bio-datasets/bigbio-ner-merged · Datasets at Hugging Face

answer stringlengths 1 16.1k	id stringlengths 7 56	instruction stringlengths 106 72.6k	ner_tags list	text stringlengths 5 72.4k	tokens list	types list
BRG1 is a protein, HP1alpha is a protein, BRG1 is a protein, HP1alpha is a protein	1.0alpha7.train.554_task0	Sentence: BRG1 binds to HP1alpha in vitro inding assays between BRG1 and HP1alpha were performed in vitro. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: protein	[ "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	BRG1 binds to HP1alpha in vitro inding assays between BRG1 and HP1alpha were performed in vitro.	[ "BRG1", "binds", "to", " ", "HP1alpha", "in", "vitro", " ", "inding", "assays", "between", " ", "BRG1", "and", " ", "HP1alpha", "were", "performed", " ", "in", "vitro", "." ]	[ "protein" ]
BRG1 is a protein, HP1alpha is a protein, BRG1 is a protein, HP1alpha is a protein	1.0alpha7.train.554_task1	Sentence: BRG1 binds to HP1alpha in vitro inding assays between BRG1 and HP1alpha were performed in vitro. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: BRG1, HP1alpha, BRG1, HP1alpha Options: protein	[ "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	BRG1 binds to HP1alpha in vitro inding assays between BRG1 and HP1alpha were performed in vitro.	[ "BRG1", "binds", "to", " ", "HP1alpha", "in", "vitro", " ", "inding", "assays", "between", " ", "BRG1", "and", " ", "HP1alpha", "were", "performed", " ", "in", "vitro", "." ]	[ "protein" ]
BRG1, HP1alpha, BRG1, HP1alpha	1.0alpha7.train.554_task2	Sentence: BRG1 binds to HP1alpha in vitro inding assays between BRG1 and HP1alpha were performed in vitro. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	BRG1 binds to HP1alpha in vitro inding assays between BRG1 and HP1alpha were performed in vitro.	[ "BRG1", "binds", "to", " ", "HP1alpha", "in", "vitro", " ", "inding", "assays", "between", " ", "BRG1", "and", " ", "HP1alpha", "were", "performed", " ", "in", "vitro", "." ]	[ "protein" ]
HIF-1alpha is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein, von Hippel - Lindau is a Protein, pVHL is a Protein, ubiquitin is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein, pVHL is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein, pVHL is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein	173_task0	Sentence: NO restores HIF-1alpha hydroxylation during hypoxia: role of reactive oxygen species. The activity of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is primarily determined by stability regulation of its alpha subunit, which is stabilized under hypoxia but degraded during normoxia. Hydroxylation of HIF-1alpha by prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) recruits the von Hippel-Lindau (pVHL) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to initiate proteolytic destruction of the alpha subunit. Hypoxic stabilization of HIF-1alpha has been reported to be antagonized by nitric oxide (NO). By using a HIF-1alpha-pVHL binding assay, we show that NO released from DETA-NO restored prolyl hydroxylase activity under hypoxia. Destabilization of HIF-1alpha by DETA-NO was reversed by free radical scavengers such as NAC and Tiron, thus pointing to the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, we examined the effects of ROS on HIF-1alpha stabilization. Treatment of cells under hypoxia with low concentrations of the superoxide generator 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone lowered HIF-1alpha protein stabilization. In vitro HIF-1alpha-pVHL interaction assays demonstrated that low-level ROS formation increased prolyl hydroxylase activity, an effect antagonized by ROS scavengers. While determining intracellular ROS formation we noticed that reduced ROS production under hypoxia was restored by the addition of DETA-NO. We propose that an increase in ROS formation contributes to HIF-1alpha destabilization by NO donors under hypoxia via modulation of PHD activity. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Protein	[ "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	NO restores HIF-1alpha hydroxylation during hypoxia: role of reactive oxygen species. The activity of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is primarily determined by stability regulation of its alpha subunit, which is stabilized under hypoxia but degraded during normoxia. Hydroxylation of HIF-1alpha by prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) recruits the von Hippel-Lindau (pVHL) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to initiate proteolytic destruction of the alpha subunit. Hypoxic stabilization of HIF-1alpha has been reported to be antagonized by nitric oxide (NO). By using a HIF-1alpha-pVHL binding assay, we show that NO released from DETA-NO restored prolyl hydroxylase activity under hypoxia. Destabilization of HIF-1alpha by DETA-NO was reversed by free radical scavengers such as NAC and Tiron, thus pointing to the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, we examined the effects of ROS on HIF-1alpha stabilization. Treatment of cells under hypoxia with low concentrations of the superoxide generator 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone lowered HIF-1alpha protein stabilization. In vitro HIF-1alpha-pVHL interaction assays demonstrated that low-level ROS formation increased prolyl hydroxylase activity, an effect antagonized by ROS scavengers. While determining intracellular ROS formation we noticed that reduced ROS production under hypoxia was restored by the addition of DETA-NO. We propose that an increase in ROS formation contributes to HIF-1alpha destabilization by NO donors under hypoxia via modulation of PHD activity.	[ "NO", "restores", "HIF-1alpha", "hydroxylation", "during", "hypoxia", ":", "role", "of", "reactive", "oxygen", "species", ".", "\n", "The", "activity", "of", "hypoxia", "-", "inducible", "factor", "1", "(", "HIF-1", ")", "is", "primarily", "determined", "by", "stability", "regulation", "of", "its", "alpha", "subunit", ",", "which", "is", "stabilized", "under", "hypoxia", "but", "degraded", "during", "normoxia", ".", "Hydroxylation", "of", "HIF-1alpha", "by", "prolyl", "hydroxylases", "(", "PHDs", ")", "recruits", "the", "von", "Hippel", "-", "Lindau", "(", "pVHL", ")", "E3", "ubiquitin", "ligase", "complex", "to", "initiate", "proteolytic", "destruction", "of", "the", "alpha", "subunit", ".", "Hypoxic", "stabilization", "of", "HIF-1alpha", "has", "been", "reported", "to", "be", "antagonized", "by", "nitric", "oxide", "(", "NO", ")", ".", "By", "using", "a", "HIF-1alpha", "-", "pVHL", "binding", "assay", ",", "we", "show", "that", "NO", "released", "from", "DETA", "-", "NO", "restored", "prolyl", "hydroxylase", "activity", "under", "hypoxia", ".", "Destabilization", "of", "HIF-1alpha", "by", "DETA", "-", "NO", "was", "reversed", "by", "free", "radical", "scavengers", "such", "as", "NAC", "and", "Tiron", ",", "thus", "pointing", "to", "the", "involvement", "of", "reactive", "oxygen", "species", "(", "ROS", ")", ".", "Therefore", ",", "we", "examined", "the", "effects", "of", "ROS", "on", "HIF-1alpha", "stabilization", ".", "Treatment", "of", "cells", "under", "hypoxia", "with", "low", "concentrations", "of", "the", "superoxide", "generator", "2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone", "lowered", "HIF-1alpha", "protein", "stabilization", ".", "In", "vitro", "HIF-1alpha", "-", "pVHL", "interaction", "assays", "demonstrated", "that", "low", "-", "level", "ROS", "formation", "increased", "prolyl", "hydroxylase", "activity", ",", "an", "effect", "antagonized", "by", "ROS", "scavengers", ".", "While", "determining", "intracellular", "ROS", "formation", "we", "noticed", "that", "reduced", "ROS", "production", "under", "hypoxia", "was", "restored", "by", "the", "addition", "of", "DETA", "-", "NO", ".", "We", "propose", "that", "an", "increase", "in", "ROS", "formation", "contributes", "to", "HIF-1alpha", "destabilization", "by", "NO", "donors", "under", "hypoxia", "via", "modulation", "of", "PHD", "activity", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Protein" ]
HIF-1alpha is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein, von Hippel - Lindau is a Protein, pVHL is a Protein, ubiquitin is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein, pVHL is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein, pVHL is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein	173_task1	Sentence: NO restores HIF-1alpha hydroxylation during hypoxia: role of reactive oxygen species. The activity of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is primarily determined by stability regulation of its alpha subunit, which is stabilized under hypoxia but degraded during normoxia. Hydroxylation of HIF-1alpha by prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) recruits the von Hippel-Lindau (pVHL) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to initiate proteolytic destruction of the alpha subunit. Hypoxic stabilization of HIF-1alpha has been reported to be antagonized by nitric oxide (NO). By using a HIF-1alpha-pVHL binding assay, we show that NO released from DETA-NO restored prolyl hydroxylase activity under hypoxia. Destabilization of HIF-1alpha by DETA-NO was reversed by free radical scavengers such as NAC and Tiron, thus pointing to the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, we examined the effects of ROS on HIF-1alpha stabilization. Treatment of cells under hypoxia with low concentrations of the superoxide generator 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone lowered HIF-1alpha protein stabilization. In vitro HIF-1alpha-pVHL interaction assays demonstrated that low-level ROS formation increased prolyl hydroxylase activity, an effect antagonized by ROS scavengers. While determining intracellular ROS formation we noticed that reduced ROS production under hypoxia was restored by the addition of DETA-NO. We propose that an increase in ROS formation contributes to HIF-1alpha destabilization by NO donors under hypoxia via modulation of PHD activity. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: HIF-1alpha, HIF-1alpha, von Hippel - Lindau, pVHL, ubiquitin, HIF-1alpha, HIF-1alpha, pVHL, HIF-1alpha, HIF-1alpha, HIF-1alpha, HIF-1alpha, pVHL, HIF-1alpha Options: Protein	[ "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	NO restores HIF-1alpha hydroxylation during hypoxia: role of reactive oxygen species. The activity of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is primarily determined by stability regulation of its alpha subunit, which is stabilized under hypoxia but degraded during normoxia. Hydroxylation of HIF-1alpha by prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) recruits the von Hippel-Lindau (pVHL) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to initiate proteolytic destruction of the alpha subunit. Hypoxic stabilization of HIF-1alpha has been reported to be antagonized by nitric oxide (NO). By using a HIF-1alpha-pVHL binding assay, we show that NO released from DETA-NO restored prolyl hydroxylase activity under hypoxia. Destabilization of HIF-1alpha by DETA-NO was reversed by free radical scavengers such as NAC and Tiron, thus pointing to the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, we examined the effects of ROS on HIF-1alpha stabilization. Treatment of cells under hypoxia with low concentrations of the superoxide generator 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone lowered HIF-1alpha protein stabilization. In vitro HIF-1alpha-pVHL interaction assays demonstrated that low-level ROS formation increased prolyl hydroxylase activity, an effect antagonized by ROS scavengers. While determining intracellular ROS formation we noticed that reduced ROS production under hypoxia was restored by the addition of DETA-NO. We propose that an increase in ROS formation contributes to HIF-1alpha destabilization by NO donors under hypoxia via modulation of PHD activity.	[ "NO", "restores", "HIF-1alpha", "hydroxylation", "during", "hypoxia", ":", "role", "of", "reactive", "oxygen", "species", ".", "\n", "The", "activity", "of", "hypoxia", "-", "inducible", "factor", "1", "(", "HIF-1", ")", "is", "primarily", "determined", "by", "stability", "regulation", "of", "its", "alpha", "subunit", ",", "which", "is", "stabilized", "under", "hypoxia", "but", "degraded", "during", "normoxia", ".", "Hydroxylation", "of", "HIF-1alpha", "by", "prolyl", "hydroxylases", "(", "PHDs", ")", "recruits", "the", "von", "Hippel", "-", "Lindau", "(", "pVHL", ")", "E3", "ubiquitin", "ligase", "complex", "to", "initiate", "proteolytic", "destruction", "of", "the", "alpha", "subunit", ".", "Hypoxic", "stabilization", "of", "HIF-1alpha", "has", "been", "reported", "to", "be", "antagonized", "by", "nitric", "oxide", "(", "NO", ")", ".", "By", "using", "a", "HIF-1alpha", "-", "pVHL", "binding", "assay", ",", "we", "show", "that", "NO", "released", "from", "DETA", "-", "NO", "restored", "prolyl", "hydroxylase", "activity", "under", "hypoxia", ".", "Destabilization", "of", "HIF-1alpha", "by", "DETA", "-", "NO", "was", "reversed", "by", "free", "radical", "scavengers", "such", "as", "NAC", "and", "Tiron", ",", "thus", "pointing", "to", "the", "involvement", "of", "reactive", "oxygen", "species", "(", "ROS", ")", ".", "Therefore", ",", "we", "examined", "the", "effects", "of", "ROS", "on", "HIF-1alpha", "stabilization", ".", "Treatment", "of", "cells", "under", "hypoxia", "with", "low", "concentrations", "of", "the", "superoxide", "generator", "2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone", "lowered", "HIF-1alpha", "protein", "stabilization", ".", "In", "vitro", "HIF-1alpha", "-", "pVHL", "interaction", "assays", "demonstrated", "that", "low", "-", "level", "ROS", "formation", "increased", "prolyl", "hydroxylase", "activity", ",", "an", "effect", "antagonized", "by", "ROS", "scavengers", ".", "While", "determining", "intracellular", "ROS", "formation", "we", "noticed", "that", "reduced", "ROS", "production", "under", "hypoxia", "was", "restored", "by", "the", "addition", "of", "DETA", "-", "NO", ".", "We", "propose", "that", "an", "increase", "in", "ROS", "formation", "contributes", "to", "HIF-1alpha", "destabilization", "by", "NO", "donors", "under", "hypoxia", "via", "modulation", "of", "PHD", "activity", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Protein" ]
HIF-1alpha, HIF-1alpha, von Hippel - Lindau, pVHL, ubiquitin, HIF-1alpha, HIF-1alpha, pVHL, HIF-1alpha, HIF-1alpha, HIF-1alpha, HIF-1alpha, pVHL, HIF-1alpha	173_task2	Sentence: NO restores HIF-1alpha hydroxylation during hypoxia: role of reactive oxygen species. The activity of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is primarily determined by stability regulation of its alpha subunit, which is stabilized under hypoxia but degraded during normoxia. Hydroxylation of HIF-1alpha by prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) recruits the von Hippel-Lindau (pVHL) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to initiate proteolytic destruction of the alpha subunit. Hypoxic stabilization of HIF-1alpha has been reported to be antagonized by nitric oxide (NO). By using a HIF-1alpha-pVHL binding assay, we show that NO released from DETA-NO restored prolyl hydroxylase activity under hypoxia. Destabilization of HIF-1alpha by DETA-NO was reversed by free radical scavengers such as NAC and Tiron, thus pointing to the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, we examined the effects of ROS on HIF-1alpha stabilization. Treatment of cells under hypoxia with low concentrations of the superoxide generator 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone lowered HIF-1alpha protein stabilization. In vitro HIF-1alpha-pVHL interaction assays demonstrated that low-level ROS formation increased prolyl hydroxylase activity, an effect antagonized by ROS scavengers. While determining intracellular ROS formation we noticed that reduced ROS production under hypoxia was restored by the addition of DETA-NO. We propose that an increase in ROS formation contributes to HIF-1alpha destabilization by NO donors under hypoxia via modulation of PHD activity. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	NO restores HIF-1alpha hydroxylation during hypoxia: role of reactive oxygen species. The activity of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is primarily determined by stability regulation of its alpha subunit, which is stabilized under hypoxia but degraded during normoxia. Hydroxylation of HIF-1alpha by prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) recruits the von Hippel-Lindau (pVHL) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to initiate proteolytic destruction of the alpha subunit. Hypoxic stabilization of HIF-1alpha has been reported to be antagonized by nitric oxide (NO). By using a HIF-1alpha-pVHL binding assay, we show that NO released from DETA-NO restored prolyl hydroxylase activity under hypoxia. Destabilization of HIF-1alpha by DETA-NO was reversed by free radical scavengers such as NAC and Tiron, thus pointing to the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, we examined the effects of ROS on HIF-1alpha stabilization. Treatment of cells under hypoxia with low concentrations of the superoxide generator 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone lowered HIF-1alpha protein stabilization. In vitro HIF-1alpha-pVHL interaction assays demonstrated that low-level ROS formation increased prolyl hydroxylase activity, an effect antagonized by ROS scavengers. While determining intracellular ROS formation we noticed that reduced ROS production under hypoxia was restored by the addition of DETA-NO. We propose that an increase in ROS formation contributes to HIF-1alpha destabilization by NO donors under hypoxia via modulation of PHD activity.	[ "NO", "restores", "HIF-1alpha", "hydroxylation", "during", "hypoxia", ":", "role", "of", "reactive", "oxygen", "species", ".", "\n", "The", "activity", "of", "hypoxia", "-", "inducible", "factor", "1", "(", "HIF-1", ")", "is", "primarily", "determined", "by", "stability", "regulation", "of", "its", "alpha", "subunit", ",", "which", "is", "stabilized", "under", "hypoxia", "but", "degraded", "during", "normoxia", ".", "Hydroxylation", "of", "HIF-1alpha", "by", "prolyl", "hydroxylases", "(", "PHDs", ")", "recruits", "the", "von", "Hippel", "-", "Lindau", "(", "pVHL", ")", "E3", "ubiquitin", "ligase", "complex", "to", "initiate", "proteolytic", "destruction", "of", "the", "alpha", "subunit", ".", "Hypoxic", "stabilization", "of", "HIF-1alpha", "has", "been", "reported", "to", "be", "antagonized", "by", "nitric", "oxide", "(", "NO", ")", ".", "By", "using", "a", "HIF-1alpha", "-", "pVHL", "binding", "assay", ",", "we", "show", "that", "NO", "released", "from", "DETA", "-", "NO", "restored", "prolyl", "hydroxylase", "activity", "under", "hypoxia", ".", "Destabilization", "of", "HIF-1alpha", "by", "DETA", "-", "NO", "was", "reversed", "by", "free", "radical", "scavengers", "such", "as", "NAC", "and", "Tiron", ",", "thus", "pointing", "to", "the", "involvement", "of", "reactive", "oxygen", "species", "(", "ROS", ")", ".", "Therefore", ",", "we", "examined", "the", "effects", "of", "ROS", "on", "HIF-1alpha", "stabilization", ".", "Treatment", "of", "cells", "under", "hypoxia", "with", "low", "concentrations", "of", "the", "superoxide", "generator", "2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone", "lowered", "HIF-1alpha", "protein", "stabilization", ".", "In", "vitro", "HIF-1alpha", "-", "pVHL", "interaction", "assays", "demonstrated", "that", "low", "-", "level", "ROS", "formation", "increased", "prolyl", "hydroxylase", "activity", ",", "an", "effect", "antagonized", "by", "ROS", "scavengers", ".", "While", "determining", "intracellular", "ROS", "formation", "we", "noticed", "that", "reduced", "ROS", "production", "under", "hypoxia", "was", "restored", "by", "the", "addition", "of", "DETA", "-", "NO", ".", "We", "propose", "that", "an", "increase", "in", "ROS", "formation", "contributes", "to", "HIF-1alpha", "destabilization", "by", "NO", "donors", "under", "hypoxia", "via", "modulation", "of", "PHD", "activity", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Protein" ]
Armodafinil and modafinil is a Intervention_Pharmacological, excessive sleepiness is a Outcome_Physical, shift work disorder is a Participant_Condition, pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic is a Outcome_Physical, wakefulness is a Outcome_Physical, shift work disorder ( SWD ) is a Outcome_Physical, armodafinil is a Intervention_Pharmacological, plasma concentrations is a Outcome_Physical, Pooled Multiple Sleep Latency Test ( MSLT ) is a Outcome_Physical, placebo - controlled is a Intervention_Control, 463 is a Participant_Sample-size, armodafinil 150 mg / d is a Intervention_Pharmacological, 1 with modafinil 200 mg / d is a Intervention_Pharmacological, plasma drug concentrations is a Outcome_Physical, pharmacokinetic model is a Outcome_Physical	52467_task0	Sentence: Armodafinil and modafinil in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with shift work disorder : a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for predicting and comparing their concentration-effect relationships . Armodafinil , the longer lasting R-isomer of racemic modafinil , improves wakefulness in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with shift work disorder ( SWD ) . Pharmacokinetic studies suggest that armodafinil achieves higher plasma concentrations than modafinil late in a dose interval following equal oral doses . Pooled Multiple Sleep Latency Test ( MSLT ) data from 2 randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trials in 463 patients with SWD , 1 with armodafinil 150 mg/d and 1 with modafinil 200 mg/d ( both administered around 2200 h before night shifts ) , were used to build a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model . Predicted plasma drug concentrations were obtained by developing and applying a population pharmacokinetic model using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling . Armodafinil 200 mg produced a plasma concentration above the EC ( 50 ) ( 4.6 µg/mL ) for 9 hours , whereas modafinil 200 mg did not exceed the EC ( 50 ) . Consequently , armodafinil produced greater increases in predicted placebo-subtracted MSLT times of 0.5-1 minute ( up to 10 hours after dosing ) compared with modafinil . On a milligram-to-milligram basis , armodafinil 200 mg consistently increased wakefulness more than modafinil 200 mg , including times late in the 8-hour shift . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Intervention_Control, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size	[ "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Armodafinil and modafinil in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with shift work disorder : a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for predicting and comparing their concentration-effect relationships . Armodafinil , the longer lasting R-isomer of racemic modafinil , improves wakefulness in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with shift work disorder ( SWD ) . Pharmacokinetic studies suggest that armodafinil achieves higher plasma concentrations than modafinil late in a dose interval following equal oral doses . Pooled Multiple Sleep Latency Test ( MSLT ) data from 2 randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trials in 463 patients with SWD , 1 with armodafinil 150 mg/d and 1 with modafinil 200 mg/d ( both administered around 2200 h before night shifts ) , were used to build a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model . Predicted plasma drug concentrations were obtained by developing and applying a population pharmacokinetic model using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling . Armodafinil 200 mg produced a plasma concentration above the EC ( 50 ) ( 4.6 µg/mL ) for 9 hours , whereas modafinil 200 mg did not exceed the EC ( 50 ) . Consequently , armodafinil produced greater increases in predicted placebo-subtracted MSLT times of 0.5-1 minute ( up to 10 hours after dosing ) compared with modafinil . On a milligram-to-milligram basis , armodafinil 200 mg consistently increased wakefulness more than modafinil 200 mg , including times late in the 8-hour shift .	[ "Armodafinil", "and", "modafinil", "in", "patients", "with", "excessive", "sleepiness", "associated", "with", "shift", "work", "disorder", ":", "a", "pharmacokinetic", "/", "pharmacodynamic", "model", "for", "predicting", "and", "comparing", "their", "concentration", "-", "effect", "relationships", ".", "Armodafinil", ",", "the", "longer", "lasting", "R", "-", "isomer", "of", "racemic", "modafinil", ",", "improves", "wakefulness", "in", "patients", "with", "excessive", "sleepiness", "associated", "with", "shift", "work", "disorder", "(", "SWD", ")", ".", "Pharmacokinetic", "studies", "suggest", "that", "armodafinil", "achieves", "higher", "plasma", "concentrations", "than", "modafinil", "late", "in", "a", "dose", "interval", "following", "equal", "oral", "doses", ".", "Pooled", "Multiple", "Sleep", "Latency", "Test", "(", "MSLT", ")", "data", "from", "2", "randomized", ",", "double", "-", "blind", ",", "placebo", "-", "controlled", "trials", "in", "463", "patients", "with", "SWD", ",", "1", "with", "armodafinil", "150", "mg", "/", "d", "and", "1", "with", "modafinil", "200", "mg", "/", "d", "(", "both", "administered", "around", "2200", "h", "before", "night", "shifts", ")", ",", "were", "used", "to", "build", "a", "pharmacokinetic", "/", "pharmacodynamic", "model", ".", "Predicted", "plasma", "drug", "concentrations", "were", "obtained", "by", "developing", "and", "applying", "a", "population", "pharmacokinetic", "model", "using", "nonlinear", "mixed", "-", "effects", "modeling", ".", "Armodafinil", "200", "mg", "produced", "a", "plasma", "concentration", "above", "the", "EC", "(", "50", ")", "(", "4.6", "µg", "/", "mL", ")", "for", "9", "hours", ",", "whereas", "modafinil", "200", "mg", "did", "not", "exceed", "the", "EC", "(", "50", ")", ".", "Consequently", ",", "armodafinil", "produced", "greater", "increases", "in", "predicted", "placebo", "-", "subtracted", "MSLT", "times", "of", "0.5", "-", "1", "minute", "(", "up", "to", "10", "hours", "after", "dosing", ")", "compared", "with", "modafinil", ".", "On", "a", "milligram", "-", "to", "-", "milligram", "basis", ",", "armodafinil", "200", "mg", "consistently", "increased", "wakefulness", "more", "than", "modafinil", "200", "mg", ",", "including", "times", "late", "in", "the", "8-hour", "shift", "." ]	[ "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Control", "Participant_Sample-size" ]
Armodafinil and modafinil is a Intervention_Pharmacological, excessive sleepiness is a Outcome_Physical, shift work disorder is a Participant_Condition, pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic is a Outcome_Physical, wakefulness is a Outcome_Physical, shift work disorder ( SWD ) is a Outcome_Physical, armodafinil is a Intervention_Pharmacological, plasma concentrations is a Outcome_Physical, Pooled Multiple Sleep Latency Test ( MSLT ) is a Outcome_Physical, placebo - controlled is a Intervention_Control, 463 is a Participant_Sample-size, armodafinil 150 mg / d is a Intervention_Pharmacological, 1 with modafinil 200 mg / d is a Intervention_Pharmacological, plasma drug concentrations is a Outcome_Physical, pharmacokinetic model is a Outcome_Physical	52467_task1	Sentence: Armodafinil and modafinil in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with shift work disorder : a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for predicting and comparing their concentration-effect relationships . Armodafinil , the longer lasting R-isomer of racemic modafinil , improves wakefulness in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with shift work disorder ( SWD ) . Pharmacokinetic studies suggest that armodafinil achieves higher plasma concentrations than modafinil late in a dose interval following equal oral doses . Pooled Multiple Sleep Latency Test ( MSLT ) data from 2 randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trials in 463 patients with SWD , 1 with armodafinil 150 mg/d and 1 with modafinil 200 mg/d ( both administered around 2200 h before night shifts ) , were used to build a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model . Predicted plasma drug concentrations were obtained by developing and applying a population pharmacokinetic model using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling . Armodafinil 200 mg produced a plasma concentration above the EC ( 50 ) ( 4.6 µg/mL ) for 9 hours , whereas modafinil 200 mg did not exceed the EC ( 50 ) . Consequently , armodafinil produced greater increases in predicted placebo-subtracted MSLT times of 0.5-1 minute ( up to 10 hours after dosing ) compared with modafinil . On a milligram-to-milligram basis , armodafinil 200 mg consistently increased wakefulness more than modafinil 200 mg , including times late in the 8-hour shift . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Armodafinil and modafinil, excessive sleepiness, shift work disorder, pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic, wakefulness, shift work disorder ( SWD ), armodafinil, plasma concentrations, Pooled Multiple Sleep Latency Test ( MSLT ), placebo - controlled, 463, armodafinil 150 mg / d, 1 with modafinil 200 mg / d, plasma drug concentrations, pharmacokinetic model Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Intervention_Control, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size	[ "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Armodafinil and modafinil in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with shift work disorder : a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for predicting and comparing their concentration-effect relationships . Armodafinil , the longer lasting R-isomer of racemic modafinil , improves wakefulness in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with shift work disorder ( SWD ) . Pharmacokinetic studies suggest that armodafinil achieves higher plasma concentrations than modafinil late in a dose interval following equal oral doses . Pooled Multiple Sleep Latency Test ( MSLT ) data from 2 randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trials in 463 patients with SWD , 1 with armodafinil 150 mg/d and 1 with modafinil 200 mg/d ( both administered around 2200 h before night shifts ) , were used to build a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model . Predicted plasma drug concentrations were obtained by developing and applying a population pharmacokinetic model using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling . Armodafinil 200 mg produced a plasma concentration above the EC ( 50 ) ( 4.6 µg/mL ) for 9 hours , whereas modafinil 200 mg did not exceed the EC ( 50 ) . Consequently , armodafinil produced greater increases in predicted placebo-subtracted MSLT times of 0.5-1 minute ( up to 10 hours after dosing ) compared with modafinil . On a milligram-to-milligram basis , armodafinil 200 mg consistently increased wakefulness more than modafinil 200 mg , including times late in the 8-hour shift .	[ "Armodafinil", "and", "modafinil", "in", "patients", "with", "excessive", "sleepiness", "associated", "with", "shift", "work", "disorder", ":", "a", "pharmacokinetic", "/", "pharmacodynamic", "model", "for", "predicting", "and", "comparing", "their", "concentration", "-", "effect", "relationships", ".", "Armodafinil", ",", "the", "longer", "lasting", "R", "-", "isomer", "of", "racemic", "modafinil", ",", "improves", "wakefulness", "in", "patients", "with", "excessive", "sleepiness", "associated", "with", "shift", "work", "disorder", "(", "SWD", ")", ".", "Pharmacokinetic", "studies", "suggest", "that", "armodafinil", "achieves", "higher", "plasma", "concentrations", "than", "modafinil", "late", "in", "a", "dose", "interval", "following", "equal", "oral", "doses", ".", "Pooled", "Multiple", "Sleep", "Latency", "Test", "(", "MSLT", ")", "data", "from", "2", "randomized", ",", "double", "-", "blind", ",", "placebo", "-", "controlled", "trials", "in", "463", "patients", "with", "SWD", ",", "1", "with", "armodafinil", "150", "mg", "/", "d", "and", "1", "with", "modafinil", "200", "mg", "/", "d", "(", "both", "administered", "around", "2200", "h", "before", "night", "shifts", ")", ",", "were", "used", "to", "build", "a", "pharmacokinetic", "/", "pharmacodynamic", "model", ".", "Predicted", "plasma", "drug", "concentrations", "were", "obtained", "by", "developing", "and", "applying", "a", "population", "pharmacokinetic", "model", "using", "nonlinear", "mixed", "-", "effects", "modeling", ".", "Armodafinil", "200", "mg", "produced", "a", "plasma", "concentration", "above", "the", "EC", "(", "50", ")", "(", "4.6", "µg", "/", "mL", ")", "for", "9", "hours", ",", "whereas", "modafinil", "200", "mg", "did", "not", "exceed", "the", "EC", "(", "50", ")", ".", "Consequently", ",", "armodafinil", "produced", "greater", "increases", "in", "predicted", "placebo", "-", "subtracted", "MSLT", "times", "of", "0.5", "-", "1", "minute", "(", "up", "to", "10", "hours", "after", "dosing", ")", "compared", "with", "modafinil", ".", "On", "a", "milligram", "-", "to", "-", "milligram", "basis", ",", "armodafinil", "200", "mg", "consistently", "increased", "wakefulness", "more", "than", "modafinil", "200", "mg", ",", "including", "times", "late", "in", "the", "8-hour", "shift", "." ]	[ "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Control", "Participant_Sample-size" ]
Armodafinil and modafinil, excessive sleepiness, shift work disorder, pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic, wakefulness, shift work disorder ( SWD ), armodafinil, plasma concentrations, Pooled Multiple Sleep Latency Test ( MSLT ), placebo - controlled, 463, armodafinil 150 mg / d, 1 with modafinil 200 mg / d, plasma drug concentrations, pharmacokinetic model	52467_task2	Sentence: Armodafinil and modafinil in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with shift work disorder : a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for predicting and comparing their concentration-effect relationships . Armodafinil , the longer lasting R-isomer of racemic modafinil , improves wakefulness in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with shift work disorder ( SWD ) . Pharmacokinetic studies suggest that armodafinil achieves higher plasma concentrations than modafinil late in a dose interval following equal oral doses . Pooled Multiple Sleep Latency Test ( MSLT ) data from 2 randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trials in 463 patients with SWD , 1 with armodafinil 150 mg/d and 1 with modafinil 200 mg/d ( both administered around 2200 h before night shifts ) , were used to build a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model . Predicted plasma drug concentrations were obtained by developing and applying a population pharmacokinetic model using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling . Armodafinil 200 mg produced a plasma concentration above the EC ( 50 ) ( 4.6 µg/mL ) for 9 hours , whereas modafinil 200 mg did not exceed the EC ( 50 ) . Consequently , armodafinil produced greater increases in predicted placebo-subtracted MSLT times of 0.5-1 minute ( up to 10 hours after dosing ) compared with modafinil . On a milligram-to-milligram basis , armodafinil 200 mg consistently increased wakefulness more than modafinil 200 mg , including times late in the 8-hour shift . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Armodafinil and modafinil in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with shift work disorder : a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for predicting and comparing their concentration-effect relationships . Armodafinil , the longer lasting R-isomer of racemic modafinil , improves wakefulness in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with shift work disorder ( SWD ) . Pharmacokinetic studies suggest that armodafinil achieves higher plasma concentrations than modafinil late in a dose interval following equal oral doses . Pooled Multiple Sleep Latency Test ( MSLT ) data from 2 randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trials in 463 patients with SWD , 1 with armodafinil 150 mg/d and 1 with modafinil 200 mg/d ( both administered around 2200 h before night shifts ) , were used to build a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model . Predicted plasma drug concentrations were obtained by developing and applying a population pharmacokinetic model using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling . Armodafinil 200 mg produced a plasma concentration above the EC ( 50 ) ( 4.6 µg/mL ) for 9 hours , whereas modafinil 200 mg did not exceed the EC ( 50 ) . Consequently , armodafinil produced greater increases in predicted placebo-subtracted MSLT times of 0.5-1 minute ( up to 10 hours after dosing ) compared with modafinil . On a milligram-to-milligram basis , armodafinil 200 mg consistently increased wakefulness more than modafinil 200 mg , including times late in the 8-hour shift .	[ "Armodafinil", "and", "modafinil", "in", "patients", "with", "excessive", "sleepiness", "associated", "with", "shift", "work", "disorder", ":", "a", "pharmacokinetic", "/", "pharmacodynamic", "model", "for", "predicting", "and", "comparing", "their", "concentration", "-", "effect", "relationships", ".", "Armodafinil", ",", "the", "longer", "lasting", "R", "-", "isomer", "of", "racemic", "modafinil", ",", "improves", "wakefulness", "in", "patients", "with", "excessive", "sleepiness", "associated", "with", "shift", "work", "disorder", "(", "SWD", ")", ".", "Pharmacokinetic", "studies", "suggest", "that", "armodafinil", "achieves", "higher", "plasma", "concentrations", "than", "modafinil", "late", "in", "a", "dose", "interval", "following", "equal", "oral", "doses", ".", "Pooled", "Multiple", "Sleep", "Latency", "Test", "(", "MSLT", ")", "data", "from", "2", "randomized", ",", "double", "-", "blind", ",", "placebo", "-", "controlled", "trials", "in", "463", "patients", "with", "SWD", ",", "1", "with", "armodafinil", "150", "mg", "/", "d", "and", "1", "with", "modafinil", "200", "mg", "/", "d", "(", "both", "administered", "around", "2200", "h", "before", "night", "shifts", ")", ",", "were", "used", "to", "build", "a", "pharmacokinetic", "/", "pharmacodynamic", "model", ".", "Predicted", "plasma", "drug", "concentrations", "were", "obtained", "by", "developing", "and", "applying", "a", "population", "pharmacokinetic", "model", "using", "nonlinear", "mixed", "-", "effects", "modeling", ".", "Armodafinil", "200", "mg", "produced", "a", "plasma", "concentration", "above", "the", "EC", "(", "50", ")", "(", "4.6", "µg", "/", "mL", ")", "for", "9", "hours", ",", "whereas", "modafinil", "200", "mg", "did", "not", "exceed", "the", "EC", "(", "50", ")", ".", "Consequently", ",", "armodafinil", "produced", "greater", "increases", "in", "predicted", "placebo", "-", "subtracted", "MSLT", "times", "of", "0.5", "-", "1", "minute", "(", "up", "to", "10", "hours", "after", "dosing", ")", "compared", "with", "modafinil", ".", "On", "a", "milligram", "-", "to", "-", "milligram", "basis", ",", "armodafinil", "200", "mg", "consistently", "increased", "wakefulness", "more", "than", "modafinil", "200", "mg", ",", "including", "times", "late", "in", "the", "8-hour", "shift", "." ]	[ "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Control", "Participant_Sample-size" ]
kinin B1 receptor is a GENE-Y, NADPH oxidase is a GENE-N	21600945_task0	Sentence: Cigarette smoke-induced kinin B1 receptor promotes NADPH oxidase activity in cultured human alveolar epithelial cells. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GENE-Y, GENE-N	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Cigarette smoke-induced kinin B1 receptor promotes NADPH oxidase activity in cultured human alveolar epithelial cells.	[ "Cigarette", "smoke", "-", "induced", "kinin", "B1", "receptor", "promotes", "NADPH", "oxidase", "activity", "in", "cultured", "human", "alveolar", "epithelial", "cells", "." ]	[ "CHEMICAL", "GENE-Y", "GENE-N" ]
kinin B1 receptor is a GENE-Y, NADPH oxidase is a GENE-N	21600945_task1	Sentence: Cigarette smoke-induced kinin B1 receptor promotes NADPH oxidase activity in cultured human alveolar epithelial cells. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: kinin B1 receptor, NADPH oxidase Options: GENE-Y, GENE-N	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Cigarette smoke-induced kinin B1 receptor promotes NADPH oxidase activity in cultured human alveolar epithelial cells.	[ "Cigarette", "smoke", "-", "induced", "kinin", "B1", "receptor", "promotes", "NADPH", "oxidase", "activity", "in", "cultured", "human", "alveolar", "epithelial", "cells", "." ]	[ "CHEMICAL", "GENE-Y", "GENE-N" ]
kinin B1 receptor, NADPH oxidase	21600945_task2	Sentence: Cigarette smoke-induced kinin B1 receptor promotes NADPH oxidase activity in cultured human alveolar epithelial cells. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Cigarette smoke-induced kinin B1 receptor promotes NADPH oxidase activity in cultured human alveolar epithelial cells.	[ "Cigarette", "smoke", "-", "induced", "kinin", "B1", "receptor", "promotes", "NADPH", "oxidase", "activity", "in", "cultured", "human", "alveolar", "epithelial", "cells", "." ]	[ "CHEMICAL", "GENE-Y", "GENE-N" ]
distribution is an umlsterm, Laminin is an umlsterm, surgery is an umlsterm, methods is an umlsterm, Autografts is an umlsterm, common carotid artery is an umlsterm, Wistar rats is an umlsterm, distribution is an umlsterm, Laminin is an umlsterm, distribution is an umlsterm, Laminin is an umlsterm, function is an umlsterm, single is an umlsterm, intima is an umlsterm, Laminin is an umlsterm, distance is an umlsterm, vessel is an umlsterm, cells is an umlsterm, media is an umlsterm, axis is an umlsterm, direction is an umlsterm, Laminin - positive is an umlsterm, vasa vasorum is an umlsterm, hyperplasia is an umlsterm, autograft is an umlsterm, Laminin - positive is an umlsterm, extracellular matrix is an umlsterm, suture technique is an umlsterm, surgery is an umlsterm	MundKieferGesichtschirurgie.80020118.eng.abstr_task0	Sentence: Aim : To investigate the distribution of Laminin in experimental microvascular surgery . Material and methods : Autografts ( 4 mm ) of the left common carotid artery in 20 Wistar rats were harvested after 4 weeks . The specimens were investigated immunohistochemically for the demonstration and distribution of Laminin . Results : The demonstration and distribution pattern of Laminin was a function of the accuracy of each single suture . In the intima , the organisation and amount of Laminin was directed to the lumen and dependent from the distance and vitality of the vessel segments ' cells . The media had in its axis direction the lowest reparative potency to regenerate the continuity break . The adventitia formed a thick cuff around the anastomosis , which was circularly grown through with Laminin-positive vasa vasorum . The marked myointimal hyperplasia in the area around the anastomosis and in the entire autograft was constituted of Laminin-positive extracellular matrix . Conclusions : Our results support the demand for a careful and atraumatic suture technique in microvascular surgery . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]	Aim : To investigate the distribution of Laminin in experimental microvascular surgery . Material and methods : Autografts ( 4 mm ) of the left common carotid artery in 20 Wistar rats were harvested after 4 weeks . The specimens were investigated immunohistochemically for the demonstration and distribution of Laminin . Results : The demonstration and distribution pattern of Laminin was a function of the accuracy of each single suture . In the intima , the organisation and amount of Laminin was directed to the lumen and dependent from the distance and vitality of the vessel segments ' cells . The media had in its axis direction the lowest reparative potency to regenerate the continuity break . The adventitia formed a thick cuff around the anastomosis , which was circularly grown through with Laminin-positive vasa vasorum . The marked myointimal hyperplasia in the area around the anastomosis and in the entire autograft was constituted of Laminin-positive extracellular matrix . Conclusions : Our results support the demand for a careful and atraumatic suture technique in microvascular surgery .	[ "Aim", ":", "To", "investigate", "the", "distribution", "of", "Laminin", "in", "experimental", "microvascular", "surgery", ".", "Material", "and", "methods", ":", "Autografts", "(", "4", "mm", ")", "of", "the", "left", "common", "carotid", "artery", "in", "20", "Wistar", "rats", "were", "harvested", "after", "4", "weeks", ".", "The", "specimens", "were", "investigated", "immunohistochemically", "for", "the", "demonstration", "and", "distribution", "of", "Laminin", ".", "Results", ":", "The", "demonstration", "and", "distribution", "pattern", "of", "Laminin", "was", "a", "function", "of", "the", "accuracy", "of", "each", "single", "suture", ".", "In", "the", "intima", ",", "the", "organisation", "and", "amount", "of", "Laminin", "was", "directed", "to", "the", "lumen", "and", "dependent", "from", "the", "distance", "and", "vitality", "of", "the", "vessel", "segments", "'", "cells", ".", "The", "media", "had", "in", "its", "axis", "direction", "the", "lowest", "reparative", "potency", "to", "regenerate", "the", "continuity", "break", ".", "The", "adventitia", "formed", "a", "thick", "cuff", "around", "the", "anastomosis", ",", "which", "was", "circularly", "grown", "through", "with", "Laminin", "-", "positive", "vasa", "vasorum", ".", "The", "marked", "myointimal", "hyperplasia", "in", "the", "area", "around", "the", "anastomosis", "and", "in", "the", "entire", "autograft", "was", "constituted", "of", "Laminin", "-", "positive", "extracellular", "matrix", ".", "Conclusions", ":", "Our", "results", "support", "the", "demand", "for", "a", "careful", "and", "atraumatic", "suture", "technique", "in", "microvascular", "surgery", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
distribution is an umlsterm, Laminin is an umlsterm, surgery is an umlsterm, methods is an umlsterm, Autografts is an umlsterm, common carotid artery is an umlsterm, Wistar rats is an umlsterm, distribution is an umlsterm, Laminin is an umlsterm, distribution is an umlsterm, Laminin is an umlsterm, function is an umlsterm, single is an umlsterm, intima is an umlsterm, Laminin is an umlsterm, distance is an umlsterm, vessel is an umlsterm, cells is an umlsterm, media is an umlsterm, axis is an umlsterm, direction is an umlsterm, Laminin - positive is an umlsterm, vasa vasorum is an umlsterm, hyperplasia is an umlsterm, autograft is an umlsterm, Laminin - positive is an umlsterm, extracellular matrix is an umlsterm, suture technique is an umlsterm, surgery is an umlsterm	MundKieferGesichtschirurgie.80020118.eng.abstr_task1	Sentence: Aim : To investigate the distribution of Laminin in experimental microvascular surgery . Material and methods : Autografts ( 4 mm ) of the left common carotid artery in 20 Wistar rats were harvested after 4 weeks . The specimens were investigated immunohistochemically for the demonstration and distribution of Laminin . Results : The demonstration and distribution pattern of Laminin was a function of the accuracy of each single suture . In the intima , the organisation and amount of Laminin was directed to the lumen and dependent from the distance and vitality of the vessel segments ' cells . The media had in its axis direction the lowest reparative potency to regenerate the continuity break . The adventitia formed a thick cuff around the anastomosis , which was circularly grown through with Laminin-positive vasa vasorum . The marked myointimal hyperplasia in the area around the anastomosis and in the entire autograft was constituted of Laminin-positive extracellular matrix . Conclusions : Our results support the demand for a careful and atraumatic suture technique in microvascular surgery . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: distribution, Laminin, surgery, methods, Autografts, common carotid artery, Wistar rats, distribution, Laminin, distribution, Laminin, function, single, intima, Laminin, distance, vessel, cells, media, axis, direction, Laminin - positive, vasa vasorum, hyperplasia, autograft, Laminin - positive, extracellular matrix, suture technique, surgery Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]	Aim : To investigate the distribution of Laminin in experimental microvascular surgery . Material and methods : Autografts ( 4 mm ) of the left common carotid artery in 20 Wistar rats were harvested after 4 weeks . The specimens were investigated immunohistochemically for the demonstration and distribution of Laminin . Results : The demonstration and distribution pattern of Laminin was a function of the accuracy of each single suture . In the intima , the organisation and amount of Laminin was directed to the lumen and dependent from the distance and vitality of the vessel segments ' cells . The media had in its axis direction the lowest reparative potency to regenerate the continuity break . The adventitia formed a thick cuff around the anastomosis , which was circularly grown through with Laminin-positive vasa vasorum . The marked myointimal hyperplasia in the area around the anastomosis and in the entire autograft was constituted of Laminin-positive extracellular matrix . Conclusions : Our results support the demand for a careful and atraumatic suture technique in microvascular surgery .	[ "Aim", ":", "To", "investigate", "the", "distribution", "of", "Laminin", "in", "experimental", "microvascular", "surgery", ".", "Material", "and", "methods", ":", "Autografts", "(", "4", "mm", ")", "of", "the", "left", "common", "carotid", "artery", "in", "20", "Wistar", "rats", "were", "harvested", "after", "4", "weeks", ".", "The", "specimens", "were", "investigated", "immunohistochemically", "for", "the", "demonstration", "and", "distribution", "of", "Laminin", ".", "Results", ":", "The", "demonstration", "and", "distribution", "pattern", "of", "Laminin", "was", "a", "function", "of", "the", "accuracy", "of", "each", "single", "suture", ".", "In", "the", "intima", ",", "the", "organisation", "and", "amount", "of", "Laminin", "was", "directed", "to", "the", "lumen", "and", "dependent", "from", "the", "distance", "and", "vitality", "of", "the", "vessel", "segments", "'", "cells", ".", "The", "media", "had", "in", "its", "axis", "direction", "the", "lowest", "reparative", "potency", "to", "regenerate", "the", "continuity", "break", ".", "The", "adventitia", "formed", "a", "thick", "cuff", "around", "the", "anastomosis", ",", "which", "was", "circularly", "grown", "through", "with", "Laminin", "-", "positive", "vasa", "vasorum", ".", "The", "marked", "myointimal", "hyperplasia", "in", "the", "area", "around", "the", "anastomosis", "and", "in", "the", "entire", "autograft", "was", "constituted", "of", "Laminin", "-", "positive", "extracellular", "matrix", ".", "Conclusions", ":", "Our", "results", "support", "the", "demand", "for", "a", "careful", "and", "atraumatic", "suture", "technique", "in", "microvascular", "surgery", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
distribution, Laminin, surgery, methods, Autografts, common carotid artery, Wistar rats, distribution, Laminin, distribution, Laminin, function, single, intima, Laminin, distance, vessel, cells, media, axis, direction, Laminin - positive, vasa vasorum, hyperplasia, autograft, Laminin - positive, extracellular matrix, suture technique, surgery	MundKieferGesichtschirurgie.80020118.eng.abstr_task2	Sentence: Aim : To investigate the distribution of Laminin in experimental microvascular surgery . Material and methods : Autografts ( 4 mm ) of the left common carotid artery in 20 Wistar rats were harvested after 4 weeks . The specimens were investigated immunohistochemically for the demonstration and distribution of Laminin . Results : The demonstration and distribution pattern of Laminin was a function of the accuracy of each single suture . In the intima , the organisation and amount of Laminin was directed to the lumen and dependent from the distance and vitality of the vessel segments ' cells . The media had in its axis direction the lowest reparative potency to regenerate the continuity break . The adventitia formed a thick cuff around the anastomosis , which was circularly grown through with Laminin-positive vasa vasorum . The marked myointimal hyperplasia in the area around the anastomosis and in the entire autograft was constituted of Laminin-positive extracellular matrix . Conclusions : Our results support the demand for a careful and atraumatic suture technique in microvascular surgery . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]	Aim : To investigate the distribution of Laminin in experimental microvascular surgery . Material and methods : Autografts ( 4 mm ) of the left common carotid artery in 20 Wistar rats were harvested after 4 weeks . The specimens were investigated immunohistochemically for the demonstration and distribution of Laminin . Results : The demonstration and distribution pattern of Laminin was a function of the accuracy of each single suture . In the intima , the organisation and amount of Laminin was directed to the lumen and dependent from the distance and vitality of the vessel segments ' cells . The media had in its axis direction the lowest reparative potency to regenerate the continuity break . The adventitia formed a thick cuff around the anastomosis , which was circularly grown through with Laminin-positive vasa vasorum . The marked myointimal hyperplasia in the area around the anastomosis and in the entire autograft was constituted of Laminin-positive extracellular matrix . Conclusions : Our results support the demand for a careful and atraumatic suture technique in microvascular surgery .	[ "Aim", ":", "To", "investigate", "the", "distribution", "of", "Laminin", "in", "experimental", "microvascular", "surgery", ".", "Material", "and", "methods", ":", "Autografts", "(", "4", "mm", ")", "of", "the", "left", "common", "carotid", "artery", "in", "20", "Wistar", "rats", "were", "harvested", "after", "4", "weeks", ".", "The", "specimens", "were", "investigated", "immunohistochemically", "for", "the", "demonstration", "and", "distribution", "of", "Laminin", ".", "Results", ":", "The", "demonstration", "and", "distribution", "pattern", "of", "Laminin", "was", "a", "function", "of", "the", "accuracy", "of", "each", "single", "suture", ".", "In", "the", "intima", ",", "the", "organisation", "and", "amount", "of", "Laminin", "was", "directed", "to", "the", "lumen", "and", "dependent", "from", "the", "distance", "and", "vitality", "of", "the", "vessel", "segments", "'", "cells", ".", "The", "media", "had", "in", "its", "axis", "direction", "the", "lowest", "reparative", "potency", "to", "regenerate", "the", "continuity", "break", ".", "The", "adventitia", "formed", "a", "thick", "cuff", "around", "the", "anastomosis", ",", "which", "was", "circularly", "grown", "through", "with", "Laminin", "-", "positive", "vasa", "vasorum", ".", "The", "marked", "myointimal", "hyperplasia", "in", "the", "area", "around", "the", "anastomosis", "and", "in", "the", "entire", "autograft", "was", "constituted", "of", "Laminin", "-", "positive", "extracellular", "matrix", ".", "Conclusions", ":", "Our", "results", "support", "the", "demand", "for", "a", "careful", "and", "atraumatic", "suture", "technique", "in", "microvascular", "surgery", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
vacuolar invertase is a protein, sucrose is a compound	DS.d1357_task0	Sentence: These were mutated in onion vacuolar invertase (acINV) according to the residue in festuca sucrose : sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (saSST) and vice versa. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: compound, protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	These were mutated in onion vacuolar invertase (acINV) according to the residue in festuca sucrose : sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (saSST) and vice versa.	[ "These", "were", "mutated", "in", "onion", "vacuolar", "invertase", "(", "acINV", ")", "according", "to", "the", "residue", "in", "festuca", "sucrose", ":", "sucrose", "1-fructosyltransferase", "(", "saSST", ")", "and", "vice", "versa", "." ]	[ "protein", "compound" ]
vacuolar invertase is a protein, sucrose is a compound	DS.d1357_task1	Sentence: These were mutated in onion vacuolar invertase (acINV) according to the residue in festuca sucrose : sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (saSST) and vice versa. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: vacuolar invertase, sucrose Options: compound, protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	These were mutated in onion vacuolar invertase (acINV) according to the residue in festuca sucrose : sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (saSST) and vice versa.	[ "These", "were", "mutated", "in", "onion", "vacuolar", "invertase", "(", "acINV", ")", "according", "to", "the", "residue", "in", "festuca", "sucrose", ":", "sucrose", "1-fructosyltransferase", "(", "saSST", ")", "and", "vice", "versa", "." ]	[ "protein", "compound" ]
vacuolar invertase, sucrose	DS.d1357_task2	Sentence: These were mutated in onion vacuolar invertase (acINV) according to the residue in festuca sucrose : sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (saSST) and vice versa. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	These were mutated in onion vacuolar invertase (acINV) according to the residue in festuca sucrose : sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (saSST) and vice versa.	[ "These", "were", "mutated", "in", "onion", "vacuolar", "invertase", "(", "acINV", ")", "according", "to", "the", "residue", "in", "festuca", "sucrose", ":", "sucrose", "1-fructosyltransferase", "(", "saSST", ")", "and", "vice", "versa", "." ]	[ "protein", "compound" ]
This study investigated whether instruction that involves comparing the equal sign with other relational symbols is more effective at imparting a relational interpretation of the equal sign than instruction about the equal sign alone is a Intervention_Educational, Third- and fourth - grade students in a comparing symbols group learned about the greater than , less than , and equal signs and had the opportunity to compare the inequality symbols with the equal sign is a Intervention_Educational, Students in an equal sign group learned about the equal sign only is a Intervention_Educational, control group is a Intervention_Control, conceptual understanding of the equal sign is a Outcome_Mental, equation encoding is a Outcome_Mental, problem solving is a Outcome_Mental, posttest that assessed knowledge about inequality symbols and inequality problem solving is a Outcome_Mental	45807_task0	Sentence: Learning about the equal sign : does comparing with inequality symbols help ? This study investigated whether instruction that involves comparing the equal sign with other relational symbols is more effective at imparting a relational interpretation of the equal sign than instruction about the equal sign alone . Third- and fourth-grade students in a comparing symbols group learned about the greater than , less than , and equal signs and had the opportunity to compare the inequality symbols with the equal sign . Students in an equal sign group learned about the equal sign only . A third group of students served as a control group . Three aspects of students ' knowledge were assessed before and after the lesson : ( a ) conceptual understanding of the equal sign , ( b ) equation encoding , and ( c ) problem solving . Students in the comparing symbols group showed greater gains in conceptual understanding from pretest to posttest than students in the other two groups , and students in the comparing symbols group also scored higher on a posttest that assessed knowledge about inequality symbols and inequality problem solving . Thus , they learned about three symbols in the same amount of time as other students learned about the equal sign alone or not at all . Therefore , an instructional approach involving comparison can be an effective tool for learning about concepts in mathematics . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Educational, Intervention_Control, Outcome_Mental	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Learning about the equal sign : does comparing with inequality symbols help ? This study investigated whether instruction that involves comparing the equal sign with other relational symbols is more effective at imparting a relational interpretation of the equal sign than instruction about the equal sign alone . Third- and fourth-grade students in a comparing symbols group learned about the greater than , less than , and equal signs and had the opportunity to compare the inequality symbols with the equal sign . Students in an equal sign group learned about the equal sign only . A third group of students served as a control group . Three aspects of students ' knowledge were assessed before and after the lesson : ( a ) conceptual understanding of the equal sign , ( b ) equation encoding , and ( c ) problem solving . Students in the comparing symbols group showed greater gains in conceptual understanding from pretest to posttest than students in the other two groups , and students in the comparing symbols group also scored higher on a posttest that assessed knowledge about inequality symbols and inequality problem solving . Thus , they learned about three symbols in the same amount of time as other students learned about the equal sign alone or not at all . Therefore , an instructional approach involving comparison can be an effective tool for learning about concepts in mathematics .	[ "Learning", "about", "the", "equal", "sign", ":", "does", "comparing", "with", "inequality", "symbols", "help", "?", "This", "study", "investigated", "whether", "instruction", "that", "involves", "comparing", "the", "equal", "sign", "with", "other", "relational", "symbols", "is", "more", "effective", "at", "imparting", "a", "relational", "interpretation", "of", "the", "equal", "sign", "than", "instruction", "about", "the", "equal", "sign", "alone", ".", "Third-", "and", "fourth", "-", "grade", "students", "in", "a", "comparing", "symbols", "group", "learned", "about", "the", "greater", "than", ",", "less", "than", ",", "and", "equal", "signs", "and", "had", "the", "opportunity", "to", "compare", "the", "inequality", "symbols", "with", "the", "equal", "sign", ".", "Students", "in", "an", "equal", "sign", "group", "learned", "about", "the", "equal", "sign", "only", ".", "A", "third", "group", "of", "students", "served", "as", "a", "control", "group", ".", "Three", "aspects", "of", "students", "'", "knowledge", "were", "assessed", "before", "and", "after", "the", "lesson", ":", "(", "a", ")", "conceptual", "understanding", "of", "the", "equal", "sign", ",", "(", "b", ")", "equation", "encoding", ",", "and", "(", "c", ")", "problem", "solving", ".", "Students", "in", "the", "comparing", "symbols", "group", "showed", "greater", "gains", "in", "conceptual", "understanding", "from", "pretest", "to", "posttest", "than", "students", "in", "the", "other", "two", "groups", ",", "and", "students", "in", "the", "comparing", "symbols", "group", "also", "scored", "higher", "on", "a", "posttest", "that", "assessed", "knowledge", "about", "inequality", "symbols", "and", "inequality", "problem", "solving", ".", "Thus", ",", "they", "learned", "about", "three", "symbols", "in", "the", "same", "amount", "of", "time", "as", "other", "students", "learned", "about", "the", "equal", "sign", "alone", "or", "not", "at", "all", ".", "Therefore", ",", "an", "instructional", "approach", "involving", "comparison", "can", "be", "an", "effective", "tool", "for", "learning", "about", "concepts", "in", "mathematics", "." ]	[ "Intervention_Educational", "Outcome_Mental", "Participant_Age", "Intervention_Control" ]
This study investigated whether instruction that involves comparing the equal sign with other relational symbols is more effective at imparting a relational interpretation of the equal sign than instruction about the equal sign alone is a Intervention_Educational, Third- and fourth - grade students in a comparing symbols group learned about the greater than , less than , and equal signs and had the opportunity to compare the inequality symbols with the equal sign is a Intervention_Educational, Students in an equal sign group learned about the equal sign only is a Intervention_Educational, control group is a Intervention_Control, conceptual understanding of the equal sign is a Outcome_Mental, equation encoding is a Outcome_Mental, problem solving is a Outcome_Mental, posttest that assessed knowledge about inequality symbols and inequality problem solving is a Outcome_Mental	45807_task1	Sentence: Learning about the equal sign : does comparing with inequality symbols help ? This study investigated whether instruction that involves comparing the equal sign with other relational symbols is more effective at imparting a relational interpretation of the equal sign than instruction about the equal sign alone . Third- and fourth-grade students in a comparing symbols group learned about the greater than , less than , and equal signs and had the opportunity to compare the inequality symbols with the equal sign . Students in an equal sign group learned about the equal sign only . A third group of students served as a control group . Three aspects of students ' knowledge were assessed before and after the lesson : ( a ) conceptual understanding of the equal sign , ( b ) equation encoding , and ( c ) problem solving . Students in the comparing symbols group showed greater gains in conceptual understanding from pretest to posttest than students in the other two groups , and students in the comparing symbols group also scored higher on a posttest that assessed knowledge about inequality symbols and inequality problem solving . Thus , they learned about three symbols in the same amount of time as other students learned about the equal sign alone or not at all . Therefore , an instructional approach involving comparison can be an effective tool for learning about concepts in mathematics . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: This study investigated whether instruction that involves comparing the equal sign with other relational symbols is more effective at imparting a relational interpretation of the equal sign than instruction about the equal sign alone, Third- and fourth - grade students in a comparing symbols group learned about the greater than , less than , and equal signs and had the opportunity to compare the inequality symbols with the equal sign, Students in an equal sign group learned about the equal sign only, control group, conceptual understanding of the equal sign, equation encoding, problem solving, posttest that assessed knowledge about inequality symbols and inequality problem solving Options: Intervention_Educational, Intervention_Control, Outcome_Mental	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Learning about the equal sign : does comparing with inequality symbols help ? This study investigated whether instruction that involves comparing the equal sign with other relational symbols is more effective at imparting a relational interpretation of the equal sign than instruction about the equal sign alone . Third- and fourth-grade students in a comparing symbols group learned about the greater than , less than , and equal signs and had the opportunity to compare the inequality symbols with the equal sign . Students in an equal sign group learned about the equal sign only . A third group of students served as a control group . Three aspects of students ' knowledge were assessed before and after the lesson : ( a ) conceptual understanding of the equal sign , ( b ) equation encoding , and ( c ) problem solving . Students in the comparing symbols group showed greater gains in conceptual understanding from pretest to posttest than students in the other two groups , and students in the comparing symbols group also scored higher on a posttest that assessed knowledge about inequality symbols and inequality problem solving . Thus , they learned about three symbols in the same amount of time as other students learned about the equal sign alone or not at all . Therefore , an instructional approach involving comparison can be an effective tool for learning about concepts in mathematics .	[ "Learning", "about", "the", "equal", "sign", ":", "does", "comparing", "with", "inequality", "symbols", "help", "?", "This", "study", "investigated", "whether", "instruction", "that", "involves", "comparing", "the", "equal", "sign", "with", "other", "relational", "symbols", "is", "more", "effective", "at", "imparting", "a", "relational", "interpretation", "of", "the", "equal", "sign", "than", "instruction", "about", "the", "equal", "sign", "alone", ".", "Third-", "and", "fourth", "-", "grade", "students", "in", "a", "comparing", "symbols", "group", "learned", "about", "the", "greater", "than", ",", "less", "than", ",", "and", "equal", "signs", "and", "had", "the", "opportunity", "to", "compare", "the", "inequality", "symbols", "with", "the", "equal", "sign", ".", "Students", "in", "an", "equal", "sign", "group", "learned", "about", "the", "equal", "sign", "only", ".", "A", "third", "group", "of", "students", "served", "as", "a", "control", "group", ".", "Three", "aspects", "of", "students", "'", "knowledge", "were", "assessed", "before", "and", "after", "the", "lesson", ":", "(", "a", ")", "conceptual", "understanding", "of", "the", "equal", "sign", ",", "(", "b", ")", "equation", "encoding", ",", "and", "(", "c", ")", "problem", "solving", ".", "Students", "in", "the", "comparing", "symbols", "group", "showed", "greater", "gains", "in", "conceptual", "understanding", "from", "pretest", "to", "posttest", "than", "students", "in", "the", "other", "two", "groups", ",", "and", "students", "in", "the", "comparing", "symbols", "group", "also", "scored", "higher", "on", "a", "posttest", "that", "assessed", "knowledge", "about", "inequality", "symbols", "and", "inequality", "problem", "solving", ".", "Thus", ",", "they", "learned", "about", "three", "symbols", "in", "the", "same", "amount", "of", "time", "as", "other", "students", "learned", "about", "the", "equal", "sign", "alone", "or", "not", "at", "all", ".", "Therefore", ",", "an", "instructional", "approach", "involving", "comparison", "can", "be", "an", "effective", "tool", "for", "learning", "about", "concepts", "in", "mathematics", "." ]	[ "Intervention_Educational", "Outcome_Mental", "Participant_Age", "Intervention_Control" ]
This study investigated whether instruction that involves comparing the equal sign with other relational symbols is more effective at imparting a relational interpretation of the equal sign than instruction about the equal sign alone, Third- and fourth - grade students in a comparing symbols group learned about the greater than , less than , and equal signs and had the opportunity to compare the inequality symbols with the equal sign, Students in an equal sign group learned about the equal sign only, control group, conceptual understanding of the equal sign, equation encoding, problem solving, posttest that assessed knowledge about inequality symbols and inequality problem solving	45807_task2	Sentence: Learning about the equal sign : does comparing with inequality symbols help ? This study investigated whether instruction that involves comparing the equal sign with other relational symbols is more effective at imparting a relational interpretation of the equal sign than instruction about the equal sign alone . Third- and fourth-grade students in a comparing symbols group learned about the greater than , less than , and equal signs and had the opportunity to compare the inequality symbols with the equal sign . Students in an equal sign group learned about the equal sign only . A third group of students served as a control group . Three aspects of students ' knowledge were assessed before and after the lesson : ( a ) conceptual understanding of the equal sign , ( b ) equation encoding , and ( c ) problem solving . Students in the comparing symbols group showed greater gains in conceptual understanding from pretest to posttest than students in the other two groups , and students in the comparing symbols group also scored higher on a posttest that assessed knowledge about inequality symbols and inequality problem solving . Thus , they learned about three symbols in the same amount of time as other students learned about the equal sign alone or not at all . Therefore , an instructional approach involving comparison can be an effective tool for learning about concepts in mathematics . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Learning about the equal sign : does comparing with inequality symbols help ? This study investigated whether instruction that involves comparing the equal sign with other relational symbols is more effective at imparting a relational interpretation of the equal sign than instruction about the equal sign alone . Third- and fourth-grade students in a comparing symbols group learned about the greater than , less than , and equal signs and had the opportunity to compare the inequality symbols with the equal sign . Students in an equal sign group learned about the equal sign only . A third group of students served as a control group . Three aspects of students ' knowledge were assessed before and after the lesson : ( a ) conceptual understanding of the equal sign , ( b ) equation encoding , and ( c ) problem solving . Students in the comparing symbols group showed greater gains in conceptual understanding from pretest to posttest than students in the other two groups , and students in the comparing symbols group also scored higher on a posttest that assessed knowledge about inequality symbols and inequality problem solving . Thus , they learned about three symbols in the same amount of time as other students learned about the equal sign alone or not at all . Therefore , an instructional approach involving comparison can be an effective tool for learning about concepts in mathematics .	[ "Learning", "about", "the", "equal", "sign", ":", "does", "comparing", "with", "inequality", "symbols", "help", "?", "This", "study", "investigated", "whether", "instruction", "that", "involves", "comparing", "the", "equal", "sign", "with", "other", "relational", "symbols", "is", "more", "effective", "at", "imparting", "a", "relational", "interpretation", "of", "the", "equal", "sign", "than", "instruction", "about", "the", "equal", "sign", "alone", ".", "Third-", "and", "fourth", "-", "grade", "students", "in", "a", "comparing", "symbols", "group", "learned", "about", "the", "greater", "than", ",", "less", "than", ",", "and", "equal", "signs", "and", "had", "the", "opportunity", "to", "compare", "the", "inequality", "symbols", "with", "the", "equal", "sign", ".", "Students", "in", "an", "equal", "sign", "group", "learned", "about", "the", "equal", "sign", "only", ".", "A", "third", "group", "of", "students", "served", "as", "a", "control", "group", ".", "Three", "aspects", "of", "students", "'", "knowledge", "were", "assessed", "before", "and", "after", "the", "lesson", ":", "(", "a", ")", "conceptual", "understanding", "of", "the", "equal", "sign", ",", "(", "b", ")", "equation", "encoding", ",", "and", "(", "c", ")", "problem", "solving", ".", "Students", "in", "the", "comparing", "symbols", "group", "showed", "greater", "gains", "in", "conceptual", "understanding", "from", "pretest", "to", "posttest", "than", "students", "in", "the", "other", "two", "groups", ",", "and", "students", "in", "the", "comparing", "symbols", "group", "also", "scored", "higher", "on", "a", "posttest", "that", "assessed", "knowledge", "about", "inequality", "symbols", "and", "inequality", "problem", "solving", ".", "Thus", ",", "they", "learned", "about", "three", "symbols", "in", "the", "same", "amount", "of", "time", "as", "other", "students", "learned", "about", "the", "equal", "sign", "alone", "or", "not", "at", "all", ".", "Therefore", ",", "an", "instructional", "approach", "involving", "comparison", "can", "be", "an", "effective", "tool", "for", "learning", "about", "concepts", "in", "mathematics", "." ]	[ "Intervention_Educational", "Outcome_Mental", "Participant_Age", "Intervention_Control" ]
HSF1 is a Protein, HSF1 is a Protein, IL1B is a Protein, c- fos is a Protein, HSF1 is a Protein, IL1B is a Protein, promoter is a Entity, HSF1 is a Protein, HSF1 is a Protein, TNF - alpha is a Protein, IL-1beta is a Protein, IL-6 is a Protein, IL-8 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, ICAM-1 is a Protein, IL1B is a Protein, promoter is a Entity, IL1B is a Protein, promoter is a Entity, HSF1 is a Protein, HSP70B is a Protein, promoter is a Entity, HSP70 is a Protein, HSF1 is a Protein, HSF1 is a Protein	176_task0	Sentence: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the expression of cytokines and induce HSP70 in human monocytes. Recent studies have shown that the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) activate heat shock transcription factor (HSF1) from a latent cytoplasmic form to a nuclear, DNA binding state. As HSF1 can function as both an activator of heat shock genes and a repressor of non-heat shock genes such as IL1B and c- fos, we have examined the potential role of HSF1 in the effects of NSAIDs on gene expression in a human monocytic cell line THP-1. We found that two members of the NSAIDs, sodium salicylate and sulindac repress the IL1B promoter to similar degree to heat shock or HSF1 overexpression. In addition, sodium salicylate and additional NSAIDs used at concentrations that activate HSF1 also inhibited the expression of other monocytic genes (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, ICAM-1) activated by exposure to a pro-inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). At least in the case of the IL1B promoter, repression did not seem to involve another factor whose activity is affected by the NSAIDs, NFkappaB as the IL1B promoter fragment used in our studies is not NFkappaB responsive and binds specifically to HSF1. Exposure to NSAIDs had a complex effect on HSP gene expression and while sulindac activated the stress responsive HSP70B promoter, sodium salicylate did not. In addition, only a subset of the NSAIDs induced HSP70 mRNA species. These findings reflect the properties of HSF1 which can be activated to at least two DNA binding forms only one of which activates heat shock promoters and suggest that individual NSAID family members may differentially induce one or other of these forms. Overall therefore, exposure to NSAIDs leads to a profound switch in gene expression in monocytic cells, with suppression of genes involved in macrophage activation and induction of stress genes and HSF1 appears to play a regulatory role in these effects. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Entity, Protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "B-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "B-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "B-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "B-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the expression of cytokines and induce HSP70 in human monocytes. Recent studies have shown that the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) activate heat shock transcription factor (HSF1) from a latent cytoplasmic form to a nuclear, DNA binding state. As HSF1 can function as both an activator of heat shock genes and a repressor of non-heat shock genes such as IL1B and c- fos, we have examined the potential role of HSF1 in the effects of NSAIDs on gene expression in a human monocytic cell line THP-1. We found that two members of the NSAIDs, sodium salicylate and sulindac repress the IL1B promoter to similar degree to heat shock or HSF1 overexpression. In addition, sodium salicylate and additional NSAIDs used at concentrations that activate HSF1 also inhibited the expression of other monocytic genes (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, ICAM-1) activated by exposure to a pro-inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). At least in the case of the IL1B promoter, repression did not seem to involve another factor whose activity is affected by the NSAIDs, NFkappaB as the IL1B promoter fragment used in our studies is not NFkappaB responsive and binds specifically to HSF1. Exposure to NSAIDs had a complex effect on HSP gene expression and while sulindac activated the stress responsive HSP70B promoter, sodium salicylate did not. In addition, only a subset of the NSAIDs induced HSP70 mRNA species. These findings reflect the properties of HSF1 which can be activated to at least two DNA binding forms only one of which activates heat shock promoters and suggest that individual NSAID family members may differentially induce one or other of these forms. Overall therefore, exposure to NSAIDs leads to a profound switch in gene expression in monocytic cells, with suppression of genes involved in macrophage activation and induction of stress genes and HSF1 appears to play a regulatory role in these effects. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.	[ "Non", "-", "steroidal", "anti", "-", "inflammatory", "drugs", "inhibit", "the", "expression", "of", "cytokines", "and", "induce", "HSP70", "in", "human", "monocytes", ".", "\n", "Recent", "studies", "have", "shown", "that", "the", "non", "-", "steroidal", "anti", "-", "inflammatory", "drugs", "(", "NSAIDs", ")", "activate", "heat", "shock", "transcription", "factor", "(", "HSF1", ")", "from", "a", "latent", "cytoplasmic", "form", "to", "a", "nuclear", ",", "DNA", "binding", "state", ".", "As", "HSF1", "can", "function", "as", "both", "an", "activator", "of", "heat", "shock", "genes", "and", "a", "repressor", "of", "non", "-", "heat", "shock", "genes", "such", "as", "IL1B", "and", "c-", "fos", ",", "we", "have", "examined", "the", "potential", "role", "of", "HSF1", "in", "the", "effects", "of", "NSAIDs", "on", "gene", "expression", "in", "a", "human", "monocytic", "cell", "line", "THP-1", ".", "We", "found", "that", "two", "members", "of", "the", "NSAIDs", ",", "sodium", "salicylate", "and", "sulindac", "repress", "the", "IL1B", "promoter", "to", "similar", "degree", "to", "heat", "shock", "or", "HSF1", "overexpression", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "sodium", "salicylate", "and", "additional", "NSAIDs", "used", "at", "concentrations", "that", "activate", "HSF1", "also", "inhibited", "the", "expression", "of", "other", "monocytic", "genes", "(", "TNF", "-", "alpha", ",", "IL-1beta", ",", "IL-6", ",", "IL-8", ",", "IL-10", ",", "ICAM-1", ")", "activated", "by", "exposure", "to", "a", "pro", "-", "inflammatory", "stimulus", "(", "lipopolysaccharide", ",", "LPS", ")", ".", "At", "least", "in", "the", "case", "of", "the", "IL1B", "promoter", ",", "repression", "did", "not", "seem", "to", "involve", "another", "factor", "whose", "activity", "is", "affected", "by", "the", "NSAIDs", ",", "NFkappaB", "as", "the", "IL1B", "promoter", "fragment", "used", "in", "our", "studies", "is", "not", "NFkappaB", "responsive", "and", "binds", "specifically", "to", "HSF1", ".", "Exposure", "to", "NSAIDs", "had", "a", "complex", "effect", "on", "HSP", "gene", "expression", "and", "while", "sulindac", "activated", "the", "stress", "responsive", "HSP70B", "promoter", ",", "sodium", "salicylate", "did", "not", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "only", "a", "subset", "of", "the", "NSAIDs", "induced", "HSP70", "mRNA", "species", ".", "These", "findings", "reflect", "the", "properties", "of", "HSF1", "which", "can", "be", "activated", "to", "at", "least", "two", "DNA", "binding", "forms", "only", "one", "of", "which", "activates", "heat", "shock", "promoters", "and", "suggest", "that", "individual", "NSAID", "family", "members", "may", "differentially", "induce", "one", "or", "other", "of", "these", "forms", ".", "Overall", "therefore", ",", "exposure", "to", "NSAIDs", "leads", "to", "a", "profound", "switch", "in", "gene", "expression", "in", "monocytic", "cells", ",", "with", "suppression", "of", "genes", "involved", "in", "macrophage", "activation", "and", "induction", "of", "stress", "genes", "and", "HSF1", "appears", "to", "play", "a", "regulatory", "role", "in", "these", "effects", ".", "Copyright", "1999", "Academic", "Press", "." ]	[ "Protein", "Entity" ]
HSF1 is a Protein, HSF1 is a Protein, IL1B is a Protein, c- fos is a Protein, HSF1 is a Protein, IL1B is a Protein, promoter is a Entity, HSF1 is a Protein, HSF1 is a Protein, TNF - alpha is a Protein, IL-1beta is a Protein, IL-6 is a Protein, IL-8 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, ICAM-1 is a Protein, IL1B is a Protein, promoter is a Entity, IL1B is a Protein, promoter is a Entity, HSF1 is a Protein, HSP70B is a Protein, promoter is a Entity, HSP70 is a Protein, HSF1 is a Protein, HSF1 is a Protein	176_task1	Sentence: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the expression of cytokines and induce HSP70 in human monocytes. Recent studies have shown that the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) activate heat shock transcription factor (HSF1) from a latent cytoplasmic form to a nuclear, DNA binding state. As HSF1 can function as both an activator of heat shock genes and a repressor of non-heat shock genes such as IL1B and c- fos, we have examined the potential role of HSF1 in the effects of NSAIDs on gene expression in a human monocytic cell line THP-1. We found that two members of the NSAIDs, sodium salicylate and sulindac repress the IL1B promoter to similar degree to heat shock or HSF1 overexpression. In addition, sodium salicylate and additional NSAIDs used at concentrations that activate HSF1 also inhibited the expression of other monocytic genes (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, ICAM-1) activated by exposure to a pro-inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). At least in the case of the IL1B promoter, repression did not seem to involve another factor whose activity is affected by the NSAIDs, NFkappaB as the IL1B promoter fragment used in our studies is not NFkappaB responsive and binds specifically to HSF1. Exposure to NSAIDs had a complex effect on HSP gene expression and while sulindac activated the stress responsive HSP70B promoter, sodium salicylate did not. In addition, only a subset of the NSAIDs induced HSP70 mRNA species. These findings reflect the properties of HSF1 which can be activated to at least two DNA binding forms only one of which activates heat shock promoters and suggest that individual NSAID family members may differentially induce one or other of these forms. Overall therefore, exposure to NSAIDs leads to a profound switch in gene expression in monocytic cells, with suppression of genes involved in macrophage activation and induction of stress genes and HSF1 appears to play a regulatory role in these effects. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: HSF1, HSF1, IL1B, c- fos, HSF1, IL1B, promoter, HSF1, HSF1, TNF - alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, ICAM-1, IL1B, promoter, IL1B, promoter, HSF1, HSP70B, promoter, HSP70, HSF1, HSF1 Options: Entity, Protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "B-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "B-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "B-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "B-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the expression of cytokines and induce HSP70 in human monocytes. Recent studies have shown that the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) activate heat shock transcription factor (HSF1) from a latent cytoplasmic form to a nuclear, DNA binding state. As HSF1 can function as both an activator of heat shock genes and a repressor of non-heat shock genes such as IL1B and c- fos, we have examined the potential role of HSF1 in the effects of NSAIDs on gene expression in a human monocytic cell line THP-1. We found that two members of the NSAIDs, sodium salicylate and sulindac repress the IL1B promoter to similar degree to heat shock or HSF1 overexpression. In addition, sodium salicylate and additional NSAIDs used at concentrations that activate HSF1 also inhibited the expression of other monocytic genes (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, ICAM-1) activated by exposure to a pro-inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). At least in the case of the IL1B promoter, repression did not seem to involve another factor whose activity is affected by the NSAIDs, NFkappaB as the IL1B promoter fragment used in our studies is not NFkappaB responsive and binds specifically to HSF1. Exposure to NSAIDs had a complex effect on HSP gene expression and while sulindac activated the stress responsive HSP70B promoter, sodium salicylate did not. In addition, only a subset of the NSAIDs induced HSP70 mRNA species. These findings reflect the properties of HSF1 which can be activated to at least two DNA binding forms only one of which activates heat shock promoters and suggest that individual NSAID family members may differentially induce one or other of these forms. Overall therefore, exposure to NSAIDs leads to a profound switch in gene expression in monocytic cells, with suppression of genes involved in macrophage activation and induction of stress genes and HSF1 appears to play a regulatory role in these effects. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.	[ "Non", "-", "steroidal", "anti", "-", "inflammatory", "drugs", "inhibit", "the", "expression", "of", "cytokines", "and", "induce", "HSP70", "in", "human", "monocytes", ".", "\n", "Recent", "studies", "have", "shown", "that", "the", "non", "-", "steroidal", "anti", "-", "inflammatory", "drugs", "(", "NSAIDs", ")", "activate", "heat", "shock", "transcription", "factor", "(", "HSF1", ")", "from", "a", "latent", "cytoplasmic", "form", "to", "a", "nuclear", ",", "DNA", "binding", "state", ".", "As", "HSF1", "can", "function", "as", "both", "an", "activator", "of", "heat", "shock", "genes", "and", "a", "repressor", "of", "non", "-", "heat", "shock", "genes", "such", "as", "IL1B", "and", "c-", "fos", ",", "we", "have", "examined", "the", "potential", "role", "of", "HSF1", "in", "the", "effects", "of", "NSAIDs", "on", "gene", "expression", "in", "a", "human", "monocytic", "cell", "line", "THP-1", ".", "We", "found", "that", "two", "members", "of", "the", "NSAIDs", ",", "sodium", "salicylate", "and", "sulindac", "repress", "the", "IL1B", "promoter", "to", "similar", "degree", "to", "heat", "shock", "or", "HSF1", "overexpression", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "sodium", "salicylate", "and", "additional", "NSAIDs", "used", "at", "concentrations", "that", "activate", "HSF1", "also", "inhibited", "the", "expression", "of", "other", "monocytic", "genes", "(", "TNF", "-", "alpha", ",", "IL-1beta", ",", "IL-6", ",", "IL-8", ",", "IL-10", ",", "ICAM-1", ")", "activated", "by", "exposure", "to", "a", "pro", "-", "inflammatory", "stimulus", "(", "lipopolysaccharide", ",", "LPS", ")", ".", "At", "least", "in", "the", "case", "of", "the", "IL1B", "promoter", ",", "repression", "did", "not", "seem", "to", "involve", "another", "factor", "whose", "activity", "is", "affected", "by", "the", "NSAIDs", ",", "NFkappaB", "as", "the", "IL1B", "promoter", "fragment", "used", "in", "our", "studies", "is", "not", "NFkappaB", "responsive", "and", "binds", "specifically", "to", "HSF1", ".", "Exposure", "to", "NSAIDs", "had", "a", "complex", "effect", "on", "HSP", "gene", "expression", "and", "while", "sulindac", "activated", "the", "stress", "responsive", "HSP70B", "promoter", ",", "sodium", "salicylate", "did", "not", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "only", "a", "subset", "of", "the", "NSAIDs", "induced", "HSP70", "mRNA", "species", ".", "These", "findings", "reflect", "the", "properties", "of", "HSF1", "which", "can", "be", "activated", "to", "at", "least", "two", "DNA", "binding", "forms", "only", "one", "of", "which", "activates", "heat", "shock", "promoters", "and", "suggest", "that", "individual", "NSAID", "family", "members", "may", "differentially", "induce", "one", "or", "other", "of", "these", "forms", ".", "Overall", "therefore", ",", "exposure", "to", "NSAIDs", "leads", "to", "a", "profound", "switch", "in", "gene", "expression", "in", "monocytic", "cells", ",", "with", "suppression", "of", "genes", "involved", "in", "macrophage", "activation", "and", "induction", "of", "stress", "genes", "and", "HSF1", "appears", "to", "play", "a", "regulatory", "role", "in", "these", "effects", ".", "Copyright", "1999", "Academic", "Press", "." ]	[ "Protein", "Entity" ]
HSF1, HSF1, IL1B, c- fos, HSF1, IL1B, promoter, HSF1, HSF1, TNF - alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, ICAM-1, IL1B, promoter, IL1B, promoter, HSF1, HSP70B, promoter, HSP70, HSF1, HSF1	176_task2	Sentence: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the expression of cytokines and induce HSP70 in human monocytes. Recent studies have shown that the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) activate heat shock transcription factor (HSF1) from a latent cytoplasmic form to a nuclear, DNA binding state. As HSF1 can function as both an activator of heat shock genes and a repressor of non-heat shock genes such as IL1B and c- fos, we have examined the potential role of HSF1 in the effects of NSAIDs on gene expression in a human monocytic cell line THP-1. We found that two members of the NSAIDs, sodium salicylate and sulindac repress the IL1B promoter to similar degree to heat shock or HSF1 overexpression. In addition, sodium salicylate and additional NSAIDs used at concentrations that activate HSF1 also inhibited the expression of other monocytic genes (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, ICAM-1) activated by exposure to a pro-inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). At least in the case of the IL1B promoter, repression did not seem to involve another factor whose activity is affected by the NSAIDs, NFkappaB as the IL1B promoter fragment used in our studies is not NFkappaB responsive and binds specifically to HSF1. Exposure to NSAIDs had a complex effect on HSP gene expression and while sulindac activated the stress responsive HSP70B promoter, sodium salicylate did not. In addition, only a subset of the NSAIDs induced HSP70 mRNA species. These findings reflect the properties of HSF1 which can be activated to at least two DNA binding forms only one of which activates heat shock promoters and suggest that individual NSAID family members may differentially induce one or other of these forms. Overall therefore, exposure to NSAIDs leads to a profound switch in gene expression in monocytic cells, with suppression of genes involved in macrophage activation and induction of stress genes and HSF1 appears to play a regulatory role in these effects. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "B-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "B-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "B-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "B-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the expression of cytokines and induce HSP70 in human monocytes. Recent studies have shown that the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) activate heat shock transcription factor (HSF1) from a latent cytoplasmic form to a nuclear, DNA binding state. As HSF1 can function as both an activator of heat shock genes and a repressor of non-heat shock genes such as IL1B and c- fos, we have examined the potential role of HSF1 in the effects of NSAIDs on gene expression in a human monocytic cell line THP-1. We found that two members of the NSAIDs, sodium salicylate and sulindac repress the IL1B promoter to similar degree to heat shock or HSF1 overexpression. In addition, sodium salicylate and additional NSAIDs used at concentrations that activate HSF1 also inhibited the expression of other monocytic genes (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, ICAM-1) activated by exposure to a pro-inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). At least in the case of the IL1B promoter, repression did not seem to involve another factor whose activity is affected by the NSAIDs, NFkappaB as the IL1B promoter fragment used in our studies is not NFkappaB responsive and binds specifically to HSF1. Exposure to NSAIDs had a complex effect on HSP gene expression and while sulindac activated the stress responsive HSP70B promoter, sodium salicylate did not. In addition, only a subset of the NSAIDs induced HSP70 mRNA species. These findings reflect the properties of HSF1 which can be activated to at least two DNA binding forms only one of which activates heat shock promoters and suggest that individual NSAID family members may differentially induce one or other of these forms. Overall therefore, exposure to NSAIDs leads to a profound switch in gene expression in monocytic cells, with suppression of genes involved in macrophage activation and induction of stress genes and HSF1 appears to play a regulatory role in these effects. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.	[ "Non", "-", "steroidal", "anti", "-", "inflammatory", "drugs", "inhibit", "the", "expression", "of", "cytokines", "and", "induce", "HSP70", "in", "human", "monocytes", ".", "\n", "Recent", "studies", "have", "shown", "that", "the", "non", "-", "steroidal", "anti", "-", "inflammatory", "drugs", "(", "NSAIDs", ")", "activate", "heat", "shock", "transcription", "factor", "(", "HSF1", ")", "from", "a", "latent", "cytoplasmic", "form", "to", "a", "nuclear", ",", "DNA", "binding", "state", ".", "As", "HSF1", "can", "function", "as", "both", "an", "activator", "of", "heat", "shock", "genes", "and", "a", "repressor", "of", "non", "-", "heat", "shock", "genes", "such", "as", "IL1B", "and", "c-", "fos", ",", "we", "have", "examined", "the", "potential", "role", "of", "HSF1", "in", "the", "effects", "of", "NSAIDs", "on", "gene", "expression", "in", "a", "human", "monocytic", "cell", "line", "THP-1", ".", "We", "found", "that", "two", "members", "of", "the", "NSAIDs", ",", "sodium", "salicylate", "and", "sulindac", "repress", "the", "IL1B", "promoter", "to", "similar", "degree", "to", "heat", "shock", "or", "HSF1", "overexpression", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "sodium", "salicylate", "and", "additional", "NSAIDs", "used", "at", "concentrations", "that", "activate", "HSF1", "also", "inhibited", "the", "expression", "of", "other", "monocytic", "genes", "(", "TNF", "-", "alpha", ",", "IL-1beta", ",", "IL-6", ",", "IL-8", ",", "IL-10", ",", "ICAM-1", ")", "activated", "by", "exposure", "to", "a", "pro", "-", "inflammatory", "stimulus", "(", "lipopolysaccharide", ",", "LPS", ")", ".", "At", "least", "in", "the", "case", "of", "the", "IL1B", "promoter", ",", "repression", "did", "not", "seem", "to", "involve", "another", "factor", "whose", "activity", "is", "affected", "by", "the", "NSAIDs", ",", "NFkappaB", "as", "the", "IL1B", "promoter", "fragment", "used", "in", "our", "studies", "is", "not", "NFkappaB", "responsive", "and", "binds", "specifically", "to", "HSF1", ".", "Exposure", "to", "NSAIDs", "had", "a", "complex", "effect", "on", "HSP", "gene", "expression", "and", "while", "sulindac", "activated", "the", "stress", "responsive", "HSP70B", "promoter", ",", "sodium", "salicylate", "did", "not", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "only", "a", "subset", "of", "the", "NSAIDs", "induced", "HSP70", "mRNA", "species", ".", "These", "findings", "reflect", "the", "properties", "of", "HSF1", "which", "can", "be", "activated", "to", "at", "least", "two", "DNA", "binding", "forms", "only", "one", "of", "which", "activates", "heat", "shock", "promoters", "and", "suggest", "that", "individual", "NSAID", "family", "members", "may", "differentially", "induce", "one", "or", "other", "of", "these", "forms", ".", "Overall", "therefore", ",", "exposure", "to", "NSAIDs", "leads", "to", "a", "profound", "switch", "in", "gene", "expression", "in", "monocytic", "cells", ",", "with", "suppression", "of", "genes", "involved", "in", "macrophage", "activation", "and", "induction", "of", "stress", "genes", "and", "HSF1", "appears", "to", "play", "a", "regulatory", "role", "in", "these", "effects", ".", "Copyright", "1999", "Academic", "Press", "." ]	[ "Protein", "Entity" ]
TCF-1 is a protein_molecule, T lymphocyte - specific transcription factor is a protein_family_or_group, sequence - specific HMG box is a protein_domain_or_region	92312_task0	Sentence: Identification and cloning of TCF-1, a T lymphocyte-specific transcription factor containing a sequence-specific HMG box. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: protein_family_or_group, protein_domain_or_region, protein_molecule	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein_molecule", "O", "O", "B-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "O", "O", "B-protein_domain_or_region", "I-protein_domain_or_region", "I-protein_domain_or_region", "I-protein_domain_or_region", "I-protein_domain_or_region", "O" ]	Identification and cloning of TCF-1, a T lymphocyte-specific transcription factor containing a sequence-specific HMG box.	[ "Identification", "and", "cloning", "of", "TCF-1", ",", "a", "T", "lymphocyte", "-", "specific", "transcription", "factor", "containing", "a", "sequence", "-", "specific", "HMG", "box", "." ]	[ "DNA_domain_or_region", "protein_family_or_group", "protein_domain_or_region", "mono_cell", "other_name", "cell_type", "RNA_molecule", "protein_molecule" ]
TCF-1 is a protein_molecule, T lymphocyte - specific transcription factor is a protein_family_or_group, sequence - specific HMG box is a protein_domain_or_region	92312_task1	Sentence: Identification and cloning of TCF-1, a T lymphocyte-specific transcription factor containing a sequence-specific HMG box. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: TCF-1, T lymphocyte - specific transcription factor, sequence - specific HMG box Options: protein_family_or_group, protein_domain_or_region, protein_molecule	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein_molecule", "O", "O", "B-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "O", "O", "B-protein_domain_or_region", "I-protein_domain_or_region", "I-protein_domain_or_region", "I-protein_domain_or_region", "I-protein_domain_or_region", "O" ]	Identification and cloning of TCF-1, a T lymphocyte-specific transcription factor containing a sequence-specific HMG box.	[ "Identification", "and", "cloning", "of", "TCF-1", ",", "a", "T", "lymphocyte", "-", "specific", "transcription", "factor", "containing", "a", "sequence", "-", "specific", "HMG", "box", "." ]	[ "DNA_domain_or_region", "protein_family_or_group", "protein_domain_or_region", "mono_cell", "other_name", "cell_type", "RNA_molecule", "protein_molecule" ]
TCF-1, T lymphocyte - specific transcription factor, sequence - specific HMG box	92312_task2	Sentence: Identification and cloning of TCF-1, a T lymphocyte-specific transcription factor containing a sequence-specific HMG box. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein_molecule", "O", "O", "B-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "O", "O", "B-protein_domain_or_region", "I-protein_domain_or_region", "I-protein_domain_or_region", "I-protein_domain_or_region", "I-protein_domain_or_region", "O" ]	Identification and cloning of TCF-1, a T lymphocyte-specific transcription factor containing a sequence-specific HMG box.	[ "Identification", "and", "cloning", "of", "TCF-1", ",", "a", "T", "lymphocyte", "-", "specific", "transcription", "factor", "containing", "a", "sequence", "-", "specific", "HMG", "box", "." ]	[ "DNA_domain_or_region", "protein_family_or_group", "protein_domain_or_region", "mono_cell", "other_name", "cell_type", "RNA_molecule", "protein_molecule" ]
repair is an umlsterm, ruptures is an umlsterm, knee joint is an umlsterm, transfer of tendons is an umlsterm, wires is an umlsterm, ruptures is an umlsterm, migration is an umlsterm, patella is an umlsterm, external fixator is an umlsterm, patella is an umlsterm, anatomical is an umlsterm, reinsertion is an umlsterm, period is an umlsterm, postoperative is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, motion is an umlsterm, knee joint is an umlsterm, weightbearing is an umlsterm, technique is an umlsterm, periods is an umlsterm, immobilisation is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, displacement is an umlsterm, patella is an umlsterm, patella is an umlsterm, repair is an umlsterm	DerUnfallchirurg.91020197.eng.abstr_task0	Sentence: Operative repair in ruptures of the extensor mechanism of the knee joint mostly requires additional external or internal fixation by plaster , transfer of tendons or encircling wires . Reconstruction of initially undiagnosed ruptures has to solve the problems of fixed proximal or distal migration of the patella and tendenous shortening . This can be performed with a tibiopatellar external fixator which allows gradually reduction of the patella in an anatomical position before operative reconstruction by suturing or reinsertion . During this period as well as a postoperative protection this fixator enables patients to maintain motion of the knee joint and full weightbearing . This technique can avoid poor functional results caused by long periods of immobilisation and is helpful in patients with marked displacement of the patella and inability to manually reduce the patella distally when delayed repair is necessitated . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]	Operative repair in ruptures of the extensor mechanism of the knee joint mostly requires additional external or internal fixation by plaster , transfer of tendons or encircling wires . Reconstruction of initially undiagnosed ruptures has to solve the problems of fixed proximal or distal migration of the patella and tendenous shortening . This can be performed with a tibiopatellar external fixator which allows gradually reduction of the patella in an anatomical position before operative reconstruction by suturing or reinsertion . During this period as well as a postoperative protection this fixator enables patients to maintain motion of the knee joint and full weightbearing . This technique can avoid poor functional results caused by long periods of immobilisation and is helpful in patients with marked displacement of the patella and inability to manually reduce the patella distally when delayed repair is necessitated .	[ "Operative", "repair", "in", "ruptures", "of", "the", "extensor", "mechanism", "of", "the", "knee", "joint", "mostly", "requires", "additional", "external", "or", "internal", "fixation", "by", "plaster", ",", "transfer", "of", "tendons", "or", "encircling", "wires", ".", "Reconstruction", "of", "initially", "undiagnosed", "ruptures", "has", "to", "solve", "the", "problems", "of", "fixed", "proximal", "or", "distal", "migration", "of", "the", "patella", "and", "tendenous", "shortening", ".", "This", "can", "be", "performed", "with", "a", "tibiopatellar", "external", "fixator", "which", "allows", "gradually", "reduction", "of", "the", "patella", "in", "an", "anatomical", "position", "before", "operative", "reconstruction", "by", "suturing", "or", "reinsertion", ".", "During", "this", "period", "as", "well", "as", "a", "postoperative", "protection", "this", "fixator", "enables", "patients", "to", "maintain", "motion", "of", "the", "knee", "joint", "and", "full", "weightbearing", ".", "This", "technique", "can", "avoid", "poor", "functional", "results", "caused", "by", "long", "periods", "of", "immobilisation", "and", "is", "helpful", "in", "patients", "with", "marked", "displacement", "of", "the", "patella", "and", "inability", "to", "manually", "reduce", "the", "patella", "distally", "when", "delayed", "repair", "is", "necessitated", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
repair is an umlsterm, ruptures is an umlsterm, knee joint is an umlsterm, transfer of tendons is an umlsterm, wires is an umlsterm, ruptures is an umlsterm, migration is an umlsterm, patella is an umlsterm, external fixator is an umlsterm, patella is an umlsterm, anatomical is an umlsterm, reinsertion is an umlsterm, period is an umlsterm, postoperative is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, motion is an umlsterm, knee joint is an umlsterm, weightbearing is an umlsterm, technique is an umlsterm, periods is an umlsterm, immobilisation is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, displacement is an umlsterm, patella is an umlsterm, patella is an umlsterm, repair is an umlsterm	DerUnfallchirurg.91020197.eng.abstr_task1	Sentence: Operative repair in ruptures of the extensor mechanism of the knee joint mostly requires additional external or internal fixation by plaster , transfer of tendons or encircling wires . Reconstruction of initially undiagnosed ruptures has to solve the problems of fixed proximal or distal migration of the patella and tendenous shortening . This can be performed with a tibiopatellar external fixator which allows gradually reduction of the patella in an anatomical position before operative reconstruction by suturing or reinsertion . During this period as well as a postoperative protection this fixator enables patients to maintain motion of the knee joint and full weightbearing . This technique can avoid poor functional results caused by long periods of immobilisation and is helpful in patients with marked displacement of the patella and inability to manually reduce the patella distally when delayed repair is necessitated . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: repair, ruptures, knee joint, transfer of tendons, wires, ruptures, migration, patella, external fixator, patella, anatomical, reinsertion, period, postoperative, patients, motion, knee joint, weightbearing, technique, periods, immobilisation, patients, displacement, patella, patella, repair Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]	Operative repair in ruptures of the extensor mechanism of the knee joint mostly requires additional external or internal fixation by plaster , transfer of tendons or encircling wires . Reconstruction of initially undiagnosed ruptures has to solve the problems of fixed proximal or distal migration of the patella and tendenous shortening . This can be performed with a tibiopatellar external fixator which allows gradually reduction of the patella in an anatomical position before operative reconstruction by suturing or reinsertion . During this period as well as a postoperative protection this fixator enables patients to maintain motion of the knee joint and full weightbearing . This technique can avoid poor functional results caused by long periods of immobilisation and is helpful in patients with marked displacement of the patella and inability to manually reduce the patella distally when delayed repair is necessitated .	[ "Operative", "repair", "in", "ruptures", "of", "the", "extensor", "mechanism", "of", "the", "knee", "joint", "mostly", "requires", "additional", "external", "or", "internal", "fixation", "by", "plaster", ",", "transfer", "of", "tendons", "or", "encircling", "wires", ".", "Reconstruction", "of", "initially", "undiagnosed", "ruptures", "has", "to", "solve", "the", "problems", "of", "fixed", "proximal", "or", "distal", "migration", "of", "the", "patella", "and", "tendenous", "shortening", ".", "This", "can", "be", "performed", "with", "a", "tibiopatellar", "external", "fixator", "which", "allows", "gradually", "reduction", "of", "the", "patella", "in", "an", "anatomical", "position", "before", "operative", "reconstruction", "by", "suturing", "or", "reinsertion", ".", "During", "this", "period", "as", "well", "as", "a", "postoperative", "protection", "this", "fixator", "enables", "patients", "to", "maintain", "motion", "of", "the", "knee", "joint", "and", "full", "weightbearing", ".", "This", "technique", "can", "avoid", "poor", "functional", "results", "caused", "by", "long", "periods", "of", "immobilisation", "and", "is", "helpful", "in", "patients", "with", "marked", "displacement", "of", "the", "patella", "and", "inability", "to", "manually", "reduce", "the", "patella", "distally", "when", "delayed", "repair", "is", "necessitated", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
repair, ruptures, knee joint, transfer of tendons, wires, ruptures, migration, patella, external fixator, patella, anatomical, reinsertion, period, postoperative, patients, motion, knee joint, weightbearing, technique, periods, immobilisation, patients, displacement, patella, patella, repair	DerUnfallchirurg.91020197.eng.abstr_task2	Sentence: Operative repair in ruptures of the extensor mechanism of the knee joint mostly requires additional external or internal fixation by plaster , transfer of tendons or encircling wires . Reconstruction of initially undiagnosed ruptures has to solve the problems of fixed proximal or distal migration of the patella and tendenous shortening . This can be performed with a tibiopatellar external fixator which allows gradually reduction of the patella in an anatomical position before operative reconstruction by suturing or reinsertion . During this period as well as a postoperative protection this fixator enables patients to maintain motion of the knee joint and full weightbearing . This technique can avoid poor functional results caused by long periods of immobilisation and is helpful in patients with marked displacement of the patella and inability to manually reduce the patella distally when delayed repair is necessitated . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]	Operative repair in ruptures of the extensor mechanism of the knee joint mostly requires additional external or internal fixation by plaster , transfer of tendons or encircling wires . Reconstruction of initially undiagnosed ruptures has to solve the problems of fixed proximal or distal migration of the patella and tendenous shortening . This can be performed with a tibiopatellar external fixator which allows gradually reduction of the patella in an anatomical position before operative reconstruction by suturing or reinsertion . During this period as well as a postoperative protection this fixator enables patients to maintain motion of the knee joint and full weightbearing . This technique can avoid poor functional results caused by long periods of immobilisation and is helpful in patients with marked displacement of the patella and inability to manually reduce the patella distally when delayed repair is necessitated .	[ "Operative", "repair", "in", "ruptures", "of", "the", "extensor", "mechanism", "of", "the", "knee", "joint", "mostly", "requires", "additional", "external", "or", "internal", "fixation", "by", "plaster", ",", "transfer", "of", "tendons", "or", "encircling", "wires", ".", "Reconstruction", "of", "initially", "undiagnosed", "ruptures", "has", "to", "solve", "the", "problems", "of", "fixed", "proximal", "or", "distal", "migration", "of", "the", "patella", "and", "tendenous", "shortening", ".", "This", "can", "be", "performed", "with", "a", "tibiopatellar", "external", "fixator", "which", "allows", "gradually", "reduction", "of", "the", "patella", "in", "an", "anatomical", "position", "before", "operative", "reconstruction", "by", "suturing", "or", "reinsertion", ".", "During", "this", "period", "as", "well", "as", "a", "postoperative", "protection", "this", "fixator", "enables", "patients", "to", "maintain", "motion", "of", "the", "knee", "joint", "and", "full", "weightbearing", ".", "This", "technique", "can", "avoid", "poor", "functional", "results", "caused", "by", "long", "periods", "of", "immobilisation", "and", "is", "helpful", "in", "patients", "with", "marked", "displacement", "of", "the", "patella", "and", "inability", "to", "manually", "reduce", "the", "patella", "distally", "when", "delayed", "repair", "is", "necessitated", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Cytochrome P450 4A is a GENE-N, nicotinamide is a CHEMICAL	11246504_task0	Sentence: Cytochrome P450 4A, peroxisomal enzymes and nicotinamide cofactors in koala liver. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GENE-N, CHEMICAL	[ "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Cytochrome P450 4A, peroxisomal enzymes and nicotinamide cofactors in koala liver.	[ "Cytochrome", "P450", "4A", ",", "peroxisomal", "enzymes", "and", "nicotinamide", "cofactors", "in", "koala", "liver", "." ]	[ "CHEMICAL", "GENE-N", "GENE-Y" ]
Cytochrome P450 4A is a GENE-N, nicotinamide is a CHEMICAL	11246504_task1	Sentence: Cytochrome P450 4A, peroxisomal enzymes and nicotinamide cofactors in koala liver. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Cytochrome P450 4A, nicotinamide Options: GENE-N, CHEMICAL	[ "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Cytochrome P450 4A, peroxisomal enzymes and nicotinamide cofactors in koala liver.	[ "Cytochrome", "P450", "4A", ",", "peroxisomal", "enzymes", "and", "nicotinamide", "cofactors", "in", "koala", "liver", "." ]	[ "CHEMICAL", "GENE-N", "GENE-Y" ]
Cytochrome P450 4A, nicotinamide	11246504_task2	Sentence: Cytochrome P450 4A, peroxisomal enzymes and nicotinamide cofactors in koala liver. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Cytochrome P450 4A, peroxisomal enzymes and nicotinamide cofactors in koala liver.	[ "Cytochrome", "P450", "4A", ",", "peroxisomal", "enzymes", "and", "nicotinamide", "cofactors", "in", "koala", "liver", "." ]	[ "CHEMICAL", "GENE-N", "GENE-Y" ]
Tumoren is an umlsterm, Knochenmatrix is an umlsterm, knochentypische is an umlsterm, Gewebe is an umlsterm, Knorpel is an umlsterm, Bindegewebe is an umlsterm, Zement is an umlsterm, Knochenmark is an umlsterm, WHO is an umlsterm, Klassifikation is an umlsterm, Tumoren is an umlsterm, Knochen is an umlsterm, Tumoren is an umlsterm, Tumoren is an umlsterm, radiologische is an umlsterm, Symptomarmut is an umlsterm, Diagnose is an umlsterm, Biopsie is an umlsterm, radiologische is an umlsterm, Literatur is an umlsterm, Knochentumoren is an umlsterm, tumoraehnlichen is an umlsterm, Kiefer is an umlsterm, Referenzregister is an umlsterm, Tumoren is an umlsterm, Kiefer - Gesichts - Bereich is an umlsterm	MundKieferGesichtschirurgie.0004s196.ger.abstr_task0	Sentence: Im vorliegenden Kapitel werden die Tumoren dargestellt , die in ihrer Differenzierung Knochenmatrix ( Osteoid ) und andere knochentypische Gewebe wie Knorpel , Bindegewebe und Zement bilden oder im Knochenmark vorkommen . Zusaetzlich sind diejenigen Laesionen aufgefuehrt , welche von der WHO als fuer die Kieferknochen typisch bezeichnet und deshalb in die 1992 erschienene Klassifikation odontogener Tumoren aufgenommen worden sind . Vaskulaere und im Knochen vorkommende epitheliale Tumoren werden nicht behandelt . Den hier erwaehnten Laesionen und Tumoren ist eine sowohl klinische als auch radiologische Symptomarmut gemeinsam . Eine zuverlaessige Diagnose ist daher ohne ausreichende Biopsie , die von einem spezialisierten Pathologen untersucht werden sollte , nicht moeglich . Neben der Klinik sind das radiologische und histologische Erscheinungsbild unter Beruecksichtigung neuerer Literatur beschrieben , zudem wird das therapeutische Vorgehen erwaehnt . Die vorliegende Darstellung der wichtigsten Knochentumoren und tumoraehnlichen Laesionen im Kiefer basiert auf den im Basler Referenzregister des Deutsch-Oesterreichisch-Schweizerischen Arbeitskreises fuer Tumoren im Kiefer-Gesichts-Bereich ( DOeSAK ) gesammelten Unterlagen . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Im vorliegenden Kapitel werden die Tumoren dargestellt , die in ihrer Differenzierung Knochenmatrix ( Osteoid ) und andere knochentypische Gewebe wie Knorpel , Bindegewebe und Zement bilden oder im Knochenmark vorkommen . Zusaetzlich sind diejenigen Laesionen aufgefuehrt , welche von der WHO als fuer die Kieferknochen typisch bezeichnet und deshalb in die 1992 erschienene Klassifikation odontogener Tumoren aufgenommen worden sind . Vaskulaere und im Knochen vorkommende epitheliale Tumoren werden nicht behandelt . Den hier erwaehnten Laesionen und Tumoren ist eine sowohl klinische als auch radiologische Symptomarmut gemeinsam . Eine zuverlaessige Diagnose ist daher ohne ausreichende Biopsie , die von einem spezialisierten Pathologen untersucht werden sollte , nicht moeglich . Neben der Klinik sind das radiologische und histologische Erscheinungsbild unter Beruecksichtigung neuerer Literatur beschrieben , zudem wird das therapeutische Vorgehen erwaehnt . Die vorliegende Darstellung der wichtigsten Knochentumoren und tumoraehnlichen Laesionen im Kiefer basiert auf den im Basler Referenzregister des Deutsch-Oesterreichisch-Schweizerischen Arbeitskreises fuer Tumoren im Kiefer-Gesichts-Bereich ( DOeSAK ) gesammelten Unterlagen .	[ "Im", "vorliegenden", "Kapitel", "werden", "die", "Tumoren", "dargestellt", ",", "die", "in", "ihrer", "Differenzierung", "Knochenmatrix", "(", "Osteoid", ")", "und", "andere", "knochentypische", "Gewebe", "wie", "Knorpel", ",", "Bindegewebe", "und", "Zement", "bilden", "oder", "im", "Knochenmark", "vorkommen", ".", "Zusaetzlich", "sind", "diejenigen", "Laesionen", "aufgefuehrt", ",", "welche", "von", "der", "WHO", "als", "fuer", "die", "Kieferknochen", "typisch", "bezeichnet", "und", "deshalb", "in", "die", "1992", "erschienene", "Klassifikation", "odontogener", "Tumoren", "aufgenommen", "worden", "sind", ".", "Vaskulaere", "und", "im", "Knochen", "vorkommende", "epitheliale", "Tumoren", "werden", "nicht", "behandelt", ".", "Den", "hier", "erwaehnten", "Laesionen", "und", "Tumoren", "ist", "eine", "sowohl", "klinische", "als", "auch", "radiologische", "Symptomarmut", "gemeinsam", ".", "Eine", "zuverlaessige", "Diagnose", "ist", "daher", "ohne", "ausreichende", "Biopsie", ",", "die", "von", "einem", "spezialisierten", "Pathologen", "untersucht", "werden", "sollte", ",", "nicht", "moeglich", ".", "Neben", "der", "Klinik", "sind", "das", "radiologische", "und", "histologische", "Erscheinungsbild", "unter", "Beruecksichtigung", "neuerer", "Literatur", "beschrieben", ",", "zudem", "wird", "das", "therapeutische", "Vorgehen", "erwaehnt", ".", "Die", "vorliegende", "Darstellung", "der", "wichtigsten", "Knochentumoren", "und", "tumoraehnlichen", "Laesionen", "im", "Kiefer", "basiert", "auf", "den", "im", "Basler", "Referenzregister", "des", "Deutsch", "-", "Oesterreichisch", "-", "Schweizerischen", "Arbeitskreises", "fuer", "Tumoren", "im", "Kiefer", "-", "Gesichts", "-", "Bereich", "(", "DOeSAK", ")", "gesammelten", "Unterlagen", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Tumoren is an umlsterm, Knochenmatrix is an umlsterm, knochentypische is an umlsterm, Gewebe is an umlsterm, Knorpel is an umlsterm, Bindegewebe is an umlsterm, Zement is an umlsterm, Knochenmark is an umlsterm, WHO is an umlsterm, Klassifikation is an umlsterm, Tumoren is an umlsterm, Knochen is an umlsterm, Tumoren is an umlsterm, Tumoren is an umlsterm, radiologische is an umlsterm, Symptomarmut is an umlsterm, Diagnose is an umlsterm, Biopsie is an umlsterm, radiologische is an umlsterm, Literatur is an umlsterm, Knochentumoren is an umlsterm, tumoraehnlichen is an umlsterm, Kiefer is an umlsterm, Referenzregister is an umlsterm, Tumoren is an umlsterm, Kiefer - Gesichts - Bereich is an umlsterm	MundKieferGesichtschirurgie.0004s196.ger.abstr_task1	Sentence: Im vorliegenden Kapitel werden die Tumoren dargestellt , die in ihrer Differenzierung Knochenmatrix ( Osteoid ) und andere knochentypische Gewebe wie Knorpel , Bindegewebe und Zement bilden oder im Knochenmark vorkommen . Zusaetzlich sind diejenigen Laesionen aufgefuehrt , welche von der WHO als fuer die Kieferknochen typisch bezeichnet und deshalb in die 1992 erschienene Klassifikation odontogener Tumoren aufgenommen worden sind . Vaskulaere und im Knochen vorkommende epitheliale Tumoren werden nicht behandelt . Den hier erwaehnten Laesionen und Tumoren ist eine sowohl klinische als auch radiologische Symptomarmut gemeinsam . Eine zuverlaessige Diagnose ist daher ohne ausreichende Biopsie , die von einem spezialisierten Pathologen untersucht werden sollte , nicht moeglich . Neben der Klinik sind das radiologische und histologische Erscheinungsbild unter Beruecksichtigung neuerer Literatur beschrieben , zudem wird das therapeutische Vorgehen erwaehnt . Die vorliegende Darstellung der wichtigsten Knochentumoren und tumoraehnlichen Laesionen im Kiefer basiert auf den im Basler Referenzregister des Deutsch-Oesterreichisch-Schweizerischen Arbeitskreises fuer Tumoren im Kiefer-Gesichts-Bereich ( DOeSAK ) gesammelten Unterlagen . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Tumoren, Knochenmatrix, knochentypische, Gewebe, Knorpel, Bindegewebe, Zement, Knochenmark, WHO, Klassifikation, Tumoren, Knochen, Tumoren, Tumoren, radiologische, Symptomarmut, Diagnose, Biopsie, radiologische, Literatur, Knochentumoren, tumoraehnlichen, Kiefer, Referenzregister, Tumoren, Kiefer - Gesichts - Bereich Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Im vorliegenden Kapitel werden die Tumoren dargestellt , die in ihrer Differenzierung Knochenmatrix ( Osteoid ) und andere knochentypische Gewebe wie Knorpel , Bindegewebe und Zement bilden oder im Knochenmark vorkommen . Zusaetzlich sind diejenigen Laesionen aufgefuehrt , welche von der WHO als fuer die Kieferknochen typisch bezeichnet und deshalb in die 1992 erschienene Klassifikation odontogener Tumoren aufgenommen worden sind . Vaskulaere und im Knochen vorkommende epitheliale Tumoren werden nicht behandelt . Den hier erwaehnten Laesionen und Tumoren ist eine sowohl klinische als auch radiologische Symptomarmut gemeinsam . Eine zuverlaessige Diagnose ist daher ohne ausreichende Biopsie , die von einem spezialisierten Pathologen untersucht werden sollte , nicht moeglich . Neben der Klinik sind das radiologische und histologische Erscheinungsbild unter Beruecksichtigung neuerer Literatur beschrieben , zudem wird das therapeutische Vorgehen erwaehnt . Die vorliegende Darstellung der wichtigsten Knochentumoren und tumoraehnlichen Laesionen im Kiefer basiert auf den im Basler Referenzregister des Deutsch-Oesterreichisch-Schweizerischen Arbeitskreises fuer Tumoren im Kiefer-Gesichts-Bereich ( DOeSAK ) gesammelten Unterlagen .	[ "Im", "vorliegenden", "Kapitel", "werden", "die", "Tumoren", "dargestellt", ",", "die", "in", "ihrer", "Differenzierung", "Knochenmatrix", "(", "Osteoid", ")", "und", "andere", "knochentypische", "Gewebe", "wie", "Knorpel", ",", "Bindegewebe", "und", "Zement", "bilden", "oder", "im", "Knochenmark", "vorkommen", ".", "Zusaetzlich", "sind", "diejenigen", "Laesionen", "aufgefuehrt", ",", "welche", "von", "der", "WHO", "als", "fuer", "die", "Kieferknochen", "typisch", "bezeichnet", "und", "deshalb", "in", "die", "1992", "erschienene", "Klassifikation", "odontogener", "Tumoren", "aufgenommen", "worden", "sind", ".", "Vaskulaere", "und", "im", "Knochen", "vorkommende", "epitheliale", "Tumoren", "werden", "nicht", "behandelt", ".", "Den", "hier", "erwaehnten", "Laesionen", "und", "Tumoren", "ist", "eine", "sowohl", "klinische", "als", "auch", "radiologische", "Symptomarmut", "gemeinsam", ".", "Eine", "zuverlaessige", "Diagnose", "ist", "daher", "ohne", "ausreichende", "Biopsie", ",", "die", "von", "einem", "spezialisierten", "Pathologen", "untersucht", "werden", "sollte", ",", "nicht", "moeglich", ".", "Neben", "der", "Klinik", "sind", "das", "radiologische", "und", "histologische", "Erscheinungsbild", "unter", "Beruecksichtigung", "neuerer", "Literatur", "beschrieben", ",", "zudem", "wird", "das", "therapeutische", "Vorgehen", "erwaehnt", ".", "Die", "vorliegende", "Darstellung", "der", "wichtigsten", "Knochentumoren", "und", "tumoraehnlichen", "Laesionen", "im", "Kiefer", "basiert", "auf", "den", "im", "Basler", "Referenzregister", "des", "Deutsch", "-", "Oesterreichisch", "-", "Schweizerischen", "Arbeitskreises", "fuer", "Tumoren", "im", "Kiefer", "-", "Gesichts", "-", "Bereich", "(", "DOeSAK", ")", "gesammelten", "Unterlagen", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Tumoren, Knochenmatrix, knochentypische, Gewebe, Knorpel, Bindegewebe, Zement, Knochenmark, WHO, Klassifikation, Tumoren, Knochen, Tumoren, Tumoren, radiologische, Symptomarmut, Diagnose, Biopsie, radiologische, Literatur, Knochentumoren, tumoraehnlichen, Kiefer, Referenzregister, Tumoren, Kiefer - Gesichts - Bereich	MundKieferGesichtschirurgie.0004s196.ger.abstr_task2	Sentence: Im vorliegenden Kapitel werden die Tumoren dargestellt , die in ihrer Differenzierung Knochenmatrix ( Osteoid ) und andere knochentypische Gewebe wie Knorpel , Bindegewebe und Zement bilden oder im Knochenmark vorkommen . Zusaetzlich sind diejenigen Laesionen aufgefuehrt , welche von der WHO als fuer die Kieferknochen typisch bezeichnet und deshalb in die 1992 erschienene Klassifikation odontogener Tumoren aufgenommen worden sind . Vaskulaere und im Knochen vorkommende epitheliale Tumoren werden nicht behandelt . Den hier erwaehnten Laesionen und Tumoren ist eine sowohl klinische als auch radiologische Symptomarmut gemeinsam . Eine zuverlaessige Diagnose ist daher ohne ausreichende Biopsie , die von einem spezialisierten Pathologen untersucht werden sollte , nicht moeglich . Neben der Klinik sind das radiologische und histologische Erscheinungsbild unter Beruecksichtigung neuerer Literatur beschrieben , zudem wird das therapeutische Vorgehen erwaehnt . Die vorliegende Darstellung der wichtigsten Knochentumoren und tumoraehnlichen Laesionen im Kiefer basiert auf den im Basler Referenzregister des Deutsch-Oesterreichisch-Schweizerischen Arbeitskreises fuer Tumoren im Kiefer-Gesichts-Bereich ( DOeSAK ) gesammelten Unterlagen . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Im vorliegenden Kapitel werden die Tumoren dargestellt , die in ihrer Differenzierung Knochenmatrix ( Osteoid ) und andere knochentypische Gewebe wie Knorpel , Bindegewebe und Zement bilden oder im Knochenmark vorkommen . Zusaetzlich sind diejenigen Laesionen aufgefuehrt , welche von der WHO als fuer die Kieferknochen typisch bezeichnet und deshalb in die 1992 erschienene Klassifikation odontogener Tumoren aufgenommen worden sind . Vaskulaere und im Knochen vorkommende epitheliale Tumoren werden nicht behandelt . Den hier erwaehnten Laesionen und Tumoren ist eine sowohl klinische als auch radiologische Symptomarmut gemeinsam . Eine zuverlaessige Diagnose ist daher ohne ausreichende Biopsie , die von einem spezialisierten Pathologen untersucht werden sollte , nicht moeglich . Neben der Klinik sind das radiologische und histologische Erscheinungsbild unter Beruecksichtigung neuerer Literatur beschrieben , zudem wird das therapeutische Vorgehen erwaehnt . Die vorliegende Darstellung der wichtigsten Knochentumoren und tumoraehnlichen Laesionen im Kiefer basiert auf den im Basler Referenzregister des Deutsch-Oesterreichisch-Schweizerischen Arbeitskreises fuer Tumoren im Kiefer-Gesichts-Bereich ( DOeSAK ) gesammelten Unterlagen .	[ "Im", "vorliegenden", "Kapitel", "werden", "die", "Tumoren", "dargestellt", ",", "die", "in", "ihrer", "Differenzierung", "Knochenmatrix", "(", "Osteoid", ")", "und", "andere", "knochentypische", "Gewebe", "wie", "Knorpel", ",", "Bindegewebe", "und", "Zement", "bilden", "oder", "im", "Knochenmark", "vorkommen", ".", "Zusaetzlich", "sind", "diejenigen", "Laesionen", "aufgefuehrt", ",", "welche", "von", "der", "WHO", "als", "fuer", "die", "Kieferknochen", "typisch", "bezeichnet", "und", "deshalb", "in", "die", "1992", "erschienene", "Klassifikation", "odontogener", "Tumoren", "aufgenommen", "worden", "sind", ".", "Vaskulaere", "und", "im", "Knochen", "vorkommende", "epitheliale", "Tumoren", "werden", "nicht", "behandelt", ".", "Den", "hier", "erwaehnten", "Laesionen", "und", "Tumoren", "ist", "eine", "sowohl", "klinische", "als", "auch", "radiologische", "Symptomarmut", "gemeinsam", ".", "Eine", "zuverlaessige", "Diagnose", "ist", "daher", "ohne", "ausreichende", "Biopsie", ",", "die", "von", "einem", "spezialisierten", "Pathologen", "untersucht", "werden", "sollte", ",", "nicht", "moeglich", ".", "Neben", "der", "Klinik", "sind", "das", "radiologische", "und", "histologische", "Erscheinungsbild", "unter", "Beruecksichtigung", "neuerer", "Literatur", "beschrieben", ",", "zudem", "wird", "das", "therapeutische", "Vorgehen", "erwaehnt", ".", "Die", "vorliegende", "Darstellung", "der", "wichtigsten", "Knochentumoren", "und", "tumoraehnlichen", "Laesionen", "im", "Kiefer", "basiert", "auf", "den", "im", "Basler", "Referenzregister", "des", "Deutsch", "-", "Oesterreichisch", "-", "Schweizerischen", "Arbeitskreises", "fuer", "Tumoren", "im", "Kiefer", "-", "Gesichts", "-", "Bereich", "(", "DOeSAK", ")", "gesammelten", "Unterlagen", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Ikaros is a Protein, LKLF is a Protein, GATA3 is a Protein, CREB is a Protein, ATF is a Protein, LEF1 is a Protein, TCF1 is a Protein, Sox4 is a Protein	10358756_task0	Sentence: Transcriptional regulation of T lymphocyte development and function. The development and function of T lymphocytes are regulated tightly by signal transduction pathways that include specific cell-surface receptors, intracellular signaling molecules, and nuclear transcription factors. Since 1988, several families of functionally important T cell transcription factors have been identified. These include the Ikaros, LKLF, and GATA3 zinc-finger proteins; the Ets, CREB/ATF, and NF-kappa B/Rel/NFAT transcription factors; the Stat proteins; and HMG box transcription factors such as LEF1, TCF1, and Sox4. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the transcriptional regulation of T cell development and function with particular emphasis on the results of recent gene targeting and transgenic experiments. In addition to increasing our understanding of the molecular pathways that regulate T cell development and function, these results have suggested novel targets for genetic and pharmacological manipulation of T cell immunity. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Transcriptional regulation of T lymphocyte development and function. The development and function of T lymphocytes are regulated tightly by signal transduction pathways that include specific cell-surface receptors, intracellular signaling molecules, and nuclear transcription factors. Since 1988, several families of functionally important T cell transcription factors have been identified. These include the Ikaros, LKLF, and GATA3 zinc-finger proteins; the Ets, CREB/ATF, and NF-kappa B/Rel/NFAT transcription factors; the Stat proteins; and HMG box transcription factors such as LEF1, TCF1, and Sox4. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the transcriptional regulation of T cell development and function with particular emphasis on the results of recent gene targeting and transgenic experiments. In addition to increasing our understanding of the molecular pathways that regulate T cell development and function, these results have suggested novel targets for genetic and pharmacological manipulation of T cell immunity.	[ "Transcriptional", "regulation", "of", "T", "lymphocyte", "development", "and", "function", ".", "\n", "The", "development", "and", "function", "of", "T", "lymphocytes", "are", "regulated", "tightly", "by", "signal", "transduction", "pathways", "that", "include", "specific", "cell", "-", "surface", "receptors", ",", "intracellular", "signaling", "molecules", ",", "and", "nuclear", "transcription", "factors", ".", "Since", "1988", ",", "several", "families", "of", "functionally", "important", "T", "cell", "transcription", "factors", "have", "been", "identified", ".", "These", "include", "the", "Ikaros", ",", "LKLF", ",", "and", "GATA3", "zinc", "-", "finger", "proteins", ";", "the", "Ets", ",", "CREB", "/", "ATF", ",", "and", "NF", "-", "kappa", "B", "/", "Rel", "/", "NFAT", "transcription", "factors", ";", "the", "Stat", "proteins", ";", "and", "HMG", "box", "transcription", "factors", "such", "as", "LEF1", ",", "TCF1", ",", "and", "Sox4", ".", "In", "this", "review", ",", "we", "summarize", "our", "current", "understanding", "of", "the", "transcriptional", "regulation", "of", "T", "cell", "development", "and", "function", "with", "particular", "emphasis", "on", "the", "results", "of", "recent", "gene", "targeting", "and", "transgenic", "experiments", ".", "In", "addition", "to", "increasing", "our", "understanding", "of", "the", "molecular", "pathways", "that", "regulate", "T", "cell", "development", "and", "function", ",", "these", "results", "have", "suggested", "novel", "targets", "for", "genetic", "and", "pharmacological", "manipulation", "of", "T", "cell", "immunity", "." ]	[ "Protein" ]
Ikaros is a Protein, LKLF is a Protein, GATA3 is a Protein, CREB is a Protein, ATF is a Protein, LEF1 is a Protein, TCF1 is a Protein, Sox4 is a Protein	10358756_task1	Sentence: Transcriptional regulation of T lymphocyte development and function. The development and function of T lymphocytes are regulated tightly by signal transduction pathways that include specific cell-surface receptors, intracellular signaling molecules, and nuclear transcription factors. Since 1988, several families of functionally important T cell transcription factors have been identified. These include the Ikaros, LKLF, and GATA3 zinc-finger proteins; the Ets, CREB/ATF, and NF-kappa B/Rel/NFAT transcription factors; the Stat proteins; and HMG box transcription factors such as LEF1, TCF1, and Sox4. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the transcriptional regulation of T cell development and function with particular emphasis on the results of recent gene targeting and transgenic experiments. In addition to increasing our understanding of the molecular pathways that regulate T cell development and function, these results have suggested novel targets for genetic and pharmacological manipulation of T cell immunity. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Ikaros, LKLF, GATA3, CREB, ATF, LEF1, TCF1, Sox4 Options: Protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Transcriptional regulation of T lymphocyte development and function. The development and function of T lymphocytes are regulated tightly by signal transduction pathways that include specific cell-surface receptors, intracellular signaling molecules, and nuclear transcription factors. Since 1988, several families of functionally important T cell transcription factors have been identified. These include the Ikaros, LKLF, and GATA3 zinc-finger proteins; the Ets, CREB/ATF, and NF-kappa B/Rel/NFAT transcription factors; the Stat proteins; and HMG box transcription factors such as LEF1, TCF1, and Sox4. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the transcriptional regulation of T cell development and function with particular emphasis on the results of recent gene targeting and transgenic experiments. In addition to increasing our understanding of the molecular pathways that regulate T cell development and function, these results have suggested novel targets for genetic and pharmacological manipulation of T cell immunity.	[ "Transcriptional", "regulation", "of", "T", "lymphocyte", "development", "and", "function", ".", "\n", "The", "development", "and", "function", "of", "T", "lymphocytes", "are", "regulated", "tightly", "by", "signal", "transduction", "pathways", "that", "include", "specific", "cell", "-", "surface", "receptors", ",", "intracellular", "signaling", "molecules", ",", "and", "nuclear", "transcription", "factors", ".", "Since", "1988", ",", "several", "families", "of", "functionally", "important", "T", "cell", "transcription", "factors", "have", "been", "identified", ".", "These", "include", "the", "Ikaros", ",", "LKLF", ",", "and", "GATA3", "zinc", "-", "finger", "proteins", ";", "the", "Ets", ",", "CREB", "/", "ATF", ",", "and", "NF", "-", "kappa", "B", "/", "Rel", "/", "NFAT", "transcription", "factors", ";", "the", "Stat", "proteins", ";", "and", "HMG", "box", "transcription", "factors", "such", "as", "LEF1", ",", "TCF1", ",", "and", "Sox4", ".", "In", "this", "review", ",", "we", "summarize", "our", "current", "understanding", "of", "the", "transcriptional", "regulation", "of", "T", "cell", "development", "and", "function", "with", "particular", "emphasis", "on", "the", "results", "of", "recent", "gene", "targeting", "and", "transgenic", "experiments", ".", "In", "addition", "to", "increasing", "our", "understanding", "of", "the", "molecular", "pathways", "that", "regulate", "T", "cell", "development", "and", "function", ",", "these", "results", "have", "suggested", "novel", "targets", "for", "genetic", "and", "pharmacological", "manipulation", "of", "T", "cell", "immunity", "." ]	[ "Protein" ]
Ikaros, LKLF, GATA3, CREB, ATF, LEF1, TCF1, Sox4	10358756_task2	Sentence: Transcriptional regulation of T lymphocyte development and function. The development and function of T lymphocytes are regulated tightly by signal transduction pathways that include specific cell-surface receptors, intracellular signaling molecules, and nuclear transcription factors. Since 1988, several families of functionally important T cell transcription factors have been identified. These include the Ikaros, LKLF, and GATA3 zinc-finger proteins; the Ets, CREB/ATF, and NF-kappa B/Rel/NFAT transcription factors; the Stat proteins; and HMG box transcription factors such as LEF1, TCF1, and Sox4. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the transcriptional regulation of T cell development and function with particular emphasis on the results of recent gene targeting and transgenic experiments. In addition to increasing our understanding of the molecular pathways that regulate T cell development and function, these results have suggested novel targets for genetic and pharmacological manipulation of T cell immunity. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Transcriptional regulation of T lymphocyte development and function. The development and function of T lymphocytes are regulated tightly by signal transduction pathways that include specific cell-surface receptors, intracellular signaling molecules, and nuclear transcription factors. Since 1988, several families of functionally important T cell transcription factors have been identified. These include the Ikaros, LKLF, and GATA3 zinc-finger proteins; the Ets, CREB/ATF, and NF-kappa B/Rel/NFAT transcription factors; the Stat proteins; and HMG box transcription factors such as LEF1, TCF1, and Sox4. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the transcriptional regulation of T cell development and function with particular emphasis on the results of recent gene targeting and transgenic experiments. In addition to increasing our understanding of the molecular pathways that regulate T cell development and function, these results have suggested novel targets for genetic and pharmacological manipulation of T cell immunity.	[ "Transcriptional", "regulation", "of", "T", "lymphocyte", "development", "and", "function", ".", "\n", "The", "development", "and", "function", "of", "T", "lymphocytes", "are", "regulated", "tightly", "by", "signal", "transduction", "pathways", "that", "include", "specific", "cell", "-", "surface", "receptors", ",", "intracellular", "signaling", "molecules", ",", "and", "nuclear", "transcription", "factors", ".", "Since", "1988", ",", "several", "families", "of", "functionally", "important", "T", "cell", "transcription", "factors", "have", "been", "identified", ".", "These", "include", "the", "Ikaros", ",", "LKLF", ",", "and", "GATA3", "zinc", "-", "finger", "proteins", ";", "the", "Ets", ",", "CREB", "/", "ATF", ",", "and", "NF", "-", "kappa", "B", "/", "Rel", "/", "NFAT", "transcription", "factors", ";", "the", "Stat", "proteins", ";", "and", "HMG", "box", "transcription", "factors", "such", "as", "LEF1", ",", "TCF1", ",", "and", "Sox4", ".", "In", "this", "review", ",", "we", "summarize", "our", "current", "understanding", "of", "the", "transcriptional", "regulation", "of", "T", "cell", "development", "and", "function", "with", "particular", "emphasis", "on", "the", "results", "of", "recent", "gene", "targeting", "and", "transgenic", "experiments", ".", "In", "addition", "to", "increasing", "our", "understanding", "of", "the", "molecular", "pathways", "that", "regulate", "T", "cell", "development", "and", "function", ",", "these", "results", "have", "suggested", "novel", "targets", "for", "genetic", "and", "pharmacological", "manipulation", "of", "T", "cell", "immunity", "." ]	[ "Protein" ]
and the is a Outcome_Physical, ( COPD ) . is a Participant_Condition, internal consistency is a Outcome_Other, One hundred and forty four patients with moderate or severe COPD is a Participant_Condition, salmeterol is a Intervention_Pharmacological, ipratropium bromide is a Intervention_Pharmacological, placebo is a Intervention_Control, Quality of life is a Outcome_Physical, proportions of missing values is a Outcome_Physical, ( FEV ( 1 ) ) % is a Outcome_Physical, peak expiratory flow rate ( PEFR ) is a Outcome_Physical, CRQ total and emotions score is a Outcome_Other, SGRQ symptoms score is a Outcome_Other, SGRQ symptoms domain is a Outcome_Physical	1881_task0	Sentence: An empirical comparison of the St George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ( SGRQ ) and the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire ( CRQ ) in a clinical trial setting . BACKGROUND The Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire ( CRQ ) and the St George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ( SGRQ ) are the two most widely used quality of life questionnaires in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . A study was undertaken to compare directly the self-administered version of the CRQ and the SGRQ with respect to feasibility , internal consistency , validity , and sensitivity to changes resulting from bronchodilator therapy . METHODS One hundred and forty four patients with moderate or severe COPD were randomly assigned to receive three months of treatment with either salmeterol , salmeterol + ipratropium bromide , or placebo . Quality of life was measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment . RESULTS The proportions of missing values per patient were low for both questionnaires ( 0.54 % for the CRQ and 2 % for the SGRQ ) . The internal consistency was good for both questionnaires ( Cronbach 's alpha coefficients > /= 0.84 for the CRQ and > /= 0.76 for the SGRQ ) . Factor analysis confirmed the original domain structure of the CRQ but not of the SGRQ . Correlations with forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV ( 1 ) ) % predicted and peak expiratory flow rate ( PEFR ) were low for both questionnaires but better for the SGRQ than for the CRQ . The ability to discriminate between subjects with different levels of FEV ( 1 ) was somewhat better for the SGRQ . The correlations with symptom scores were comparable for both questionnaires . Cross sectionally , the scores of the two questionnaires were moderately to highly correlated ( coefficients ranged from 0.35 to 0.72 ) . Longitudinally , these correlations were lower ( coefficients ranged from 0.17 to 0.54 ) but were still significant . The CRQ total and emotions score and the SGRQ symptoms score were the most responsive to change . The SGRQ symptoms domain was the only domain where the improvement in patients receiving combination treatment crossed the threshold for clinical relevance . CONCLUSIONS Since this analysis of reliability , validity , and responsiveness to change did not clearly favour one instrument above the other , the choice between the CRQ and the SGRQ can be based on other considerations such as the required sample size or the availability of reference values . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Intervention_Control, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Outcome_Other	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	An empirical comparison of the St George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ( SGRQ ) and the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire ( CRQ ) in a clinical trial setting . BACKGROUND The Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire ( CRQ ) and the St George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ( SGRQ ) are the two most widely used quality of life questionnaires in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . A study was undertaken to compare directly the self-administered version of the CRQ and the SGRQ with respect to feasibility , internal consistency , validity , and sensitivity to changes resulting from bronchodilator therapy . METHODS One hundred and forty four patients with moderate or severe COPD were randomly assigned to receive three months of treatment with either salmeterol , salmeterol + ipratropium bromide , or placebo . Quality of life was measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment . RESULTS The proportions of missing values per patient were low for both questionnaires ( 0.54 % for the CRQ and 2 % for the SGRQ ) . The internal consistency was good for both questionnaires ( Cronbach 's alpha coefficients > /= 0.84 for the CRQ and > /= 0.76 for the SGRQ ) . Factor analysis confirmed the original domain structure of the CRQ but not of the SGRQ . Correlations with forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV ( 1 ) ) % predicted and peak expiratory flow rate ( PEFR ) were low for both questionnaires but better for the SGRQ than for the CRQ . The ability to discriminate between subjects with different levels of FEV ( 1 ) was somewhat better for the SGRQ . The correlations with symptom scores were comparable for both questionnaires . Cross sectionally , the scores of the two questionnaires were moderately to highly correlated ( coefficients ranged from 0.35 to 0.72 ) . Longitudinally , these correlations were lower ( coefficients ranged from 0.17 to 0.54 ) but were still significant . The CRQ total and emotions score and the SGRQ symptoms score were the most responsive to change . The SGRQ symptoms domain was the only domain where the improvement in patients receiving combination treatment crossed the threshold for clinical relevance . CONCLUSIONS Since this analysis of reliability , validity , and responsiveness to change did not clearly favour one instrument above the other , the choice between the CRQ and the SGRQ can be based on other considerations such as the required sample size or the availability of reference values .	[ "An", "empirical", "comparison", "of", "the", "St", "George", "'", "s", "Respiratory", "Questionnaire", "(", "SGRQ", ")", "and", "the", "Chronic", "Respiratory", "Disease", "Questionnaire", "(", "CRQ", ")", "in", "a", "clinical", "trial", "setting", ".", "BACKGROUND", "The", "Chronic", "Respiratory", "Questionnaire", "(", "CRQ", ")", "and", "the", "St", "George", "'", "s", "Respiratory", "Questionnaire", "(", "SGRQ", ")", "are", "the", "two", "most", "widely", "used", "quality", "of", "life", "questionnaires", "in", "chronic", "obstructive", "pulmonary", "disease", "(", "COPD", ")", ".", "A", "study", "was", "undertaken", "to", "compare", "directly", "the", "self", "-", "administered", "version", "of", "the", "CRQ", "and", "the", "SGRQ", "with", "respect", "to", "feasibility", ",", "internal", "consistency", ",", "validity", ",", "and", "sensitivity", "to", "changes", "resulting", "from", "bronchodilator", "therapy", ".", "METHODS", "One", "hundred", "and", "forty", "four", "patients", "with", "moderate", "or", "severe", "COPD", "were", "randomly", "assigned", "to", "receive", "three", "months", "of", "treatment", "with", "either", "salmeterol", ",", "salmeterol", "+", "ipratropium", "bromide", ",", "or", "placebo", ".", "Quality", "of", "life", "was", "measured", "at", "baseline", "and", "after", "12", "weeks", "of", "treatment", ".", "RESULTS", "The", "proportions", "of", "missing", "values", "per", "patient", "were", "low", "for", "both", "questionnaires", "(", "0.54", "%", "for", "the", "CRQ", "and", "2", "%", "for", "the", "SGRQ", ")", ".", "The", "internal", "consistency", "was", "good", "for", "both", "questionnaires", "(", "Cronbach", "'", "s", "alpha", "coefficients", ">", "/=", "0.84", "for", "the", "CRQ", "and", ">", "/=", "0.76", "for", "the", "SGRQ", ")", ".", "Factor", "analysis", "confirmed", "the", "original", "domain", "structure", "of", "the", "CRQ", "but", "not", "of", "the", "SGRQ", ".", "Correlations", "with", "forced", "expiratory", "volume", "in", "one", "second", "(", "FEV", "(", "1", ")", ")", "%", "predicted", "and", "peak", "expiratory", "flow", "rate", "(", "PEFR", ")", "were", "low", "for", "both", "questionnaires", "but", "better", "for", "the", "SGRQ", "than", "for", "the", "CRQ", ".", "The", "ability", "to", "discriminate", "between", "subjects", "with", "different", "levels", "of", "FEV", "(", "1", ")", "was", "somewhat", "better", "for", "the", "SGRQ", ".", "The", "correlations", "with", "symptom", "scores", "were", "comparable", "for", "both", "questionnaires", ".", "Cross", "sectionally", ",", "the", "scores", "of", "the", "two", "questionnaires", "were", "moderately", "to", "highly", "correlated", "(", "coefficients", "ranged", "from", "0.35", "to", "0.72", ")", ".", "Longitudinally", ",", "these", "correlations", "were", "lower", "(", "coefficients", "ranged", "from", "0.17", "to", "0.54", ")", "but", "were", "still", "significant", ".", "The", "CRQ", "total", "and", "emotions", "score", "and", "the", "SGRQ", "symptoms", "score", "were", "the", "most", "responsive", "to", "change", ".", "The", "SGRQ", "symptoms", "domain", "was", "the", "only", "domain", "where", "the", "improvement", "in", "patients", "receiving", "combination", "treatment", "crossed", "the", "threshold", "for", "clinical", "relevance", ".", "CONCLUSIONS", "Since", "this", "analysis", "of", "reliability", ",", "validity", ",", "and", "responsiveness", "to", "change", "did", "not", "clearly", "favour", "one", "instrument", "above", "the", "other", ",", "the", "choice", "between", "the", "CRQ", "and", "the", "SGRQ", "can", "be", "based", "on", "other", "considerations", "such", "as", "the", "required", "sample", "size", "or", "the", "availability", "of", "reference", "values", "." ]	[ "Participant_Condition", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Intervention_Control" ]
and the is a Outcome_Physical, ( COPD ) . is a Participant_Condition, internal consistency is a Outcome_Other, One hundred and forty four patients with moderate or severe COPD is a Participant_Condition, salmeterol is a Intervention_Pharmacological, ipratropium bromide is a Intervention_Pharmacological, placebo is a Intervention_Control, Quality of life is a Outcome_Physical, proportions of missing values is a Outcome_Physical, ( FEV ( 1 ) ) % is a Outcome_Physical, peak expiratory flow rate ( PEFR ) is a Outcome_Physical, CRQ total and emotions score is a Outcome_Other, SGRQ symptoms score is a Outcome_Other, SGRQ symptoms domain is a Outcome_Physical	1881_task1	Sentence: An empirical comparison of the St George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ( SGRQ ) and the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire ( CRQ ) in a clinical trial setting . BACKGROUND The Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire ( CRQ ) and the St George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ( SGRQ ) are the two most widely used quality of life questionnaires in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . A study was undertaken to compare directly the self-administered version of the CRQ and the SGRQ with respect to feasibility , internal consistency , validity , and sensitivity to changes resulting from bronchodilator therapy . METHODS One hundred and forty four patients with moderate or severe COPD were randomly assigned to receive three months of treatment with either salmeterol , salmeterol + ipratropium bromide , or placebo . Quality of life was measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment . RESULTS The proportions of missing values per patient were low for both questionnaires ( 0.54 % for the CRQ and 2 % for the SGRQ ) . The internal consistency was good for both questionnaires ( Cronbach 's alpha coefficients > /= 0.84 for the CRQ and > /= 0.76 for the SGRQ ) . Factor analysis confirmed the original domain structure of the CRQ but not of the SGRQ . Correlations with forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV ( 1 ) ) % predicted and peak expiratory flow rate ( PEFR ) were low for both questionnaires but better for the SGRQ than for the CRQ . The ability to discriminate between subjects with different levels of FEV ( 1 ) was somewhat better for the SGRQ . The correlations with symptom scores were comparable for both questionnaires . Cross sectionally , the scores of the two questionnaires were moderately to highly correlated ( coefficients ranged from 0.35 to 0.72 ) . Longitudinally , these correlations were lower ( coefficients ranged from 0.17 to 0.54 ) but were still significant . The CRQ total and emotions score and the SGRQ symptoms score were the most responsive to change . The SGRQ symptoms domain was the only domain where the improvement in patients receiving combination treatment crossed the threshold for clinical relevance . CONCLUSIONS Since this analysis of reliability , validity , and responsiveness to change did not clearly favour one instrument above the other , the choice between the CRQ and the SGRQ can be based on other considerations such as the required sample size or the availability of reference values . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: and the, ( COPD ) ., internal consistency, One hundred and forty four patients with moderate or severe COPD, salmeterol, ipratropium bromide, placebo, Quality of life, proportions of missing values, ( FEV ( 1 ) ) %, peak expiratory flow rate ( PEFR ), CRQ total and emotions score, SGRQ symptoms score, SGRQ symptoms domain Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Intervention_Control, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Outcome_Other	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	An empirical comparison of the St George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ( SGRQ ) and the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire ( CRQ ) in a clinical trial setting . BACKGROUND The Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire ( CRQ ) and the St George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ( SGRQ ) are the two most widely used quality of life questionnaires in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . A study was undertaken to compare directly the self-administered version of the CRQ and the SGRQ with respect to feasibility , internal consistency , validity , and sensitivity to changes resulting from bronchodilator therapy . METHODS One hundred and forty four patients with moderate or severe COPD were randomly assigned to receive three months of treatment with either salmeterol , salmeterol + ipratropium bromide , or placebo . Quality of life was measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment . RESULTS The proportions of missing values per patient were low for both questionnaires ( 0.54 % for the CRQ and 2 % for the SGRQ ) . The internal consistency was good for both questionnaires ( Cronbach 's alpha coefficients > /= 0.84 for the CRQ and > /= 0.76 for the SGRQ ) . Factor analysis confirmed the original domain structure of the CRQ but not of the SGRQ . Correlations with forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV ( 1 ) ) % predicted and peak expiratory flow rate ( PEFR ) were low for both questionnaires but better for the SGRQ than for the CRQ . The ability to discriminate between subjects with different levels of FEV ( 1 ) was somewhat better for the SGRQ . The correlations with symptom scores were comparable for both questionnaires . Cross sectionally , the scores of the two questionnaires were moderately to highly correlated ( coefficients ranged from 0.35 to 0.72 ) . Longitudinally , these correlations were lower ( coefficients ranged from 0.17 to 0.54 ) but were still significant . The CRQ total and emotions score and the SGRQ symptoms score were the most responsive to change . The SGRQ symptoms domain was the only domain where the improvement in patients receiving combination treatment crossed the threshold for clinical relevance . CONCLUSIONS Since this analysis of reliability , validity , and responsiveness to change did not clearly favour one instrument above the other , the choice between the CRQ and the SGRQ can be based on other considerations such as the required sample size or the availability of reference values .	[ "An", "empirical", "comparison", "of", "the", "St", "George", "'", "s", "Respiratory", "Questionnaire", "(", "SGRQ", ")", "and", "the", "Chronic", "Respiratory", "Disease", "Questionnaire", "(", "CRQ", ")", "in", "a", "clinical", "trial", "setting", ".", "BACKGROUND", "The", "Chronic", "Respiratory", "Questionnaire", "(", "CRQ", ")", "and", "the", "St", "George", "'", "s", "Respiratory", "Questionnaire", "(", "SGRQ", ")", "are", "the", "two", "most", "widely", "used", "quality", "of", "life", "questionnaires", "in", "chronic", "obstructive", "pulmonary", "disease", "(", "COPD", ")", ".", "A", "study", "was", "undertaken", "to", "compare", "directly", "the", "self", "-", "administered", "version", "of", "the", "CRQ", "and", "the", "SGRQ", "with", "respect", "to", "feasibility", ",", "internal", "consistency", ",", "validity", ",", "and", "sensitivity", "to", "changes", "resulting", "from", "bronchodilator", "therapy", ".", "METHODS", "One", "hundred", "and", "forty", "four", "patients", "with", "moderate", "or", "severe", "COPD", "were", "randomly", "assigned", "to", "receive", "three", "months", "of", "treatment", "with", "either", "salmeterol", ",", "salmeterol", "+", "ipratropium", "bromide", ",", "or", "placebo", ".", "Quality", "of", "life", "was", "measured", "at", "baseline", "and", "after", "12", "weeks", "of", "treatment", ".", "RESULTS", "The", "proportions", "of", "missing", "values", "per", "patient", "were", "low", "for", "both", "questionnaires", "(", "0.54", "%", "for", "the", "CRQ", "and", "2", "%", "for", "the", "SGRQ", ")", ".", "The", "internal", "consistency", "was", "good", "for", "both", "questionnaires", "(", "Cronbach", "'", "s", "alpha", "coefficients", ">", "/=", "0.84", "for", "the", "CRQ", "and", ">", "/=", "0.76", "for", "the", "SGRQ", ")", ".", "Factor", "analysis", "confirmed", "the", "original", "domain", "structure", "of", "the", "CRQ", "but", "not", "of", "the", "SGRQ", ".", "Correlations", "with", "forced", "expiratory", "volume", "in", "one", "second", "(", "FEV", "(", "1", ")", ")", "%", "predicted", "and", "peak", "expiratory", "flow", "rate", "(", "PEFR", ")", "were", "low", "for", "both", "questionnaires", "but", "better", "for", "the", "SGRQ", "than", "for", "the", "CRQ", ".", "The", "ability", "to", "discriminate", "between", "subjects", "with", "different", "levels", "of", "FEV", "(", "1", ")", "was", "somewhat", "better", "for", "the", "SGRQ", ".", "The", "correlations", "with", "symptom", "scores", "were", "comparable", "for", "both", "questionnaires", ".", "Cross", "sectionally", ",", "the", "scores", "of", "the", "two", "questionnaires", "were", "moderately", "to", "highly", "correlated", "(", "coefficients", "ranged", "from", "0.35", "to", "0.72", ")", ".", "Longitudinally", ",", "these", "correlations", "were", "lower", "(", "coefficients", "ranged", "from", "0.17", "to", "0.54", ")", "but", "were", "still", "significant", ".", "The", "CRQ", "total", "and", "emotions", "score", "and", "the", "SGRQ", "symptoms", "score", "were", "the", "most", "responsive", "to", "change", ".", "The", "SGRQ", "symptoms", "domain", "was", "the", "only", "domain", "where", "the", "improvement", "in", "patients", "receiving", "combination", "treatment", "crossed", "the", "threshold", "for", "clinical", "relevance", ".", "CONCLUSIONS", "Since", "this", "analysis", "of", "reliability", ",", "validity", ",", "and", "responsiveness", "to", "change", "did", "not", "clearly", "favour", "one", "instrument", "above", "the", "other", ",", "the", "choice", "between", "the", "CRQ", "and", "the", "SGRQ", "can", "be", "based", "on", "other", "considerations", "such", "as", "the", "required", "sample", "size", "or", "the", "availability", "of", "reference", "values", "." ]	[ "Participant_Condition", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Intervention_Control" ]
and the, ( COPD ) ., internal consistency, One hundred and forty four patients with moderate or severe COPD, salmeterol, ipratropium bromide, placebo, Quality of life, proportions of missing values, ( FEV ( 1 ) ) %, peak expiratory flow rate ( PEFR ), CRQ total and emotions score, SGRQ symptoms score, SGRQ symptoms domain	1881_task2	Sentence: An empirical comparison of the St George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ( SGRQ ) and the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire ( CRQ ) in a clinical trial setting . BACKGROUND The Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire ( CRQ ) and the St George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ( SGRQ ) are the two most widely used quality of life questionnaires in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . A study was undertaken to compare directly the self-administered version of the CRQ and the SGRQ with respect to feasibility , internal consistency , validity , and sensitivity to changes resulting from bronchodilator therapy . METHODS One hundred and forty four patients with moderate or severe COPD were randomly assigned to receive three months of treatment with either salmeterol , salmeterol + ipratropium bromide , or placebo . Quality of life was measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment . RESULTS The proportions of missing values per patient were low for both questionnaires ( 0.54 % for the CRQ and 2 % for the SGRQ ) . The internal consistency was good for both questionnaires ( Cronbach 's alpha coefficients > /= 0.84 for the CRQ and > /= 0.76 for the SGRQ ) . Factor analysis confirmed the original domain structure of the CRQ but not of the SGRQ . Correlations with forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV ( 1 ) ) % predicted and peak expiratory flow rate ( PEFR ) were low for both questionnaires but better for the SGRQ than for the CRQ . The ability to discriminate between subjects with different levels of FEV ( 1 ) was somewhat better for the SGRQ . The correlations with symptom scores were comparable for both questionnaires . Cross sectionally , the scores of the two questionnaires were moderately to highly correlated ( coefficients ranged from 0.35 to 0.72 ) . Longitudinally , these correlations were lower ( coefficients ranged from 0.17 to 0.54 ) but were still significant . The CRQ total and emotions score and the SGRQ symptoms score were the most responsive to change . The SGRQ symptoms domain was the only domain where the improvement in patients receiving combination treatment crossed the threshold for clinical relevance . CONCLUSIONS Since this analysis of reliability , validity , and responsiveness to change did not clearly favour one instrument above the other , the choice between the CRQ and the SGRQ can be based on other considerations such as the required sample size or the availability of reference values . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	An empirical comparison of the St George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ( SGRQ ) and the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire ( CRQ ) in a clinical trial setting . BACKGROUND The Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire ( CRQ ) and the St George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ( SGRQ ) are the two most widely used quality of life questionnaires in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . A study was undertaken to compare directly the self-administered version of the CRQ and the SGRQ with respect to feasibility , internal consistency , validity , and sensitivity to changes resulting from bronchodilator therapy . METHODS One hundred and forty four patients with moderate or severe COPD were randomly assigned to receive three months of treatment with either salmeterol , salmeterol + ipratropium bromide , or placebo . Quality of life was measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment . RESULTS The proportions of missing values per patient were low for both questionnaires ( 0.54 % for the CRQ and 2 % for the SGRQ ) . The internal consistency was good for both questionnaires ( Cronbach 's alpha coefficients > /= 0.84 for the CRQ and > /= 0.76 for the SGRQ ) . Factor analysis confirmed the original domain structure of the CRQ but not of the SGRQ . Correlations with forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV ( 1 ) ) % predicted and peak expiratory flow rate ( PEFR ) were low for both questionnaires but better for the SGRQ than for the CRQ . The ability to discriminate between subjects with different levels of FEV ( 1 ) was somewhat better for the SGRQ . The correlations with symptom scores were comparable for both questionnaires . Cross sectionally , the scores of the two questionnaires were moderately to highly correlated ( coefficients ranged from 0.35 to 0.72 ) . Longitudinally , these correlations were lower ( coefficients ranged from 0.17 to 0.54 ) but were still significant . The CRQ total and emotions score and the SGRQ symptoms score were the most responsive to change . The SGRQ symptoms domain was the only domain where the improvement in patients receiving combination treatment crossed the threshold for clinical relevance . CONCLUSIONS Since this analysis of reliability , validity , and responsiveness to change did not clearly favour one instrument above the other , the choice between the CRQ and the SGRQ can be based on other considerations such as the required sample size or the availability of reference values .	[ "An", "empirical", "comparison", "of", "the", "St", "George", "'", "s", "Respiratory", "Questionnaire", "(", "SGRQ", ")", "and", "the", "Chronic", "Respiratory", "Disease", "Questionnaire", "(", "CRQ", ")", "in", "a", "clinical", "trial", "setting", ".", "BACKGROUND", "The", "Chronic", "Respiratory", "Questionnaire", "(", "CRQ", ")", "and", "the", "St", "George", "'", "s", "Respiratory", "Questionnaire", "(", "SGRQ", ")", "are", "the", "two", "most", "widely", "used", "quality", "of", "life", "questionnaires", "in", "chronic", "obstructive", "pulmonary", "disease", "(", "COPD", ")", ".", "A", "study", "was", "undertaken", "to", "compare", "directly", "the", "self", "-", "administered", "version", "of", "the", "CRQ", "and", "the", "SGRQ", "with", "respect", "to", "feasibility", ",", "internal", "consistency", ",", "validity", ",", "and", "sensitivity", "to", "changes", "resulting", "from", "bronchodilator", "therapy", ".", "METHODS", "One", "hundred", "and", "forty", "four", "patients", "with", "moderate", "or", "severe", "COPD", "were", "randomly", "assigned", "to", "receive", "three", "months", "of", "treatment", "with", "either", "salmeterol", ",", "salmeterol", "+", "ipratropium", "bromide", ",", "or", "placebo", ".", "Quality", "of", "life", "was", "measured", "at", "baseline", "and", "after", "12", "weeks", "of", "treatment", ".", "RESULTS", "The", "proportions", "of", "missing", "values", "per", "patient", "were", "low", "for", "both", "questionnaires", "(", "0.54", "%", "for", "the", "CRQ", "and", "2", "%", "for", "the", "SGRQ", ")", ".", "The", "internal", "consistency", "was", "good", "for", "both", "questionnaires", "(", "Cronbach", "'", "s", "alpha", "coefficients", ">", "/=", "0.84", "for", "the", "CRQ", "and", ">", "/=", "0.76", "for", "the", "SGRQ", ")", ".", "Factor", "analysis", "confirmed", "the", "original", "domain", "structure", "of", "the", "CRQ", "but", "not", "of", "the", "SGRQ", ".", "Correlations", "with", "forced", "expiratory", "volume", "in", "one", "second", "(", "FEV", "(", "1", ")", ")", "%", "predicted", "and", "peak", "expiratory", "flow", "rate", "(", "PEFR", ")", "were", "low", "for", "both", "questionnaires", "but", "better", "for", "the", "SGRQ", "than", "for", "the", "CRQ", ".", "The", "ability", "to", "discriminate", "between", "subjects", "with", "different", "levels", "of", "FEV", "(", "1", ")", "was", "somewhat", "better", "for", "the", "SGRQ", ".", "The", "correlations", "with", "symptom", "scores", "were", "comparable", "for", "both", "questionnaires", ".", "Cross", "sectionally", ",", "the", "scores", "of", "the", "two", "questionnaires", "were", "moderately", "to", "highly", "correlated", "(", "coefficients", "ranged", "from", "0.35", "to", "0.72", ")", ".", "Longitudinally", ",", "these", "correlations", "were", "lower", "(", "coefficients", "ranged", "from", "0.17", "to", "0.54", ")", "but", "were", "still", "significant", ".", "The", "CRQ", "total", "and", "emotions", "score", "and", "the", "SGRQ", "symptoms", "score", "were", "the", "most", "responsive", "to", "change", ".", "The", "SGRQ", "symptoms", "domain", "was", "the", "only", "domain", "where", "the", "improvement", "in", "patients", "receiving", "combination", "treatment", "crossed", "the", "threshold", "for", "clinical", "relevance", ".", "CONCLUSIONS", "Since", "this", "analysis", "of", "reliability", ",", "validity", ",", "and", "responsiveness", "to", "change", "did", "not", "clearly", "favour", "one", "instrument", "above", "the", "other", ",", "the", "choice", "between", "the", "CRQ", "and", "the", "SGRQ", "can", "be", "based", "on", "other", "considerations", "such", "as", "the", "required", "sample", "size", "or", "the", "availability", "of", "reference", "values", "." ]	[ "Participant_Condition", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Intervention_Control" ]
CREB is a protein-family, CREB - binding protein is a protein, CRE is a DNA, c - fos is a protein, tyrosine hydroxylase is a protein, enkephalin is a protein, somatostatin is a protein, vasoactive intestinal peptide is a protein	1.0alpha7.train.1232_task0	Sentence: Phosphorylated CREB protein then binds to CREB-binding protein (27, 28), and this complex is thought to induce transcription of genes containing CRE sequences such as c-fos (7), tyrosine hydroxylase (29), enkephalin (18), somatostatin (17), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (30). Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: DNA, protein-family, protein	[ "O", "B-protein-family", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DNA", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Phosphorylated CREB protein then binds to CREB-binding protein (27, 28), and this complex is thought to induce transcription of genes containing CRE sequences such as c-fos (7), tyrosine hydroxylase (29), enkephalin (18), somatostatin (17), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (30).	[ "Phosphorylated", "CREB", "protein", "then", "binds", "to", "CREB", "-", "binding", "protein", "(", "27", ",", "28", ")", ",", "and", "this", "complex", "is", "thought", "to", "induce", "transcription", "of", "genes", "containing", "CRE", "sequences", "such", "as", "c", "-", "fos", "(", "7", ")", ",", "tyrosine", "hydroxylase", "(", "29", ")", ",", "enkephalin", "(", "18", ")", ",", "somatostatin", "(", "17", ")", ",", "and", "vasoactive", "intestinal", "peptide", "(", "30", ")", "." ]	[ "protein", "protein-family", "DNA" ]
CREB is a protein-family, CREB - binding protein is a protein, CRE is a DNA, c - fos is a protein, tyrosine hydroxylase is a protein, enkephalin is a protein, somatostatin is a protein, vasoactive intestinal peptide is a protein	1.0alpha7.train.1232_task1	Sentence: Phosphorylated CREB protein then binds to CREB-binding protein (27, 28), and this complex is thought to induce transcription of genes containing CRE sequences such as c-fos (7), tyrosine hydroxylase (29), enkephalin (18), somatostatin (17), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (30). Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: CREB, CREB - binding protein, CRE, c - fos, tyrosine hydroxylase, enkephalin, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide Options: DNA, protein-family, protein	[ "O", "B-protein-family", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DNA", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Phosphorylated CREB protein then binds to CREB-binding protein (27, 28), and this complex is thought to induce transcription of genes containing CRE sequences such as c-fos (7), tyrosine hydroxylase (29), enkephalin (18), somatostatin (17), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (30).	[ "Phosphorylated", "CREB", "protein", "then", "binds", "to", "CREB", "-", "binding", "protein", "(", "27", ",", "28", ")", ",", "and", "this", "complex", "is", "thought", "to", "induce", "transcription", "of", "genes", "containing", "CRE", "sequences", "such", "as", "c", "-", "fos", "(", "7", ")", ",", "tyrosine", "hydroxylase", "(", "29", ")", ",", "enkephalin", "(", "18", ")", ",", "somatostatin", "(", "17", ")", ",", "and", "vasoactive", "intestinal", "peptide", "(", "30", ")", "." ]	[ "protein", "protein-family", "DNA" ]
CREB, CREB - binding protein, CRE, c - fos, tyrosine hydroxylase, enkephalin, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide	1.0alpha7.train.1232_task2	Sentence: Phosphorylated CREB protein then binds to CREB-binding protein (27, 28), and this complex is thought to induce transcription of genes containing CRE sequences such as c-fos (7), tyrosine hydroxylase (29), enkephalin (18), somatostatin (17), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (30). Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "B-protein-family", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DNA", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Phosphorylated CREB protein then binds to CREB-binding protein (27, 28), and this complex is thought to induce transcription of genes containing CRE sequences such as c-fos (7), tyrosine hydroxylase (29), enkephalin (18), somatostatin (17), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (30).	[ "Phosphorylated", "CREB", "protein", "then", "binds", "to", "CREB", "-", "binding", "protein", "(", "27", ",", "28", ")", ",", "and", "this", "complex", "is", "thought", "to", "induce", "transcription", "of", "genes", "containing", "CRE", "sequences", "such", "as", "c", "-", "fos", "(", "7", ")", ",", "tyrosine", "hydroxylase", "(", "29", ")", ",", "enkephalin", "(", "18", ")", ",", "somatostatin", "(", "17", ")", ",", "and", "vasoactive", "intestinal", "peptide", "(", "30", ")", "." ]	[ "protein", "protein-family", "DNA" ]
milbemycins A3 and A4 is a CHEMICAL	23631374_task0	Sentence: X-ray structure analysis of a solid solution of milbemycins A3 and A4. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: CHEMICAL	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O" ]	X-ray structure analysis of a solid solution of milbemycins A3 and A4.	[ "X", "-", "ray", "structure", "analysis", "of", "a", "solid", "solution", "of", "milbemycins", "A3", "and", "A4", "." ]	[ "CHEMICAL" ]
milbemycins A3 and A4 is a CHEMICAL	23631374_task1	Sentence: X-ray structure analysis of a solid solution of milbemycins A3 and A4. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: milbemycins A3 and A4 Options: CHEMICAL	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O" ]	X-ray structure analysis of a solid solution of milbemycins A3 and A4.	[ "X", "-", "ray", "structure", "analysis", "of", "a", "solid", "solution", "of", "milbemycins", "A3", "and", "A4", "." ]	[ "CHEMICAL" ]
milbemycins A3 and A4	23631374_task2	Sentence: X-ray structure analysis of a solid solution of milbemycins A3 and A4. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O" ]	X-ray structure analysis of a solid solution of milbemycins A3 and A4.	[ "X", "-", "ray", "structure", "analysis", "of", "a", "solid", "solution", "of", "milbemycins", "A3", "and", "A4", "." ]	[ "CHEMICAL" ]
nitric oxide synthase is a protein, acetylcholine is a compound	DS.d123_task0	Sentence: Recent studies have focused on possible functional disorders of the enteric nervous system within the abomasal wall, since cattle with abomasal displacement have an increased activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, as well as decreased acetylcholine sensitivity. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: compound, protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O" ]	Recent studies have focused on possible functional disorders of the enteric nervous system within the abomasal wall, since cattle with abomasal displacement have an increased activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, as well as decreased acetylcholine sensitivity.	[ "Recent", "studies", "have", "focused", "on", "possible", "functional", "disorders", "of", "the", "enteric", "nervous", "system", "within", "the", "abomasal", "wall", ",", "since", "cattle", "with", "abomasal", "displacement", "have", "an", "increased", "activity", "of", "neuronal", "nitric", "oxide", "synthase", ",", "as", "well", "as", "decreased", "acetylcholine", "sensitivity", "." ]	[ "protein", "compound" ]
nitric oxide synthase is a protein, acetylcholine is a compound	DS.d123_task1	Sentence: Recent studies have focused on possible functional disorders of the enteric nervous system within the abomasal wall, since cattle with abomasal displacement have an increased activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, as well as decreased acetylcholine sensitivity. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: nitric oxide synthase, acetylcholine Options: compound, protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O" ]	Recent studies have focused on possible functional disorders of the enteric nervous system within the abomasal wall, since cattle with abomasal displacement have an increased activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, as well as decreased acetylcholine sensitivity.	[ "Recent", "studies", "have", "focused", "on", "possible", "functional", "disorders", "of", "the", "enteric", "nervous", "system", "within", "the", "abomasal", "wall", ",", "since", "cattle", "with", "abomasal", "displacement", "have", "an", "increased", "activity", "of", "neuronal", "nitric", "oxide", "synthase", ",", "as", "well", "as", "decreased", "acetylcholine", "sensitivity", "." ]	[ "protein", "compound" ]
nitric oxide synthase, acetylcholine	DS.d123_task2	Sentence: Recent studies have focused on possible functional disorders of the enteric nervous system within the abomasal wall, since cattle with abomasal displacement have an increased activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, as well as decreased acetylcholine sensitivity. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O" ]	Recent studies have focused on possible functional disorders of the enteric nervous system within the abomasal wall, since cattle with abomasal displacement have an increased activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, as well as decreased acetylcholine sensitivity.	[ "Recent", "studies", "have", "focused", "on", "possible", "functional", "disorders", "of", "the", "enteric", "nervous", "system", "within", "the", "abomasal", "wall", ",", "since", "cattle", "with", "abomasal", "displacement", "have", "an", "increased", "activity", "of", "neuronal", "nitric", "oxide", "synthase", ",", "as", "well", "as", "decreased", "acetylcholine", "sensitivity", "." ]	[ "protein", "compound" ]
synovial cysts is an umlsterm, cysts is an umlsterm, nerve root compression is an umlsterm, Magnetic resonance imaging is an umlsterm, diagnosis is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, choice is an umlsterm, surgical is an umlsterm, cysts is an umlsterm, spontaneous remissions is an umlsterm, aspiration is an umlsterm, cysts is an umlsterm, corticosteroid is an umlsterm, injection is an umlsterm, symptoms is an umlsterm, time is an umlsterm, retrospective study is an umlsterm, period is an umlsterm, cysts is an umlsterm, synovial cysts is an umlsterm, symptoms is an umlsterm, operations is an umlsterm, nerve root compression is an umlsterm, cysts is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, pain is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, cysts is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, pain is an umlsterm, Pareses is an umlsterm	DerNervenarzt.70680515.eng.abstr_task0	Sentence: Ganglionic and synovial cysts ( juxta-facet cysts ) causing nerve root compression are very rare . Magnetic resonance imaging is the best means of diagnosis . The treatment of choice is surgical removal of the cysts , though spontaneous remissions do occur . CT-guided aspiration of the cysts and corticosteroid injection can lead the symptoms to disappear , but only for a short time . In a retrospective study covering a period of 16.5 years , we discovered 24 juxta-facet cysts ( 10 ganglionic and 14 synovial cysts ) with clinical symptoms in a total of 19,107 lumbar and thoracic operations performed to relieve nerve root compression : 16 cysts were located at the level L4-5, 3 at the level L5-S1, 2 at L3-4, and 1 each at the levels L2-3, L1-2, and T10-1. Seven patients complained of radicular pain , and the other 17 patients also had neurological deficits . Fourteen cysts were resected , and in 10 cases the lumbar disc was removed simultaneously . The average follow-up in 23 of the 24 patients was 26.6 months . Most ( 74% ) of the patients became free of pain . Pareses disappeared in 89% and sensory deficits in 73% of cases . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Ganglionic and synovial cysts ( juxta-facet cysts ) causing nerve root compression are very rare . Magnetic resonance imaging is the best means of diagnosis . The treatment of choice is surgical removal of the cysts , though spontaneous remissions do occur . CT-guided aspiration of the cysts and corticosteroid injection can lead the symptoms to disappear , but only for a short time . In a retrospective study covering a period of 16.5 years , we discovered 24 juxta-facet cysts ( 10 ganglionic and 14 synovial cysts ) with clinical symptoms in a total of 19,107 lumbar and thoracic operations performed to relieve nerve root compression : 16 cysts were located at the level L4-5, 3 at the level L5-S1, 2 at L3-4, and 1 each at the levels L2-3, L1-2, and T10-1. Seven patients complained of radicular pain , and the other 17 patients also had neurological deficits . Fourteen cysts were resected , and in 10 cases the lumbar disc was removed simultaneously . The average follow-up in 23 of the 24 patients was 26.6 months . Most ( 74% ) of the patients became free of pain . Pareses disappeared in 89% and sensory deficits in 73% of cases .	[ "Ganglionic", "and", "synovial", "cysts", "(", "juxta", "-", "facet", "cysts", ")", "causing", "nerve", "root", "compression", "are", "very", "rare", ".", "Magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "is", "the", "best", "means", "of", "diagnosis", ".", "The", "treatment", "of", "choice", "is", "surgical", "removal", "of", "the", "cysts", ",", "though", "spontaneous", "remissions", "do", "occur", ".", "CT", "-", "guided", "aspiration", "of", "the", "cysts", "and", "corticosteroid", "injection", "can", "lead", "the", "symptoms", "to", "disappear", ",", "but", "only", "for", "a", "short", "time", ".", "In", "a", "retrospective", "study", "covering", "a", "period", "of", "16.5", "years", ",", "we", "discovered", "24", "juxta", "-", "facet", "cysts", "(", "10", "ganglionic", "and", "14", "synovial", "cysts", ")", "with", "clinical", "symptoms", "in", "a", "total", "of", "19,107", "lumbar", "and", "thoracic", "operations", "performed", "to", "relieve", "nerve", "root", "compression", ":", "16", "cysts", "were", "located", "at", "the", "level", "L4", "-", "5", ",", "3", "at", "the", "level", "L5-S1", ",", "2", "at", "L3", "-", "4", ",", "and", "1", "each", "at", "the", "levels", "L2", "-", "3", ",", "L1", "-", "2", ",", "and", "T10", "-", "1", ".", "Seven", "patients", "complained", "of", "radicular", "pain", ",", "and", "the", "other", "17", "patients", "also", "had", "neurological", "deficits", ".", "Fourteen", "cysts", "were", "resected", ",", "and", "in", "10", "cases", "the", "lumbar", "disc", "was", "removed", "simultaneously", ".", "The", "average", "follow", "-", "up", "in", "23", "of", "the", "24", "patients", "was", "26.6", "months", ".", "Most", "(", "74", "%", ")", "of", "the", "patients", "became", "free", "of", "pain", ".", "Pareses", "disappeared", "in", "89", "%", "and", "sensory", "deficits", "in", "73", "%", "of", "cases", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
synovial cysts is an umlsterm, cysts is an umlsterm, nerve root compression is an umlsterm, Magnetic resonance imaging is an umlsterm, diagnosis is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, choice is an umlsterm, surgical is an umlsterm, cysts is an umlsterm, spontaneous remissions is an umlsterm, aspiration is an umlsterm, cysts is an umlsterm, corticosteroid is an umlsterm, injection is an umlsterm, symptoms is an umlsterm, time is an umlsterm, retrospective study is an umlsterm, period is an umlsterm, cysts is an umlsterm, synovial cysts is an umlsterm, symptoms is an umlsterm, operations is an umlsterm, nerve root compression is an umlsterm, cysts is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, pain is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, cysts is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, pain is an umlsterm, Pareses is an umlsterm	DerNervenarzt.70680515.eng.abstr_task1	Sentence: Ganglionic and synovial cysts ( juxta-facet cysts ) causing nerve root compression are very rare . Magnetic resonance imaging is the best means of diagnosis . The treatment of choice is surgical removal of the cysts , though spontaneous remissions do occur . CT-guided aspiration of the cysts and corticosteroid injection can lead the symptoms to disappear , but only for a short time . In a retrospective study covering a period of 16.5 years , we discovered 24 juxta-facet cysts ( 10 ganglionic and 14 synovial cysts ) with clinical symptoms in a total of 19,107 lumbar and thoracic operations performed to relieve nerve root compression : 16 cysts were located at the level L4-5, 3 at the level L5-S1, 2 at L3-4, and 1 each at the levels L2-3, L1-2, and T10-1. Seven patients complained of radicular pain , and the other 17 patients also had neurological deficits . Fourteen cysts were resected , and in 10 cases the lumbar disc was removed simultaneously . The average follow-up in 23 of the 24 patients was 26.6 months . Most ( 74% ) of the patients became free of pain . Pareses disappeared in 89% and sensory deficits in 73% of cases . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: synovial cysts, cysts, nerve root compression, Magnetic resonance imaging, diagnosis, treatment, choice, surgical, cysts, spontaneous remissions, aspiration, cysts, corticosteroid, injection, symptoms, time, retrospective study, period, cysts, synovial cysts, symptoms, operations, nerve root compression, cysts, patients, pain, patients, cysts, patients, patients, pain, Pareses Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Ganglionic and synovial cysts ( juxta-facet cysts ) causing nerve root compression are very rare . Magnetic resonance imaging is the best means of diagnosis . The treatment of choice is surgical removal of the cysts , though spontaneous remissions do occur . CT-guided aspiration of the cysts and corticosteroid injection can lead the symptoms to disappear , but only for a short time . In a retrospective study covering a period of 16.5 years , we discovered 24 juxta-facet cysts ( 10 ganglionic and 14 synovial cysts ) with clinical symptoms in a total of 19,107 lumbar and thoracic operations performed to relieve nerve root compression : 16 cysts were located at the level L4-5, 3 at the level L5-S1, 2 at L3-4, and 1 each at the levels L2-3, L1-2, and T10-1. Seven patients complained of radicular pain , and the other 17 patients also had neurological deficits . Fourteen cysts were resected , and in 10 cases the lumbar disc was removed simultaneously . The average follow-up in 23 of the 24 patients was 26.6 months . Most ( 74% ) of the patients became free of pain . Pareses disappeared in 89% and sensory deficits in 73% of cases .	[ "Ganglionic", "and", "synovial", "cysts", "(", "juxta", "-", "facet", "cysts", ")", "causing", "nerve", "root", "compression", "are", "very", "rare", ".", "Magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "is", "the", "best", "means", "of", "diagnosis", ".", "The", "treatment", "of", "choice", "is", "surgical", "removal", "of", "the", "cysts", ",", "though", "spontaneous", "remissions", "do", "occur", ".", "CT", "-", "guided", "aspiration", "of", "the", "cysts", "and", "corticosteroid", "injection", "can", "lead", "the", "symptoms", "to", "disappear", ",", "but", "only", "for", "a", "short", "time", ".", "In", "a", "retrospective", "study", "covering", "a", "period", "of", "16.5", "years", ",", "we", "discovered", "24", "juxta", "-", "facet", "cysts", "(", "10", "ganglionic", "and", "14", "synovial", "cysts", ")", "with", "clinical", "symptoms", "in", "a", "total", "of", "19,107", "lumbar", "and", "thoracic", "operations", "performed", "to", "relieve", "nerve", "root", "compression", ":", "16", "cysts", "were", "located", "at", "the", "level", "L4", "-", "5", ",", "3", "at", "the", "level", "L5-S1", ",", "2", "at", "L3", "-", "4", ",", "and", "1", "each", "at", "the", "levels", "L2", "-", "3", ",", "L1", "-", "2", ",", "and", "T10", "-", "1", ".", "Seven", "patients", "complained", "of", "radicular", "pain", ",", "and", "the", "other", "17", "patients", "also", "had", "neurological", "deficits", ".", "Fourteen", "cysts", "were", "resected", ",", "and", "in", "10", "cases", "the", "lumbar", "disc", "was", "removed", "simultaneously", ".", "The", "average", "follow", "-", "up", "in", "23", "of", "the", "24", "patients", "was", "26.6", "months", ".", "Most", "(", "74", "%", ")", "of", "the", "patients", "became", "free", "of", "pain", ".", "Pareses", "disappeared", "in", "89", "%", "and", "sensory", "deficits", "in", "73", "%", "of", "cases", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
synovial cysts, cysts, nerve root compression, Magnetic resonance imaging, diagnosis, treatment, choice, surgical, cysts, spontaneous remissions, aspiration, cysts, corticosteroid, injection, symptoms, time, retrospective study, period, cysts, synovial cysts, symptoms, operations, nerve root compression, cysts, patients, pain, patients, cysts, patients, patients, pain, Pareses	DerNervenarzt.70680515.eng.abstr_task2	Sentence: Ganglionic and synovial cysts ( juxta-facet cysts ) causing nerve root compression are very rare . Magnetic resonance imaging is the best means of diagnosis . The treatment of choice is surgical removal of the cysts , though spontaneous remissions do occur . CT-guided aspiration of the cysts and corticosteroid injection can lead the symptoms to disappear , but only for a short time . In a retrospective study covering a period of 16.5 years , we discovered 24 juxta-facet cysts ( 10 ganglionic and 14 synovial cysts ) with clinical symptoms in a total of 19,107 lumbar and thoracic operations performed to relieve nerve root compression : 16 cysts were located at the level L4-5, 3 at the level L5-S1, 2 at L3-4, and 1 each at the levels L2-3, L1-2, and T10-1. Seven patients complained of radicular pain , and the other 17 patients also had neurological deficits . Fourteen cysts were resected , and in 10 cases the lumbar disc was removed simultaneously . The average follow-up in 23 of the 24 patients was 26.6 months . Most ( 74% ) of the patients became free of pain . Pareses disappeared in 89% and sensory deficits in 73% of cases . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Ganglionic and synovial cysts ( juxta-facet cysts ) causing nerve root compression are very rare . Magnetic resonance imaging is the best means of diagnosis . The treatment of choice is surgical removal of the cysts , though spontaneous remissions do occur . CT-guided aspiration of the cysts and corticosteroid injection can lead the symptoms to disappear , but only for a short time . In a retrospective study covering a period of 16.5 years , we discovered 24 juxta-facet cysts ( 10 ganglionic and 14 synovial cysts ) with clinical symptoms in a total of 19,107 lumbar and thoracic operations performed to relieve nerve root compression : 16 cysts were located at the level L4-5, 3 at the level L5-S1, 2 at L3-4, and 1 each at the levels L2-3, L1-2, and T10-1. Seven patients complained of radicular pain , and the other 17 patients also had neurological deficits . Fourteen cysts were resected , and in 10 cases the lumbar disc was removed simultaneously . The average follow-up in 23 of the 24 patients was 26.6 months . Most ( 74% ) of the patients became free of pain . Pareses disappeared in 89% and sensory deficits in 73% of cases .	[ "Ganglionic", "and", "synovial", "cysts", "(", "juxta", "-", "facet", "cysts", ")", "causing", "nerve", "root", "compression", "are", "very", "rare", ".", "Magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "is", "the", "best", "means", "of", "diagnosis", ".", "The", "treatment", "of", "choice", "is", "surgical", "removal", "of", "the", "cysts", ",", "though", "spontaneous", "remissions", "do", "occur", ".", "CT", "-", "guided", "aspiration", "of", "the", "cysts", "and", "corticosteroid", "injection", "can", "lead", "the", "symptoms", "to", "disappear", ",", "but", "only", "for", "a", "short", "time", ".", "In", "a", "retrospective", "study", "covering", "a", "period", "of", "16.5", "years", ",", "we", "discovered", "24", "juxta", "-", "facet", "cysts", "(", "10", "ganglionic", "and", "14", "synovial", "cysts", ")", "with", "clinical", "symptoms", "in", "a", "total", "of", "19,107", "lumbar", "and", "thoracic", "operations", "performed", "to", "relieve", "nerve", "root", "compression", ":", "16", "cysts", "were", "located", "at", "the", "level", "L4", "-", "5", ",", "3", "at", "the", "level", "L5-S1", ",", "2", "at", "L3", "-", "4", ",", "and", "1", "each", "at", "the", "levels", "L2", "-", "3", ",", "L1", "-", "2", ",", "and", "T10", "-", "1", ".", "Seven", "patients", "complained", "of", "radicular", "pain", ",", "and", "the", "other", "17", "patients", "also", "had", "neurological", "deficits", ".", "Fourteen", "cysts", "were", "resected", ",", "and", "in", "10", "cases", "the", "lumbar", "disc", "was", "removed", "simultaneously", ".", "The", "average", "follow", "-", "up", "in", "23", "of", "the", "24", "patients", "was", "26.6", "months", ".", "Most", "(", "74", "%", ")", "of", "the", "patients", "became", "free", "of", "pain", ".", "Pareses", "disappeared", "in", "89", "%", "and", "sensory", "deficits", "in", "73", "%", "of", "cases", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Collagen is an umlsterm, vascular diseases is an umlsterm, tissue is an umlsterm, disorders is an umlsterm, pathologic is an umlsterm, respiratory tract is an umlsterm, survey is an umlsterm, chest is an umlsterm, findings is an umlsterm, respiratory tract is an umlsterm, fibrosing alveolitis is an umlsterm, interstitial pneumonia is an umlsterm, pulmonary fibrosis is an umlsterm, bronchiectasis is an umlsterm, pleural is an umlsterm, lymphadenopathy is an umlsterm, abnormalities is an umlsterm, therapy is an umlsterm, progressive systemic sclerosis is an umlsterm, PSS is an umlsterm, scleroderma is an umlsterm, lupus is an umlsterm, erythematosus is an umlsterm, SLE is an umlsterm, connective tissue disease is an umlsterm, MCTD is an umlsterm, Sharp syndrome is an umlsterm, syndrome is an umlsterm, syndrome is an umlsterm, rheumatoid arthritis is an umlsterm, findings is an umlsterm, esophageal is an umlsterm, PSS is an umlsterm, pneumonitis is an umlsterm, hemorrhage is an umlsterm, SLE is an umlsterm, lymphoproliferative disease is an umlsterm, syndrome is an umlsterm	DerRadiologe.60360567.eng.abstr_task0	Sentence: Collagen vascular diseases , representing systemic soft tissue disorders , may cause a broad spectrum of pathologic changes of the respiratory tract . The type and extent of manifestations can vary considerably among individuals and entities . This survey describes the chest radiographic and , in particular , high-resolution computed tomographic ( HRCT ) findings of individual lesions of the respiratory tract . It includes fibrosing alveolitis ( alveolitis , interstitial pneumonia , pulmonary fibrosis ) and bronchial ( bronchitis/bronchiolitis , bronchiectasis ) , pleural and vascular manifestations , as well as lymphadenopathy and abnormalities related to therapy . We present typical patterns of changes in progressive systemic sclerosis ( PSS , scleroderma ) , systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) , mixed connective tissue disease ( MCTD , Sharp syndrome ) , Sjoegren syndrome , overlap syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . Furthermore , we describe findings which are specific for individual entities such as esophageal involvement in PSS , acute pneumonitis and pulmonary hemorrhage in SLE , lymphoproliferative disease in Sjoegren syndrome and necrobiotic nodules in RA . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Collagen vascular diseases , representing systemic soft tissue disorders , may cause a broad spectrum of pathologic changes of the respiratory tract . The type and extent of manifestations can vary considerably among individuals and entities . This survey describes the chest radiographic and , in particular , high-resolution computed tomographic ( HRCT ) findings of individual lesions of the respiratory tract . It includes fibrosing alveolitis ( alveolitis , interstitial pneumonia , pulmonary fibrosis ) and bronchial ( bronchitis/bronchiolitis , bronchiectasis ) , pleural and vascular manifestations , as well as lymphadenopathy and abnormalities related to therapy . We present typical patterns of changes in progressive systemic sclerosis ( PSS , scleroderma ) , systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) , mixed connective tissue disease ( MCTD , Sharp syndrome ) , Sjoegren syndrome , overlap syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . Furthermore , we describe findings which are specific for individual entities such as esophageal involvement in PSS , acute pneumonitis and pulmonary hemorrhage in SLE , lymphoproliferative disease in Sjoegren syndrome and necrobiotic nodules in RA .	[ "Collagen", "vascular", "diseases", ",", "representing", "systemic", "soft", "tissue", "disorders", ",", "may", "cause", "a", "broad", "spectrum", "of", "pathologic", "changes", "of", "the", "respiratory", "tract", ".", "The", "type", "and", "extent", "of", "manifestations", "can", "vary", "considerably", "among", "individuals", "and", "entities", ".", "This", "survey", "describes", "the", "chest", "radiographic", "and", ",", "in", "particular", ",", "high", "-", "resolution", "computed", "tomographic", "(", "HRCT", ")", "findings", "of", "individual", "lesions", "of", "the", "respiratory", "tract", ".", "It", "includes", "fibrosing", "alveolitis", "(", "alveolitis", ",", "interstitial", "pneumonia", ",", "pulmonary", "fibrosis", ")", "and", "bronchial", "(", "bronchitis", "/", "bronchiolitis", ",", "bronchiectasis", ")", ",", "pleural", "and", "vascular", "manifestations", ",", "as", "well", "as", "lymphadenopathy", "and", "abnormalities", "related", "to", "therapy", ".", "We", "present", "typical", "patterns", "of", "changes", "in", "progressive", "systemic", "sclerosis", "(", "PSS", ",", "scleroderma", ")", ",", "systemic", "lupus", "erythematosus", "(", "SLE", ")", ",", "mixed", "connective", "tissue", "disease", "(", "MCTD", ",", "Sharp", "syndrome", ")", ",", "Sjoegren", "syndrome", ",", "overlap", "syndrome", "and", "rheumatoid", "arthritis", "(", "RA", ")", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "we", "describe", "findings", "which", "are", "specific", "for", "individual", "entities", "such", "as", "esophageal", "involvement", "in", "PSS", ",", "acute", "pneumonitis", "and", "pulmonary", "hemorrhage", "in", "SLE", ",", "lymphoproliferative", "disease", "in", "Sjoegren", "syndrome", "and", "necrobiotic", "nodules", "in", "RA", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Collagen is an umlsterm, vascular diseases is an umlsterm, tissue is an umlsterm, disorders is an umlsterm, pathologic is an umlsterm, respiratory tract is an umlsterm, survey is an umlsterm, chest is an umlsterm, findings is an umlsterm, respiratory tract is an umlsterm, fibrosing alveolitis is an umlsterm, interstitial pneumonia is an umlsterm, pulmonary fibrosis is an umlsterm, bronchiectasis is an umlsterm, pleural is an umlsterm, lymphadenopathy is an umlsterm, abnormalities is an umlsterm, therapy is an umlsterm, progressive systemic sclerosis is an umlsterm, PSS is an umlsterm, scleroderma is an umlsterm, lupus is an umlsterm, erythematosus is an umlsterm, SLE is an umlsterm, connective tissue disease is an umlsterm, MCTD is an umlsterm, Sharp syndrome is an umlsterm, syndrome is an umlsterm, syndrome is an umlsterm, rheumatoid arthritis is an umlsterm, findings is an umlsterm, esophageal is an umlsterm, PSS is an umlsterm, pneumonitis is an umlsterm, hemorrhage is an umlsterm, SLE is an umlsterm, lymphoproliferative disease is an umlsterm, syndrome is an umlsterm	DerRadiologe.60360567.eng.abstr_task1	Sentence: Collagen vascular diseases , representing systemic soft tissue disorders , may cause a broad spectrum of pathologic changes of the respiratory tract . The type and extent of manifestations can vary considerably among individuals and entities . This survey describes the chest radiographic and , in particular , high-resolution computed tomographic ( HRCT ) findings of individual lesions of the respiratory tract . It includes fibrosing alveolitis ( alveolitis , interstitial pneumonia , pulmonary fibrosis ) and bronchial ( bronchitis/bronchiolitis , bronchiectasis ) , pleural and vascular manifestations , as well as lymphadenopathy and abnormalities related to therapy . We present typical patterns of changes in progressive systemic sclerosis ( PSS , scleroderma ) , systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) , mixed connective tissue disease ( MCTD , Sharp syndrome ) , Sjoegren syndrome , overlap syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . Furthermore , we describe findings which are specific for individual entities such as esophageal involvement in PSS , acute pneumonitis and pulmonary hemorrhage in SLE , lymphoproliferative disease in Sjoegren syndrome and necrobiotic nodules in RA . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Collagen, vascular diseases, tissue, disorders, pathologic, respiratory tract, survey, chest, findings, respiratory tract, fibrosing alveolitis, interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, bronchiectasis, pleural, lymphadenopathy, abnormalities, therapy, progressive systemic sclerosis, PSS, scleroderma, lupus, erythematosus, SLE, connective tissue disease, MCTD, Sharp syndrome, syndrome, syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, findings, esophageal, PSS, pneumonitis, hemorrhage, SLE, lymphoproliferative disease, syndrome Options: umlsterm	[ "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Collagen vascular diseases , representing systemic soft tissue disorders , may cause a broad spectrum of pathologic changes of the respiratory tract . The type and extent of manifestations can vary considerably among individuals and entities . This survey describes the chest radiographic and , in particular , high-resolution computed tomographic ( HRCT ) findings of individual lesions of the respiratory tract . It includes fibrosing alveolitis ( alveolitis , interstitial pneumonia , pulmonary fibrosis ) and bronchial ( bronchitis/bronchiolitis , bronchiectasis ) , pleural and vascular manifestations , as well as lymphadenopathy and abnormalities related to therapy . We present typical patterns of changes in progressive systemic sclerosis ( PSS , scleroderma ) , systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) , mixed connective tissue disease ( MCTD , Sharp syndrome ) , Sjoegren syndrome , overlap syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . Furthermore , we describe findings which are specific for individual entities such as esophageal involvement in PSS , acute pneumonitis and pulmonary hemorrhage in SLE , lymphoproliferative disease in Sjoegren syndrome and necrobiotic nodules in RA .	[ "Collagen", "vascular", "diseases", ",", "representing", "systemic", "soft", "tissue", "disorders", ",", "may", "cause", "a", "broad", "spectrum", "of", "pathologic", "changes", "of", "the", "respiratory", "tract", ".", "The", "type", "and", "extent", "of", "manifestations", "can", "vary", "considerably", "among", "individuals", "and", "entities", ".", "This", "survey", "describes", "the", "chest", "radiographic", "and", ",", "in", "particular", ",", "high", "-", "resolution", "computed", "tomographic", "(", "HRCT", ")", "findings", "of", "individual", "lesions", "of", "the", "respiratory", "tract", ".", "It", "includes", "fibrosing", "alveolitis", "(", "alveolitis", ",", "interstitial", "pneumonia", ",", "pulmonary", "fibrosis", ")", "and", "bronchial", "(", "bronchitis", "/", "bronchiolitis", ",", "bronchiectasis", ")", ",", "pleural", "and", "vascular", "manifestations", ",", "as", "well", "as", "lymphadenopathy", "and", "abnormalities", "related", "to", "therapy", ".", "We", "present", "typical", "patterns", "of", "changes", "in", "progressive", "systemic", "sclerosis", "(", "PSS", ",", "scleroderma", ")", ",", "systemic", "lupus", "erythematosus", "(", "SLE", ")", ",", "mixed", "connective", "tissue", "disease", "(", "MCTD", ",", "Sharp", "syndrome", ")", ",", "Sjoegren", "syndrome", ",", "overlap", "syndrome", "and", "rheumatoid", "arthritis", "(", "RA", ")", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "we", "describe", "findings", "which", "are", "specific", "for", "individual", "entities", "such", "as", "esophageal", "involvement", "in", "PSS", ",", "acute", "pneumonitis", "and", "pulmonary", "hemorrhage", "in", "SLE", ",", "lymphoproliferative", "disease", "in", "Sjoegren", "syndrome", "and", "necrobiotic", "nodules", "in", "RA", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Collagen, vascular diseases, tissue, disorders, pathologic, respiratory tract, survey, chest, findings, respiratory tract, fibrosing alveolitis, interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, bronchiectasis, pleural, lymphadenopathy, abnormalities, therapy, progressive systemic sclerosis, PSS, scleroderma, lupus, erythematosus, SLE, connective tissue disease, MCTD, Sharp syndrome, syndrome, syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, findings, esophageal, PSS, pneumonitis, hemorrhage, SLE, lymphoproliferative disease, syndrome	DerRadiologe.60360567.eng.abstr_task2	Sentence: Collagen vascular diseases , representing systemic soft tissue disorders , may cause a broad spectrum of pathologic changes of the respiratory tract . The type and extent of manifestations can vary considerably among individuals and entities . This survey describes the chest radiographic and , in particular , high-resolution computed tomographic ( HRCT ) findings of individual lesions of the respiratory tract . It includes fibrosing alveolitis ( alveolitis , interstitial pneumonia , pulmonary fibrosis ) and bronchial ( bronchitis/bronchiolitis , bronchiectasis ) , pleural and vascular manifestations , as well as lymphadenopathy and abnormalities related to therapy . We present typical patterns of changes in progressive systemic sclerosis ( PSS , scleroderma ) , systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) , mixed connective tissue disease ( MCTD , Sharp syndrome ) , Sjoegren syndrome , overlap syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . Furthermore , we describe findings which are specific for individual entities such as esophageal involvement in PSS , acute pneumonitis and pulmonary hemorrhage in SLE , lymphoproliferative disease in Sjoegren syndrome and necrobiotic nodules in RA . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Collagen vascular diseases , representing systemic soft tissue disorders , may cause a broad spectrum of pathologic changes of the respiratory tract . The type and extent of manifestations can vary considerably among individuals and entities . This survey describes the chest radiographic and , in particular , high-resolution computed tomographic ( HRCT ) findings of individual lesions of the respiratory tract . It includes fibrosing alveolitis ( alveolitis , interstitial pneumonia , pulmonary fibrosis ) and bronchial ( bronchitis/bronchiolitis , bronchiectasis ) , pleural and vascular manifestations , as well as lymphadenopathy and abnormalities related to therapy . We present typical patterns of changes in progressive systemic sclerosis ( PSS , scleroderma ) , systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) , mixed connective tissue disease ( MCTD , Sharp syndrome ) , Sjoegren syndrome , overlap syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . Furthermore , we describe findings which are specific for individual entities such as esophageal involvement in PSS , acute pneumonitis and pulmonary hemorrhage in SLE , lymphoproliferative disease in Sjoegren syndrome and necrobiotic nodules in RA .	[ "Collagen", "vascular", "diseases", ",", "representing", "systemic", "soft", "tissue", "disorders", ",", "may", "cause", "a", "broad", "spectrum", "of", "pathologic", "changes", "of", "the", "respiratory", "tract", ".", "The", "type", "and", "extent", "of", "manifestations", "can", "vary", "considerably", "among", "individuals", "and", "entities", ".", "This", "survey", "describes", "the", "chest", "radiographic", "and", ",", "in", "particular", ",", "high", "-", "resolution", "computed", "tomographic", "(", "HRCT", ")", "findings", "of", "individual", "lesions", "of", "the", "respiratory", "tract", ".", "It", "includes", "fibrosing", "alveolitis", "(", "alveolitis", ",", "interstitial", "pneumonia", ",", "pulmonary", "fibrosis", ")", "and", "bronchial", "(", "bronchitis", "/", "bronchiolitis", ",", "bronchiectasis", ")", ",", "pleural", "and", "vascular", "manifestations", ",", "as", "well", "as", "lymphadenopathy", "and", "abnormalities", "related", "to", "therapy", ".", "We", "present", "typical", "patterns", "of", "changes", "in", "progressive", "systemic", "sclerosis", "(", "PSS", ",", "scleroderma", ")", ",", "systemic", "lupus", "erythematosus", "(", "SLE", ")", ",", "mixed", "connective", "tissue", "disease", "(", "MCTD", ",", "Sharp", "syndrome", ")", ",", "Sjoegren", "syndrome", ",", "overlap", "syndrome", "and", "rheumatoid", "arthritis", "(", "RA", ")", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "we", "describe", "findings", "which", "are", "specific", "for", "individual", "entities", "such", "as", "esophageal", "involvement", "in", "PSS", ",", "acute", "pneumonitis", "and", "pulmonary", "hemorrhage", "in", "SLE", ",", "lymphoproliferative", "disease", "in", "Sjoegren", "syndrome", "and", "necrobiotic", "nodules", "in", "RA", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
R121919 is a compound, AVP is a protein, CRH is a protein	DS.d278_task0	Sentence: Using DBA/2OlaHsd mice, we investigated the effects of chronic social defeat and concomitant treatment with R121919/NBI 30775 on 1) the behavioural profile in the modified hole board test and 2) in-situ hybridization analysis-based expression of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and CRH mRNA in both the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: compound, protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Using DBA/2OlaHsd mice, we investigated the effects of chronic social defeat and concomitant treatment with R121919/NBI 30775 on 1) the behavioural profile in the modified hole board test and 2) in-situ hybridization analysis-based expression of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and CRH mRNA in both the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus.	[ "Using", "DBA/2OlaHsd", "mice", ",", "we", "investigated", "the", "effects", "of", "chronic", "social", "defeat", "and", "concomitant", "treatment", "with", "R121919", "/", "NBI", "30775", "on", "1", ")", "the", "behavioural", "profile", "in", "the", "modified", "hole", "board", "test", "and", "2", ")", "in", "-", "situ", "hybridization", "analysis", "-", "based", "expression", "of", "arginine", "vasopressin", "(", "AVP", ")", "and", "CRH", "mRNA", "in", "both", "the", "hypothalamic", "paraventricular", "nucleus", "and", "supraoptic", "nucleus", "." ]	[ "compound", "protein" ]
R121919 is a compound, AVP is a protein, CRH is a protein	DS.d278_task1	Sentence: Using DBA/2OlaHsd mice, we investigated the effects of chronic social defeat and concomitant treatment with R121919/NBI 30775 on 1) the behavioural profile in the modified hole board test and 2) in-situ hybridization analysis-based expression of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and CRH mRNA in both the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: R121919, AVP, CRH Options: compound, protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Using DBA/2OlaHsd mice, we investigated the effects of chronic social defeat and concomitant treatment with R121919/NBI 30775 on 1) the behavioural profile in the modified hole board test and 2) in-situ hybridization analysis-based expression of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and CRH mRNA in both the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus.	[ "Using", "DBA/2OlaHsd", "mice", ",", "we", "investigated", "the", "effects", "of", "chronic", "social", "defeat", "and", "concomitant", "treatment", "with", "R121919", "/", "NBI", "30775", "on", "1", ")", "the", "behavioural", "profile", "in", "the", "modified", "hole", "board", "test", "and", "2", ")", "in", "-", "situ", "hybridization", "analysis", "-", "based", "expression", "of", "arginine", "vasopressin", "(", "AVP", ")", "and", "CRH", "mRNA", "in", "both", "the", "hypothalamic", "paraventricular", "nucleus", "and", "supraoptic", "nucleus", "." ]	[ "compound", "protein" ]
R121919, AVP, CRH	DS.d278_task2	Sentence: Using DBA/2OlaHsd mice, we investigated the effects of chronic social defeat and concomitant treatment with R121919/NBI 30775 on 1) the behavioural profile in the modified hole board test and 2) in-situ hybridization analysis-based expression of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and CRH mRNA in both the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Using DBA/2OlaHsd mice, we investigated the effects of chronic social defeat and concomitant treatment with R121919/NBI 30775 on 1) the behavioural profile in the modified hole board test and 2) in-situ hybridization analysis-based expression of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and CRH mRNA in both the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus.	[ "Using", "DBA/2OlaHsd", "mice", ",", "we", "investigated", "the", "effects", "of", "chronic", "social", "defeat", "and", "concomitant", "treatment", "with", "R121919", "/", "NBI", "30775", "on", "1", ")", "the", "behavioural", "profile", "in", "the", "modified", "hole", "board", "test", "and", "2", ")", "in", "-", "situ", "hybridization", "analysis", "-", "based", "expression", "of", "arginine", "vasopressin", "(", "AVP", ")", "and", "CRH", "mRNA", "in", "both", "the", "hypothalamic", "paraventricular", "nucleus", "and", "supraoptic", "nucleus", "." ]	[ "compound", "protein" ]
inhaled steroid , budesonide is a Intervention_Pharmacological, asthma is a Participant_Condition, inhaled steroids is a Intervention_Pharmacological, high and low dose inhaled steroid is a Intervention_Pharmacological, 101 adult patients is a Participant_Sample-size, bronchial asthma is a Participant_Condition, pharmacological treatment is a Participant_Condition, 800 microg inhaled budesonide is a Intervention_Pharmacological, 200 microg inhaled budesonide is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Turbuhaler dry powder inhaler is a Intervention_Pharmacological, morning or evening PEF values is a Outcome_Physical, decrease in bronchial hyperresponsiveness is a Outcome_Physical, more marked is a Outcome_Other, serum markers of asthmatic inflammation is a Outcome_Physical, decrease in the number of blood eosinophils is a Outcome_Physical, serum ECP is a Outcome_Physical, regard to serum EPX is a Outcome_Physical	3944_task0	Sentence: Comparison of high and low dose of the inhaled steroid , budesonide , as an initial treatment in newly detected asthma . The importance of early initiation of inhaled steroids even in mild asthma has been documented in several studies . It is not , however , clear whether the treatment should be started with a high or a low dose of the inhaled steroid . We have compared the effects of high and low dose inhaled steroid , budesonide , in patients with newly detected asthma . We studied 101 adult patients with newly detected bronchial asthma who were without inhaled steroid or any regular pharmacological treatment for their asthma . The patients were randomly allocated to two treatment groups : one to receive 800 microg inhaled budesonide per day and the other to receive 200 microg inhaled budesonide per day . The drugs were given with a Turbuhaler dry powder inhaler . During the 3-month treatment period , no significant differences between the treatment groups were noted in morning or evening PEF values , in spirometric parameters , in asthmatic symptoms or in the use of rescue beta2-agonists . The decrease in bronchial hyperresponsiveness was , however , more marked in the high dose budesonide group , reaching a borderline significance ( P=0.10 high vs. low dose budesonide ) . In addition , in serum markers of asthmatic inflammation significant differences were shown between the treatment groups . The decrease in the number of blood eosinophils during the treatment was more marked in the high dose budesonide group ( P=0.02 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . In serum ECP no change was observed in the low dose budesonide group , but a marked decrease in the high-dose budesonide group ( P=0.008 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . The change was even more marked with regard to serum EPX ( P=0.005 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . Our results support the view that the treatment of newly detected asthma should be started with a high dose of inhaled steroid . The low dose may not be enough to suppress asthmatic inflammation despite good clinical primary response . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size, Outcome_Other	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Comparison of high and low dose of the inhaled steroid , budesonide , as an initial treatment in newly detected asthma . The importance of early initiation of inhaled steroids even in mild asthma has been documented in several studies . It is not , however , clear whether the treatment should be started with a high or a low dose of the inhaled steroid . We have compared the effects of high and low dose inhaled steroid , budesonide , in patients with newly detected asthma . We studied 101 adult patients with newly detected bronchial asthma who were without inhaled steroid or any regular pharmacological treatment for their asthma . The patients were randomly allocated to two treatment groups : one to receive 800 microg inhaled budesonide per day and the other to receive 200 microg inhaled budesonide per day . The drugs were given with a Turbuhaler dry powder inhaler . During the 3-month treatment period , no significant differences between the treatment groups were noted in morning or evening PEF values , in spirometric parameters , in asthmatic symptoms or in the use of rescue beta2-agonists . The decrease in bronchial hyperresponsiveness was , however , more marked in the high dose budesonide group , reaching a borderline significance ( P=0.10 high vs. low dose budesonide ) . In addition , in serum markers of asthmatic inflammation significant differences were shown between the treatment groups . The decrease in the number of blood eosinophils during the treatment was more marked in the high dose budesonide group ( P=0.02 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . In serum ECP no change was observed in the low dose budesonide group , but a marked decrease in the high-dose budesonide group ( P=0.008 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . The change was even more marked with regard to serum EPX ( P=0.005 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . Our results support the view that the treatment of newly detected asthma should be started with a high dose of inhaled steroid . The low dose may not be enough to suppress asthmatic inflammation despite good clinical primary response .	[ "Comparison", "of", "high", "and", "low", "dose", "of", "the", "inhaled", "steroid", ",", "budesonide", ",", "as", "an", "initial", "treatment", "in", "newly", "detected", "asthma", ".", "The", "importance", "of", "early", "initiation", "of", "inhaled", "steroids", "even", "in", "mild", "asthma", "has", "been", "documented", "in", "several", "studies", ".", "It", "is", "not", ",", "however", ",", "clear", "whether", "the", "treatment", "should", "be", "started", "with", "a", "high", "or", "a", "low", "dose", "of", "the", "inhaled", "steroid", ".", "We", "have", "compared", "the", "effects", "of", "high", "and", "low", "dose", "inhaled", "steroid", ",", "budesonide", ",", "in", "patients", "with", "newly", "detected", "asthma", ".", "We", "studied", "101", "adult", "patients", "with", "newly", "detected", "bronchial", "asthma", "who", "were", "without", "inhaled", "steroid", "or", "any", "regular", "pharmacological", "treatment", "for", "their", "asthma", ".", "The", "patients", "were", "randomly", "allocated", "to", "two", "treatment", "groups", ":", "one", "to", "receive", "800", "microg", "inhaled", "budesonide", "per", "day", "and", "the", "other", "to", "receive", "200", "microg", "inhaled", "budesonide", "per", "day", ".", "The", "drugs", "were", "given", "with", "a", "Turbuhaler", "dry", "powder", "inhaler", ".", "During", "the", "3-month", "treatment", "period", ",", "no", "significant", "differences", "between", "the", "treatment", "groups", "were", "noted", "in", "morning", "or", "evening", "PEF", "values", ",", "in", "spirometric", "parameters", ",", "in", "asthmatic", "symptoms", "or", "in", "the", "use", "of", "rescue", "beta2-agonists", ".", "The", "decrease", "in", "bronchial", "hyperresponsiveness", "was", ",", "however", ",", "more", "marked", "in", "the", "high", "dose", "budesonide", "group", ",", "reaching", "a", "borderline", "significance", "(", "P=0.10", "high", "vs", ".", "low", "dose", "budesonide", ")", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "in", "serum", "markers", "of", "asthmatic", "inflammation", "significant", "differences", "were", "shown", "between", "the", "treatment", "groups", ".", "The", "decrease", "in", "the", "number", "of", "blood", "eosinophils", "during", "the", "treatment", "was", "more", "marked", "in", "the", "high", "dose", "budesonide", "group", "(", "P=0.02", ";", "high", "vs", ".", "low", "dose", "budesonide", ")", ".", "In", "serum", "ECP", "no", "change", "was", "observed", "in", "the", "low", "dose", "budesonide", "group", ",", "but", "a", "marked", "decrease", "in", "the", "high", "-", "dose", "budesonide", "group", "(", "P=0.008", ";", "high", "vs", ".", "low", "dose", "budesonide", ")", ".", "The", "change", "was", "even", "more", "marked", "with", "regard", "to", "serum", "EPX", "(", "P=0.005", ";", "high", "vs", ".", "low", "dose", "budesonide", ")", ".", "Our", "results", "support", "the", "view", "that", "the", "treatment", "of", "newly", "detected", "asthma", "should", "be", "started", "with", "a", "high", "dose", "of", "inhaled", "steroid", ".", "The", "low", "dose", "may", "not", "be", "enough", "to", "suppress", "asthmatic", "inflammation", "despite", "good", "clinical", "primary", "response", "." ]	[ "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Condition", "Participant_Sample-size", "Outcome_Other" ]
inhaled steroid , budesonide is a Intervention_Pharmacological, asthma is a Participant_Condition, inhaled steroids is a Intervention_Pharmacological, high and low dose inhaled steroid is a Intervention_Pharmacological, 101 adult patients is a Participant_Sample-size, bronchial asthma is a Participant_Condition, pharmacological treatment is a Participant_Condition, 800 microg inhaled budesonide is a Intervention_Pharmacological, 200 microg inhaled budesonide is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Turbuhaler dry powder inhaler is a Intervention_Pharmacological, morning or evening PEF values is a Outcome_Physical, decrease in bronchial hyperresponsiveness is a Outcome_Physical, more marked is a Outcome_Other, serum markers of asthmatic inflammation is a Outcome_Physical, decrease in the number of blood eosinophils is a Outcome_Physical, serum ECP is a Outcome_Physical, regard to serum EPX is a Outcome_Physical	3944_task1	Sentence: Comparison of high and low dose of the inhaled steroid , budesonide , as an initial treatment in newly detected asthma . The importance of early initiation of inhaled steroids even in mild asthma has been documented in several studies . It is not , however , clear whether the treatment should be started with a high or a low dose of the inhaled steroid . We have compared the effects of high and low dose inhaled steroid , budesonide , in patients with newly detected asthma . We studied 101 adult patients with newly detected bronchial asthma who were without inhaled steroid or any regular pharmacological treatment for their asthma . The patients were randomly allocated to two treatment groups : one to receive 800 microg inhaled budesonide per day and the other to receive 200 microg inhaled budesonide per day . The drugs were given with a Turbuhaler dry powder inhaler . During the 3-month treatment period , no significant differences between the treatment groups were noted in morning or evening PEF values , in spirometric parameters , in asthmatic symptoms or in the use of rescue beta2-agonists . The decrease in bronchial hyperresponsiveness was , however , more marked in the high dose budesonide group , reaching a borderline significance ( P=0.10 high vs. low dose budesonide ) . In addition , in serum markers of asthmatic inflammation significant differences were shown between the treatment groups . The decrease in the number of blood eosinophils during the treatment was more marked in the high dose budesonide group ( P=0.02 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . In serum ECP no change was observed in the low dose budesonide group , but a marked decrease in the high-dose budesonide group ( P=0.008 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . The change was even more marked with regard to serum EPX ( P=0.005 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . Our results support the view that the treatment of newly detected asthma should be started with a high dose of inhaled steroid . The low dose may not be enough to suppress asthmatic inflammation despite good clinical primary response . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: inhaled steroid , budesonide, asthma, inhaled steroids, high and low dose inhaled steroid, 101 adult patients, bronchial asthma, pharmacological treatment, 800 microg inhaled budesonide, 200 microg inhaled budesonide, Turbuhaler dry powder inhaler, morning or evening PEF values, decrease in bronchial hyperresponsiveness, more marked, serum markers of asthmatic inflammation, decrease in the number of blood eosinophils, serum ECP, regard to serum EPX Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size, Outcome_Other	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Comparison of high and low dose of the inhaled steroid , budesonide , as an initial treatment in newly detected asthma . The importance of early initiation of inhaled steroids even in mild asthma has been documented in several studies . It is not , however , clear whether the treatment should be started with a high or a low dose of the inhaled steroid . We have compared the effects of high and low dose inhaled steroid , budesonide , in patients with newly detected asthma . We studied 101 adult patients with newly detected bronchial asthma who were without inhaled steroid or any regular pharmacological treatment for their asthma . The patients were randomly allocated to two treatment groups : one to receive 800 microg inhaled budesonide per day and the other to receive 200 microg inhaled budesonide per day . The drugs were given with a Turbuhaler dry powder inhaler . During the 3-month treatment period , no significant differences between the treatment groups were noted in morning or evening PEF values , in spirometric parameters , in asthmatic symptoms or in the use of rescue beta2-agonists . The decrease in bronchial hyperresponsiveness was , however , more marked in the high dose budesonide group , reaching a borderline significance ( P=0.10 high vs. low dose budesonide ) . In addition , in serum markers of asthmatic inflammation significant differences were shown between the treatment groups . The decrease in the number of blood eosinophils during the treatment was more marked in the high dose budesonide group ( P=0.02 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . In serum ECP no change was observed in the low dose budesonide group , but a marked decrease in the high-dose budesonide group ( P=0.008 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . The change was even more marked with regard to serum EPX ( P=0.005 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . Our results support the view that the treatment of newly detected asthma should be started with a high dose of inhaled steroid . The low dose may not be enough to suppress asthmatic inflammation despite good clinical primary response .	[ "Comparison", "of", "high", "and", "low", "dose", "of", "the", "inhaled", "steroid", ",", "budesonide", ",", "as", "an", "initial", "treatment", "in", "newly", "detected", "asthma", ".", "The", "importance", "of", "early", "initiation", "of", "inhaled", "steroids", "even", "in", "mild", "asthma", "has", "been", "documented", "in", "several", "studies", ".", "It", "is", "not", ",", "however", ",", "clear", "whether", "the", "treatment", "should", "be", "started", "with", "a", "high", "or", "a", "low", "dose", "of", "the", "inhaled", "steroid", ".", "We", "have", "compared", "the", "effects", "of", "high", "and", "low", "dose", "inhaled", "steroid", ",", "budesonide", ",", "in", "patients", "with", "newly", "detected", "asthma", ".", "We", "studied", "101", "adult", "patients", "with", "newly", "detected", "bronchial", "asthma", "who", "were", "without", "inhaled", "steroid", "or", "any", "regular", "pharmacological", "treatment", "for", "their", "asthma", ".", "The", "patients", "were", "randomly", "allocated", "to", "two", "treatment", "groups", ":", "one", "to", "receive", "800", "microg", "inhaled", "budesonide", "per", "day", "and", "the", "other", "to", "receive", "200", "microg", "inhaled", "budesonide", "per", "day", ".", "The", "drugs", "were", "given", "with", "a", "Turbuhaler", "dry", "powder", "inhaler", ".", "During", "the", "3-month", "treatment", "period", ",", "no", "significant", "differences", "between", "the", "treatment", "groups", "were", "noted", "in", "morning", "or", "evening", "PEF", "values", ",", "in", "spirometric", "parameters", ",", "in", "asthmatic", "symptoms", "or", "in", "the", "use", "of", "rescue", "beta2-agonists", ".", "The", "decrease", "in", "bronchial", "hyperresponsiveness", "was", ",", "however", ",", "more", "marked", "in", "the", "high", "dose", "budesonide", "group", ",", "reaching", "a", "borderline", "significance", "(", "P=0.10", "high", "vs", ".", "low", "dose", "budesonide", ")", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "in", "serum", "markers", "of", "asthmatic", "inflammation", "significant", "differences", "were", "shown", "between", "the", "treatment", "groups", ".", "The", "decrease", "in", "the", "number", "of", "blood", "eosinophils", "during", "the", "treatment", "was", "more", "marked", "in", "the", "high", "dose", "budesonide", "group", "(", "P=0.02", ";", "high", "vs", ".", "low", "dose", "budesonide", ")", ".", "In", "serum", "ECP", "no", "change", "was", "observed", "in", "the", "low", "dose", "budesonide", "group", ",", "but", "a", "marked", "decrease", "in", "the", "high", "-", "dose", "budesonide", "group", "(", "P=0.008", ";", "high", "vs", ".", "low", "dose", "budesonide", ")", ".", "The", "change", "was", "even", "more", "marked", "with", "regard", "to", "serum", "EPX", "(", "P=0.005", ";", "high", "vs", ".", "low", "dose", "budesonide", ")", ".", "Our", "results", "support", "the", "view", "that", "the", "treatment", "of", "newly", "detected", "asthma", "should", "be", "started", "with", "a", "high", "dose", "of", "inhaled", "steroid", ".", "The", "low", "dose", "may", "not", "be", "enough", "to", "suppress", "asthmatic", "inflammation", "despite", "good", "clinical", "primary", "response", "." ]	[ "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Condition", "Participant_Sample-size", "Outcome_Other" ]
inhaled steroid , budesonide, asthma, inhaled steroids, high and low dose inhaled steroid, 101 adult patients, bronchial asthma, pharmacological treatment, 800 microg inhaled budesonide, 200 microg inhaled budesonide, Turbuhaler dry powder inhaler, morning or evening PEF values, decrease in bronchial hyperresponsiveness, more marked, serum markers of asthmatic inflammation, decrease in the number of blood eosinophils, serum ECP, regard to serum EPX	3944_task2	Sentence: Comparison of high and low dose of the inhaled steroid , budesonide , as an initial treatment in newly detected asthma . The importance of early initiation of inhaled steroids even in mild asthma has been documented in several studies . It is not , however , clear whether the treatment should be started with a high or a low dose of the inhaled steroid . We have compared the effects of high and low dose inhaled steroid , budesonide , in patients with newly detected asthma . We studied 101 adult patients with newly detected bronchial asthma who were without inhaled steroid or any regular pharmacological treatment for their asthma . The patients were randomly allocated to two treatment groups : one to receive 800 microg inhaled budesonide per day and the other to receive 200 microg inhaled budesonide per day . The drugs were given with a Turbuhaler dry powder inhaler . During the 3-month treatment period , no significant differences between the treatment groups were noted in morning or evening PEF values , in spirometric parameters , in asthmatic symptoms or in the use of rescue beta2-agonists . The decrease in bronchial hyperresponsiveness was , however , more marked in the high dose budesonide group , reaching a borderline significance ( P=0.10 high vs. low dose budesonide ) . In addition , in serum markers of asthmatic inflammation significant differences were shown between the treatment groups . The decrease in the number of blood eosinophils during the treatment was more marked in the high dose budesonide group ( P=0.02 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . In serum ECP no change was observed in the low dose budesonide group , but a marked decrease in the high-dose budesonide group ( P=0.008 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . The change was even more marked with regard to serum EPX ( P=0.005 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . Our results support the view that the treatment of newly detected asthma should be started with a high dose of inhaled steroid . The low dose may not be enough to suppress asthmatic inflammation despite good clinical primary response . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Comparison of high and low dose of the inhaled steroid , budesonide , as an initial treatment in newly detected asthma . The importance of early initiation of inhaled steroids even in mild asthma has been documented in several studies . It is not , however , clear whether the treatment should be started with a high or a low dose of the inhaled steroid . We have compared the effects of high and low dose inhaled steroid , budesonide , in patients with newly detected asthma . We studied 101 adult patients with newly detected bronchial asthma who were without inhaled steroid or any regular pharmacological treatment for their asthma . The patients were randomly allocated to two treatment groups : one to receive 800 microg inhaled budesonide per day and the other to receive 200 microg inhaled budesonide per day . The drugs were given with a Turbuhaler dry powder inhaler . During the 3-month treatment period , no significant differences between the treatment groups were noted in morning or evening PEF values , in spirometric parameters , in asthmatic symptoms or in the use of rescue beta2-agonists . The decrease in bronchial hyperresponsiveness was , however , more marked in the high dose budesonide group , reaching a borderline significance ( P=0.10 high vs. low dose budesonide ) . In addition , in serum markers of asthmatic inflammation significant differences were shown between the treatment groups . The decrease in the number of blood eosinophils during the treatment was more marked in the high dose budesonide group ( P=0.02 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . In serum ECP no change was observed in the low dose budesonide group , but a marked decrease in the high-dose budesonide group ( P=0.008 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . The change was even more marked with regard to serum EPX ( P=0.005 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . Our results support the view that the treatment of newly detected asthma should be started with a high dose of inhaled steroid . The low dose may not be enough to suppress asthmatic inflammation despite good clinical primary response .	[ "Comparison", "of", "high", "and", "low", "dose", "of", "the", "inhaled", "steroid", ",", "budesonide", ",", "as", "an", "initial", "treatment", "in", "newly", "detected", "asthma", ".", "The", "importance", "of", "early", "initiation", "of", "inhaled", "steroids", "even", "in", "mild", "asthma", "has", "been", "documented", "in", "several", "studies", ".", "It", "is", "not", ",", "however", ",", "clear", "whether", "the", "treatment", "should", "be", "started", "with", "a", "high", "or", "a", "low", "dose", "of", "the", "inhaled", "steroid", ".", "We", "have", "compared", "the", "effects", "of", "high", "and", "low", "dose", "inhaled", "steroid", ",", "budesonide", ",", "in", "patients", "with", "newly", "detected", "asthma", ".", "We", "studied", "101", "adult", "patients", "with", "newly", "detected", "bronchial", "asthma", "who", "were", "without", "inhaled", "steroid", "or", "any", "regular", "pharmacological", "treatment", "for", "their", "asthma", ".", "The", "patients", "were", "randomly", "allocated", "to", "two", "treatment", "groups", ":", "one", "to", "receive", "800", "microg", "inhaled", "budesonide", "per", "day", "and", "the", "other", "to", "receive", "200", "microg", "inhaled", "budesonide", "per", "day", ".", "The", "drugs", "were", "given", "with", "a", "Turbuhaler", "dry", "powder", "inhaler", ".", "During", "the", "3-month", "treatment", "period", ",", "no", "significant", "differences", "between", "the", "treatment", "groups", "were", "noted", "in", "morning", "or", "evening", "PEF", "values", ",", "in", "spirometric", "parameters", ",", "in", "asthmatic", "symptoms", "or", "in", "the", "use", "of", "rescue", "beta2-agonists", ".", "The", "decrease", "in", "bronchial", "hyperresponsiveness", "was", ",", "however", ",", "more", "marked", "in", "the", "high", "dose", "budesonide", "group", ",", "reaching", "a", "borderline", "significance", "(", "P=0.10", "high", "vs", ".", "low", "dose", "budesonide", ")", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "in", "serum", "markers", "of", "asthmatic", "inflammation", "significant", "differences", "were", "shown", "between", "the", "treatment", "groups", ".", "The", "decrease", "in", "the", "number", "of", "blood", "eosinophils", "during", "the", "treatment", "was", "more", "marked", "in", "the", "high", "dose", "budesonide", "group", "(", "P=0.02", ";", "high", "vs", ".", "low", "dose", "budesonide", ")", ".", "In", "serum", "ECP", "no", "change", "was", "observed", "in", "the", "low", "dose", "budesonide", "group", ",", "but", "a", "marked", "decrease", "in", "the", "high", "-", "dose", "budesonide", "group", "(", "P=0.008", ";", "high", "vs", ".", "low", "dose", "budesonide", ")", ".", "The", "change", "was", "even", "more", "marked", "with", "regard", "to", "serum", "EPX", "(", "P=0.005", ";", "high", "vs", ".", "low", "dose", "budesonide", ")", ".", "Our", "results", "support", "the", "view", "that", "the", "treatment", "of", "newly", "detected", "asthma", "should", "be", "started", "with", "a", "high", "dose", "of", "inhaled", "steroid", ".", "The", "low", "dose", "may", "not", "be", "enough", "to", "suppress", "asthmatic", "inflammation", "despite", "good", "clinical", "primary", "response", "." ]	[ "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Condition", "Participant_Sample-size", "Outcome_Other" ]
colorectal cancer is a DISEASE, colorectal is a DISEASE, CRC is a DISEASE, CRC is a DISEASE, CRC is a DISEASE, CRC is a DISEASE, CRC is a DISEASE	example-367_task0	Sentence: Disparities in the use of chemotherapy and monoclonal antibody therapy for elderly advanced colorectal cancer patients in the community oncology setting. BACKGROUND: The clinical trials on which the treatment of advanced colorectal (CRC) is based enroll few elderly patients. Furthermore, few investigations have determined the use and outcomes of the treatment of advanced CRC in practice. This study evaluated the treatment of advanced CRC in community oncology practices, focusing on age-related differences in treatment and outcome. METHODS: A national, retrospective chart review was conducted to evaluate the management of advanced CRC in 10 community practices across the U.S. All medical records of patients diagnosed with advanced CRC initiating chemotherapy treatment after January 1, 2003 through 2006 were included. The primary aim was to compare the proportion receiving doublet chemotherapy (irinotecan or oxaliplatin with a fluoropyrimidine) as initial therapy in young (age <or=65 years) and elderly (age >65 years) patients. Additional aims included age-based comparisons of the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy, overall chemotherapy use, all-cause mortality, and toxicity-related events. RESULTS: Overall, 520 patients (56% elderly) received 6,253 cycles of chemotherapy. Of the younger patients, 84% received doublet chemotherapy first-line, compared with 58% of elderly patients (p < .001). The use of each of the medications--irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab--was lower in elderly patients (p < .001). Independent predictors of a higher risk for mortality were age >65 (adjusted hazards ratio [HR],1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.39) and performance status score >or=2 (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.41-1.91). CONCLUSION: Elderly patients are less likely to receive first-line doublet chemotherapy than younger patients. Age and performance status are independent predictors of treatment and overall survival. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: DISEASE	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "I-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Disparities in the use of chemotherapy and monoclonal antibody therapy for elderly advanced colorectal cancer patients in the community oncology setting. BACKGROUND: The clinical trials on which the treatment of advanced colorectal (CRC) is based enroll few elderly patients. Furthermore, few investigations have determined the use and outcomes of the treatment of advanced CRC in practice. This study evaluated the treatment of advanced CRC in community oncology practices, focusing on age-related differences in treatment and outcome. METHODS: A national, retrospective chart review was conducted to evaluate the management of advanced CRC in 10 community practices across the U.S. All medical records of patients diagnosed with advanced CRC initiating chemotherapy treatment after January 1, 2003 through 2006 were included. The primary aim was to compare the proportion receiving doublet chemotherapy (irinotecan or oxaliplatin with a fluoropyrimidine) as initial therapy in young (age <or=65 years) and elderly (age >65 years) patients. Additional aims included age-based comparisons of the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy, overall chemotherapy use, all-cause mortality, and toxicity-related events. RESULTS: Overall, 520 patients (56% elderly) received 6,253 cycles of chemotherapy. Of the younger patients, 84% received doublet chemotherapy first-line, compared with 58% of elderly patients (p < .001). The use of each of the medications--irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab--was lower in elderly patients (p < .001). Independent predictors of a higher risk for mortality were age >65 (adjusted hazards ratio [HR],1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.39) and performance status score >or=2 (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.41-1.91). CONCLUSION: Elderly patients are less likely to receive first-line doublet chemotherapy than younger patients. Age and performance status are independent predictors of treatment and overall survival.	[ "Disparities", "in", "the", "use", "of", "chemotherapy", "and", "monoclonal", "antibody", "therapy", "for", "elderly", "advanced", "colorectal", "cancer", "patients", "in", "the", "community", "oncology", "setting", ".", " ", "BACKGROUND", ":", "The", "clinical", "trials", "on", "which", "the", "treatment", "of", "advanced", "colorectal", "(", "CRC", ")", "is", "based", "enroll", "few", "elderly", "patients", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "few", "investigations", "have", "determined", "the", "use", "and", "outcomes", "of", "the", "treatment", "of", "advanced", "CRC", "in", "practice", ".", "This", "study", "evaluated", "the", "treatment", "of", "advanced", "CRC", "in", "community", "oncology", "practices", ",", "focusing", "on", "age", "-", "related", "differences", "in", "treatment", "and", "outcome", ".", "METHODS", ":", "A", "national", ",", "retrospective", "chart", "review", "was", "conducted", "to", "evaluate", "the", "management", "of", "advanced", "CRC", "in", "10", "community", "practices", "across", "the", "U.S.", "All", "medical", "records", "of", "patients", "diagnosed", "with", "advanced", "CRC", "initiating", "chemotherapy", "treatment", "after", "January", "1", ",", "2003", "through", "2006", "were", "included", ".", "The", "primary", "aim", "was", "to", "compare", "the", "proportion", "receiving", "doublet", "chemotherapy", "(", "irinotecan", "or", "oxaliplatin", "with", "a", "fluoropyrimidine", ")", "as", "initial", "therapy", "in", "young", "(", "age", "<", "or=65", "years", ")", "and", "elderly", "(", "age", ">", "65", "years", ")", "patients", ".", "Additional", "aims", "included", "age", "-", "based", "comparisons", "of", "the", "addition", "of", "bevacizumab", "to", "chemotherapy", ",", "overall", "chemotherapy", "use", ",", "all", "-", "cause", "mortality", ",", "and", "toxicity", "-", "related", "events", ".", "RESULTS", ":", "Overall", ",", "520", "patients", "(", "56", "%", "elderly", ")", "received", "6,253", "cycles", "of", "chemotherapy", ".", "Of", "the", "younger", "patients", ",", "84", "%", "received", "doublet", "chemotherapy", "first", "-", "line", ",", "compared", "with", "58", "%", "of", "elderly", "patients", "(", "p", "<", ".001", ")", ".", "The", "use", "of", "each", "of", "the", "medications", "--", "irinotecan", ",", "oxaliplatin", ",", "and", "bevacizumab", "--", "was", "lower", "in", "elderly", "patients", "(", "p", "<", ".001", ")", ".", "Independent", "predictors", "of", "a", "higher", "risk", "for", "mortality", "were", "age", ">", "65", "(", "adjusted", "hazards", "ratio", "[", "HR],1.19", ";", "95", "%", "confidence", "interval", "[", "CI", "]", ",", "1.02", "-", "1.39", ")", "and", "performance", "status", "score", ">", "or=2", "(", "HR", ",", "1.65", ";", "95", "%", "CI", ",", "1.41", "-", "1.91", ")", ".", "CONCLUSION", ":", "Elderly", "patients", "are", "less", "likely", "to", "receive", "first", "-", "line", "doublet", "chemotherapy", "than", "younger", "patients", ".", "Age", "and", "performance", "status", "are", "independent", "predictors", "of", "treatment", "and", "overall", "survival", "." ]	[ "DISEASE" ]
colorectal cancer is a DISEASE, colorectal is a DISEASE, CRC is a DISEASE, CRC is a DISEASE, CRC is a DISEASE, CRC is a DISEASE, CRC is a DISEASE	example-367_task1	Sentence: Disparities in the use of chemotherapy and monoclonal antibody therapy for elderly advanced colorectal cancer patients in the community oncology setting. BACKGROUND: The clinical trials on which the treatment of advanced colorectal (CRC) is based enroll few elderly patients. Furthermore, few investigations have determined the use and outcomes of the treatment of advanced CRC in practice. This study evaluated the treatment of advanced CRC in community oncology practices, focusing on age-related differences in treatment and outcome. METHODS: A national, retrospective chart review was conducted to evaluate the management of advanced CRC in 10 community practices across the U.S. All medical records of patients diagnosed with advanced CRC initiating chemotherapy treatment after January 1, 2003 through 2006 were included. The primary aim was to compare the proportion receiving doublet chemotherapy (irinotecan or oxaliplatin with a fluoropyrimidine) as initial therapy in young (age <or=65 years) and elderly (age >65 years) patients. Additional aims included age-based comparisons of the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy, overall chemotherapy use, all-cause mortality, and toxicity-related events. RESULTS: Overall, 520 patients (56% elderly) received 6,253 cycles of chemotherapy. Of the younger patients, 84% received doublet chemotherapy first-line, compared with 58% of elderly patients (p < .001). The use of each of the medications--irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab--was lower in elderly patients (p < .001). Independent predictors of a higher risk for mortality were age >65 (adjusted hazards ratio [HR],1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.39) and performance status score >or=2 (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.41-1.91). CONCLUSION: Elderly patients are less likely to receive first-line doublet chemotherapy than younger patients. Age and performance status are independent predictors of treatment and overall survival. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: colorectal cancer, colorectal, CRC, CRC, CRC, CRC, CRC Options: DISEASE	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "I-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Disparities in the use of chemotherapy and monoclonal antibody therapy for elderly advanced colorectal cancer patients in the community oncology setting. BACKGROUND: The clinical trials on which the treatment of advanced colorectal (CRC) is based enroll few elderly patients. Furthermore, few investigations have determined the use and outcomes of the treatment of advanced CRC in practice. This study evaluated the treatment of advanced CRC in community oncology practices, focusing on age-related differences in treatment and outcome. METHODS: A national, retrospective chart review was conducted to evaluate the management of advanced CRC in 10 community practices across the U.S. All medical records of patients diagnosed with advanced CRC initiating chemotherapy treatment after January 1, 2003 through 2006 were included. The primary aim was to compare the proportion receiving doublet chemotherapy (irinotecan or oxaliplatin with a fluoropyrimidine) as initial therapy in young (age <or=65 years) and elderly (age >65 years) patients. Additional aims included age-based comparisons of the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy, overall chemotherapy use, all-cause mortality, and toxicity-related events. RESULTS: Overall, 520 patients (56% elderly) received 6,253 cycles of chemotherapy. Of the younger patients, 84% received doublet chemotherapy first-line, compared with 58% of elderly patients (p < .001). The use of each of the medications--irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab--was lower in elderly patients (p < .001). Independent predictors of a higher risk for mortality were age >65 (adjusted hazards ratio [HR],1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.39) and performance status score >or=2 (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.41-1.91). CONCLUSION: Elderly patients are less likely to receive first-line doublet chemotherapy than younger patients. Age and performance status are independent predictors of treatment and overall survival.	[ "Disparities", "in", "the", "use", "of", "chemotherapy", "and", "monoclonal", "antibody", "therapy", "for", "elderly", "advanced", "colorectal", "cancer", "patients", "in", "the", "community", "oncology", "setting", ".", " ", "BACKGROUND", ":", "The", "clinical", "trials", "on", "which", "the", "treatment", "of", "advanced", "colorectal", "(", "CRC", ")", "is", "based", "enroll", "few", "elderly", "patients", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "few", "investigations", "have", "determined", "the", "use", "and", "outcomes", "of", "the", "treatment", "of", "advanced", "CRC", "in", "practice", ".", "This", "study", "evaluated", "the", "treatment", "of", "advanced", "CRC", "in", "community", "oncology", "practices", ",", "focusing", "on", "age", "-", "related", "differences", "in", "treatment", "and", "outcome", ".", "METHODS", ":", "A", "national", ",", "retrospective", "chart", "review", "was", "conducted", "to", "evaluate", "the", "management", "of", "advanced", "CRC", "in", "10", "community", "practices", "across", "the", "U.S.", "All", "medical", "records", "of", "patients", "diagnosed", "with", "advanced", "CRC", "initiating", "chemotherapy", "treatment", "after", "January", "1", ",", "2003", "through", "2006", "were", "included", ".", "The", "primary", "aim", "was", "to", "compare", "the", "proportion", "receiving", "doublet", "chemotherapy", "(", "irinotecan", "or", "oxaliplatin", "with", "a", "fluoropyrimidine", ")", "as", "initial", "therapy", "in", "young", "(", "age", "<", "or=65", "years", ")", "and", "elderly", "(", "age", ">", "65", "years", ")", "patients", ".", "Additional", "aims", "included", "age", "-", "based", "comparisons", "of", "the", "addition", "of", "bevacizumab", "to", "chemotherapy", ",", "overall", "chemotherapy", "use", ",", "all", "-", "cause", "mortality", ",", "and", "toxicity", "-", "related", "events", ".", "RESULTS", ":", "Overall", ",", "520", "patients", "(", "56", "%", "elderly", ")", "received", "6,253", "cycles", "of", "chemotherapy", ".", "Of", "the", "younger", "patients", ",", "84", "%", "received", "doublet", "chemotherapy", "first", "-", "line", ",", "compared", "with", "58", "%", "of", "elderly", "patients", "(", "p", "<", ".001", ")", ".", "The", "use", "of", "each", "of", "the", "medications", "--", "irinotecan", ",", "oxaliplatin", ",", "and", "bevacizumab", "--", "was", "lower", "in", "elderly", "patients", "(", "p", "<", ".001", ")", ".", "Independent", "predictors", "of", "a", "higher", "risk", "for", "mortality", "were", "age", ">", "65", "(", "adjusted", "hazards", "ratio", "[", "HR],1.19", ";", "95", "%", "confidence", "interval", "[", "CI", "]", ",", "1.02", "-", "1.39", ")", "and", "performance", "status", "score", ">", "or=2", "(", "HR", ",", "1.65", ";", "95", "%", "CI", ",", "1.41", "-", "1.91", ")", ".", "CONCLUSION", ":", "Elderly", "patients", "are", "less", "likely", "to", "receive", "first", "-", "line", "doublet", "chemotherapy", "than", "younger", "patients", ".", "Age", "and", "performance", "status", "are", "independent", "predictors", "of", "treatment", "and", "overall", "survival", "." ]	[ "DISEASE" ]
colorectal cancer, colorectal, CRC, CRC, CRC, CRC, CRC	example-367_task2	Sentence: Disparities in the use of chemotherapy and monoclonal antibody therapy for elderly advanced colorectal cancer patients in the community oncology setting. BACKGROUND: The clinical trials on which the treatment of advanced colorectal (CRC) is based enroll few elderly patients. Furthermore, few investigations have determined the use and outcomes of the treatment of advanced CRC in practice. This study evaluated the treatment of advanced CRC in community oncology practices, focusing on age-related differences in treatment and outcome. METHODS: A national, retrospective chart review was conducted to evaluate the management of advanced CRC in 10 community practices across the U.S. All medical records of patients diagnosed with advanced CRC initiating chemotherapy treatment after January 1, 2003 through 2006 were included. The primary aim was to compare the proportion receiving doublet chemotherapy (irinotecan or oxaliplatin with a fluoropyrimidine) as initial therapy in young (age <or=65 years) and elderly (age >65 years) patients. Additional aims included age-based comparisons of the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy, overall chemotherapy use, all-cause mortality, and toxicity-related events. RESULTS: Overall, 520 patients (56% elderly) received 6,253 cycles of chemotherapy. Of the younger patients, 84% received doublet chemotherapy first-line, compared with 58% of elderly patients (p < .001). The use of each of the medications--irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab--was lower in elderly patients (p < .001). Independent predictors of a higher risk for mortality were age >65 (adjusted hazards ratio [HR],1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.39) and performance status score >or=2 (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.41-1.91). CONCLUSION: Elderly patients are less likely to receive first-line doublet chemotherapy than younger patients. Age and performance status are independent predictors of treatment and overall survival. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "I-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Disparities in the use of chemotherapy and monoclonal antibody therapy for elderly advanced colorectal cancer patients in the community oncology setting. BACKGROUND: The clinical trials on which the treatment of advanced colorectal (CRC) is based enroll few elderly patients. Furthermore, few investigations have determined the use and outcomes of the treatment of advanced CRC in practice. This study evaluated the treatment of advanced CRC in community oncology practices, focusing on age-related differences in treatment and outcome. METHODS: A national, retrospective chart review was conducted to evaluate the management of advanced CRC in 10 community practices across the U.S. All medical records of patients diagnosed with advanced CRC initiating chemotherapy treatment after January 1, 2003 through 2006 were included. The primary aim was to compare the proportion receiving doublet chemotherapy (irinotecan or oxaliplatin with a fluoropyrimidine) as initial therapy in young (age <or=65 years) and elderly (age >65 years) patients. Additional aims included age-based comparisons of the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy, overall chemotherapy use, all-cause mortality, and toxicity-related events. RESULTS: Overall, 520 patients (56% elderly) received 6,253 cycles of chemotherapy. Of the younger patients, 84% received doublet chemotherapy first-line, compared with 58% of elderly patients (p < .001). The use of each of the medications--irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab--was lower in elderly patients (p < .001). Independent predictors of a higher risk for mortality were age >65 (adjusted hazards ratio [HR],1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.39) and performance status score >or=2 (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.41-1.91). CONCLUSION: Elderly patients are less likely to receive first-line doublet chemotherapy than younger patients. Age and performance status are independent predictors of treatment and overall survival.	[ "Disparities", "in", "the", "use", "of", "chemotherapy", "and", "monoclonal", "antibody", "therapy", "for", "elderly", "advanced", "colorectal", "cancer", "patients", "in", "the", "community", "oncology", "setting", ".", " ", "BACKGROUND", ":", "The", "clinical", "trials", "on", "which", "the", "treatment", "of", "advanced", "colorectal", "(", "CRC", ")", "is", "based", "enroll", "few", "elderly", "patients", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "few", "investigations", "have", "determined", "the", "use", "and", "outcomes", "of", "the", "treatment", "of", "advanced", "CRC", "in", "practice", ".", "This", "study", "evaluated", "the", "treatment", "of", "advanced", "CRC", "in", "community", "oncology", "practices", ",", "focusing", "on", "age", "-", "related", "differences", "in", "treatment", "and", "outcome", ".", "METHODS", ":", "A", "national", ",", "retrospective", "chart", "review", "was", "conducted", "to", "evaluate", "the", "management", "of", "advanced", "CRC", "in", "10", "community", "practices", "across", "the", "U.S.", "All", "medical", "records", "of", "patients", "diagnosed", "with", "advanced", "CRC", "initiating", "chemotherapy", "treatment", "after", "January", "1", ",", "2003", "through", "2006", "were", "included", ".", "The", "primary", "aim", "was", "to", "compare", "the", "proportion", "receiving", "doublet", "chemotherapy", "(", "irinotecan", "or", "oxaliplatin", "with", "a", "fluoropyrimidine", ")", "as", "initial", "therapy", "in", "young", "(", "age", "<", "or=65", "years", ")", "and", "elderly", "(", "age", ">", "65", "years", ")", "patients", ".", "Additional", "aims", "included", "age", "-", "based", "comparisons", "of", "the", "addition", "of", "bevacizumab", "to", "chemotherapy", ",", "overall", "chemotherapy", "use", ",", "all", "-", "cause", "mortality", ",", "and", "toxicity", "-", "related", "events", ".", "RESULTS", ":", "Overall", ",", "520", "patients", "(", "56", "%", "elderly", ")", "received", "6,253", "cycles", "of", "chemotherapy", ".", "Of", "the", "younger", "patients", ",", "84", "%", "received", "doublet", "chemotherapy", "first", "-", "line", ",", "compared", "with", "58", "%", "of", "elderly", "patients", "(", "p", "<", ".001", ")", ".", "The", "use", "of", "each", "of", "the", "medications", "--", "irinotecan", ",", "oxaliplatin", ",", "and", "bevacizumab", "--", "was", "lower", "in", "elderly", "patients", "(", "p", "<", ".001", ")", ".", "Independent", "predictors", "of", "a", "higher", "risk", "for", "mortality", "were", "age", ">", "65", "(", "adjusted", "hazards", "ratio", "[", "HR],1.19", ";", "95", "%", "confidence", "interval", "[", "CI", "]", ",", "1.02", "-", "1.39", ")", "and", "performance", "status", "score", ">", "or=2", "(", "HR", ",", "1.65", ";", "95", "%", "CI", ",", "1.41", "-", "1.91", ")", ".", "CONCLUSION", ":", "Elderly", "patients", "are", "less", "likely", "to", "receive", "first", "-", "line", "doublet", "chemotherapy", "than", "younger", "patients", ".", "Age", "and", "performance", "status", "are", "independent", "predictors", "of", "treatment", "and", "overall", "survival", "." ]	[ "DISEASE" ]
CTLA4 is a gene	96_task0	Sentence: Evidence for CTLA4 as a susceptibility gene for systemic lupus erythematosus. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: gene	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Evidence for CTLA4 as a susceptibility gene for systemic lupus erythematosus.	[ "Evidence", "for", " ", "CTLA4", " ", "as", "a", "susceptibility", "gene", "for", "systemic", "lupus", "erythematosus", "." ]	[ "variant", "gene" ]
CTLA4 is a gene	96_task1	Sentence: Evidence for CTLA4 as a susceptibility gene for systemic lupus erythematosus. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: CTLA4 Options: gene	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Evidence for CTLA4 as a susceptibility gene for systemic lupus erythematosus.	[ "Evidence", "for", " ", "CTLA4", " ", "as", "a", "susceptibility", "gene", "for", "systemic", "lupus", "erythematosus", "." ]	[ "variant", "gene" ]
CTLA4	96_task2	Sentence: Evidence for CTLA4 as a susceptibility gene for systemic lupus erythematosus. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Evidence for CTLA4 as a susceptibility gene for systemic lupus erythematosus.	[ "Evidence", "for", " ", "CTLA4", " ", "as", "a", "susceptibility", "gene", "for", "systemic", "lupus", "erythematosus", "." ]	[ "variant", "gene" ]
natriuretic peptide is a Intervention_Pharmacological, oxidative stress is a Outcome_Physical, chronic heart failure is a Participant_Condition, chronic heart failure ( CHF ) is a Participant_Condition, 52 male is a Intervention_Educational, patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis ( PICS ) who have developed CHF have been observed is a Intervention_Physical, 38 till 60 is a Participant_Age, clinical condition is a Outcome_Physical, NO metabolites is a Outcome_Physical, NADPH -- diaphorase ( eNOS ) is a Outcome_Physical, nitrite reductase ( iNOS ) is a Outcome_Physical, peroxinitrite ( ONOO ) is a Outcome_Physical, brain natriuretic peptide in blood plazma is a Outcome_Physical, level of NT - pro BNP is a Outcome_Physical	46516_task0	Sentence: [ Assessment of natriuretic peptide indices and oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure ] . The authors have studied indices of natriuretic peptide and oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure ( CHF ) . 52 male patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis ( PICS ) who have developed CHF have been observed . The age of the patients varied from 38 till 60 . It was established that CHF patients with progression of the disease had worsening of their clinical condition together with an increase of oxidative stress which was characterized through decrease of NO metabolites , NADPH -- diaphorase ( eNOS ) , increase of nitrite reductase ( iNOS ) and peroxinitrite ( ONOO ) , correlative increase the level of brain natriuretic peptide in blood plazma . Reliable connection between considerable increase of oxidative stress and the level of NT-pro BNP was noted in CHF patients , which demands necessity of correction of observed disorders . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Intervention_Physical, Participant_Condition, Intervention_Educational, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Age	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	[ Assessment of natriuretic peptide indices and oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure ] . The authors have studied indices of natriuretic peptide and oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure ( CHF ) . 52 male patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis ( PICS ) who have developed CHF have been observed . The age of the patients varied from 38 till 60 . It was established that CHF patients with progression of the disease had worsening of their clinical condition together with an increase of oxidative stress which was characterized through decrease of NO metabolites , NADPH -- diaphorase ( eNOS ) , increase of nitrite reductase ( iNOS ) and peroxinitrite ( ONOO ) , correlative increase the level of brain natriuretic peptide in blood plazma . Reliable connection between considerable increase of oxidative stress and the level of NT-pro BNP was noted in CHF patients , which demands necessity of correction of observed disorders .	[ "[", "Assessment", "of", "natriuretic", "peptide", "indices", "and", "oxidative", "stress", "in", "patients", "with", "chronic", "heart", "failure", "]", ".", "The", "authors", "have", "studied", "indices", "of", "natriuretic", "peptide", "and", "oxidative", "stress", "in", "patients", "with", "chronic", "heart", "failure", "(", "CHF", ")", ".", "52", "male", "patients", "with", "postinfarction", "cardiosclerosis", "(", "PICS", ")", "who", "have", "developed", "CHF", "have", "been", "observed", ".", "The", "age", "of", "the", "patients", "varied", "from", "38", "till", "60", ".", "It", "was", "established", "that", "CHF", "patients", "with", "progression", "of", "the", "disease", "had", "worsening", "of", "their", "clinical", "condition", "together", "with", "an", "increase", "of", "oxidative", "stress", "which", "was", "characterized", "through", "decrease", "of", "NO", "metabolites", ",", "NADPH", "--", "diaphorase", "(", "eNOS", ")", ",", "increase", "of", "nitrite", "reductase", "(", "iNOS", ")", "and", "peroxinitrite", "(", "ONOO", ")", ",", "correlative", "increase", "the", "level", "of", "brain", "natriuretic", "peptide", "in", "blood", "plazma", ".", "Reliable", "connection", "between", "considerable", "increase", "of", "oxidative", "stress", "and", "the", "level", "of", "NT", "-", "pro", "BNP", "was", "noted", "in", "CHF", "patients", ",", "which", "demands", "necessity", "of", "correction", "of", "observed", "disorders", "." ]	[ "Intervention_Physical", "Outcome_Physical", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Age", "Intervention_Educational", "Participant_Sex", "Participant_Sample-size" ]
natriuretic peptide is a Intervention_Pharmacological, oxidative stress is a Outcome_Physical, chronic heart failure is a Participant_Condition, chronic heart failure ( CHF ) is a Participant_Condition, 52 male is a Intervention_Educational, patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis ( PICS ) who have developed CHF have been observed is a Intervention_Physical, 38 till 60 is a Participant_Age, clinical condition is a Outcome_Physical, NO metabolites is a Outcome_Physical, NADPH -- diaphorase ( eNOS ) is a Outcome_Physical, nitrite reductase ( iNOS ) is a Outcome_Physical, peroxinitrite ( ONOO ) is a Outcome_Physical, brain natriuretic peptide in blood plazma is a Outcome_Physical, level of NT - pro BNP is a Outcome_Physical	46516_task1	Sentence: [ Assessment of natriuretic peptide indices and oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure ] . The authors have studied indices of natriuretic peptide and oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure ( CHF ) . 52 male patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis ( PICS ) who have developed CHF have been observed . The age of the patients varied from 38 till 60 . It was established that CHF patients with progression of the disease had worsening of their clinical condition together with an increase of oxidative stress which was characterized through decrease of NO metabolites , NADPH -- diaphorase ( eNOS ) , increase of nitrite reductase ( iNOS ) and peroxinitrite ( ONOO ) , correlative increase the level of brain natriuretic peptide in blood plazma . Reliable connection between considerable increase of oxidative stress and the level of NT-pro BNP was noted in CHF patients , which demands necessity of correction of observed disorders . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: natriuretic peptide, oxidative stress, chronic heart failure, chronic heart failure ( CHF ), 52 male, patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis ( PICS ) who have developed CHF have been observed, 38 till 60, clinical condition, NO metabolites, NADPH -- diaphorase ( eNOS ), nitrite reductase ( iNOS ), peroxinitrite ( ONOO ), brain natriuretic peptide in blood plazma, level of NT - pro BNP Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Intervention_Physical, Participant_Condition, Intervention_Educational, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Age	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	[ Assessment of natriuretic peptide indices and oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure ] . The authors have studied indices of natriuretic peptide and oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure ( CHF ) . 52 male patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis ( PICS ) who have developed CHF have been observed . The age of the patients varied from 38 till 60 . It was established that CHF patients with progression of the disease had worsening of their clinical condition together with an increase of oxidative stress which was characterized through decrease of NO metabolites , NADPH -- diaphorase ( eNOS ) , increase of nitrite reductase ( iNOS ) and peroxinitrite ( ONOO ) , correlative increase the level of brain natriuretic peptide in blood plazma . Reliable connection between considerable increase of oxidative stress and the level of NT-pro BNP was noted in CHF patients , which demands necessity of correction of observed disorders .	[ "[", "Assessment", "of", "natriuretic", "peptide", "indices", "and", "oxidative", "stress", "in", "patients", "with", "chronic", "heart", "failure", "]", ".", "The", "authors", "have", "studied", "indices", "of", "natriuretic", "peptide", "and", "oxidative", "stress", "in", "patients", "with", "chronic", "heart", "failure", "(", "CHF", ")", ".", "52", "male", "patients", "with", "postinfarction", "cardiosclerosis", "(", "PICS", ")", "who", "have", "developed", "CHF", "have", "been", "observed", ".", "The", "age", "of", "the", "patients", "varied", "from", "38", "till", "60", ".", "It", "was", "established", "that", "CHF", "patients", "with", "progression", "of", "the", "disease", "had", "worsening", "of", "their", "clinical", "condition", "together", "with", "an", "increase", "of", "oxidative", "stress", "which", "was", "characterized", "through", "decrease", "of", "NO", "metabolites", ",", "NADPH", "--", "diaphorase", "(", "eNOS", ")", ",", "increase", "of", "nitrite", "reductase", "(", "iNOS", ")", "and", "peroxinitrite", "(", "ONOO", ")", ",", "correlative", "increase", "the", "level", "of", "brain", "natriuretic", "peptide", "in", "blood", "plazma", ".", "Reliable", "connection", "between", "considerable", "increase", "of", "oxidative", "stress", "and", "the", "level", "of", "NT", "-", "pro", "BNP", "was", "noted", "in", "CHF", "patients", ",", "which", "demands", "necessity", "of", "correction", "of", "observed", "disorders", "." ]	[ "Intervention_Physical", "Outcome_Physical", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Age", "Intervention_Educational", "Participant_Sex", "Participant_Sample-size" ]
natriuretic peptide, oxidative stress, chronic heart failure, chronic heart failure ( CHF ), 52 male, patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis ( PICS ) who have developed CHF have been observed, 38 till 60, clinical condition, NO metabolites, NADPH -- diaphorase ( eNOS ), nitrite reductase ( iNOS ), peroxinitrite ( ONOO ), brain natriuretic peptide in blood plazma, level of NT - pro BNP	46516_task2	Sentence: [ Assessment of natriuretic peptide indices and oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure ] . The authors have studied indices of natriuretic peptide and oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure ( CHF ) . 52 male patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis ( PICS ) who have developed CHF have been observed . The age of the patients varied from 38 till 60 . It was established that CHF patients with progression of the disease had worsening of their clinical condition together with an increase of oxidative stress which was characterized through decrease of NO metabolites , NADPH -- diaphorase ( eNOS ) , increase of nitrite reductase ( iNOS ) and peroxinitrite ( ONOO ) , correlative increase the level of brain natriuretic peptide in blood plazma . Reliable connection between considerable increase of oxidative stress and the level of NT-pro BNP was noted in CHF patients , which demands necessity of correction of observed disorders . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	[ Assessment of natriuretic peptide indices and oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure ] . The authors have studied indices of natriuretic peptide and oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure ( CHF ) . 52 male patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis ( PICS ) who have developed CHF have been observed . The age of the patients varied from 38 till 60 . It was established that CHF patients with progression of the disease had worsening of their clinical condition together with an increase of oxidative stress which was characterized through decrease of NO metabolites , NADPH -- diaphorase ( eNOS ) , increase of nitrite reductase ( iNOS ) and peroxinitrite ( ONOO ) , correlative increase the level of brain natriuretic peptide in blood plazma . Reliable connection between considerable increase of oxidative stress and the level of NT-pro BNP was noted in CHF patients , which demands necessity of correction of observed disorders .	[ "[", "Assessment", "of", "natriuretic", "peptide", "indices", "and", "oxidative", "stress", "in", "patients", "with", "chronic", "heart", "failure", "]", ".", "The", "authors", "have", "studied", "indices", "of", "natriuretic", "peptide", "and", "oxidative", "stress", "in", "patients", "with", "chronic", "heart", "failure", "(", "CHF", ")", ".", "52", "male", "patients", "with", "postinfarction", "cardiosclerosis", "(", "PICS", ")", "who", "have", "developed", "CHF", "have", "been", "observed", ".", "The", "age", "of", "the", "patients", "varied", "from", "38", "till", "60", ".", "It", "was", "established", "that", "CHF", "patients", "with", "progression", "of", "the", "disease", "had", "worsening", "of", "their", "clinical", "condition", "together", "with", "an", "increase", "of", "oxidative", "stress", "which", "was", "characterized", "through", "decrease", "of", "NO", "metabolites", ",", "NADPH", "--", "diaphorase", "(", "eNOS", ")", ",", "increase", "of", "nitrite", "reductase", "(", "iNOS", ")", "and", "peroxinitrite", "(", "ONOO", ")", ",", "correlative", "increase", "the", "level", "of", "brain", "natriuretic", "peptide", "in", "blood", "plazma", ".", "Reliable", "connection", "between", "considerable", "increase", "of", "oxidative", "stress", "and", "the", "level", "of", "NT", "-", "pro", "BNP", "was", "noted", "in", "CHF", "patients", ",", "which", "demands", "necessity", "of", "correction", "of", "observed", "disorders", "." ]	[ "Intervention_Physical", "Outcome_Physical", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Age", "Intervention_Educational", "Participant_Sex", "Participant_Sample-size" ]
Positive Action is a Intervention_Educational, urban youth : is a Participant_Condition, Positive Action ( PA ) is a Intervention_Educational, school - based social - emotional learning and health promotion program is a Intervention_Educational, predominately low - income and ethnic minority urban youth . is a Participant_Condition, 6-year period of program implementation for a cohort of youth in each school , followed from grades 3 to 8 . is a Participant_Condition, life satisfaction is a Outcome_Other, depression is a Outcome_Mental, anxiety is a Outcome_Mental	60677_task0	Sentence: Effects of Positive Action on the emotional health of urban youth : a cluster-randomized trial . PURPOSE We examined the effects of Positive Action ( PA ) , a school-based social-emotional learning and health promotion program , on the emotional health of predominately low-income and ethnic minority urban youth . METHODS The study was a matched-pair , cluster-randomized controlled trial involving 14 Chicago public schools . Outcomes were assessed over a 6-year period of program implementation for a cohort of youth in each school , followed from grades 3 to 8 . Youth reported on their emotional health ( positive affect , life satisfaction , depression , anxiety ) and social-emotional and character development . Growth-curve and structural-equation modeling analyses assessed overall program effects on the emotional health outcomes as well as mediation of these effects via the program 's impact on youths ' social-emotional and character development . RESULTS Students in PA schools , compared with those in control schools , had more favorable change over the course of the study in positive affect ( standardized mean difference effect size [ ES ] = .17 ) and life satisfaction ( ES = .13 ) as well as significantly lower depression ( ES = -.14 ) and anxiety ( ES = -.26 ) at study end point . Program effects for positive affect , depression , and anxiety were mediated by more favorable change over time in social-emotional and character development for students in PA schools . CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that universal , school-based programs can benefit the emotional health of youth in low-income , urban settings . The modest magnitude of effects over an extended period of program implementation , however , reflects the challenges of both mounting interventions and offsetting formidable risks for mental health problems in such environments . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Educational, Outcome_Other, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Mental	[ "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Effects of Positive Action on the emotional health of urban youth : a cluster-randomized trial . PURPOSE We examined the effects of Positive Action ( PA ) , a school-based social-emotional learning and health promotion program , on the emotional health of predominately low-income and ethnic minority urban youth . METHODS The study was a matched-pair , cluster-randomized controlled trial involving 14 Chicago public schools . Outcomes were assessed over a 6-year period of program implementation for a cohort of youth in each school , followed from grades 3 to 8 . Youth reported on their emotional health ( positive affect , life satisfaction , depression , anxiety ) and social-emotional and character development . Growth-curve and structural-equation modeling analyses assessed overall program effects on the emotional health outcomes as well as mediation of these effects via the program 's impact on youths ' social-emotional and character development . RESULTS Students in PA schools , compared with those in control schools , had more favorable change over the course of the study in positive affect ( standardized mean difference effect size [ ES ] = .17 ) and life satisfaction ( ES = .13 ) as well as significantly lower depression ( ES = -.14 ) and anxiety ( ES = -.26 ) at study end point . Program effects for positive affect , depression , and anxiety were mediated by more favorable change over time in social-emotional and character development for students in PA schools . CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that universal , school-based programs can benefit the emotional health of youth in low-income , urban settings . The modest magnitude of effects over an extended period of program implementation , however , reflects the challenges of both mounting interventions and offsetting formidable risks for mental health problems in such environments .	[ "Effects", "of", "Positive", "Action", "on", "the", "emotional", "health", "of", "urban", "youth", ":", "a", "cluster", "-", "randomized", "trial", ".", "PURPOSE", "We", "examined", "the", "effects", "of", "Positive", "Action", "(", "PA", ")", ",", "a", "school", "-", "based", "social", "-", "emotional", "learning", "and", "health", "promotion", "program", ",", "on", "the", "emotional", "health", "of", "predominately", "low", "-", "income", "and", "ethnic", "minority", "urban", "youth", ".", "METHODS", "The", "study", "was", "a", "matched", "-", "pair", ",", "cluster", "-", "randomized", "controlled", "trial", "involving", "14", "Chicago", "public", "schools", ".", "Outcomes", "were", "assessed", "over", "a", "6-year", "period", "of", "program", "implementation", "for", "a", "cohort", "of", "youth", "in", "each", "school", ",", "followed", "from", "grades", "3", "to", "8", ".", "Youth", "reported", "on", "their", "emotional", "health", "(", "positive", "affect", ",", "life", "satisfaction", ",", "depression", ",", "anxiety", ")", "and", "social", "-", "emotional", "and", "character", "development", ".", "Growth", "-", "curve", "and", "structural", "-", "equation", "modeling", "analyses", "assessed", "overall", "program", "effects", "on", "the", "emotional", "health", "outcomes", "as", "well", "as", "mediation", "of", "these", "effects", "via", "the", "program", "'", "s", "impact", "on", "youths", "'", "social", "-", "emotional", "and", "character", "development", ".", "RESULTS", "Students", "in", "PA", "schools", ",", "compared", "with", "those", "in", "control", "schools", ",", "had", "more", "favorable", "change", "over", "the", "course", "of", "the", "study", "in", "positive", "affect", "(", "standardized", "mean", "difference", "effect", "size", "[", "ES", "]", "=", ".17", ")", "and", "life", "satisfaction", "(", "ES", "=", ".13", ")", "as", "well", "as", "significantly", "lower", "depression", "(", "ES", "=", "-.14", ")", "and", "anxiety", "(", "ES", "=", "-.26", ")", "at", "study", "end", "point", ".", "Program", "effects", "for", "positive", "affect", ",", "depression", ",", "and", "anxiety", "were", "mediated", "by", "more", "favorable", "change", "over", "time", "in", "social", "-", "emotional", "and", "character", "development", "for", "students", "in", "PA", "schools", ".", "CONCLUSIONS", "Results", "suggest", "that", "universal", ",", "school", "-", "based", "programs", "can", "benefit", "the", "emotional", "health", "of", "youth", "in", "low", "-", "income", ",", "urban", "settings", ".", "The", "modest", "magnitude", "of", "effects", "over", "an", "extended", "period", "of", "program", "implementation", ",", "however", ",", "reflects", "the", "challenges", "of", "both", "mounting", "interventions", "and", "offsetting", "formidable", "risks", "for", "mental", "health", "problems", "in", "such", "environments", "." ]	[ "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Educational", "Outcome_Other", "Outcome_Mental", "Intervention_Control" ]
Positive Action is a Intervention_Educational, urban youth : is a Participant_Condition, Positive Action ( PA ) is a Intervention_Educational, school - based social - emotional learning and health promotion program is a Intervention_Educational, predominately low - income and ethnic minority urban youth . is a Participant_Condition, 6-year period of program implementation for a cohort of youth in each school , followed from grades 3 to 8 . is a Participant_Condition, life satisfaction is a Outcome_Other, depression is a Outcome_Mental, anxiety is a Outcome_Mental	60677_task1	Sentence: Effects of Positive Action on the emotional health of urban youth : a cluster-randomized trial . PURPOSE We examined the effects of Positive Action ( PA ) , a school-based social-emotional learning and health promotion program , on the emotional health of predominately low-income and ethnic minority urban youth . METHODS The study was a matched-pair , cluster-randomized controlled trial involving 14 Chicago public schools . Outcomes were assessed over a 6-year period of program implementation for a cohort of youth in each school , followed from grades 3 to 8 . Youth reported on their emotional health ( positive affect , life satisfaction , depression , anxiety ) and social-emotional and character development . Growth-curve and structural-equation modeling analyses assessed overall program effects on the emotional health outcomes as well as mediation of these effects via the program 's impact on youths ' social-emotional and character development . RESULTS Students in PA schools , compared with those in control schools , had more favorable change over the course of the study in positive affect ( standardized mean difference effect size [ ES ] = .17 ) and life satisfaction ( ES = .13 ) as well as significantly lower depression ( ES = -.14 ) and anxiety ( ES = -.26 ) at study end point . Program effects for positive affect , depression , and anxiety were mediated by more favorable change over time in social-emotional and character development for students in PA schools . CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that universal , school-based programs can benefit the emotional health of youth in low-income , urban settings . The modest magnitude of effects over an extended period of program implementation , however , reflects the challenges of both mounting interventions and offsetting formidable risks for mental health problems in such environments . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Positive Action, urban youth :, Positive Action ( PA ), school - based social - emotional learning and health promotion program, predominately low - income and ethnic minority urban youth ., 6-year period of program implementation for a cohort of youth in each school , followed from grades 3 to 8 ., life satisfaction, depression, anxiety Options: Intervention_Educational, Outcome_Other, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Mental	[ "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Effects of Positive Action on the emotional health of urban youth : a cluster-randomized trial . PURPOSE We examined the effects of Positive Action ( PA ) , a school-based social-emotional learning and health promotion program , on the emotional health of predominately low-income and ethnic minority urban youth . METHODS The study was a matched-pair , cluster-randomized controlled trial involving 14 Chicago public schools . Outcomes were assessed over a 6-year period of program implementation for a cohort of youth in each school , followed from grades 3 to 8 . Youth reported on their emotional health ( positive affect , life satisfaction , depression , anxiety ) and social-emotional and character development . Growth-curve and structural-equation modeling analyses assessed overall program effects on the emotional health outcomes as well as mediation of these effects via the program 's impact on youths ' social-emotional and character development . RESULTS Students in PA schools , compared with those in control schools , had more favorable change over the course of the study in positive affect ( standardized mean difference effect size [ ES ] = .17 ) and life satisfaction ( ES = .13 ) as well as significantly lower depression ( ES = -.14 ) and anxiety ( ES = -.26 ) at study end point . Program effects for positive affect , depression , and anxiety were mediated by more favorable change over time in social-emotional and character development for students in PA schools . CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that universal , school-based programs can benefit the emotional health of youth in low-income , urban settings . The modest magnitude of effects over an extended period of program implementation , however , reflects the challenges of both mounting interventions and offsetting formidable risks for mental health problems in such environments .	[ "Effects", "of", "Positive", "Action", "on", "the", "emotional", "health", "of", "urban", "youth", ":", "a", "cluster", "-", "randomized", "trial", ".", "PURPOSE", "We", "examined", "the", "effects", "of", "Positive", "Action", "(", "PA", ")", ",", "a", "school", "-", "based", "social", "-", "emotional", "learning", "and", "health", "promotion", "program", ",", "on", "the", "emotional", "health", "of", "predominately", "low", "-", "income", "and", "ethnic", "minority", "urban", "youth", ".", "METHODS", "The", "study", "was", "a", "matched", "-", "pair", ",", "cluster", "-", "randomized", "controlled", "trial", "involving", "14", "Chicago", "public", "schools", ".", "Outcomes", "were", "assessed", "over", "a", "6-year", "period", "of", "program", "implementation", "for", "a", "cohort", "of", "youth", "in", "each", "school", ",", "followed", "from", "grades", "3", "to", "8", ".", "Youth", "reported", "on", "their", "emotional", "health", "(", "positive", "affect", ",", "life", "satisfaction", ",", "depression", ",", "anxiety", ")", "and", "social", "-", "emotional", "and", "character", "development", ".", "Growth", "-", "curve", "and", "structural", "-", "equation", "modeling", "analyses", "assessed", "overall", "program", "effects", "on", "the", "emotional", "health", "outcomes", "as", "well", "as", "mediation", "of", "these", "effects", "via", "the", "program", "'", "s", "impact", "on", "youths", "'", "social", "-", "emotional", "and", "character", "development", ".", "RESULTS", "Students", "in", "PA", "schools", ",", "compared", "with", "those", "in", "control", "schools", ",", "had", "more", "favorable", "change", "over", "the", "course", "of", "the", "study", "in", "positive", "affect", "(", "standardized", "mean", "difference", "effect", "size", "[", "ES", "]", "=", ".17", ")", "and", "life", "satisfaction", "(", "ES", "=", ".13", ")", "as", "well", "as", "significantly", "lower", "depression", "(", "ES", "=", "-.14", ")", "and", "anxiety", "(", "ES", "=", "-.26", ")", "at", "study", "end", "point", ".", "Program", "effects", "for", "positive", "affect", ",", "depression", ",", "and", "anxiety", "were", "mediated", "by", "more", "favorable", "change", "over", "time", "in", "social", "-", "emotional", "and", "character", "development", "for", "students", "in", "PA", "schools", ".", "CONCLUSIONS", "Results", "suggest", "that", "universal", ",", "school", "-", "based", "programs", "can", "benefit", "the", "emotional", "health", "of", "youth", "in", "low", "-", "income", ",", "urban", "settings", ".", "The", "modest", "magnitude", "of", "effects", "over", "an", "extended", "period", "of", "program", "implementation", ",", "however", ",", "reflects", "the", "challenges", "of", "both", "mounting", "interventions", "and", "offsetting", "formidable", "risks", "for", "mental", "health", "problems", "in", "such", "environments", "." ]	[ "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Educational", "Outcome_Other", "Outcome_Mental", "Intervention_Control" ]
Positive Action, urban youth :, Positive Action ( PA ), school - based social - emotional learning and health promotion program, predominately low - income and ethnic minority urban youth ., 6-year period of program implementation for a cohort of youth in each school , followed from grades 3 to 8 ., life satisfaction, depression, anxiety	60677_task2	Sentence: Effects of Positive Action on the emotional health of urban youth : a cluster-randomized trial . PURPOSE We examined the effects of Positive Action ( PA ) , a school-based social-emotional learning and health promotion program , on the emotional health of predominately low-income and ethnic minority urban youth . METHODS The study was a matched-pair , cluster-randomized controlled trial involving 14 Chicago public schools . Outcomes were assessed over a 6-year period of program implementation for a cohort of youth in each school , followed from grades 3 to 8 . Youth reported on their emotional health ( positive affect , life satisfaction , depression , anxiety ) and social-emotional and character development . Growth-curve and structural-equation modeling analyses assessed overall program effects on the emotional health outcomes as well as mediation of these effects via the program 's impact on youths ' social-emotional and character development . RESULTS Students in PA schools , compared with those in control schools , had more favorable change over the course of the study in positive affect ( standardized mean difference effect size [ ES ] = .17 ) and life satisfaction ( ES = .13 ) as well as significantly lower depression ( ES = -.14 ) and anxiety ( ES = -.26 ) at study end point . Program effects for positive affect , depression , and anxiety were mediated by more favorable change over time in social-emotional and character development for students in PA schools . CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that universal , school-based programs can benefit the emotional health of youth in low-income , urban settings . The modest magnitude of effects over an extended period of program implementation , however , reflects the challenges of both mounting interventions and offsetting formidable risks for mental health problems in such environments . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Effects of Positive Action on the emotional health of urban youth : a cluster-randomized trial . PURPOSE We examined the effects of Positive Action ( PA ) , a school-based social-emotional learning and health promotion program , on the emotional health of predominately low-income and ethnic minority urban youth . METHODS The study was a matched-pair , cluster-randomized controlled trial involving 14 Chicago public schools . Outcomes were assessed over a 6-year period of program implementation for a cohort of youth in each school , followed from grades 3 to 8 . Youth reported on their emotional health ( positive affect , life satisfaction , depression , anxiety ) and social-emotional and character development . Growth-curve and structural-equation modeling analyses assessed overall program effects on the emotional health outcomes as well as mediation of these effects via the program 's impact on youths ' social-emotional and character development . RESULTS Students in PA schools , compared with those in control schools , had more favorable change over the course of the study in positive affect ( standardized mean difference effect size [ ES ] = .17 ) and life satisfaction ( ES = .13 ) as well as significantly lower depression ( ES = -.14 ) and anxiety ( ES = -.26 ) at study end point . Program effects for positive affect , depression , and anxiety were mediated by more favorable change over time in social-emotional and character development for students in PA schools . CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that universal , school-based programs can benefit the emotional health of youth in low-income , urban settings . The modest magnitude of effects over an extended period of program implementation , however , reflects the challenges of both mounting interventions and offsetting formidable risks for mental health problems in such environments .	[ "Effects", "of", "Positive", "Action", "on", "the", "emotional", "health", "of", "urban", "youth", ":", "a", "cluster", "-", "randomized", "trial", ".", "PURPOSE", "We", "examined", "the", "effects", "of", "Positive", "Action", "(", "PA", ")", ",", "a", "school", "-", "based", "social", "-", "emotional", "learning", "and", "health", "promotion", "program", ",", "on", "the", "emotional", "health", "of", "predominately", "low", "-", "income", "and", "ethnic", "minority", "urban", "youth", ".", "METHODS", "The", "study", "was", "a", "matched", "-", "pair", ",", "cluster", "-", "randomized", "controlled", "trial", "involving", "14", "Chicago", "public", "schools", ".", "Outcomes", "were", "assessed", "over", "a", "6-year", "period", "of", "program", "implementation", "for", "a", "cohort", "of", "youth", "in", "each", "school", ",", "followed", "from", "grades", "3", "to", "8", ".", "Youth", "reported", "on", "their", "emotional", "health", "(", "positive", "affect", ",", "life", "satisfaction", ",", "depression", ",", "anxiety", ")", "and", "social", "-", "emotional", "and", "character", "development", ".", "Growth", "-", "curve", "and", "structural", "-", "equation", "modeling", "analyses", "assessed", "overall", "program", "effects", "on", "the", "emotional", "health", "outcomes", "as", "well", "as", "mediation", "of", "these", "effects", "via", "the", "program", "'", "s", "impact", "on", "youths", "'", "social", "-", "emotional", "and", "character", "development", ".", "RESULTS", "Students", "in", "PA", "schools", ",", "compared", "with", "those", "in", "control", "schools", ",", "had", "more", "favorable", "change", "over", "the", "course", "of", "the", "study", "in", "positive", "affect", "(", "standardized", "mean", "difference", "effect", "size", "[", "ES", "]", "=", ".17", ")", "and", "life", "satisfaction", "(", "ES", "=", ".13", ")", "as", "well", "as", "significantly", "lower", "depression", "(", "ES", "=", "-.14", ")", "and", "anxiety", "(", "ES", "=", "-.26", ")", "at", "study", "end", "point", ".", "Program", "effects", "for", "positive", "affect", ",", "depression", ",", "and", "anxiety", "were", "mediated", "by", "more", "favorable", "change", "over", "time", "in", "social", "-", "emotional", "and", "character", "development", "for", "students", "in", "PA", "schools", ".", "CONCLUSIONS", "Results", "suggest", "that", "universal", ",", "school", "-", "based", "programs", "can", "benefit", "the", "emotional", "health", "of", "youth", "in", "low", "-", "income", ",", "urban", "settings", ".", "The", "modest", "magnitude", "of", "effects", "over", "an", "extended", "period", "of", "program", "implementation", ",", "however", ",", "reflects", "the", "challenges", "of", "both", "mounting", "interventions", "and", "offsetting", "formidable", "risks", "for", "mental", "health", "problems", "in", "such", "environments", "." ]	[ "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Educational", "Outcome_Other", "Outcome_Mental", "Intervention_Control" ]
Tat - binding protein 7 is a protein_molecule, 26S protease is a protein_complex	15156_task0	Sentence: Tat-binding protein 7 is a subunit of the 26S protease. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: protein_complex, protein_molecule	[ "B-protein_molecule", "I-protein_molecule", "I-protein_molecule", "I-protein_molecule", "I-protein_molecule", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein_complex", "I-protein_complex", "O" ]	Tat-binding protein 7 is a subunit of the 26S protease.	[ "Tat", "-", "binding", "protein", "7", "is", "a", "subunit", "of", "the", "26S", "protease", "." ]	[ "protein_molecule", "cell_type", "other_name", "peptide", "protein_N/A", "protein_complex", "protein_subunit" ]
Tat - binding protein 7 is a protein_molecule, 26S protease is a protein_complex	15156_task1	Sentence: Tat-binding protein 7 is a subunit of the 26S protease. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Tat - binding protein 7, 26S protease Options: protein_complex, protein_molecule	[ "B-protein_molecule", "I-protein_molecule", "I-protein_molecule", "I-protein_molecule", "I-protein_molecule", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein_complex", "I-protein_complex", "O" ]	Tat-binding protein 7 is a subunit of the 26S protease.	[ "Tat", "-", "binding", "protein", "7", "is", "a", "subunit", "of", "the", "26S", "protease", "." ]	[ "protein_molecule", "cell_type", "other_name", "peptide", "protein_N/A", "protein_complex", "protein_subunit" ]
Tat - binding protein 7, 26S protease	15156_task2	Sentence: Tat-binding protein 7 is a subunit of the 26S protease. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "B-protein_molecule", "I-protein_molecule", "I-protein_molecule", "I-protein_molecule", "I-protein_molecule", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein_complex", "I-protein_complex", "O" ]	Tat-binding protein 7 is a subunit of the 26S protease.	[ "Tat", "-", "binding", "protein", "7", "is", "a", "subunit", "of", "the", "26S", "protease", "." ]	[ "protein_molecule", "cell_type", "other_name", "peptide", "protein_N/A", "protein_complex", "protein_subunit" ]
allergy is a Condition, study drugs is a Drug, significant is a Qualifier, medical conditions is a Condition, gastrointestinal , hepatic , renal , respiratory , cardiovascular , metabolic , immunologic , hematological , psychiatric , neurological , oncological or hormonal disorders is a Scope, elevated is a Value, liver enzymes is a Measurement, Clinically relevant laboratory abnormalities is a Scope, Hgb<11g / dL , Hct<30g / dL , total cholesterol > 240mg / dL , triglycerides > 500mg / dL , fasting glucose > 130mg / dL , liver function tests > 2.5x upper limit of normal , baseline international normalized ratio > 1.2 is a Scope, History is a Observation, clinically significant is a Qualifier, hepatic , cardiac , pulmonary , endocrine , immunological , gastrointestinal , hematological , vascular or collagen disease is a Scope, alcohol abuse is a Condition, use of is a Condition, tobacco products is a Drug, history is a Observation, smoking is a Observation, within the past 2 months is a Temporal, Pregnant is a Condition, breast feeding is a Observation, Sexually active is a Condition, women is a Person, childbearing is a Value, age is a Person, not is a Negation, acceptable is a Qualifier, barrier method of birth control is a Device, Hypersensitivity is a Condition, caffeine , warfarin , vitamin K , omeprazole , dextromethorphan , midazolam , tipranavir , ritonavir is a Scope, Concomitant is a Temporal, experimental compounds is a Drug, Concomitant is a Temporal, medications known to alter P450 enzyme or P - gp activity is a Scope, Concomitant is a Temporal, medications known to be highly dependent on P450 or P - gp for clearance is a Scope, elevated plasma concentrations is a Scope, serious is a Qualifier, toxicity is a Condition, Concomitant is a Temporal, food product known to alter P450 enzyme or P - gp activity is a Scope, grapefruit juice , Seville oranges is a Scope, drug that could affect bleeding is a Drug, aspirin , clopidogrel , ticlopidine , warfarin , heparin , low - molecular weight heparin is a Scope, Concomitant is a Temporal, oral contraceptives is a Drug, Concomitant is a Temporal, herbal medications is a Drug, Inadequate is a Qualifier, venous access is a Device, Renal is a Condition, hepatic insufficiency is a Condition, Clinically unacceptable result is a Condition, at the screening physical examination is a Temporal, investigational medications is a Drug, within 30 days before study entry is a Temporal, HIV is a Measurement, positive is a Value, Body Mass Index ( BMI ) is a Measurement, > 30 kg / m² is a Value	NCT02243553_exc_task0	Sentence: 1. History or presence of allergy to the study drugs or their components or drugs of their class, or a history of drug or other allergy that, in the opinion of the physician responsible, contraindicates their participation 2. Any finding of the medical examination (including blood pressure, pulse rate and electrocardiogram) deviating from normal and of clinical relevance 3. History or diagnosis of any significant medical conditions: Including but not limited to gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, immunologic, hematological, psychiatric, neurological, oncological or hormonal disorders 4. Known elevated liver enzymes in past clinical trials with any compound (experimental or marketed) 5. Clinically relevant laboratory abnormalities (e.g. Hgb<11g/dL, Hct<30g/dL, total cholesterol >240mg/dL, triglycerides >500mg/dL, fasting glucose >130mg/dL, liver function tests >2.5x upper limit of normal, baseline international normalized ratio >1.2) 6. History of evidence of clinically significant hepatic, cardiac, pulmonary, endocrine, immunological, gastrointestinal, hematological, vascular or collagen disease 7. History of alcohol abuse or use of any illicit drugs 8. Unable to abstain from more than one beer or alcohol equivalent per day for the duration of the study 9. Use of tobacco products and/or history of smoking within the past 2 months 10. Pregnant or breast feeding 11. Sexually active women of childbearing age who do not use an acceptable barrier method of birth control 12. Hypersensitivity to caffeine, warfarin, vitamin K, omeprazole, dextromethorphan, midazolam, tipranavir, ritonavir or their excipients 13. Concomitant treatment with other experimental compounds 14. Concomitant administration of any prescription or over the counter medications known to alter P450 enzyme or P-gp activity 15. Concomitant administration of any prescription or over the counter medications known to be highly dependent on P450 or P-gp for clearance for which elevated plasma concentrations are known to be associated with serious toxicity 16. Concomitant administration of any food product known to alter P450 enzyme or P-gp activity such as grapefruit juice, Seville oranges 17. Concomitant administration of any drug that could affect bleeding (e.g., aspirin, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, warfarin, heparin, low-molecular weight heparin) 18. Concomitant administration of oral contraceptives (may be included with 7-day washout period) 19. Concomitant administration of any herbal medications 20. Inadequate venous access 21. Renal or hepatic insufficiency 22. Clinically unacceptable result at the screening physical examination 23. Use of investigational medications within 30 days before study entry 24. HIV-positive 25. Body Mass Index (BMI) > 30 kg/m² Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Temporal, Condition, Qualifier, Value, Person, Observation, Negation, Scope, Measurement, Device, Drug	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Value", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Observation", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "B-Observation", "O", "B-Observation", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Observation", "I-Observation", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "B-Person", "O", "B-Value", "B-Person", "O", "O", "B-Negation", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Device", "I-Device", "I-Device", "I-Device", "I-Device", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "I-Drug", "I-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Device", "I-Device", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "I-Condition", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "O", "B-Value", "O", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O" ]	1. History or presence of allergy to the study drugs or their components or drugs of their class, or a history of drug or other allergy that, in the opinion of the physician responsible, contraindicates their participation 2. Any finding of the medical examination (including blood pressure, pulse rate and electrocardiogram) deviating from normal and of clinical relevance 3. History or diagnosis of any significant medical conditions: Including but not limited to gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, immunologic, hematological, psychiatric, neurological, oncological or hormonal disorders 4. Known elevated liver enzymes in past clinical trials with any compound (experimental or marketed) 5. Clinically relevant laboratory abnormalities (e.g. Hgb<11g/dL, Hct<30g/dL, total cholesterol >240mg/dL, triglycerides >500mg/dL, fasting glucose >130mg/dL, liver function tests >2.5x upper limit of normal, baseline international normalized ratio >1.2) 6. History of evidence of clinically significant hepatic, cardiac, pulmonary, endocrine, immunological, gastrointestinal, hematological, vascular or collagen disease 7. History of alcohol abuse or use of any illicit drugs 8. Unable to abstain from more than one beer or alcohol equivalent per day for the duration of the study 9. Use of tobacco products and/or history of smoking within the past 2 months 10. Pregnant or breast feeding 11. Sexually active women of childbearing age who do not use an acceptable barrier method of birth control 12. Hypersensitivity to caffeine, warfarin, vitamin K, omeprazole, dextromethorphan, midazolam, tipranavir, ritonavir or their excipients 13. Concomitant treatment with other experimental compounds 14. Concomitant administration of any prescription or over the counter medications known to alter P450 enzyme or P-gp activity 15. Concomitant administration of any prescription or over the counter medications known to be highly dependent on P450 or P-gp for clearance for which elevated plasma concentrations are known to be associated with serious toxicity 16. Concomitant administration of any food product known to alter P450 enzyme or P-gp activity such as grapefruit juice, Seville oranges 17. Concomitant administration of any drug that could affect bleeding (e.g., aspirin, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, warfarin, heparin, low-molecular weight heparin) 18. Concomitant administration of oral contraceptives (may be included with 7-day washout period) 19. Concomitant administration of any herbal medications 20. Inadequate venous access 21. Renal or hepatic insufficiency 22. Clinically unacceptable result at the screening physical examination 23. Use of investigational medications within 30 days before study entry 24. HIV-positive 25. Body Mass Index (BMI) > 30 kg/m²	[ "1", ".", "History", "or", "presence", "of", "allergy", "to", "the", "study", "drugs", "or", "their", "components", "or", "drugs", "of", "their", "class", ",", "or", "a", "history", "of", "drug", "or", "other", "allergy", "that", ",", "in", "the", "opinion", "of", "the", "physician", "responsible", ",", "contraindicates", "their", "participation", "\n", "2", ".", "Any", "finding", "of", "the", "medical", "examination", "(", "including", "blood", "pressure", ",", "pulse", "rate", "and", "electrocardiogram", ")", "deviating", "from", "normal", "and", "of", "clinical", "relevance", "\n", "3", ".", "History", "or", "diagnosis", "of", "any", "significant", "medical", "conditions", ":", "Including", "but", "not", "limited", "to", "gastrointestinal", ",", "hepatic", ",", "renal", ",", "respiratory", ",", "cardiovascular", ",", "metabolic", ",", "immunologic", ",", "hematological", ",", "psychiatric", ",", "neurological", ",", "oncological", "or", "hormonal", "disorders", "\n", "4", ".", "Known", "elevated", "liver", "enzymes", "in", "past", "clinical", "trials", "with", "any", "compound", "(", "experimental", "or", "marketed", ")", "\n", "5", ".", "Clinically", "relevant", "laboratory", "abnormalities", "(", "e.g", ".", "Hgb<11g", "/", "dL", ",", "Hct<30g", "/", "dL", ",", "total", "cholesterol", ">", "240mg", "/", "dL", ",", "triglycerides", ">", "500mg", "/", "dL", ",", "fasting", "glucose", ">", "130mg", "/", "dL", ",", "liver", "function", "tests", ">", "2.5x", "upper", "limit", "of", "normal", ",", "baseline", "international", "normalized", "ratio", ">", "1.2", ")", "\n", "6", ".", "History", "of", "evidence", "of", "clinically", "significant", "hepatic", ",", "cardiac", ",", "pulmonary", ",", "endocrine", ",", "immunological", ",", "gastrointestinal", ",", "hematological", ",", "vascular", "or", "collagen", "disease", "\n", "7", ".", "History", "of", "alcohol", "abuse", "or", "use", "of", "any", "illicit", "drugs", "\n", "8", ".", "Unable", "to", "abstain", "from", "more", "than", "one", "beer", "or", "alcohol", "equivalent", "per", "day", "for", "the", "duration", "of", "the", "study", "\n", "9", ".", "Use", "of", "tobacco", "products", "and", "/", "or", "history", "of", "smoking", "within", "the", "past", "2", "months", "\n", "10", ".", "Pregnant", "or", "breast", "feeding", "\n", "11", ".", "Sexually", "active", "women", "of", "childbearing", "age", "who", "do", "not", "use", "an", "acceptable", "barrier", "method", "of", "birth", "control", "\n", "12", ".", "Hypersensitivity", "to", "caffeine", ",", "warfarin", ",", "vitamin", "K", ",", "omeprazole", ",", "dextromethorphan", ",", "midazolam", ",", "tipranavir", ",", "ritonavir", "or", "their", "excipients", "\n", "13", ".", "Concomitant", "treatment", "with", "other", "experimental", "compounds", "\n", "14", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "prescription", "or", "over", "the", "counter", "medications", "known", "to", "alter", "P450", "enzyme", "or", "P", "-", "gp", "activity", "\n", "15", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "prescription", "or", "over", "the", "counter", "medications", "known", "to", "be", "highly", "dependent", "on", "P450", "or", "P", "-", "gp", "for", "clearance", "for", "which", "elevated", "plasma", "concentrations", "are", "known", "to", "be", "associated", "with", "serious", "toxicity", "\n", "16", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "food", "product", "known", "to", "alter", "P450", "enzyme", "or", "P", "-", "gp", "activity", "such", "as", "grapefruit", "juice", ",", "Seville", "oranges", "\n", "17", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "drug", "that", "could", "affect", "bleeding", "(", "e.g", ".", ",", "aspirin", ",", "clopidogrel", ",", "ticlopidine", ",", "warfarin", ",", "heparin", ",", "low", "-", "molecular", "weight", "heparin", ")", "\n", "18", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "oral", "contraceptives", "(", "may", "be", "included", "with", "7-day", "washout", "period", ")", "\n", "19", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "herbal", "medications", "\n", "20", ".", "Inadequate", "venous", "access", "\n", "21", ".", "Renal", "or", "hepatic", "insufficiency", "\n", "22", ".", "Clinically", "unacceptable", "result", "at", "the", "screening", "physical", "examination", "\n", "23", ".", "Use", "of", "investigational", "medications", "within", "30", "days", "before", "study", "entry", "\n", "24", ".", "HIV", "-", "positive", "\n", "25", ".", "Body", "Mass", "Index", "(", "BMI", ")", ">", "30", "kg", "/", "m²", " \n \n" ]	[ "Scope", "Drug", "Temporal", "Reference_point", "Device", "Condition", "Measurement", "Value", "Qualifier", "Procedure", "Observation", "Person", "Negation" ]
allergy is a Condition, study drugs is a Drug, significant is a Qualifier, medical conditions is a Condition, gastrointestinal , hepatic , renal , respiratory , cardiovascular , metabolic , immunologic , hematological , psychiatric , neurological , oncological or hormonal disorders is a Scope, elevated is a Value, liver enzymes is a Measurement, Clinically relevant laboratory abnormalities is a Scope, Hgb<11g / dL , Hct<30g / dL , total cholesterol > 240mg / dL , triglycerides > 500mg / dL , fasting glucose > 130mg / dL , liver function tests > 2.5x upper limit of normal , baseline international normalized ratio > 1.2 is a Scope, History is a Observation, clinically significant is a Qualifier, hepatic , cardiac , pulmonary , endocrine , immunological , gastrointestinal , hematological , vascular or collagen disease is a Scope, alcohol abuse is a Condition, use of is a Condition, tobacco products is a Drug, history is a Observation, smoking is a Observation, within the past 2 months is a Temporal, Pregnant is a Condition, breast feeding is a Observation, Sexually active is a Condition, women is a Person, childbearing is a Value, age is a Person, not is a Negation, acceptable is a Qualifier, barrier method of birth control is a Device, Hypersensitivity is a Condition, caffeine , warfarin , vitamin K , omeprazole , dextromethorphan , midazolam , tipranavir , ritonavir is a Scope, Concomitant is a Temporal, experimental compounds is a Drug, Concomitant is a Temporal, medications known to alter P450 enzyme or P - gp activity is a Scope, Concomitant is a Temporal, medications known to be highly dependent on P450 or P - gp for clearance is a Scope, elevated plasma concentrations is a Scope, serious is a Qualifier, toxicity is a Condition, Concomitant is a Temporal, food product known to alter P450 enzyme or P - gp activity is a Scope, grapefruit juice , Seville oranges is a Scope, drug that could affect bleeding is a Drug, aspirin , clopidogrel , ticlopidine , warfarin , heparin , low - molecular weight heparin is a Scope, Concomitant is a Temporal, oral contraceptives is a Drug, Concomitant is a Temporal, herbal medications is a Drug, Inadequate is a Qualifier, venous access is a Device, Renal is a Condition, hepatic insufficiency is a Condition, Clinically unacceptable result is a Condition, at the screening physical examination is a Temporal, investigational medications is a Drug, within 30 days before study entry is a Temporal, HIV is a Measurement, positive is a Value, Body Mass Index ( BMI ) is a Measurement, > 30 kg / m² is a Value	NCT02243553_exc_task1	Sentence: 1. History or presence of allergy to the study drugs or their components or drugs of their class, or a history of drug or other allergy that, in the opinion of the physician responsible, contraindicates their participation 2. Any finding of the medical examination (including blood pressure, pulse rate and electrocardiogram) deviating from normal and of clinical relevance 3. History or diagnosis of any significant medical conditions: Including but not limited to gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, immunologic, hematological, psychiatric, neurological, oncological or hormonal disorders 4. Known elevated liver enzymes in past clinical trials with any compound (experimental or marketed) 5. Clinically relevant laboratory abnormalities (e.g. Hgb<11g/dL, Hct<30g/dL, total cholesterol >240mg/dL, triglycerides >500mg/dL, fasting glucose >130mg/dL, liver function tests >2.5x upper limit of normal, baseline international normalized ratio >1.2) 6. History of evidence of clinically significant hepatic, cardiac, pulmonary, endocrine, immunological, gastrointestinal, hematological, vascular or collagen disease 7. History of alcohol abuse or use of any illicit drugs 8. Unable to abstain from more than one beer or alcohol equivalent per day for the duration of the study 9. Use of tobacco products and/or history of smoking within the past 2 months 10. Pregnant or breast feeding 11. Sexually active women of childbearing age who do not use an acceptable barrier method of birth control 12. Hypersensitivity to caffeine, warfarin, vitamin K, omeprazole, dextromethorphan, midazolam, tipranavir, ritonavir or their excipients 13. Concomitant treatment with other experimental compounds 14. Concomitant administration of any prescription or over the counter medications known to alter P450 enzyme or P-gp activity 15. Concomitant administration of any prescription or over the counter medications known to be highly dependent on P450 or P-gp for clearance for which elevated plasma concentrations are known to be associated with serious toxicity 16. Concomitant administration of any food product known to alter P450 enzyme or P-gp activity such as grapefruit juice, Seville oranges 17. Concomitant administration of any drug that could affect bleeding (e.g., aspirin, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, warfarin, heparin, low-molecular weight heparin) 18. Concomitant administration of oral contraceptives (may be included with 7-day washout period) 19. Concomitant administration of any herbal medications 20. Inadequate venous access 21. Renal or hepatic insufficiency 22. Clinically unacceptable result at the screening physical examination 23. Use of investigational medications within 30 days before study entry 24. HIV-positive 25. Body Mass Index (BMI) > 30 kg/m² Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: allergy, study drugs, significant, medical conditions, gastrointestinal , hepatic , renal , respiratory , cardiovascular , metabolic , immunologic , hematological , psychiatric , neurological , oncological or hormonal disorders, elevated, liver enzymes, Clinically relevant laboratory abnormalities, Hgb<11g / dL , Hct<30g / dL , total cholesterol > 240mg / dL , triglycerides > 500mg / dL , fasting glucose > 130mg / dL , liver function tests > 2.5x upper limit of normal , baseline international normalized ratio > 1.2, History, clinically significant, hepatic , cardiac , pulmonary , endocrine , immunological , gastrointestinal , hematological , vascular or collagen disease, alcohol abuse, use of, tobacco products, history, smoking, within the past 2 months, Pregnant, breast feeding, Sexually active, women, childbearing, age, not, acceptable, barrier method of birth control, Hypersensitivity, caffeine , warfarin , vitamin K , omeprazole , dextromethorphan , midazolam , tipranavir , ritonavir, Concomitant, experimental compounds, Concomitant, medications known to alter P450 enzyme or P - gp activity, Concomitant, medications known to be highly dependent on P450 or P - gp for clearance, elevated plasma concentrations, serious, toxicity, Concomitant, food product known to alter P450 enzyme or P - gp activity, grapefruit juice , Seville oranges, drug that could affect bleeding, aspirin , clopidogrel , ticlopidine , warfarin , heparin , low - molecular weight heparin, Concomitant, oral contraceptives, Concomitant, herbal medications, Inadequate, venous access, Renal, hepatic insufficiency, Clinically unacceptable result, at the screening physical examination, investigational medications, within 30 days before study entry, HIV, positive, Body Mass Index ( BMI ), > 30 kg / m² Options: Temporal, Condition, Qualifier, Value, Person, Observation, Negation, Scope, Measurement, Device, Drug	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Value", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Observation", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "B-Observation", "O", "B-Observation", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Observation", "I-Observation", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "B-Person", "O", "B-Value", "B-Person", "O", "O", "B-Negation", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Device", "I-Device", "I-Device", "I-Device", "I-Device", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "I-Drug", "I-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Device", "I-Device", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "I-Condition", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "O", "B-Value", "O", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O" ]	1. History or presence of allergy to the study drugs or their components or drugs of their class, or a history of drug or other allergy that, in the opinion of the physician responsible, contraindicates their participation 2. Any finding of the medical examination (including blood pressure, pulse rate and electrocardiogram) deviating from normal and of clinical relevance 3. History or diagnosis of any significant medical conditions: Including but not limited to gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, immunologic, hematological, psychiatric, neurological, oncological or hormonal disorders 4. Known elevated liver enzymes in past clinical trials with any compound (experimental or marketed) 5. Clinically relevant laboratory abnormalities (e.g. Hgb<11g/dL, Hct<30g/dL, total cholesterol >240mg/dL, triglycerides >500mg/dL, fasting glucose >130mg/dL, liver function tests >2.5x upper limit of normal, baseline international normalized ratio >1.2) 6. History of evidence of clinically significant hepatic, cardiac, pulmonary, endocrine, immunological, gastrointestinal, hematological, vascular or collagen disease 7. History of alcohol abuse or use of any illicit drugs 8. Unable to abstain from more than one beer or alcohol equivalent per day for the duration of the study 9. Use of tobacco products and/or history of smoking within the past 2 months 10. Pregnant or breast feeding 11. Sexually active women of childbearing age who do not use an acceptable barrier method of birth control 12. Hypersensitivity to caffeine, warfarin, vitamin K, omeprazole, dextromethorphan, midazolam, tipranavir, ritonavir or their excipients 13. Concomitant treatment with other experimental compounds 14. Concomitant administration of any prescription or over the counter medications known to alter P450 enzyme or P-gp activity 15. Concomitant administration of any prescription or over the counter medications known to be highly dependent on P450 or P-gp for clearance for which elevated plasma concentrations are known to be associated with serious toxicity 16. Concomitant administration of any food product known to alter P450 enzyme or P-gp activity such as grapefruit juice, Seville oranges 17. Concomitant administration of any drug that could affect bleeding (e.g., aspirin, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, warfarin, heparin, low-molecular weight heparin) 18. Concomitant administration of oral contraceptives (may be included with 7-day washout period) 19. Concomitant administration of any herbal medications 20. Inadequate venous access 21. Renal or hepatic insufficiency 22. Clinically unacceptable result at the screening physical examination 23. Use of investigational medications within 30 days before study entry 24. HIV-positive 25. Body Mass Index (BMI) > 30 kg/m²	[ "1", ".", "History", "or", "presence", "of", "allergy", "to", "the", "study", "drugs", "or", "their", "components", "or", "drugs", "of", "their", "class", ",", "or", "a", "history", "of", "drug", "or", "other", "allergy", "that", ",", "in", "the", "opinion", "of", "the", "physician", "responsible", ",", "contraindicates", "their", "participation", "\n", "2", ".", "Any", "finding", "of", "the", "medical", "examination", "(", "including", "blood", "pressure", ",", "pulse", "rate", "and", "electrocardiogram", ")", "deviating", "from", "normal", "and", "of", "clinical", "relevance", "\n", "3", ".", "History", "or", "diagnosis", "of", "any", "significant", "medical", "conditions", ":", "Including", "but", "not", "limited", "to", "gastrointestinal", ",", "hepatic", ",", "renal", ",", "respiratory", ",", "cardiovascular", ",", "metabolic", ",", "immunologic", ",", "hematological", ",", "psychiatric", ",", "neurological", ",", "oncological", "or", "hormonal", "disorders", "\n", "4", ".", "Known", "elevated", "liver", "enzymes", "in", "past", "clinical", "trials", "with", "any", "compound", "(", "experimental", "or", "marketed", ")", "\n", "5", ".", "Clinically", "relevant", "laboratory", "abnormalities", "(", "e.g", ".", "Hgb<11g", "/", "dL", ",", "Hct<30g", "/", "dL", ",", "total", "cholesterol", ">", "240mg", "/", "dL", ",", "triglycerides", ">", "500mg", "/", "dL", ",", "fasting", "glucose", ">", "130mg", "/", "dL", ",", "liver", "function", "tests", ">", "2.5x", "upper", "limit", "of", "normal", ",", "baseline", "international", "normalized", "ratio", ">", "1.2", ")", "\n", "6", ".", "History", "of", "evidence", "of", "clinically", "significant", "hepatic", ",", "cardiac", ",", "pulmonary", ",", "endocrine", ",", "immunological", ",", "gastrointestinal", ",", "hematological", ",", "vascular", "or", "collagen", "disease", "\n", "7", ".", "History", "of", "alcohol", "abuse", "or", "use", "of", "any", "illicit", "drugs", "\n", "8", ".", "Unable", "to", "abstain", "from", "more", "than", "one", "beer", "or", "alcohol", "equivalent", "per", "day", "for", "the", "duration", "of", "the", "study", "\n", "9", ".", "Use", "of", "tobacco", "products", "and", "/", "or", "history", "of", "smoking", "within", "the", "past", "2", "months", "\n", "10", ".", "Pregnant", "or", "breast", "feeding", "\n", "11", ".", "Sexually", "active", "women", "of", "childbearing", "age", "who", "do", "not", "use", "an", "acceptable", "barrier", "method", "of", "birth", "control", "\n", "12", ".", "Hypersensitivity", "to", "caffeine", ",", "warfarin", ",", "vitamin", "K", ",", "omeprazole", ",", "dextromethorphan", ",", "midazolam", ",", "tipranavir", ",", "ritonavir", "or", "their", "excipients", "\n", "13", ".", "Concomitant", "treatment", "with", "other", "experimental", "compounds", "\n", "14", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "prescription", "or", "over", "the", "counter", "medications", "known", "to", "alter", "P450", "enzyme", "or", "P", "-", "gp", "activity", "\n", "15", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "prescription", "or", "over", "the", "counter", "medications", "known", "to", "be", "highly", "dependent", "on", "P450", "or", "P", "-", "gp", "for", "clearance", "for", "which", "elevated", "plasma", "concentrations", "are", "known", "to", "be", "associated", "with", "serious", "toxicity", "\n", "16", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "food", "product", "known", "to", "alter", "P450", "enzyme", "or", "P", "-", "gp", "activity", "such", "as", "grapefruit", "juice", ",", "Seville", "oranges", "\n", "17", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "drug", "that", "could", "affect", "bleeding", "(", "e.g", ".", ",", "aspirin", ",", "clopidogrel", ",", "ticlopidine", ",", "warfarin", ",", "heparin", ",", "low", "-", "molecular", "weight", "heparin", ")", "\n", "18", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "oral", "contraceptives", "(", "may", "be", "included", "with", "7-day", "washout", "period", ")", "\n", "19", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "herbal", "medications", "\n", "20", ".", "Inadequate", "venous", "access", "\n", "21", ".", "Renal", "or", "hepatic", "insufficiency", "\n", "22", ".", "Clinically", "unacceptable", "result", "at", "the", "screening", "physical", "examination", "\n", "23", ".", "Use", "of", "investigational", "medications", "within", "30", "days", "before", "study", "entry", "\n", "24", ".", "HIV", "-", "positive", "\n", "25", ".", "Body", "Mass", "Index", "(", "BMI", ")", ">", "30", "kg", "/", "m²", " \n \n" ]	[ "Scope", "Drug", "Temporal", "Reference_point", "Device", "Condition", "Measurement", "Value", "Qualifier", "Procedure", "Observation", "Person", "Negation" ]
allergy, study drugs, significant, medical conditions, gastrointestinal , hepatic , renal , respiratory , cardiovascular , metabolic , immunologic , hematological , psychiatric , neurological , oncological or hormonal disorders, elevated, liver enzymes, Clinically relevant laboratory abnormalities, Hgb<11g / dL , Hct<30g / dL , total cholesterol > 240mg / dL , triglycerides > 500mg / dL , fasting glucose > 130mg / dL , liver function tests > 2.5x upper limit of normal , baseline international normalized ratio > 1.2, History, clinically significant, hepatic , cardiac , pulmonary , endocrine , immunological , gastrointestinal , hematological , vascular or collagen disease, alcohol abuse, use of, tobacco products, history, smoking, within the past 2 months, Pregnant, breast feeding, Sexually active, women, childbearing, age, not, acceptable, barrier method of birth control, Hypersensitivity, caffeine , warfarin , vitamin K , omeprazole , dextromethorphan , midazolam , tipranavir , ritonavir, Concomitant, experimental compounds, Concomitant, medications known to alter P450 enzyme or P - gp activity, Concomitant, medications known to be highly dependent on P450 or P - gp for clearance, elevated plasma concentrations, serious, toxicity, Concomitant, food product known to alter P450 enzyme or P - gp activity, grapefruit juice , Seville oranges, drug that could affect bleeding, aspirin , clopidogrel , ticlopidine , warfarin , heparin , low - molecular weight heparin, Concomitant, oral contraceptives, Concomitant, herbal medications, Inadequate, venous access, Renal, hepatic insufficiency, Clinically unacceptable result, at the screening physical examination, investigational medications, within 30 days before study entry, HIV, positive, Body Mass Index ( BMI ), > 30 kg / m²	NCT02243553_exc_task2	Sentence: 1. History or presence of allergy to the study drugs or their components or drugs of their class, or a history of drug or other allergy that, in the opinion of the physician responsible, contraindicates their participation 2. Any finding of the medical examination (including blood pressure, pulse rate and electrocardiogram) deviating from normal and of clinical relevance 3. History or diagnosis of any significant medical conditions: Including but not limited to gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, immunologic, hematological, psychiatric, neurological, oncological or hormonal disorders 4. Known elevated liver enzymes in past clinical trials with any compound (experimental or marketed) 5. Clinically relevant laboratory abnormalities (e.g. Hgb<11g/dL, Hct<30g/dL, total cholesterol >240mg/dL, triglycerides >500mg/dL, fasting glucose >130mg/dL, liver function tests >2.5x upper limit of normal, baseline international normalized ratio >1.2) 6. History of evidence of clinically significant hepatic, cardiac, pulmonary, endocrine, immunological, gastrointestinal, hematological, vascular or collagen disease 7. History of alcohol abuse or use of any illicit drugs 8. Unable to abstain from more than one beer or alcohol equivalent per day for the duration of the study 9. Use of tobacco products and/or history of smoking within the past 2 months 10. Pregnant or breast feeding 11. Sexually active women of childbearing age who do not use an acceptable barrier method of birth control 12. Hypersensitivity to caffeine, warfarin, vitamin K, omeprazole, dextromethorphan, midazolam, tipranavir, ritonavir or their excipients 13. Concomitant treatment with other experimental compounds 14. Concomitant administration of any prescription or over the counter medications known to alter P450 enzyme or P-gp activity 15. Concomitant administration of any prescription or over the counter medications known to be highly dependent on P450 or P-gp for clearance for which elevated plasma concentrations are known to be associated with serious toxicity 16. Concomitant administration of any food product known to alter P450 enzyme or P-gp activity such as grapefruit juice, Seville oranges 17. Concomitant administration of any drug that could affect bleeding (e.g., aspirin, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, warfarin, heparin, low-molecular weight heparin) 18. Concomitant administration of oral contraceptives (may be included with 7-day washout period) 19. Concomitant administration of any herbal medications 20. Inadequate venous access 21. Renal or hepatic insufficiency 22. Clinically unacceptable result at the screening physical examination 23. Use of investigational medications within 30 days before study entry 24. HIV-positive 25. Body Mass Index (BMI) > 30 kg/m² Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Value", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Observation", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "B-Observation", "O", "B-Observation", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Observation", "I-Observation", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "B-Person", "O", "B-Value", "B-Person", "O", "O", "B-Negation", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Device", "I-Device", "I-Device", "I-Device", "I-Device", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "I-Drug", "I-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Device", "I-Device", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "I-Condition", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "O", "B-Value", "O", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O" ]	1. History or presence of allergy to the study drugs or their components or drugs of their class, or a history of drug or other allergy that, in the opinion of the physician responsible, contraindicates their participation 2. Any finding of the medical examination (including blood pressure, pulse rate and electrocardiogram) deviating from normal and of clinical relevance 3. History or diagnosis of any significant medical conditions: Including but not limited to gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, immunologic, hematological, psychiatric, neurological, oncological or hormonal disorders 4. Known elevated liver enzymes in past clinical trials with any compound (experimental or marketed) 5. Clinically relevant laboratory abnormalities (e.g. Hgb<11g/dL, Hct<30g/dL, total cholesterol >240mg/dL, triglycerides >500mg/dL, fasting glucose >130mg/dL, liver function tests >2.5x upper limit of normal, baseline international normalized ratio >1.2) 6. History of evidence of clinically significant hepatic, cardiac, pulmonary, endocrine, immunological, gastrointestinal, hematological, vascular or collagen disease 7. History of alcohol abuse or use of any illicit drugs 8. Unable to abstain from more than one beer or alcohol equivalent per day for the duration of the study 9. Use of tobacco products and/or history of smoking within the past 2 months 10. Pregnant or breast feeding 11. Sexually active women of childbearing age who do not use an acceptable barrier method of birth control 12. Hypersensitivity to caffeine, warfarin, vitamin K, omeprazole, dextromethorphan, midazolam, tipranavir, ritonavir or their excipients 13. Concomitant treatment with other experimental compounds 14. Concomitant administration of any prescription or over the counter medications known to alter P450 enzyme or P-gp activity 15. Concomitant administration of any prescription or over the counter medications known to be highly dependent on P450 or P-gp for clearance for which elevated plasma concentrations are known to be associated with serious toxicity 16. Concomitant administration of any food product known to alter P450 enzyme or P-gp activity such as grapefruit juice, Seville oranges 17. Concomitant administration of any drug that could affect bleeding (e.g., aspirin, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, warfarin, heparin, low-molecular weight heparin) 18. Concomitant administration of oral contraceptives (may be included with 7-day washout period) 19. Concomitant administration of any herbal medications 20. Inadequate venous access 21. Renal or hepatic insufficiency 22. Clinically unacceptable result at the screening physical examination 23. Use of investigational medications within 30 days before study entry 24. HIV-positive 25. Body Mass Index (BMI) > 30 kg/m²	[ "1", ".", "History", "or", "presence", "of", "allergy", "to", "the", "study", "drugs", "or", "their", "components", "or", "drugs", "of", "their", "class", ",", "or", "a", "history", "of", "drug", "or", "other", "allergy", "that", ",", "in", "the", "opinion", "of", "the", "physician", "responsible", ",", "contraindicates", "their", "participation", "\n", "2", ".", "Any", "finding", "of", "the", "medical", "examination", "(", "including", "blood", "pressure", ",", "pulse", "rate", "and", "electrocardiogram", ")", "deviating", "from", "normal", "and", "of", "clinical", "relevance", "\n", "3", ".", "History", "or", "diagnosis", "of", "any", "significant", "medical", "conditions", ":", "Including", "but", "not", "limited", "to", "gastrointestinal", ",", "hepatic", ",", "renal", ",", "respiratory", ",", "cardiovascular", ",", "metabolic", ",", "immunologic", ",", "hematological", ",", "psychiatric", ",", "neurological", ",", "oncological", "or", "hormonal", "disorders", "\n", "4", ".", "Known", "elevated", "liver", "enzymes", "in", "past", "clinical", "trials", "with", "any", "compound", "(", "experimental", "or", "marketed", ")", "\n", "5", ".", "Clinically", "relevant", "laboratory", "abnormalities", "(", "e.g", ".", "Hgb<11g", "/", "dL", ",", "Hct<30g", "/", "dL", ",", "total", "cholesterol", ">", "240mg", "/", "dL", ",", "triglycerides", ">", "500mg", "/", "dL", ",", "fasting", "glucose", ">", "130mg", "/", "dL", ",", "liver", "function", "tests", ">", "2.5x", "upper", "limit", "of", "normal", ",", "baseline", "international", "normalized", "ratio", ">", "1.2", ")", "\n", "6", ".", "History", "of", "evidence", "of", "clinically", "significant", "hepatic", ",", "cardiac", ",", "pulmonary", ",", "endocrine", ",", "immunological", ",", "gastrointestinal", ",", "hematological", ",", "vascular", "or", "collagen", "disease", "\n", "7", ".", "History", "of", "alcohol", "abuse", "or", "use", "of", "any", "illicit", "drugs", "\n", "8", ".", "Unable", "to", "abstain", "from", "more", "than", "one", "beer", "or", "alcohol", "equivalent", "per", "day", "for", "the", "duration", "of", "the", "study", "\n", "9", ".", "Use", "of", "tobacco", "products", "and", "/", "or", "history", "of", "smoking", "within", "the", "past", "2", "months", "\n", "10", ".", "Pregnant", "or", "breast", "feeding", "\n", "11", ".", "Sexually", "active", "women", "of", "childbearing", "age", "who", "do", "not", "use", "an", "acceptable", "barrier", "method", "of", "birth", "control", "\n", "12", ".", "Hypersensitivity", "to", "caffeine", ",", "warfarin", ",", "vitamin", "K", ",", "omeprazole", ",", "dextromethorphan", ",", "midazolam", ",", "tipranavir", ",", "ritonavir", "or", "their", "excipients", "\n", "13", ".", "Concomitant", "treatment", "with", "other", "experimental", "compounds", "\n", "14", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "prescription", "or", "over", "the", "counter", "medications", "known", "to", "alter", "P450", "enzyme", "or", "P", "-", "gp", "activity", "\n", "15", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "prescription", "or", "over", "the", "counter", "medications", "known", "to", "be", "highly", "dependent", "on", "P450", "or", "P", "-", "gp", "for", "clearance", "for", "which", "elevated", "plasma", "concentrations", "are", "known", "to", "be", "associated", "with", "serious", "toxicity", "\n", "16", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "food", "product", "known", "to", "alter", "P450", "enzyme", "or", "P", "-", "gp", "activity", "such", "as", "grapefruit", "juice", ",", "Seville", "oranges", "\n", "17", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "drug", "that", "could", "affect", "bleeding", "(", "e.g", ".", ",", "aspirin", ",", "clopidogrel", ",", "ticlopidine", ",", "warfarin", ",", "heparin", ",", "low", "-", "molecular", "weight", "heparin", ")", "\n", "18", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "oral", "contraceptives", "(", "may", "be", "included", "with", "7-day", "washout", "period", ")", "\n", "19", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "herbal", "medications", "\n", "20", ".", "Inadequate", "venous", "access", "\n", "21", ".", "Renal", "or", "hepatic", "insufficiency", "\n", "22", ".", "Clinically", "unacceptable", "result", "at", "the", "screening", "physical", "examination", "\n", "23", ".", "Use", "of", "investigational", "medications", "within", "30", "days", "before", "study", "entry", "\n", "24", ".", "HIV", "-", "positive", "\n", "25", ".", "Body", "Mass", "Index", "(", "BMI", ")", ">", "30", "kg", "/", "m²", " \n \n" ]	[ "Scope", "Drug", "Temporal", "Reference_point", "Device", "Condition", "Measurement", "Value", "Qualifier", "Procedure", "Observation", "Person", "Negation" ]
Src is a protein, Abl is a protein, Cbl is a protein, Abl is a protein, Cbl is a protein, Abl is a protein	1.0alpha7.train.804_task0	Sentence: Because Src does not bind to Abl (not shown), its binding to Cbl in the presence of Abl could be explained by a modification of Cbl conformation induced by its binding to Abl. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: protein	[ "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O" ]	Because Src does not bind to Abl (not shown), its binding to Cbl in the presence of Abl could be explained by a modification of Cbl conformation induced by its binding to Abl.	[ "Because", " ", "Src", "does", "not", "bind", "to", " ", "Abl", "(", "not", "shown", ")", ",", "its", "binding", "to", " ", "Cbl", "in", "the", "presence", "of", " ", "Abl", "could", "be", "explained", "by", "a", "modification", "of", " ", "Cbl", "conformation", "induced", "by", "its", "binding", "to", " ", "Abl", "." ]	[ "protein" ]
Src is a protein, Abl is a protein, Cbl is a protein, Abl is a protein, Cbl is a protein, Abl is a protein	1.0alpha7.train.804_task1	Sentence: Because Src does not bind to Abl (not shown), its binding to Cbl in the presence of Abl could be explained by a modification of Cbl conformation induced by its binding to Abl. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Src, Abl, Cbl, Abl, Cbl, Abl Options: protein	[ "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O" ]	Because Src does not bind to Abl (not shown), its binding to Cbl in the presence of Abl could be explained by a modification of Cbl conformation induced by its binding to Abl.	[ "Because", " ", "Src", "does", "not", "bind", "to", " ", "Abl", "(", "not", "shown", ")", ",", "its", "binding", "to", " ", "Cbl", "in", "the", "presence", "of", " ", "Abl", "could", "be", "explained", "by", "a", "modification", "of", " ", "Cbl", "conformation", "induced", "by", "its", "binding", "to", " ", "Abl", "." ]	[ "protein" ]
Src, Abl, Cbl, Abl, Cbl, Abl	1.0alpha7.train.804_task2	Sentence: Because Src does not bind to Abl (not shown), its binding to Cbl in the presence of Abl could be explained by a modification of Cbl conformation induced by its binding to Abl. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O" ]	Because Src does not bind to Abl (not shown), its binding to Cbl in the presence of Abl could be explained by a modification of Cbl conformation induced by its binding to Abl.	[ "Because", " ", "Src", "does", "not", "bind", "to", " ", "Abl", "(", "not", "shown", ")", ",", "its", "binding", "to", " ", "Cbl", "in", "the", "presence", "of", " ", "Abl", "could", "be", "explained", "by", "a", "modification", "of", " ", "Cbl", "conformation", "induced", "by", "its", "binding", "to", " ", "Abl", "." ]	[ "protein" ]
tumors is an umlsterm, neoplasias is an umlsterm, diagnosis is an umlsterm, classification is an umlsterm, behavior is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, operation is an umlsterm, Surgery is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, tumors is an umlsterm, stomach is an umlsterm, tumors is an umlsterm, tumor is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, liver is an umlsterm, metastasis is an umlsterm, tumor is an umlsterm, metastases is an umlsterm, Lymphadenectomy is an umlsterm, lymph node is an umlsterm, metastases is an umlsterm, evaluation is an umlsterm, guidelines is an umlsterm, Riddell is an umlsterm, therapy is an umlsterm, surgical is an umlsterm, tumor is an umlsterm, metastases is an umlsterm, Adjuvant is an umlsterm, chemotherapy is an umlsterm	DerChirurg.90700807.eng.abstr_task0	Sentence: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( GIST ) , which form a rare group of neoplasias of the gastrointestinal tract , have not yet been fully investigated . Although good progress has been made in their diagnosis , classification of these lesions with regard to their histogenesis and biological behavior remains problematic . Between 1994 and 1998 , 18 GIST patients underwere operation in the Department of Surgery . Twelve of these patients ( 67 % ) had stromal tumors in the stomach , and six ( 33 % ) had intestinal stromal tumors . The primary tumor could be removed in all patients with R0 resection . Six patients developed hematogenous liver metastasis , with the size of their primary tumor exceeding 10 cm . Extrahepatic distant metastases were not found in any case . Lymphadenectomy showed that lymph node metastases did not occur . Histological evaluation was made according to the guidelines of Lewin , Weinstein and Riddell . Currently established therapy is limited to complete surgical resection of the primary tumor and its metastases . Adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy approaches have failed . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( GIST ) , which form a rare group of neoplasias of the gastrointestinal tract , have not yet been fully investigated . Although good progress has been made in their diagnosis , classification of these lesions with regard to their histogenesis and biological behavior remains problematic . Between 1994 and 1998 , 18 GIST patients underwere operation in the Department of Surgery . Twelve of these patients ( 67 % ) had stromal tumors in the stomach , and six ( 33 % ) had intestinal stromal tumors . The primary tumor could be removed in all patients with R0 resection . Six patients developed hematogenous liver metastasis , with the size of their primary tumor exceeding 10 cm . Extrahepatic distant metastases were not found in any case . Lymphadenectomy showed that lymph node metastases did not occur . Histological evaluation was made according to the guidelines of Lewin , Weinstein and Riddell . Currently established therapy is limited to complete surgical resection of the primary tumor and its metastases . Adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy approaches have failed .	[ "Gastrointestinal", "stromal", "tumors", "(", "GIST", ")", ",", "which", "form", "a", "rare", "group", "of", "neoplasias", "of", "the", "gastrointestinal", "tract", ",", "have", "not", "yet", "been", "fully", "investigated", ".", "Although", "good", "progress", "has", "been", "made", "in", "their", "diagnosis", ",", "classification", "of", "these", "lesions", "with", "regard", "to", "their", "histogenesis", "and", "biological", "behavior", "remains", "problematic", ".", "Between", "1994", "and", "1998", ",", "18", "GIST", "patients", "underwere", "operation", "in", "the", "Department", "of", "Surgery", ".", "Twelve", "of", "these", "patients", "(", "67", "%", ")", "had", "stromal", "tumors", "in", "the", "stomach", ",", "and", "six", "(", "33", "%", ")", "had", "intestinal", "stromal", "tumors", ".", "The", "primary", "tumor", "could", "be", "removed", "in", "all", "patients", "with", "R0", "resection", ".", "Six", "patients", "developed", "hematogenous", "liver", "metastasis", ",", "with", "the", "size", "of", "their", "primary", "tumor", "exceeding", "10", "cm", ".", "Extrahepatic", "distant", "metastases", "were", "not", "found", "in", "any", "case", ".", "Lymphadenectomy", "showed", "that", "lymph", "node", "metastases", "did", "not", "occur", ".", "Histological", "evaluation", "was", "made", "according", "to", "the", "guidelines", "of", "Lewin", ",", "Weinstein", "and", "Riddell", ".", "Currently", "established", "therapy", "is", "limited", "to", "complete", "surgical", "resection", "of", "the", "primary", "tumor", "and", "its", "metastases", ".", "Adjuvant", "or", "neoadjuvant", "chemotherapy", "approaches", "have", "failed", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
tumors is an umlsterm, neoplasias is an umlsterm, diagnosis is an umlsterm, classification is an umlsterm, behavior is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, operation is an umlsterm, Surgery is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, tumors is an umlsterm, stomach is an umlsterm, tumors is an umlsterm, tumor is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, liver is an umlsterm, metastasis is an umlsterm, tumor is an umlsterm, metastases is an umlsterm, Lymphadenectomy is an umlsterm, lymph node is an umlsterm, metastases is an umlsterm, evaluation is an umlsterm, guidelines is an umlsterm, Riddell is an umlsterm, therapy is an umlsterm, surgical is an umlsterm, tumor is an umlsterm, metastases is an umlsterm, Adjuvant is an umlsterm, chemotherapy is an umlsterm	DerChirurg.90700807.eng.abstr_task1	Sentence: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( GIST ) , which form a rare group of neoplasias of the gastrointestinal tract , have not yet been fully investigated . Although good progress has been made in their diagnosis , classification of these lesions with regard to their histogenesis and biological behavior remains problematic . Between 1994 and 1998 , 18 GIST patients underwere operation in the Department of Surgery . Twelve of these patients ( 67 % ) had stromal tumors in the stomach , and six ( 33 % ) had intestinal stromal tumors . The primary tumor could be removed in all patients with R0 resection . Six patients developed hematogenous liver metastasis , with the size of their primary tumor exceeding 10 cm . Extrahepatic distant metastases were not found in any case . Lymphadenectomy showed that lymph node metastases did not occur . Histological evaluation was made according to the guidelines of Lewin , Weinstein and Riddell . Currently established therapy is limited to complete surgical resection of the primary tumor and its metastases . Adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy approaches have failed . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: tumors, neoplasias, diagnosis, classification, behavior, patients, operation, Surgery, patients, tumors, stomach, tumors, tumor, patients, patients, liver, metastasis, tumor, metastases, Lymphadenectomy, lymph node, metastases, evaluation, guidelines, Riddell, therapy, surgical, tumor, metastases, Adjuvant, chemotherapy Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( GIST ) , which form a rare group of neoplasias of the gastrointestinal tract , have not yet been fully investigated . Although good progress has been made in their diagnosis , classification of these lesions with regard to their histogenesis and biological behavior remains problematic . Between 1994 and 1998 , 18 GIST patients underwere operation in the Department of Surgery . Twelve of these patients ( 67 % ) had stromal tumors in the stomach , and six ( 33 % ) had intestinal stromal tumors . The primary tumor could be removed in all patients with R0 resection . Six patients developed hematogenous liver metastasis , with the size of their primary tumor exceeding 10 cm . Extrahepatic distant metastases were not found in any case . Lymphadenectomy showed that lymph node metastases did not occur . Histological evaluation was made according to the guidelines of Lewin , Weinstein and Riddell . Currently established therapy is limited to complete surgical resection of the primary tumor and its metastases . Adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy approaches have failed .	[ "Gastrointestinal", "stromal", "tumors", "(", "GIST", ")", ",", "which", "form", "a", "rare", "group", "of", "neoplasias", "of", "the", "gastrointestinal", "tract", ",", "have", "not", "yet", "been", "fully", "investigated", ".", "Although", "good", "progress", "has", "been", "made", "in", "their", "diagnosis", ",", "classification", "of", "these", "lesions", "with", "regard", "to", "their", "histogenesis", "and", "biological", "behavior", "remains", "problematic", ".", "Between", "1994", "and", "1998", ",", "18", "GIST", "patients", "underwere", "operation", "in", "the", "Department", "of", "Surgery", ".", "Twelve", "of", "these", "patients", "(", "67", "%", ")", "had", "stromal", "tumors", "in", "the", "stomach", ",", "and", "six", "(", "33", "%", ")", "had", "intestinal", "stromal", "tumors", ".", "The", "primary", "tumor", "could", "be", "removed", "in", "all", "patients", "with", "R0", "resection", ".", "Six", "patients", "developed", "hematogenous", "liver", "metastasis", ",", "with", "the", "size", "of", "their", "primary", "tumor", "exceeding", "10", "cm", ".", "Extrahepatic", "distant", "metastases", "were", "not", "found", "in", "any", "case", ".", "Lymphadenectomy", "showed", "that", "lymph", "node", "metastases", "did", "not", "occur", ".", "Histological", "evaluation", "was", "made", "according", "to", "the", "guidelines", "of", "Lewin", ",", "Weinstein", "and", "Riddell", ".", "Currently", "established", "therapy", "is", "limited", "to", "complete", "surgical", "resection", "of", "the", "primary", "tumor", "and", "its", "metastases", ".", "Adjuvant", "or", "neoadjuvant", "chemotherapy", "approaches", "have", "failed", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
tumors, neoplasias, diagnosis, classification, behavior, patients, operation, Surgery, patients, tumors, stomach, tumors, tumor, patients, patients, liver, metastasis, tumor, metastases, Lymphadenectomy, lymph node, metastases, evaluation, guidelines, Riddell, therapy, surgical, tumor, metastases, Adjuvant, chemotherapy	DerChirurg.90700807.eng.abstr_task2	Sentence: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( GIST ) , which form a rare group of neoplasias of the gastrointestinal tract , have not yet been fully investigated . Although good progress has been made in their diagnosis , classification of these lesions with regard to their histogenesis and biological behavior remains problematic . Between 1994 and 1998 , 18 GIST patients underwere operation in the Department of Surgery . Twelve of these patients ( 67 % ) had stromal tumors in the stomach , and six ( 33 % ) had intestinal stromal tumors . The primary tumor could be removed in all patients with R0 resection . Six patients developed hematogenous liver metastasis , with the size of their primary tumor exceeding 10 cm . Extrahepatic distant metastases were not found in any case . Lymphadenectomy showed that lymph node metastases did not occur . Histological evaluation was made according to the guidelines of Lewin , Weinstein and Riddell . Currently established therapy is limited to complete surgical resection of the primary tumor and its metastases . Adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy approaches have failed . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( GIST ) , which form a rare group of neoplasias of the gastrointestinal tract , have not yet been fully investigated . Although good progress has been made in their diagnosis , classification of these lesions with regard to their histogenesis and biological behavior remains problematic . Between 1994 and 1998 , 18 GIST patients underwere operation in the Department of Surgery . Twelve of these patients ( 67 % ) had stromal tumors in the stomach , and six ( 33 % ) had intestinal stromal tumors . The primary tumor could be removed in all patients with R0 resection . Six patients developed hematogenous liver metastasis , with the size of their primary tumor exceeding 10 cm . Extrahepatic distant metastases were not found in any case . Lymphadenectomy showed that lymph node metastases did not occur . Histological evaluation was made according to the guidelines of Lewin , Weinstein and Riddell . Currently established therapy is limited to complete surgical resection of the primary tumor and its metastases . Adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy approaches have failed .	[ "Gastrointestinal", "stromal", "tumors", "(", "GIST", ")", ",", "which", "form", "a", "rare", "group", "of", "neoplasias", "of", "the", "gastrointestinal", "tract", ",", "have", "not", "yet", "been", "fully", "investigated", ".", "Although", "good", "progress", "has", "been", "made", "in", "their", "diagnosis", ",", "classification", "of", "these", "lesions", "with", "regard", "to", "their", "histogenesis", "and", "biological", "behavior", "remains", "problematic", ".", "Between", "1994", "and", "1998", ",", "18", "GIST", "patients", "underwere", "operation", "in", "the", "Department", "of", "Surgery", ".", "Twelve", "of", "these", "patients", "(", "67", "%", ")", "had", "stromal", "tumors", "in", "the", "stomach", ",", "and", "six", "(", "33", "%", ")", "had", "intestinal", "stromal", "tumors", ".", "The", "primary", "tumor", "could", "be", "removed", "in", "all", "patients", "with", "R0", "resection", ".", "Six", "patients", "developed", "hematogenous", "liver", "metastasis", ",", "with", "the", "size", "of", "their", "primary", "tumor", "exceeding", "10", "cm", ".", "Extrahepatic", "distant", "metastases", "were", "not", "found", "in", "any", "case", ".", "Lymphadenectomy", "showed", "that", "lymph", "node", "metastases", "did", "not", "occur", ".", "Histological", "evaluation", "was", "made", "according", "to", "the", "guidelines", "of", "Lewin", ",", "Weinstein", "and", "Riddell", ".", "Currently", "established", "therapy", "is", "limited", "to", "complete", "surgical", "resection", "of", "the", "primary", "tumor", "and", "its", "metastases", ".", "Adjuvant", "or", "neoadjuvant", "chemotherapy", "approaches", "have", "failed", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
cytokine expression is an other_name, leukocytes is a cell_type, thrombin - stimulated platelets is a cell_type	61850_task0	Sentence: Induction of cytokine expression in leukocytes by binding of thrombin-stimulated platelets. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: cell_type, other_name	[ "O", "O", "B-other_name", "I-other_name", "O", "B-cell_type", "O", "O", "O", "B-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "O" ]	Induction of cytokine expression in leukocytes by binding of thrombin-stimulated platelets.	[ "Induction", "of", "cytokine", "expression", "in", "leukocytes", "by", "binding", "of", "thrombin", "-", "stimulated", "platelets", "." ]	[ "other_name", "protein_molecule", "cell_type", "tissue", "protein_complex", "protein_family_or_group", "multi_cell" ]
cytokine expression is an other_name, leukocytes is a cell_type, thrombin - stimulated platelets is a cell_type	61850_task1	Sentence: Induction of cytokine expression in leukocytes by binding of thrombin-stimulated platelets. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: cytokine expression, leukocytes, thrombin - stimulated platelets Options: cell_type, other_name	[ "O", "O", "B-other_name", "I-other_name", "O", "B-cell_type", "O", "O", "O", "B-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "O" ]	Induction of cytokine expression in leukocytes by binding of thrombin-stimulated platelets.	[ "Induction", "of", "cytokine", "expression", "in", "leukocytes", "by", "binding", "of", "thrombin", "-", "stimulated", "platelets", "." ]	[ "other_name", "protein_molecule", "cell_type", "tissue", "protein_complex", "protein_family_or_group", "multi_cell" ]
cytokine expression, leukocytes, thrombin - stimulated platelets	61850_task2	Sentence: Induction of cytokine expression in leukocytes by binding of thrombin-stimulated platelets. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "B-other_name", "I-other_name", "O", "B-cell_type", "O", "O", "O", "B-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "O" ]	Induction of cytokine expression in leukocytes by binding of thrombin-stimulated platelets.	[ "Induction", "of", "cytokine", "expression", "in", "leukocytes", "by", "binding", "of", "thrombin", "-", "stimulated", "platelets", "." ]	[ "other_name", "protein_molecule", "cell_type", "tissue", "protein_complex", "protein_family_or_group", "multi_cell" ]
patients is an umlsterm, male is an umlsterm, female is an umlsterm, fractures is an umlsterm, pelvis is an umlsterm, trochanter is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, direct is an umlsterm, trauma is an umlsterm, age is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, sports activities is an umlsterm, anterior is an umlsterm, spine is an umlsterm, fractures is an umlsterm, trochanter is an umlsterm, anterior is an umlsterm, spine is an umlsterm, crest is an umlsterm, diagnosis is an umlsterm, x - ray films is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, pain is an umlsterm, sport activities is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, time is an umlsterm, accident is an umlsterm, pain is an umlsterm, fracture is an umlsterm, sport is an umlsterm, clinical examination is an umlsterm, patient is an umlsterm, range of motion is an umlsterm, joints is an umlsterm, x - rays is an umlsterm, dislocation is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm	DerUnfallchirurg.01030961.eng.abstr_task0	Sentence: From 1978 to 1999 , 22 patients ( 17 male , 5 female ) who suffered apophyseal fractures of the pelvis and femoral lesser trochanter ( 18 patients by avulsion , 4 patients by direct trauma ) were treated . The median age of the patients was 12.5 years ( range , 1-16 years ) . Eighteen patients were injured during sports activities . Predominantly the anterior inferior iliac spine ( n=9) was affected , followed by fractures of the femoral lesser trochanter ( n=3), periacetabular rim ( n=3), anterior superior iliac spine ( n=2), and iliac crest ( n=2), retrospectively . The diagnosis was established using plain x-ray films . The treatment was conservative in 21 patients ( 95% ) and operative in one ( 5% ) . Of the patients , 20 ( 91% ) were followed-up for a median interval of 12 months ( 3 weeks to 84 months ) . At follow-up , 15 patients ( 75% ) reported that they were free of pain during sport activities , while five patients ( 25% ) , at an average time of 33 months after accident , complained of pain at the former fracture site when exercising vigorously during sport . At clinical examination no patient was found suffering from limitation of ROM ( range of motion ) , adjacent joints , or muscular insufficiency . Plain x-rays of affected apophyses confirmed good consolidation and dislocation of not more than 3 cm in all patients . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]	From 1978 to 1999 , 22 patients ( 17 male , 5 female ) who suffered apophyseal fractures of the pelvis and femoral lesser trochanter ( 18 patients by avulsion , 4 patients by direct trauma ) were treated . The median age of the patients was 12.5 years ( range , 1-16 years ) . Eighteen patients were injured during sports activities . Predominantly the anterior inferior iliac spine ( n=9) was affected , followed by fractures of the femoral lesser trochanter ( n=3), periacetabular rim ( n=3), anterior superior iliac spine ( n=2), and iliac crest ( n=2), retrospectively . The diagnosis was established using plain x-ray films . The treatment was conservative in 21 patients ( 95% ) and operative in one ( 5% ) . Of the patients , 20 ( 91% ) were followed-up for a median interval of 12 months ( 3 weeks to 84 months ) . At follow-up , 15 patients ( 75% ) reported that they were free of pain during sport activities , while five patients ( 25% ) , at an average time of 33 months after accident , complained of pain at the former fracture site when exercising vigorously during sport . At clinical examination no patient was found suffering from limitation of ROM ( range of motion ) , adjacent joints , or muscular insufficiency . Plain x-rays of affected apophyses confirmed good consolidation and dislocation of not more than 3 cm in all patients .	[ "From", "1978", "to", "1999", ",", "22", "patients", "(", "17", "male", ",", "5", "female", ")", "who", "suffered", "apophyseal", "fractures", "of", "the", "pelvis", "and", "femoral", "lesser", "trochanter", "(", "18", "patients", "by", "avulsion", ",", "4", "patients", "by", "direct", "trauma", ")", "were", "treated", ".", "The", "median", "age", "of", "the", "patients", "was", "12.5", "years", "(", "range", ",", "1", "-", "16", "years", ")", ".", "Eighteen", "patients", "were", "injured", "during", "sports", "activities", ".", "Predominantly", "the", "anterior", "inferior", "iliac", "spine", "(", "n=9", ")", "was", "affected", ",", "followed", "by", "fractures", "of", "the", "femoral", "lesser", "trochanter", "(", "n=3", ")", ",", "periacetabular", "rim", "(", "n=3", ")", ",", "anterior", "superior", "iliac", "spine", "(", "n=2", ")", ",", "and", "iliac", "crest", "(", "n=2", ")", ",", "retrospectively", ".", "The", "diagnosis", "was", "established", "using", "plain", "x", "-", "ray", "films", ".", "The", "treatment", "was", "conservative", "in", "21", "patients", "(", "95", "%", ")", "and", "operative", "in", "one", "(", "5", "%", ")", ".", "Of", "the", "patients", ",", "20", "(", "91", "%", ")", "were", "followed", "-", "up", "for", "a", "median", "interval", "of", "12", "months", "(", "3", "weeks", "to", "84", "months", ")", ".", "At", "follow", "-", "up", ",", "15", "patients", "(", "75", "%", ")", "reported", "that", "they", "were", "free", "of", "pain", "during", "sport", "activities", ",", "while", "five", "patients", "(", "25", "%", ")", ",", "at", "an", "average", "time", "of", "33", "months", "after", "accident", ",", "complained", "of", "pain", "at", "the", "former", "fracture", "site", "when", "exercising", "vigorously", "during", "sport", ".", "At", "clinical", "examination", "no", "patient", "was", "found", "suffering", "from", "limitation", "of", "ROM", "(", "range", "of", "motion", ")", ",", "adjacent", "joints", ",", "or", "muscular", "insufficiency", ".", "Plain", "x", "-", "rays", "of", "affected", "apophyses", "confirmed", "good", "consolidation", "and", "dislocation", "of", "not", "more", "than", "3", "cm", "in", "all", "patients", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
patients is an umlsterm, male is an umlsterm, female is an umlsterm, fractures is an umlsterm, pelvis is an umlsterm, trochanter is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, direct is an umlsterm, trauma is an umlsterm, age is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, sports activities is an umlsterm, anterior is an umlsterm, spine is an umlsterm, fractures is an umlsterm, trochanter is an umlsterm, anterior is an umlsterm, spine is an umlsterm, crest is an umlsterm, diagnosis is an umlsterm, x - ray films is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, pain is an umlsterm, sport activities is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, time is an umlsterm, accident is an umlsterm, pain is an umlsterm, fracture is an umlsterm, sport is an umlsterm, clinical examination is an umlsterm, patient is an umlsterm, range of motion is an umlsterm, joints is an umlsterm, x - rays is an umlsterm, dislocation is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm	DerUnfallchirurg.01030961.eng.abstr_task1	Sentence: From 1978 to 1999 , 22 patients ( 17 male , 5 female ) who suffered apophyseal fractures of the pelvis and femoral lesser trochanter ( 18 patients by avulsion , 4 patients by direct trauma ) were treated . The median age of the patients was 12.5 years ( range , 1-16 years ) . Eighteen patients were injured during sports activities . Predominantly the anterior inferior iliac spine ( n=9) was affected , followed by fractures of the femoral lesser trochanter ( n=3), periacetabular rim ( n=3), anterior superior iliac spine ( n=2), and iliac crest ( n=2), retrospectively . The diagnosis was established using plain x-ray films . The treatment was conservative in 21 patients ( 95% ) and operative in one ( 5% ) . Of the patients , 20 ( 91% ) were followed-up for a median interval of 12 months ( 3 weeks to 84 months ) . At follow-up , 15 patients ( 75% ) reported that they were free of pain during sport activities , while five patients ( 25% ) , at an average time of 33 months after accident , complained of pain at the former fracture site when exercising vigorously during sport . At clinical examination no patient was found suffering from limitation of ROM ( range of motion ) , adjacent joints , or muscular insufficiency . Plain x-rays of affected apophyses confirmed good consolidation and dislocation of not more than 3 cm in all patients . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: patients, male, female, fractures, pelvis, trochanter, patients, patients, direct, trauma, age, patients, patients, sports activities, anterior, spine, fractures, trochanter, anterior, spine, crest, diagnosis, x - ray films, treatment, patients, patients, patients, pain, sport activities, patients, time, accident, pain, fracture, sport, clinical examination, patient, range of motion, joints, x - rays, dislocation, patients Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]	From 1978 to 1999 , 22 patients ( 17 male , 5 female ) who suffered apophyseal fractures of the pelvis and femoral lesser trochanter ( 18 patients by avulsion , 4 patients by direct trauma ) were treated . The median age of the patients was 12.5 years ( range , 1-16 years ) . Eighteen patients were injured during sports activities . Predominantly the anterior inferior iliac spine ( n=9) was affected , followed by fractures of the femoral lesser trochanter ( n=3), periacetabular rim ( n=3), anterior superior iliac spine ( n=2), and iliac crest ( n=2), retrospectively . The diagnosis was established using plain x-ray films . The treatment was conservative in 21 patients ( 95% ) and operative in one ( 5% ) . Of the patients , 20 ( 91% ) were followed-up for a median interval of 12 months ( 3 weeks to 84 months ) . At follow-up , 15 patients ( 75% ) reported that they were free of pain during sport activities , while five patients ( 25% ) , at an average time of 33 months after accident , complained of pain at the former fracture site when exercising vigorously during sport . At clinical examination no patient was found suffering from limitation of ROM ( range of motion ) , adjacent joints , or muscular insufficiency . Plain x-rays of affected apophyses confirmed good consolidation and dislocation of not more than 3 cm in all patients .	[ "From", "1978", "to", "1999", ",", "22", "patients", "(", "17", "male", ",", "5", "female", ")", "who", "suffered", "apophyseal", "fractures", "of", "the", "pelvis", "and", "femoral", "lesser", "trochanter", "(", "18", "patients", "by", "avulsion", ",", "4", "patients", "by", "direct", "trauma", ")", "were", "treated", ".", "The", "median", "age", "of", "the", "patients", "was", "12.5", "years", "(", "range", ",", "1", "-", "16", "years", ")", ".", "Eighteen", "patients", "were", "injured", "during", "sports", "activities", ".", "Predominantly", "the", "anterior", "inferior", "iliac", "spine", "(", "n=9", ")", "was", "affected", ",", "followed", "by", "fractures", "of", "the", "femoral", "lesser", "trochanter", "(", "n=3", ")", ",", "periacetabular", "rim", "(", "n=3", ")", ",", "anterior", "superior", "iliac", "spine", "(", "n=2", ")", ",", "and", "iliac", "crest", "(", "n=2", ")", ",", "retrospectively", ".", "The", "diagnosis", "was", "established", "using", "plain", "x", "-", "ray", "films", ".", "The", "treatment", "was", "conservative", "in", "21", "patients", "(", "95", "%", ")", "and", "operative", "in", "one", "(", "5", "%", ")", ".", "Of", "the", "patients", ",", "20", "(", "91", "%", ")", "were", "followed", "-", "up", "for", "a", "median", "interval", "of", "12", "months", "(", "3", "weeks", "to", "84", "months", ")", ".", "At", "follow", "-", "up", ",", "15", "patients", "(", "75", "%", ")", "reported", "that", "they", "were", "free", "of", "pain", "during", "sport", "activities", ",", "while", "five", "patients", "(", "25", "%", ")", ",", "at", "an", "average", "time", "of", "33", "months", "after", "accident", ",", "complained", "of", "pain", "at", "the", "former", "fracture", "site", "when", "exercising", "vigorously", "during", "sport", ".", "At", "clinical", "examination", "no", "patient", "was", "found", "suffering", "from", "limitation", "of", "ROM", "(", "range", "of", "motion", ")", ",", "adjacent", "joints", ",", "or", "muscular", "insufficiency", ".", "Plain", "x", "-", "rays", "of", "affected", "apophyses", "confirmed", "good", "consolidation", "and", "dislocation", "of", "not", "more", "than", "3", "cm", "in", "all", "patients", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
patients, male, female, fractures, pelvis, trochanter, patients, patients, direct, trauma, age, patients, patients, sports activities, anterior, spine, fractures, trochanter, anterior, spine, crest, diagnosis, x - ray films, treatment, patients, patients, patients, pain, sport activities, patients, time, accident, pain, fracture, sport, clinical examination, patient, range of motion, joints, x - rays, dislocation, patients	DerUnfallchirurg.01030961.eng.abstr_task2	Sentence: From 1978 to 1999 , 22 patients ( 17 male , 5 female ) who suffered apophyseal fractures of the pelvis and femoral lesser trochanter ( 18 patients by avulsion , 4 patients by direct trauma ) were treated . The median age of the patients was 12.5 years ( range , 1-16 years ) . Eighteen patients were injured during sports activities . Predominantly the anterior inferior iliac spine ( n=9) was affected , followed by fractures of the femoral lesser trochanter ( n=3), periacetabular rim ( n=3), anterior superior iliac spine ( n=2), and iliac crest ( n=2), retrospectively . The diagnosis was established using plain x-ray films . The treatment was conservative in 21 patients ( 95% ) and operative in one ( 5% ) . Of the patients , 20 ( 91% ) were followed-up for a median interval of 12 months ( 3 weeks to 84 months ) . At follow-up , 15 patients ( 75% ) reported that they were free of pain during sport activities , while five patients ( 25% ) , at an average time of 33 months after accident , complained of pain at the former fracture site when exercising vigorously during sport . At clinical examination no patient was found suffering from limitation of ROM ( range of motion ) , adjacent joints , or muscular insufficiency . Plain x-rays of affected apophyses confirmed good consolidation and dislocation of not more than 3 cm in all patients . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]	From 1978 to 1999 , 22 patients ( 17 male , 5 female ) who suffered apophyseal fractures of the pelvis and femoral lesser trochanter ( 18 patients by avulsion , 4 patients by direct trauma ) were treated . The median age of the patients was 12.5 years ( range , 1-16 years ) . Eighteen patients were injured during sports activities . Predominantly the anterior inferior iliac spine ( n=9) was affected , followed by fractures of the femoral lesser trochanter ( n=3), periacetabular rim ( n=3), anterior superior iliac spine ( n=2), and iliac crest ( n=2), retrospectively . The diagnosis was established using plain x-ray films . The treatment was conservative in 21 patients ( 95% ) and operative in one ( 5% ) . Of the patients , 20 ( 91% ) were followed-up for a median interval of 12 months ( 3 weeks to 84 months ) . At follow-up , 15 patients ( 75% ) reported that they were free of pain during sport activities , while five patients ( 25% ) , at an average time of 33 months after accident , complained of pain at the former fracture site when exercising vigorously during sport . At clinical examination no patient was found suffering from limitation of ROM ( range of motion ) , adjacent joints , or muscular insufficiency . Plain x-rays of affected apophyses confirmed good consolidation and dislocation of not more than 3 cm in all patients .	[ "From", "1978", "to", "1999", ",", "22", "patients", "(", "17", "male", ",", "5", "female", ")", "who", "suffered", "apophyseal", "fractures", "of", "the", "pelvis", "and", "femoral", "lesser", "trochanter", "(", "18", "patients", "by", "avulsion", ",", "4", "patients", "by", "direct", "trauma", ")", "were", "treated", ".", "The", "median", "age", "of", "the", "patients", "was", "12.5", "years", "(", "range", ",", "1", "-", "16", "years", ")", ".", "Eighteen", "patients", "were", "injured", "during", "sports", "activities", ".", "Predominantly", "the", "anterior", "inferior", "iliac", "spine", "(", "n=9", ")", "was", "affected", ",", "followed", "by", "fractures", "of", "the", "femoral", "lesser", "trochanter", "(", "n=3", ")", ",", "periacetabular", "rim", "(", "n=3", ")", ",", "anterior", "superior", "iliac", "spine", "(", "n=2", ")", ",", "and", "iliac", "crest", "(", "n=2", ")", ",", "retrospectively", ".", "The", "diagnosis", "was", "established", "using", "plain", "x", "-", "ray", "films", ".", "The", "treatment", "was", "conservative", "in", "21", "patients", "(", "95", "%", ")", "and", "operative", "in", "one", "(", "5", "%", ")", ".", "Of", "the", "patients", ",", "20", "(", "91", "%", ")", "were", "followed", "-", "up", "for", "a", "median", "interval", "of", "12", "months", "(", "3", "weeks", "to", "84", "months", ")", ".", "At", "follow", "-", "up", ",", "15", "patients", "(", "75", "%", ")", "reported", "that", "they", "were", "free", "of", "pain", "during", "sport", "activities", ",", "while", "five", "patients", "(", "25", "%", ")", ",", "at", "an", "average", "time", "of", "33", "months", "after", "accident", ",", "complained", "of", "pain", "at", "the", "former", "fracture", "site", "when", "exercising", "vigorously", "during", "sport", ".", "At", "clinical", "examination", "no", "patient", "was", "found", "suffering", "from", "limitation", "of", "ROM", "(", "range", "of", "motion", ")", ",", "adjacent", "joints", ",", "or", "muscular", "insufficiency", ".", "Plain", "x", "-", "rays", "of", "affected", "apophyses", "confirmed", "good", "consolidation", "and", "dislocation", "of", "not", "more", "than", "3", "cm", "in", "all", "patients", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
physician intervention is an intervention, anxiety symptom levels is an outcome, functioning status is an outcome	846_task0	Sentence: A physician intervention served the dual function of 1 ) providing an educational demonstration of anxiety in the primary care setting and 2 ) providing a reporting system for summarizing the anxiety symptom levels and functioning status of the patients enrolled in the study . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: intervention, outcome	[ "O", "B-intervention", "I-intervention", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "O", "B-outcome", "I-outcome", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	A physician intervention served the dual function of 1 ) providing an educational demonstration of anxiety in the primary care setting and 2 ) providing a reporting system for summarizing the anxiety symptom levels and functioning status of the patients enrolled in the study .	[ "A", "physician", "intervention", "served", "the", "dual", "function", "of", "1", ")", "providing", "an", "educational", "demonstration", "of", "anxiety", "in", "the", "primary", "care", "setting", "and", "2", ")", "providing", "a", "reporting", "system", "for", "summarizing", "the", "anxiety", "symptom", "levels", "and", "functioning", "status", "of", "the", "patients", "enrolled", "in", "the", "study", "." ]	[ "intervention", "outcome" ]
physician intervention is an intervention, anxiety symptom levels is an outcome, functioning status is an outcome	846_task1	Sentence: A physician intervention served the dual function of 1 ) providing an educational demonstration of anxiety in the primary care setting and 2 ) providing a reporting system for summarizing the anxiety symptom levels and functioning status of the patients enrolled in the study . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: physician intervention, anxiety symptom levels, functioning status Options: intervention, outcome	[ "O", "B-intervention", "I-intervention", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "O", "B-outcome", "I-outcome", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	A physician intervention served the dual function of 1 ) providing an educational demonstration of anxiety in the primary care setting and 2 ) providing a reporting system for summarizing the anxiety symptom levels and functioning status of the patients enrolled in the study .	[ "A", "physician", "intervention", "served", "the", "dual", "function", "of", "1", ")", "providing", "an", "educational", "demonstration", "of", "anxiety", "in", "the", "primary", "care", "setting", "and", "2", ")", "providing", "a", "reporting", "system", "for", "summarizing", "the", "anxiety", "symptom", "levels", "and", "functioning", "status", "of", "the", "patients", "enrolled", "in", "the", "study", "." ]	[ "intervention", "outcome" ]
physician intervention, anxiety symptom levels, functioning status	846_task2	Sentence: A physician intervention served the dual function of 1 ) providing an educational demonstration of anxiety in the primary care setting and 2 ) providing a reporting system for summarizing the anxiety symptom levels and functioning status of the patients enrolled in the study . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "B-intervention", "I-intervention", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "O", "B-outcome", "I-outcome", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	A physician intervention served the dual function of 1 ) providing an educational demonstration of anxiety in the primary care setting and 2 ) providing a reporting system for summarizing the anxiety symptom levels and functioning status of the patients enrolled in the study .	[ "A", "physician", "intervention", "served", "the", "dual", "function", "of", "1", ")", "providing", "an", "educational", "demonstration", "of", "anxiety", "in", "the", "primary", "care", "setting", "and", "2", ")", "providing", "a", "reporting", "system", "for", "summarizing", "the", "anxiety", "symptom", "levels", "and", "functioning", "status", "of", "the", "patients", "enrolled", "in", "the", "study", "." ]	[ "intervention", "outcome" ]
" low - dose " hydrocortisone is a Intervention_Pharmacological, septic shock : is a Participant_Condition, placebo - controlled is a Intervention_Control, adrenal insufficiency is a Participant_Condition, 40 is a Participant_Sample-size, Hydrocortisone is a Intervention_Pharmacological, mean arterial pressure , systemic vascular resistance is a Outcome_Physical, heart rate is a Outcome_Physical, cardiac index is a Outcome_Physical, norepinephrine requirement is a Outcome_Other, plasma nitrite / nitrate is a Outcome_Physical, nitric oxide formation is a Outcome_Physical, reduction of vasopressor support is a Outcome_Physical, inflammatory response ( interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 ) is a Outcome_Physical, endothelial ( soluble E - selectin ) is a Outcome_Physical, neutrophil activation is a Outcome_Physical, antiinflammatory response is a Outcome_Physical, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II and interleukin-10 is a Outcome_Physical, human leukocyte antigen - DR expression is a Outcome_Physical, in vitro phagocytosis is a Outcome_Physical, monocyte - activating cytokine interleukin-12 is a Outcome_Physical, hemodynamic and immunologic rebound effects . is a Outcome_Adverse-effects, hemodynamic stability is a Outcome_Physical, immunologic response to stress is a Outcome_Physical	11127_task0	Sentence: Immunologic and hemodynamic effects of " low-dose " hydrocortisone in septic shock : a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , crossover study . Within the last few years , increasing evidence of relative adrenal insufficiency in septic shock evoked a reassessment of hydrocortisone therapy . To evaluate the effects of hydrocortisone on the balance between proinflammatory and antiinflammation , 40 patients with septic shock were randomized in a double-blind crossover study to receive either the first 100 mg of hydrocortisone as a loading dose and 10 mg per hour until Day 3 ( n = 20 ) or placebo ( n = 20 ) , followed by the opposite medication until Day 6 . Hydrocortisone infusion induced an increase of mean arterial pressure , systemic vascular resistance , and a decline of heart rate , cardiac index , and norepinephrine requirement . A reduction of plasma nitrite/nitrate indicated inhibition of nitric oxide formation and correlated with a reduction of vasopressor support . The inflammatory response ( interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 ) , endothelial ( soluble E-selectin ) and neutrophil activation ( expression of CD11b , CD64 ) , and antiinflammatory response ( soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II and interleukin-10 ) were attenuated . In peripheral blood monocytes , human leukocyte antigen-DR expression was only slightly depressed , whereas in vitro phagocytosis and the monocyte-activating cytokine interleukin-12 increased . Hydrocortisone withdrawal induced hemodynamic and immunologic rebound effects . In conclusion , hydrocortisone therapy restored hemodynamic stability and differentially modulated the immunologic response to stress in a way of antiinflammation rather than immunosuppression . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Outcome_Adverse-effects, Intervention_Control, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size, Outcome_Other	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Immunologic and hemodynamic effects of " low-dose " hydrocortisone in septic shock : a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , crossover study . Within the last few years , increasing evidence of relative adrenal insufficiency in septic shock evoked a reassessment of hydrocortisone therapy . To evaluate the effects of hydrocortisone on the balance between proinflammatory and antiinflammation , 40 patients with septic shock were randomized in a double-blind crossover study to receive either the first 100 mg of hydrocortisone as a loading dose and 10 mg per hour until Day 3 ( n = 20 ) or placebo ( n = 20 ) , followed by the opposite medication until Day 6 . Hydrocortisone infusion induced an increase of mean arterial pressure , systemic vascular resistance , and a decline of heart rate , cardiac index , and norepinephrine requirement . A reduction of plasma nitrite/nitrate indicated inhibition of nitric oxide formation and correlated with a reduction of vasopressor support . The inflammatory response ( interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 ) , endothelial ( soluble E-selectin ) and neutrophil activation ( expression of CD11b , CD64 ) , and antiinflammatory response ( soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II and interleukin-10 ) were attenuated . In peripheral blood monocytes , human leukocyte antigen-DR expression was only slightly depressed , whereas in vitro phagocytosis and the monocyte-activating cytokine interleukin-12 increased . Hydrocortisone withdrawal induced hemodynamic and immunologic rebound effects . In conclusion , hydrocortisone therapy restored hemodynamic stability and differentially modulated the immunologic response to stress in a way of antiinflammation rather than immunosuppression .	[ "Immunologic", "and", "hemodynamic", "effects", "of", "\"", "low", "-", "dose", "\"", "hydrocortisone", "in", "septic", "shock", ":", "a", "double", "-", "blind", ",", "randomized", ",", "placebo", "-", "controlled", ",", "crossover", "study", ".", "Within", "the", "last", "few", "years", ",", "increasing", "evidence", "of", "relative", "adrenal", "insufficiency", "in", "septic", "shock", "evoked", "a", "reassessment", "of", "hydrocortisone", "therapy", ".", "To", "evaluate", "the", "effects", "of", "hydrocortisone", "on", "the", "balance", "between", "proinflammatory", "and", "antiinflammation", ",", "40", "patients", "with", "septic", "shock", "were", "randomized", "in", "a", "double", "-", "blind", "crossover", "study", "to", "receive", "either", "the", "first", "100", "mg", "of", "hydrocortisone", "as", "a", "loading", "dose", "and", "10", "mg", "per", "hour", "until", "Day", "3", "(", "n", "=", "20", ")", "or", "placebo", "(", "n", "=", "20", ")", ",", "followed", "by", "the", "opposite", "medication", "until", "Day", "6", ".", "Hydrocortisone", "infusion", "induced", "an", "increase", "of", "mean", "arterial", "pressure", ",", "systemic", "vascular", "resistance", ",", "and", "a", "decline", "of", "heart", "rate", ",", "cardiac", "index", ",", "and", "norepinephrine", "requirement", ".", "A", "reduction", "of", "plasma", "nitrite", "/", "nitrate", "indicated", "inhibition", "of", "nitric", "oxide", "formation", "and", "correlated", "with", "a", "reduction", "of", "vasopressor", "support", ".", "The", "inflammatory", "response", "(", "interleukin-6", "and", "interleukin-8", ")", ",", "endothelial", "(", "soluble", "E", "-", "selectin", ")", "and", "neutrophil", "activation", "(", "expression", "of", "CD11b", ",", "CD64", ")", ",", "and", "antiinflammatory", "response", "(", "soluble", "tumor", "necrosis", "factor", "receptors", "I", "and", "II", "and", "interleukin-10", ")", "were", "attenuated", ".", "In", "peripheral", "blood", "monocytes", ",", "human", "leukocyte", "antigen", "-", "DR", "expression", "was", "only", "slightly", "depressed", ",", "whereas", "in", "vitro", "phagocytosis", "and", "the", "monocyte", "-", "activating", "cytokine", "interleukin-12", "increased", ".", "Hydrocortisone", "withdrawal", "induced", "hemodynamic", "and", "immunologic", "rebound", "effects", ".", "In", "conclusion", ",", "hydrocortisone", "therapy", "restored", "hemodynamic", "stability", "and", "differentially", "modulated", "the", "immunologic", "response", "to", "stress", "in", "a", "way", "of", "antiinflammation", "rather", "than", "immunosuppression", "." ]	[ "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Outcome_Other", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Control", "Participant_Sample-size" ]
" low - dose " hydrocortisone is a Intervention_Pharmacological, septic shock : is a Participant_Condition, placebo - controlled is a Intervention_Control, adrenal insufficiency is a Participant_Condition, 40 is a Participant_Sample-size, Hydrocortisone is a Intervention_Pharmacological, mean arterial pressure , systemic vascular resistance is a Outcome_Physical, heart rate is a Outcome_Physical, cardiac index is a Outcome_Physical, norepinephrine requirement is a Outcome_Other, plasma nitrite / nitrate is a Outcome_Physical, nitric oxide formation is a Outcome_Physical, reduction of vasopressor support is a Outcome_Physical, inflammatory response ( interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 ) is a Outcome_Physical, endothelial ( soluble E - selectin ) is a Outcome_Physical, neutrophil activation is a Outcome_Physical, antiinflammatory response is a Outcome_Physical, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II and interleukin-10 is a Outcome_Physical, human leukocyte antigen - DR expression is a Outcome_Physical, in vitro phagocytosis is a Outcome_Physical, monocyte - activating cytokine interleukin-12 is a Outcome_Physical, hemodynamic and immunologic rebound effects . is a Outcome_Adverse-effects, hemodynamic stability is a Outcome_Physical, immunologic response to stress is a Outcome_Physical	11127_task1	Sentence: Immunologic and hemodynamic effects of " low-dose " hydrocortisone in septic shock : a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , crossover study . Within the last few years , increasing evidence of relative adrenal insufficiency in septic shock evoked a reassessment of hydrocortisone therapy . To evaluate the effects of hydrocortisone on the balance between proinflammatory and antiinflammation , 40 patients with septic shock were randomized in a double-blind crossover study to receive either the first 100 mg of hydrocortisone as a loading dose and 10 mg per hour until Day 3 ( n = 20 ) or placebo ( n = 20 ) , followed by the opposite medication until Day 6 . Hydrocortisone infusion induced an increase of mean arterial pressure , systemic vascular resistance , and a decline of heart rate , cardiac index , and norepinephrine requirement . A reduction of plasma nitrite/nitrate indicated inhibition of nitric oxide formation and correlated with a reduction of vasopressor support . The inflammatory response ( interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 ) , endothelial ( soluble E-selectin ) and neutrophil activation ( expression of CD11b , CD64 ) , and antiinflammatory response ( soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II and interleukin-10 ) were attenuated . In peripheral blood monocytes , human leukocyte antigen-DR expression was only slightly depressed , whereas in vitro phagocytosis and the monocyte-activating cytokine interleukin-12 increased . Hydrocortisone withdrawal induced hemodynamic and immunologic rebound effects . In conclusion , hydrocortisone therapy restored hemodynamic stability and differentially modulated the immunologic response to stress in a way of antiinflammation rather than immunosuppression . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: " low - dose " hydrocortisone, septic shock :, placebo - controlled, adrenal insufficiency, 40, Hydrocortisone, mean arterial pressure , systemic vascular resistance, heart rate, cardiac index, norepinephrine requirement, plasma nitrite / nitrate, nitric oxide formation, reduction of vasopressor support, inflammatory response ( interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 ), endothelial ( soluble E - selectin ), neutrophil activation, antiinflammatory response, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II and interleukin-10, human leukocyte antigen - DR expression, in vitro phagocytosis, monocyte - activating cytokine interleukin-12, hemodynamic and immunologic rebound effects ., hemodynamic stability, immunologic response to stress Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Outcome_Adverse-effects, Intervention_Control, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size, Outcome_Other	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Immunologic and hemodynamic effects of " low-dose " hydrocortisone in septic shock : a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , crossover study . Within the last few years , increasing evidence of relative adrenal insufficiency in septic shock evoked a reassessment of hydrocortisone therapy . To evaluate the effects of hydrocortisone on the balance between proinflammatory and antiinflammation , 40 patients with septic shock were randomized in a double-blind crossover study to receive either the first 100 mg of hydrocortisone as a loading dose and 10 mg per hour until Day 3 ( n = 20 ) or placebo ( n = 20 ) , followed by the opposite medication until Day 6 . Hydrocortisone infusion induced an increase of mean arterial pressure , systemic vascular resistance , and a decline of heart rate , cardiac index , and norepinephrine requirement . A reduction of plasma nitrite/nitrate indicated inhibition of nitric oxide formation and correlated with a reduction of vasopressor support . The inflammatory response ( interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 ) , endothelial ( soluble E-selectin ) and neutrophil activation ( expression of CD11b , CD64 ) , and antiinflammatory response ( soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II and interleukin-10 ) were attenuated . In peripheral blood monocytes , human leukocyte antigen-DR expression was only slightly depressed , whereas in vitro phagocytosis and the monocyte-activating cytokine interleukin-12 increased . Hydrocortisone withdrawal induced hemodynamic and immunologic rebound effects . In conclusion , hydrocortisone therapy restored hemodynamic stability and differentially modulated the immunologic response to stress in a way of antiinflammation rather than immunosuppression .	[ "Immunologic", "and", "hemodynamic", "effects", "of", "\"", "low", "-", "dose", "\"", "hydrocortisone", "in", "septic", "shock", ":", "a", "double", "-", "blind", ",", "randomized", ",", "placebo", "-", "controlled", ",", "crossover", "study", ".", "Within", "the", "last", "few", "years", ",", "increasing", "evidence", "of", "relative", "adrenal", "insufficiency", "in", "septic", "shock", "evoked", "a", "reassessment", "of", "hydrocortisone", "therapy", ".", "To", "evaluate", "the", "effects", "of", "hydrocortisone", "on", "the", "balance", "between", "proinflammatory", "and", "antiinflammation", ",", "40", "patients", "with", "septic", "shock", "were", "randomized", "in", "a", "double", "-", "blind", "crossover", "study", "to", "receive", "either", "the", "first", "100", "mg", "of", "hydrocortisone", "as", "a", "loading", "dose", "and", "10", "mg", "per", "hour", "until", "Day", "3", "(", "n", "=", "20", ")", "or", "placebo", "(", "n", "=", "20", ")", ",", "followed", "by", "the", "opposite", "medication", "until", "Day", "6", ".", "Hydrocortisone", "infusion", "induced", "an", "increase", "of", "mean", "arterial", "pressure", ",", "systemic", "vascular", "resistance", ",", "and", "a", "decline", "of", "heart", "rate", ",", "cardiac", "index", ",", "and", "norepinephrine", "requirement", ".", "A", "reduction", "of", "plasma", "nitrite", "/", "nitrate", "indicated", "inhibition", "of", "nitric", "oxide", "formation", "and", "correlated", "with", "a", "reduction", "of", "vasopressor", "support", ".", "The", "inflammatory", "response", "(", "interleukin-6", "and", "interleukin-8", ")", ",", "endothelial", "(", "soluble", "E", "-", "selectin", ")", "and", "neutrophil", "activation", "(", "expression", "of", "CD11b", ",", "CD64", ")", ",", "and", "antiinflammatory", "response", "(", "soluble", "tumor", "necrosis", "factor", "receptors", "I", "and", "II", "and", "interleukin-10", ")", "were", "attenuated", ".", "In", "peripheral", "blood", "monocytes", ",", "human", "leukocyte", "antigen", "-", "DR", "expression", "was", "only", "slightly", "depressed", ",", "whereas", "in", "vitro", "phagocytosis", "and", "the", "monocyte", "-", "activating", "cytokine", "interleukin-12", "increased", ".", "Hydrocortisone", "withdrawal", "induced", "hemodynamic", "and", "immunologic", "rebound", "effects", ".", "In", "conclusion", ",", "hydrocortisone", "therapy", "restored", "hemodynamic", "stability", "and", "differentially", "modulated", "the", "immunologic", "response", "to", "stress", "in", "a", "way", "of", "antiinflammation", "rather", "than", "immunosuppression", "." ]	[ "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Outcome_Other", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Control", "Participant_Sample-size" ]
" low - dose " hydrocortisone, septic shock :, placebo - controlled, adrenal insufficiency, 40, Hydrocortisone, mean arterial pressure , systemic vascular resistance, heart rate, cardiac index, norepinephrine requirement, plasma nitrite / nitrate, nitric oxide formation, reduction of vasopressor support, inflammatory response ( interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 ), endothelial ( soluble E - selectin ), neutrophil activation, antiinflammatory response, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II and interleukin-10, human leukocyte antigen - DR expression, in vitro phagocytosis, monocyte - activating cytokine interleukin-12, hemodynamic and immunologic rebound effects ., hemodynamic stability, immunologic response to stress	11127_task2	Sentence: Immunologic and hemodynamic effects of " low-dose " hydrocortisone in septic shock : a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , crossover study . Within the last few years , increasing evidence of relative adrenal insufficiency in septic shock evoked a reassessment of hydrocortisone therapy . To evaluate the effects of hydrocortisone on the balance between proinflammatory and antiinflammation , 40 patients with septic shock were randomized in a double-blind crossover study to receive either the first 100 mg of hydrocortisone as a loading dose and 10 mg per hour until Day 3 ( n = 20 ) or placebo ( n = 20 ) , followed by the opposite medication until Day 6 . Hydrocortisone infusion induced an increase of mean arterial pressure , systemic vascular resistance , and a decline of heart rate , cardiac index , and norepinephrine requirement . A reduction of plasma nitrite/nitrate indicated inhibition of nitric oxide formation and correlated with a reduction of vasopressor support . The inflammatory response ( interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 ) , endothelial ( soluble E-selectin ) and neutrophil activation ( expression of CD11b , CD64 ) , and antiinflammatory response ( soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II and interleukin-10 ) were attenuated . In peripheral blood monocytes , human leukocyte antigen-DR expression was only slightly depressed , whereas in vitro phagocytosis and the monocyte-activating cytokine interleukin-12 increased . Hydrocortisone withdrawal induced hemodynamic and immunologic rebound effects . In conclusion , hydrocortisone therapy restored hemodynamic stability and differentially modulated the immunologic response to stress in a way of antiinflammation rather than immunosuppression . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Immunologic and hemodynamic effects of " low-dose " hydrocortisone in septic shock : a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , crossover study . Within the last few years , increasing evidence of relative adrenal insufficiency in septic shock evoked a reassessment of hydrocortisone therapy . To evaluate the effects of hydrocortisone on the balance between proinflammatory and antiinflammation , 40 patients with septic shock were randomized in a double-blind crossover study to receive either the first 100 mg of hydrocortisone as a loading dose and 10 mg per hour until Day 3 ( n = 20 ) or placebo ( n = 20 ) , followed by the opposite medication until Day 6 . Hydrocortisone infusion induced an increase of mean arterial pressure , systemic vascular resistance , and a decline of heart rate , cardiac index , and norepinephrine requirement . A reduction of plasma nitrite/nitrate indicated inhibition of nitric oxide formation and correlated with a reduction of vasopressor support . The inflammatory response ( interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 ) , endothelial ( soluble E-selectin ) and neutrophil activation ( expression of CD11b , CD64 ) , and antiinflammatory response ( soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II and interleukin-10 ) were attenuated . In peripheral blood monocytes , human leukocyte antigen-DR expression was only slightly depressed , whereas in vitro phagocytosis and the monocyte-activating cytokine interleukin-12 increased . Hydrocortisone withdrawal induced hemodynamic and immunologic rebound effects . In conclusion , hydrocortisone therapy restored hemodynamic stability and differentially modulated the immunologic response to stress in a way of antiinflammation rather than immunosuppression .	[ "Immunologic", "and", "hemodynamic", "effects", "of", "\"", "low", "-", "dose", "\"", "hydrocortisone", "in", "septic", "shock", ":", "a", "double", "-", "blind", ",", "randomized", ",", "placebo", "-", "controlled", ",", "crossover", "study", ".", "Within", "the", "last", "few", "years", ",", "increasing", "evidence", "of", "relative", "adrenal", "insufficiency", "in", "septic", "shock", "evoked", "a", "reassessment", "of", "hydrocortisone", "therapy", ".", "To", "evaluate", "the", "effects", "of", "hydrocortisone", "on", "the", "balance", "between", "proinflammatory", "and", "antiinflammation", ",", "40", "patients", "with", "septic", "shock", "were", "randomized", "in", "a", "double", "-", "blind", "crossover", "study", "to", "receive", "either", "the", "first", "100", "mg", "of", "hydrocortisone", "as", "a", "loading", "dose", "and", "10", "mg", "per", "hour", "until", "Day", "3", "(", "n", "=", "20", ")", "or", "placebo", "(", "n", "=", "20", ")", ",", "followed", "by", "the", "opposite", "medication", "until", "Day", "6", ".", "Hydrocortisone", "infusion", "induced", "an", "increase", "of", "mean", "arterial", "pressure", ",", "systemic", "vascular", "resistance", ",", "and", "a", "decline", "of", "heart", "rate", ",", "cardiac", "index", ",", "and", "norepinephrine", "requirement", ".", "A", "reduction", "of", "plasma", "nitrite", "/", "nitrate", "indicated", "inhibition", "of", "nitric", "oxide", "formation", "and", "correlated", "with", "a", "reduction", "of", "vasopressor", "support", ".", "The", "inflammatory", "response", "(", "interleukin-6", "and", "interleukin-8", ")", ",", "endothelial", "(", "soluble", "E", "-", "selectin", ")", "and", "neutrophil", "activation", "(", "expression", "of", "CD11b", ",", "CD64", ")", ",", "and", "antiinflammatory", "response", "(", "soluble", "tumor", "necrosis", "factor", "receptors", "I", "and", "II", "and", "interleukin-10", ")", "were", "attenuated", ".", "In", "peripheral", "blood", "monocytes", ",", "human", "leukocyte", "antigen", "-", "DR", "expression", "was", "only", "slightly", "depressed", ",", "whereas", "in", "vitro", "phagocytosis", "and", "the", "monocyte", "-", "activating", "cytokine", "interleukin-12", "increased", ".", "Hydrocortisone", "withdrawal", "induced", "hemodynamic", "and", "immunologic", "rebound", "effects", ".", "In", "conclusion", ",", "hydrocortisone", "therapy", "restored", "hemodynamic", "stability", "and", "differentially", "modulated", "the", "immunologic", "response", "to", "stress", "in", "a", "way", "of", "antiinflammation", "rather", "than", "immunosuppression", "." ]	[ "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Outcome_Other", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Control", "Participant_Sample-size" ]
Genotype is a Measurement, 2 , 3 , 5 or 6 is a Value, infection is a Condition, Decompensated is a Qualifier, cirrhosis is a Condition, actual or previous is a Scope, clinical decompensation is a Condition, ascites is a Condition, hepatic encephalopathy is a Condition, variceal bleeding is a Condition, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is a Condition, Child - Pugh is a Measurement, Hepatocellular carcinoma is a Condition, after liver transplantation is a Temporal, Total bilirubin is a Measurement, Immunosuppression is a Procedure, cyclosporine or an mTOR inhibitor ( everolimus or sirolimus ) is a Scope, Severe is a Qualifier, extrahepatic diseases is a Condition, cardiovascular , respiratory , cerebrovascular and poorly controlled diabetes is a Scope, Platelets is a Measurement, Neutrophil count is a Measurement, Hemoglobin is a Measurement, Albumin is a Measurement, HIV infection is a Condition, Hepatitis B infection is a Condition, Active intake is a Temporal, toxic amounts is a Multiplier, alcohol is a Condition, recreational drugs is a Condition, Females who are pregnant , become to be pregnant or breastfeeding is a Scope, males whose partners are pregnant , become to be pregnant or breastfeeding is a Scope, disallowed medications is a Drug, clarithromycin is a Drug, erythromycin is a Drug, telithromycin is a Drug, nafcillin is a Drug, rifampin is a Drug, itraconazole is a Drug, ketoconazole is a Drug, voriconazole is a Drug, nifedipine is a Drug, carbamazepine is a Drug, phenytoin is a Drug, phenobarbital is a Drug, Bosentan is a Drug, Modafinil is a Drug, St . Jonh 's Wort is a Drug, cyclosporin is a Drug, everolimus is a Drug, sirolimus is a Drug, glibenclamide is a Drug, glyburide is a Drug, gemfibrozil is a Drug, Eltrombopag is a Drug, Lapatinib is a Drug, efavirenz is a Drug, etravirine is a Drug, ritonavir boosted and unboosted is a Scope, HIV protease inhibitors is a Drug, simvastatin is a Drug, fluvastatin is a Drug, rosuvastatin is a Drug, doses greater than 10 mg / d is a Multiplier, atorvastatin is a Drug	NCT02890719_exc_task0	Sentence: Genotype 2, 3, 5 or 6 infection. Decompensated cirrhosis defined by the presence of actual or previous history of clinical decompensation including ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, variceal bleeding or spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, or a Child-Pugh B or C. Hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation. Total bilirubin > 3 mg/dL. Immunosuppression with cyclosporine or an mTOR inhibitor (everolimus or sirolimus). Severe extrahepatic diseases: cardiovascular, respiratory, cerebrovascular and poorly controlled diabetes. Platelets < 75 x 109 cells/L. Neutrophil count < 0.5 x 109 cells/L. Hemoglobin < 9 g/dL. Albumin < 3g/dL. HIV infection. Hepatitis B infection. Active intake of toxic amounts of alcohol or recreational drugs. Females who are pregnant, become to be pregnant or breastfeeding or males whose partners are pregnant, become to be pregnant or breastfeeding. Intake of disallowed medications including(but not limited to): 1. Antibiotics: clarithromycin, erythromycin, telithromycin, nafcillin, rifampin 2. Antifungals: itraconazole, ketoconazole, voriconazole 3. Antihypertensives: nifedipine 4. Anticonvulsants: carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital 5. Bosentan 6. Modafinil 7. St.Jonh's Wort 8. Immunosuppressants: cyclosporin, everolimus, sirolimus 9. Diabetes agents: glibenclamide, glyburide 10. Lipid lowering agents: gemfibrozil 11. Eltrombopag 12. Lapatinib 13. HIV medications: efavirenz, etravirine, all ritonavir boosted and unboosted HIV protease inhibitors 14. Statins: simvastatin, fluvastatin, rosuvastatin at doses greater than 10 mg/d, atorvastatin at doses greater than 10 mg/d. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Temporal, Condition, Qualifier, Value, Multiplier, Procedure, Scope, Measurement, Drug	[ "B-Measurement", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "B-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Procedure", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "B-Multiplier", "I-Multiplier", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "I-Drug", "I-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Multiplier", "I-Multiplier", "I-Multiplier", "I-Multiplier", "I-Multiplier", "I-Multiplier", "I-Multiplier", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Genotype 2, 3, 5 or 6 infection. Decompensated cirrhosis defined by the presence of actual or previous history of clinical decompensation including ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, variceal bleeding or spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, or a Child-Pugh B or C. Hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation. Total bilirubin > 3 mg/dL. Immunosuppression with cyclosporine or an mTOR inhibitor (everolimus or sirolimus). Severe extrahepatic diseases: cardiovascular, respiratory, cerebrovascular and poorly controlled diabetes. Platelets < 75 x 109 cells/L. Neutrophil count < 0.5 x 109 cells/L. Hemoglobin < 9 g/dL. Albumin < 3g/dL. HIV infection. Hepatitis B infection. Active intake of toxic amounts of alcohol or recreational drugs. Females who are pregnant, become to be pregnant or breastfeeding or males whose partners are pregnant, become to be pregnant or breastfeeding. Intake of disallowed medications including(but not limited to): 1. Antibiotics: clarithromycin, erythromycin, telithromycin, nafcillin, rifampin 2. Antifungals: itraconazole, ketoconazole, voriconazole 3. Antihypertensives: nifedipine 4. Anticonvulsants: carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital 5. Bosentan 6. Modafinil 7. St.Jonh's Wort 8. Immunosuppressants: cyclosporin, everolimus, sirolimus 9. Diabetes agents: glibenclamide, glyburide 10. Lipid lowering agents: gemfibrozil 11. Eltrombopag 12. Lapatinib 13. HIV medications: efavirenz, etravirine, all ritonavir boosted and unboosted HIV protease inhibitors 14. Statins: simvastatin, fluvastatin, rosuvastatin at doses greater than 10 mg/d, atorvastatin at doses greater than 10 mg/d.	[ "Genotype", "2", ",", "3", ",", "5", "or", "6", "infection", ".", "\n", "Decompensated", "cirrhosis", "defined", "by", "the", "presence", "of", "actual", "or", "previous", "history", "of", "clinical", "decompensation", "including", "ascites", ",", "hepatic", "encephalopathy", ",", "variceal", "bleeding", "or", "spontaneous", "bacterial", "peritonitis", ",", "or", "a", "Child", "-", "Pugh", "B", "or", "C.", "\n", "Hepatocellular", "carcinoma", "after", "liver", "transplantation", ".", "\n", "Total", "bilirubin", ">", "3", "mg", "/", "dL.", "\n", "Immunosuppression", "with", "cyclosporine", "or", "an", "mTOR", "inhibitor", "(", "everolimus", "or", "sirolimus", ")", ".", "\n", "Severe", "extrahepatic", "diseases", ":", "cardiovascular", ",", "respiratory", ",", "cerebrovascular", "and", "poorly", "controlled", "diabetes", ".", "\n", "Platelets", "<", "75", "x", "109", "cells", "/", "L.", "\n", "Neutrophil", "count", "<", "0.5", "x", "109", "cells", "/", "L.", "\n", "Hemoglobin", "<", "9", "g", "/", "dL.", "\n", "Albumin", "<", "3g", "/", "dL.", "\n", "HIV", "infection", ".", "\n", "Hepatitis", "B", "infection", ".", "\n", "Active", "intake", "of", "toxic", "amounts", "of", "alcohol", "or", "recreational", "drugs", ".", "\n", "Females", "who", "are", "pregnant", ",", "become", "to", "be", "pregnant", "or", "breastfeeding", "or", "males", "whose", "partners", "are", "pregnant", ",", "become", "to", "be", "pregnant", "or", "breastfeeding", ".", "\n", "Intake", "of", "disallowed", "medications", "including(but", "not", "limited", "to", "):", "\n", "1", ".", "Antibiotics", ":", "clarithromycin", ",", "erythromycin", ",", "telithromycin", ",", "nafcillin", ",", "rifampin", "\n", "2", ".", "Antifungals", ":", "itraconazole", ",", "ketoconazole", ",", "voriconazole", "\n", "3", ".", "Antihypertensives", ":", "nifedipine", "\n", "4", ".", "Anticonvulsants", ":", "carbamazepine", ",", "phenytoin", ",", "phenobarbital", "\n", "5", ".", "Bosentan", "\n", "6", ".", "Modafinil", "\n", "7", ".", "St", ".", "Jonh", "'s", "Wort", "\n", "8", ".", "Immunosuppressants", ":", "cyclosporin", ",", "everolimus", ",", "sirolimus", "\n", "9", ".", "Diabetes", "agents", ":", "glibenclamide", ",", "glyburide", "\n", "10", ".", "Lipid", "lowering", "agents", ":", "gemfibrozil", "\n", "11", ".", "Eltrombopag", "\n", "12", ".", "Lapatinib", "\n", "13", ".", "HIV", "medications", ":", "efavirenz", ",", "etravirine", ",", "all", "ritonavir", "boosted", "and", "unboosted", "HIV", "protease", "inhibitors", "\n", "14", ".", "Statins", ":", "simvastatin", ",", "fluvastatin", ",", "rosuvastatin", "at", "doses", "greater", "than", "10", "mg", "/", "d", ",", "atorvastatin", "at", "doses", "greater", "than", "10", "mg", "/", "d.", " \n \n" ]	[ "Scope", "Condition", "Temporal", "Multiplier", "Drug", "Procedure", "Reference_point", "Value", "Qualifier", "Measurement", "Observation", "Person" ]

BRG1 is a protein, HP1alpha is a protein, BRG1 is a protein, HP1alpha is a protein

1.0alpha7.train.554_task0

Sentence: BRG1 binds to HP1alpha in vitro inding assays between BRG1 and HP1alpha were performed in vitro. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: protein

[ "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

BRG1 binds to HP1alpha in vitro inding assays between BRG1 and HP1alpha were performed in vitro.

[ "BRG1", "binds", "to", " ", "HP1alpha", "in", "vitro", " ", "inding", "assays", "between", " ", "BRG1", "and", " ", "HP1alpha", "were", "performed", " ", "in", "vitro", "." ]

[ "protein" ]

BRG1 is a protein, HP1alpha is a protein, BRG1 is a protein, HP1alpha is a protein

1.0alpha7.train.554_task1

Sentence: BRG1 binds to HP1alpha in vitro inding assays between BRG1 and HP1alpha were performed in vitro. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: BRG1, HP1alpha, BRG1, HP1alpha Options: protein

[ "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

BRG1 binds to HP1alpha in vitro inding assays between BRG1 and HP1alpha were performed in vitro.

[ "BRG1", "binds", "to", " ", "HP1alpha", "in", "vitro", " ", "inding", "assays", "between", " ", "BRG1", "and", " ", "HP1alpha", "were", "performed", " ", "in", "vitro", "." ]

[ "protein" ]

BRG1, HP1alpha, BRG1, HP1alpha

1.0alpha7.train.554_task2

Sentence: BRG1 binds to HP1alpha in vitro inding assays between BRG1 and HP1alpha were performed in vitro. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

BRG1 binds to HP1alpha in vitro inding assays between BRG1 and HP1alpha were performed in vitro.

[ "BRG1", "binds", "to", " ", "HP1alpha", "in", "vitro", " ", "inding", "assays", "between", " ", "BRG1", "and", " ", "HP1alpha", "were", "performed", " ", "in", "vitro", "." ]

[ "protein" ]

HIF-1alpha is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein, von Hippel - Lindau is a Protein, pVHL is a Protein, ubiquitin is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein, pVHL is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein, pVHL is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein

173_task0

Sentence: NO restores HIF-1alpha hydroxylation during hypoxia: role of reactive oxygen species. The activity of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is primarily determined by stability regulation of its alpha subunit, which is stabilized under hypoxia but degraded during normoxia. Hydroxylation of HIF-1alpha by prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) recruits the von Hippel-Lindau (pVHL) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to initiate proteolytic destruction of the alpha subunit. Hypoxic stabilization of HIF-1alpha has been reported to be antagonized by nitric oxide (NO). By using a HIF-1alpha-pVHL binding assay, we show that NO released from DETA-NO restored prolyl hydroxylase activity under hypoxia. Destabilization of HIF-1alpha by DETA-NO was reversed by free radical scavengers such as NAC and Tiron, thus pointing to the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, we examined the effects of ROS on HIF-1alpha stabilization. Treatment of cells under hypoxia with low concentrations of the superoxide generator 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone lowered HIF-1alpha protein stabilization. In vitro HIF-1alpha-pVHL interaction assays demonstrated that low-level ROS formation increased prolyl hydroxylase activity, an effect antagonized by ROS scavengers. While determining intracellular ROS formation we noticed that reduced ROS production under hypoxia was restored by the addition of DETA-NO. We propose that an increase in ROS formation contributes to HIF-1alpha destabilization by NO donors under hypoxia via modulation of PHD activity. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Protein

[ "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

NO restores HIF-1alpha hydroxylation during hypoxia: role of reactive oxygen species. The activity of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is primarily determined by stability regulation of its alpha subunit, which is stabilized under hypoxia but degraded during normoxia. Hydroxylation of HIF-1alpha by prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) recruits the von Hippel-Lindau (pVHL) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to initiate proteolytic destruction of the alpha subunit. Hypoxic stabilization of HIF-1alpha has been reported to be antagonized by nitric oxide (NO). By using a HIF-1alpha-pVHL binding assay, we show that NO released from DETA-NO restored prolyl hydroxylase activity under hypoxia. Destabilization of HIF-1alpha by DETA-NO was reversed by free radical scavengers such as NAC and Tiron, thus pointing to the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, we examined the effects of ROS on HIF-1alpha stabilization. Treatment of cells under hypoxia with low concentrations of the superoxide generator 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone lowered HIF-1alpha protein stabilization. In vitro HIF-1alpha-pVHL interaction assays demonstrated that low-level ROS formation increased prolyl hydroxylase activity, an effect antagonized by ROS scavengers. While determining intracellular ROS formation we noticed that reduced ROS production under hypoxia was restored by the addition of DETA-NO. We propose that an increase in ROS formation contributes to HIF-1alpha destabilization by NO donors under hypoxia via modulation of PHD activity.

[ "NO", "restores", "HIF-1alpha", "hydroxylation", "during", "hypoxia", ":", "role", "of", "reactive", "oxygen", "species", ".", "\n", "The", "activity", "of", "hypoxia", "-", "inducible", "factor", "1", "(", "HIF-1", ")", "is", "primarily", "determined", "by", "stability", "regulation", "of", "its", "alpha", "subunit", ",", "which", "is", "stabilized", "under", "hypoxia", "but", "degraded", "during", "normoxia", ".", "Hydroxylation", "of", "HIF-1alpha", "by", "prolyl", "hydroxylases", "(", "PHDs", ")", "recruits", "the", "von", "Hippel", "-", "Lindau", "(", "pVHL", ")", "E3", "ubiquitin", "ligase", "complex", "to", "initiate", "proteolytic", "destruction", "of", "the", "alpha", "subunit", ".", "Hypoxic", "stabilization", "of", "HIF-1alpha", "has", "been", "reported", "to", "be", "antagonized", "by", "nitric", "oxide", "(", "NO", ")", ".", "By", "using", "a", "HIF-1alpha", "-", "pVHL", "binding", "assay", ",", "we", "show", "that", "NO", "released", "from", "DETA", "-", "NO", "restored", "prolyl", "hydroxylase", "activity", "under", "hypoxia", ".", "Destabilization", "of", "HIF-1alpha", "by", "DETA", "-", "NO", "was", "reversed", "by", "free", "radical", "scavengers", "such", "as", "NAC", "and", "Tiron", ",", "thus", "pointing", "to", "the", "involvement", "of", "reactive", "oxygen", "species", "(", "ROS", ")", ".", "Therefore", ",", "we", "examined", "the", "effects", "of", "ROS", "on", "HIF-1alpha", "stabilization", ".", "Treatment", "of", "cells", "under", "hypoxia", "with", "low", "concentrations", "of", "the", "superoxide", "generator", "2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone", "lowered", "HIF-1alpha", "protein", "stabilization", ".", "In", "vitro", "HIF-1alpha", "-", "pVHL", "interaction", "assays", "demonstrated", "that", "low", "-", "level", "ROS", "formation", "increased", "prolyl", "hydroxylase", "activity", ",", "an", "effect", "antagonized", "by", "ROS", "scavengers", ".", "While", "determining", "intracellular", "ROS", "formation", "we", "noticed", "that", "reduced", "ROS", "production", "under", "hypoxia", "was", "restored", "by", "the", "addition", "of", "DETA", "-", "NO", ".", "We", "propose", "that", "an", "increase", "in", "ROS", "formation", "contributes", "to", "HIF-1alpha", "destabilization", "by", "NO", "donors", "under", "hypoxia", "via", "modulation", "of", "PHD", "activity", ".", "\n" ]

[ "Protein" ]

HIF-1alpha is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein, von Hippel - Lindau is a Protein, pVHL is a Protein, ubiquitin is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein, pVHL is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein, pVHL is a Protein, HIF-1alpha is a Protein

173_task1

Sentence: NO restores HIF-1alpha hydroxylation during hypoxia: role of reactive oxygen species. The activity of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is primarily determined by stability regulation of its alpha subunit, which is stabilized under hypoxia but degraded during normoxia. Hydroxylation of HIF-1alpha by prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) recruits the von Hippel-Lindau (pVHL) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to initiate proteolytic destruction of the alpha subunit. Hypoxic stabilization of HIF-1alpha has been reported to be antagonized by nitric oxide (NO). By using a HIF-1alpha-pVHL binding assay, we show that NO released from DETA-NO restored prolyl hydroxylase activity under hypoxia. Destabilization of HIF-1alpha by DETA-NO was reversed by free radical scavengers such as NAC and Tiron, thus pointing to the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, we examined the effects of ROS on HIF-1alpha stabilization. Treatment of cells under hypoxia with low concentrations of the superoxide generator 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone lowered HIF-1alpha protein stabilization. In vitro HIF-1alpha-pVHL interaction assays demonstrated that low-level ROS formation increased prolyl hydroxylase activity, an effect antagonized by ROS scavengers. While determining intracellular ROS formation we noticed that reduced ROS production under hypoxia was restored by the addition of DETA-NO. We propose that an increase in ROS formation contributes to HIF-1alpha destabilization by NO donors under hypoxia via modulation of PHD activity. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: HIF-1alpha, HIF-1alpha, von Hippel - Lindau, pVHL, ubiquitin, HIF-1alpha, HIF-1alpha, pVHL, HIF-1alpha, HIF-1alpha, HIF-1alpha, HIF-1alpha, pVHL, HIF-1alpha Options: Protein

[ "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

NO restores HIF-1alpha hydroxylation during hypoxia: role of reactive oxygen species. The activity of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is primarily determined by stability regulation of its alpha subunit, which is stabilized under hypoxia but degraded during normoxia. Hydroxylation of HIF-1alpha by prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) recruits the von Hippel-Lindau (pVHL) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to initiate proteolytic destruction of the alpha subunit. Hypoxic stabilization of HIF-1alpha has been reported to be antagonized by nitric oxide (NO). By using a HIF-1alpha-pVHL binding assay, we show that NO released from DETA-NO restored prolyl hydroxylase activity under hypoxia. Destabilization of HIF-1alpha by DETA-NO was reversed by free radical scavengers such as NAC and Tiron, thus pointing to the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, we examined the effects of ROS on HIF-1alpha stabilization. Treatment of cells under hypoxia with low concentrations of the superoxide generator 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone lowered HIF-1alpha protein stabilization. In vitro HIF-1alpha-pVHL interaction assays demonstrated that low-level ROS formation increased prolyl hydroxylase activity, an effect antagonized by ROS scavengers. While determining intracellular ROS formation we noticed that reduced ROS production under hypoxia was restored by the addition of DETA-NO. We propose that an increase in ROS formation contributes to HIF-1alpha destabilization by NO donors under hypoxia via modulation of PHD activity.

[ "NO", "restores", "HIF-1alpha", "hydroxylation", "during", "hypoxia", ":", "role", "of", "reactive", "oxygen", "species", ".", "\n", "The", "activity", "of", "hypoxia", "-", "inducible", "factor", "1", "(", "HIF-1", ")", "is", "primarily", "determined", "by", "stability", "regulation", "of", "its", "alpha", "subunit", ",", "which", "is", "stabilized", "under", "hypoxia", "but", "degraded", "during", "normoxia", ".", "Hydroxylation", "of", "HIF-1alpha", "by", "prolyl", "hydroxylases", "(", "PHDs", ")", "recruits", "the", "von", "Hippel", "-", "Lindau", "(", "pVHL", ")", "E3", "ubiquitin", "ligase", "complex", "to", "initiate", "proteolytic", "destruction", "of", "the", "alpha", "subunit", ".", "Hypoxic", "stabilization", "of", "HIF-1alpha", "has", "been", "reported", "to", "be", "antagonized", "by", "nitric", "oxide", "(", "NO", ")", ".", "By", "using", "a", "HIF-1alpha", "-", "pVHL", "binding", "assay", ",", "we", "show", "that", "NO", "released", "from", "DETA", "-", "NO", "restored", "prolyl", "hydroxylase", "activity", "under", "hypoxia", ".", "Destabilization", "of", "HIF-1alpha", "by", "DETA", "-", "NO", "was", "reversed", "by", "free", "radical", "scavengers", "such", "as", "NAC", "and", "Tiron", ",", "thus", "pointing", "to", "the", "involvement", "of", "reactive", "oxygen", "species", "(", "ROS", ")", ".", "Therefore", ",", "we", "examined", "the", "effects", "of", "ROS", "on", "HIF-1alpha", "stabilization", ".", "Treatment", "of", "cells", "under", "hypoxia", "with", "low", "concentrations", "of", "the", "superoxide", "generator", "2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone", "lowered", "HIF-1alpha", "protein", "stabilization", ".", "In", "vitro", "HIF-1alpha", "-", "pVHL", "interaction", "assays", "demonstrated", "that", "low", "-", "level", "ROS", "formation", "increased", "prolyl", "hydroxylase", "activity", ",", "an", "effect", "antagonized", "by", "ROS", "scavengers", ".", "While", "determining", "intracellular", "ROS", "formation", "we", "noticed", "that", "reduced", "ROS", "production", "under", "hypoxia", "was", "restored", "by", "the", "addition", "of", "DETA", "-", "NO", ".", "We", "propose", "that", "an", "increase", "in", "ROS", "formation", "contributes", "to", "HIF-1alpha", "destabilization", "by", "NO", "donors", "under", "hypoxia", "via", "modulation", "of", "PHD", "activity", ".", "\n" ]

[ "Protein" ]

HIF-1alpha, HIF-1alpha, von Hippel - Lindau, pVHL, ubiquitin, HIF-1alpha, HIF-1alpha, pVHL, HIF-1alpha, HIF-1alpha, HIF-1alpha, HIF-1alpha, pVHL, HIF-1alpha

173_task2

Sentence: NO restores HIF-1alpha hydroxylation during hypoxia: role of reactive oxygen species. The activity of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is primarily determined by stability regulation of its alpha subunit, which is stabilized under hypoxia but degraded during normoxia. Hydroxylation of HIF-1alpha by prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) recruits the von Hippel-Lindau (pVHL) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to initiate proteolytic destruction of the alpha subunit. Hypoxic stabilization of HIF-1alpha has been reported to be antagonized by nitric oxide (NO). By using a HIF-1alpha-pVHL binding assay, we show that NO released from DETA-NO restored prolyl hydroxylase activity under hypoxia. Destabilization of HIF-1alpha by DETA-NO was reversed by free radical scavengers such as NAC and Tiron, thus pointing to the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, we examined the effects of ROS on HIF-1alpha stabilization. Treatment of cells under hypoxia with low concentrations of the superoxide generator 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone lowered HIF-1alpha protein stabilization. In vitro HIF-1alpha-pVHL interaction assays demonstrated that low-level ROS formation increased prolyl hydroxylase activity, an effect antagonized by ROS scavengers. While determining intracellular ROS formation we noticed that reduced ROS production under hypoxia was restored by the addition of DETA-NO. We propose that an increase in ROS formation contributes to HIF-1alpha destabilization by NO donors under hypoxia via modulation of PHD activity. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

NO restores HIF-1alpha hydroxylation during hypoxia: role of reactive oxygen species. The activity of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is primarily determined by stability regulation of its alpha subunit, which is stabilized under hypoxia but degraded during normoxia. Hydroxylation of HIF-1alpha by prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) recruits the von Hippel-Lindau (pVHL) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to initiate proteolytic destruction of the alpha subunit. Hypoxic stabilization of HIF-1alpha has been reported to be antagonized by nitric oxide (NO). By using a HIF-1alpha-pVHL binding assay, we show that NO released from DETA-NO restored prolyl hydroxylase activity under hypoxia. Destabilization of HIF-1alpha by DETA-NO was reversed by free radical scavengers such as NAC and Tiron, thus pointing to the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, we examined the effects of ROS on HIF-1alpha stabilization. Treatment of cells under hypoxia with low concentrations of the superoxide generator 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone lowered HIF-1alpha protein stabilization. In vitro HIF-1alpha-pVHL interaction assays demonstrated that low-level ROS formation increased prolyl hydroxylase activity, an effect antagonized by ROS scavengers. While determining intracellular ROS formation we noticed that reduced ROS production under hypoxia was restored by the addition of DETA-NO. We propose that an increase in ROS formation contributes to HIF-1alpha destabilization by NO donors under hypoxia via modulation of PHD activity.

[ "NO", "restores", "HIF-1alpha", "hydroxylation", "during", "hypoxia", ":", "role", "of", "reactive", "oxygen", "species", ".", "\n", "The", "activity", "of", "hypoxia", "-", "inducible", "factor", "1", "(", "HIF-1", ")", "is", "primarily", "determined", "by", "stability", "regulation", "of", "its", "alpha", "subunit", ",", "which", "is", "stabilized", "under", "hypoxia", "but", "degraded", "during", "normoxia", ".", "Hydroxylation", "of", "HIF-1alpha", "by", "prolyl", "hydroxylases", "(", "PHDs", ")", "recruits", "the", "von", "Hippel", "-", "Lindau", "(", "pVHL", ")", "E3", "ubiquitin", "ligase", "complex", "to", "initiate", "proteolytic", "destruction", "of", "the", "alpha", "subunit", ".", "Hypoxic", "stabilization", "of", "HIF-1alpha", "has", "been", "reported", "to", "be", "antagonized", "by", "nitric", "oxide", "(", "NO", ")", ".", "By", "using", "a", "HIF-1alpha", "-", "pVHL", "binding", "assay", ",", "we", "show", "that", "NO", "released", "from", "DETA", "-", "NO", "restored", "prolyl", "hydroxylase", "activity", "under", "hypoxia", ".", "Destabilization", "of", "HIF-1alpha", "by", "DETA", "-", "NO", "was", "reversed", "by", "free", "radical", "scavengers", "such", "as", "NAC", "and", "Tiron", ",", "thus", "pointing", "to", "the", "involvement", "of", "reactive", "oxygen", "species", "(", "ROS", ")", ".", "Therefore", ",", "we", "examined", "the", "effects", "of", "ROS", "on", "HIF-1alpha", "stabilization", ".", "Treatment", "of", "cells", "under", "hypoxia", "with", "low", "concentrations", "of", "the", "superoxide", "generator", "2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone", "lowered", "HIF-1alpha", "protein", "stabilization", ".", "In", "vitro", "HIF-1alpha", "-", "pVHL", "interaction", "assays", "demonstrated", "that", "low", "-", "level", "ROS", "formation", "increased", "prolyl", "hydroxylase", "activity", ",", "an", "effect", "antagonized", "by", "ROS", "scavengers", ".", "While", "determining", "intracellular", "ROS", "formation", "we", "noticed", "that", "reduced", "ROS", "production", "under", "hypoxia", "was", "restored", "by", "the", "addition", "of", "DETA", "-", "NO", ".", "We", "propose", "that", "an", "increase", "in", "ROS", "formation", "contributes", "to", "HIF-1alpha", "destabilization", "by", "NO", "donors", "under", "hypoxia", "via", "modulation", "of", "PHD", "activity", ".", "\n" ]

[ "Protein" ]

Armodafinil and modafinil is a Intervention_Pharmacological, excessive sleepiness is a Outcome_Physical, shift work disorder is a Participant_Condition, pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic is a Outcome_Physical, wakefulness is a Outcome_Physical, shift work disorder ( SWD ) is a Outcome_Physical, armodafinil is a Intervention_Pharmacological, plasma concentrations is a Outcome_Physical, Pooled Multiple Sleep Latency Test ( MSLT ) is a Outcome_Physical, placebo - controlled is a Intervention_Control, 463 is a Participant_Sample-size, armodafinil 150 mg / d is a Intervention_Pharmacological, 1 with modafinil 200 mg / d is a Intervention_Pharmacological, plasma drug concentrations is a Outcome_Physical, pharmacokinetic model is a Outcome_Physical

52467_task0

Sentence: Armodafinil and modafinil in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with shift work disorder : a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for predicting and comparing their concentration-effect relationships . Armodafinil , the longer lasting R-isomer of racemic modafinil , improves wakefulness in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with shift work disorder ( SWD ) . Pharmacokinetic studies suggest that armodafinil achieves higher plasma concentrations than modafinil late in a dose interval following equal oral doses . Pooled Multiple Sleep Latency Test ( MSLT ) data from 2 randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trials in 463 patients with SWD , 1 with armodafinil 150 mg/d and 1 with modafinil 200 mg/d ( both administered around 2200 h before night shifts ) , were used to build a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model . Predicted plasma drug concentrations were obtained by developing and applying a population pharmacokinetic model using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling . Armodafinil 200 mg produced a plasma concentration above the EC ( 50 ) ( 4.6 µg/mL ) for 9 hours , whereas modafinil 200 mg did not exceed the EC ( 50 ) . Consequently , armodafinil produced greater increases in predicted placebo-subtracted MSLT times of 0.5-1 minute ( up to 10 hours after dosing ) compared with modafinil . On a milligram-to-milligram basis , armodafinil 200 mg consistently increased wakefulness more than modafinil 200 mg , including times late in the 8-hour shift . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Intervention_Control, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size

[ "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Armodafinil and modafinil in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with shift work disorder : a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for predicting and comparing their concentration-effect relationships . Armodafinil , the longer lasting R-isomer of racemic modafinil , improves wakefulness in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with shift work disorder ( SWD ) . Pharmacokinetic studies suggest that armodafinil achieves higher plasma concentrations than modafinil late in a dose interval following equal oral doses . Pooled Multiple Sleep Latency Test ( MSLT ) data from 2 randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trials in 463 patients with SWD , 1 with armodafinil 150 mg/d and 1 with modafinil 200 mg/d ( both administered around 2200 h before night shifts ) , were used to build a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model . Predicted plasma drug concentrations were obtained by developing and applying a population pharmacokinetic model using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling . Armodafinil 200 mg produced a plasma concentration above the EC ( 50 ) ( 4.6 µg/mL ) for 9 hours , whereas modafinil 200 mg did not exceed the EC ( 50 ) . Consequently , armodafinil produced greater increases in predicted placebo-subtracted MSLT times of 0.5-1 minute ( up to 10 hours after dosing ) compared with modafinil . On a milligram-to-milligram basis , armodafinil 200 mg consistently increased wakefulness more than modafinil 200 mg , including times late in the 8-hour shift .

[ "Armodafinil", "and", "modafinil", "in", "patients", "with", "excessive", "sleepiness", "associated", "with", "shift", "work", "disorder", ":", "a", "pharmacokinetic", "/", "pharmacodynamic", "model", "for", "predicting", "and", "comparing", "their", "concentration", "-", "effect", "relationships", ".", "Armodafinil", ",", "the", "longer", "lasting", "R", "-", "isomer", "of", "racemic", "modafinil", ",", "improves", "wakefulness", "in", "patients", "with", "excessive", "sleepiness", "associated", "with", "shift", "work", "disorder", "(", "SWD", ")", ".", "Pharmacokinetic", "studies", "suggest", "that", "armodafinil", "achieves", "higher", "plasma", "concentrations", "than", "modafinil", "late", "in", "a", "dose", "interval", "following", "equal", "oral", "doses", ".", "Pooled", "Multiple", "Sleep", "Latency", "Test", "(", "MSLT", ")", "data", "from", "2", "randomized", ",", "double", "-", "blind", ",", "placebo", "-", "controlled", "trials", "in", "463", "patients", "with", "SWD", ",", "1", "with", "armodafinil", "150", "mg", "/", "d", "and", "1", "with", "modafinil", "200", "mg", "/", "d", "(", "both", "administered", "around", "2200", "h", "before", "night", "shifts", ")", ",", "were", "used", "to", "build", "a", "pharmacokinetic", "/", "pharmacodynamic", "model", ".", "Predicted", "plasma", "drug", "concentrations", "were", "obtained", "by", "developing", "and", "applying", "a", "population", "pharmacokinetic", "model", "using", "nonlinear", "mixed", "-", "effects", "modeling", ".", "Armodafinil", "200", "mg", "produced", "a", "plasma", "concentration", "above", "the", "EC", "(", "50", ")", "(", "4.6", "µg", "/", "mL", ")", "for", "9", "hours", ",", "whereas", "modafinil", "200", "mg", "did", "not", "exceed", "the", "EC", "(", "50", ")", ".", "Consequently", ",", "armodafinil", "produced", "greater", "increases", "in", "predicted", "placebo", "-", "subtracted", "MSLT", "times", "of", "0.5", "-", "1", "minute", "(", "up", "to", "10", "hours", "after", "dosing", ")", "compared", "with", "modafinil", ".", "On", "a", "milligram", "-", "to", "-", "milligram", "basis", ",", "armodafinil", "200", "mg", "consistently", "increased", "wakefulness", "more", "than", "modafinil", "200", "mg", ",", "including", "times", "late", "in", "the", "8-hour", "shift", "." ]

[ "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Control", "Participant_Sample-size" ]

Armodafinil and modafinil is a Intervention_Pharmacological, excessive sleepiness is a Outcome_Physical, shift work disorder is a Participant_Condition, pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic is a Outcome_Physical, wakefulness is a Outcome_Physical, shift work disorder ( SWD ) is a Outcome_Physical, armodafinil is a Intervention_Pharmacological, plasma concentrations is a Outcome_Physical, Pooled Multiple Sleep Latency Test ( MSLT ) is a Outcome_Physical, placebo - controlled is a Intervention_Control, 463 is a Participant_Sample-size, armodafinil 150 mg / d is a Intervention_Pharmacological, 1 with modafinil 200 mg / d is a Intervention_Pharmacological, plasma drug concentrations is a Outcome_Physical, pharmacokinetic model is a Outcome_Physical

52467_task1

Sentence: Armodafinil and modafinil in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with shift work disorder : a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for predicting and comparing their concentration-effect relationships . Armodafinil , the longer lasting R-isomer of racemic modafinil , improves wakefulness in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with shift work disorder ( SWD ) . Pharmacokinetic studies suggest that armodafinil achieves higher plasma concentrations than modafinil late in a dose interval following equal oral doses . Pooled Multiple Sleep Latency Test ( MSLT ) data from 2 randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trials in 463 patients with SWD , 1 with armodafinil 150 mg/d and 1 with modafinil 200 mg/d ( both administered around 2200 h before night shifts ) , were used to build a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model . Predicted plasma drug concentrations were obtained by developing and applying a population pharmacokinetic model using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling . Armodafinil 200 mg produced a plasma concentration above the EC ( 50 ) ( 4.6 µg/mL ) for 9 hours , whereas modafinil 200 mg did not exceed the EC ( 50 ) . Consequently , armodafinil produced greater increases in predicted placebo-subtracted MSLT times of 0.5-1 minute ( up to 10 hours after dosing ) compared with modafinil . On a milligram-to-milligram basis , armodafinil 200 mg consistently increased wakefulness more than modafinil 200 mg , including times late in the 8-hour shift . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Armodafinil and modafinil, excessive sleepiness, shift work disorder, pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic, wakefulness, shift work disorder ( SWD ), armodafinil, plasma concentrations, Pooled Multiple Sleep Latency Test ( MSLT ), placebo - controlled, 463, armodafinil 150 mg / d, 1 with modafinil 200 mg / d, plasma drug concentrations, pharmacokinetic model Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Intervention_Control, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size

[ "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Armodafinil and modafinil in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with shift work disorder : a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for predicting and comparing their concentration-effect relationships . Armodafinil , the longer lasting R-isomer of racemic modafinil , improves wakefulness in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with shift work disorder ( SWD ) . Pharmacokinetic studies suggest that armodafinil achieves higher plasma concentrations than modafinil late in a dose interval following equal oral doses . Pooled Multiple Sleep Latency Test ( MSLT ) data from 2 randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trials in 463 patients with SWD , 1 with armodafinil 150 mg/d and 1 with modafinil 200 mg/d ( both administered around 2200 h before night shifts ) , were used to build a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model . Predicted plasma drug concentrations were obtained by developing and applying a population pharmacokinetic model using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling . Armodafinil 200 mg produced a plasma concentration above the EC ( 50 ) ( 4.6 µg/mL ) for 9 hours , whereas modafinil 200 mg did not exceed the EC ( 50 ) . Consequently , armodafinil produced greater increases in predicted placebo-subtracted MSLT times of 0.5-1 minute ( up to 10 hours after dosing ) compared with modafinil . On a milligram-to-milligram basis , armodafinil 200 mg consistently increased wakefulness more than modafinil 200 mg , including times late in the 8-hour shift .

[ "Armodafinil", "and", "modafinil", "in", "patients", "with", "excessive", "sleepiness", "associated", "with", "shift", "work", "disorder", ":", "a", "pharmacokinetic", "/", "pharmacodynamic", "model", "for", "predicting", "and", "comparing", "their", "concentration", "-", "effect", "relationships", ".", "Armodafinil", ",", "the", "longer", "lasting", "R", "-", "isomer", "of", "racemic", "modafinil", ",", "improves", "wakefulness", "in", "patients", "with", "excessive", "sleepiness", "associated", "with", "shift", "work", "disorder", "(", "SWD", ")", ".", "Pharmacokinetic", "studies", "suggest", "that", "armodafinil", "achieves", "higher", "plasma", "concentrations", "than", "modafinil", "late", "in", "a", "dose", "interval", "following", "equal", "oral", "doses", ".", "Pooled", "Multiple", "Sleep", "Latency", "Test", "(", "MSLT", ")", "data", "from", "2", "randomized", ",", "double", "-", "blind", ",", "placebo", "-", "controlled", "trials", "in", "463", "patients", "with", "SWD", ",", "1", "with", "armodafinil", "150", "mg", "/", "d", "and", "1", "with", "modafinil", "200", "mg", "/", "d", "(", "both", "administered", "around", "2200", "h", "before", "night", "shifts", ")", ",", "were", "used", "to", "build", "a", "pharmacokinetic", "/", "pharmacodynamic", "model", ".", "Predicted", "plasma", "drug", "concentrations", "were", "obtained", "by", "developing", "and", "applying", "a", "population", "pharmacokinetic", "model", "using", "nonlinear", "mixed", "-", "effects", "modeling", ".", "Armodafinil", "200", "mg", "produced", "a", "plasma", "concentration", "above", "the", "EC", "(", "50", ")", "(", "4.6", "µg", "/", "mL", ")", "for", "9", "hours", ",", "whereas", "modafinil", "200", "mg", "did", "not", "exceed", "the", "EC", "(", "50", ")", ".", "Consequently", ",", "armodafinil", "produced", "greater", "increases", "in", "predicted", "placebo", "-", "subtracted", "MSLT", "times", "of", "0.5", "-", "1", "minute", "(", "up", "to", "10", "hours", "after", "dosing", ")", "compared", "with", "modafinil", ".", "On", "a", "milligram", "-", "to", "-", "milligram", "basis", ",", "armodafinil", "200", "mg", "consistently", "increased", "wakefulness", "more", "than", "modafinil", "200", "mg", ",", "including", "times", "late", "in", "the", "8-hour", "shift", "." ]

[ "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Control", "Participant_Sample-size" ]

Armodafinil and modafinil, excessive sleepiness, shift work disorder, pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic, wakefulness, shift work disorder ( SWD ), armodafinil, plasma concentrations, Pooled Multiple Sleep Latency Test ( MSLT ), placebo - controlled, 463, armodafinil 150 mg / d, 1 with modafinil 200 mg / d, plasma drug concentrations, pharmacokinetic model

52467_task2

Sentence: Armodafinil and modafinil in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with shift work disorder : a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for predicting and comparing their concentration-effect relationships . Armodafinil , the longer lasting R-isomer of racemic modafinil , improves wakefulness in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with shift work disorder ( SWD ) . Pharmacokinetic studies suggest that armodafinil achieves higher plasma concentrations than modafinil late in a dose interval following equal oral doses . Pooled Multiple Sleep Latency Test ( MSLT ) data from 2 randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trials in 463 patients with SWD , 1 with armodafinil 150 mg/d and 1 with modafinil 200 mg/d ( both administered around 2200 h before night shifts ) , were used to build a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model . Predicted plasma drug concentrations were obtained by developing and applying a population pharmacokinetic model using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling . Armodafinil 200 mg produced a plasma concentration above the EC ( 50 ) ( 4.6 µg/mL ) for 9 hours , whereas modafinil 200 mg did not exceed the EC ( 50 ) . Consequently , armodafinil produced greater increases in predicted placebo-subtracted MSLT times of 0.5-1 minute ( up to 10 hours after dosing ) compared with modafinil . On a milligram-to-milligram basis , armodafinil 200 mg consistently increased wakefulness more than modafinil 200 mg , including times late in the 8-hour shift . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Armodafinil and modafinil in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with shift work disorder : a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for predicting and comparing their concentration-effect relationships . Armodafinil , the longer lasting R-isomer of racemic modafinil , improves wakefulness in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with shift work disorder ( SWD ) . Pharmacokinetic studies suggest that armodafinil achieves higher plasma concentrations than modafinil late in a dose interval following equal oral doses . Pooled Multiple Sleep Latency Test ( MSLT ) data from 2 randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trials in 463 patients with SWD , 1 with armodafinil 150 mg/d and 1 with modafinil 200 mg/d ( both administered around 2200 h before night shifts ) , were used to build a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model . Predicted plasma drug concentrations were obtained by developing and applying a population pharmacokinetic model using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling . Armodafinil 200 mg produced a plasma concentration above the EC ( 50 ) ( 4.6 µg/mL ) for 9 hours , whereas modafinil 200 mg did not exceed the EC ( 50 ) . Consequently , armodafinil produced greater increases in predicted placebo-subtracted MSLT times of 0.5-1 minute ( up to 10 hours after dosing ) compared with modafinil . On a milligram-to-milligram basis , armodafinil 200 mg consistently increased wakefulness more than modafinil 200 mg , including times late in the 8-hour shift .

[ "Armodafinil", "and", "modafinil", "in", "patients", "with", "excessive", "sleepiness", "associated", "with", "shift", "work", "disorder", ":", "a", "pharmacokinetic", "/", "pharmacodynamic", "model", "for", "predicting", "and", "comparing", "their", "concentration", "-", "effect", "relationships", ".", "Armodafinil", ",", "the", "longer", "lasting", "R", "-", "isomer", "of", "racemic", "modafinil", ",", "improves", "wakefulness", "in", "patients", "with", "excessive", "sleepiness", "associated", "with", "shift", "work", "disorder", "(", "SWD", ")", ".", "Pharmacokinetic", "studies", "suggest", "that", "armodafinil", "achieves", "higher", "plasma", "concentrations", "than", "modafinil", "late", "in", "a", "dose", "interval", "following", "equal", "oral", "doses", ".", "Pooled", "Multiple", "Sleep", "Latency", "Test", "(", "MSLT", ")", "data", "from", "2", "randomized", ",", "double", "-", "blind", ",", "placebo", "-", "controlled", "trials", "in", "463", "patients", "with", "SWD", ",", "1", "with", "armodafinil", "150", "mg", "/", "d", "and", "1", "with", "modafinil", "200", "mg", "/", "d", "(", "both", "administered", "around", "2200", "h", "before", "night", "shifts", ")", ",", "were", "used", "to", "build", "a", "pharmacokinetic", "/", "pharmacodynamic", "model", ".", "Predicted", "plasma", "drug", "concentrations", "were", "obtained", "by", "developing", "and", "applying", "a", "population", "pharmacokinetic", "model", "using", "nonlinear", "mixed", "-", "effects", "modeling", ".", "Armodafinil", "200", "mg", "produced", "a", "plasma", "concentration", "above", "the", "EC", "(", "50", ")", "(", "4.6", "µg", "/", "mL", ")", "for", "9", "hours", ",", "whereas", "modafinil", "200", "mg", "did", "not", "exceed", "the", "EC", "(", "50", ")", ".", "Consequently", ",", "armodafinil", "produced", "greater", "increases", "in", "predicted", "placebo", "-", "subtracted", "MSLT", "times", "of", "0.5", "-", "1", "minute", "(", "up", "to", "10", "hours", "after", "dosing", ")", "compared", "with", "modafinil", ".", "On", "a", "milligram", "-", "to", "-", "milligram", "basis", ",", "armodafinil", "200", "mg", "consistently", "increased", "wakefulness", "more", "than", "modafinil", "200", "mg", ",", "including", "times", "late", "in", "the", "8-hour", "shift", "." ]

[ "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Control", "Participant_Sample-size" ]

kinin B1 receptor is a GENE-Y, NADPH oxidase is a GENE-N

21600945_task0

Sentence: Cigarette smoke-induced kinin B1 receptor promotes NADPH oxidase activity in cultured human alveolar epithelial cells. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GENE-Y, GENE-N

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Cigarette smoke-induced kinin B1 receptor promotes NADPH oxidase activity in cultured human alveolar epithelial cells.

[ "Cigarette", "smoke", "-", "induced", "kinin", "B1", "receptor", "promotes", "NADPH", "oxidase", "activity", "in", "cultured", "human", "alveolar", "epithelial", "cells", "." ]

[ "CHEMICAL", "GENE-Y", "GENE-N" ]

kinin B1 receptor is a GENE-Y, NADPH oxidase is a GENE-N

21600945_task1

Sentence: Cigarette smoke-induced kinin B1 receptor promotes NADPH oxidase activity in cultured human alveolar epithelial cells. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: kinin B1 receptor, NADPH oxidase Options: GENE-Y, GENE-N

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Cigarette smoke-induced kinin B1 receptor promotes NADPH oxidase activity in cultured human alveolar epithelial cells.

[ "Cigarette", "smoke", "-", "induced", "kinin", "B1", "receptor", "promotes", "NADPH", "oxidase", "activity", "in", "cultured", "human", "alveolar", "epithelial", "cells", "." ]

[ "CHEMICAL", "GENE-Y", "GENE-N" ]

kinin B1 receptor, NADPH oxidase

21600945_task2

Sentence: Cigarette smoke-induced kinin B1 receptor promotes NADPH oxidase activity in cultured human alveolar epithelial cells. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "I-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Cigarette smoke-induced kinin B1 receptor promotes NADPH oxidase activity in cultured human alveolar epithelial cells.

[ "Cigarette", "smoke", "-", "induced", "kinin", "B1", "receptor", "promotes", "NADPH", "oxidase", "activity", "in", "cultured", "human", "alveolar", "epithelial", "cells", "." ]

[ "CHEMICAL", "GENE-Y", "GENE-N" ]

distribution is an umlsterm, Laminin is an umlsterm, surgery is an umlsterm, methods is an umlsterm, Autografts is an umlsterm, common carotid artery is an umlsterm, Wistar rats is an umlsterm, distribution is an umlsterm, Laminin is an umlsterm, distribution is an umlsterm, Laminin is an umlsterm, function is an umlsterm, single is an umlsterm, intima is an umlsterm, Laminin is an umlsterm, distance is an umlsterm, vessel is an umlsterm, cells is an umlsterm, media is an umlsterm, axis is an umlsterm, direction is an umlsterm, Laminin - positive is an umlsterm, vasa vasorum is an umlsterm, hyperplasia is an umlsterm, autograft is an umlsterm, Laminin - positive is an umlsterm, extracellular matrix is an umlsterm, suture technique is an umlsterm, surgery is an umlsterm

MundKieferGesichtschirurgie.80020118.eng.abstr_task0

Sentence: Aim : To investigate the distribution of Laminin in experimental microvascular surgery . Material and methods : Autografts ( 4 mm ) of the left common carotid artery in 20 Wistar rats were harvested after 4 weeks . The specimens were investigated immunohistochemically for the demonstration and distribution of Laminin . Results : The demonstration and distribution pattern of Laminin was a function of the accuracy of each single suture . In the intima , the organisation and amount of Laminin was directed to the lumen and dependent from the distance and vitality of the vessel segments ' cells . The media had in its axis direction the lowest reparative potency to regenerate the continuity break . The adventitia formed a thick cuff around the anastomosis , which was circularly grown through with Laminin-positive vasa vasorum . The marked myointimal hyperplasia in the area around the anastomosis and in the entire autograft was constituted of Laminin-positive extracellular matrix . Conclusions : Our results support the demand for a careful and atraumatic suture technique in microvascular surgery . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]

Aim : To investigate the distribution of Laminin in experimental microvascular surgery . Material and methods : Autografts ( 4 mm ) of the left common carotid artery in 20 Wistar rats were harvested after 4 weeks . The specimens were investigated immunohistochemically for the demonstration and distribution of Laminin . Results : The demonstration and distribution pattern of Laminin was a function of the accuracy of each single suture . In the intima , the organisation and amount of Laminin was directed to the lumen and dependent from the distance and vitality of the vessel segments ' cells . The media had in its axis direction the lowest reparative potency to regenerate the continuity break . The adventitia formed a thick cuff around the anastomosis , which was circularly grown through with Laminin-positive vasa vasorum . The marked myointimal hyperplasia in the area around the anastomosis and in the entire autograft was constituted of Laminin-positive extracellular matrix . Conclusions : Our results support the demand for a careful and atraumatic suture technique in microvascular surgery .

[ "Aim", ":", "To", "investigate", "the", "distribution", "of", "Laminin", "in", "experimental", "microvascular", "surgery", ".", "Material", "and", "methods", ":", "Autografts", "(", "4", "mm", ")", "of", "the", "left", "common", "carotid", "artery", "in", "20", "Wistar", "rats", "were", "harvested", "after", "4", "weeks", ".", "The", "specimens", "were", "investigated", "immunohistochemically", "for", "the", "demonstration", "and", "distribution", "of", "Laminin", ".", "Results", ":", "The", "demonstration", "and", "distribution", "pattern", "of", "Laminin", "was", "a", "function", "of", "the", "accuracy", "of", "each", "single", "suture", ".", "In", "the", "intima", ",", "the", "organisation", "and", "amount", "of", "Laminin", "was", "directed", "to", "the", "lumen", "and", "dependent", "from", "the", "distance", "and", "vitality", "of", "the", "vessel", "segments", "'", "cells", ".", "The", "media", "had", "in", "its", "axis", "direction", "the", "lowest", "reparative", "potency", "to", "regenerate", "the", "continuity", "break", ".", "The", "adventitia", "formed", "a", "thick", "cuff", "around", "the", "anastomosis", ",", "which", "was", "circularly", "grown", "through", "with", "Laminin", "-", "positive", "vasa", "vasorum", ".", "The", "marked", "myointimal", "hyperplasia", "in", "the", "area", "around", "the", "anastomosis", "and", "in", "the", "entire", "autograft", "was", "constituted", "of", "Laminin", "-", "positive", "extracellular", "matrix", ".", "Conclusions", ":", "Our", "results", "support", "the", "demand", "for", "a", "careful", "and", "atraumatic", "suture", "technique", "in", "microvascular", "surgery", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

distribution is an umlsterm, Laminin is an umlsterm, surgery is an umlsterm, methods is an umlsterm, Autografts is an umlsterm, common carotid artery is an umlsterm, Wistar rats is an umlsterm, distribution is an umlsterm, Laminin is an umlsterm, distribution is an umlsterm, Laminin is an umlsterm, function is an umlsterm, single is an umlsterm, intima is an umlsterm, Laminin is an umlsterm, distance is an umlsterm, vessel is an umlsterm, cells is an umlsterm, media is an umlsterm, axis is an umlsterm, direction is an umlsterm, Laminin - positive is an umlsterm, vasa vasorum is an umlsterm, hyperplasia is an umlsterm, autograft is an umlsterm, Laminin - positive is an umlsterm, extracellular matrix is an umlsterm, suture technique is an umlsterm, surgery is an umlsterm

MundKieferGesichtschirurgie.80020118.eng.abstr_task1

Sentence: Aim : To investigate the distribution of Laminin in experimental microvascular surgery . Material and methods : Autografts ( 4 mm ) of the left common carotid artery in 20 Wistar rats were harvested after 4 weeks . The specimens were investigated immunohistochemically for the demonstration and distribution of Laminin . Results : The demonstration and distribution pattern of Laminin was a function of the accuracy of each single suture . In the intima , the organisation and amount of Laminin was directed to the lumen and dependent from the distance and vitality of the vessel segments ' cells . The media had in its axis direction the lowest reparative potency to regenerate the continuity break . The adventitia formed a thick cuff around the anastomosis , which was circularly grown through with Laminin-positive vasa vasorum . The marked myointimal hyperplasia in the area around the anastomosis and in the entire autograft was constituted of Laminin-positive extracellular matrix . Conclusions : Our results support the demand for a careful and atraumatic suture technique in microvascular surgery . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: distribution, Laminin, surgery, methods, Autografts, common carotid artery, Wistar rats, distribution, Laminin, distribution, Laminin, function, single, intima, Laminin, distance, vessel, cells, media, axis, direction, Laminin - positive, vasa vasorum, hyperplasia, autograft, Laminin - positive, extracellular matrix, suture technique, surgery Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]

Aim : To investigate the distribution of Laminin in experimental microvascular surgery . Material and methods : Autografts ( 4 mm ) of the left common carotid artery in 20 Wistar rats were harvested after 4 weeks . The specimens were investigated immunohistochemically for the demonstration and distribution of Laminin . Results : The demonstration and distribution pattern of Laminin was a function of the accuracy of each single suture . In the intima , the organisation and amount of Laminin was directed to the lumen and dependent from the distance and vitality of the vessel segments ' cells . The media had in its axis direction the lowest reparative potency to regenerate the continuity break . The adventitia formed a thick cuff around the anastomosis , which was circularly grown through with Laminin-positive vasa vasorum . The marked myointimal hyperplasia in the area around the anastomosis and in the entire autograft was constituted of Laminin-positive extracellular matrix . Conclusions : Our results support the demand for a careful and atraumatic suture technique in microvascular surgery .

[ "Aim", ":", "To", "investigate", "the", "distribution", "of", "Laminin", "in", "experimental", "microvascular", "surgery", ".", "Material", "and", "methods", ":", "Autografts", "(", "4", "mm", ")", "of", "the", "left", "common", "carotid", "artery", "in", "20", "Wistar", "rats", "were", "harvested", "after", "4", "weeks", ".", "The", "specimens", "were", "investigated", "immunohistochemically", "for", "the", "demonstration", "and", "distribution", "of", "Laminin", ".", "Results", ":", "The", "demonstration", "and", "distribution", "pattern", "of", "Laminin", "was", "a", "function", "of", "the", "accuracy", "of", "each", "single", "suture", ".", "In", "the", "intima", ",", "the", "organisation", "and", "amount", "of", "Laminin", "was", "directed", "to", "the", "lumen", "and", "dependent", "from", "the", "distance", "and", "vitality", "of", "the", "vessel", "segments", "'", "cells", ".", "The", "media", "had", "in", "its", "axis", "direction", "the", "lowest", "reparative", "potency", "to", "regenerate", "the", "continuity", "break", ".", "The", "adventitia", "formed", "a", "thick", "cuff", "around", "the", "anastomosis", ",", "which", "was", "circularly", "grown", "through", "with", "Laminin", "-", "positive", "vasa", "vasorum", ".", "The", "marked", "myointimal", "hyperplasia", "in", "the", "area", "around", "the", "anastomosis", "and", "in", "the", "entire", "autograft", "was", "constituted", "of", "Laminin", "-", "positive", "extracellular", "matrix", ".", "Conclusions", ":", "Our", "results", "support", "the", "demand", "for", "a", "careful", "and", "atraumatic", "suture", "technique", "in", "microvascular", "surgery", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

distribution, Laminin, surgery, methods, Autografts, common carotid artery, Wistar rats, distribution, Laminin, distribution, Laminin, function, single, intima, Laminin, distance, vessel, cells, media, axis, direction, Laminin - positive, vasa vasorum, hyperplasia, autograft, Laminin - positive, extracellular matrix, suture technique, surgery

MundKieferGesichtschirurgie.80020118.eng.abstr_task2

Sentence: Aim : To investigate the distribution of Laminin in experimental microvascular surgery . Material and methods : Autografts ( 4 mm ) of the left common carotid artery in 20 Wistar rats were harvested after 4 weeks . The specimens were investigated immunohistochemically for the demonstration and distribution of Laminin . Results : The demonstration and distribution pattern of Laminin was a function of the accuracy of each single suture . In the intima , the organisation and amount of Laminin was directed to the lumen and dependent from the distance and vitality of the vessel segments ' cells . The media had in its axis direction the lowest reparative potency to regenerate the continuity break . The adventitia formed a thick cuff around the anastomosis , which was circularly grown through with Laminin-positive vasa vasorum . The marked myointimal hyperplasia in the area around the anastomosis and in the entire autograft was constituted of Laminin-positive extracellular matrix . Conclusions : Our results support the demand for a careful and atraumatic suture technique in microvascular surgery . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]

Aim : To investigate the distribution of Laminin in experimental microvascular surgery . Material and methods : Autografts ( 4 mm ) of the left common carotid artery in 20 Wistar rats were harvested after 4 weeks . The specimens were investigated immunohistochemically for the demonstration and distribution of Laminin . Results : The demonstration and distribution pattern of Laminin was a function of the accuracy of each single suture . In the intima , the organisation and amount of Laminin was directed to the lumen and dependent from the distance and vitality of the vessel segments ' cells . The media had in its axis direction the lowest reparative potency to regenerate the continuity break . The adventitia formed a thick cuff around the anastomosis , which was circularly grown through with Laminin-positive vasa vasorum . The marked myointimal hyperplasia in the area around the anastomosis and in the entire autograft was constituted of Laminin-positive extracellular matrix . Conclusions : Our results support the demand for a careful and atraumatic suture technique in microvascular surgery .

[ "Aim", ":", "To", "investigate", "the", "distribution", "of", "Laminin", "in", "experimental", "microvascular", "surgery", ".", "Material", "and", "methods", ":", "Autografts", "(", "4", "mm", ")", "of", "the", "left", "common", "carotid", "artery", "in", "20", "Wistar", "rats", "were", "harvested", "after", "4", "weeks", ".", "The", "specimens", "were", "investigated", "immunohistochemically", "for", "the", "demonstration", "and", "distribution", "of", "Laminin", ".", "Results", ":", "The", "demonstration", "and", "distribution", "pattern", "of", "Laminin", "was", "a", "function", "of", "the", "accuracy", "of", "each", "single", "suture", ".", "In", "the", "intima", ",", "the", "organisation", "and", "amount", "of", "Laminin", "was", "directed", "to", "the", "lumen", "and", "dependent", "from", "the", "distance", "and", "vitality", "of", "the", "vessel", "segments", "'", "cells", ".", "The", "media", "had", "in", "its", "axis", "direction", "the", "lowest", "reparative", "potency", "to", "regenerate", "the", "continuity", "break", ".", "The", "adventitia", "formed", "a", "thick", "cuff", "around", "the", "anastomosis", ",", "which", "was", "circularly", "grown", "through", "with", "Laminin", "-", "positive", "vasa", "vasorum", ".", "The", "marked", "myointimal", "hyperplasia", "in", "the", "area", "around", "the", "anastomosis", "and", "in", "the", "entire", "autograft", "was", "constituted", "of", "Laminin", "-", "positive", "extracellular", "matrix", ".", "Conclusions", ":", "Our", "results", "support", "the", "demand", "for", "a", "careful", "and", "atraumatic", "suture", "technique", "in", "microvascular", "surgery", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

vacuolar invertase is a protein, sucrose is a compound

DS.d1357_task0

Sentence: These were mutated in onion vacuolar invertase (acINV) according to the residue in festuca sucrose : sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (saSST) and vice versa. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: compound, protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

These were mutated in onion vacuolar invertase (acINV) according to the residue in festuca sucrose : sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (saSST) and vice versa.

[ "These", "were", "mutated", "in", "onion", "vacuolar", "invertase", "(", "acINV", ")", "according", "to", "the", "residue", "in", "festuca", "sucrose", ":", "sucrose", "1-fructosyltransferase", "(", "saSST", ")", "and", "vice", "versa", "." ]

[ "protein", "compound" ]

vacuolar invertase is a protein, sucrose is a compound

DS.d1357_task1

Sentence: These were mutated in onion vacuolar invertase (acINV) according to the residue in festuca sucrose : sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (saSST) and vice versa. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: vacuolar invertase, sucrose Options: compound, protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

These were mutated in onion vacuolar invertase (acINV) according to the residue in festuca sucrose : sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (saSST) and vice versa.

[ "These", "were", "mutated", "in", "onion", "vacuolar", "invertase", "(", "acINV", ")", "according", "to", "the", "residue", "in", "festuca", "sucrose", ":", "sucrose", "1-fructosyltransferase", "(", "saSST", ")", "and", "vice", "versa", "." ]

[ "protein", "compound" ]

vacuolar invertase, sucrose

DS.d1357_task2

Sentence: These were mutated in onion vacuolar invertase (acINV) according to the residue in festuca sucrose : sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (saSST) and vice versa. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

These were mutated in onion vacuolar invertase (acINV) according to the residue in festuca sucrose : sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (saSST) and vice versa.

[ "These", "were", "mutated", "in", "onion", "vacuolar", "invertase", "(", "acINV", ")", "according", "to", "the", "residue", "in", "festuca", "sucrose", ":", "sucrose", "1-fructosyltransferase", "(", "saSST", ")", "and", "vice", "versa", "." ]

[ "protein", "compound" ]

This study investigated whether instruction that involves comparing the equal sign with other relational symbols is more effective at imparting a relational interpretation of the equal sign than instruction about the equal sign alone is a Intervention_Educational, Third- and fourth - grade students in a comparing symbols group learned about the greater than , less than , and equal signs and had the opportunity to compare the inequality symbols with the equal sign is a Intervention_Educational, Students in an equal sign group learned about the equal sign only is a Intervention_Educational, control group is a Intervention_Control, conceptual understanding of the equal sign is a Outcome_Mental, equation encoding is a Outcome_Mental, problem solving is a Outcome_Mental, posttest that assessed knowledge about inequality symbols and inequality problem solving is a Outcome_Mental

45807_task0

Sentence: Learning about the equal sign : does comparing with inequality symbols help ? This study investigated whether instruction that involves comparing the equal sign with other relational symbols is more effective at imparting a relational interpretation of the equal sign than instruction about the equal sign alone . Third- and fourth-grade students in a comparing symbols group learned about the greater than , less than , and equal signs and had the opportunity to compare the inequality symbols with the equal sign . Students in an equal sign group learned about the equal sign only . A third group of students served as a control group . Three aspects of students ' knowledge were assessed before and after the lesson : ( a ) conceptual understanding of the equal sign , ( b ) equation encoding , and ( c ) problem solving . Students in the comparing symbols group showed greater gains in conceptual understanding from pretest to posttest than students in the other two groups , and students in the comparing symbols group also scored higher on a posttest that assessed knowledge about inequality symbols and inequality problem solving . Thus , they learned about three symbols in the same amount of time as other students learned about the equal sign alone or not at all . Therefore , an instructional approach involving comparison can be an effective tool for learning about concepts in mathematics . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Educational, Intervention_Control, Outcome_Mental

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Learning about the equal sign : does comparing with inequality symbols help ? This study investigated whether instruction that involves comparing the equal sign with other relational symbols is more effective at imparting a relational interpretation of the equal sign than instruction about the equal sign alone . Third- and fourth-grade students in a comparing symbols group learned about the greater than , less than , and equal signs and had the opportunity to compare the inequality symbols with the equal sign . Students in an equal sign group learned about the equal sign only . A third group of students served as a control group . Three aspects of students ' knowledge were assessed before and after the lesson : ( a ) conceptual understanding of the equal sign , ( b ) equation encoding , and ( c ) problem solving . Students in the comparing symbols group showed greater gains in conceptual understanding from pretest to posttest than students in the other two groups , and students in the comparing symbols group also scored higher on a posttest that assessed knowledge about inequality symbols and inequality problem solving . Thus , they learned about three symbols in the same amount of time as other students learned about the equal sign alone or not at all . Therefore , an instructional approach involving comparison can be an effective tool for learning about concepts in mathematics .

[ "Learning", "about", "the", "equal", "sign", ":", "does", "comparing", "with", "inequality", "symbols", "help", "?", "This", "study", "investigated", "whether", "instruction", "that", "involves", "comparing", "the", "equal", "sign", "with", "other", "relational", "symbols", "is", "more", "effective", "at", "imparting", "a", "relational", "interpretation", "of", "the", "equal", "sign", "than", "instruction", "about", "the", "equal", "sign", "alone", ".", "Third-", "and", "fourth", "-", "grade", "students", "in", "a", "comparing", "symbols", "group", "learned", "about", "the", "greater", "than", ",", "less", "than", ",", "and", "equal", "signs", "and", "had", "the", "opportunity", "to", "compare", "the", "inequality", "symbols", "with", "the", "equal", "sign", ".", "Students", "in", "an", "equal", "sign", "group", "learned", "about", "the", "equal", "sign", "only", ".", "A", "third", "group", "of", "students", "served", "as", "a", "control", "group", ".", "Three", "aspects", "of", "students", "'", "knowledge", "were", "assessed", "before", "and", "after", "the", "lesson", ":", "(", "a", ")", "conceptual", "understanding", "of", "the", "equal", "sign", ",", "(", "b", ")", "equation", "encoding", ",", "and", "(", "c", ")", "problem", "solving", ".", "Students", "in", "the", "comparing", "symbols", "group", "showed", "greater", "gains", "in", "conceptual", "understanding", "from", "pretest", "to", "posttest", "than", "students", "in", "the", "other", "two", "groups", ",", "and", "students", "in", "the", "comparing", "symbols", "group", "also", "scored", "higher", "on", "a", "posttest", "that", "assessed", "knowledge", "about", "inequality", "symbols", "and", "inequality", "problem", "solving", ".", "Thus", ",", "they", "learned", "about", "three", "symbols", "in", "the", "same", "amount", "of", "time", "as", "other", "students", "learned", "about", "the", "equal", "sign", "alone", "or", "not", "at", "all", ".", "Therefore", ",", "an", "instructional", "approach", "involving", "comparison", "can", "be", "an", "effective", "tool", "for", "learning", "about", "concepts", "in", "mathematics", "." ]

[ "Intervention_Educational", "Outcome_Mental", "Participant_Age", "Intervention_Control" ]

This study investigated whether instruction that involves comparing the equal sign with other relational symbols is more effective at imparting a relational interpretation of the equal sign than instruction about the equal sign alone is a Intervention_Educational, Third- and fourth - grade students in a comparing symbols group learned about the greater than , less than , and equal signs and had the opportunity to compare the inequality symbols with the equal sign is a Intervention_Educational, Students in an equal sign group learned about the equal sign only is a Intervention_Educational, control group is a Intervention_Control, conceptual understanding of the equal sign is a Outcome_Mental, equation encoding is a Outcome_Mental, problem solving is a Outcome_Mental, posttest that assessed knowledge about inequality symbols and inequality problem solving is a Outcome_Mental

45807_task1

Sentence: Learning about the equal sign : does comparing with inequality symbols help ? This study investigated whether instruction that involves comparing the equal sign with other relational symbols is more effective at imparting a relational interpretation of the equal sign than instruction about the equal sign alone . Third- and fourth-grade students in a comparing symbols group learned about the greater than , less than , and equal signs and had the opportunity to compare the inequality symbols with the equal sign . Students in an equal sign group learned about the equal sign only . A third group of students served as a control group . Three aspects of students ' knowledge were assessed before and after the lesson : ( a ) conceptual understanding of the equal sign , ( b ) equation encoding , and ( c ) problem solving . Students in the comparing symbols group showed greater gains in conceptual understanding from pretest to posttest than students in the other two groups , and students in the comparing symbols group also scored higher on a posttest that assessed knowledge about inequality symbols and inequality problem solving . Thus , they learned about three symbols in the same amount of time as other students learned about the equal sign alone or not at all . Therefore , an instructional approach involving comparison can be an effective tool for learning about concepts in mathematics . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: This study investigated whether instruction that involves comparing the equal sign with other relational symbols is more effective at imparting a relational interpretation of the equal sign than instruction about the equal sign alone, Third- and fourth - grade students in a comparing symbols group learned about the greater than , less than , and equal signs and had the opportunity to compare the inequality symbols with the equal sign, Students in an equal sign group learned about the equal sign only, control group, conceptual understanding of the equal sign, equation encoding, problem solving, posttest that assessed knowledge about inequality symbols and inequality problem solving Options: Intervention_Educational, Intervention_Control, Outcome_Mental

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Learning about the equal sign : does comparing with inequality symbols help ? This study investigated whether instruction that involves comparing the equal sign with other relational symbols is more effective at imparting a relational interpretation of the equal sign than instruction about the equal sign alone . Third- and fourth-grade students in a comparing symbols group learned about the greater than , less than , and equal signs and had the opportunity to compare the inequality symbols with the equal sign . Students in an equal sign group learned about the equal sign only . A third group of students served as a control group . Three aspects of students ' knowledge were assessed before and after the lesson : ( a ) conceptual understanding of the equal sign , ( b ) equation encoding , and ( c ) problem solving . Students in the comparing symbols group showed greater gains in conceptual understanding from pretest to posttest than students in the other two groups , and students in the comparing symbols group also scored higher on a posttest that assessed knowledge about inequality symbols and inequality problem solving . Thus , they learned about three symbols in the same amount of time as other students learned about the equal sign alone or not at all . Therefore , an instructional approach involving comparison can be an effective tool for learning about concepts in mathematics .

[ "Learning", "about", "the", "equal", "sign", ":", "does", "comparing", "with", "inequality", "symbols", "help", "?", "This", "study", "investigated", "whether", "instruction", "that", "involves", "comparing", "the", "equal", "sign", "with", "other", "relational", "symbols", "is", "more", "effective", "at", "imparting", "a", "relational", "interpretation", "of", "the", "equal", "sign", "than", "instruction", "about", "the", "equal", "sign", "alone", ".", "Third-", "and", "fourth", "-", "grade", "students", "in", "a", "comparing", "symbols", "group", "learned", "about", "the", "greater", "than", ",", "less", "than", ",", "and", "equal", "signs", "and", "had", "the", "opportunity", "to", "compare", "the", "inequality", "symbols", "with", "the", "equal", "sign", ".", "Students", "in", "an", "equal", "sign", "group", "learned", "about", "the", "equal", "sign", "only", ".", "A", "third", "group", "of", "students", "served", "as", "a", "control", "group", ".", "Three", "aspects", "of", "students", "'", "knowledge", "were", "assessed", "before", "and", "after", "the", "lesson", ":", "(", "a", ")", "conceptual", "understanding", "of", "the", "equal", "sign", ",", "(", "b", ")", "equation", "encoding", ",", "and", "(", "c", ")", "problem", "solving", ".", "Students", "in", "the", "comparing", "symbols", "group", "showed", "greater", "gains", "in", "conceptual", "understanding", "from", "pretest", "to", "posttest", "than", "students", "in", "the", "other", "two", "groups", ",", "and", "students", "in", "the", "comparing", "symbols", "group", "also", "scored", "higher", "on", "a", "posttest", "that", "assessed", "knowledge", "about", "inequality", "symbols", "and", "inequality", "problem", "solving", ".", "Thus", ",", "they", "learned", "about", "three", "symbols", "in", "the", "same", "amount", "of", "time", "as", "other", "students", "learned", "about", "the", "equal", "sign", "alone", "or", "not", "at", "all", ".", "Therefore", ",", "an", "instructional", "approach", "involving", "comparison", "can", "be", "an", "effective", "tool", "for", "learning", "about", "concepts", "in", "mathematics", "." ]

[ "Intervention_Educational", "Outcome_Mental", "Participant_Age", "Intervention_Control" ]

This study investigated whether instruction that involves comparing the equal sign with other relational symbols is more effective at imparting a relational interpretation of the equal sign than instruction about the equal sign alone, Third- and fourth - grade students in a comparing symbols group learned about the greater than , less than , and equal signs and had the opportunity to compare the inequality symbols with the equal sign, Students in an equal sign group learned about the equal sign only, control group, conceptual understanding of the equal sign, equation encoding, problem solving, posttest that assessed knowledge about inequality symbols and inequality problem solving

45807_task2

Sentence: Learning about the equal sign : does comparing with inequality symbols help ? This study investigated whether instruction that involves comparing the equal sign with other relational symbols is more effective at imparting a relational interpretation of the equal sign than instruction about the equal sign alone . Third- and fourth-grade students in a comparing symbols group learned about the greater than , less than , and equal signs and had the opportunity to compare the inequality symbols with the equal sign . Students in an equal sign group learned about the equal sign only . A third group of students served as a control group . Three aspects of students ' knowledge were assessed before and after the lesson : ( a ) conceptual understanding of the equal sign , ( b ) equation encoding , and ( c ) problem solving . Students in the comparing symbols group showed greater gains in conceptual understanding from pretest to posttest than students in the other two groups , and students in the comparing symbols group also scored higher on a posttest that assessed knowledge about inequality symbols and inequality problem solving . Thus , they learned about three symbols in the same amount of time as other students learned about the equal sign alone or not at all . Therefore , an instructional approach involving comparison can be an effective tool for learning about concepts in mathematics . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Learning about the equal sign : does comparing with inequality symbols help ? This study investigated whether instruction that involves comparing the equal sign with other relational symbols is more effective at imparting a relational interpretation of the equal sign than instruction about the equal sign alone . Third- and fourth-grade students in a comparing symbols group learned about the greater than , less than , and equal signs and had the opportunity to compare the inequality symbols with the equal sign . Students in an equal sign group learned about the equal sign only . A third group of students served as a control group . Three aspects of students ' knowledge were assessed before and after the lesson : ( a ) conceptual understanding of the equal sign , ( b ) equation encoding , and ( c ) problem solving . Students in the comparing symbols group showed greater gains in conceptual understanding from pretest to posttest than students in the other two groups , and students in the comparing symbols group also scored higher on a posttest that assessed knowledge about inequality symbols and inequality problem solving . Thus , they learned about three symbols in the same amount of time as other students learned about the equal sign alone or not at all . Therefore , an instructional approach involving comparison can be an effective tool for learning about concepts in mathematics .

[ "Learning", "about", "the", "equal", "sign", ":", "does", "comparing", "with", "inequality", "symbols", "help", "?", "This", "study", "investigated", "whether", "instruction", "that", "involves", "comparing", "the", "equal", "sign", "with", "other", "relational", "symbols", "is", "more", "effective", "at", "imparting", "a", "relational", "interpretation", "of", "the", "equal", "sign", "than", "instruction", "about", "the", "equal", "sign", "alone", ".", "Third-", "and", "fourth", "-", "grade", "students", "in", "a", "comparing", "symbols", "group", "learned", "about", "the", "greater", "than", ",", "less", "than", ",", "and", "equal", "signs", "and", "had", "the", "opportunity", "to", "compare", "the", "inequality", "symbols", "with", "the", "equal", "sign", ".", "Students", "in", "an", "equal", "sign", "group", "learned", "about", "the", "equal", "sign", "only", ".", "A", "third", "group", "of", "students", "served", "as", "a", "control", "group", ".", "Three", "aspects", "of", "students", "'", "knowledge", "were", "assessed", "before", "and", "after", "the", "lesson", ":", "(", "a", ")", "conceptual", "understanding", "of", "the", "equal", "sign", ",", "(", "b", ")", "equation", "encoding", ",", "and", "(", "c", ")", "problem", "solving", ".", "Students", "in", "the", "comparing", "symbols", "group", "showed", "greater", "gains", "in", "conceptual", "understanding", "from", "pretest", "to", "posttest", "than", "students", "in", "the", "other", "two", "groups", ",", "and", "students", "in", "the", "comparing", "symbols", "group", "also", "scored", "higher", "on", "a", "posttest", "that", "assessed", "knowledge", "about", "inequality", "symbols", "and", "inequality", "problem", "solving", ".", "Thus", ",", "they", "learned", "about", "three", "symbols", "in", "the", "same", "amount", "of", "time", "as", "other", "students", "learned", "about", "the", "equal", "sign", "alone", "or", "not", "at", "all", ".", "Therefore", ",", "an", "instructional", "approach", "involving", "comparison", "can", "be", "an", "effective", "tool", "for", "learning", "about", "concepts", "in", "mathematics", "." ]

[ "Intervention_Educational", "Outcome_Mental", "Participant_Age", "Intervention_Control" ]

HSF1 is a Protein, HSF1 is a Protein, IL1B is a Protein, c- fos is a Protein, HSF1 is a Protein, IL1B is a Protein, promoter is a Entity, HSF1 is a Protein, HSF1 is a Protein, TNF - alpha is a Protein, IL-1beta is a Protein, IL-6 is a Protein, IL-8 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, ICAM-1 is a Protein, IL1B is a Protein, promoter is a Entity, IL1B is a Protein, promoter is a Entity, HSF1 is a Protein, HSP70B is a Protein, promoter is a Entity, HSP70 is a Protein, HSF1 is a Protein, HSF1 is a Protein

176_task0

Sentence: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the expression of cytokines and induce HSP70 in human monocytes. Recent studies have shown that the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) activate heat shock transcription factor (HSF1) from a latent cytoplasmic form to a nuclear, DNA binding state. As HSF1 can function as both an activator of heat shock genes and a repressor of non-heat shock genes such as IL1B and c- fos, we have examined the potential role of HSF1 in the effects of NSAIDs on gene expression in a human monocytic cell line THP-1. We found that two members of the NSAIDs, sodium salicylate and sulindac repress the IL1B promoter to similar degree to heat shock or HSF1 overexpression. In addition, sodium salicylate and additional NSAIDs used at concentrations that activate HSF1 also inhibited the expression of other monocytic genes (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, ICAM-1) activated by exposure to a pro-inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). At least in the case of the IL1B promoter, repression did not seem to involve another factor whose activity is affected by the NSAIDs, NFkappaB as the IL1B promoter fragment used in our studies is not NFkappaB responsive and binds specifically to HSF1. Exposure to NSAIDs had a complex effect on HSP gene expression and while sulindac activated the stress responsive HSP70B promoter, sodium salicylate did not. In addition, only a subset of the NSAIDs induced HSP70 mRNA species. These findings reflect the properties of HSF1 which can be activated to at least two DNA binding forms only one of which activates heat shock promoters and suggest that individual NSAID family members may differentially induce one or other of these forms. Overall therefore, exposure to NSAIDs leads to a profound switch in gene expression in monocytic cells, with suppression of genes involved in macrophage activation and induction of stress genes and HSF1 appears to play a regulatory role in these effects. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Entity, Protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "B-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "B-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "B-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "B-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the expression of cytokines and induce HSP70 in human monocytes. Recent studies have shown that the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) activate heat shock transcription factor (HSF1) from a latent cytoplasmic form to a nuclear, DNA binding state. As HSF1 can function as both an activator of heat shock genes and a repressor of non-heat shock genes such as IL1B and c- fos, we have examined the potential role of HSF1 in the effects of NSAIDs on gene expression in a human monocytic cell line THP-1. We found that two members of the NSAIDs, sodium salicylate and sulindac repress the IL1B promoter to similar degree to heat shock or HSF1 overexpression. In addition, sodium salicylate and additional NSAIDs used at concentrations that activate HSF1 also inhibited the expression of other monocytic genes (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, ICAM-1) activated by exposure to a pro-inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). At least in the case of the IL1B promoter, repression did not seem to involve another factor whose activity is affected by the NSAIDs, NFkappaB as the IL1B promoter fragment used in our studies is not NFkappaB responsive and binds specifically to HSF1. Exposure to NSAIDs had a complex effect on HSP gene expression and while sulindac activated the stress responsive HSP70B promoter, sodium salicylate did not. In addition, only a subset of the NSAIDs induced HSP70 mRNA species. These findings reflect the properties of HSF1 which can be activated to at least two DNA binding forms only one of which activates heat shock promoters and suggest that individual NSAID family members may differentially induce one or other of these forms. Overall therefore, exposure to NSAIDs leads to a profound switch in gene expression in monocytic cells, with suppression of genes involved in macrophage activation and induction of stress genes and HSF1 appears to play a regulatory role in these effects. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.

[ "Non", "-", "steroidal", "anti", "-", "inflammatory", "drugs", "inhibit", "the", "expression", "of", "cytokines", "and", "induce", "HSP70", "in", "human", "monocytes", ".", "\n", "Recent", "studies", "have", "shown", "that", "the", "non", "-", "steroidal", "anti", "-", "inflammatory", "drugs", "(", "NSAIDs", ")", "activate", "heat", "shock", "transcription", "factor", "(", "HSF1", ")", "from", "a", "latent", "cytoplasmic", "form", "to", "a", "nuclear", ",", "DNA", "binding", "state", ".", "As", "HSF1", "can", "function", "as", "both", "an", "activator", "of", "heat", "shock", "genes", "and", "a", "repressor", "of", "non", "-", "heat", "shock", "genes", "such", "as", "IL1B", "and", "c-", "fos", ",", "we", "have", "examined", "the", "potential", "role", "of", "HSF1", "in", "the", "effects", "of", "NSAIDs", "on", "gene", "expression", "in", "a", "human", "monocytic", "cell", "line", "THP-1", ".", "We", "found", "that", "two", "members", "of", "the", "NSAIDs", ",", "sodium", "salicylate", "and", "sulindac", "repress", "the", "IL1B", "promoter", "to", "similar", "degree", "to", "heat", "shock", "or", "HSF1", "overexpression", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "sodium", "salicylate", "and", "additional", "NSAIDs", "used", "at", "concentrations", "that", "activate", "HSF1", "also", "inhibited", "the", "expression", "of", "other", "monocytic", "genes", "(", "TNF", "-", "alpha", ",", "IL-1beta", ",", "IL-6", ",", "IL-8", ",", "IL-10", ",", "ICAM-1", ")", "activated", "by", "exposure", "to", "a", "pro", "-", "inflammatory", "stimulus", "(", "lipopolysaccharide", ",", "LPS", ")", ".", "At", "least", "in", "the", "case", "of", "the", "IL1B", "promoter", ",", "repression", "did", "not", "seem", "to", "involve", "another", "factor", "whose", "activity", "is", "affected", "by", "the", "NSAIDs", ",", "NFkappaB", "as", "the", "IL1B", "promoter", "fragment", "used", "in", "our", "studies", "is", "not", "NFkappaB", "responsive", "and", "binds", "specifically", "to", "HSF1", ".", "Exposure", "to", "NSAIDs", "had", "a", "complex", "effect", "on", "HSP", "gene", "expression", "and", "while", "sulindac", "activated", "the", "stress", "responsive", "HSP70B", "promoter", ",", "sodium", "salicylate", "did", "not", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "only", "a", "subset", "of", "the", "NSAIDs", "induced", "HSP70", "mRNA", "species", ".", "These", "findings", "reflect", "the", "properties", "of", "HSF1", "which", "can", "be", "activated", "to", "at", "least", "two", "DNA", "binding", "forms", "only", "one", "of", "which", "activates", "heat", "shock", "promoters", "and", "suggest", "that", "individual", "NSAID", "family", "members", "may", "differentially", "induce", "one", "or", "other", "of", "these", "forms", ".", "Overall", "therefore", ",", "exposure", "to", "NSAIDs", "leads", "to", "a", "profound", "switch", "in", "gene", "expression", "in", "monocytic", "cells", ",", "with", "suppression", "of", "genes", "involved", "in", "macrophage", "activation", "and", "induction", "of", "stress", "genes", "and", "HSF1", "appears", "to", "play", "a", "regulatory", "role", "in", "these", "effects", ".", "Copyright", "1999", "Academic", "Press", "." ]

[ "Protein", "Entity" ]

HSF1 is a Protein, HSF1 is a Protein, IL1B is a Protein, c- fos is a Protein, HSF1 is a Protein, IL1B is a Protein, promoter is a Entity, HSF1 is a Protein, HSF1 is a Protein, TNF - alpha is a Protein, IL-1beta is a Protein, IL-6 is a Protein, IL-8 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, ICAM-1 is a Protein, IL1B is a Protein, promoter is a Entity, IL1B is a Protein, promoter is a Entity, HSF1 is a Protein, HSP70B is a Protein, promoter is a Entity, HSP70 is a Protein, HSF1 is a Protein, HSF1 is a Protein

176_task1

Sentence: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the expression of cytokines and induce HSP70 in human monocytes. Recent studies have shown that the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) activate heat shock transcription factor (HSF1) from a latent cytoplasmic form to a nuclear, DNA binding state. As HSF1 can function as both an activator of heat shock genes and a repressor of non-heat shock genes such as IL1B and c- fos, we have examined the potential role of HSF1 in the effects of NSAIDs on gene expression in a human monocytic cell line THP-1. We found that two members of the NSAIDs, sodium salicylate and sulindac repress the IL1B promoter to similar degree to heat shock or HSF1 overexpression. In addition, sodium salicylate and additional NSAIDs used at concentrations that activate HSF1 also inhibited the expression of other monocytic genes (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, ICAM-1) activated by exposure to a pro-inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). At least in the case of the IL1B promoter, repression did not seem to involve another factor whose activity is affected by the NSAIDs, NFkappaB as the IL1B promoter fragment used in our studies is not NFkappaB responsive and binds specifically to HSF1. Exposure to NSAIDs had a complex effect on HSP gene expression and while sulindac activated the stress responsive HSP70B promoter, sodium salicylate did not. In addition, only a subset of the NSAIDs induced HSP70 mRNA species. These findings reflect the properties of HSF1 which can be activated to at least two DNA binding forms only one of which activates heat shock promoters and suggest that individual NSAID family members may differentially induce one or other of these forms. Overall therefore, exposure to NSAIDs leads to a profound switch in gene expression in monocytic cells, with suppression of genes involved in macrophage activation and induction of stress genes and HSF1 appears to play a regulatory role in these effects. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: HSF1, HSF1, IL1B, c- fos, HSF1, IL1B, promoter, HSF1, HSF1, TNF - alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, ICAM-1, IL1B, promoter, IL1B, promoter, HSF1, HSP70B, promoter, HSP70, HSF1, HSF1 Options: Entity, Protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "B-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "B-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "B-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "B-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the expression of cytokines and induce HSP70 in human monocytes. Recent studies have shown that the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) activate heat shock transcription factor (HSF1) from a latent cytoplasmic form to a nuclear, DNA binding state. As HSF1 can function as both an activator of heat shock genes and a repressor of non-heat shock genes such as IL1B and c- fos, we have examined the potential role of HSF1 in the effects of NSAIDs on gene expression in a human monocytic cell line THP-1. We found that two members of the NSAIDs, sodium salicylate and sulindac repress the IL1B promoter to similar degree to heat shock or HSF1 overexpression. In addition, sodium salicylate and additional NSAIDs used at concentrations that activate HSF1 also inhibited the expression of other monocytic genes (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, ICAM-1) activated by exposure to a pro-inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). At least in the case of the IL1B promoter, repression did not seem to involve another factor whose activity is affected by the NSAIDs, NFkappaB as the IL1B promoter fragment used in our studies is not NFkappaB responsive and binds specifically to HSF1. Exposure to NSAIDs had a complex effect on HSP gene expression and while sulindac activated the stress responsive HSP70B promoter, sodium salicylate did not. In addition, only a subset of the NSAIDs induced HSP70 mRNA species. These findings reflect the properties of HSF1 which can be activated to at least two DNA binding forms only one of which activates heat shock promoters and suggest that individual NSAID family members may differentially induce one or other of these forms. Overall therefore, exposure to NSAIDs leads to a profound switch in gene expression in monocytic cells, with suppression of genes involved in macrophage activation and induction of stress genes and HSF1 appears to play a regulatory role in these effects. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.

[ "Non", "-", "steroidal", "anti", "-", "inflammatory", "drugs", "inhibit", "the", "expression", "of", "cytokines", "and", "induce", "HSP70", "in", "human", "monocytes", ".", "\n", "Recent", "studies", "have", "shown", "that", "the", "non", "-", "steroidal", "anti", "-", "inflammatory", "drugs", "(", "NSAIDs", ")", "activate", "heat", "shock", "transcription", "factor", "(", "HSF1", ")", "from", "a", "latent", "cytoplasmic", "form", "to", "a", "nuclear", ",", "DNA", "binding", "state", ".", "As", "HSF1", "can", "function", "as", "both", "an", "activator", "of", "heat", "shock", "genes", "and", "a", "repressor", "of", "non", "-", "heat", "shock", "genes", "such", "as", "IL1B", "and", "c-", "fos", ",", "we", "have", "examined", "the", "potential", "role", "of", "HSF1", "in", "the", "effects", "of", "NSAIDs", "on", "gene", "expression", "in", "a", "human", "monocytic", "cell", "line", "THP-1", ".", "We", "found", "that", "two", "members", "of", "the", "NSAIDs", ",", "sodium", "salicylate", "and", "sulindac", "repress", "the", "IL1B", "promoter", "to", "similar", "degree", "to", "heat", "shock", "or", "HSF1", "overexpression", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "sodium", "salicylate", "and", "additional", "NSAIDs", "used", "at", "concentrations", "that", "activate", "HSF1", "also", "inhibited", "the", "expression", "of", "other", "monocytic", "genes", "(", "TNF", "-", "alpha", ",", "IL-1beta", ",", "IL-6", ",", "IL-8", ",", "IL-10", ",", "ICAM-1", ")", "activated", "by", "exposure", "to", "a", "pro", "-", "inflammatory", "stimulus", "(", "lipopolysaccharide", ",", "LPS", ")", ".", "At", "least", "in", "the", "case", "of", "the", "IL1B", "promoter", ",", "repression", "did", "not", "seem", "to", "involve", "another", "factor", "whose", "activity", "is", "affected", "by", "the", "NSAIDs", ",", "NFkappaB", "as", "the", "IL1B", "promoter", "fragment", "used", "in", "our", "studies", "is", "not", "NFkappaB", "responsive", "and", "binds", "specifically", "to", "HSF1", ".", "Exposure", "to", "NSAIDs", "had", "a", "complex", "effect", "on", "HSP", "gene", "expression", "and", "while", "sulindac", "activated", "the", "stress", "responsive", "HSP70B", "promoter", ",", "sodium", "salicylate", "did", "not", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "only", "a", "subset", "of", "the", "NSAIDs", "induced", "HSP70", "mRNA", "species", ".", "These", "findings", "reflect", "the", "properties", "of", "HSF1", "which", "can", "be", "activated", "to", "at", "least", "two", "DNA", "binding", "forms", "only", "one", "of", "which", "activates", "heat", "shock", "promoters", "and", "suggest", "that", "individual", "NSAID", "family", "members", "may", "differentially", "induce", "one", "or", "other", "of", "these", "forms", ".", "Overall", "therefore", ",", "exposure", "to", "NSAIDs", "leads", "to", "a", "profound", "switch", "in", "gene", "expression", "in", "monocytic", "cells", ",", "with", "suppression", "of", "genes", "involved", "in", "macrophage", "activation", "and", "induction", "of", "stress", "genes", "and", "HSF1", "appears", "to", "play", "a", "regulatory", "role", "in", "these", "effects", ".", "Copyright", "1999", "Academic", "Press", "." ]

[ "Protein", "Entity" ]

HSF1, HSF1, IL1B, c- fos, HSF1, IL1B, promoter, HSF1, HSF1, TNF - alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, ICAM-1, IL1B, promoter, IL1B, promoter, HSF1, HSP70B, promoter, HSP70, HSF1, HSF1

176_task2

Sentence: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the expression of cytokines and induce HSP70 in human monocytes. Recent studies have shown that the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) activate heat shock transcription factor (HSF1) from a latent cytoplasmic form to a nuclear, DNA binding state. As HSF1 can function as both an activator of heat shock genes and a repressor of non-heat shock genes such as IL1B and c- fos, we have examined the potential role of HSF1 in the effects of NSAIDs on gene expression in a human monocytic cell line THP-1. We found that two members of the NSAIDs, sodium salicylate and sulindac repress the IL1B promoter to similar degree to heat shock or HSF1 overexpression. In addition, sodium salicylate and additional NSAIDs used at concentrations that activate HSF1 also inhibited the expression of other monocytic genes (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, ICAM-1) activated by exposure to a pro-inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). At least in the case of the IL1B promoter, repression did not seem to involve another factor whose activity is affected by the NSAIDs, NFkappaB as the IL1B promoter fragment used in our studies is not NFkappaB responsive and binds specifically to HSF1. Exposure to NSAIDs had a complex effect on HSP gene expression and while sulindac activated the stress responsive HSP70B promoter, sodium salicylate did not. In addition, only a subset of the NSAIDs induced HSP70 mRNA species. These findings reflect the properties of HSF1 which can be activated to at least two DNA binding forms only one of which activates heat shock promoters and suggest that individual NSAID family members may differentially induce one or other of these forms. Overall therefore, exposure to NSAIDs leads to a profound switch in gene expression in monocytic cells, with suppression of genes involved in macrophage activation and induction of stress genes and HSF1 appears to play a regulatory role in these effects. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "B-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "B-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "B-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "B-Entity", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the expression of cytokines and induce HSP70 in human monocytes. Recent studies have shown that the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) activate heat shock transcription factor (HSF1) from a latent cytoplasmic form to a nuclear, DNA binding state. As HSF1 can function as both an activator of heat shock genes and a repressor of non-heat shock genes such as IL1B and c- fos, we have examined the potential role of HSF1 in the effects of NSAIDs on gene expression in a human monocytic cell line THP-1. We found that two members of the NSAIDs, sodium salicylate and sulindac repress the IL1B promoter to similar degree to heat shock or HSF1 overexpression. In addition, sodium salicylate and additional NSAIDs used at concentrations that activate HSF1 also inhibited the expression of other monocytic genes (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, ICAM-1) activated by exposure to a pro-inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). At least in the case of the IL1B promoter, repression did not seem to involve another factor whose activity is affected by the NSAIDs, NFkappaB as the IL1B promoter fragment used in our studies is not NFkappaB responsive and binds specifically to HSF1. Exposure to NSAIDs had a complex effect on HSP gene expression and while sulindac activated the stress responsive HSP70B promoter, sodium salicylate did not. In addition, only a subset of the NSAIDs induced HSP70 mRNA species. These findings reflect the properties of HSF1 which can be activated to at least two DNA binding forms only one of which activates heat shock promoters and suggest that individual NSAID family members may differentially induce one or other of these forms. Overall therefore, exposure to NSAIDs leads to a profound switch in gene expression in monocytic cells, with suppression of genes involved in macrophage activation and induction of stress genes and HSF1 appears to play a regulatory role in these effects. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.

[ "Non", "-", "steroidal", "anti", "-", "inflammatory", "drugs", "inhibit", "the", "expression", "of", "cytokines", "and", "induce", "HSP70", "in", "human", "monocytes", ".", "\n", "Recent", "studies", "have", "shown", "that", "the", "non", "-", "steroidal", "anti", "-", "inflammatory", "drugs", "(", "NSAIDs", ")", "activate", "heat", "shock", "transcription", "factor", "(", "HSF1", ")", "from", "a", "latent", "cytoplasmic", "form", "to", "a", "nuclear", ",", "DNA", "binding", "state", ".", "As", "HSF1", "can", "function", "as", "both", "an", "activator", "of", "heat", "shock", "genes", "and", "a", "repressor", "of", "non", "-", "heat", "shock", "genes", "such", "as", "IL1B", "and", "c-", "fos", ",", "we", "have", "examined", "the", "potential", "role", "of", "HSF1", "in", "the", "effects", "of", "NSAIDs", "on", "gene", "expression", "in", "a", "human", "monocytic", "cell", "line", "THP-1", ".", "We", "found", "that", "two", "members", "of", "the", "NSAIDs", ",", "sodium", "salicylate", "and", "sulindac", "repress", "the", "IL1B", "promoter", "to", "similar", "degree", "to", "heat", "shock", "or", "HSF1", "overexpression", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "sodium", "salicylate", "and", "additional", "NSAIDs", "used", "at", "concentrations", "that", "activate", "HSF1", "also", "inhibited", "the", "expression", "of", "other", "monocytic", "genes", "(", "TNF", "-", "alpha", ",", "IL-1beta", ",", "IL-6", ",", "IL-8", ",", "IL-10", ",", "ICAM-1", ")", "activated", "by", "exposure", "to", "a", "pro", "-", "inflammatory", "stimulus", "(", "lipopolysaccharide", ",", "LPS", ")", ".", "At", "least", "in", "the", "case", "of", "the", "IL1B", "promoter", ",", "repression", "did", "not", "seem", "to", "involve", "another", "factor", "whose", "activity", "is", "affected", "by", "the", "NSAIDs", ",", "NFkappaB", "as", "the", "IL1B", "promoter", "fragment", "used", "in", "our", "studies", "is", "not", "NFkappaB", "responsive", "and", "binds", "specifically", "to", "HSF1", ".", "Exposure", "to", "NSAIDs", "had", "a", "complex", "effect", "on", "HSP", "gene", "expression", "and", "while", "sulindac", "activated", "the", "stress", "responsive", "HSP70B", "promoter", ",", "sodium", "salicylate", "did", "not", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "only", "a", "subset", "of", "the", "NSAIDs", "induced", "HSP70", "mRNA", "species", ".", "These", "findings", "reflect", "the", "properties", "of", "HSF1", "which", "can", "be", "activated", "to", "at", "least", "two", "DNA", "binding", "forms", "only", "one", "of", "which", "activates", "heat", "shock", "promoters", "and", "suggest", "that", "individual", "NSAID", "family", "members", "may", "differentially", "induce", "one", "or", "other", "of", "these", "forms", ".", "Overall", "therefore", ",", "exposure", "to", "NSAIDs", "leads", "to", "a", "profound", "switch", "in", "gene", "expression", "in", "monocytic", "cells", ",", "with", "suppression", "of", "genes", "involved", "in", "macrophage", "activation", "and", "induction", "of", "stress", "genes", "and", "HSF1", "appears", "to", "play", "a", "regulatory", "role", "in", "these", "effects", ".", "Copyright", "1999", "Academic", "Press", "." ]

[ "Protein", "Entity" ]

TCF-1 is a protein_molecule, T lymphocyte - specific transcription factor is a protein_family_or_group, sequence - specific HMG box is a protein_domain_or_region

92312_task0

Sentence: Identification and cloning of TCF-1, a T lymphocyte-specific transcription factor containing a sequence-specific HMG box. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: protein_family_or_group, protein_domain_or_region, protein_molecule

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein_molecule", "O", "O", "B-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "O", "O", "B-protein_domain_or_region", "I-protein_domain_or_region", "I-protein_domain_or_region", "I-protein_domain_or_region", "I-protein_domain_or_region", "O" ]

Identification and cloning of TCF-1, a T lymphocyte-specific transcription factor containing a sequence-specific HMG box.

[ "Identification", "and", "cloning", "of", "TCF-1", ",", "a", "T", "lymphocyte", "-", "specific", "transcription", "factor", "containing", "a", "sequence", "-", "specific", "HMG", "box", "." ]

[ "DNA_domain_or_region", "protein_family_or_group", "protein_domain_or_region", "mono_cell", "other_name", "cell_type", "RNA_molecule", "protein_molecule" ]

TCF-1 is a protein_molecule, T lymphocyte - specific transcription factor is a protein_family_or_group, sequence - specific HMG box is a protein_domain_or_region

92312_task1

Sentence: Identification and cloning of TCF-1, a T lymphocyte-specific transcription factor containing a sequence-specific HMG box. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: TCF-1, T lymphocyte - specific transcription factor, sequence - specific HMG box Options: protein_family_or_group, protein_domain_or_region, protein_molecule

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein_molecule", "O", "O", "B-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "O", "O", "B-protein_domain_or_region", "I-protein_domain_or_region", "I-protein_domain_or_region", "I-protein_domain_or_region", "I-protein_domain_or_region", "O" ]

Identification and cloning of TCF-1, a T lymphocyte-specific transcription factor containing a sequence-specific HMG box.

[ "Identification", "and", "cloning", "of", "TCF-1", ",", "a", "T", "lymphocyte", "-", "specific", "transcription", "factor", "containing", "a", "sequence", "-", "specific", "HMG", "box", "." ]

[ "DNA_domain_or_region", "protein_family_or_group", "protein_domain_or_region", "mono_cell", "other_name", "cell_type", "RNA_molecule", "protein_molecule" ]

TCF-1, T lymphocyte - specific transcription factor, sequence - specific HMG box

92312_task2

Sentence: Identification and cloning of TCF-1, a T lymphocyte-specific transcription factor containing a sequence-specific HMG box. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein_molecule", "O", "O", "B-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "I-protein_family_or_group", "O", "O", "B-protein_domain_or_region", "I-protein_domain_or_region", "I-protein_domain_or_region", "I-protein_domain_or_region", "I-protein_domain_or_region", "O" ]

Identification and cloning of TCF-1, a T lymphocyte-specific transcription factor containing a sequence-specific HMG box.

[ "Identification", "and", "cloning", "of", "TCF-1", ",", "a", "T", "lymphocyte", "-", "specific", "transcription", "factor", "containing", "a", "sequence", "-", "specific", "HMG", "box", "." ]

[ "DNA_domain_or_region", "protein_family_or_group", "protein_domain_or_region", "mono_cell", "other_name", "cell_type", "RNA_molecule", "protein_molecule" ]

repair is an umlsterm, ruptures is an umlsterm, knee joint is an umlsterm, transfer of tendons is an umlsterm, wires is an umlsterm, ruptures is an umlsterm, migration is an umlsterm, patella is an umlsterm, external fixator is an umlsterm, patella is an umlsterm, anatomical is an umlsterm, reinsertion is an umlsterm, period is an umlsterm, postoperative is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, motion is an umlsterm, knee joint is an umlsterm, weightbearing is an umlsterm, technique is an umlsterm, periods is an umlsterm, immobilisation is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, displacement is an umlsterm, patella is an umlsterm, patella is an umlsterm, repair is an umlsterm

DerUnfallchirurg.91020197.eng.abstr_task0

Sentence: Operative repair in ruptures of the extensor mechanism of the knee joint mostly requires additional external or internal fixation by plaster , transfer of tendons or encircling wires . Reconstruction of initially undiagnosed ruptures has to solve the problems of fixed proximal or distal migration of the patella and tendenous shortening . This can be performed with a tibiopatellar external fixator which allows gradually reduction of the patella in an anatomical position before operative reconstruction by suturing or reinsertion . During this period as well as a postoperative protection this fixator enables patients to maintain motion of the knee joint and full weightbearing . This technique can avoid poor functional results caused by long periods of immobilisation and is helpful in patients with marked displacement of the patella and inability to manually reduce the patella distally when delayed repair is necessitated . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]

Operative repair in ruptures of the extensor mechanism of the knee joint mostly requires additional external or internal fixation by plaster , transfer of tendons or encircling wires . Reconstruction of initially undiagnosed ruptures has to solve the problems of fixed proximal or distal migration of the patella and tendenous shortening . This can be performed with a tibiopatellar external fixator which allows gradually reduction of the patella in an anatomical position before operative reconstruction by suturing or reinsertion . During this period as well as a postoperative protection this fixator enables patients to maintain motion of the knee joint and full weightbearing . This technique can avoid poor functional results caused by long periods of immobilisation and is helpful in patients with marked displacement of the patella and inability to manually reduce the patella distally when delayed repair is necessitated .

[ "Operative", "repair", "in", "ruptures", "of", "the", "extensor", "mechanism", "of", "the", "knee", "joint", "mostly", "requires", "additional", "external", "or", "internal", "fixation", "by", "plaster", ",", "transfer", "of", "tendons", "or", "encircling", "wires", ".", "Reconstruction", "of", "initially", "undiagnosed", "ruptures", "has", "to", "solve", "the", "problems", "of", "fixed", "proximal", "or", "distal", "migration", "of", "the", "patella", "and", "tendenous", "shortening", ".", "This", "can", "be", "performed", "with", "a", "tibiopatellar", "external", "fixator", "which", "allows", "gradually", "reduction", "of", "the", "patella", "in", "an", "anatomical", "position", "before", "operative", "reconstruction", "by", "suturing", "or", "reinsertion", ".", "During", "this", "period", "as", "well", "as", "a", "postoperative", "protection", "this", "fixator", "enables", "patients", "to", "maintain", "motion", "of", "the", "knee", "joint", "and", "full", "weightbearing", ".", "This", "technique", "can", "avoid", "poor", "functional", "results", "caused", "by", "long", "periods", "of", "immobilisation", "and", "is", "helpful", "in", "patients", "with", "marked", "displacement", "of", "the", "patella", "and", "inability", "to", "manually", "reduce", "the", "patella", "distally", "when", "delayed", "repair", "is", "necessitated", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

repair is an umlsterm, ruptures is an umlsterm, knee joint is an umlsterm, transfer of tendons is an umlsterm, wires is an umlsterm, ruptures is an umlsterm, migration is an umlsterm, patella is an umlsterm, external fixator is an umlsterm, patella is an umlsterm, anatomical is an umlsterm, reinsertion is an umlsterm, period is an umlsterm, postoperative is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, motion is an umlsterm, knee joint is an umlsterm, weightbearing is an umlsterm, technique is an umlsterm, periods is an umlsterm, immobilisation is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, displacement is an umlsterm, patella is an umlsterm, patella is an umlsterm, repair is an umlsterm

DerUnfallchirurg.91020197.eng.abstr_task1

Sentence: Operative repair in ruptures of the extensor mechanism of the knee joint mostly requires additional external or internal fixation by plaster , transfer of tendons or encircling wires . Reconstruction of initially undiagnosed ruptures has to solve the problems of fixed proximal or distal migration of the patella and tendenous shortening . This can be performed with a tibiopatellar external fixator which allows gradually reduction of the patella in an anatomical position before operative reconstruction by suturing or reinsertion . During this period as well as a postoperative protection this fixator enables patients to maintain motion of the knee joint and full weightbearing . This technique can avoid poor functional results caused by long periods of immobilisation and is helpful in patients with marked displacement of the patella and inability to manually reduce the patella distally when delayed repair is necessitated . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: repair, ruptures, knee joint, transfer of tendons, wires, ruptures, migration, patella, external fixator, patella, anatomical, reinsertion, period, postoperative, patients, motion, knee joint, weightbearing, technique, periods, immobilisation, patients, displacement, patella, patella, repair Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]

Operative repair in ruptures of the extensor mechanism of the knee joint mostly requires additional external or internal fixation by plaster , transfer of tendons or encircling wires . Reconstruction of initially undiagnosed ruptures has to solve the problems of fixed proximal or distal migration of the patella and tendenous shortening . This can be performed with a tibiopatellar external fixator which allows gradually reduction of the patella in an anatomical position before operative reconstruction by suturing or reinsertion . During this period as well as a postoperative protection this fixator enables patients to maintain motion of the knee joint and full weightbearing . This technique can avoid poor functional results caused by long periods of immobilisation and is helpful in patients with marked displacement of the patella and inability to manually reduce the patella distally when delayed repair is necessitated .

[ "Operative", "repair", "in", "ruptures", "of", "the", "extensor", "mechanism", "of", "the", "knee", "joint", "mostly", "requires", "additional", "external", "or", "internal", "fixation", "by", "plaster", ",", "transfer", "of", "tendons", "or", "encircling", "wires", ".", "Reconstruction", "of", "initially", "undiagnosed", "ruptures", "has", "to", "solve", "the", "problems", "of", "fixed", "proximal", "or", "distal", "migration", "of", "the", "patella", "and", "tendenous", "shortening", ".", "This", "can", "be", "performed", "with", "a", "tibiopatellar", "external", "fixator", "which", "allows", "gradually", "reduction", "of", "the", "patella", "in", "an", "anatomical", "position", "before", "operative", "reconstruction", "by", "suturing", "or", "reinsertion", ".", "During", "this", "period", "as", "well", "as", "a", "postoperative", "protection", "this", "fixator", "enables", "patients", "to", "maintain", "motion", "of", "the", "knee", "joint", "and", "full", "weightbearing", ".", "This", "technique", "can", "avoid", "poor", "functional", "results", "caused", "by", "long", "periods", "of", "immobilisation", "and", "is", "helpful", "in", "patients", "with", "marked", "displacement", "of", "the", "patella", "and", "inability", "to", "manually", "reduce", "the", "patella", "distally", "when", "delayed", "repair", "is", "necessitated", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

repair, ruptures, knee joint, transfer of tendons, wires, ruptures, migration, patella, external fixator, patella, anatomical, reinsertion, period, postoperative, patients, motion, knee joint, weightbearing, technique, periods, immobilisation, patients, displacement, patella, patella, repair

DerUnfallchirurg.91020197.eng.abstr_task2

Sentence: Operative repair in ruptures of the extensor mechanism of the knee joint mostly requires additional external or internal fixation by plaster , transfer of tendons or encircling wires . Reconstruction of initially undiagnosed ruptures has to solve the problems of fixed proximal or distal migration of the patella and tendenous shortening . This can be performed with a tibiopatellar external fixator which allows gradually reduction of the patella in an anatomical position before operative reconstruction by suturing or reinsertion . During this period as well as a postoperative protection this fixator enables patients to maintain motion of the knee joint and full weightbearing . This technique can avoid poor functional results caused by long periods of immobilisation and is helpful in patients with marked displacement of the patella and inability to manually reduce the patella distally when delayed repair is necessitated . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]

Operative repair in ruptures of the extensor mechanism of the knee joint mostly requires additional external or internal fixation by plaster , transfer of tendons or encircling wires . Reconstruction of initially undiagnosed ruptures has to solve the problems of fixed proximal or distal migration of the patella and tendenous shortening . This can be performed with a tibiopatellar external fixator which allows gradually reduction of the patella in an anatomical position before operative reconstruction by suturing or reinsertion . During this period as well as a postoperative protection this fixator enables patients to maintain motion of the knee joint and full weightbearing . This technique can avoid poor functional results caused by long periods of immobilisation and is helpful in patients with marked displacement of the patella and inability to manually reduce the patella distally when delayed repair is necessitated .

[ "Operative", "repair", "in", "ruptures", "of", "the", "extensor", "mechanism", "of", "the", "knee", "joint", "mostly", "requires", "additional", "external", "or", "internal", "fixation", "by", "plaster", ",", "transfer", "of", "tendons", "or", "encircling", "wires", ".", "Reconstruction", "of", "initially", "undiagnosed", "ruptures", "has", "to", "solve", "the", "problems", "of", "fixed", "proximal", "or", "distal", "migration", "of", "the", "patella", "and", "tendenous", "shortening", ".", "This", "can", "be", "performed", "with", "a", "tibiopatellar", "external", "fixator", "which", "allows", "gradually", "reduction", "of", "the", "patella", "in", "an", "anatomical", "position", "before", "operative", "reconstruction", "by", "suturing", "or", "reinsertion", ".", "During", "this", "period", "as", "well", "as", "a", "postoperative", "protection", "this", "fixator", "enables", "patients", "to", "maintain", "motion", "of", "the", "knee", "joint", "and", "full", "weightbearing", ".", "This", "technique", "can", "avoid", "poor", "functional", "results", "caused", "by", "long", "periods", "of", "immobilisation", "and", "is", "helpful", "in", "patients", "with", "marked", "displacement", "of", "the", "patella", "and", "inability", "to", "manually", "reduce", "the", "patella", "distally", "when", "delayed", "repair", "is", "necessitated", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

Cytochrome P450 4A is a GENE-N, nicotinamide is a CHEMICAL

11246504_task0

Sentence: Cytochrome P450 4A, peroxisomal enzymes and nicotinamide cofactors in koala liver. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GENE-N, CHEMICAL

[ "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Cytochrome P450 4A, peroxisomal enzymes and nicotinamide cofactors in koala liver.

[ "Cytochrome", "P450", "4A", ",", "peroxisomal", "enzymes", "and", "nicotinamide", "cofactors", "in", "koala", "liver", "." ]

[ "CHEMICAL", "GENE-N", "GENE-Y" ]

Cytochrome P450 4A is a GENE-N, nicotinamide is a CHEMICAL

11246504_task1

Sentence: Cytochrome P450 4A, peroxisomal enzymes and nicotinamide cofactors in koala liver. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Cytochrome P450 4A, nicotinamide Options: GENE-N, CHEMICAL

[ "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Cytochrome P450 4A, peroxisomal enzymes and nicotinamide cofactors in koala liver.

[ "Cytochrome", "P450", "4A", ",", "peroxisomal", "enzymes", "and", "nicotinamide", "cofactors", "in", "koala", "liver", "." ]

[ "CHEMICAL", "GENE-N", "GENE-Y" ]

Cytochrome P450 4A, nicotinamide

11246504_task2

Sentence: Cytochrome P450 4A, peroxisomal enzymes and nicotinamide cofactors in koala liver. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Cytochrome P450 4A, peroxisomal enzymes and nicotinamide cofactors in koala liver.

[ "Cytochrome", "P450", "4A", ",", "peroxisomal", "enzymes", "and", "nicotinamide", "cofactors", "in", "koala", "liver", "." ]

[ "CHEMICAL", "GENE-N", "GENE-Y" ]

Tumoren is an umlsterm, Knochenmatrix is an umlsterm, knochentypische is an umlsterm, Gewebe is an umlsterm, Knorpel is an umlsterm, Bindegewebe is an umlsterm, Zement is an umlsterm, Knochenmark is an umlsterm, WHO is an umlsterm, Klassifikation is an umlsterm, Tumoren is an umlsterm, Knochen is an umlsterm, Tumoren is an umlsterm, Tumoren is an umlsterm, radiologische is an umlsterm, Symptomarmut is an umlsterm, Diagnose is an umlsterm, Biopsie is an umlsterm, radiologische is an umlsterm, Literatur is an umlsterm, Knochentumoren is an umlsterm, tumoraehnlichen is an umlsterm, Kiefer is an umlsterm, Referenzregister is an umlsterm, Tumoren is an umlsterm, Kiefer - Gesichts - Bereich is an umlsterm

MundKieferGesichtschirurgie.0004s196.ger.abstr_task0

Sentence: Im vorliegenden Kapitel werden die Tumoren dargestellt , die in ihrer Differenzierung Knochenmatrix ( Osteoid ) und andere knochentypische Gewebe wie Knorpel , Bindegewebe und Zement bilden oder im Knochenmark vorkommen . Zusaetzlich sind diejenigen Laesionen aufgefuehrt , welche von der WHO als fuer die Kieferknochen typisch bezeichnet und deshalb in die 1992 erschienene Klassifikation odontogener Tumoren aufgenommen worden sind . Vaskulaere und im Knochen vorkommende epitheliale Tumoren werden nicht behandelt . Den hier erwaehnten Laesionen und Tumoren ist eine sowohl klinische als auch radiologische Symptomarmut gemeinsam . Eine zuverlaessige Diagnose ist daher ohne ausreichende Biopsie , die von einem spezialisierten Pathologen untersucht werden sollte , nicht moeglich . Neben der Klinik sind das radiologische und histologische Erscheinungsbild unter Beruecksichtigung neuerer Literatur beschrieben , zudem wird das therapeutische Vorgehen erwaehnt . Die vorliegende Darstellung der wichtigsten Knochentumoren und tumoraehnlichen Laesionen im Kiefer basiert auf den im Basler Referenzregister des Deutsch-Oesterreichisch-Schweizerischen Arbeitskreises fuer Tumoren im Kiefer-Gesichts-Bereich ( DOeSAK ) gesammelten Unterlagen . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Im vorliegenden Kapitel werden die Tumoren dargestellt , die in ihrer Differenzierung Knochenmatrix ( Osteoid ) und andere knochentypische Gewebe wie Knorpel , Bindegewebe und Zement bilden oder im Knochenmark vorkommen . Zusaetzlich sind diejenigen Laesionen aufgefuehrt , welche von der WHO als fuer die Kieferknochen typisch bezeichnet und deshalb in die 1992 erschienene Klassifikation odontogener Tumoren aufgenommen worden sind . Vaskulaere und im Knochen vorkommende epitheliale Tumoren werden nicht behandelt . Den hier erwaehnten Laesionen und Tumoren ist eine sowohl klinische als auch radiologische Symptomarmut gemeinsam . Eine zuverlaessige Diagnose ist daher ohne ausreichende Biopsie , die von einem spezialisierten Pathologen untersucht werden sollte , nicht moeglich . Neben der Klinik sind das radiologische und histologische Erscheinungsbild unter Beruecksichtigung neuerer Literatur beschrieben , zudem wird das therapeutische Vorgehen erwaehnt . Die vorliegende Darstellung der wichtigsten Knochentumoren und tumoraehnlichen Laesionen im Kiefer basiert auf den im Basler Referenzregister des Deutsch-Oesterreichisch-Schweizerischen Arbeitskreises fuer Tumoren im Kiefer-Gesichts-Bereich ( DOeSAK ) gesammelten Unterlagen .

[ "Im", "vorliegenden", "Kapitel", "werden", "die", "Tumoren", "dargestellt", ",", "die", "in", "ihrer", "Differenzierung", "Knochenmatrix", "(", "Osteoid", ")", "und", "andere", "knochentypische", "Gewebe", "wie", "Knorpel", ",", "Bindegewebe", "und", "Zement", "bilden", "oder", "im", "Knochenmark", "vorkommen", ".", "Zusaetzlich", "sind", "diejenigen", "Laesionen", "aufgefuehrt", ",", "welche", "von", "der", "WHO", "als", "fuer", "die", "Kieferknochen", "typisch", "bezeichnet", "und", "deshalb", "in", "die", "1992", "erschienene", "Klassifikation", "odontogener", "Tumoren", "aufgenommen", "worden", "sind", ".", "Vaskulaere", "und", "im", "Knochen", "vorkommende", "epitheliale", "Tumoren", "werden", "nicht", "behandelt", ".", "Den", "hier", "erwaehnten", "Laesionen", "und", "Tumoren", "ist", "eine", "sowohl", "klinische", "als", "auch", "radiologische", "Symptomarmut", "gemeinsam", ".", "Eine", "zuverlaessige", "Diagnose", "ist", "daher", "ohne", "ausreichende", "Biopsie", ",", "die", "von", "einem", "spezialisierten", "Pathologen", "untersucht", "werden", "sollte", ",", "nicht", "moeglich", ".", "Neben", "der", "Klinik", "sind", "das", "radiologische", "und", "histologische", "Erscheinungsbild", "unter", "Beruecksichtigung", "neuerer", "Literatur", "beschrieben", ",", "zudem", "wird", "das", "therapeutische", "Vorgehen", "erwaehnt", ".", "Die", "vorliegende", "Darstellung", "der", "wichtigsten", "Knochentumoren", "und", "tumoraehnlichen", "Laesionen", "im", "Kiefer", "basiert", "auf", "den", "im", "Basler", "Referenzregister", "des", "Deutsch", "-", "Oesterreichisch", "-", "Schweizerischen", "Arbeitskreises", "fuer", "Tumoren", "im", "Kiefer", "-", "Gesichts", "-", "Bereich", "(", "DOeSAK", ")", "gesammelten", "Unterlagen", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

Tumoren is an umlsterm, Knochenmatrix is an umlsterm, knochentypische is an umlsterm, Gewebe is an umlsterm, Knorpel is an umlsterm, Bindegewebe is an umlsterm, Zement is an umlsterm, Knochenmark is an umlsterm, WHO is an umlsterm, Klassifikation is an umlsterm, Tumoren is an umlsterm, Knochen is an umlsterm, Tumoren is an umlsterm, Tumoren is an umlsterm, radiologische is an umlsterm, Symptomarmut is an umlsterm, Diagnose is an umlsterm, Biopsie is an umlsterm, radiologische is an umlsterm, Literatur is an umlsterm, Knochentumoren is an umlsterm, tumoraehnlichen is an umlsterm, Kiefer is an umlsterm, Referenzregister is an umlsterm, Tumoren is an umlsterm, Kiefer - Gesichts - Bereich is an umlsterm

MundKieferGesichtschirurgie.0004s196.ger.abstr_task1

Sentence: Im vorliegenden Kapitel werden die Tumoren dargestellt , die in ihrer Differenzierung Knochenmatrix ( Osteoid ) und andere knochentypische Gewebe wie Knorpel , Bindegewebe und Zement bilden oder im Knochenmark vorkommen . Zusaetzlich sind diejenigen Laesionen aufgefuehrt , welche von der WHO als fuer die Kieferknochen typisch bezeichnet und deshalb in die 1992 erschienene Klassifikation odontogener Tumoren aufgenommen worden sind . Vaskulaere und im Knochen vorkommende epitheliale Tumoren werden nicht behandelt . Den hier erwaehnten Laesionen und Tumoren ist eine sowohl klinische als auch radiologische Symptomarmut gemeinsam . Eine zuverlaessige Diagnose ist daher ohne ausreichende Biopsie , die von einem spezialisierten Pathologen untersucht werden sollte , nicht moeglich . Neben der Klinik sind das radiologische und histologische Erscheinungsbild unter Beruecksichtigung neuerer Literatur beschrieben , zudem wird das therapeutische Vorgehen erwaehnt . Die vorliegende Darstellung der wichtigsten Knochentumoren und tumoraehnlichen Laesionen im Kiefer basiert auf den im Basler Referenzregister des Deutsch-Oesterreichisch-Schweizerischen Arbeitskreises fuer Tumoren im Kiefer-Gesichts-Bereich ( DOeSAK ) gesammelten Unterlagen . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Tumoren, Knochenmatrix, knochentypische, Gewebe, Knorpel, Bindegewebe, Zement, Knochenmark, WHO, Klassifikation, Tumoren, Knochen, Tumoren, Tumoren, radiologische, Symptomarmut, Diagnose, Biopsie, radiologische, Literatur, Knochentumoren, tumoraehnlichen, Kiefer, Referenzregister, Tumoren, Kiefer - Gesichts - Bereich Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Im vorliegenden Kapitel werden die Tumoren dargestellt , die in ihrer Differenzierung Knochenmatrix ( Osteoid ) und andere knochentypische Gewebe wie Knorpel , Bindegewebe und Zement bilden oder im Knochenmark vorkommen . Zusaetzlich sind diejenigen Laesionen aufgefuehrt , welche von der WHO als fuer die Kieferknochen typisch bezeichnet und deshalb in die 1992 erschienene Klassifikation odontogener Tumoren aufgenommen worden sind . Vaskulaere und im Knochen vorkommende epitheliale Tumoren werden nicht behandelt . Den hier erwaehnten Laesionen und Tumoren ist eine sowohl klinische als auch radiologische Symptomarmut gemeinsam . Eine zuverlaessige Diagnose ist daher ohne ausreichende Biopsie , die von einem spezialisierten Pathologen untersucht werden sollte , nicht moeglich . Neben der Klinik sind das radiologische und histologische Erscheinungsbild unter Beruecksichtigung neuerer Literatur beschrieben , zudem wird das therapeutische Vorgehen erwaehnt . Die vorliegende Darstellung der wichtigsten Knochentumoren und tumoraehnlichen Laesionen im Kiefer basiert auf den im Basler Referenzregister des Deutsch-Oesterreichisch-Schweizerischen Arbeitskreises fuer Tumoren im Kiefer-Gesichts-Bereich ( DOeSAK ) gesammelten Unterlagen .

[ "Im", "vorliegenden", "Kapitel", "werden", "die", "Tumoren", "dargestellt", ",", "die", "in", "ihrer", "Differenzierung", "Knochenmatrix", "(", "Osteoid", ")", "und", "andere", "knochentypische", "Gewebe", "wie", "Knorpel", ",", "Bindegewebe", "und", "Zement", "bilden", "oder", "im", "Knochenmark", "vorkommen", ".", "Zusaetzlich", "sind", "diejenigen", "Laesionen", "aufgefuehrt", ",", "welche", "von", "der", "WHO", "als", "fuer", "die", "Kieferknochen", "typisch", "bezeichnet", "und", "deshalb", "in", "die", "1992", "erschienene", "Klassifikation", "odontogener", "Tumoren", "aufgenommen", "worden", "sind", ".", "Vaskulaere", "und", "im", "Knochen", "vorkommende", "epitheliale", "Tumoren", "werden", "nicht", "behandelt", ".", "Den", "hier", "erwaehnten", "Laesionen", "und", "Tumoren", "ist", "eine", "sowohl", "klinische", "als", "auch", "radiologische", "Symptomarmut", "gemeinsam", ".", "Eine", "zuverlaessige", "Diagnose", "ist", "daher", "ohne", "ausreichende", "Biopsie", ",", "die", "von", "einem", "spezialisierten", "Pathologen", "untersucht", "werden", "sollte", ",", "nicht", "moeglich", ".", "Neben", "der", "Klinik", "sind", "das", "radiologische", "und", "histologische", "Erscheinungsbild", "unter", "Beruecksichtigung", "neuerer", "Literatur", "beschrieben", ",", "zudem", "wird", "das", "therapeutische", "Vorgehen", "erwaehnt", ".", "Die", "vorliegende", "Darstellung", "der", "wichtigsten", "Knochentumoren", "und", "tumoraehnlichen", "Laesionen", "im", "Kiefer", "basiert", "auf", "den", "im", "Basler", "Referenzregister", "des", "Deutsch", "-", "Oesterreichisch", "-", "Schweizerischen", "Arbeitskreises", "fuer", "Tumoren", "im", "Kiefer", "-", "Gesichts", "-", "Bereich", "(", "DOeSAK", ")", "gesammelten", "Unterlagen", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

Tumoren, Knochenmatrix, knochentypische, Gewebe, Knorpel, Bindegewebe, Zement, Knochenmark, WHO, Klassifikation, Tumoren, Knochen, Tumoren, Tumoren, radiologische, Symptomarmut, Diagnose, Biopsie, radiologische, Literatur, Knochentumoren, tumoraehnlichen, Kiefer, Referenzregister, Tumoren, Kiefer - Gesichts - Bereich

MundKieferGesichtschirurgie.0004s196.ger.abstr_task2

Sentence: Im vorliegenden Kapitel werden die Tumoren dargestellt , die in ihrer Differenzierung Knochenmatrix ( Osteoid ) und andere knochentypische Gewebe wie Knorpel , Bindegewebe und Zement bilden oder im Knochenmark vorkommen . Zusaetzlich sind diejenigen Laesionen aufgefuehrt , welche von der WHO als fuer die Kieferknochen typisch bezeichnet und deshalb in die 1992 erschienene Klassifikation odontogener Tumoren aufgenommen worden sind . Vaskulaere und im Knochen vorkommende epitheliale Tumoren werden nicht behandelt . Den hier erwaehnten Laesionen und Tumoren ist eine sowohl klinische als auch radiologische Symptomarmut gemeinsam . Eine zuverlaessige Diagnose ist daher ohne ausreichende Biopsie , die von einem spezialisierten Pathologen untersucht werden sollte , nicht moeglich . Neben der Klinik sind das radiologische und histologische Erscheinungsbild unter Beruecksichtigung neuerer Literatur beschrieben , zudem wird das therapeutische Vorgehen erwaehnt . Die vorliegende Darstellung der wichtigsten Knochentumoren und tumoraehnlichen Laesionen im Kiefer basiert auf den im Basler Referenzregister des Deutsch-Oesterreichisch-Schweizerischen Arbeitskreises fuer Tumoren im Kiefer-Gesichts-Bereich ( DOeSAK ) gesammelten Unterlagen . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Im vorliegenden Kapitel werden die Tumoren dargestellt , die in ihrer Differenzierung Knochenmatrix ( Osteoid ) und andere knochentypische Gewebe wie Knorpel , Bindegewebe und Zement bilden oder im Knochenmark vorkommen . Zusaetzlich sind diejenigen Laesionen aufgefuehrt , welche von der WHO als fuer die Kieferknochen typisch bezeichnet und deshalb in die 1992 erschienene Klassifikation odontogener Tumoren aufgenommen worden sind . Vaskulaere und im Knochen vorkommende epitheliale Tumoren werden nicht behandelt . Den hier erwaehnten Laesionen und Tumoren ist eine sowohl klinische als auch radiologische Symptomarmut gemeinsam . Eine zuverlaessige Diagnose ist daher ohne ausreichende Biopsie , die von einem spezialisierten Pathologen untersucht werden sollte , nicht moeglich . Neben der Klinik sind das radiologische und histologische Erscheinungsbild unter Beruecksichtigung neuerer Literatur beschrieben , zudem wird das therapeutische Vorgehen erwaehnt . Die vorliegende Darstellung der wichtigsten Knochentumoren und tumoraehnlichen Laesionen im Kiefer basiert auf den im Basler Referenzregister des Deutsch-Oesterreichisch-Schweizerischen Arbeitskreises fuer Tumoren im Kiefer-Gesichts-Bereich ( DOeSAK ) gesammelten Unterlagen .

[ "Im", "vorliegenden", "Kapitel", "werden", "die", "Tumoren", "dargestellt", ",", "die", "in", "ihrer", "Differenzierung", "Knochenmatrix", "(", "Osteoid", ")", "und", "andere", "knochentypische", "Gewebe", "wie", "Knorpel", ",", "Bindegewebe", "und", "Zement", "bilden", "oder", "im", "Knochenmark", "vorkommen", ".", "Zusaetzlich", "sind", "diejenigen", "Laesionen", "aufgefuehrt", ",", "welche", "von", "der", "WHO", "als", "fuer", "die", "Kieferknochen", "typisch", "bezeichnet", "und", "deshalb", "in", "die", "1992", "erschienene", "Klassifikation", "odontogener", "Tumoren", "aufgenommen", "worden", "sind", ".", "Vaskulaere", "und", "im", "Knochen", "vorkommende", "epitheliale", "Tumoren", "werden", "nicht", "behandelt", ".", "Den", "hier", "erwaehnten", "Laesionen", "und", "Tumoren", "ist", "eine", "sowohl", "klinische", "als", "auch", "radiologische", "Symptomarmut", "gemeinsam", ".", "Eine", "zuverlaessige", "Diagnose", "ist", "daher", "ohne", "ausreichende", "Biopsie", ",", "die", "von", "einem", "spezialisierten", "Pathologen", "untersucht", "werden", "sollte", ",", "nicht", "moeglich", ".", "Neben", "der", "Klinik", "sind", "das", "radiologische", "und", "histologische", "Erscheinungsbild", "unter", "Beruecksichtigung", "neuerer", "Literatur", "beschrieben", ",", "zudem", "wird", "das", "therapeutische", "Vorgehen", "erwaehnt", ".", "Die", "vorliegende", "Darstellung", "der", "wichtigsten", "Knochentumoren", "und", "tumoraehnlichen", "Laesionen", "im", "Kiefer", "basiert", "auf", "den", "im", "Basler", "Referenzregister", "des", "Deutsch", "-", "Oesterreichisch", "-", "Schweizerischen", "Arbeitskreises", "fuer", "Tumoren", "im", "Kiefer", "-", "Gesichts", "-", "Bereich", "(", "DOeSAK", ")", "gesammelten", "Unterlagen", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

Ikaros is a Protein, LKLF is a Protein, GATA3 is a Protein, CREB is a Protein, ATF is a Protein, LEF1 is a Protein, TCF1 is a Protein, Sox4 is a Protein

10358756_task0

Sentence: Transcriptional regulation of T lymphocyte development and function. The development and function of T lymphocytes are regulated tightly by signal transduction pathways that include specific cell-surface receptors, intracellular signaling molecules, and nuclear transcription factors. Since 1988, several families of functionally important T cell transcription factors have been identified. These include the Ikaros, LKLF, and GATA3 zinc-finger proteins; the Ets, CREB/ATF, and NF-kappa B/Rel/NFAT transcription factors; the Stat proteins; and HMG box transcription factors such as LEF1, TCF1, and Sox4. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the transcriptional regulation of T cell development and function with particular emphasis on the results of recent gene targeting and transgenic experiments. In addition to increasing our understanding of the molecular pathways that regulate T cell development and function, these results have suggested novel targets for genetic and pharmacological manipulation of T cell immunity. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Transcriptional regulation of T lymphocyte development and function. The development and function of T lymphocytes are regulated tightly by signal transduction pathways that include specific cell-surface receptors, intracellular signaling molecules, and nuclear transcription factors. Since 1988, several families of functionally important T cell transcription factors have been identified. These include the Ikaros, LKLF, and GATA3 zinc-finger proteins; the Ets, CREB/ATF, and NF-kappa B/Rel/NFAT transcription factors; the Stat proteins; and HMG box transcription factors such as LEF1, TCF1, and Sox4. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the transcriptional regulation of T cell development and function with particular emphasis on the results of recent gene targeting and transgenic experiments. In addition to increasing our understanding of the molecular pathways that regulate T cell development and function, these results have suggested novel targets for genetic and pharmacological manipulation of T cell immunity.

[ "Transcriptional", "regulation", "of", "T", "lymphocyte", "development", "and", "function", ".", "\n", "The", "development", "and", "function", "of", "T", "lymphocytes", "are", "regulated", "tightly", "by", "signal", "transduction", "pathways", "that", "include", "specific", "cell", "-", "surface", "receptors", ",", "intracellular", "signaling", "molecules", ",", "and", "nuclear", "transcription", "factors", ".", "Since", "1988", ",", "several", "families", "of", "functionally", "important", "T", "cell", "transcription", "factors", "have", "been", "identified", ".", "These", "include", "the", "Ikaros", ",", "LKLF", ",", "and", "GATA3", "zinc", "-", "finger", "proteins", ";", "the", "Ets", ",", "CREB", "/", "ATF", ",", "and", "NF", "-", "kappa", "B", "/", "Rel", "/", "NFAT", "transcription", "factors", ";", "the", "Stat", "proteins", ";", "and", "HMG", "box", "transcription", "factors", "such", "as", "LEF1", ",", "TCF1", ",", "and", "Sox4", ".", "In", "this", "review", ",", "we", "summarize", "our", "current", "understanding", "of", "the", "transcriptional", "regulation", "of", "T", "cell", "development", "and", "function", "with", "particular", "emphasis", "on", "the", "results", "of", "recent", "gene", "targeting", "and", "transgenic", "experiments", ".", "In", "addition", "to", "increasing", "our", "understanding", "of", "the", "molecular", "pathways", "that", "regulate", "T", "cell", "development", "and", "function", ",", "these", "results", "have", "suggested", "novel", "targets", "for", "genetic", "and", "pharmacological", "manipulation", "of", "T", "cell", "immunity", "." ]

[ "Protein" ]

Ikaros is a Protein, LKLF is a Protein, GATA3 is a Protein, CREB is a Protein, ATF is a Protein, LEF1 is a Protein, TCF1 is a Protein, Sox4 is a Protein

10358756_task1

Sentence: Transcriptional regulation of T lymphocyte development and function. The development and function of T lymphocytes are regulated tightly by signal transduction pathways that include specific cell-surface receptors, intracellular signaling molecules, and nuclear transcription factors. Since 1988, several families of functionally important T cell transcription factors have been identified. These include the Ikaros, LKLF, and GATA3 zinc-finger proteins; the Ets, CREB/ATF, and NF-kappa B/Rel/NFAT transcription factors; the Stat proteins; and HMG box transcription factors such as LEF1, TCF1, and Sox4. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the transcriptional regulation of T cell development and function with particular emphasis on the results of recent gene targeting and transgenic experiments. In addition to increasing our understanding of the molecular pathways that regulate T cell development and function, these results have suggested novel targets for genetic and pharmacological manipulation of T cell immunity. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Ikaros, LKLF, GATA3, CREB, ATF, LEF1, TCF1, Sox4 Options: Protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Transcriptional regulation of T lymphocyte development and function. The development and function of T lymphocytes are regulated tightly by signal transduction pathways that include specific cell-surface receptors, intracellular signaling molecules, and nuclear transcription factors. Since 1988, several families of functionally important T cell transcription factors have been identified. These include the Ikaros, LKLF, and GATA3 zinc-finger proteins; the Ets, CREB/ATF, and NF-kappa B/Rel/NFAT transcription factors; the Stat proteins; and HMG box transcription factors such as LEF1, TCF1, and Sox4. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the transcriptional regulation of T cell development and function with particular emphasis on the results of recent gene targeting and transgenic experiments. In addition to increasing our understanding of the molecular pathways that regulate T cell development and function, these results have suggested novel targets for genetic and pharmacological manipulation of T cell immunity.

[ "Transcriptional", "regulation", "of", "T", "lymphocyte", "development", "and", "function", ".", "\n", "The", "development", "and", "function", "of", "T", "lymphocytes", "are", "regulated", "tightly", "by", "signal", "transduction", "pathways", "that", "include", "specific", "cell", "-", "surface", "receptors", ",", "intracellular", "signaling", "molecules", ",", "and", "nuclear", "transcription", "factors", ".", "Since", "1988", ",", "several", "families", "of", "functionally", "important", "T", "cell", "transcription", "factors", "have", "been", "identified", ".", "These", "include", "the", "Ikaros", ",", "LKLF", ",", "and", "GATA3", "zinc", "-", "finger", "proteins", ";", "the", "Ets", ",", "CREB", "/", "ATF", ",", "and", "NF", "-", "kappa", "B", "/", "Rel", "/", "NFAT", "transcription", "factors", ";", "the", "Stat", "proteins", ";", "and", "HMG", "box", "transcription", "factors", "such", "as", "LEF1", ",", "TCF1", ",", "and", "Sox4", ".", "In", "this", "review", ",", "we", "summarize", "our", "current", "understanding", "of", "the", "transcriptional", "regulation", "of", "T", "cell", "development", "and", "function", "with", "particular", "emphasis", "on", "the", "results", "of", "recent", "gene", "targeting", "and", "transgenic", "experiments", ".", "In", "addition", "to", "increasing", "our", "understanding", "of", "the", "molecular", "pathways", "that", "regulate", "T", "cell", "development", "and", "function", ",", "these", "results", "have", "suggested", "novel", "targets", "for", "genetic", "and", "pharmacological", "manipulation", "of", "T", "cell", "immunity", "." ]

[ "Protein" ]

Ikaros, LKLF, GATA3, CREB, ATF, LEF1, TCF1, Sox4

10358756_task2

Sentence: Transcriptional regulation of T lymphocyte development and function. The development and function of T lymphocytes are regulated tightly by signal transduction pathways that include specific cell-surface receptors, intracellular signaling molecules, and nuclear transcription factors. Since 1988, several families of functionally important T cell transcription factors have been identified. These include the Ikaros, LKLF, and GATA3 zinc-finger proteins; the Ets, CREB/ATF, and NF-kappa B/Rel/NFAT transcription factors; the Stat proteins; and HMG box transcription factors such as LEF1, TCF1, and Sox4. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the transcriptional regulation of T cell development and function with particular emphasis on the results of recent gene targeting and transgenic experiments. In addition to increasing our understanding of the molecular pathways that regulate T cell development and function, these results have suggested novel targets for genetic and pharmacological manipulation of T cell immunity. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Transcriptional regulation of T lymphocyte development and function. The development and function of T lymphocytes are regulated tightly by signal transduction pathways that include specific cell-surface receptors, intracellular signaling molecules, and nuclear transcription factors. Since 1988, several families of functionally important T cell transcription factors have been identified. These include the Ikaros, LKLF, and GATA3 zinc-finger proteins; the Ets, CREB/ATF, and NF-kappa B/Rel/NFAT transcription factors; the Stat proteins; and HMG box transcription factors such as LEF1, TCF1, and Sox4. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the transcriptional regulation of T cell development and function with particular emphasis on the results of recent gene targeting and transgenic experiments. In addition to increasing our understanding of the molecular pathways that regulate T cell development and function, these results have suggested novel targets for genetic and pharmacological manipulation of T cell immunity.

[ "Transcriptional", "regulation", "of", "T", "lymphocyte", "development", "and", "function", ".", "\n", "The", "development", "and", "function", "of", "T", "lymphocytes", "are", "regulated", "tightly", "by", "signal", "transduction", "pathways", "that", "include", "specific", "cell", "-", "surface", "receptors", ",", "intracellular", "signaling", "molecules", ",", "and", "nuclear", "transcription", "factors", ".", "Since", "1988", ",", "several", "families", "of", "functionally", "important", "T", "cell", "transcription", "factors", "have", "been", "identified", ".", "These", "include", "the", "Ikaros", ",", "LKLF", ",", "and", "GATA3", "zinc", "-", "finger", "proteins", ";", "the", "Ets", ",", "CREB", "/", "ATF", ",", "and", "NF", "-", "kappa", "B", "/", "Rel", "/", "NFAT", "transcription", "factors", ";", "the", "Stat", "proteins", ";", "and", "HMG", "box", "transcription", "factors", "such", "as", "LEF1", ",", "TCF1", ",", "and", "Sox4", ".", "In", "this", "review", ",", "we", "summarize", "our", "current", "understanding", "of", "the", "transcriptional", "regulation", "of", "T", "cell", "development", "and", "function", "with", "particular", "emphasis", "on", "the", "results", "of", "recent", "gene", "targeting", "and", "transgenic", "experiments", ".", "In", "addition", "to", "increasing", "our", "understanding", "of", "the", "molecular", "pathways", "that", "regulate", "T", "cell", "development", "and", "function", ",", "these", "results", "have", "suggested", "novel", "targets", "for", "genetic", "and", "pharmacological", "manipulation", "of", "T", "cell", "immunity", "." ]

[ "Protein" ]

and the is a Outcome_Physical, ( COPD ) . is a Participant_Condition, internal consistency is a Outcome_Other, One hundred and forty four patients with moderate or severe COPD is a Participant_Condition, salmeterol is a Intervention_Pharmacological, ipratropium bromide is a Intervention_Pharmacological, placebo is a Intervention_Control, Quality of life is a Outcome_Physical, proportions of missing values is a Outcome_Physical, ( FEV ( 1 ) ) % is a Outcome_Physical, peak expiratory flow rate ( PEFR ) is a Outcome_Physical, CRQ total and emotions score is a Outcome_Other, SGRQ symptoms score is a Outcome_Other, SGRQ symptoms domain is a Outcome_Physical

1881_task0

Sentence: An empirical comparison of the St George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ( SGRQ ) and the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire ( CRQ ) in a clinical trial setting . BACKGROUND The Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire ( CRQ ) and the St George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ( SGRQ ) are the two most widely used quality of life questionnaires in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . A study was undertaken to compare directly the self-administered version of the CRQ and the SGRQ with respect to feasibility , internal consistency , validity , and sensitivity to changes resulting from bronchodilator therapy . METHODS One hundred and forty four patients with moderate or severe COPD were randomly assigned to receive three months of treatment with either salmeterol , salmeterol + ipratropium bromide , or placebo . Quality of life was measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment . RESULTS The proportions of missing values per patient were low for both questionnaires ( 0.54 % for the CRQ and 2 % for the SGRQ ) . The internal consistency was good for both questionnaires ( Cronbach 's alpha coefficients > /= 0.84 for the CRQ and > /= 0.76 for the SGRQ ) . Factor analysis confirmed the original domain structure of the CRQ but not of the SGRQ . Correlations with forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV ( 1 ) ) % predicted and peak expiratory flow rate ( PEFR ) were low for both questionnaires but better for the SGRQ than for the CRQ . The ability to discriminate between subjects with different levels of FEV ( 1 ) was somewhat better for the SGRQ . The correlations with symptom scores were comparable for both questionnaires . Cross sectionally , the scores of the two questionnaires were moderately to highly correlated ( coefficients ranged from 0.35 to 0.72 ) . Longitudinally , these correlations were lower ( coefficients ranged from 0.17 to 0.54 ) but were still significant . The CRQ total and emotions score and the SGRQ symptoms score were the most responsive to change . The SGRQ symptoms domain was the only domain where the improvement in patients receiving combination treatment crossed the threshold for clinical relevance . CONCLUSIONS Since this analysis of reliability , validity , and responsiveness to change did not clearly favour one instrument above the other , the choice between the CRQ and the SGRQ can be based on other considerations such as the required sample size or the availability of reference values . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Intervention_Control, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Outcome_Other

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

An empirical comparison of the St George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ( SGRQ ) and the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire ( CRQ ) in a clinical trial setting . BACKGROUND The Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire ( CRQ ) and the St George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ( SGRQ ) are the two most widely used quality of life questionnaires in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . A study was undertaken to compare directly the self-administered version of the CRQ and the SGRQ with respect to feasibility , internal consistency , validity , and sensitivity to changes resulting from bronchodilator therapy . METHODS One hundred and forty four patients with moderate or severe COPD were randomly assigned to receive three months of treatment with either salmeterol , salmeterol + ipratropium bromide , or placebo . Quality of life was measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment . RESULTS The proportions of missing values per patient were low for both questionnaires ( 0.54 % for the CRQ and 2 % for the SGRQ ) . The internal consistency was good for both questionnaires ( Cronbach 's alpha coefficients > /= 0.84 for the CRQ and > /= 0.76 for the SGRQ ) . Factor analysis confirmed the original domain structure of the CRQ but not of the SGRQ . Correlations with forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV ( 1 ) ) % predicted and peak expiratory flow rate ( PEFR ) were low for both questionnaires but better for the SGRQ than for the CRQ . The ability to discriminate between subjects with different levels of FEV ( 1 ) was somewhat better for the SGRQ . The correlations with symptom scores were comparable for both questionnaires . Cross sectionally , the scores of the two questionnaires were moderately to highly correlated ( coefficients ranged from 0.35 to 0.72 ) . Longitudinally , these correlations were lower ( coefficients ranged from 0.17 to 0.54 ) but were still significant . The CRQ total and emotions score and the SGRQ symptoms score were the most responsive to change . The SGRQ symptoms domain was the only domain where the improvement in patients receiving combination treatment crossed the threshold for clinical relevance . CONCLUSIONS Since this analysis of reliability , validity , and responsiveness to change did not clearly favour one instrument above the other , the choice between the CRQ and the SGRQ can be based on other considerations such as the required sample size or the availability of reference values .

[ "An", "empirical", "comparison", "of", "the", "St", "George", "'", "s", "Respiratory", "Questionnaire", "(", "SGRQ", ")", "and", "the", "Chronic", "Respiratory", "Disease", "Questionnaire", "(", "CRQ", ")", "in", "a", "clinical", "trial", "setting", ".", "BACKGROUND", "The", "Chronic", "Respiratory", "Questionnaire", "(", "CRQ", ")", "and", "the", "St", "George", "'", "s", "Respiratory", "Questionnaire", "(", "SGRQ", ")", "are", "the", "two", "most", "widely", "used", "quality", "of", "life", "questionnaires", "in", "chronic", "obstructive", "pulmonary", "disease", "(", "COPD", ")", ".", "A", "study", "was", "undertaken", "to", "compare", "directly", "the", "self", "-", "administered", "version", "of", "the", "CRQ", "and", "the", "SGRQ", "with", "respect", "to", "feasibility", ",", "internal", "consistency", ",", "validity", ",", "and", "sensitivity", "to", "changes", "resulting", "from", "bronchodilator", "therapy", ".", "METHODS", "One", "hundred", "and", "forty", "four", "patients", "with", "moderate", "or", "severe", "COPD", "were", "randomly", "assigned", "to", "receive", "three", "months", "of", "treatment", "with", "either", "salmeterol", ",", "salmeterol", "+", "ipratropium", "bromide", ",", "or", "placebo", ".", "Quality", "of", "life", "was", "measured", "at", "baseline", "and", "after", "12", "weeks", "of", "treatment", ".", "RESULTS", "The", "proportions", "of", "missing", "values", "per", "patient", "were", "low", "for", "both", "questionnaires", "(", "0.54", "%", "for", "the", "CRQ", "and", "2", "%", "for", "the", "SGRQ", ")", ".", "The", "internal", "consistency", "was", "good", "for", "both", "questionnaires", "(", "Cronbach", "'", "s", "alpha", "coefficients", ">", "/=", "0.84", "for", "the", "CRQ", "and", ">", "/=", "0.76", "for", "the", "SGRQ", ")", ".", "Factor", "analysis", "confirmed", "the", "original", "domain", "structure", "of", "the", "CRQ", "but", "not", "of", "the", "SGRQ", ".", "Correlations", "with", "forced", "expiratory", "volume", "in", "one", "second", "(", "FEV", "(", "1", ")", ")", "%", "predicted", "and", "peak", "expiratory", "flow", "rate", "(", "PEFR", ")", "were", "low", "for", "both", "questionnaires", "but", "better", "for", "the", "SGRQ", "than", "for", "the", "CRQ", ".", "The", "ability", "to", "discriminate", "between", "subjects", "with", "different", "levels", "of", "FEV", "(", "1", ")", "was", "somewhat", "better", "for", "the", "SGRQ", ".", "The", "correlations", "with", "symptom", "scores", "were", "comparable", "for", "both", "questionnaires", ".", "Cross", "sectionally", ",", "the", "scores", "of", "the", "two", "questionnaires", "were", "moderately", "to", "highly", "correlated", "(", "coefficients", "ranged", "from", "0.35", "to", "0.72", ")", ".", "Longitudinally", ",", "these", "correlations", "were", "lower", "(", "coefficients", "ranged", "from", "0.17", "to", "0.54", ")", "but", "were", "still", "significant", ".", "The", "CRQ", "total", "and", "emotions", "score", "and", "the", "SGRQ", "symptoms", "score", "were", "the", "most", "responsive", "to", "change", ".", "The", "SGRQ", "symptoms", "domain", "was", "the", "only", "domain", "where", "the", "improvement", "in", "patients", "receiving", "combination", "treatment", "crossed", "the", "threshold", "for", "clinical", "relevance", ".", "CONCLUSIONS", "Since", "this", "analysis", "of", "reliability", ",", "validity", ",", "and", "responsiveness", "to", "change", "did", "not", "clearly", "favour", "one", "instrument", "above", "the", "other", ",", "the", "choice", "between", "the", "CRQ", "and", "the", "SGRQ", "can", "be", "based", "on", "other", "considerations", "such", "as", "the", "required", "sample", "size", "or", "the", "availability", "of", "reference", "values", "." ]

[ "Participant_Condition", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Intervention_Control" ]

and the is a Outcome_Physical, ( COPD ) . is a Participant_Condition, internal consistency is a Outcome_Other, One hundred and forty four patients with moderate or severe COPD is a Participant_Condition, salmeterol is a Intervention_Pharmacological, ipratropium bromide is a Intervention_Pharmacological, placebo is a Intervention_Control, Quality of life is a Outcome_Physical, proportions of missing values is a Outcome_Physical, ( FEV ( 1 ) ) % is a Outcome_Physical, peak expiratory flow rate ( PEFR ) is a Outcome_Physical, CRQ total and emotions score is a Outcome_Other, SGRQ symptoms score is a Outcome_Other, SGRQ symptoms domain is a Outcome_Physical

1881_task1

Sentence: An empirical comparison of the St George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ( SGRQ ) and the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire ( CRQ ) in a clinical trial setting . BACKGROUND The Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire ( CRQ ) and the St George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ( SGRQ ) are the two most widely used quality of life questionnaires in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . A study was undertaken to compare directly the self-administered version of the CRQ and the SGRQ with respect to feasibility , internal consistency , validity , and sensitivity to changes resulting from bronchodilator therapy . METHODS One hundred and forty four patients with moderate or severe COPD were randomly assigned to receive three months of treatment with either salmeterol , salmeterol + ipratropium bromide , or placebo . Quality of life was measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment . RESULTS The proportions of missing values per patient were low for both questionnaires ( 0.54 % for the CRQ and 2 % for the SGRQ ) . The internal consistency was good for both questionnaires ( Cronbach 's alpha coefficients > /= 0.84 for the CRQ and > /= 0.76 for the SGRQ ) . Factor analysis confirmed the original domain structure of the CRQ but not of the SGRQ . Correlations with forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV ( 1 ) ) % predicted and peak expiratory flow rate ( PEFR ) were low for both questionnaires but better for the SGRQ than for the CRQ . The ability to discriminate between subjects with different levels of FEV ( 1 ) was somewhat better for the SGRQ . The correlations with symptom scores were comparable for both questionnaires . Cross sectionally , the scores of the two questionnaires were moderately to highly correlated ( coefficients ranged from 0.35 to 0.72 ) . Longitudinally , these correlations were lower ( coefficients ranged from 0.17 to 0.54 ) but were still significant . The CRQ total and emotions score and the SGRQ symptoms score were the most responsive to change . The SGRQ symptoms domain was the only domain where the improvement in patients receiving combination treatment crossed the threshold for clinical relevance . CONCLUSIONS Since this analysis of reliability , validity , and responsiveness to change did not clearly favour one instrument above the other , the choice between the CRQ and the SGRQ can be based on other considerations such as the required sample size or the availability of reference values . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: and the, ( COPD ) ., internal consistency, One hundred and forty four patients with moderate or severe COPD, salmeterol, ipratropium bromide, placebo, Quality of life, proportions of missing values, ( FEV ( 1 ) ) %, peak expiratory flow rate ( PEFR ), CRQ total and emotions score, SGRQ symptoms score, SGRQ symptoms domain Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Intervention_Control, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Outcome_Other

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

An empirical comparison of the St George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ( SGRQ ) and the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire ( CRQ ) in a clinical trial setting . BACKGROUND The Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire ( CRQ ) and the St George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ( SGRQ ) are the two most widely used quality of life questionnaires in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . A study was undertaken to compare directly the self-administered version of the CRQ and the SGRQ with respect to feasibility , internal consistency , validity , and sensitivity to changes resulting from bronchodilator therapy . METHODS One hundred and forty four patients with moderate or severe COPD were randomly assigned to receive three months of treatment with either salmeterol , salmeterol + ipratropium bromide , or placebo . Quality of life was measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment . RESULTS The proportions of missing values per patient were low for both questionnaires ( 0.54 % for the CRQ and 2 % for the SGRQ ) . The internal consistency was good for both questionnaires ( Cronbach 's alpha coefficients > /= 0.84 for the CRQ and > /= 0.76 for the SGRQ ) . Factor analysis confirmed the original domain structure of the CRQ but not of the SGRQ . Correlations with forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV ( 1 ) ) % predicted and peak expiratory flow rate ( PEFR ) were low for both questionnaires but better for the SGRQ than for the CRQ . The ability to discriminate between subjects with different levels of FEV ( 1 ) was somewhat better for the SGRQ . The correlations with symptom scores were comparable for both questionnaires . Cross sectionally , the scores of the two questionnaires were moderately to highly correlated ( coefficients ranged from 0.35 to 0.72 ) . Longitudinally , these correlations were lower ( coefficients ranged from 0.17 to 0.54 ) but were still significant . The CRQ total and emotions score and the SGRQ symptoms score were the most responsive to change . The SGRQ symptoms domain was the only domain where the improvement in patients receiving combination treatment crossed the threshold for clinical relevance . CONCLUSIONS Since this analysis of reliability , validity , and responsiveness to change did not clearly favour one instrument above the other , the choice between the CRQ and the SGRQ can be based on other considerations such as the required sample size or the availability of reference values .

[ "An", "empirical", "comparison", "of", "the", "St", "George", "'", "s", "Respiratory", "Questionnaire", "(", "SGRQ", ")", "and", "the", "Chronic", "Respiratory", "Disease", "Questionnaire", "(", "CRQ", ")", "in", "a", "clinical", "trial", "setting", ".", "BACKGROUND", "The", "Chronic", "Respiratory", "Questionnaire", "(", "CRQ", ")", "and", "the", "St", "George", "'", "s", "Respiratory", "Questionnaire", "(", "SGRQ", ")", "are", "the", "two", "most", "widely", "used", "quality", "of", "life", "questionnaires", "in", "chronic", "obstructive", "pulmonary", "disease", "(", "COPD", ")", ".", "A", "study", "was", "undertaken", "to", "compare", "directly", "the", "self", "-", "administered", "version", "of", "the", "CRQ", "and", "the", "SGRQ", "with", "respect", "to", "feasibility", ",", "internal", "consistency", ",", "validity", ",", "and", "sensitivity", "to", "changes", "resulting", "from", "bronchodilator", "therapy", ".", "METHODS", "One", "hundred", "and", "forty", "four", "patients", "with", "moderate", "or", "severe", "COPD", "were", "randomly", "assigned", "to", "receive", "three", "months", "of", "treatment", "with", "either", "salmeterol", ",", "salmeterol", "+", "ipratropium", "bromide", ",", "or", "placebo", ".", "Quality", "of", "life", "was", "measured", "at", "baseline", "and", "after", "12", "weeks", "of", "treatment", ".", "RESULTS", "The", "proportions", "of", "missing", "values", "per", "patient", "were", "low", "for", "both", "questionnaires", "(", "0.54", "%", "for", "the", "CRQ", "and", "2", "%", "for", "the", "SGRQ", ")", ".", "The", "internal", "consistency", "was", "good", "for", "both", "questionnaires", "(", "Cronbach", "'", "s", "alpha", "coefficients", ">", "/=", "0.84", "for", "the", "CRQ", "and", ">", "/=", "0.76", "for", "the", "SGRQ", ")", ".", "Factor", "analysis", "confirmed", "the", "original", "domain", "structure", "of", "the", "CRQ", "but", "not", "of", "the", "SGRQ", ".", "Correlations", "with", "forced", "expiratory", "volume", "in", "one", "second", "(", "FEV", "(", "1", ")", ")", "%", "predicted", "and", "peak", "expiratory", "flow", "rate", "(", "PEFR", ")", "were", "low", "for", "both", "questionnaires", "but", "better", "for", "the", "SGRQ", "than", "for", "the", "CRQ", ".", "The", "ability", "to", "discriminate", "between", "subjects", "with", "different", "levels", "of", "FEV", "(", "1", ")", "was", "somewhat", "better", "for", "the", "SGRQ", ".", "The", "correlations", "with", "symptom", "scores", "were", "comparable", "for", "both", "questionnaires", ".", "Cross", "sectionally", ",", "the", "scores", "of", "the", "two", "questionnaires", "were", "moderately", "to", "highly", "correlated", "(", "coefficients", "ranged", "from", "0.35", "to", "0.72", ")", ".", "Longitudinally", ",", "these", "correlations", "were", "lower", "(", "coefficients", "ranged", "from", "0.17", "to", "0.54", ")", "but", "were", "still", "significant", ".", "The", "CRQ", "total", "and", "emotions", "score", "and", "the", "SGRQ", "symptoms", "score", "were", "the", "most", "responsive", "to", "change", ".", "The", "SGRQ", "symptoms", "domain", "was", "the", "only", "domain", "where", "the", "improvement", "in", "patients", "receiving", "combination", "treatment", "crossed", "the", "threshold", "for", "clinical", "relevance", ".", "CONCLUSIONS", "Since", "this", "analysis", "of", "reliability", ",", "validity", ",", "and", "responsiveness", "to", "change", "did", "not", "clearly", "favour", "one", "instrument", "above", "the", "other", ",", "the", "choice", "between", "the", "CRQ", "and", "the", "SGRQ", "can", "be", "based", "on", "other", "considerations", "such", "as", "the", "required", "sample", "size", "or", "the", "availability", "of", "reference", "values", "." ]

[ "Participant_Condition", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Intervention_Control" ]

and the, ( COPD ) ., internal consistency, One hundred and forty four patients with moderate or severe COPD, salmeterol, ipratropium bromide, placebo, Quality of life, proportions of missing values, ( FEV ( 1 ) ) %, peak expiratory flow rate ( PEFR ), CRQ total and emotions score, SGRQ symptoms score, SGRQ symptoms domain

1881_task2

Sentence: An empirical comparison of the St George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ( SGRQ ) and the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire ( CRQ ) in a clinical trial setting . BACKGROUND The Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire ( CRQ ) and the St George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ( SGRQ ) are the two most widely used quality of life questionnaires in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . A study was undertaken to compare directly the self-administered version of the CRQ and the SGRQ with respect to feasibility , internal consistency , validity , and sensitivity to changes resulting from bronchodilator therapy . METHODS One hundred and forty four patients with moderate or severe COPD were randomly assigned to receive three months of treatment with either salmeterol , salmeterol + ipratropium bromide , or placebo . Quality of life was measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment . RESULTS The proportions of missing values per patient were low for both questionnaires ( 0.54 % for the CRQ and 2 % for the SGRQ ) . The internal consistency was good for both questionnaires ( Cronbach 's alpha coefficients > /= 0.84 for the CRQ and > /= 0.76 for the SGRQ ) . Factor analysis confirmed the original domain structure of the CRQ but not of the SGRQ . Correlations with forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV ( 1 ) ) % predicted and peak expiratory flow rate ( PEFR ) were low for both questionnaires but better for the SGRQ than for the CRQ . The ability to discriminate between subjects with different levels of FEV ( 1 ) was somewhat better for the SGRQ . The correlations with symptom scores were comparable for both questionnaires . Cross sectionally , the scores of the two questionnaires were moderately to highly correlated ( coefficients ranged from 0.35 to 0.72 ) . Longitudinally , these correlations were lower ( coefficients ranged from 0.17 to 0.54 ) but were still significant . The CRQ total and emotions score and the SGRQ symptoms score were the most responsive to change . The SGRQ symptoms domain was the only domain where the improvement in patients receiving combination treatment crossed the threshold for clinical relevance . CONCLUSIONS Since this analysis of reliability , validity , and responsiveness to change did not clearly favour one instrument above the other , the choice between the CRQ and the SGRQ can be based on other considerations such as the required sample size or the availability of reference values . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

An empirical comparison of the St George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ( SGRQ ) and the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire ( CRQ ) in a clinical trial setting . BACKGROUND The Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire ( CRQ ) and the St George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ( SGRQ ) are the two most widely used quality of life questionnaires in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . A study was undertaken to compare directly the self-administered version of the CRQ and the SGRQ with respect to feasibility , internal consistency , validity , and sensitivity to changes resulting from bronchodilator therapy . METHODS One hundred and forty four patients with moderate or severe COPD were randomly assigned to receive three months of treatment with either salmeterol , salmeterol + ipratropium bromide , or placebo . Quality of life was measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment . RESULTS The proportions of missing values per patient were low for both questionnaires ( 0.54 % for the CRQ and 2 % for the SGRQ ) . The internal consistency was good for both questionnaires ( Cronbach 's alpha coefficients > /= 0.84 for the CRQ and > /= 0.76 for the SGRQ ) . Factor analysis confirmed the original domain structure of the CRQ but not of the SGRQ . Correlations with forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV ( 1 ) ) % predicted and peak expiratory flow rate ( PEFR ) were low for both questionnaires but better for the SGRQ than for the CRQ . The ability to discriminate between subjects with different levels of FEV ( 1 ) was somewhat better for the SGRQ . The correlations with symptom scores were comparable for both questionnaires . Cross sectionally , the scores of the two questionnaires were moderately to highly correlated ( coefficients ranged from 0.35 to 0.72 ) . Longitudinally , these correlations were lower ( coefficients ranged from 0.17 to 0.54 ) but were still significant . The CRQ total and emotions score and the SGRQ symptoms score were the most responsive to change . The SGRQ symptoms domain was the only domain where the improvement in patients receiving combination treatment crossed the threshold for clinical relevance . CONCLUSIONS Since this analysis of reliability , validity , and responsiveness to change did not clearly favour one instrument above the other , the choice between the CRQ and the SGRQ can be based on other considerations such as the required sample size or the availability of reference values .

[ "An", "empirical", "comparison", "of", "the", "St", "George", "'", "s", "Respiratory", "Questionnaire", "(", "SGRQ", ")", "and", "the", "Chronic", "Respiratory", "Disease", "Questionnaire", "(", "CRQ", ")", "in", "a", "clinical", "trial", "setting", ".", "BACKGROUND", "The", "Chronic", "Respiratory", "Questionnaire", "(", "CRQ", ")", "and", "the", "St", "George", "'", "s", "Respiratory", "Questionnaire", "(", "SGRQ", ")", "are", "the", "two", "most", "widely", "used", "quality", "of", "life", "questionnaires", "in", "chronic", "obstructive", "pulmonary", "disease", "(", "COPD", ")", ".", "A", "study", "was", "undertaken", "to", "compare", "directly", "the", "self", "-", "administered", "version", "of", "the", "CRQ", "and", "the", "SGRQ", "with", "respect", "to", "feasibility", ",", "internal", "consistency", ",", "validity", ",", "and", "sensitivity", "to", "changes", "resulting", "from", "bronchodilator", "therapy", ".", "METHODS", "One", "hundred", "and", "forty", "four", "patients", "with", "moderate", "or", "severe", "COPD", "were", "randomly", "assigned", "to", "receive", "three", "months", "of", "treatment", "with", "either", "salmeterol", ",", "salmeterol", "+", "ipratropium", "bromide", ",", "or", "placebo", ".", "Quality", "of", "life", "was", "measured", "at", "baseline", "and", "after", "12", "weeks", "of", "treatment", ".", "RESULTS", "The", "proportions", "of", "missing", "values", "per", "patient", "were", "low", "for", "both", "questionnaires", "(", "0.54", "%", "for", "the", "CRQ", "and", "2", "%", "for", "the", "SGRQ", ")", ".", "The", "internal", "consistency", "was", "good", "for", "both", "questionnaires", "(", "Cronbach", "'", "s", "alpha", "coefficients", ">", "/=", "0.84", "for", "the", "CRQ", "and", ">", "/=", "0.76", "for", "the", "SGRQ", ")", ".", "Factor", "analysis", "confirmed", "the", "original", "domain", "structure", "of", "the", "CRQ", "but", "not", "of", "the", "SGRQ", ".", "Correlations", "with", "forced", "expiratory", "volume", "in", "one", "second", "(", "FEV", "(", "1", ")", ")", "%", "predicted", "and", "peak", "expiratory", "flow", "rate", "(", "PEFR", ")", "were", "low", "for", "both", "questionnaires", "but", "better", "for", "the", "SGRQ", "than", "for", "the", "CRQ", ".", "The", "ability", "to", "discriminate", "between", "subjects", "with", "different", "levels", "of", "FEV", "(", "1", ")", "was", "somewhat", "better", "for", "the", "SGRQ", ".", "The", "correlations", "with", "symptom", "scores", "were", "comparable", "for", "both", "questionnaires", ".", "Cross", "sectionally", ",", "the", "scores", "of", "the", "two", "questionnaires", "were", "moderately", "to", "highly", "correlated", "(", "coefficients", "ranged", "from", "0.35", "to", "0.72", ")", ".", "Longitudinally", ",", "these", "correlations", "were", "lower", "(", "coefficients", "ranged", "from", "0.17", "to", "0.54", ")", "but", "were", "still", "significant", ".", "The", "CRQ", "total", "and", "emotions", "score", "and", "the", "SGRQ", "symptoms", "score", "were", "the", "most", "responsive", "to", "change", ".", "The", "SGRQ", "symptoms", "domain", "was", "the", "only", "domain", "where", "the", "improvement", "in", "patients", "receiving", "combination", "treatment", "crossed", "the", "threshold", "for", "clinical", "relevance", ".", "CONCLUSIONS", "Since", "this", "analysis", "of", "reliability", ",", "validity", ",", "and", "responsiveness", "to", "change", "did", "not", "clearly", "favour", "one", "instrument", "above", "the", "other", ",", "the", "choice", "between", "the", "CRQ", "and", "the", "SGRQ", "can", "be", "based", "on", "other", "considerations", "such", "as", "the", "required", "sample", "size", "or", "the", "availability", "of", "reference", "values", "." ]

[ "Participant_Condition", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Intervention_Control" ]

CREB is a protein-family, CREB - binding protein is a protein, CRE is a DNA, c - fos is a protein, tyrosine hydroxylase is a protein, enkephalin is a protein, somatostatin is a protein, vasoactive intestinal peptide is a protein

1.0alpha7.train.1232_task0

Sentence: Phosphorylated CREB protein then binds to CREB-binding protein (27, 28), and this complex is thought to induce transcription of genes containing CRE sequences such as c-fos (7), tyrosine hydroxylase (29), enkephalin (18), somatostatin (17), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (30). Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: DNA, protein-family, protein

[ "O", "B-protein-family", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DNA", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Phosphorylated CREB protein then binds to CREB-binding protein (27, 28), and this complex is thought to induce transcription of genes containing CRE sequences such as c-fos (7), tyrosine hydroxylase (29), enkephalin (18), somatostatin (17), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (30).

[ "Phosphorylated", "CREB", "protein", "then", "binds", "to", "CREB", "-", "binding", "protein", "(", "27", ",", "28", ")", ",", "and", "this", "complex", "is", "thought", "to", "induce", "transcription", "of", "genes", "containing", "CRE", "sequences", "such", "as", "c", "-", "fos", "(", "7", ")", ",", "tyrosine", "hydroxylase", "(", "29", ")", ",", "enkephalin", "(", "18", ")", ",", "somatostatin", "(", "17", ")", ",", "and", "vasoactive", "intestinal", "peptide", "(", "30", ")", "." ]

[ "protein", "protein-family", "DNA" ]

CREB is a protein-family, CREB - binding protein is a protein, CRE is a DNA, c - fos is a protein, tyrosine hydroxylase is a protein, enkephalin is a protein, somatostatin is a protein, vasoactive intestinal peptide is a protein

1.0alpha7.train.1232_task1

Sentence: Phosphorylated CREB protein then binds to CREB-binding protein (27, 28), and this complex is thought to induce transcription of genes containing CRE sequences such as c-fos (7), tyrosine hydroxylase (29), enkephalin (18), somatostatin (17), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (30). Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: CREB, CREB - binding protein, CRE, c - fos, tyrosine hydroxylase, enkephalin, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide Options: DNA, protein-family, protein

[ "O", "B-protein-family", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DNA", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Phosphorylated CREB protein then binds to CREB-binding protein (27, 28), and this complex is thought to induce transcription of genes containing CRE sequences such as c-fos (7), tyrosine hydroxylase (29), enkephalin (18), somatostatin (17), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (30).

[ "Phosphorylated", "CREB", "protein", "then", "binds", "to", "CREB", "-", "binding", "protein", "(", "27", ",", "28", ")", ",", "and", "this", "complex", "is", "thought", "to", "induce", "transcription", "of", "genes", "containing", "CRE", "sequences", "such", "as", "c", "-", "fos", "(", "7", ")", ",", "tyrosine", "hydroxylase", "(", "29", ")", ",", "enkephalin", "(", "18", ")", ",", "somatostatin", "(", "17", ")", ",", "and", "vasoactive", "intestinal", "peptide", "(", "30", ")", "." ]

[ "protein", "protein-family", "DNA" ]

CREB, CREB - binding protein, CRE, c - fos, tyrosine hydroxylase, enkephalin, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide

1.0alpha7.train.1232_task2

Sentence: Phosphorylated CREB protein then binds to CREB-binding protein (27, 28), and this complex is thought to induce transcription of genes containing CRE sequences such as c-fos (7), tyrosine hydroxylase (29), enkephalin (18), somatostatin (17), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (30). Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "B-protein-family", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DNA", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Phosphorylated CREB protein then binds to CREB-binding protein (27, 28), and this complex is thought to induce transcription of genes containing CRE sequences such as c-fos (7), tyrosine hydroxylase (29), enkephalin (18), somatostatin (17), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (30).

[ "Phosphorylated", "CREB", "protein", "then", "binds", "to", "CREB", "-", "binding", "protein", "(", "27", ",", "28", ")", ",", "and", "this", "complex", "is", "thought", "to", "induce", "transcription", "of", "genes", "containing", "CRE", "sequences", "such", "as", "c", "-", "fos", "(", "7", ")", ",", "tyrosine", "hydroxylase", "(", "29", ")", ",", "enkephalin", "(", "18", ")", ",", "somatostatin", "(", "17", ")", ",", "and", "vasoactive", "intestinal", "peptide", "(", "30", ")", "." ]

[ "protein", "protein-family", "DNA" ]

milbemycins A3 and A4 is a CHEMICAL

23631374_task0

Sentence: X-ray structure analysis of a solid solution of milbemycins A3 and A4. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: CHEMICAL

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O" ]

X-ray structure analysis of a solid solution of milbemycins A3 and A4.

[ "X", "-", "ray", "structure", "analysis", "of", "a", "solid", "solution", "of", "milbemycins", "A3", "and", "A4", "." ]

[ "CHEMICAL" ]

milbemycins A3 and A4 is a CHEMICAL

23631374_task1

Sentence: X-ray structure analysis of a solid solution of milbemycins A3 and A4. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: milbemycins A3 and A4 Options: CHEMICAL

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O" ]

X-ray structure analysis of a solid solution of milbemycins A3 and A4.

[ "X", "-", "ray", "structure", "analysis", "of", "a", "solid", "solution", "of", "milbemycins", "A3", "and", "A4", "." ]

[ "CHEMICAL" ]

milbemycins A3 and A4

23631374_task2

Sentence: X-ray structure analysis of a solid solution of milbemycins A3 and A4. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O" ]

X-ray structure analysis of a solid solution of milbemycins A3 and A4.

[ "X", "-", "ray", "structure", "analysis", "of", "a", "solid", "solution", "of", "milbemycins", "A3", "and", "A4", "." ]

[ "CHEMICAL" ]

nitric oxide synthase is a protein, acetylcholine is a compound

DS.d123_task0

Sentence: Recent studies have focused on possible functional disorders of the enteric nervous system within the abomasal wall, since cattle with abomasal displacement have an increased activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, as well as decreased acetylcholine sensitivity. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: compound, protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O" ]

Recent studies have focused on possible functional disorders of the enteric nervous system within the abomasal wall, since cattle with abomasal displacement have an increased activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, as well as decreased acetylcholine sensitivity.

[ "Recent", "studies", "have", "focused", "on", "possible", "functional", "disorders", "of", "the", "enteric", "nervous", "system", "within", "the", "abomasal", "wall", ",", "since", "cattle", "with", "abomasal", "displacement", "have", "an", "increased", "activity", "of", "neuronal", "nitric", "oxide", "synthase", ",", "as", "well", "as", "decreased", "acetylcholine", "sensitivity", "." ]

[ "protein", "compound" ]

nitric oxide synthase is a protein, acetylcholine is a compound

DS.d123_task1

Sentence: Recent studies have focused on possible functional disorders of the enteric nervous system within the abomasal wall, since cattle with abomasal displacement have an increased activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, as well as decreased acetylcholine sensitivity. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: nitric oxide synthase, acetylcholine Options: compound, protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O" ]

Recent studies have focused on possible functional disorders of the enteric nervous system within the abomasal wall, since cattle with abomasal displacement have an increased activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, as well as decreased acetylcholine sensitivity.

[ "Recent", "studies", "have", "focused", "on", "possible", "functional", "disorders", "of", "the", "enteric", "nervous", "system", "within", "the", "abomasal", "wall", ",", "since", "cattle", "with", "abomasal", "displacement", "have", "an", "increased", "activity", "of", "neuronal", "nitric", "oxide", "synthase", ",", "as", "well", "as", "decreased", "acetylcholine", "sensitivity", "." ]

[ "protein", "compound" ]

nitric oxide synthase, acetylcholine

DS.d123_task2

Sentence: Recent studies have focused on possible functional disorders of the enteric nervous system within the abomasal wall, since cattle with abomasal displacement have an increased activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, as well as decreased acetylcholine sensitivity. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O" ]

Recent studies have focused on possible functional disorders of the enteric nervous system within the abomasal wall, since cattle with abomasal displacement have an increased activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, as well as decreased acetylcholine sensitivity.

[ "Recent", "studies", "have", "focused", "on", "possible", "functional", "disorders", "of", "the", "enteric", "nervous", "system", "within", "the", "abomasal", "wall", ",", "since", "cattle", "with", "abomasal", "displacement", "have", "an", "increased", "activity", "of", "neuronal", "nitric", "oxide", "synthase", ",", "as", "well", "as", "decreased", "acetylcholine", "sensitivity", "." ]

[ "protein", "compound" ]

synovial cysts is an umlsterm, cysts is an umlsterm, nerve root compression is an umlsterm, Magnetic resonance imaging is an umlsterm, diagnosis is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, choice is an umlsterm, surgical is an umlsterm, cysts is an umlsterm, spontaneous remissions is an umlsterm, aspiration is an umlsterm, cysts is an umlsterm, corticosteroid is an umlsterm, injection is an umlsterm, symptoms is an umlsterm, time is an umlsterm, retrospective study is an umlsterm, period is an umlsterm, cysts is an umlsterm, synovial cysts is an umlsterm, symptoms is an umlsterm, operations is an umlsterm, nerve root compression is an umlsterm, cysts is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, pain is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, cysts is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, pain is an umlsterm, Pareses is an umlsterm

DerNervenarzt.70680515.eng.abstr_task0

Sentence: Ganglionic and synovial cysts ( juxta-facet cysts ) causing nerve root compression are very rare . Magnetic resonance imaging is the best means of diagnosis . The treatment of choice is surgical removal of the cysts , though spontaneous remissions do occur . CT-guided aspiration of the cysts and corticosteroid injection can lead the symptoms to disappear , but only for a short time . In a retrospective study covering a period of 16.5 years , we discovered 24 juxta-facet cysts ( 10 ganglionic and 14 synovial cysts ) with clinical symptoms in a total of 19,107 lumbar and thoracic operations performed to relieve nerve root compression : 16 cysts were located at the level L4-5, 3 at the level L5-S1, 2 at L3-4, and 1 each at the levels L2-3, L1-2, and T10-1. Seven patients complained of radicular pain , and the other 17 patients also had neurological deficits . Fourteen cysts were resected , and in 10 cases the lumbar disc was removed simultaneously . The average follow-up in 23 of the 24 patients was 26.6 months . Most ( 74% ) of the patients became free of pain . Pareses disappeared in 89% and sensory deficits in 73% of cases . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Ganglionic and synovial cysts ( juxta-facet cysts ) causing nerve root compression are very rare . Magnetic resonance imaging is the best means of diagnosis . The treatment of choice is surgical removal of the cysts , though spontaneous remissions do occur . CT-guided aspiration of the cysts and corticosteroid injection can lead the symptoms to disappear , but only for a short time . In a retrospective study covering a period of 16.5 years , we discovered 24 juxta-facet cysts ( 10 ganglionic and 14 synovial cysts ) with clinical symptoms in a total of 19,107 lumbar and thoracic operations performed to relieve nerve root compression : 16 cysts were located at the level L4-5, 3 at the level L5-S1, 2 at L3-4, and 1 each at the levels L2-3, L1-2, and T10-1. Seven patients complained of radicular pain , and the other 17 patients also had neurological deficits . Fourteen cysts were resected , and in 10 cases the lumbar disc was removed simultaneously . The average follow-up in 23 of the 24 patients was 26.6 months . Most ( 74% ) of the patients became free of pain . Pareses disappeared in 89% and sensory deficits in 73% of cases .

[ "Ganglionic", "and", "synovial", "cysts", "(", "juxta", "-", "facet", "cysts", ")", "causing", "nerve", "root", "compression", "are", "very", "rare", ".", "Magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "is", "the", "best", "means", "of", "diagnosis", ".", "The", "treatment", "of", "choice", "is", "surgical", "removal", "of", "the", "cysts", ",", "though", "spontaneous", "remissions", "do", "occur", ".", "CT", "-", "guided", "aspiration", "of", "the", "cysts", "and", "corticosteroid", "injection", "can", "lead", "the", "symptoms", "to", "disappear", ",", "but", "only", "for", "a", "short", "time", ".", "In", "a", "retrospective", "study", "covering", "a", "period", "of", "16.5", "years", ",", "we", "discovered", "24", "juxta", "-", "facet", "cysts", "(", "10", "ganglionic", "and", "14", "synovial", "cysts", ")", "with", "clinical", "symptoms", "in", "a", "total", "of", "19,107", "lumbar", "and", "thoracic", "operations", "performed", "to", "relieve", "nerve", "root", "compression", ":", "16", "cysts", "were", "located", "at", "the", "level", "L4", "-", "5", ",", "3", "at", "the", "level", "L5-S1", ",", "2", "at", "L3", "-", "4", ",", "and", "1", "each", "at", "the", "levels", "L2", "-", "3", ",", "L1", "-", "2", ",", "and", "T10", "-", "1", ".", "Seven", "patients", "complained", "of", "radicular", "pain", ",", "and", "the", "other", "17", "patients", "also", "had", "neurological", "deficits", ".", "Fourteen", "cysts", "were", "resected", ",", "and", "in", "10", "cases", "the", "lumbar", "disc", "was", "removed", "simultaneously", ".", "The", "average", "follow", "-", "up", "in", "23", "of", "the", "24", "patients", "was", "26.6", "months", ".", "Most", "(", "74", "%", ")", "of", "the", "patients", "became", "free", "of", "pain", ".", "Pareses", "disappeared", "in", "89", "%", "and", "sensory", "deficits", "in", "73", "%", "of", "cases", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

synovial cysts is an umlsterm, cysts is an umlsterm, nerve root compression is an umlsterm, Magnetic resonance imaging is an umlsterm, diagnosis is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, choice is an umlsterm, surgical is an umlsterm, cysts is an umlsterm, spontaneous remissions is an umlsterm, aspiration is an umlsterm, cysts is an umlsterm, corticosteroid is an umlsterm, injection is an umlsterm, symptoms is an umlsterm, time is an umlsterm, retrospective study is an umlsterm, period is an umlsterm, cysts is an umlsterm, synovial cysts is an umlsterm, symptoms is an umlsterm, operations is an umlsterm, nerve root compression is an umlsterm, cysts is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, pain is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, cysts is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, pain is an umlsterm, Pareses is an umlsterm

DerNervenarzt.70680515.eng.abstr_task1

Sentence: Ganglionic and synovial cysts ( juxta-facet cysts ) causing nerve root compression are very rare . Magnetic resonance imaging is the best means of diagnosis . The treatment of choice is surgical removal of the cysts , though spontaneous remissions do occur . CT-guided aspiration of the cysts and corticosteroid injection can lead the symptoms to disappear , but only for a short time . In a retrospective study covering a period of 16.5 years , we discovered 24 juxta-facet cysts ( 10 ganglionic and 14 synovial cysts ) with clinical symptoms in a total of 19,107 lumbar and thoracic operations performed to relieve nerve root compression : 16 cysts were located at the level L4-5, 3 at the level L5-S1, 2 at L3-4, and 1 each at the levels L2-3, L1-2, and T10-1. Seven patients complained of radicular pain , and the other 17 patients also had neurological deficits . Fourteen cysts were resected , and in 10 cases the lumbar disc was removed simultaneously . The average follow-up in 23 of the 24 patients was 26.6 months . Most ( 74% ) of the patients became free of pain . Pareses disappeared in 89% and sensory deficits in 73% of cases . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: synovial cysts, cysts, nerve root compression, Magnetic resonance imaging, diagnosis, treatment, choice, surgical, cysts, spontaneous remissions, aspiration, cysts, corticosteroid, injection, symptoms, time, retrospective study, period, cysts, synovial cysts, symptoms, operations, nerve root compression, cysts, patients, pain, patients, cysts, patients, patients, pain, Pareses Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Ganglionic and synovial cysts ( juxta-facet cysts ) causing nerve root compression are very rare . Magnetic resonance imaging is the best means of diagnosis . The treatment of choice is surgical removal of the cysts , though spontaneous remissions do occur . CT-guided aspiration of the cysts and corticosteroid injection can lead the symptoms to disappear , but only for a short time . In a retrospective study covering a period of 16.5 years , we discovered 24 juxta-facet cysts ( 10 ganglionic and 14 synovial cysts ) with clinical symptoms in a total of 19,107 lumbar and thoracic operations performed to relieve nerve root compression : 16 cysts were located at the level L4-5, 3 at the level L5-S1, 2 at L3-4, and 1 each at the levels L2-3, L1-2, and T10-1. Seven patients complained of radicular pain , and the other 17 patients also had neurological deficits . Fourteen cysts were resected , and in 10 cases the lumbar disc was removed simultaneously . The average follow-up in 23 of the 24 patients was 26.6 months . Most ( 74% ) of the patients became free of pain . Pareses disappeared in 89% and sensory deficits in 73% of cases .

[ "Ganglionic", "and", "synovial", "cysts", "(", "juxta", "-", "facet", "cysts", ")", "causing", "nerve", "root", "compression", "are", "very", "rare", ".", "Magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "is", "the", "best", "means", "of", "diagnosis", ".", "The", "treatment", "of", "choice", "is", "surgical", "removal", "of", "the", "cysts", ",", "though", "spontaneous", "remissions", "do", "occur", ".", "CT", "-", "guided", "aspiration", "of", "the", "cysts", "and", "corticosteroid", "injection", "can", "lead", "the", "symptoms", "to", "disappear", ",", "but", "only", "for", "a", "short", "time", ".", "In", "a", "retrospective", "study", "covering", "a", "period", "of", "16.5", "years", ",", "we", "discovered", "24", "juxta", "-", "facet", "cysts", "(", "10", "ganglionic", "and", "14", "synovial", "cysts", ")", "with", "clinical", "symptoms", "in", "a", "total", "of", "19,107", "lumbar", "and", "thoracic", "operations", "performed", "to", "relieve", "nerve", "root", "compression", ":", "16", "cysts", "were", "located", "at", "the", "level", "L4", "-", "5", ",", "3", "at", "the", "level", "L5-S1", ",", "2", "at", "L3", "-", "4", ",", "and", "1", "each", "at", "the", "levels", "L2", "-", "3", ",", "L1", "-", "2", ",", "and", "T10", "-", "1", ".", "Seven", "patients", "complained", "of", "radicular", "pain", ",", "and", "the", "other", "17", "patients", "also", "had", "neurological", "deficits", ".", "Fourteen", "cysts", "were", "resected", ",", "and", "in", "10", "cases", "the", "lumbar", "disc", "was", "removed", "simultaneously", ".", "The", "average", "follow", "-", "up", "in", "23", "of", "the", "24", "patients", "was", "26.6", "months", ".", "Most", "(", "74", "%", ")", "of", "the", "patients", "became", "free", "of", "pain", ".", "Pareses", "disappeared", "in", "89", "%", "and", "sensory", "deficits", "in", "73", "%", "of", "cases", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

synovial cysts, cysts, nerve root compression, Magnetic resonance imaging, diagnosis, treatment, choice, surgical, cysts, spontaneous remissions, aspiration, cysts, corticosteroid, injection, symptoms, time, retrospective study, period, cysts, synovial cysts, symptoms, operations, nerve root compression, cysts, patients, pain, patients, cysts, patients, patients, pain, Pareses

DerNervenarzt.70680515.eng.abstr_task2

Sentence: Ganglionic and synovial cysts ( juxta-facet cysts ) causing nerve root compression are very rare . Magnetic resonance imaging is the best means of diagnosis . The treatment of choice is surgical removal of the cysts , though spontaneous remissions do occur . CT-guided aspiration of the cysts and corticosteroid injection can lead the symptoms to disappear , but only for a short time . In a retrospective study covering a period of 16.5 years , we discovered 24 juxta-facet cysts ( 10 ganglionic and 14 synovial cysts ) with clinical symptoms in a total of 19,107 lumbar and thoracic operations performed to relieve nerve root compression : 16 cysts were located at the level L4-5, 3 at the level L5-S1, 2 at L3-4, and 1 each at the levels L2-3, L1-2, and T10-1. Seven patients complained of radicular pain , and the other 17 patients also had neurological deficits . Fourteen cysts were resected , and in 10 cases the lumbar disc was removed simultaneously . The average follow-up in 23 of the 24 patients was 26.6 months . Most ( 74% ) of the patients became free of pain . Pareses disappeared in 89% and sensory deficits in 73% of cases . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Ganglionic and synovial cysts ( juxta-facet cysts ) causing nerve root compression are very rare . Magnetic resonance imaging is the best means of diagnosis . The treatment of choice is surgical removal of the cysts , though spontaneous remissions do occur . CT-guided aspiration of the cysts and corticosteroid injection can lead the symptoms to disappear , but only for a short time . In a retrospective study covering a period of 16.5 years , we discovered 24 juxta-facet cysts ( 10 ganglionic and 14 synovial cysts ) with clinical symptoms in a total of 19,107 lumbar and thoracic operations performed to relieve nerve root compression : 16 cysts were located at the level L4-5, 3 at the level L5-S1, 2 at L3-4, and 1 each at the levels L2-3, L1-2, and T10-1. Seven patients complained of radicular pain , and the other 17 patients also had neurological deficits . Fourteen cysts were resected , and in 10 cases the lumbar disc was removed simultaneously . The average follow-up in 23 of the 24 patients was 26.6 months . Most ( 74% ) of the patients became free of pain . Pareses disappeared in 89% and sensory deficits in 73% of cases .

[ "Ganglionic", "and", "synovial", "cysts", "(", "juxta", "-", "facet", "cysts", ")", "causing", "nerve", "root", "compression", "are", "very", "rare", ".", "Magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "is", "the", "best", "means", "of", "diagnosis", ".", "The", "treatment", "of", "choice", "is", "surgical", "removal", "of", "the", "cysts", ",", "though", "spontaneous", "remissions", "do", "occur", ".", "CT", "-", "guided", "aspiration", "of", "the", "cysts", "and", "corticosteroid", "injection", "can", "lead", "the", "symptoms", "to", "disappear", ",", "but", "only", "for", "a", "short", "time", ".", "In", "a", "retrospective", "study", "covering", "a", "period", "of", "16.5", "years", ",", "we", "discovered", "24", "juxta", "-", "facet", "cysts", "(", "10", "ganglionic", "and", "14", "synovial", "cysts", ")", "with", "clinical", "symptoms", "in", "a", "total", "of", "19,107", "lumbar", "and", "thoracic", "operations", "performed", "to", "relieve", "nerve", "root", "compression", ":", "16", "cysts", "were", "located", "at", "the", "level", "L4", "-", "5", ",", "3", "at", "the", "level", "L5-S1", ",", "2", "at", "L3", "-", "4", ",", "and", "1", "each", "at", "the", "levels", "L2", "-", "3", ",", "L1", "-", "2", ",", "and", "T10", "-", "1", ".", "Seven", "patients", "complained", "of", "radicular", "pain", ",", "and", "the", "other", "17", "patients", "also", "had", "neurological", "deficits", ".", "Fourteen", "cysts", "were", "resected", ",", "and", "in", "10", "cases", "the", "lumbar", "disc", "was", "removed", "simultaneously", ".", "The", "average", "follow", "-", "up", "in", "23", "of", "the", "24", "patients", "was", "26.6", "months", ".", "Most", "(", "74", "%", ")", "of", "the", "patients", "became", "free", "of", "pain", ".", "Pareses", "disappeared", "in", "89", "%", "and", "sensory", "deficits", "in", "73", "%", "of", "cases", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

Collagen is an umlsterm, vascular diseases is an umlsterm, tissue is an umlsterm, disorders is an umlsterm, pathologic is an umlsterm, respiratory tract is an umlsterm, survey is an umlsterm, chest is an umlsterm, findings is an umlsterm, respiratory tract is an umlsterm, fibrosing alveolitis is an umlsterm, interstitial pneumonia is an umlsterm, pulmonary fibrosis is an umlsterm, bronchiectasis is an umlsterm, pleural is an umlsterm, lymphadenopathy is an umlsterm, abnormalities is an umlsterm, therapy is an umlsterm, progressive systemic sclerosis is an umlsterm, PSS is an umlsterm, scleroderma is an umlsterm, lupus is an umlsterm, erythematosus is an umlsterm, SLE is an umlsterm, connective tissue disease is an umlsterm, MCTD is an umlsterm, Sharp syndrome is an umlsterm, syndrome is an umlsterm, syndrome is an umlsterm, rheumatoid arthritis is an umlsterm, findings is an umlsterm, esophageal is an umlsterm, PSS is an umlsterm, pneumonitis is an umlsterm, hemorrhage is an umlsterm, SLE is an umlsterm, lymphoproliferative disease is an umlsterm, syndrome is an umlsterm

DerRadiologe.60360567.eng.abstr_task0

Sentence: Collagen vascular diseases , representing systemic soft tissue disorders , may cause a broad spectrum of pathologic changes of the respiratory tract . The type and extent of manifestations can vary considerably among individuals and entities . This survey describes the chest radiographic and , in particular , high-resolution computed tomographic ( HRCT ) findings of individual lesions of the respiratory tract . It includes fibrosing alveolitis ( alveolitis , interstitial pneumonia , pulmonary fibrosis ) and bronchial ( bronchitis/bronchiolitis , bronchiectasis ) , pleural and vascular manifestations , as well as lymphadenopathy and abnormalities related to therapy . We present typical patterns of changes in progressive systemic sclerosis ( PSS , scleroderma ) , systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) , mixed connective tissue disease ( MCTD , Sharp syndrome ) , Sjoegren syndrome , overlap syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . Furthermore , we describe findings which are specific for individual entities such as esophageal involvement in PSS , acute pneumonitis and pulmonary hemorrhage in SLE , lymphoproliferative disease in Sjoegren syndrome and necrobiotic nodules in RA . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

[ "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Collagen vascular diseases , representing systemic soft tissue disorders , may cause a broad spectrum of pathologic changes of the respiratory tract . The type and extent of manifestations can vary considerably among individuals and entities . This survey describes the chest radiographic and , in particular , high-resolution computed tomographic ( HRCT ) findings of individual lesions of the respiratory tract . It includes fibrosing alveolitis ( alveolitis , interstitial pneumonia , pulmonary fibrosis ) and bronchial ( bronchitis/bronchiolitis , bronchiectasis ) , pleural and vascular manifestations , as well as lymphadenopathy and abnormalities related to therapy . We present typical patterns of changes in progressive systemic sclerosis ( PSS , scleroderma ) , systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) , mixed connective tissue disease ( MCTD , Sharp syndrome ) , Sjoegren syndrome , overlap syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . Furthermore , we describe findings which are specific for individual entities such as esophageal involvement in PSS , acute pneumonitis and pulmonary hemorrhage in SLE , lymphoproliferative disease in Sjoegren syndrome and necrobiotic nodules in RA .

[ "Collagen", "vascular", "diseases", ",", "representing", "systemic", "soft", "tissue", "disorders", ",", "may", "cause", "a", "broad", "spectrum", "of", "pathologic", "changes", "of", "the", "respiratory", "tract", ".", "The", "type", "and", "extent", "of", "manifestations", "can", "vary", "considerably", "among", "individuals", "and", "entities", ".", "This", "survey", "describes", "the", "chest", "radiographic", "and", ",", "in", "particular", ",", "high", "-", "resolution", "computed", "tomographic", "(", "HRCT", ")", "findings", "of", "individual", "lesions", "of", "the", "respiratory", "tract", ".", "It", "includes", "fibrosing", "alveolitis", "(", "alveolitis", ",", "interstitial", "pneumonia", ",", "pulmonary", "fibrosis", ")", "and", "bronchial", "(", "bronchitis", "/", "bronchiolitis", ",", "bronchiectasis", ")", ",", "pleural", "and", "vascular", "manifestations", ",", "as", "well", "as", "lymphadenopathy", "and", "abnormalities", "related", "to", "therapy", ".", "We", "present", "typical", "patterns", "of", "changes", "in", "progressive", "systemic", "sclerosis", "(", "PSS", ",", "scleroderma", ")", ",", "systemic", "lupus", "erythematosus", "(", "SLE", ")", ",", "mixed", "connective", "tissue", "disease", "(", "MCTD", ",", "Sharp", "syndrome", ")", ",", "Sjoegren", "syndrome", ",", "overlap", "syndrome", "and", "rheumatoid", "arthritis", "(", "RA", ")", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "we", "describe", "findings", "which", "are", "specific", "for", "individual", "entities", "such", "as", "esophageal", "involvement", "in", "PSS", ",", "acute", "pneumonitis", "and", "pulmonary", "hemorrhage", "in", "SLE", ",", "lymphoproliferative", "disease", "in", "Sjoegren", "syndrome", "and", "necrobiotic", "nodules", "in", "RA", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

Collagen is an umlsterm, vascular diseases is an umlsterm, tissue is an umlsterm, disorders is an umlsterm, pathologic is an umlsterm, respiratory tract is an umlsterm, survey is an umlsterm, chest is an umlsterm, findings is an umlsterm, respiratory tract is an umlsterm, fibrosing alveolitis is an umlsterm, interstitial pneumonia is an umlsterm, pulmonary fibrosis is an umlsterm, bronchiectasis is an umlsterm, pleural is an umlsterm, lymphadenopathy is an umlsterm, abnormalities is an umlsterm, therapy is an umlsterm, progressive systemic sclerosis is an umlsterm, PSS is an umlsterm, scleroderma is an umlsterm, lupus is an umlsterm, erythematosus is an umlsterm, SLE is an umlsterm, connective tissue disease is an umlsterm, MCTD is an umlsterm, Sharp syndrome is an umlsterm, syndrome is an umlsterm, syndrome is an umlsterm, rheumatoid arthritis is an umlsterm, findings is an umlsterm, esophageal is an umlsterm, PSS is an umlsterm, pneumonitis is an umlsterm, hemorrhage is an umlsterm, SLE is an umlsterm, lymphoproliferative disease is an umlsterm, syndrome is an umlsterm

DerRadiologe.60360567.eng.abstr_task1

Sentence: Collagen vascular diseases , representing systemic soft tissue disorders , may cause a broad spectrum of pathologic changes of the respiratory tract . The type and extent of manifestations can vary considerably among individuals and entities . This survey describes the chest radiographic and , in particular , high-resolution computed tomographic ( HRCT ) findings of individual lesions of the respiratory tract . It includes fibrosing alveolitis ( alveolitis , interstitial pneumonia , pulmonary fibrosis ) and bronchial ( bronchitis/bronchiolitis , bronchiectasis ) , pleural and vascular manifestations , as well as lymphadenopathy and abnormalities related to therapy . We present typical patterns of changes in progressive systemic sclerosis ( PSS , scleroderma ) , systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) , mixed connective tissue disease ( MCTD , Sharp syndrome ) , Sjoegren syndrome , overlap syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . Furthermore , we describe findings which are specific for individual entities such as esophageal involvement in PSS , acute pneumonitis and pulmonary hemorrhage in SLE , lymphoproliferative disease in Sjoegren syndrome and necrobiotic nodules in RA . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Collagen, vascular diseases, tissue, disorders, pathologic, respiratory tract, survey, chest, findings, respiratory tract, fibrosing alveolitis, interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, bronchiectasis, pleural, lymphadenopathy, abnormalities, therapy, progressive systemic sclerosis, PSS, scleroderma, lupus, erythematosus, SLE, connective tissue disease, MCTD, Sharp syndrome, syndrome, syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, findings, esophageal, PSS, pneumonitis, hemorrhage, SLE, lymphoproliferative disease, syndrome Options: umlsterm

[ "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Collagen vascular diseases , representing systemic soft tissue disorders , may cause a broad spectrum of pathologic changes of the respiratory tract . The type and extent of manifestations can vary considerably among individuals and entities . This survey describes the chest radiographic and , in particular , high-resolution computed tomographic ( HRCT ) findings of individual lesions of the respiratory tract . It includes fibrosing alveolitis ( alveolitis , interstitial pneumonia , pulmonary fibrosis ) and bronchial ( bronchitis/bronchiolitis , bronchiectasis ) , pleural and vascular manifestations , as well as lymphadenopathy and abnormalities related to therapy . We present typical patterns of changes in progressive systemic sclerosis ( PSS , scleroderma ) , systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) , mixed connective tissue disease ( MCTD , Sharp syndrome ) , Sjoegren syndrome , overlap syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . Furthermore , we describe findings which are specific for individual entities such as esophageal involvement in PSS , acute pneumonitis and pulmonary hemorrhage in SLE , lymphoproliferative disease in Sjoegren syndrome and necrobiotic nodules in RA .

[ "Collagen", "vascular", "diseases", ",", "representing", "systemic", "soft", "tissue", "disorders", ",", "may", "cause", "a", "broad", "spectrum", "of", "pathologic", "changes", "of", "the", "respiratory", "tract", ".", "The", "type", "and", "extent", "of", "manifestations", "can", "vary", "considerably", "among", "individuals", "and", "entities", ".", "This", "survey", "describes", "the", "chest", "radiographic", "and", ",", "in", "particular", ",", "high", "-", "resolution", "computed", "tomographic", "(", "HRCT", ")", "findings", "of", "individual", "lesions", "of", "the", "respiratory", "tract", ".", "It", "includes", "fibrosing", "alveolitis", "(", "alveolitis", ",", "interstitial", "pneumonia", ",", "pulmonary", "fibrosis", ")", "and", "bronchial", "(", "bronchitis", "/", "bronchiolitis", ",", "bronchiectasis", ")", ",", "pleural", "and", "vascular", "manifestations", ",", "as", "well", "as", "lymphadenopathy", "and", "abnormalities", "related", "to", "therapy", ".", "We", "present", "typical", "patterns", "of", "changes", "in", "progressive", "systemic", "sclerosis", "(", "PSS", ",", "scleroderma", ")", ",", "systemic", "lupus", "erythematosus", "(", "SLE", ")", ",", "mixed", "connective", "tissue", "disease", "(", "MCTD", ",", "Sharp", "syndrome", ")", ",", "Sjoegren", "syndrome", ",", "overlap", "syndrome", "and", "rheumatoid", "arthritis", "(", "RA", ")", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "we", "describe", "findings", "which", "are", "specific", "for", "individual", "entities", "such", "as", "esophageal", "involvement", "in", "PSS", ",", "acute", "pneumonitis", "and", "pulmonary", "hemorrhage", "in", "SLE", ",", "lymphoproliferative", "disease", "in", "Sjoegren", "syndrome", "and", "necrobiotic", "nodules", "in", "RA", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

Collagen, vascular diseases, tissue, disorders, pathologic, respiratory tract, survey, chest, findings, respiratory tract, fibrosing alveolitis, interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, bronchiectasis, pleural, lymphadenopathy, abnormalities, therapy, progressive systemic sclerosis, PSS, scleroderma, lupus, erythematosus, SLE, connective tissue disease, MCTD, Sharp syndrome, syndrome, syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, findings, esophageal, PSS, pneumonitis, hemorrhage, SLE, lymphoproliferative disease, syndrome

DerRadiologe.60360567.eng.abstr_task2

Sentence: Collagen vascular diseases , representing systemic soft tissue disorders , may cause a broad spectrum of pathologic changes of the respiratory tract . The type and extent of manifestations can vary considerably among individuals and entities . This survey describes the chest radiographic and , in particular , high-resolution computed tomographic ( HRCT ) findings of individual lesions of the respiratory tract . It includes fibrosing alveolitis ( alveolitis , interstitial pneumonia , pulmonary fibrosis ) and bronchial ( bronchitis/bronchiolitis , bronchiectasis ) , pleural and vascular manifestations , as well as lymphadenopathy and abnormalities related to therapy . We present typical patterns of changes in progressive systemic sclerosis ( PSS , scleroderma ) , systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) , mixed connective tissue disease ( MCTD , Sharp syndrome ) , Sjoegren syndrome , overlap syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . Furthermore , we describe findings which are specific for individual entities such as esophageal involvement in PSS , acute pneumonitis and pulmonary hemorrhage in SLE , lymphoproliferative disease in Sjoegren syndrome and necrobiotic nodules in RA . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Collagen vascular diseases , representing systemic soft tissue disorders , may cause a broad spectrum of pathologic changes of the respiratory tract . The type and extent of manifestations can vary considerably among individuals and entities . This survey describes the chest radiographic and , in particular , high-resolution computed tomographic ( HRCT ) findings of individual lesions of the respiratory tract . It includes fibrosing alveolitis ( alveolitis , interstitial pneumonia , pulmonary fibrosis ) and bronchial ( bronchitis/bronchiolitis , bronchiectasis ) , pleural and vascular manifestations , as well as lymphadenopathy and abnormalities related to therapy . We present typical patterns of changes in progressive systemic sclerosis ( PSS , scleroderma ) , systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) , mixed connective tissue disease ( MCTD , Sharp syndrome ) , Sjoegren syndrome , overlap syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . Furthermore , we describe findings which are specific for individual entities such as esophageal involvement in PSS , acute pneumonitis and pulmonary hemorrhage in SLE , lymphoproliferative disease in Sjoegren syndrome and necrobiotic nodules in RA .

[ "Collagen", "vascular", "diseases", ",", "representing", "systemic", "soft", "tissue", "disorders", ",", "may", "cause", "a", "broad", "spectrum", "of", "pathologic", "changes", "of", "the", "respiratory", "tract", ".", "The", "type", "and", "extent", "of", "manifestations", "can", "vary", "considerably", "among", "individuals", "and", "entities", ".", "This", "survey", "describes", "the", "chest", "radiographic", "and", ",", "in", "particular", ",", "high", "-", "resolution", "computed", "tomographic", "(", "HRCT", ")", "findings", "of", "individual", "lesions", "of", "the", "respiratory", "tract", ".", "It", "includes", "fibrosing", "alveolitis", "(", "alveolitis", ",", "interstitial", "pneumonia", ",", "pulmonary", "fibrosis", ")", "and", "bronchial", "(", "bronchitis", "/", "bronchiolitis", ",", "bronchiectasis", ")", ",", "pleural", "and", "vascular", "manifestations", ",", "as", "well", "as", "lymphadenopathy", "and", "abnormalities", "related", "to", "therapy", ".", "We", "present", "typical", "patterns", "of", "changes", "in", "progressive", "systemic", "sclerosis", "(", "PSS", ",", "scleroderma", ")", ",", "systemic", "lupus", "erythematosus", "(", "SLE", ")", ",", "mixed", "connective", "tissue", "disease", "(", "MCTD", ",", "Sharp", "syndrome", ")", ",", "Sjoegren", "syndrome", ",", "overlap", "syndrome", "and", "rheumatoid", "arthritis", "(", "RA", ")", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "we", "describe", "findings", "which", "are", "specific", "for", "individual", "entities", "such", "as", "esophageal", "involvement", "in", "PSS", ",", "acute", "pneumonitis", "and", "pulmonary", "hemorrhage", "in", "SLE", ",", "lymphoproliferative", "disease", "in", "Sjoegren", "syndrome", "and", "necrobiotic", "nodules", "in", "RA", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

R121919 is a compound, AVP is a protein, CRH is a protein

DS.d278_task0

Sentence: Using DBA/2OlaHsd mice, we investigated the effects of chronic social defeat and concomitant treatment with R121919/NBI 30775 on 1) the behavioural profile in the modified hole board test and 2) in-situ hybridization analysis-based expression of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and CRH mRNA in both the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: compound, protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Using DBA/2OlaHsd mice, we investigated the effects of chronic social defeat and concomitant treatment with R121919/NBI 30775 on 1) the behavioural profile in the modified hole board test and 2) in-situ hybridization analysis-based expression of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and CRH mRNA in both the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus.

[ "Using", "DBA/2OlaHsd", "mice", ",", "we", "investigated", "the", "effects", "of", "chronic", "social", "defeat", "and", "concomitant", "treatment", "with", "R121919", "/", "NBI", "30775", "on", "1", ")", "the", "behavioural", "profile", "in", "the", "modified", "hole", "board", "test", "and", "2", ")", "in", "-", "situ", "hybridization", "analysis", "-", "based", "expression", "of", "arginine", "vasopressin", "(", "AVP", ")", "and", "CRH", "mRNA", "in", "both", "the", "hypothalamic", "paraventricular", "nucleus", "and", "supraoptic", "nucleus", "." ]

[ "compound", "protein" ]

R121919 is a compound, AVP is a protein, CRH is a protein

DS.d278_task1

Sentence: Using DBA/2OlaHsd mice, we investigated the effects of chronic social defeat and concomitant treatment with R121919/NBI 30775 on 1) the behavioural profile in the modified hole board test and 2) in-situ hybridization analysis-based expression of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and CRH mRNA in both the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: R121919, AVP, CRH Options: compound, protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Using DBA/2OlaHsd mice, we investigated the effects of chronic social defeat and concomitant treatment with R121919/NBI 30775 on 1) the behavioural profile in the modified hole board test and 2) in-situ hybridization analysis-based expression of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and CRH mRNA in both the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus.

[ "Using", "DBA/2OlaHsd", "mice", ",", "we", "investigated", "the", "effects", "of", "chronic", "social", "defeat", "and", "concomitant", "treatment", "with", "R121919", "/", "NBI", "30775", "on", "1", ")", "the", "behavioural", "profile", "in", "the", "modified", "hole", "board", "test", "and", "2", ")", "in", "-", "situ", "hybridization", "analysis", "-", "based", "expression", "of", "arginine", "vasopressin", "(", "AVP", ")", "and", "CRH", "mRNA", "in", "both", "the", "hypothalamic", "paraventricular", "nucleus", "and", "supraoptic", "nucleus", "." ]

[ "compound", "protein" ]

R121919, AVP, CRH

DS.d278_task2

Sentence: Using DBA/2OlaHsd mice, we investigated the effects of chronic social defeat and concomitant treatment with R121919/NBI 30775 on 1) the behavioural profile in the modified hole board test and 2) in-situ hybridization analysis-based expression of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and CRH mRNA in both the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Using DBA/2OlaHsd mice, we investigated the effects of chronic social defeat and concomitant treatment with R121919/NBI 30775 on 1) the behavioural profile in the modified hole board test and 2) in-situ hybridization analysis-based expression of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and CRH mRNA in both the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus.

[ "Using", "DBA/2OlaHsd", "mice", ",", "we", "investigated", "the", "effects", "of", "chronic", "social", "defeat", "and", "concomitant", "treatment", "with", "R121919", "/", "NBI", "30775", "on", "1", ")", "the", "behavioural", "profile", "in", "the", "modified", "hole", "board", "test", "and", "2", ")", "in", "-", "situ", "hybridization", "analysis", "-", "based", "expression", "of", "arginine", "vasopressin", "(", "AVP", ")", "and", "CRH", "mRNA", "in", "both", "the", "hypothalamic", "paraventricular", "nucleus", "and", "supraoptic", "nucleus", "." ]

[ "compound", "protein" ]

inhaled steroid , budesonide is a Intervention_Pharmacological, asthma is a Participant_Condition, inhaled steroids is a Intervention_Pharmacological, high and low dose inhaled steroid is a Intervention_Pharmacological, 101 adult patients is a Participant_Sample-size, bronchial asthma is a Participant_Condition, pharmacological treatment is a Participant_Condition, 800 microg inhaled budesonide is a Intervention_Pharmacological, 200 microg inhaled budesonide is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Turbuhaler dry powder inhaler is a Intervention_Pharmacological, morning or evening PEF values is a Outcome_Physical, decrease in bronchial hyperresponsiveness is a Outcome_Physical, more marked is a Outcome_Other, serum markers of asthmatic inflammation is a Outcome_Physical, decrease in the number of blood eosinophils is a Outcome_Physical, serum ECP is a Outcome_Physical, regard to serum EPX is a Outcome_Physical

3944_task0

Sentence: Comparison of high and low dose of the inhaled steroid , budesonide , as an initial treatment in newly detected asthma . The importance of early initiation of inhaled steroids even in mild asthma has been documented in several studies . It is not , however , clear whether the treatment should be started with a high or a low dose of the inhaled steroid . We have compared the effects of high and low dose inhaled steroid , budesonide , in patients with newly detected asthma . We studied 101 adult patients with newly detected bronchial asthma who were without inhaled steroid or any regular pharmacological treatment for their asthma . The patients were randomly allocated to two treatment groups : one to receive 800 microg inhaled budesonide per day and the other to receive 200 microg inhaled budesonide per day . The drugs were given with a Turbuhaler dry powder inhaler . During the 3-month treatment period , no significant differences between the treatment groups were noted in morning or evening PEF values , in spirometric parameters , in asthmatic symptoms or in the use of rescue beta2-agonists . The decrease in bronchial hyperresponsiveness was , however , more marked in the high dose budesonide group , reaching a borderline significance ( P=0.10 high vs. low dose budesonide ) . In addition , in serum markers of asthmatic inflammation significant differences were shown between the treatment groups . The decrease in the number of blood eosinophils during the treatment was more marked in the high dose budesonide group ( P=0.02 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . In serum ECP no change was observed in the low dose budesonide group , but a marked decrease in the high-dose budesonide group ( P=0.008 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . The change was even more marked with regard to serum EPX ( P=0.005 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . Our results support the view that the treatment of newly detected asthma should be started with a high dose of inhaled steroid . The low dose may not be enough to suppress asthmatic inflammation despite good clinical primary response . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size, Outcome_Other

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Comparison of high and low dose of the inhaled steroid , budesonide , as an initial treatment in newly detected asthma . The importance of early initiation of inhaled steroids even in mild asthma has been documented in several studies . It is not , however , clear whether the treatment should be started with a high or a low dose of the inhaled steroid . We have compared the effects of high and low dose inhaled steroid , budesonide , in patients with newly detected asthma . We studied 101 adult patients with newly detected bronchial asthma who were without inhaled steroid or any regular pharmacological treatment for their asthma . The patients were randomly allocated to two treatment groups : one to receive 800 microg inhaled budesonide per day and the other to receive 200 microg inhaled budesonide per day . The drugs were given with a Turbuhaler dry powder inhaler . During the 3-month treatment period , no significant differences between the treatment groups were noted in morning or evening PEF values , in spirometric parameters , in asthmatic symptoms or in the use of rescue beta2-agonists . The decrease in bronchial hyperresponsiveness was , however , more marked in the high dose budesonide group , reaching a borderline significance ( P=0.10 high vs. low dose budesonide ) . In addition , in serum markers of asthmatic inflammation significant differences were shown between the treatment groups . The decrease in the number of blood eosinophils during the treatment was more marked in the high dose budesonide group ( P=0.02 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . In serum ECP no change was observed in the low dose budesonide group , but a marked decrease in the high-dose budesonide group ( P=0.008 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . The change was even more marked with regard to serum EPX ( P=0.005 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . Our results support the view that the treatment of newly detected asthma should be started with a high dose of inhaled steroid . The low dose may not be enough to suppress asthmatic inflammation despite good clinical primary response .

[ "Comparison", "of", "high", "and", "low", "dose", "of", "the", "inhaled", "steroid", ",", "budesonide", ",", "as", "an", "initial", "treatment", "in", "newly", "detected", "asthma", ".", "The", "importance", "of", "early", "initiation", "of", "inhaled", "steroids", "even", "in", "mild", "asthma", "has", "been", "documented", "in", "several", "studies", ".", "It", "is", "not", ",", "however", ",", "clear", "whether", "the", "treatment", "should", "be", "started", "with", "a", "high", "or", "a", "low", "dose", "of", "the", "inhaled", "steroid", ".", "We", "have", "compared", "the", "effects", "of", "high", "and", "low", "dose", "inhaled", "steroid", ",", "budesonide", ",", "in", "patients", "with", "newly", "detected", "asthma", ".", "We", "studied", "101", "adult", "patients", "with", "newly", "detected", "bronchial", "asthma", "who", "were", "without", "inhaled", "steroid", "or", "any", "regular", "pharmacological", "treatment", "for", "their", "asthma", ".", "The", "patients", "were", "randomly", "allocated", "to", "two", "treatment", "groups", ":", "one", "to", "receive", "800", "microg", "inhaled", "budesonide", "per", "day", "and", "the", "other", "to", "receive", "200", "microg", "inhaled", "budesonide", "per", "day", ".", "The", "drugs", "were", "given", "with", "a", "Turbuhaler", "dry", "powder", "inhaler", ".", "During", "the", "3-month", "treatment", "period", ",", "no", "significant", "differences", "between", "the", "treatment", "groups", "were", "noted", "in", "morning", "or", "evening", "PEF", "values", ",", "in", "spirometric", "parameters", ",", "in", "asthmatic", "symptoms", "or", "in", "the", "use", "of", "rescue", "beta2-agonists", ".", "The", "decrease", "in", "bronchial", "hyperresponsiveness", "was", ",", "however", ",", "more", "marked", "in", "the", "high", "dose", "budesonide", "group", ",", "reaching", "a", "borderline", "significance", "(", "P=0.10", "high", "vs", ".", "low", "dose", "budesonide", ")", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "in", "serum", "markers", "of", "asthmatic", "inflammation", "significant", "differences", "were", "shown", "between", "the", "treatment", "groups", ".", "The", "decrease", "in", "the", "number", "of", "blood", "eosinophils", "during", "the", "treatment", "was", "more", "marked", "in", "the", "high", "dose", "budesonide", "group", "(", "P=0.02", ";", "high", "vs", ".", "low", "dose", "budesonide", ")", ".", "In", "serum", "ECP", "no", "change", "was", "observed", "in", "the", "low", "dose", "budesonide", "group", ",", "but", "a", "marked", "decrease", "in", "the", "high", "-", "dose", "budesonide", "group", "(", "P=0.008", ";", "high", "vs", ".", "low", "dose", "budesonide", ")", ".", "The", "change", "was", "even", "more", "marked", "with", "regard", "to", "serum", "EPX", "(", "P=0.005", ";", "high", "vs", ".", "low", "dose", "budesonide", ")", ".", "Our", "results", "support", "the", "view", "that", "the", "treatment", "of", "newly", "detected", "asthma", "should", "be", "started", "with", "a", "high", "dose", "of", "inhaled", "steroid", ".", "The", "low", "dose", "may", "not", "be", "enough", "to", "suppress", "asthmatic", "inflammation", "despite", "good", "clinical", "primary", "response", "." ]

[ "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Condition", "Participant_Sample-size", "Outcome_Other" ]

inhaled steroid , budesonide is a Intervention_Pharmacological, asthma is a Participant_Condition, inhaled steroids is a Intervention_Pharmacological, high and low dose inhaled steroid is a Intervention_Pharmacological, 101 adult patients is a Participant_Sample-size, bronchial asthma is a Participant_Condition, pharmacological treatment is a Participant_Condition, 800 microg inhaled budesonide is a Intervention_Pharmacological, 200 microg inhaled budesonide is a Intervention_Pharmacological, Turbuhaler dry powder inhaler is a Intervention_Pharmacological, morning or evening PEF values is a Outcome_Physical, decrease in bronchial hyperresponsiveness is a Outcome_Physical, more marked is a Outcome_Other, serum markers of asthmatic inflammation is a Outcome_Physical, decrease in the number of blood eosinophils is a Outcome_Physical, serum ECP is a Outcome_Physical, regard to serum EPX is a Outcome_Physical

3944_task1

Sentence: Comparison of high and low dose of the inhaled steroid , budesonide , as an initial treatment in newly detected asthma . The importance of early initiation of inhaled steroids even in mild asthma has been documented in several studies . It is not , however , clear whether the treatment should be started with a high or a low dose of the inhaled steroid . We have compared the effects of high and low dose inhaled steroid , budesonide , in patients with newly detected asthma . We studied 101 adult patients with newly detected bronchial asthma who were without inhaled steroid or any regular pharmacological treatment for their asthma . The patients were randomly allocated to two treatment groups : one to receive 800 microg inhaled budesonide per day and the other to receive 200 microg inhaled budesonide per day . The drugs were given with a Turbuhaler dry powder inhaler . During the 3-month treatment period , no significant differences between the treatment groups were noted in morning or evening PEF values , in spirometric parameters , in asthmatic symptoms or in the use of rescue beta2-agonists . The decrease in bronchial hyperresponsiveness was , however , more marked in the high dose budesonide group , reaching a borderline significance ( P=0.10 high vs. low dose budesonide ) . In addition , in serum markers of asthmatic inflammation significant differences were shown between the treatment groups . The decrease in the number of blood eosinophils during the treatment was more marked in the high dose budesonide group ( P=0.02 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . In serum ECP no change was observed in the low dose budesonide group , but a marked decrease in the high-dose budesonide group ( P=0.008 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . The change was even more marked with regard to serum EPX ( P=0.005 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . Our results support the view that the treatment of newly detected asthma should be started with a high dose of inhaled steroid . The low dose may not be enough to suppress asthmatic inflammation despite good clinical primary response . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: inhaled steroid , budesonide, asthma, inhaled steroids, high and low dose inhaled steroid, 101 adult patients, bronchial asthma, pharmacological treatment, 800 microg inhaled budesonide, 200 microg inhaled budesonide, Turbuhaler dry powder inhaler, morning or evening PEF values, decrease in bronchial hyperresponsiveness, more marked, serum markers of asthmatic inflammation, decrease in the number of blood eosinophils, serum ECP, regard to serum EPX Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size, Outcome_Other

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Comparison of high and low dose of the inhaled steroid , budesonide , as an initial treatment in newly detected asthma . The importance of early initiation of inhaled steroids even in mild asthma has been documented in several studies . It is not , however , clear whether the treatment should be started with a high or a low dose of the inhaled steroid . We have compared the effects of high and low dose inhaled steroid , budesonide , in patients with newly detected asthma . We studied 101 adult patients with newly detected bronchial asthma who were without inhaled steroid or any regular pharmacological treatment for their asthma . The patients were randomly allocated to two treatment groups : one to receive 800 microg inhaled budesonide per day and the other to receive 200 microg inhaled budesonide per day . The drugs were given with a Turbuhaler dry powder inhaler . During the 3-month treatment period , no significant differences between the treatment groups were noted in morning or evening PEF values , in spirometric parameters , in asthmatic symptoms or in the use of rescue beta2-agonists . The decrease in bronchial hyperresponsiveness was , however , more marked in the high dose budesonide group , reaching a borderline significance ( P=0.10 high vs. low dose budesonide ) . In addition , in serum markers of asthmatic inflammation significant differences were shown between the treatment groups . The decrease in the number of blood eosinophils during the treatment was more marked in the high dose budesonide group ( P=0.02 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . In serum ECP no change was observed in the low dose budesonide group , but a marked decrease in the high-dose budesonide group ( P=0.008 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . The change was even more marked with regard to serum EPX ( P=0.005 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . Our results support the view that the treatment of newly detected asthma should be started with a high dose of inhaled steroid . The low dose may not be enough to suppress asthmatic inflammation despite good clinical primary response .

[ "Comparison", "of", "high", "and", "low", "dose", "of", "the", "inhaled", "steroid", ",", "budesonide", ",", "as", "an", "initial", "treatment", "in", "newly", "detected", "asthma", ".", "The", "importance", "of", "early", "initiation", "of", "inhaled", "steroids", "even", "in", "mild", "asthma", "has", "been", "documented", "in", "several", "studies", ".", "It", "is", "not", ",", "however", ",", "clear", "whether", "the", "treatment", "should", "be", "started", "with", "a", "high", "or", "a", "low", "dose", "of", "the", "inhaled", "steroid", ".", "We", "have", "compared", "the", "effects", "of", "high", "and", "low", "dose", "inhaled", "steroid", ",", "budesonide", ",", "in", "patients", "with", "newly", "detected", "asthma", ".", "We", "studied", "101", "adult", "patients", "with", "newly", "detected", "bronchial", "asthma", "who", "were", "without", "inhaled", "steroid", "or", "any", "regular", "pharmacological", "treatment", "for", "their", "asthma", ".", "The", "patients", "were", "randomly", "allocated", "to", "two", "treatment", "groups", ":", "one", "to", "receive", "800", "microg", "inhaled", "budesonide", "per", "day", "and", "the", "other", "to", "receive", "200", "microg", "inhaled", "budesonide", "per", "day", ".", "The", "drugs", "were", "given", "with", "a", "Turbuhaler", "dry", "powder", "inhaler", ".", "During", "the", "3-month", "treatment", "period", ",", "no", "significant", "differences", "between", "the", "treatment", "groups", "were", "noted", "in", "morning", "or", "evening", "PEF", "values", ",", "in", "spirometric", "parameters", ",", "in", "asthmatic", "symptoms", "or", "in", "the", "use", "of", "rescue", "beta2-agonists", ".", "The", "decrease", "in", "bronchial", "hyperresponsiveness", "was", ",", "however", ",", "more", "marked", "in", "the", "high", "dose", "budesonide", "group", ",", "reaching", "a", "borderline", "significance", "(", "P=0.10", "high", "vs", ".", "low", "dose", "budesonide", ")", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "in", "serum", "markers", "of", "asthmatic", "inflammation", "significant", "differences", "were", "shown", "between", "the", "treatment", "groups", ".", "The", "decrease", "in", "the", "number", "of", "blood", "eosinophils", "during", "the", "treatment", "was", "more", "marked", "in", "the", "high", "dose", "budesonide", "group", "(", "P=0.02", ";", "high", "vs", ".", "low", "dose", "budesonide", ")", ".", "In", "serum", "ECP", "no", "change", "was", "observed", "in", "the", "low", "dose", "budesonide", "group", ",", "but", "a", "marked", "decrease", "in", "the", "high", "-", "dose", "budesonide", "group", "(", "P=0.008", ";", "high", "vs", ".", "low", "dose", "budesonide", ")", ".", "The", "change", "was", "even", "more", "marked", "with", "regard", "to", "serum", "EPX", "(", "P=0.005", ";", "high", "vs", ".", "low", "dose", "budesonide", ")", ".", "Our", "results", "support", "the", "view", "that", "the", "treatment", "of", "newly", "detected", "asthma", "should", "be", "started", "with", "a", "high", "dose", "of", "inhaled", "steroid", ".", "The", "low", "dose", "may", "not", "be", "enough", "to", "suppress", "asthmatic", "inflammation", "despite", "good", "clinical", "primary", "response", "." ]

[ "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Condition", "Participant_Sample-size", "Outcome_Other" ]

inhaled steroid , budesonide, asthma, inhaled steroids, high and low dose inhaled steroid, 101 adult patients, bronchial asthma, pharmacological treatment, 800 microg inhaled budesonide, 200 microg inhaled budesonide, Turbuhaler dry powder inhaler, morning or evening PEF values, decrease in bronchial hyperresponsiveness, more marked, serum markers of asthmatic inflammation, decrease in the number of blood eosinophils, serum ECP, regard to serum EPX

3944_task2

Sentence: Comparison of high and low dose of the inhaled steroid , budesonide , as an initial treatment in newly detected asthma . The importance of early initiation of inhaled steroids even in mild asthma has been documented in several studies . It is not , however , clear whether the treatment should be started with a high or a low dose of the inhaled steroid . We have compared the effects of high and low dose inhaled steroid , budesonide , in patients with newly detected asthma . We studied 101 adult patients with newly detected bronchial asthma who were without inhaled steroid or any regular pharmacological treatment for their asthma . The patients were randomly allocated to two treatment groups : one to receive 800 microg inhaled budesonide per day and the other to receive 200 microg inhaled budesonide per day . The drugs were given with a Turbuhaler dry powder inhaler . During the 3-month treatment period , no significant differences between the treatment groups were noted in morning or evening PEF values , in spirometric parameters , in asthmatic symptoms or in the use of rescue beta2-agonists . The decrease in bronchial hyperresponsiveness was , however , more marked in the high dose budesonide group , reaching a borderline significance ( P=0.10 high vs. low dose budesonide ) . In addition , in serum markers of asthmatic inflammation significant differences were shown between the treatment groups . The decrease in the number of blood eosinophils during the treatment was more marked in the high dose budesonide group ( P=0.02 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . In serum ECP no change was observed in the low dose budesonide group , but a marked decrease in the high-dose budesonide group ( P=0.008 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . The change was even more marked with regard to serum EPX ( P=0.005 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . Our results support the view that the treatment of newly detected asthma should be started with a high dose of inhaled steroid . The low dose may not be enough to suppress asthmatic inflammation despite good clinical primary response . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Comparison of high and low dose of the inhaled steroid , budesonide , as an initial treatment in newly detected asthma . The importance of early initiation of inhaled steroids even in mild asthma has been documented in several studies . It is not , however , clear whether the treatment should be started with a high or a low dose of the inhaled steroid . We have compared the effects of high and low dose inhaled steroid , budesonide , in patients with newly detected asthma . We studied 101 adult patients with newly detected bronchial asthma who were without inhaled steroid or any regular pharmacological treatment for their asthma . The patients were randomly allocated to two treatment groups : one to receive 800 microg inhaled budesonide per day and the other to receive 200 microg inhaled budesonide per day . The drugs were given with a Turbuhaler dry powder inhaler . During the 3-month treatment period , no significant differences between the treatment groups were noted in morning or evening PEF values , in spirometric parameters , in asthmatic symptoms or in the use of rescue beta2-agonists . The decrease in bronchial hyperresponsiveness was , however , more marked in the high dose budesonide group , reaching a borderline significance ( P=0.10 high vs. low dose budesonide ) . In addition , in serum markers of asthmatic inflammation significant differences were shown between the treatment groups . The decrease in the number of blood eosinophils during the treatment was more marked in the high dose budesonide group ( P=0.02 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . In serum ECP no change was observed in the low dose budesonide group , but a marked decrease in the high-dose budesonide group ( P=0.008 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . The change was even more marked with regard to serum EPX ( P=0.005 ; high vs. low dose budesonide ) . Our results support the view that the treatment of newly detected asthma should be started with a high dose of inhaled steroid . The low dose may not be enough to suppress asthmatic inflammation despite good clinical primary response .

[ "Comparison", "of", "high", "and", "low", "dose", "of", "the", "inhaled", "steroid", ",", "budesonide", ",", "as", "an", "initial", "treatment", "in", "newly", "detected", "asthma", ".", "The", "importance", "of", "early", "initiation", "of", "inhaled", "steroids", "even", "in", "mild", "asthma", "has", "been", "documented", "in", "several", "studies", ".", "It", "is", "not", ",", "however", ",", "clear", "whether", "the", "treatment", "should", "be", "started", "with", "a", "high", "or", "a", "low", "dose", "of", "the", "inhaled", "steroid", ".", "We", "have", "compared", "the", "effects", "of", "high", "and", "low", "dose", "inhaled", "steroid", ",", "budesonide", ",", "in", "patients", "with", "newly", "detected", "asthma", ".", "We", "studied", "101", "adult", "patients", "with", "newly", "detected", "bronchial", "asthma", "who", "were", "without", "inhaled", "steroid", "or", "any", "regular", "pharmacological", "treatment", "for", "their", "asthma", ".", "The", "patients", "were", "randomly", "allocated", "to", "two", "treatment", "groups", ":", "one", "to", "receive", "800", "microg", "inhaled", "budesonide", "per", "day", "and", "the", "other", "to", "receive", "200", "microg", "inhaled", "budesonide", "per", "day", ".", "The", "drugs", "were", "given", "with", "a", "Turbuhaler", "dry", "powder", "inhaler", ".", "During", "the", "3-month", "treatment", "period", ",", "no", "significant", "differences", "between", "the", "treatment", "groups", "were", "noted", "in", "morning", "or", "evening", "PEF", "values", ",", "in", "spirometric", "parameters", ",", "in", "asthmatic", "symptoms", "or", "in", "the", "use", "of", "rescue", "beta2-agonists", ".", "The", "decrease", "in", "bronchial", "hyperresponsiveness", "was", ",", "however", ",", "more", "marked", "in", "the", "high", "dose", "budesonide", "group", ",", "reaching", "a", "borderline", "significance", "(", "P=0.10", "high", "vs", ".", "low", "dose", "budesonide", ")", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "in", "serum", "markers", "of", "asthmatic", "inflammation", "significant", "differences", "were", "shown", "between", "the", "treatment", "groups", ".", "The", "decrease", "in", "the", "number", "of", "blood", "eosinophils", "during", "the", "treatment", "was", "more", "marked", "in", "the", "high", "dose", "budesonide", "group", "(", "P=0.02", ";", "high", "vs", ".", "low", "dose", "budesonide", ")", ".", "In", "serum", "ECP", "no", "change", "was", "observed", "in", "the", "low", "dose", "budesonide", "group", ",", "but", "a", "marked", "decrease", "in", "the", "high", "-", "dose", "budesonide", "group", "(", "P=0.008", ";", "high", "vs", ".", "low", "dose", "budesonide", ")", ".", "The", "change", "was", "even", "more", "marked", "with", "regard", "to", "serum", "EPX", "(", "P=0.005", ";", "high", "vs", ".", "low", "dose", "budesonide", ")", ".", "Our", "results", "support", "the", "view", "that", "the", "treatment", "of", "newly", "detected", "asthma", "should", "be", "started", "with", "a", "high", "dose", "of", "inhaled", "steroid", ".", "The", "low", "dose", "may", "not", "be", "enough", "to", "suppress", "asthmatic", "inflammation", "despite", "good", "clinical", "primary", "response", "." ]

[ "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Condition", "Participant_Sample-size", "Outcome_Other" ]

colorectal cancer is a DISEASE, colorectal is a DISEASE, CRC is a DISEASE, CRC is a DISEASE, CRC is a DISEASE, CRC is a DISEASE, CRC is a DISEASE

example-367_task0

Sentence: Disparities in the use of chemotherapy and monoclonal antibody therapy for elderly advanced colorectal cancer patients in the community oncology setting. BACKGROUND: The clinical trials on which the treatment of advanced colorectal (CRC) is based enroll few elderly patients. Furthermore, few investigations have determined the use and outcomes of the treatment of advanced CRC in practice. This study evaluated the treatment of advanced CRC in community oncology practices, focusing on age-related differences in treatment and outcome. METHODS: A national, retrospective chart review was conducted to evaluate the management of advanced CRC in 10 community practices across the U.S. All medical records of patients diagnosed with advanced CRC initiating chemotherapy treatment after January 1, 2003 through 2006 were included. The primary aim was to compare the proportion receiving doublet chemotherapy (irinotecan or oxaliplatin with a fluoropyrimidine) as initial therapy in young (age <or=65 years) and elderly (age >65 years) patients. Additional aims included age-based comparisons of the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy, overall chemotherapy use, all-cause mortality, and toxicity-related events. RESULTS: Overall, 520 patients (56% elderly) received 6,253 cycles of chemotherapy. Of the younger patients, 84% received doublet chemotherapy first-line, compared with 58% of elderly patients (p < .001). The use of each of the medications--irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab--was lower in elderly patients (p < .001). Independent predictors of a higher risk for mortality were age >65 (adjusted hazards ratio [HR],1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.39) and performance status score >or=2 (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.41-1.91). CONCLUSION: Elderly patients are less likely to receive first-line doublet chemotherapy than younger patients. Age and performance status are independent predictors of treatment and overall survival. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: DISEASE

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "I-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Disparities in the use of chemotherapy and monoclonal antibody therapy for elderly advanced colorectal cancer patients in the community oncology setting. BACKGROUND: The clinical trials on which the treatment of advanced colorectal (CRC) is based enroll few elderly patients. Furthermore, few investigations have determined the use and outcomes of the treatment of advanced CRC in practice. This study evaluated the treatment of advanced CRC in community oncology practices, focusing on age-related differences in treatment and outcome. METHODS: A national, retrospective chart review was conducted to evaluate the management of advanced CRC in 10 community practices across the U.S. All medical records of patients diagnosed with advanced CRC initiating chemotherapy treatment after January 1, 2003 through 2006 were included. The primary aim was to compare the proportion receiving doublet chemotherapy (irinotecan or oxaliplatin with a fluoropyrimidine) as initial therapy in young (age <or=65 years) and elderly (age >65 years) patients. Additional aims included age-based comparisons of the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy, overall chemotherapy use, all-cause mortality, and toxicity-related events. RESULTS: Overall, 520 patients (56% elderly) received 6,253 cycles of chemotherapy. Of the younger patients, 84% received doublet chemotherapy first-line, compared with 58% of elderly patients (p < .001). The use of each of the medications--irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab--was lower in elderly patients (p < .001). Independent predictors of a higher risk for mortality were age >65 (adjusted hazards ratio [HR],1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.39) and performance status score >or=2 (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.41-1.91). CONCLUSION: Elderly patients are less likely to receive first-line doublet chemotherapy than younger patients. Age and performance status are independent predictors of treatment and overall survival.

[ "Disparities", "in", "the", "use", "of", "chemotherapy", "and", "monoclonal", "antibody", "therapy", "for", "elderly", "advanced", "colorectal", "cancer", "patients", "in", "the", "community", "oncology", "setting", ".", " ", "BACKGROUND", ":", "The", "clinical", "trials", "on", "which", "the", "treatment", "of", "advanced", "colorectal", "(", "CRC", ")", "is", "based", "enroll", "few", "elderly", "patients", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "few", "investigations", "have", "determined", "the", "use", "and", "outcomes", "of", "the", "treatment", "of", "advanced", "CRC", "in", "practice", ".", "This", "study", "evaluated", "the", "treatment", "of", "advanced", "CRC", "in", "community", "oncology", "practices", ",", "focusing", "on", "age", "-", "related", "differences", "in", "treatment", "and", "outcome", ".", "METHODS", ":", "A", "national", ",", "retrospective", "chart", "review", "was", "conducted", "to", "evaluate", "the", "management", "of", "advanced", "CRC", "in", "10", "community", "practices", "across", "the", "U.S.", "All", "medical", "records", "of", "patients", "diagnosed", "with", "advanced", "CRC", "initiating", "chemotherapy", "treatment", "after", "January", "1", ",", "2003", "through", "2006", "were", "included", ".", "The", "primary", "aim", "was", "to", "compare", "the", "proportion", "receiving", "doublet", "chemotherapy", "(", "irinotecan", "or", "oxaliplatin", "with", "a", "fluoropyrimidine", ")", "as", "initial", "therapy", "in", "young", "(", "age", "<", "or=65", "years", ")", "and", "elderly", "(", "age", ">", "65", "years", ")", "patients", ".", "Additional", "aims", "included", "age", "-", "based", "comparisons", "of", "the", "addition", "of", "bevacizumab", "to", "chemotherapy", ",", "overall", "chemotherapy", "use", ",", "all", "-", "cause", "mortality", ",", "and", "toxicity", "-", "related", "events", ".", "RESULTS", ":", "Overall", ",", "520", "patients", "(", "56", "%", "elderly", ")", "received", "6,253", "cycles", "of", "chemotherapy", ".", "Of", "the", "younger", "patients", ",", "84", "%", "received", "doublet", "chemotherapy", "first", "-", "line", ",", "compared", "with", "58", "%", "of", "elderly", "patients", "(", "p", "<", ".001", ")", ".", "The", "use", "of", "each", "of", "the", "medications", "--", "irinotecan", ",", "oxaliplatin", ",", "and", "bevacizumab", "--", "was", "lower", "in", "elderly", "patients", "(", "p", "<", ".001", ")", ".", "Independent", "predictors", "of", "a", "higher", "risk", "for", "mortality", "were", "age", ">", "65", "(", "adjusted", "hazards", "ratio", "[", "HR],1.19", ";", "95", "%", "confidence", "interval", "[", "CI", "]", ",", "1.02", "-", "1.39", ")", "and", "performance", "status", "score", ">", "or=2", "(", "HR", ",", "1.65", ";", "95", "%", "CI", ",", "1.41", "-", "1.91", ")", ".", "CONCLUSION", ":", "Elderly", "patients", "are", "less", "likely", "to", "receive", "first", "-", "line", "doublet", "chemotherapy", "than", "younger", "patients", ".", "Age", "and", "performance", "status", "are", "independent", "predictors", "of", "treatment", "and", "overall", "survival", "." ]

[ "DISEASE" ]

colorectal cancer is a DISEASE, colorectal is a DISEASE, CRC is a DISEASE, CRC is a DISEASE, CRC is a DISEASE, CRC is a DISEASE, CRC is a DISEASE

example-367_task1

Sentence: Disparities in the use of chemotherapy and monoclonal antibody therapy for elderly advanced colorectal cancer patients in the community oncology setting. BACKGROUND: The clinical trials on which the treatment of advanced colorectal (CRC) is based enroll few elderly patients. Furthermore, few investigations have determined the use and outcomes of the treatment of advanced CRC in practice. This study evaluated the treatment of advanced CRC in community oncology practices, focusing on age-related differences in treatment and outcome. METHODS: A national, retrospective chart review was conducted to evaluate the management of advanced CRC in 10 community practices across the U.S. All medical records of patients diagnosed with advanced CRC initiating chemotherapy treatment after January 1, 2003 through 2006 were included. The primary aim was to compare the proportion receiving doublet chemotherapy (irinotecan or oxaliplatin with a fluoropyrimidine) as initial therapy in young (age <or=65 years) and elderly (age >65 years) patients. Additional aims included age-based comparisons of the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy, overall chemotherapy use, all-cause mortality, and toxicity-related events. RESULTS: Overall, 520 patients (56% elderly) received 6,253 cycles of chemotherapy. Of the younger patients, 84% received doublet chemotherapy first-line, compared with 58% of elderly patients (p < .001). The use of each of the medications--irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab--was lower in elderly patients (p < .001). Independent predictors of a higher risk for mortality were age >65 (adjusted hazards ratio [HR],1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.39) and performance status score >or=2 (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.41-1.91). CONCLUSION: Elderly patients are less likely to receive first-line doublet chemotherapy than younger patients. Age and performance status are independent predictors of treatment and overall survival. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: colorectal cancer, colorectal, CRC, CRC, CRC, CRC, CRC Options: DISEASE

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "I-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Disparities in the use of chemotherapy and monoclonal antibody therapy for elderly advanced colorectal cancer patients in the community oncology setting. BACKGROUND: The clinical trials on which the treatment of advanced colorectal (CRC) is based enroll few elderly patients. Furthermore, few investigations have determined the use and outcomes of the treatment of advanced CRC in practice. This study evaluated the treatment of advanced CRC in community oncology practices, focusing on age-related differences in treatment and outcome. METHODS: A national, retrospective chart review was conducted to evaluate the management of advanced CRC in 10 community practices across the U.S. All medical records of patients diagnosed with advanced CRC initiating chemotherapy treatment after January 1, 2003 through 2006 were included. The primary aim was to compare the proportion receiving doublet chemotherapy (irinotecan or oxaliplatin with a fluoropyrimidine) as initial therapy in young (age <or=65 years) and elderly (age >65 years) patients. Additional aims included age-based comparisons of the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy, overall chemotherapy use, all-cause mortality, and toxicity-related events. RESULTS: Overall, 520 patients (56% elderly) received 6,253 cycles of chemotherapy. Of the younger patients, 84% received doublet chemotherapy first-line, compared with 58% of elderly patients (p < .001). The use of each of the medications--irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab--was lower in elderly patients (p < .001). Independent predictors of a higher risk for mortality were age >65 (adjusted hazards ratio [HR],1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.39) and performance status score >or=2 (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.41-1.91). CONCLUSION: Elderly patients are less likely to receive first-line doublet chemotherapy than younger patients. Age and performance status are independent predictors of treatment and overall survival.

[ "Disparities", "in", "the", "use", "of", "chemotherapy", "and", "monoclonal", "antibody", "therapy", "for", "elderly", "advanced", "colorectal", "cancer", "patients", "in", "the", "community", "oncology", "setting", ".", " ", "BACKGROUND", ":", "The", "clinical", "trials", "on", "which", "the", "treatment", "of", "advanced", "colorectal", "(", "CRC", ")", "is", "based", "enroll", "few", "elderly", "patients", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "few", "investigations", "have", "determined", "the", "use", "and", "outcomes", "of", "the", "treatment", "of", "advanced", "CRC", "in", "practice", ".", "This", "study", "evaluated", "the", "treatment", "of", "advanced", "CRC", "in", "community", "oncology", "practices", ",", "focusing", "on", "age", "-", "related", "differences", "in", "treatment", "and", "outcome", ".", "METHODS", ":", "A", "national", ",", "retrospective", "chart", "review", "was", "conducted", "to", "evaluate", "the", "management", "of", "advanced", "CRC", "in", "10", "community", "practices", "across", "the", "U.S.", "All", "medical", "records", "of", "patients", "diagnosed", "with", "advanced", "CRC", "initiating", "chemotherapy", "treatment", "after", "January", "1", ",", "2003", "through", "2006", "were", "included", ".", "The", "primary", "aim", "was", "to", "compare", "the", "proportion", "receiving", "doublet", "chemotherapy", "(", "irinotecan", "or", "oxaliplatin", "with", "a", "fluoropyrimidine", ")", "as", "initial", "therapy", "in", "young", "(", "age", "<", "or=65", "years", ")", "and", "elderly", "(", "age", ">", "65", "years", ")", "patients", ".", "Additional", "aims", "included", "age", "-", "based", "comparisons", "of", "the", "addition", "of", "bevacizumab", "to", "chemotherapy", ",", "overall", "chemotherapy", "use", ",", "all", "-", "cause", "mortality", ",", "and", "toxicity", "-", "related", "events", ".", "RESULTS", ":", "Overall", ",", "520", "patients", "(", "56", "%", "elderly", ")", "received", "6,253", "cycles", "of", "chemotherapy", ".", "Of", "the", "younger", "patients", ",", "84", "%", "received", "doublet", "chemotherapy", "first", "-", "line", ",", "compared", "with", "58", "%", "of", "elderly", "patients", "(", "p", "<", ".001", ")", ".", "The", "use", "of", "each", "of", "the", "medications", "--", "irinotecan", ",", "oxaliplatin", ",", "and", "bevacizumab", "--", "was", "lower", "in", "elderly", "patients", "(", "p", "<", ".001", ")", ".", "Independent", "predictors", "of", "a", "higher", "risk", "for", "mortality", "were", "age", ">", "65", "(", "adjusted", "hazards", "ratio", "[", "HR],1.19", ";", "95", "%", "confidence", "interval", "[", "CI", "]", ",", "1.02", "-", "1.39", ")", "and", "performance", "status", "score", ">", "or=2", "(", "HR", ",", "1.65", ";", "95", "%", "CI", ",", "1.41", "-", "1.91", ")", ".", "CONCLUSION", ":", "Elderly", "patients", "are", "less", "likely", "to", "receive", "first", "-", "line", "doublet", "chemotherapy", "than", "younger", "patients", ".", "Age", "and", "performance", "status", "are", "independent", "predictors", "of", "treatment", "and", "overall", "survival", "." ]

[ "DISEASE" ]

colorectal cancer, colorectal, CRC, CRC, CRC, CRC, CRC

example-367_task2

Sentence: Disparities in the use of chemotherapy and monoclonal antibody therapy for elderly advanced colorectal cancer patients in the community oncology setting. BACKGROUND: The clinical trials on which the treatment of advanced colorectal (CRC) is based enroll few elderly patients. Furthermore, few investigations have determined the use and outcomes of the treatment of advanced CRC in practice. This study evaluated the treatment of advanced CRC in community oncology practices, focusing on age-related differences in treatment and outcome. METHODS: A national, retrospective chart review was conducted to evaluate the management of advanced CRC in 10 community practices across the U.S. All medical records of patients diagnosed with advanced CRC initiating chemotherapy treatment after January 1, 2003 through 2006 were included. The primary aim was to compare the proportion receiving doublet chemotherapy (irinotecan or oxaliplatin with a fluoropyrimidine) as initial therapy in young (age <or=65 years) and elderly (age >65 years) patients. Additional aims included age-based comparisons of the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy, overall chemotherapy use, all-cause mortality, and toxicity-related events. RESULTS: Overall, 520 patients (56% elderly) received 6,253 cycles of chemotherapy. Of the younger patients, 84% received doublet chemotherapy first-line, compared with 58% of elderly patients (p < .001). The use of each of the medications--irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab--was lower in elderly patients (p < .001). Independent predictors of a higher risk for mortality were age >65 (adjusted hazards ratio [HR],1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.39) and performance status score >or=2 (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.41-1.91). CONCLUSION: Elderly patients are less likely to receive first-line doublet chemotherapy than younger patients. Age and performance status are independent predictors of treatment and overall survival. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "I-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DISEASE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Disparities in the use of chemotherapy and monoclonal antibody therapy for elderly advanced colorectal cancer patients in the community oncology setting. BACKGROUND: The clinical trials on which the treatment of advanced colorectal (CRC) is based enroll few elderly patients. Furthermore, few investigations have determined the use and outcomes of the treatment of advanced CRC in practice. This study evaluated the treatment of advanced CRC in community oncology practices, focusing on age-related differences in treatment and outcome. METHODS: A national, retrospective chart review was conducted to evaluate the management of advanced CRC in 10 community practices across the U.S. All medical records of patients diagnosed with advanced CRC initiating chemotherapy treatment after January 1, 2003 through 2006 were included. The primary aim was to compare the proportion receiving doublet chemotherapy (irinotecan or oxaliplatin with a fluoropyrimidine) as initial therapy in young (age <or=65 years) and elderly (age >65 years) patients. Additional aims included age-based comparisons of the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy, overall chemotherapy use, all-cause mortality, and toxicity-related events. RESULTS: Overall, 520 patients (56% elderly) received 6,253 cycles of chemotherapy. Of the younger patients, 84% received doublet chemotherapy first-line, compared with 58% of elderly patients (p < .001). The use of each of the medications--irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab--was lower in elderly patients (p < .001). Independent predictors of a higher risk for mortality were age >65 (adjusted hazards ratio [HR],1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.39) and performance status score >or=2 (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.41-1.91). CONCLUSION: Elderly patients are less likely to receive first-line doublet chemotherapy than younger patients. Age and performance status are independent predictors of treatment and overall survival.

[ "Disparities", "in", "the", "use", "of", "chemotherapy", "and", "monoclonal", "antibody", "therapy", "for", "elderly", "advanced", "colorectal", "cancer", "patients", "in", "the", "community", "oncology", "setting", ".", " ", "BACKGROUND", ":", "The", "clinical", "trials", "on", "which", "the", "treatment", "of", "advanced", "colorectal", "(", "CRC", ")", "is", "based", "enroll", "few", "elderly", "patients", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "few", "investigations", "have", "determined", "the", "use", "and", "outcomes", "of", "the", "treatment", "of", "advanced", "CRC", "in", "practice", ".", "This", "study", "evaluated", "the", "treatment", "of", "advanced", "CRC", "in", "community", "oncology", "practices", ",", "focusing", "on", "age", "-", "related", "differences", "in", "treatment", "and", "outcome", ".", "METHODS", ":", "A", "national", ",", "retrospective", "chart", "review", "was", "conducted", "to", "evaluate", "the", "management", "of", "advanced", "CRC", "in", "10", "community", "practices", "across", "the", "U.S.", "All", "medical", "records", "of", "patients", "diagnosed", "with", "advanced", "CRC", "initiating", "chemotherapy", "treatment", "after", "January", "1", ",", "2003", "through", "2006", "were", "included", ".", "The", "primary", "aim", "was", "to", "compare", "the", "proportion", "receiving", "doublet", "chemotherapy", "(", "irinotecan", "or", "oxaliplatin", "with", "a", "fluoropyrimidine", ")", "as", "initial", "therapy", "in", "young", "(", "age", "<", "or=65", "years", ")", "and", "elderly", "(", "age", ">", "65", "years", ")", "patients", ".", "Additional", "aims", "included", "age", "-", "based", "comparisons", "of", "the", "addition", "of", "bevacizumab", "to", "chemotherapy", ",", "overall", "chemotherapy", "use", ",", "all", "-", "cause", "mortality", ",", "and", "toxicity", "-", "related", "events", ".", "RESULTS", ":", "Overall", ",", "520", "patients", "(", "56", "%", "elderly", ")", "received", "6,253", "cycles", "of", "chemotherapy", ".", "Of", "the", "younger", "patients", ",", "84", "%", "received", "doublet", "chemotherapy", "first", "-", "line", ",", "compared", "with", "58", "%", "of", "elderly", "patients", "(", "p", "<", ".001", ")", ".", "The", "use", "of", "each", "of", "the", "medications", "--", "irinotecan", ",", "oxaliplatin", ",", "and", "bevacizumab", "--", "was", "lower", "in", "elderly", "patients", "(", "p", "<", ".001", ")", ".", "Independent", "predictors", "of", "a", "higher", "risk", "for", "mortality", "were", "age", ">", "65", "(", "adjusted", "hazards", "ratio", "[", "HR],1.19", ";", "95", "%", "confidence", "interval", "[", "CI", "]", ",", "1.02", "-", "1.39", ")", "and", "performance", "status", "score", ">", "or=2", "(", "HR", ",", "1.65", ";", "95", "%", "CI", ",", "1.41", "-", "1.91", ")", ".", "CONCLUSION", ":", "Elderly", "patients", "are", "less", "likely", "to", "receive", "first", "-", "line", "doublet", "chemotherapy", "than", "younger", "patients", ".", "Age", "and", "performance", "status", "are", "independent", "predictors", "of", "treatment", "and", "overall", "survival", "." ]

[ "DISEASE" ]

CTLA4 is a gene

96_task0

Sentence: Evidence for CTLA4 as a susceptibility gene for systemic lupus erythematosus. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: gene

[ "O", "O", "O", "B-gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Evidence for CTLA4 as a susceptibility gene for systemic lupus erythematosus.

[ "Evidence", "for", " ", "CTLA4", " ", "as", "a", "susceptibility", "gene", "for", "systemic", "lupus", "erythematosus", "." ]

[ "variant", "gene" ]

CTLA4 is a gene

96_task1

Sentence: Evidence for CTLA4 as a susceptibility gene for systemic lupus erythematosus. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: CTLA4 Options: gene

[ "O", "O", "O", "B-gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Evidence for CTLA4 as a susceptibility gene for systemic lupus erythematosus.

[ "Evidence", "for", " ", "CTLA4", " ", "as", "a", "susceptibility", "gene", "for", "systemic", "lupus", "erythematosus", "." ]

[ "variant", "gene" ]

CTLA4

96_task2

Sentence: Evidence for CTLA4 as a susceptibility gene for systemic lupus erythematosus. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "B-gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Evidence for CTLA4 as a susceptibility gene for systemic lupus erythematosus.

[ "Evidence", "for", " ", "CTLA4", " ", "as", "a", "susceptibility", "gene", "for", "systemic", "lupus", "erythematosus", "." ]

[ "variant", "gene" ]

natriuretic peptide is a Intervention_Pharmacological, oxidative stress is a Outcome_Physical, chronic heart failure is a Participant_Condition, chronic heart failure ( CHF ) is a Participant_Condition, 52 male is a Intervention_Educational, patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis ( PICS ) who have developed CHF have been observed is a Intervention_Physical, 38 till 60 is a Participant_Age, clinical condition is a Outcome_Physical, NO metabolites is a Outcome_Physical, NADPH -- diaphorase ( eNOS ) is a Outcome_Physical, nitrite reductase ( iNOS ) is a Outcome_Physical, peroxinitrite ( ONOO ) is a Outcome_Physical, brain natriuretic peptide in blood plazma is a Outcome_Physical, level of NT - pro BNP is a Outcome_Physical

46516_task0

Sentence: [ Assessment of natriuretic peptide indices and oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure ] . The authors have studied indices of natriuretic peptide and oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure ( CHF ) . 52 male patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis ( PICS ) who have developed CHF have been observed . The age of the patients varied from 38 till 60 . It was established that CHF patients with progression of the disease had worsening of their clinical condition together with an increase of oxidative stress which was characterized through decrease of NO metabolites , NADPH -- diaphorase ( eNOS ) , increase of nitrite reductase ( iNOS ) and peroxinitrite ( ONOO ) , correlative increase the level of brain natriuretic peptide in blood plazma . Reliable connection between considerable increase of oxidative stress and the level of NT-pro BNP was noted in CHF patients , which demands necessity of correction of observed disorders . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Intervention_Physical, Participant_Condition, Intervention_Educational, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Age

[ "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

[ Assessment of natriuretic peptide indices and oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure ] . The authors have studied indices of natriuretic peptide and oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure ( CHF ) . 52 male patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis ( PICS ) who have developed CHF have been observed . The age of the patients varied from 38 till 60 . It was established that CHF patients with progression of the disease had worsening of their clinical condition together with an increase of oxidative stress which was characterized through decrease of NO metabolites , NADPH -- diaphorase ( eNOS ) , increase of nitrite reductase ( iNOS ) and peroxinitrite ( ONOO ) , correlative increase the level of brain natriuretic peptide in blood plazma . Reliable connection between considerable increase of oxidative stress and the level of NT-pro BNP was noted in CHF patients , which demands necessity of correction of observed disorders .

[ "[", "Assessment", "of", "natriuretic", "peptide", "indices", "and", "oxidative", "stress", "in", "patients", "with", "chronic", "heart", "failure", "]", ".", "The", "authors", "have", "studied", "indices", "of", "natriuretic", "peptide", "and", "oxidative", "stress", "in", "patients", "with", "chronic", "heart", "failure", "(", "CHF", ")", ".", "52", "male", "patients", "with", "postinfarction", "cardiosclerosis", "(", "PICS", ")", "who", "have", "developed", "CHF", "have", "been", "observed", ".", "The", "age", "of", "the", "patients", "varied", "from", "38", "till", "60", ".", "It", "was", "established", "that", "CHF", "patients", "with", "progression", "of", "the", "disease", "had", "worsening", "of", "their", "clinical", "condition", "together", "with", "an", "increase", "of", "oxidative", "stress", "which", "was", "characterized", "through", "decrease", "of", "NO", "metabolites", ",", "NADPH", "--", "diaphorase", "(", "eNOS", ")", ",", "increase", "of", "nitrite", "reductase", "(", "iNOS", ")", "and", "peroxinitrite", "(", "ONOO", ")", ",", "correlative", "increase", "the", "level", "of", "brain", "natriuretic", "peptide", "in", "blood", "plazma", ".", "Reliable", "connection", "between", "considerable", "increase", "of", "oxidative", "stress", "and", "the", "level", "of", "NT", "-", "pro", "BNP", "was", "noted", "in", "CHF", "patients", ",", "which", "demands", "necessity", "of", "correction", "of", "observed", "disorders", "." ]

[ "Intervention_Physical", "Outcome_Physical", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Age", "Intervention_Educational", "Participant_Sex", "Participant_Sample-size" ]

natriuretic peptide is a Intervention_Pharmacological, oxidative stress is a Outcome_Physical, chronic heart failure is a Participant_Condition, chronic heart failure ( CHF ) is a Participant_Condition, 52 male is a Intervention_Educational, patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis ( PICS ) who have developed CHF have been observed is a Intervention_Physical, 38 till 60 is a Participant_Age, clinical condition is a Outcome_Physical, NO metabolites is a Outcome_Physical, NADPH -- diaphorase ( eNOS ) is a Outcome_Physical, nitrite reductase ( iNOS ) is a Outcome_Physical, peroxinitrite ( ONOO ) is a Outcome_Physical, brain natriuretic peptide in blood plazma is a Outcome_Physical, level of NT - pro BNP is a Outcome_Physical

46516_task1

Sentence: [ Assessment of natriuretic peptide indices and oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure ] . The authors have studied indices of natriuretic peptide and oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure ( CHF ) . 52 male patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis ( PICS ) who have developed CHF have been observed . The age of the patients varied from 38 till 60 . It was established that CHF patients with progression of the disease had worsening of their clinical condition together with an increase of oxidative stress which was characterized through decrease of NO metabolites , NADPH -- diaphorase ( eNOS ) , increase of nitrite reductase ( iNOS ) and peroxinitrite ( ONOO ) , correlative increase the level of brain natriuretic peptide in blood plazma . Reliable connection between considerable increase of oxidative stress and the level of NT-pro BNP was noted in CHF patients , which demands necessity of correction of observed disorders . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: natriuretic peptide, oxidative stress, chronic heart failure, chronic heart failure ( CHF ), 52 male, patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis ( PICS ) who have developed CHF have been observed, 38 till 60, clinical condition, NO metabolites, NADPH -- diaphorase ( eNOS ), nitrite reductase ( iNOS ), peroxinitrite ( ONOO ), brain natriuretic peptide in blood plazma, level of NT - pro BNP Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Intervention_Physical, Participant_Condition, Intervention_Educational, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Age

[ "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

[ Assessment of natriuretic peptide indices and oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure ] . The authors have studied indices of natriuretic peptide and oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure ( CHF ) . 52 male patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis ( PICS ) who have developed CHF have been observed . The age of the patients varied from 38 till 60 . It was established that CHF patients with progression of the disease had worsening of their clinical condition together with an increase of oxidative stress which was characterized through decrease of NO metabolites , NADPH -- diaphorase ( eNOS ) , increase of nitrite reductase ( iNOS ) and peroxinitrite ( ONOO ) , correlative increase the level of brain natriuretic peptide in blood plazma . Reliable connection between considerable increase of oxidative stress and the level of NT-pro BNP was noted in CHF patients , which demands necessity of correction of observed disorders .

[ "[", "Assessment", "of", "natriuretic", "peptide", "indices", "and", "oxidative", "stress", "in", "patients", "with", "chronic", "heart", "failure", "]", ".", "The", "authors", "have", "studied", "indices", "of", "natriuretic", "peptide", "and", "oxidative", "stress", "in", "patients", "with", "chronic", "heart", "failure", "(", "CHF", ")", ".", "52", "male", "patients", "with", "postinfarction", "cardiosclerosis", "(", "PICS", ")", "who", "have", "developed", "CHF", "have", "been", "observed", ".", "The", "age", "of", "the", "patients", "varied", "from", "38", "till", "60", ".", "It", "was", "established", "that", "CHF", "patients", "with", "progression", "of", "the", "disease", "had", "worsening", "of", "their", "clinical", "condition", "together", "with", "an", "increase", "of", "oxidative", "stress", "which", "was", "characterized", "through", "decrease", "of", "NO", "metabolites", ",", "NADPH", "--", "diaphorase", "(", "eNOS", ")", ",", "increase", "of", "nitrite", "reductase", "(", "iNOS", ")", "and", "peroxinitrite", "(", "ONOO", ")", ",", "correlative", "increase", "the", "level", "of", "brain", "natriuretic", "peptide", "in", "blood", "plazma", ".", "Reliable", "connection", "between", "considerable", "increase", "of", "oxidative", "stress", "and", "the", "level", "of", "NT", "-", "pro", "BNP", "was", "noted", "in", "CHF", "patients", ",", "which", "demands", "necessity", "of", "correction", "of", "observed", "disorders", "." ]

[ "Intervention_Physical", "Outcome_Physical", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Age", "Intervention_Educational", "Participant_Sex", "Participant_Sample-size" ]

natriuretic peptide, oxidative stress, chronic heart failure, chronic heart failure ( CHF ), 52 male, patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis ( PICS ) who have developed CHF have been observed, 38 till 60, clinical condition, NO metabolites, NADPH -- diaphorase ( eNOS ), nitrite reductase ( iNOS ), peroxinitrite ( ONOO ), brain natriuretic peptide in blood plazma, level of NT - pro BNP

46516_task2

Sentence: [ Assessment of natriuretic peptide indices and oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure ] . The authors have studied indices of natriuretic peptide and oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure ( CHF ) . 52 male patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis ( PICS ) who have developed CHF have been observed . The age of the patients varied from 38 till 60 . It was established that CHF patients with progression of the disease had worsening of their clinical condition together with an increase of oxidative stress which was characterized through decrease of NO metabolites , NADPH -- diaphorase ( eNOS ) , increase of nitrite reductase ( iNOS ) and peroxinitrite ( ONOO ) , correlative increase the level of brain natriuretic peptide in blood plazma . Reliable connection between considerable increase of oxidative stress and the level of NT-pro BNP was noted in CHF patients , which demands necessity of correction of observed disorders . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

[ Assessment of natriuretic peptide indices and oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure ] . The authors have studied indices of natriuretic peptide and oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure ( CHF ) . 52 male patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis ( PICS ) who have developed CHF have been observed . The age of the patients varied from 38 till 60 . It was established that CHF patients with progression of the disease had worsening of their clinical condition together with an increase of oxidative stress which was characterized through decrease of NO metabolites , NADPH -- diaphorase ( eNOS ) , increase of nitrite reductase ( iNOS ) and peroxinitrite ( ONOO ) , correlative increase the level of brain natriuretic peptide in blood plazma . Reliable connection between considerable increase of oxidative stress and the level of NT-pro BNP was noted in CHF patients , which demands necessity of correction of observed disorders .

[ "[", "Assessment", "of", "natriuretic", "peptide", "indices", "and", "oxidative", "stress", "in", "patients", "with", "chronic", "heart", "failure", "]", ".", "The", "authors", "have", "studied", "indices", "of", "natriuretic", "peptide", "and", "oxidative", "stress", "in", "patients", "with", "chronic", "heart", "failure", "(", "CHF", ")", ".", "52", "male", "patients", "with", "postinfarction", "cardiosclerosis", "(", "PICS", ")", "who", "have", "developed", "CHF", "have", "been", "observed", ".", "The", "age", "of", "the", "patients", "varied", "from", "38", "till", "60", ".", "It", "was", "established", "that", "CHF", "patients", "with", "progression", "of", "the", "disease", "had", "worsening", "of", "their", "clinical", "condition", "together", "with", "an", "increase", "of", "oxidative", "stress", "which", "was", "characterized", "through", "decrease", "of", "NO", "metabolites", ",", "NADPH", "--", "diaphorase", "(", "eNOS", ")", ",", "increase", "of", "nitrite", "reductase", "(", "iNOS", ")", "and", "peroxinitrite", "(", "ONOO", ")", ",", "correlative", "increase", "the", "level", "of", "brain", "natriuretic", "peptide", "in", "blood", "plazma", ".", "Reliable", "connection", "between", "considerable", "increase", "of", "oxidative", "stress", "and", "the", "level", "of", "NT", "-", "pro", "BNP", "was", "noted", "in", "CHF", "patients", ",", "which", "demands", "necessity", "of", "correction", "of", "observed", "disorders", "." ]

[ "Intervention_Physical", "Outcome_Physical", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Age", "Intervention_Educational", "Participant_Sex", "Participant_Sample-size" ]

Positive Action is a Intervention_Educational, urban youth : is a Participant_Condition, Positive Action ( PA ) is a Intervention_Educational, school - based social - emotional learning and health promotion program is a Intervention_Educational, predominately low - income and ethnic minority urban youth . is a Participant_Condition, 6-year period of program implementation for a cohort of youth in each school , followed from grades 3 to 8 . is a Participant_Condition, life satisfaction is a Outcome_Other, depression is a Outcome_Mental, anxiety is a Outcome_Mental

60677_task0

Sentence: Effects of Positive Action on the emotional health of urban youth : a cluster-randomized trial . PURPOSE We examined the effects of Positive Action ( PA ) , a school-based social-emotional learning and health promotion program , on the emotional health of predominately low-income and ethnic minority urban youth . METHODS The study was a matched-pair , cluster-randomized controlled trial involving 14 Chicago public schools . Outcomes were assessed over a 6-year period of program implementation for a cohort of youth in each school , followed from grades 3 to 8 . Youth reported on their emotional health ( positive affect , life satisfaction , depression , anxiety ) and social-emotional and character development . Growth-curve and structural-equation modeling analyses assessed overall program effects on the emotional health outcomes as well as mediation of these effects via the program 's impact on youths ' social-emotional and character development . RESULTS Students in PA schools , compared with those in control schools , had more favorable change over the course of the study in positive affect ( standardized mean difference effect size [ ES ] = .17 ) and life satisfaction ( ES = .13 ) as well as significantly lower depression ( ES = -.14 ) and anxiety ( ES = -.26 ) at study end point . Program effects for positive affect , depression , and anxiety were mediated by more favorable change over time in social-emotional and character development for students in PA schools . CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that universal , school-based programs can benefit the emotional health of youth in low-income , urban settings . The modest magnitude of effects over an extended period of program implementation , however , reflects the challenges of both mounting interventions and offsetting formidable risks for mental health problems in such environments . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Educational, Outcome_Other, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Mental

[ "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Effects of Positive Action on the emotional health of urban youth : a cluster-randomized trial . PURPOSE We examined the effects of Positive Action ( PA ) , a school-based social-emotional learning and health promotion program , on the emotional health of predominately low-income and ethnic minority urban youth . METHODS The study was a matched-pair , cluster-randomized controlled trial involving 14 Chicago public schools . Outcomes were assessed over a 6-year period of program implementation for a cohort of youth in each school , followed from grades 3 to 8 . Youth reported on their emotional health ( positive affect , life satisfaction , depression , anxiety ) and social-emotional and character development . Growth-curve and structural-equation modeling analyses assessed overall program effects on the emotional health outcomes as well as mediation of these effects via the program 's impact on youths ' social-emotional and character development . RESULTS Students in PA schools , compared with those in control schools , had more favorable change over the course of the study in positive affect ( standardized mean difference effect size [ ES ] = .17 ) and life satisfaction ( ES = .13 ) as well as significantly lower depression ( ES = -.14 ) and anxiety ( ES = -.26 ) at study end point . Program effects for positive affect , depression , and anxiety were mediated by more favorable change over time in social-emotional and character development for students in PA schools . CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that universal , school-based programs can benefit the emotional health of youth in low-income , urban settings . The modest magnitude of effects over an extended period of program implementation , however , reflects the challenges of both mounting interventions and offsetting formidable risks for mental health problems in such environments .

[ "Effects", "of", "Positive", "Action", "on", "the", "emotional", "health", "of", "urban", "youth", ":", "a", "cluster", "-", "randomized", "trial", ".", "PURPOSE", "We", "examined", "the", "effects", "of", "Positive", "Action", "(", "PA", ")", ",", "a", "school", "-", "based", "social", "-", "emotional", "learning", "and", "health", "promotion", "program", ",", "on", "the", "emotional", "health", "of", "predominately", "low", "-", "income", "and", "ethnic", "minority", "urban", "youth", ".", "METHODS", "The", "study", "was", "a", "matched", "-", "pair", ",", "cluster", "-", "randomized", "controlled", "trial", "involving", "14", "Chicago", "public", "schools", ".", "Outcomes", "were", "assessed", "over", "a", "6-year", "period", "of", "program", "implementation", "for", "a", "cohort", "of", "youth", "in", "each", "school", ",", "followed", "from", "grades", "3", "to", "8", ".", "Youth", "reported", "on", "their", "emotional", "health", "(", "positive", "affect", ",", "life", "satisfaction", ",", "depression", ",", "anxiety", ")", "and", "social", "-", "emotional", "and", "character", "development", ".", "Growth", "-", "curve", "and", "structural", "-", "equation", "modeling", "analyses", "assessed", "overall", "program", "effects", "on", "the", "emotional", "health", "outcomes", "as", "well", "as", "mediation", "of", "these", "effects", "via", "the", "program", "'", "s", "impact", "on", "youths", "'", "social", "-", "emotional", "and", "character", "development", ".", "RESULTS", "Students", "in", "PA", "schools", ",", "compared", "with", "those", "in", "control", "schools", ",", "had", "more", "favorable", "change", "over", "the", "course", "of", "the", "study", "in", "positive", "affect", "(", "standardized", "mean", "difference", "effect", "size", "[", "ES", "]", "=", ".17", ")", "and", "life", "satisfaction", "(", "ES", "=", ".13", ")", "as", "well", "as", "significantly", "lower", "depression", "(", "ES", "=", "-.14", ")", "and", "anxiety", "(", "ES", "=", "-.26", ")", "at", "study", "end", "point", ".", "Program", "effects", "for", "positive", "affect", ",", "depression", ",", "and", "anxiety", "were", "mediated", "by", "more", "favorable", "change", "over", "time", "in", "social", "-", "emotional", "and", "character", "development", "for", "students", "in", "PA", "schools", ".", "CONCLUSIONS", "Results", "suggest", "that", "universal", ",", "school", "-", "based", "programs", "can", "benefit", "the", "emotional", "health", "of", "youth", "in", "low", "-", "income", ",", "urban", "settings", ".", "The", "modest", "magnitude", "of", "effects", "over", "an", "extended", "period", "of", "program", "implementation", ",", "however", ",", "reflects", "the", "challenges", "of", "both", "mounting", "interventions", "and", "offsetting", "formidable", "risks", "for", "mental", "health", "problems", "in", "such", "environments", "." ]

[ "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Educational", "Outcome_Other", "Outcome_Mental", "Intervention_Control" ]

Positive Action is a Intervention_Educational, urban youth : is a Participant_Condition, Positive Action ( PA ) is a Intervention_Educational, school - based social - emotional learning and health promotion program is a Intervention_Educational, predominately low - income and ethnic minority urban youth . is a Participant_Condition, 6-year period of program implementation for a cohort of youth in each school , followed from grades 3 to 8 . is a Participant_Condition, life satisfaction is a Outcome_Other, depression is a Outcome_Mental, anxiety is a Outcome_Mental

60677_task1

Sentence: Effects of Positive Action on the emotional health of urban youth : a cluster-randomized trial . PURPOSE We examined the effects of Positive Action ( PA ) , a school-based social-emotional learning and health promotion program , on the emotional health of predominately low-income and ethnic minority urban youth . METHODS The study was a matched-pair , cluster-randomized controlled trial involving 14 Chicago public schools . Outcomes were assessed over a 6-year period of program implementation for a cohort of youth in each school , followed from grades 3 to 8 . Youth reported on their emotional health ( positive affect , life satisfaction , depression , anxiety ) and social-emotional and character development . Growth-curve and structural-equation modeling analyses assessed overall program effects on the emotional health outcomes as well as mediation of these effects via the program 's impact on youths ' social-emotional and character development . RESULTS Students in PA schools , compared with those in control schools , had more favorable change over the course of the study in positive affect ( standardized mean difference effect size [ ES ] = .17 ) and life satisfaction ( ES = .13 ) as well as significantly lower depression ( ES = -.14 ) and anxiety ( ES = -.26 ) at study end point . Program effects for positive affect , depression , and anxiety were mediated by more favorable change over time in social-emotional and character development for students in PA schools . CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that universal , school-based programs can benefit the emotional health of youth in low-income , urban settings . The modest magnitude of effects over an extended period of program implementation , however , reflects the challenges of both mounting interventions and offsetting formidable risks for mental health problems in such environments . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Positive Action, urban youth :, Positive Action ( PA ), school - based social - emotional learning and health promotion program, predominately low - income and ethnic minority urban youth ., 6-year period of program implementation for a cohort of youth in each school , followed from grades 3 to 8 ., life satisfaction, depression, anxiety Options: Intervention_Educational, Outcome_Other, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Mental

[ "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Effects of Positive Action on the emotional health of urban youth : a cluster-randomized trial . PURPOSE We examined the effects of Positive Action ( PA ) , a school-based social-emotional learning and health promotion program , on the emotional health of predominately low-income and ethnic minority urban youth . METHODS The study was a matched-pair , cluster-randomized controlled trial involving 14 Chicago public schools . Outcomes were assessed over a 6-year period of program implementation for a cohort of youth in each school , followed from grades 3 to 8 . Youth reported on their emotional health ( positive affect , life satisfaction , depression , anxiety ) and social-emotional and character development . Growth-curve and structural-equation modeling analyses assessed overall program effects on the emotional health outcomes as well as mediation of these effects via the program 's impact on youths ' social-emotional and character development . RESULTS Students in PA schools , compared with those in control schools , had more favorable change over the course of the study in positive affect ( standardized mean difference effect size [ ES ] = .17 ) and life satisfaction ( ES = .13 ) as well as significantly lower depression ( ES = -.14 ) and anxiety ( ES = -.26 ) at study end point . Program effects for positive affect , depression , and anxiety were mediated by more favorable change over time in social-emotional and character development for students in PA schools . CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that universal , school-based programs can benefit the emotional health of youth in low-income , urban settings . The modest magnitude of effects over an extended period of program implementation , however , reflects the challenges of both mounting interventions and offsetting formidable risks for mental health problems in such environments .

[ "Effects", "of", "Positive", "Action", "on", "the", "emotional", "health", "of", "urban", "youth", ":", "a", "cluster", "-", "randomized", "trial", ".", "PURPOSE", "We", "examined", "the", "effects", "of", "Positive", "Action", "(", "PA", ")", ",", "a", "school", "-", "based", "social", "-", "emotional", "learning", "and", "health", "promotion", "program", ",", "on", "the", "emotional", "health", "of", "predominately", "low", "-", "income", "and", "ethnic", "minority", "urban", "youth", ".", "METHODS", "The", "study", "was", "a", "matched", "-", "pair", ",", "cluster", "-", "randomized", "controlled", "trial", "involving", "14", "Chicago", "public", "schools", ".", "Outcomes", "were", "assessed", "over", "a", "6-year", "period", "of", "program", "implementation", "for", "a", "cohort", "of", "youth", "in", "each", "school", ",", "followed", "from", "grades", "3", "to", "8", ".", "Youth", "reported", "on", "their", "emotional", "health", "(", "positive", "affect", ",", "life", "satisfaction", ",", "depression", ",", "anxiety", ")", "and", "social", "-", "emotional", "and", "character", "development", ".", "Growth", "-", "curve", "and", "structural", "-", "equation", "modeling", "analyses", "assessed", "overall", "program", "effects", "on", "the", "emotional", "health", "outcomes", "as", "well", "as", "mediation", "of", "these", "effects", "via", "the", "program", "'", "s", "impact", "on", "youths", "'", "social", "-", "emotional", "and", "character", "development", ".", "RESULTS", "Students", "in", "PA", "schools", ",", "compared", "with", "those", "in", "control", "schools", ",", "had", "more", "favorable", "change", "over", "the", "course", "of", "the", "study", "in", "positive", "affect", "(", "standardized", "mean", "difference", "effect", "size", "[", "ES", "]", "=", ".17", ")", "and", "life", "satisfaction", "(", "ES", "=", ".13", ")", "as", "well", "as", "significantly", "lower", "depression", "(", "ES", "=", "-.14", ")", "and", "anxiety", "(", "ES", "=", "-.26", ")", "at", "study", "end", "point", ".", "Program", "effects", "for", "positive", "affect", ",", "depression", ",", "and", "anxiety", "were", "mediated", "by", "more", "favorable", "change", "over", "time", "in", "social", "-", "emotional", "and", "character", "development", "for", "students", "in", "PA", "schools", ".", "CONCLUSIONS", "Results", "suggest", "that", "universal", ",", "school", "-", "based", "programs", "can", "benefit", "the", "emotional", "health", "of", "youth", "in", "low", "-", "income", ",", "urban", "settings", ".", "The", "modest", "magnitude", "of", "effects", "over", "an", "extended", "period", "of", "program", "implementation", ",", "however", ",", "reflects", "the", "challenges", "of", "both", "mounting", "interventions", "and", "offsetting", "formidable", "risks", "for", "mental", "health", "problems", "in", "such", "environments", "." ]

[ "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Educational", "Outcome_Other", "Outcome_Mental", "Intervention_Control" ]

Positive Action, urban youth :, Positive Action ( PA ), school - based social - emotional learning and health promotion program, predominately low - income and ethnic minority urban youth ., 6-year period of program implementation for a cohort of youth in each school , followed from grades 3 to 8 ., life satisfaction, depression, anxiety

60677_task2

Sentence: Effects of Positive Action on the emotional health of urban youth : a cluster-randomized trial . PURPOSE We examined the effects of Positive Action ( PA ) , a school-based social-emotional learning and health promotion program , on the emotional health of predominately low-income and ethnic minority urban youth . METHODS The study was a matched-pair , cluster-randomized controlled trial involving 14 Chicago public schools . Outcomes were assessed over a 6-year period of program implementation for a cohort of youth in each school , followed from grades 3 to 8 . Youth reported on their emotional health ( positive affect , life satisfaction , depression , anxiety ) and social-emotional and character development . Growth-curve and structural-equation modeling analyses assessed overall program effects on the emotional health outcomes as well as mediation of these effects via the program 's impact on youths ' social-emotional and character development . RESULTS Students in PA schools , compared with those in control schools , had more favorable change over the course of the study in positive affect ( standardized mean difference effect size [ ES ] = .17 ) and life satisfaction ( ES = .13 ) as well as significantly lower depression ( ES = -.14 ) and anxiety ( ES = -.26 ) at study end point . Program effects for positive affect , depression , and anxiety were mediated by more favorable change over time in social-emotional and character development for students in PA schools . CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that universal , school-based programs can benefit the emotional health of youth in low-income , urban settings . The modest magnitude of effects over an extended period of program implementation , however , reflects the challenges of both mounting interventions and offsetting formidable risks for mental health problems in such environments . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Effects of Positive Action on the emotional health of urban youth : a cluster-randomized trial . PURPOSE We examined the effects of Positive Action ( PA ) , a school-based social-emotional learning and health promotion program , on the emotional health of predominately low-income and ethnic minority urban youth . METHODS The study was a matched-pair , cluster-randomized controlled trial involving 14 Chicago public schools . Outcomes were assessed over a 6-year period of program implementation for a cohort of youth in each school , followed from grades 3 to 8 . Youth reported on their emotional health ( positive affect , life satisfaction , depression , anxiety ) and social-emotional and character development . Growth-curve and structural-equation modeling analyses assessed overall program effects on the emotional health outcomes as well as mediation of these effects via the program 's impact on youths ' social-emotional and character development . RESULTS Students in PA schools , compared with those in control schools , had more favorable change over the course of the study in positive affect ( standardized mean difference effect size [ ES ] = .17 ) and life satisfaction ( ES = .13 ) as well as significantly lower depression ( ES = -.14 ) and anxiety ( ES = -.26 ) at study end point . Program effects for positive affect , depression , and anxiety were mediated by more favorable change over time in social-emotional and character development for students in PA schools . CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that universal , school-based programs can benefit the emotional health of youth in low-income , urban settings . The modest magnitude of effects over an extended period of program implementation , however , reflects the challenges of both mounting interventions and offsetting formidable risks for mental health problems in such environments .

[ "Effects", "of", "Positive", "Action", "on", "the", "emotional", "health", "of", "urban", "youth", ":", "a", "cluster", "-", "randomized", "trial", ".", "PURPOSE", "We", "examined", "the", "effects", "of", "Positive", "Action", "(", "PA", ")", ",", "a", "school", "-", "based", "social", "-", "emotional", "learning", "and", "health", "promotion", "program", ",", "on", "the", "emotional", "health", "of", "predominately", "low", "-", "income", "and", "ethnic", "minority", "urban", "youth", ".", "METHODS", "The", "study", "was", "a", "matched", "-", "pair", ",", "cluster", "-", "randomized", "controlled", "trial", "involving", "14", "Chicago", "public", "schools", ".", "Outcomes", "were", "assessed", "over", "a", "6-year", "period", "of", "program", "implementation", "for", "a", "cohort", "of", "youth", "in", "each", "school", ",", "followed", "from", "grades", "3", "to", "8", ".", "Youth", "reported", "on", "their", "emotional", "health", "(", "positive", "affect", ",", "life", "satisfaction", ",", "depression", ",", "anxiety", ")", "and", "social", "-", "emotional", "and", "character", "development", ".", "Growth", "-", "curve", "and", "structural", "-", "equation", "modeling", "analyses", "assessed", "overall", "program", "effects", "on", "the", "emotional", "health", "outcomes", "as", "well", "as", "mediation", "of", "these", "effects", "via", "the", "program", "'", "s", "impact", "on", "youths", "'", "social", "-", "emotional", "and", "character", "development", ".", "RESULTS", "Students", "in", "PA", "schools", ",", "compared", "with", "those", "in", "control", "schools", ",", "had", "more", "favorable", "change", "over", "the", "course", "of", "the", "study", "in", "positive", "affect", "(", "standardized", "mean", "difference", "effect", "size", "[", "ES", "]", "=", ".17", ")", "and", "life", "satisfaction", "(", "ES", "=", ".13", ")", "as", "well", "as", "significantly", "lower", "depression", "(", "ES", "=", "-.14", ")", "and", "anxiety", "(", "ES", "=", "-.26", ")", "at", "study", "end", "point", ".", "Program", "effects", "for", "positive", "affect", ",", "depression", ",", "and", "anxiety", "were", "mediated", "by", "more", "favorable", "change", "over", "time", "in", "social", "-", "emotional", "and", "character", "development", "for", "students", "in", "PA", "schools", ".", "CONCLUSIONS", "Results", "suggest", "that", "universal", ",", "school", "-", "based", "programs", "can", "benefit", "the", "emotional", "health", "of", "youth", "in", "low", "-", "income", ",", "urban", "settings", ".", "The", "modest", "magnitude", "of", "effects", "over", "an", "extended", "period", "of", "program", "implementation", ",", "however", ",", "reflects", "the", "challenges", "of", "both", "mounting", "interventions", "and", "offsetting", "formidable", "risks", "for", "mental", "health", "problems", "in", "such", "environments", "." ]

[ "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Educational", "Outcome_Other", "Outcome_Mental", "Intervention_Control" ]

Tat - binding protein 7 is a protein_molecule, 26S protease is a protein_complex

15156_task0

Sentence: Tat-binding protein 7 is a subunit of the 26S protease. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: protein_complex, protein_molecule

[ "B-protein_molecule", "I-protein_molecule", "I-protein_molecule", "I-protein_molecule", "I-protein_molecule", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein_complex", "I-protein_complex", "O" ]

Tat-binding protein 7 is a subunit of the 26S protease.

[ "Tat", "-", "binding", "protein", "7", "is", "a", "subunit", "of", "the", "26S", "protease", "." ]

[ "protein_molecule", "cell_type", "other_name", "peptide", "protein_N/A", "protein_complex", "protein_subunit" ]

Tat - binding protein 7 is a protein_molecule, 26S protease is a protein_complex

15156_task1

Sentence: Tat-binding protein 7 is a subunit of the 26S protease. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Tat - binding protein 7, 26S protease Options: protein_complex, protein_molecule

[ "B-protein_molecule", "I-protein_molecule", "I-protein_molecule", "I-protein_molecule", "I-protein_molecule", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein_complex", "I-protein_complex", "O" ]

Tat-binding protein 7 is a subunit of the 26S protease.

[ "Tat", "-", "binding", "protein", "7", "is", "a", "subunit", "of", "the", "26S", "protease", "." ]

[ "protein_molecule", "cell_type", "other_name", "peptide", "protein_N/A", "protein_complex", "protein_subunit" ]

Tat - binding protein 7, 26S protease

15156_task2

Sentence: Tat-binding protein 7 is a subunit of the 26S protease. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "B-protein_molecule", "I-protein_molecule", "I-protein_molecule", "I-protein_molecule", "I-protein_molecule", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein_complex", "I-protein_complex", "O" ]

Tat-binding protein 7 is a subunit of the 26S protease.

[ "Tat", "-", "binding", "protein", "7", "is", "a", "subunit", "of", "the", "26S", "protease", "." ]

[ "protein_molecule", "cell_type", "other_name", "peptide", "protein_N/A", "protein_complex", "protein_subunit" ]

allergy is a Condition, study drugs is a Drug, significant is a Qualifier, medical conditions is a Condition, gastrointestinal , hepatic , renal , respiratory , cardiovascular , metabolic , immunologic , hematological , psychiatric , neurological , oncological or hormonal disorders is a Scope, elevated is a Value, liver enzymes is a Measurement, Clinically relevant laboratory abnormalities is a Scope, Hgb<11g / dL , Hct<30g / dL , total cholesterol > 240mg / dL , triglycerides > 500mg / dL , fasting glucose > 130mg / dL , liver function tests > 2.5x upper limit of normal , baseline international normalized ratio > 1.2 is a Scope, History is a Observation, clinically significant is a Qualifier, hepatic , cardiac , pulmonary , endocrine , immunological , gastrointestinal , hematological , vascular or collagen disease is a Scope, alcohol abuse is a Condition, use of is a Condition, tobacco products is a Drug, history is a Observation, smoking is a Observation, within the past 2 months is a Temporal, Pregnant is a Condition, breast feeding is a Observation, Sexually active is a Condition, women is a Person, childbearing is a Value, age is a Person, not is a Negation, acceptable is a Qualifier, barrier method of birth control is a Device, Hypersensitivity is a Condition, caffeine , warfarin , vitamin K , omeprazole , dextromethorphan , midazolam , tipranavir , ritonavir is a Scope, Concomitant is a Temporal, experimental compounds is a Drug, Concomitant is a Temporal, medications known to alter P450 enzyme or P - gp activity is a Scope, Concomitant is a Temporal, medications known to be highly dependent on P450 or P - gp for clearance is a Scope, elevated plasma concentrations is a Scope, serious is a Qualifier, toxicity is a Condition, Concomitant is a Temporal, food product known to alter P450 enzyme or P - gp activity is a Scope, grapefruit juice , Seville oranges is a Scope, drug that could affect bleeding is a Drug, aspirin , clopidogrel , ticlopidine , warfarin , heparin , low - molecular weight heparin is a Scope, Concomitant is a Temporal, oral contraceptives is a Drug, Concomitant is a Temporal, herbal medications is a Drug, Inadequate is a Qualifier, venous access is a Device, Renal is a Condition, hepatic insufficiency is a Condition, Clinically unacceptable result is a Condition, at the screening physical examination is a Temporal, investigational medications is a Drug, within 30 days before study entry is a Temporal, HIV is a Measurement, positive is a Value, Body Mass Index ( BMI ) is a Measurement, > 30 kg / m² is a Value

NCT02243553_exc_task0

Sentence: 1. History or presence of allergy to the study drugs or their components or drugs of their class, or a history of drug or other allergy that, in the opinion of the physician responsible, contraindicates their participation 2. Any finding of the medical examination (including blood pressure, pulse rate and electrocardiogram) deviating from normal and of clinical relevance 3. History or diagnosis of any significant medical conditions: Including but not limited to gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, immunologic, hematological, psychiatric, neurological, oncological or hormonal disorders 4. Known elevated liver enzymes in past clinical trials with any compound (experimental or marketed) 5. Clinically relevant laboratory abnormalities (e.g. Hgb<11g/dL, Hct<30g/dL, total cholesterol >240mg/dL, triglycerides >500mg/dL, fasting glucose >130mg/dL, liver function tests >2.5x upper limit of normal, baseline international normalized ratio >1.2) 6. History of evidence of clinically significant hepatic, cardiac, pulmonary, endocrine, immunological, gastrointestinal, hematological, vascular or collagen disease 7. History of alcohol abuse or use of any illicit drugs 8. Unable to abstain from more than one beer or alcohol equivalent per day for the duration of the study 9. Use of tobacco products and/or history of smoking within the past 2 months 10. Pregnant or breast feeding 11. Sexually active women of childbearing age who do not use an acceptable barrier method of birth control 12. Hypersensitivity to caffeine, warfarin, vitamin K, omeprazole, dextromethorphan, midazolam, tipranavir, ritonavir or their excipients 13. Concomitant treatment with other experimental compounds 14. Concomitant administration of any prescription or over the counter medications known to alter P450 enzyme or P-gp activity 15. Concomitant administration of any prescription or over the counter medications known to be highly dependent on P450 or P-gp for clearance for which elevated plasma concentrations are known to be associated with serious toxicity 16. Concomitant administration of any food product known to alter P450 enzyme or P-gp activity such as grapefruit juice, Seville oranges 17. Concomitant administration of any drug that could affect bleeding (e.g., aspirin, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, warfarin, heparin, low-molecular weight heparin) 18. Concomitant administration of oral contraceptives (may be included with 7-day washout period) 19. Concomitant administration of any herbal medications 20. Inadequate venous access 21. Renal or hepatic insufficiency 22. Clinically unacceptable result at the screening physical examination 23. Use of investigational medications within 30 days before study entry 24. HIV-positive 25. Body Mass Index (BMI) > 30 kg/m² Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Temporal, Condition, Qualifier, Value, Person, Observation, Negation, Scope, Measurement, Device, Drug

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Value", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Observation", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "B-Observation", "O", "B-Observation", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Observation", "I-Observation", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "B-Person", "O", "B-Value", "B-Person", "O", "O", "B-Negation", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Device", "I-Device", "I-Device", "I-Device", "I-Device", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "I-Drug", "I-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Device", "I-Device", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "I-Condition", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "O", "B-Value", "O", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O" ]

1. History or presence of allergy to the study drugs or their components or drugs of their class, or a history of drug or other allergy that, in the opinion of the physician responsible, contraindicates their participation 2. Any finding of the medical examination (including blood pressure, pulse rate and electrocardiogram) deviating from normal and of clinical relevance 3. History or diagnosis of any significant medical conditions: Including but not limited to gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, immunologic, hematological, psychiatric, neurological, oncological or hormonal disorders 4. Known elevated liver enzymes in past clinical trials with any compound (experimental or marketed) 5. Clinically relevant laboratory abnormalities (e.g. Hgb<11g/dL, Hct<30g/dL, total cholesterol >240mg/dL, triglycerides >500mg/dL, fasting glucose >130mg/dL, liver function tests >2.5x upper limit of normal, baseline international normalized ratio >1.2) 6. History of evidence of clinically significant hepatic, cardiac, pulmonary, endocrine, immunological, gastrointestinal, hematological, vascular or collagen disease 7. History of alcohol abuse or use of any illicit drugs 8. Unable to abstain from more than one beer or alcohol equivalent per day for the duration of the study 9. Use of tobacco products and/or history of smoking within the past 2 months 10. Pregnant or breast feeding 11. Sexually active women of childbearing age who do not use an acceptable barrier method of birth control 12. Hypersensitivity to caffeine, warfarin, vitamin K, omeprazole, dextromethorphan, midazolam, tipranavir, ritonavir or their excipients 13. Concomitant treatment with other experimental compounds 14. Concomitant administration of any prescription or over the counter medications known to alter P450 enzyme or P-gp activity 15. Concomitant administration of any prescription or over the counter medications known to be highly dependent on P450 or P-gp for clearance for which elevated plasma concentrations are known to be associated with serious toxicity 16. Concomitant administration of any food product known to alter P450 enzyme or P-gp activity such as grapefruit juice, Seville oranges 17. Concomitant administration of any drug that could affect bleeding (e.g., aspirin, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, warfarin, heparin, low-molecular weight heparin) 18. Concomitant administration of oral contraceptives (may be included with 7-day washout period) 19. Concomitant administration of any herbal medications 20. Inadequate venous access 21. Renal or hepatic insufficiency 22. Clinically unacceptable result at the screening physical examination 23. Use of investigational medications within 30 days before study entry 24. HIV-positive 25. Body Mass Index (BMI) > 30 kg/m²

[ "1", ".", "History", "or", "presence", "of", "allergy", "to", "the", "study", "drugs", "or", "their", "components", "or", "drugs", "of", "their", "class", ",", "or", "a", "history", "of", "drug", "or", "other", "allergy", "that", ",", "in", "the", "opinion", "of", "the", "physician", "responsible", ",", "contraindicates", "their", "participation", "\n", "2", ".", "Any", "finding", "of", "the", "medical", "examination", "(", "including", "blood", "pressure", ",", "pulse", "rate", "and", "electrocardiogram", ")", "deviating", "from", "normal", "and", "of", "clinical", "relevance", "\n", "3", ".", "History", "or", "diagnosis", "of", "any", "significant", "medical", "conditions", ":", "Including", "but", "not", "limited", "to", "gastrointestinal", ",", "hepatic", ",", "renal", ",", "respiratory", ",", "cardiovascular", ",", "metabolic", ",", "immunologic", ",", "hematological", ",", "psychiatric", ",", "neurological", ",", "oncological", "or", "hormonal", "disorders", "\n", "4", ".", "Known", "elevated", "liver", "enzymes", "in", "past", "clinical", "trials", "with", "any", "compound", "(", "experimental", "or", "marketed", ")", "\n", "5", ".", "Clinically", "relevant", "laboratory", "abnormalities", "(", "e.g", ".", "Hgb<11g", "/", "dL", ",", "Hct<30g", "/", "dL", ",", "total", "cholesterol", ">", "240mg", "/", "dL", ",", "triglycerides", ">", "500mg", "/", "dL", ",", "fasting", "glucose", ">", "130mg", "/", "dL", ",", "liver", "function", "tests", ">", "2.5x", "upper", "limit", "of", "normal", ",", "baseline", "international", "normalized", "ratio", ">", "1.2", ")", "\n", "6", ".", "History", "of", "evidence", "of", "clinically", "significant", "hepatic", ",", "cardiac", ",", "pulmonary", ",", "endocrine", ",", "immunological", ",", "gastrointestinal", ",", "hematological", ",", "vascular", "or", "collagen", "disease", "\n", "7", ".", "History", "of", "alcohol", "abuse", "or", "use", "of", "any", "illicit", "drugs", "\n", "8", ".", "Unable", "to", "abstain", "from", "more", "than", "one", "beer", "or", "alcohol", "equivalent", "per", "day", "for", "the", "duration", "of", "the", "study", "\n", "9", ".", "Use", "of", "tobacco", "products", "and", "/", "or", "history", "of", "smoking", "within", "the", "past", "2", "months", "\n", "10", ".", "Pregnant", "or", "breast", "feeding", "\n", "11", ".", "Sexually", "active", "women", "of", "childbearing", "age", "who", "do", "not", "use", "an", "acceptable", "barrier", "method", "of", "birth", "control", "\n", "12", ".", "Hypersensitivity", "to", "caffeine", ",", "warfarin", ",", "vitamin", "K", ",", "omeprazole", ",", "dextromethorphan", ",", "midazolam", ",", "tipranavir", ",", "ritonavir", "or", "their", "excipients", "\n", "13", ".", "Concomitant", "treatment", "with", "other", "experimental", "compounds", "\n", "14", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "prescription", "or", "over", "the", "counter", "medications", "known", "to", "alter", "P450", "enzyme", "or", "P", "-", "gp", "activity", "\n", "15", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "prescription", "or", "over", "the", "counter", "medications", "known", "to", "be", "highly", "dependent", "on", "P450", "or", "P", "-", "gp", "for", "clearance", "for", "which", "elevated", "plasma", "concentrations", "are", "known", "to", "be", "associated", "with", "serious", "toxicity", "\n", "16", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "food", "product", "known", "to", "alter", "P450", "enzyme", "or", "P", "-", "gp", "activity", "such", "as", "grapefruit", "juice", ",", "Seville", "oranges", "\n", "17", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "drug", "that", "could", "affect", "bleeding", "(", "e.g", ".", ",", "aspirin", ",", "clopidogrel", ",", "ticlopidine", ",", "warfarin", ",", "heparin", ",", "low", "-", "molecular", "weight", "heparin", ")", "\n", "18", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "oral", "contraceptives", "(", "may", "be", "included", "with", "7-day", "washout", "period", ")", "\n", "19", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "herbal", "medications", "\n", "20", ".", "Inadequate", "venous", "access", "\n", "21", ".", "Renal", "or", "hepatic", "insufficiency", "\n", "22", ".", "Clinically", "unacceptable", "result", "at", "the", "screening", "physical", "examination", "\n", "23", ".", "Use", "of", "investigational", "medications", "within", "30", "days", "before", "study", "entry", "\n", "24", ".", "HIV", "-", "positive", "\n", "25", ".", "Body", "Mass", "Index", "(", "BMI", ")", ">", "30", "kg", "/", "m²", " \n \n" ]

[ "Scope", "Drug", "Temporal", "Reference_point", "Device", "Condition", "Measurement", "Value", "Qualifier", "Procedure", "Observation", "Person", "Negation" ]

allergy is a Condition, study drugs is a Drug, significant is a Qualifier, medical conditions is a Condition, gastrointestinal , hepatic , renal , respiratory , cardiovascular , metabolic , immunologic , hematological , psychiatric , neurological , oncological or hormonal disorders is a Scope, elevated is a Value, liver enzymes is a Measurement, Clinically relevant laboratory abnormalities is a Scope, Hgb<11g / dL , Hct<30g / dL , total cholesterol > 240mg / dL , triglycerides > 500mg / dL , fasting glucose > 130mg / dL , liver function tests > 2.5x upper limit of normal , baseline international normalized ratio > 1.2 is a Scope, History is a Observation, clinically significant is a Qualifier, hepatic , cardiac , pulmonary , endocrine , immunological , gastrointestinal , hematological , vascular or collagen disease is a Scope, alcohol abuse is a Condition, use of is a Condition, tobacco products is a Drug, history is a Observation, smoking is a Observation, within the past 2 months is a Temporal, Pregnant is a Condition, breast feeding is a Observation, Sexually active is a Condition, women is a Person, childbearing is a Value, age is a Person, not is a Negation, acceptable is a Qualifier, barrier method of birth control is a Device, Hypersensitivity is a Condition, caffeine , warfarin , vitamin K , omeprazole , dextromethorphan , midazolam , tipranavir , ritonavir is a Scope, Concomitant is a Temporal, experimental compounds is a Drug, Concomitant is a Temporal, medications known to alter P450 enzyme or P - gp activity is a Scope, Concomitant is a Temporal, medications known to be highly dependent on P450 or P - gp for clearance is a Scope, elevated plasma concentrations is a Scope, serious is a Qualifier, toxicity is a Condition, Concomitant is a Temporal, food product known to alter P450 enzyme or P - gp activity is a Scope, grapefruit juice , Seville oranges is a Scope, drug that could affect bleeding is a Drug, aspirin , clopidogrel , ticlopidine , warfarin , heparin , low - molecular weight heparin is a Scope, Concomitant is a Temporal, oral contraceptives is a Drug, Concomitant is a Temporal, herbal medications is a Drug, Inadequate is a Qualifier, venous access is a Device, Renal is a Condition, hepatic insufficiency is a Condition, Clinically unacceptable result is a Condition, at the screening physical examination is a Temporal, investigational medications is a Drug, within 30 days before study entry is a Temporal, HIV is a Measurement, positive is a Value, Body Mass Index ( BMI ) is a Measurement, > 30 kg / m² is a Value

NCT02243553_exc_task1

Sentence: 1. History or presence of allergy to the study drugs or their components or drugs of their class, or a history of drug or other allergy that, in the opinion of the physician responsible, contraindicates their participation 2. Any finding of the medical examination (including blood pressure, pulse rate and electrocardiogram) deviating from normal and of clinical relevance 3. History or diagnosis of any significant medical conditions: Including but not limited to gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, immunologic, hematological, psychiatric, neurological, oncological or hormonal disorders 4. Known elevated liver enzymes in past clinical trials with any compound (experimental or marketed) 5. Clinically relevant laboratory abnormalities (e.g. Hgb<11g/dL, Hct<30g/dL, total cholesterol >240mg/dL, triglycerides >500mg/dL, fasting glucose >130mg/dL, liver function tests >2.5x upper limit of normal, baseline international normalized ratio >1.2) 6. History of evidence of clinically significant hepatic, cardiac, pulmonary, endocrine, immunological, gastrointestinal, hematological, vascular or collagen disease 7. History of alcohol abuse or use of any illicit drugs 8. Unable to abstain from more than one beer or alcohol equivalent per day for the duration of the study 9. Use of tobacco products and/or history of smoking within the past 2 months 10. Pregnant or breast feeding 11. Sexually active women of childbearing age who do not use an acceptable barrier method of birth control 12. Hypersensitivity to caffeine, warfarin, vitamin K, omeprazole, dextromethorphan, midazolam, tipranavir, ritonavir or their excipients 13. Concomitant treatment with other experimental compounds 14. Concomitant administration of any prescription or over the counter medications known to alter P450 enzyme or P-gp activity 15. Concomitant administration of any prescription or over the counter medications known to be highly dependent on P450 or P-gp for clearance for which elevated plasma concentrations are known to be associated with serious toxicity 16. Concomitant administration of any food product known to alter P450 enzyme or P-gp activity such as grapefruit juice, Seville oranges 17. Concomitant administration of any drug that could affect bleeding (e.g., aspirin, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, warfarin, heparin, low-molecular weight heparin) 18. Concomitant administration of oral contraceptives (may be included with 7-day washout period) 19. Concomitant administration of any herbal medications 20. Inadequate venous access 21. Renal or hepatic insufficiency 22. Clinically unacceptable result at the screening physical examination 23. Use of investigational medications within 30 days before study entry 24. HIV-positive 25. Body Mass Index (BMI) > 30 kg/m² Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: allergy, study drugs, significant, medical conditions, gastrointestinal , hepatic , renal , respiratory , cardiovascular , metabolic , immunologic , hematological , psychiatric , neurological , oncological or hormonal disorders, elevated, liver enzymes, Clinically relevant laboratory abnormalities, Hgb<11g / dL , Hct<30g / dL , total cholesterol > 240mg / dL , triglycerides > 500mg / dL , fasting glucose > 130mg / dL , liver function tests > 2.5x upper limit of normal , baseline international normalized ratio > 1.2, History, clinically significant, hepatic , cardiac , pulmonary , endocrine , immunological , gastrointestinal , hematological , vascular or collagen disease, alcohol abuse, use of, tobacco products, history, smoking, within the past 2 months, Pregnant, breast feeding, Sexually active, women, childbearing, age, not, acceptable, barrier method of birth control, Hypersensitivity, caffeine , warfarin , vitamin K , omeprazole , dextromethorphan , midazolam , tipranavir , ritonavir, Concomitant, experimental compounds, Concomitant, medications known to alter P450 enzyme or P - gp activity, Concomitant, medications known to be highly dependent on P450 or P - gp for clearance, elevated plasma concentrations, serious, toxicity, Concomitant, food product known to alter P450 enzyme or P - gp activity, grapefruit juice , Seville oranges, drug that could affect bleeding, aspirin , clopidogrel , ticlopidine , warfarin , heparin , low - molecular weight heparin, Concomitant, oral contraceptives, Concomitant, herbal medications, Inadequate, venous access, Renal, hepatic insufficiency, Clinically unacceptable result, at the screening physical examination, investigational medications, within 30 days before study entry, HIV, positive, Body Mass Index ( BMI ), > 30 kg / m² Options: Temporal, Condition, Qualifier, Value, Person, Observation, Negation, Scope, Measurement, Device, Drug

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Value", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Observation", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "B-Observation", "O", "B-Observation", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Observation", "I-Observation", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "B-Person", "O", "B-Value", "B-Person", "O", "O", "B-Negation", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Device", "I-Device", "I-Device", "I-Device", "I-Device", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "I-Drug", "I-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Device", "I-Device", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "I-Condition", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "O", "B-Value", "O", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O" ]

1. History or presence of allergy to the study drugs or their components or drugs of their class, or a history of drug or other allergy that, in the opinion of the physician responsible, contraindicates their participation 2. Any finding of the medical examination (including blood pressure, pulse rate and electrocardiogram) deviating from normal and of clinical relevance 3. History or diagnosis of any significant medical conditions: Including but not limited to gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, immunologic, hematological, psychiatric, neurological, oncological or hormonal disorders 4. Known elevated liver enzymes in past clinical trials with any compound (experimental or marketed) 5. Clinically relevant laboratory abnormalities (e.g. Hgb<11g/dL, Hct<30g/dL, total cholesterol >240mg/dL, triglycerides >500mg/dL, fasting glucose >130mg/dL, liver function tests >2.5x upper limit of normal, baseline international normalized ratio >1.2) 6. History of evidence of clinically significant hepatic, cardiac, pulmonary, endocrine, immunological, gastrointestinal, hematological, vascular or collagen disease 7. History of alcohol abuse or use of any illicit drugs 8. Unable to abstain from more than one beer or alcohol equivalent per day for the duration of the study 9. Use of tobacco products and/or history of smoking within the past 2 months 10. Pregnant or breast feeding 11. Sexually active women of childbearing age who do not use an acceptable barrier method of birth control 12. Hypersensitivity to caffeine, warfarin, vitamin K, omeprazole, dextromethorphan, midazolam, tipranavir, ritonavir or their excipients 13. Concomitant treatment with other experimental compounds 14. Concomitant administration of any prescription or over the counter medications known to alter P450 enzyme or P-gp activity 15. Concomitant administration of any prescription or over the counter medications known to be highly dependent on P450 or P-gp for clearance for which elevated plasma concentrations are known to be associated with serious toxicity 16. Concomitant administration of any food product known to alter P450 enzyme or P-gp activity such as grapefruit juice, Seville oranges 17. Concomitant administration of any drug that could affect bleeding (e.g., aspirin, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, warfarin, heparin, low-molecular weight heparin) 18. Concomitant administration of oral contraceptives (may be included with 7-day washout period) 19. Concomitant administration of any herbal medications 20. Inadequate venous access 21. Renal or hepatic insufficiency 22. Clinically unacceptable result at the screening physical examination 23. Use of investigational medications within 30 days before study entry 24. HIV-positive 25. Body Mass Index (BMI) > 30 kg/m²

[ "1", ".", "History", "or", "presence", "of", "allergy", "to", "the", "study", "drugs", "or", "their", "components", "or", "drugs", "of", "their", "class", ",", "or", "a", "history", "of", "drug", "or", "other", "allergy", "that", ",", "in", "the", "opinion", "of", "the", "physician", "responsible", ",", "contraindicates", "their", "participation", "\n", "2", ".", "Any", "finding", "of", "the", "medical", "examination", "(", "including", "blood", "pressure", ",", "pulse", "rate", "and", "electrocardiogram", ")", "deviating", "from", "normal", "and", "of", "clinical", "relevance", "\n", "3", ".", "History", "or", "diagnosis", "of", "any", "significant", "medical", "conditions", ":", "Including", "but", "not", "limited", "to", "gastrointestinal", ",", "hepatic", ",", "renal", ",", "respiratory", ",", "cardiovascular", ",", "metabolic", ",", "immunologic", ",", "hematological", ",", "psychiatric", ",", "neurological", ",", "oncological", "or", "hormonal", "disorders", "\n", "4", ".", "Known", "elevated", "liver", "enzymes", "in", "past", "clinical", "trials", "with", "any", "compound", "(", "experimental", "or", "marketed", ")", "\n", "5", ".", "Clinically", "relevant", "laboratory", "abnormalities", "(", "e.g", ".", "Hgb<11g", "/", "dL", ",", "Hct<30g", "/", "dL", ",", "total", "cholesterol", ">", "240mg", "/", "dL", ",", "triglycerides", ">", "500mg", "/", "dL", ",", "fasting", "glucose", ">", "130mg", "/", "dL", ",", "liver", "function", "tests", ">", "2.5x", "upper", "limit", "of", "normal", ",", "baseline", "international", "normalized", "ratio", ">", "1.2", ")", "\n", "6", ".", "History", "of", "evidence", "of", "clinically", "significant", "hepatic", ",", "cardiac", ",", "pulmonary", ",", "endocrine", ",", "immunological", ",", "gastrointestinal", ",", "hematological", ",", "vascular", "or", "collagen", "disease", "\n", "7", ".", "History", "of", "alcohol", "abuse", "or", "use", "of", "any", "illicit", "drugs", "\n", "8", ".", "Unable", "to", "abstain", "from", "more", "than", "one", "beer", "or", "alcohol", "equivalent", "per", "day", "for", "the", "duration", "of", "the", "study", "\n", "9", ".", "Use", "of", "tobacco", "products", "and", "/", "or", "history", "of", "smoking", "within", "the", "past", "2", "months", "\n", "10", ".", "Pregnant", "or", "breast", "feeding", "\n", "11", ".", "Sexually", "active", "women", "of", "childbearing", "age", "who", "do", "not", "use", "an", "acceptable", "barrier", "method", "of", "birth", "control", "\n", "12", ".", "Hypersensitivity", "to", "caffeine", ",", "warfarin", ",", "vitamin", "K", ",", "omeprazole", ",", "dextromethorphan", ",", "midazolam", ",", "tipranavir", ",", "ritonavir", "or", "their", "excipients", "\n", "13", ".", "Concomitant", "treatment", "with", "other", "experimental", "compounds", "\n", "14", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "prescription", "or", "over", "the", "counter", "medications", "known", "to", "alter", "P450", "enzyme", "or", "P", "-", "gp", "activity", "\n", "15", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "prescription", "or", "over", "the", "counter", "medications", "known", "to", "be", "highly", "dependent", "on", "P450", "or", "P", "-", "gp", "for", "clearance", "for", "which", "elevated", "plasma", "concentrations", "are", "known", "to", "be", "associated", "with", "serious", "toxicity", "\n", "16", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "food", "product", "known", "to", "alter", "P450", "enzyme", "or", "P", "-", "gp", "activity", "such", "as", "grapefruit", "juice", ",", "Seville", "oranges", "\n", "17", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "drug", "that", "could", "affect", "bleeding", "(", "e.g", ".", ",", "aspirin", ",", "clopidogrel", ",", "ticlopidine", ",", "warfarin", ",", "heparin", ",", "low", "-", "molecular", "weight", "heparin", ")", "\n", "18", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "oral", "contraceptives", "(", "may", "be", "included", "with", "7-day", "washout", "period", ")", "\n", "19", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "herbal", "medications", "\n", "20", ".", "Inadequate", "venous", "access", "\n", "21", ".", "Renal", "or", "hepatic", "insufficiency", "\n", "22", ".", "Clinically", "unacceptable", "result", "at", "the", "screening", "physical", "examination", "\n", "23", ".", "Use", "of", "investigational", "medications", "within", "30", "days", "before", "study", "entry", "\n", "24", ".", "HIV", "-", "positive", "\n", "25", ".", "Body", "Mass", "Index", "(", "BMI", ")", ">", "30", "kg", "/", "m²", " \n \n" ]

[ "Scope", "Drug", "Temporal", "Reference_point", "Device", "Condition", "Measurement", "Value", "Qualifier", "Procedure", "Observation", "Person", "Negation" ]

allergy, study drugs, significant, medical conditions, gastrointestinal , hepatic , renal , respiratory , cardiovascular , metabolic , immunologic , hematological , psychiatric , neurological , oncological or hormonal disorders, elevated, liver enzymes, Clinically relevant laboratory abnormalities, Hgb<11g / dL , Hct<30g / dL , total cholesterol > 240mg / dL , triglycerides > 500mg / dL , fasting glucose > 130mg / dL , liver function tests > 2.5x upper limit of normal , baseline international normalized ratio > 1.2, History, clinically significant, hepatic , cardiac , pulmonary , endocrine , immunological , gastrointestinal , hematological , vascular or collagen disease, alcohol abuse, use of, tobacco products, history, smoking, within the past 2 months, Pregnant, breast feeding, Sexually active, women, childbearing, age, not, acceptable, barrier method of birth control, Hypersensitivity, caffeine , warfarin , vitamin K , omeprazole , dextromethorphan , midazolam , tipranavir , ritonavir, Concomitant, experimental compounds, Concomitant, medications known to alter P450 enzyme or P - gp activity, Concomitant, medications known to be highly dependent on P450 or P - gp for clearance, elevated plasma concentrations, serious, toxicity, Concomitant, food product known to alter P450 enzyme or P - gp activity, grapefruit juice , Seville oranges, drug that could affect bleeding, aspirin , clopidogrel , ticlopidine , warfarin , heparin , low - molecular weight heparin, Concomitant, oral contraceptives, Concomitant, herbal medications, Inadequate, venous access, Renal, hepatic insufficiency, Clinically unacceptable result, at the screening physical examination, investigational medications, within 30 days before study entry, HIV, positive, Body Mass Index ( BMI ), > 30 kg / m²

NCT02243553_exc_task2

Sentence: 1. History or presence of allergy to the study drugs or their components or drugs of their class, or a history of drug or other allergy that, in the opinion of the physician responsible, contraindicates their participation 2. Any finding of the medical examination (including blood pressure, pulse rate and electrocardiogram) deviating from normal and of clinical relevance 3. History or diagnosis of any significant medical conditions: Including but not limited to gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, immunologic, hematological, psychiatric, neurological, oncological or hormonal disorders 4. Known elevated liver enzymes in past clinical trials with any compound (experimental or marketed) 5. Clinically relevant laboratory abnormalities (e.g. Hgb<11g/dL, Hct<30g/dL, total cholesterol >240mg/dL, triglycerides >500mg/dL, fasting glucose >130mg/dL, liver function tests >2.5x upper limit of normal, baseline international normalized ratio >1.2) 6. History of evidence of clinically significant hepatic, cardiac, pulmonary, endocrine, immunological, gastrointestinal, hematological, vascular or collagen disease 7. History of alcohol abuse or use of any illicit drugs 8. Unable to abstain from more than one beer or alcohol equivalent per day for the duration of the study 9. Use of tobacco products and/or history of smoking within the past 2 months 10. Pregnant or breast feeding 11. Sexually active women of childbearing age who do not use an acceptable barrier method of birth control 12. Hypersensitivity to caffeine, warfarin, vitamin K, omeprazole, dextromethorphan, midazolam, tipranavir, ritonavir or their excipients 13. Concomitant treatment with other experimental compounds 14. Concomitant administration of any prescription or over the counter medications known to alter P450 enzyme or P-gp activity 15. Concomitant administration of any prescription or over the counter medications known to be highly dependent on P450 or P-gp for clearance for which elevated plasma concentrations are known to be associated with serious toxicity 16. Concomitant administration of any food product known to alter P450 enzyme or P-gp activity such as grapefruit juice, Seville oranges 17. Concomitant administration of any drug that could affect bleeding (e.g., aspirin, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, warfarin, heparin, low-molecular weight heparin) 18. Concomitant administration of oral contraceptives (may be included with 7-day washout period) 19. Concomitant administration of any herbal medications 20. Inadequate venous access 21. Renal or hepatic insufficiency 22. Clinically unacceptable result at the screening physical examination 23. Use of investigational medications within 30 days before study entry 24. HIV-positive 25. Body Mass Index (BMI) > 30 kg/m² Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Value", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Observation", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "I-Qualifier", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "B-Observation", "O", "B-Observation", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Observation", "I-Observation", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "B-Person", "O", "B-Value", "B-Person", "O", "O", "B-Negation", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Device", "I-Device", "I-Device", "I-Device", "I-Device", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "I-Drug", "I-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Device", "I-Device", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "I-Condition", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "O", "B-Value", "O", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O" ]

1. History or presence of allergy to the study drugs or their components or drugs of their class, or a history of drug or other allergy that, in the opinion of the physician responsible, contraindicates their participation 2. Any finding of the medical examination (including blood pressure, pulse rate and electrocardiogram) deviating from normal and of clinical relevance 3. History or diagnosis of any significant medical conditions: Including but not limited to gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, immunologic, hematological, psychiatric, neurological, oncological or hormonal disorders 4. Known elevated liver enzymes in past clinical trials with any compound (experimental or marketed) 5. Clinically relevant laboratory abnormalities (e.g. Hgb<11g/dL, Hct<30g/dL, total cholesterol >240mg/dL, triglycerides >500mg/dL, fasting glucose >130mg/dL, liver function tests >2.5x upper limit of normal, baseline international normalized ratio >1.2) 6. History of evidence of clinically significant hepatic, cardiac, pulmonary, endocrine, immunological, gastrointestinal, hematological, vascular or collagen disease 7. History of alcohol abuse or use of any illicit drugs 8. Unable to abstain from more than one beer or alcohol equivalent per day for the duration of the study 9. Use of tobacco products and/or history of smoking within the past 2 months 10. Pregnant or breast feeding 11. Sexually active women of childbearing age who do not use an acceptable barrier method of birth control 12. Hypersensitivity to caffeine, warfarin, vitamin K, omeprazole, dextromethorphan, midazolam, tipranavir, ritonavir or their excipients 13. Concomitant treatment with other experimental compounds 14. Concomitant administration of any prescription or over the counter medications known to alter P450 enzyme or P-gp activity 15. Concomitant administration of any prescription or over the counter medications known to be highly dependent on P450 or P-gp for clearance for which elevated plasma concentrations are known to be associated with serious toxicity 16. Concomitant administration of any food product known to alter P450 enzyme or P-gp activity such as grapefruit juice, Seville oranges 17. Concomitant administration of any drug that could affect bleeding (e.g., aspirin, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, warfarin, heparin, low-molecular weight heparin) 18. Concomitant administration of oral contraceptives (may be included with 7-day washout period) 19. Concomitant administration of any herbal medications 20. Inadequate venous access 21. Renal or hepatic insufficiency 22. Clinically unacceptable result at the screening physical examination 23. Use of investigational medications within 30 days before study entry 24. HIV-positive 25. Body Mass Index (BMI) > 30 kg/m²

[ "1", ".", "History", "or", "presence", "of", "allergy", "to", "the", "study", "drugs", "or", "their", "components", "or", "drugs", "of", "their", "class", ",", "or", "a", "history", "of", "drug", "or", "other", "allergy", "that", ",", "in", "the", "opinion", "of", "the", "physician", "responsible", ",", "contraindicates", "their", "participation", "\n", "2", ".", "Any", "finding", "of", "the", "medical", "examination", "(", "including", "blood", "pressure", ",", "pulse", "rate", "and", "electrocardiogram", ")", "deviating", "from", "normal", "and", "of", "clinical", "relevance", "\n", "3", ".", "History", "or", "diagnosis", "of", "any", "significant", "medical", "conditions", ":", "Including", "but", "not", "limited", "to", "gastrointestinal", ",", "hepatic", ",", "renal", ",", "respiratory", ",", "cardiovascular", ",", "metabolic", ",", "immunologic", ",", "hematological", ",", "psychiatric", ",", "neurological", ",", "oncological", "or", "hormonal", "disorders", "\n", "4", ".", "Known", "elevated", "liver", "enzymes", "in", "past", "clinical", "trials", "with", "any", "compound", "(", "experimental", "or", "marketed", ")", "\n", "5", ".", "Clinically", "relevant", "laboratory", "abnormalities", "(", "e.g", ".", "Hgb<11g", "/", "dL", ",", "Hct<30g", "/", "dL", ",", "total", "cholesterol", ">", "240mg", "/", "dL", ",", "triglycerides", ">", "500mg", "/", "dL", ",", "fasting", "glucose", ">", "130mg", "/", "dL", ",", "liver", "function", "tests", ">", "2.5x", "upper", "limit", "of", "normal", ",", "baseline", "international", "normalized", "ratio", ">", "1.2", ")", "\n", "6", ".", "History", "of", "evidence", "of", "clinically", "significant", "hepatic", ",", "cardiac", ",", "pulmonary", ",", "endocrine", ",", "immunological", ",", "gastrointestinal", ",", "hematological", ",", "vascular", "or", "collagen", "disease", "\n", "7", ".", "History", "of", "alcohol", "abuse", "or", "use", "of", "any", "illicit", "drugs", "\n", "8", ".", "Unable", "to", "abstain", "from", "more", "than", "one", "beer", "or", "alcohol", "equivalent", "per", "day", "for", "the", "duration", "of", "the", "study", "\n", "9", ".", "Use", "of", "tobacco", "products", "and", "/", "or", "history", "of", "smoking", "within", "the", "past", "2", "months", "\n", "10", ".", "Pregnant", "or", "breast", "feeding", "\n", "11", ".", "Sexually", "active", "women", "of", "childbearing", "age", "who", "do", "not", "use", "an", "acceptable", "barrier", "method", "of", "birth", "control", "\n", "12", ".", "Hypersensitivity", "to", "caffeine", ",", "warfarin", ",", "vitamin", "K", ",", "omeprazole", ",", "dextromethorphan", ",", "midazolam", ",", "tipranavir", ",", "ritonavir", "or", "their", "excipients", "\n", "13", ".", "Concomitant", "treatment", "with", "other", "experimental", "compounds", "\n", "14", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "prescription", "or", "over", "the", "counter", "medications", "known", "to", "alter", "P450", "enzyme", "or", "P", "-", "gp", "activity", "\n", "15", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "prescription", "or", "over", "the", "counter", "medications", "known", "to", "be", "highly", "dependent", "on", "P450", "or", "P", "-", "gp", "for", "clearance", "for", "which", "elevated", "plasma", "concentrations", "are", "known", "to", "be", "associated", "with", "serious", "toxicity", "\n", "16", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "food", "product", "known", "to", "alter", "P450", "enzyme", "or", "P", "-", "gp", "activity", "such", "as", "grapefruit", "juice", ",", "Seville", "oranges", "\n", "17", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "drug", "that", "could", "affect", "bleeding", "(", "e.g", ".", ",", "aspirin", ",", "clopidogrel", ",", "ticlopidine", ",", "warfarin", ",", "heparin", ",", "low", "-", "molecular", "weight", "heparin", ")", "\n", "18", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "oral", "contraceptives", "(", "may", "be", "included", "with", "7-day", "washout", "period", ")", "\n", "19", ".", "Concomitant", "administration", "of", "any", "herbal", "medications", "\n", "20", ".", "Inadequate", "venous", "access", "\n", "21", ".", "Renal", "or", "hepatic", "insufficiency", "\n", "22", ".", "Clinically", "unacceptable", "result", "at", "the", "screening", "physical", "examination", "\n", "23", ".", "Use", "of", "investigational", "medications", "within", "30", "days", "before", "study", "entry", "\n", "24", ".", "HIV", "-", "positive", "\n", "25", ".", "Body", "Mass", "Index", "(", "BMI", ")", ">", "30", "kg", "/", "m²", " \n \n" ]

[ "Scope", "Drug", "Temporal", "Reference_point", "Device", "Condition", "Measurement", "Value", "Qualifier", "Procedure", "Observation", "Person", "Negation" ]

Src is a protein, Abl is a protein, Cbl is a protein, Abl is a protein, Cbl is a protein, Abl is a protein

1.0alpha7.train.804_task0

Sentence: Because Src does not bind to Abl (not shown), its binding to Cbl in the presence of Abl could be explained by a modification of Cbl conformation induced by its binding to Abl. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: protein

[ "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O" ]

Because Src does not bind to Abl (not shown), its binding to Cbl in the presence of Abl could be explained by a modification of Cbl conformation induced by its binding to Abl.

[ "Because", " ", "Src", "does", "not", "bind", "to", " ", "Abl", "(", "not", "shown", ")", ",", "its", "binding", "to", " ", "Cbl", "in", "the", "presence", "of", " ", "Abl", "could", "be", "explained", "by", "a", "modification", "of", " ", "Cbl", "conformation", "induced", "by", "its", "binding", "to", " ", "Abl", "." ]

[ "protein" ]

Src is a protein, Abl is a protein, Cbl is a protein, Abl is a protein, Cbl is a protein, Abl is a protein

1.0alpha7.train.804_task1

Sentence: Because Src does not bind to Abl (not shown), its binding to Cbl in the presence of Abl could be explained by a modification of Cbl conformation induced by its binding to Abl. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Src, Abl, Cbl, Abl, Cbl, Abl Options: protein

[ "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O" ]

Because Src does not bind to Abl (not shown), its binding to Cbl in the presence of Abl could be explained by a modification of Cbl conformation induced by its binding to Abl.

[ "Because", " ", "Src", "does", "not", "bind", "to", " ", "Abl", "(", "not", "shown", ")", ",", "its", "binding", "to", " ", "Cbl", "in", "the", "presence", "of", " ", "Abl", "could", "be", "explained", "by", "a", "modification", "of", " ", "Cbl", "conformation", "induced", "by", "its", "binding", "to", " ", "Abl", "." ]

[ "protein" ]

Src, Abl, Cbl, Abl, Cbl, Abl

1.0alpha7.train.804_task2

Sentence: Because Src does not bind to Abl (not shown), its binding to Cbl in the presence of Abl could be explained by a modification of Cbl conformation induced by its binding to Abl. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O" ]

Because Src does not bind to Abl (not shown), its binding to Cbl in the presence of Abl could be explained by a modification of Cbl conformation induced by its binding to Abl.

[ "Because", " ", "Src", "does", "not", "bind", "to", " ", "Abl", "(", "not", "shown", ")", ",", "its", "binding", "to", " ", "Cbl", "in", "the", "presence", "of", " ", "Abl", "could", "be", "explained", "by", "a", "modification", "of", " ", "Cbl", "conformation", "induced", "by", "its", "binding", "to", " ", "Abl", "." ]

[ "protein" ]

tumors is an umlsterm, neoplasias is an umlsterm, diagnosis is an umlsterm, classification is an umlsterm, behavior is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, operation is an umlsterm, Surgery is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, tumors is an umlsterm, stomach is an umlsterm, tumors is an umlsterm, tumor is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, liver is an umlsterm, metastasis is an umlsterm, tumor is an umlsterm, metastases is an umlsterm, Lymphadenectomy is an umlsterm, lymph node is an umlsterm, metastases is an umlsterm, evaluation is an umlsterm, guidelines is an umlsterm, Riddell is an umlsterm, therapy is an umlsterm, surgical is an umlsterm, tumor is an umlsterm, metastases is an umlsterm, Adjuvant is an umlsterm, chemotherapy is an umlsterm

DerChirurg.90700807.eng.abstr_task0

Sentence: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( GIST ) , which form a rare group of neoplasias of the gastrointestinal tract , have not yet been fully investigated . Although good progress has been made in their diagnosis , classification of these lesions with regard to their histogenesis and biological behavior remains problematic . Between 1994 and 1998 , 18 GIST patients underwere operation in the Department of Surgery . Twelve of these patients ( 67 % ) had stromal tumors in the stomach , and six ( 33 % ) had intestinal stromal tumors . The primary tumor could be removed in all patients with R0 resection . Six patients developed hematogenous liver metastasis , with the size of their primary tumor exceeding 10 cm . Extrahepatic distant metastases were not found in any case . Lymphadenectomy showed that lymph node metastases did not occur . Histological evaluation was made according to the guidelines of Lewin , Weinstein and Riddell . Currently established therapy is limited to complete surgical resection of the primary tumor and its metastases . Adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy approaches have failed . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( GIST ) , which form a rare group of neoplasias of the gastrointestinal tract , have not yet been fully investigated . Although good progress has been made in their diagnosis , classification of these lesions with regard to their histogenesis and biological behavior remains problematic . Between 1994 and 1998 , 18 GIST patients underwere operation in the Department of Surgery . Twelve of these patients ( 67 % ) had stromal tumors in the stomach , and six ( 33 % ) had intestinal stromal tumors . The primary tumor could be removed in all patients with R0 resection . Six patients developed hematogenous liver metastasis , with the size of their primary tumor exceeding 10 cm . Extrahepatic distant metastases were not found in any case . Lymphadenectomy showed that lymph node metastases did not occur . Histological evaluation was made according to the guidelines of Lewin , Weinstein and Riddell . Currently established therapy is limited to complete surgical resection of the primary tumor and its metastases . Adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy approaches have failed .

[ "Gastrointestinal", "stromal", "tumors", "(", "GIST", ")", ",", "which", "form", "a", "rare", "group", "of", "neoplasias", "of", "the", "gastrointestinal", "tract", ",", "have", "not", "yet", "been", "fully", "investigated", ".", "Although", "good", "progress", "has", "been", "made", "in", "their", "diagnosis", ",", "classification", "of", "these", "lesions", "with", "regard", "to", "their", "histogenesis", "and", "biological", "behavior", "remains", "problematic", ".", "Between", "1994", "and", "1998", ",", "18", "GIST", "patients", "underwere", "operation", "in", "the", "Department", "of", "Surgery", ".", "Twelve", "of", "these", "patients", "(", "67", "%", ")", "had", "stromal", "tumors", "in", "the", "stomach", ",", "and", "six", "(", "33", "%", ")", "had", "intestinal", "stromal", "tumors", ".", "The", "primary", "tumor", "could", "be", "removed", "in", "all", "patients", "with", "R0", "resection", ".", "Six", "patients", "developed", "hematogenous", "liver", "metastasis", ",", "with", "the", "size", "of", "their", "primary", "tumor", "exceeding", "10", "cm", ".", "Extrahepatic", "distant", "metastases", "were", "not", "found", "in", "any", "case", ".", "Lymphadenectomy", "showed", "that", "lymph", "node", "metastases", "did", "not", "occur", ".", "Histological", "evaluation", "was", "made", "according", "to", "the", "guidelines", "of", "Lewin", ",", "Weinstein", "and", "Riddell", ".", "Currently", "established", "therapy", "is", "limited", "to", "complete", "surgical", "resection", "of", "the", "primary", "tumor", "and", "its", "metastases", ".", "Adjuvant", "or", "neoadjuvant", "chemotherapy", "approaches", "have", "failed", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

tumors is an umlsterm, neoplasias is an umlsterm, diagnosis is an umlsterm, classification is an umlsterm, behavior is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, operation is an umlsterm, Surgery is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, tumors is an umlsterm, stomach is an umlsterm, tumors is an umlsterm, tumor is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, liver is an umlsterm, metastasis is an umlsterm, tumor is an umlsterm, metastases is an umlsterm, Lymphadenectomy is an umlsterm, lymph node is an umlsterm, metastases is an umlsterm, evaluation is an umlsterm, guidelines is an umlsterm, Riddell is an umlsterm, therapy is an umlsterm, surgical is an umlsterm, tumor is an umlsterm, metastases is an umlsterm, Adjuvant is an umlsterm, chemotherapy is an umlsterm

DerChirurg.90700807.eng.abstr_task1

Sentence: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( GIST ) , which form a rare group of neoplasias of the gastrointestinal tract , have not yet been fully investigated . Although good progress has been made in their diagnosis , classification of these lesions with regard to their histogenesis and biological behavior remains problematic . Between 1994 and 1998 , 18 GIST patients underwere operation in the Department of Surgery . Twelve of these patients ( 67 % ) had stromal tumors in the stomach , and six ( 33 % ) had intestinal stromal tumors . The primary tumor could be removed in all patients with R0 resection . Six patients developed hematogenous liver metastasis , with the size of their primary tumor exceeding 10 cm . Extrahepatic distant metastases were not found in any case . Lymphadenectomy showed that lymph node metastases did not occur . Histological evaluation was made according to the guidelines of Lewin , Weinstein and Riddell . Currently established therapy is limited to complete surgical resection of the primary tumor and its metastases . Adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy approaches have failed . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: tumors, neoplasias, diagnosis, classification, behavior, patients, operation, Surgery, patients, tumors, stomach, tumors, tumor, patients, patients, liver, metastasis, tumor, metastases, Lymphadenectomy, lymph node, metastases, evaluation, guidelines, Riddell, therapy, surgical, tumor, metastases, Adjuvant, chemotherapy Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( GIST ) , which form a rare group of neoplasias of the gastrointestinal tract , have not yet been fully investigated . Although good progress has been made in their diagnosis , classification of these lesions with regard to their histogenesis and biological behavior remains problematic . Between 1994 and 1998 , 18 GIST patients underwere operation in the Department of Surgery . Twelve of these patients ( 67 % ) had stromal tumors in the stomach , and six ( 33 % ) had intestinal stromal tumors . The primary tumor could be removed in all patients with R0 resection . Six patients developed hematogenous liver metastasis , with the size of their primary tumor exceeding 10 cm . Extrahepatic distant metastases were not found in any case . Lymphadenectomy showed that lymph node metastases did not occur . Histological evaluation was made according to the guidelines of Lewin , Weinstein and Riddell . Currently established therapy is limited to complete surgical resection of the primary tumor and its metastases . Adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy approaches have failed .

[ "Gastrointestinal", "stromal", "tumors", "(", "GIST", ")", ",", "which", "form", "a", "rare", "group", "of", "neoplasias", "of", "the", "gastrointestinal", "tract", ",", "have", "not", "yet", "been", "fully", "investigated", ".", "Although", "good", "progress", "has", "been", "made", "in", "their", "diagnosis", ",", "classification", "of", "these", "lesions", "with", "regard", "to", "their", "histogenesis", "and", "biological", "behavior", "remains", "problematic", ".", "Between", "1994", "and", "1998", ",", "18", "GIST", "patients", "underwere", "operation", "in", "the", "Department", "of", "Surgery", ".", "Twelve", "of", "these", "patients", "(", "67", "%", ")", "had", "stromal", "tumors", "in", "the", "stomach", ",", "and", "six", "(", "33", "%", ")", "had", "intestinal", "stromal", "tumors", ".", "The", "primary", "tumor", "could", "be", "removed", "in", "all", "patients", "with", "R0", "resection", ".", "Six", "patients", "developed", "hematogenous", "liver", "metastasis", ",", "with", "the", "size", "of", "their", "primary", "tumor", "exceeding", "10", "cm", ".", "Extrahepatic", "distant", "metastases", "were", "not", "found", "in", "any", "case", ".", "Lymphadenectomy", "showed", "that", "lymph", "node", "metastases", "did", "not", "occur", ".", "Histological", "evaluation", "was", "made", "according", "to", "the", "guidelines", "of", "Lewin", ",", "Weinstein", "and", "Riddell", ".", "Currently", "established", "therapy", "is", "limited", "to", "complete", "surgical", "resection", "of", "the", "primary", "tumor", "and", "its", "metastases", ".", "Adjuvant", "or", "neoadjuvant", "chemotherapy", "approaches", "have", "failed", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

tumors, neoplasias, diagnosis, classification, behavior, patients, operation, Surgery, patients, tumors, stomach, tumors, tumor, patients, patients, liver, metastasis, tumor, metastases, Lymphadenectomy, lymph node, metastases, evaluation, guidelines, Riddell, therapy, surgical, tumor, metastases, Adjuvant, chemotherapy

DerChirurg.90700807.eng.abstr_task2

Sentence: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( GIST ) , which form a rare group of neoplasias of the gastrointestinal tract , have not yet been fully investigated . Although good progress has been made in their diagnosis , classification of these lesions with regard to their histogenesis and biological behavior remains problematic . Between 1994 and 1998 , 18 GIST patients underwere operation in the Department of Surgery . Twelve of these patients ( 67 % ) had stromal tumors in the stomach , and six ( 33 % ) had intestinal stromal tumors . The primary tumor could be removed in all patients with R0 resection . Six patients developed hematogenous liver metastasis , with the size of their primary tumor exceeding 10 cm . Extrahepatic distant metastases were not found in any case . Lymphadenectomy showed that lymph node metastases did not occur . Histological evaluation was made according to the guidelines of Lewin , Weinstein and Riddell . Currently established therapy is limited to complete surgical resection of the primary tumor and its metastases . Adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy approaches have failed . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( GIST ) , which form a rare group of neoplasias of the gastrointestinal tract , have not yet been fully investigated . Although good progress has been made in their diagnosis , classification of these lesions with regard to their histogenesis and biological behavior remains problematic . Between 1994 and 1998 , 18 GIST patients underwere operation in the Department of Surgery . Twelve of these patients ( 67 % ) had stromal tumors in the stomach , and six ( 33 % ) had intestinal stromal tumors . The primary tumor could be removed in all patients with R0 resection . Six patients developed hematogenous liver metastasis , with the size of their primary tumor exceeding 10 cm . Extrahepatic distant metastases were not found in any case . Lymphadenectomy showed that lymph node metastases did not occur . Histological evaluation was made according to the guidelines of Lewin , Weinstein and Riddell . Currently established therapy is limited to complete surgical resection of the primary tumor and its metastases . Adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy approaches have failed .

[ "Gastrointestinal", "stromal", "tumors", "(", "GIST", ")", ",", "which", "form", "a", "rare", "group", "of", "neoplasias", "of", "the", "gastrointestinal", "tract", ",", "have", "not", "yet", "been", "fully", "investigated", ".", "Although", "good", "progress", "has", "been", "made", "in", "their", "diagnosis", ",", "classification", "of", "these", "lesions", "with", "regard", "to", "their", "histogenesis", "and", "biological", "behavior", "remains", "problematic", ".", "Between", "1994", "and", "1998", ",", "18", "GIST", "patients", "underwere", "operation", "in", "the", "Department", "of", "Surgery", ".", "Twelve", "of", "these", "patients", "(", "67", "%", ")", "had", "stromal", "tumors", "in", "the", "stomach", ",", "and", "six", "(", "33", "%", ")", "had", "intestinal", "stromal", "tumors", ".", "The", "primary", "tumor", "could", "be", "removed", "in", "all", "patients", "with", "R0", "resection", ".", "Six", "patients", "developed", "hematogenous", "liver", "metastasis", ",", "with", "the", "size", "of", "their", "primary", "tumor", "exceeding", "10", "cm", ".", "Extrahepatic", "distant", "metastases", "were", "not", "found", "in", "any", "case", ".", "Lymphadenectomy", "showed", "that", "lymph", "node", "metastases", "did", "not", "occur", ".", "Histological", "evaluation", "was", "made", "according", "to", "the", "guidelines", "of", "Lewin", ",", "Weinstein", "and", "Riddell", ".", "Currently", "established", "therapy", "is", "limited", "to", "complete", "surgical", "resection", "of", "the", "primary", "tumor", "and", "its", "metastases", ".", "Adjuvant", "or", "neoadjuvant", "chemotherapy", "approaches", "have", "failed", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

cytokine expression is an other_name, leukocytes is a cell_type, thrombin - stimulated platelets is a cell_type

61850_task0

Sentence: Induction of cytokine expression in leukocytes by binding of thrombin-stimulated platelets. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: cell_type, other_name

[ "O", "O", "B-other_name", "I-other_name", "O", "B-cell_type", "O", "O", "O", "B-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "O" ]

Induction of cytokine expression in leukocytes by binding of thrombin-stimulated platelets.

[ "Induction", "of", "cytokine", "expression", "in", "leukocytes", "by", "binding", "of", "thrombin", "-", "stimulated", "platelets", "." ]

[ "other_name", "protein_molecule", "cell_type", "tissue", "protein_complex", "protein_family_or_group", "multi_cell" ]

cytokine expression is an other_name, leukocytes is a cell_type, thrombin - stimulated platelets is a cell_type

61850_task1

Sentence: Induction of cytokine expression in leukocytes by binding of thrombin-stimulated platelets. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: cytokine expression, leukocytes, thrombin - stimulated platelets Options: cell_type, other_name

[ "O", "O", "B-other_name", "I-other_name", "O", "B-cell_type", "O", "O", "O", "B-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "O" ]

Induction of cytokine expression in leukocytes by binding of thrombin-stimulated platelets.

[ "Induction", "of", "cytokine", "expression", "in", "leukocytes", "by", "binding", "of", "thrombin", "-", "stimulated", "platelets", "." ]

[ "other_name", "protein_molecule", "cell_type", "tissue", "protein_complex", "protein_family_or_group", "multi_cell" ]

cytokine expression, leukocytes, thrombin - stimulated platelets

61850_task2

Sentence: Induction of cytokine expression in leukocytes by binding of thrombin-stimulated platelets. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "B-other_name", "I-other_name", "O", "B-cell_type", "O", "O", "O", "B-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "O" ]

Induction of cytokine expression in leukocytes by binding of thrombin-stimulated platelets.

[ "Induction", "of", "cytokine", "expression", "in", "leukocytes", "by", "binding", "of", "thrombin", "-", "stimulated", "platelets", "." ]

[ "other_name", "protein_molecule", "cell_type", "tissue", "protein_complex", "protein_family_or_group", "multi_cell" ]

patients is an umlsterm, male is an umlsterm, female is an umlsterm, fractures is an umlsterm, pelvis is an umlsterm, trochanter is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, direct is an umlsterm, trauma is an umlsterm, age is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, sports activities is an umlsterm, anterior is an umlsterm, spine is an umlsterm, fractures is an umlsterm, trochanter is an umlsterm, anterior is an umlsterm, spine is an umlsterm, crest is an umlsterm, diagnosis is an umlsterm, x - ray films is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, pain is an umlsterm, sport activities is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, time is an umlsterm, accident is an umlsterm, pain is an umlsterm, fracture is an umlsterm, sport is an umlsterm, clinical examination is an umlsterm, patient is an umlsterm, range of motion is an umlsterm, joints is an umlsterm, x - rays is an umlsterm, dislocation is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm

DerUnfallchirurg.01030961.eng.abstr_task0

Sentence: From 1978 to 1999 , 22 patients ( 17 male , 5 female ) who suffered apophyseal fractures of the pelvis and femoral lesser trochanter ( 18 patients by avulsion , 4 patients by direct trauma ) were treated . The median age of the patients was 12.5 years ( range , 1-16 years ) . Eighteen patients were injured during sports activities . Predominantly the anterior inferior iliac spine ( n=9) was affected , followed by fractures of the femoral lesser trochanter ( n=3), periacetabular rim ( n=3), anterior superior iliac spine ( n=2), and iliac crest ( n=2), retrospectively . The diagnosis was established using plain x-ray films . The treatment was conservative in 21 patients ( 95% ) and operative in one ( 5% ) . Of the patients , 20 ( 91% ) were followed-up for a median interval of 12 months ( 3 weeks to 84 months ) . At follow-up , 15 patients ( 75% ) reported that they were free of pain during sport activities , while five patients ( 25% ) , at an average time of 33 months after accident , complained of pain at the former fracture site when exercising vigorously during sport . At clinical examination no patient was found suffering from limitation of ROM ( range of motion ) , adjacent joints , or muscular insufficiency . Plain x-rays of affected apophyses confirmed good consolidation and dislocation of not more than 3 cm in all patients . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]

From 1978 to 1999 , 22 patients ( 17 male , 5 female ) who suffered apophyseal fractures of the pelvis and femoral lesser trochanter ( 18 patients by avulsion , 4 patients by direct trauma ) were treated . The median age of the patients was 12.5 years ( range , 1-16 years ) . Eighteen patients were injured during sports activities . Predominantly the anterior inferior iliac spine ( n=9) was affected , followed by fractures of the femoral lesser trochanter ( n=3), periacetabular rim ( n=3), anterior superior iliac spine ( n=2), and iliac crest ( n=2), retrospectively . The diagnosis was established using plain x-ray films . The treatment was conservative in 21 patients ( 95% ) and operative in one ( 5% ) . Of the patients , 20 ( 91% ) were followed-up for a median interval of 12 months ( 3 weeks to 84 months ) . At follow-up , 15 patients ( 75% ) reported that they were free of pain during sport activities , while five patients ( 25% ) , at an average time of 33 months after accident , complained of pain at the former fracture site when exercising vigorously during sport . At clinical examination no patient was found suffering from limitation of ROM ( range of motion ) , adjacent joints , or muscular insufficiency . Plain x-rays of affected apophyses confirmed good consolidation and dislocation of not more than 3 cm in all patients .

[ "From", "1978", "to", "1999", ",", "22", "patients", "(", "17", "male", ",", "5", "female", ")", "who", "suffered", "apophyseal", "fractures", "of", "the", "pelvis", "and", "femoral", "lesser", "trochanter", "(", "18", "patients", "by", "avulsion", ",", "4", "patients", "by", "direct", "trauma", ")", "were", "treated", ".", "The", "median", "age", "of", "the", "patients", "was", "12.5", "years", "(", "range", ",", "1", "-", "16", "years", ")", ".", "Eighteen", "patients", "were", "injured", "during", "sports", "activities", ".", "Predominantly", "the", "anterior", "inferior", "iliac", "spine", "(", "n=9", ")", "was", "affected", ",", "followed", "by", "fractures", "of", "the", "femoral", "lesser", "trochanter", "(", "n=3", ")", ",", "periacetabular", "rim", "(", "n=3", ")", ",", "anterior", "superior", "iliac", "spine", "(", "n=2", ")", ",", "and", "iliac", "crest", "(", "n=2", ")", ",", "retrospectively", ".", "The", "diagnosis", "was", "established", "using", "plain", "x", "-", "ray", "films", ".", "The", "treatment", "was", "conservative", "in", "21", "patients", "(", "95", "%", ")", "and", "operative", "in", "one", "(", "5", "%", ")", ".", "Of", "the", "patients", ",", "20", "(", "91", "%", ")", "were", "followed", "-", "up", "for", "a", "median", "interval", "of", "12", "months", "(", "3", "weeks", "to", "84", "months", ")", ".", "At", "follow", "-", "up", ",", "15", "patients", "(", "75", "%", ")", "reported", "that", "they", "were", "free", "of", "pain", "during", "sport", "activities", ",", "while", "five", "patients", "(", "25", "%", ")", ",", "at", "an", "average", "time", "of", "33", "months", "after", "accident", ",", "complained", "of", "pain", "at", "the", "former", "fracture", "site", "when", "exercising", "vigorously", "during", "sport", ".", "At", "clinical", "examination", "no", "patient", "was", "found", "suffering", "from", "limitation", "of", "ROM", "(", "range", "of", "motion", ")", ",", "adjacent", "joints", ",", "or", "muscular", "insufficiency", ".", "Plain", "x", "-", "rays", "of", "affected", "apophyses", "confirmed", "good", "consolidation", "and", "dislocation", "of", "not", "more", "than", "3", "cm", "in", "all", "patients", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

patients is an umlsterm, male is an umlsterm, female is an umlsterm, fractures is an umlsterm, pelvis is an umlsterm, trochanter is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, direct is an umlsterm, trauma is an umlsterm, age is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, sports activities is an umlsterm, anterior is an umlsterm, spine is an umlsterm, fractures is an umlsterm, trochanter is an umlsterm, anterior is an umlsterm, spine is an umlsterm, crest is an umlsterm, diagnosis is an umlsterm, x - ray films is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, pain is an umlsterm, sport activities is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, time is an umlsterm, accident is an umlsterm, pain is an umlsterm, fracture is an umlsterm, sport is an umlsterm, clinical examination is an umlsterm, patient is an umlsterm, range of motion is an umlsterm, joints is an umlsterm, x - rays is an umlsterm, dislocation is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm

DerUnfallchirurg.01030961.eng.abstr_task1

Sentence: From 1978 to 1999 , 22 patients ( 17 male , 5 female ) who suffered apophyseal fractures of the pelvis and femoral lesser trochanter ( 18 patients by avulsion , 4 patients by direct trauma ) were treated . The median age of the patients was 12.5 years ( range , 1-16 years ) . Eighteen patients were injured during sports activities . Predominantly the anterior inferior iliac spine ( n=9) was affected , followed by fractures of the femoral lesser trochanter ( n=3), periacetabular rim ( n=3), anterior superior iliac spine ( n=2), and iliac crest ( n=2), retrospectively . The diagnosis was established using plain x-ray films . The treatment was conservative in 21 patients ( 95% ) and operative in one ( 5% ) . Of the patients , 20 ( 91% ) were followed-up for a median interval of 12 months ( 3 weeks to 84 months ) . At follow-up , 15 patients ( 75% ) reported that they were free of pain during sport activities , while five patients ( 25% ) , at an average time of 33 months after accident , complained of pain at the former fracture site when exercising vigorously during sport . At clinical examination no patient was found suffering from limitation of ROM ( range of motion ) , adjacent joints , or muscular insufficiency . Plain x-rays of affected apophyses confirmed good consolidation and dislocation of not more than 3 cm in all patients . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: patients, male, female, fractures, pelvis, trochanter, patients, patients, direct, trauma, age, patients, patients, sports activities, anterior, spine, fractures, trochanter, anterior, spine, crest, diagnosis, x - ray films, treatment, patients, patients, patients, pain, sport activities, patients, time, accident, pain, fracture, sport, clinical examination, patient, range of motion, joints, x - rays, dislocation, patients Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]

From 1978 to 1999 , 22 patients ( 17 male , 5 female ) who suffered apophyseal fractures of the pelvis and femoral lesser trochanter ( 18 patients by avulsion , 4 patients by direct trauma ) were treated . The median age of the patients was 12.5 years ( range , 1-16 years ) . Eighteen patients were injured during sports activities . Predominantly the anterior inferior iliac spine ( n=9) was affected , followed by fractures of the femoral lesser trochanter ( n=3), periacetabular rim ( n=3), anterior superior iliac spine ( n=2), and iliac crest ( n=2), retrospectively . The diagnosis was established using plain x-ray films . The treatment was conservative in 21 patients ( 95% ) and operative in one ( 5% ) . Of the patients , 20 ( 91% ) were followed-up for a median interval of 12 months ( 3 weeks to 84 months ) . At follow-up , 15 patients ( 75% ) reported that they were free of pain during sport activities , while five patients ( 25% ) , at an average time of 33 months after accident , complained of pain at the former fracture site when exercising vigorously during sport . At clinical examination no patient was found suffering from limitation of ROM ( range of motion ) , adjacent joints , or muscular insufficiency . Plain x-rays of affected apophyses confirmed good consolidation and dislocation of not more than 3 cm in all patients .

[ "From", "1978", "to", "1999", ",", "22", "patients", "(", "17", "male", ",", "5", "female", ")", "who", "suffered", "apophyseal", "fractures", "of", "the", "pelvis", "and", "femoral", "lesser", "trochanter", "(", "18", "patients", "by", "avulsion", ",", "4", "patients", "by", "direct", "trauma", ")", "were", "treated", ".", "The", "median", "age", "of", "the", "patients", "was", "12.5", "years", "(", "range", ",", "1", "-", "16", "years", ")", ".", "Eighteen", "patients", "were", "injured", "during", "sports", "activities", ".", "Predominantly", "the", "anterior", "inferior", "iliac", "spine", "(", "n=9", ")", "was", "affected", ",", "followed", "by", "fractures", "of", "the", "femoral", "lesser", "trochanter", "(", "n=3", ")", ",", "periacetabular", "rim", "(", "n=3", ")", ",", "anterior", "superior", "iliac", "spine", "(", "n=2", ")", ",", "and", "iliac", "crest", "(", "n=2", ")", ",", "retrospectively", ".", "The", "diagnosis", "was", "established", "using", "plain", "x", "-", "ray", "films", ".", "The", "treatment", "was", "conservative", "in", "21", "patients", "(", "95", "%", ")", "and", "operative", "in", "one", "(", "5", "%", ")", ".", "Of", "the", "patients", ",", "20", "(", "91", "%", ")", "were", "followed", "-", "up", "for", "a", "median", "interval", "of", "12", "months", "(", "3", "weeks", "to", "84", "months", ")", ".", "At", "follow", "-", "up", ",", "15", "patients", "(", "75", "%", ")", "reported", "that", "they", "were", "free", "of", "pain", "during", "sport", "activities", ",", "while", "five", "patients", "(", "25", "%", ")", ",", "at", "an", "average", "time", "of", "33", "months", "after", "accident", ",", "complained", "of", "pain", "at", "the", "former", "fracture", "site", "when", "exercising", "vigorously", "during", "sport", ".", "At", "clinical", "examination", "no", "patient", "was", "found", "suffering", "from", "limitation", "of", "ROM", "(", "range", "of", "motion", ")", ",", "adjacent", "joints", ",", "or", "muscular", "insufficiency", ".", "Plain", "x", "-", "rays", "of", "affected", "apophyses", "confirmed", "good", "consolidation", "and", "dislocation", "of", "not", "more", "than", "3", "cm", "in", "all", "patients", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

patients, male, female, fractures, pelvis, trochanter, patients, patients, direct, trauma, age, patients, patients, sports activities, anterior, spine, fractures, trochanter, anterior, spine, crest, diagnosis, x - ray films, treatment, patients, patients, patients, pain, sport activities, patients, time, accident, pain, fracture, sport, clinical examination, patient, range of motion, joints, x - rays, dislocation, patients

DerUnfallchirurg.01030961.eng.abstr_task2

Sentence: From 1978 to 1999 , 22 patients ( 17 male , 5 female ) who suffered apophyseal fractures of the pelvis and femoral lesser trochanter ( 18 patients by avulsion , 4 patients by direct trauma ) were treated . The median age of the patients was 12.5 years ( range , 1-16 years ) . Eighteen patients were injured during sports activities . Predominantly the anterior inferior iliac spine ( n=9) was affected , followed by fractures of the femoral lesser trochanter ( n=3), periacetabular rim ( n=3), anterior superior iliac spine ( n=2), and iliac crest ( n=2), retrospectively . The diagnosis was established using plain x-ray films . The treatment was conservative in 21 patients ( 95% ) and operative in one ( 5% ) . Of the patients , 20 ( 91% ) were followed-up for a median interval of 12 months ( 3 weeks to 84 months ) . At follow-up , 15 patients ( 75% ) reported that they were free of pain during sport activities , while five patients ( 25% ) , at an average time of 33 months after accident , complained of pain at the former fracture site when exercising vigorously during sport . At clinical examination no patient was found suffering from limitation of ROM ( range of motion ) , adjacent joints , or muscular insufficiency . Plain x-rays of affected apophyses confirmed good consolidation and dislocation of not more than 3 cm in all patients . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]

From 1978 to 1999 , 22 patients ( 17 male , 5 female ) who suffered apophyseal fractures of the pelvis and femoral lesser trochanter ( 18 patients by avulsion , 4 patients by direct trauma ) were treated . The median age of the patients was 12.5 years ( range , 1-16 years ) . Eighteen patients were injured during sports activities . Predominantly the anterior inferior iliac spine ( n=9) was affected , followed by fractures of the femoral lesser trochanter ( n=3), periacetabular rim ( n=3), anterior superior iliac spine ( n=2), and iliac crest ( n=2), retrospectively . The diagnosis was established using plain x-ray films . The treatment was conservative in 21 patients ( 95% ) and operative in one ( 5% ) . Of the patients , 20 ( 91% ) were followed-up for a median interval of 12 months ( 3 weeks to 84 months ) . At follow-up , 15 patients ( 75% ) reported that they were free of pain during sport activities , while five patients ( 25% ) , at an average time of 33 months after accident , complained of pain at the former fracture site when exercising vigorously during sport . At clinical examination no patient was found suffering from limitation of ROM ( range of motion ) , adjacent joints , or muscular insufficiency . Plain x-rays of affected apophyses confirmed good consolidation and dislocation of not more than 3 cm in all patients .

[ "From", "1978", "to", "1999", ",", "22", "patients", "(", "17", "male", ",", "5", "female", ")", "who", "suffered", "apophyseal", "fractures", "of", "the", "pelvis", "and", "femoral", "lesser", "trochanter", "(", "18", "patients", "by", "avulsion", ",", "4", "patients", "by", "direct", "trauma", ")", "were", "treated", ".", "The", "median", "age", "of", "the", "patients", "was", "12.5", "years", "(", "range", ",", "1", "-", "16", "years", ")", ".", "Eighteen", "patients", "were", "injured", "during", "sports", "activities", ".", "Predominantly", "the", "anterior", "inferior", "iliac", "spine", "(", "n=9", ")", "was", "affected", ",", "followed", "by", "fractures", "of", "the", "femoral", "lesser", "trochanter", "(", "n=3", ")", ",", "periacetabular", "rim", "(", "n=3", ")", ",", "anterior", "superior", "iliac", "spine", "(", "n=2", ")", ",", "and", "iliac", "crest", "(", "n=2", ")", ",", "retrospectively", ".", "The", "diagnosis", "was", "established", "using", "plain", "x", "-", "ray", "films", ".", "The", "treatment", "was", "conservative", "in", "21", "patients", "(", "95", "%", ")", "and", "operative", "in", "one", "(", "5", "%", ")", ".", "Of", "the", "patients", ",", "20", "(", "91", "%", ")", "were", "followed", "-", "up", "for", "a", "median", "interval", "of", "12", "months", "(", "3", "weeks", "to", "84", "months", ")", ".", "At", "follow", "-", "up", ",", "15", "patients", "(", "75", "%", ")", "reported", "that", "they", "were", "free", "of", "pain", "during", "sport", "activities", ",", "while", "five", "patients", "(", "25", "%", ")", ",", "at", "an", "average", "time", "of", "33", "months", "after", "accident", ",", "complained", "of", "pain", "at", "the", "former", "fracture", "site", "when", "exercising", "vigorously", "during", "sport", ".", "At", "clinical", "examination", "no", "patient", "was", "found", "suffering", "from", "limitation", "of", "ROM", "(", "range", "of", "motion", ")", ",", "adjacent", "joints", ",", "or", "muscular", "insufficiency", ".", "Plain", "x", "-", "rays", "of", "affected", "apophyses", "confirmed", "good", "consolidation", "and", "dislocation", "of", "not", "more", "than", "3", "cm", "in", "all", "patients", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

physician intervention is an intervention, anxiety symptom levels is an outcome, functioning status is an outcome

846_task0

Sentence: A physician intervention served the dual function of 1 ) providing an educational demonstration of anxiety in the primary care setting and 2 ) providing a reporting system for summarizing the anxiety symptom levels and functioning status of the patients enrolled in the study . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: intervention, outcome

[ "O", "B-intervention", "I-intervention", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "O", "B-outcome", "I-outcome", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

A physician intervention served the dual function of 1 ) providing an educational demonstration of anxiety in the primary care setting and 2 ) providing a reporting system for summarizing the anxiety symptom levels and functioning status of the patients enrolled in the study .

[ "A", "physician", "intervention", "served", "the", "dual", "function", "of", "1", ")", "providing", "an", "educational", "demonstration", "of", "anxiety", "in", "the", "primary", "care", "setting", "and", "2", ")", "providing", "a", "reporting", "system", "for", "summarizing", "the", "anxiety", "symptom", "levels", "and", "functioning", "status", "of", "the", "patients", "enrolled", "in", "the", "study", "." ]

[ "intervention", "outcome" ]

physician intervention is an intervention, anxiety symptom levels is an outcome, functioning status is an outcome

846_task1

Sentence: A physician intervention served the dual function of 1 ) providing an educational demonstration of anxiety in the primary care setting and 2 ) providing a reporting system for summarizing the anxiety symptom levels and functioning status of the patients enrolled in the study . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: physician intervention, anxiety symptom levels, functioning status Options: intervention, outcome

[ "O", "B-intervention", "I-intervention", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "O", "B-outcome", "I-outcome", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

A physician intervention served the dual function of 1 ) providing an educational demonstration of anxiety in the primary care setting and 2 ) providing a reporting system for summarizing the anxiety symptom levels and functioning status of the patients enrolled in the study .

[ "A", "physician", "intervention", "served", "the", "dual", "function", "of", "1", ")", "providing", "an", "educational", "demonstration", "of", "anxiety", "in", "the", "primary", "care", "setting", "and", "2", ")", "providing", "a", "reporting", "system", "for", "summarizing", "the", "anxiety", "symptom", "levels", "and", "functioning", "status", "of", "the", "patients", "enrolled", "in", "the", "study", "." ]

[ "intervention", "outcome" ]

physician intervention, anxiety symptom levels, functioning status

846_task2

Sentence: A physician intervention served the dual function of 1 ) providing an educational demonstration of anxiety in the primary care setting and 2 ) providing a reporting system for summarizing the anxiety symptom levels and functioning status of the patients enrolled in the study . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "B-intervention", "I-intervention", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-outcome", "I-outcome", "I-outcome", "O", "B-outcome", "I-outcome", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

A physician intervention served the dual function of 1 ) providing an educational demonstration of anxiety in the primary care setting and 2 ) providing a reporting system for summarizing the anxiety symptom levels and functioning status of the patients enrolled in the study .

[ "A", "physician", "intervention", "served", "the", "dual", "function", "of", "1", ")", "providing", "an", "educational", "demonstration", "of", "anxiety", "in", "the", "primary", "care", "setting", "and", "2", ")", "providing", "a", "reporting", "system", "for", "summarizing", "the", "anxiety", "symptom", "levels", "and", "functioning", "status", "of", "the", "patients", "enrolled", "in", "the", "study", "." ]

[ "intervention", "outcome" ]

" low - dose " hydrocortisone is a Intervention_Pharmacological, septic shock : is a Participant_Condition, placebo - controlled is a Intervention_Control, adrenal insufficiency is a Participant_Condition, 40 is a Participant_Sample-size, Hydrocortisone is a Intervention_Pharmacological, mean arterial pressure , systemic vascular resistance is a Outcome_Physical, heart rate is a Outcome_Physical, cardiac index is a Outcome_Physical, norepinephrine requirement is a Outcome_Other, plasma nitrite / nitrate is a Outcome_Physical, nitric oxide formation is a Outcome_Physical, reduction of vasopressor support is a Outcome_Physical, inflammatory response ( interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 ) is a Outcome_Physical, endothelial ( soluble E - selectin ) is a Outcome_Physical, neutrophil activation is a Outcome_Physical, antiinflammatory response is a Outcome_Physical, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II and interleukin-10 is a Outcome_Physical, human leukocyte antigen - DR expression is a Outcome_Physical, in vitro phagocytosis is a Outcome_Physical, monocyte - activating cytokine interleukin-12 is a Outcome_Physical, hemodynamic and immunologic rebound effects . is a Outcome_Adverse-effects, hemodynamic stability is a Outcome_Physical, immunologic response to stress is a Outcome_Physical

11127_task0

Sentence: Immunologic and hemodynamic effects of " low-dose " hydrocortisone in septic shock : a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , crossover study . Within the last few years , increasing evidence of relative adrenal insufficiency in septic shock evoked a reassessment of hydrocortisone therapy . To evaluate the effects of hydrocortisone on the balance between proinflammatory and antiinflammation , 40 patients with septic shock were randomized in a double-blind crossover study to receive either the first 100 mg of hydrocortisone as a loading dose and 10 mg per hour until Day 3 ( n = 20 ) or placebo ( n = 20 ) , followed by the opposite medication until Day 6 . Hydrocortisone infusion induced an increase of mean arterial pressure , systemic vascular resistance , and a decline of heart rate , cardiac index , and norepinephrine requirement . A reduction of plasma nitrite/nitrate indicated inhibition of nitric oxide formation and correlated with a reduction of vasopressor support . The inflammatory response ( interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 ) , endothelial ( soluble E-selectin ) and neutrophil activation ( expression of CD11b , CD64 ) , and antiinflammatory response ( soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II and interleukin-10 ) were attenuated . In peripheral blood monocytes , human leukocyte antigen-DR expression was only slightly depressed , whereas in vitro phagocytosis and the monocyte-activating cytokine interleukin-12 increased . Hydrocortisone withdrawal induced hemodynamic and immunologic rebound effects . In conclusion , hydrocortisone therapy restored hemodynamic stability and differentially modulated the immunologic response to stress in a way of antiinflammation rather than immunosuppression . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Outcome_Adverse-effects, Intervention_Control, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size, Outcome_Other

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Immunologic and hemodynamic effects of " low-dose " hydrocortisone in septic shock : a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , crossover study . Within the last few years , increasing evidence of relative adrenal insufficiency in septic shock evoked a reassessment of hydrocortisone therapy . To evaluate the effects of hydrocortisone on the balance between proinflammatory and antiinflammation , 40 patients with septic shock were randomized in a double-blind crossover study to receive either the first 100 mg of hydrocortisone as a loading dose and 10 mg per hour until Day 3 ( n = 20 ) or placebo ( n = 20 ) , followed by the opposite medication until Day 6 . Hydrocortisone infusion induced an increase of mean arterial pressure , systemic vascular resistance , and a decline of heart rate , cardiac index , and norepinephrine requirement . A reduction of plasma nitrite/nitrate indicated inhibition of nitric oxide formation and correlated with a reduction of vasopressor support . The inflammatory response ( interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 ) , endothelial ( soluble E-selectin ) and neutrophil activation ( expression of CD11b , CD64 ) , and antiinflammatory response ( soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II and interleukin-10 ) were attenuated . In peripheral blood monocytes , human leukocyte antigen-DR expression was only slightly depressed , whereas in vitro phagocytosis and the monocyte-activating cytokine interleukin-12 increased . Hydrocortisone withdrawal induced hemodynamic and immunologic rebound effects . In conclusion , hydrocortisone therapy restored hemodynamic stability and differentially modulated the immunologic response to stress in a way of antiinflammation rather than immunosuppression .

[ "Immunologic", "and", "hemodynamic", "effects", "of", "\"", "low", "-", "dose", "\"", "hydrocortisone", "in", "septic", "shock", ":", "a", "double", "-", "blind", ",", "randomized", ",", "placebo", "-", "controlled", ",", "crossover", "study", ".", "Within", "the", "last", "few", "years", ",", "increasing", "evidence", "of", "relative", "adrenal", "insufficiency", "in", "septic", "shock", "evoked", "a", "reassessment", "of", "hydrocortisone", "therapy", ".", "To", "evaluate", "the", "effects", "of", "hydrocortisone", "on", "the", "balance", "between", "proinflammatory", "and", "antiinflammation", ",", "40", "patients", "with", "septic", "shock", "were", "randomized", "in", "a", "double", "-", "blind", "crossover", "study", "to", "receive", "either", "the", "first", "100", "mg", "of", "hydrocortisone", "as", "a", "loading", "dose", "and", "10", "mg", "per", "hour", "until", "Day", "3", "(", "n", "=", "20", ")", "or", "placebo", "(", "n", "=", "20", ")", ",", "followed", "by", "the", "opposite", "medication", "until", "Day", "6", ".", "Hydrocortisone", "infusion", "induced", "an", "increase", "of", "mean", "arterial", "pressure", ",", "systemic", "vascular", "resistance", ",", "and", "a", "decline", "of", "heart", "rate", ",", "cardiac", "index", ",", "and", "norepinephrine", "requirement", ".", "A", "reduction", "of", "plasma", "nitrite", "/", "nitrate", "indicated", "inhibition", "of", "nitric", "oxide", "formation", "and", "correlated", "with", "a", "reduction", "of", "vasopressor", "support", ".", "The", "inflammatory", "response", "(", "interleukin-6", "and", "interleukin-8", ")", ",", "endothelial", "(", "soluble", "E", "-", "selectin", ")", "and", "neutrophil", "activation", "(", "expression", "of", "CD11b", ",", "CD64", ")", ",", "and", "antiinflammatory", "response", "(", "soluble", "tumor", "necrosis", "factor", "receptors", "I", "and", "II", "and", "interleukin-10", ")", "were", "attenuated", ".", "In", "peripheral", "blood", "monocytes", ",", "human", "leukocyte", "antigen", "-", "DR", "expression", "was", "only", "slightly", "depressed", ",", "whereas", "in", "vitro", "phagocytosis", "and", "the", "monocyte", "-", "activating", "cytokine", "interleukin-12", "increased", ".", "Hydrocortisone", "withdrawal", "induced", "hemodynamic", "and", "immunologic", "rebound", "effects", ".", "In", "conclusion", ",", "hydrocortisone", "therapy", "restored", "hemodynamic", "stability", "and", "differentially", "modulated", "the", "immunologic", "response", "to", "stress", "in", "a", "way", "of", "antiinflammation", "rather", "than", "immunosuppression", "." ]

[ "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Outcome_Other", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Control", "Participant_Sample-size" ]

" low - dose " hydrocortisone is a Intervention_Pharmacological, septic shock : is a Participant_Condition, placebo - controlled is a Intervention_Control, adrenal insufficiency is a Participant_Condition, 40 is a Participant_Sample-size, Hydrocortisone is a Intervention_Pharmacological, mean arterial pressure , systemic vascular resistance is a Outcome_Physical, heart rate is a Outcome_Physical, cardiac index is a Outcome_Physical, norepinephrine requirement is a Outcome_Other, plasma nitrite / nitrate is a Outcome_Physical, nitric oxide formation is a Outcome_Physical, reduction of vasopressor support is a Outcome_Physical, inflammatory response ( interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 ) is a Outcome_Physical, endothelial ( soluble E - selectin ) is a Outcome_Physical, neutrophil activation is a Outcome_Physical, antiinflammatory response is a Outcome_Physical, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II and interleukin-10 is a Outcome_Physical, human leukocyte antigen - DR expression is a Outcome_Physical, in vitro phagocytosis is a Outcome_Physical, monocyte - activating cytokine interleukin-12 is a Outcome_Physical, hemodynamic and immunologic rebound effects . is a Outcome_Adverse-effects, hemodynamic stability is a Outcome_Physical, immunologic response to stress is a Outcome_Physical

11127_task1

Sentence: Immunologic and hemodynamic effects of " low-dose " hydrocortisone in septic shock : a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , crossover study . Within the last few years , increasing evidence of relative adrenal insufficiency in septic shock evoked a reassessment of hydrocortisone therapy . To evaluate the effects of hydrocortisone on the balance between proinflammatory and antiinflammation , 40 patients with septic shock were randomized in a double-blind crossover study to receive either the first 100 mg of hydrocortisone as a loading dose and 10 mg per hour until Day 3 ( n = 20 ) or placebo ( n = 20 ) , followed by the opposite medication until Day 6 . Hydrocortisone infusion induced an increase of mean arterial pressure , systemic vascular resistance , and a decline of heart rate , cardiac index , and norepinephrine requirement . A reduction of plasma nitrite/nitrate indicated inhibition of nitric oxide formation and correlated with a reduction of vasopressor support . The inflammatory response ( interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 ) , endothelial ( soluble E-selectin ) and neutrophil activation ( expression of CD11b , CD64 ) , and antiinflammatory response ( soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II and interleukin-10 ) were attenuated . In peripheral blood monocytes , human leukocyte antigen-DR expression was only slightly depressed , whereas in vitro phagocytosis and the monocyte-activating cytokine interleukin-12 increased . Hydrocortisone withdrawal induced hemodynamic and immunologic rebound effects . In conclusion , hydrocortisone therapy restored hemodynamic stability and differentially modulated the immunologic response to stress in a way of antiinflammation rather than immunosuppression . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: " low - dose " hydrocortisone, septic shock :, placebo - controlled, adrenal insufficiency, 40, Hydrocortisone, mean arterial pressure , systemic vascular resistance, heart rate, cardiac index, norepinephrine requirement, plasma nitrite / nitrate, nitric oxide formation, reduction of vasopressor support, inflammatory response ( interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 ), endothelial ( soluble E - selectin ), neutrophil activation, antiinflammatory response, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II and interleukin-10, human leukocyte antigen - DR expression, in vitro phagocytosis, monocyte - activating cytokine interleukin-12, hemodynamic and immunologic rebound effects ., hemodynamic stability, immunologic response to stress Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Outcome_Adverse-effects, Intervention_Control, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size, Outcome_Other

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Immunologic and hemodynamic effects of " low-dose " hydrocortisone in septic shock : a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , crossover study . Within the last few years , increasing evidence of relative adrenal insufficiency in septic shock evoked a reassessment of hydrocortisone therapy . To evaluate the effects of hydrocortisone on the balance between proinflammatory and antiinflammation , 40 patients with septic shock were randomized in a double-blind crossover study to receive either the first 100 mg of hydrocortisone as a loading dose and 10 mg per hour until Day 3 ( n = 20 ) or placebo ( n = 20 ) , followed by the opposite medication until Day 6 . Hydrocortisone infusion induced an increase of mean arterial pressure , systemic vascular resistance , and a decline of heart rate , cardiac index , and norepinephrine requirement . A reduction of plasma nitrite/nitrate indicated inhibition of nitric oxide formation and correlated with a reduction of vasopressor support . The inflammatory response ( interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 ) , endothelial ( soluble E-selectin ) and neutrophil activation ( expression of CD11b , CD64 ) , and antiinflammatory response ( soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II and interleukin-10 ) were attenuated . In peripheral blood monocytes , human leukocyte antigen-DR expression was only slightly depressed , whereas in vitro phagocytosis and the monocyte-activating cytokine interleukin-12 increased . Hydrocortisone withdrawal induced hemodynamic and immunologic rebound effects . In conclusion , hydrocortisone therapy restored hemodynamic stability and differentially modulated the immunologic response to stress in a way of antiinflammation rather than immunosuppression .

[ "Immunologic", "and", "hemodynamic", "effects", "of", "\"", "low", "-", "dose", "\"", "hydrocortisone", "in", "septic", "shock", ":", "a", "double", "-", "blind", ",", "randomized", ",", "placebo", "-", "controlled", ",", "crossover", "study", ".", "Within", "the", "last", "few", "years", ",", "increasing", "evidence", "of", "relative", "adrenal", "insufficiency", "in", "septic", "shock", "evoked", "a", "reassessment", "of", "hydrocortisone", "therapy", ".", "To", "evaluate", "the", "effects", "of", "hydrocortisone", "on", "the", "balance", "between", "proinflammatory", "and", "antiinflammation", ",", "40", "patients", "with", "septic", "shock", "were", "randomized", "in", "a", "double", "-", "blind", "crossover", "study", "to", "receive", "either", "the", "first", "100", "mg", "of", "hydrocortisone", "as", "a", "loading", "dose", "and", "10", "mg", "per", "hour", "until", "Day", "3", "(", "n", "=", "20", ")", "or", "placebo", "(", "n", "=", "20", ")", ",", "followed", "by", "the", "opposite", "medication", "until", "Day", "6", ".", "Hydrocortisone", "infusion", "induced", "an", "increase", "of", "mean", "arterial", "pressure", ",", "systemic", "vascular", "resistance", ",", "and", "a", "decline", "of", "heart", "rate", ",", "cardiac", "index", ",", "and", "norepinephrine", "requirement", ".", "A", "reduction", "of", "plasma", "nitrite", "/", "nitrate", "indicated", "inhibition", "of", "nitric", "oxide", "formation", "and", "correlated", "with", "a", "reduction", "of", "vasopressor", "support", ".", "The", "inflammatory", "response", "(", "interleukin-6", "and", "interleukin-8", ")", ",", "endothelial", "(", "soluble", "E", "-", "selectin", ")", "and", "neutrophil", "activation", "(", "expression", "of", "CD11b", ",", "CD64", ")", ",", "and", "antiinflammatory", "response", "(", "soluble", "tumor", "necrosis", "factor", "receptors", "I", "and", "II", "and", "interleukin-10", ")", "were", "attenuated", ".", "In", "peripheral", "blood", "monocytes", ",", "human", "leukocyte", "antigen", "-", "DR", "expression", "was", "only", "slightly", "depressed", ",", "whereas", "in", "vitro", "phagocytosis", "and", "the", "monocyte", "-", "activating", "cytokine", "interleukin-12", "increased", ".", "Hydrocortisone", "withdrawal", "induced", "hemodynamic", "and", "immunologic", "rebound", "effects", ".", "In", "conclusion", ",", "hydrocortisone", "therapy", "restored", "hemodynamic", "stability", "and", "differentially", "modulated", "the", "immunologic", "response", "to", "stress", "in", "a", "way", "of", "antiinflammation", "rather", "than", "immunosuppression", "." ]

[ "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Outcome_Other", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Control", "Participant_Sample-size" ]

" low - dose " hydrocortisone, septic shock :, placebo - controlled, adrenal insufficiency, 40, Hydrocortisone, mean arterial pressure , systemic vascular resistance, heart rate, cardiac index, norepinephrine requirement, plasma nitrite / nitrate, nitric oxide formation, reduction of vasopressor support, inflammatory response ( interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 ), endothelial ( soluble E - selectin ), neutrophil activation, antiinflammatory response, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II and interleukin-10, human leukocyte antigen - DR expression, in vitro phagocytosis, monocyte - activating cytokine interleukin-12, hemodynamic and immunologic rebound effects ., hemodynamic stability, immunologic response to stress

11127_task2

Sentence: Immunologic and hemodynamic effects of " low-dose " hydrocortisone in septic shock : a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , crossover study . Within the last few years , increasing evidence of relative adrenal insufficiency in septic shock evoked a reassessment of hydrocortisone therapy . To evaluate the effects of hydrocortisone on the balance between proinflammatory and antiinflammation , 40 patients with septic shock were randomized in a double-blind crossover study to receive either the first 100 mg of hydrocortisone as a loading dose and 10 mg per hour until Day 3 ( n = 20 ) or placebo ( n = 20 ) , followed by the opposite medication until Day 6 . Hydrocortisone infusion induced an increase of mean arterial pressure , systemic vascular resistance , and a decline of heart rate , cardiac index , and norepinephrine requirement . A reduction of plasma nitrite/nitrate indicated inhibition of nitric oxide formation and correlated with a reduction of vasopressor support . The inflammatory response ( interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 ) , endothelial ( soluble E-selectin ) and neutrophil activation ( expression of CD11b , CD64 ) , and antiinflammatory response ( soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II and interleukin-10 ) were attenuated . In peripheral blood monocytes , human leukocyte antigen-DR expression was only slightly depressed , whereas in vitro phagocytosis and the monocyte-activating cytokine interleukin-12 increased . Hydrocortisone withdrawal induced hemodynamic and immunologic rebound effects . In conclusion , hydrocortisone therapy restored hemodynamic stability and differentially modulated the immunologic response to stress in a way of antiinflammation rather than immunosuppression . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "I-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Immunologic and hemodynamic effects of " low-dose " hydrocortisone in septic shock : a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , crossover study . Within the last few years , increasing evidence of relative adrenal insufficiency in septic shock evoked a reassessment of hydrocortisone therapy . To evaluate the effects of hydrocortisone on the balance between proinflammatory and antiinflammation , 40 patients with septic shock were randomized in a double-blind crossover study to receive either the first 100 mg of hydrocortisone as a loading dose and 10 mg per hour until Day 3 ( n = 20 ) or placebo ( n = 20 ) , followed by the opposite medication until Day 6 . Hydrocortisone infusion induced an increase of mean arterial pressure , systemic vascular resistance , and a decline of heart rate , cardiac index , and norepinephrine requirement . A reduction of plasma nitrite/nitrate indicated inhibition of nitric oxide formation and correlated with a reduction of vasopressor support . The inflammatory response ( interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 ) , endothelial ( soluble E-selectin ) and neutrophil activation ( expression of CD11b , CD64 ) , and antiinflammatory response ( soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II and interleukin-10 ) were attenuated . In peripheral blood monocytes , human leukocyte antigen-DR expression was only slightly depressed , whereas in vitro phagocytosis and the monocyte-activating cytokine interleukin-12 increased . Hydrocortisone withdrawal induced hemodynamic and immunologic rebound effects . In conclusion , hydrocortisone therapy restored hemodynamic stability and differentially modulated the immunologic response to stress in a way of antiinflammation rather than immunosuppression .

[ "Immunologic", "and", "hemodynamic", "effects", "of", "\"", "low", "-", "dose", "\"", "hydrocortisone", "in", "septic", "shock", ":", "a", "double", "-", "blind", ",", "randomized", ",", "placebo", "-", "controlled", ",", "crossover", "study", ".", "Within", "the", "last", "few", "years", ",", "increasing", "evidence", "of", "relative", "adrenal", "insufficiency", "in", "septic", "shock", "evoked", "a", "reassessment", "of", "hydrocortisone", "therapy", ".", "To", "evaluate", "the", "effects", "of", "hydrocortisone", "on", "the", "balance", "between", "proinflammatory", "and", "antiinflammation", ",", "40", "patients", "with", "septic", "shock", "were", "randomized", "in", "a", "double", "-", "blind", "crossover", "study", "to", "receive", "either", "the", "first", "100", "mg", "of", "hydrocortisone", "as", "a", "loading", "dose", "and", "10", "mg", "per", "hour", "until", "Day", "3", "(", "n", "=", "20", ")", "or", "placebo", "(", "n", "=", "20", ")", ",", "followed", "by", "the", "opposite", "medication", "until", "Day", "6", ".", "Hydrocortisone", "infusion", "induced", "an", "increase", "of", "mean", "arterial", "pressure", ",", "systemic", "vascular", "resistance", ",", "and", "a", "decline", "of", "heart", "rate", ",", "cardiac", "index", ",", "and", "norepinephrine", "requirement", ".", "A", "reduction", "of", "plasma", "nitrite", "/", "nitrate", "indicated", "inhibition", "of", "nitric", "oxide", "formation", "and", "correlated", "with", "a", "reduction", "of", "vasopressor", "support", ".", "The", "inflammatory", "response", "(", "interleukin-6", "and", "interleukin-8", ")", ",", "endothelial", "(", "soluble", "E", "-", "selectin", ")", "and", "neutrophil", "activation", "(", "expression", "of", "CD11b", ",", "CD64", ")", ",", "and", "antiinflammatory", "response", "(", "soluble", "tumor", "necrosis", "factor", "receptors", "I", "and", "II", "and", "interleukin-10", ")", "were", "attenuated", ".", "In", "peripheral", "blood", "monocytes", ",", "human", "leukocyte", "antigen", "-", "DR", "expression", "was", "only", "slightly", "depressed", ",", "whereas", "in", "vitro", "phagocytosis", "and", "the", "monocyte", "-", "activating", "cytokine", "interleukin-12", "increased", ".", "Hydrocortisone", "withdrawal", "induced", "hemodynamic", "and", "immunologic", "rebound", "effects", ".", "In", "conclusion", ",", "hydrocortisone", "therapy", "restored", "hemodynamic", "stability", "and", "differentially", "modulated", "the", "immunologic", "response", "to", "stress", "in", "a", "way", "of", "antiinflammation", "rather", "than", "immunosuppression", "." ]

[ "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Outcome_Other", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Control", "Participant_Sample-size" ]

Genotype is a Measurement, 2 , 3 , 5 or 6 is a Value, infection is a Condition, Decompensated is a Qualifier, cirrhosis is a Condition, actual or previous is a Scope, clinical decompensation is a Condition, ascites is a Condition, hepatic encephalopathy is a Condition, variceal bleeding is a Condition, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is a Condition, Child - Pugh is a Measurement, Hepatocellular carcinoma is a Condition, after liver transplantation is a Temporal, Total bilirubin is a Measurement, Immunosuppression is a Procedure, cyclosporine or an mTOR inhibitor ( everolimus or sirolimus ) is a Scope, Severe is a Qualifier, extrahepatic diseases is a Condition, cardiovascular , respiratory , cerebrovascular and poorly controlled diabetes is a Scope, Platelets is a Measurement, Neutrophil count is a Measurement, Hemoglobin is a Measurement, Albumin is a Measurement, HIV infection is a Condition, Hepatitis B infection is a Condition, Active intake is a Temporal, toxic amounts is a Multiplier, alcohol is a Condition, recreational drugs is a Condition, Females who are pregnant , become to be pregnant or breastfeeding is a Scope, males whose partners are pregnant , become to be pregnant or breastfeeding is a Scope, disallowed medications is a Drug, clarithromycin is a Drug, erythromycin is a Drug, telithromycin is a Drug, nafcillin is a Drug, rifampin is a Drug, itraconazole is a Drug, ketoconazole is a Drug, voriconazole is a Drug, nifedipine is a Drug, carbamazepine is a Drug, phenytoin is a Drug, phenobarbital is a Drug, Bosentan is a Drug, Modafinil is a Drug, St . Jonh 's Wort is a Drug, cyclosporin is a Drug, everolimus is a Drug, sirolimus is a Drug, glibenclamide is a Drug, glyburide is a Drug, gemfibrozil is a Drug, Eltrombopag is a Drug, Lapatinib is a Drug, efavirenz is a Drug, etravirine is a Drug, ritonavir boosted and unboosted is a Scope, HIV protease inhibitors is a Drug, simvastatin is a Drug, fluvastatin is a Drug, rosuvastatin is a Drug, doses greater than 10 mg / d is a Multiplier, atorvastatin is a Drug

NCT02890719_exc_task0

Sentence: Genotype 2, 3, 5 or 6 infection. Decompensated cirrhosis defined by the presence of actual or previous history of clinical decompensation including ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, variceal bleeding or spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, or a Child-Pugh B or C. Hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation. Total bilirubin > 3 mg/dL. Immunosuppression with cyclosporine or an mTOR inhibitor (everolimus or sirolimus). Severe extrahepatic diseases: cardiovascular, respiratory, cerebrovascular and poorly controlled diabetes. Platelets < 75 x 109 cells/L. Neutrophil count < 0.5 x 109 cells/L. Hemoglobin < 9 g/dL. Albumin < 3g/dL. HIV infection. Hepatitis B infection. Active intake of toxic amounts of alcohol or recreational drugs. Females who are pregnant, become to be pregnant or breastfeeding or males whose partners are pregnant, become to be pregnant or breastfeeding. Intake of disallowed medications including(but not limited to): 1. Antibiotics: clarithromycin, erythromycin, telithromycin, nafcillin, rifampin 2. Antifungals: itraconazole, ketoconazole, voriconazole 3. Antihypertensives: nifedipine 4. Anticonvulsants: carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital 5. Bosentan 6. Modafinil 7. St.Jonh's Wort 8. Immunosuppressants: cyclosporin, everolimus, sirolimus 9. Diabetes agents: glibenclamide, glyburide 10. Lipid lowering agents: gemfibrozil 11. Eltrombopag 12. Lapatinib 13. HIV medications: efavirenz, etravirine, all ritonavir boosted and unboosted HIV protease inhibitors 14. Statins: simvastatin, fluvastatin, rosuvastatin at doses greater than 10 mg/d, atorvastatin at doses greater than 10 mg/d. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Temporal, Condition, Qualifier, Value, Multiplier, Procedure, Scope, Measurement, Drug

[ "B-Measurement", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "B-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Procedure", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Qualifier", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "I-Temporal", "O", "B-Multiplier", "I-Multiplier", "O", "B-Condition", "O", "B-Condition", "I-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "I-Drug", "I-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "B-Drug", "I-Drug", "I-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "B-Multiplier", "I-Multiplier", "I-Multiplier", "I-Multiplier", "I-Multiplier", "I-Multiplier", "I-Multiplier", "O", "B-Drug", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Genotype 2, 3, 5 or 6 infection. Decompensated cirrhosis defined by the presence of actual or previous history of clinical decompensation including ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, variceal bleeding or spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, or a Child-Pugh B or C. Hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation. Total bilirubin > 3 mg/dL. Immunosuppression with cyclosporine or an mTOR inhibitor (everolimus or sirolimus). Severe extrahepatic diseases: cardiovascular, respiratory, cerebrovascular and poorly controlled diabetes. Platelets < 75 x 109 cells/L. Neutrophil count < 0.5 x 109 cells/L. Hemoglobin < 9 g/dL. Albumin < 3g/dL. HIV infection. Hepatitis B infection. Active intake of toxic amounts of alcohol or recreational drugs. Females who are pregnant, become to be pregnant or breastfeeding or males whose partners are pregnant, become to be pregnant or breastfeeding. Intake of disallowed medications including(but not limited to): 1. Antibiotics: clarithromycin, erythromycin, telithromycin, nafcillin, rifampin 2. Antifungals: itraconazole, ketoconazole, voriconazole 3. Antihypertensives: nifedipine 4. Anticonvulsants: carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital 5. Bosentan 6. Modafinil 7. St.Jonh's Wort 8. Immunosuppressants: cyclosporin, everolimus, sirolimus 9. Diabetes agents: glibenclamide, glyburide 10. Lipid lowering agents: gemfibrozil 11. Eltrombopag 12. Lapatinib 13. HIV medications: efavirenz, etravirine, all ritonavir boosted and unboosted HIV protease inhibitors 14. Statins: simvastatin, fluvastatin, rosuvastatin at doses greater than 10 mg/d, atorvastatin at doses greater than 10 mg/d.

[ "Genotype", "2", ",", "3", ",", "5", "or", "6", "infection", ".", "\n", "Decompensated", "cirrhosis", "defined", "by", "the", "presence", "of", "actual", "or", "previous", "history", "of", "clinical", "decompensation", "including", "ascites", ",", "hepatic", "encephalopathy", ",", "variceal", "bleeding", "or", "spontaneous", "bacterial", "peritonitis", ",", "or", "a", "Child", "-", "Pugh", "B", "or", "C.", "\n", "Hepatocellular", "carcinoma", "after", "liver", "transplantation", ".", "\n", "Total", "bilirubin", ">", "3", "mg", "/", "dL.", "\n", "Immunosuppression", "with", "cyclosporine", "or", "an", "mTOR", "inhibitor", "(", "everolimus", "or", "sirolimus", ")", ".", "\n", "Severe", "extrahepatic", "diseases", ":", "cardiovascular", ",", "respiratory", ",", "cerebrovascular", "and", "poorly", "controlled", "diabetes", ".", "\n", "Platelets", "<", "75", "x", "109", "cells", "/", "L.", "\n", "Neutrophil", "count", "<", "0.5", "x", "109", "cells", "/", "L.", "\n", "Hemoglobin", "<", "9", "g", "/", "dL.", "\n", "Albumin", "<", "3g", "/", "dL.", "\n", "HIV", "infection", ".", "\n", "Hepatitis", "B", "infection", ".", "\n", "Active", "intake", "of", "toxic", "amounts", "of", "alcohol", "or", "recreational", "drugs", ".", "\n", "Females", "who", "are", "pregnant", ",", "become", "to", "be", "pregnant", "or", "breastfeeding", "or", "males", "whose", "partners", "are", "pregnant", ",", "become", "to", "be", "pregnant", "or", "breastfeeding", ".", "\n", "Intake", "of", "disallowed", "medications", "including(but", "not", "limited", "to", "):", "\n", "1", ".", "Antibiotics", ":", "clarithromycin", ",", "erythromycin", ",", "telithromycin", ",", "nafcillin", ",", "rifampin", "\n", "2", ".", "Antifungals", ":", "itraconazole", ",", "ketoconazole", ",", "voriconazole", "\n", "3", ".", "Antihypertensives", ":", "nifedipine", "\n", "4", ".", "Anticonvulsants", ":", "carbamazepine", ",", "phenytoin", ",", "phenobarbital", "\n", "5", ".", "Bosentan", "\n", "6", ".", "Modafinil", "\n", "7", ".", "St", ".", "Jonh", "'s", "Wort", "\n", "8", ".", "Immunosuppressants", ":", "cyclosporin", ",", "everolimus", ",", "sirolimus", "\n", "9", ".", "Diabetes", "agents", ":", "glibenclamide", ",", "glyburide", "\n", "10", ".", "Lipid", "lowering", "agents", ":", "gemfibrozil", "\n", "11", ".", "Eltrombopag", "\n", "12", ".", "Lapatinib", "\n", "13", ".", "HIV", "medications", ":", "efavirenz", ",", "etravirine", ",", "all", "ritonavir", "boosted", "and", "unboosted", "HIV", "protease", "inhibitors", "\n", "14", ".", "Statins", ":", "simvastatin", ",", "fluvastatin", ",", "rosuvastatin", "at", "doses", "greater", "than", "10", "mg", "/", "d", ",", "atorvastatin", "at", "doses", "greater", "than", "10", "mg", "/", "d.", " \n \n" ]

[ "Scope", "Condition", "Temporal", "Multiplier", "Drug", "Procedure", "Reference_point", "Value", "Qualifier", "Measurement", "Observation", "Person" ]