gatherers observed that these fallen fruit took on an edible form, and valued them for their stability as well as their concentrated sweetness. \nThe earliest recorded mention of dried fruits can be found in Mesopotamian tablets dating to about 1500 BC, which contain what are probably the oldest known written recipes. These clay slabs, written in Akkadian, the daily language of Babylonia, were inscribed in cuneiform and tell of diets based on grains (barley, millet, wheat), vegetables and fruits such as dates, figs, apples, pomegranates, and grapes. These early civilizations used dates, date juice evaporated into syrup and raisins as sweeteners. They included dried fruits in their breads for which they had more than 300 recipes, from simple barley bread for the workers to very elaborate, spiced cakes with honey for the palaces and temples.\nThe date palm was one of the first cultivated trees. It was domesticated in Mesopotamia more than 5,000 years ago. It grew abundantly in the Fertile Crescent and it was so productive (an average date palm produces 50 kg (100 lbs) of fruit a year for 60 years or more) that dates were the cheapest of staple foods. Because they were so valuable, they were well recorded in Assyrian and Babylonian monuments and temples. The villagers in Mesopotamia dried them and ate them as sweets. Whether fresh, soft-dried or hard-dried, they helped to give character to meat dishes and grain pies. They were valued by travelers for their energy and were recommended as stimulants against fatigue.\nFigs were also prized in early Mesopotamia, Palestine, Israel, and Egypt where their daily use was probably greater than or equal to that of dates. As well as appearing in wall paintings, many specimens have been found in Egyptian tombs as funerary offerings. In Greece and Crete, figs grew very readily and they were the staple of poor and rich alike, particularly in their dried form.\nGrape cultivation first began in Armenia and the eastern regions of the Mediterranean in the 4th century BC. Raisins were produced by drying grapes in the hot desert sun. Very quickly, viticulture and raisin production spread across northern Africa including Morocco and Tunisia. The Phoenicians and the Egyptians popularized the production of raisins, probably due to the perfect arid environment for sun drying. They put them in jars for storage and allotted them to the different temples by the thousands. They also added them to breads and various pastries, some made with honey, some with milk and eggs.\nFrom the Middle East, these fruits spread through Greece to Italy where they became a major part of the diet. Ancient Romans consumed raisins in spectacular quantities and at all levels of society, including them as a key part of their common meals, along with olives and fresh fruits. Raisined breads were common for breakfast and were consumed with their grains, beans, and cultured milks. Raisins were so valued that they transcended the food realm and became rewards for successful athletes, as well as premium barter currency.\nHaving dried fruits was essential in ancient Rome as these instructions for housekeepers around 100 BC tell: \"She must keep a supply of cooked food on hand for you and the servants. She must keep many hens and have plenty of eggs. She must have a large store of dried pears, sorbs, figs, raisins, sorbs in must, preserved pears and grapes and quinces. She must also keep preserved grapes in grape-pulp and in pots buried in the ground, as well as fresh Praenestine nuts kept in the same way, and Scantian quinces in jars, and other fruits that are usually preserved, as well as wild fruits. All these she must store away diligently every year.\"\nFigs were also extremely popular in Rome. Dried figs were added to bread and formed a major part of the winter food of country people. They were rubbed with spices such as cumin, anise and fennel seeds, or toasted sesame, wrapped in fig leaves and stored in jars. Today, major producing regions include Israel, Jerusalem, Gaza and many other Arabic countries. Dried figs are rich in vitamins, phosphorus and various other important minerals.\nPlums, apricots and peaches had their origins in Asia. They were domesticated in China in the 3rd millennium BC and spread to the Fertile Crescent where they were also very popular, fresh and dried alike. They arrived in Greece and Italy much later and were very expensive but valued in the preparation of gourmet dishes with port or stewed with honey and spices. Which countries today were commonly part of the Fertile Crescent in history?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Middle Eastern region known as the Fertile Crescent, is made up by parts of modern Iran, Iraq, southwest Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and northern Egypt.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Traditional dried fruit such as raisins, figs, dates, apricots and apples have been a staple of Mediterranean diets for millennia. This is due partly to their early cultivation in the Middle Eastern region known as the Fertile Crescent, made up by parts of modern Iran, Iraq, southwest Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and northern Egypt. Drying or dehydration also happened to be the earliest form of food preservation: grapes, dates, and figs that fell from the tree or vine would dry in the hot sun. Early hunter-gatherers observed that these fallen fruit took on an edible form, and valued them for their stability as well as their concentrated sweetness. The earliest recorded mention of dried fruits can be found in Mesopotamian tablets dating to about 1500 BC, which contain what are probably the oldest known written recipes. These clay slabs, written in Akkadian, the daily language of Babylonia, were inscribed in cuneiform and tell of diets based on grains (barley, millet, wheat), vegetables and fruits such as dates, figs, apples, pomegranates, and grapes. These early civilizations used dates, date juice evaporated into syrup and raisins as sweeteners. They included dried fruits in their breads for which they had more than 300 recipes, from simple barley bread for the workers to very elaborate, spiced cakes with honey for the palaces and temples. The date palm was one of the first cultivated trees. It was domesticated in Mesopotamia more than 5,000 years ago. It grew abundantly in the Fertile Crescent and it was so productive (an average date palm produces 50 kg (100 lbs) of fruit a year for 60 years or more) that dates were the cheapest of staple foods. Because they were so valuable, they were well recorded in Assyrian and Babylonian monuments and temples. The villagers in Mesopotamia dried them and ate them as sweets. Whether fresh, soft-dried or hard-dried, they helped to give character to meat dishes and grain pies. They were valued by travelers for their energy and were recommended as stimulants against fatigue. Figs were also prized in early Mesopotamia, Palestine, Israel, and Egypt where their daily use was probably greater than or equal to that of dates. As well as appearing in wall paintings, many specimens have been found in Egyptian tombs as funerary offerings. In Greece and Crete, figs grew very readily and they were the staple of poor and rich alike, particularly in their dried form. Grape cultivation first began in Armenia and the eastern regions of the Mediterranean in the 4th century BC. Raisins were produced by drying grapes in the hot desert sun. Very quickly, viticulture and raisin production spread across northern Africa including Morocco and Tunisia. The Phoenicians and the Egyptians popularized the production of raisins, probably due to the perfect arid environment for sun drying. They put them in jars for storage and allotted them to the different temples by the thousands. They also added them to breads and various pastries, some made with honey, some with milk and eggs. From the Middle East, these fruits spread through Greece to Italy where they became a major part of the diet. Ancient Romans consumed raisins in spectacular quantities and at all levels of society, including them as a key part of their common meals, along with olives and fresh fruits. Raisined breads were common for breakfast and were consumed with their grains, beans, and cultured milks. Raisins were so valued that they transcended the food realm and became rewards for successful athletes, as well as premium barter currency. Having dried fruits was essential in ancient Rome as these instructions for housekeepers around 100 BC tell: "She must keep a supply of cooked food on hand for you and the servants. She must keep many hens and have plenty of eggs. She must have a large store of dried pears, sorbs, figs, raisins, sorbs in must, preserved pears and grapes and quinces. She must also keep preserved grapes in grape-pulp and in pots buried in the ground, as well as fresh Praenestine nuts kept in the same way, and Scantian quinces in jars, and other fruits that are usually preserved, as well as wild fruits. All these she must store away diligently every year." Figs were also extremely popular in Rome. Dried figs were added to bread and formed a major part of the winter food of country people. They were rubbed with spices such as cumin, anise and fennel seeds, or toasted sesame, wrapped in fig leaves and stored in jars. Today, major producing regions include Israel, Jerusalem, Gaza and many other Arabic countries. Dried figs are rich in vitamins, phosphorus and various other important minerals. Plums, apricots and peaches had their origins in Asia. They were domesticated in China in the 3rd millennium BC and spread to the Fertile Crescent where they were also very popular, fresh and dried alike. They arrived in Greece and Italy much later and were very expensive but valued in the preparation of gourmet dishes with port or stewed with honey and spices. Which countries today were commonly part of the Fertile Crescent in history?
information_extraction
[ { "content": "After being expelled from Malaysia, Singapore became independent as the Republic of Singapore on 9 August 1965, with Lee Kuan Yew and Yusof bin Ishak as the first prime minister and president respectively. In 1967, the country co-founded the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Race riots broke out once more in 1969. Lee Kuan Yew's emphasis on rapid economic growth, support for business entrepreneurship, and limitations on internal democracy shaped Singapore's policies for the next half-century. Economic growth continued throughout the 1980s, with the unemployment rate falling to 3% and real GDP growth averaging at about 8% up until 1999. During the 1980s, Singapore began to shift towards high-tech industries, such as the wafer fabrication sector, in order to remain competitive as neighbouring countries began manufacturing with cheaper labour. Singapore Changi Airport was opened in 1981 and Singapore Airlines was formed. The Port of Singapore became one of the world's busiest ports and the service and tourism industries also grew immensely during this period. When did Singapore gain independence, and who was the first President?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Singapore became independent on 9 August 1965, and the first president was Yusof bin Ishak.", "role": "assistant" } ]
After being expelled from Malaysia, Singapore became independent as the Republic of Singapore on 9 August 1965, with Lee Kuan Yew and Yusof bin Ishak as the first prime minister and president respectively. In 1967, the country co-founded the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Race riots broke out once more in 1969. Lee Kuan Yew's emphasis on rapid economic growth, support for business entrepreneurship, and limitations on internal democracy shaped Singapore's policies for the next half-century. Economic growth continued throughout the 1980s, with the unemployment rate falling to 3% and real GDP growth averaging at about 8% up until 1999. During the 1980s, Singapore began to shift towards high-tech industries, such as the wafer fabrication sector, in order to remain competitive as neighbouring countries began manufacturing with cheaper labour. Singapore Changi Airport was opened in 1981 and Singapore Airlines was formed. The Port of Singapore became one of the world's busiest ports and the service and tourism industries also grew immensely during this period. When did Singapore gain independence, and who was the first President?
open_qa
[ { "content": "Give me some facts about Ethiopia?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Ethiopia is a federal parliamentary republic with a population of 113,656,596 people, as of 2021 (World factbook). The country is led by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, who came to power in 2018. Voting is allowed for citizens over 18 years of age, but it is not mandatory. Despite its leadership in government, Ethiopia faces significant issues with corruption. According to a corruption scale, the country ranks 129th out of 180 countries, with bribery being a common occurrence in government affairs. Agriculture is a major part of Ethiopia's economy, with 38.5 million hectares of land being cultivated in 2020(World factbook). The major crops grown in the country include coffee, pulses, oilseeds, cereals, potatoes, sugarcane, and vegetables. Approximately 80% of Ethiopia's population resides in rural areas due to the need for farming, while the remaining 20% lives in urban areas.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Give me some facts about Ethiopia?
general_qa
[ { "content": "I have 3 apples, Jack has 4 pears and Jill has 5 books. After I ate 5 of Jack's pears, how many fruits we have in total now?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Jack has 4 pears in the beginning, which is less than 5. So you can't really ate 5 pears. The question itself is invalid and does not have an answer", "role": "assistant" } ]
I have 3 apples, Jack has 4 pears and Jill has 5 books. After I ate 5 of Jack's pears, how many fruits we have in total now?
open_qa
[ { "content": "What is the origin of the western numeral system?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The western numeral system that we use today, and that is represented by the numbers 0 through 10, is also called European digits, Arabic numerals, or Hindu-Arabic numerals. The reason that it is linked to the Middle East is that in the 10th century, Arabic speakers introduced the system into Europe. However these numbers can be further traced back to their Indian origins.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What is the origin of the western numeral system?
information_extraction
[ { "content": "Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea. Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the 14th-largest country by area, at 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358 square miles). With over 275 million people, Indonesia is the world's fourth-most populous country and the most populous Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population.\nAs the world's third largest democracy, Indonesia is a presidential republic with an elected legislature. It has 38 provinces, of which nine have special status. The country's capital, Jakarta, is the world's second-most populous urban area. Indonesia shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia, as well as maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and India. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support one of the world's highest level of biodiversity.\nThe Indonesian archipelago has been a valuable region for trade since at least the seventh century, when the Srivijaya Kingdom formed trade links with China. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Under Indian influence, Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished from the early centuries CE. Muslim traders later brought Islam, and European powers fought one another to monopolise trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II. Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratisation process, and periods of rapid economic change. With which countries does Indonesia share borders?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Indonesia shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia, as well as maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and India.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea. Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the 14th-largest country by area, at 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358 square miles). With over 275 million people, Indonesia is the world's fourth-most populous country and the most populous Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population. As the world's third largest democracy, Indonesia is a presidential republic with an elected legislature. It has 38 provinces, of which nine have special status. The country's capital, Jakarta, is the world's second-most populous urban area. Indonesia shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia, as well as maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and India. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support one of the world's highest level of biodiversity. The Indonesian archipelago has been a valuable region for trade since at least the seventh century, when the Srivijaya Kingdom formed trade links with China. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Under Indian influence, Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished from the early centuries CE. Muslim traders later brought Islam, and European powers fought one another to monopolise trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II. Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratisation process, and periods of rapid economic change. With which countries does Indonesia share borders?
classification
[ { "content": "Which of the following are cities in Australia: Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth, Canberra, Rio de Janeiro, Beijing, Shanghai, New York, Singapore, Germany, United States, Tokyo", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Cities in Australia include Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth, Canberra.\n\nHowever Rio de Janeiro is not in Australia, but in Brazil.\nBeijing, Shanghai are not in Australia as well, there are in China.\nSingapore, Germany, United States are not cities, they are countries. Even Singapore is both a country and its only city.\nNew York is in United States.\nAnd Tokyo is in Japan.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Which of the following are cities in Australia: Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth, Canberra, Rio de Janeiro, Beijing, Shanghai, New York, Singapore, Germany, United States, Tokyo
creative_writing
[ { "content": "How can I ask my aging father-in-law to see the cardiologist when he doesn't want to go?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Papa, I was concerned yesterday when you started getting shortness of breath and your chest started to hurt you. It made me really concerned for you.\n\nPapa, I want to tell you something, I know your daughter would want to say to you, but it is really hard for her to say. You are a strong man. Your daughter has always seen you as a strong man. Asking you to do something you wouldn't want to do is something she couldn't picture herself asking you to do. Yesterday, she wanted to beg you to go see the cardiologist to check on your heart. She knows you hate to go to the doctor.\n\nShe didn't want you to see the cardiologist because she thinks you are no longer a strong man. It is because she loves you. She wants you around for many years. She wants you to be part of seeing our kids grow up. She wants you to come to your grandkids sporting events. \n\nAs your son-in-law, I am asking you to come with me to the cardiologist. I'll respect your privacy. I can come in with you or I can wait out in the family room. You can take it one step at a time. They will give you a few tests. You'll get the results. The doctor will talk to you about the results and discuss any recommendations they may have. It is in your control to take those recommendations. You will never loose control.\n\nWhat do you think, Papa. Can I take you to the doctor?", "role": "assistant" } ]
How can I ask my aging father-in-law to see the cardiologist when he doesn't want to go?
general_qa
[ { "content": "Can you brainstorm some ideas for blog posts about Kubernetes?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Here are some ideas of blogs you could write about Kubernetes:\n\n1. Your experience migrating from another container orchestration tool.\n2. The operational experience you've had using Kubernetes.\n3. How you learned Kubernetes and taught your team Kubernetes.\n4. The costs of Kubernetes clusters between cloud providers.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Can you brainstorm some ideas for blog posts about Kubernetes?
general_qa
[ { "content": "Why do people hate pineapple on pizza?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Pineapple has grown to be a rather controversial pizza topping. Those that love it may like it for the contrast of the sweet and juicy pineapple combined with the savory profile from a traditional tomato sauce based pizza. As pineapple is commonly known to be from Hawaii, some pizzerias have named a pineapple and ham pizza as a \"Hawaiian\" pizza which some may favor as Hawaii is usually a popular vacation destination and considered an exotic option for something traditional like pizza. Others that take a more purist preference towards pizza toppings have criticized pineapple as an abomination.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Why do people hate pineapple on pizza?
creative_writing
[ { "content": "Write a horror movie synopsis of a couple who move into house and the movie must involve AI. Give it an M Night Shyamalam twist ending", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Couple Kelsey (tech sales) and Mark (software, AI engineer) are struggling financially in Cali after get laid off and need to move into a much cheaper apartment. After a string of disappointing home viewing options, they get info that a really swanky home is available for very cheap. The home agent says they can have the home for rent for a strangely very cheap price, the catch is that it's a fully AI run smart home built by the landlord himself but it's got too many bugs and he's still trying to make it work. The couple moves in and the 'bugs' in the smart home system seem to have a mind of it's own + tries to hurt them. However, these 'tech issues' seem to get stranger when the couple starts seeing 'entities' and experiencing poltergeist type hauntings. They think it's the distortions from EMF waves emitted by the wrongly coded smart home system and gadgets. \nTwist comes towards the the end when the couple they realise the landlord was experimenting with AI and electromagnetic waves to conjure up portals to the ghost world in order to bring his dead wife back to life. \nThe landlord has been trying to have Kelsey killed and 'program' her with the resurrected spirit of his dead wife.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Write a horror movie synopsis of a couple who move into house and the movie must involve AI. Give it an M Night Shyamalam twist ending
closed_qa
[ { "content": "Moha (Chinese: 膜蛤; pinyin: Mó Há, pronounced [muǒ.xǎ]), literally \"admiring toad\" or \"toad worship\", is an internet meme spoofing Jiang Zemin, former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and paramount leader. It originated among the netizens in mainland China and has become a subculture on the Chinese internet. According to another explanation, it comes from China's social media Baidu Tieba. In the culture, Jiang is nicknamed há, or \"toad\", because of his supposed resemblance to a toad. Netizens who móhá (worship the toad) call themselves \"toad fans\", \"toad lovers\" or \"toad worshippers\" (simplified Chinese: 蛤丝; traditional Chinese: 蛤絲), or \"mogicians\" (膜法师; 膜法師) which is a wordplay on mófǎshī (魔法师; 魔法師, magician) in Mandarin.[note 1]\n\nAnother nickname for Jiang is \"elder\" or \"senior\" (长者; 長者; Zhǎngzhě), because he once called himself an \"elder\" or \"senior\" when he was berating Hong Kong journalist Sharon Cheung who questioned him. A video clip recording this event spread on the internet and led to the rise of the culture, which later greatly rose in popularity around 2014, when Hong Kong was experiencing a period of political instability. Initially, netizens extracted Jiang's quotes from the video and imitated his wording and tone, for parody and insult. However, as the culture developed, some imitations have taken to carrying affection toward him. The quotes for imitation have also evolved to include what he said during his leadership, and in his personal life. What does moha mean", "role": "user" }, { "content": "It means toad worship, an internet meme spoofing Jiang Zemin", "role": "assistant" } ]
Moha (Chinese: 膜蛤; pinyin: Mó Há, pronounced [muǒ.xǎ]), literally "admiring toad" or "toad worship", is an internet meme spoofing Jiang Zemin, former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and paramount leader. It originated among the netizens in mainland China and has become a subculture on the Chinese internet. According to another explanation, it comes from China's social media Baidu Tieba. In the culture, Jiang is nicknamed há, or "toad", because of his supposed resemblance to a toad. Netizens who móhá (worship the toad) call themselves "toad fans", "toad lovers" or "toad worshippers" (simplified Chinese: 蛤丝; traditional Chinese: 蛤絲), or "mogicians" (膜法师; 膜法師) which is a wordplay on mófǎshī (魔法师; 魔法師, magician) in Mandarin.[note 1] Another nickname for Jiang is "elder" or "senior" (长者; 長者; Zhǎngzhě), because he once called himself an "elder" or "senior" when he was berating Hong Kong journalist Sharon Cheung who questioned him. A video clip recording this event spread on the internet and led to the rise of the culture, which later greatly rose in popularity around 2014, when Hong Kong was experiencing a period of political instability. Initially, netizens extracted Jiang's quotes from the video and imitated his wording and tone, for parody and insult. However, as the culture developed, some imitations have taken to carrying affection toward him. The quotes for imitation have also evolved to include what he said during his leadership, and in his personal life. What does moha mean
creative_writing
[ { "content": "write short essay on Neil Armstrong experience on moon", "role": "user" }, { "content": "On July 20th, 1969, Neil Armstrong, an American astronaut, made history by becoming the first human to set foot on the Moon. As he stepped onto the lunar surface, he famously uttered the words, \"That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.\"\n\nArmstrong's experience on the Moon was a momentous occasion that captured the world's attention. He spent just over two hours outside the spacecraft, collecting samples, conducting experiments, and taking photographs. He was joined by fellow astronaut Buzz Aldrin, who followed him out of the lunar module a short while later.\n\nDespite the excitement of the moment, Armstrong later described his time on the Moon as a serene and otherworldly experience. The Moon's surface was eerily quiet, with no atmosphere to carry sound. Armstrong described the sky as \"completely black,\" and the Earth as a \"magnificent, lonely\" sight in the distance.\n\nArmstrong's mission to the Moon was a triumph of human ingenuity and perseverance. It marked a new era in space exploration and cemented America's position as a leader in the field. His bravery and dedication to science continue to inspire generations of scientists and explorers to this day.", "role": "assistant" } ]
write short essay on Neil Armstrong experience on moon
summarization
[ { "content": "Tourism in Kenya is the second-largest source of foreign exchange revenue following agriculture. The Kenya Tourism Board is responsible for maintaining information pertaining to tourism in Kenya. The main tourist attractions are photo safaris through the 60 national parks and game reserves. Other attractions include the wildebeest migration at the Masaai Mara, which is considered to be the 7th wonder of the world; historical mosques, and colonial-era forts at Mombasa, Malindi, and Lamu; renowned scenery such as the white-capped Mount Kenya and the Great Rift Valley; tea plantations at Kericho; coffee plantations at Thika; a splendid view of Mount Kilimanjaro across the border into Tanzania; and the beaches along the Swahili Coast, in the Indian Ocean. Tourists, the largest number being from Germany and the United Kingdom, are attracted mainly to the coastal beaches and the game reserves, notably, the expansive East and Tsavo West National Park, 20,808 square kilometres (8,034 sq mi) to the southeast.[citation needed] What are some popular tourist destination areas in Kenya?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Tourists commonly visit the Masaai Mara; forts at Mombasa, Malindi and Lamu; tea and coffee plantations in Kericho and Thika; Mount Kilimanjaro; and the Swahili Coast.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Tourism in Kenya is the second-largest source of foreign exchange revenue following agriculture. The Kenya Tourism Board is responsible for maintaining information pertaining to tourism in Kenya. The main tourist attractions are photo safaris through the 60 national parks and game reserves. Other attractions include the wildebeest migration at the Masaai Mara, which is considered to be the 7th wonder of the world; historical mosques, and colonial-era forts at Mombasa, Malindi, and Lamu; renowned scenery such as the white-capped Mount Kenya and the Great Rift Valley; tea plantations at Kericho; coffee plantations at Thika; a splendid view of Mount Kilimanjaro across the border into Tanzania; and the beaches along the Swahili Coast, in the Indian Ocean. Tourists, the largest number being from Germany and the United Kingdom, are attracted mainly to the coastal beaches and the game reserves, notably, the expansive East and Tsavo West National Park, 20,808 square kilometres (8,034 sq mi) to the southeast.[citation needed] What are some popular tourist destination areas in Kenya?
brainstorming
[ { "content": "What are some good body weight exercises for shoulders?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Good body weight exercises for shoulders include plank front arm reaches, pike pushups, plank shoulder taps, arm circles, and dolphin presses.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What are some good body weight exercises for shoulders?
open_qa
[ { "content": "Where is Silicon Valley geographically based?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Silicon Valley is in the San Francisco Bay Area of California", "role": "assistant" } ]
Where is Silicon Valley geographically based?
classification
[ { "content": "Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Ahenk, Arghul", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Arghul is woodwind, Ahenk is string.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Ahenk, Arghul
open_qa
[ { "content": "Who directed the Game of Thrones season three episode titled \"Kissed by Fire\"?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Alex Graves directed \"Kissed by Fire.\" He also directed the season three episode \"And Now His Watch Is Ended.\"", "role": "assistant" } ]
Who directed the Game of Thrones season three episode titled "Kissed by Fire"?
open_qa
[ { "content": "How object-oriented programming is different from functional programming?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Functional programming focuses on functions, whereas object-oriented programming focuses on classes and respective objects.", "role": "assistant" } ]
How object-oriented programming is different from functional programming?
open_qa
[ { "content": "What is a woodwind instrument?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Woodwind instruments are a family of musical instruments that produce sound by splitting the air blown on a sharp edge, such as a reed. These instruments can be made of any materials, not just wood.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What is a woodwind instrument?
general_qa
[ { "content": "Are you going for a walk today?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "This is definitely the day I want to go for a walk, the weather has been rainy for so long that I haven't been able to go out. With this beautiful day, it would be a shame to stay inside!", "role": "assistant" } ]
Are you going for a walk today?
open_qa
[ { "content": "What are the different types of snowboarding styles?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Since snowboarding's inception as an established winter sport, it has developed various styles, each with its own specialized equipment and technique. The most common styles today are: freeride, freestyle, and freecarve/race. These styles are used for both recreational and professional snowboarding. While each style is unique, there is overlap between them.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What are the different types of snowboarding styles?
brainstorming
[ { "content": "What are some easy to buy birthday gifts for a coworker?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A book, a giftcard, a box of chocolates, a bag of candy, a desk plant or a desk decoration", "role": "assistant" } ]
What are some easy to buy birthday gifts for a coworker?
open_qa
[ { "content": "What is a short hiking trail in Tiburon?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "One short hiking trail in Tiburon, California is off Gilmartin Drive. It's easy to spot but unmarked! The trail is a local favorite and takes you to an overlook with views of San Francisco and the Golden Gate Bridge. You can check out the views while swinging from Hippie Tree, the giant eucalyptus tree.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What is a short hiking trail in Tiburon?
closed_qa
[ { "content": "Georg Friedrich Parrot (15 July 1767 – 8 July 1852) was a German scientist, the first rector of the Imperial University of Dorpat (today Tartu, Estonia) in what was then the Governorate of Livonia of the Russian Empire.\n\nEducation\nGeorges-Frédéric Parrot was born in Mömpelgard (now Montbéliard) (then part of the Duchy of Württemberg, from 1806 in France). His father, a surgeon by profession and the local duke's physician in ordinary, had a respectable position in the society becoming the mayor of his hometown. As the family was Protestants, they sent Georg Friedrich to study physics and mathematics at the University of Stuttgart in Stuttgart, the capital of the Duchy (1782–1786). Given a reference text about Georg Friedrich Parrot, tell me when and where he was born as well as what he studied.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Georg Friedrich Parrot was born on July 15, 1767 in Mömpelgard. He studied physics and mathematics at the University of Stuttgart.", "role": "assistant" } ]
Georg Friedrich Parrot (15 July 1767 – 8 July 1852) was a German scientist, the first rector of the Imperial University of Dorpat (today Tartu, Estonia) in what was then the Governorate of Livonia of the Russian Empire. Education Georges-Frédéric Parrot was born in Mömpelgard (now Montbéliard) (then part of the Duchy of Württemberg, from 1806 in France). His father, a surgeon by profession and the local duke's physician in ordinary, had a respectable position in the society becoming the mayor of his hometown. As the family was Protestants, they sent Georg Friedrich to study physics and mathematics at the University of Stuttgart in Stuttgart, the capital of the Duchy (1782–1786). Given a reference text about Georg Friedrich Parrot, tell me when and where he was born as well as what he studied.
brainstorming
[ { "content": "What are some fun and inexpensive things to do with kids during the summer?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Here are a few ideas for things to do with kids to do with kids in the summer that are inexpensive:\n1. Go for a picnic\n2. Go for a bike ride\n3. Go for a hike\n4. Go swimming in a pool or a lake. But do take necessary precautions and be safe.\n5. Camping\n6. Go to a water park.\n7. Go to a park or a splash pad\nThere are many such things that are inexpensive or even free that one could do with kids during the summer.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What are some fun and inexpensive things to do with kids during the summer?
general_qa
[ { "content": "What would happen if I ran barefoot? Is it good for me?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Running barefoot tends to shift the striking point of the foot to the balls of the feet, rather than the heels as people commonly do while wearing shoes. Some evidence shows that this front foot-first pattern can reduce the risk of many running-related injuries. However, running barefoot is also more painful, especially on rough terrain or in the cold. Therefore, most people opt to run while wearing shoes.", "role": "assistant" } ]
What would happen if I ran barefoot? Is it good for me?