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he was to the other ardennes classics. the race began with hard racing for the first hour until the day's main breakaway was formed, with around 40 kilometres ( 25 mi ) raced. the breakaway involved eight riders. these were diego ulissi ( lampre – merida ), matteo montaguti ( ag2r la mondiale ), otto vergaerde ( topsport vlaanderen – baloise ), clement chevrier ( iam cycling ), marco minnaard ( wanty – groupe gobert ), anthony turgis ( cofidis ), cesare benedetti (
| 434 |
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returned to the race having crashed out of the 2014 edition. the riders considered outsiders were tejay van garderen ( bmc racing team ), thibaut pinot ( fdj ), joaquim rodriguez ( team katusha ), followed by ag2r la mondiale's jean @ - @ christophe peraud and romain bardet. froome had shown his form during the season with overall victories at the vuelta a andalucia and the criterium du dauphine, the tour's warm @ - @ up race. contador had earlier in the season won the
| 434 |
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la croix de fer. team europcar had two riders in the group, with christophe kern setting the pace for team @ - @ mate pierre rolland, and the tempo was again splitting the group up. back in the peloton, young rider classification leader tejay van garderen ( bmc racing team ) attacked on the climb, as the benchmark for a later move by his team @ - @ mate cadel evans. they acquired a 30 @ - @ second lead at one point before team sky brought bradley wiggins back up to them. kessiakoff just bettered rolland for the mountains points atop
| 434 |
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bora – argon 18 ) and rasmus quaade ( cult energy pro cycling ). the group's lead soon extended to nearly eight minutes, while the peloton was led by team europcar. europcar's work reduced the breakaway's lead by around three minutes by the time of the cote de la roche @ - @ en @ - @ ardenne, 79 kilometres ( 49 mi ) into the race. after the turn in bastogne, the breakaway continued. it was, however, reduced in numbers, as quaade, chevrier and vergaerde all fell back before
| 434 |
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53 @. @ 7 mi ) to the finish line, there were still eight categorised climbs remaining. the first three of these climbs came in quick succession. these were the cote de wanne ( 2 @. @ 7 kilometres ( 1 @. @ 7 mi ) at 7 @. @ 4 % ), the cote de stockeu ( 1 kilometre ( 0 @. @ 62 mi ) at 12 @. @ 5 % ) and the cote de la haute @ - @ levee ( 3 @. @ 6 kilometres ( 2 @. @ 2 mi ) at 5 @. @ 6 % ). the cote de wan
| 434 |
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##y attacks, but were closed down immediately. however, a five @ - @ rider move was allowed to be initiated after 8 km ( 5 @. @ 0 mi ), with ag2r – la mondiale's sebastien minard, ruben perez of euskaltel – euskadi, andriy hryvko representing the astana team, saxo bank – tinkoff bank rider michael mørkøv – continuing his run of being in the breakaway in each of the road stages so far – and giovanni bernaudeau of team europcar all breaking free, quickly gaining a lead of around two
| 434 |
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@ 7 ft ). two intermediate sprints came before the run into town in the final 40 km ( 24 @. @ 9 mi ). as the stage started, there were 145 riders remaining in the race, as only seven entrants had abandoned since the start of the race. the day's breakers were axel domont ( ag2r @ - @ la mondiale ), marek rutkiewicz ( ccc @ - @ sprandi @ - @ polkowice ), matej mohoric ( cannondale – garmin ) and jerome baugnies ( wanty @ - @ groupe gobert
| 434 |
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first mass @ - @ start stage was not ideally suited towards the sprinters, but was favourable towards puncheurs, as the final of the six climbs – the third @ - @ category cote de la sizeranne – came just 9 km ( 5 @. @ 6 mi ) from the stage's finish in saint @ - @ vallier. six riders – giovanni bernaudeau ( team europcar ), radioshack – nissan rider markel irizar, rabobank's maarten tjallingii, nicolas edet of cofidis, sep vanmarcke ( garmin – barracuda
| 434 |
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the col de la croix de fer, with the peloton around two minutes behind. the group containing wiggins and other overall contenders dropped a minute further back on the early parts of the col du mollard, where the breakaway consisted of velits, rolland, saxo bank – tinkoff bank's chris anker sørensen and robert kiserlovski of astana, with movistar team's vasil kiryienka later joining up. rolland crashed on the descent from the climb, having taken first place points over the summit, while sørensen was in difficulty to
| 434 |
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127 @. @ 7 mi ) route of the 2015 la fleche wallonne began in waremme in the province of liege on the rue de huy with a 2 @ - @ kilometre ( 1 @. @ 2 mi ) neutralised zone. the first part of the route went south @ - @ east through faimes and saint @ - @ georges @ - @ sur @ - @ meuse before reaching the day's first climb, the cote des 36 tournants, after 22 kilometres ( 14 mi ). after the climb, the riders continued south @ - @ east to anthisnes ; here the route turned south.
| 434 |
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the route loops around to the south of the town before entering two laps of a finishing circuit. the circuit crossed the cote saint @ - @ roch again, then the rue bois des moines, the cote d'achouffe and the cote petite mormont, before finishing in houffalize. the significant difference from previous year's editions of the eneco tour was the absence of la redoute from the finish. the day's early breakaway was formed by jan polanc ( lampre – merida ), matthias brandle ( iam cycling ), nikias arndt ( giant – al
| 434 |
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lindeman ( lottonl – jumbo ), alex howes ( cannondale ), cameron meyer ( dimension data ), axel domont ( ag2r la mondiale ), romain hardy and rudy molard ( both cofidis ), and marco minnaard ( wanty – groupe gobert ). around halfway through the stage, they had a lead of five minutes but, due to the flat terrain, there were several teams with sprinters who were determined to bring the break back. lampre – merida did most of the work at the front of the peloton ; several riders also
| 434 |
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cote de la croix @ - @ neuve – montee laurent jalabert – a 3 km ( 1 @. @ 9 mi ) climb at an average gradient of 10 @. @ 1 %, named in honour of the three @ - @ time paris – nice winner laurent jalabert – which had featured twice before as a summit finish in 2007 and 2010, won on both occasions by alberto contador. many riders and teams believed that the stage suited movistar team's alejandro valverde, who had finished second on the mende stage in 2010 before the result was expunged due to his doping suspension later in
| 434 |
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( fdj ), rafal majka ( tinkoff – saxo ), sergio henao ( team sky ), tom dumoulin ( giant @ - @ alpecin ), michał kwiatkowski ( etixx – quick @ - @ step ) and geraint thomas ( team sky ). other hopefuls were jurgen van den broeck ( lotto – soudal ) and sebastien reichenbach ( iam cycling ). it was ag2r la mondiale's domenico pozzovivo's first race after his disastrous crash in the giro d'italia, so his
| 434 |
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paid the aso a reported € 4m to host the grand depart. the full route of the tour was unveiled on 22 october 2014 at the palais des congres in paris. after the first stage in utrecht, the second stage left the city to finish in the region of zeeland in the south of the netherlands. the third began in antwerp, belgium, and concluded at the mur de huy, a steep climb known for its inclusion in the one @ - @ day classic race la fleche wallonne. stage four started in seraing, before ending in cambrai, france ; it featured seven cobbled sectors with a
| 434 |
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la fleche wallonne was the 79th edition of the la fleche wallonne one @ - @ day cycling classic. it took place on 22 april and was the twelfth race of the 2015 uci world tour. la fleche wallonne is the second of the three ardennes classics ; it comes three days after the amstel gold race ( won in 2015 by michał kwiatkowski ) and four days before the liege – bastogne – liege. the defending champion in the race was alejandro valverde ( movistar team ). the race took place on a 205 @. @ 5 @ - @ kilometre (
| 434 |
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studied this course profile carefully to know when to attack to get away for victory. the result also moved moncoutie up to second in the mountains classification, just a single point behind ag2r – la mondiale's matteo montaguti. he took the jersey two days later on stage 13 by joining another winning breakaway. montaguti had also made the breakaway, but he was unable to stay at the front of the race all day. moncoutie took two second places and one win on the final three climbs of the day, resulting in a 12 @ - @ point lead over montaguti in the classification. the next
| 434 |
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team katusha ), tejay van garderen ( bmc racing team ), rui costa ( lampre – merida ), romain bardet ( ag2r la mondiale ), bauke mollema ( trek factory racing ) and 2014's winner of the young rider classification, wilco kelderman ( lottonl – jumbo ). on 2 april 2015, the organiser of the race, amaury sport organisation ( aso ), announced the route of 2015 criterium du dauphine at a presentation in lyon, france. the eight @ - @ stage race in the
| 434 |
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on the line enabled him to surpass valverde for sixth place in the general classification. other than mate assuming the mountains lead from de gendt, none of the other jerseys changed hands as wiggins, valverde and tejay van garderen ( bmc racing team ) all finished safely in the pack. the race's queen stage consisted of six categorised climbs over the 178 @. @ 5 km ( 110 @. @ 9 mi ) parcours, including three first @ - @ category climbs ; the cote de la malene, the cote de l'estrade and the final climb to mende, the
| 434 |
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km ( 2 @. @ 5 mi ) to go – just as team @ - @ mate lieuwe westra did the previous day – but was unsuccessful, and was eventually caught just before the final kilometre of the stage. westra attacked but was covered off immediately, setting up the uphill sprint to the line. french pair blel kadri ( ag2r – la mondiale ) and jeremie galland ( saur – sojasun ) both launched their attacks in the closing stages, but were overhauled by a bunch of riders from which alejandro valverde ( movistar team ) looked to have
| 434 |
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"##eche",
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] | 497,336 |
moving her up to challenge callistrate entering the straight. she soon went clear and won " in splendid style " by three lengths. one day later she ran in the hardwicke stakes and started the 1 / 5 favourite. in the straight however, she was never able to get on terms with the colt ravensbury, and finished second, beaten half a length. the prince of wales reportedly lost heavily on the race. on her final start of the year she met ravensbury again in the champion stakes at newmarket on 9 october. as the owners of isinglass had turned down a challenge to run his horse against la fleche,
| 434 |
[
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] | 497,337 |
they were the only two runners and the mare, ridden by watts started at odds of 1 / 3. la fleche opened up a clear lead in the early stages and was never in danger of defeat, winning " in a canter " by eight lengths. as the mare galloped up the hill with her ears pricked, she was given an enthusiastic reception from the newmarket crowd who knew they were witnessing her final race. = = assessment = = after her win in the st leger, la fleche was described as " one of the best fillies that ever raced in england. " her earnings of £ 25 @, @ 635
| 434 |
[
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".",
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"fl",
"##eche",
"wall",
"##onne",
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] | 857,272 |
formed at the base of the mur. valverde won his third victory on the climb, with julian alaphilippe ( etixx – quick @ - @ step ) second and michael albasini ( orica – greenedge ) third ; valverde went on to win liege – bastogne – liege as well. la fleche wallonne was affected by many crashes, which caused the withdrawal of several of the favourites for race victory, including philippe gilbert ( bmc racing team ), dan martin ( cannondale – garmin ) and chris froome ( team sky ). la fleche wallonne is part of
| 434 |
[
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"##r",
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"on",
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] | 845,407 |
squad leaders for the remaining ardennes classics, la fleche wallonne and liege – bastogne – liege. pre @ - @ race analyses mentioned them as contenders for both races. at la fleche wallonne, andy schleck worked for brother frank, taking pulls at the front of the main field to help chase down the morning breakaway. he did not feel physically up to riding for the win. frank was able to ride at the front of the race all day, and made the selections up to the race @ - @ concluding mur de huy. philippe gilbert made an early attack on the mur and held on to
| 434 |
[
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"du",
"##yn",
".",
"wee",
"##ning",
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] | 615,816 |
to his stomach illness ; after 90 kilometres ( 56 mi ) he was over seven minutes behind the peloton and was forced to retire from the race. howes and duyn attacked the breakaway and had a 31 @ - @ second lead going into the first of the two ascents of la molina. during the climb, pieter weening ( roompot ) attacked from the peloton and caught the two breakaway riders ; almost immediately he attacked alone and built a gap. meanwhile, team sky led the peloton with all eight riders, with movistar close behind ; they quickly caught howes and duyn. weening had
| 434 |
[
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"(",
"mo",
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"##tar",
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")",
".",
"they"
] | 122,164 |
rumours before the stage that it would have to be cancelled, but these were refuted by the race organisers and the stage took place as planned. the day's main breakaway was formed early on by maxime monfort ( lotto – soudal ), michele scarponi, andriy hrivko ( both astana ), alessandro de marchi ( bmc racing team ), matteo montaguti ( ag2r la mondiale ), paul voss ( bora – argon 18 ), angel vicioso ( team katusha ) and jesus herrada ( movistar team ). they
| 434 |
[
"29",
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",",
"la",
"fl",
"##eche",
",",
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",",
"moved",
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] | 497,329 |
29 july at goodwood, la fleche won the nassau stakes in which, despite looking less than fully fit, she quickened impressively to bear broad corrie by a length and a half. on 7 september la fleche ran in the st leger on a wet day at doncaster. orme, who had returned from his problems to win the eclipse stakes started favourite, with la fleche, ridden on this occasion by john watts, strongly supported at 7 / 2. watts settled the filly in the early stages as orme set off in front. just after the turn into the straight, la fleche, travelling strongly, moved alongside
| 434 |
[
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",",
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] | 242,086 |
##eche, with her being one pound superior to flyaway. some were more cautious, however, suggesting that orme had not beaten any top horses. going into the 1892 season orme was a strong favourite for the epsom derby, with odds as short as 2 / 1 in december. in march he was still favourite, but had drifted out slightly to 5 / 2 due to the support for stablemate la fleche. = = = = suspected poisoning = = = = in late april there were reports that orme had a sore throat. this caused orme to drift in the betting for the derby, and la fleche became the
| 434 |
[
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] | 63,155 |
late @ - @ race attack the previous day and gained time back to wiggins. coppel, westra and rolland, the break initiators, then went clear again on the second @ - @ category cote de la vernaz, but the peloton were still closing in on them, after chasing down a group that had got clear on the climb. vincenzo nibali ( liquigas – cannondale ) remained off the front, and tried to close down the leaders. rolland and coppel dropped westra on the descent from the following col du corbier climb, where he was eventually joined by ni
| 434 |
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] | 608,427 |
##ro. movistar team riders began to step up the pace on the front of the peloton, looking to set up the basis for an eventual attack at mende by valverde. with around 50 km ( 31 @. @ 1 mi ) to go, ag2r – la mondiale's blel kadri exited the race, after breaking his left scapula in a crash. on the cote de l'estrade, astana's kevin seeldraeyers and rabobank's laurens ten dam attacked off the front of the main field, and set off in chase
| 434 |
[
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##pheimer and blel kadri of ag2r – la mondiale, on the descent with only valverde remaining ahead as they hit the col de peyresourde. for the second ascent of the col de peyresourde during the race, the riders would take the climb in the opposite direction from what they had done on the previous day, before a slight descent and then the final climb to peyragudes. valverde held a lead of 1'20 " at the top of the uncategorised pass, with only a handful of riders remaining with the group of the maillot
| 434 |
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three major climbs in the pyrenees. on the second, the col du tourmalet, lemond followed stephen roche in an attack, but was not given permission to help build on the gap over the field. the managers of his la vie claire team ordered the 24 @ - @ year @ - @ old lemond not to ride with roche, but to sit on his wheel, a tactic to use the rider in front as cover for wind resistance so the following rider uses less energy. the pace roche could put out by himself eventually slowed, and other riders came up to join the two men. hinault recovered as well, though he
| 434 |
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crossed the alt de coubet after 63 kilometres ( 39 @. @ 15 mi ). there was then a long climb to the alt de toses, the highest climb of the day, which came with 56 kilometres ( 34 @. @ 80 mi ) to the finish line. after the descent, the riders passed through alp, then began the first climb to la molina, a 12 @. @ 6 @ - @ kilometre ( 7 @. @ 8 mi ) climb at an average gradient of 4 @. @ 2 %, including a descent towards the top. the riders then descended back into alp and repeated the climb ;
| 434 |
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@, @ 000 m ( 6 @, @ 562 ft ) or higher – before the finish at la toussuire @ - @ les sybelles. the col de la croix de fer was the highest point reached in the alps in the 2012 tour, so the leader across the summit would win the souvenir henri desgrange. the finish was a first @ - @ category climb of 18 km ( 11 @. @ 2 mi ) at an average gradient of 6 @. @ 1 %. much like the previous day, a large breakaway was formed after several different groups advanced clear of the main field as they
| 434 |
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five astana riders, though not nibali. on the cote de la haute @ - @ levee, several riders attacked again to form a smaller breakaway ; these were tanel kangert and michele scarponi ( both astana ), manuele boaro ( tinkoff – saxo ), esteban chaves ( orica @ - @ greenedge ) and julian arredondo ( trek factory racing ). they had a 25 @ - @ second lead at the summit and, although boaro and arredondo were dropped on the col du rosier, this increased to more than a minute for a short while.
| 434 |
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challenge for the higher places included ilnur zakarin ( team katusha ), who had just won the tour de romandie, domenico pozzovivo ( ag2r la mondiale ), jurgen van den broeck ( lotto – soudal ), damiano caruso ( bmc ) and ryder hesjedal ( cannondale – garmin ), the winner of the 2012 giro d'italia. four former winners of the giro started the 2015 edition : contador, hesjedal, ivan basso ( tinkoff @ - @ saxo ) and damiano cunego
| 434 |
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before coming to the penultimate climb, the cote de la roche @ - @ aux @ - @ faucons ( 1 @. @ 5 kilometres ( 0 @. @ 93 mi ) at 9 @. @ 4 % ) with 19 kilometres ( 12 mi ) to the finish line. this was one of the most difficult climbs of the race, with frequent changes of gradient and a poor road surface. there was then another uncategorised climb and a steep descent into the outskirts of liege. the final climb of the day came with 6 @. @ 2 kilometres ( 3 @. @ 9 mi ) remaining. this was the cote de
| 434 |
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sired the first two of his ten classic winners. her dam, quiver produced la fleche ’ s full @ - @ sister memoir, who won the epsom oaks and the st leger as well as the influential broodmares maid marian and satchel. la fleche was trained for her first two seasons by john porter at kingsclere. at the end of her three @ - @ year @ - @ old season she was moved to the egerton house stable of richard marsh at newmarket, suffolk. attempts by anglophone writers to spell her name resulted in variations including la fleche, lafleche, la fleche ( the
| 434 |
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la mondiale came forwards in support of domenico pozzovivo. alexis vuillermoz led the peloton into the foot of the final climb, dropping van avermaet, the race leader, with about 8 kilometres ( 5 @. @ 0 mi ) left. giampaolo caruso ( team katusha ) was the next to attack. as he was approaching the summit and looking at the group behind, wout poels ( team sky ) attacked and came past on caruso's left. poels therefore entered the descent off the crispiero alone, with several seconds lead over the main group
| 434 |
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bastogne – liege by making a solo move forty @ - @ six kilometers from the finish. three days later, in la fleche wallonne, merckx was a part of a six @ - @ man leading group as the race neared its conclusion. merckx won the uphill sprint to the finish despite his derailleur shifting him to the wrong gear, forcing him to ride in a larger gear than anticipated. he became the third rider to win la fleche wallonne and liege – bastogne – liege in the same weekend. despite a monetary offer from race organizers for merckx to participate in the
| 434 |
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stage races. as it is part of the uci world tour, the 17 uci worldteams were automatically invited and obliged to send a team to liege – bastogne – liege. the race organisers ( aso, which also organises the tour de france ) also made eight wildcard invitations to uci professional continental teams. the peloton was therefore made up of 25 teams. six of the teams were also invited to la fleche wallonne. these included two belgian teams ( wanty – groupe gobert and topsport vlaanderen – baloise ), two french teams ( cofidis and team europc
| 434 |
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. the route crossed five categorised climbs in the first 120 kilometres ( 75 mi ), then entered a circuit that took the riders on two climbs of mont brouilly, a 3 @ - @ kilometre ( 1 @. @ 9 mi ) climb at 7 @. @ 7 % with the final 1 @, @ 000 metres ( 1 @, @ 100 yd ) at 9 @. @ 3 %. a group of sixteen riders escaped early in the stage. alexis gougeard ( ag2r la mondiale ) attacked along with laurent didier ( trek – segafredo ) and alexey lutsenko (
| 434 |
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crashing. the peloton was reduced to around 40 riders at the foot of the climb. although there were no bad injuries in the crash, roche and arashiro took some time to stand up, with roche looking particularly dazed. many of the riders who crashed attempted to get back into the peloton, with gerrans and martin among them. gerrans was forced to abandon the race shortly afterwards after he crashed for a second time. on the col de la redoute itself, kangert was dropped from the breakaway ; scarponi and chaves had a 35 @ - @ second lead at the summit and were
| 434 |
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half an hour behind the race leader bradley wiggins of team sky – who was fresh from his set @ - @ up work for team @ - @ mate alejandro valverde the previous day. around halfway through the stage, the advantage between the sixteen leaders and the main field reached its highest point of the day, at the 3'30 " mark, before bmc racing team and ag2r – la mondiale set the tempo to start bringing the leaders back to the peloton. in the peloton, several riders fell to the ground after a dog ran into their path, slowing the pace as a whole. among those
| 434 |
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] | 520,711 |
rode strongly at the ardennes classics. vinokourov took fourth in la fleche wallonne, six seconds back of winner philippe gilbert. kreuziger was also fourth, at the fourth monument liege – bastogne – liege, and also back of gilbert as race winner. the team also sent squads to the e3 prijs vlaanderen – harelbeke, gent @ - @ wevelgem, and the amstel gold race, but finished distantly in each, 16th, 66th, and 17th respectively. gasparotto turned in a fourth place ride at tre valli varesine
| 434 |
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peloton chasing behind. cancellara attacked first, but sagan came around the outside and freewheeled to his fourteenth victory of 2012, ahead of cancellara – who maintained his overall lead – and boasson hagen. gilbert led home the peloton in fourth, as 22 @ - @ year @ - @ old sagan became the youngest rider to win a tour stage since lance armstrong in 1993. the race remained in belgium for one more day with a flat course heading almost due west from vise. there was one fourth @ - @ category climb of the cote de la citadelle de namur during the stage
| 434 |
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] | 497,338 |
were by far the highest for any horse in 1892 and by the end of her second season, she had already earned more in prize money than any other filly. on her retirement it was said that she had been " nothing short of an idol " with the public. as noted above, la fleche was already in foal when racing in 1894 and produced her first foal, a filly called la veine in 1895. in 1896 maurice de hirsch died and all his bloodstock, including la fleche and la veine were put up for auction. she was sold for £ 12 @, @ 600 to marcus beresford
| 434 |
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] | 337,813 |
fourth of the monuments to take place in the 2015 season. milan – san remo and paris – roubaix has been won by john degenkolb ( giant – alpecin ), while the tour of flanders was won by alexander kristoff ( team katusha ). liege – bastogne – liege was the final event of the spring classics season and came as the conclusion to the ardennes classics, following the amstel gold race and la fleche wallonne. it was also part of the 2015 uci world tour, a season @ - @ long competition that included both one @ - @ day events and
| 434 |
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] | 792,924 |
and arroyo's stints in the pink jersey and tom stamsnijder's win in the traguardo volante classification meant that they did not come away from the giro empty @ - @ handed. only ag2r – la mondiale, cervelo testteam, footon – servetto – fuji, lampre – farnese vini, and team milram came away from the giro with nothing, even though milram had one of their riders ( paul voss ) wearing the mountains jersey at some point. = = classification leadership = = in the 2010 giro d'italia, four different
| 434 |
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] | 337,817 |
painfully dull ". the race began in liege, in place saint @ - @ lambert outside the prince @ - @ bishops'palace, with a neutral zone that took the riders out of the town to the south. the first 75 kilometres ( 47 mi ) of the race brought the peloton south, through aywaille to la roche @ - @ en @ - @ ardenne ; although the roads were not flat there were no difficult or categorised climbs. here the riders encountered the first classified climb of the day, the cote de la roche @ - @ en @ - @ ardenne ( 2 @. @ 8
| 434 |
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theuns ( topsport vlaanderen – baloise ) and frederik veuchelen ( wanty – groupe gobert ). they built a lead that reached four minutes, but were always under control by the peloton. team roompot did a lot of the work at the front of the peloton controlling the breakaway. with 48 kilometres ( 30 mi ) remaining, gorka izagirre ( movistar team ) and hugo houle ( ag2r la mondiale ) touched wheels and crashed after a sharp corner. houle continued, but izagirre was forced to abandon the
| 434 |
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movistar team ) and ian stannard ( team sky ) attacked and were joined by daniel oss ( bmc racing team ), matteo montaguti ( ag2r la mondiale ), and fabio sabatini ( etixx – quick @ - @ step ) on the descent. arnaud demare crashed on the climb, but was able to reach the field again as it got back to the attacking group at the bottom of the poggio. team katusha set the pace up the final climb, but michał kwiatkowski broke clear 6 km ( 3 @. @ 7 mi ) from the
| 434 |
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mi ) bridge to chongming island, from where the route followed the course of previous years, along slightly smaller roads to the finish. after four rounds of the 2015 uci women's road world cup, there had been four different winners ; jolien d'hoore at the ronde van drenthe, lizzie armitstead at the trofeo alfredo binda @ - @ comune di cittiglio, elisa longo borghini at the tour of flanders, and anna van der breggen at the la fleche wallonne feminine. anna van der breggen led the world cup standings as the racing moved to
| 434 |
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127 @. @ 7 mi ) route that started in waremme and ends in huy. the key aspect of la fleche wallonne is the climb of the mur de huy, which is crossed three times during the race ; the finishing line is at the top of the final climb of the mur. the race typically suits both puncheurs and climbers. la fleche wallonne had added importance in 2015 because the second stage of the 2015 tour de france was also scheduled to finish on the mur, so several riders rode the race as preparation. despite the addition of an additional climb late in the race, a group
| 434 |
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approached the first climb of the day, at the col de la madeleine. in total, there were 28 riders in the group at one point ; at the top of the climb, the pace picked up and the group splintered into several mini @ - @ groups as omega pharma – quick @ - @ step's peter velits scored the maximum points on offer for the climb, followed closely by astana rider fredrik kessiakoff. velits and kessiakoff pulled out a 45 @ - @ second advantage on the descent, but eight riders eventually bridged the gap and rejoined the duo before the col de
| 434 |
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first time it had ever been worn by a rider from the united states. the following day in the alps saw hinault attack again early on the first climb, but he was pulled back. attempting an escape on the descent, he was unable to separate himself from lemond. the la vie claire team leaders were both excellent descenders. as they ascended up the next col they continued to pull away from the field, and maintained the gap as they reached the base of the final climb, the vaunted alpe d'huez. they pressed on through the crowd, ascending the twenty @ - @ one switchbacks of alpe
| 434 |
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with 29 km ( 18 mi ) remaining, de gendt and sørensen had two minutes'lead ; this was reduced to less than a minute 3 @. @ 5 km ( 2 @. @ 2 mi ) later at the summit of the penultimate climb of the day, the cote de la croix blanche. andrew talansky ( cannondale – garmin ) and majka both suffered mechanical problems around the summit of this climb. etixx – quick @ - @ step continued to chase the breakaway down and they were caught with 13 km ( 8 mi ) remaining. at the base of the col de la croix de cha
| 434 |
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race in the final 28 km ( 17 @. @ 4 mi ) of the stage. for the celebration of bastille day, the breakaway had extensive french representation, with five of the eight @ - @ rider move – cofidis rider samuel dumoulin, fdj – bigmat's mathieu ladagnous, jimmy engoulvent of saur – sojasun, maxime bouet ( ag2r – la mondiale ) and jerome pineau, representing the omega pharma – quick @ - @ step team – from the country. the group was rounded out by pablo urtasun
| 434 |
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123 mi ) route from conde @ - @ sur @ - @ vesgre to vendome. there were no classified climbs in the first 173 kilometres ( 107 mi ). the final 25 kilometres ( 16 mi ), however, followed a circuit around vendome that included both climbs and gravel roads. the riders entered the circuit half @ - @ way round. they crossed the first gravel sector, the chemin de tourteline, then the chemin du tertre de la motte. the second sector included a third @ - @ category climb. there were just over 3 kilometres ( 1 @. @ 9 mi ) to
| 434 |
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@. @ 7 %, which was expected to suit the race's puncheurs such as bmc racing team rider philippe gilbert, who won a similar finish in the opening stage of the 2011 tour at mont des alouettes. six riders – yohann gene ( team europcar ), euskaltel – euskadi rider pablo urtasun, ag2r – la mondiale's maxime bouet, nicolas edet of cofidis, anthony delaplace ( saur – sojasun ) and saxo bank – tinkoff bank rider michael mørkøv – advanced clear
| 434 |
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. he started the 2 / 1 second favourite, with the evens favourite being la fleche who beat him in the st leger. la fleche was being hard ridden a long way from the finish. soon after orme took over the lead, but began to hang left. in the final furlong medicis passed la fleche and began to challenge orme, but could not get on terms and orme won by half a length, with la fleche a further three lengths back in third. orme and la fleche met again in the gordon stakes at goodwood with two other opponents, watercress and royal harry.
| 434 |
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he was one place away from imitating gilbert's ardennes triple, he described it as a " great week ". alaphilippe's second @ - @ place finish was the best for any french rider since laurent jalabert in 1998. he had entered the race in support of kwiatkowski. when kwiatkowski was struggling on the cote de saint @ - @ nicolas, the etixx @ - @ quick step directeur sportif sent a radio message to alaphilippe to ride for himself ; this was similar to the events in la fleche wallonne, where alaphilippe also
| 434 |
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state that the filly was in a " capital position " throughout the race. two days after her defeat in the derby, la fleche ran against fillies in the oaks. although some regarded her as a certainty, her odds drifted from 2 / 5 to 8 / 11 before the start. in the race she tracked the leader broad corrie before taking the lead in the straight apparently poised for an easy victory. in the final furlong however, she was closely pressed by the smew, a filly she had dealt with easily in the 1000 guineas, and barrett had to ride a vigorous finish to win the race by a short head. on
| 434 |
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the first intermediate sprint was won by simona frapporti ( ale – cipollini ), while a subsequent queen of the mountain climb was won by lauren kitchen ( team hitec products ). crossing the shanghai yangtze river bridge, some riders fell off the back of the peloton in the strong crosswinds. shortly after, two riders, hongyu liang ( china chongming – liv – champion system ) and anastasia chulkova ( bepink – la classica ), broke away and established a lead of roughly one minute, during which chulkova claimed the second intermediate sprint. team hitec products riders
| 434 |
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hagen followed not long later. five riders – lotto – belisol rider adam hansen, alexander vinokourov of astana, nuyens, luca paolini ( team katusha ) and fdj – bigmat's jeremy roy – came together at the bottom of the cote de lissac @ - @ sur @ - @ couze, before nuyens and roy were dropped on the climb. they were replaced in the group by ag2r – la mondiale's nicolas roche, radioshack – nissan rider andreas kloden and luis leon sanchez of rabobank, with the
| 434 |
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and topsport vlaanderen – baloise ), two french teams ( direct energie and cofidis ), a dutch team ( roompot – oranje peloton ), an italian team ( bardiani – csf ) and a polish team ( ccc – sprandi – polkowice ). each team could include eight riders. orica – bikeexchange's team of seven was the only one submitted with fewer than eight riders, but three riders ( team sky's ian stannard, team katusha's alexander kristoff and ag2r la mondiale
| 434 |
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– greenedge ), samuel dumoulin ( ag2r la mondiale ), sacha modolo ( lampre – merida ), moreno hofland ( lottonl – jumbo ), and giacomo nizzolo ( trek factory racing ). tinkoff – saxo aimed to defy the odds of a sprint finish, and named matti breschel as their captain. sam bennett ( bora – argon 18 ) was named as a " very strong outsider ". shortly after the peloton left the ferry in kiel's harbour, an early breakaway formed, including jan barta ( bo
| 434 |
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la doyenne ( named after the race itself ), the peloton left bastogne to the north @ - @ east. the first 17 kilometres ( 11 mi ) were fairly flat and took the riders to houffalize. after a fast descent came the cote de saint @ - @ roch ( 1 kilometre ( 0 @. @ 62 mi ) at 11 @. @ 2 % ). another fairly flat section followed : the route continued north for approximately 30 kilometres ( 19 mi ) on fairly major roads through gouvy and vielsalm. at this point, with 86 @. @ 5 kilometres (
| 434 |
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through the acceleration of the movistar team, helping valverde to get back into the stage equation. the main field reformed on the day's second categorised climb, the cote du pas de ventoux, but seven riders – mountains classification leader frederik veuchelen ( vacansoleil – dcm ), radioshack – nissan's jens voigt, project 1t4i rider simon geschke, luis leon sanchez of rabobank, mickael cherel ( ag2r – la mondiale ), fdj – bigmat's anthony geslin and daniel navarro of
| 434 |
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into the lead of the team classification. stage seven was the queen stage of the race, with five first @ - @ category climbs and the third @ - @ category col des aravis. it was the shortest in length of the three mountain stages. the initial 27 @. @ 5 km ( 17 @. @ 1 mi ) were flat apart from one small climb. the riders then began the climb of the col de tamie, which was followed by the ascent of col de la forclaz. after a decent and a number of small hills, the col de la croix fry was climbed. at the top a small drop and climb
| 434 |
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] | 631,220 |
##ston denied that request. in july 2008, savage claimed that the increasing rate of autism diagnoses was the result of " a racket " designed to get disability payments for " poorer families who have found a new way to be parasites on the government. " he returned to the subject on his july 16, 2008, show with the following remarks : now, the illness du jour is autism. you know what autism is? i'll tell you what autism is. in 99 percent of the cases, it's a brat who hasn't been told to cut the act out. that's what autism is. what do
| 166 |
[
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] | 400,283 |
a public health perspective the committee does not consider a significant investment in studies of the theoretical vaccine @ - @ autism connection to be useful at this time. " alison singer, a senior executive of autism speaks, resigned from the group in 2009 in a dispute over whether to fund more research on links between vaccination and autism, saying, " there isn't an unlimited pot of money, and every dollar spent looking where we know the answer isn't is one less dollar we have to spend where we might find new answers. " from 1988 until august 2010, 5 @, @ 632 claims relating to autism were made to office of
| 166 |
[
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"be",
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"anyone",
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] | 725,164 |
after the association between reye's syndrome and aspirin was reported, and safety measures to prevent it ( including a surgeon general's warning, and changes to the labeling of aspirin @ - @ containing drugs ) were implemented, aspirin taken by children declined considerably in the united states, as did the number of reported cases of reye's syndrome ; a similar decline was found in the united kingdom after warnings against pediatric aspirin use were issued. the u. s. food and drug administration now recommends aspirin ( or aspirin @ - @ containing products ) should not be given to anyone under
| 166 |
[
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"and",
"to",
"allow",
"bayer",
"to",
"enter",
"other",
"markets",
"(",
"e"
] | 723,082 |
time the deal had netted the plotters over two million dollars and there was already enough phenol to keep bayer's aspirin plant running. bayer's reputation took a large hit, however, just as the company was preparing to launch an advertising campaign to secure the connection between aspirin and the bayer brand. = = = bayer loses foreign holdings = = = beginning in 1915, bayer set up a number of shell corporations and subsidiaries in the united states, to hedge against the possibility of losing control of its american assets if the u. s. should enter the war and to allow bayer to enter other markets ( e
| 166 |
[
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"states",
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"greatly",
"increased",
"the"
] | 461,284 |
in those dying from the flu, as reported in the post mortem reports still available, and also the timing of the big " death spike " in october 1918 which happened right after the surgeon general of the united states army, and the journal of the american medical association both recommended very large doses of 8 @. @ 0 @ - @ 31 @. @ 2 g of aspirin per day. starko also suggests that the wave of aspirin poisonings was due to a " perfect storm " of events : bayer's patent on aspirin expired, so that many companies rushed in to make a profit and greatly increased the
| 166 |
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"sar",
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".",
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"of",
"the",
"virus",
"is"
] | 737,573 |
as the virus spreads, feng kidnaps orantes to use her as leverage to obtain mev @ - @ 1 vaccine doses for his village. orantes spends months living with the villagers until the vaccine is announced. feng exchanges orantes for the vaccine doses. her colleague mentions that the exchanged doses were placebos and orantes rushes away to warn them. the death toll reached 2 @. @ 5 million in the u. s. and 26 million worldwide. dr. hextall places samples of mev @ - @ 1 in cryogenic storage, alongside samples of h1n1 and sars. the source of the virus is
| 166 |
[
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"-",
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"some",
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"supporters",
",",
"such",
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",",
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"were",
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",",
"and",
"that",
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"##llo",
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"anyway",
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"this",
"happened",
",",
"the",
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"manufacturers",
"might",
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"discouraged",
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"manufacturing",
"childhood",
"vaccines",
",",
"which",
"might",
"lead",
"to",
"more",
"frequent",
"vaccine",
"shortages",
".",
"in",
"the"
] | 468,818 |
research into the hypothesized link between either the mmr vaccine and autism or thimerosal @ - @ containing vaccines and autism. this research had consistently come to the conclusion that no such link existed. however, some vaccine supporters, such as paul offit, argued that the standards for proving a vaccine had " caused " an adverse effect in the nvicp were far too low, and that the court might therefore find in favor of the cedillos anyway. they also argued that if this happened, the vaccine manufacturers might be discouraged from manufacturing childhood vaccines, which might lead to more frequent vaccine shortages. in the
| 166 |
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"##box",
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] | 725,181 |
##genase ( cox ; officially known as prostaglandin @ - @ endoperoxide synthase, ptgs ) enzyme required for prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis. aspirin acts as an acetylating agent where an acetyl group is covalently attached to a serine residue in the active site of the ptgs enzyme. this makes aspirin different from other nsaids ( such as diclofenac and ibuprofen ), which are reversible inhibitors. low @ - @ dose aspirin use irreversibly blocks the formation of thromboxane
| 166 |
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"as",
"##pi",
"##rin",
"regime",
"##n",
"(",
"about"
] | 723,098 |
= = revival as heart drug = = aspirin's effects on blood clotting ( as an antiplatelet agent ) were first noticed in 1950 by lawrence craven. craven, a family doctor in california, had been directing tonsillectomy patients to chew aspergum, an aspirin @ - @ laced chewing gum. he found that an unusual number of patients had to be hospitalized for severe bleeding, and that those patients had been using very high amounts of aspergum. craven began recommending daily aspirin to all his patients, and claimed that the patients who followed the aspirin regimen ( about
| 166 |
[
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"##cci",
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"##per",
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"international",
"efforts",
"to",
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"##dicate",
"pol",
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"in",
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"and",
"globally",
"since",
"the",
"virus",
"can",
"be",
"carried",
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"travelers",
".",
"=",
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"una",
"##di",
"##lla",
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"on",
"##aq",
"##ua",
"##ga",
"=",
"the",
"raid",
"on",
"una",
"##di",
"##lla"
] | 58,126 |
##n in pakistan that polio vaccine contained haram ingredients and could cause impotence and infertility in male children, leading some less @ - @ educated parents not to have their children vaccinated. this belief is most prevalent in the khyber pakhtunkhwa province and the fata region, where people are likely to be influenced by conservative teachings. there also have been attacks on polio vaccination teams. this is hampering international efforts to eradicate polio in pakistan and globally since the virus can be carried by travelers. = raid on unadilla and onaquaga = the raid on unadilla
| 166 |
[
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] | 723,052 |
generic name of the drug ; however, bayer's rights to the trademark were lost or sold in many countries. aspirin's popularity grew over the first half of the twentieth century leading to fierce competition with the proliferation of aspirin brands and products. aspirin's popularity declined after the development of acetaminophen / paracetamol in 1956 and ibuprofen in 1962. in the 1960s and 1970s, john vane and others discovered the basic mechanism of aspirin's effects, while clinical trials and other studies from the 1960s to the 1980s established aspirin's efficacy as an anti
| 166 |
[
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"##ly",
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"—",
"a"
] | 486,462 |
of polio in syria, with fears of contagion in rebel areas from lack of sanitation and safe @ - @ water services. in may 2014, the world health organization declared polio's renewed spread a world health emergency. a vaccination campaign in syria operated literally under fire and lead to the deaths of several vaccinators, but returned vaccination coverage to pre @ - @ war levels. no new cases have been reported since january 2014 ; vaccination continues, and iraq is also being closely monitored. in 2003 in northern nigeria — a country which at that time was considered provisionally polio free — a
| 166 |
[
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"-",
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".",
"although",
"as",
"##pi"
] | 723,068 |
decided to proceed with production. dreser wrote a report of the findings to publicize the new drug ; in it, he omitted any mention of hoffmann or eichengrun. he would also be the only one of the three to receive royalties for the drug ( for testing it ), since it was ineligible for any patent the chemists might have taken out for creating it. for many years, however, he attributed aspirin's discovery solely to hoffmann. the controversy over who was primarily responsible for aspirin's development spread through much of the twentieth century and into the twenty @ - @ first. although aspi
| 166 |
[
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"##cide",
"contamination",
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"these",
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"new",
"research",
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"methyl",
"##mer",
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".",
"third",
",",
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"in",
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",",
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"parents",
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"to",
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"for"
] | 400,255 |
fungicide contamination of wheat. these incidents led to new research on methylmercury safety and culminated in the publication of an array of confusing recommendations by public health agencies in the 1990s warning against methylmercury exposure in adults and pregnant women, which ensured a continued high public awareness of mercury toxicity. second, the vaccine schedule for infants expanded in the 1990s to include more vaccines, some of which, including the hib vaccine, dtap vaccine and hepatitis b vaccine, could have contained thiomersal. third, the number of diagnoses of autism grew in the 1990s, leading parents of these children to search for an explanation for
| 166 |
[
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] | 725,137 |
group of medications called nonsteroidal anti @ - @ inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ), but differs from most other nsaids in the mechanism of action. the salicylates have similar effects ( antipyretic, anti @ - @ inflammatory, analgesic ) to the other nsaids and inhibit the same enzyme cyclooxygenase ( cox ), but aspirin does so in an irreversible manner and, unlike others, affects the cox @ - @ 1 variant more than the cox @ - @ 2 variant of the enzyme. aspirin also has an antiplatelet effect by stopping the binding
| 166 |
[
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"(",
"85"
] | 866,008 |
##opathogens. etec is the type of e. coli that most vaccine development efforts are focused on. antibodies against the lt and major cfs of etec provide protection against lt @ - @ producing etec expressing homologous cfs. oral inactivated vaccines consisting of toxin antigen and whole cells, i. e. the licensed recombinant cholera b subunit ( rctb ) - wc cholera vaccine dukoral have been developed. there are currently no licensed vaccines for etec, though several are in various stages of development. in different trials, the rctb @ - @ wc cholera vaccine provided high ( 85
| 166 |
[
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"date",
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".",
"in",
"the",
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"-",
"@",
"1960s",
"u",
"@",
"-"
] | 774,168 |
purchase date, the university's intentions for the space were not announced, but the expectation is that the new space will allow the university to ramp up its research and ultimately employ in excess of 2 @, @ 000 people. the university is also a major contributor to the medical field with the ekg, gastroscope, and the announcement of jonas salk's polio vaccine. the university's 13 @, @ 000 @ - @ acre ( 53 km2 ) biological station in the northern lower peninsula of michigan is one of only 47 biosphere reserves in the united states. in the mid @ - @ 1960s u @ -
| 166 |
[
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"##rin",
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"@",
"-",
"@",
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"in",
"india",
"and"
] | 749,635 |
questioned this universal applicability given the high mortality rate in countries such as india, where there was little or no access to aspirin at the time. they concluded that " the salicylate [ aspirin ] poisoning hypothesis [ was ] difficult to sustain as the primary explanation for the unusual virulence of the 1918 – 1919 influenza pandemic ". but they overlooked that inexpensive aspirin had become available in india and other places after october 1918, when the bayer patent expired. in responding, starko pointed to anecdotal evidence of aspirin over @ - @ prescription in india and
| 166 |
[
"24",
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".",
"the",
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"”",
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",",
"referring",
"to",
"the"
] | 486,473 |
24 october ) was established by rotary international to commemorate the birth of jonas salk, who led the first team to develop a vaccine against poliomyelitis. use of this inactivated poliovirus vaccine and subsequent widespread use of the oral poliovirus vaccine developed by albert sabin led to establishment of the global polio eradication initiative ( gpei ) in 1988. since then, gpei has reduced polio worldwide by 99 %. the term derives from the ancient greek polios ( πολιος ), meaning " grey ", myelos ( µυελος “ marrow ” ), referring to the
| 166 |
[
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"and",
"deaths",
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"62",
"%",
"for",
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] | 828,958 |
##1n1 vaccine has a safety profile similar to that of seasonal vaccine. [ 2 ] in 2011, a study from the us flu vaccine effectiveness network estimated the overall effectiveness of all pandemic h1n1 vaccines at 56 %. a cdc study released 28 jan 2013, estimated that the pandemic h1n1 vaccine saved roughly 300 lives and prevented about 1 million illnesses in the us. the study concluded that had the vaccination program started 2 weeks earlier, close to 60 % more cases could have been prevented. the study was based on an effectiveness in preventing cases, hospitalizations, and deaths of 62 % for all
| 166 |
[
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"hilary",
"ko",
"##pro",
"##wski",
".",
"ko",
"##pro",
"##wski",
"'",
"s",
"prototype"
] | 486,439 |
##lobulin was later deemed impractical for widespread use and the medical community focused on the development of a polio vaccine. two types of vaccine are used throughout the world to combat polio. both types induce immunity to polio, efficiently blocking person @ - @ to @ - @ person transmission of wild poliovirus, thereby protecting both individual vaccine recipients and the wider community ( so @ - @ called herd immunity ). the first candidate polio vaccine, based on one serotype of a live but attenuated ( weakened ) virus, was developed by the virologist hilary koprowski. koprowski's prototype
| 166 |
[
"further",
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"in",
"1957",
".",
"gui",
"##lla",
"##in",
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"pure",
"ata",
"##xia",
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"ph",
"##ary",
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"##al",
"@",
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"@",
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"@",
"-",
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"##chia",
"##l",
"weakness",
".",
"the",
"ax",
"##onal",
"sub",
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".",
"diagnostic",
"criteria",
"were",
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"in",
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"the",
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"of",
"cases",
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"sw",
"##ine",
"flu",
"va",
"##cci",
"##nation",
".",
"these",
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"refined",
"in",
"1990",
".",
"the",
"case",
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"was",
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"by",
"the",
"brighton",
"collaboration",
"for",
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"safety",
"in",
"2009",
",",
"but",
"is",
"mainly",
"intended",
"for",
"research",
".",
"plasma",
"exchange"
] | 295,546 |
further contributions with another paper in 1957. guillain had reported on some of these features prior to their full description in 1938. further subtypes have been described since then, such as the form featuring pure ataxia and the type causing pharyngeal @ - @ cervical @ - @ brachial weakness. the axonal subtype was first described in the 1990s. diagnostic criteria were developed in the late 1970s after the series of cases associated with swine flu vaccination. these were refined in 1990. the case definition was revised by the brighton collaboration for vaccine safety in 2009, but is mainly intended for research. plasma exchange
| 166 |
[
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",",
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"as",
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"or",
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".",
"a",
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".",
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".",
"two",
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"the",
"efficacy",
"of",
"available",
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".",
"one",
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"a",
"subunit",
"vaccine",
"to",
"bc",
"##g",
",",
"while",
"the",
"other",
"strategy",
"is",
"attempting",
"to",
"create",
"new",
"and",
"better",
"live",
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".",
"mv",
"##a",
"##85",
"##a",
",",
"an",
"example",
"of",
"a",
"subunit",
"vaccine",
",",
"currently",
"in",
"trials",
"in",
"south",
"africa",
","
] | 781,551 |
stigma, as those with tb are often perceived as difficult or otherwise undesirable. a greater understanding of the social and cultural dimensions of tuberculosis may also help with stigma reduction. the bcg vaccine has limitations, and research to develop new tb vaccines is ongoing. a number of potential candidates are currently in phase i and ii clinical trials. two main approaches are being used to attempt to improve the efficacy of available vaccines. one approach involves adding a subunit vaccine to bcg, while the other strategy is attempting to create new and better live vaccines. mva85a, an example of a subunit vaccine, currently in trials in south africa,
| 166 |
[
"=",
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"=",
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"=",
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",",
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"##nch",
"##os",
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".",
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"##tic",
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"##cer",
"##s",
",",
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",",
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"as",
"##pi",
"##rin",
".",
"even",
"if",
"none",
"of",
"these",
"conditions",
"is"
] | 725,157 |
= = adverse effects = = = = = contraindications = = = aspirin should not be taken by people who are allergic to ibuprofen or naproxen, or who have salicylate intolerance or a more generalized drug intolerance to nsaids, and caution should be exercised in those with asthma or nsaid @ - @ precipitated bronchospasm. owing to its effect on the stomach lining, manufacturers recommend people with peptic ulcers, mild diabetes, or gastritis seek medical advice before using aspirin. even if none of these conditions is
| 166 |
[
"also",
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"he",
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"a",
"meeting",
"during",
"which",
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"cot",
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"##ly",
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"##n",
".",
"however",
",",
"he",
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",",
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"the",
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"##lman",
"##n",
"paper",
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".",
"retired",
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"ne",
"##uro",
"##logist",
"marcel",
"kin",
"##sb",
"##our",
"##ne",
"testified",
"that",
"michelle",
"was",
"developing",
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"until",
"december",
"20",
",",
"1995",
",",
"when",
"she",
"was",
"va",
"##cci",
"##nated",
"with",
"the",
"mm",
"##r",
"vaccine",
",",
"and",
"that",
"the",
"fever",
"and",
"rash",
"she",
"experienced",
"shortly",
"thereafter",
"was",
"caused",
"by",
"this",
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".",
"he",
"also",
"testified",
"that",
"michelle",
"had",
"reg",
"##ress",
"##ive",
"autism",
",",
"and",
"that",
"\"",
"since"
] | 468,830 |
also testified that he attended a meeting during which dr. cotter orally reported that his testing reached results similar to those reported by uhlmann. however, he also acknowledged that this lab never published sequencing data, which is in line with the fact that the uhlmann paper does not mention the sequencing process. retired pediatric neurologist marcel kinsbourne testified that michelle was developing normally until december 20, 1995, when she was vaccinated with the mmr vaccine, and that the fever and rash she experienced shortly thereafter was caused by this vaccine. he also testified that michelle had regressive autism, and that " since
| 166 |
[
"facing",
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".",
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",",
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"the",
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"as",
"well",
"as",
"ownership",
"of",
"the",
"as",
"##pi",
"##rin",
"trademark"
] | 723,087 |
facing competition from other companies. sterling president william e. weiss had ambitions to sell bayer aspirin not only in the u. s., but to compete with the german bayer abroad as well. taking advantage of the losses farbenfabriken bayer ( the german bayer company ) suffered through the reparation provisions of the treaty of versailles, weiss worked out a deal with carl duisberg to share profits in the americas, australia, south africa and great britain for most bayer drugs, in return for technical assistance in manufacturing the drugs. sterling also took over bayer's canadian assets as well as ownership of the aspirin trademark
| 166 |
[
"ada",
",",
"john",
"cairns",
",",
"stephen",
"fa",
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"de",
"st",
".",
"gr",
"##oth",
",",
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"en",
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"##lit",
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",",
"my",
"##x",
"##oma",
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",",
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"##is",
",",
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",",
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".",
"burn",
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";",
"he",
"developed",
"techniques",
"to",
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"and",
"study",
"the",
"virus",
",",
"including",
"hem",
"##ag",
"##gl",
"##uti",
"##nation",
"ass",
"##ays",
".",
"he",
"worked",
"on",
"a",
"live",
"vaccine",
"against",
"influenza",
",",
"but",
"the",
"vaccine",
"was",
"unsuccessful",
"when",
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".",
"his",
"interest",
"in",
"the",
"influenza",
"receptor",
"led",
"him",
"to",
"discover",
"the",
"ne",
"##uram",
"##ini",
"##das",
"##e",
"that",
"is",
"secret",
"##ed",
"by",
"vi",
"##bri",
"##o",
"cholera",
"##e",
","
] | 748,432 |
ada, john cairns, stephen fazekas de st. groth, and frank fenner made significant contributions on murray valley encephalitis, myxomatosis, poliomyelitis, poxviruses, herpes and influenza. burnet made significant contributions to influenza research ; he developed techniques to grow and study the virus, including hemagglutination assays. he worked on a live vaccine against influenza, but the vaccine was unsuccessful when tested during world war ii. his interest in the influenza receptor led him to discover the neuraminidase that is secreted by vibrio cholerae,
| 166 |
[
"the",
"ren",
"##ssel",
"##aer",
"plant",
"and",
"all",
"bayer",
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".",
"it",
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",",
"inc",
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"##rin",
"and",
"the",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"rights",
"to",
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"name",
"and",
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"were",
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"back",
"to",
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"ag",
"in",
"1994",
"for",
"us",
"$",
"1",
"billion",
".",
"=",
"=",
"inter",
"##war",
"years",
"=",
"=",
"with",
"the",
"coming",
"of",
"the",
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"flu",
"pan",
"##de",
"##mic",
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"1918",
",",
"as",
"##pi",
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"drugs",
"in",
"the",
"ph",
"##arm",
"##aco",
"##pe",
"##ia",
"of",
"the",
"time"
] | 723,084 |
the rensselaer plant and all bayer's american patents and trademarks, including even the bayer brand name and the bayer cross logo. it was bought by a patent medicine company, sterling products, inc. the rights to bayer aspirin and the u. s. rights to the bayer name and trademarks were sold back to bayer ag in 1994 for us $ 1 billion. = = interwar years = = with the coming of the deadly spanish flu pandemic in 1918, aspirin — by whatever name — secured a reputation as one of the most powerful and effective drugs in the pharmacopeia of the time
| 166 |
[
"##y",
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"it",
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"##pi",
"##rin",
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"@",
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"of",
"cox",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"2",
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"cy",
"##cl",
"##oo",
"##xy",
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"to",
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"##ox",
"##y",
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"and",
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"con",
"##se",
"##quent",
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"of",
"specialized",
"pro",
"##res",
"##ol",
"##ving",
"media",
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"to",
"the",
"anti",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"inflammatory",
"effects",
"of",
"as",
"##pi",
"##rin",
".",
"="
] | 725,187 |
##y products which are then further metabolized to specialized proresolving mediators such as the aspirin @ - @ triggered lipoxins, aspirin @ - @ triggered resolvins, and aspirin @ - @ triggered maresins. these mediators possess potent anti @ - @ inflammatory activity. it is proposed that this aspirin @ - @ triggered transition of cox @ - @ 2 from cyclooxygenase to lipoxygenase activity and the consequential formation of specialized proresolving mediators contributes to the anti @ - @ inflammatory effects of aspirin. =
| 166 |
[
"a",
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"ga",
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"@",
"-",
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"for",
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"@",
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"=",
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"##s",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"a",
"widespread",
"mis",
"##con",
"##ception",
"has",
"arise"
] | 58,125 |
a deal with the taliban to encourage them to distribute the vaccine in areas they control. = = society and culture = = the wholesale cost is about 0 @. @ 25 usd per dose for the oral form as of 2014. the inactivated vaccine is available to gavi @ - @ supported countries for as little as eur 0 @. @ 75 per dose ( approximately usd 1 @. @ 00 per dose at current exchange rates ) in ten @ - @ dose vials. in the united states it costs between 25 and 50 usd for the inactivated form. = = = misconceptions = = = a widespread misconception has arise
| 166 |
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