cchoi1022/wikitext-103-v1 · Datasets at Hugging Face

text stringlengths 0 6.86k


= = = football league two play @@ offs = = =


= = transfers = =


= = = in = = =

brackets around club names denote the player 's contract with that club had expired before he joined york

= = = out = = =

brackets around club names denote the player joined that club after his york contract expired

= = = loan in = = =


= = = loan out = = =


= = appearances and goals = =

source
numbers in parentheses denote appearances as substitute
players with names struck through and marked left the club during the playing season
players with names in italics and marked * were on loan from another club for the whole of their season with york
players listed with no appearances have been in the matchday squad but only as unused substitutes
key to positions gk goalkeeper df defender mf midfielder fw forward


= antimony =

antimony is a chemical element with symbol sb ( from latin stibium ) and atomic number 51 a lustrous gray metalloid it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite ( sb2s3 ) antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were used for cosmetics metallic antimony was also known but it was erroneously identified as lead upon its discovery in the west it was first isolated by vannoccio biringuccio and described in 1540 although in primitive cultures its powder has been used to cure eye ailments as also for eye shadow since time immemorial and is often referred to by its arabic name kohl
for some time china has been the largest producer of antimony and its compounds with most production coming from the <unk> mine in hunan the industrial methods to produce antimony are roasting and reduction using carbon or direct reduction of stibnite with iron
the largest applications for metallic antimony are as alloying material for lead and tin and for lead antimony plates in lead acid batteries alloying lead and tin with antimony improves the properties of the alloys which are used in solders bullets and plain bearings antimony compounds are prominent additives for chlorine and bromine @@ containing fire retardants found in many commercial and domestic products an emerging application is the use of antimony in microelectronics

= = characteristics = =


= = = properties = = =

antimony is in the nitrogen group ( group 15 ) and has an electronegativity of 2 @@ 05 as expected from periodic trends it is more electronegative than tin or bismuth and less electronegative than tellurium or arsenic antimony is stable in air at room temperature but reacts with oxygen if heated to form antimony trioxide sb2o3
antimony is a silvery lustrous gray metalloid that has a mohs scale hardness of 3 thus pure antimony is too soft to make hard objects coins made of antimony were issued in china 's guizhou province in 1931 but because of their rapid wear their minting was discontinued antimony is resistant to attack by acids
four allotropes of antimony are known a stable metallic form and three metastable forms ( explosive black and yellow ) elemental antimony is a brittle silver @@ white shiny metalloid when slowly cooled molten antimony crystallizes in a trigonal cell isomorphic with the gray allotrope of arsenic a rare explosive form of antimony can be formed from the electrolysis of antimony trichloride when scratched with a sharp implement an exothermic reaction occurs and white fumes are given off as metallic antimony is formed when rubbed with a pestle in a mortar a strong detonation occurs black antimony is formed upon rapid cooling of vapor derived from metallic antimony it has the same crystal structure as red phosphorus and black arsenic it oxidizes in air and may ignite spontaneously at 100 ° c it gradually transforms into the stable form the yellow allotrope of antimony is the most unstable it has only been generated by oxidation of stibine ( sbh3 ) at − 90 ° c above this temperature and in ambient light this metastable allotrope transforms into the more stable black allotrope
elemental antimony adopts a layered structure ( space group <unk> no 166 ) in which layers consist of fused ruffled six @@ membered rings the nearest and next @@ nearest neighbors form an irregular octahedral complex with the three atoms in the same double layer being slightly closer than the three atoms in the next this relatively close packing leads to a high density of 6 @@ 697 g / cm3 but the weak bonding between the layers leads to the low hardness and brittleness of antimony

= = = isotopes = = =

antimony has two stable isotopes <unk> with a natural abundance of 57 @@ 36 and <unk> with a natural abundance of 42 @@ 64 it also has 35 radioisotopes of which the longest @@ lived is <unk> with a half @@ life of 2 @@ 75 years in addition 29 metastable states have been characterized the most stable of these is <unk> with a half @@ life of 5 @@ 76 days isotopes that are lighter than the stable <unk> tend to decay by β + decay and those that are heavier tend to decay by β − decay with some exceptions

= = = occurrence = = =

the abundance of antimony in the earth 's crust is estimated at 0 @@ 2 to 0 @@ 5 parts per million comparable to thallium at 0 @@ 5 parts per million and silver at 0 @@ 07 ppm even though this element is not abundant it is found in over 100 mineral species antimony is sometimes found natively ( eg on antimony peak ) but more frequently it is found in the sulfide stibnite ( sb2s3 ) which is the predominant ore mineral

= = compounds = =

antimony compounds are often classified according to their oxidation state sb ( iii ) and sb ( v ) the + 5 oxidation state is more stable

= = = oxides and hydroxides = = =

antimony trioxide ( sb
4o
6 ) is formed when antimony is burnt in air in the gas phase this compound exists as sb
4o
6 but it polymerizes upon condensing antimony pentoxide ( sb
4o
10 ) can only be formed by oxidation by concentrated nitric acid antimony also forms a mixed @@ valence oxide antimony tetroxide ( sb
2o
4 ) which features both sb ( iii ) and sb ( v ) unlike oxides of phosphorus and arsenic these various oxides are amphoteric do not form well @@ defined <unk> and react with acids to form antimony salts
<unk> acid sb ( oh )
3 is unknown but the conjugate base sodium <unk> ( [ na
<unk>
3 ]
4 ) forms upon fusing sodium oxide and sb
4o
6 transition metal <unk> are also known <unk> acid exists only as the hydrate <unk> ( oh )
6 forming salts containing the <unk> anion sb ( oh ) −
6 <unk> metal salts containing this anion yields mixed oxides
many antimony ores are sulfides including stibnite ( sb
2s
3 ) <unk> ( ag
<unk>
3 ) <unk> <unk> and <unk> antimony <unk> is non @@ stoichiometric and features antimony in the + 3 oxidation state and s @@ s bonds several <unk> are known such as [ sb
6s
10 ] 2 − and [ sb
8s
13 ] 2 −

= = = halides = = =

antimony forms two series of halides <unk>
3 and <unk>
5 the trihalides sbf
3 sbcl
3 <unk>
3 and <unk>
3 are all molecular compounds having trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry
the trifluoride sbf

= = = football league two play @@ offs = = =

= = transfers = =

= = = in = = =

brackets around club names denote the player 's contract with that club had expired before he joined york

= = = out = = =

brackets around club names denote the player joined that club after his york contract expired

= = = loan in = = =

= = = loan out = = =

= = appearances and goals = =

source

numbers in parentheses denote appearances as substitute

players with names struck through and marked left the club during the playing season

players with names in italics and marked * were on loan from another club for the whole of their season with york

players listed with no appearances have been in the matchday squad but only as unused substitutes

key to positions gk goalkeeper df defender mf midfielder fw forward

= antimony =

antimony is a chemical element with symbol sb ( from latin stibium ) and atomic number 51 a lustrous gray metalloid it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite ( sb2s3 ) antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were used for cosmetics metallic antimony was also known but it was erroneously identified as lead upon its discovery in the west it was first isolated by vannoccio biringuccio and described in 1540 although in primitive cultures its powder has been used to cure eye ailments as also for eye shadow since time immemorial and is often referred to by its arabic name kohl

for some time china has been the largest producer of antimony and its compounds with most production coming from the <unk> mine in hunan the industrial methods to produce antimony are roasting and reduction using carbon or direct reduction of stibnite with iron

the largest applications for metallic antimony are as alloying material for lead and tin and for lead antimony plates in lead acid batteries alloying lead and tin with antimony improves the properties of the alloys which are used in solders bullets and plain bearings antimony compounds are prominent additives for chlorine and bromine @@ containing fire retardants found in many commercial and domestic products an emerging application is the use of antimony in microelectronics

= = characteristics = =

= = = properties = = =

antimony is in the nitrogen group ( group 15 ) and has an electronegativity of 2 @@ 05 as expected from periodic trends it is more electronegative than tin or bismuth and less electronegative than tellurium or arsenic antimony is stable in air at room temperature but reacts with oxygen if heated to form antimony trioxide sb2o3

antimony is a silvery lustrous gray metalloid that has a mohs scale hardness of 3 thus pure antimony is too soft to make hard objects coins made of antimony were issued in china 's guizhou province in 1931 but because of their rapid wear their minting was discontinued antimony is resistant to attack by acids

four allotropes of antimony are known a stable metallic form and three metastable forms ( explosive black and yellow ) elemental antimony is a brittle silver @@ white shiny metalloid when slowly cooled molten antimony crystallizes in a trigonal cell isomorphic with the gray allotrope of arsenic a rare explosive form of antimony can be formed from the electrolysis of antimony trichloride when scratched with a sharp implement an exothermic reaction occurs and white fumes are given off as metallic antimony is formed when rubbed with a pestle in a mortar a strong detonation occurs black antimony is formed upon rapid cooling of vapor derived from metallic antimony it has the same crystal structure as red phosphorus and black arsenic it oxidizes in air and may ignite spontaneously at 100 ° c it gradually transforms into the stable form the yellow allotrope of antimony is the most unstable it has only been generated by oxidation of stibine ( sbh3 ) at − 90 ° c above this temperature and in ambient light this metastable allotrope transforms into the more stable black allotrope

elemental antimony adopts a layered structure ( space group <unk> no 166 ) in which layers consist of fused ruffled six @@ membered rings the nearest and next @@ nearest neighbors form an irregular octahedral complex with the three atoms in the same double layer being slightly closer than the three atoms in the next this relatively close packing leads to a high density of 6 @@ 697 g / cm3 but the weak bonding between the layers leads to the low hardness and brittleness of antimony

= = = isotopes = = =

antimony has two stable isotopes <unk> with a natural abundance of 57 @@ 36 and <unk> with a natural abundance of 42 @@ 64 it also has 35 radioisotopes of which the longest @@ lived is <unk> with a half @@ life of 2 @@ 75 years in addition 29 metastable states have been characterized the most stable of these is <unk> with a half @@ life of 5 @@ 76 days isotopes that are lighter than the stable <unk> tend to decay by β + decay and those that are heavier tend to decay by β − decay with some exceptions

= = = occurrence = = =

the abundance of antimony in the earth 's crust is estimated at 0 @@ 2 to 0 @@ 5 parts per million comparable to thallium at 0 @@ 5 parts per million and silver at 0 @@ 07 ppm even though this element is not abundant it is found in over 100 mineral species antimony is sometimes found natively ( eg on antimony peak ) but more frequently it is found in the sulfide stibnite ( sb2s3 ) which is the predominant ore mineral

= = compounds = =

antimony compounds are often classified according to their oxidation state sb ( iii ) and sb ( v ) the + 5 oxidation state is more stable

= = = oxides and hydroxides = = =

antimony trioxide ( sb

4o

6 ) is formed when antimony is burnt in air in the gas phase this compound exists as sb

4o

6 but it polymerizes upon condensing antimony pentoxide ( sb

4o

10 ) can only be formed by oxidation by concentrated nitric acid antimony also forms a mixed @@ valence oxide antimony tetroxide ( sb

2o

4 ) which features both sb ( iii ) and sb ( v ) unlike oxides of phosphorus and arsenic these various oxides are amphoteric do not form well @@ defined <unk> and react with acids to form antimony salts

<unk> acid sb ( oh )

3 is unknown but the conjugate base sodium <unk> ( [ na

<unk>

3 ]

4 ) forms upon fusing sodium oxide and sb

4o

6 transition metal <unk> are also known <unk> acid exists only as the hydrate <unk> ( oh )

6 forming salts containing the <unk> anion sb ( oh ) −

6 <unk> metal salts containing this anion yields mixed oxides

many antimony ores are sulfides including stibnite ( sb

2s

3 ) <unk> ( ag

<unk>

3 ) <unk> <unk> and <unk> antimony <unk> is non @@ stoichiometric and features antimony in the + 3 oxidation state and s @@ s bonds several <unk> are known such as [ sb

6s

10 ] 2 − and [ sb

8s

13 ] 2 −

= = = halides = = =

antimony forms two series of halides <unk>

3 and <unk>

5 the trihalides sbf

3 sbcl

3 <unk>

3 and <unk>

3 are all molecular compounds having trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry

the trifluoride sbf