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# Agreeableness
## HEXACO model {#hexaco_model}
### HEXACO agreeableness facets {#hexaco_agreeableness_facets}
To help capture the numerous distinctions between the Big Five and HEXACO models, Ashton and Lee propose four new facet labels in their conceptualization of agreeableness: forgiveness, gentleness, flexibility, and patience. In addition to these four Agreeableness-specific facets, Lee and Ashton have proposed an additional \"interstitial\" facet located in a space shared by agreeableness, honesty-humility, and emotionality: altruism versus antagonism.
- *Forgiveness*: A measure of an individual\'s response to deception or other transgressions. Individuals who score high on this facet tend to regain their trust and re-establish friendly relations by forgiving the offender, while those who score low tend to hold a grudge. Also known as \"forgivingness\".
- *Gentleness*: A measure of how an individual typically evaluates others. Individuals who score high on this facet tend to avoid being overly judgmental, while those who score low are highly critical and judgmental.
- *Flexibility*: A measure of behaviors related to compromise and cooperation. Individuals who score high on this facet prefer cooperation and compromise as means of resolving disagreement, while those who score low tend to be stubborn, argumentative, and unwilling to accommodate others.
- *Patience*: A measure of one\'s response to anger and aggravation. Individuals who score high on this facet tend to be able to tolerate very high levels of anger and maintain their composure while expressing anger. Those who score low on patience have difficulties remaining calm while expressing their anger and tend to have quick tempers, becoming very angry in response to comparatively little provocation.
- *Altruism versus antagonism*: Although shared between three HEXACO factors, altruism versus antagonism is moderately correlated with agreeableness. This interstitial facet assesses the extent to which an individual is sympathetic, soft-hearted, and helpful, with low-scoring individuals tending toward an antagonistic interpersonal style.
## Interpersonal relations {#interpersonal_relations}
Agreeableness is an asset in situations that require getting along with others. Compared to disagreeable persons, agreeable individuals display a tendency to perceive others in a more positive light.
Because agreeable children are more sensitive to the needs and perspectives of others, they are less likely to suffer from social rejection. Children who are less disruptive, less aggressive, and more skilled at entering play groups are more likely to gain acceptance by their peers.
One study found that people high in agreeableness are more `{{clarify|text=emotionally responsive|reason=what does it mean to be "emotionally responsive"?|date=July 2023}}`{=mediawiki} in social situations. This effect was measured on both self-report questionnaires and physiological measures, and offers evidence that extraversion and neuroticism are not the only Big Five personality factors that influence emotion. The effect was especially pronounced among women.
Research also shows that people high in agreeableness are more likely to control negative emotions like anger in conflict situations. Those who are high in agreeableness are more likely to use conflict-avoidant tactics when in conflict with others (whereas people low in agreeableness are more likely to use coercive tactics, like stonewalling or shunning). They are also more willing to give ground to their adversary and may lose arguments with people who are less agreeable. From their perspective, they have not really lost an argument as much as maintained a congenial relationship with another person.
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# Agreeableness
## Prosocial behaviour {#prosocial_behaviour}
Agreeableness is positively associated with altruism and helping behaviour. Across situations, people who are high in agreeableness are more likely to report an interest and involvement with helping others. Experiments have shown that most people are likely to help their own kin, and to help when empathy has been aroused. Agreeable people are likely to help even when these conditions are not present. In other words, agreeable people appear to be \"traited for helping\" and do not need any other motivations.
While agreeable individuals are habitually likely to help others, disagreeable people may be more likely to cause harm. Researchers have found that low levels of agreeableness are associated with hostile thoughts and aggression in adolescents, as well as poor social adjustment. People low in agreeableness are also more likely to be prejudiced against stigmatized groups such as the overweight.
However, high agreeableness does not always lead to prosocial behaviour. In a Milgram experiment, conscientious and agreeable people, when advised by an ill-intending authority, are more willing to administer high-intensity electric shocks to a victim, because conscientious and agreeable people are less capable of resistance.
## Intelligence
Agreeableness and its related traits have generally been assumed to be uncorrelated with cognitive abilities. In general, it does have the fewest and smallest connections with intelligence. However, large-scale meta-analyses have revealed that the aspects of agreeableness (i.e., compassion and politeness) have meaningful and opposite relations with cognitive abilities. For example, compassion correlates .26 with general mental ability whereas politeness correlates -.22 with general science knowledge. Facets of agreeableness also demonstrate some meaningful connections with various cognitive abilities (e.g., cooperation and processing speed correlate .20, modesty and ideational fluency correlate -.17).
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# Agreeableness
## From childhood to adulthood {#from_childhood_to_adulthood}
Agreeableness is important to psychological well-being, predicting mental health, positive affect, and good relations with others. Both childhood and adolescent agreeableness have predictive value. Along with this it has also been implicated to conflict management skills, school adjustment, peer-social status, and self-esteem. Among young adults, individuals that have been diagnosed with externalizing as well as internalizing disorders present lower levels of agreeableness and communion, and higher levels of negative emotionality, than those young adults without such disorders. Disorders such as major depressive disorder negatively correlate to levels of agreeableness. Agreeableness also is reported anger and depression in young adults. Across adulthood, low agreeableness has been found to be a health risk. High agreeableness, especially trust and honesty, has been linked to longevity.
A study done by Caspi, Elder, and Bem (1987) found that explosive and ill-tempered children had higher rates of divorce as adults when compared with their even-tempered peers. Further, ill-tempered men had lower educational attainment, occupational status, and work stability, and ill-tempered women married men with similar low achievement profiles. A second and more recent study by Shiner (2000) found that composite variables describing middle-childhood agreeableness and friendly compliance predicted adolescent academic performance, behavioral conduct, and social competence ten years later. Some personality traits, such as openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness appear remarkably common among patients with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It is not clear whether personality can increase susceptibility to ALS directly. Instead, genetic factors giving rise to personality might simultaneously predispose people to develop ALS, or the above personality traits might underlie lifestyle choices which are in turn risk factors for ALS.
## Geography
### United States {#united_states}
In the United States, people in the West, Midwest, and South tend to have higher average scores on agreeableness than people living in other regions. According to researchers, the top ten most agreeable states are North Dakota, Minnesota, Mississippi, Utah, Wisconsin, Tennessee, North Carolina, Georgia, Oklahoma, and Nebraska. These findings are consistent with well-known expressions in these states, such as \"southern hospitality\" and \"Minnesota nice.\" Because these states are generally less urbanized than the east and west coasts, people may be more likely to live in small communities and know their neighbors. Consequently, they may be more willing to care about and help their neighbours.
In a study done by Albright *et al.* (1997) groups of college students from China and the United States rated strangers from both countries on the \"Big Five\" personality traits, external traits, and how well they were dressed. They found that both Chinese and U.S. students rated faces as showing similar levels of agreeableness and extroversion. The people who were thought to be the most agreeable wore smiles, a facial expression that is recognized around the world. The findings seem to suggest that the trait of agreeableness is attributed to people in a universal way
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# Boňkov
**Boňkov** (`{{IPA|cs|ˈboɲkof}}`{=mediawiki}) is a municipality and village in Havlíčkův Brod District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 80 inhabitants
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# United States House Education Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions
The **House Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions** is a standing subcommittee within the United States House Committee on Education and Labor. It was formerly known as the **Subcommittee on Employer-Employee Relations**.
## Jurisdiction
From **the Official Subcommittee website**, the Subcommittee\'s jurisdiction includes:
- Matters dealing with relationships between employers and employees, including but not limited to the National Labor Relations Act, the Labor-Management Relations Act, and the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act
- the Bureau of Labor Statistics
- and employment-related health and retirement security, including but not limited to pension, health, other employee benefits, and the Employee Retirement Income Security Act
## Members, 119th Congress {#members_119th_congress}
+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Majority | Minority |
+=======================================+===================================================+
| valign=top \| | valign=top \| |
| | |
| - Rick W. Allen, Georgia, *Chair* | - Mark DeSaulnier, California, *Ranking Member* |
| - Bob Onder, Missouri, *Vice Chair* | - Joe Courtney, Connecticut |
| - Joe Wilson, South Carolina | - Donald Norcross, New Jersey |
| - Virginia Foxx, North Carolina | - Lucy McBath, Georgia |
| - James Comer, Kentucky | - Jahana Hayes, Connecticut |
| - Burgess Owens, Utah | - Greg Casar, Texas |
| - Lisa McClain, Michigan | - Summer Lee, Pennsylvania |
| - Erin Houchin, Indiana | - John Mannion, New York |
| - Michael Rulli, Ohio | - Mark Takano, California |
| - Ryan Mackenzie, Pennsylvania | |
| - Michael Baumgartner, Washington | |
+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| *Ex officio* | |
+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| valign=top \| | valign=top \| |
| | |
| - Tim Walberg, Michigan | - Bobby Scott, Virginia |
+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 290 |
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# United States House Education Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions
## Historical membership rosters {#historical_membership_rosters}
### 115th Congress {#th_congress}
+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Majority | Minority |
+=======================================+=====================================================================================================================+
| valign=top \| | valign=top \| |
| | |
| - Tim Walberg, Michigan, *Chairman* | - \<span `{{Party shading/Independent}}`{=mediawiki}\>Gregorio Sablan, Northern Mariana Islands, *Ranking Member* |
| - Joe Wilson, South Carolina | - Frederica Wilson, Florida |
| - Phil Roe, Tennessee | - Donald Norcross, New Jersey |
| - Todd Rokita, Indiana | - Lisa Blunt Rochester, Delaware |
| - Lou Barletta, Pennsylvania | - Carol Shea-Porter, New Hampshire |
| - Rick Allen, Georgia | - Adriano Espaillat, New York |
| - Jason Lewis, Minnesota | - Joe Courtney, Connecticut |
| - Francis Rooney, Florida | - Marcia Fudge, Ohio |
| - Paul Mitchell, Michigan | - Suzanne Bonamici, Oregon |
| - Lloyd Smucker, Pennsylvania | |
| - Drew Ferguson, Georgia | |
| - Ron Estes, Kansas | |
+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *Ex officio* | |
+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| valign=top \| | valign=top \| |
| | |
| - Virginia Foxx, North Carolina | - Bobby Scott, Virginia |
+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
### 116th Congress {#th_congress_1}
+----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| Majority | Minority |
+========================================+=============================================+
| valign=top \| | valign=top \| |
| | |
| - Frederica Wilson, Florida, *Chair* | - Tim Walberg, Michigan, *Ranking Member* |
| - Joe Courtney, Connecticut | - Phil Roe, Tennessee |
| - Marcia Fudge, Ohio | - Rick W. Allen, Georgia |
| - Donald Norcross, New Jersey | - Francis Rooney, Florida |
| - Joseph Morelle, New York | - Jim Banks, Indiana |
| - Susan Wild, Pennsylvania | - Russ Fulcher, Idaho |
| - Josh Harder, California | - Van Taylor, Texas |
| - Lucy McBath, Georgia | - Steve Watkins, Kansas |
| - Lauren Underwood, Illinois | - Ron Wright, Texas |
| - Donna Shalala, Florida | - Dan Meuser, Pennsylvania |
| - Andy Levin, Michigan | - Dusty Johnson, South Dakota |
| - Haley Stevens, Michigan | |
| - Lori Trahan, Massachusetts | |
+----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| *Ex officio* | |
+----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| valign=top \| | valign=top \| |
| | |
| - Bobby Scott, Virginia | - Virginia Foxx, North Carolina |
+----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
### 117th Congress {#th_congress_2}
+------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Majority | Minority |
+==========================================+==============================================+
| valign=top \| | valign=top \| |
| | |
| - Mark DeSaulnier, California, *Chair* | - Rick W. Allen, Georgia, *Ranking Member* |
| - Joe Courtney, Connecticut | - Joe Wilson, South Carolina |
| - Donald Norcross, New Jersey | - Tim Walberg, Michigan |
| - Joseph Morelle, New York | - Jim Banks, Indiana |
| - Susan Wild, Pennsylvania | - Diana Harshbarger, Tennessee |
| - Lucy McBath, Georgia | - Mary Miller, Illinois |
| - Andy Levin, Michigan | - Scott L. Fitzgerald, Wisconsin |
| - Haley Stevens, Michigan | |
| - Frank J. Mrvan, Indiana | |
+------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| *Ex officio* | |
+------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| valign=top \| | valign=top \| |
| | |
| - Bobby Scott, Virginia | - Virginia Foxx, North Carolina |
+------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
### 118th Congress {#th_congress_3}
+-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Majority | Minority |
+===================================+===================================================+
| valign=top \| | valign=top \| |
| | |
| - Bob Good, Virginia, *Chair* | - Mark DeSaulnier, California, *Ranking Member* |
| - Rick W. Allen, Georgia | - Joe Courtney, Connecticut |
| - Joe Wilson, South Carolina | - Donald Norcross, New Jersey |
| - Tim Walberg, Michigan | - Susan Wild, Pennsylvania |
| - Jim Banks, Indiana | - Lucy McBath, Georgia |
| - Lloyd Smucker, Pennsylvania | - Haley Stevens, Michigan |
| - Michelle Steel, California | - Frank J
| 646 |
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# Earth inductor compass
The **Earth inductor compass** (or simply **induction compass**) is a compass that determines directions using the principle of electromagnetic induction, with the Earth\'s magnetic field acting as the induction field for an electric generator. The electrical output of the generator will vary depending on its orientation with respect to the Earth\'s magnetic field. This variation in the generated voltage is measured, allowing the Earth inductor compass to determine direction.
## History
The earth inductor compass was first patented by Donald M. Bliss in 1912 and further refined in the 1920s by Paul R. Heyl and Lyman James Briggs of the United States National Bureau of Standards, and in 1924 by Morris Titterington at the Pioneer Instrument Company in Brooklyn, New York. Heyl and Briggs were awarded the Magellan Medal of the American Philosophical Society for this work in 1922. Designed to compensate for the weaknesses of the magnetic compass, the Earth inductor compass provided pilots with a more stable and reliable reference instrument. They were used in the Douglas World Cruisers in 1924 during the Around-the-World flight by the U.S. Army Air Corps. Charles Lindbergh used the compass on his transatlantic flight in the Spirit of St. Louis in 1927. Over the transatlantic leg of his voyage -- a distance of about 2000 mi -- he was able to navigate with a cumulative error of about 10 mi in landfall, or about one half of one percent of the distance travelled, by computing his heading at hourly intervals for a dead reckoning estimate of position.
## Operation
Bliss\' original design consisted of two armatures spinning on a single vertical axle. One armature was connected to commutators that were 90 degrees offset from the commutators connected to the other armature. When one set of commutators is aligned with the earth\'s magnetic field no current is produced, but an offset angle creates a positive or negative current in proportion to the sine of the offset angle. Since the sine of the angle peaks at 90 degrees, a reading could indicate either a certain direction or the exact opposite direction. The solution to this was a second armature with commutators offset by 90 degrees to help distinguish the two opposite directions.
The direction of travel was read by comparing the indications on two independent galvanometers, one for each armature. The galvanometers had to be calibrated with the correct headings, since the voltage was proportional to the sine of the angle. Readings could be impacted by the armature\'s speed of rotation and by stray magnetic fields.
Later versions simplified readings to show the offset from the intended heading, rather than the full range of compass directions. The revised design allowed the user to rotate the commutators in such a way that zero current would be produced when the craft was traveling in the intended direction. A single galvanometer was then used to show if the pilot was steering too far to the left or to the right.
Lindbergh\'s compass used an anemometer to spin the armature through a universal joint. The armature was mounted on gimbals to prevent it from tilting with the airplane\'s pitch and roll. Tilting the armature could have changed the angle of the Earth\'s flux to the armature, resulting in erroneous readings. The gyroscopic effect of the spinning armature also helped to keep it properly aligned.
## Patents
-
- {{ Cite patent\| country = US \| number = 1840911 \| status = granted \| title = Induction compass \| pubdate = 1932-01-12 \| fdate = 1931-07-08 \| pridate = 1931-07-08 \| inventor = N. Minorsky \| invent1 = N. Minorsky \| assign1 = N
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# Marcy Houses
**The Marcy Houses**, or **The Marcy Projects**, is a public housing complex built and operated by the New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) and located in Bedford--Stuyvesant and is bordered by Flushing, Marcy, Nostrand and Myrtle avenues. The complex was named after William L. Marcy (1786--1857), a lawyer, soldier, and statesman. Consisting of 27 six-story buildings on 28.49 acre, it contains 1,705 apartments housing about 4,286 residents (average of 2.5 people to an apartment).
## Development
The land Marcy is on was bought in 1945 by the City of New York; it had been the site of an old Dutch windmill. Homes and businesses (including two banks) were cleared for the construction of Marcy, as well as sections of Hopkins, Ellery, Floyd (now Martin Luther King Jr. Place), and Stockton streets that went through where the complex now sits. Marcy was completed on January 19, 1949. In 1946, 3.2 acre of the 28.49 acre were set aside for a playground; this playground was reconstructed in 1989.
Marcy has taken steps to become more environmentally friendly; in 2006, it replaced all conventional water heaters with energy-saving, instantaneous water heaters. In October 2008, Marcy\'s neighborhood garden earned 3rd place at the 43rd Annual Garden and Greening Awards Ceremony, and its evergreen garden earned second place. On January 19, 2009, the 60th anniversary of the building\'s completion, Mayor Michael Bloomberg proclaimed the day Marcy Houses Day
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# N (Poland)
`{{Infobox company
| name = n
| logo = NHDTV.png
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| foundation = October 12, 2006
| successor = [[nc+]]
| location = [[Warsaw]], [[Poland]]
| key_people = Markus Tellenbach|
| industry = [[Telecommunication]]
| products = [[Direct-broadcast satellite]]
| defunct = March 21, 2013<ref>{{cite web|title=Start platformy nC+ 21 marca! Jakie zmiany w pakiecie Canal+? (wideo)|url=http://media2.pl/media/101070-Start-platformy-nCplus-21-marca-Jakie-zmiany-w-pakiecie-Canalplus-wideo.html |publisher=Media2|accessdate=2013-03-09}}</ref>
| fate = Merged with [[Canal+ (Polish TV provider)|Cyfra+]]
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| num_employees =
| parent = ITI Neovision
| subsid =
| homepage = [http://n.pl/ n.pl]
}}`{=mediawiki} **n** `{{IPA|pl|ɛn|}}`{=mediawiki} was a Polish DTH platform. It was launched on October 12, 2006 and owned by ITI Neovision. On December 31, 2011 the company had reached 929,000 subscribers. On March 21, 2013, n merged with Cyfra+ to form nc+.
## History
In May 2006, the ITI Group announced the opening of a \"new generation\" subscription television platform for the autumn of 2006, with TVN and Onet acting as key strategic partners in the upcoming project.
N was unveiled to the public in September 2006, aiming for an October 12 launch date.
## Channels
At closing time, N had 99 encrypted channels (6 in foreign languages), 23 free-to-air channels in Polish, 34 HDTV channels, and 3 3D channels.
### In-house channels {#in_house_channels}
Throughout its history, N also had its own in-house channels:
- **Wojna i Pokój** (War and Peace): The channel broadcast movies from the Soviet Union and contemporary Russia, with either Polish voice-over or original Russian audio. Converted to HD in 2012, after which the channel timeshared with Sundance Channel. Shut down in 2013 because of the merger.
- **O.TV**: Channel run by Jerzy Owsiak, broadcasts started in 2007 and ended in 2009. It later ran as a block on ZigZap until 2010.
- **nTALK**: Channel focusing on American and Polish talk shows. Started in 2007 and ended in 2009.
- **nSPORT**: Sports channel. Later integrated into the NC+ offer in 2013 and rebranded in 2014.
## VOD
- VOD collections
- PictureBox -- Universal Studios movies
- nSeriale -- CBS Television Studios, NBCUniversal, Buena Vista International, 20th Century Fox Television and TVN\'s TV series
- nPremium VOD -- movies presented on nFilm HD channels
- funVOD -- set of erotic movies
- VOD Disney -- Disney\'s series
- Premiery VOD -- Warner Bros., Miramax Films, Lions Gate Entertainment, SPI International, Columbia Pictures, 20th Century Fox, DreamWorks, Universal Studios and New Line Cinema movies; unlike VOD collections, every movie in \"Premiery VOD\" is paid separately
- nVOD net
- TVN Player
- HBO on Demand
- National Geographic Channel
- BabyTV
## Set-top boxes {#set_top_boxes}
As for 2012 n offers four set-top boxes to their subscribers. Most notably, it is the only DTH platform in Poland that doesn\'t provide CI modules to use with generic DVB-S2 receivers
| 479 |
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| 0 |
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# Bluepharma
**Bluepharma** (full name Bluepharma --- Indústria Farmacêutica, SA) is a pharmaceutical company of Portuguese ownership, which is located in Coimbra, Portugal. Bluepharma became FDA approved since 2009 for the development of solid pharmaceutical forms, \"becoming the first Portuguese pharmaceutical company to export to the US market.\"
## History
Bluepharma\'s production plant was acquired from Bayer AG when, at the end of the 1990s, the German multinational company made a business decision to consolidate production at its headquarters in Germany. Bayer announced plans to sell the Coimbra manufacturing site by advertising in an international magazine. Paulo Barradas Rebelo, who had gained management and business skills and experience in logistics from a background as chief executive officer of a major wholesaler and distribution company to about 500 pharmacy units within a co-operative, read about the planned sale. He contacted Sérgio Simões, who worked in research locally as a professor at the University of Coimbra. The two men, with Isolina Mesquita who was plant manager for Bayer\'s Coimbra site, decided they would set up a new company, Bluepharma, with the aim of acquiring the Bayer plant and developing it as an integrated contract manufacturing business. The new company took the responsibility for all former Bayer employees, so the German work culture is still present in Bluepharma.
Its buildings occupy about 14,000 square meters at several levels on a land area of 18,700 square meters. The buildings have had several improvements, the most significant being in 1989, when the site was still owned by Bayer, and in 1998. During the first half of the 2000s, the company built a laboratory between the two main buildings to do more research and development work.
## Business
Bluepharma develops its activity on the following areas:
- Contract-manufacturing
- Biopharmaceuticals
- R&D
- Commerce of generics in Portugal
Bluepharma has clients in Portugal, France, Germany and in the UK, among others. One of Bluepharma\'s main clients is Bayer, to which the Portuguese company produced around 3.5 million units in 2004. Other clients include pharmaceuticals brands and companies such as Teva, Ivax, Arrow, EG LABO (Stada), Bexal (Hexal), Mepha (Ratiopharm) and Ciclum (Grünenthal).
Most Bluepharma\'s employees have academic degrees, and many have post-graduate degrees (M.Sc. and PhDs) as well.
## Research & Development {#research_development}
In the R&D area, Bluepharma has research projects in the biotechnology field and is developing generic
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# Jupiter Media Metrix
**Jupiter Media Metrix**, an American media measurement and analytics company, was created via the merger of Jupiter Communications and Media Metrix in June 2000.
The Media Metrix part of Jupiter Media Metrix was subsequently sold to comScore. The AdRelevance product was sold to Nielsen NetRatings in 2002 after the FTC blocked a proposed acquisition of Jupiter Media Metrix by NetRatings, and the Jupiter Research business was sold to INT Media Group in June 2002 for \$250,000 plus the assumption of liabilities
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# Charley Bates
**Charles \"Charley\" Bates** is a supporting character in the Charles Dickens\'s 1838 novel *Oliver Twist*. He is a young boy and a member of Fagin\'s gang of pickpockets. Bates serves as a sidekick to the Artful Dodger, whose skills he admires unreservedly. Bill Sikes\'s murder of Nancy shocks him so much that at the end of the novel he leaves London to become an agricultural labourer.
## In the novel {#in_the_novel}
Charley, along with the Artful Dodger, steals Mr Brownlow\'s handkerchief, a crime that Oliver is blamed for. Later in the novel, Bates delivers the bad news to Fagin that when the Artful Dodger was arrested for stealing a silver snuff box, he was positively identified by the owner, such that it is a sure bet he will be convicted in court. Charley believes that it is too bad he did not go out in a blaze of glory by stealing something of great value instead of a \"common twopenny-halfpenny\" snuffbox. Fagin tells him that the Dodger\'s glory will be in the memory of his comrades: \"wasn\'t he always top-sawyer among you all?\". But Charley is distressed that the Dodger\'s greatness will not be preserved for posterity in the official record, `{{blockquote|"'cause it can't come out in the 'dictment; 'cause nobody will ever know half of what he was. How will he stand in the Newgate Calendar? P'raps not be there at all. Oh, my eye, my eye, wot a blow it is!'"<ref>Dickens, C., ''Oliver Twist'', Chapter XLIII.</ref>}}`{=mediawiki}
At the end of the novel, Charley is horrified by Bill Sikes\'s violent murder of Nancy. When Sikes approaches him, he starts yelling, revealing Sikes\'s location to the mob that wants to lynch him. He is the only member of Fagin\'s gang to reform. In the final chapter Dickens states that Charley left London to work as a farm hand, later becoming a cattle rancher: \"Master Charles Bates, appalled by Sikes\'s crime, fell into a train of reflection whether an honest life was not, after all, the best. Arriving at the conclusion that it certainly was, he turned his back upon the scenes of the past, resolved to amend it in some new sphere of action. He struggled hard and suffered much, for some time; but, having a contented disposition, and a good purpose, succeeded in the end; and, from being a farmer\'s drudge, and a carrier\'s lad, he is now the merriest young grazier in all Northamptonshire.\"
## Media
The character of Charley Bates has a much smaller role in the musical *Oliver!*, and is eliminated entirely from some other adaptations, including the 1997 adaptation and the 2007 miniseries. One adaptation in which his role is almost as significant as in the novel is Roman Polanski\'s 2005 adaptation. His role is also fairly prominent in the 1948 David Lean film. Tito the chihuahua in Disney\'s 1988 animated film *Oliver and Company* is entirely based on Charley. In the children\'s television prequel *Dodger*, Charley (Aabay Ali) is a girl who follows Dodger to London from the north of England and joins Fagin\'s gang with him.
## Critical commentary {#critical_commentary}
Charley is regularly referred to as \"Master Bates\". Whether this is an intentional pun on \"masturbates\" is disputed. The word existed at the time, derived from the Latin verb *masturbari*, but it was relatively obscure, and it is not recorded as a verb until 1857, 19 years after the novel was published. Edward Le Comte considered it to be a Freudian slip. John Sutherland considered it to be too puerile, a \"schoolboy joke\", to be intentional, since Dickens\'s use of names is generally much more sophisticated.
Like Nancy, Charley represents the idea that redemption is possible for even the most degraded characters. Lord Acton considered the portrayal of Charley and Nancy to indicate that *Oliver Twist* was a much more profound work than Dickens\'s earlier novel *The Pickwick Papers*. He wrote that \"Nancy\'s refusal to be delivered from Sikes after her love for the child had brought her a chance of redemption and Charley Bates turning against the murderer are surely in a higher style than anything in Pickwick\". It was Dickens\'s friend John Forster who persuaded him to show Charley finally escaping a life of crime
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| 0 |
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# United States House Education Subcommittee on Healthy Families and Communities
The **House Subcommittee on Healthy Families and Communities** is a former subcommittee within the United States House Committee on Education and Labor. It was also known as the **Subcommittee on Select Education**. The subcommittee was eliminated in 2011, and its jurisdiction transferred to other subcommittees.
## Jurisdiction
From the Official Subcommittee website, the Subcommittee\'s jurisdiction includes:
- Adolescent development and training programs, including but not limited to those providing for the care and treatment of certain at risk youth, including the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act and the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act; all matters dealing with child abuse and domestic violence, including the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, and child adoption; school lunch and child nutrition, poverty programs including the Community Services Block Grant Act, and the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP); all matters dealing with programs and services for the elderly, including nutrition programs and the Older Americans Act; environmental education; all domestic volunteer programs; library services and construction, and programs related to the arts and humanities, museum services, and arts and artifacts indemnity.
## Current members, 111th Congress {#current_members_111th_congress}
+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Majority | Minority |
+==============================================+=========================================================+
| valign=top \| | valign=top \| |
| | |
| - Carolyn McCarthy, New York, *Chairwoman* | - Todd Russell Platts, Pennsylvania, *Ranking Member* |
| - Yvette Clarke, New York | - Howard McKeon, California |
| - Carol Shea-Porter, New Hampshire | - Brett Guthrie, Kentucky |
| - Bobby Scott, Virginia | - Phil Roe, Tennessee |
| - Paul Tonko, New York | - Glenn \"G.T
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# Marcelo Tulbovitz
**Marcelo Tulbovitz Dembovich** (born August 12, 1961 in Montevideo, Uruguay), his parents were of Latvian and Polish ancestry. he is held in high regard among the teams comprising CONMEBOL and CONCACAF.
## Career
Tulbovitz career has brought him through many organizations, including several in Uruguay. He began his football career immediately following his graduation from university in 1986. He won national titles while with CA Progreso, Defensor Sporting Club, Club Nacional de Football, Club Atlético River Plate (Montevideo) and Racing Club de Montevideo of the Primera División Uruguaya.
International teams also flourished with his guidance, including CD Cobresal of the Chilean First Division, and the El Salvador national football team. After coaching Club León\'s youth sides, he moved to Costa Rica in 2003 to join Hernan Medford\'s coaching staff at Deportivo Saprissa. Since joining the Costa Rica team they have won the Uncaf Cup and the CONCACAF Champions Cup, which allowed them to compete in the 2005 FIFA Club World Championship in Japan. Saprissa finished 3rd.
From October, 2006 through 2008 the Costa Rican Football Federation, named Hernan Medford and his staff to coach Costa Rica national football team. After being sacked from the national team due to poor performance, he continued his career as athletic coach for San Carlos, a team in the first division of Costa Rica. He was then appointed again as the athletic coach for the Costa Rica national team on September 16, 2009 with head coach René Simoes on charge.
On October 14, 2009 during a World Cup qualifying match against the United States, Tulbovitz briefly managed the Costa Rica national team on the pitch after Simoes and his assistant, Luis Arnaez were ejected for arguing with the officials. Under his watch, Costa Rica gave up a late goal and settled for a tie in the match, jeopardizing the team\'s chances to qualify for the 2010 FIFA World Cup
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# Demesvar Delorme
**Demesvar Delorme** (10 February 1831 -- 25 December 1901) was a Haitian theoretician, writer, and politician. Born in Cap-Haïtien, he participated in Sylvain Salnave\'s failed rebellion against President Fabre Geffrard in 1865. After the fall of Geffrard and Salnave\'s election as President of Haiti in 1867, he was appointed Minister of External Relations and Minister of Public Education and Cults.
In 1868, he was forced to leave the country and fled to Paris, France, where he lived in exile for ten years, publishing several works. One of his best known writings was the essay \"Les Théoriciens au Pouvoir\", which postulated that political power should belong to the intellectual elite.
From 1891--1897, he was the first resident minister in Berlin with coacredition to the Holy See
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# Same Difference (album)
***Same Difference*** is the fifth studio album by Swedish metal band Entombed. It was released in 1998. This album shows the band moving into a more commercial sound and is generally considered the band\'s weakest moment both by fans and by the band\'s former vocalist, LG Petrov. This is the band\'s first album without original drummer and primary songwriter Nicke Andersson, who left Entombed to focus on his side project, The Hellacopters
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# Gorget patches
**Gorget patches** (**collar tabs**, **collar patches**) are an insignia in the form of paired patches of cloth or metal on the collar of a uniform (gorget), used in the military and civil service in some countries. Collar tabs sign the military rank (group of ranks), the rank of civil service, the military unit, the office (department) or the branch of the armed forces and the arm of service.
## History
Gorget patches were originally gorgets, pieces of armour worn to protect the throat. When armour fell out of use, decorative cloth gorgets used the same name. The cloth patch on the collar however evolved from contrasting cloth used to reinforce the buttonholes at the collar of a uniform coat. (This is perhaps most evident in the traditional Commonwealth design for colonels, which has a button and a narrow line of darker piping where the slit buttonhole would have been.)
In the British Empire the patches were introduced as insignia during the South African War (1889-1902). They have been used ever since in many countries of the Commonwealth of Nations.
The collar patches of most of the armed forces of the Middle East and Arab derive from the uniform tradition of the European empires that dominated the region until World War II, especially Britain and France.
## Countries
### Afghanistan
Afghan army has collar patches similar to Commonwealth ones. Under the Republic of Afghanistan, Afghan police officers working for the Ministry of Interior had a singular star on each collar patch.
### Austria
In Austria collar patches of the Federal Army report the rank and the arm of service. They are also used in the police and fire service. Traditional, corps colours (*Waffenfarben or Adjustierungsfarben*) dominate the basic colours of the rank insignia.
In the Austro-Hungarian Army (k.u.k. Army), collar patches with rank insignia, appliquéd on the gorget of uniform coat, or jacket and the battle-dress blouse, were designated *Paroli*.
: See also:
- Waffenfarbe (Austria)
- Rank insignia of the Austro-Hungarian armed forces
The galleries below show examples of *Parolis*
Patrouilleführer der k.k. Gebirgstruppe 1907-18.png\| *Patrouilleführer* of the k.k. mountain infantry 1906-1918 Major im K.u.k. Eisenbahn-Regiment.png\| Major *Paroli* with special badge of the k.u.k. railway regiment Oberst M16 gg.png\|*Oberst*, *Paroli* with dark-red, vertical stripe 1916
### Australia
In Australia traditional gorget patches are worn by army colonels and general officers as well as by navy midshipmen. In the St John Ambulance Australia First Aid Services Branch, gorget patches distinguish State Staff Officers and National Staff Officers from those who are officers of a division or region.
### Bangladesh
In the Bangladesh Armed Forces officers of the rank of colonel equivalent and above wear gorget patches. They are respectively red, sky blue and black or golden yellow in color. For Colonel and above equivalent ranks \"Shapla\" insignia is displayed. Each higher flag rank level above colonel has an additional star added.
### Belgium
In the Belgian army, the gorget patches have a branch color and rank insignia.
### Brazil
In the Brazilian Army the gorget patches, embroidered oak leaves in silver, are worn on both lapels of rifle green and grey formal dress uniforms by generals. The same insignia, in gold, is worn on both collars of gala full-dress uniforms.
In the State of São Paulo Military Police, commanding officers of the rank of colonel wear, on both lapels of their dark-grey formal uniforms, embroidered silver insignia. This consists of an armillary sphere, surrounded with laurels and with a star on top.
### Bulgaria
Gorget patches in the Bulgarian Army show which branch the wearer belongs to.
### Canada
With the restoration of historical nomenclature and features to the Canadian Army in 2013 reinstated insignia included traditional gorget patches for colonels and general officers. For combat branches these are in scarlet with gold embroidery for generals. However the gorget patches worn by senior officers of the Medical Branch are dull cherry, the Dental Branch emerald green and the Chaplain Branch purple.
### China
In People\'s Liberation Army of People\'s Republic of China gorget patches are used to denote a military rank.
### Egypt
In Egypt red collar patches symbolize the highest ranks of officers.
### Finland
Finnish Army and Air Force use collar patches in dress uniforms. They are used to display rank and corps colours. Not in use on field uniform.
### France
In the French Army collar patches were used on tunics and greatcoats from the early nineteenth century onwards. Usually in contrasting collars to the collar itself, they came to carry a regimental number or specialist insignia. With the adoption of a new light-beige dress uniform for all ranks in the 1980s, the practice of wearing coloured collar patches was discontinued.
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# Gorget patches
## Countries
### Germany
Collar patches, or gorget patches (*Kragenspiegel*, also *Kragenpatten* or *Arabesquen*), are to be worn on the gorget (on both collar points) of military uniform in German speaking armed forces.
However, collar patch insignia for general officers of the *Heer* (Army) are traditionally called *Arabesque collar patch*, also *Larish embroidery*, *Old Prussian embroidery*, or *Arabesquen embroidery* (*Arabesken-Kragenspiegel*, also *Larisch-Stickerei*, *Altpreußische Stickerei* or *Arabeskenstickerei*).
In the German Empire, generals, some officers, guardsmen and seamen wore Kragenspiegel, but these were not part of the service-wide uniform.
In the Weimar Republic such patches (or *Litzen*) were introduced throughout the army in 1921, where they indicated the rank and the arm of service, but were not used in the navy.
The *Wehrmacht* continued this. Some Nazi-era civil services (e.g., police and railways) wore uniforms with collar tabs, similar to the armed forces\' tabs. New tabs were also introduced for the political leaders of the NSDAP as well as new Nazi organisations like the *Sturmabteilung* (SA) or the *Schutzstaffel* (SS).
East Germany used similar collar tabs to those of the *Wehrmacht* for its army and air force. Collar tabs were also worn by some personnel of the navy.
The armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany also maintained the use of collar tabs in the army and the air force, where they indicate to which branch (or *Truppengattung*) an individual soldier belongs. Members of the German Navy do not wear collar tabs.
### Greece
In the Hellenic Army, the use of gorget/collar patches (επιρράμματα) was introduced for the undress and field uniforms, via Austrian and French influences, at the turn of the 20th century. They consist of a distinctive background colour or combination of colours, that denote a specific arm of service or corps; officers also feature a metal device with the arms/corps emblem, while other ranks and non-professional NCOs do not. General officers use a British-style general officer\' patch.
Collar patches are also used by the Hellenic Police (and formerly by the Greek Gendarmerie and the Cities Police) and the Hellenic Fire Service.
### Hong Kong {#hong_kong}
Senior officers, especially the commanding officer of each disciplinary unit in Hong Kong use gorget patches in their formal uniforms:
- Hong Kong Police
- Hong Kong Fire Services
- Hong Kong Correctional Services
- Customs and Excise
- Hong Kong Immigration
- Government Flying Service (Hong Kong)
The various services inherited their used as Hong Kong was a former British colony.
### Indonesia
Gorget patches, officially, called \"monograms\", are worn by members of the Indonesian National Police. Most patches consist of cotton and rice embroidery (or sometimes metal made) on a dark brown background, with a red background for general officers and cadets of the National Police Academy.
Gorget patches have been worn by police since their separation from the Indonesian National Armed Forces in 1999.
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# Gorget patches
## Countries
### India
In India, coloured gorget patches are used by senior-ranking Armed Forces officers of selection-grade rank (colonels, naval captains and group captains) and above: scarlet for Indian Army officers, gold in the Indian Navy and navy blue in the Indian Air Force. The Chief of Defence Staff wears maroon patches. Full colonels in the army wear golden braid on their patches to signify their commanding officer rank, while Navy captains and Air Force group captains wear twin silver oakleaves on theirs, set perpendicular to each other.
Flag officers of one-star through five-star rank wear a corresponding number of stars in gold (Indian Army) or silver (Indian Navy and Indian Air Force) on their collar patches. Flag officers of three-star rank and above who hold command positions wear an oak leaf wreath on each gorget patch, gold in the Army and silver in the Navy and Air Force. Only the Chief of Defence Staff and the three armed force chiefs hold four-star rank and only a field marshal or a marshal of the air force wears five stars. Till date, Sam Manekshaw and Kodandera Madappa Cariappa are the only two officers who have been appointed to the rank of Field Marshal, while Arjan Singh has been appointed to the rank of Marshal of the Indian Air Force. If the Indian Navy rank of Admiral of the Fleet is ever created, the holder would presumably wear five silver stars on a gold patch.
Commandants and deputy inspector-generals (below four years service) in the Indian Coast Guard, who rank with Indian Navy captains, wear a similar insignia of twin golden oakleaves set perpendicularly to each other and mounted on black-coloured patches. Coast Guard officers of one-star through three-star rank wear a corresponding number of gold stars on their patches. All senior ranking police officers of the Rank of Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) or Senior Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP) (both ranks being equivalent with Deputy Commissioner\'s are only in towns which has moved over to a commissioner system of policing this rank being equivalent to a full colonel in the Army) get a dark blue patch with a silver lining. This remains the same for the next higher rank of Deputy Inspector General (DIG) or Additional Commissioner of Police (Addl. CP). However, the next senior officer, The Inspector General (IG) or Joint Commissioner of Police (JCP) has a silver design of a long leaf rather than a simple silver lining on their patch. This remains the same for the ranks of Commissioner of Police and the Director General of Police (DGP).
### Iran
In Iran black collar patches identify the highest ranks of officers.
### Ireland
In the Irish Defence Forces, officers of Brigadier-general rank and above wear red and gold gorget patches.
### Italy
Since the late nineteenth century the Italian Army has made extensive use of coloured collar patches to distinguish branches of service such as the artillery, infantry brigades and individual cavalry regiments. In 1902 each line infantry brigade (comprising two regiments) was distinguished by large collar patches of a distinctive colour or combination of colours. The universal silver \"active service\" star was attached at the front of each patch.
There are also distinctive collar patches for the San Marco Regiment (Navy), the Guardia di Finanza, the Carabinieri and the civilian police corps.
### Jordan
In Jordan red collar patches symbolize the highest ranks of officers.
### Nepal
Gorget patches are worn by senior officers of the Nepalese Army, Nepal Police and Armed Police Force Nepal. Gorget patches are called \"Collar Docks\" in the Nepal Police.
### New Zealand {#new_zealand}
The New Zealand Defence Force has collar patches for senior officers on the Commonwealth model.
- New Zealand Governor General (if a civilian)-Jet Black with gold oak leaves
- All other Corps-Post Office Red
- Royal New Zealand Army Chaplains Department-Purple
- Royal New Zealand Army Medical Corps-Ruby
- Royal New Zealand Dental Corps-Emerald Green
- New Zealand Army Legal Services-Maroon
- New Zealand Army Pay Corps-Indian Yellow
### North Korea {#north_korea}
In North Korea gorget patches are used to denote a military rank.
### Oman
In Oman black collar patches distinguish the most senior ranks of officers.
### Pakistan
In Pakistan, collar patches are worn by senior officers and staff officers on the basis of their rank. A collar patch signifies that an officer is either a staff officer (Colonel) or a General Officer (Brigadier General or above).
When wearing non-combat standard uniform or service dress, Staff Officers (Colonel) in the Pakistan Army wear collar patches of crimson color with straight golden stripes and General officers wear collar patches of crimson color with golden braid.
When wearing combat uniform (CCD), the collar patches of junior officers (Lieutenant Colonel and below) carry the insignia of serving arms. Staff officers (Colonel) have no collar patch and General officers (Brigadier General and above) wear the corresponding number of stars that their rank carries on the collar.
### Romania
Historically coloured gorget patches of a distinctive \"arrow head\" pattern were used in the Romanian army to distinguish regiments and branches. They survive to a limited extent in the collar braiding of modern ceremonial uniforms.
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# Gorget patches
## Countries
### Russia
In the Russian Empire collar patches of red, blue, white and green distinguished each infantry regiment within a given division. Cavalry and other branches had a variety of collar patches.
In the USSR in 1924-1943 they served as the primary insignia of military ranks. The rank system changed several times, and collar patches were different in 1924--1935, 1935--1940 and 1940--1943 systems. When the shoulder straps were restored in 1943, collar tabs remained as an insignia of the branch and the arm of service. Since 1932 they were also used as an insignia in some civil services.
The state of affairs is the same in the modern Russian Federation.
### Somalia
In Somalia, only officers above the rank of Second Lieutenant (or Ensign) wear gorget patches, the Army wears red patches, the Navy wear black patches, the Air Force wear navy blue patches, the Police wear royal blue patches and the Custodial Corps wear green patches. Upon reaching the rank of Brigadier General or Commodore Admiral, the patches then will have a golden ornate pattern on them.
### Sri Lanka {#sri_lanka}
General officers and senior officers of the ranks of brigadier and colonel in the Sri Lanka Army wear gold-on-red gorget patches according to their rank; air force officers of similar rank wear white-on-blue gorget patches. Senior gazetted officers in the Sri Lanka Police ranks wear gorget patches of gold-on-black and silver-on-black. Officer cadets in the Army, Navy and the Air Force also wear patches. The Sri Lanka Army followed the British Army pattern for the gorget patches of its general officer and senior officers of the ranks of brigadier and colonel. In the late 2000s, the practice was changed by Field Marshal Sarath Fonseka, who adopted the Indian Army pattern, with gold/silver stars (number of stars denoting the rank) on scarlet background; worn on Dress No 2A, 4, 5, 5A, 6, 6A, 6B, 7 and 8. Officers of the rank of field marshal, general and the commander of the army would have an oak leaf chain of two oak leaves in gold colour. The traditional British pattern was retained for Dress No1, No 3 and 3A. For the officers of the Sri Lanka Army Medical Corps the background will be in maroon.
### Sweden
In Swedish Army gorget patches on the combat uniform denote a branch of service and rank.
### Switzerland
In the Swiss army collar patches denote the rank and the arm of service.
### Syria
In Syria red collar patches symbolize the highest ranks of officers.
### Ukraine
In the Soviet Ukraine colored collar patches (though without gorgets) were used, as in other parts of the USSR.
Historically Ukrainian national units during the period 1918-1920 and again 1941-45 wore collar patches resembling the gorget patches of other armies. These included the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen, the Ukrainian People\'s Army, the Sich Riflemen, and the Ukrainian Galician Army.
### United Kingdom {#united_kingdom}
General officers and senior staff officers of the British Army wear gorget patches according to their branch or arm of service; their counterpart police ranks wear similar gorget patches of silver-on-black (gold-on-black in the City of London Police). Officer cadets in the Merchant Navy, Army and the Royal Air Force also wear patches.
Introduced for British Army staff officers in India in 1887, the patches subsequently proliferated. Different colours were introduced to indicate the branch of service and by 1940 one finds:
- bright blue (engineers)
- dark blue (ordnance)
- pale blue (education)
- scarlet (general staff duties)
- cherry (medical)
- maroon (veterinary)
- purple (chaplains)
- green (dental)
- yellow (accountants)
During World War I all staff officers from second lieutenants upwards wore gorget patches and hatbands of these colours, making them conspicuous in the trenches and leading to the nickname of \"the gilded staff\". From 1921 coloured collar patches were restricted to full colonels on the staff and above
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# The Oaks (Thousand Oaks, California)
**The Oaks** is a two-level indoor/outdoor, regional shopping mall located in Thousand Oaks, California. Accessible from US Highway 101 (the Ventura Freeway) midway between downtown Los Angeles and Santa Barbara, it is the largest shopping center in Ventura County. Over five million visit the mall each year. The mall features JCPenney, Macy\'s, Macy\'s Men\'s and Home Store, Nordstrom, in addition to a 14-screen dine-in AMC Theatre.
## History
The mall opened in 1978 and was renovated in 1993. Macerich acquired the mall in 2002.`{{Cite news |last=Mason |first=Dave |date=December 12, 2024 |title=The Oaks shopping center in Thousand Oaks sold to Stockdale Capital Partners for $157M |url=https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/2024/12/12/the-oaks-mall-thousand-oaks-sold-stockdale-capital-partners/76951247007/ |access-date=2024-12-14 |newspaper=Ventura County Star |language=en-US}}`{=mediawiki}
Starting in February 2007, the center underwent an extensive upgrade including interior finishes, restrooms, entrance canopies and skylights to reflect a modern Spanish and Santa Barbara-influenced design. The expansion to 1300000 sqft, demolished the then-vacated May Company building with a Muvico 14-screen stadium seat theater and Bogarts, a full-service restaurant, built in its place. Additional features include a 10-unit Spanish Dining Hall and amenities like family restrooms with granite, stacked flagstone and limestone tile. Centered on the theatre are four sit-down restaurants: Lazy Dog Cafe and Red Robin, which are both connected to a 112330 sqft retail expansion in an outdoor environment, while Olive Garden is located across the parking lot. The Cheesecake Factory is located inside the Shopping Center. Stockdale Capital Partners, a real estate investment firm, purchased the mall in late 2024.`{{r|VCS 2024/12/12}}`{=mediawiki}
## Description
It has featured several fashion shows highlighting the latest fashion in the retail stores. The shows were produced by Marilyn Shore Studios.
The Oaks Shopping center also offers a variety of activities for all holidays such as photos with Santa for Christmas, photos with the Easter bunny in April, and handing out candy on Halloween.
The annual ArtWalk presented by Conejo Valley Art Museum takes place at The Oaks. It features arts, designer crafts, outdoor exhibitions and live music.
It is anchored by:
- AMC Theatres Dine-In Thousand Oaks 14 (106,000+ sq ft) (formerly May Co, Robinsons-May East, Carmike Cinemas, and Muvico Theaters)
- J. C. Penney (148,165 sq ft.)
- Macy\'s / Women / Children\'s (127,410 sq ft.) (formerly J.W. Robinson\'s and Robinsons-May West)
- Macy\'s / Men\'s / Home (144,000 sq ft.) (formerly Bullock\'s)
- Nordstrom (138,000 sq ft.) (formerly The Broadway, Macy\'s Women / Children\'s (*original location*))
## Salto Ranch landmarks {#salto_ranch_landmarks}
Several trees planted by Richard Orville Hunt at the 19th century Salto Ranch can be seen at the intersection of Lynn Road and Hillcrest Drive. Hunt Olive Tree, which is located at 600 W. Hillcrest Dr., is designated Ventura County Historical Landmark No. 64 and City of Thousand Oaks Landmark No. 4. It is the last olive tree once part of an orchard planted by Hunt. Large eucalyptus trees planted by the Hunt family in the 1880s can be seen across the street, on the northwest corner of Lynn Road and Hillcrest Drive. The Hunt family originally moved to a house at today\'s corner of Lynn Road and Hillcrest Drive in 1888
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# Apicoplast
An **apicoplast** is a derived non-photosynthetic plastid found in most Apicomplexa, including *Toxoplasma gondii*, and *Plasmodium falciparum* and other *Plasmodium* spp. (parasites causing malaria), but not in others such as *Cryptosporidium*. It originated from algae through secondary endosymbiosis; there is debate as to whether this was a green or red alga. The apicoplast is surrounded by four membranes within the outermost part of the endomembrane system. The apicoplast hosts important metabolic pathways like fatty acid synthesis, isoprenoid precursor synthesis and parts of the heme biosynthetic pathway.
## Significance
Apicoplasts are a relict, nonphotosynthetic plastid found in most protozoan parasites belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa. Among the most infamous apicomplexan parasites is *Plasmodium falciparum*, a causative agent of severe malaria. Because apicoplasts are vital to parasite survival, they provide an enticing target for antimalarial drugs. Specifically, apicoplasts\' plant-like properties provide a target for herbicidal drugs. And, with the emergence of malarial strains resistant to current treatments it is paramount that novel therapies, like herbicides, are explored and understood. Furthermore, herbicides may be able to specifically target the parasite\'s plant-like apicoplast without any noticeable effect on the mammalian host\'s cells.
## Evolutionary origin {#evolutionary_origin}
Evidence suggests that the apicoplast is a product of secondary endosymbiosis, and that the apicoplast may be homologous to the secondary plastid of the closely related dinoflagellate algae. An ancient cyanobacterium was first engulfed by a eukaryotic cell but was not digested. The bacterium escaped being digested because it formed a symbiotic relationship with the host eukaryotic cell; both the eukaryote and the bacterium mutually benefited from their novel shared existence. The result of the primary endosymbiosis was a photosynthetic eukaryotic alga. A descendant of this eukaryotic alga was then itself engulfed by a heterotrophic eukaryote with which it formed its own symbiotic relationship and was preserved as a plastid. The apicoplast evolved in its new role to preserve only those functions and genes necessary to beneficially contribute to the host-organelle relationship. The ancestral genome of more than 150 kb was reduced through deletions and rearrangements to its present 35 kb size. During the reorganization of the plastid the apicoplast lost its ability to photosynthesize. These losses of function are hypothesized to have occurred at an early evolutionary stage in order to have allowed sufficient time for the complete degradation of acknowledged photosynthetic relicts and the disappearance of a nucleomorph.
## Architecture and distribution {#architecture_and_distribution}
Most Apicomplexa contain a single ovoid shaped apicoplast that is found at the anterior of the invading parasitic cell. The apicoplast is situated in close proximity to the cell\'s nucleus and often closely associated with a mitochondrion. The small plastid, only 0.15--1.5 μm in diameter, is surrounded by four membranes. The two inner membranes are derived from the algal plastid membranes; the next membrane out is called the periplastid membrane and is derived from the algal plasma membrane; Finally the outermost membrane belongs to the host endomembrane system. Within the apicoplast\'s stroma is a 35 kb long circular DNA strand that codes for approximately 30 proteins, tRNAs and some RNAs. Particles suspected to be bacterial ribosomes are present. The plastid, at least in the Plasmodium species, also contains \"tubular whorls\" of membrane that bear a striking resemblance to the thylakoids of their chloroplast relatives. The import of proteins into the apicoplast through the four membranes occurs through translocation complexes that originate from the algal plastid (for example:) or from a duplication of the endoplasmic-reticulum-associated protein degradation (for example:).
## Function
The apicoplast is a vital organelle to the parasite\'s survival. Tetracycline, an antibiotic also used to combat malaria infections, is thought to function by targeting the apicoplast. It hosts four main metabolic pathways:
### Fatty acid synthesis {#fatty_acid_synthesis}
The destruction of the apicoplast does not immediately kill the parasite but instead prevents it from invading new host cells. This observation suggests that the apicoplast may be involved in lipid metabolism. If unable to synthesize sufficient fatty acids, the parasite is unable to form the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) that is imperative to a successful invasion of host cells. This conclusion is supported by the discovery of type II fatty acid synthase (FAS) machinery in the apicoplast.
### Isoprenoid synthesis {#isoprenoid_synthesis}
The apicoplast is also thought to have a role in isoprenoid synthesis, which are prosthetic groups on many enzymes and also act as precursors to ubiquinones (involved in electron transport) and dolichols (involved in glycoprotein formation). The apicoplast contains the 2-*C*-Methyl-`{{small|D}}`{=mediawiki}-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP)/1-deoxy-`{{small|D}}`{=mediawiki}-xylulose-5-phosphate (DOXP) pathway for isoprenoid precursor synthesis and is the sole site for such synthesis in the *Plasmodium* cell.
### Heme synthesis {#heme_synthesis}
The apicoplast has also been implicated with heme synthesis and amino acid synthesis. It is also suggested to have a role in cell development. These functions, however, are merely postulations and are not yet conclusively supported by experimentation.
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# Apicoplast
## Function
### Iron-sulphur cluster synthesis {#iron_sulphur_cluster_synthesis}
Various iron-sulphur cluster biosynthetic enzymes including SufB or Orf470 have been identified in the apicoplast genome
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# United States House Education Subcommittee on Workforce Protections
The **House Subcommittee on Workforce Protections** is a standing subcommittee within the United States House Committee on Education and Labor.
## Jurisdiction
The Subcommittee\'s jurisdiction includes:
- Wages and hours of workers, including but not limited to the Davis-Bacon Act, the Walsh-Healey Act, the McNamara--O\'Hara Service Contract Act, and the Fair Labor Standards Act
- Workers' compensation, including but not limited to the Federal Employees\' Compensation Act, the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act, and the Black Lung Benefits Act
- The Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act
- The Family and Medical Leave Act
- The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act
- The Employee Polygraph Protection Act of 1988
- Trade, international labor rights, and immigration issues as they affect employers and workers; and workers' safety and health, including but not limited to occupational safety and health, mine safety and health, and migrant and agricultural worker safety and health.
## Members, 119th Congress {#members_119th_congress}
+-------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| Majority | Minority |
+===========================================+=============================================+
| valign=top \| | valign=top \| |
| | |
| - Ryan Mackenzie, Pennsylvania, *Chair* | - Ilhan Omar, Minnesota, *Ranking Member* |
| - Mark Messmer, Indiana, *Vice Chair* | - Haley Stevens, Michigan |
| - Glenn Grothman, Wisconsin | - Greg Casar, Texas |
| - Elise Stefanik, New York | - Mark Takano, California |
| - James Comer, Kentucky | |
| - Mary Miller, Illinois | |
+-------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| *Ex officio* | |
+-------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| valign=top\| | valign=top \| |
| | |
| - Tim Walberg, Michigan | - Bobby Scott, Virginia |
+-------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
## Historical membership rosters {#historical_membership_rosters}
### 115th Congress {#th_congress}
+----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| Majority | Minority |
+========================================+===============================================+
| valign=top \| | valign=top \| |
| | |
| - Bradley Byrne, Alabama, *Chairman* | - Mark Takano, California, *Ranking Member* |
| - Joe Wilson, South Carolina | - Raúl Grijalva, Arizona |
| - Duncan D
| 331 |
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# Aspartic protease
**Aspartic proteases** (also \"aspartyl proteases\", \"aspartic endopeptidases\") are a catalytic type of protease enzymes that use an activated water molecule bound to one or more aspartate residues for catalysis of their peptide substrates. In general, they have two highly conserved aspartates in the active site and are optimally active at acidic pH. Nearly all known aspartyl proteases are inhibited by pepstatin.
Aspartic endopeptidases `{{EC number|3.4.23.}}`{=mediawiki} of vertebrate, fungal and retroviral origin have been characterised. More recently, aspartic endopeptidases associated with the processing of bacterial type 4 prepilin and archaean preflagellin have been described.
Eukaryotic aspartic proteases include pepsins, cathepsins, and renins. They have a two-domain structure, arising from ancestral duplication. Retroviral and retrotransposon proteases (retroviral aspartyl proteases) are much smaller and appear to be homologous to a single domain of the eukaryotic aspartyl proteases. Each domain contributes a catalytic Asp residue, with an extended active site cleft localized between the two lobes of the molecule. One lobe has probably evolved from the other through a gene duplication event in the distant past. In modern-day enzymes, although the three-dimensional structures are very similar, the amino acid sequences are more divergent, except for the catalytic site motif, which is very conserved. The presence and position of disulfide bridges are other conserved features of aspartic peptidases.
## Catalytic mechanism {#catalytic_mechanism}
Aspartyl proteases are a highly specific family of proteases -- they tend to cleave dipeptide bonds that have hydrophobic residues as well as a beta-methylene group. Unlike serine or cysteine proteases these proteases do not form a covalent intermediate during cleavage. Proteolysis therefore occurs in a single step.
While a number of different mechanisms for aspartyl proteases have been proposed, the most widely accepted is a general acid-base mechanism involving coordination of a water molecule between the two highly conserved aspartate residues. One aspartate activates the water by abstracting a proton, enabling the water to perform a nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon of the substrate scissile bond, generating a tetrahedral oxyanion intermediate stabilized by hydrogen-bonding with the second aspartic acid. Rearrangement of this intermediate leads to protonation of the scissile amide which results in the splitting of the substrate peptide into two product peptides.
## Inhibition
Pepstatin is an inhibitor of aspartate proteases.
## Classification
Five superfamilies (clans) of aspartic proteases are known, each representing an independent evolution of the same active site and mechanisms. Each superfamily contains several families with similar sequences. The MEROPS classification systematic names these clans alphabetically.
- Clan AA (e.g. Pepsin family)
- Clan AC (e.g. Signal peptidase II family)
- Clan AD (e.g. Presenilin family)
- Clan AE (e.g. GPR endopeptidase family)
- Clan AF (e.g. Omptin family)
## Propeptide
Many eukaryotic aspartic endopeptidases (MEROPS peptidase family A1) are synthesised with signal and propeptides. The animal pepsin-like endopeptidase propeptides form a distinct family of propeptides, which contain a conserved motif approximately 30 residues long. In pepsinogen A, the first 11 residues of the mature pepsin sequence are displaced by residues of the propeptide. The propeptide contains two helices that block the active site cleft, in particular the conserved Asp11 residue, in pepsin, hydrogen bonds to a conserved Arg residue in the propeptide. This hydrogen bond stabilises the propeptide conformation and is probably responsible for triggering the conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin under acidic conditions
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# French angelfish
***Pomacanthus paru***, also known by its common name the **French angelfish**, is a slow growing coral reef fish from the Caribbean. The species is of the family Pomacanthidae, which contains other species of marine angelfish. Its closest relative is the grey angelfish (*P. arcuatus*).
## Taxonomy
The French angelfish was first formally described as *Chaetodon paru* by the German physician and naturalist Marcus Elieser Bloch (1723--1799) with the type locality given as Brazil and Jamaica. The species is placed by some authorities in the subgenus *Pomacanthus*,. The specific name of this species, *paru* is the Portuguese name for this species.
## Description
The French angelfish has a deep but vertically compressed body, making it appear flattened from the front. The head is deep, with a short snout that ends in a small mouth containing numerous bristle-like teeth. There is an obvious spine at the corner of the preoperculum while there are no spines on the operculum or under the eye. The dorsal fin contains 10 spines and 29--31 soft rays while the anal fin contains 3 spines and 22--24 soft rays. This species attains a maximum total length of 41.1 cm. Males grow to around 18in (45cm), while females reach a slightly smaller size.
Both males and females have a black or dark gray body that contrasts with the bright yellow tips of their scales on most of their body. They have a white mouth and a yellow orbit. The pectoral fins have a wide orange-yellow band and the dorsal fin has a long yellow filamentous extension growing from its soft-rayed part. Juvenile French angelfish have different markings from adults. Juveniles are almost completely black apart from five vertical yellow bands, that run down the entire height of their body, the first around the mouth and the last at the caudal peduncle.
## Distribution
French angelfish can be found in the western Atlantic from Florida to the Gulf of Mexico and down towards Brazil and the Caribbean, including the Antilles, Roatan, and the eastern Atlantic from around Ascension Island and St. Paul\'s Rocks. These fish can be seen in water depths above about 15ft, or about 4.5m, and they have also been reported at depths within the mesophotic zone, which is between 30m and 150m, or about 100ft - 500ft.
## Feeding
French angelfish live in and around coral reefs and rocky shores. As adults, these fish primarily feed on sponges with around 70% of their diet consisting of sponges. The comb-like teeth of adults help to grind up pieces of sponges. In contrast, juvenile French angelfish feed by consuming ectoparasites on larger fishes. As a result, juveniles spend a huge portion of their time at or near their cleaning stations.
As juvenile French angelfish grow in size, they become more generalist when it comes to species of sponge they eat, eating around twelve to fifteen sponge species, which is similar to their adult diet. This shows there is a direct relationship between the size of the juvenile and how much sponges contribute to their diet, with large juveniles eating more sponges than smaller juveniles.
### Juvenile cleaning stations {#juvenile_cleaning_stations}
Like juveniles of some other angelfish species, juvenile French angelfish are well documented cleaner fish; many larger fish species allow or implore them to approach to feed on ectoparasites, mucus, dead tissue, and other undesirable particles.
In the Caribbean, certain patches of the ocean floor may be used by young green sea turtles as \"cleaning stations\". At such cleaning stations, multiple species of cleaner fish of varying families coexist and provide cleaning services to the turtles as well other fish that seek cleaning services. At these stations, juvenile *P. paru* primarily clean the sea turtles\' heads, carapace, and plastron.
## Biology
French angelfish are common on rocky and coral reefs where it is normally encountered in pairs, frequently in the vicinity of sea fans. Its diet comprises sponges, algae, bryozoans, zoantharians, gorgonians, hydroids, coral and tunicates. These pairs are highly territorial, and typically both vigorously defending their territory from their neighbours. Juveniles act as cleaner fish and establish cleaning stations. Species recorded as being clients of juvenile French angelfish, include jacks, snappers, morays, grunts, surgeonfishes and wrasses. These fish are active during the daylight hours, but seek shelter in their designated hiding spot where they return every night. They can produce a knocking sound when alarmed.
In many fish species, the age of an individual can be estimated by analyzing its otoliths. In French angelfish, an opaque band forms on the *sagittae* otolith with every year of growth. A 2016 study of French angelfish otoliths found that the oldest specimen in the study was 27 years old.
### Parasites
In a captive specimen in Georgia, researchers found endoparasites (parasites that live within the host body) of the genus *Enterogyrus* on its foregut wall. The way in which these parasites attach themselves to their host was unusual, as the parasites attached themselves perpendicularly to the folds in the foregut.
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# French angelfish
## Reproduction
In French angelfish, there are no obvious courtship displays or clear sexual dimorphism between the sexes. The species forms monogamous pairs, unlike its closest relative, the grey angelfish, which mates in polygamous groups.
Little is known about the mating patterns of *P. paru*, with it rarely being observed. From what has been observed, the fish, in mating pairs, would swim up the water column, with one in front and one directly behind the other.
This reproductive mating behavior has only ever been reported to occur right around sunset, or dusk. At dusk, the pair swim upwards in a wide, shallow curve from the substrate, travelling around 7 to 10 m horizontally as they climb to a 2 or. As they ascend, both angle their bodies slightly, with their vents very close together, even touching. They hold this posture throughout the zenith of their curve separating as they descend. Neighbouring pairs were observed undertaking similar movements above the reef at roughly the same time. The observers were unable to ascertain if gametes were released in these displays. Neighbouring pairs were not seen interfering with these displays. This species is a protogynous hermaphrodite; the female can change sex to become a male if no male is present.
Although French angelfish are sympatric with the closely related grey angelfish, the two species have never been observed to produce hybrid offspring in nature, or even forming mixed groups or pairs. Conversely, grey angelfish may aggressively chase French angelfish. It is hypothesized that this is due to behavioural incompatibility; during agonistic approaches by conspecifics, grey angelfish respond by grouping with them, while French angelfish either continue their aggression or flee.
However, the viability of a hybrid cross between French and grey angelfish has been proven within a laboratory setting; by artificially extracting and mixing gametes, such hybrids were produced in 1976. It was discovered that the juveniles of the resulting artificial hybrids were not clearly distinguishable from juvenile grey angelfish, and as such if natural hybrids did exist, they would not be easy to identify at least as juveniles.
## Conservation
According to the IUCN red list of endangered animal species, the French angelfish is currently listed as least concern. However, it is very possible that in the coming years this fish species moves from least concern to near threatened or even vulnerable. This is in large part due to the marine pet trade, also known as the marine ornamental trade. In Brazil alone, the French angelfish is the fifth most exported in the Brazilian fish trade. In addition, French angelfish are also caught as bycatch.
The longevity of large-bodied pomacanthids, their slow growth, their late sexual maturity, along with heavy exploitation of them from the aquarium trade, puts French angelfish and related species at risk of becoming more endangered from human impacts, as the slow rate by which these fish reproduce means they cannot quickly replenish their population.
## Importance to humans {#importance_to_humans}
The French angelfish is common in the aquarium trade, collection and export to the United States and European markets being common in Brazil. It has been bred in captivity. It is harvested for food, its flesh being considered highly palatable, although it has been reported to be a source of ciguatera poisoning in humans
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# Lab website
A **lab(s) website** is a specific type of website most commonly dedicated to research and development programs.
Relating to the classic scientific research environment - the laboratory - existing lab websites predominantly fall into two categories, the real-world and the virtual.
## Real-world laboratory websites {#real_world_laboratory_websites}
Real-world lab sites relate to the activities and research conducted by laboratories existing outside the Internet. In general, these sites tend to offer users a chance to see results of past research, rather than detailed views of contemporary research.
Examples of these types of labs from the aviation world include Boeing's Phantom Works, which covers the research arm of the Boeing Corporation, and Lockheed Martin\'s Advanced Development Program, aka Skunk Works.
## Virtual laboratory websites {#virtual_laboratory_websites}
A number of companies and institutions have created virtual lab websites specifically for research into Internet-based products.
This research environment is seen as both podium and a playpen for Internet-borne companies. In many cases, the labs offer visitors a chance to learn more about the company\'s products currently in development and to try the work in progress.
One of the best-known examples is Google Labs. Since its inception, Google Labs has resulted in the trial and launch of live products such as Gmail, Google Calendar, and Google Videos.
Similar examples from large web-based companies include Yahoo! Next and Microsoft Live Labs.
One recent notable addition is Digg Labs, illustrating the Digg social bookmarking community\'s activities in near real-time. The labs are composed of the swarm and the stack activity displays.
Mozilla has added a lab area to its product offering.
Virtual laboratories are not the sole domain of companies and institutions. Some are created by individuals and exist solely as websites.
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# Lab website
## Media labs {#media_labs}
Traditional print and broadcast media companies have also begun to experiment with dedicating specific areas on their websites to advanced projects. One of the first companies credited with creating its own lab area was Reuters. When founded, the Reuters lab offered a limited number of products for visitors to experiment with, including the news and quotes widget and their mobile service.
The BBC has created a derivation on the lab idea with their BBC Backstage site. Backstage\'s slogan \"Use our stuff to build your stuff\" openly invites developers to use the BBC\'s various feeds and API\'s to power a new range of non-commercial products and services. The backstage site has allowed the BBC to create a developer network, a location for all those working with the BBC\'s content to come together and share their ideas and prototypes amongst their peers. The site also contains a blog.
*The Guardian* newspaper in the UK has taken the idea of a lab to the next level with its Comment is free product. Created by Ben Hammersley, Comment is Free was made as a fully interactive extension to the Guardian Unlimited's blogging system.
The site contains the political and opinion material from both *The Guardian* and its sister paper *The Observer*, as well as work from over 600 separate subject-based experts, selected to write on their topics of knowledge. Users are encouraged to read and comment, and all posts are automatically linked to Technorati to return contextual blogosphere results.
In November 2006, NEWS.com.au, the breaking news section of News Digital Media launched News Lab, the first media-driven R&D website within News Corporation (N.B. News Corp also operates FIM Lab but this is currently without a website). The site aims to collect users\' feedback on new products and amend them accordingly.
## Monitoring experimentation {#monitoring_experimentation}
While some media companies choose to create their own experimental areas, others create dedicated areas to document the efforts of others. *The Washington Post*\'s blog section, referred to as the Mashington Post records the efforts of Internet users\' experimentation with combinations of pre-existing data, referred to as mashups
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# Ohio State Route 690
**State Route 690** (**SR 690**) is a north--south state highway in southeastern Ohio, a U.S. state. The southern terminus of SR 690 is at the concurrency of US 50 and SR 32 about 6+1/2 mi east of Athens in the community of Canaanville. Its northern terminus is at SR 550 approximately 2 mi west of Amesville.
This two-lane state highway was established in the late 1930s. Running entirely within Athens County, SR 690 passes through Wayne National Forest and serves as a quicker route connecting SR 550 to the Athens Bypass.
## Route description {#route_description}
SR 690 runs exclusively within Athens County. This state highway is not included as a part of the National Highway System, a network of highways deemed to be most important for the economy, mobility and defense of the nation.
## History
SR 690 was designated in 1937 along the routing that it occupies to this day. Originally in Canaanville, the route\'s southern terminus was located slightly west of where it is currently located along US 50. By 1997, the route was moved to its current alignment and part of its former alignment has been retained as a state highway as the 0.34 mi **SR 690-J**. Other than the aforementioned realignment and the fact that the highway intersecting the route at its northern terminus was originally designated as US 50 Alternate before later becoming SR 550, the highway has not experienced any major changes to its routing since it first appeared
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# Sallows
**Sallows** is a fell in the English Lake District, rising between the valleys of Kentmere and Troutbeck. It is the highest point in the upland area to the south of Garburn Pass, variously termed Kentmere Park and Applethwaite Common on Ordnance Survey maps.
## Topography
Sallows and its sister fell Sour Howes together form a horse-shoe shaped mass, with the opening to the south east. This is the catchment of Park Beck, a tributary of the River Kent. Sallows lies to the north of the beck and connects around the head of the little valley via the ridge of Moor Head. The southern flank of Sallows, above Park Beck, is smooth and grassy, other than for the remains of a quarry. The access track to these workings is still in existence, providing the easiest access from the east.
The eastern end of Sallows falls in long easy slopes for half a mile toward the Kent valley, although there are a couple of low crags, particularly on Scour Rigg. The high ground then turns southerly at the subsidiary top at Mould Rigg (1150 ft), finally petering out at the confluence of Park Beck and the Kent. The slopes above the Kent are steep and predominantly covered in broadleaved plantations.
Below these trees the river broadens into the oddly shaped Kentmere Tarn. A natural waterbody was drained in the 1830s to extend the available farmland, but the scheme failed and merely resulted in an area of marsh. It was later found that the tarnbed was rich in diatomite, a mineral used to produce thermal insulation. Extraction began in the 1930s and continued until 1971, producing the lines of the present man-made tarn.
To the north of Sallows is Garburn Pass (Restricted Byway), the original route for pedestrian and horse-borne trade between Troutbeck and Kentmere. Whilst designated as a bridleway between 2006 and 2009, the road had seen considerable use from off-road vehicles, an activity causing controversy between drivers and walkers such that it was converted into a restricted byway. From the pass summit at Garburn Nook (1466 ft), the land rises northwards up a broad ridge to Yoke and Ill Bell.
## Summit
The summit of Sallows is covered in grass and heather, the highest point occupied by a curving ridge of shale about thirty feet long. This in turn carries a small cairn. There is a good view westwards to the Scafell and Coniston Old Man groups, with distant sightings from Black Combe to the Pennines.
## Ascents
In addition to climbs from Kentmere or Ings via the quarry track, Sallows is easily reached from the summit of Garburn Pass. A narrow path also leads around Moor Head to Sour Howes, allowing a circuit of Park Beck to be made
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# Clonard, County Meath
Clonard}} `{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Use Hiberno-English|date=July 2015}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Infobox settlement
|name = Clonard
|native_name = {{lang|ga|Cluain Ioraird}}
|native_name_lang = ga
|settlement_type = Village
|image_skyline = Clonard4460.jpg
|image_caption =
|pushpin_map = Ireland
|pushpin_label_position = right
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Ireland
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = Ireland
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Ireland|Province]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Leinster]]
|subdivision_type3 = [[Counties of Ireland|County]]
|subdivision_name3 = [[County Meath]]
|established_title =
|established_date =
|unit_pref = Metric
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 =
|population_as_of = [[2022 census of Ireland|2022]]
|population_footnotes = <ref name=cso2022>{{cite web | title = Census Mapping – Clonard | url = https://visual.cso.ie/?body=entity/ima/cop/2022&boundary=C04160V04929&guid=11b7e6a7-7fdd-47cf-9892-7431908ee5e0 | work = [[2022 census of Ireland|Census 2022]] | publisher = [[Central Statistics Office (Ireland)|Central Statistics Office]] | access-date = 14 December 2023}}</ref>
|population = 364
|population_density_km2 = auto
|timezone1 = [[West European Time|WET]]
|utc_offset1 = +0
|timezone1_DST = [[Irish Standard Time|IST]] ([[Western European Summer Time|WEST]])
|utc_offset1_DST = -1
|coordinates = {{coord|53.451820|-7.021877|dim:100000_region:IE|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m =
|blank_name = [[Irish grid reference system|Irish Grid Reference]]
|blank_info = <!-- {{iem4ibx|??????}} -->
|website =
|footnotes =
}}`{=mediawiki}
**Clonard** (`{{Irish place name|Cluain Ioraird|Iorard's meadow}}`{=mediawiki}) is a small village in County Meath, Ireland. It lies on the R148 regional road between the towns of Kinnegad and Enfield. This road was the main road between Dublin and Galway until the construction of the M4 motorway. It is still used by traffic avoiding the toll on the M4. Clonard is notable for being one of the earliest Christian sites in Ireland, being linked with the first Irish bishop Palladius c. 450 and as the location of a major early medieval monastery Clonard Abbey, founded in the 6th century by St. Finnian. The village is in a civil parish of the same name.
Around 1177, Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath, built a motte-and-bailey fortification at Clonard.
During the 1798 Rebellion on 11 July 1798 the Battle of Clonard took place at the Tyrrell fortified house (now in ruins) beside Leinster Bridge between around 2,000 United Irishmen and 27 British loyalists, the battle ended in a decisive British victory.
The village contains a Catholic church, a graveyard and a primary school.
It is served by Bus Éireann services to Dublin and West of Ireland
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# Mystery of the Necronomicon
is a hentai anime created by Abogato Powers and released in 2001.
## Plot
Private detective Satoshi Suzuhara and his adoptive daughter, Asuka Kashiwagi, are spending time at an isolated ski resort. But when a snowstorm cuts off all links to the outside, Satoshi becomes the main suspect in a string of gruesome murders being committed on the resort guests. It becomes a race against time as Satoshi must find out who is really behind the murders
| 82 |
Mystery of the Necronomicon
| 0 |
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# Reedville, Oregon
**Reedville** is an unincorporated community in Washington County, Oregon, United States, located between Hillsboro and Aloha. Oregon Route 8 (also known as the Tualatin Valley Highway) runs through the area. The community is served by the Hillsboro School District, with some portions of the area within the city limits of Hillsboro.
## History
Reedville was named for Simeon Gannett Reed, who was a member of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company, and a prominent figure in Columbia River transportation in 1859-1879. Reed and business partner William S. Ladd operated an 8000 acre plus hobby farm in the area where they raised livestock and held harness races. His property became the endowment of Reed College after the death of his wife Amanda Reed. Reedville post office was established in 1877 and ran until 1954.
In 2003, Hillsboro opened the Reedville Creek Park, which included the city's first skate park. By 2004, parts of the community had been annexed into Hillsboro, which led to readdressing of several streets from the county based street numbering to the Hillsboro-based numbering system.
In 2016, ground broke on a new subdivision called Reed\'s Crossing in South Hillsboro. It is located just south of the intersection of Oregon Route 8 and Cornelius Pass Road. A commercial center called Reed\'s Crossing Town Center and a 23 acre Reed\'s Crossing Greenway park are expected to be in the new subdivision.
## Sites of interest {#sites_of_interest}
- Harvey the Rabbit on Tualatin Valley Highway. This roadside attraction was named for the rabbit in the film *Harvey*.
- Reedville Creek Park on Cornelius Pass Road that includes Hillsboro\'s only skatepark as well as basketball courts, play equipment, and paths
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# Duško Gojković
**Duško Gojković** (`{{lang-sr-Cyrl|Душко Гојковић}}`{=mediawiki}; 14 October 1931 -- 5 April 2023) was a Serbian jazz trumpeter, composer, and arranger.
## Biography
Gojković was born on 14 October 1931, in Jajce, Bosnia and Herzegovina, at the time part of Kingdom of Yugoslavia. He studied at the Belgrade Music Academy from 1948 to 1953. He played trumpet in dixieland bands and joined the big band of Radio Belgrade when he was eighteen. He moved to West Germany and first recorded as a member of the Frankfurt Allstars in 1956. He spent the next four years as a member of Kurt Edelhagen\'s orchestra.
In these years, Gojković played with Chet Baker, Stan Getz, and Oscar Pettiford. In 1958, he performed at Newport Jazz Festival and drew attention on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. In 1961, Gojkovic received a scholarship to attend Berklee College of Music, where he studied with Herb Pomeroy.
In 1966, Gojković recorded in Cologne his album *Swinging Macedonia*, produced by Eckart Rahn. The album contained original compositions inspired by the music of the Balkans. In the following years, he performed with Miles Davis, Dizzy Gillespie, Gerry Mulligan, Sonny Rollins, Duke Jordan, and Slide Hampton. He worked with the Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland Big Band from 1968--1973.
In 1986, Gojković formed another orchestra. His next albums were *Soul Connection* (1994), *Bebop City*, *Balkan Blue* (1997), *In My Dreams* (2001), *Samba do Mar* (2003), and *Samba Tzigane* (2006). In 2004, he performed on the 200th anniversary of Serbian statehood. For the occasion he performed with an all-star big band. Two years later, Gojković celebrated his 75th birthday with a grand concert in Belgrade, the capital of the Republic of Serbia.
*The Brandenburg Concert -- Dusko Goykovich With Strings* came in 2013, showcasing Gojković performing live at Germany\'s Brandenburger Theatre, backed by the Brandenburg Orchestra. The same year, and recorded and titled to Duško Gojković & Big Band RTS featuring Martin Gjakonovski, *Latin Haze*, was released by PGP RTS in Serbia in 2014, while a year later it was issued in Germany on Enja with different cover and one track missing.
Gojković died in Munich on April 5, 2023, at the age of 91
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| 0 |
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# Georgian Heights
**Georgian Heights** is a neighborhood in West Columbus, in Columbus, Ohio, United States. It neighbors Holly Hill. The two are bounded together by Sullivant Avenue on the north, Clime Road on the south, Georgesville Road on the west, and Demorest Road on the east. There is a 10.7 acre public park, Georgian Heights Park, in the center of the area. Georgian Heights has a youth travel football team called the Georgian Heights Packers. The neighborhood is generally lower-middle class.
## Schools
Children from Georgian Heights attend Georgian Heights Elementary, Eakin Elementary, Stiles Elementary, and Prairie Norton Elementary. From there they go to Wedgewood Middle School or Norton Middle School, and then to Franklin Heights High School, Briggs High School, Central Crossing High School or West High School
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# Tom Owen (politician)
**Tom Owen** is a historian and Democratic politician in Louisville, Kentucky, former Metro Council President, and former councilman for District 8, a position he held from 2003 to 2017. Prior to that, he had served on the old Board of Aldermen from 1990 to 1998. He is a full professor at the University of Louisville, and has worked at the school since 1968. He holds a Ph.D. in American History from the University of Kentucky, a Bachelor of Divinity from Methodist Theological School in Ohio, and a Bachelor of Arts from Kentucky Wesleyan College. He and his wife, Phyllis, have a daughter, two sons and seven grandchildren.
He challenged eventual mayor David L. Armstrong in the 1998 Democratic mayoral primary.
Owen grew up in the Parkland neighborhood and lives in the Tyler Park area. He was once a practicing Methodist minister. He is a local historian and activist, particularly with causes related to alternative transportation, and is known for advocating and practicing use of the bicycle for transportation and commuting. He also leads historic tours of Louisville landmarks, called *Tom Owen\'s Louisville*
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# Zōshigaya Cemetery
thumb\|thumbtime=16\|Scenes inside the cemetery, 2023`{{nihongo|'''Zōshigaya Cemetery'''|雑司ヶ谷霊園|Zōshigaya Reien}}`{=mediawiki} is a public cemetery in Minami-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo, founded by the Tokyo Metropolitan government.
The cemetery is nonsectarian, and contains the graves of many famous people in its 10 ha area. It is maintained by the Tokyo Metropolitan Park Association.
## History
Zōshigaya Cemetery was founded by the local government of Tokyo Prefecture in 1874 as a public graveyard following the policy of the new government of the Meiji period, which prohibited burial in the central part of Tokyo. Cremation was prohibited in 1873 and nine sites were designated new public graveyards in 1874. The local government of Tokyo prefecture established six cemeteries including Zōshigaya. Its construction and administration works were entrusted to the Tokyo Chamber (the Tokyo Chamber of Commerce and Industry of today). In 1876, the administration of the cemetery were taken into care by the prefectural government, and then by the Tokyo Metropolitan Park Association in 1985.
The name of the cemetery at first was `{{nihongo|''Zōshigaya-Asahidechō-Bochi''|雑司ヶ谷旭出町墓地}}`{=mediawiki}; as *Zōshigaya-Asahidechō* was the name of the town in which it was located. It was changed to the current name of `{{nihongo|''Zōshigaya Reien''|雑司ヶ谷霊園}}`{=mediawiki} in 1935
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# Operation Minsk
**Operation Mińsk** was a military offensive of the Polish Army during the Polish--Soviet War. It resulted in the capture of Minsk from the Red Army around 8 August 1919. The victory allowed the Polish troops to advance further into Russian-controlled Lithuania and Belarus and thus to present the Bolsheviks with a military *fait accompli.* The main Polish attack was toward Maladzyechna, Minsk, and Polotsk along the railroad lines. On 6 August, the Polish Army took over Slutsk and Minsk was taken two days later. The Polish units fought under command of General Stanisław Szeptycki. Polish control over the railway lines prevented the Russians from bringing in reinforcements. By the end of August, the Polish forces had taken Barysaw and Babruysk.
The main military campaigns of the Polish--Soviet War took place in 1920.`{{r|Davies30}}`{=mediawiki}
## Background
In early 1919, the eastern front of the Directorate of Ukraine collapsed, and by spring, the Ukrainian war of independence had failed under attack from all sides, including by the White armies. In the summer of 1919, after the Polish successes in several skirmishes with the Soviet forces, both combatants were engaged on multiple fronts, were near the limits of their capability to wage war against each other and needed time to regroup and to concentrate their forces.
In June 1919, the Jewish 1st Guard Battalion from Minsk, at the insistence of its own members, was deployed by the Bolsheviks against the Polish Army, which included the 1st and 2nd Lithuanian--Belarusian Divisions.`{{r|Budnitskii}}`{=mediawiki} The Jews had won the first skirmish, which forced the Poles to retreat several kilometers.
## Battle
In July, the Polish High Command decided to strike one more blow against the Bolsheviks and to cripple the Russian Army\'s Western Division, headquartered in Minsk. The assault on the vital railway centre by the Polish Northern Group was led by General Stanisław Szeptycki, whose officers included Władysław Anders, Józef Adam Lasocki and Stefan Mokrzecki. Their forces were composed of 12,000 infantry, 2,000 cavalry and 40 guns. The Polish plan involved a wide pincer movement around the city of Minsk. The battle raged throughout the first week of August. The Soviet forces took heavy casualties and retreated. On 8 August 1919, the Polish troops took over Minsk.`{{r|Davies30}}`{=mediawiki}
## Aftermath
Perhaps as retribution for the actions of the Jewish regiments, the Polish troops killed 31 Jews suspected of supporting the Bolsheviks, beat and attacked many more, looted 377 Jewish-owned shops with the aid of the local civilians and ransacked many private homes.
The success of the Polish offensive allowed the Poles to move forward again. In late summer, Polish Commander-in-chief Józef Piłsudski had ordered his armies to stop their offensive, as he considered that all the territories that were important to Poland and could be taken before winter had been secured. Piłsudski also wanted to release the Soviet forces engaged on the Polish front so they could be used to fight the advancing Whites
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# Functional Requirements for Authority Data
**Functional Requirements for Authority Data** (**FRAD**), formerly known as **Functional Requirements for Authority Records** (**FRAR**), is a conceptual entity-relationship model developed by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) for relating the data that are recorded in library authority records to the needs of the users of those records and facilitate and sharing of that data.
The draft was presented in 2004 at the 70th IFLA General Conference and Council in Buenos Aires by Glenn Patton. It is an extension and expansion to the FRBR model, adding numerous entities and attributes.
The conceptual work and future implementations are aimed at supporting four tasks, frequently executed by users in a library context---either the library patrons (the first three tasks), or the librarians themselves (all four tasks):
- **Find**: Find an entity or set of entities corresponding to stated criteria;
- **Identify**: Identify an entity;
- **Contextualize**: Place a person, corporate body, work, etc. in context;
- **Justify**: Document the authority record creator\'s reason for choosing the name or form of name on which an access point is based.
Next to the development of FRAR, the Working Group on Functional Requirements and Numbering of Authority Records (FRANAR) is also charged to study the feasibility of an International Standard Authority Data Number (ISADN) and serve as the official IFLA liaison to and work with other interested groups concerning authority files
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# Oswald Durand
**Oswald Durand** (September 17, 1840`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}April 22, 1906) was a Haitian poet and politician, said to be \"to Haiti what Shakespeare is to England, and Dante to Italy.\" He was also a Haitian writer and poet of French and Creole expression, considered as the national poet of Haiti. Besides he was also judged as a Romantic poet and the most prolific one in the nineteen centuries. These 20th-century successors such as René Depestre, and Jacques Roumain congratulated Oswald Durand for his authentic expressions and honored him as a forerunner of Haitian indigenism. He was born in the northern part of Haiti, in the city of Saint-Louis du Nord. In 1842, both his parents died in the earthquake that devastated the city of Cape Haitian. Oswald Durand, and his sister, were welcomed by their maternal grandmother who raised them. He spent most of his childhood outside the city where he was born. Because of political instabilities in Haiti, he was forced to leave school and to educate himself without having recourse to a teacher.
His most famous works are *Choucoune*, a lyrical poem praising the beauty of a Haitian woman, and *Chant National*, a lyrical historic poem which became as popular as the presidential hymn.
Durand worked as a teacher before being elected to Congress in 1885. He was subsequently re-elected six times for this position. He founded or served as advisor, or writer for several newspapers and other publications.
## Career
In 1860, he became a teacher in an elementary school and in 1867 he held the post of director of a secondary school in the city of Gonaives. Before he turns out to be a Professor he already created his periodical. In 1868, he turns into the secretary of the council of ministers and after elected delegate in 1885. In 1888, he became president of the Chamber of Deputies, being a journalist he created his own newspaper called \"Bigailles\". Before his death, Oswald Durand managed to concretize one of his greatest dreams. He travels to France and is received with honor by the famous Jean Francois Coppe to the society of letters people. Oswald Durand was considered a national poet, he used to denounce social relations in his country. In his text *Poetry of Revolution* Amy Reinsel stated that \"In general, the poems in *Rires et Pleurs* illustrate the various reasons Durand was hailed as Haiti\'s national poet both during his lifetime and after his death\" (Reinsel 106). One of Oswald Durand ambition was to show the social relations of his country, the Haitian nature and the history of his country. The author uses themes such as love, earth, slavery and revolution in his text. Indeed, slavery in Haiti was cruel. Slaves were subjected to inhuman treatment. The slave was considered a moveable good. The rest of Sunday\'s day was not respected.`{{fact|date=January 2021}}`{=mediawiki}
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# Oswald Durand
## Career
### Patriotism
In *Epopee des Aïeux* he reveals himself as a patriot of the Haitian nation. In his text, he extols the exploits of our ancestors who fought to free the enslaved. He presents the history of his country as being the most wonderful of ancient stories with glorious facts. Lucmane Vieux in his article Poetry / Battle of Vertieres describes Oswald Durand \'s Epopee des Aieux. Lucmane Vieux presented a passage from Oswald Durand text and stated that: \"Dessalines, one leap, is in the West. His powerful heels do not spare anything. More whites, more colonists! The slaves of yesterday, the damned Africans, were then masters of Quisqueya the beautiful. Here Dessalines is clearly identified for his accomplishments in the West\" (Vieux). Jean-Jacques Dessalines was the one who continued the revolution after the death of Toussaint Louverture. He fought the powerful French army and proclaimed the independence of the country on January 1, 1804. He ordered the slaughter of all white Haitians and declared that Haiti was an all-black nation. It prohibited whites from acquiring land and property, per Jean-Jacques Dessalines.
Durand reveals as a patriot in his poem *Ces Allemands* where he describes the abuses of Germany to the Haitian government. Bob Lapierre in his book said this: \"Germans, dual Prussians we tossed the money, head up, with pride, just as we toss a bone to the dogs!\" (Lapierre 19). During the Luders affair, Haiti was forced to yield to German orders. They asked the Haitian government for a \$20000 ransom, a letter of apology, the return of the German who was exiled and an official ceremony should be organized in honor of the German charge affairs.
## Judicial Trouble {#judicial_trouble}
Besides the fact that Oswald Durand was a poet and a writer he also had problems with justice. In 1883, he went to jail because of his politic ideas. During his time in jail, he wrote his famous poem *Choucoune*. He disagreed with the government of the President Lysius Felicite Salomon and became a political refugee. During his judicial demises, he takes refuge in a foreign embassy in the city of Cap-Haitian. During his refuge, he wrote a recension of a poem title *Mon Ile Bien-Aimee*.
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# Oswald Durand
## Famous works {#famous_works}
In his text, *Choucoune* Oswald Durand extols the beauty of the Haitian woman. The author has created a work that went beyond the other works of his time. He had created a kind of metapoem. His *Choucoune* work took part in the world literature. His work has been appreciated by international readers. He used the Creole language in his text. He used rhymes from foreign models. In his text, *A Primer of Haitian Literature in Kreyol* George Lang tells us the type of rhymes that he used: \"Here too Kreyòl is subject to a European rhyme-scheme: ABABCCDD. As well, the irony that a Kreyòl-speaking object of desire (Kreyòl itself?) was stolen away by a French-speaker as recounted in a poem cast into a French verse form was likely not lost on readers of the time\" (Lang 132).
This text was also used by other people and later became very popular. Michel Mauleart Monton, a pianist of American origin, composed the music of the poem in 1893.`{{fact|date=January 2021}}`{=mediawiki} The music was performed for the first time in Port-au-Prince on May 14, 1893.`{{fact|date=January 2021}}`{=mediawiki} The same text *Choukoun* later becomes the lyric of a song. The lyric of this text for native English is known as yellow birds. The musical lyric was arranged in Calypso style. The lyric was performed by Harry Belafonte and Celia Cruz and was successful in the summer of 1961 when the band Arthur Lyman reached number 4 of Billboard Hot100 and number 2 of the brand new easy listening with its Hawaiian instrumental version.
Another important work of Oswald Durand is *Quand nos Aieux briserent leurs entraves* which becomes the national song and national anthem of Haiti from 1803 to 1904
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# Girth (album)
***Girth*** is Winters Bane\'s second album. It was released in 1997 as an independent recording. It was later re-released by DCA Recordings with the artist as *Kill Procedure*.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"C4\" - 2:48
2. \"Kill Procedure\" - 3:26
3. \"Away\" - 5:19
4. \"Color\" - 3:17
5. \"X-iled\" - 4:33
6. \"Alexandria\" - 4:04
7. \"Porcelain God\" - 4:10
8. \"Hunting Time\" - 3:02
9. \"Download\" - 3:41
10. \"Spells Death\" - 4:48
11. \"Dark Paradise\" - 3:22
## Credits
- Lou St
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# Blair Cherry
**Johnson Blair Cherry** (August 7, 1901 -- September 10, 1966) was an American football and baseball coach. He served as the head football coach at the University of Texas at Austin from 1947 to 1950, compiling a record of 32--10--1. His 1950 Texas Longhorns football team won the Southwest Conference (SWC) championship and appeared in the 1951 Cotton Bowl Classic, losing to Tennessee. Cherry was also the head baseball coach at Texas from 1943 to 1945, tallying a mark of 30--23 and winning SWC titles in 1943 and 1945. He attended Texas Christian University (TCU), where he starred football as an end and was captain of the 1923 TCU Horned Frogs football team. He also played baseball at TCU, as a center fielder. Cherry began his coaching career at the high school level in Texas, making stops at Ranger High School, North Side High School in Fort Worth, and Amarillo High School.
## Early life {#early_life}
Cherry was born in Kerens, Texas, on August 7, 1901. He played his high school ball at Weatherford High School and later attended Texas Christian University in Fort Worth in the early 1920s and was a three-sport star. Upon graduation in 1924, he had a brief professional baseball career but soon entered the coaching profession. In 1936, he married Florence Snodgrass of Amarillo, with whom he had two children.
## Coaching career {#coaching_career}
### High school {#high_school}
Cherry\'s first coaching position was at Ranger High School in Ranger, Texas, where he spent three seasons, from 1926 to 1928.
In 1929, Cherry coached for one season at North Side High School in Fort Worth.
In 1930, Cherry was named head football coach at Amarillo High School. He compiled a record of 84--5 losses, with 45 of those wins by shutout. The average score in these games was 30--5. Amarillo High became the second school in Texas to win three straight state championships, in 1934, 1935, and 1936 (first was the Paul Tyson-coached Waco High in 1925, 1926, and 1927), allowing the opponent teams only a combined 13 points in these three championship games.
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# Blair Cherry
## Coaching career {#coaching_career}
### University of Texas {#university_of_texas}
#### Football
Cherry was considered as a candidate for the head coach position at the University of Texas at Austin in 1937, but was passed over for the better-known Dana X. Bible. Bible offered Cherry a position as an assistant coach on his staff. Bible groomed Cherry to be his successor, and upon Bible\'s retirement in 1946, Cherry was appointed as head coach.
As head coach, Cherry switched the Longhorns\' offense from a single-wing formation to the now-popular T formation, and found instant success. With Bobby Layne at quarterback, Texas earned a 10--1 record in his first year, a final ranking of fifth, and a defeat of sixth-ranked Alabama in the 1948 Sugar Bowl.
In the 1948 season, his team compiled a 7--3--1 record and defeated eighth-ranked Georgia in the Orange Bowl. Following this season, Cherry was offered head coaching jobs by the Washington Redskins and Chicago Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL), but turned down these offers to remain the head coach at Texas.
In 1949, Cherry\'s Longhorns compiled a 6--4 record.
In 1950, the Longhorns won the Southwest Conference title with a 6--0 conference record, and earned a berth in the Cotton Bowl Classic, as well as a #3 final national ranking. Mid-season, Cherry announced that he would be retiring from coaching, and his last game was a 20--14 defeat at the hands of Tennessee in the 1951 Cotton Bowl Classic.
Cherry was suffering from ulcers and insomnia at the time of his retirement, and later hinted in the article \"Why I Quit Coaching\" that harsh criticism from fans and media, despite his 32--10--1 record and two top-five finishes, led to his decision to retire.
#### Baseball
Cherry also served as baseball coach from 1943 to 1945 during Bibb Falk\'s absence. His teams compiled a 30--23 overall record, but won two conference titles with a 22--4 conference mark in three seasons. No SWC title was awarded in 1944.
## Later life, death, and honors {#later_life_death_and_honors}
After retiring from coaching, Cherry moved to Lubbock, Texas, to enter the oil business, partnering with his brother, A. W. Cherry. He died on September 10, 1966, from a coronary occultation, three weeks after undergoing a kidney operation and then returning to the hospital with chest pains. Blair was buried at Llano Cemetery in Amarillo.
Cherry was inducted into the Texas Sports Hall of Fame shortly before his death in 1966 and posthumously inducted into the Longhorn Hall of Honor in 1968
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# Sports Performance eXtreme
**SPX** or **Sports Performance eXtreme**, was a footwear and sportswear brand in the late 1980s and early 1990s known for their distinctive sneakers. The brand experienced a brief revival in Asia in the early 2000s under new ownership.
## History
The company was founded in the 1980s by Clive King, a British businessman who had held a contract to distribute the Sergio Tacchini sportswear brand in the United Kingdom. Following the end of that contract in 1984, King began to look for another brand to distribute. This led him to discover Troop sneakers which he and a Dutch friend, Herman Gazan, managed to secure a contract to distribute in Europe. The venture was successful and King attempted to negotiate a contract to distribute the British Knights brand of sneakers as well. However, British Knight was not interested in a contract in which King continued to distribute Troop alongside British Knights. This led Knight to develop his own brand of sneakers which he called **SPX**.
The company logo was one of the most noticeable at the time, with a smaller SP sitting in front of a large red X, with a crown sitting above.
Following their success with footwear, the company subsequently expanded into apparel selling tracksuits which complemented its sneakers. The company entered receivership and shut down in the early 1990s.
In the late 1990s, the SPX trademarks were sold by the receiver to Bernie Pai, the company\'s former agent in Taiwan. In 2002, Pai relaunched the brand with a focus on the Asian market. The revived brand lasted only briefly.
## Product lines {#product_lines}
There were three designs that formed the main cornerstone of the brand in the late 80s, and they were all based around the popular basketball style trainer:
- Street Slam -- An over ankle high length boot
- Street Lo -- Low version, below ankle
- Street Diss -- Over Ankle high
- Diss Lo -- Lower version
- Freestyle -- High ankle version
These trainers played an important part of the \'Basketball trainers\' scene, along with Troop, British Knights, LA Gear amongst others
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# Web Science Trust
The **Web Science Trust** (**WST**) is a UK Charitable Trust with the aim of supporting the global development of Web science. It was originally started in 2006 as a joint effort between MIT and University of Southampton to formalise the social and technical aspects of the World Wide Web. The trust coordinates a set of international \"WSTNet Laboratories\" that include academic research groups in the emerging area of Web science.
It was first announced at MIT on 2 November 2006 as the **Web Science Research Initiative** (**WSRI**), changing its name in 2009 to the Web Science Trust. Tim Berners-Lee originally led this program, now run by a Board of Trustees, which aims to attract government and private funds to support their many activities. The Web Science Trust supports curriculum development in universities and research institutions to train future generations of Web Scientists. Given the similarities between Web Science and Information Science, Web Science overlaps with the interests of the ISchool movement, particularly in the United States, but focuses more specifically on the Web itself. The annual Web Science conference brings together participants from many fields including those studying both the social and the computational aspects of the World Wide Web.
Areas of interest include:
- Social networks
- Social machine
- Collaboration
- Understanding online community
- Analyzing the human interactions inherent in social media
- Web observatories
- Developing \"accountability\" and other mechanisms for enhancing privacy and trust on the Web.
## Key personnel {#key_personnel}
Directors/trustees
- Wendy Hall (managing director)
- Nigel Shadbolt
- James Hendler
- Noshir Contractor
- JP Rangaswami (chairman)
- George Metakides
- Steffen Staab
- Anni Rowland-Campbell
- Bill Thompson
Fellows
- Tim Berners-Lee (also Founding Director)
- Sir John Taylor
Patron
- Rennie Fritchie, Baroness Fritchie
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# Web Science Trust
## Conferences
The first Web Science conference (WebSci09: Society on Line) was sponsored in part by WSRI and was held in Greece in March 2009. The conference had over 300 registrants from a number of fields including computing, social science, law, economics, philosophy, psychology. The conference has since continued as a yearly event. The first fully virtual Web Science conference was held in July 2020 as a result of travel restrictions arising from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conference Date Place Keynote speakers registrants
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------ -------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------
[Web Science 2024](https://websci24.webscience.org/) 21-24 May 2024 Stuttgart-Vaihingen, Germany Eszter Hargittai, Jie Tang, Dirk Hovy, Hannes Werthner
[Web Science 2023](https://websci23.webscience.org/) April 30-May 1, 2023 Austin, Texas, USA Bob Metcalfe, Dhiraj Murthy, David Rand
[Web Science 2022](https://websci22.webscience.org/) 26-29 June 2022 Barcelona, Spain (Hybrid conference) Leila Zia, M.C. Schraefel
[Web Science 2021](https://websci21.webscience.org) 21-25 June 2021 Southampton, UK (Virtual conference) Deen Freelon, Martha Lane Fox
[Web Science 2020](https://websci20.webscience.org/) 7-10 July 2020 Southampton, UK (Virtual conference) Jim Hendler, Gina Neff
[Web Science 2019](http://websci19.webscience.org/) June 30 - July 3, 2019 Boston, USA Fabien Gandon, Sandra González-Bailón
[Web Science 2018](https://websci18.webscience.org/) 27-30 May 2018 , Amsterdam Tim Berners-Lee, John Domingue
[Web Science 2017](http://websci17.org/) 26--28 June 2017 Troy, NY, USA Steffen Staab, Jen Golbeck
[Web Science 2016](http://websci16.org/) 22--25 May 2016 Hannover, Germany Daniel Miller, Andrew Tomkins, Daniel Olmedilla, Ricardo Baeza-Yates, Jure Leskovec, Helen Margetts
[Web Science 2015](http://websci15.org/) 28 June--1 July 2015 Oxford, UK Markus Strohmaier, Mia Consalvo, Rachel Gibson
23--25 June 2014 Bloomington, Indiana, USA Wendy Hall, J.P. Rangaswami, Laura DeNardis, Daniel Tunkelang
[Web Science 2013](http://www.websci13.org/) 2--4 May 2013 Paris, France Vint Cerf, Cory Doctorow
\[<https://web.archive.org/web/20120902111510/http://www.websci12.org/>? Web Science 2012\] 22--24 June 2012 Evanston, Illinois, USA Luis von Ahn, Sinan Aral, danah boyd, Jon Kleinberg, Sonia Livingstone, Siva Vaidyanathan 200
[Web Science 2011](http://www.websci11.org/) 14--17 June 2011 Koblenz, Germany Barry Wellman, Jaime Teevan 190
[Web Science 2010](http://www.websci10.org/) 26--27 April 2010 Raleigh, North Carolina, USA Sir Tim Berners-Lee, Jennifer Chayes, Melissa R. Gilbert
[Web Science 2009](http://www.websci09
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| 1 |
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# Machado de Castro National Museum
The **Machado de Castro National Museum** (*Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro*) is an art museum in Coimbra, Portugal, named after the renowned Portuguese sculptor Joaquim Machado de Castro. It first opened in 1913 and its latest renovation (2004--2012), which included the addition of a new building, was awarded the Piranesi/Prix de Rome Prize 2014.
## Building
The museum is housed in the former Bishop\'s Palace. This palace was built from the Middle Ages onwards roughly on the site where the Roman forum of Aeminium (Coimbra\'s Roman name) once stood. The remains of this distant past, the Cryptoporticus, can be visited on the lower floors of the museum.
<File:Museu> Machado de Castro porta da cerca medieval entrada do museu IMG 0071.JPG\|Medieval entrance; entrance to the museum <File:Paço> Episcopal de Coimbra ou Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro.jpg\|Former *Bishop\'s Palace* <File:Coimbra> November 2012-6.jpg\|Former *Bishop\'s Palace* <File:G> Byrne Museu Machado de Castro 2 IMG 0082.JPG\|Access to the museum <File:G> Byrne Museu Machado de Castro 2 IMG 0301.jpg\|New restaurant <File:ForumRomanoDeCoimbra1.jpg%7CRoman> Cryptoporticus <File:ForumRomanoDeCoimbra3.jpg%7CRoman> Cryptoporticus <File:G> Byrne Museu Machado de Castro 2 IMG 0165.JPG\|Museum interior (new building) <File:G> Byrne Museu Machado de Castro 2 IMG 0185.jpg\|Museum interior (new building) <File:G> Byrne Museu Machado de Castro 2 IMG 0181.JPG\|Museum interior (new building)
## Collections
The bulk of the museum\'s collection is made up of items from churches and religious institutions in the area surrounding Coimbra. The collections of sculpture (the most extensive of all the national museums of Portugal), painting, precious metals, ceramics and textiles are especially noteworthy.
### Archaeology
<File:Retrato> de Agripina-a-Antiga c 40 dc Museu Machado de Castro IMG 0154.JPG\|*Portrait of Agripina*, 1st Century, 54 x 34 x 34 cm <File:Head> of Trajan, from the Cryptoporticus of Aeminium, Coimbra, Portugal (12570466063).jpg\|*Portrait of Trajan*, 1st-2nd Century, 70 x 32 x 34 cm <File:Portrait> of Livia from Aeminium (Coimbra, Portugal), circa 30 AD, Machado de Castro National Museum, Coimbra, Portugal (12990788884).jpg\|*Female Portrait*, 1st Century, 32 x 32 x 22 cm
### Sculpture
<File:Cavaleiro> medieval IMG 0171.JPG\|Master Pero, *Medieval Knight*, 14th Century, 72 x 65 x 19,5 cm <File:Cristo> Negro sec XIV IMG 0172.JPG\|Unknown author, *Black Christ*, 14th Century, wood, 284,5 x 140 x 61 cm <File:Christ-MNMC.jpg%7CUnknown> author, *Christ in His Tomb*, 14th-15th Century, stone, 64 x 151 x 65 cm <File:Mestre> dos túmulos reais Virgem da Anunciação 1500-1525 2 IMG 0323.JPG\|Master of the Royal Tombs, *Virgin of the Annunciation*, 1500-1525 <File:João> de Ruão Deposição de Cristo no túmulo 1535-1540 1 IMG 0343.JPG\|João de Ruão, *Deposition of Christ*, 1535-1540, 222 x 225 cm <File:João> de Ruão Martírio de S Bartolomeu sec XVI IMG 0201.jpg\|João de Ruão, *St. Bartholomew\'s Martyrdom*, 16th Century <File:João> de Ruão S João Baptista Sec XVI IMG 0197.JPG\|João de Ruão, *St. John the Baptist*, 16th Century <File:João> de Ruão Santa Inês séc XVI 110 x 46 x 25 cm IMG 0196.JPG\|João de Ruão, *St. Agnes*, 16th Century, 110 x 46 x 25 cm <File:Retábulo> da Natividade séc XVI madeira 106,5 x 162 x 29,5 cm IMG 0309.JPG\|*Altarpiece of the Nativity*, Antwerp, 16th Century, 106,5 x 162 x 29,5 cm <File:Olivier> de Gand S Jerónimo S Gregório Papa sec XVI IMG 0304.JPG\|Olivier de Gand, *St. Geronimo* and *Pope St. Gregory*, 16th Century
### Paintings
<File:Senhora> da Rosa sec XV Museu Machado de Castro.JPG\|Unknown Author, *Madonna of the Rose*, 15th Century, 209 x 128 cm <File:Tríptico> de Santa Clara Sec XV Museu Machado de Castro.jpg\|*Santa Clara triptych*, 16th Century, 297 x 342 cm <File:Mestres> do Sardoal Assunção da Virgem séc XVI 168 x 135 cm.jpg\|Sardoal Masters, *The assumption of the Virgin*, 16th Century, 168 x 135 cm <File:Quentin> Metsys Tríptico da Paixão de Cristo c 1517 3.jpg\|Quentin Metsys, *Triptych of the passion of Christ*, c. 1514-17 <File:Quentin> Metsys Tríptico da Paixão de Cristo c 1517 4.jpg\|Quentin Metsys, *Triptych of the passion of Christ*, c. 1514-17 <File:Cristóvão> de Figueiredo Imperador Heraclio com a Santa Cruz 1522-1530.jpg\|Cristóvão de Figueiredo, *Emperor Heraclius with the Holy Cross*, 1522-1530 <File:Garcia> Fernandes Tríptico da Aparição de Cristo à Virgem 1531 98,5 x 123,5 cm.jpg\|Garcia Fernandes, *Triptych of the Apparition of Christ to the Virgin*, 1531, 98,5 x 123,5 cm <File:Bernardo> Manuel Lamentação de Cristo 1570-1580 178 x 160 cm.jpg\|Bernardo Manuel, *The Lamentation of Christ*, 1570-1580, 178 x 160 cm <File:Josefa> de Óbidos - Lactação de São Bernardo - MNMC.jpg\|Josefa de Óbidos, *The Virgin Breastfeeding Saint Bernard*, 1670 <File:André> Gonçalves - goncalves adoracao-1.jpg\|André Gonçalves, *Adoration of the Magi*, 18th Century
### Applied arts {#applied_arts}
<File:Custódia> do Sacramento IMG 0310.JPG\|*Custódia do Sacramento*, 18th Century, 162 x 96 x 99 cm <File:Peça> de ourivesaria Museu Machado de Castro IMG 0217.JPG\|Piece of jewellery <File:Tapeçaria> de Vénus e Marte surpreendidos por Vulcano sec XVI 360 x 405 cm.jpg\|*Venus and Mars surprised by Vulcan*, tapestry, 16th Century, 360 x 405 cm <File:Tapete> de Medalhão, séc XVI.jpg\|*\"Kashan\" carpet*, 16th Century, silk <File:Frontal> de altar em azulejo, c1670.JPG\|Altar piece, ceramic tiles, c
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# Redivivus
***Redivivus*** is Winters Bane third album, released on April 11, 2006 by DCA Recordings.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"Seal the Light\" - 4:53
2. \"Spark to Flame\" - 5:29
3. \"The World\" - 4:19
4. \"Dead Faith\" - 4:24
5. \"Catching the Sun\" - 4:50
6. \"Remember to Forget\" - 4:17
7. \"Burning Bridges\" - 4:32
8. \"Waves of Fury\" - 4:39
9. \"Despise the Lie\" - 3:32
### European Bonus Tracks {#european_bonus_tracks}
: 10\. \"Catching the Sun\" - 4:36
: 11\. \"Remember to Forget\" - 4:18
: 12\. \"Seal the Light\" - 4:37
: 13\. \"Furies\" - 4:44
These songs are demo versions taken from \"Demo 2003\".
## Credits
- Alex Koch - Vocals
- Lou St
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# Norman MacEwen
Air Vice Marshal **Sir Norman Duckworth Kerr MacEwen**, `{{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|CB|CMG|DSO}}`{=mediawiki} (8 November 1881 -- 29 January 1953) was a senior commander in the Royal Air Force during the first half of the 20th century.
## Army career {#army_career}
In 1901, following officer training at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, MacEwen was commissioned into the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. As a junior officer he saw service in South Africa in the early years of the 20th century. In August 1915 he was appointed as Aide-de-camp to the General Officer Commanding Southern Command. At some stage in either the second half of 1915 or the early months of 1916, MacEwan went on to take up duties in the Royal Flying Corps. He was promoted major in January 1916 and, following flying duties, on 16 August 1916 was he promoted to lieutenant colonel and appointed Deputy Assistant Director of Aeronautics. MacEwen spent the remainder of the First World War in staff and administrative appointments. On 1 April 1918, like other members of the Royal Flying Corps, MacEwen transferred to the RAF on its establishment.
## RAF career {#raf_career}
After the end of the First World War, MacEwen was posted out to Afghanistan. On 13 December 1918, he was a passenger on the first through flight from Great Britain to Egypt. MacEwen arrived in Cairo on 1 January 1919 from where he travelled on to Afghanistan. Later in 1919 he took up the post of Officer Commanding RAF India.
In 1920 MacEwen returned to Great Britain. He was first appointed Commandant of the Flying Instructors School and then Commandant of the Central Flying School. From 1923 to 1926 MacEwen occupied the post of Officer Commanding RAF Transjordan. In 1926 he was appointed deputy director of Training and in 1929 he was first promoted air commodore and then appointed as Air Officer Commanding (AOC) No. 22 Group. In 1931 MacEwen was posted to the double-hatted appointment of AOC RAF Halton and Commandant No. 1 School of Technical Training. On 1 January 1932 MacEwen was promoted to air vice marshal. He retired in 1935 at his own request. In 1939, with war looming, MacEwen was recalled to service. He served as AOC No. 22 Group once again, retiring for the second time in 1940. From 1941 to 1943 as a retired officer, MacEwen was a Regional Air Liaison Officer.
From 1936 to 1949, MacEwen was Chairman of the Soldiers\', Sailors\' and Airmen\'s Families Association.
Norman MacEwen died on 29 January 1953 at the RAF Hospital Uxbridge
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# Naked Sky Entertainment
**Naked Sky Entertainment** was an independent game development studio based in Los Angeles. They are a licensed developer for Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and iOS
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# Macedonia at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Macedonia participated at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, United States, held between 8 and 24 February 2002. The country\'s participation in the Games marked its second appearance at the Winter Olympics since its debut in the previous Games.
The Macedonian team consisted of two athletes who competed across three sports. Alpine skier Jana Nikolovska served as the country\'s flag-bearer during the opening ceremony. North Macedonia did not win any medal in the Games, and has not won a Winter Olympics medal as of these Games.
## Background
Athletes from Montenegro competed for Yugoslavia earlier from 1924 to 1988. After its independence from Yugoslavia on 8 September 1991, its National Olympic Committee was formed in 1992. The Olympic Committee of North Macedonia was recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1993. The 1996 Summer Olympics marked Macedonia\'s first participation as an independent nation in the Olympic Games. After the nation made its debut in the Winter Olympics at the 1998 Winter Games, this edition of the Games in 2002 marked the nation\'s second appearance at the Winter Games.
The 2002 Winter Olympics was held in Salt Lake City, United States, held between 8 and 24 February 2002. The Macedonian team consisted of two athletes who competed in two sports. Alpine skier Jana Nikolovska served as the country\'s flag-bearer during the opening ceremony. North Macedonia did not win any medal in the Games, and has not won a Winter Olympics medal as of these Games.
## Competitors
Macedonia sent two athletes who competed in four events in two sports at the Games.
Sport Men Women Athletes
---------------------- ----- ------- ----------
Alpine skiing 1 0 1
Cross-country skiing 1 0 1
Total 2 0 2
## Alpine skiing {#alpine_skiing}
Dejan Panovski represented the country in alpine skiing. This was his first and only participation in the Winter Games. Flag bearer Jana Nikolovska, who was slated to compete in women\'s giant slalom, withdrew from the event.
The alpine skiing events took place at Park City Mountain Resort. In the giant slalom, he clocked a time of 1:20.48 in the first run. He performed better in the second run with a time of 1:18.30 and finished with a total time of 2:58.03 to finish 52nd amongst 57 finishers. In the Men\'s slalom event, he failed to finish the course.
Athlete Event Race 1 Race 2 Total
---------------- --------------------- --------- --------- ---------
Time Time Time Rank
Dejan Panovski Men\'s giant slalom 1:20.48 1:18.30 2:38.78
Men\'s slalom --
## Cross-country skiing {#cross_country_skiing}
Cross-country skiing competitions were held at Soldier Hollow in Wasatch Mountain State Park. Gjoko Dineski represented the country in the sport. This was the second Winter Games for Dineski, who made his debut at the 1998 Games. In the 30 km freestyle competition, Dineski finished in 68th place with a time of over one hour and 33 minutes. In the men\'s sprint event, he crossed the 1480 m course in 3:29.29. He was ranked 64th in the final classification for the qualifying rounds, and failed to advance to the next round.
Athlete Event Qualifying
--------------- ------------------------ ------------------------------------- ------------
Time Rank Time Rank
Gjoko Dineski Men\'s 30 km freestyle colspan=\"2\" `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} 1\'33:33.9
Men\'s sprint 3:29
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# HMS Daedalus
Five ships and a number of shore establishments of the Royal Navy have borne the name **HMS *Daedalus***, after the mythical Daedalus:
- was a 32-gun fifth rate frigate launched in 1780. She was lent to Trinity House between 1803 and 1806 as a hulk, and was broken up in 1811.
- was a 38-gun fifth rate, previously the Venetian frigate *Corona*. She was captured from the French in 1811 and was wrecked in 1813.
- was a 46-gun fifth rate launched in 1826. She was reduced to 20 guns in 1843 and became a Royal Naval Reserve drill ship in 1862. She was sold in 1911.
- HMS *Daedalus* was an iron screw floating battery launched in 1856 as HMS *Thunderbolt*. Converted to a floating pierhead in 1873, she bore the name HMS *Daedalus* between 1916 and 1919 whilst serving as the nominal depot ship of the Royal Naval Air Service. Personnel of Royal Naval Air Service Training Establishment, Cranwell were held against HMS *Daedalus* (see Royal Air Force College Cranwell#History. The vessel was sunk in 1948 when a tug collided with her, and raised the following year to be broken up.
- HMS *Daedalus* was to have been a `{{sclass|Danae|cruiser|0}}`{=mediawiki} light cruiser. She was ordered in 1918, but cancelled later that year.
- HMS *Daedalus* was a naval air station, also known as RNAS Lee-on-Solent. The base was opened in 1917 and transferred to the RAF in 1918. It was returned to the successor of the Royal Naval Air Service, the Fleet Air Arm, in 1939. It and various out-stations bore the name HMS *Daedalus* between 1957 and 1996.
- was a seaplane base and training establishment at several locations around the United Kingdom. Commissioned in 1940, the base was paid off in 1946.
- was an accommodation and release centre at Lee on Solent and Bedhampton between 1943 and 1947
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# Tinapa
thumb\|Tinapa ***Tinapa***, a Filipino term, is fish cooked or preserved through the process of smoking. It is a native delicacy in the Philippines and is often made from blackfin scad (*Alepes melanoptera*, known locally as *galunggong*), or from milkfish, which is locally known as *bangus*.
Though canned *tinapa* in tomato sauce is common and sold commercially throughout the country, it is also still produced and sold traditionally or prepared at home. *Tinapa* recipe mainly involves the process of washing the fish and putting it in brine for an extended amount of time (usually 5 -- 6 hours), air drying and finally smoking the fish. The fish species which are commonly used for making *tinapa* could either be *galunggong* (scads) or *bangus* (milkfish).
The term *tinapa* means \"prepared by smoking\". The root word *tapa* in Philippine languages originally meant fish or meat preserved by smoking. In the Spanish Philippines, it came to refer to meats (modern *tapa*) preserved by other means. It is derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *\*tapa*, which in turn is derived from Proto-Austronesian *\*Capa*
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# Ira Davenport (politician)
**Ira Davenport** (June 28, 1841 -- October 6, 1904) was an American businessman, politician and philanthropist. He was most notable for his service in the New York State Senate (1878-1881), as New York State Comptroller (1882-1883), and a member of Congress from New York\'s 29th congressional district (1885-1889).
## Early life {#early_life}
Davenport was born in Hornellsville, New York, the son of Ira Davenport (1795-1868) and Lydia Cameron (1800-1842). His family moved to Bath in 1847, and Davenport attended Bath\'s Haverling Academy and the Russell Collegiate School in New Haven, Connecticut.
Davenport\'s father owned and operated a large estate and was active in numerous business ventures including stores, farms, lumber, freight transportation, and real estate speculation. After his father\'s death, Davenport took over management of these enterprises.
## Political career {#political_career}
He was a member of the New York State Senate (27th D.) from 1878 to 1881, sitting in the 101st, 102nd, 103rd and 104th New York State Legislatures. He was New York State Comptroller from 1882 to 1883, elected in 1881, but defeated for re-election in 1883 by Democrat Alfred C. Chapin.
Davenport was a member of the 49th and 50th United States Congresses, holding office from March 4, 1885 to March 3, 1889. He was the Republican candidate for Governor of New York in the 1885 election, and was defeated by Democrat David B. Hill.
## Death and burial {#death_and_burial}
Davenport died in Bath on October 6, 1904. He was buried at the Davenport Family Cemetery in Bath.
## Family
On April 27, 1887 in Kingston, New York, Davenport married Katherine Lawrence Sharpe (1860-1945), the daughter of George H. Sharpe. She was the granddaughter of Abraham Bruyn Hasbrouck, great-granddaughter of Abraham J. Hasbrouck and a descendant of Louis DuBois. They had no children.
## Legacy
The Davenport family\'s charitable donations included founding a home for orphaned girls, which was financed by the senior Ira Davenport and his brother Charles, and supported by Ira Davenport Jr. Once closed after 94 years of operation, the orphanage\'s assets endowed Bath\'s Ira Davenport Memorial Hospital, which was named after the senior Ira Davenport. The younger Ira Davenport was a founder of the Bath Soldiers\' and Sailors\' Home and the town\'s public library. From 1906 to 1999 (when a new facility opened), the library was named for Ira Junior. The Davenports also made substantial contributions to fund Bath\'s monumental First Presbyterian Church, with its Tiffany sanctuary. A small Davenport Park in Bath is named for the family, and a squash court at Amherst College is named for Ira Junior\'s brother John
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# Macedonia at the 1998 Winter Olympics
The Republic of Macedonia (officially under the provisional appellation \"former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia\", short \"FYR Macedonia\") competed in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan.
## Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.
Sport Men Women Total
---------------------- ----- ------- -------
Alpine skiing 1 1 2
Cross-country skiing 1 0 1
Total 2 1 3
## Alpine skiing {#alpine_skiing}
Men
Athlete Event Race 1 Race 2 Total
------------------------ -------------- --------- --------- ---------
Time Time Time Rank
Aleksandar Stojanovski Giant Slalom 1:31.83 1:29.34 3:01.17
Women
Athlete Event Race 1 Race 2 Total
----------------- -------------- --------- --------- ---------
Time Time Time Rank
Jana Nikolovska Giant Slalom 1:38.14 1:51.83 3:29.97
## Cross-country skiing {#cross_country_skiing}
Men
+--------+---------------+---------+
| Event | Athlete | Race |
+========+===============+=========+
| Time | Rank | |
+--------+---------------+---------+
| 10 km\ | Gjoko Dineski | 39:39
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# Rock 'n' Roll Gypsies
***Rock \'n\' Roll Gypsies*** is the second live album by the band Saxon, released in 1989 by Roadrunner Records. It was the first album produced by Biff Byford. In the album\'s liner notes it is written that the album was \"Recorded at Budapest Sports Hall and on the road in Eastern Europe\", but the Budapest concert (on May 15, 1988) was the only concert on this tour in Eastern Europe. After the Destiny Europe and US tour from May 3, 1988, til September 3, 1988, Nigel Durham and Paul Johnson played their last Saxon concert at September 3, 1988, at Omni Club, Oakland, California, US. The lineup (with Nigel Glockler and Timothy \"Nibbs\" Carter) on the cover is the new lineup from 1989, when the album was released, not the lineup from the live performances on the album. In 2001 it was re-released with a different cover and two additional tracks, and with production credited to the whole band and not just to Byford.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
\"The Eagle Has Landed\" and \"Just Let Me Rock\" are CD bonus tracks
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# Breard v. Greene
***Breard v. Greene***, 523 U.S. 371 (1998), is a United States Supreme Court decision decided on April 14, 1998.`{{better source needed|date=April 2024}}`{=mediawiki} The Court held that Breard would not receive a stay of execution and/or other relief under the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, thus confirming the constitutional law principle that a Senate-ratified treaty may be overridden by a later domestic statute enacted by Congress.
## Background
In 1992, Ángel Francisco Breard, a citizen of Paraguay, was convicted of the rape and capital murder of Ruth Dickie. Breard was scheduled to be executed by the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1996. Ultimately, Breard filed a motion for habeas relief in Federal District Court, alleging that arresting authorities violated the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations when they failed to inform him that, as a foreign national, he had the right to contact the Paraguayan Consulate. The court concluded that Breard had procedurally defaulted on this claim by failing to raise it in state court. The Court of Appeals affirmed. In 1996, Paraguayan officials brought suit alleging that Virginia officials had violated their rights under the Vienna Convention by failing to inform Breard of his treaty rights and the Paraguayan consulate of Breard\'s situation. Ultimately, the District Court concluded that it lacked jurisdiction. The Court of Appeals affirmed.
In a *per curiam* opinion, the Court denied the stay applications and all other relief. The majority of the Court concluded that, because he had procedurally defaulted it, Breard could not raise his Vienna Convention claim on federal habeas corpus review. Moreover, the Court reasoned that Breard could not have demonstrated that the alleged violation of the Vienna Convention had an effect on his state trial that ought to have resulted in the overturning of his conviction. Additionally, the Court found that the Vienna Convention did not clearly provide a foreign nation with a private right of action in U.S. courts. Justices John Paul Stevens, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, and Stephen Breyer, in separate dissents, argued that the Court ought to have granted the stay applications and considered the merits of the case to different degrees.
## Aftermath
Shortly after this decision, Ángel Francisco Breard was executed by lethal injection administered by the Commonwealth of Virginia on April 14, 1998, aged 32
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# Darlingerode
**Darlingerode** is a village and a former municipality in the district of Harz, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. On 1 July 2009, it was incorporated into the town of Ilsenburg.
## Geography
It is situated at the northern edge of the Harz mountain range on the road from Ilsenburg and Drübeck to the town of Wernigerode in the east. The village has approximately 2.400 inhabitants, it consists of the southern part Darlingerode proper and the northern Altenrode.
Darlingerode station is a stop on the Heudeber-Danstedt--Bad Harzburg/Vienenburg railway line.
## History
The village was known as *Turincwartesrot* in early medieval times, since, according to a 12th-century entry, a man called Turincwart settled down here and inherited or donated the place to the Fulda monastery, between 780 and 820. It was possibly deserted for a long time - the first time the settlement again appeared is 5 May 1086, in a document of Bishop Burchard II of Halberstadt. This date is regarded as the foundation of the village, and consequently the 900-year-jubilee was celebrated in 1986.
The inhabitants lived on arable farming, but also on mining in the Harz mountains. It is assumed that Emperor Otto III held a court\'s day at an early medieval stone circle in Darlingerode. The foundations of the Romanesque village church, first mentioned in 1086, also date back to the Ottonian era. The estates belonged to the County of Wernigerode; from 1429, they were held by the Counts of Stolberg. On 6 August 1517, Martin Luther visited Himmelpforten Abbey near the village, where he debated with the head of his order, Johann von Staupitz, about the so-called sale of indulgences. This may be a legend, nevertheless a memorial stone was erected 400 years later here. In the German Peasants\' War of 1525, the monastery was taken and nearly destroyed by insurgents from Darlingerode and Wernigerode, the monks fled, returned for some decades, but left it in the end. Nowadays just some remains of the outer walls are to be seen.
During the Thirty Years\' War, the area was repeatedly devastated by Imperial troops under Wallenstein and Tilly as well as by Swedish forces. The inhabitants probably were connected with people who fled into the near woods and defied the plundering troops, the *Harzschützen* movement.
After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire and the Napoleonic Wars, the Counts of Counts of Stolberg-Wernigerode became mediatized princes in the Prussian province of Saxony.
## Notable people {#notable_people}
- Ulrich Schulze (born 1947), footballer
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# Vilna offensive
The **Vilna offensive** was a campaign of the Polish--Soviet War of 1919--1921. The Polish army launched an offensive on April 16, 1919, to take Vilnius from the Red Army. After three days of street fighting from April 19--21, the city was captured by Polish forces, causing the Red Army to retreat. During the offensive, the Poles also succeeded in securing the nearby cities of Lida, Pinsk, Navahrudak, and Baranovichi.
The Red Army launched a series of counterattacks in late April, all of which ended in failure. The Soviets briefly recaptured the city a year later, in spring 1920, when the Polish army was retreating along the entire front. In the aftermath, the Vilna offensive would cause much turmoil on the political scene in Poland and abroad.
## Prelude
Soviet Russia, while at the time publicly supporting Polish and Lithuanian independence, sponsored communist agitators working against the government of the Second Polish Republic, and considered that the Polish eastern borders should approximate those of the defunct Congress Poland.
Throughout the 19th century, Poles saw the boundaries of their territories as lying much farther east and sought to reestablish the 1772 borders of the Polish--Lithuanian Commonwealth. However, by 1919, this concept of Polish borders was already considered unrealistic and was used by Polish politicians merely for tactical purposes during the Versailles Conference. Józef Piłsudski envisioned a revived Commonwealth in the form of a multinational federation consisting of Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, and perhaps Latvia -- a plan which was in direct conflict with the Lithuanian wishes of creating the independent Republic of Lithuania. Piłsudski discerned an opportunity for regaining territories that were once the part of the Polish--Lithuanian Commonwealth and now belonged to the Russian Empire, which was shaken by the 1917 Revolution, the ongoing Russian Civil War,`{{Ref label|b|b|none}}`{=mediawiki} and the Central Powers\' offensive.
In the first weeks of 1919, following the retreat of the German Ober-Ost forces under Max Hoffmann, Vilnius found itself in a power vacuum. It promptly became the scene of struggles among competing political groups and experienced several internal revolutions.
On January 1, Polish officers, led by Władysław Wejtko and Władysław Dąbrowski attempted to take control of the city by establishing a *Samoobrona* (\"Self-Defense\") provisional government. Their aim was to defeat the pro-communist Vilna Soviet of Workers Deputies, a rival faction within Vilnius seeking to govern the city. *Samoobrona* rule of Vilnius did not last long. Four days later January 5, 1919, the Polish forces were forced to make a hasty retreat when the Russian Western Army marched in from Smolensk to support the local communists as part of the Soviet westward offensive. *Main article: Battles for Vilnius (1918--1919)*
Vilnius, the historical capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, became part of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic and was soon proclaimed capital of the short-lived Lithuanian--Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (Lit-Bel) on February 27, 1919. The Lit-Bel became the 8th government to control Vilnius in two years. During the month and a half that the Lit-Bel controlled the city, the new communist government turned Vilnius into a social experiment, testing various applications of left-leaning governmental systems on the city\'s inhabitants.
Józef Piłsudski, Polish commander-in-chief, determined that regaining control of Vilnius, whose population consisted mostly of Poles and Jews,`{{Ref label|c|c|none}}`{=mediawiki} should be a priority of the renascent Polish state. He had been working on plans to take control of Vilnius since at least March; he gave preliminary orders to prepare a push in that direction`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}and counter an expected Soviet westward push`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}on March 26. One of Piłsudski\'s objectives was to take control of Vilnius before Western diplomats at the Paris Peace Conference could rule on whom the city, demanded by various factions, should be given to. The action was not discussed with Polish politicians or the government, who at that time were more concerned with the situation on the southern Polish--Ukrainian front. By early April, when members of the Kresy Defence Committee (*Komitet Obrony Kresów*) Michał Pius Römer, Aleksander Prystor, Witold Abramowicz, and Kazimierz Świtalski met with Pilsudski, stressing the plight of occupied Vilnius and its inhabitants\' need for self-government, Piłsudski was ready to move.
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# Vilna offensive
## Offensive
### Diversionary attacks {#diversionary_attacks}
Piłsudski arrived at the front near Lida on 15 April, bringing reinforcements from Warsaw. His plan called for exploitation of the gap in the Soviet lines between Vilnius and Lida by an advance towards Vilnius using the road and railway. Amidst diversionary attacks, designed to draw Russian attention away from the main Polish thrust towards Vilnius, the main Polish attack began at dawn on 16 April. The forces moving on Vilnius included the cavalry group of Colonel Wladyslaw Belina-Prazmowski, composed of 800 men in nine cavalry squadrons and a battery of horse artillery; and infantry under General Edward Rydz-Śmigły, composed of 2,500 men in three battalions of the Polish 1st Legions Infantry Division and two batteries of heavy artillery.
Soviet forces in the area were composed of the Western Rifle Division, a unit which had many pro-communist Polish volunteers, and other units of the Western Army. The Soviet garrison of Vilnius numbered about 2,000 newly trained troops. Soviet forces in the area around Vilnius are estimated at 7,000 infantry, a few hundred cavalry, and 10 artillery pieces. These forces were to be engaged and thus prevented from coming to the aid of the Vilnius garrison.
The diversionary attacks went well, with Soviet forces acting under the impression that the Poles had targets other than Vilnius. Despite their diversionary intent, these attacks succeeded in their own right, with Generał Józef Adam Lasocki taking Lida in two days despite unexpectedly strong resistance, and Generał Stefan Mokrzecki taking Nowogrodek in three days and Baranowicze in four.
### Assault on Vilnius {#assault_on_vilnius}
On 18 April, Colonel Belina decided to use the element of surprise and move into Vilnius without waiting for the slower infantry units. Polish forces left the village of Mýto in early morning. At 03:30 on 19 April, Maj. Zaruski took Liepkalnis near Vilnius. Belina\'s cavalry bypassed Vilnius and attacked from behind, taking the train station on the night of 18 to 19 April; on 19 April, cavalry under lieutenant Gustaw Orlicz-Dreszer`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}future Polish general`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}charged into the suburbs, spreading panic among the confused garrison. He seized the train station and sent a train down the line to collect infantry. In this surprise raid about 400 prisoners, 13 trains, and various military supplies were captured. Piłsudski would declare Belina\'s cavalry action the \"most exquisite military action carried out by Polish cavalry in this war\".
Cavalrymen fought for control of the center of Vilnius and took Cathedral Square, the castle complex on the hillside, and the enemy quarters on the southern riverbank. They also captured hundreds of Bolshevik soldiers and officials, but their numbers were too small compared to the enemy forces, who had begun to reorganize, particularly in the north and west of the town, and to prepare a counterattack. Belina sent a message reporting that \"enemy is resisting with extreme strength\" and asking for immediate reinforcements. At around 8:00 in the evening the train he had sent in the morning returned with the first infantry reinforcements. The Polish troops were also supported by the city\'s predominantly Polish population which formed a militia to aid them. By the evening of 19 April half of Vilnius was under Polish control, however, the Red Army troops and supporters were putting up a stubborn and coordinated defence. Only upon the arrival of the main force of Polish infantry under Generał Śmigły on 21 April did the Poles gain the upper hand, attacking those parts of the town still held by the Red Army. The Polish infantry was able to reinforce the cavalry in the city center, and during the night, with help of local guides, Polish forces crossed the river and took one of the bridges. On April 20, the bridges were in the hands of the Poles, and more of the city fell under their control. During the afternoon of that day, after a three-day-long urban battle, the city was in Polish hands. Piłsudski arrived in Vilnius on the same day.
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# Vilna offensive
## Offensive
### Jewish deaths {#jewish_deaths}
As the Polish troops entered the city, the first pogrom in modern Vilnius started, as noted by the Timothy D. Snyder, citing Michał Pius Römer. Dozens of people connected with the Lit-Bel were arrested, and some were executed; Norman Davies cites a death toll for all -- Jews and non-Jews, under Polish rule -- as 65. Jews constituted close to one-half of Vilnius\'s population, according to the German census of 1916, and many victims of fighting and subsequent repression in Vilnius were Jews. Henry Morgenthau, Sr. counted 65, Joseph W. Bendersky counted over a hundred.
There was a common belief among the Poles that most Jews were Bolsheviks and Communists, in league with the enemy of the Polish state, Soviet Russia. The Polish army stated that any Jews it killed were militants and collaborators engaged in actions against the Polish army. Having been fired at from Jewish homes, Polish soldiers took this as an excuse to break into many Jewish homes and stores, beating the Jews and robbing them, desecrating synagogues, arresting hundreds, depriving them of food and drink for days and deporting them from the city; such abuses were, however, not supported -- and even specifically forbidden -- by the Polish high command.
The US Army representative on the scene, Colonel Wiliam F. Godson, agreed with the version of events presented by the Polish general staff. In his reports, Godson wrote that \"Jews constituted at least 80% of every Bolshevik organization\" and that, unlike the \"harmless Polish Jews\" (who really \"had become Poles\"), the \"Litwaks or Russian Jews\" are \"extremely dangerous\", making the \"Jewish question the most important one \[for the country\]\". Neglecting the plight of the Jews, Godson had only noted in his report the instances of Bolsheviks executing and mutilating civilians and Polish prisoners of war. The Nobel Prize-winning author Władysław Reymont, in an article published by *Gazeta Warszawska*, the main organ of the openly antisemitic National Democratic Party, also denied that pogroms had taken place. Henry Morgenthau, Sr. of the Anglo-American Investigating Commission in his report acquitted the Polish side of having organized pogroms, noting the wartime confusion and the fact that some Jews had indeed shot at the Polish forces. The report was, however, highly critical of the activities of the Polish Army in Vilnius, noting that 65 Jews with no proven connections to the Bolsheviks had been killed, and that many arrests, robberies and abuses had occurred, while soldiers guilty of these acts had not been punished.
### Soviet counteroffensive {#soviet_counteroffensive}
The Polish victory infuriated the Soviets, leading to dozens of arrests and several executions among those connected to the Lit-Bel. The former Lit-Bel leaders began accusing one another of culpability for the loss of their capital. Lenin considered the city vital to his plans, and ordered its immediate recapture, with the Red Army attempting several counteroffensives in April 1919.
Near the end of the month about 12,000 infantry, 3,000 cavalry, 210 heavy machine guns and 44 guns were assembled by Soviet forces in the area of Širvintos, Pabradė, Soly and Ashmyany. Polish forces in the area under general Stanisław Szeptycki numbered 11,000; Rydz-Śmigly had 8 infantry battalions, 18 cavalry squadrons and 18 guns in Vilnius itself. Rydz-Śmigły decided to engage the enemy forces before they combined their strengths. On the night of April 28--29, general Stefan Dąb-Biernacki took Podbrodzie, capturing one of the Soviet formations. Simultaneously, Soviet forces attacked near Deliny--Ogrodniki, south of Vilnius. Polish defenses and counterattacks managed to halt Soviet movements towards Vilnius, pushing them back towards Skaidiškės--Grigaičiai. In retaliation, Soviet forces launched yet another counterattack, this one from north of Vilnius. The results were significantly better than those of the previous offensive, with Soviet forces breaking through Polish defenses in the area. However, Red Army forces halted their movements short of Vilnius, not wishing to attack a hostile city during the night. Polish forces took advantage of the opportunity to strengthen their defenses. Shortly afterwards, Polish forces counterattacked, pushing the Red Army back towards Maišiagala and Pabradė. Polish forces pursued and took those two settlements, as well as Giedraičiai and Smorgoń. By mid-May Polish forces had reached the line of Narocz lake -- Adutiškis -- Ignalina -- Linkmenys, leaving Vilnius well behind the frontline.
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# Vilna offensive
## Aftermath
Because of the successful surprise attack, the Polish army in Vilnius managed to appropriate sizable stocks of supplies and take hundreds of prisoners. When Piłsudski entered the city, a victory parade was held in his honour. The city\'s Polish citizens on the whole were delighted; their politicians envisaged a separate Lithuanian state closely allied with Poland. Representatives from the city were immediately sent to the Paris Peace Conference, and the Stefan Batory University in Vilnius, which had been closed in 1832 following the November 1830 Uprising, was reopened.
Acting in accordance with his vision of a Polish-led \"Międzymorze\" federation of East-Central European states, Piłsudski on April 22, 1919, issued a bilingual statement, in Polish and Lithuanian, of his political intentions -- the \"Proclamation to the inhabitants of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania\", pledging to provide \"elections \[which will\] take place on the basis of secret, universal and direct voting, without distinction between the sexes\" and to \"create an opportunity for settling your nationality problems and religious affairs in a manner that you yourself will determine, without any kind of force or pressure from Poland.\" Piłsudski\'s proclamation was aimed at showing good will both to Lithuanians and international diplomats; the latter succeeded as the proclamation dealt a blow to the image of \'Polish conquest\' and replaced it with the image of \'Poland fighting with Bolsheviks dictatorship and liberating other nations\'; however the Lithuanians who demanded exclusive control over the city were much less convinced. Piłsudski\'s words also caused significant controversy on the Polish political scene; as they had not been discussed with the Sejm and caused much anger among Piłsudski\'s National-Democratic opponents; Polish People\'s Party \"Piast\" deputies demanded incorporation of the Vilnius Region into Poland and even accused Piłsudski of treason. However, Piłsudski\'s supporters in the Polish Socialist Party managed to deflect those attacks.
The Lithuanian government in Kaunas, which viewed the city as the historic capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, saw the Polish incursion as an occupation. The Lithuanian government demanded Vilnius back. Relations between the Polish and Lithuanian governments, unable to reach a compromise over Vilnius, continued to worsen, destroying the prospects for Piłsudski\'s plan of the Międzymorze federation and leading to open hostilities in the ensuing Polish--Lithuanian War. In 1920, the Soviets recaptured Vilnius, followed by the Poles\' establishment of the short-lived Republic of Central Lithuania.
The Polish capture of Vilnius set the stage for further escalation of Polish conflicts with Soviet Russia and Lithuania. In coming months, Polish forces would push steadily eastward, launching Operation Minsk in August
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# The Golden Touch of Frankie Carle
***The Golden Touch of Frankie Carle*** is a musical variety television series broadcast in the United States by NBC from August 7, 1956, through October 20, 1956.
*The Golden Touch of Frankie Carle* featured pianist Frankie Carle and guest singers performing a variety of music, including popular standards and the current hits of the day. Accompaniment was provided by a musical trio.
The program\'s main purpose was to round out the half-hour prior to the beginning of prime time following the conclusion of the network\'s evening news broadcasts, which were, like most network news broadcasts of the era, only 15 minutes long.
Carle\'s guest on the premiere episode was Joanne Gilbert.
## Production
Jim Jordan Jr. produced and directed the series. The writers were Lenny Gaines and Barry Ziff. The show was sustaining and originated from KRCA-TV.
In August 1956 the program was broadcast from 7:30 to 7:45 p.m. Eastern Time. In September it expanded to Tuesdays at that same time, and in October it went back to the original time slot. It was replaced by *The Nat King Cole Show*.
## Critical response {#critical_response}
A review in the trade publication *Broadcasting* said that the premiere episode focused too little on the star: \"Mr. Carle was all but crowded off the screen\" by \"visual gimmicks\", the guest \"gets far more exposure than he does\", and \"Mr. Carle is permitted to play only snatches of the songs that made him famous
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# Mukkadal Dam
**Mukkadal dam** is built across the Vambaru River located in the state of Tamil Nadu. It is located near Thuvarankadu Village in Kanyakumari District. The district capital and nearby town Nagercoil is located 10 km from the dam. It was built in 1945 by Sree Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma, the King of Travancore. The dam is a natural earthen dam constructed using clay and granite stones.
The dam and reservoir are surrounded is set on the backdrop of forest surrounded by hills on three sides. There is a park located adjacent to the dam.
The reservoir supplies water for the town of Nagercoil. The capacity of the reservoir was initially at 84mcft with Full Reservoir level of 60.98m. It was later increased to 105 mcft and 62.20m respectively in 1979. Despite this the water supply is deemed inadequate and new plans for obtaining additional water from Paraliar river is under works
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# Iemasa Tokugawa
`{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2014}}`{=mediawiki} Prince `{{nihongo|'''Iemasa Tokugawa'''|徳川 家正|Tokugawa Iemasa|March 23, 1884 – February 18, 1963}}`{=mediawiki} also known as Iyemasa, was a Japanese political figure of the Taishō and early Shōwa periods. He was the 17th hereditary head of the former shogunal branch of the Tokugawa clan and the final President of the House of Peers in the Diet of Japan.
## Biography
Iemasa Tokugawa was born in what is now the Sendagaya district of Tokyo, as the eldest son of Tokugawa Iesato and his wife, Konoe Hiroko, daughter of Konoe Tadafusa. He graduated from the Faculty of Law at Tokyo Imperial University (the University of Tokyo) in 1909, and accepted a post in the diplomatic corps of Foreign Ministry the same year. In 1924, he was appointed Consul-general to the Japanese consulate in Sydney, Australia. In 1929, he was appointed Envoy to Canada and from 1937 to 1939 served as the Japanese ambassador to Turkey.
Iemasa often allied with his father Prince Tokugawa Iesato (aka Prince Iyesato Tokugawa) in promoting international goodwill projects between Japan and Europe, Canada, and United States. The Art of Peace book cover photo illustration presents Iemasa accompanying his father as his father receives an honorary doctor of laws degree from the president of the University of Southern California in 1934. During that same year, on May 10, 1934, Iyemasa was also recognized for his humanitarian and goodwill diplomatic efforts by a prominent North American University and was given an honorary doctor of laws degree from the University of British Columbia in Canada.
In 1940, on the death of his father, he inherited the title of *kōshaku* (*公爵*, \'prince\' or \'duke\') under the *kazoku* peerage system, and a seat as a member of the House of Peers of the Diet of Japan. On June 19, 1946, he served as the President of the House of Peers, a post which he held until May 2, 1947, when the Allied occupation authorities authorized the current Constitution of Japan abolishing the House of Peers along with the Nobility.
He died of heart disease at his home in Shibuya, Tokyo, on February 18, 1963, and was posthumously awarded the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers, 1st class. His grave is located at the Yanaka Cemetery in Tokyo. He was succeeded as head of the Tokugawa clan by Tsunenari Tokugawa, his grandson from Yasuko Tokugawa with Matsudaira Ichiro, son of Tsuneo Matsudaira
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# Witch Hunter (album)
***Witch Hunter*** is the second studio album by German heavy metal band Grave Digger. It was released on 10 May 1985 via Noise Records.
The song \"School\'s Out\" is an Alice Cooper cover that was originally released on the *School\'s Out* album.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
All songs composed and arranged by Grave Digger, except where indicated. Lyrics written by Grave Digger except where noted
## Line up {#line_up}
- Chris Boltendahl -- bass, vocals
- Peter Masson -- guitar, bass
- Albert Eckardt -- drums
- René \"T. Bone\" Teichgräber -- bass on \"Love Is a Game\" and \"School\'s Out\"
Production
- Karl-U. Walterbach -- executive producer
- Jochen Ruschinzik -- photography
- Hans B
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# Essar Shipping
**Essar Shipping Ltd.**, now **Essar Shipping Ports & Logistics Limited**, is an Indian shipping corporation for the global energy business. Established in 1945, Essar Shipping was formally incorporated in 2010 and is listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange. Headquartered in Mumbai, it operates as a subsidiary of the Essar Group.
The company\'s fleet handles a daily average of eight million barrels of crude oil, 320,000 barrels of petroleum products and 355,000 tons of dry bulk cargo. The company currently has a fleet of 26 vessels, with an additional 12 new ships on order. It provides contract drilling services to global oil majors, with a fleet of 13 onshore rigs and one semi-submersible offshore rig; two new jack-up rigs on order. Essar Shipping Ports & Logistics Ltd was the first Indian shipping company to obtain the International Safety Management Code (ISM) in 1995 and is also ISO 14001 certified. The company has proposed to maximise the fleet in 2017-18 by adding new VLCCs & ULCCs.`{{update needed|date=September 2020}}`{=mediawiki}`{{clarify|reason=What does this jargon mean?|date=September 2020}}`{=mediawiki}
## Operations
### Sea transportation {#sea_transportation}
Company has a diversified fleet of 26 vessels including VLCCs, Capesize, Mini-capesize, Supramaxes, mini-bulk carriers and tugs. It provides crude oil and petroleum products transportation, transportation management services and integrated dry bulk transportation services. It has provided service for more than 220 ship years`{{clarify|date=April 2015}}`{=mediawiki} to Indian and global oil majorsand commodity traders.
- Provides crude oil and product transportation services
- More than 225 ship years of service to leading Indian and global oil majors and commodity traders; tonnage presently stands at 2 million tonnes
### Ports and terminals {#ports_and_terminals}
**Vadinar (Gujarat, India)**: A 37 million ton port and terminal facility to provide handling, storage and terminaling services for crude oil and petroleum products to refineries and traders.
### Logistics
It provides end-to-end logistics services -- from ships to ports, lighterage services to plants, intra-plant logistics and dispatching finished products to the final customer. It owns transhipment assets to provide lighterage support services, onshore & offshore logistics services. Essar Shipping manages a fleet of 4,200 trucks for inland transportation of steel and petroleum products.
- Essar Shipping owns transhipment assets to provide lighterage support services, onshore & offshore logistics services
- Essar Shipping manages a fleet of 4,200 trucks for inland transportation of steel and petroleum product
### Oilfields services (OGDSL - Oil & Gas Drilling Services Limited) {#oilfields_services_ogdsl___oil_gas_drilling_services_limited}
Essar Shipping provides contract drilling and Integrated Project Management services to oil and gas companies worldwide, operating both offshore and onshore in a multitude of countries.
- Owns a fleet of 14 rigs, which includes 1 semi-submersible rig and 13 onshore rigs
### Under execution {#under_execution}
- Sea transportation: On order book of 4 new building vessels
- Oilfields services: New On shore drilling contract in Gabon to begin shortly
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# Esteban (footballer)
**Esteban Andrés Suárez** (born 27 June 1975), known simply as **Esteban**, is a Spanish retired professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
He started and finished his extensive senior career, which spanned more than two decades, at Real Oviedo. He appeared in 280 matches in La Liga over 13 seasons, also representing in the competition Atlético Madrid, Sevilla, Celta and Almería.
## Club career {#club_career}
### Early years {#early_years}
Born in Avilés, Asturias, Esteban began his career with hometown\'s SD Navarro CF in 1993, but soon moved to local giants Real Oviedo after a stint at Real Avilés Industrial CF. In five seasons with the first team, four of those spent in La Liga, he only missed a total of 12 league games, and moved to Atlético Madrid in summer 2002 as the *Colchoneros* had just returned to the top flight after a two-year absence, finishing the campaign as starter after beginning as understudy to Germán Burgos.
Esteban joined fellow top-division club Sevilla FC in August 2003. After two solid seasons with the Andalusians (two sixth league places, as first choice) he signed for RC Celta de Vigo, backing up José Manuel Pinto in the Segunda División side until the latter moved to FC Barcelona in January 2008.
### Almería
In the 2008 off-season, Esteban joined UD Almería in the top tier, where he was second choice to Diego Alves in his first year. However, profiting from injury to the starter in late March 2009, he was put between the posts and remained there until the end of the season even when the Brazilian recovered.
In the 2009--10 campaign, Esteban\'s league output consisted of 30 minutes -- the last round notwithstanding-- after Alves was sent off in a 0--3 home defeat against Valencia CF. At the season\'s end, however, the 35-year-old renewed his contract for another year.
Esteban continued as Alves\' backup in 2010--11. He was the starter, however, in Almería\'s Copa del Rey run, which saw the club reach the competition\'s semi-finals for the first time ever. In the final stretch of the campaign, as they were already relegated and Alves announced his departure to Valencia, he appeared in four matches and conceded 11 goals, including eight in a 8--1 loss at Real Madrid.
Subsequently, at 36, Esteban became Almería\'s first choice. He played all 42 league games during the second-division season, conceding 43 goals as the team finished seventh.
Esteban did not miss one single match in the 2013--14 campaign, as the *Rojiblancos* were again in the Spanish top flight and managed to stay afloat.
### Return to Oviedo {#return_to_oviedo}
On 13 May 2014, Esteban announced he was returning to Oviedo twelve years after leaving. An undisputed starter in his first two seasons, he was overtaken by new signing Juan Carlos in 2016--17.
On 29 June 2017, despite Esteban\'s willingness to play a further season, he retired and was immediately included in the club\'s backroom staff
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# Colombia at the 1936 Summer Olympics
**Colombia at the 1936 Summer Olympics** in Berlin, Germany was the nation\'s second appearance at the tenth edition of the Summer Olympic Games
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# Sibyl Vane (band)
**Sibyl Vane** is an indie rock band from Pau, France created in 2002 by Bernard Cabarrou, Stéphane Sapanel, Eddy Crampes, and Pierre Dutrey.
## History
The French band Sibyl Vane is based in Pau since 2003. They take their name from a character in Oscar Wilde\'s novel *The Picture of Dorian Gray*. They tend to incorporate performance art into their stage shows.
Their first recording attempt, *Pret-a-porter*, was released in late 2002 as a demo CD-R, a few months before its official release as an EP. In October 2005, the band released its debut album, *Paradoxes*, on the Jerkov label. In 2006 the band recorded a cover version of David Bowie\'s \"I\'m Deranged\" for the Chicago-based label FTC Records. The compilation entitled *2. Contamination* includes bands such as Arcade Fire, The Dresden Dolls, and David J.
Sibyl Vane\'s next album, *The Locked Suitcase*, was released in October 2008. This album was recorded in France and mixed at the Hotel2Tango, Montréal by Howard Bilerman (Arcade Fire, A Silver Mt. Zion). Artists such as Mike Garson and Lydia Lunch have collaborated with the band and appear on the album.
Sibyl Vane has played with artists such as Dominique A, Ulan Bator, L\'Enfance Rouge, Tahiti 80, and Calc.
## Discography
### Albums
- *The Locked Suitcase* (A Tant Rêver Du Roi) (March 2008)
- *Paradoxes* (Jerkov) (October 2005)
### Singles and EPs {#singles_and_eps}
- *Prêt-à-porter* (EP) (self-released demo) (2002) (Re-released through A Tant Rêver Du Roi in 2003)
### Compilation appearances {#compilation_appearances}
- *2
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# War Games (Grave Digger album)
***War Games*** is the third studio album by German heavy metal band Grave Digger, released on 1 February 1986 through Noise Records. The official lyrics of the album have only been released with the 1994 Japanese re-release.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
All songs written by Chris Boltendahl, Peter Masson, C. F. Frank and Albert Eckhardt`{{tracklist
| headline = Side A
| title1 = Keep On Rockin{{'-}}`{=mediawiki} \| length1 = 3:05 \| title2 = Heaven Can Wait \| length2 = 3:33 \| title3 = Fire in Your Eyes \| length3 = 3:44 \| title4 = Let Your Heads Roll \| length4 = 4:05 \| title5 = Love Is Breaking My Heart \| length5 = 4:06 }} `{{tracklist
| total_length = 37:29
| headline = Side B
| title6 = Paradise
| length6 = 4:14
| title7 = (Enola Gay) Drop the Bomb
| length7 = 3:27
| title8 = Fallout
| length8 = 4:55
| title9 = Playin' Fools
| length9 = 3:57
| title10 = The End
| note10 = instrumental
| length10 = 2:25
}}`{=mediawiki}
## Lineup
- Chris Boltendahl --vocals
- Peter Masson -- guitar
- C. F. Frank -- bass
- Albert Eckhardt -- drums
Additional musician
- Michael \"Flexig\" Flechsig -- backing vocals
Production
- Chris Boltendahl -- producer, cover concept
- Jan Němec -- producer, engineering, mixing, mastering
- Karl-U
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# Harlow Rugby Club
**Harlow Rugby Club** is a rugby union club based in Harlow, Essex, England.
Harlow Rugby Club currently fields a senior team, plus a fairly vibrant ladies team. The first XV currently compete in Regional 2 Anglia -- a league at tier 6 of the English rugby union system -- following their relegation from London 2 North East at the end of the 2018--19 season, while the Rams (2nd XV) and Saints (3rd XV) compete in the Essex Shepherds Neame Clubs Leagues.
## History
The club came into existence on 8 December 1955 at a meeting in the Essex Skipper pub in Harlow. Founder members included; Alexander J McCowan, Dr John Huntley, Ron Bracewell, Ron Strudwick, Ron Parkin, Derek Jennings and Eric Jones. Harlow initially played in a white and green striped strip. The New Town Development Corporation provided grounds for the club at a token rent of £15 per annum. This ground wasn\'t usable to begin with so the club played rugby on a local farmer\'s field for the interim.
The Ram Gorse Club House was opened by Sir Richard Costain in 1959. Over the years, membership grew as Harlow attracted members from all over the UK, and especially from Wales. Harlow fielded more and more teams on match days. During the 1980/81 season Harlow were able to field seven different teams on a Saturday. During these years one of Harlow\'s cornerstone teams was the Saints. The Saints have had two unbeaten seasons during their time, 1975/76 and 1982/83.
Harlow\'s strength in depth continued over several decades after Gwynne Harris, the PE Advisor for West Essex Education Authority, for a number of years encouraged many high quality P.E. teachers from the Cardiff and other Welsh colleges to transfer their rugby skills and enhance their educational careers in the town and from this environment promising students were encouraged to join the club; the club built one of the highest quality junior rugby set-ups in the UK.
When leagues were formed in 1987/88, Harlow were placed in the Eastern Counties Division One. Thereafter, they were promoted every two years until finally reaching the London Division One in 1993. Harlow have never won the Essex Cup, however, Harlow has won the Eastern Counties Cup twice; first, in 1995 and second, in 1997; in 1999 a Harlow Sevens squad reached the Middlesex 7s finals and played on the hallowed turf at Twickenham Stadium beating Richmond in their last tournament as a professional club.
In July 2017 the club completed a move to a facility in the centre of Harlow named Latton Park.
## Colts rugby {#colts_rugby}
Harlow Colts won 100 matches in a row from 1979 to 1981. Wasps, Saracens, Leicester, and Bristol were first-class teams Harlow Colts played. During this period, a number of Harlow players - Dave Hurley, Jonathan Locke and Wayne Kearns, were selected to play first-class rugby for Saracens and London Irish. Jonathan Locke and Wayne Kearns achieved junior international honours for England and Ireland U21s respectively. More recently, Harlow junior, Steven Pope, has represented London Wasps, Blackheath R.C., London Welsh and Swansea RFC rugby clubs and he has also represented England Divisions against South Africa
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# Tsunenari Tokugawa
is the former 18th generation head of the Tokugawa clan. He is the son of Ichirō Matsudaira and Toyoko Tokugawa. His great-grandfather was the famed Matsudaira Katamori of Aizu and his paternal great-grandfather was Tokugawa Iesato. As a great-grandson of Shimazu Tadayoshi, the last lord of Satsuma Domain, he is also a second cousin of the former Emperor, Akihito.
Tsunenari was active for many years in the shipping company Nippon Yūsen, retiring in June, 2002, and is the head of the nonprofit Tokugawa Foundation. The nonprofit aims to preserve the remaining cultural treasures of the Tokugawa family, many of which were lost in the Meiji Restoration and World War II U.S. bombings. In 2007, Tsunenari published a book entitled *Edo no idenshi* (江戸の遺伝子), released in English in 2009 as *The Edo Inheritance*, which seeks to counter the common belief among Japanese that the Edo period (throughout which members of his Tokugawa clan ruled Japan as *shōguns*) was like a Dark Age, when Japan, cut off from the world, fell behind. On the contrary, he argues, the roughly 250 years of peace and relative prosperity saw great economic reforms, the growth of a sophisticated urban culture, and the development of the most urbanized society on the planet.
Tokugawa stepped down from being the head of the Tokugawa clan on 1 January 2023. His son, author and translator Iehiro Tokugawa, took over the role
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# Colombia at the 1956 Summer Olympics
**Colombia at the 1956 Summer Olympics** in Melbourne, Australia was the nation\'s fourth appearance at the 13 edition of the Summer Olympic Games after having missed the twelfth edition of the Summer Games. An all-male national team of 26 athletes competed in 23 events in 6 sports.
## Athletics
Men\
Track & road events
Athlete Event Heat Quarterfinal
------------------ -------------- -------- ----------------- -------------- ------
Result Rank Result Rank Result Rank
Guillermo Zapata 110m hurdles 15.3 did not advance
## Cycling
Sprint
- Leon Mejia --- 12th place
Time trial
- Octavio Echeverry --- 1:14.8 (→ 15th place)
Team pursuit
- Héctor Monsalve\
Honorio Rúa\
Octavio Echeverry\
Ramón Hoyos --- 11th place
Team road race
- Ramón Hoyos\
Pablo Hurtado\
Jaime Villegas --- 92 points (→ 8th place)
Individual road race
- Ramón Hoyos --- 5:23:40 (→ 13th place)
- Pablo Hurtado --- 5:34:49 (→ 39th place)
- Jaime Villegas --- 5:34:49 (→ 40th place)
- Jorge Luque --- did not finish (→ no ranking)
## Fencing
Six fencers represented Colombia in 1956.
Men\'s foil
- Pablo Uribe
- Gabriel Blando
- Emilio Echeverry
Men\'s team foil
- Pablo Uribe, Emilio Echeverry, Gabriel Blando, Emiliano Camargo
Men\'s épée
- Emilio Echeverry
- Alfredo Yanguas
- Emiliano Camargo
Men\'s team épée
- Alfredo Yanguas, Emiliano Camargo, Emilio Echeverry, Pablo Uribe
Men\'s sabre
- Emilio Echeverry
- Alfredo Yanguas
- José del Carmen
## Shooting
Three shooters represented Colombia in 1956
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# HMS Landrail
Five ships of the Royal Navy and an air station of the Royal Naval Air Service have borne the name **HMS *Landrail***, another name for the bird more commonly named a corn crake:
- was a 4-gun schooner launched in 1806 and sold around 1816.
- was a wood paddle tug, previously in civilian service as *Gipsy King*. She was purchased in 1855 and sold in 1856.
- was a `{{sclass|Philomel|gunvessel|0}}`{=mediawiki} wood screw gunvessel launched in 1860 and sold into civilian service in 1869, being renamed *Walrus*. She was wrecked in October 1876
- was a *Curlew*-class torpedo gunvessel launched in 1886 and sunk as a target in 1906.
- was a `{{sclass|Laforey|destroyer (1913)|0}}`{=mediawiki} destroyer launched in 1914. She was to have been named HMS *Hotspur*, but was renamed in 1913. She was sold in 1921.
- HMS *Landrail* was the name given to RNAS Machrihanish, in commission between 1940 and 1963
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# Colombia at the 1960 Summer Olympics
**Colombia at the 1960 Summer Olympics** in Rome, Italy was nation\'s fifth appearance at the fourteenth edition of the Summer Olympic Games. An all-male national team of 16 athletes competed in 13 events in 5 sports.
## Cycling
Seven male cyclists represented Colombia in 1960.
Individual road race
- Rubén Darío Gómez
- Hernán Medina
- Ramón Hoyos
- Pablo Hurtado
Team time trial
- Rubén Darío Gómez
- Roberto Buitrago
- Pablo Hurtado
- Hernán Medina
Sprint
- Mario Vanegas
1000m time trial
- Diego Calero
## Diving
## Fencing
Two fencers represented Colombia in 1960.
Men\'s foil
- Jaime Duque
- Emilio Echeverry
Men\'s épée
- Jaime Duque
- Emilio Echeverry
Men\'s sabre
- Jaime Duque
- Emilio Echeverry
## Shooting
Three shooters represented Colombia in 1960
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# Colombia at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Colombia competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. 20 competitors, all men, took part in 19 events in 6 sports.
## Athletics
## Cycling
Eight cyclists represented Colombia in 1964.
Individual road race
- Martín Rodríguez
- Pablo Hernández
- Rubén Darío Gómez
- Mario Escobar
Team time trial
- Rubén Darío Gómez
- Pablo Hernández
- Javier Suárez
- Pedro Sánchez
Sprint
- Mario Vanegas
- Eduardo Bustos
1000m time trial
- Eduardo Bustos
Individual pursuit
- Martín Rodríguez
## Diving
## Fencing
Five fencers, all men, represented Colombia in 1964.
Men\'s foil
- Ignacio Posada
- Emilio Echeverry
- Dibier Tamayo
Men\'s team foil
- Ignacio Posada, Dibier Tamayo, Emilio Echeverry, Ernesto Sastre, Humberto Posada
Men\'s épée
- Dibier Tamayo
- Ernesto Sastre
- Emilio Echeverry
Men\'s team épée
- Emilio Echeverry, Ernesto Sastre, Dibier Tamayo, Humberto Posada
Men\'s sabre
- Ignacio Posada
- Emilio Echeverry
- Humberto Posada
## Shooting
One shooter represented Colombia in 1964
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# USS Perry (DD-844)
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{{Infobox ship image
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| 0 |
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# Colombia at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Colombia competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, Mexico. 43 competitors, 38 men and 5 women, took part in 33 events in 5 sports. They did not win any medals.
## Athletics
**Men\'s 100 metres**
- Jimmy Sierra
- Round 1 --- 10.8 s (→ 7th in heat, did not advance)
**Men\'s 200 metres**
- Pedro Grajales
- Round 1 --- 21.0 s (→ 4th in heat, did not advance)
**Men\'s 400 metres**
- Pedro Grajales
- Round 1 --- 46.7 s (→ 2nd in heat, advanced to round 2)
- Round 2 --- 46.5 s (→ 8th in heat, did not advance)
**Men\'s 10,000 metres**
- Álvaro Mejía --- 30:10.6 min (→ 10th place)
**Men\'s 10,000 metres**
- Hernán Barreneche --- DNS (→ no ranking)
**Men\'s 110 metres hurdles**
- Hernando Arrechea
- Round 1 --- 14.0 s (→ 5th in heat, did not advance)
## Cycling
Ten cyclists represented Colombia in 1968.
1000m time trial
- Jorge Hernández --- 1:09.24 min (→ 25th place)
Sprint
- Jaime Galeano
- Round 1 --- 2nd in heat (→ advanced to repechage)
- Repechage --- 3rd in heat (→ did not advance)
- Héctor Urrego
- Round 1 --- 2nd in heat (→ advanced to repechage)
- Repechage --- 3rd in heat (→ did not advance)
Individual pursuit
- Martín Rodríguez
- Qualification --- 4:45.38 min (→ 9th in trial, did not advance)
Team pursuit
- Luis Saldarriaga, Mario Vanegas, Severo Hernández, Martín Rodríguez
- Qualification --- 4:31.98 min (→ did not advance)
Individual road race
- Martín Rodríguez --- 4:43:58.49 hrs (→ 9th place)
- Álvaro Pachón --- 4:44:13.10 hrs (→ 15th place)
- Pedro Sánchez --- 4:46:37.94 hrs (→ 30th place)
- Miguel Samaca --- DNF (→ no ranking)
## Diving
**Men\'s 3 metre springboard**
- Roque Barjum (→ 24th place)
**Women\'s 3 metre springboard**
- Martha Manzano (→ 22nd place)
**Men\'s 10 metre platform**
- Diego Henao (→ 32nd place)
## Football
**Men\'s team competition**
- **Preliminary round (Group A)**
- Colombia -- Mexico 0-1
- Colombia -- Guinea 2-3
- Colombia -- France 2-1
- → 3rd in group, did not advance
- **Team roster**
- ( 1.) Otoniel Quintana
- ( 2.) Gabriel Hernández
- ( 3.) Luis Soto
- ( 4.) Oscar Muñoz
- ( 5.) Darío López
- ( 6.) Joaquín Pardo
- ( 7.) Pedro Ospina
- ( 8.) Germán Gonzalez
- ( 9.) Alfredo Arango
- (10.) Norman Ortiz
- (11.) Gustavo Santa
- (12.) Ramiro Viafara
- (13.) Alberto Escobar
- (14.) Gabriel Berdugo
- (15.) Javier Tamayo
- (16.) Alfonso Jaramillo
- (17.) Fabio Mosquera
| 444 |
Colombia at the 1968 Summer Olympics
| 0 |
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# Colombia at the 1968 Summer Olympics
## Swimming
**Men\'s 100 metres freestyle**
- Federico Sicard
- Heats --- 59.0 s (→ 6th in heat, did not advance)
- Ricardo González
- Heats --- 57.0 s (→ 6th in heat, did not advance)
**Women\'s 100 metres freestyle**
- Patricia Olano
- Heats --- 1:05.3 min (→ 6th in heat, did not advance)
**Men\'s 200 metres freestyle**
- Federico Sicard
- Heats --- 2:11.1 min (→ 5th in heat, did not advance)
- Ricardo González
- Heats --- 2:05.8 min (→ 5th in heat, did not advance)
- Julio Arango
- Heats --- 2:03.1 min (→ 2nd in heat, did not advance)
**Women\'s 200 metres freestyle**
- Patricia Olano
- Heats --- 2:25.1 min (→ 5th in heat, did not advance)
**Men\'s 400 metres freestyle**
- Julio Arango
- Heats --- 4:25.8 min (→ 4th in heat, did not advance)
**Women\'s 400 metres freestyle**
- Patricia Olano
- Heats --- 5:01.8 min (→ 5th in heat, did not advance)
- Olga de Angulo
- Heats --- 5:08.6 min (→ 3rd in heat, did not advance)
**Women\'s 800 metres freestyle**
- Patricia Olano
- Heats --- 10:44.1 min (→ 4th in heat, did not advance)
- Olga de Angulo
- Heats --- 10:40.5 min (→ 5th in heat, did not advance)
**Men\'s 1500 metres freestyle**
- Julio Arango
- Heats --- 11:53.1 min (→ 4th in heat, did not advance)
- Tomás Becerra
- Heats --- DNS (→ no ranking)
**Men\'s 100 metres breaststroke**
- Ivan Gonima
- Heats --- 1:15.1 min (→ 7th in heat, did not advance)
**Men\'s 200 metres breaststroke**
- Ivan Gonima
- Heats --- 2:45.0 min (→ 6th in heat, did not advance)
**Men\'s 100 metres butterfly**
- Tomás Becerra
- Heats --- 1:02.2 min (→ 6th in heat, did not advance)
**Women\'s 100 metres butterfly**
- Carmen Gómez
- Heats --- 1:14.7 min (→ 4th in heat, did not advance)
**Men\'s 200 metres butterfly**
- Tomás Becerra
- Heats --- 2:16.8 min (→ 4th in heat, did not advance)
**Women\'s 200 metres butterfly**
- Carmen Gómez
- Heats --- 2:44.7 min (→ 5th in heat, did not advance)
**Women\'s 200 metres individual medley**
- Nelly Syro
- Heats --- 2:55.7 min (→ 5th in heat, did not advance)
- Olga de Angulo
- Heats --- 2:48.7 min (→ 7th in heat, did not advance)
**Men\'s 400 metres individual medley**
- Tomás Becerra
- Heats --- 5:09.7 min (→ 5th in heat, did not advance)
**Women\'s 400 metres individual medley**
- Olga de Angulo
- Heats --- 6:00.6 min (→ 5th in heat, did not advance)
- Patricia Olano
- Heats --- 5:52.6 min (→ 5th in heat, did not advance)
- Nelly Syro
- Heats --- 6:13.1 min (→ 5th in heat, did not advance)
**Men\'s 4x100 metres freestyle relay**
- Julio Arango, Federico Sicard, Tomás Becerra, Ricardo González
- Heats --- 3:51.5 min (→ 7th in heat, did not advance)
**Men\'s 4x200 metres freestyle relay**
- Tomás Becerra, Federico Sicard, Ricardo González, Julio Arango
- Heats --- 8:26
| 513 |
Colombia at the 1968 Summer Olympics
| 1 |
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# Punnami Naagu (1980 film)
***Punnami Naagu*** is a 1980 Indian Telugu-language horror drama film directed by Rajasekhar and produced by AVM Productions. The film brought recognition to Chiranjeevi and his first Filmfare nomination. The other leads in the film, including Rati Agnihotri, Narasimha Raju and Padmanabham played important roles. The film was released on 13 June 1980. It is a remake of the director\'s own Kannada film *Hunnimeya Rathriyalli*. It also marked the Telugu debut for Malayalam actress, Menaka G. Suresh.
## Plot
Naagulu, a snake charmer, falls in love with Poorna, whose adopted brother Ravi is in love with Naagulu\'s cousin Lakshmi. Naagulu\'s father has been mixing snake venom into his food since childhood, making Naagulu immune to any snake bite. Every full moon, Naagulu behaves like a cobra and searches for a woman and every woman he meets dies from his poison. On one such full moon, he kills Poorna and Ravi gets suspicious about this, as there are no marks of a snake bite on her body. A young teacher comes to the village and becomes Naagulu\'s victim. Ravi investigates with the help of film in her still camera and discovers that Naagulu appears as a snake in a photo she took of him. Naagulu\'s father reveals his secret before dying and Naagulu tries to find a remedy, but it\'s too late for that. His skin starts peeling off like a snake and Ravi advises him to leave the village before villagers find and kill him. Naagulu prefers death to the life of a snake and commits suicide from a hilltop.
## Cast
## Production
Chiranjeevi agreed to act in the film despite limited availability. Due to this, he would shoot his scenes only in the evenings
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# Ontario Highway 21
**King\'s Highway 21**, commonly referred to as **Highway 21**, is a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario that begins at Highway 402 midway between Sarnia and London and ends at Highway 6, Highway 10 and Highway 26 in Owen Sound. The roadway is referred to as the **Bluewater Highway** because it remains very close to the eastern shoreline of Lake Huron.
Highway 21 was first designated by the Department of Highways (DHO) between Highway 3 and Highway 7 in mid-1927 and extended to Goderich in 1934. A year later, a final extension completed the route to Owen Sound. In 1997 and 1998, the portion of the route south of Highway 402 was transferred to the counties in which it laid. This segment is also known as **Oil Heritage Road**.
Highway 21 is often subject to winter closures due to lake effect caused by snowsquall, which can create sudden whiteout conditions along the Lake Huron shoreline. Several Emergency Detour Routes have been established further inland to guide drivers around such closures. Care should be taken during the winter months, as the storms can progress rapidly and unexpectedly.
## Route description {#route_description}
Highway 21 is a long lakeside route through Southwestern Ontario, which serves numerous communities along the eastern shoreline of Lake Huron. Once over 100 km longer than it is today, the highway now begins at Highway 402 near the community of Warwick, where it progresses north through the towns of Forest, Grand Bend, Goderich, Point Clark, Kincardine, Tiverton, Port Elgin, and Southampton. At Southampton, the highway veers away from the Lake Huron shoreline and travels east to Owen Sound.
The route is generally smoothly-flowing, but can be somewhat congested through towns during the summer from tourists and cottagers. Highway 21 is often subject to closures at various points as it lies on the lee shore of Lake Huron. Lake effect snow squalls frequently subject motorists to poor visibility and slippery conditions, leading to whiteout conditions. The Ontario Provincial Police claim that the road is the most-commonly closed in the province.
The highway begins at Exit 34 and progresses north towards Lake Huron. The mostly-straight section of the route lies within Lambton County and passes through the town of Forest. Near Kettle Point, the route abruptly curves north west and begins to parallel the shore of the lake, providing access to the village of Port Franks and The Pinery Provincial Park prior to entering Grand Bend. North of that village, the highway crosses into Huron County and intersects former Highway 83. Between there and Goderich, the west side of the highway is dominated by roads providing access to shoreline cottages.
At Goderich, the route encounters Highway 8, then crosses the Maitland River along a bypass constructed during the early 1960s; the original routing followed portions of Saltford Street and River Ridge Crescent. The highway proceeds straight north as the baseline at the shore of Lake Huron until it reaches Sheppardton. There the surveying grid changes orientation, and Highway 21 follows a forced road allowance that meanders approximately 2 km inland from lake north to Amberley, where it encounters former Highway 86, which travels to Waterloo, and enters. The route curves northeast as it enters Bruce County to align with the surveying grid and proceeds out of Amberley towards Kincardine.
Between Amberley and Tiverton, Highway 21 travels straight-as-an-arrow along what was originally a rural concession road through the hamlets of Reid\'s Corners, Pine River, Huron Ridge and Slade. It bypasses inland of Kincardine, intersecting the western terminus of Highway 9. Within Tiverton, which acts as the primary town serving Bruce Nuclear Generating Station, traffic must turn to remain on Highway 21. As it exits southeast from the town, the highway makes a broad curve to the northeast and continues through the hamlets of Underwood and North Bruce.
As it approaches the southern end of the Bruce Peninsula, the route bisects Port Elgin, then curves abruptly towards Lake Huron and passes through Southampton before curving to the east towards Owen Sound. Between those two places, the highway is generally straight, except at the boundary between Bruce and Grey Counties as well as the descent of the Niagara Escarpment at Springmount. Several communities line the inland stretch of highway, including Chippewa Hill, Kelly\'s Corners, Elsinore, Allenford, Alvanley and Jackson. At Springmount, the route encounters Highway 6, which joins Highway 21 to form Ontario\'s only wrong-way concurrency east to Owen Sound.
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# Ontario Highway 21
## History
Highway 21 was the first King\'s Highway in Lambton County when it was assumed in 1927 between Highway 3 at Morpeth and Highway 7 at Reece\'s Corners. The original section of highway was rebuilt from a muddy trail to a plank road around 1860. When James Miller Williams, a Hamilton businessman, set out one day during a drought to dig a well, he chose a spot downhill from an existing oil seep in the village of Black Creek. Instead of encountering water, Williams hit a shallow oil deposit. As a result of the ensuing oil boom, which would begin the petroleum industry in North America, Williams laid out the village and changed its name to Oil Springs. Two competing plank road companies were formed, the Black Creek Plank Road Company (of which Williams was a principal investor) and the Sarnia to Florence Plank Road Company, both of which aimed their roads through Oil Springs. Although both roads were constructed, the former company was more prosperous in its endeavours; in 1886, a significant portion of the Sarnia to Florence Plank Road was closed up and turned over to local property owners. The Black Creek Plank Road Company meanwhile had transformed the muddy quagmire of a path into a well-maintained road. By 1863, three miles of road south of Wyoming had been paved, and the remainder south to Oil Springs planked (the Sarnia Road followed two years later). However, as the oil boom faded, so too did improvement to the road.
On May 25 and June 1, 1927, the Department of Highways assumed the unpaved road between Highway 7 at Reece\'s Corner and Highway 3 at Morpeth, via Dresden, Thamesville and Ridgetown as *Provincial Highway 21*, which was changed to the current *King\'s Highway 21* in 1930. That year, the department set out to improve the new highway. Concrete slabs were laid between Petrolia and Highway 7, as well as along a 7.25 km section between Thamesville and Dresden. The following year, the route was paved between Dresden and Edys Mills before the effects of the Great Depression forced the department to concentrate on paving Highway 22. The election of a new government in mid-1934 led to the resumption of work in June as a depression relief project. New equipment (namely a Caterpillar Excavator), as well as the expertise of Andy Newman, an engineer who was hired when he demonstrated his abilities with the machinery upon passing a construction site on his drive home. Newman, who helped design the machine that nobody else could operate, allowed work to proceed at a much faster rate than before. The machinery could dig quicker than 50 men, and the effort showed when the gap between Petrolia and Edys Mills and the remaining gaps between Dresden and Thamesville were graded and paved by the end of the summer. On October 19, 1934, Highway 21 was officially opened by Robert Mellville Smith, deputy minister of the Department of Highways.
On April 4, 1934, Highway 21 was assumed through Huron County as far north as Goderich, which was followed by the assumption of a section through Bosanquet Township on April 18, creating a 40.6 km concurrency with Highway 7 from Reece\'s Corners to Thedford. From there, the route travelled through Thedford to Port Franks, where it merged into the present highway. A final 137.4 km extension to Owen Sound was assumed on May 15, 1935, bringing the highway to its greatest length of 333.1 km.
Meanwhile, on April 11, 1934, the department assumed control of a road connecting Highway 7 with Forest as Highway 21A. It was later extended to connect with Highway 21 at Port Franks on August 19, 1936. By 1938, Highway 21A had been renumbered as Highway 21, and Highway 21 through Thedford renumbered as Highway 82.
Beginning in 1960, a small bypass of Highway 21 was constructed on the north side of Goderich, avoiding a nearby hairpin turn. The 160 m curving structure over the Maitland River was completed in mid-1961 at a cost of C\$1.39 million and opened ceremoniously on July 17, 1962.
During the early 1980s, the construction of Highway 402 east from Sarnia resulted in a shift in the route of the highway. The route was extended north from Reece\'s Corners to Exit 25, while the section from Highway 7 north to Exit 34 was *\"downloaded\"*, or transferred to the local municipality in which it resided. With Highway 402 as the connecting provincial link between the two segments of Highway 21, the two parclo interchanges each include a directional ramp to facilitate traffic.
Further transfers were performed in 1997 and 1998. On April 1, 1997, the section of Highway 21 from Highway 401 south to Morpeth was transferred to Kent County. On January 1, 1998, the section between Highway 401 and Highway 402 was transferred to Kent and Lambton counties
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# Intiguttu (1984 film)
**Intiguttu** or **Inti Guttu** is a Tollywood film that was released on 14 September 1984 and was directed by K. Bapayya. This film had Chiranjeevi, Nalini, Suhasini, and Kaikala Satyanarayana in important roles. The movie is a remake of the 1964 Tamil movie *Panakkara Kudumbam*
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# Pepper (volleyball)
In volleyball, **pepper**, usually used as a verb, is a very popular warm-up drill, generally involving two players. Pepper is the most common drill performed by played during the ten minute allotted warmup time before a match. This drill is used to practice and perfect ball control. It originated from a drill traditionally used in baseball. This drill involved catching and throwing back and forth quickly, similarly to the quick movements of pepper. Variations with more players exist. (Similar to the Law of Hyena)
To pepper, two players face each other separated by a distance of 5--20 feet (2--6 meters). Distances vary based upon the players\' preference. Player 2 starts by hitting or tossing a volleyball to player 1. Player 1 then passes the ball back to player 2 starting the drill. Player 2 sets the ball back to player 1. Player 1 spikes the ball back, forcing player 2 to dig the ball where player 1 can set it, allowing player 2 to spike it. Player 1 passes the spiked ball, and the cycle starts over again.
One full cycle of the drill is laid out in the following table
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# Fantasia (Fantasia album)
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{{album chart|Billboard200|19|artist=Fantasia|rowheader=true|access-date=July 20, 2023|refname="Billboard200"}}
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| 21 |
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| 0 |
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# The Queen's Book of the Red Cross
***The Queen\'s Book of the Red Cross*** was published in November 1939 in a fundraising effort to aid the Red Cross during World War II. The book was sponsored by Queen Elizabeth, and its contents were contributed by fifty British authors and artists.
## List of authors and artists {#list_of_authors_and_artists}
### Authors
- A. E. W. Mason, \"The Conjurer\", a story
- Hugh Walpole, \"The Church in the Snow\", a story
- John Masefield, \"Red Cross\", a poem
- Ian Hay, \"The Man Who Had Something Against Him\"
- Charles Morgan, \"Creative Imagination\", an essay
- D. L. Murray, \"Only a Sojer!\", a story
- T. S. Eliot, \"The Marching Song of the Pollicle Dogs\", a poem
- T. S. Eliot, \"Billy M\'Caw: The Remarkable Parrot\", a poem
- H. M. Tomlinson, \"Ports of Call\", a story
- A. A. Milne, \"The General Takes Off His Helmet\", a play
- Cecil Roberts, \"Down Ferry Lane\"
- E. M. Delafield, \"The Provincial Lady in War-time\", a story
- Cedric Hardwicke, \"One Man in His Time Plays Many Parts\"
- Daphne du Maurier, \"The Escort\", a story
- Ann Bridge, \"Looking Back on May the Sixth, 1935\"
- Jan Struther, \"Mrs. Miniver Makes a List\", a story
- Eric Ambler, \"The Army of Shadows\", a story
- Howard Marshall, \"The Fisherman\'s England\"
- Humfrey Jordan, \"The Boatswain Yawned\", a story
- Alfred Noyes, \"A Child\'s Gallop\", a poem
- Alfred Noyes, \"The Stranger\", a poem
- O. Douglas, \"Such an Odd War!\", a story
- Howard Spring, \"Christmas Honeymoon\", a story
- Dorothy Whipple, \"No Robbery\", a story
- Lord Mottistone, \"Tell Them, Warrior\"
- L. A. G. Strong, \"A Gift from Christy Keogh\", a story
- Walter de la Mare, \"And So To Bed\", a poem
- Walter de la Mare, \"Joy\", a poem
- Denis Mackail, \"It\'s the Thought That Counts\", a story
- Gracie Fields, \"On Getting Better\"
- C. H. Middleton, \"Keep That Garden Going\"
- Georgette Heyer, \"Pursuit\", a story
- Edith Evans, \"The Patriotism of Shakespeare\", an essay
- H. C. Bailey, \"The Thistle Down\", a story
- C. Day-Lewis, \"Orpheus and Eurydice\", a translation from Virgil\'s \"Georgics\"
- Ruby Ferguson, \"Mrs. Memmary\'s Visitors\", a story
- J. B. Morton, \"A Love Song\"
- Frank Smythe, \"The Crag\"
- Mary Thomas, \"Our Knitting Forces\"
- Collie Knox, \"This Flag Still Flies over All Mankind\", homage to the Red Cross
### Artists
- Cecil Beaton, a photograph of the Queen
- William Russell Flint, *The Words of His Majesty the King*, a picture
- Edmund Dulac, a picture
- Frank Brangwyn, a picture
- J
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# Oz (1976 film)
***Oz*** (a.k.a. ***Oz -- A Rock \'n\' Roll Road Movie*** also released as ***20th Century Oz*** in United States) is a 1976 Australian film written, directed and co-produced by Chris Löfvén. It stars Joy Dunstan, Graham Matters, Bruce Spence, Gary Waddell, and Robin Ramsay; and received four nominations at the 1977 AFI Awards. The musical score is by Ross Wilson (frontman for Daddy Cool and Mondo Rock). The plot is a re-imagining of the 1939 *The Wizard of Oz* film transferred to 1970s Australia and aimed at an older teen / young adult audience. It was released on DVD in 2004 as *Oz - A Rock \'n\' Roll Road Movie : Collector\'s Edition* with additional material. The poster and album sleeve for the American release was done by rock artist Jim Evans.
## Plot summary {#plot_summary}
Dorothy (Joy Dunstan) is a sixteen-year-old groupie riding with a rock band, Wally (Graham Matters) and the Falcons. Suddenly, the van is in a road accident, and she hits her head. She wakes up in a fantasy world as gritty and realistic as the one she came from and learns she killed a young thug in the process. A gay clothier, Glin the Good Fairy (Robin Ramsay), gives her a pair of red shoes as a reward to help her see the last concert of the Wizard (Matters), an androgynous glam rock singer. She is pursued by the thug\'s brother (Ned Kelly) who attempts to kidnap and rape her on several occasions. She also meets a dumb surfer Blondie (Bruce Spence), a heartless mechanic Greaseball (Michael Carman), and a tough biker Killer (Garry Waddell).
## Cast
- Joy Dunstan as Dorothy
- Robin Ramsay as Glynn the Good Fairy
- Graham Matters as Wally/the Wizard/record salesman/tram conductor
- Bruce Spence as bass player/surfer
- Michael Carman as drummer/mechanic
- Gary Waddell as guitarist/biker
## Production
Chris Löfvén and Lyne Helms got the idea to make an Australian version of *The Wizard of Oz* while working in London in the early 1970s. Löfvén was also inspired by David Bowie and wanted Graham Matters to feature.
They moved back to Australia in September 1974, and house sat at the house of David Williamson for six months writing the script (Löfvén\'s sister Kristen was married to Williamson). The first draft was rejected for funding but the second got some development from the Australian Film Development Corporation in March 1975, shortly before it became the Australian Film Commission.
The budget was \$150,000 with \$260,000 in contra deals. The Australian Film Commission invested \$90,000 plus a loan of \$25,000 and Greater Union put in \$25,000 with the rest from private investment. The money took six months to raise.
Joy Dunstan was a singer and theatre actress who was cast after Löfvén saw her singing at the Flying Trapeze cafe. It was her first movie.
The film was shot in early 1976 over a five-week period near Melbourne.
## Release
The film was a commercial disappointment on release in Australia despite receiving some excellent reviews. It may have been hurt by the fact the soundtrack was not ready before the film came out in July. However the movie was released in the US and was one of the highest-grossing Australian films there, grossing over \$1 million before its release in the largest markets in New York and Los Angeles, and has become a cult movie.
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| 0 |
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# Oz (1976 film)
## Soundtrack
Wilson, Gary Young and Wayne Burt were all former members of Daddy Cool. Their biggest hit single \"Eagle Rock\" had a promo video directed by Löfvén in 1971. By late 1975, Daddy Cool had disbanded and Wilson was waiting out his contract with Wizard Records by producing a Company Caine album for his own label Oz Records. Wilson signed Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons with members Young and Burt to his label. Once he became contractually free, Wilson recorded his first solo single \"Livin\' in the Land of Oz\" and produced Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons\' second single \"Beating Around the Bush\" both released mid-1976 from this soundtrack. The soundtrack also included two versions by Graham Matters of The Missing Links\' \"You\'re Driving Me Insane\", written by the band\'s drummer Baden Hutchins and released on their self-titled 1965 album. The inclusion of this song, by a largely forgotten and long-disbanded Australian group, was a nod to Australia\'s \'sixties punk\' heritage. Early the following year The Saints would release their cover of another Missing Links song, \'Wild About You\'.
### Track listing {#track_listing}
Track listing for Australian version *Oz - A Rock \'n\' Roll Road Movie* released on EMI in 1976; US version *20th Century Oz* released on Celestial Records in 1977.
1. \"Livin\' in the Land of Oz\" (Ross Wilson) --- Ross Wilson - 4:12
2. \"The Mood\" (Wilson) --- Ross Wilson - 3:31
3. \"Beating Around the Bush\" (Wayne Burt) --- Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons - 3:30
4. \"Our Warm Tender Love\" (Gary Young) --- Joy Dunstan - 3:46
5. \"You\'re Driving Me Insane\" (Baden Hutchins) --- Graham Matters - 3:25
6. \"Livin\' in the Land of Oz\" (Reprise #1) --- Ross Wilson - 1:43
7. \"Greaseball\" (Wilson) --- Ross Wilson - 3:43
8. \"Glad I\'m Living Here\" (Burt) --- Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons - 4:07
9. \"Who\'s Gonna Love You Tonight\" (Wilson, David Pepperell) --- Ross Wilson - 4:41
10. \"You\'re Driving Me Insane\" (Reprise) --- Graham Matters - 5:53
11. \"Livin\' in the Land of Oz\" (Reprise #2) --- Ross Wilson - 1:45
12. \"Atmospherics\" (Wilson, John French, Ian Mason) --- Ross Wilson - 1:35
All songwriters according to Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA)
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# Lebanon at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Lebanon competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, Great Britain, which was held from 29 July to 14 August 1948. This was the country\'s first appearance in the Summer Olympic Games, following Lebanon\'s independence in 1943. The Lebanese Olympic Committee was founded in 1946 and officially recognized by the International Olympic Committee a year later. The Lebanese delegation was made up of eight male competitors: boxer Michel Ghaoui, shooters Khalil Hilmi and Salem Salam, and wrestlers Bechara Abou Rejalie, Charif Damage, Ibrahim Mahgoub, Abdallah Sidani, and Safi Taha.
In its Summer Games debut, Lebanon failed to win any medals. Ghaoui lost his first bout in the featherweight boxing competition. Hilmi\'s best finish was 50th place in the 50 metre pistol event, while Salam finished 70th in the 50 metre rifle, prone event. Rejalie and Mahgoub lost their opening bouts in the lightweight freestyle wrestling and light heavyweight Greco-Roman wrestling competitions, respectively. Sidani dropped his second bout in the flyweight Greco-Roman wrestling competition, while Taha finished 6th in the featherweight Greco-Roman wrestling contest and Damage finished 4th in the lightweight Greco-Roman wrestling competition.
## Background
While under French administration during the 1920s, Greater Lebanon saw the formation of numerous clubs form in sports such as football, swimming, skiing, combat sports, and athletics. The first federations to organize these clubs were founded in 1933. Prior to Lebanon\'s first appearance in a Summer Olympic Games, an official Lebanese delegation of Lebanese Football Association representatives, led by association president Pierre Gemayel, attended the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany. There, Gemayel was influenced by the German people\'s nationalism and discipline, which influenced him to establish the right-wing Kataeb Party.
The Republic of Lebanon declared independence from France on 22 November 1943, and officially gained it on 24 October 1945. One year later, on 28 December 1946, the Lebanese Olympic Committee was founded by national decree 1350 and was officially recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on 22 November 1947. Following advice from Greek IOC representative Angelo Bolanaki, Sheik Gabriel Gemayel, of the Gemayel family, was the first president of the committee. Following recognition, Lebanon competed in its first ever Olympic Games during the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland.
Five months later, Lebanon sent a delegation of eight men to represent the nation for the 1948 Summer Games in London. The London Games, held from 29 July to 14 August 1948, hosted 4,104 athletes from 59 countries in 139 events. At the Games, Fawzy Shehadi served as the delegation\'s attaché, and the Lebanese were housed at the Greenford County School in the western borough of Ealing, along with the Greek and Syrian delegations.
## Boxing
Michel Ghaoui was Lebanon\'s sole boxing representative for the 1948 Summer Games. Despite winning the 1947 national boxing championship in the bantamweight division, he boxed in the featherweight competition for the Olympics. On 7 August at the Wembley Arena, Ghaoui faced Manuel Videla of Chile in the round of 32 match. Ghaoui lost the bout by decision. Ultimately, Ernesto Formenti of Italy won the gold medal in the event.
+---------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+------------+-------+
| Athlete | Event | Round of 32 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final |
+===============+===============+=========================================================+=================+===============+============+=======+
| Opposition\ | Opposition\ | Opposition\ | Opposition\ | Opposition\ | Rank | |
| Result | Result | Result | Result | Result | | |
+---------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+------------+-------+
| Michel Ghaoui | Featherweight | {{#invoke:flag\|IOCathlete\|Videla\|CHI\|1948 Summer}}\ | Did not advance | | | |
| | | **L** *by decision* | | | | |
+---------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+------------+-------+
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| 0 |
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# Lebanon at the 1948 Summer Olympics
## Shooting
Lebanon sent two shooters to the 1948 Summer Games. Khalil Hilmi competed in the Games\' two pistol events. In the 50 metre pistol event on 3 August, Hilmi scored 56 out of 100 points in the first round, 56 in the second, 61 in the third, 58 in the fourth, 47 in the fifth, and 53 in the sixth. With 331 points out of a possible 600, Hilmi ranked last in the 50-person field, finishing 139 points behind the next-ranked shooter, Enrique Tejeda of Cuba. Edwin Vásquez of Peru took gold in this event, scoring 545 points. The following day, Hilmi competed in the 25 metre rapid fire pistol event. Hilmi hit 53 of the 60 targets to place him in 57th place in a field of 59. Though not factored into his ranking, Hilmi finished with a score of 228 out of 300 in the first round and 195 in the second, for a total of 423 points out of a possible 600. Gold medal-winner Károly Takács of Hungary hit all 60 targets and finished with a score of 580.
Salem Salam competed in the 50 metre rifle, prone event, on 3 August. He finished with 94 out of 100 points in the first round, 93 in the second, 89 in the third, 87 in the fourth, 87 in the fifth, and 94 in the sixth. Finishing with 544 points out of 600, he finished 70th in a field of 71, 33 points ahead of last-ranked Samad Mollazal of Iran, while 55 points behind gold medal-winner Arthur Cook of the United States.
Athlete Event Final
-------------- ---------------------------- -------
Points Rank
Khalil Hilmi 25 metre rapid fire pistol 423
50 metre pistol 331
Salem Salam 50 metre rifle, prone 544
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# Lebanon at the 1948 Summer Olympics
## Wrestling
Five wrestlers competed for Lebanon during the 1948 Summer Games, with all wrestling events held at the Earls Court Exhibition Centre. Bechara Abou Rejalie was the sole freestyle wrestler for the country, who competed in the lightweight competition. In the first round on 29 July, Rejalie wrestled Kim Seog-yeong of South Korea. Rejalie retired during the match and did not return to the competition, placing him tied for 17th with José Luis Pérez of Mexico, who also withdrew after his loss. Celal Atik of Turkey won the gold medal in this event.
There were four Greco-Roman wrestlers for Lebanon. Abdallah Sidani competed in the flyweight competition. On 3 August, during the first round, he lost to Edmond Faure of France by decision, though Sidani was only marked with two points as the judges were not unanimous in their decision. However, during the second round on 4 August, he was pinned by Manuel Varela of Argentina in the ninth minute, scoring three additional points. This brought Sidani to the maximum of five points, eliminating him. Sidani ranked 10th in the competition, which was won by Pietro Lombardi of Italy.
In the featherweight contest, Safi Taha quickly pinned Raymond Strasser of Luxembourg during the first round on 3 August. Taking only 1 minute and 46 seconds, Taha\'s bout was the quickest of that round. His success continued in round two the following day, when he defeated Antoine Merle of France by decision, adding a point to his total. During the third round on 5 August, Taha was pinned by Georg Weidner of Austria in the eleventh minute, docking him three points. That same day, a loss to Luigi Campanella of Italy by decision in the fourth round saw Taha total seven points, eliminating him from the competition and placing him in sixth, tying him with three other wrestlers: El-Sayed Mohamed Kandil of Egypt, Egil Solsvik of Norway, and Erkki Talosela of Finland. Mehmet Oktav of Turkey won the gold in this event. Two years later, Taha would capture silver in the Greco-Roman featherweight division of the 1950 World Wrestling Championships.
Charif Damage wrestled in the lightweight competition. He started with a win in the eleventh minute by pin against Luis Rosado of Argentina in the first round on 3 August. In the second round on 4 August, Damage defeated Abraham Kurland of Denmark by decision, adding a point to his total. During the third round on 5 August, Damage defeating Ahmet Şenol of Turkey by decision, accumulating another point by doing so. During the fourth round later that day, Damage once again won by decision against Georgios Petmezas of Greece. With that win, Damage was one of the last four wrestlers in the tournament, totaling three points going into the fifth round on 6 August. However, Damage lost his matchup against Aage Eriksen of Norway by decision, putting his point total at six. While this should have eliminated him, Károly Ferencz of Hungary also lost his match, placing him at six points as well. This prompted a tie-breaker sixth round match to determine the bronze medal winner. The match ended with Damage losing to Ferencz by a non-unanimous decision, leaving Damage in fourth place, while Gustav Freij of Sweden won the gold, beating Eriksen in the final match.
In the light heavyweight division, Ibrahim Mahgoub lost to Erling Stuer Lauridsen of Denmark by decision in the first round on 3 August, costing him three points. Prior to the second round on 4 August, Maghoub failed to weigh in for his bout, disqualifying him from the contest and placing him in 11th, tied with three other wrestlers who lost both of their first two bouts: Albin Dannacher of Switzerland, Athanasios Kambaflis of Greece, and Adolfo Ramírez of Argentina. Karl-Erik Nilsson of Sweden won the gold for this event. `{{smalldiv|1=<nowiki/>
'''Key''':
* VT – [[Pin (amateur wrestling)|Victory by fall]].
* VB – Victory by injury (VF for forfeit, VA for withdrawal or disqualification)
* PP – Decision by points – the loser with technical points.
* PO – Decision by points – the loser without technical points
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# James B. Duke Professor
At Duke University, the title of **James B. Duke Distinguished Professor** is given to a small number of the faculty with extraordinary records of achievement. At some universities, titles like \"distinguished professor\", \"institute professor\", or \"regents professor\" are counterparts of this title. Two Nobel laureates (Robert Lefkowitz and Paul L. Modrich) served as James B. Duke Professors, and another, Ingrid Daubechies received the National Medal of Science.[1](https://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2025/01/duke-university-ingrid-daubechies-national-medal-of-science-mathematics-professor-signal-processing-research-wavelet-theory-fourteen-honorees)
## Current James B. Duke Distinguished Professors {#current_james_b._duke_distinguished_professors}
From the faculty listing available from the Duke University Office of the Provost.
- David Aers --- English
- Huiman Xie Barnhart --- biostatistics and bioinformatics
- Lorena S. Beese --- biochemistry
- Emily Bernhardt --- biology
- Eduardo Bonilla-Silva --- sociology
- Richard Brennan --- biochemistry
- Blanche Capel --- cell biology
- Patrick J. Casey --- pharmacology and cancer biology
- Bruce Donald --- computer science
- Victor Dzau --- medicine
- Erica Field --- economics
- Susan Halabi --- biostatistics and bioinformatics
- Mark B.N. Hansen --- literature
- Joseph Heitman --- molecular genetics and microbiology
- Homme Hellinga --- biochemistry
- Jack D. Keene - molecular genetics and microbiology
- Garnett H. Kelsoe --- immunology
- Rachel Kranton --- economics
- Eric Laber --- statistical science
- Hedwig Lee --- sociology
- Jianfeng Lu --- mathematics
- Douglas Marchuk --- molecular genetics and microbiology
- Paula D. McClain --- political science
- Toril Moi --- literature
- Berndt Mueller --- physics
- Mark Anthony Neal --- African and African American Studies
- David Page --- biostatistics and bioinformatics
- John R. Perfect --- medicine
- Kenneth D. Poss --- regenerative biology
- Sumathi Ramaswamy --- history
- John F. Rawls --- molecular genetics and microbiology
- Michael Reiter --- computer science
- Jane S. Richardson --- biochemistry
- Guillermo Sapiro --- electrical and computer engineering
- David Smith --- electrical and computer engineering
- Ralph Snyderman --- medicine
- Beth Sullivan --- molecular genetics and microbiology
- Warren S. Warren --- chemistry
- Kevin Weinfurt --- population health sciences
- Mark Wiesner --- civil and environmental engineering
- Pei Zhou - biochemistry
## James B. Duke Distinguished Professors Emeriti {#james_b._duke_distinguished_professors_emeriti}
- Allen Buchanan (emeritus) --- philosophy
- Rick Durrett (emeritus) --- mathematics
- Harold P. Erickson (emeritus) --- cell biology
- Owen Flanagan (emeritus) --- philosophy
- Alan Enoch Gelfand (emeritus) --- statistical science
- Karla F.C. Holloway (emerita) --- English
- Donald L. Horowitz (emeritus) --- law and political science
- Paul L. Modrich (emeritus) --- biochemistry
- Orrin H. Pilkey --- Earth sciences
- Anne E. Pusey (emerita) --- evolutionary anthropology
- David G. Schaeffer (emeritus) --- mathematics
- J. E. R. Staddon (emeritus) --- psychology and neuroscience
- Robert Winkler (emeritus) --- business administration
- Ingrid Daubechies (emeritus) --- mathematics
## Former James B. Duke Distinguished Professors {#former_james_b._duke_distinguished_professors}
- Hashim M. Al-Hashimi --- biochemistry
- Dan Ariely --- behavioral economics
- Robert Behringer`{{Circular reference|date=March 2019}}`{=mediawiki} - physics
- Vann Bennett --- medicine
- Ralph J. Braibanti --- political science
- Louis J. Budd --- English literature
- Linda Burton --- sociology
- Leonard Carlitz --- mathematics
- Marc G. Caron --- cell biology
- Bryan Cullen --- virology
- John Shelton Curtiss --- history
- Wallace Fowlie --- French literature
- John Hope Franklin --- history
- Craufurd Goodwin --- economics
- Joseph C. Greenfield --- medicine
- Jerry Hough --- political science
- Allen C. Kelley --- economics
- Robert Keohane --- political science
- Sally Kornbluth --- pharmacology
- Paul J. Kramer --- biology
- William R. Krigbaum --- chemistry
- Robert Lefkowitz --- biochemistry
- Kam W. Leong --- biomedical engineering
- Daniel J. Lew --- pharmacology and cancer biology
- Sarah H. Lisanby --- medicine
- David R. Morrison --- mathematics
- Reynolds Price --- English literature
- Knut Schmidt-Nielsen --- biology
- Joseph J
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# Saint Sidwell
**Sidwell** (also known as **Sidwella** and other minor variants; *Sativola*) was a virgin saint from the English county of Devon, She is the patroness saint of Exeter and sister to Juthwara.
## Legend
Sidwell was a Saxon Christian living in Exeter in the 8th century. Her father was a wealthy landowner named Benna, who died leaving his daughter in the care of a cruel stepmother, who was jealous of her beauty and virtue and coveted her inheritance.
Sidwell often left the city to bring food to the villagers working the fields outside the city walls. The *Catalogus Sanctorum Pausantium in Anglia* says she was beheaded by a couple of corn reapers, hired to do so by her stepmother. They cut off her head with a scythe, and where her head came to rest, water sprang up. A shaft of light shone over the site for three nights. She was buried at St Sidwells. Her ghost was reputedly seen carrying her severed head and putting it back on her shoulders at the spot where she was later buried. The story bears a striking similarity to that of both Urith and Juthwara of Sherborne, her supposed sister.
(The springs at St Sidwell\'s had existed since Roman times, and had been tapped for the needs of the city with the water piped via wooden aqueducts to supply the citadel. The fort was abandoned around the year 75 when the troops were relocated to Isca Augusta.)
The spring became the Well of St Sidwell, near the corner of present-day Well Street and York Road. It was a place of pilgrimage in Anglo-Saxon and Norman England. It can now be found inside the building at Number 3, Well Street.
## Veneration
The cultus of Sidwell has been active at Exeter from Anglo-Saxon times. Pilgrims were visiting her shrine by 1000, and their activity is mentioned both by John Leland and William Worcester. Sidwell\'s feast day is variously given as 31 July, 1 August or 2 August.
The Church of St Sidwell, located just outside the site of Exeter\'s east gate, is still extant, though it was largely rebuilt after being bombed during the Second World War. One of the main streets in Exeter is Sidwell Street.
A church at Laneast in Cornwall is dedicated to Sidwell. Here, too, is a holy well.
### Iconography
In art, Sidwell is represented with a scythe and a well at her side. St Sidwells, formerly a village now part of Exeter, bears her name and she appears in stained glass in Exeter Cathedral as well as in the chapel at Oxford\'s All Souls College and the parish church of Ashton in Devon. She is also depicted on at least seven painted rood screens around the same county.
The sculpture in Sidwell Street was created by Bideford artist Fred Irving in 1969 and is made of fibreglass
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# List of closed railway stations in Great Britain: A
The **list of closed railway stations in Great Britain** includes the following: Year of closure is given if known. Stations reopened as heritage railways continue to be included in this list and some have been linked. Some stations have been reopened to passenger traffic. Some lines remain in use for freight and mineral traffic. (Recently closed stations are included
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# Phytosaurus
***Phytosaurus*** (meaning \"plant lizard\") is a dubious genus of extinct parasuchid phytosaur found in an outcrop of the Keuper (likely the Exter Formation) in Germany. *Phytosaurus* was the first phytosaur to be described, being done so by Georg Friedrich von Jaeger in 1828. The type species is ***P. cylindricodon*** and a second species, *P. cubicodon*, is also known.
## Discovery and naming {#discovery_and_naming}
In 1826, the holotypes of both species were discovered in Wurttemburg, Germany at the \"Neckar\" site at the base of the hill which Wildenau Castle stands upon. The holotype of *P. cylindricodon* consists of parts of the skull and jaws, with natural casts of the teeth which, however, did not preserve their conical form but were flattened which led to the misunderstanding they were specialised in eating plant material, and the holotype of *P. cubicodon* consists of fragments of the jaw. Both species were named and described by von Jaeger (1828) and were first commented on by von Meyer (1837).
Many later authors, beginning with Owen (1841), have classified both species of *Phytosaurus* as *nomen dubia* due to the lack of known diagnostic material. Owen (1841) had *Phytosaurus* classified as a synonym of *Mastodonsaurus*, an unrelated amphibian, and later *Labyrinthodon*, a now obsolete taxon.
A partial phytosaur specimen found at the \"UCMP V6333\" locality of the Dockum Formation in Texas was initially referred to *Phytosaurus* sp., but has since been reclassified as an indeterminate mystriosuchine phytosaur.
## Description
*P. cylindricodon* appeared to have cylindrical teeth, while *P. cubicodon* appeared to have teeth that were square in shape. The conical teeth of the *P. cylindricodon* holotype appear to show evidence of grinding.
*Phytosaurus* likely grew up to 3 m long and the skull of *P. cylindricodon* likely reached up to 1 m when complete.
## Classification
*Phytosaurus* likely belonged to the Parasuchidae, a family of phytosaurs
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# Mary Ellin Barrett
**Mary Ellin Barrett** (`{{née}}`{=mediawiki} **Berlin**; November 25, 1926 -- July 16, 2022) was an American critic and memoirist, the eldest of three daughters of Ellin (née Mackay) and composer Irving Berlin.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Barrett was born and grew up in New York City, where she attended the Brearley School. She then went to Barnard College, majoring in music. After graduation, she began to work for *Time Magazine*, where she met her future husband, Marvin Barrett. She was the book critic for *Cosmopolitan Magazine*, where she worked very closely with Helen Gurley Brown.
Barrett was the author of three novels: *Castle Ugly* was published in 1966, followed by *An Accident of Love* in 1973 and *American Beauty* in 1981. Her last publication was a memoir entitled *Irving Berlin: a Daughter\'s Memoir*, which was released in May 1995.
Barrett resided in Manhattan, where she died on July 16, 2022, aged 95
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