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[
"states",
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"the",
"issue",
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",",
"and",
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"##dict",
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"written",
"documents",
".",
"more",
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",",
"the",
"problem",
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"proving",
"that",
"the",
"test",
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"create",
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"trust",
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"as",
"in",
"mcc",
"##or",
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"v",
"gr",
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"the",
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] | 378,351 |
states that where there is written evidence, oral testimony cannot be introduced to the court if it contradicts that evidence. since secret trusts are oral and normally exist outside of the will ( a written document ) this causes problems. in re keen, the issue came up, and the court of appeal decided that the parol evidence rule extended to secret trusts, and such trusts could not be enforced if they contradicted written documents. more generally, the problem is proving that the testator intended to create a trust. as in mccormic v grogan, the standard is high ; the person trying to enforce the trust must show " most
| 233 |
[
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"as",
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"colin",
"cooper",
",",
"the",
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"be",
"permitted"
] | 378,345 |
half @ - @ secret trust is again similar to fully secret trusts ; it can be communicated either directly, or tacitly. the failure of a half @ - @ secret trust, such as where the beneficiaries of the trust cannot be shown, or communication is not at or before the execution of the will. there are a variety of practical rules in these trusts'use, which span both fully secret and half @ - @ secret trusts. if a testator alters the terms of the trust or the trust property, he must inform the intended trustee ; if not, as in re colin cooper, the trustee will be permitted
| 233 |
[
"or",
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"it",
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"the",
"fact",
"that",
"the",
"ben",
"##ef",
"##icia",
"##ry",
"of",
"the"
] | 378,340 |
or understanding, it is in effect a case of trust ". acceptance, therefore, can be communicated in one of two ways ; either by the trustee directly stating his acceptance, or by implying it through not declining. if a secret trust cannot be established, the beneficiary will hold outright. if a secret trust can be shown, but not its terms ( or communication post @ - @ dated the testator's death ), then the would @ - @ be trustee will hold on resulting trust for the testator's estate. with a half @ - @ secret trust, the fact that the beneficiary of the
| 233 |
[
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"present",
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".",
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".",
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".",
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"as",
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".",
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".",
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"the",
"original",
"cutting",
"is",
"unknown",
",",
"the",
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] | 326,741 |
its present flawless 43 @. @ 38 carats ( 8 @. @ 676 g ) emerald cut shape. winston sold the diamond to a new york jewellery firm in 1942. mrs. william b. leeds of new york received the gem in 1944 as a sixth anniversary present and wore it in a ring. the nassak diamond was last sold at an auction in new york in 1970 to edward j. hand, a 48 @ - @ year @ - @ old trucking firm executive from greenwich, connecticut. the nassak diamond originated in the 15th century in india. although the date of the original cutting is unknown, the original
| 99 |
[
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"tr",
"##ub",
"##y",
"wearing",
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"hat",
"inside",
","
] | 154,086 |
and shootouts were also commonplace. one shootout involved town marshal johnny diamond and mine guard jack truby. tensions between diamond and truby temporarily shut down the kinner mine. truby was hired by colonel enos wall, foreman and owner of the kinner, to guard the mine until told otherwise. diamond went to the kinner mine to serve the closure warrant, but truby refused to allow diamond into the mine, and forced diamond to leave the property immediately. the gunfight started during court proceedings in the back room of a saloon. diamond and truby argued about truby wearing his hat inside,
| 99 |
[
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"as",
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"not",
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"have",
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"international",
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"issue",
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"with",
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"=",
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"manufacturing",
"technologies",
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"=",
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] | 242,020 |
coatings in the 1980s. in recent years, there has been a rise in cases of undisclosed synthetic diamond melee being found in set jewelry and within diamond parcels sold in the trade. due to the relatively inexpensive cost of diamond melee, as well as relative lack of universal knowledge for identifying large quantities of melee efficiently, not all dealers have made an effort to test diamond melee to correctly identify whether it is of natural or man @ - @ made origin. however, international laboratories are now beginning to tackle the issue head @ - @ on, with significant improvements in synthetic melee identification being made. = = manufacturing technologies = = there are several methods used to
| 99 |
[
",",
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",",
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"which",
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"\"",
"fen",
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",",
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] | 811,453 |
, a jeweler and watch manufacturer ; " hermes ", a luxury goods company ; " lorraine schwartz ", a celebrity jeweler ; " ralph lauren purple label ", a higher @ - @ end division of the famous designer's clothing line ; " natura bisse diamond cream ", a diamond dust mixed with cream ; " 6 star pent suites " ( penthouse ), of which only a handful exist in the world, such as at crown macau in china and dreams los cabos near san jose del cabo in mexico ; " the amalfi coast ", located in southern italy ; " fendi ", a luxury
| 99 |
[
"the",
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"has",
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"up",
"a",
"body",
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".",
"this",
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"string",
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"tracking",
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"and",
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"the",
"\"",
"conflict",
"free",
"\"",
"label",
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"=",
"=",
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"=",
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",",
"as",
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"to",
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"mined",
"from",
"the",
"earth",
".",
"the",
"gem",
"##ological",
"and",
"industrial",
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"of",
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"have",
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"a",
"large",
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"for",
"rough",
"stones",
".",
"this",
"demand",
"has",
"been",
"satisfied",
"in",
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"synthetic",
"diamonds",
",",
"which",
"have",
"been",
"manufactured",
"by",
"various",
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"for",
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".",
"however",
",",
"in",
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"years",
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"has",
"become"
] | 436,649 |
the canadian government has set up a body known as the canadian diamond code of conduct to help authenticate canadian diamonds. this is a stringent tracking system of diamonds and helps protect the " conflict free " label of canadian diamonds. = = synthetics, simulants, and enhancements = = synthetic diamonds are diamonds manufactured in a laboratory, as opposed to diamonds mined from the earth. the gemological and industrial uses of diamond have created a large demand for rough stones. this demand has been satisfied in large part by synthetic diamonds, which have been manufactured by various processes for more than half a century. however, in recent years it has become
| 99 |
[
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".",
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"to",
"3",
"@",
".",
"@",
"5",
".",
"bo",
"##rt",
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",",
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"venezuela",
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"guyana",
",",
"are",
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"-",
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"and",
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"a",
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"and",
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"##op",
"##hil",
"##ia",
".",
"the",
"former",
"property",
"means",
"a",
"drop",
"of",
"water",
"placed",
"on"
] | 320,802 |
planes and its specific gravity varies widely from 2 @. @ 9 to 3 @. @ 5. bort diamonds, found in brazil, venezuela, and guyana, are the most common type of industrial @ - @ grade diamond. they are also polycrystalline and often poorly crystallized ; they are translucent and cleave easily. because of its great hardness and strong molecular bonding, a cut diamond's facets and facet edges appear the flattest and sharpest. a curious side effect of diamond's surface perfection is hydrophobia combined with lipophilia. the former property means a drop of water placed on
| 99 |
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"leone",
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"##f",
".",
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",",
"was",
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"—",
"an",
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"criticised",
"by",
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"and",
"the",
"international",
"media",
"given",
"the",
"ru",
"##f",
"'",
"s",
"history",
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"smuggling",
".",
"however",
",",
"peter",
"hai",
"##n",
",",
"minister",
"of",
"state",
"for",
"africa",
",",
"suggested",
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"british",
"government",
"had",
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"choice",
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"##e",
"the",
"lo",
"##me",
"agreement",
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"ru",
"##f",
"'",
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",",
"and",
"that",
"the"
] | 526,776 |
sierra leone army ( sla ) and the ruf. it also gave the ruf status as a legitimate political party, a role in the sierra leone government, and four of the twenty @ - @ two seats in the cabinet. foday sankoh, leader of the ruf, was given responsibility for the diamond mines — an appointment much criticised by observers and the international media given the ruf's history of diamond smuggling. however, peter hain, minister of state for africa, suggested that the british government had no choice but to endorse the lome agreement given the ruf's dominance, and that the
| 99 |
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"##ah",
"##ed",
"##ra",
"known",
"as",
"mac",
"##les",
".",
"as",
"diamond",
"'",
"s",
"crystal",
"structure",
"has",
"a",
"cubic",
"arrangement",
"of",
"the",
"atoms",
",",
"they",
"have",
"many",
"face",
"##ts",
"that",
"belong",
"to",
"a",
"cube",
",",
"oct",
"##ah",
"##ed",
"##ron",
",",
"r",
"##hom",
"##bic",
"##osi",
"##do",
"##de",
"##ca",
"##hedron",
",",
"te",
"##tra",
"##kis",
"he",
"##xa",
"##hedron",
"or",
"di",
"##sd",
"##ya",
"##kis",
"dod",
"##eca",
"##hedron",
".",
"the",
"crystals",
"can",
"have",
"rounded",
"off",
"and",
"une",
"##x",
"##pressive",
"edges",
"and",
"can",
"be",
"elongated",
".",
"sometimes",
"they",
"are",
"found",
"grown",
"together",
"or",
"form",
"double",
"\"",
"twinned",
"\"",
"crystals",
"at",
"the",
"surfaces",
"of",
"the",
"oct",
"##ah",
"##ed",
"##ron",
".",
"these",
"different",
"shapes",
"and",
"habits",
"of",
"some",
"diamonds",
"result",
"from",
"differing",
"external",
"circumstances",
".",
"diamonds"
] | 436,593 |
as euhedral or rounded octahedra and twinned octahedra known as macles. as diamond's crystal structure has a cubic arrangement of the atoms, they have many facets that belong to a cube, octahedron, rhombicosidodecahedron, tetrakis hexahedron or disdyakis dodecahedron. the crystals can have rounded off and unexpressive edges and can be elongated. sometimes they are found grown together or form double " twinned " crystals at the surfaces of the octahedron. these different shapes and habits of some diamonds result from differing external circumstances. diamonds
| 99 |
[
"were",
"known",
"to",
"be",
"found",
"only",
"in",
"all",
"##u",
"##vial",
"deposits",
"in",
"southern",
"india",
".",
"india",
"led",
"the",
"world",
"in",
"diamond",
"production",
"from",
"the",
"time",
"of",
"their",
"discovery",
"in",
"approximately",
"the",
"9th",
"century",
"bce",
"to",
"the",
"mid",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"18th",
"century",
"ad",
",",
"but",
"the",
"commercial",
"potential",
"of",
"these",
"sources",
"had",
"been",
"exhausted",
"by",
"the",
"late",
"18th",
"century",
"and",
"at",
"that",
"time",
"india",
"was",
"eclipse",
"##d",
"by",
"brazil",
"where",
"the",
"first",
"non",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"indian",
"diamonds",
"were",
"found",
"in",
"1725",
".",
"diamond",
"production",
"of",
"primary",
"deposits",
"(",
"kim",
"##ber",
"##lite",
"##s",
"and",
"lamp",
"##roi",
"##tes",
")",
"only",
"started",
"in",
"the",
"1870s",
"after",
"the",
"discovery",
"of",
"the",
"diamond",
"fields",
"in",
"south",
"africa",
".",
"production",
"has",
"increased",
"over",
"time",
"and",
"now",
"an",
"accumulated",
"total",
"of",
"4",
"@",
"."
] | 61,814 |
were known to be found only in alluvial deposits in southern india. india led the world in diamond production from the time of their discovery in approximately the 9th century bce to the mid @ - @ 18th century ad, but the commercial potential of these sources had been exhausted by the late 18th century and at that time india was eclipsed by brazil where the first non @ - @ indian diamonds were found in 1725. diamond production of primary deposits ( kimberlites and lamproites ) only started in the 1870s after the discovery of the diamond fields in south africa. production has increased over time and now an accumulated total of 4 @.
| 99 |
[
"moi",
"##ssa",
"##ni",
"##te",
"is",
"similar",
"to",
"diamond",
"in",
"several",
"important",
"respects",
":",
"it",
"is",
"transparent",
"and",
"hard",
"(",
"9",
"–",
"9",
"@",
".",
"@",
"5",
"on",
"the",
"mo",
"##hs",
"scale",
",",
"compared",
"to",
"10",
"for",
"diamond",
")",
",",
"with",
"a",
"ref",
"##ractive",
"index",
"between",
"2",
"@",
".",
"@",
"65",
"and",
"2",
"@",
".",
"@",
"69",
"(",
"compared",
"to",
"2",
"@",
".",
"@",
"42",
"for",
"diamond",
")",
".",
"moi",
"##ssa",
"##ni",
"##te",
"is",
"somewhat",
"harder",
"than",
"common",
"cubic",
"z",
"##ir",
"##con",
"##ia",
".",
"unlike",
"diamond",
",",
"moi",
"##ssa",
"##ni",
"##te",
"can",
"be",
"strongly",
"bi",
"##re",
"##fr",
"##ingen",
"##t",
".",
"for",
"this",
"reason",
",",
"moi",
"##ssa",
"##ni",
"##te",
"jewels",
"are",
"cut",
"along",
"the",
"optic",
"axis",
"of",
"the",
"crystal",
"to",
"minimize",
"bi",
"##re",
"##fr",
"##ingen",
"##t",
"effects",
".",
"it",
"is"
] | 541,444 |
moissanite is similar to diamond in several important respects : it is transparent and hard ( 9 – 9 @. @ 5 on the mohs scale, compared to 10 for diamond ), with a refractive index between 2 @. @ 65 and 2 @. @ 69 ( compared to 2 @. @ 42 for diamond ). moissanite is somewhat harder than common cubic zirconia. unlike diamond, moissanite can be strongly birefringent. for this reason, moissanite jewels are cut along the optic axis of the crystal to minimize birefringent effects. it is
| 99 |
[
"the",
"sale",
"of",
"blood",
"diamonds",
"or",
"conflict",
"diamonds",
"by",
"african",
"paramilitary",
"groups",
".",
"the",
"diamond",
"supply",
"chain",
"is",
"controlled",
"by",
"a",
"limited",
"number",
"of",
"powerful",
"businesses",
",",
"and",
"is",
"also",
"highly",
"concentrated",
"in",
"a",
"small",
"number",
"of",
"locations",
"around",
"the",
"world",
".",
"only",
"a",
"very",
"small",
"fraction",
"of",
"the",
"diamond",
"ore",
"consists",
"of",
"actual",
"diamonds",
".",
"the",
"ore",
"is",
"crushed",
",",
"during",
"which",
"care",
"is",
"required",
"not",
"to",
"destroy",
"larger",
"diamonds",
",",
"and",
"then",
"sorted",
"by",
"density",
".",
"today",
",",
"diamonds",
"are",
"located",
"in",
"the",
"diamond",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"rich",
"density",
"fraction",
"with",
"the",
"help",
"of",
"x",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"ray",
"flu",
"##orescence",
",",
"after",
"which",
"the",
"final",
"sorting",
"steps",
"are",
"done",
"by",
"hand",
".",
"before",
"the",
"use",
"of",
"x",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"rays",
"became",
"commonplace",
",",
"the"
] | 436,642 |
the sale of blood diamonds or conflict diamonds by african paramilitary groups. the diamond supply chain is controlled by a limited number of powerful businesses, and is also highly concentrated in a small number of locations around the world. only a very small fraction of the diamond ore consists of actual diamonds. the ore is crushed, during which care is required not to destroy larger diamonds, and then sorted by density. today, diamonds are located in the diamond @ - @ rich density fraction with the help of x @ - @ ray fluorescence, after which the final sorting steps are done by hand. before the use of x @ - @ rays became commonplace, the
| 99 |
[
"diamond",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"like",
".",
"reflections",
"on",
"a",
"properly",
"cut",
"diamond",
"'",
"s",
"face",
"##ts",
"are",
"und",
"##isto",
"##rted",
",",
"due",
"to",
"their",
"flat",
"##ness",
".",
"the",
"ref",
"##ractive",
"index",
"of",
"diamond",
"(",
"as",
"measured",
"via",
"sodium",
"light",
",",
"58",
"##9",
"@",
".",
"@",
"3",
"nm",
")",
"is",
"2",
"@",
".",
"@",
"417",
".",
"because",
"it",
"is",
"cubic",
"in",
"structure",
",",
"diamond",
"is",
"also",
"iso",
"##tro",
"##pic",
".",
"its",
"high",
"di",
"##sper",
"##sion",
"of",
"0",
"@",
".",
"@",
"04",
"##4",
"(",
"variation",
"of",
"ref",
"##ractive",
"index",
"across",
"the",
"visible",
"spectrum",
")",
"manifest",
"##s",
"in",
"the",
"per",
"##ce",
"##pt",
"##ible",
"fire",
"of",
"cut",
"diamonds",
".",
"this",
"fire",
"—",
"flashes",
"of",
"prism",
"##atic",
"colors",
"seen",
"in",
"transparent",
"stones",
"—",
"is",
"perhaps",
"diamond",
"'",
"s",
"most",
"important",
"optical",
"property",
"from"
] | 320,814 |
diamond @ - @ like. reflections on a properly cut diamond's facets are undistorted, due to their flatness. the refractive index of diamond ( as measured via sodium light, 589 @. @ 3 nm ) is 2 @. @ 417. because it is cubic in structure, diamond is also isotropic. its high dispersion of 0 @. @ 044 ( variation of refractive index across the visible spectrum ) manifests in the perceptible fire of cut diamonds. this fire — flashes of prismatic colors seen in transparent stones — is perhaps diamond's most important optical property from
| 99 |
[
"and",
"a",
"son",
",",
"bruno",
".",
"diamond",
"was",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"throat",
"cancer",
"in",
"1997",
"and",
"died",
"in",
"march",
"2001",
",",
"aged",
"47",
".",
"one",
"of",
"his",
"last",
"messages",
"to",
"lawson",
"was",
",",
"\"",
"how",
"proud",
"i",
"am",
"of",
"you",
"and",
"what",
"you",
"have",
"become",
".",
"the",
"great",
"thing",
"about",
"us",
"is",
"that",
"we",
"have",
"made",
"us",
"who",
"we",
"are",
".",
"\"",
"his",
"death",
"occurred",
"during",
"the",
"filming",
"of",
"nigel",
"##la",
"bites",
";",
"\"",
"i",
"took",
"a",
"fort",
"##night",
"off",
".",
"but",
"i",
"'",
"m",
"not",
"a",
"great",
"believer",
"in",
"breaks",
"\"",
",",
"lawson",
"explained",
";",
"she",
"suffered",
"a",
"bout",
"of",
"depression",
"following",
"the",
"funeral",
".",
"after",
"diamond",
"'",
"s",
"death",
",",
"lawson",
"kept",
"all",
"of",
"the",
"press",
"clip",
"##ping",
"##s",
"in",
"what",
"she",
"called",
"her",
"\"",
"mor",
"##bid"
] | 329,246 |
and a son, bruno. diamond was diagnosed with throat cancer in 1997 and died in march 2001, aged 47. one of his last messages to lawson was, " how proud i am of you and what you have become. the great thing about us is that we have made us who we are. " his death occurred during the filming of nigella bites ; " i took a fortnight off. but i'm not a great believer in breaks ", lawson explained ; she suffered a bout of depression following the funeral. after diamond's death, lawson kept all of the press clippings in what she called her " morbid
| 99 |
[
"\"",
"on",
"persistent",
"organic",
"poll",
"##uta",
"##nts",
",",
"and",
"\"",
"the",
"real",
"indiana",
"jones",
"\"",
"on",
"the",
"maya",
"##n",
"civilization",
")",
"and",
"one",
"published",
"in",
"the",
"conde",
"nas",
"##t",
"traveler",
"(",
"\"",
"diamond",
"in",
"the",
"wild",
"\"",
"on",
"diamond",
"mining",
")",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"discover",
"'",
"s",
"\"",
"earth",
"without",
"people",
"\"",
".",
"additional",
"research",
"saw",
"wei",
"##sman",
"travel",
"to",
"england",
",",
"cyprus",
",",
"turkey",
",",
"panama",
",",
"and",
"kenya",
".",
"interviews",
"with",
"academics",
"quoted",
"in",
"the",
"book",
"include",
"biologist",
"e",
".",
"o",
".",
"wilson",
"on",
"the",
"korean",
"demi",
"##lita",
"##rized",
"zone",
",",
"archaeologist",
"william",
"rat",
"##h",
"##je",
"on",
"plastics",
"in",
"garbage",
",",
"forest",
"botanist",
"oliver",
"rack",
"##ham",
"on",
"ve",
"##get",
"##ative",
"cover",
"across",
"britain",
",",
"anthropologist",
"arthur",
"dem",
"##ares",
"##t",
"on",
"the",
"crash",
"of",
"maya",
"##n"
] | 97,259 |
" on persistent organic pollutants, and " the real indiana jones " on the mayan civilization ) and one published in the conde nast traveler ( " diamond in the wild " on diamond mining ), as well as discover's " earth without people ". additional research saw weisman travel to england, cyprus, turkey, panama, and kenya. interviews with academics quoted in the book include biologist e. o. wilson on the korean demilitarized zone, archaeologist william rathje on plastics in garbage, forest botanist oliver rackham on vegetative cover across britain, anthropologist arthur demarest on the crash of mayan
| 99 |
[
"were",
"seen",
"as",
"worthless",
"for",
"jewelry",
"(",
"not",
"even",
"being",
"assessed",
"on",
"the",
"diamond",
"color",
"scale",
")",
".",
"after",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"argyle",
"diamond",
"mine",
"in",
"australia",
"in",
"1986",
",",
"and",
"marketing",
",",
"brown",
"diamonds",
"have",
"become",
"acceptable",
"gems",
".",
"the",
"change",
"was",
"mostly",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"numbers",
":",
"the",
"argyle",
"mine",
",",
"with",
"its",
"35",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"cara",
"##ts",
"(",
"7",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"kg",
")",
"of",
"diamonds",
"per",
"year",
",",
"makes",
"about",
"one",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"third",
"of",
"global",
"production",
"of",
"natural",
"diamonds",
";",
"80",
"%",
"of",
"argyle",
"diamonds",
"are",
"brown",
".",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"industrial",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"grade",
"diamonds",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"industrial",
"diamonds",
"are",
"valued",
"mostly",
"for",
"their",
"hardness",
"and",
"thermal",
"conduct",
"##ivity",
",",
"making",
"many"
] | 436,636 |
were seen as worthless for jewelry ( not even being assessed on the diamond color scale ). after the development of argyle diamond mine in australia in 1986, and marketing, brown diamonds have become acceptable gems. the change was mostly due to the numbers : the argyle mine, with its 35 @, @ 000 @, @ 000 carats ( 7 @, @ 000 kg ) of diamonds per year, makes about one @ - @ third of global production of natural diamonds ; 80 % of argyle diamonds are brown. = = = industrial @ - @ grade diamonds = = = industrial diamonds are valued mostly for their hardness and thermal conductivity, making many
| 99 |
[
"east",
"india",
"company",
"as",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"spoil",
"##s",
"of",
"the",
"mara",
"##tha",
"war",
".",
"the",
"east",
"india",
"company",
"then",
"sent",
"the",
"nas",
"##sa",
"##k",
"diamond",
"to",
"england",
",",
"to",
"be",
"sold",
"on",
"the",
"london",
"diamond",
"market",
"in",
"1818",
".",
"at",
"the",
"london",
"diamond",
"market",
",",
"the",
"nas",
"##sa",
"##k",
"diamond",
"was",
"presented",
"as",
"an",
"approximately",
"89",
"cara",
"##ts",
"(",
"17",
"@",
".",
"@",
"8",
"g",
")",
"diamond",
"of",
"great",
"purity",
"\"",
"but",
"of",
"bad",
"form",
",",
"\"",
"having",
"a",
"somewhat",
"pear",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"shape",
".",
"the",
"diamond",
"further",
"was",
"characterised",
"as",
"a",
"\"",
"rude",
"##ly",
"face",
"##ted",
",",
"lust",
"##rel",
"##ess",
"mass",
".",
"\"",
"illustrations",
"in",
"herbert",
"till",
"##ander",
"'",
"s",
"book",
"\"",
"diamond",
"cuts",
"in",
"historic",
"jewelry",
"–",
"138",
"##1",
"to",
"1910",
"\"",
"show",
"it"
] | 326,744 |
east india company as part of the spoils of the maratha war. the east india company then sent the nassak diamond to england, to be sold on the london diamond market in 1818. at the london diamond market, the nassak diamond was presented as an approximately 89 carats ( 17 @. @ 8 g ) diamond of great purity " but of bad form, " having a somewhat pear @ - @ shape. the diamond further was characterised as a " rudely faceted, lustreless mass. " illustrations in herbert tillander's book " diamond cuts in historic jewelry – 1381 to 1910 " show it
| 99 |
[
"w",
".",
"aye",
"##rs",
"adopted",
"a",
"strategy",
"to",
"\"",
"strengthen",
"the",
"association",
"in",
"the",
"public",
"'",
"s",
"mind",
"of",
"diamonds",
"with",
"romance",
",",
"\"",
"whereas",
"\"",
"the",
"larger",
"and",
"finer",
"the",
"diamond",
",",
"the",
"greater",
"the",
"expression",
"of",
"love",
".",
"\"",
"this",
"became",
"known",
"as",
"one",
"of",
"america",
"'",
"s",
"\"",
"lexi",
"##con",
"of",
"great",
"campaigns",
"\"",
"for",
"successfully",
"per",
"##su",
"##ading",
"the",
"public",
"to",
"purchase",
"expensive",
"luxury",
"items",
"during",
"a",
"time",
"of",
"financial",
"stress",
"through",
"psychological",
"manipulation",
".",
"it",
"also",
"led",
"to",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"the",
"slogan",
"\"",
"a",
"diamond",
"is",
"forever",
"\"",
"in",
"1947",
"and",
"was",
"influential",
"in",
"how",
"diamonds",
"were",
"marketed",
"thereafter",
".",
"after",
"world",
"war",
"i",
"the",
"first",
"signs",
"of",
"public",
"relations",
"as",
"a",
"profession",
"began",
"in",
"france",
"and",
"became",
"more",
"established",
"through",
"the"
] | 581,487 |
w. ayers adopted a strategy to " strengthen the association in the public's mind of diamonds with romance, " whereas " the larger and finer the diamond, the greater the expression of love. " this became known as one of america's " lexicon of great campaigns " for successfully persuading the public to purchase expensive luxury items during a time of financial stress through psychological manipulation. it also led to the development of the slogan " a diamond is forever " in 1947 and was influential in how diamonds were marketed thereafter. after world war i the first signs of public relations as a profession began in france and became more established through the
| 99 |
[
"from",
"falls",
"or",
"impacts",
".",
"because",
"of",
"diamond",
"'",
"s",
"perfect",
"and",
"easy",
"cleavage",
",",
"it",
"is",
"vulnerable",
"to",
"break",
"##age",
".",
"a",
"diamond",
"will",
"shatter",
"if",
"hit",
"with",
"an",
"ordinary",
"hammer",
".",
"the",
"tough",
"##ness",
"of",
"natural",
"diamond",
"has",
"been",
"measured",
"as",
"2",
"@",
".",
"@",
"0",
"mp",
"##a",
"m1",
"/",
"2",
",",
"which",
"is",
"good",
"compared",
"to",
"other",
"gems",
"##tones",
",",
"but",
"poor",
"compared",
"to",
"most",
"engineering",
"materials",
".",
"as",
"with",
"any",
"material",
",",
"the",
"macro",
"##scopic",
"geometry",
"of",
"a",
"diamond",
"contributes",
"to",
"its",
"resistance",
"to",
"break",
"##age",
".",
"diamond",
"has",
"a",
"cleavage",
"plane",
"and",
"is",
"therefore",
"more",
"fragile",
"in",
"some",
"orientation",
"##s",
"than",
"others",
".",
"diamond",
"cutter",
"##s",
"use",
"this",
"attribute",
"to",
"cl",
"##ea",
"##ve",
"some",
"stones",
",",
"prior",
"to",
"face",
"##ting",
".",
"ball",
"##as"
] | 320,805 |
from falls or impacts. because of diamond's perfect and easy cleavage, it is vulnerable to breakage. a diamond will shatter if hit with an ordinary hammer. the toughness of natural diamond has been measured as 2 @. @ 0 mpa m1 / 2, which is good compared to other gemstones, but poor compared to most engineering materials. as with any material, the macroscopic geometry of a diamond contributes to its resistance to breakage. diamond has a cleavage plane and is therefore more fragile in some orientations than others. diamond cutters use this attribute to cleave some stones, prior to faceting. ballas
| 99 |
[
"and",
"continued",
"the",
"argument",
"outside",
".",
"when",
"diamond",
"asked",
"for",
"tr",
"##ub",
"##y",
"'",
"s",
"gun",
",",
"tr",
"##ub",
"##y",
"shot",
"at",
"diamond",
",",
"diamond",
"returned",
"fire",
",",
"and",
"both",
"men",
"died",
".",
"an",
"in",
"##quest",
"on",
"both",
"men",
",",
"held",
"in",
"the",
"saloon",
",",
"found",
"that",
"the",
"bodies",
"each",
"contained",
"bullet",
"wounds",
"from",
"the",
".",
"41",
"caliber",
"revolver",
"##s",
"that",
"were",
"used",
",",
"and",
"powder",
"burns",
"caused",
"by",
"the",
"proximity",
"of",
"the",
"shootout",
".",
"tr",
"##ub",
"##y",
"also",
"had",
".",
"45",
"caliber",
"bullet",
"wounds",
"in",
"his",
"back",
",",
"indicating",
"that",
"somebody",
"else",
"had",
"shot",
"him",
"during",
"the",
"shootout",
".",
"another",
"shootout",
"occurred",
"between",
"henry",
"clark",
"and",
"sykes",
"gr",
"##iff",
"##en",
"on",
"december",
"1",
",",
"1878",
",",
"at",
"cassidy",
"'",
"s",
"silver",
"reef",
"saloon",
".",
"although",
"it",
"is"
] | 154,087 |
and continued the argument outside. when diamond asked for truby's gun, truby shot at diamond, diamond returned fire, and both men died. an inquest on both men, held in the saloon, found that the bodies each contained bullet wounds from the. 41 caliber revolvers that were used, and powder burns caused by the proximity of the shootout. truby also had. 45 caliber bullet wounds in his back, indicating that somebody else had shot him during the shootout. another shootout occurred between henry clark and sykes griffen on december 1, 1878, at cassidy's silver reef saloon. although it is
| 99 |
[
"##to",
"group",
",",
"the",
"owner",
"of",
"argyle",
"(",
"100",
"%",
")",
",",
"dia",
"##vik",
"(",
"60",
"%",
")",
",",
"and",
"mu",
"##row",
"##a",
"(",
"78",
"%",
")",
"diamond",
"mines",
";",
"and",
"petra",
"diamonds",
",",
"the",
"owner",
"of",
"several",
"major",
"diamond",
"mines",
"in",
"africa",
".",
"further",
"down",
"the",
"supply",
"chain",
",",
"members",
"of",
"the",
"world",
"federation",
"of",
"diamond",
"bo",
"##urse",
"##s",
"(",
"w",
"##f",
"##db",
")",
"act",
"as",
"a",
"medium",
"for",
"wholesale",
"diamond",
"exchange",
",",
"trading",
"both",
"polished",
"and",
"rough",
"diamonds",
".",
"the",
"w",
"##f",
"##db",
"consists",
"of",
"independent",
"diamond",
"bo",
"##urse",
"##s",
"in",
"major",
"cutting",
"centers",
"such",
"as",
"tel",
"aviv",
",",
"antwerp",
",",
"johannesburg",
"and",
"other",
"cities",
"across",
"the",
"usa",
",",
"europe",
"and",
"asia",
".",
"in",
"2000",
",",
"the",
"w",
"##f",
"##db",
"and",
"the",
"international",
"diamond",
"manufacturers",
"association"
] | 436,625 |
##to group, the owner of argyle ( 100 % ), diavik ( 60 % ), and murowa ( 78 % ) diamond mines ; and petra diamonds, the owner of several major diamond mines in africa. further down the supply chain, members of the world federation of diamond bourses ( wfdb ) act as a medium for wholesale diamond exchange, trading both polished and rough diamonds. the wfdb consists of independent diamond bourses in major cutting centers such as tel aviv, antwerp, johannesburg and other cities across the usa, europe and asia. in 2000, the wfdb and the international diamond manufacturers association
| 99 |
[
"is",
"an",
"optical",
"##ly",
"iso",
"##tro",
"##pic",
"crystal",
"that",
"is",
"transparent",
"to",
"opaque",
".",
"owing",
"to",
"its",
"strong",
"co",
"##valent",
"bonding",
",",
"diamond",
"is",
"the",
"hardest",
"naturally",
"occurring",
"material",
"known",
".",
"yet",
",",
"due",
"to",
"important",
"structural",
"weaknesses",
",",
"diamond",
"'",
"s",
"tough",
"##ness",
"is",
"only",
"fair",
"to",
"good",
".",
"the",
"precise",
"tens",
"##ile",
"strength",
"of",
"diamond",
"is",
"unknown",
",",
"however",
"strength",
"up",
"to",
"60",
"gp",
"##a",
"has",
"been",
"observed",
",",
"and",
"it",
"could",
"be",
"as",
"high",
"as",
"90",
"–",
"225",
"gp",
"##a",
"depending",
"on",
"the",
"crystal",
"orientation",
".",
"the",
"an",
"##iso",
"##tro",
"##py",
"of",
"diamond",
"hardness",
"is",
"carefully",
"considered",
"during",
"diamond",
"cutting",
".",
"diamond",
"has",
"a",
"high",
"ref",
"##ractive",
"index",
"(",
"2",
"@",
".",
"@",
"417",
")",
"and",
"moderate",
"di",
"##sper",
"##sion",
"(",
"0",
"@",
".",
"@"
] | 320,792 |
is an optically isotropic crystal that is transparent to opaque. owing to its strong covalent bonding, diamond is the hardest naturally occurring material known. yet, due to important structural weaknesses, diamond's toughness is only fair to good. the precise tensile strength of diamond is unknown, however strength up to 60 gpa has been observed, and it could be as high as 90 – 225 gpa depending on the crystal orientation. the anisotropy of diamond hardness is carefully considered during diamond cutting. diamond has a high refractive index ( 2 @. @ 417 ) and moderate dispersion ( 0 @. @
| 99 |
[
"york",
"city",
",",
"where",
"almost",
"80",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"world",
"'",
"s",
"diamonds",
"are",
"sold",
",",
"including",
"auction",
"sales",
".",
"the",
"de",
"beers",
"company",
",",
"as",
"the",
"world",
"'",
"s",
"largest",
"diamond",
"mining",
"company",
",",
"holds",
"a",
"dominant",
"position",
"in",
"the",
"industry",
",",
"and",
"has",
"done",
"so",
"since",
"soon",
"after",
"its",
"founding",
"in",
"1888",
"by",
"the",
"british",
"imperial",
"##ist",
"cecil",
"rhodes",
".",
"de",
"beers",
"is",
"currently",
"the",
"world",
"'",
"s",
"largest",
"operator",
"of",
"diamond",
"production",
"facilities",
"(",
"mines",
")",
"and",
"distribution",
"channels",
"for",
"gem",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"quality",
"diamonds",
".",
"the",
"diamond",
"trading",
"company",
"(",
"dt",
"##c",
")",
"is",
"a",
"subsidiary",
"of",
"de",
"beers",
"and",
"markets",
"rough",
"diamonds",
"from",
"de",
"beers",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"operated",
"mines",
".",
"de",
"beers",
"and",
"its",
"subsidiaries",
"own",
"mines",
"that",
"produce",
"some",
"40"
] | 436,622 |
york city, where almost 80 % of the world's diamonds are sold, including auction sales. the de beers company, as the world's largest diamond mining company, holds a dominant position in the industry, and has done so since soon after its founding in 1888 by the british imperialist cecil rhodes. de beers is currently the world's largest operator of diamond production facilities ( mines ) and distribution channels for gem @ - @ quality diamonds. the diamond trading company ( dtc ) is a subsidiary of de beers and markets rough diamonds from de beers @ - @ operated mines. de beers and its subsidiaries own mines that produce some 40
| 99 |
[
"of",
"industrial",
"grade",
"diamond",
"demand",
"is",
"supplied",
"with",
"synthetic",
"diamonds",
".",
"both",
"cv",
"##d",
"and",
"hp",
"##ht",
"diamonds",
"can",
"be",
"cut",
"into",
"gems",
"and",
"various",
"colors",
"can",
"be",
"produced",
":",
"clear",
"white",
",",
"yellow",
",",
"brown",
",",
"blue",
",",
"green",
"and",
"orange",
".",
"the",
"appearance",
"of",
"synthetic",
"gems",
"on",
"the",
"market",
"created",
"major",
"concerns",
"in",
"the",
"diamond",
"trading",
"business",
",",
"as",
"a",
"result",
"of",
"which",
"special",
"spec",
"##tro",
"##scopic",
"devices",
"and",
"techniques",
"have",
"been",
"developed",
"to",
"distinguish",
"synthetic",
"and",
"natural",
"diamonds",
".",
"after",
"the",
"1797",
"discovery",
"that",
"diamond",
"was",
"pure",
"carbon",
",",
"many",
"attempts",
"were",
"made",
"to",
"convert",
"various",
"cheap",
"forms",
"of",
"carbon",
"into",
"diamond",
".",
"the",
"earliest",
"successes",
"were",
"reported",
"by",
"james",
"ball",
"##ant",
"##yne",
"hanna",
"##y",
"in",
"1879",
"and",
"by",
"ferdinand",
"frederic",
"henri",
"moi",
"##ssa",
"##n"
] | 242,005 |
of industrial grade diamond demand is supplied with synthetic diamonds. both cvd and hpht diamonds can be cut into gems and various colors can be produced : clear white, yellow, brown, blue, green and orange. the appearance of synthetic gems on the market created major concerns in the diamond trading business, as a result of which special spectroscopic devices and techniques have been developed to distinguish synthetic and natural diamonds. after the 1797 discovery that diamond was pure carbon, many attempts were made to convert various cheap forms of carbon into diamond. the earliest successes were reported by james ballantyne hannay in 1879 and by ferdinand frederic henri moissan
| 99 |
[
"mac",
"##gre",
"##gor",
"##s",
"who",
"were",
"di",
"##sin",
"##her",
"##ited",
"in",
"the",
"16th",
"century",
".",
"the",
"character",
"of",
"allan",
"m",
"'",
"au",
"##lay",
"was",
"based",
"upon",
"the",
"historical",
"james",
"stewart",
"of",
"ar",
"##d",
"##vor",
"##lich",
",",
"sometimes",
"called",
"the",
"\"",
"mad",
"major",
"\"",
".",
"=",
"the",
"diamond",
"smug",
"##glers",
"=",
"the",
"diamond",
"smug",
"##glers",
"is",
"a",
"non",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"fiction",
"work",
"by",
"ian",
"fleming",
"that",
"was",
"first",
"published",
"in",
"1957",
"in",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
"and",
"in",
"1958",
"in",
"the",
"united",
"states",
".",
"the",
"book",
"is",
"based",
"on",
"two",
"weeks",
"of",
"interviews",
"fleming",
"undertook",
"with",
"john",
"collar",
"##d",
",",
"a",
"member",
"of",
"the",
"international",
"diamond",
"security",
"organisation",
"(",
"id",
"##so",
")",
",",
"which",
"was",
"headed",
"by",
"sir",
"percy",
"si",
"##lli",
"##to",
"##e",
",",
"the",
"ex",
"@",
"-",
"@"
] | 372,660 |
macgregors who were disinherited in the 16th century. the character of allan m'aulay was based upon the historical james stewart of ardvorlich, sometimes called the " mad major ". = the diamond smugglers = the diamond smugglers is a non @ - @ fiction work by ian fleming that was first published in 1957 in the united kingdom and in 1958 in the united states. the book is based on two weeks of interviews fleming undertook with john collard, a member of the international diamond security organisation ( idso ), which was headed by sir percy sillitoe, the ex @ - @
| 99 |
[
"so",
"they",
"could",
"be",
"used",
"in",
"the",
"game",
".",
"unable",
"to",
"locate",
"them",
",",
"diamond",
"suggested",
"to",
"act",
"##ivision",
"the",
"band",
"re",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"record",
"the",
"songs",
",",
"and",
"as",
"a",
"result",
",",
"king",
"diamond",
",",
"hank",
"sherman",
"##n",
",",
"michael",
"den",
"##ner",
",",
"tim",
"##i",
"hansen",
"and",
"b",
"##jar",
"##ne",
"t",
".",
"holm",
"reunited",
"to",
"re",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"record",
"the",
"songs",
"\"",
"evil",
"\"",
"and",
"\"",
"curse",
"of",
"the",
"pharaoh",
"##s",
"\"",
".",
"king",
"diamond",
"was",
"also",
"made",
"into",
"a",
"playable",
"character",
"in",
"the",
"game",
".",
"on",
"december",
"7",
",",
"2011",
",",
"king",
"diamond",
",",
"hank",
"sherman",
"##n",
",",
"michael",
"den",
"##ner",
"and",
"tim",
"##i",
"hansen",
"reunited",
"onstage",
"at",
"metallic",
"##a",
"'",
"s",
"30th",
"anniversary",
"concert",
",",
"at",
"the",
"fill",
"##more",
"in",
"san",
"francisco",
","
] | 446,729 |
so they could be used in the game. unable to locate them, diamond suggested to activision the band re @ - @ record the songs, and as a result, king diamond, hank shermann, michael denner, timi hansen and bjarne t. holm reunited to re @ - @ record the songs " evil " and " curse of the pharaohs ". king diamond was also made into a playable character in the game. on december 7, 2011, king diamond, hank shermann, michael denner and timi hansen reunited onstage at metallica's 30th anniversary concert, at the fillmore in san francisco,
| 99 |
[
"these",
"include",
"laser",
"drilling",
"to",
"remove",
"inclusion",
"##s",
",",
"application",
"of",
"seal",
"##ants",
"to",
"fill",
"cracks",
",",
"treatments",
"to",
"improve",
"a",
"white",
"diamond",
"'",
"s",
"color",
"grade",
",",
"and",
"treatments",
"to",
"give",
"fancy",
"color",
"to",
"a",
"white",
"diamond",
".",
"coating",
"##s",
"are",
"increasingly",
"used",
"to",
"give",
"a",
"diamond",
"sim",
"##ula",
"##nt",
"such",
"as",
"cubic",
"z",
"##ir",
"##con",
"##ia",
"a",
"more",
"\"",
"diamond",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"like",
"\"",
"appearance",
".",
"one",
"such",
"substance",
"is",
"diamond",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"like",
"carbon",
"—",
"an",
"amor",
"##ph",
"##ous",
"carbon",
"##aceous",
"material",
"that",
"has",
"some",
"physical",
"properties",
"similar",
"to",
"those",
"of",
"the",
"diamond",
".",
"advertising",
"suggests",
"that",
"such",
"a",
"coating",
"would",
"transfer",
"some",
"of",
"these",
"diamond",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"like",
"properties",
"to",
"the",
"coated",
"stone",
",",
"hence",
"enhancing",
"the",
"diamond",
"sim",
"##ula",
"##nt"
] | 436,654 |
these include laser drilling to remove inclusions, application of sealants to fill cracks, treatments to improve a white diamond's color grade, and treatments to give fancy color to a white diamond. coatings are increasingly used to give a diamond simulant such as cubic zirconia a more " diamond @ - @ like " appearance. one such substance is diamond @ - @ like carbon — an amorphous carbonaceous material that has some physical properties similar to those of the diamond. advertising suggests that such a coating would transfer some of these diamond @ - @ like properties to the coated stone, hence enhancing the diamond simulant
| 99 |
[
"a",
"butterfly",
"graph",
"(",
"five",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"vertex",
"figure",
"8",
")",
",",
"and",
"any",
"theta",
"graph",
"may",
"be",
"contracted",
"to",
"form",
"a",
"diamond",
"graph",
"(",
"four",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"vertex",
"theta",
"graph",
")",
",",
"so",
"any",
"non",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"pseudo",
"##for",
"##est",
"contains",
"either",
"a",
"butterfly",
"or",
"a",
"diamond",
"as",
"a",
"minor",
",",
"and",
"these",
"are",
"the",
"only",
"minor",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"minimal",
"non",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"pseudo",
"##for",
"##est",
"graphs",
".",
"thus",
",",
"a",
"graph",
"is",
"a",
"pseudo",
"##for",
"##est",
"if",
"and",
"only",
"if",
"it",
"does",
"not",
"have",
"the",
"butterfly",
"or",
"the",
"diamond",
"as",
"a",
"minor",
".",
"if",
"one",
"forbid",
"##s",
"only",
"the",
"diamond",
"but",
"not",
"the",
"butterfly",
",",
"the",
"resulting",
"larger",
"graph",
"family",
"consists",
"of",
"the",
"cactus",
"graphs",
"and",
"di",
"##s",
"##jo",
"##int",
"unions"
] | 522,767 |
a butterfly graph ( five @ - @ vertex figure 8 ), and any theta graph may be contracted to form a diamond graph ( four @ - @ vertex theta graph ), so any non @ - @ pseudoforest contains either a butterfly or a diamond as a minor, and these are the only minor @ - @ minimal non @ - @ pseudoforest graphs. thus, a graph is a pseudoforest if and only if it does not have the butterfly or the diamond as a minor. if one forbids only the diamond but not the butterfly, the resulting larger graph family consists of the cactus graphs and disjoint unions
| 99 |
[
"##do",
"'",
"s",
"legitimate",
"brother",
"johnny",
"candi",
"##do",
"taking",
"walt",
"##man",
"'",
"s",
"place",
"as",
"shelley",
"'",
"s",
"partner",
".",
"the",
"natural",
"##s",
"ended",
"up",
"retaining",
"the",
"championship",
"at",
"the",
"event",
".",
"the",
"feud",
"between",
"the",
"3",
"##li",
"##ve",
"k",
"##ru",
"(",
"b",
".",
"g",
".",
"james",
",",
"ko",
"##nna",
"##n",
",",
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"ron",
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"##p",
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".",
"the",
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"##li",
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"(",
"david",
"young",
",",
"eli",
"##x",
"skipper",
",",
"and",
"simon",
"diamond",
")",
"at",
"un",
"##break",
"##able",
",",
"while",
"brown",
"and",
"ki",
"##p",
"defeated",
"ap",
"##olo",
"and",
"lance",
"ho",
"##yt",
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"show",
".",
"tna",
"management",
"were",
"impressed",
"with",
"ari",
"##es",
"'",
"performance",
"in",
"his",
"match",
"with"
] | 400,106 |
##do's legitimate brother johnny candido taking waltman's place as shelley's partner. the naturals ended up retaining the championship at the event. the feud between the 3live kru ( b. g. james, konnan, and ron killings ) and kip james and monty brown ended following sacrifice. the 3live kru went on to defeat the diamonds in the rough ( david young, elix skipper, and simon diamond ) at unbreakable, while brown and kip defeated apolo and lance hoyt at the show. tna management were impressed with aries'performance in his match with
| 99 |
[
"##marine",
"##s",
"set",
"in",
"a",
"cluster",
"of",
"diamonds",
",",
"and",
"a",
"square",
"aqua",
"##marine",
"and",
"diamond",
"bro",
"##och",
".",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"george",
"vi",
"victorian",
"suite",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"the",
"george",
"vi",
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"suite",
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"by",
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"vi",
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"his",
"daughter",
"elizabeth",
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".",
"the",
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"long",
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"##long",
"sapphire",
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"and",
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".",
"the",
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"made",
"in",
"1850",
".",
"the",
"stones",
"exactly",
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"the",
"colour",
"of",
"the",
"robes",
"of",
"the",
"order",
"of",
"the",
"ga",
"##rter",
",",
"although",
"this",
"may",
"have",
"been",
"a",
"coincidence",
"on",
"george",
"'",
"s",
"part",
".",
"elizabeth",
"had",
"the",
"necklace",
"shortened",
"by",
"removing",
"the",
"biggest",
"sapphire",
"in",
"1952",
",",
"and"
] | 639,429 |
##marines set in a cluster of diamonds, and a square aquamarine and diamond brooch. = = = george vi victorian suite = = = the george vi victorian suite was originally a wedding present by george vi to his daughter elizabeth in 1947. the suite consists of a long necklace of oblong sapphires and diamonds and a pair of matching square sapphire earrings also bordered with diamonds. the suite was originally made in 1850. the stones exactly matched the colour of the robes of the order of the garter, although this may have been a coincidence on george's part. elizabeth had the necklace shortened by removing the biggest sapphire in 1952, and
| 99 |
[
"its",
"remaining",
"units",
"then",
"became",
"the",
"direct",
"responsibility",
"of",
"north",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"eastern",
"area",
"headquarters",
".",
"=",
"nas",
"##sa",
"##k",
"diamond",
"=",
"the",
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"##sa",
"##k",
"diamond",
"(",
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"as",
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"nas",
"##sa",
"##c",
"diamond",
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"the",
"eye",
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"the",
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",",
"43",
"@",
".",
"@",
"38",
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".",
"@",
"67",
"##6",
"g",
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"diamond",
"that",
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"as",
"a",
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"89",
"cara",
"##t",
"diamond",
"in",
"the",
"15th",
"century",
"in",
"india",
".",
"found",
"in",
"the",
"amara",
"##giri",
"mine",
"located",
"in",
"ma",
"##h",
"##bu",
"##bn",
"##aga",
"##r",
",",
"telangana",
",",
"india",
",",
"and",
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"cut",
"in",
"india",
",",
"the",
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"was",
"the",
"ad",
"##orn",
"##ment",
"in",
"the",
"trim",
"##ba",
"##kes",
"##hwa",
"##r",
"shiva",
"temple",
",",
"near",
"nash",
"##ik",
",",
"in"
] | 326,739 |
its remaining units then became the direct responsibility of north @ - @ eastern area headquarters. = nassak diamond = the nassak diamond ( also known as the nassac diamond and the eye of the idol ) is a large, 43 @. @ 38 carats ( 8 @. @ 676 g ) diamond that originated as a larger 89 carat diamond in the 15th century in india. found in the amaragiri mine located in mahbubnagar, telangana, india, and originally cut in india, the diamond was the adornment in the trimbakeshwar shiva temple, near nashik, in
| 99 |
[
"'",
"amend",
"##ing",
"his",
"defects",
",",
"and",
"acc",
"##om",
"##mo",
"##dating",
"the",
"pattern",
"to",
"the",
"ex",
"##igen",
"##cies",
"of",
"the",
"subject",
"matter",
".",
"'",
"\"",
"the",
"rec",
"##ut",
"by",
"run",
"##dell",
"and",
"bridge",
"from",
"89",
"@",
".",
"@",
"75",
"cara",
"##ts",
"(",
"17",
"@",
",",
"@",
"950",
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"to",
"78",
"@",
".",
"@",
"625",
"cara",
"##ts",
"(",
"15",
"@",
",",
"@",
"72",
"##5",
"@",
".",
"@",
"0",
"mg",
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"resulted",
"of",
"a",
"loss",
"of",
"no",
"more",
"than",
"10",
"percent",
"of",
"the",
"original",
"weight",
"of",
"the",
"diamond",
".",
"in",
"1831",
",",
"run",
"##dell",
"and",
"bridge",
"sold",
"the",
"diamond",
"to",
"the",
"emanuel",
"brothers",
"for",
"about",
"7",
"@",
",",
"@",
"200",
"pounds",
"(",
"today",
"about",
"£",
"590",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
")",
".",
"six",
"years",
"later",
"in",
"1837",
",",
"the"
] | 326,746 |
' amending his defects, and accommodating the pattern to the exigencies of the subject matter.'" the recut by rundell and bridge from 89 @. @ 75 carats ( 17 @, @ 950 mg ) to 78 @. @ 625 carats ( 15 @, @ 725 @. @ 0 mg ) resulted of a loss of no more than 10 percent of the original weight of the diamond. in 1831, rundell and bridge sold the diamond to the emanuel brothers for about 7 @, @ 200 pounds ( today about £ 590 @, @ 000 ). six years later in 1837, the
| 99 |
[
"around",
"corporate",
"espionage",
"and",
"the",
"blood",
"diamond",
"trade",
".",
"though",
"not",
"particularly",
"concerned",
"about",
"blood",
"diamonds",
",",
"and",
"wary",
"of",
"the",
"game",
"being",
"perceived",
"as",
"a",
"finger",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"wa",
"##gging",
"exercise",
",",
"he",
"felt",
"that",
"the",
"setting",
"would",
"give",
"an",
"\"",
"extra",
"o",
"##omp",
"##h",
"to",
"the",
"game",
"'",
"s",
"seed",
"##y",
"mechanics",
"\"",
".",
"instead",
"of",
"being",
"an",
"over",
"##t",
"protest",
"against",
"the",
"blood",
"diamond",
"trade",
",",
"the",
"game",
"would",
"explore",
"the",
"psychology",
"of",
"the",
"industry",
"through",
"its",
"game",
"mechanics",
",",
"causing",
"players",
"to",
"reflect",
"after",
"a",
"game",
"on",
"their",
"decisions",
"made",
"within",
"it",
".",
"maj",
"##es",
"##co",
"green",
"##lit",
"this",
",",
"and",
"in",
"july",
"2009",
",",
"a",
"publishing",
"contract",
"was",
"signed",
".",
"ro",
"##hrer",
"began",
"work",
"on",
"diamond",
"trust",
"of",
"london",
"as",
"a",
"pen"
] | 607,205 |
around corporate espionage and the blood diamond trade. though not particularly concerned about blood diamonds, and wary of the game being perceived as a finger @ - @ wagging exercise, he felt that the setting would give an " extra oomph to the game's seedy mechanics ". instead of being an overt protest against the blood diamond trade, the game would explore the psychology of the industry through its game mechanics, causing players to reflect after a game on their decisions made within it. majesco greenlit this, and in july 2009, a publishing contract was signed. rohrer began work on diamond trust of london as a pen
| 99 |
[
"##hrer",
",",
"with",
"music",
"by",
"tom",
"bailey",
".",
"following",
"a",
"crowd",
"##fu",
"##nding",
"campaign",
"on",
"kicks",
"##tar",
"##ter",
"the",
"game",
"was",
"published",
"by",
"indie",
"##pu",
"##b",
"and",
"released",
"for",
"the",
"nintendo",
"ds",
"on",
"august",
"28",
",",
"2012",
".",
"the",
"game",
"has",
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"placed",
"in",
"the",
"public",
"domain",
"and",
"is",
"hosted",
"on",
"source",
"##for",
"##ge",
".",
"inspired",
"by",
"german",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"style",
"board",
"games",
",",
"diamond",
"trust",
"of",
"london",
"is",
"played",
"between",
"two",
"players",
",",
"each",
"controlling",
"a",
"diamond",
"trading",
"company",
".",
"the",
"game",
"is",
"set",
"in",
"2000",
",",
"before",
"the",
"implementation",
"of",
"the",
"kimberley",
"process",
"certification",
"scheme",
"to",
"curb",
"the",
"blood",
"diamond",
"trade",
",",
"and",
"the",
"player",
"'",
"s",
"aim",
"is",
"to",
"extract",
"diamonds",
"from",
"angola",
"over",
"the",
"nine",
"turns",
"which",
"comprise",
"a",
"game",
".",
"to",
"extract"
] | 607,199 |
##hrer, with music by tom bailey. following a crowdfunding campaign on kickstarter the game was published by indiepub and released for the nintendo ds on august 28, 2012. the game has been placed in the public domain and is hosted on sourceforge. inspired by german @ - @ style board games, diamond trust of london is played between two players, each controlling a diamond trading company. the game is set in 2000, before the implementation of the kimberley process certification scheme to curb the blood diamond trade, and the player's aim is to extract diamonds from angola over the nine turns which comprise a game. to extract
| 99 |
[
"certain",
"companies",
",",
"for",
"example",
",",
"phoenix",
",",
"cushion",
",",
"sole",
"mi",
"##o",
"diamonds",
",",
"etc",
".",
"the",
"most",
"time",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"consuming",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"cutting",
"is",
"the",
"preliminary",
"analysis",
"of",
"the",
"rough",
"stone",
".",
"it",
"needs",
"to",
"address",
"a",
"large",
"number",
"of",
"issues",
",",
"bears",
"much",
"responsibility",
",",
"and",
"therefore",
"can",
"last",
"years",
"in",
"case",
"of",
"unique",
"diamonds",
".",
"the",
"following",
"issues",
"are",
"considered",
":",
"the",
"hardness",
"of",
"diamond",
"and",
"its",
"ability",
"to",
"cl",
"##ea",
"##ve",
"strongly",
"depend",
"on",
"the",
"crystal",
"orientation",
".",
"therefore",
",",
"the",
"crystal",
"##log",
"##raphic",
"structure",
"of",
"the",
"diamond",
"to",
"be",
"cut",
"is",
"analyzed",
"using",
"x",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"ray",
"di",
"##ff",
"##raction",
"to",
"choose",
"the",
"optimal",
"cutting",
"directions",
".",
"most",
"diamonds",
"contain",
"visible",
"non",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"diamond",
"inclusion",
"##s"
] | 436,631 |
certain companies, for example, phoenix, cushion, sole mio diamonds, etc. the most time @ - @ consuming part of the cutting is the preliminary analysis of the rough stone. it needs to address a large number of issues, bears much responsibility, and therefore can last years in case of unique diamonds. the following issues are considered : the hardness of diamond and its ability to cleave strongly depend on the crystal orientation. therefore, the crystallographic structure of the diamond to be cut is analyzed using x @ - @ ray diffraction to choose the optimal cutting directions. most diamonds contain visible non @ - @ diamond inclusions
| 99 |
[
"3",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"pre",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"orders",
"would",
"be",
"necessary",
"for",
"a",
"cartridge",
"release",
".",
"diamond",
"trust",
"generated",
"only",
"23",
"pre",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"orders",
",",
"and",
"in",
"2010",
",",
"the",
"maj",
"##es",
"##co",
"agreement",
"was",
"terminated",
".",
"lacking",
"a",
"publisher",
"for",
"diamond",
"trust",
"of",
"london",
",",
"ro",
"##hrer",
"moved",
"onto",
"other",
"projects",
"such",
"as",
"inside",
"a",
"star",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"filled",
"sky",
"and",
"sleep",
"is",
"death",
".",
"he",
"also",
"took",
"on",
"work",
"at",
"gun",
",",
"a",
"video",
"games",
"consultancy",
"firm",
",",
"and",
"there",
"he",
"made",
"contact",
"with",
"mark",
"ser",
"##eme",
"##t",
",",
"ceo",
"of",
"zoo",
"publishing",
".",
"zoo",
"was",
"interested",
"in",
"pursuing",
"diamond",
"trust",
"of",
"london",
"as",
"a",
"limited",
"physical",
"release",
"on",
"their",
"indie",
"##pu",
"##b",
"label",
",",
"and",
"so",
"work",
"on",
"the",
"game"
] | 607,207 |
3 @, @ 000 pre @ - @ orders would be necessary for a cartridge release. diamond trust generated only 23 pre @ - @ orders, and in 2010, the majesco agreement was terminated. lacking a publisher for diamond trust of london, rohrer moved onto other projects such as inside a star @ - @ filled sky and sleep is death. he also took on work at gun, a video games consultancy firm, and there he made contact with mark seremet, ceo of zoo publishing. zoo was interested in pursuing diamond trust of london as a limited physical release on their indiepub label, and so work on the game
| 99 |
[
"was",
"sold",
"at",
"auction",
"for",
"$",
"500",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"(",
"allowing",
"for",
"inflation",
",",
"this",
"would",
"now",
"be",
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"3",
"@",
".",
"@",
"05",
"million",
")",
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"edward",
"j",
".",
"hand",
",",
"a",
"then",
"48",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"year",
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"-",
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",",
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".",
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"price",
"ever",
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"time",
",",
"the",
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"@",
".",
"@",
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"for",
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"taylor",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"burton",
"diamond",
"several",
"years",
"earlier",
".",
"six",
"years",
"later",
",",
"the",
"diamond",
"was",
"placed",
"on",
"display",
"in",
"november",
"1976",
"at",
"a",
"charity",
"benefit",
"as",
"a",
"means",
"to",
"attract",
"donors",
"to",
"that",
"benefit",
".",
"in",
"december",
"1982",
",",
"british",
"midland",
"airways",
"purchased",
"a"
] | 326,756 |
was sold at auction for $ 500 @, @ 000 ( allowing for inflation, this would now be $ 3 @. @ 05 million ) to edward j. hand, a then 48 @ - @ year @ - @ old trucking firm executive from greenwich, connecticut. this was the second highest auction price ever for a diamond at that time, the first being circa $ 1 @. @ 1 million for the taylor @ - @ burton diamond several years earlier. six years later, the diamond was placed on display in november 1976 at a charity benefit as a means to attract donors to that benefit. in december 1982, british midland airways purchased a
| 99 |
[
"of",
"chinese",
"enterprises",
".",
"il",
"##jin",
"diamond",
"allegedly",
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"diamond",
"synthesis",
"in",
"1988",
"by",
"mis",
"##app",
"##rop",
"##ria",
"##ting",
"trade",
"secrets",
"from",
"ge",
"via",
"a",
"korean",
"former",
"ge",
"employee",
".",
"synthetic",
"gem",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"quality",
"diamond",
"crystals",
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"in",
"1970",
"by",
"ge",
",",
"then",
"reported",
"in",
"1971",
".",
"the",
"first",
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"used",
"a",
"p",
"##yr",
"##op",
"##hyl",
"##lite",
"tube",
"seeded",
"at",
"each",
"end",
"with",
"thin",
"pieces",
"of",
"diamond",
".",
"the",
"graph",
"##ite",
"feed",
"material",
"was",
"placed",
"in",
"the",
"center",
"and",
"the",
"metal",
"solvent",
"(",
"nickel",
")",
"between",
"the",
"graph",
"##ite",
"and",
"the",
"seeds",
".",
"the",
"container",
"was",
"heated",
"and",
"the",
"pressure",
"was",
"raised",
"to",
"about",
"5",
"@",
".",
"@",
"5",
"gp",
"##a",
".",
"the",
"crystals",
"grow",
"as",
"they",
"flow",
"from",
"the",
"center",
"to",
"the",
"ends"
] | 242,015 |
of chinese enterprises. iljin diamond allegedly accomplished diamond synthesis in 1988 by misappropriating trade secrets from ge via a korean former ge employee. synthetic gem @ - @ quality diamond crystals were first produced in 1970 by ge, then reported in 1971. the first successes used a pyrophyllite tube seeded at each end with thin pieces of diamond. the graphite feed material was placed in the center and the metal solvent ( nickel ) between the graphite and the seeds. the container was heated and the pressure was raised to about 5 @. @ 5 gpa. the crystals grow as they flow from the center to the ends
| 99 |
[
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"effectively",
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".",
"de",
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"still",
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",",
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",",
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"the",
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"is",
"forever",
"\"",
".",
"this",
"slogan",
"is",
"now",
"being",
"used",
"by",
"de",
"beers",
"diamond",
"jewel",
"##ers",
",",
"a",
"jewelry",
"firm",
"which",
"is",
"a",
"50",
"%",
"/",
"50",
"%",
"joint",
"venture",
"between",
"the",
"de",
"beers",
"mining",
"company",
"and",
"l",
"##v",
"##m",
"##h",
",",
"the",
"luxury",
"goods",
"conglomerate",
".",
"brown",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"colored",
"diamonds",
"constituted",
"a",
"significant",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"diamond",
"production",
",",
"and",
"were",
"predominantly",
"used",
"for",
"industrial",
"purposes",
".",
"they"
] | 436,635 |
the campaign lasted for decades but was effectively discontinued by early 2011. de beers still advertises diamonds, but the advertising now mostly promotes its own brands, or licensed product lines, rather than completely " generic " diamond products. the campaign was perhaps best captured by the slogan " a diamond is forever ". this slogan is now being used by de beers diamond jewelers, a jewelry firm which is a 50 % / 50 % joint venture between the de beers mining company and lvmh, the luxury goods conglomerate. brown @ - @ colored diamonds constituted a significant part of the diamond production, and were predominantly used for industrial purposes. they
| 99 |
[
"security",
"capacity",
"for",
"the",
"diamond",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"trading",
"company",
"de",
"beers",
".",
"the",
"material",
"fleming",
"gathered",
"was",
"used",
"in",
"both",
"diamonds",
"are",
"forever",
"and",
"the",
"diamond",
"smug",
"##glers",
",",
"a",
"non",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"fiction",
"book",
"published",
"in",
"1957",
".",
"after",
"fleming",
"'",
"s",
"friend",
",",
"william",
"stephenson",
",",
"sent",
"him",
"a",
"magazine",
"article",
"about",
"the",
"spa",
"town",
"of",
"saratoga",
"springs",
",",
"fleming",
"flew",
"to",
"the",
"us",
"in",
"august",
"1954",
",",
"where",
"he",
"met",
"his",
"friends",
"iv",
"##ar",
"bryce",
"and",
"ernest",
"cu",
"##neo",
";",
"the",
"three",
"travelled",
"to",
"the",
"town",
"in",
"new",
"york",
"state",
".",
"there",
",",
"fleming",
"and",
"cu",
"##neo",
"visited",
"a",
"mud",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"bath",
":",
"en",
"route",
"to",
"an",
"up",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"market",
"establishment",
"they",
"took",
"the",
"wrong",
"directions",
"and",
"ended",
"up"
] | 75,162 |
security capacity for the diamond @ - @ trading company de beers. the material fleming gathered was used in both diamonds are forever and the diamond smugglers, a non @ - @ fiction book published in 1957. after fleming's friend, william stephenson, sent him a magazine article about the spa town of saratoga springs, fleming flew to the us in august 1954, where he met his friends ivar bryce and ernest cuneo ; the three travelled to the town in new york state. there, fleming and cuneo visited a mud @ - @ bath : en route to an up @ - @ market establishment they took the wrong directions and ended up
| 99 |
[
"##k",
"diamond",
"at",
"the",
"gem",
"##ological",
"institute",
"of",
"america",
"gem",
"laboratory",
"to",
"produce",
"a",
"diamond",
"grading",
"report",
".",
"in",
"that",
"same",
"year",
",",
"the",
"nas",
"##sa",
"##k",
"diamond",
"was",
"placed",
"in",
"the",
"hands",
"of",
"j",
".",
"&",
"s",
".",
"s",
".",
"de",
"##you",
"##ng",
",",
"a",
"then",
"100",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"year",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"old",
"estate",
"jewellery",
"house",
"located",
"in",
"new",
"york",
".",
"the",
"gem",
"##ological",
"institute",
"of",
"america",
"diamond",
"grading",
"report",
"that",
"came",
"with",
"the",
"diamond",
"indicated",
"that",
"it",
"was",
"internally",
"flawless",
".",
"in",
"early",
"april",
"1970",
",",
"the",
"diamond",
"was",
"rated",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"thirty",
"great",
"stones",
"of",
"the",
"world",
"and",
"placed",
"on",
"display",
"at",
"park",
"##e",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"bern",
"##et",
"galleries",
"in",
"new",
"york",
"city",
".",
"on",
"16",
"april",
"1970",
",",
"the",
"diamond"
] | 326,755 |
##k diamond at the gemological institute of america gem laboratory to produce a diamond grading report. in that same year, the nassak diamond was placed in the hands of j. & s. s. deyoung, a then 100 @ - @ year @ - @ old estate jewellery house located in new york. the gemological institute of america diamond grading report that came with the diamond indicated that it was internally flawless. in early april 1970, the diamond was rated one of the thirty great stones of the world and placed on display at parke @ - @ bernet galleries in new york city. on 16 april 1970, the diamond
| 99 |
[
"##mic",
"##ally",
"favorable",
"(",
"δ",
"##h",
"=",
"−",
"2",
"k",
"##j",
"/",
"mo",
"##l",
")",
".",
"so",
",",
"contrary",
"to",
"de",
"beers",
"'",
"ad",
"campaign",
"extending",
"from",
"1948",
"to",
"at",
"least",
"2013",
"under",
"the",
"slogan",
"\"",
"a",
"diamond",
"is",
"forever",
"\"",
",",
"diamonds",
"are",
"definitely",
"not",
"forever",
".",
"however",
",",
"owing",
"to",
"a",
"very",
"large",
"kinetic",
"energy",
"barrier",
",",
"diamonds",
"are",
"meta",
"##sta",
"##ble",
";",
"they",
"will",
"not",
"decay",
"into",
"graph",
"##ite",
"under",
"normal",
"conditions",
".",
"=",
"the",
"brute",
"man",
"=",
"the",
"brute",
"man",
"is",
"a",
"1946",
"american",
"horror",
"thriller",
"film",
"starring",
"ron",
"##do",
"hat",
"##ton",
"as",
"the",
"creep",
"##er",
",",
"a",
"murderer",
"seeking",
"revenge",
"against",
"the",
"people",
"he",
"holds",
"responsible",
"for",
"the",
"di",
"##sf",
"##ig",
"##ure",
"##ment",
"of",
"his",
"face",
".",
"directed",
"by",
"jean",
"ya",
"##rb",
"##rou"
] | 320,829 |
##mically favorable ( δh = − 2 kj / mol ). so, contrary to de beers'ad campaign extending from 1948 to at least 2013 under the slogan " a diamond is forever ", diamonds are definitely not forever. however, owing to a very large kinetic energy barrier, diamonds are metastable ; they will not decay into graphite under normal conditions. = the brute man = the brute man is a 1946 american horror thriller film starring rondo hatton as the creeper, a murderer seeking revenge against the people he holds responsible for the disfigurement of his face. directed by jean yarbrou
| 99 |
[
"of",
"their",
"songs",
"\"",
"ace",
"of",
"spade",
"##s",
"\"",
"and",
"\"",
"evil",
"\"",
",",
"respectively",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"original",
"master",
"tapes",
"not",
"being",
"located",
"for",
"use",
"in",
"the",
"game",
"'",
"s",
"production",
".",
"king",
"diamond",
"'",
"s",
"notable",
"face",
"makeup",
"and",
"jewellery",
"was",
"altered",
"with",
"direct",
"input",
"from",
"king",
"diamond",
"to",
"avoid",
"off",
"##ending",
"the",
"religion",
"of",
"any",
"of",
"the",
"business",
"partners",
"involved",
"with",
"the",
"game",
".",
"during",
"the",
"game",
"'",
"s",
"development",
",",
"the",
"team",
"encountered",
"problems",
"trying",
"to",
"create",
"the",
"drum",
"tracks",
".",
"flores",
"noted",
"they",
"normally",
"try",
"to",
"map",
"a",
"note",
"for",
"every",
"drum",
"beat",
"but",
"could",
"not",
"easily",
"replicate",
"it",
"for",
"the",
"double",
"bass",
"often",
"used",
"in",
"metallic",
"##a",
"'",
"s",
"songs",
".",
"as",
"a",
"result",
",",
"they",
"decided",
"to",
"create",
"a",
"split",
"##ter"
] | 266,776 |
of their songs " ace of spades " and " evil ", respectively due to the original master tapes not being located for use in the game's production. king diamond's notable face makeup and jewellery was altered with direct input from king diamond to avoid offending the religion of any of the business partners involved with the game. during the game's development, the team encountered problems trying to create the drum tracks. flores noted they normally try to map a note for every drum beat but could not easily replicate it for the double bass often used in metallica's songs. as a result, they decided to create a splitter
| 99 |
[
"a",
"jewelry",
"perspective",
".",
"the",
"prominence",
"or",
"amount",
"of",
"fire",
"seen",
"in",
"a",
"stone",
"is",
"heavily",
"influenced",
"by",
"the",
"choice",
"of",
"diamond",
"cut",
"and",
"its",
"associated",
"proportions",
"(",
"particularly",
"crown",
"height",
")",
",",
"although",
"the",
"body",
"color",
"of",
"fancy",
"(",
"i",
".",
"e",
".",
",",
"unusual",
")",
"diamonds",
"may",
"hide",
"their",
"fire",
"to",
"some",
"degree",
".",
"more",
"than",
"20",
"other",
"minerals",
"have",
"higher",
"di",
"##sper",
"##sion",
"(",
"that",
"is",
"difference",
"in",
"ref",
"##ractive",
"index",
"for",
"blue",
"and",
"red",
"light",
")",
"than",
"diamond",
",",
"such",
"as",
"titan",
"##ite",
"0",
"@",
".",
"@",
"05",
"##1",
",",
"and",
"##rad",
"##ite",
"0",
"@",
".",
"@",
"05",
"##7",
",",
"cass",
"##iter",
"##ite",
"0",
"@",
".",
"@",
"07",
"##1",
",",
"st",
"##ron",
"##tium",
"titan",
"##ate",
"0",
"@",
".",
"@",
"109",
",",
"sp",
"##hale",
"##rite"
] | 320,815 |
a jewelry perspective. the prominence or amount of fire seen in a stone is heavily influenced by the choice of diamond cut and its associated proportions ( particularly crown height ), although the body color of fancy ( i. e., unusual ) diamonds may hide their fire to some degree. more than 20 other minerals have higher dispersion ( that is difference in refractive index for blue and red light ) than diamond, such as titanite 0 @. @ 051, andradite 0 @. @ 057, cassiterite 0 @. @ 071, strontium titanate 0 @. @ 109, sphalerite
| 99 |
[
"has",
"a",
"capture",
"rate",
"of",
"its",
"own",
"as",
"well",
".",
"as",
"with",
"other",
"generations",
"of",
"pokemon",
"games",
",",
"diamond",
"and",
"pearl",
"retained",
"the",
"basic",
"gameplay",
"of",
"their",
"predecessors",
"while",
"introducing",
"additional",
"new",
"features",
".",
"increased",
"from",
"three",
"times",
"of",
"day",
"in",
"gold",
"and",
"silver",
",",
"there",
"are",
"five",
"time",
"periods",
"in",
"diamond",
"and",
"pearl",
":",
"morning",
",",
"day",
",",
"afternoon",
",",
"evening",
",",
"and",
"night",
".",
"diamond",
"and",
"pearl",
"introduced",
"several",
"changes",
"to",
"battle",
"mechanics",
".",
"in",
"previous",
"generations",
",",
"pokemon",
"moves",
"were",
"classified",
"as",
"\"",
"physical",
"\"",
"or",
"\"",
"special",
"\"",
"based",
"on",
"their",
"type",
";",
"for",
"example",
",",
"all",
"fire",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"type",
"moves",
"were",
"special",
"and",
"all",
"ground",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"type",
"moves",
"were",
"physical",
".",
"in",
"diamond",
"and",
"pearl",
",",
"however",
",",
"moves"
] | 697,705 |
has a capture rate of its own as well. as with other generations of pokemon games, diamond and pearl retained the basic gameplay of their predecessors while introducing additional new features. increased from three times of day in gold and silver, there are five time periods in diamond and pearl : morning, day, afternoon, evening, and night. diamond and pearl introduced several changes to battle mechanics. in previous generations, pokemon moves were classified as " physical " or " special " based on their type ; for example, all fire @ - @ type moves were special and all ground @ - @ type moves were physical. in diamond and pearl, however, moves
| 99 |
[
"used",
"rub",
"##ies",
"to",
"represent",
"the",
"heart",
"and",
"diamond",
"suits",
",",
"a",
"sapphire",
"to",
"represent",
"the",
"spade",
"and",
"three",
"black",
"diamonds",
"to",
"represent",
"the",
"clubs",
".",
"in",
"2007",
",",
"co",
"##rum",
"became",
"the",
"official",
"bracelet",
"manufacturer",
"for",
"the",
"w",
"##sop",
".",
"some",
"of",
"the",
"2007",
"w",
"##sop",
"champions",
"received",
"both",
"a",
"watch",
"and",
"a",
"bracelet",
"from",
"co",
"##rum",
".",
"co",
"##rum",
"designed",
"four",
"variations",
"for",
"the",
"2007",
"world",
"series",
"of",
"poker",
"bracelet",
"##s",
".",
"the",
"standard",
"version",
"that",
"is",
"presented",
"to",
"53",
"winners",
"features",
"53",
"diamonds",
".",
"the",
"ladies",
"world",
"champion",
"receives",
"a",
"bracelet",
"that",
"is",
"adorned",
"with",
"four",
"black",
"diamonds",
",",
"two",
"rub",
"##ies",
"and",
"87",
"blue",
"sapphire",
"##s",
".",
"the",
"$",
"50",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"horse",
"champion",
"bracelet",
"has",
"91",
"black",
"diamonds",
"and",
"two",
"rub"
] | 157,156 |
used rubies to represent the heart and diamond suits, a sapphire to represent the spade and three black diamonds to represent the clubs. in 2007, corum became the official bracelet manufacturer for the wsop. some of the 2007 wsop champions received both a watch and a bracelet from corum. corum designed four variations for the 2007 world series of poker bracelets. the standard version that is presented to 53 winners features 53 diamonds. the ladies world champion receives a bracelet that is adorned with four black diamonds, two rubies and 87 blue sapphires. the $ 50 @, @ 000 horse champion bracelet has 91 black diamonds and two rub
| 99 |
[
"as",
"gems",
"in",
"greater",
"quantities",
"than",
"was",
"previously",
"economically",
"feasible",
".",
"diamonds",
"which",
"have",
"been",
"prepared",
"as",
"gems",
"##tones",
"are",
"sold",
"on",
"diamond",
"exchanges",
"called",
"bo",
"##urse",
"##s",
".",
"there",
"are",
"28",
"registered",
"diamond",
"bo",
"##urse",
"##s",
"in",
"the",
"world",
".",
"bo",
"##urse",
"##s",
"are",
"the",
"final",
"tightly",
"controlled",
"step",
"in",
"the",
"diamond",
"supply",
"chain",
";",
"wholesale",
"##rs",
"and",
"even",
"retailers",
"are",
"able",
"to",
"buy",
"relatively",
"small",
"lots",
"of",
"diamonds",
"at",
"the",
"bo",
"##urse",
"##s",
",",
"after",
"which",
"they",
"are",
"prepared",
"for",
"final",
"sale",
"to",
"the",
"consumer",
".",
"diamonds",
"can",
"be",
"sold",
"already",
"set",
"in",
"jewelry",
",",
"or",
"sold",
"un",
"##set",
"(",
"\"",
"loose",
"\"",
")",
".",
"according",
"to",
"the",
"rio",
"tin",
"##to",
"group",
",",
"in",
"2002",
"the",
"diamonds",
"produced",
"and",
"released",
"to",
"the",
"market",
"were",
"valued",
"at"
] | 436,628 |
as gems in greater quantities than was previously economically feasible. diamonds which have been prepared as gemstones are sold on diamond exchanges called bourses. there are 28 registered diamond bourses in the world. bourses are the final tightly controlled step in the diamond supply chain ; wholesalers and even retailers are able to buy relatively small lots of diamonds at the bourses, after which they are prepared for final sale to the consumer. diamonds can be sold already set in jewelry, or sold unset ( " loose " ). according to the rio tinto group, in 2002 the diamonds produced and released to the market were valued at
| 99 |
[
".",
"the",
"gang",
"have",
"since",
"been",
"arrested",
"and",
"large",
"amounts",
"of",
"cash",
"and",
"diamonds",
"recovered",
".",
"the",
"identification",
"of",
"stolen",
"diamonds",
"presents",
"a",
"set",
"of",
"difficult",
"problems",
".",
"rough",
"diamonds",
"will",
"have",
"a",
"distinctive",
"shape",
"depending",
"on",
"whether",
"their",
"source",
"is",
"a",
"mine",
"or",
"from",
"an",
"all",
"##u",
"##vial",
"environment",
"such",
"as",
"a",
"beach",
"or",
"river",
"-",
"all",
"##u",
"##vial",
"diamonds",
"have",
"smooth",
"##er",
"surfaces",
"than",
"those",
"that",
"have",
"been",
"mined",
".",
"determining",
"the",
"proven",
"##ance",
"of",
"cut",
"and",
"polished",
"stones",
"is",
"much",
"more",
"complex",
".",
"the",
"kimberley",
"process",
"was",
"developed",
"to",
"monitor",
"the",
"trade",
"in",
"rough",
"diamonds",
"and",
"prevent",
"their",
"being",
"used",
"to",
"fund",
"violence",
".",
"before",
"export",
"##ing",
",",
"rough",
"diamonds",
"are",
"certificate",
"##d",
"by",
"the",
"government",
"of",
"the",
"country",
"of",
"origin",
".",
"some",
"countries",
","
] | 436,660 |
. the gang have since been arrested and large amounts of cash and diamonds recovered. the identification of stolen diamonds presents a set of difficult problems. rough diamonds will have a distinctive shape depending on whether their source is a mine or from an alluvial environment such as a beach or river - alluvial diamonds have smoother surfaces than those that have been mined. determining the provenance of cut and polished stones is much more complex. the kimberley process was developed to monitor the trade in rough diamonds and prevent their being used to fund violence. before exporting, rough diamonds are certificated by the government of the country of origin. some countries,
| 99 |
[
"@",
"5",
"billion",
"cara",
"##ts",
"have",
"been",
"mined",
"since",
"that",
"date",
".",
"about",
"20",
"%",
"of",
"that",
"amount",
"has",
"been",
"mined",
"in",
"the",
"last",
"5",
"years",
"alone",
",",
"and",
"during",
"the",
"last",
"ten",
"years",
"9",
"new",
"mines",
"have",
"started",
"production",
"while",
"4",
"more",
"are",
"waiting",
"to",
"be",
"opened",
"soon",
".",
"most",
"of",
"these",
"mines",
"are",
"located",
"in",
"canada",
",",
"zimbabwe",
",",
"angola",
",",
"and",
"one",
"in",
"russia",
".",
"in",
"the",
"united",
"states",
",",
"diamonds",
"have",
"been",
"found",
"in",
"arkansas",
",",
"colorado",
"and",
"montana",
".",
"in",
"2004",
",",
"a",
"startling",
"discovery",
"of",
"a",
"microscopic",
"diamond",
"in",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"led",
"to",
"the",
"january",
"2008",
"bulk",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"sampling",
"of",
"kim",
"##ber",
"##lite",
"pipes",
"in",
"a",
"remote",
"part",
"of",
"montana",
".",
"today",
",",
"most",
"commercially",
"viable",
"diamond",
"deposits",
"are"
] | 61,815 |
@ 5 billion carats have been mined since that date. about 20 % of that amount has been mined in the last 5 years alone, and during the last ten years 9 new mines have started production while 4 more are waiting to be opened soon. most of these mines are located in canada, zimbabwe, angola, and one in russia. in the united states, diamonds have been found in arkansas, colorado and montana. in 2004, a startling discovery of a microscopic diamond in the united states led to the january 2008 bulk @ - @ sampling of kimberlite pipes in a remote part of montana. today, most commercially viable diamond deposits are
| 99 |
[
"date",
"of",
"import",
"##ation",
".",
"however",
",",
"e",
".",
"f",
".",
"bend",
"##ler",
",",
"an",
"american",
"wholesale",
"##r",
"and",
"dealer",
"in",
"diamonds",
"and",
"a",
"rival",
"of",
"ma",
"##ub",
"##ous",
"##sin",
",",
"filed",
"a",
"protest",
"that",
"resulted",
"in",
"a",
"lawsuit",
"to",
"determine",
"whether",
"a",
"tax",
"should",
"be",
"imposed",
"on",
"the",
"diamond",
"'",
"s",
"entry",
"into",
"the",
"united",
"states",
".",
"by",
"november",
"1927",
",",
"ma",
"##ub",
"##ous",
"##sin",
"considered",
"selling",
"the",
"diamond",
"to",
"friends",
"of",
"general",
"pri",
"##mo",
"de",
"rivera",
",",
"who",
"planned",
"to",
"give",
"the",
"diamond",
"to",
"the",
"dictator",
"on",
"the",
"occasion",
"of",
"his",
"forthcoming",
"invest",
"##it",
"##ure",
"as",
"marshal",
"of",
"spain",
".",
"that",
"sale",
"never",
"material",
"##ised",
"and",
"the",
"lawsuit",
"continued",
".",
"the",
"diamond",
"was",
"nearly",
"lost",
"in",
"a",
"theft",
"that",
"occurred",
"in",
"january",
"1929",
",",
"when",
"four"
] | 326,749 |
date of importation. however, e. f. bendler, an american wholesaler and dealer in diamonds and a rival of mauboussin, filed a protest that resulted in a lawsuit to determine whether a tax should be imposed on the diamond's entry into the united states. by november 1927, mauboussin considered selling the diamond to friends of general primo de rivera, who planned to give the diamond to the dictator on the occasion of his forthcoming investiture as marshal of spain. that sale never materialised and the lawsuit continued. the diamond was nearly lost in a theft that occurred in january 1929, when four
| 99 |
[
"fractures",
"or",
"\"",
"feathers",
"\"",
",",
"can",
"compromise",
"the",
"structural",
"integrity",
"of",
"a",
"diamond",
".",
"cut",
"diamonds",
"that",
"have",
"been",
"enhanced",
"to",
"improve",
"their",
"clarity",
"via",
"glass",
"in",
"##fi",
"##lling",
"of",
"fractures",
"or",
"ca",
"##vi",
"##ties",
"are",
"especially",
"fragile",
",",
"as",
"the",
"glass",
"will",
"not",
"stand",
"up",
"to",
"ultra",
"##sonic",
"cleaning",
"or",
"the",
"rig",
"##ors",
"of",
"the",
"jewel",
"##er",
"'",
"s",
"torch",
".",
"fracture",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"filled",
"diamonds",
"may",
"shatter",
"if",
"treated",
"improper",
"##ly",
".",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"pressure",
"resistance",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"used",
"in",
"so",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"called",
"diamond",
"an",
"##vil",
"experiments",
"to",
"create",
"high",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"pressure",
"environments",
",",
"diamonds",
"are",
"able",
"to",
"withstand",
"crushing",
"pressures",
"in",
"excess",
"of",
"600",
"gig",
"##apa",
"##sca",
"##ls",
"(",
"6",
"million",
"atmosphere",
"##s",
")",
".",
"=",
"="
] | 320,807 |
fractures or " feathers ", can compromise the structural integrity of a diamond. cut diamonds that have been enhanced to improve their clarity via glass infilling of fractures or cavities are especially fragile, as the glass will not stand up to ultrasonic cleaning or the rigors of the jeweler's torch. fracture @ - @ filled diamonds may shatter if treated improperly. = = = pressure resistance = = = used in so @ - @ called diamond anvil experiments to create high @ - @ pressure environments, diamonds are able to withstand crushing pressures in excess of 600 gigapascals ( 6 million atmospheres ). = =
| 99 |
[
"black",
".",
"so",
"jack",
"diamond",
"went",
"at",
"his",
"dan",
"##cin",
"'",
"with",
"double",
"energy",
"—",
"first",
",",
"for",
"his",
"place",
",",
"next",
",",
"for",
"his",
"color",
".",
"\"",
"he",
"beat",
"ju",
"##ba",
"'",
"s",
"time",
"and",
"\"",
"gave",
"a",
"hop",
",",
"skip",
"and",
"a",
"jump",
",",
"a",
"yell",
"and",
"a",
"bow",
"\"",
".",
"a",
"black",
"man",
"shouted",
"out",
",",
"\"",
"he",
"'",
"s",
"a",
"white",
"man",
",",
"sure",
".",
".",
".",
"but",
"he",
"'",
"s",
"got",
"a",
"ni",
"##gger",
"in",
"his",
"heel",
".",
"\"",
"the",
"two",
"had",
"their",
"most",
"famous",
"match",
"##up",
"in",
"new",
"york",
"city",
"in",
"1844",
",",
"where",
"ju",
"##ba",
"beat",
"diamond",
"for",
"$",
"500",
".",
"ju",
"##ba",
"then",
"traveled",
"to",
"boston",
",",
"billing",
"himself",
"as",
"the",
"\"",
"king",
"of",
"all",
"the",
"dancers",
"\"",
",",
"and"
] | 689,043 |
black. so jack diamond went at his dancin'with double energy — first, for his place, next, for his color. " he beat juba's time and " gave a hop, skip and a jump, a yell and a bow ". a black man shouted out, " he's a white man, sure... but he's got a nigger in his heel. " the two had their most famous matchup in new york city in 1844, where juba beat diamond for $ 500. juba then traveled to boston, billing himself as the " king of all the dancers ", and
| 99 |
[
"of",
"800",
"°",
"c",
".",
"this",
"low",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"pressure",
"process",
"is",
"known",
"as",
"chemical",
"vapor",
"deposition",
"(",
"cv",
"##d",
")",
".",
"william",
"g",
".",
"ever",
"##sol",
"##e",
"reportedly",
"achieved",
"vapor",
"deposition",
"of",
"diamond",
"over",
"diamond",
"substrate",
"in",
"1953",
",",
"but",
"it",
"was",
"not",
"reported",
"until",
"1962",
".",
"diamond",
"film",
"deposition",
"was",
"independently",
"reproduced",
"by",
"angus",
"and",
"cow",
"##or",
"##kers",
"in",
"1968",
"and",
"by",
"der",
"##ya",
"##gin",
"and",
"fed",
"##ose",
"##ev",
"in",
"1970",
".",
"whereas",
"ever",
"##sol",
"##e",
"and",
"angus",
"used",
"large",
",",
"expensive",
",",
"single",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"crystal",
"diamonds",
"as",
"substrates",
",",
"der",
"##ya",
"##gin",
"and",
"fed",
"##ose",
"##ev",
"succeeded",
"in",
"making",
"diamond",
"films",
"on",
"non",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"diamond",
"materials",
"(",
"silicon",
"and",
"metals",
")",
",",
"which",
"led",
"to",
"massive",
"research",
"on",
"inexpensive",
"diamond"
] | 242,019 |
of 800 ° c. this low @ - @ pressure process is known as chemical vapor deposition ( cvd ). william g. eversole reportedly achieved vapor deposition of diamond over diamond substrate in 1953, but it was not reported until 1962. diamond film deposition was independently reproduced by angus and coworkers in 1968 and by deryagin and fedoseev in 1970. whereas eversole and angus used large, expensive, single @ - @ crystal diamonds as substrates, deryagin and fedoseev succeeded in making diamond films on non @ - @ diamond materials ( silicon and metals ), which led to massive research on inexpensive diamond
| 99 |
[
"and",
"crystal",
"flaws",
".",
"the",
"cutter",
"has",
"to",
"decide",
"which",
"flaws",
"are",
"to",
"be",
"removed",
"by",
"the",
"cutting",
"and",
"which",
"could",
"be",
"kept",
".",
"the",
"diamond",
"can",
"be",
"split",
"by",
"a",
"single",
",",
"well",
"calculated",
"blow",
"of",
"a",
"hammer",
"to",
"a",
"pointed",
"tool",
",",
"which",
"is",
"quick",
",",
"but",
"risky",
".",
"alternatively",
",",
"it",
"can",
"be",
"cut",
"with",
"a",
"diamond",
"saw",
",",
"which",
"is",
"a",
"more",
"reliable",
"but",
"ted",
"##ious",
"procedure",
".",
"after",
"initial",
"cutting",
",",
"the",
"diamond",
"is",
"shaped",
"in",
"numerous",
"stages",
"of",
"polish",
"##ing",
".",
"unlike",
"cutting",
",",
"which",
"is",
"a",
"responsible",
"but",
"quick",
"operation",
",",
"polish",
"##ing",
"removes",
"material",
"by",
"gradual",
"erosion",
"and",
"is",
"extremely",
"time",
"consuming",
".",
"the",
"associated",
"technique",
"is",
"well",
"developed",
";",
"it",
"is",
"considered",
"as",
"a",
"routine",
"and",
"can",
"be",
"performed"
] | 436,632 |
and crystal flaws. the cutter has to decide which flaws are to be removed by the cutting and which could be kept. the diamond can be split by a single, well calculated blow of a hammer to a pointed tool, which is quick, but risky. alternatively, it can be cut with a diamond saw, which is a more reliable but tedious procedure. after initial cutting, the diamond is shaped in numerous stages of polishing. unlike cutting, which is a responsible but quick operation, polishing removes material by gradual erosion and is extremely time consuming. the associated technique is well developed ; it is considered as a routine and can be performed
| 99 |
[
"##ne",
",",
"a",
"somewhat",
"political",
"hi",
"##rak",
"raja",
"##r",
"des",
"##he",
"(",
"kingdom",
"of",
"diamonds",
")",
".",
"the",
"kingdom",
"of",
"the",
"evil",
"diamond",
"king",
",",
"or",
"hi",
"##rok",
"raj",
",",
"is",
"an",
"all",
"##usion",
"to",
"india",
"during",
"indira",
"gandhi",
"'",
"s",
"emergency",
"period",
".",
"along",
"with",
"his",
"acclaimed",
"short",
"film",
"pi",
"##ko",
"##o",
"(",
"pi",
"##ko",
"##o",
"'",
"s",
"diary",
")",
"and",
"hour",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"long",
"hindi",
"film",
",",
"sad",
"##gat",
"##i",
",",
"this",
"was",
"the",
"cu",
"##lm",
"##ination",
"of",
"his",
"work",
"in",
"this",
"period",
".",
"in",
"1983",
",",
"while",
"working",
"on",
"g",
"##har",
"##e",
"bai",
"##re",
"(",
"home",
"and",
"the",
"world",
")",
",",
"ray",
"suffered",
"a",
"heart",
"attack",
";",
"it",
"would",
"severely",
"limit",
"his",
"productivity",
"in",
"the",
"remaining",
"9",
"years",
"of",
"his",
"life",
".",
"g",
"##har"
] | 810,972 |
##ne, a somewhat political hirak rajar deshe ( kingdom of diamonds ). the kingdom of the evil diamond king, or hirok raj, is an allusion to india during indira gandhi's emergency period. along with his acclaimed short film pikoo ( pikoo's diary ) and hour @ - @ long hindi film, sadgati, this was the culmination of his work in this period. in 1983, while working on ghare baire ( home and the world ), ray suffered a heart attack ; it would severely limit his productivity in the remaining 9 years of his life. ghar
| 99 |
[
"bo",
"##raz",
"##on",
"\"",
"(",
"by",
"diamond",
"innovations",
")",
",",
"and",
"\"",
"el",
"##bor",
"\"",
"or",
"\"",
"cub",
"##oni",
"##te",
"\"",
"(",
"by",
"russian",
"vendors",
")",
".",
"similar",
"to",
"diamond",
",",
"the",
"combination",
"in",
"c",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"bn",
"of",
"highest",
"thermal",
"conduct",
"##ivity",
"and",
"electrical",
"resist",
"##ivity",
"is",
"ideal",
"for",
"heat",
"spread",
"##ers",
".",
"contrary",
"to",
"diamond",
",",
"large",
"c",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"bn",
"pe",
"##llet",
"##s",
"can",
"be",
"produced",
"in",
"a",
"simple",
"process",
"(",
"called",
"sin",
"##tering",
")",
"of",
"anne",
"##aling",
"c",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"bn",
"powder",
"##s",
"in",
"nitrogen",
"flow",
"at",
"temperatures",
"slightly",
"below",
"the",
"bn",
"decomposition",
"temperature",
".",
"this",
"ability",
"of",
"c",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"bn",
"and",
"h",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"bn",
"powder",
"##s",
"to",
"fuse",
"allows",
"cheap",
"production",
"of",
"large",
"bn",
"parts",
"."
] | 656,958 |
borazon " ( by diamond innovations ), and " elbor " or " cubonite " ( by russian vendors ). similar to diamond, the combination in c @ - @ bn of highest thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity is ideal for heat spreaders. contrary to diamond, large c @ - @ bn pellets can be produced in a simple process ( called sintering ) of annealing c @ - @ bn powders in nitrogen flow at temperatures slightly below the bn decomposition temperature. this ability of c @ - @ bn and h @ - @ bn powders to fuse allows cheap production of large bn parts.
| 99 |
[
"##less",
")",
"to",
"\"",
"z",
"\"",
"(",
"light",
"yellow",
")",
".",
"diamonds",
"of",
"a",
"different",
"color",
",",
"such",
"as",
"blue",
",",
"are",
"called",
"fancy",
"colored",
"diamonds",
",",
"and",
"fall",
"under",
"a",
"different",
"grading",
"scale",
".",
"in",
"2008",
",",
"the",
"wit",
"##tel",
"##sb",
"##ach",
"diamond",
",",
"a",
"35",
"@",
".",
"@",
"56",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"cara",
"##t",
"(",
"7",
"@",
".",
"@",
"112",
"g",
")",
"blue",
"diamond",
"once",
"belonging",
"to",
"the",
"king",
"of",
"spain",
",",
"fetch",
"##ed",
"over",
"us",
"$",
"24",
"million",
"at",
"a",
"christie",
"'",
"s",
"auction",
".",
"in",
"may",
"2009",
",",
"a",
"7",
"@",
".",
"@",
"03",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"cara",
"##t",
"(",
"1",
"@",
".",
"@",
"406",
"g",
")",
"blue",
"diamond",
"fetch",
"##ed",
"the",
"highest",
"price",
"per",
"cara",
"##t",
"ever",
"paid",
"for",
"a",
"diamond",
"when",
"it"
] | 436,615 |
##less ) to " z " ( light yellow ). diamonds of a different color, such as blue, are called fancy colored diamonds, and fall under a different grading scale. in 2008, the wittelsbach diamond, a 35 @. @ 56 @ - @ carat ( 7 @. @ 112 g ) blue diamond once belonging to the king of spain, fetched over us $ 24 million at a christie's auction. in may 2009, a 7 @. @ 03 @ - @ carat ( 1 @. @ 406 g ) blue diamond fetched the highest price per carat ever paid for a diamond when it
| 99 |
[
"such",
"as",
"venezuela",
",",
"are",
"not",
"party",
"to",
"the",
"agreement",
".",
"the",
"kimberley",
"process",
"does",
"not",
"apply",
"to",
"local",
"sales",
"of",
"rough",
"diamonds",
"within",
"a",
"country",
".",
"diamonds",
"may",
"be",
"etched",
"by",
"laser",
"with",
"marks",
"invisible",
"to",
"the",
"naked",
"eye",
".",
"la",
"##zar",
"##e",
"kaplan",
",",
"a",
"us",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"based",
"company",
",",
"developed",
"this",
"method",
".",
"however",
",",
"whatever",
"is",
"marked",
"on",
"a",
"diamond",
"can",
"readily",
"be",
"removed",
".",
"c",
".",
"even",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"z",
"##oh",
"##ar",
"(",
"2007",
")",
".",
"from",
"mine",
"to",
"mistress",
":",
"corporate",
"strategies",
"and",
"government",
"policies",
"in",
"the",
"international",
"diamond",
"industry",
"(",
"2nd",
"ed",
".",
")",
".",
"mining",
"journal",
"press",
".",
"g",
".",
"davies",
"(",
"1994",
")",
".",
"properties",
"and",
"growth",
"of",
"diamond",
".",
"ins",
"##pe",
"##c",
".",
"isbn",
"0"
] | 436,661 |
such as venezuela, are not party to the agreement. the kimberley process does not apply to local sales of rough diamonds within a country. diamonds may be etched by laser with marks invisible to the naked eye. lazare kaplan, a us @ - @ based company, developed this method. however, whatever is marked on a diamond can readily be removed. c. even @ - @ zohar ( 2007 ). from mine to mistress : corporate strategies and government policies in the international diamond industry ( 2nd ed. ). mining journal press. g. davies ( 1994 ). properties and growth of diamond. inspec. isbn 0
| 99 |
[
"george",
"ma",
"##ub",
"##ous",
"##sin",
"had",
"become",
"the",
"named",
"partner",
"of",
"\"",
"ma",
"##ub",
"##ous",
"##sin",
",",
"success",
"##eur",
"de",
"no",
"##ury",
",",
"\"",
"a",
"french",
"jewellery",
"house",
"that",
"traced",
"its",
"roots",
"to",
"its",
"founding",
"by",
"m",
".",
"roche",
"##r",
"in",
"1827",
".",
"in",
"march",
"1927",
",",
"the",
"duke",
"of",
"westminster",
"used",
"us",
"import",
"##ers",
"mayer",
"##s",
",",
"os",
"##ter",
"##wald",
"&",
"mu",
"##hl",
"##feld",
"to",
"sell",
"the",
"diamond",
"to",
"parisian",
"jewel",
"##ler",
"george",
"ma",
"##ub",
"##ous",
"##sin",
",",
"who",
"was",
"living",
"in",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"at",
"the",
"time",
".",
"ma",
"##ub",
"##ous",
"##sin",
"'",
"s",
"import",
"##ation",
"of",
"the",
"diamond",
"into",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"was",
"tax",
"free",
",",
"since",
"the",
"diamond",
"was",
"determined",
"to",
"be",
"an",
"artistic",
"antiquity",
"produced",
"more",
"than",
"one",
"hundred",
"years",
"prior",
"to",
"the"
] | 326,748 |
george mauboussin had become the named partner of " mauboussin, successeur de noury, " a french jewellery house that traced its roots to its founding by m. rocher in 1827. in march 1927, the duke of westminster used us importers mayers, osterwald & muhlfeld to sell the diamond to parisian jeweller george mauboussin, who was living in the united states at the time. mauboussin's importation of the diamond into the united states was tax free, since the diamond was determined to be an artistic antiquity produced more than one hundred years prior to the
| 99 |
[
"and",
"carbon",
"##ado",
"diamond",
"are",
"exceptional",
",",
"as",
"they",
"are",
"poly",
"##cr",
"##yst",
"##all",
"##ine",
"and",
"therefore",
"much",
"tough",
"##er",
"than",
"single",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"crystal",
"diamond",
";",
"they",
"are",
"used",
"for",
"deep",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"drilling",
"bits",
"and",
"other",
"demanding",
"industrial",
"applications",
".",
"particular",
"face",
"##ting",
"shapes",
"of",
"diamonds",
"are",
"more",
"prone",
"to",
"break",
"##age",
"and",
"thus",
"may",
"be",
"un",
"##ins",
"##urable",
"by",
"rep",
"##utable",
"insurance",
"companies",
".",
"the",
"brilliant",
"cut",
"of",
"gems",
"##tones",
"is",
"designed",
"specifically",
"to",
"reduce",
"the",
"likelihood",
"of",
"break",
"##age",
"or",
"splinter",
"##ing",
".",
"solid",
"foreign",
"crystals",
"are",
"commonly",
"present",
"in",
"diamond",
".",
"they",
"are",
"mostly",
"minerals",
",",
"such",
"as",
"ol",
"##iv",
"##ine",
",",
"ga",
"##rnet",
"##s",
",",
"ruby",
",",
"and",
"many",
"others",
".",
"these",
"and",
"other",
"inclusion",
"##s",
",",
"such",
"as",
"internal"
] | 320,806 |
and carbonado diamond are exceptional, as they are polycrystalline and therefore much tougher than single @ - @ crystal diamond ; they are used for deep @ - @ drilling bits and other demanding industrial applications. particular faceting shapes of diamonds are more prone to breakage and thus may be uninsurable by reputable insurance companies. the brilliant cut of gemstones is designed specifically to reduce the likelihood of breakage or splintering. solid foreign crystals are commonly present in diamond. they are mostly minerals, such as olivine, garnets, ruby, and many others. these and other inclusions, such as internal
| 99 |
[
"emanuel",
"brothers",
"sold",
"the",
"nas",
"##sa",
"##k",
"diamond",
"at",
"a",
"public",
"sale",
"to",
"robert",
"gr",
"##os",
"##venor",
",",
"the",
"1st",
"marquess",
"of",
"westminster",
".",
"at",
"one",
"point",
",",
"the",
"marquess",
"mounted",
"the",
"diamond",
"in",
"the",
"handle",
"of",
"his",
"dress",
"sword",
".",
"in",
"1886",
",",
"the",
"diamond",
"was",
"valued",
"at",
"between",
"30",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"and",
"40",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"pounds",
"(",
"today",
"between",
"£",
"2",
"@",
",",
"@",
"94",
"##7",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"and",
"£",
"3",
"@",
",",
"@",
"930",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
")",
",",
"due",
"in",
"part",
"to",
"its",
"vast",
"gain",
"in",
"br",
"##ill",
"##ian",
"##cy",
"from",
"the",
"re",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"cut",
"by",
"run",
"##dell",
"and",
"bridge",
".",
"=",
"=",
"ma",
"##ub",
"##ous",
"##sin",
"and",
"the",
"lawsuit",
"=",
"=",
"in",
"1922",
","
] | 326,747 |
emanuel brothers sold the nassak diamond at a public sale to robert grosvenor, the 1st marquess of westminster. at one point, the marquess mounted the diamond in the handle of his dress sword. in 1886, the diamond was valued at between 30 @, @ 000 and 40 @, @ 000 pounds ( today between £ 2 @, @ 947 @, @ 000 and £ 3 @, @ 930 @, @ 000 ), due in part to its vast gain in brilliancy from the re @ - @ cut by rundell and bridge. = = mauboussin and the lawsuit = = in 1922,
| 99 |
[
"it",
"to",
"its",
"present",
"flawless",
"43",
"@",
".",
"@",
"38",
"cara",
"##ts",
"(",
"8",
"@",
".",
"@",
"67",
"##6",
"g",
")",
"emerald",
"cut",
"shape",
".",
"winston",
"sold",
"the",
"diamond",
"to",
"a",
"new",
"york",
"jewellery",
"firm",
"in",
"1942",
".",
"in",
"1944",
",",
"commander",
"william",
"bat",
"##eman",
"leeds",
",",
"jr",
".",
",",
"millionaire",
"son",
"of",
"the",
"inventor",
"of",
"a",
"tin",
"pl",
"##ating",
"process",
"and",
"friend",
"of",
"george",
"ma",
"##ub",
"##ous",
"##sin",
",",
"purchased",
"the",
"diamond",
"for",
"his",
"wife",
",",
"reflex",
"##ion",
"olive",
"leeds",
"(",
"born",
"olive",
"hamilton",
")",
",",
"and",
"gave",
"it",
"to",
"her",
"in",
"a",
"set",
"ring",
"as",
"a",
"sixth",
"anniversary",
"present",
".",
"=",
"=",
"present",
"information",
"=",
"=",
"in",
"early",
"1964",
",",
"gem",
"##ologist",
"g",
".",
"robert",
"(",
"bob",
")",
"crown",
"##ings",
"##hi",
"##eld",
"evaluated",
"the",
"nas",
"##sa"
] | 326,754 |
it to its present flawless 43 @. @ 38 carats ( 8 @. @ 676 g ) emerald cut shape. winston sold the diamond to a new york jewellery firm in 1942. in 1944, commander william bateman leeds, jr., millionaire son of the inventor of a tin plating process and friend of george mauboussin, purchased the diamond for his wife, reflexion olive leeds ( born olive hamilton ), and gave it to her in a set ring as a sixth anniversary present. = = present information = = in early 1964, gemologist g. robert ( bob ) crowningshield evaluated the nassa
| 99 |
[
"into",
"a",
"gas",
"##ke",
"##t",
".",
"the",
"team",
"recorded",
"diamond",
"synthesis",
"on",
"one",
"occasion",
",",
"but",
"the",
"experiment",
"could",
"not",
"be",
"reproduced",
"because",
"of",
"uncertain",
"synthesis",
"conditions",
",",
"and",
"the",
"diamond",
"was",
"later",
"shown",
"to",
"have",
"been",
"a",
"natural",
"diamond",
"used",
"as",
"a",
"seed",
".",
"hall",
"achieved",
"the",
"first",
"commercially",
"successful",
"synthesis",
"of",
"diamond",
"on",
"december",
"16",
",",
"1954",
",",
"and",
"this",
"was",
"announced",
"on",
"february",
"15",
",",
"1955",
".",
"his",
"breakthrough",
"was",
"using",
"a",
"\"",
"belt",
"\"",
"press",
",",
"which",
"was",
"capable",
"of",
"producing",
"pressures",
"above",
"10",
"gp",
"##a",
"(",
"1",
"@",
",",
"@",
"500",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"psi",
")",
"and",
"temperatures",
"above",
"2",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"°",
"c",
"(",
"3",
"@",
",",
"@",
"630",
"°",
"f",
")",
".",
"the",
"press",
"used",
"a",
"p",
"##yr"
] | 242,011 |
into a gasket. the team recorded diamond synthesis on one occasion, but the experiment could not be reproduced because of uncertain synthesis conditions, and the diamond was later shown to have been a natural diamond used as a seed. hall achieved the first commercially successful synthesis of diamond on december 16, 1954, and this was announced on february 15, 1955. his breakthrough was using a " belt " press, which was capable of producing pressures above 10 gpa ( 1 @, @ 500 @, @ 000 psi ) and temperatures above 2 @, @ 000 ° c ( 3 @, @ 630 ° f ). the press used a pyr
| 99 |
[
"mara",
"##tha",
"war",
".",
"during",
"the",
"mara",
"##tha",
"war",
",",
"the",
"nas",
"##sa",
"##k",
"diamond",
"disappeared",
"from",
"the",
"shiva",
"temple",
".",
"the",
"war",
"ended",
"in",
"1818",
"and",
"the",
"british",
"east",
"india",
"company",
"was",
"left",
"decisive",
"##ly",
"in",
"control",
"of",
"most",
"of",
"india",
".",
"the",
"nas",
"##sa",
"##k",
"diamond",
"quickly",
"res",
"##ur",
"##face",
"##d",
"in",
"the",
"possession",
"of",
"ba",
"##ji",
"rao",
"ii",
"the",
"last",
"independent",
"indian",
"pe",
"##sh",
"##wa",
"prince",
",",
"who",
"handed",
"over",
"the",
"diamond",
"to",
"an",
"english",
"colonel",
"named",
"j",
".",
"briggs",
".",
"in",
"turn",
",",
"briggs",
"delivered",
"the",
"diamond",
"to",
"francis",
"raw",
"##don",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"hastings",
",",
"the",
"1st",
"marquess",
"of",
"hastings",
"who",
"had",
"conducted",
"the",
"military",
"operations",
"against",
"the",
"pe",
"##sh",
"##wa",
".",
"raw",
"##don",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"hastings",
"delivered",
"the",
"diamond",
"to",
"the"
] | 326,743 |
maratha war. during the maratha war, the nassak diamond disappeared from the shiva temple. the war ended in 1818 and the british east india company was left decisively in control of most of india. the nassak diamond quickly resurfaced in the possession of baji rao ii the last independent indian peshwa prince, who handed over the diamond to an english colonel named j. briggs. in turn, briggs delivered the diamond to francis rawdon @ - @ hastings, the 1st marquess of hastings who had conducted the military operations against the peshwa. rawdon @ - @ hastings delivered the diamond to the
| 99 |
[
"as",
"being",
"a",
"semi",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"triangular",
"mo",
"##gh",
"##al",
"cut",
"with",
"a",
"plateau",
"top",
",",
"similar",
"looking",
"to",
"the",
"115",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"cara",
"##t",
"ta",
"##j",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"e",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"ma",
"##h",
"diamond",
"which",
"resides",
"in",
"the",
"iranian",
"crown",
"jewels",
".",
"despite",
"its",
"appearance",
",",
"the",
"diamond",
"was",
"sold",
"for",
"about",
"3",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"pounds",
"(",
"equivalent",
"today",
"to",
"£",
"198",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
")",
"to",
"run",
"##dell",
"and",
"bridge",
",",
"a",
"british",
"jewellery",
"firm",
"based",
"in",
"london",
".",
"run",
"##dell",
"and",
"bridge",
"held",
"onto",
"the",
"diamond",
"for",
"the",
"next",
"13",
"years",
".",
"during",
"that",
"time",
",",
"the",
"jewellery",
"firm",
"instructed",
"its",
"diamond",
"cutter",
"\"",
"to",
"keep",
"as",
"closely",
"as",
"possible",
"to",
"the",
"traces",
"of",
"the",
"hindu",
"cutter",
","
] | 326,745 |
as being a semi @ - @ triangular moghal cut with a plateau top, similar looking to the 115 @ - @ carat taj @ - @ e @ - @ mah diamond which resides in the iranian crown jewels. despite its appearance, the diamond was sold for about 3 @, @ 000 pounds ( equivalent today to £ 198 @, @ 000 ) to rundell and bridge, a british jewellery firm based in london. rundell and bridge held onto the diamond for the next 13 years. during that time, the jewellery firm instructed its diamond cutter " to keep as closely as possible to the traces of the hindu cutter,
| 99 |
[
"high",
"di",
"##sper",
"##sion",
".",
"taken",
"together",
",",
"these",
"factors",
"affect",
"the",
"overall",
"appearance",
"of",
"a",
"polished",
"diamond",
"and",
"most",
"dia",
"##man",
"##tai",
"##res",
"still",
"rely",
"upon",
"skilled",
"use",
"of",
"a",
"lou",
"##pe",
"(",
"mag",
"##ni",
"##fying",
"glass",
")",
"to",
"identify",
"diamonds",
"'",
"by",
"eye",
"'",
".",
"the",
"diamond",
"industry",
"can",
"be",
"separated",
"into",
"two",
"distinct",
"categories",
":",
"one",
"dealing",
"with",
"gem",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"grade",
"diamonds",
"and",
"another",
"for",
"industrial",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"grade",
"diamonds",
".",
"both",
"markets",
"value",
"diamonds",
"differently",
".",
"a",
"large",
"trade",
"in",
"gem",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"grade",
"diamonds",
"exists",
".",
"although",
"most",
"gem",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"grade",
"diamonds",
"are",
"sold",
"newly",
"polished",
",",
"there",
"is",
"a",
"well",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"established",
"market",
"for",
"res",
"##ale",
"of",
"polished",
"diamonds",
"(",
"e",
".",
"g",
"."
] | 436,618 |
high dispersion. taken together, these factors affect the overall appearance of a polished diamond and most diamantaires still rely upon skilled use of a loupe ( magnifying glass ) to identify diamonds'by eye '. the diamond industry can be separated into two distinct categories : one dealing with gem @ - @ grade diamonds and another for industrial @ - @ grade diamonds. both markets value diamonds differently. a large trade in gem @ - @ grade diamonds exists. although most gem @ - @ grade diamonds are sold newly polished, there is a well @ - @ established market for resale of polished diamonds ( e. g.
| 99 |
[
"was",
"released",
"on",
"4",
"june",
"1930",
".",
"in",
"that",
"decision",
",",
"the",
"court",
"determined",
"that",
"the",
"un",
"##set",
"78",
"@",
".",
"@",
"625",
"cara",
"##ts",
"(",
"15",
"@",
",",
"@",
"72",
"##5",
"@",
".",
"@",
"0",
"mg",
")",
"nas",
"##sa",
"##k",
"diamond",
"was",
"not",
"an",
"artistic",
"antiquity",
"and",
"was",
"suitable",
"for",
"use",
"in",
"manufacture",
"of",
"jewellery",
".",
"in",
"particular",
",",
"the",
"court",
"said",
"that",
"the",
"1930",
"nas",
"##sa",
"##k",
"diamond",
"was",
"nothing",
"more",
"than",
"\"",
"a",
"large",
"diamond",
",",
"cut",
"in",
"an",
"ordinary",
"way",
".",
"\"",
"as",
"a",
"result",
",",
"the",
"import",
"##er",
"owed",
"an",
"ad",
"valor",
"##em",
"tax",
"of",
"20",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"diamond",
"'",
"s",
"value",
"under",
"us",
"tariff",
"act",
"of",
"1922",
".",
"=",
"=",
"harry",
"winston",
"'",
"s",
"influence",
"=",
"=",
"in",
"1930",
",",
"the"
] | 326,752 |
was released on 4 june 1930. in that decision, the court determined that the unset 78 @. @ 625 carats ( 15 @, @ 725 @. @ 0 mg ) nassak diamond was not an artistic antiquity and was suitable for use in manufacture of jewellery. in particular, the court said that the 1930 nassak diamond was nothing more than " a large diamond, cut in an ordinary way. " as a result, the importer owed an ad valorem tax of 20 % of the diamond's value under us tariff act of 1922. = = harry winston's influence = = in 1930, the
| 99 |
[
"per",
"year",
"are",
"for",
"industrial",
"use",
".",
"around",
"50",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"133",
"million",
"cara",
"##ts",
"of",
"natural",
"diamonds",
"mined",
"per",
"year",
"end",
"up",
"in",
"industrial",
"use",
".",
"mining",
"companies",
"'",
"expenses",
"average",
"$",
"40",
"to",
"$",
"60",
"per",
"cara",
"##t",
"for",
"natural",
"color",
"##less",
"diamonds",
",",
"while",
"synthetic",
"manufacturers",
"'",
"expenses",
"average",
"$",
"2",
"@",
",",
"@",
"500",
"per",
"cara",
"##t",
"for",
"synthetic",
",",
"gem",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"quality",
"color",
"##less",
"diamonds",
".",
"however",
",",
"a",
"purchase",
"##r",
"is",
"more",
"likely",
"to",
"encounter",
"a",
"synthetic",
"when",
"looking",
"for",
"a",
"fancy",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"colored",
"diamond",
"because",
"nearly",
"all",
"synthetic",
"diamonds",
"are",
"fancy",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"colored",
",",
"while",
"only",
"0",
"@",
".",
"@",
"01",
"%",
"of",
"natural",
"diamonds",
"are",
".",
"a",
"diamond",
"sim",
"##ula",
"##nt",
"is",
"a"
] | 436,652 |
per year are for industrial use. around 50 % of the 133 million carats of natural diamonds mined per year end up in industrial use. mining companies'expenses average $ 40 to $ 60 per carat for natural colorless diamonds, while synthetic manufacturers'expenses average $ 2 @, @ 500 per carat for synthetic, gem @ - @ quality colorless diamonds. however, a purchaser is more likely to encounter a synthetic when looking for a fancy @ - @ colored diamond because nearly all synthetic diamonds are fancy @ - @ colored, while only 0 @. @ 01 % of natural diamonds are. a diamond simulant is a
| 99 |
[
"@",
"grown",
",",
"laboratory",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"created",
",",
"and",
"[",
"manufacturer",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"name",
"]",
"-",
"created",
"\"",
"would",
"more",
"clearly",
"communicate",
"the",
"nature",
"of",
"the",
"stone",
"\"",
".",
"numerous",
"claims",
"of",
"diamond",
"synthesis",
"were",
"documented",
"between",
"1879",
"and",
"1928",
";",
"most",
"of",
"those",
"attempts",
"were",
"carefully",
"analyzed",
"but",
"none",
"were",
"confirmed",
".",
"in",
"the",
"1940s",
",",
"systematic",
"research",
"began",
"in",
"the",
"united",
"states",
",",
"sweden",
"and",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"to",
"grow",
"diamonds",
"using",
"cv",
"##d",
"and",
"hp",
"##ht",
"processes",
".",
"the",
"first",
"rep",
"##rod",
"##ucible",
"synthesis",
"was",
"reported",
"around",
"1953",
".",
"those",
"two",
"processes",
"still",
"dominate",
"the",
"production",
"of",
"synthetic",
"diamond",
".",
"a",
"third",
"method",
",",
"known",
"as",
"det",
"##ona",
"##tion",
"synthesis",
",",
"entered",
"the",
"diamond",
"market",
"in",
"the",
"late",
"1990s",
".",
"in",
"this",
"process"
] | 242,002 |
@ grown, laboratory @ - @ created, and [ manufacturer @ - @ name ] - created " would more clearly communicate the nature of the stone ". numerous claims of diamond synthesis were documented between 1879 and 1928 ; most of those attempts were carefully analyzed but none were confirmed. in the 1940s, systematic research began in the united states, sweden and the soviet union to grow diamonds using cvd and hpht processes. the first reproducible synthesis was reported around 1953. those two processes still dominate the production of synthetic diamond. a third method, known as detonation synthesis, entered the diamond market in the late 1990s. in this process
| 99 |
[
"had",
"been",
"bothering",
"women",
"through",
"a",
"plate",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"glass",
"window",
",",
"one",
"by",
"one",
",",
"and",
"then",
"arrested",
"them",
"for",
"malicious",
"destruction",
"of",
"property",
",",
"for",
"which",
"they",
"were",
"sentenced",
"to",
"30",
"days",
"in",
"jail",
".",
"he",
"also",
"di",
"##sar",
"##med",
"a",
"man",
"who",
"was",
"robb",
"##ing",
"a",
"crowded",
"restaurant",
"at",
"columbus",
"circle",
"with",
"two",
"guns",
"and",
"a",
"knife",
".",
"he",
"once",
"reputed",
"##ly",
"responded",
"to",
"a",
"threat",
"from",
"gangster",
"legs",
"diamond",
"by",
"empty",
"##ing",
"a",
"trash",
"bin",
"over",
"his",
"head",
",",
"and",
"forced",
"him",
"to",
"crawl",
"away",
".",
"other",
"accounts",
"of",
"the",
"confrontation",
"hold",
"that",
"bro",
"##der",
"##ick",
"dumped",
"diamond",
"in",
"the",
"trash",
"bin",
"head",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"first",
",",
"while",
"others",
"say",
"that",
"bro",
"##der",
"##ick",
"knocked",
"out",
"diamond",
"with",
"a",
"single",
"blow",
","
] | 252,629 |
had been bothering women through a plate @ - @ glass window, one by one, and then arrested them for malicious destruction of property, for which they were sentenced to 30 days in jail. he also disarmed a man who was robbing a crowded restaurant at columbus circle with two guns and a knife. he once reputedly responded to a threat from gangster legs diamond by emptying a trash bin over his head, and forced him to crawl away. other accounts of the confrontation hold that broderick dumped diamond in the trash bin head @ - @ first, while others say that broderick knocked out diamond with a single blow,
| 99 |
[
"##ling",
"##ham",
",",
"the",
"inter",
"##lo",
"##cut",
"##or",
"and",
"master",
"of",
"ceremonies",
",",
"would",
"say",
",",
"\"",
"now",
",",
"master",
"ju",
"##ba",
",",
"show",
"your",
"own",
"ji",
"##g",
".",
"\"",
"whereupon",
"he",
"would",
"go",
"through",
"all",
"his",
"own",
"steps",
"and",
"special",
"##ties",
",",
"with",
"never",
"a",
"resemblance",
"in",
"any",
"of",
"them",
"to",
"those",
"he",
"had",
"just",
"im",
"##itated",
".",
"in",
"this",
"performance",
",",
"ju",
"##ba",
"im",
"##itated",
"the",
"white",
"min",
"##strel",
"performers",
"richard",
"pe",
"##lham",
",",
"frank",
"brow",
"##er",
",",
"john",
"daniels",
",",
"john",
"smith",
",",
"james",
"sanford",
",",
"frank",
"diamond",
",",
"and",
"john",
"diamond",
".",
"the",
"idea",
"that",
"ju",
"##ba",
"could",
"\"",
"im",
"##itate",
"himself",
"\"",
"after",
"mimic",
"##king",
"his",
"rivals",
"points",
"up",
",",
"according",
"to",
"lot",
"##t",
",",
"\"",
"min",
"##strel",
"##sy",
"'",
"s",
"fundamental",
"consequence"
] | 689,049 |
##lingham, the interlocutor and master of ceremonies, would say, " now, master juba, show your own jig. " whereupon he would go through all his own steps and specialties, with never a resemblance in any of them to those he had just imitated. in this performance, juba imitated the white minstrel performers richard pelham, frank brower, john daniels, john smith, james sanford, frank diamond, and john diamond. the idea that juba could " imitate himself " after mimicking his rivals points up, according to lott, " minstrelsy's fundamental consequence
| 99 |
[
"\"",
"plastic",
"soul",
"\"",
"and",
"the",
"thin",
"white",
"duke",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"bowie",
"moved",
"to",
"the",
"us",
"in",
"1974",
",",
"initially",
"staying",
"in",
"new",
"york",
"city",
"before",
"settling",
"in",
"los",
"angeles",
".",
"diamond",
"dogs",
"(",
"1974",
")",
",",
"parts",
"of",
"which",
"found",
"him",
"heading",
"towards",
"soul",
"and",
"funk",
",",
"was",
"the",
"product",
"of",
"two",
"distinct",
"ideas",
":",
"a",
"musical",
"based",
"on",
"a",
"wild",
"future",
"in",
"a",
"post",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"apocalyptic",
"city",
",",
"and",
"setting",
"george",
"or",
"##well",
"'",
"s",
"1984",
"to",
"music",
".",
"the",
"album",
"went",
"to",
"number",
"one",
"in",
"the",
"uk",
",",
"spawning",
"the",
"hits",
"\"",
"rebel",
"rebel",
"\"",
"and",
"\"",
"diamond",
"dogs",
"\"",
",",
"and",
"number",
"five",
"in",
"the",
"us",
".",
"to",
"promote",
"it",
",",
"bowie",
"launched",
"the",
"diamond",
"dogs",
"tour",
",",
"visiting",
"cities",
"in"
] | 638,072 |
" plastic soul " and the thin white duke = = = bowie moved to the us in 1974, initially staying in new york city before settling in los angeles. diamond dogs ( 1974 ), parts of which found him heading towards soul and funk, was the product of two distinct ideas : a musical based on a wild future in a post @ - @ apocalyptic city, and setting george orwell's 1984 to music. the album went to number one in the uk, spawning the hits " rebel rebel " and " diamond dogs ", and number five in the us. to promote it, bowie launched the diamond dogs tour, visiting cities in
| 99 |
[
"them",
"onto",
"a",
"leather",
"thong",
"given",
"by",
"an",
"elderly",
"south",
"african",
"in",
"ma",
"##fe",
"##king",
",",
"calling",
"it",
"the",
"wood",
"badge",
".",
"while",
"no",
"official",
"knot",
"exists",
"for",
"tying",
"the",
"two",
"ends",
"of",
"the",
"thong",
"together",
",",
"the",
"decorative",
"diamond",
"knot",
"has",
"become",
"the",
"most",
"common",
".",
"when",
"produced",
",",
"the",
"thong",
"is",
"joined",
"by",
"a",
"simple",
"over",
"##hand",
"knot",
"and",
"various",
"region",
"specific",
"traditions",
"have",
"arise",
"##n",
"around",
"tying",
"the",
"diamond",
"knot",
",",
"including",
":",
"having",
"a",
"fellow",
"course",
"member",
"tie",
"it",
";",
"having",
"a",
"mentor",
"or",
"course",
"leader",
"tie",
"it",
";",
"and",
"having",
"the",
"recipient",
"tie",
"it",
"after",
"completing",
"some",
"additional",
"activity",
"that",
"shows",
"he",
"or",
"she",
"has",
"mastered",
"the",
"skills",
"taught",
"to",
"him",
"or",
"her",
"during",
"training",
".",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"significance",
"of",
"additional"
] | 871,098 |
them onto a leather thong given by an elderly south african in mafeking, calling it the wood badge. while no official knot exists for tying the two ends of the thong together, the decorative diamond knot has become the most common. when produced, the thong is joined by a simple overhand knot and various region specific traditions have arisen around tying the diamond knot, including : having a fellow course member tie it ; having a mentor or course leader tie it ; and having the recipient tie it after completing some additional activity that shows he or she has mastered the skills taught to him or her during training. = = = = significance of additional
| 99 |
[
"synthetic",
"diamonds",
"can",
"be",
"performed",
",",
"depending",
"on",
"the",
"method",
"of",
"production",
"and",
"the",
"color",
"of",
"the",
"diamond",
".",
"cv",
"##d",
"diamonds",
"can",
"usually",
"be",
"identified",
"by",
"an",
"orange",
"flu",
"##orescence",
".",
"d",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"j",
"colored",
"diamonds",
"can",
"be",
"screened",
"through",
"the",
"swiss",
"gem",
"##mo",
"##logical",
"institute",
"'",
"s",
"diamond",
"spot",
"##ter",
".",
"stones",
"in",
"the",
"d",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"z",
"color",
"range",
"can",
"be",
"examined",
"through",
"the",
"diamonds",
"##ure",
"uv",
"/",
"visible",
"spec",
"##trom",
"##eter",
",",
"a",
"tool",
"developed",
"by",
"de",
"beers",
".",
"similarly",
",",
"natural",
"diamonds",
"usually",
"have",
"minor",
"imperfect",
"##ions",
"and",
"flaws",
",",
"such",
"as",
"inclusion",
"##s",
"of",
"foreign",
"material",
",",
"that",
"are",
"not",
"seen",
"in",
"synthetic",
"diamonds",
".",
"screening",
"devices",
"based",
"on",
"diamond",
"type",
"detection",
"can",
"be",
"used",
"to",
"make",
"a",
"distinction"
] | 436,658 |
synthetic diamonds can be performed, depending on the method of production and the color of the diamond. cvd diamonds can usually be identified by an orange fluorescence. d @ - @ j colored diamonds can be screened through the swiss gemmological institute's diamond spotter. stones in the d @ - @ z color range can be examined through the diamondsure uv / visible spectrometer, a tool developed by de beers. similarly, natural diamonds usually have minor imperfections and flaws, such as inclusions of foreign material, that are not seen in synthetic diamonds. screening devices based on diamond type detection can be used to make a distinction
| 99 |
[
"cl",
"##uttered",
",",
"making",
"a",
"reasonably",
"complex",
"game",
"seem",
"even",
"more",
"so",
"\"",
".",
"edge",
"concluded",
"that",
"if",
"the",
"player",
"can",
"get",
"through",
"these",
"issues",
",",
"there",
"is",
"\"",
"an",
"acute",
"psychological",
"game",
"to",
"be",
"played",
"\"",
".",
"mo",
"##lle",
"##ind",
"##ust",
"##ria",
"named",
"diamond",
"trust",
"of",
"london",
"as",
"one",
"of",
"their",
"top",
"games",
"of",
"2012",
",",
"describing",
"it",
"as",
"ro",
"##hrer",
"'",
"s",
"\"",
"most",
"elegant",
"##ly",
"designed",
"game",
"to",
"date",
"\"",
".",
"they",
"highlighted",
"how",
"it",
"critique",
"##s",
"the",
"blood",
"diamond",
"trade",
"by",
"using",
"game",
"mechanics",
"that",
"present",
"\"",
"the",
"world",
"from",
"the",
"cynical",
",",
"detached",
"perspective",
"of",
"the",
"homo",
"economic",
"##us",
"\"",
",",
"rather",
"than",
"by",
"le",
"##cturing",
"the",
"player",
".",
"paste",
"echoed",
"these",
"thoughts",
",",
"stating",
"that",
"the",
"game",
"offered",
"\"",
"no",
"over",
"##t"
] | 607,215 |
cluttered, making a reasonably complex game seem even more so ". edge concluded that if the player can get through these issues, there is " an acute psychological game to be played ". molleindustria named diamond trust of london as one of their top games of 2012, describing it as rohrer's " most elegantly designed game to date ". they highlighted how it critiques the blood diamond trade by using game mechanics that present " the world from the cynical, detached perspective of the homo economicus ", rather than by lecturing the player. paste echoed these thoughts, stating that the game offered " no overt
| 99 |
[
"deposition",
"(",
"cv",
"##d",
")",
".",
"several",
"non",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"diamond",
"materials",
",",
"which",
"include",
"cubic",
"z",
"##ir",
"##con",
"##ia",
"and",
"silicon",
"car",
"##bid",
"##e",
"and",
"are",
"often",
"called",
"diamond",
"sim",
"##ula",
"##nts",
",",
"resemble",
"diamond",
"in",
"appearance",
"and",
"many",
"properties",
".",
"special",
"gem",
"##ological",
"techniques",
"have",
"been",
"developed",
"to",
"distinguish",
"natural",
"diamonds",
",",
"synthetic",
"diamonds",
",",
"and",
"diamond",
"sim",
"##ula",
"##nts",
".",
"the",
"word",
"is",
"from",
"the",
"ancient",
"greek",
"α",
"##δ",
"##α",
"##μ",
"##α",
"##ς",
"–",
"adam",
"##as",
"\"",
"un",
"##break",
"##able",
"\"",
".",
"the",
"name",
"diamond",
"is",
"derived",
"from",
"the",
"ancient",
"greek",
"α",
"##δ",
"##α",
"##μ",
"##α",
"##ς",
"(",
"adam",
"##as",
")",
",",
"\"",
"proper",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"una",
"##lter",
"##able",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"un",
"##break",
"##able",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"un",
"##tam",
"##ed",
"\"",
","
] | 436,585 |
deposition ( cvd ). several non @ - @ diamond materials, which include cubic zirconia and silicon carbide and are often called diamond simulants, resemble diamond in appearance and many properties. special gemological techniques have been developed to distinguish natural diamonds, synthetic diamonds, and diamond simulants. the word is from the ancient greek αδαμας – adamas " unbreakable ". the name diamond is derived from the ancient greek αδαμας ( adamas ), " proper ", " unalterable ", " unbreakable ", " untamed ",
| 99 |
[
"revolutionary",
"groups",
"have",
"taken",
"control",
"of",
"diamond",
"mines",
",",
"using",
"proceeds",
"from",
"diamond",
"sales",
"to",
"finance",
"their",
"operations",
".",
"diamonds",
"sold",
"through",
"this",
"process",
"are",
"known",
"as",
"conflict",
"diamonds",
"or",
"blood",
"diamonds",
".",
"major",
"diamond",
"trading",
"corporations",
"continue",
"to",
"fund",
"and",
"fuel",
"these",
"conflicts",
"by",
"doing",
"business",
"with",
"armed",
"groups",
".",
"in",
"response",
"to",
"public",
"concerns",
"that",
"their",
"diamond",
"purchases",
"were",
"contributing",
"to",
"war",
"and",
"human",
"rights",
"abuses",
"in",
"central",
"and",
"western",
"africa",
",",
"the",
"united",
"nations",
",",
"the",
"diamond",
"industry",
"and",
"diamond",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"trading",
"nations",
"introduced",
"the",
"kimberley",
"process",
"in",
"2002",
".",
"the",
"kimberley",
"process",
"aims",
"to",
"ensure",
"that",
"conflict",
"diamonds",
"do",
"not",
"become",
"inter",
"##mi",
"##xed",
"with",
"the",
"diamonds",
"not",
"controlled",
"by",
"such",
"rebel",
"groups",
".",
"this",
"is",
"done",
"by",
"requiring",
"diamond",
"@",
"-"
] | 436,647 |
revolutionary groups have taken control of diamond mines, using proceeds from diamond sales to finance their operations. diamonds sold through this process are known as conflict diamonds or blood diamonds. major diamond trading corporations continue to fund and fuel these conflicts by doing business with armed groups. in response to public concerns that their diamond purchases were contributing to war and human rights abuses in central and western africa, the united nations, the diamond industry and diamond @ - @ trading nations introduced the kimberley process in 2002. the kimberley process aims to ensure that conflict diamonds don't become intermixed with the diamonds not controlled by such rebel groups. this is done by requiring diamond @ -
| 99 |
[
"\"",
"involving",
"matters",
"intimately",
"affecting",
"[",
"a",
"woman",
"'",
"s",
"]",
"morals",
"\"",
"another",
"woman",
"should",
"always",
"be",
"present",
"for",
"any",
"interviews",
".",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"united",
"diamond",
"fields",
"v",
"joel",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"hastings",
"was",
"next",
"involved",
"in",
"united",
"diamond",
"fields",
"of",
"british",
"guiana",
"ltd",
"v",
"joel",
"and",
"others",
",",
"which",
"he",
"considered",
"both",
"his",
"most",
"difficult",
"and",
"most",
"interesting",
"case",
".",
"following",
"the",
"discovery",
"of",
"the",
"diamond",
"mines",
"in",
"south",
"africa",
",",
"men",
"such",
"as",
"sol",
"##ly",
"joel",
"had",
"established",
"a",
"diamond",
"syndicate",
"to",
"restrict",
"the",
"amount",
"of",
"diamonds",
"on",
"the",
"market",
".",
"for",
"this",
"to",
"work",
",",
"they",
"had",
"to",
"control",
"the",
"entire",
"output",
"of",
"diamonds",
"in",
"the",
"world",
",",
"which",
"they",
"planned",
"to",
"do",
"by",
"acquiring",
"interests",
"in",
"all",
"of",
"the",
"diamond",
"mines",
"."
] | 538,009 |
" involving matters intimately affecting [ a woman's ] morals " another woman should always be present for any interviews. = = = united diamond fields v joel = = = hastings was next involved in united diamond fields of british guiana ltd v joel and others, which he considered both his most difficult and most interesting case. following the discovery of the diamond mines in south africa, men such as solly joel had established a diamond syndicate to restrict the amount of diamonds on the market. for this to work, they had to control the entire output of diamonds in the world, which they planned to do by acquiring interests in all of the diamond mines.
| 99 |
[
"kilometers",
"(",
"e",
".",
"g",
".",
",",
"all",
"##u",
"##vial",
"deposits",
"in",
"brazil",
")",
".",
"the",
"production",
"and",
"distribution",
"of",
"diamonds",
"is",
"largely",
"consolidated",
"in",
"the",
"hands",
"of",
"a",
"few",
"key",
"players",
",",
"and",
"concentrated",
"in",
"traditional",
"diamond",
"trading",
"centers",
",",
"the",
"most",
"important",
"being",
"antwerp",
",",
"where",
"80",
"%",
"of",
"all",
"rough",
"diamonds",
",",
"50",
"%",
"of",
"all",
"cut",
"diamonds",
"and",
"more",
"than",
"50",
"%",
"of",
"all",
"rough",
",",
"cut",
"and",
"industrial",
"diamonds",
"combined",
"are",
"handled",
".",
"this",
"makes",
"antwerp",
"a",
"de",
"facto",
"\"",
"world",
"diamond",
"capital",
"\"",
".",
"the",
"city",
"of",
"antwerp",
"also",
"hosts",
"the",
"antwerp",
"##sche",
"dia",
"##man",
"##t",
"##kr",
"##ing",
",",
"created",
"in",
"1929",
"to",
"become",
"the",
"first",
"and",
"biggest",
"diamond",
"bo",
"##urse",
"dedicated",
"to",
"rough",
"diamonds",
".",
"another",
"important",
"diamond",
"center",
"is",
"new"
] | 436,621 |
kilometers ( e. g., alluvial deposits in brazil ). the production and distribution of diamonds is largely consolidated in the hands of a few key players, and concentrated in traditional diamond trading centers, the most important being antwerp, where 80 % of all rough diamonds, 50 % of all cut diamonds and more than 50 % of all rough, cut and industrial diamonds combined are handled. this makes antwerp a de facto " world diamond capital ". the city of antwerp also hosts the antwerpsche diamantkring, created in 1929 to become the first and biggest diamond bourse dedicated to rough diamonds. another important diamond center is new
| 99 |
[
".",
"pl",
"##iny",
"moves",
"into",
"crystal",
"##log",
"##raphy",
"and",
"mineral",
"##ogy",
",",
"describing",
"the",
"oct",
"##ah",
"##ed",
"##ral",
"shape",
"of",
"the",
"diamond",
"and",
"recording",
"that",
"diamond",
"dust",
"is",
"used",
"by",
"gem",
"engraver",
"##s",
"to",
"cut",
"and",
"polish",
"other",
"gems",
",",
"owing",
"to",
"its",
"great",
"hardness",
".",
"he",
"states",
"that",
"rock",
"crystal",
"is",
"valuable",
"for",
"its",
"transparency",
"and",
"hardness",
",",
"and",
"can",
"be",
"carved",
"into",
"vessels",
"and",
"implements",
".",
"he",
"relates",
"the",
"story",
"of",
"a",
"woman",
"who",
"owned",
"a",
"lad",
"##le",
"made",
"of",
"the",
"mineral",
",",
"paying",
"the",
"sum",
"of",
"150",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"se",
"##ster",
"##ces",
"for",
"the",
"item",
".",
"nero",
"deliberately",
"broke",
"two",
"crystal",
"cups",
"when",
"he",
"realised",
"that",
"he",
"was",
"about",
"to",
"be",
"deposed",
",",
"so",
"denying",
"their",
"use",
"to",
"anyone",
"else",
".",
"pl",
"##iny"
] | 302,308 |
. pliny moves into crystallography and mineralogy, describing the octahedral shape of the diamond and recording that diamond dust is used by gem engravers to cut and polish other gems, owing to its great hardness. he states that rock crystal is valuable for its transparency and hardness, and can be carved into vessels and implements. he relates the story of a woman who owned a ladle made of the mineral, paying the sum of 150 @, @ 000 sesterces for the item. nero deliberately broke two crystal cups when he realised that he was about to be deposed, so denying their use to anyone else. pliny
| 99 |
[
"##ton",
"and",
"bing",
"##ara",
"fields",
"located",
"in",
"the",
"new",
"england",
"area",
"in",
"new",
"south",
"wales",
",",
"australia",
".",
"these",
"diamonds",
"are",
"generally",
"small",
",",
"perfect",
"to",
"semi",
"##per",
"##fect",
"oct",
"##ah",
"##ed",
"##ra",
",",
"and",
"are",
"used",
"to",
"polish",
"other",
"diamonds",
".",
"their",
"hardness",
"is",
"associated",
"with",
"the",
"crystal",
"growth",
"form",
",",
"which",
"is",
"single",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"stage",
"crystal",
"growth",
".",
"most",
"other",
"diamonds",
"show",
"more",
"evidence",
"of",
"multiple",
"growth",
"stages",
",",
"which",
"produce",
"inclusion",
"##s",
",",
"flaws",
",",
"and",
"defect",
"planes",
"in",
"the",
"crystal",
"lattice",
",",
"all",
"of",
"which",
"affect",
"their",
"hardness",
".",
"it",
"is",
"possible",
"to",
"treat",
"regular",
"diamonds",
"under",
"a",
"combination",
"of",
"high",
"pressure",
"and",
"high",
"temperature",
"to",
"produce",
"diamonds",
"that",
"are",
"harder",
"than",
"the",
"diamonds",
"used",
"in",
"hardness",
"gauge",
"##s",
".",
"somewhat",
"related"
] | 436,606 |
##ton and bingara fields located in the new england area in new south wales, australia. these diamonds are generally small, perfect to semiperfect octahedra, and are used to polish other diamonds. their hardness is associated with the crystal growth form, which is single @ - @ stage crystal growth. most other diamonds show more evidence of multiple growth stages, which produce inclusions, flaws, and defect planes in the crystal lattice, all of which affect their hardness. it is possible to treat regular diamonds under a combination of high pressure and high temperature to produce diamonds that are harder than the diamonds used in hardness gauges. somewhat related
| 99 |
[
"by",
"technicians",
".",
"after",
"polish",
"##ing",
",",
"the",
"diamond",
"is",
"re",
"##ex",
"##amine",
"##d",
"for",
"possible",
"flaws",
",",
"either",
"remaining",
"or",
"induced",
"by",
"the",
"process",
".",
"those",
"flaws",
"are",
"concealed",
"through",
"various",
"diamond",
"enhancement",
"techniques",
",",
"such",
"as",
"rep",
"##olis",
"##hing",
",",
"crack",
"filling",
",",
"or",
"clever",
"arrangement",
"of",
"the",
"stone",
"in",
"the",
"jewelry",
".",
"remaining",
"non",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"diamond",
"inclusion",
"##s",
"are",
"removed",
"through",
"laser",
"drilling",
"and",
"filling",
"of",
"the",
"void",
"##s",
"produced",
".",
"marketing",
"has",
"significantly",
"affected",
"the",
"image",
"of",
"diamond",
"as",
"a",
"valuable",
"commodity",
".",
"n",
".",
"w",
".",
"aye",
"##r",
"&",
"son",
",",
"the",
"advertising",
"firm",
"retained",
"by",
"de",
"beers",
"in",
"the",
"mid",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"20th",
"century",
",",
"succeeded",
"in",
"rev",
"##iving",
"the",
"american",
"diamond",
"market",
".",
"and",
"the",
"firm",
"created",
"new"
] | 436,633 |
by technicians. after polishing, the diamond is reexamined for possible flaws, either remaining or induced by the process. those flaws are concealed through various diamond enhancement techniques, such as repolishing, crack filling, or clever arrangement of the stone in the jewelry. remaining non @ - @ diamond inclusions are removed through laser drilling and filling of the voids produced. marketing has significantly affected the image of diamond as a valuable commodity. n. w. ayer & son, the advertising firm retained by de beers in the mid @ - @ 20th century, succeeded in reviving the american diamond market. and the firm created new
| 99 |
[
"non",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"diamond",
"material",
"that",
"is",
"used",
"to",
"simulate",
"the",
"appearance",
"of",
"a",
"diamond",
",",
"and",
"may",
"be",
"referred",
"to",
"as",
"dia",
"##man",
"##te",
".",
"cubic",
"z",
"##ir",
"##con",
"##ia",
"is",
"the",
"most",
"common",
".",
"the",
"gems",
"##tone",
"moi",
"##ssa",
"##ni",
"##te",
"(",
"silicon",
"car",
"##bid",
"##e",
")",
"can",
"be",
"treated",
"as",
"a",
"diamond",
"sim",
"##ula",
"##nt",
",",
"though",
"more",
"costly",
"to",
"produce",
"than",
"cubic",
"z",
"##ir",
"##con",
"##ia",
".",
"both",
"are",
"produced",
"synthetic",
"##ally",
".",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"enhancement",
"##s",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"diamond",
"enhancement",
"##s",
"are",
"specific",
"treatments",
"performed",
"on",
"natural",
"or",
"synthetic",
"diamonds",
"(",
"usually",
"those",
"already",
"cut",
"and",
"polished",
"into",
"a",
"gem",
")",
",",
"which",
"are",
"designed",
"to",
"better",
"the",
"gem",
"##ological",
"characteristics",
"of",
"the",
"stone",
"in",
"one",
"or",
"more",
"ways",
"."
] | 436,653 |
non @ - @ diamond material that is used to simulate the appearance of a diamond, and may be referred to as diamante. cubic zirconia is the most common. the gemstone moissanite ( silicon carbide ) can be treated as a diamond simulant, though more costly to produce than cubic zirconia. both are produced synthetically. = = = enhancements = = = diamond enhancements are specific treatments performed on natural or synthetic diamonds ( usually those already cut and polished into a gem ), which are designed to better the gemological characteristics of the stone in one or more ways.
| 99 |
[
"of",
"the",
"gem",
"##ological",
"characteristics",
"of",
"diamonds",
",",
"such",
"as",
"the",
"4",
"cs",
",",
"irrelevant",
"for",
"most",
"applications",
".",
"80",
"%",
"of",
"mined",
"diamonds",
"(",
"equal",
"to",
"about",
"135",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"cara",
"##ts",
"(",
"27",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"kg",
")",
"annually",
")",
",",
"are",
"unsuitable",
"for",
"use",
"as",
"gems",
"##tones",
",",
"and",
"used",
"industrial",
"##ly",
".",
"in",
"addition",
"to",
"mined",
"diamonds",
",",
"synthetic",
"diamonds",
"found",
"industrial",
"applications",
"almost",
"immediately",
"after",
"their",
"invention",
"in",
"the",
"1950s",
";",
"another",
"570",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"cara",
"##ts",
"(",
"114",
"@",
",",
"@",
"000",
"kg",
")",
"of",
"synthetic",
"diamond",
"is",
"produced",
"annually",
"for",
"industrial",
"use",
"(",
"in",
"2004",
";",
"in",
"2014",
"it",
"'",
"s",
"4",
"@",
",",
"@",
"500",
"@",
","
] | 436,637 |
of the gemological characteristics of diamonds, such as the 4 cs, irrelevant for most applications. 80 % of mined diamonds ( equal to about 135 @, @ 000 @, @ 000 carats ( 27 @, @ 000 kg ) annually ), are unsuitable for use as gemstones, and used industrially. in addition to mined diamonds, synthetic diamonds found industrial applications almost immediately after their invention in the 1950s ; another 570 @, @ 000 @, @ 000 carats ( 114 @, @ 000 kg ) of synthetic diamond is produced annually for industrial use ( in 2004 ; in 2014 it's 4 @, @ 500 @,
| 99 |
[
"film",
"blood",
"diamond",
",",
"he",
"starred",
"as",
"a",
"diamond",
"smug",
"##gler",
"from",
"rhodesia",
"who",
"is",
"involved",
"in",
"the",
"sierra",
"leone",
"civil",
"war",
".",
"the",
"film",
"itself",
"received",
"generally",
"favorable",
"reviews",
",",
"and",
"di",
"##cap",
"##rio",
"was",
"praised",
"for",
"the",
"authenticity",
"of",
"his",
"south",
"african",
"af",
"##rika",
"##ner",
"accent",
",",
"known",
"as",
"a",
"difficult",
"accent",
"to",
"im",
"##itate",
".",
"in",
"sc",
"##ors",
"##ese",
"'",
"s",
"the",
"departed",
"he",
"played",
"the",
"role",
"of",
"billy",
"cost",
"##igan",
",",
"a",
"state",
"trooper",
"working",
"undercover",
"in",
"an",
"irish",
"mob",
"in",
"boston",
".",
"highly",
"anticipated",
",",
"the",
"film",
"was",
"released",
"to",
"overwhelmingly",
"positive",
"reviews",
"and",
"became",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"highest",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"rated",
"wide",
"release",
"films",
"of",
"2006",
".",
"budget",
"##ed",
"at",
"us",
"$",
"90",
"million",
",",
"it",
"also",
"emerged",
"as",
"di",
"##cap"
] | 299,436 |
film blood diamond, he starred as a diamond smuggler from rhodesia who is involved in the sierra leone civil war. the film itself received generally favorable reviews, and dicaprio was praised for the authenticity of his south african afrikaner accent, known as a difficult accent to imitate. in scorsese's the departed he played the role of billy costigan, a state trooper working undercover in an irish mob in boston. highly anticipated, the film was released to overwhelmingly positive reviews and became one of the highest @ - @ rated wide release films of 2006. budgeted at us $ 90 million, it also emerged as dicap
| 99 |
[
"bought",
"out",
"the",
"company",
"of",
"his",
"last",
"competitor",
",",
"the",
"circus",
"show",
"##man",
"turned",
"diamond",
"millionaire",
"barney",
"barn",
"##ato",
",",
"to",
"form",
"de",
"beers",
"consolidated",
"mines",
",",
"a",
"sprawling",
"national",
"monopoly",
"that",
"controlled",
"90",
"%",
"of",
"world",
"diamond",
"production",
".",
"barn",
"##ato",
"wanted",
"to",
"limit",
"de",
"beers",
"to",
"mining",
"diamonds",
",",
"but",
"rhodes",
"insisted",
"that",
"he",
"was",
"going",
"to",
"use",
"the",
"company",
"to",
"\"",
"win",
"the",
"north",
"\"",
":",
"to",
"this",
"end",
",",
"he",
"ensured",
"that",
"the",
"de",
"beers",
"trust",
"deed",
"enabled",
"activities",
"far",
"removed",
"from",
"mining",
",",
"including",
"banking",
"and",
"railway",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"building",
",",
"the",
"ability",
"to",
"annex",
"and",
"govern",
"land",
",",
"and",
"the",
"raising",
"of",
"armed",
"forces",
".",
"all",
"this",
"gave",
"the",
"immensely",
"wealthy",
"company",
"powers",
"not",
"unlike",
"those",
"of",
"the",
"east",
"india",
"company"
] | 64,525 |
bought out the company of his last competitor, the circus showman turned diamond millionaire barney barnato, to form de beers consolidated mines, a sprawling national monopoly that controlled 90 % of world diamond production. barnato wanted to limit de beers to mining diamonds, but rhodes insisted that he was going to use the company to " win the north " : to this end, he ensured that the de beers trust deed enabled activities far removed from mining, including banking and railway @ - @ building, the ability to annex and govern land, and the raising of armed forces. all this gave the immensely wealthy company powers not unlike those of the east india company
| 99 |
[
"separation",
"was",
"done",
"with",
"grease",
"belts",
";",
"diamonds",
"have",
"a",
"stronger",
"tendency",
"to",
"stick",
"to",
"grease",
"than",
"the",
"other",
"minerals",
"in",
"the",
"ore",
".",
"historically",
",",
"diamonds",
"were",
"found",
"only",
"in",
"all",
"##u",
"##vial",
"deposits",
"in",
"gun",
"##tur",
"and",
"krishna",
"district",
"of",
"the",
"krishna",
"river",
"delta",
"in",
"southern",
"india",
".",
"india",
"led",
"the",
"world",
"in",
"diamond",
"production",
"from",
"the",
"time",
"of",
"their",
"discovery",
"in",
"approximately",
"the",
"9th",
"century",
"bc",
"to",
"the",
"mid",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"18th",
"century",
"ad",
",",
"but",
"the",
"commercial",
"potential",
"of",
"these",
"sources",
"had",
"been",
"exhausted",
"by",
"the",
"late",
"18th",
"century",
"and",
"at",
"that",
"time",
"india",
"was",
"eclipse",
"##d",
"by",
"brazil",
"where",
"the",
"first",
"non",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"indian",
"diamonds",
"were",
"found",
"in",
"1725",
".",
"currently",
",",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"most",
"prominent",
"indian",
"mines",
"is"
] | 436,643 |
separation was done with grease belts ; diamonds have a stronger tendency to stick to grease than the other minerals in the ore. historically, diamonds were found only in alluvial deposits in guntur and krishna district of the krishna river delta in southern india. india led the world in diamond production from the time of their discovery in approximately the 9th century bc to the mid @ - @ 18th century ad, but the commercial potential of these sources had been exhausted by the late 18th century and at that time india was eclipsed by brazil where the first non @ - @ indian diamonds were found in 1725. currently, one of the most prominent indian mines is
| 99 |
[
"in",
"1949",
",",
"as",
"##ea",
"employed",
"a",
"team",
"of",
"five",
"scientists",
"and",
"engineers",
"as",
"part",
"of",
"a",
"top",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"secret",
"diamond",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"making",
"project",
"code",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"named",
"qui",
"##nt",
"##us",
".",
"the",
"team",
"used",
"a",
"bulky",
"split",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"sphere",
"apparatus",
"designed",
"by",
"bal",
"##tz",
"##ar",
"von",
"plate",
"##n",
"and",
"anders",
"kam",
"##pe",
".",
"pressure",
"was",
"maintained",
"within",
"the",
"device",
"at",
"an",
"estimated",
"8",
"@",
".",
"@",
"4",
"gp",
"##a",
"for",
"an",
"hour",
".",
"a",
"few",
"small",
"diamonds",
"were",
"produced",
",",
"but",
"not",
"of",
"gem",
"quality",
"or",
"size",
".",
"the",
"work",
"was",
"not",
"reported",
"until",
"the",
"1980s",
".",
"during",
"the",
"1980s",
",",
"a",
"new",
"competitor",
"emerged",
"in",
"korea",
",",
"a",
"company",
"named",
"il",
"##jin",
"diamond",
";",
"it",
"was",
"followed",
"by",
"hundreds"
] | 242,014 |
in 1949, asea employed a team of five scientists and engineers as part of a top @ - @ secret diamond @ - @ making project code @ - @ named quintus. the team used a bulky split @ - @ sphere apparatus designed by baltzar von platen and anders kampe. pressure was maintained within the device at an estimated 8 @. @ 4 gpa for an hour. a few small diamonds were produced, but not of gem quality or size. the work was not reported until the 1980s. during the 1980s, a new competitor emerged in korea, a company named iljin diamond ; it was followed by hundreds
| 99 |
[
"cutting",
"and",
"polish",
"##ing",
"of",
"rough",
"diamonds",
"is",
"a",
"specialized",
"skill",
"that",
"is",
"concentrated",
"in",
"a",
"limited",
"number",
"of",
"locations",
"worldwide",
".",
"traditional",
"diamond",
"cutting",
"centers",
"are",
"antwerp",
",",
"amsterdam",
",",
"johannesburg",
",",
"new",
"york",
"city",
",",
"and",
"tel",
"aviv",
".",
"recently",
",",
"diamond",
"cutting",
"centers",
"have",
"been",
"established",
"in",
"china",
",",
"india",
",",
"thailand",
",",
"namibia",
"and",
"botswana",
".",
"cutting",
"centers",
"with",
"lower",
"cost",
"of",
"labor",
",",
"notably",
"sur",
"##at",
"in",
"gujarat",
",",
"india",
",",
"handle",
"a",
"larger",
"number",
"of",
"smaller",
"cara",
"##t",
"diamonds",
",",
"while",
"smaller",
"quantities",
"of",
"larger",
"or",
"more",
"valuable",
"diamonds",
"are",
"more",
"likely",
"to",
"be",
"handled",
"in",
"europe",
"or",
"north",
"america",
".",
"the",
"recent",
"expansion",
"of",
"this",
"industry",
"in",
"india",
",",
"employing",
"low",
"cost",
"labor",
",",
"has",
"allowed",
"smaller",
"diamonds",
"to",
"be",
"prepared"
] | 436,627 |
cutting and polishing of rough diamonds is a specialized skill that is concentrated in a limited number of locations worldwide. traditional diamond cutting centers are antwerp, amsterdam, johannesburg, new york city, and tel aviv. recently, diamond cutting centers have been established in china, india, thailand, namibia and botswana. cutting centers with lower cost of labor, notably surat in gujarat, india, handle a larger number of smaller carat diamonds, while smaller quantities of larger or more valuable diamonds are more likely to be handled in europe or north america. the recent expansion of this industry in india, employing low cost labor, has allowed smaller diamonds to be prepared
| 99 |
[
"to",
"australia",
"in",
"october",
"2011",
"–",
"her",
"sixteenth",
"visit",
"since",
"1954",
"–",
"was",
"called",
"her",
"\"",
"farewell",
"tour",
"\"",
"in",
"the",
"press",
"because",
"of",
"her",
"age",
".",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"diamond",
"jubilee",
"and",
"beyond",
"=",
"=",
"=",
"her",
"diamond",
"jubilee",
"in",
"2012",
"marked",
"60",
"years",
"on",
"the",
"throne",
",",
"and",
"celebrations",
"were",
"held",
"throughout",
"her",
"realms",
",",
"the",
"wider",
"commonwealth",
",",
"and",
"beyond",
".",
"in",
"a",
"message",
"released",
"on",
"accession",
"day",
",",
"elizabeth",
"wrote",
":",
"in",
"this",
"special",
"year",
",",
"as",
"i",
"de",
"##dicate",
"myself",
"an",
"##ew",
"to",
"your",
"service",
",",
"i",
"hope",
"we",
"will",
"all",
"be",
"reminded",
"of",
"the",
"power",
"of",
"together",
"##ness",
"and",
"the",
"con",
"##ven",
"##ing",
"strength",
"of",
"family",
",",
"friendship",
"and",
"good",
"neighbour",
"##liness",
".",
".",
".",
"i",
"hope",
"also",
"that",
"this",
"jubilee",
"year"
] | 497,592 |
to australia in october 2011 – her sixteenth visit since 1954 – was called her " farewell tour " in the press because of her age. = = = diamond jubilee and beyond = = = her diamond jubilee in 2012 marked 60 years on the throne, and celebrations were held throughout her realms, the wider commonwealth, and beyond. in a message released on accession day, elizabeth wrote : in this special year, as i dedicate myself anew to your service, i hope we will all be reminded of the power of togetherness and the convening strength of family, friendship and good neighbourliness... i hope also that this jubilee year
| 99 |
[
"peter",
"franks",
":",
"diamond",
"smug",
"##gler",
"whose",
"identity",
"is",
"taken",
"by",
"bond",
".",
"marc",
"lawrence",
"as",
"rodney",
",",
"sl",
"##umber",
"inc",
".",
"attendant",
"sid",
"hai",
"##g",
"as",
"sl",
"##umber",
"inc",
".",
"attendant",
"leonard",
"barr",
"as",
"shady",
"tree",
":",
"a",
"stand",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"up",
"comedian",
"and",
"smug",
"##gler",
".",
"laurence",
"na",
"##ism",
"##ith",
"as",
"sir",
"donald",
"mu",
"##nger",
":",
"diamond",
"expert",
"who",
"brings",
"the",
"case",
"to",
"mi",
"##6",
".",
"david",
"bauer",
"as",
"morton",
"sl",
"##umber",
":",
"president",
"of",
"sl",
"##umber",
"incorporated",
",",
"a",
"funeral",
"home",
".",
"ed",
"bishop",
"as",
"klaus",
"her",
"##gers",
"##che",
"##ime",
"##r",
":",
"health",
"physicist",
"for",
"w",
"##w",
"tech",
"##tron",
"##ics",
".",
"(",
"uncredited",
")",
"david",
"de",
"keys",
"##er",
"as",
"doctor",
"lola",
"larson",
"and",
"tri",
"##na",
"parks",
"as",
"bam",
"##bi",
"and",
"thump",
"##er",
"(",
"uncredited"
] | 421,373 |
peter franks : diamond smuggler whose identity is taken by bond. marc lawrence as rodney, slumber inc. attendant sid haig as slumber inc. attendant leonard barr as shady tree : a stand @ - @ up comedian and smuggler. laurence naismith as sir donald munger : diamond expert who brings the case to mi6. david bauer as morton slumber : president of slumber incorporated, a funeral home. ed bishop as klaus hergerscheimer : health physicist for ww techtronics. ( uncredited ) david de keyser as doctor lola larson and trina parks as bambi and thumper ( uncredited
| 99 |
[
"guide",
"in",
"that",
"region",
".",
"if",
"there",
"are",
"competing",
"offers",
"for",
"the",
"same",
"guide",
"in",
"a",
"particular",
"region",
",",
"the",
"highest",
"offer",
"receives",
"all",
"of",
"that",
"region",
"'",
"s",
"diamonds",
"in",
"an",
"all",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"pay",
"auction",
".",
"competing",
"agents",
"can",
"be",
"bribe",
"##d",
"to",
"reveal",
"inside",
"information",
"regarding",
"the",
"competitor",
"'",
"s",
"decisions",
".",
"com",
"##pl",
"##ica",
"##ting",
"matters",
"further",
"is",
"the",
"un",
"inspector",
",",
"who",
"moves",
"at",
"random",
"between",
"regions",
"on",
"each",
"turn",
".",
"the",
"inspector",
"blocks",
"all",
"diamond",
"extraction",
"from",
"the",
"region",
"in",
"which",
"he",
"is",
"present",
",",
"and",
"can",
"con",
"##fi",
"##sca",
"##te",
"diamonds",
"from",
"agents",
"within",
"that",
"region",
".",
"like",
"other",
"agents",
"though",
",",
"the",
"inspector",
"can",
"be",
"bribe",
"##d",
"and",
"directed",
"to",
"regions",
"of",
"a",
"player",
"'",
"s",
"choice",
".",
"in"
] | 607,202 |
guide in that region. if there are competing offers for the same guide in a particular region, the highest offer receives all of that region's diamonds in an all @ - @ pay auction. competing agents can be bribed to reveal inside information regarding the competitor's decisions. complicating matters further is the un inspector, who moves at random between regions on each turn. the inspector blocks all diamond extraction from the region in which he is present, and can confiscate diamonds from agents within that region. like other agents though, the inspector can be bribed and directed to regions of a player's choice. in
| 99 |
[
"government",
"at",
"the",
"centre",
"which",
"they",
"desired",
".",
"however",
",",
"the",
"congress",
"insisted",
"that",
"if",
"pakistan",
"were",
"to",
"become",
"independent",
",",
"bengal",
"and",
"punjab",
"would",
"have",
"to",
"be",
"divided",
".",
"mount",
"##bat",
"##ten",
"had",
"been",
"warned",
"in",
"his",
"briefing",
"papers",
"that",
"jin",
"##nah",
"would",
"be",
"his",
"\"",
"tough",
"##est",
"customer",
"\"",
"who",
"had",
"proved",
"a",
"chronic",
"nu",
"##isance",
"because",
"\"",
"no",
"one",
"in",
"this",
"country",
"[",
"india",
"]",
"had",
"so",
"far",
"gotten",
"into",
"jin",
"##nah",
"'",
"s",
"mind",
"\"",
".",
"the",
"men",
"met",
"over",
"six",
"days",
"beginning",
"on",
"5",
"april",
".",
"the",
"sessions",
"began",
"lightly",
"when",
"jin",
"##nah",
",",
"photographed",
"between",
"louis",
"and",
"edwin",
"##a",
"mount",
"##bat",
"##ten",
",",
"qui",
"##pped",
"\"",
"a",
"rose",
"between",
"two",
"thorns",
"\"",
"which",
"the",
"viceroy",
"took",
",",
"perhaps",
"gr",
"##at",
"##uit",
"##ously"
] | 807,948 |
government at the centre which they desired. however, the congress insisted that if pakistan were to become independent, bengal and punjab would have to be divided. mountbatten had been warned in his briefing papers that jinnah would be his " toughest customer " who had proved a chronic nuisance because " no one in this country [ india ] had so far gotten into jinnah's mind ". the men met over six days beginning on 5 april. the sessions began lightly when jinnah, photographed between louis and edwina mountbatten, quipped " a rose between two thorns " which the viceroy took, perhaps gratuitously
| 167 |
[
"to",
"recommend",
"to",
"the",
"british",
"king",
",",
"george",
"vi",
",",
"that",
"jin",
"##nah",
"be",
"appointed",
"pakistan",
"'",
"s",
"first",
"governor",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"general",
".",
"this",
"request",
"angered",
"mount",
"##bat",
"##ten",
",",
"who",
"had",
"hoped",
"to",
"have",
"that",
"position",
"in",
"both",
"dominion",
"##s",
"—",
"he",
"would",
"be",
"india",
"'",
"s",
"first",
"post",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"independence",
"governor",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"general",
"—",
"but",
"jin",
"##nah",
"felt",
"that",
"mount",
"##bat",
"##ten",
"would",
"be",
"likely",
"to",
"favour",
"the",
"new",
"hindu",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"majority",
"state",
"because",
"of",
"his",
"closeness",
"to",
"nehru",
".",
"in",
"addition",
",",
"the",
"governor",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"general",
"would",
"initially",
"be",
"a",
"powerful",
"figure",
",",
"and",
"jin",
"##nah",
"did",
"not",
"trust",
"anyone",
"else",
"to",
"take",
"that",
"office",
".",
"although",
"the",
"boundary",
"commission",
",",
"led",
"by",
"british",
"lawyer"
] | 807,953 |
to recommend to the british king, george vi, that jinnah be appointed pakistan's first governor @ - @ general. this request angered mountbatten, who had hoped to have that position in both dominions — he would be india's first post @ - @ independence governor @ - @ general — but jinnah felt that mountbatten would be likely to favour the new hindu @ - @ majority state because of his closeness to nehru. in addition, the governor @ - @ general would initially be a powerful figure, and jinnah did not trust anyone else to take that office. although the boundary commission, led by british lawyer
| 167 |
[
"=",
"=",
"world",
"wrestling",
"federation",
"/",
"entertainment",
"wwe",
"hardcore",
"championship",
"(",
"1",
"time",
")",
"slam",
"##my",
"award",
"(",
"1",
"time",
")",
"best",
"couple",
"(",
"1997",
")",
"–",
"with",
"gold",
"##ust",
"=",
"muhammad",
"ali",
"jin",
"##nah",
"=",
"muhammad",
"ali",
"jin",
"##nah",
"(",
"urdu",
":",
"م",
"##ح",
"##م",
"##د",
"ع",
"##ل",
"##ی",
"ج",
"##ن",
"##ا",
"##ح",
"ala",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"lc",
":",
"muhammad",
"ʿ",
"##ali",
"jin",
"##ah",
",",
"born",
"ma",
"##hom",
"##eda",
"##li",
"jin",
"##nah",
"##bha",
"##i",
";",
"25",
"december",
"1876",
"–",
"11",
"september",
"1948",
")",
"was",
"a",
"lawyer",
",",
"politician",
",",
"and",
"the",
"founder",
"of",
"pakistan",
".",
"jin",
"##nah",
"served",
"as",
"leader",
"of",
"the",
"all",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"india",
"muslim",
"league",
"from",
"1913",
"until",
"pakistan",
"'",
"s",
"creation",
"on",
"14",
"august",
"1947",
",",
"and",
"then",
"as",
"pakistan",
"'",
"s"
] | 807,872 |
= = world wrestling federation / entertainment wwe hardcore championship ( 1 time ) slammy award ( 1 time ) best couple ( 1997 ) – with goldust = muhammad ali jinnah = muhammad ali jinnah ( urdu : محمد علی جناح ala @ - @ lc : muhammad ʿali jinah, born mahomedali jinnahbhai ; 25 december 1876 – 11 september 1948 ) was a lawyer, politician, and the founder of pakistan. jinnah served as leader of the all @ - @ india muslim league from 1913 until pakistan's creation on 14 august 1947, and then as pakistan's
| 167 |
[
"return",
"to",
"india",
"and",
"take",
"up",
"again",
"his",
"leadership",
"of",
"the",
"muslim",
"league",
",",
"an",
"organisation",
"which",
"had",
"fallen",
"into",
"ina",
"##ct",
"##ivity",
".",
"he",
"remained",
"titular",
"president",
"of",
"the",
"league",
",",
"but",
"declined",
"to",
"travel",
"to",
"india",
"to",
"pre",
"##side",
"over",
"its",
"1933",
"session",
"in",
"april",
",",
"writing",
"that",
"he",
"could",
"not",
"possibly",
"return",
"there",
"until",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"year",
".",
"among",
"those",
"who",
"met",
"with",
"jin",
"##nah",
"to",
"seek",
"his",
"return",
"was",
"lia",
"##qua",
"##t",
"ali",
"khan",
",",
"who",
"would",
"be",
"a",
"major",
"political",
"associate",
"of",
"jin",
"##nah",
"in",
"the",
"years",
"to",
"come",
"and",
"the",
"first",
"prime",
"minister",
"of",
"pakistan",
".",
"at",
"jin",
"##nah",
"'",
"s",
"request",
",",
"lia",
"##qua",
"##t",
"discussed",
"the",
"return",
"with",
"a",
"large",
"number",
"of",
"muslim",
"politicians",
"and",
"confirmed",
"his",
"recommendation"
] | 807,917 |
return to india and take up again his leadership of the muslim league, an organisation which had fallen into inactivity. he remained titular president of the league, but declined to travel to india to preside over its 1933 session in april, writing that he could not possibly return there until the end of the year. among those who met with jinnah to seek his return was liaquat ali khan, who would be a major political associate of jinnah in the years to come and the first prime minister of pakistan. at jinnah's request, liaquat discussed the return with a large number of muslim politicians and confirmed his recommendation
| 167 |
[
",",
"in",
"a",
"rented",
"apartment",
"on",
"the",
"second",
"floor",
"of",
"wa",
"##zi",
"##r",
"mansion",
",",
"karachi",
"now",
"in",
"sin",
"##d",
",",
"pakistan",
",",
"but",
"then",
"within",
"the",
"bombay",
"presidency",
"of",
"british",
"india",
".",
"jin",
"##nah",
"'",
"s",
"family",
"was",
"from",
"a",
"gujarati",
",",
"k",
"##ho",
"##ja",
"(",
"shia",
")",
"ismail",
"##i",
"background",
",",
"though",
"jin",
"##nah",
"later",
"followed",
"the",
"twelve",
"##r",
"shi",
"'",
"a",
"teachings",
".",
"jin",
"##nah",
"was",
"from",
"a",
"middle",
"@",
"-",
"@",
"income",
"background",
",",
"his",
"father",
"was",
"a",
"merchant",
"and",
"was",
"born",
"to",
"a",
"family",
"of",
"weaver",
"##s",
"in",
"the",
"village",
"of",
"panel",
"##i",
"in",
"the",
"princely",
"state",
"of",
"go",
"##nda",
"##l",
"(",
"kat",
"##hia",
"##war",
",",
"gujarat",
")",
";",
"his",
"mother",
"was",
"also",
"of",
"that",
"village",
".",
"they",
"had",
"moved",
"to",
"karachi",
"in"
] | 807,877 |
, in a rented apartment on the second floor of wazir mansion, karachi now in sind, pakistan, but then within the bombay presidency of british india. jinnah's family was from a gujarati, khoja ( shia ) ismaili background, though jinnah later followed the twelver shi'a teachings. jinnah was from a middle @ - @ income background, his father was a merchant and was born to a family of weavers in the village of paneli in the princely state of gondal ( kathiawar, gujarat ) ; his mother was also of that village. they had moved to karachi in
| 167 |
[
"could",
"not",
"sit",
"up",
".",
"they",
"waited",
"by",
"the",
"roadside",
"in",
"oppressive",
"heat",
"as",
"trucks",
"and",
"buses",
"passed",
"by",
",",
"unsuitable",
"for",
"transporting",
"the",
"dying",
"man",
"and",
"with",
"their",
"occupants",
"not",
"knowing",
"of",
"jin",
"##nah",
"'",
"s",
"presence",
".",
"after",
"an",
"hour",
",",
"the",
"replacement",
"ambulance",
"came",
",",
"and",
"transported",
"jin",
"##nah",
"to",
"government",
"house",
",",
"arriving",
"there",
"over",
"two",
"hours",
"after",
"the",
"landing",
".",
"jin",
"##nah",
"died",
"at",
"10",
":",
"20",
"pm",
"at",
"his",
"home",
"in",
"karachi",
"on",
"11",
"september",
"1948",
"at",
"the",
"age",
"of",
"71",
",",
"just",
"over",
"a",
"year",
"after",
"pakistan",
"'",
"s",
"creation",
".",
"indian",
"prime",
"minister",
"jaw",
"##aha",
"##r",
"lal",
"nehru",
"stated",
"upon",
"jin",
"##nah",
"'",
"s",
"death",
",",
"\"",
"how",
"shall",
"we",
"judge",
"him",
"?",
"i",
"have",
"been",
"very",
"angry",
"with",
"him"
] | 807,976 |
could not sit up. they waited by the roadside in oppressive heat as trucks and buses passed by, unsuitable for transporting the dying man and with their occupants not knowing of jinnah's presence. after an hour, the replacement ambulance came, and transported jinnah to government house, arriving there over two hours after the landing. jinnah died at 10 : 20 pm at his home in karachi on 11 september 1948 at the age of 71, just over a year after pakistan's creation. indian prime minister jawahar lal nehru stated upon jinnah's death, " how shall we judge him? i have been very angry with him
| 167 |
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