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https://www.wikihow.com/Play-Mandolin	How to Play Mandolin	To play the mandolin, press down on different strings with your fingers as you strum the instrument, which will let you play different notes. If you want to play a G major chord, which is one of the most popular mandolin chords, start by holding down the second fret on both of the A strings, or the second pair of strings. Then, hold down the third fret of the E strings, which are the top pair of strings. Finally, strum all 8 strings to play the chord.	Hold your mandolin in your lap. Straighten your back and square your shoulders while you play. Don't hunch over. Place the mandolin's body on top of your leg and hold the neck of the instrument with your left hand. The back of the mandolin should be pressed against your stomach. You should feel comfortable and your muscles shouldn't feel strained or tense. You can use a shoulder strap to keep the mandolin in place as you play. The neck of the mandolin should be angled slightly upwards. This will make fingering easier. Tune your mandolin to the standard tuning. The notes for each string in standard tuning, from bottom to top, should be E, E, A, A, D, D, and G, G. Turn on your electronic tuner and strum the bottom string. Turn the tuning knob at the top of your mandolin's neck until the bottom string plays an E. Continue to do this with all the strings until your mandolin is in tune. The strings of a mandolin are tuned in pairs. When you play, you'll hold down both strings in each pair. You can use a standard guitar tuner to tune your mandolin. Your tuner should have a needle that shows you what note you're playing or a light that will come on when the strings are in tune. The bottom strings on your mandolin, or the E strings, are called the “top” strings because they play the highest octave. Adjust the strings to a low action. A high action means that the strings are higher off the fretboard and can make pushing down the strings and creating a good sound difficult for newer players. Place a nickel in between the strings and the neck on the twelfth fret. Then, adjust the knobs on the bridge until the distance between the strings and the neck is a nickel's width. The bridge is the part of your mandolin where the strings connect to the instrument's body. You'll have to adjust the action for both the top four and the bottom four strings. Purchase a heavy pick. A heavy pick is thick while a light pick is thin and will bend while you play. Playing with a light pick will make it harder to create clear sounding notes and chords with the mandolin and should be avoided. Light picks are between.45 mm and.7 mm in thickness. Heavy picks are between.85 mm and 1.20 mm in thickness. Strum the mandolin without holding down the strings. Hold your pick in your right hand, between your thumb and index finger. Flick your wrist so that the tip of the pick hits the strings between the bridge and the neck of the mandolin. Strum the first set of strings then move down to the second set of strings. Practice strumming over different strings until you feel confident strumming. Holding the pick too tightly will create a more metallic sound. Press down on the strings and strum. Your thumb should be on the top or back of the mandolin's neck while your four fingers rest over the strings. Press down hard on a fret with the tips of your fingers, then strum with your other hand. Continue to do this until you can get a clear note that doesn't buzz or hum. Your fingertips should be pushing down on both strings in the pair. Aim your fingers so that they press down closer to the edge of the fret. This will produce a clearer sound than if you held down the middle of the fret. Hold down different frets with different fingers. Hold down the second fret on the top string with your pointer finger and strum. Then, lift off the string and hold down the fourth fret with your middle finger. Practice going back and forth between the notes until you feel comfortable. This will help you transition between notes and develop your playing speed with your left hand. Play a G major. A G major is one of the three most popular chords to play on the mandolin. Hold the second fret on both of the A strings with your pointer finger. Then, hold down the third fret of the E strings with your ring finger. Strum all 8 strings to play a G major chord. When strings are not held down they are in the “open” position. Your top four strings should be in the open position. Move your fingers up one string to play a C chord. A C chord is played using the same chord shape as the G major chord. Move your fingers up one string so that your pointer finger is on the second fret of the D strings and your ring finger is on the third fret of the A strings. Strumming this shape while the top and bottom strings are open will create a C chord. Put your fingers on the second fret of the E and G strings for a D chord. Unlike the C and the G chords, the D chord has a completely different shape. Place your pointer finger on the second fret of the G strings and your middle finger on the second fret of the E strings to play a D chord. Practice transitioning between different chords. Once you get the chord shapes down and can create a good sound, practice going back and forth between a C and G chord. These chords are easier to transition to because they have the same shape. Strum four times on the C chord, then transition to the G chord and strum four more times. Then, when you feel comfortable, you can start mixing in the D chord in your progression. For example, you can hold each note for one beat and play C-C-C-C, G-G-G-G, C-C-C-C, D-D-D-D, C-C-C-C, G-G-G-G. Get simple tab music. Search online for mandolin tab music and find simple songs that you can play. Easy songs to learn at first include children's songs and nursery rhymes. Look for music that only uses a couple of different chords and notes. Master these simple songs before moving onto more complex pieces. Some simple mandolin songs include "Cotton-Eyed Joe," "Waltz Across Texas," and "Hush Little Baby." Play along with music. Tabs will show you the fingerings for songs but won't tell you the rhythm or how long you should hold each chord or note. For that reason, it will be easier to learn different songs once you listen to them. Purchase the music for the song you're playing and listen to it while you practice. With enough practice you'll eventually be able to play songs by ear. Learn how to play different scales. Learning the different scales will help you practice your mandolin fingering and will also teach you some basic music theory. For instance, the G major scale is G, A, B, C, D, E, and F♯. You can find examples of other major and minor scales online or in a mandolin music lesson book. Search online for more advanced tutorials once you are confident. Once you can play a couple of songs from tabs, you'll want to move onto more complex content. Learn how to read music and look online to find more complex soloing tutorials. Find different, more difficult chords and scales to play and keep practicing until you can play songs without messing up.	Hold your mandolin in your lap. Tune your mandolin to the standard tuning. Adjust the strings to a low action. Purchase a heavy pick. Strum the mandolin without holding down the strings. Press down on the strings and strum. Hold down different frets with different fingers. Play a G major. Move your fingers up one string to play a C chord. Put your fingers on the second fret of the E and G strings for a D chord. Practice transitioning between different chords. Get simple tab music. Play along with music. Learn how to play different scales. Search online for more advanced tutorials once you are confident.
https://www.wikihow.com/Treat-a-New-Dog	How to Treat a New Dog	To take care of a new dog, stay calm and quiet around it for the first few days and continue to go about your daily routine, which will help your dog settle in. Also, try to limit the number of people your dog is meeting at first so it doesn't get overwhelmed. You should also feed your dog and take it out to go to the bathroom at consistent times every day so it starts to get used to a schedule. Once your new dog has been home for a day or 2, you can start training it and teaching it commands like "sit" and "stay."	Make your home safe for a dog. Since you don't know exactly how your new dog will act when you get it home, it's best to remove all items that might be enticing for a dog to eat or destroy. For example, put all food and chemicals out of reach of a dog so that it doesn't eat them and get sick. Also put fragile items away until you know how your new dog will act. Create a small temporary space that the dog can be kept in. Set up a space that has a bed and food and water dishes. This space will be for the dog as it gets used to its new home, so it should be an area that can be blocked off so the dog is kept there. Keeping the dog in this small space will help you keep and eye on it and will reduce how overwhelmed the dog may get from getting to know a large new home immediately on arrival. It's a good idea for this area to have a hard, stain-resistant flooring, in case your new dog has an accident. Depending on your home, this could be a bathroom, a kitchen, or an extra room that doesn't have a lot of fragile or precious items in it. Get your dog new toys. It's important to give your new dog items that will entertain it and make it happy. Buy an array of toys so that you can figure out what your new dog likes to play with best. Be sure to get some chew toys, so that your new dog doesn't start chewing on items that it shouldn't. Provide items with familiar smells. When you bring a new dog home, bring along something that has its smell on it, such as a blanket, toy, or other item it has used. This smell will help the dog feel comfortable and calm as it adjusts to its new life. That way, even after you give the dog a bath, it will still have something that smells familiar. Ask the person you are dealing with during your dog adoption for an item that you can take with you, even if it's just a small toy. If your dog doesn't have an item like this, that is fine. However, it's a nice thing if it does. Set up a preliminary veterinary appointment. When you bring a new dog home it's important to get its health assessed right away. Have a check up done within a week of having a new dog so that you can get any health conditions treated right away. If you don't know what veterinarian to go to, ask friends, family, and the people who you adopted the dog from for suggestions in your area. During your first veterinary visit you should set up a vaccination schedule for the future. Walk your dog around your home before taking it inside. When you bring a new dog home it's important to let it get used to the entire area it will be in, not just its actual home. When you take it out of the car, walk it up and down outside of the home and let it sniff around. Then, once its gotten some energy out and hopefully has had a chance to go to the bathroom, you can take it inside. Allow the dog to go in only 1 room at first. In order to control the dog's movements and to minimize the chance of it destroying anything, keep it contained in the area you have prepared for it. Keeping it in this area for a day or 2 will give it time to calm down before exploring the rest of its new home. If you are going to crate train the dog, have the crate open and in the dog's area. This will give the dog a chance to get used to it. Minimize the number of people your dog meets. It can be overwhelming for a dog to meet a large number of people while it is adjusting to a whole new life. Instead, only have direct family members at home when the dog arrives and make sure that they give the dog some physical space while it adjusts. Tell potential visitors that they will need to wait at least a few days before meeting your new dog. Remain quiet and calm with the new dog. Give it physical space and don't get it excited by being loud or active. It's best just to promote calmness and make activities as routine as possible. Don't take the dog to a dog park or crowded street for a few weeks after getting it. You need to know how the dog is likely to react to these kind of environments before taking it to them. Don't overdo it with physical affection or playing right off the bat. If you tackle your dog in a way that it sees as beyond just playful rough housing, it might get defensive or aggressive. Provide food and water. When you bring a new dog home it may be worried about getting its basic needs met. Show it that it will not starve by giving it food and water consistently. Feed the dog the same food it has been eating for at least the first few days. Then, if you want to change the food, you should transition onto a different food over the course of a week or 2. Let your dog out to go to the bathroom at least every 2 hours. A new dog may not be perfectly housebroken, so give it ample opportunities to go to the bathroom outside. Stay with the dog as it does its business, so you are sure it goes. This will also give the dog a chance to get to know its new yard and the surrounding area. Let your dog out on a set schedule, including when it gets up in the morning and right after it eats. Give your dog exercise. Make sure that your new dog gets 30 minutes to an hour of exercise every day. To keep it exciting, try taking your dog out to a fun place, for instance a park, a lake, a pet store, or another place where dogs are allowed. While walking your dog, don't let your dog off the leash and make sure that the dog's collar and leash are secure. A new dog is likely to run away if it gets loose, so be cautious at first. Set a consistent daily routine. A new dog will feel most secure in its new home if it can depend on the same things happening every day. Walking it, feeding it, and putting it to bed at the same time will go a long way towards it feeling at home. A consistent schedule will also help it avoid having accidents in the house. Being fed at the same time and going out at the same time every day will allow its system to adjust quickly to its new life. Start training your dog. When your dog gets home you can start training it after it has acclimated for a day or 2, even if it's a puppy as young as 8 weeks old. Begin with simple commands, such as " sit." Say the word "sit" every time the dog does that action naturally and give it a treat. As the dog figures out that the action it is doing is connected to the treats and the verbal cue, it will begin doing it on command. As you dog learns add more commands, such as " lie down ," "stay," and " fetch." Show your dog love and affection. As you get to know your dog, begin to show it how much you like it. Pet it, hug it, and spend quality time with it every day. This will certainly make your beloved pet feel more at home. Talk to your new dog. Tell it how good it is doing and why you are so happy it is with you. Using a cheerful and happy tone with the dog will help it begin to love and trust you. Be sure not to raise your voice, hit, or otherwise be cruel to your dog. Along with being generally bad behavior, this will cause your dog not to trust you, which can impact your relationship and its behavior.	Make your home safe for a dog. Create a small temporary space that the dog can be kept in. Get your dog new toys. Provide items with familiar smells. Set up a preliminary veterinary appointment. Walk your dog around your home before taking it inside. Allow the dog to go in only 1 room at first. Minimize the number of people your dog meets. Remain quiet and calm with the new dog. Provide food and water. Let your dog out to go to the bathroom at least every 2 hours. Give your dog exercise. Set a consistent daily routine. Start training your dog. Show your dog love and affection.
https://www.wikihow.com/Survive-a-Bear-Attack	How to Survive a Bear Attack	If you're in danger of a bear attack, try to appear as big as possible by raising your arms and spreading your legs. Avoid any sudden movements, and never run away, as a bear can easily outrun you. If you have a flashlight, try shining it in the bear's eyes to scare it away. In the case that the bear actually charges and attacks, use whatever you can to defend yourself, including pepper spray and sticks. Also, a good kick to the snout can be enough to stun the bear.	Identify the bear quickly upon your encounter. Knowing your bear has some bearing on how to approach an attack. Keep in mind that color and size are not reliable sole indicators of the species of bear––even those familiar with bears can have a difficult time determining the difference between a very large black bear and a grizzly. Common features of some species of bears include: Black bears ( Ursus americanus ): Black bears can weigh between 125 to 660 pounds (56kg to 300kg). The color of black bears tends to range from black to blond. The bear's muzzle is usually lighter in color than the bear's body; many black bears will also sport a white patch on their throat or chest. The black bear stands about 2-3.5 feet (60-100cm) tall to the shoulder and 4-7 feet (1.2-2.1 meters) tall when standing on his back legs. Look for such distinguishing features as a straight face, a straight back line, small head and dark-colored short claws. Brown bears (sub-species "Grizzly" bears) ( Ursus arctos and Ursus arctos horribilis ): Brown bears are distributed across Eurasia and North America. They weigh between 660 and 1500 pounds (300 to 680kg), with the Kodiak bear being the largest (rivaling the polar bear in size). There is debate about the amount of sub-species of brown bears but you can generally rely on the distinguishing features noted below. Grizzly bears can weigh about 550-1000 pounds (250-450 kg) in interior areas, while coastal grizzlies can weigh up to 1500 pounds at peak.(). Again, the coloring can be anywhere from black to blond, with the usual giveaway being that the bear has silver-tipped fur that looks "grizzled" (or "streaked with gray hair", hence the name "grizzly"). When standing, a grizzly can reach over 9 to 12 feet (2.74 to 3.657 meters) tall. In brown, grizzly and Kodiak bears, look for such distinguishing features as a prominent hump over his shoulders, sloping back line, a dished or concave face, large head and light-colored, long curving claws. Sloth bears ("Melursus ursinus"): Sloth bears are a nocturnal insectivorous species of bear found wild within the Indian subcontinent. Sloth bears have shaggy, dusty-black coats, pale, short-haired muzzles, and long, curved claws that they use to excavate ants and termites. A cream-colored "V" or "Y" usually marks their chests. Sloth bears' nostrils can close, protecting the animals from dust or insects when raiding termite nests or bee hives. A gap in their teeth enables them to suck up ants, termites, and other insects. Sloth bears grow five to six feet long, stand two to three feet high at the shoulder, and weigh from 120 (in lighter females) to 310 pounds (in heavy males). Polar bears ( Ursus maritimis ): Male polar bears can weigh around 770-1500 pounds (350-680kg), with females being about half the size. Found in the Arctic Circle, this bear has adjusted to life on snow, ice and in cold waters. The largest terrestrial carnivore, the polar bear's shoulder height is about 51-63 inches (130-160cm). The usual color is white and the bear's body is more elongated than that of a brown bear, with a longer skull and nose. For locations of different bear species, see "Tips" below. Try to quickly assess whether the bear is behaving defensively or if it is attacking you to clear its path to food (predatory). This is helpful for knowing how far you can rely on trying to convince the bear you're not a threat so she will leave you alone (by, for example, increasing your size, being noisy, playing dead, etc). On the other hand, if you're viewed as prey rather than as a threat, the bear won't stop attacking you if you play dead or shout, so you'll need to find more effective defensive approaches that might help you to escape safely. Typical reasons for a bear to feel threatened include the need to protect her cubs, protection of hidden food or a carcass and surprise or confusion, fear, an impression that space has been invaded and blocking of exit way. Predatory behavior is usually brought about by hunger and an indifference to your human status. A greater percentage of attacks from black bears are predatory in nature than from brown bears, but young brown bears or grizzlies can be predatory once abandoned by their mothers, as they're learning to find food alone and may be tempting to see humans as food. Remember that whatever the reason behind a bear's attack, the bear is dangerous. Here are some general indications showing whether the bear is reacting either in a defensive or predatory way: Black bear defensive attack: The bear that is defending itself will tend to swat at you and try to bite. However, it is less likely to target your head or neck (the kill bite). Black bear predatory attack: The bear that is hungry will often find you and may have stalked you. It will go for biting the nape and the top of your head. It will grasp you with a bear hug while it bites you. It won't be deterred from continuing to attack you. Brown/grizzly bear defensive attack: The bear may flee or they may make a series of bluff charges to test your threat. The intended ferocity of its attack can be determined by looking at the position of her ears. The more the ears slope backwards, the more serious the intention to attack. Other indicators of an attack about to occur include hair rising on the back of her neck and back and growls. Be aware that if it runs downwind, it may signal its need to get a better smell of the intruder. When it attacks you, it'll bite the top of your head and the nape and smash your spinal cord with a powerful paw swipe. Brown/grizzly bear predatory attack: The same indicators as the defensive attack, with increased seriousness of their intention (for example, bluff charges turn into standing its ground and trying to swipe or bite you). If it is on all four legs, aggression will be shown in the form of swinging its head from side to side and clacking its teeth while opening and closing her mouth. Sloth bear: Sloth bears mostly feed exclusively on plants, so it's probably attacking you to defend itself or its cubs. It will usually try to smack you and bite you, but will probably not target your head or neck. Polar bear: Polar bears are usually hungry and are dangerous. It has been known for centuries that they attack humans and they can stalk a human being for ages. They will bite you in the head. Assume the attack is predatory and that the bear won't stop attacking you. Any species of bear in your camp or worse, in your tent: This bear, regardless of species, is most likely predatory and you need to act fast to defend yourself physically. Do not act like prey––stay calm and fight back with everything (and everyone) in the tent. If you notice a bear watching your campsite, contact the relevant authorities immediately. Regardless of whether you're being attacked for predatory or defensive reasons, a bear is dangerous when he decides to attack. However, the number one coping mechanism is to keep a clear head, so above all, don't panic. If you panic, your mind will go blank and you may react like a prey animal, purely from fear, which can endanger your life. Some key things to help you initially include: Try to make yourself appear bigger than you really are. Hold your arms up above your head and perhaps spread your legs a little more widely apart (but not so as to unbalance yourself). You could also raise your jacket above your head to give the impression of greater height but realize that this may mean less protection on your body should the bear suddenly attack you and you can't put it back on quickly enough. Don't use your jacket if it means removing a backpack (see next). If wearing a backpack, leave it on. It's slightly more protection than without one, especially if you need to play dead (see next step). Avoid making any eye contact––eye contact can be perceived by a bear as a threat and can provoke a charge or repeated attacks. By the same token, never take your eyes off the bear in general––know what it is doing at all times. Noise may or may not make things worse. Small bears, including black bears, can be scared away with noise. Some people believe metallic noise scares off bears because it's not natural and there are documented examples of bears running away from clanging metallic sounds. However, any noise may be effective if it's going to work at all. Be aware that larger bears, including large black bears and polar bears, are often simply made more curious by noise in this situation and could well come towards the noise (i.e., you) to check it out. At night, use a strong flashlight or headlamp to shine lights in the bear's eyes, especially if a bear surprises you in your camp or tent. Even a camera flash can temporarily blind a bear in poor light or the dark. Avoid any sudden movements and never run. Animals that chase prey for a living react to movement and running trips an innate reaction to give chase until caught. A bear is able to run over 40 mph (64 km/h), so don't harbor notions of outrunning the bear! Equally, never hide in something as flimsy as a tent. The bear won't be fooled into thinking you've disappeared and scuttling off to hide may well trigger the predator instinct to keep foraging for you. The common advice about climbing a tree is––don't. This is because bears (especially black and sloth bears) can climb trees very fast. Climbing a tree though, might increase your chances of survival if fighting a larger bear, like a grizzly bear. But some grizzlies can climb, too. It can also be useful where a bear is bluff charging, as it can indicate to the bear that you're not a threat. But if you do climb a tree, make sure the bear is not strong enough to make the tree fall over, and that you have sufficient time to climb high enough that the bear cannot get to you if it stands on his hind legs (which it can do rapidly). However, if you're attacked by a black/sloth bear (unless it's very big) or a smaller bear, don't climb a tree, as they can climb very easily. In this latter case, if you do find yourself forced to climb a tree, climb very high to a point where even a small 300 pound bear cannot go without snapping the branches. Try to create some distance between you and the bear––distance is your ally while you defend yourself. Barehanded, you lack a safe enough reach to harm the bear without him harming you even more rapidly. Do your best to put something large in between you and the bear, like a tree or a rock. Deal with a bear charge as calmly as possible. Some charges are tests or bluffs to see what you'll do, if anything. Even though it's hard, try to stand perfectly still and stand your ground when a bear is charging you. Some bears will be nonplussed by the lack of movement and stop considering you as a threat. However, do be readying yourself for an attack, such as preparing bear spray or sticks, etc. during the charge. Don't use the spray or hit the bear unless you are sure the bear is attacking––some bears make several bluff charges before deciding you're not worth the effort and you wouldn't want to unnecessarily arouse the bear's wrath when they might just simply grow bored and wander off again. After a bluff charge, talk softly, wave your hands slowly above your head and back away slowly. Note that if a bear rears up on its hind legs––this is often an attempt to see what is happening rather than an immediate launch into an attack. Stay still and let them assess you; they may find you unworthy of further interest. A grizzly will tend to make a direct charge, while a black bear may zig zag charge to attack from undercover. Above all, do not run or you will trigger the bear's instincts to give chase. Naturally, being surprised by a stealth charging bear can make this easier said than done, so always be alert when in bear country. Know when it's okay to play dead and when it's not. If the bear maintains too much interest in potentially or actually attacking you, playing dead may be an option if you're confronted by a brown bear or a grizzly. If you're certain that this is the species of bear before you, to play dead, simply drop to the ground and lie flat on your stomach. Spread your legs out (to prevent the bear from rolling you over easily) and cover the nape with your hands, locking your fingers together. Use your elbows to cover your face. Stay very still and silent. Steve French, a doctor familiar with bear attack injuries, noted that victims attacked in a close encounter situation who protect themselves in this manner and don't resist, tend to survive with outpatient injuries only. If the bear does manage to roll you over, roll back onto your stomach again, each time. The hope is that the brown bear or grizzly will eventually grow bored with you and leave. If the bear does seem to leave, remain playing dead for some time until you can be absolutely sure the bear has really left and isn't just waiting for your revival. On the other hand, many bear experts recommend that you should never play dead if the bear is a black bear or polar bear. In doing so, you might be giving yourself up for dinner. However, not all bear experts agree that playing dead doesn't work with black bears and author of Bear Aware , Bill Schneider", suggests that if you can't identify the bear, it's still best to play dead. If the brown bear or grizzly roughs you up a bit, stay flat and silent. However, if he starts to lick your wounds, stop playing dead; the bear is getting serious about harming (eating) you and you'll need to fight back. Exploit possible bear weaknesses. There are a few things that you can try to do that might lessen the bear's chances of successfully attacking you. First, try to defend yourself on a steep slope or grade; in doing so, you can ensure that any bear will at least have a difficult time standing erect, thereby reducing their full weight force (from a standing position, a bear can benefit merely from using his own weight to harm you). Note that attacks from the side may be difficult for the bear to see well (bears' neck muscles and jaw structure make it difficult for them to rotate their necks easily, limiting their viewing range from the side), so you might be able to take advantage of this if it comes to blows. However, be aware that a bear will likely attack horizontally as well, which can inhibit your own horizontal strikes. Bears, as far as scientists can determine, have as good eyesight as humans. While this may deteriorate with age (as with humans), don't rely on alleged poor eyesight as a defense method (namely, don't play hide and seek in full view of the bear). Fight with whatever you have. If you've tried everything else and the bear is still bearing down on you, your life is in severe danger and you'll need to do whatever you can to survive. Reach for whatever you can to fight with. Sticks, dirt, rocks, etc. can be thrown into the bear's eyes, poked into his eyes, or can be used to hit him across the snout (a very sensitive part of a bear). Just take care when retrieving such objects, as you will probably be tempted to squat or bend over, which can make you appear even smaller and you might lose sight of the bear's actions as you're picking up the items. When defending yourself, keep in your head that for any defense against the bear to work, you must be quick, you must try to increase your distance, be aggressive and you must try to avoid the bear's strength (the power of the bear's strike), in that order of importance. Do a straight-line/gut kick if you have to/can. Straight line kicks can be effective––this is the kind of kick performed by police when breaching a door. Strike quickly and draw your leg back fast before the bear has a chance to swipe your inner thigh (if the bear manages to do so, you're effectively disarmed). If on a hill though, realize that if the bear is lower than you, he will lead his attack with his head because of the difficulties of standing, so you'll need to aim the kick accordingly. A bear's neck, skull and rigid jaw muscles can be used as resistance. If done correctly, a kick landed on the face may cause hemorrhage due to the bear's resistance, potentially causing whiplash. If punching a bear, be aware of how useless this can be and how it can endanger you a great deal. A punch usually only works when landed squarely on the bear's nose. Where possible, avoid punching because it exposes your very vulnerable arms and hands. Where you can, strike and move uphill, strike and move uphill. Staying uphill may give you more of a chance to inflict enough damage to the bear to give you a chance to escape. Protect yourself above all. Be aware that you can't take a strike. The large swipes from a bear have been known to kill elk and deer in one movement; you will likely fare no differently. Use your backpack as a shield, throw things at the bear, like your pack, camera, books, shoes and drink bottle; preferably aim for sensitive areas of the bear's face, such as the nose or eyes. If you have hit the bear or caused them pain, recognize that the bear will see you as a continuing threat. They will either run away or continue their assault until they have removed the perceived threat. Pull out your bear spray and use it. This step is set apart from the previous one because you may not have any spray (not everyone agrees with lugging around what is effectively a chemical weapon requiring careful handling and that comes with a hefty price and deteriorates quickly) and also because you do need to know how to use it properly for it to be effective. The first thing is to understand that pepper spray is a deterrent only and may increase a bear's anger, so don't treat it as your only response to an attacking bear. Second, pepper spray needs to be accessible. If it's tucked at the base of your backpack, you won't have time to retrieve it. Only use it if you can get it quickly and easily––the speed of your reaction matters when using pepper spray. Use pepper spray at the moment of the attack. Don't try to spray it on clothes or your tent. It may attract the bear. Spray should only be used in the moment of attack and directly into the bear's face. Know the range of the pepper spray you have (it's usually 20 to 30 feet/6-9 meters). Hopefully you've got a big container with a good range, to help keep distance between you and the bear. Check the wind direction. It won't do you any good to spray the bear only to have the spray fog you instead. If the wind is blowing toward you, you'll need to carefully get to a better position. Also, if it's raining heavily, the spray may not be effective as it'll wash off quickly. Follow the manufacturer's instructions. You need to read the instructions before you go into bear country. You will not have time to be reading them with a bear dancing around you. Different spray brands may work differently, or new containers may have different requirements from what you're used to, and you need to know this in advance. Aim the pepper spray at the bear so that it will form a fog or cone cloud in the precise place where the bear is aiming to attack. Spray as soon as the bear charging you is about 40 feet (12 meters) toward you, in expectation of the bear's arrival and yell at the same time. Expect a reaction––the bear will experience immediate, intense pain from stinging eyes and will probably experience breathing difficulties. An angry disoriented bear will probably still come after you, so don't delay if the spray has given you a chance to get away. If you forgot the pepper spray, use any repellent you have; even insect repellent might cause stinging eyes in a pinch. However, don't rely on any other form of repellent than pepper spray as your anti-bear arsenal because they generally do not make any impact at all; use of them is a last ditch desperate act. Note that there's a big difference between bear pepper spray and human self defense pepper spray. The active ingredients is different and human spray comes out in a directed stream while bear spray comes out in a mist. Many experts say that human pepper-spray would not work on a bear (And may be illegal) so do your research and perhaps invest in the slightly more expensive bottle of bear spray. Be aware of the wind direction as well. It wouldn't do you any good to accidentally pepperspray yourself in an attempt to defend yourself against the bear. Consider the involvement of those accompanying you. Dealing with an attacking bear when in a group deserves mention. Choosing to hike, jog, run, camp, or spend time in bear country alone isn't necessarily wise because there is often safety in numbers. This is why many national/state/provincial park authorities in both the USA and Canada recommend that some trails can only be taken when in a group of six or more people. If you're confronted by a bear that wants to attack you and you're with companions, they can play a vital role in scaring off the bear. More people means more noise and an impression of too many attackers versus the bear will often put an end to any thoughts of an attack. If there are only a few of you together, say two or three, the bear may not be as intimidated and may still seek to attack. However, the advantage of being with companions is that you can defend each other. For example, if you all drop down and play dead and the bear paws one of you, the other companion can start poking the bear's eyes and spraying the bear to get him to move away. If a bear is attacking you and you're with other people able to help responsibly, try the following: Keep communicating clearly with companions when attacked by a bear. Tell each other what you're about to do as both reassurance and certainty of actions. Stay calm and try not to shout unless it's part of your noise strategy. Avoid leaving any person alone with the bear. The strategy should be to stick together as much as possibly, to help increase the impression of a group that is hard to part. Avoid leaving alone any individual who could be singled out for attacking. One person can collect sticks, dirt, etc. while the other person shouts at the bear to distract him. In particular, protect young or vulnerable people. Do your best to shield children or panicking persons who form part of your group. Keep them close so that the bear doesn't perceive them as an easy pick and do your best to reassure them to dampen down fear or panic reactions. Escape as soon as it's safe to do so. As stated earlier, don't ever run. If you've wounded a bear enough to stop them in their tracks temporarily, walk away as fast as you can, heading in a direction away from them and toward safety. Keep something defensive in your hands, such as dirt, pepper spray, sticks, etc., in case you need to resort to defending yourself again in an instant. Try to move away noiselessly so as not to attract any more attention. It's probable that you will be in shock but do what you can to get back to a safe place. Whenever backing away from a bear, do so facing the bear so that you can continue to watch the bear. Speak in a low monotone, as if to reassure the bear (and probably yourself). If you're in the Arctic, try to get back to a vehicle or shelter where possible. Unfortunately, you remain a clear target while exposed against the vast tracts of snow. Moreover, a polar bear has a keen sense of smell (they can find a buried seal pup up to 2 kilometers away!). Be realistic. The suggestions in this article are just that––suggestions. There is no one checklist for surviving a bear attack and what is provided here are generalizations drawn from a variety of sources based on people's own bear encounter experiences. None of these approaches are guarantees of survival in a future bear encounter, as how a bear will react depends largely on the context, on how you (and any companions with you) react and the bear's own reasons, which will only become apparent as your personal bear encounter unfolds. Moreover, bears are very strong. Nevertheless, knowing how other people have survived informs you that it is possible to survive a bear encounter. Above all, always be prepared and seek to stay calm; being in bear country carries responsibilities of which you should be aware before entering. Keep bear fear in perspective; after reading an article like this, you might think bears are out to get you. On the whole, they are not, testified to by the fact that bears have ample opportunities to attack human beings that they don't choose to act upon. Bears co-exist peacefully in most areas and the few rogue bears that cause problems are usually swiftly dealt with by the relevant authorities. You can help peaceful coexistence with bears by not feeding them (to avoid food-conditioning), not encouraging them into your living space, not provoking them and by spreading the message about how to stay safe around bears. Prevention works better than cure––always follow the ways of avoiding encounters with bears or backing down well before it turns into an attack. Remember that most bears will avoid confrontation where possible.	Identify the bear quickly upon your encounter. Try to quickly assess whether the bear is behaving defensively or if it is attacking you to clear its path to food (predatory). Regardless of whether you're being attacked for predatory or defensive reasons, a bear is dangerous when he decides to attack. Deal with a bear charge as calmly as possible. Know when it's okay to play dead and when it's not. Exploit possible bear weaknesses. Fight with whatever you have. Pull out your bear spray and use it. Consider the involvement of those accompanying you. Escape as soon as it's safe to do so. Be realistic.
https://www.wikihow.com/Prevent-Sweaty-Armpits	How to Prevent Sweaty Armpits	The best way to prevent sweaty armpits is to apply an over-the-counter antiperspirant at night on dry skin. Avoid using deodorants, as they don't have the active ingredient, aluminum chlorohydrate, which reduces sweating. You should also avoid foods like caffeine, alcohol, and processed foods, as they can cause sweating. While hot drinks may cause you to sweat, don't stop drinking water because your body needs to stay hydrated to function properly. In fact, drinking water can cool your body down enough that it doesn't need to sweat. If normal methods don't work, consider talking to your doctor about prescription-strength versions or electromagnetic therapies that can destroy your sweat glands.	Use an over-the-counter antiperspirant. Antiperspirants work by blocking your sweat glands for a time so they cannot produce sweat. Antiperspirants can be purchased over the counter in a number of strengths, including newer “clinical,” and so-called “prescription strength” formulations. These virtually all have the same active ingredient, aluminum chlorohydrate, but the amount present and the formula used will affect how well an antiperspirant works on a particular person, so you may need to experiment to find the one that works best for you. For best results, apply the antiperspirant at night on dry skin. Even “all natural” antiperspirants contain aluminum, something to be aware of if you are trying to avoid aluminum exposure. However, the other ingredients in an all-natural formulation may be better for you, so that may still be a reason to consider them. Deodorants, unlike antiperspirants, do not reduce sweating. Instead they contain ingredients to mask or prevent body odor associated with sweat. If you are trying to stop sweat, be sure to look for the word “antiperspirant” or “antiperspirant and deodorant.” Talk to your doctor about other options. If normal antiperspirants won't do the job, there are a number of other treatment options available for excessive underarm sweat that your doctor can authorize or administer. Actual prescription-strength antiperspirants are one option. There are also other therapies available to provide a long-term reduction in armpit sweat, including miraDry, a new technology that uses electromagnetic energy to destroy sweat glands. Botox shots applied to the armpits have also been shown to be effective. Avoid sweat-causing substances. Sometimes what we eat and drink can make us more prone to sweating. Spicy foods are one common culprit; caffeine, alcohol, and processed foods can also cause an increase in sweating. Taking too much of the vitamin niacin (or even a small amount in people who are sensitive to it,) can also cause excessive sweating. Drinking hot beverages also raises your internal body temperature and make you more prone to sweating. Don't avoid drinking water to prevent sweating! Your body needs water to function properly, and drinking more water can actually reduce sweating by helping to cool your body. It will also help ensure that when you do sweat, it won't smell as bad. Consider seeking treatment for anxiety. If you commonly break out in a sweat when you are anxious, a condition called “nervous sweating,” you can use the ideas outlined in this article to help manage the problem, but you might also consider talking to your doctor or a mental health care provider about the possibility that you have an anxiety disorder. In addition to treating the symptom of nervous sweating, there may be medical and/or behavioral treatment options to help you manage your anxiety in general. Wear underarm shields under your clothing. When armpit sweat is unavoidable, underarm shields are a great way to keep it hidden and protect your clothing. These are absorbent pads that you wear under your arms to absorb excess sweat and prevent clothing stains; many also offer some kind of odor control. Called alternately “dress shields,” “underarm shields,” “underarm pads,” “armpit guards,” etc., there are dozens of styles available. Some affix directly to your clothing or skin, while others are held in place with discreet straps. Both disposable and washable options are available. Underarm shields are available at many online retailers. You can also find them frequently in men's clothing stores, and the lingerie section of many women's clothing retailers. You can even make your own underarm shields at home! Avoid fabrics that don't breathe well. Certain fabrics, namely silk, polyester, rayon, and nylon, don't breathe well and are more likely to cause sweating. Better choices include cotton, linen, and even wool. Dress to hide armpit sweat. If you know your armpits are going to sweat, dress in such a way that you can disguise it. Wear an undershirt under your clothing, or dress in layers to prevent sweat stains from becoming visible. For instance, a sweater vest worn over a shirt does an excellent job of hiding sweat stains. A hoodie or light jacket worn over a tank top or camisole can also help conceal armpit sweat. Sweat stains are usually more visible on light-colored clothing, so avoid light colored blouses if you are prone to sweating. Look for high tech sweat-proof or sweat-resistant clothing. There are a number of “sweat-proof” undergarments for both men and women that use different methods for wicking sweat away, or preventing it from reaching the visible layers of your clothes. There are also an increasing number of sweat-resistant fabrics on the market that use technology to keep sweat from building up and causing embarrassing stains. Ask your local clothing retailer, or do an online search for “sweat-proof” or “sweat-resistant” clothing.	Use an over-the-counter antiperspirant. Talk to your doctor about other options. Avoid sweat-causing substances. Consider seeking treatment for anxiety. Wear underarm shields under your clothing. Avoid fabrics that don't breathe well. Dress to hide armpit sweat. Look for high tech sweat-proof or sweat-resistant clothing.
https://www.wikihow.com/Read-a-Logarithmic-Scale	How to Read a Logarithmic Scale	When reading a logarithmic scale, the evenly spaced marks represent the powers of whatever base you are working with. Standard logarithms use base 10, so a logarithm scale counts by powers of 10. Each of the main divisions, noted on log paper with a darker line, is called a cycle or decade. The minor intervals are not evenly spaced since their value is based on the logarithm for each number.	Determine whether you are reading a semi-log or log-log graph. Graphs that represent rapidly growing data can use one-log scales or two-log scales. The difference is in whether both the x-axis and y-axis use logarithmic scales, or only one. The choice depends on the amount of detail that you wish to display with your graph. If numbers on one axis or the other grow or decrease exponentially, you may wish to use a logarithmic scale for that axis. A logarithmic (or just “log”) scale has unevenly spaced grid lines. A standard scale has evenly spaced grid lines. Some data needs to be graphed on standard paper only, some on semi-log graphs, and some on log-log graphs. For example, the graph of y = x {\displaystyle y={\sqrt {x}}} (or any similar function with a radical term) can be graphed on a purely standard graph, a semi-log graph, or log-log graph. On a standard graph, the function appears as a sideways parabola, but the detail for very small numbers is difficult to see. On the log-log graph, the same function appears as a straight line, and the values are more spread out for better detail. If both variables in a study include great ranges of data, you would probably use a log-log graph. Studies of evolutionary effects, for example, may be measured in thousands or millions of years and might choose a logarithmic scale for the x-axis. Depending on the item being measured, a log-log scale may be necessary. Read the scale of the main divisions. On a logarithmic scale graph, the evenly spaced marks represent the powers of whatever base you are working with. The standard logarithms use either base 10 or the natural logarithm which uses the base e {\displaystyle e}. e {\displaystyle e} is a mathematical constant that is useful in working with compound interest and other advanced calculations. It is approximately equal to 2.718. This article will focus on the base-10 logarithms, but the reading the natural logarithm scale operates in the same way. Standard logarithms use base 10. Instead of counting 1, 2, 3, 4… or 10, 20, 30, 40… or some other evenly spaced scale, a logarithm scale counts by powers of 10. The main axis points are, therefore, 10 1 , 10 2 , 10 3 , 10 4 {\displaystyle 10^{1},10^{2},10^{3},10^{4}} and so on. Each of the main divisions, usually noted on log paper with a darker line, is called a “cycle.” When specifically using based 10, you can use the term “decade” because it refers to a new power of 10. Notice that the minor intervals are not evenly spaced. If you are using printed logarithmic graph paper, you will notice that the intervals between the main units are not evenly spaced. That is, for example, the mark for 20 would actually be placed about 1/3 of the way between 10 and 100. The minor interval marks are based on the logarithm of each number. Therefore, if 10 is represented as the first major mark on the scale, and 100 is the second, the other numbers fall in between as follows: l o g ( 10 ) = 1 {\displaystyle log(10)=1} l o g ( 20 ) = 1.3 {\displaystyle log(20)=1.3} l o g ( 30 ) = 1.48 {\displaystyle log(30)=1.48} l o g ( 40 ) = 1.60 {\displaystyle log(40)=1.60} l o g ( 50 ) = 1.70 {\displaystyle log(50)=1.70} l o g ( 60 ) = 1.78 {\displaystyle log(60)=1.78} l o g ( 70 ) = 1.85 {\displaystyle log(70)=1.85} l o g ( 80 ) = 1.90 {\displaystyle log(80)=1.90} l o g ( 90 ) = 1.95 {\displaystyle log(90)=1.95} l o g ( 100 ) = 2.00 {\displaystyle log(100)=2.00} At higher powers of 10, the minor intervals are spaced in the same ratios. Thus, the spacing between 10, 20, 30… looks like the spacing between 100, 200, 300… or 1000, 2000, 3000…. Determine the type of scale you wish to use. For the explanation given below, the focus will be on a semi-log graph, using a standard scale for the x-axis and a log scale for the y-axis. However, you may wish to reverse these, depending on how you want the data to appear. Reversing the axes has the effect of shifting the graph by ninety degrees and may make the data more easily interpreted in one direction or the other. Additionally, you may wish to use a log scale to spread out certain data values and make their details more visible. Mark the x-axis scale. The x-axis is the independent variable. The independent variable is the one that you generally control in a measurement or experiment. The independent variable is not affected by the other variable in the study. Some examples of independent variables may be such things as: Date Time Age Medication given Determine that you need a logarithmic scale for the y-axis. You will use a logarithmic scale to graph data that changes extremely quickly. A standard graph is useful for data that grows or decreases at a linear rate. A logarithmic graph is for data that changes at an exponential rate. Samples of such data might be: Population growth rates Product consumption rates Compounding interest Label the logarithmic scale. Review your data and decide how to mark the y-axis. If your data measures numbers only within, for example, the millions and billions, you probably do not need to have your graph begin at 0. You could label the lowest cycle on the graph as 10 6 {\displaystyle 10^{6}}. Subsequent cycles would be 10 7 , 10 8 , 10 9 {\displaystyle 10^{7},10^{8},10^{9}} and so on. Find the position on the x-axis for a data point. To graph the first (or any) data point, you begin by finding its position along the x-axis. This may be an incremental scale, such as a regular number line that counts 1, 2, 3, and so on. It may be a scale of labels that you assign, such as dates or months of the year when you take certain measurements. Locate the position along the logarithmic scale y-axis. You need to find the corresponding position along the y-axis for the data that you wish to plot. Recall that, since you are working with a logarithmic scale, the major markings are powers of 10, and the minor scale markings in between represent the subdivisions. For example, between 10 6 {\displaystyle 10^{6}} (one million) and 10 7 {\displaystyle 10^{7}} (ten million), the lines represent divisions of 1,000,000's. For example, the number 4,000,000 would be graphed at the fourth minor scale mark above 10 6 {\displaystyle 10^{6}}. Even though, on a standard linear scale, 4,000,000 is less than halfway between 1,000,000 and 10,000,000, because of the logarithmic scale, it actually appears slightly more than halfway. You should note that the higher intervals, closer to the upper limit, become squeezed together. This is due to the mathematical nature of the logarithmic scale. Continue with all the data. Continue repeating the previous steps for all the data that you need to graph. For each data point, first locate its position along the x-axis, and then find its corresponding location along the logarithmic scale of the y-axis.	Determine whether you are reading a semi-log or log-log graph. Read the scale of the main divisions. Notice that the minor intervals are not evenly spaced. Determine the type of scale you wish to use. Mark the x-axis scale. Determine that you need a logarithmic scale for the y-axis. Label the logarithmic scale. Find the position on the x-axis for a data point. Locate the position along the logarithmic scale y-axis. Continue with all the data.
https://www.wikihow.com/Grow-Strawberries-in-a-Pot	How to Grow Strawberries in a Pot	To grow strawberries in a pot, start by purchasing a starter plant or a runner from a nursery, along with a pot that's 16 to 18 inches wide and 8 inches deep. Next, fill the pot with premixed potting soil or compost, transplant the strawberry plant into the pot, and water the soil. Give your plant 6 to 10 hours of sunlight a day and water it whenever the soil is dry. Then, fertilize it with a 10-10-10 mix every 2 weeks, and spray it with insecticide and fungicide to kill pests and fungus if you see discoloration on the leaves.	Buy a starter plant or runner from a nursery. Strawberries are rarely grown from seed in home environments. Typically, you will grow strawberries from a small starter plant or from a cutting from another strawberry plant, known as a runner. Both can be easily transplanted into pots using the same methods. Runners are often cheaper than starter plants, but some may require special care, such as soaking or refrigeration. Follow the instructions from your nursery if this is the case. Day-neutral plants (which produce multiple small harvests) or everbearing plants (which produce 2 harvests a year) are ideal for growing in containers. While June-bearing plants can be grown, they will only produce 1 large harvest a year and often do better when grown in a garden. Start growing the strawberries in late spring or early summer. Get your starter plant or runner right before you plan to plant it. With some varieties, you may be able to get a harvest by fall. Runners can usually be kept in the fridge for a few days before planting while starter plants can survive in their pots from the nursery. Don't wait more than a few days to plant, however. Plant your strawberries after the last frost. Check growing almanacs for the last expected frost date in your area. Get a pot that is 16–18 inches (41–46 cm) wide and 8 inches (20 cm) deep. Make sure there are holes on the bottom so that water can drain from the pot. Terracotta pots, growing beds, window boxes, and hanging boxes may all work. If you decide to use a hanging box, it is important to make sure that the plant does not dry out easily. Keep the pot away from windy areas and feel the soil often to see if it is dry. Fill the pot with potting mix or compost. Use a premixed potting soil with a pH between 5.5 and 6.5 or simply use compost. Fill the pot up to about 1 inch (2.5 cm) below the top. For large and heavy pots, load the bottom of the pot with small rocks or ceramic pieces. Place landscaping fabric on top before filling with soil. This will help the container drain. It will also make the pot lighter than it would be if it was completely filled with soil, helping you move it if needed. Don't use soil from your backyard. It may not drain as easily, and it may not be the ideal pH for a strawberry plant. Transplant the strawberries into the pot. Dig a hole that is deep enough for your strawberry's roots. You can use its current nursery pot as a guide. Remove the strawberries from the pot and place them within the hole. Push dirt back over the roots to cover them. Water the soil around the strawberries. The green, thickened stem (called the crown) should sit just above the surface of the soil while the top of the roots should sit just below the surface. Space separate plants about 10–12 inches (25–30 cm) apart. If you have a large container, you can grow more than 1 strawberry plant in it. Spacing out the plants gives each plant enough room to grow. Give the strawberries about 6-10 hours of sunlight a day. It is best to set the pots outdoors during spring, summer, and fall so that they can get the most sunlight. If this is not possible, try keeping them by a very sunny window. If there is not much sunlight in your region or if you can't keep them in direct sunlight, set up a grow-light in your home. Place the strawberries plants under it for 6-10 hours a day. Remember to rotate the container every week. This will help each side of the plant get enough sunlight. Water the plant whenever the soil gets dry. Once a day, test the soil with your finger by sticking it into the soil up to the first knuckle. If it feels dry and doesn't clump, water the strawberry plant. Make sure to water near the bottom of the plant. Watering the leaves could encourage fungus to grow. It is better to water a little bit more often than it is to water the plant too much at one time. If standing water remains in the pot after you've watered, cut back on how much water you give the plants. Protect the pots from windy conditions. Wind can dry out the soil and knock the pots over, damaging your strawberries. If it gets windy where you live, keep the pots against a fence, deck, or shed. Alternatively, place stakes around the pot to keep it in place. Give the plant liquid fertilizer every 2 weeks in the spring and summer. Potted strawberries often require fertilizer because they cannot get nutrients as easily from the soil. Use a 10-10-10 fertilizer or use a special mix, such as a liquid tomato feed. Follow the instructions on the label for fertilizing your plant. Use insecticides to kill pests. If you notice holes on your leaves, discolored leaves, or nibbled berries, you may have pests eating on your berries. Insecticidal soaps or products containing neem are effective against caterpillars, thrips, and beetles. Follow the instructions on the label before using. For most pesticides, spray it directly onto the leaves, either in the early morning or evening. If birds are eating your berries, drape a net or mesh over the plant to keep them away. Kill fungus with a fungicide. Strawberries can easily develop fungus. You may notice powdery spots or discoloration on the leaves, get a fungicide from a garden store or nursery. Make sure it is labeled as safe for strawberries. Follow the instructions on the label to use. Keep potted strawberries away from tomatoes, potatoes, and eggplants, as these are common carriers of fungus that can spread to strawberries. Watering the base of the plant and not the leaves can help prevent fungus from growing. Remove any leaves with fungus to prevent it from spreading to other parts of the plant. Move the strawberry plants indoors in the winter. If you kept your strawberries outdoors, make sure to bring them in before the first frost. Check your local weather service to see when the first frost typically occurs in your area. Place the containers near a sunny window or put them under a grow light for the winter. This will ensure that they get enough sun during this time. Keep the containers in an unheated garage, basement, or room. You only need to water the plant once every 1-2 weeks. Remove the flowers that appear in the first year. Pluck or cut these flowers off to skip the first harvest and produce a stronger second harvest. If you have a day-neutral or everbearing variety, remove flowers until the end of June to get a harvest in the fall. If you have a June-bearing variety, remove all flowers in the first year. Add new soil or compost to the pot in spring. Since pots can't get nutrients from the ground, it is important to replenish the soil in the pot each year. March or April are good months to do this. If you're using small containers, like window boxes or hanging baskets, replace the soil entirely. Remove the strawberry gently from the pot, being careful not to disturb the roots. Discard any remaining soil and replace it with fresh potting soil. If you're using a large growing bed or pot, just mix fresh compost into the top layer of soil in the pot. You do not need to replace all of the soil. Get rid of runners unless you want to grow new strawberry plants. Your strawberry plant will put out long, leafless vines. Seedlings and roots will grow from these runners for new plants, but they will also divert energy away from berry production. Cut these runners off with a pair of gardening shears. If you want to grow new strawberry plants, keep the runners. Pin the small plantlet on the stalk into the soil using a hairpin or a piece of wire. Once it sprouts leaves, cut it free from the mother plant and move it to a separate container. Harvest the strawberries when they turn mostly red. Harvest all strawberries once they ripen, and don't leave any rotting berries on the bush. To pick the berries, simply twist the stem off the plant. Wash the strawberries before eating.	Buy a starter plant or runner from a nursery. Start growing the strawberries in late spring or early summer. Get a pot that is 16–18 inches (41–46 cm) wide and 8 inches (20 cm) deep. Fill the pot with potting mix or compost. Transplant the strawberries into the pot. Space separate plants about 10–12 inches (25–30 cm) apart. Give the strawberries about 6-10 hours of sunlight a day. Water the plant whenever the soil gets dry. Protect the pots from windy conditions. Give the plant liquid fertilizer every 2 weeks in the spring and summer. Use insecticides to kill pests. Kill fungus with a fungicide. Move the strawberry plants indoors in the winter. Remove the flowers that appear in the first year. Add new soil or compost to the pot in spring. Get rid of runners unless you want to grow new strawberry plants. Harvest the strawberries when they turn mostly red.
https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Fog	How to Make Fog	To make fog with dry ice, fill a large container with hot water, and use tongs or insulated gloves to add 5-10 pounds of dry ice to the water. When the dry ice comes in contact with the water, fog will form. Add more dry ice every 15 minutes, or as needed. To make fog from glycerin, mix pure glycerin with distilled water. Next, cut the top off a plastic 2-liter bottle and tape the narrow end of the bottle to a pie tin. Place the pie plate over a multi-wick candle, pour the water and glycerin mixture into the bottle, and watch the fog form.	Heat water until it's very hot, but not boiling. If your tap water is very hot, you might be able to use this water right out of the tap. You can also heat water on the stove, or fill a glass container and heat it in the microwave. The water should be hot to the touch but not quite boiling. Aim for a temperature somewhere between 120 and 180 degrees Fahrenheit (49 and 82 degrees Celsius). You can check the temperature with a kitchen thermometer. If you don't have a thermometer, hold your finger over the water to see how warm it feels. Don't touch the water, since it can burn you. Fill a glass jar with the hot water. Start by pouring in a small amount of hot water, and swirling it around the base of the jar. Next, fill the jar completely and let it sit inside for a full minute. Leave the lid off the jar. The reason to start with only a small amount of water is to prevent the glass from cracking with hot water. Make sure that you're using a canning-quality jar, such as a Mason or Ball jar. These jars are intended to be used with very hot water. Set a timer for 1 minute (or 60 seconds) while you wait. This can be a good time to retrieve a metal strainer, if you don't already have it handy. Pour out most of the water. Leave about 1 inch (2.5 cm) inside the jar. The goal is to have a very hot jar with hot water in the bottom. If you pour out too much water, you can use hot tap water to replace the water at the base of the jar because the jar itself is already hot. If you heated the water to the boiling point, you can allow it to cool a little. However, you may want to use a hot pad to protect your hand when you pour out the water. The hot jar could burn your hand. Place a metal strainer over the jar. Rest the strainer over the top of the jar so that the basket is held inside the jar. Do not let the strainer come into contact with the water itself. The strainer should rest inside the warm air of the jar, but not in the hot water. Fill the strainer with ice. Place at least three to four ice cubes inside the strainer, working quickly. Alternatively, you could put a few pieces of ice into the lid of the jar and set it atop the hot jar. If your strainer is too small to fit that many ice cubes, you could use crushed ice, instead. Watch the fog form. When cold air from the ice suddenly clashes with the warm air of the jar, rapid condensation should occur, causing fog to form inside the jar. If you have an aerosol spray, such as hairspray, a quick spray inside the jar will make the fog last longer. For colorful fog, add a few drops of food coloring to your hot water. As the jar cools, the fog will diminish. Mix pure glycerin with distilled water. You'll want to use 3 parts glycerin to 1 part water. For example, with 1/2 cup water use 1 1/2 cups of glycerin. This is known as "fog juice." Liquid glycerin can usually be found in the pharmacy section of a convenience store or grocery store. Make sure to use pure glycerin, rather than a synthetic variety. Pure glycerin is able to absorb water from the air, which is why it's used to create fog. Add fragrance oils, if desired. Scented fog can bring an additional element to your party or theatrical event. Use 1/2 tsp (0.1 oz) of scent per 1 quart (1 L) of fog juice. The oils you use should be specifically labeled as "fragrance oils." Do not use essential oils. For a spooky circus themed scent, mix together equal parts anise oil and cotton candy oil. Create a swampy scent by combining one part campfire oil with two parts rain oil and four parts rich potting soil oil. Go for a crypt themed scent by combining one part dill pickle oil with two parts potting soil oil and two parts amber oil. Theme your fog scent around the idea of a haunted hayride by combining 1 part tall grass oil with two parts cedar oil and two parts pumpkin oil. Poke several holes in the side of a metal can. The purpose of the can is to hold a metal pie plate over the candle's flame. The holes will allow air inside the can so that the flame burns freely. Never use a plastic can, as it might release toxic chemicals if it's burned. A coffee can, or a large soup can, works best. Cut the top off a plastic 2-liter (2-qt) bottle. Ask an adult for help when cutting, if necessary. You'll want the funnel part of the bottle to funnel your glycerin fog. For best results, use sharp scissors or a razor blade to cut the top 5 to 6 inches (12.7 to 15.24 cm) of a plastic soda bottle. Keep the top and discard the rest of the bottle. Be careful when using any sharp blade. Wearing protective gloves may help guard against accidental injury. Tape the narrow end of the bottle to a pie tin. Duct tape, or any strong household tape, will hold the funnel in place. A small pie tin, such as is used for a pot pie, will be sufficient for this project. The fog juice will rest against the metal of the pie tin inside the funnel to create the fog. Check to make sure that the pie tin is centered on your can, so that it's unlikely to fall off once you've added fog juice. Light the candle. Ideally, you'll have a multi-wick candle that will create an even area of heat across the breadth of the pie tin. If you don't have a multi-wick candle (a candle with more than 1 wick), use several small tea light candles to achieve the same effect. If you do use tea light candles, make sure that the candles are closely bound together so that the heat is concentrated in the same general area. Position the pie plate over the candle Make sure that the bottom of the pie plate is near the flame but not close enough to touch it. Pour the fog juice into the bottle. Add anywhere from 1 tsp (5 ml) to 1 Tbsp (15 ml) of fog juice to the heated pie plate by pouring it into the opening of the bottle top. A little fog juice will go a long way. Resist the temptation to get carried away by pouring too much fog juice in at once. You can add more fog juice as needed. Watch the fog form. The heated solution should quickly turn into fog, and the fog should burst out of the top of the bottle and flow into the room. For a interesting effect, shine colored light on the fog. If you want to create colored fog, the easiest and safest way to do this is by shining colored light directly on the fog as it flows out of the bottle top. The clear droplets from the fog will reflect the colored light. Fill a large metal or plastic container with hot water. Use 4 to 8 gallons (15.1 to 30.3 L) of hot water to maintain the fog in 15-minute bursts. Try to maintain a temperature between 120 and 180 degrees Fahrenheit (49 and 82 degrees Celsius). Additionally, boiling water is not ideal because it adds its own vapor to the dry ice fog, causing it to flow up instead of sprawling down and outward. Keep your container of water hot using a hot plate to maintain your fog for a long time. Put 5 to 10 lbs (2250 to 4500 g) dry ice in the water. Dry ice is frozen carbon dioxide, which has a much lower freezing point than water (-109.3°F or -78.5°C.) Drop the dry ice into the hot water using tongs. Typically, 1 lb (450 ml) will produce enough fog to last for 2 to 3 minutes. Hotter water will create more fog, but the hotter the water is, the faster the ice will turn to fog and the more often you will need to add more. Always handle dry ice with insulated gloves and tongs. Watch the fog form. The extremely cold temperature of dry ice will have an immediate reaction to the hot water, causing a thick cloud of fog to form. The rising steam of the hot water, together with the melting ice, creates the effect of fog. Control the direction of the fog with a small electric fan. Because fog will naturally be heavier than air, most of the fog will sink to the floor or ground unless you force it to rise with the fan. Add more dry ice as needed. Every 15 minutes or so, you'll need to add more dry ice to consistently maintain the fog effect. Smaller pieces of dry ice added to the water will maintain greater fog volume over time, rather than larger pieces that will great large bursts of fog. Try using a hot plate to keep your water from cooling off, or refresh with hot water from your kitchen. Be aware that water is likely to bubble out from the reaction of the dry ice and water. If you're making fog indoors, know that the floor is likely to become slippery wherever the fog is. Go to a hardware store for supplies. You'll need a few basic supplies to build your own fog machine. These supplies should be available at most hardware stores, and are not expensive. Unless you plan to keep your fog machine for a long time, most of these items can be repurposed for other projects. The items you'll need include: A 2-foot, 6-inch round sheet metal ductwork pipe. This is also known as a stove pipe, and this will be the container that you make your fog inside. A 25-foot length of 1/4-inch copper refrigerator tubing A 50-foot length of 3/8-inch copper refrigerator tubing A 12-foot length of 3/8-inch clear plastic tubing A 2-foot length of 1-1/2 inch pipe (used as a form, then discarded) A 2-foot length of 3-inch ABS plastic pipe (used as a form, then discarded) 4 pipe clamps for the 3/8" Clear plastic tubing 1 small submersible pump (80 gal/hour) A package of plastic wire ties An ice chest or bucket Create two soft copper coils. One coil should have a diameter of 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) and the other coil should have a diameter of 3 inches (7.6 cm). Form the coils by tightly winding soft copper refrigerator tubing around a piece of PVC pipe. You should be able to wind the copper tubing around the pipes using your hands, but if you have difficulty grasping it, you could grab the tubing using pliers. To create the inner coil, wind the 25 foot (7.6 m) copper tubing around a 2 foot (0.61 m) (61 cm) long pipe with a diameter of 1.5 inches (3.8 cm). To create the outer coil, wind the 50 feet (15.24 m) copper tubing around a 2 foot (0.61 m) (61 cm) long pipe with a diameter of 3 inches (7.6 cm). Slide the coils out of their respective tubes once created. Place the smaller coil into the larger coil. Slide the smaller coil directly inside the larger coil and secure it in place by using small wire ties. This allows the fog to pass in and around the coils, which provides the best cooling. If tying the smaller coil in place is too difficult, you can just allow the small coil to lay against the bottom of the larger one. Because the coils will need to fit inside the stove pipe, stretch them out until they roughly match the length of the pipe. Place both coils into a stovepipe. Slide the larger coil into your stovepipe, using wire ties to hold both coils in place. The goal is to have the two coils as close to the center as possible inside the larger pipe. Hanging the coils in this way allows the fog to pass in and around the coils and cool it even better. The machine will work without using the ties, but it won't work as well. Connect the coils. At one end of the chiller, connect the ends of the inner and outer coils using short pieces of plastic tubing and pipe clamps. You'll need to connect the ends of the coils on the other side of the chiller to a small submersible pump using longer pieces of plastic tubing and pipe clamps. Cold water will come from the pump, and circulate through the coils. Submerse the pump in an ice chest full of ice water. The pump should be completely submerged and there should be room for a small commercial fog machine to sit beside it. The water needs to be ice cold in order for the mechanism to work, so you may need to wait 30 minutes or so after dumping the ice in the water before you can create the cold fog. Place your fog machine into the other end of the ice chest. The spout should face outward. Turn on your pump. After a minute or so, cold water should circle through the copper tubing. Test the temperature of the copper by touching it. You should be able to feel the cold water through the sides of the copper. Follow by turning on your fog machine. Fill the fog machine with commercial fog juice and switch it on. Fog should roll out, but instead of floating up as hot fog does, it should sink to the floor thanks to the cooling mechanism.	Heat water until it's very hot, but not boiling. Fill a glass jar with the hot water. Pour out most of the water. Place a metal strainer over the jar. Fill the strainer with ice. Watch the fog form. Mix pure glycerin with distilled water. Add fragrance oils, if desired. Poke several holes in the side of a metal can. Cut the top off a plastic 2-liter (2-qt) bottle. Tape the narrow end of the bottle to a pie tin. Light the candle. Pour the fog juice into the bottle. Watch the fog form. Fill a large metal or plastic container with hot water. Put 5 to 10 lbs (2250 to 4500 g) dry ice in the water. Watch the fog form. Add more dry ice as needed. Go to a hardware store for supplies. Create two soft copper coils. Place the smaller coil into the larger coil. Place both coils into a stovepipe. Connect the coils. Submerse the pump in an ice chest full of ice water. Turn on your pump.
https://www.wikihow.com/Introduce-Your-Dog-to-Its-New-Home	How to Introduce Your Dog to Its New Home	To introduce your dog to its new home when you move, place its bed, toys, and food dishes inside before your dog arrives, if possible. Your dog will be comforted by the familiar things and smells. To get rid of unfamiliar odors from previous occupants, clean your floors and carpets with a professional-grade cleaner. You can also use a pheromone diffuser to override any unfamiliar odors and make your dog feel calmer. When your dog arrives, walk it around the house on a leash one room at a time to allow it to fully explore the whole place without getting overwhelmed or uneasy.	Place the dog's things in the home. If at all possible, put the dog's bed and toys, as well as its water and food dishes, inside the home before the dog gets there. This will let the dog know that this is its space now and it will be comforting to have familiar things and smells. Put the dog's items in locations that are similar to where they were in its old home. This will add to the dog's level of comfort. Keep the dog's belongings. When you move to a new place you should not get the dog all new toys and a new bed. The things that the dog already has have its smells all over them and they will provide it with comfort during the adjustment period. Clean your floors using a professional-grade cleaner. Rent something like a carpet shampooer or hire a cleaning company to clean your carpet before your new dog comes home. This will get rid of odors from any previous tenants or owners that could attract your new dog and encourage them to mark those areas. Consider using a pheromone diffuser. In order to make the house smell appealing to the dog, and override any smells that might be there from the last tenant, you can use a pheromone diffuser. Pheromone diffusers release a synthetic pheromone into the air that humans cannot smell but that mimics the comforting pheromones released by mother dogs when they have puppies. While pheromones don't work on all dogs, they are very helpful for calming a lot of dogs when they are stressed out. Pheromone diffusers are available at most pet stores, online, and through your veterinary office. Walk the dog around the outside of the home. In order to let the dog fully familiarize itself with its new home, let it explore the area around the home for a little while before entering it. This will help the dog assess its new domain and establish the boundaries of its new home. Have the dog go to the bathroom outside before it goes inside. This will help the dog establish its normal daily patterns at the new home quickly. If you have it go to the bathroom where you want it to go in the future, this will help that pattern occur reliably more quickly. Introduce the dog to one room at a time. It is a good idea to let the dog get to know its new home slowly. This will allow the dog to fully explore the whole place without getting overwhelmed or uneasy. Keep the dog on a leash when you bring it into the house. Let it sniff around one room at a time while you keep it on leash. Don't feel like you have to let the dog explore every room immediately. If the dog will mainly be in the living room and the kitchen, for example, just introduce those rooms and keep the rest of the home blocked off. Once the dog has thoroughly sniffed the main areas, you can let it off lease. However, you should keep an eye on it for awhile to make sure it is behaving well in the new space. Do not just let the dog run free around its new home. You don't want it getting too riled up and you want to keep normal boundaries and rules in place even at the new home. Be consistent. Don't change the dog's schedule completely just because you moved. Also, keep the rules the same. Don't change the rules just because you feel bad that the dog is having to adjust to a new home. If you can keep this stuff the same, this predictability will be a great comfort to the dog. For example: Feed the dog on the same schedule. Walk the dog on the same schedule. Go to bed at the same time. Play with the dog in the same way and at the same time as you used to. Don't allow new behaviors that weren't allowed before. Give the dog lots of attention. It's important to let the dog know that it is still important to you, despite all the changes going on. Give it your usual level of attention but its always good to give it a little more just to show it that the new home is a good place that has new and exciting perks. If you are very busy due to the move and will not be able to give the dog your usual level of attention, then have someone else care for the dog while you are moving and putting things away in your new home. That way, when you actually bring the dog to its new home you can shower it with love and attention. Be patient. It may take some time for your dog to adjust to its new surroundings. It may pace, bark, howl, or act strangely for awhile after the mover. Show it love, compassion, and understanding since the change was unexpected and happened abruptly for the dog. The dog could even begin to show behavioral problems that it never had before. If this is the case, you will need to work on the problem with training or with a professional dog behaviorist. Some common behavioral problems that can occur when a dog moves include separation anxiety and territorial issues, among others.	Place the dog's things in the home. Clean your floors using a professional-grade cleaner. Consider using a pheromone diffuser. Walk the dog around the outside of the home. Introduce the dog to one room at a time. Be consistent. Give the dog lots of attention. Be patient.
https://www.wikihow.com/Remove-Adhesive-on-Hardwood-Floor	How to Remove Adhesive on Hardwood Floor	To remove adhesive on hardwood floors, try to scrape it off with a putty knife. If the adhesive doesn't want to come off, put some dry ice in a cookie tray and slide it over each section of adhesive to make it more brittle. Then, vacuum up the glue and dispose of it according to your local guidelines. Once you've removed the glue, consider sanding the surface down to prepare it for a new coat of stain.	Do not use this method on adhesives containing asbestos. Some adhesives, such as "cut-back" adhesives and "mastic," were often mixed with asbestos up until the late 1980s, and are still occasionally used today. These adhesives were most commonly used to bond the floor to tiles or to heating and air ducts, not to carpets, and are often black in color. If you suspect your adhesive contains asbestos, do not use this method, as sanding or scraping the dry adhesive can release dangerous asbestos fibers into the air. Refer to the solvent section instead, or hire a professional to remove the asbestos. Know the benefits of this method. Chipping and scraping off the old adhesive can be tedious, although not much more so than using a solvent. The main benefit is a lower risk of discoloring the wood or clogging its pores. After using this method, it should be easy to bond a new stain or finish to the wood. However, if there is an existing finish you plan to leave on, or if you plan to cover the floor with a new carpet, the solvent method may save you some time. Note: renting a wet/dry vacuum from a tool rental service is highly recommended for quick, safe cleanup after the adhesive is removed. Use a plastic putty knife to chip off the adhesive. If you're lucky, the adhesive will chip right off when you apply pressure with a putty knife. Some areas may take more pressure than others. Only use a plastic putty knife, not metal, to avoid scratching the floor. If the adhesive only comes off in tiny chips, try making it easier to remove with dry ice as described below, or use solvents instead. Pick the widest putty knife you can find to make the task less tedious. Consider using dry ice. If you plan to apply a new stain or finish to the floor, this is your best option for making adhesive removal easier without affecting the wood pores. Place pieces of dry ice in a cookie tray and slide the tray over each section of adhesive before you chip, to make the glue brittle and easier to remove. Always follow these safety precautions before you buy dry ice: Wear thick gloves while handling dry ice, as the extreme cold can instantly cause painful skin damage. Always store and work with dry ice in a well-ventilated room, and leave immediately if you have trouble breathing. Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide, and can fill a small space with unbreathable gas. Do not store in an airtight container, which may explode as the dry ice expands into gas. Dispose of the old glue. Clean up the chips of adhesive using a wet/dry vacuum if possible, or a broom. Your local government may require you to dispose of them at a waste collection center, rather than adding it to your ordinary trash, since some adhesives contain toxic materials. However, since you did not use any solvents, you may be able to dispose of adhesives normally; contact local waste collection services to find out about local regulations. Sand the floor down (optional). The floor may need to be sanded to clear up any scuff marks caused by the carpet installation or the glue removal. Use 16 or 24 grit sandpaper, but go slowly to avoid scraping into the wood. Optionally, sand away the old finish in preparation for adding a new stain and/or finish. Sanding away the adhesive itself is not recommended, as the sandpaper will quickly get clogged and need replacing. Heat from the friction may also melt the adhesive, which can be messy. Know the risks of this method. If your adhesive is firmly bonded to the wood, solvents can be used to dissolve it into a liquid. This can soak the liquid into the pores of the wood, or even strip the old floor finish. After using this method, you may find it difficult to get a new stain or finish to bond to the hardwood floor. It is also important to wear gloves and work in a well-ventilated room, using fans if necessary, as most solvents give off toxic fumes. Any solvent can potentially discolor or damage a hardwood floor, especially if there is no protective finish. Before using any product for the first time, you may wish to test it on a portion of the floor normally under furniture, to see if it has any negative effect before using it on visible portions. Renting a wet/dry vacuum is highly recommended to make cleanup easier. Determine what kind of carpet glue was used. Carpets are usually adhered using either tar-based glue or general carpet adhesive. Tar-based products will have a color from tan to dark brown, while general carpet adhesive has a yellow appearance. The process for removing each type of glue is similar, but the product used will differ. For tar-based glues, apply mineral spirits. Mineral spirits can be purchased at a hardware store or online. They are best for removing tan, light brown, or dark brown tar-base adhesives. Apply it according to packaging instructions, or rub on using an old sponge, paintbrush, cotton pad, or even an old white cotton T-shirt. It can take considerable time to remove the adhesive, even with a solvent. Consider applying the solvent to a portion of the floor at a time, if the room is large, as you will need to apply it again anyway if the solvent dries before you can get to it. For carpet glues, use a commercial adhesive remover based on orange oil instead. Start with an adhesive remover based on orange oil, as this has the lowest risk of causing damage to your floor. Purchase a product such as Dissolve It, D'gel, or Goo Gone from a hardware store or online, and apply according to instructions. Typically, the product is wiped on with a soft cloth or an old, white cotton T-shirt. If you do not wish to use a commercial product, other options are listed at the end of this section. Wait while the solvent works on your adhesive. Different products and adhesives take different amounts of time to set, so follow the advice on the solvent label if present. The solvent should become tacky or partially liquid, but this can take anywhere from a few minutes to an hour. Scrape the glue away with a plastic putty knife. Once the mineral spirits or adhesive remover has had a chance to soak into the glue, you can begin chipping away the glue with a plastic putty knife. Do not use a metal putty knife, as it can create deep scratches in the hardwood floor. Scrub stubborn sections with additional solvent. Once you have removed the bulk of the glue with the putty knife, soak a rag or towel in the adhesive remover. Use the rag to scrub away the stubborn bits of glue that remain. Extremely stubborn areas can be scraped away with a utility knife or metal putty knife, but exercise extreme caution to avoid damaging the floors or injuring yourself. Dispose of the solvent as a hazardous material. Use a wet/dry vacuum if possible to remove the solvent quickly and safely. If you do not have access to this tool, follow the instructions on the product you are using. Once collected, material should be disposed of according to your local area's toxic waste collection legislation, never in an ordinary trash bin or by flushing down a drain. Try other solvents if the attempt was unsuccessful. If your adhesive is especially difficult to remove, or you do not have access to the solvents listed above, you may try another material, or reapply the same material in the spots where adhesive remains. Testing for possible floor damage in an unobtrusive corner is a recommended first step. Here are some common solvents used for this purpose: Yellow carpet glues can be removed by applying vegetable oil with a soft cloth, but this can stain floors without a protective finish. Try a little WD40 worked in using a cotton rag, and left to soak for 15-30 minutes. Overuse carries a high risk of causing discoloration or damage. Denatured alcohol has a high risk of damage, but may be worth trying in small quantities for patches of stubborn adhesives. Commercial paint remover is usually effective, but can easily damage hardwood floors. Remove traces of toxic materials (optional). If you have pets or young children in your house, this step is recommended to remove traces of the solvent from your floor. Simply rub the floor with mild detergent, using a wet cloth. If there is a lingering smell on your floor, apply a mix of apple cider vinegar and water to remove it. Keep in mind that water will probably cause damage to your hardwood floor if a protective finish is not present, or has been stripped away by the solvent. Let the hardwood floor dry for 24 hours. After all the glue has been removed, allow the floor to dry for at least 24 hours. Leave the windows open in the room to ensure good ventilation. The floor is now ready to be used, or to have a protective finish applied over it. Sandpaper may be helpful if there are a few small pieces of adhesive, or if the solvent has partially dissolved the floor finish and the rest needs to be removed before the new finish is applied.	Do not use this method on adhesives containing asbestos. Know the benefits of this method. Use a plastic putty knife to chip off the adhesive. Consider using dry ice. Dispose of the old glue. Sand the floor down (optional). Know the risks of this method. Determine what kind of carpet glue was used. For tar-based glues, apply mineral spirits. For carpet glues, use a commercial adhesive remover based on orange oil instead. Wait while the solvent works on your adhesive. Scrape the glue away with a plastic putty knife. Scrub stubborn sections with additional solvent. Dispose of the solvent as a hazardous material. Try other solvents if the attempt was unsuccessful. Remove traces of toxic materials (optional). Let the hardwood floor dry for 24 hours.
https://www.wikihow.com/Adjust-Seating-to-the-Proper-Position-While-Driving	How to Adjust Seating to the Proper Position While Driving	To adjust your seating to the proper position while driving, start by sliding your seat until your knees are slightly bent when you're pressing the gas pedal. Additionally, make sure there's a gap 2 fingers wide between the back of your knee and the edge of your seat. Next, raise your seat height to where your hips are level with your knees. Then, adjust the backrest so that it's reclined at about a 100 degree angle. You should also adjust the headrest so that the top of your head is level with the top of the headrest.	Slide your seat until your knees are slightly bent when you're pressing the gas. Move your seat forward if your legs are completely extended when you press the gas pedal. Move your seat back if your legs are bent too much. Keeping your knees slightly bent while you drive will prevent knee pain. Sit so there's a gap 2 fingers wide between the back of your knee and the seat. Place 2 fingers between the edge of your seat and the back of your knee. If you can't fit both fingers in the gap, slide your seat back until you're able to. Raise your seat up until your hips are level with your knees. Raise the seat higher if you can't see clearly out the windshield or windows. Don't drive with your hips lower than your knees. If your car doesn't have a control to adjust the seat height, sit on a cushion to help keep your hips level with your knees. Make sure you're not elevated too much or you'll have to bend down to look out the windshield or windows. Adjust the backrest so it’s reclined at about a 100 degree angle. Sitting reclined at this angle will decrease pressure on your lower back so you're more comfortable. If your shoulders lift from the backrest when you turn the steering wheel, your seat is reclined too much. Move the backrest up more if you are hunched forward when driving. When the backrest is in the proper position, you should easily be able to reach the wheel, and your elbows should be slightly bent. Move the headrest so the back of your head is centered in the middle. If your head is above the headrest when you're sitting in your seat, move the headrest up. If the back of your head is exposed below the headrest, move the headrest down. Ideally, the top of your head should be level with the top of the headrest. Adjust the lumbar support so it fits in the curve of your lower back. The lumbar support is the raised portion of the lower backrest. First, adjust the height of the lumbar support so the bottom edge is level with your waistline. Then adjust the depth of the support so it completely fills in the curve of your lower back. If your seat doesn't have lumbar support, roll up a towel and put it in the curve of your back while you're driving. You can also buy an attachable foam support to use in place of lumbar support if your seat doesn't have it. Sit with your body all the way back in your seat. Your back should be pressed against the backrest, and your bottom should be as far back in your seat as possible. Avoid driving with your body scorched forward; if you can't reach the pedals or steering wheel, adjust your seat, not your body. Hold the steering wheel at a “9 and 3” position. Imagine the steering wheel is the face of a clock. Place your left hand where 9 o'clock would be on the clock. Place your right hand where 3 o'clock would be on the clock. Maintaining this grip will give you the most control over the wheel. Always drive with both hands on the wheel. Driving with one hand twists your spine, which can lead to back pain. Keep your left foot on the footrest when you’re not using it. If you're driving a manual car, only move your left foot when you're using the clutch. If you're driving an automatic, you should never move your left foot from the footrest. Keeping your left foot flat on the footrest will help support your back and pelvis while you're driving. Wear your seat belt so the strap goes across your pelvis. Don't wear the strap that stretches across your lap over your stomach. In case of an accident, you want the strap to catch onto your pelvic bone, not your stomach.	Slide your seat until your knees are slightly bent when you're pressing the gas. Sit so there's a gap 2 fingers wide between the back of your knee and the seat. Raise your seat up until your hips are level with your knees. Adjust the backrest so it’s reclined at about a 100 degree angle. Move the headrest so the back of your head is centered in the middle. Adjust the lumbar support so it fits in the curve of your lower back. Sit with your body all the way back in your seat. Hold the steering wheel at a “9 and 3” position. Keep your left foot on the footrest when you’re not using it. Wear your seat belt so the strap goes across your pelvis.
https://www.wikihow.com/Become-an-Administrative-Assistant	How to Become an Administrative Assistant	To become an administrative assistant, you may want to take a keyboarding course online to improve your typing speed and accuracy, which will help you stand out as an applicant. You should also familiarize yourself with programs like Microsoft Office Word, Excel, and Power Point since you'll likely be using them when you're an administrative assistant. If you want to be an administrative assistant in a specific industry, like a medical or legal administrative assistant, take time to educate yourself on the practices and terminology used in that industry.	Graduate from high school. A high school diploma and a little training is all you need to become an administrative assistant. It is not necessary to have a college degree, but a little training from a technical school or community college can give you the extra edge to appeal to a potential employer. Increase your typing speed and accuracy by taking a keyboarding course. Courses in keyboarding are available at technical, vocational schools, community colleges and online. The goal is to learn how to touch-type, which will allow you to read text and type it into the computer without having to look at the keyboard. You will also learn how to create, edit and save documents. Timers will help you increase and accurately count how many words you can type per minute, which is often important to your employer when interviewing for an administrative assistant position. Train for the specifics of your industry. If you are looking to be an administrative assistant in a specific industry, it is helpful to educate yourself on the practices and terminology which may be used in that industry. For example, medical industry professionals and legal secretaries need to know the terminology and codes based on the field of work. Learn informational technology, or IT. An IT course will be incredibly helpful in learning different software programs you will be expected to use as an administrative assistant. Computer technology is expanding and increasing all of the time. Keep up with the changes by taking an IT course at a local community college or technical school. Become familiar with the programs included in the Microsoft Office Suite. Focus specifically on Word for word processing, Excel for spreadsheets and Power Point for presentations. Prepare to learn on the job. Much of the training you will need will happen in the office after you start. Be prepared for a learning curve the first couple of months after you start your new job as an administrative assistant. Each office is different and will have particular styles, needs and expectations. Have patience and be open to instruction and corrections. Ask questions and follow up by asking if your work is meeting expectations. Ask what you can do to improve your work. Set a check-in meeting with your boss for a few months after your start date to assess your training on the job and track your improvement. Create a resume. Your resume should be well-organized and concise. It should lay out your name and contact information followed by your experience, your skills, and your training. Make sure it is easy to read by creating clear, organized sections and columns within each section. List all software programs you can use proficiently. Don't forget to include volunteer work which may not seem like it directly relates to the office work, but shows your altruism and proves that you are trustworthy. Double and triple check for grammar and spelling mistakes. This is especially important when applying for this position, which will involve you communicating efficiently and correctly through written word and memos. Write a cover letter expressing your interest in the position and highlighting the skills which make you excel at the job. Mention any experience and courses you have taken to prepare for the position, but also make the letter personalized to the office where you are applying. Tell them what you appreciate about their specific business. Don't forget to include things which may be missing from your resume, like your trustworthiness, ability to quickly learn on the job, and active communication skills. Network with others in the field to increase your chances of being hired. Having someone in the office who can recommend you personally will give you an edge over a perfect stranger to the team. Even speaking to others in the field gives you a better understanding of a day in the life of an administrative assistant, as well as the expectations and tips to get ahead. Someone may even point you toward a job opening. Your immediate network can connect you with their network. For example, the coach or your child's soccer team can connect you with the other parents. Let people know that you are looking for a job as an administrative assistant. Talk about it with friends and family or on social media and ask to be connected with others in the field. Submit your cover letter and resume to companies which interest you. You can submit your resume online through sites like Monster, Indeed, and CareerBuilder. Find companies which really interest you and apply to those first. The more you are passionate about the company, the more likely you will project a positivity and passion for the position. Using these online sites will be the first step in proving your technical prowess. Take your time and make sure that you are navigating the site and using its features effectively. Create a profile on LinkedIn. Continue updating the profile as you take more courses or gain experience. Put yourself out there by applying in person. While applying online and having an updated online presence can show you're tech savvy, applying in person can make sure you actually get in the door. Choose one or two places where you would really like to work, go there during business hours, and hand your resume over in person. Have a positive and energetic presence while you are in the office. Show them your personality and smile at everyone you meet. The employers will likely still want a digital version of your resume. Follow up by also submitting your resume through their online system or in an email. Project your honesty and integrity. You may be expected to handle sensitive, personal and private information in this position. This could include medical records, legal documents, and personal identifying information such as social security numbers and bank account information. Prove to your potential employer that you can be trusted with this information. List experience on your resume which shows your altruism, like volunteering work you have done to help others. Provide personal and professional reference your potential employer can call to learn more about your trustworthiness and ethics. Communicate effectively within your professional environment. Administrative assistants are expected to interact with other office workers and clients of the company. Work on communicating in a way which is effective, personable and creates a positive atmosphere. Interact in a positive and friendly manner with everyone you are exposed to in the office. This includes anyone you meet before and after the interview. Be an active listener. Focus on what others are saying without interrupting. Repeat back some of what they have said to let them know you understand what they want. Don't allow the stress of the interview to take over. Use stalling tactics until you can calm yourself. Another option is to insert some humor into the conversation to cut through the tension. Find a place for everything. A big part of the job of administrative assistant is organization. This includes files and folders, data, and schedules. Learn to keep yourself organized and show it when you go into an interview. Be on time. Bring a planner. Have your resume, reference letters and any other paperwork organized in a folder and know where to access it. Show organization and planning skills with simple preparation like bringing your own pen. Create an organizational system. Take your resources, assess the performance capacity you have based on people power, budget, and materials. Take actions within your resources to create the outcome and output you desire. Gather feedback from your clients, community or staff and adjust your strategy accordingly. This is a basic diagram for creating an organizational system, which can be applied in multiple circumstances. Use this system to keep your job applications organized and improve your future interviews through feedback from your past interviews. Learn the resources and system of the office you are applying at and don't be afraid to suggest some changes to improve the outcome and output of their current system.	Graduate from high school. Increase your typing speed and accuracy by taking a keyboarding course. Train for the specifics of your industry. Learn informational technology, or IT. Prepare to learn on the job. Create a resume. Write a cover letter expressing your interest in the position and highlighting the skills which make you excel at the job. Network with others in the field to increase your chances of being hired. Submit your cover letter and resume to companies which interest you. Put yourself out there by applying in person. Project your honesty and integrity. Communicate effectively within your professional environment. Find a place for everything. Create an organizational system.
https://www.wikihow.com/Get-Rid-of-a-Stomach-Virus	How to Get Rid of a Stomach Virus	To get rid of stomach virus symptoms while you wait for the virus to run its course, try drinking some ginger ale or tea since ginger can help alleviate nausea. If your stomach muscles are hurting from being sick, try laying a warm towel or heating pad over your stomach for some relief. Also, try to drink as much water as you can, even if you can only get down some ice chips, since dehydration can make you feel worse while you're sick.	Drink a little bit at least once an hour. Vomiting and diarrhea can dehydrate you fast, so you need plenty of fluids to stay hydrated. However, don't take big gulps all at once, especially if you're nauseous. This could make you vomit again. Instead, take small sips consistently, every 30-60 minutes. This helps keep you hydrated without making your nausea worse. Good drink choices include water, juice, sports drinks, and seltzer. Try to avoid very sugary drinks like soda. These might taste good, but they can make your vomiting and diarrhea worse. Sip on fizzy drinks if they make you less nauseous. Try drinking seltzer or ginger ale to stay hydrated and settle your stomach. You might find this more soothing than flat drinks. Suck on ice cubes if you have trouble keeping fluids down. If you're very nauseous and can't keep any fluids down, then this is a good trick. Try sucking on some ice cubes to stay hydrated. This gives you a little bit of water at a time and should avoid overwhelming your stomach. Be careful not to bite down on big ice cubes. This could hurt your teeth, and you only want to deal with one problem at a time! Switch to a sports drink if you’ve been sick for a few hours. If you've vomited or had diarrhea over several hours, then you're probably low on sodium and electrolytes. This puts you at a higher risk for dehydration. Try switching to a sports drink like Gatorade to replace lost electrolytes. Older children can have sports drinks too, but give younger children an electrolyte replacement drink like Pedialyte instead. There are also electrolyte replacement ice pops available in supermarkets. This is a good choice for younger children who don't want to drink the formula. Avoid milk, caffeine, or alcohol until you’re feeling better. These drinks could all upset your stomach or dehydrate you more. Skip them until your virus passes to avoid any further problems. If you have a serious stomach virus, it's possible that you'll have problems tolerating dairy even after the virus passes. This is normal, and should pass within a month. Start eating when you feel up to it. A stomach virus can really zap your appetite, especially if you've been vomiting a lot. Don't force yourself to eat if you're not feeling up to it. When your nausea improves a little, then you can try to eat again. Remember that you should still be drinking, even if you're feeling nauseous. It's more important to get enough fluids than to eat. It's possible that you'll still have diarrhea after the nausea and vomiting pass. It's okay to start eating even if you have diarrhea, as long as you don't feel like food will make you nauseous. Stick with bland foods to settle your stomach. Even if the nausea is passing, it's still normal to feel queasy for a few hours or days after the virus is completely gone. To avoid more vomiting, stick with bland, plain foods that are easy to digest. When the queasiness is totally gone, you can switch back to your normal diet. Good foods that shouldn't make you nauseous include crackers, bread, toast, plain cereal, bananas, rice, and chicken. Stick with these until the queasiness is gone. Don't overeat either. Even if you eat bland foods, eating too much could trigger more nausea. Stick with small meals and bites. Have broth to help keep yourself hydrated. This is easy to digest and, as an added bonus, helps keep you hydrated as well. If your appetite is coming back, some broth might help you feel better. Stop eating if you start feeling nauseous again. It's normal for your nausea to come back from time to time while you're recovering, even if you were feeling better. If you're eating and feel nauseous again, stop eating. This could head off your nausea and prevent further vomiting. You have a better chance of avoiding more nausea if you stick with bland foods like bread or plain rice. When your nausea passes again, try having another meal with these bland ingredients. Keep your portions small as well. If you're eating too much, your nausea could come back too. Rest until you’re feeling better. Stomach viruses are extremely draining, and you probably won't feel like doing much for a few days while you recover. This is fine and normal. Stay home from work or school and take a few days to let the virus pass. In the meantime, keep eating plain foods and drinking plenty of fluids to help yourself get better. In most cases, the worst symptoms of the virus only last 1 day. You can probably start returning to your normal activities the following day, although you'll still feel pretty run down. See your doctor if you’ve been vomiting for 2 days. Excessive vomiting could be dangerous, and might be a symptom of a different health issue. If your vomiting hasn't gotten better within 2 days, then call your doctor and see what you should do next. If your vomiting is so bad that you haven't kept any liquids down for 24 hours, then call your doctor as well. You're at a high risk for dehydration. If your baby is sick, call your pediatrician if they've been vomiting for a few hours straight. Call your doctor if you see blood in your vomit or stool at any point. These could be serious symptoms, so don't delay in contacting your doctor. If at any point you see blood in your vomit or stool, even if it's only once, call your doctor and see what you should do next. Go to the hospital if you’re showing signs of dehydration. Even if you drink consistently, it's possible that you'll still end up dehydrated after a bad stomach virus. If you show signs of dehydration, then go to the emergency room for treatment. The doctors there will give you an IV to hydrate you and get you feeling normal again. Symptoms of dehydration include dark urine, excessive thirst, dry mouth, infrequent urinating, weakness, and dizziness or lightheadedness. An early sign of dehydration is dark yellow urine, so if your urine looks too dark, try to drink more before the dehydration looks worse. Take anti-nausea or antidiarrheal medication if your doctor tells you to. While these medications may seem like an easy fix, doctors don't always recommend them if you have a stomach virus. Vomiting and diarrhea are awful to deal with, but they help flush the virus out of your system. If you take medications to stop either of these, the virus won't pass as quickly. Talk to your doctor and only take medications if they tell you to. Doctors usually won't recommend these medications for children. Antibiotics won't help to get rid of a stomach virus, so doctors won't even try these.	Drink a little bit at least once an hour. Sip on fizzy drinks if they make you less nauseous. Suck on ice cubes if you have trouble keeping fluids down. Switch to a sports drink if you’ve been sick for a few hours. Avoid milk, caffeine, or alcohol until you’re feeling better. Start eating when you feel up to it. Stick with bland foods to settle your stomach. Have broth to help keep yourself hydrated. Stop eating if you start feeling nauseous again. Rest until you’re feeling better. See your doctor if you’ve been vomiting for 2 days. Call your doctor if you see blood in your vomit or stool at any point. Go to the hospital if you’re showing signs of dehydration. Take anti-nausea or antidiarrheal medication if your doctor tells you to.
https://www.wikihow.com/Know-if-You%27re-Adopted-or-Not	How to Know if You're Adopted or Not	To know if you're adopted or not, look for family photos from when you were young to see how far back the photos go. You can also order a copy of your birth record by contacting your secretary of state's office, which will tell you where you were born and who your biological parents are. If you're at a family event and you hear people talking about your parents or your childhood, listen carefully to see if they say anything about adoption. Alternatively, go online to find a DNA test like Family Finder. If you can get a parent or other family member to do it too, compare your results to see how close your DNA is.	Understand that your feelings are normal. Wanting to know your origins isn't a sign of disloyalty to your family, whether they're your birth family or adoptive. It is very common for adoptees to want to understand their personal histories, and research suggests that this knowledge can improve a person's well-being. Explore why this has become an important issue for you. Has some particular event or experience prompted to you ask these questions? Have you always felt a little different from the rest of your family? It's natural as you grow up to feel somewhat disconnected from your parents, or to feel sometimes as though you have nothing in common with them. It's also common to feel like you are different or an outsider during adolescence. While these feelings may be stronger for adoptive children, almost everyone experiences them at some point. Ask yourself some questions about what you want. Do you want simply to know whether or not you were adopted? Do you want the story of how you came to be adopted? Do you want to search for your biological parents? Do you want to contact your biological relatives, or do you just want to know who they are? Understanding what you want from the situation will help you as you talk with your family. Understand that adoption is often still stigmatized. While the number of “open” adoptions (adoptions with some level of contact between the biological and adoptive families) has risen dramatically over the past few years, many people still feel uncomfortable talking about adoption with their children or with other adults. Even if your family wants to talk to you about this issue, they may not know how. Stigma is particularly likely if the adoption occurred under certain circumstances, such as a teenaged mother giving up her child for adoption or an intra-family adoption. Approach your parents with your questions. This is an obvious step, but it can be very difficult. Keep your parents' feelings in mind as you ask questions, but be open with them about your feelings too. It's probably a good idea to approach your parents first, if they are still living, rather than going to other family members. Many family members may wish to respect your parents' wishes and could feel uncomfortable sharing information with you if you haven't talked with your parents first. Choose an appropriate time for your conversation. Once you've gathered your information, you may feel overwhelmed by the need to ask your questions, but wait for an appropriate time. Avoid bringing up this sensitive topic after a fight, for example, or when someone is sick or tired. Ideally, everyone should feel calm and relaxed. Create a “cheat sheet. ” Adoption is a very sensitive subject and is likely to provoke emotional responses in everyone. Writing down some of your questions and ideas beforehand will help you determine what you want to say and how you want to say it, and it can help you avoid hurting anyone's feelings. Begin by telling your family that you love them but you have some questions. Some parents don't discuss adoption with their child because they are afraid that their interest in their biological family will damage the family. Opening by affirming your love for your parents will help prevent them from feeling defensive or attacked. Be honest with your family. Explain to your parents what has led you to think that you may be adopted. Try to avoid using accusations or definitive statements such as “I know I'm adopted because my eyes are blue.” Start with general questions. Understand that this discussion may be very difficult for your parents, especially if they have waited a long time to share this information with you. Pressing for too much information too quickly could overwhelm them. Try asking questions that prompt discussion, such as “What can you tell me about where I come from?” Keep your questions and statements open-ended and non-judgmental. A question such as “Would you like to talk with me about where I come from?” may meet with a better reaction than “Why didn't you tell me I was adopted?” Try to avoid using words like “real” when asking about your origins. Questions such as “Who were my real parents?” can make your adoptive parents feel devalued or hurt. Avoid judgment as much as possible. It's natural to feel confused or even hurt about discovering you were adopted, particularly if your parents have kept that information from you for a long time. However, it's important that you avoid being judgmental or angry with them, as this will only hinder clear and honest communication between you. Reiterate your connection with your adoptive family. You don't have to constantly reassure your family that you appreciate them, but offering an example or two of something that makes you feel connected to them can help let your family know that you aren't looking to replace them. Many adoptees say that they feel that their personal values, sense of humor, and goals were shaped by their adoptive parents, so these could be a good place to start. Read the situation. The adoption conversation can be a very hard conversation to have, and you may not learn everything you want to know immediately. If your parents are visibly uncomfortable or become upset, try saying something like “I can see that this question may have upset you. Would you prefer to talk about this later?” Don't assume that silence means that your family doesn't want to talk about your adoption. They may just need a few minutes to figure out how to approach the subject. Be patient. If your family kept information about your adoption from you, even for just a few years, it may be very difficult for them to overcome their fear and anxiety about discussing it. It may take several talks before you reach a point where you can learn what you want to know. Consider seeing a family therapist. Many therapists are specifically trained to help adoptive families overcome issues and challenges unique to adoption situations, and seeing one doesn't mean your family is broken. A family therapist may be able to help your family talk about adoption in a helpful, healthy way. Talk with other family members. You can ask other people in your family about your adoption and your connection with them using similar techniques to those above. You may even discover a deeper emotional connection with them now that they know you know your whole story. Study genetic traits and recessive and dominant genes. Your genetic makeup determines many aspects of your appearance, such as hair color and texture, eye color, freckles, height, and build. Discuss any obvious disparity with your parents. Consider that intra-family adoptions may mean you have physical traits in common with other family members. You may have been adopted from another family member such as an aunt or cousin who couldn't care for you. Your genetic traits will also help to determine your risk for certain diseases and medical conditions, although your environment (health care, diet, fitness, etc.) also has a significant effect. Knowing your personal history will help you and your doctor make informed healthcare choices. While “race” is not considered a biological construct by most scientists, people with similar genetic backgrounds often share similar risk rates for developing medical conditions. For example, individuals of African and Mediterranean descent are at higher risk of developing sickle-cell disease than others, and individuals of European descent are much more likely to develop cystic fibrosis than those of Asian descent. It can be useful to know whether you should exercise particular care to lessen any potential risk factors you may have. Understand common myths about genetic traits. While your genes do determine many things about you, from your hair color to your blood type, there are many widely held misconceptions about how genetics determine your physical appearance. Understanding these misconceptions will help you draw more accurate conclusions about yourself. Eye color is not determined by a single gene, and there are approximately nine categories of eye color. Two blue-eyed parents can have a brown-eyed child, and vice versa (although brown-eyed babies born to blue-eyed parents is not common, simply possible). Eye color can also change, especially in infants: many babies are born blue-eyed but develop different eye colors as they age, so any judgments made based on eye color are very unreliable if made before a child's eye color has developed. “Attached” vs. “free” earlobes are actually two places on a much larger continuum. While there is some family influence on earlobe type, it is not a reliable marker of genetic inheritance. The ability to “roll” your tongue is linked to genetic inheritance, but can vary widely even within families. Even some twins have different tongue-rolling capacities! It is not a reliable marker of genetic inheritance. Left-handedness tends to run in families, but it isn't a certainty. In fact, even some identical twins can have different dominant hands! Which hand is your dominant hand is likely affected by a variety of genes and your environment, rather than a single gene. Pay attention to conversations taking place within your extended family. While snooping or prying is probably a bad idea, you may learn something about your origins by listening to how your extended family talks about things such as your childhood. Look through family records and photos. If you have a hunch that you may have been adopted, look through family photo albums and documents to see what pictures exist of you and when they may have been taken. Documents related to your medical history may also contain clues. Research your birth records. If you have a good idea where you were born, you can write to the appropriate agency to request a copy of your birth certificate. Many places also keep public adoption registries that you can search. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention maintains a database of vital records agencies in all American states and territories; if you were born outside of the United States you will need to look for an office of “vital records” or something similar. All states keep records of births, deaths, and marriages that occur in their state. They may be held by the Secretary of State's office or the Department of Health in your state. Many online databases also hold these records, although they may charge a fee. Realize that public records research can be frustrating and incomplete. The information you find is only as good as the information you start with. If you've been given the wrong birth parent name, wrong city, etc. you could be in for a very long and difficult process. Errors happen with data. Talk to friends who are adopted. Chances are, you know someone who was adopted. Talking with them can help you understand how they learned they were adopted and what they did afterward. Friends may also be able to offer you advice on how to bring your questions to your family. Contact family friends or neighbors. Thanks to social media, it is now very easy to get in touch with people from your past even if you can't visit your childhood home in person. Understand, though, that people may not feel comfortable discussing their knowledge of your family with you. Explain to them why you want to know, but don't press them for information if they seem reluctant. Join an adoption support group in your area. Many people go through the process of discovering that they're adopted and dealing with that information every year. A support group of other adoptees may be able to offer you advice and resources for your own search, as well as help you handle the process emotionally. Have a DNA test done. DNA sampling can track your genetic markers and compare them to those of other family members. You can visit a genetic specialist, or you can use a mail-order test like the “Family Finder” test. For this option, though, you will need to get another close relative (a parent, sibling, or first cousin) to agree to have a test done so that you have a point of comparison. If you buy a DNA test online, go with a reputable provider. The three biggest providers of online DNA testing are Ancestry.com, 23 and me, and FamilyTreeDNA. These companies also often maintain large databases of other individuals who have had these tests and can compare your DNA to theirs. Understand how DNA testing works. A DNA test can offer you clues to your genetic identity, but it is often limited in its effectiveness without a large pool for comparison. If you are having a DNA test done without the participation of another family member, your information may be less useful. There are 3 basic kinds of DNA tests: mitochondrial (inherited maternal DNA), Y-line (inherited paternal DNA, but only works for males), and autosomal (inherited relations to others such as cousins). Autosomal DNA tests may be the best option for adoptees, as they can connect your genetics to a wider network of people. A DNA test can verify whether or not you are biologically related to your immediate family, usually through mitochondrial DNA. However, it is less likely to be able to connect you to another family if your genetics don't match your own family's. Register with a reputable adoption reunion registry. The International Soundex Reunion Registry and Adoption.com are both considered reputable, reliable registries for individuals who are seeking to reunite with their biological families. Contact a private investigator who specializes in adoption cases. This option can be very expensive, so it is usually reserved for once you know you've been adopted but can't locate your birth parents or information about them. Look for an investigator in your hometown as they are probably familiar with the town's record archives.	Understand that your feelings are normal. Explore why this has become an important issue for you. Ask yourself some questions about what you want. Understand that adoption is often still stigmatized. Approach your parents with your questions. Choose an appropriate time for your conversation. Create a “cheat sheet. Begin by telling your family that you love them but you have some questions. Be honest with your family. Start with general questions. Keep your questions and statements open-ended and non-judgmental. Avoid judgment as much as possible. Reiterate your connection with your adoptive family. Read the situation. Be patient. Consider seeing a family therapist. Talk with other family members. Study genetic traits and recessive and dominant genes. Understand common myths about genetic traits. Pay attention to conversations taking place within your extended family. Look through family records and photos. Research your birth records. Realize that public records research can be frustrating and incomplete. Talk to friends who are adopted. Contact family friends or neighbors. Join an adoption support group in your area. Have a DNA test done. Understand how DNA testing works. Register with a reputable adoption reunion registry. Contact a private investigator who specializes in adoption cases.
https://www.wikihow.com/Apply-a-Keratin-Treatment	How to Apply a Keratin Treatment	To apply your own keratin treatment at home, start by purchasing a treatment kit without formaldehyde, which is toxic and not recommended for home use. Before using your kit, wash your hair with a clarifying shampoo so your hair will evenly absorb the treatment. Blow dry your hair afterwards until it's completely dry, then divide it into 4 to 8 sections. From here, follow the instructions on your kit to mix your treatment and apply it to each section of your hair. Once all your hair is coated with the treatment, cover it with a shower cap and let the product sit for the recommended amount of time. When your time is up, remove the shower cap and blow dry your hair without rinsing out the product. Finish by using a flat iron to make your hair straight and smooth.	Choose between DIY or a salon treatment. You can expect to pay between $100 and $450 for a single keratin treatment at a salon. Doing a keratin treatment yourself won't give you custom results, since at-home treatments don't evaluate your individual hair type. At-home treatments tend to be less damaging, but also shorter lasting. For example, if you have a light hair color, a salon professional can adjust the formula so that the tonality of your shade doesn't change. If you decide to go with a stylist, schedule a consultation first so they can determine the appropriate formula for your hair. Check reviews. Whether you opt for a salon or an at-home kit, make sure to go online and read user reviews before committing. Prioritize quality over looking for a good deal. If you know someone who's had a keratin treatment, ask them for a referral, including brand of solution and salon/stylist, if applicable. Understand the process. “Keratin” doesn't actually smooth hair; the treatment does. During the treatment, a keratin hair straightening product is applied to your hair and the heat of a flat iron is used to seal it in. This results in smoother, straighter hair. Stay away from formaldehyde releasing treatments. Some keratin treatments contain ingredients that release formaldehyde. Formaldehyde is a chemical that can cause health problems, such as eye and nasal irritation, allergic reactions of the skin, eyes and lungs, and can even cause cancer. Other treatments use alternatives to formaldehyde. Check the product label or ask a salon professional if you want to ensure that the treatment is formaldehyde-free. Since formaldehyde is used in higher amounts in salons, it can be hazardous to those who work with it often. DMDM hydantoin, glyoxal, imidazolidinyl urea, diazolidinyl urea, methyl glycol, polyoxymethylene urea, quaternium-15, and sodium hydroxymethylglycinate are all formaldehyde releaser chemicals that may be found in hair care products. Treatments without toxic chemicals are not as effective at softening the curl pattern of hair. Wash your hair with an anti-residue shampoo. Massage the shampoo into your hair and work up a lather. Let it sit for three to five minutes, then rinse it out. Apply the shampoo one more time. Make sure to rinse it completely out of your hair afterwards. Anti-residue shampoo is formulated to remove buildup from your tresses, such as from conditioners or styling products. This will prepare your hair to evenly absorb the keratin treatment. Anti-residue shampoo is sometimes called “clarifying shampoo.” Blow dry your hair until it’s completely dry. Run your hands through your hair as you blow dry on a medium heat setting. Make sure that your hair is entirely dry, unless your product's directions state otherwise. A Brazilian treatment requires your hair to be slightly damp (85-90% dry) whereas a keratin treatment requires fully dry hair. Since the terms “Brazilian” and “keratin” (as they relate to hair treatments) are sometimes used interchangeably, it's important to check with your product's instructions. Part your hair into sections. Using a hair pick or comb, make a part down the middle of your hair. Clip up your hair into four to eight sections (depending on how much hair you have). Make sure to clip each section tightly so that it stays secure during the process. Follow all product instructions exactly. The brand and type of treatment you choose should provide you with precise instructions on how to apply your keratin treatment. Make sure to read and follow all directions and safety precautions. If your product instructions differ from these instructions, always follow the directions provided by the manufacturer of your product. Apply the product evenly to your hair. Wear gloves and old clothing or a smock. Take a section of your hair and apply the treatment product, starting with a small amount and increasing until the hair is coated but not overly saturated. Use a fine-tooth comb or a hair coloring brush to work the product into each section, from your roots to ends. Clip up each section when you finish it. Let the product sit for twenty to thirty minutes, or as instructed. Cover your hair with a shower cap. Allow the product to remain on your hair as long as the directions require. Dry your hair. Remove your hair cap and clips. Don't rinse out the product unless the instructions advise you to do so. Blow dry your hair with the product still in. Use the hot or cold setting on your blow drier, depending on which one your product recommends. Straighten your hair with a flat iron. Set the flat iron to the temperature recommended by the product instructions for your particular hair type. When your flat iron reaches the correct temperature, straighten your hair in small sections (about one to two inches thick). You may want to clip up sections of your hair beforehand or as you finish straightening them. Using a flat iron that is too hot may scorch your hair and cause breakage. Don’t wash your hair for at least three days. Washing your hair too soon will shorten the life of your keratin treatment. If you can wait a week before getting your hair wet, even better! Try using a dry shampoo if the lack of lathering your locks is bothering you. Don’t use hair ties for at least 48 hours. Avoid using any ponytail holders such as elastics or even hair clips, if possible. Try a fabric bandanna if you want to keep your hair out of your face. Using hair ties or clips may cause a crease in your hair. However, this may not be the case if you wear a hair tie loosely. Avoid heat and certain hair products. Your keratin treatment may last longer if you avoid styling or drying your hair with heat. Wash your hair sparingly – as needed – with shampoo only (skip conditioner). Use a sulfate-free shampoo.	Choose between DIY or a salon treatment. Check reviews. Understand the process. Stay away from formaldehyde releasing treatments. Wash your hair with an anti-residue shampoo. Blow dry your hair until it’s completely dry. Part your hair into sections. Follow all product instructions exactly. Apply the product evenly to your hair. Let the product sit for twenty to thirty minutes, or as instructed. Dry your hair. Straighten your hair with a flat iron. Don’t wash your hair for at least three days. Don’t use hair ties for at least 48 hours. Avoid heat and certain hair products.
https://www.wikihow.com/Remember-the-Trigonometric-Table	How to Remember the Trigonometric Table	To remember the trigonometric table, use the acronym "SOHCAHTOA," which stands for "Sine opposite hypotenuse, cosine adjacent hypotenuse, tangent opposite adjacent. For example, if you wanted to calculate the sine of an angle or triangle, you'd know that sine is "sine opposite hypotenuse" based on "SOHCAHTOA." Therefore, you would just divide the opposite side of the triangle by the hypotenuse to get the sine.	Create a blank trigonometry table. Draw your table to have 6 rows and 6 columns. In the first column, write down the trigonometric ratios (sine, cosine, tangent, cosecant, secant, and cotangent). In the first column, write down the angles commonly used in trigonometry (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°). Leave the other entries in the table blank. Sine, cosine, and tangent are the more commonly used trigonometric ratios, although you should also learn cosecant, secant, and cotangent to have an in-depth knowledge of the trigonometric table. Fill in the values for the sine column. Use the expression √x/2 to fill in the blank entries in this column. The x value should be that of the angle listed on the left-hand side of the table. Use this formula to calculate the sine values for 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° and write those values in your table. For example, for the first entry in the sine column (sin 0°), set x to equal 0 and plug it into the expression √x/2. This will give you √0/2, which can be simplified to 0/2 and then finally to 0. Plugging the angles into the expression √x/2 in this way, the remaining entries in the sine column are √1/2 (which can be simplified to ½, since the square root of 1 is 1), √2/2 (which can be simplified to 1/√2, since √2/2 is also equal to (1 x √2)/(√2 x √2) and in this fraction, the “√2” in the numerator and a “√2” in the denominator cancel each other out, leaving 1/√2), √3/2, and √4/2 (which can be simplified to 1, since the square root of 4 is 2 and 2/2 = 1). Once the sine column is filled, it'll be a lot easier to fill in the remaining columns. Place the sine column entries in the cosine column in reverse order. Mathematically speaking, sin x° = cos (90-x)° for any x value. Thus, to fill in the cosine column, simply take the entries in the sine column and place them in reverse order in the cosine column. Fill in the cosine column such that the value for the sine of 90° is also used as the value for the cosine of 0°, the value for the sine of 60° is used as the value for the cosine of 30°, and so on. For example, since 1 is the value placed in the final entry in the sine column (sine of 90°), this value will be placed in the first entry for the cosine column (cosine of 0°). Once filled, the values in the cosine column should be 1, √3/2, 1/√2, ½, and 0. Divide your sine values by the cosine values to fill the tangent column. Simply speaking, tangent = sine/cosine. Thus, for every angle, take its sine value and divide it by its cosine value to calculate the corresponding tangent value. To take 30° as an example: tan 30° = sin 30° / cos 30° = (√1/2) / (√3/2) = 1/√3. The entries of your tangent column should be 0, 1/√3, 1, √3, and undefined for 90°. The tangent of 90° is undefined because sin 90° / cos 90° = 1/0 and division by 0 is always undefined. Reverse the entries in the sine column to find the cosecant of an angle. Starting from the bottom row of the sine column, take the sine values you've already calculated and place them in reverse order in the cosecant column. This works because the cosecant of an angle is equal to the inverse of the sine of that angle. For instance, use the sine of 90° to fill in the entry for the cosecant of 0°, the sine of 60° for the cosecant of 30°, and so on. Place the entries from the cosine column in reverse order in the secant column. Starting from the cosine of 90°, enter the values from the cosine column in the secant column, such that value for the cosine of 90° is used as the value for the secant of 0°, the value for the cosine of 60° is used as the value for the secant of , and so on. This is mathematically valid because the inverse of the cosine of an angle is equal to that angle's secant. Fill the cotangent column by reversing the values from the tangent column. Take the value for the tangent of 90° and place it in the entry space for the cotangent of 0° in your cotangent column. Do the same for the tangent of 60° and the cotangent of 30°, the tangent of 45° and the cotangent of 45°, and so on, until you've filled in the cotangent column by inverting the order of entries in the tangent column. This works because the cotangent of an angle is equal to the inversion of the tangent of an angle. You can also find the cotangent of an angle by dividing its cosine by its sine. Draw a right triangle around the angle you’re working with. Start by extending 2 straight lines out from the sides of the angle. Then, draw a third line perpendicular to one of these 2 lines to create a right angle. Continue drawing this perpendicular line towards the other of the 2 original lines until it intersects with it, thereby creating a right triangle around the angle you're working with. If you're calculating sine, cosine, or tangent in the context of a math class, it's likely you'll already be working with a right triangle. Calculate sine, cosine, or tangent by using the sides of the triangle. The sides of the triangle can be identified in relation to the angle as the “opposite” (the side opposite of the angle), the “adjacent” (the side next to the angle other than the hypotenuse), and the “hypotenuse” (the side opposite the right angle of the triangle). Sine, cosine, and tangent can all be expressed as different ratios of these sides. The sine of an angle is equal to the opposite side divided by the hypotenuse. The cosine of an angle is equal to the adjacent side divided by the hypotenuse. Finally, the tangent of an angle is equal to the opposite side divided by the adjacent side. For example, to determine the sine of a 35°, you would divide the length of the opposite side of the triangle by the hypotenuse. If the opposite side's length was 2.8 and the the hypotenuse was 4.9, then the sine of the angle would be 2.8/4.9, which is equal to 0.57. Use a mnemonic device to remember these ratios. The most commonly used acronym to remember these ratios is SOHCAHTOA, which stands for “Sine Opposite Hypotenuse, Cosine Adjacent Hypotenuse, Tangent Opposite Adjacent.” You can better remember this acronym by spelling out a mnemonic phrase with these letters. For example, “She Offered Her Child A Heaping Teaspoon Of Applesauce.” Inverse the sine, cosine, or tangent to find their reciprocal ratios. If you can easily remember these 3 trigonometric ratios using the sides of a right triangle, you can also remember how to calculate cosecant, secant, and cotangent by inverting the ratios of these triangle sides. Thus, because cosecant is the inverse of sine, it is equal to the hypotenuse divided by the opposite side. The secant of an angle is equal to the hypotenuse divided by the adjacent side. The cotangent of an angle is equal to the adjacent side divided by the opposite side. For example, if you wanted to find the cosecant of a 35°, with an opposite side length of 2.8 and a hypotenuse of 4.9, you would divide 4.9 by 2.8 to get a cosecant of 1.75.	Create a blank trigonometry table. Fill in the values for the sine column. Place the sine column entries in the cosine column in reverse order. Divide your sine values by the cosine values to fill the tangent column. Reverse the entries in the sine column to find the cosecant of an angle. Place the entries from the cosine column in reverse order in the secant column. Fill the cotangent column by reversing the values from the tangent column. Draw a right triangle around the angle you’re working with. Calculate sine, cosine, or tangent by using the sides of the triangle. Use a mnemonic device to remember these ratios. Inverse the sine, cosine, or tangent to find their reciprocal ratios.
https://www.wikihow.com/Level-Ground	How to Level Ground	To level ground, start by using strings attached to stakes set at the height where you would like the ground to sit to see how much dirt you will need to put down. Then, remove any existing grass from the area, and use a shovel to add an even layer of ground cover. Spread the material with a rake and use a level and measuring tape to check the grade of the land. Carefully tamp the soil down to make it flat, and let it settle for 2 days.	Stake off your area to level. This area does not need to be perfectly square or rectangular unless you are planning on using sod instead of simply replanting your grass. Drive wooden or plastic stakes around the area to be leveled. Use a string level. Attach strings to stretch between the stakes, a few inches above the ground. Attach a string level to the strings to determine the high point. This will usually be your starting point and the rest of the ground will be brought to here, but you can also lower some ground if that makes more sense for your project. Adjust the strings. Using a tape measure and your level, adjust the strings until you can see how much height needs to be added or taken away across the area you are adjusting. Adjust for grade. Keep in mind that you may want to adjust the grade of your land to help combat drainage problems. Your land should be graded 1" for every 4', leading away from your home. Remove the grass if necessary. If you are leveling a small area and it is mostly level, you probably will not need to remove the grass. However, if you have a large area and a lot of leveling to do, removing the grass will be much easier. A simple shovel is all that's necessary for a reasonable amount of space. Add your ground cover. Depending on how much ground you have to cover and what will be going on the ground afterwards, you'll need to level your land with differing mixtures of soil, sand, and compost/manure fertilizer. If you want to grow grass in this area, the cover will need to be nutrient rich. If you want to level for a pool or shed, soil and sand will do just fine. Spread the topsoil. Use a garden rake to spread the material evenly, checking using your level and a measuring tape to make sure it's staying level. If you have a large area to cover, there are small versions of ground moving equipment that you can rent from your local hardware store. They will be able to advise you on what will work best for your property. Tamp the soil. If you are leveling a small area, you can tamp the soil using your foot and the bottom of your rake. If you are leveling a large area, or it is especially important to keep the ground level (such as if you are building a structure), get a tamper or plate compactor to compact the soil. Let it settle. Give the soil plenty of time to settle. It needs at least 48 hours, if not several days or weeks to settle properly. Mist the area with water if your area does not get rainfall during that time. Spread your seeds. If you are intending to reintroduce grass to that area, you will need to buy grass seed that is appropriate for your needs and the area in which you live. Get your seed, as well as a hand spreader or other tool to spread the seed evenly. Lightly cover with more soil. Lightly cover the seeds with a sprinkling of topsoil and lightly tamp it down. Water lightly. Mist the area with water 4 times a day for at least 2 days to encourage the seeds to germinate. Reseed as necessary. Give the grass time to grow in and then reseed areas where the grass does not grow in to your satisfaction. Alternatively, buy sod. You can also buy sod if you are impatient or want a particularly uniform appearance.	Stake off your area to level. Use a string level. Adjust the strings. Adjust for grade. Remove the grass if necessary. Add your ground cover. Spread the topsoil. Tamp the soil. Let it settle. Spread your seeds. Lightly cover with more soil. Water lightly. Reseed as necessary. Alternatively, buy sod.
https://www.wikihow.com/Care-for-Acrylic-Nails	How to Care for Acrylic Nails	To care for your acrylic nails, rub nail oil into them once or twice a day, which will keep them soft so they're less likely to break. You should also wear waterproof gloves whenever you do chores that involve getting your hands wet, like doing the dishes, since water can weaken acrylic nails. Also, apply lotion to your hands regularly, which will keep the skin around your nails moisturized and help prevent an infection.	Choose a length that will work for your lifestyle. Long acrylics (those that extend more than 0.5 in (1.3 cm) past your fingertip) are more likely to chip and break, especially if you work with your hands or do hobbies that are rough on your hands. To reduce the chances that your nails will break or chip, select a length that is compatible with your lifestyle. For example, if you work a job that requires you to make things with your hands, such as in manufacturing, then you may need to choose a shorter length acrylic, such as 0.5 in (1.3 cm) past your fingertip. If you do household chores on a daily basis, then long acrylics may also interfere. Apply nail oil 1 to 2 times daily to keep nails flexible. When your acrylics are stiff and rigid, they are more likely to break. Keep them flexible by adding a couple of drops of nail oil to each of your acrylics 1 or 2 times per day. Rub the oil into your nails to distribute it. You can find this product in the beauty supply section of a drug or grocery store. Wear waterproof gloves to keep nails dry when you do chores. Water will weaken your acrylics and they may loosen and come undone as a result. To reduce the amount of water you get on your nails, put on a pair of waterproof gloves before you do any household chores that involve getting your hands wet. For example, put on a pair of vinyl gloves before you wash the dishes, scrub the bathtub, or clean your kitchen sink. Make sure that you wash and dry your hands thoroughly after doing chores as well to prevent the spread of bacteria. You may also want to swipe each of your nails with an alcohol swab after doing chores to ensure that they are clean. See a nail technician right away if a nail chips or breaks. Do not attempt to fix a broken acrylic yourself! This may result in more damage, or even an infection depending on the severity of the break. Go to a nail technician and allow them to fix it for you. Never try to fix a broken acrylic using nail glue! Not all types of nail glue are water resistant, so this may not be effective. Wash your hands and nails regularly and any time they are dirty. Use mild soap and water. You may also want to get a soft-bristled nail brush to clean the surfaces of your acrylics since they tend to harbor more bacteria than the rest of your nails. Wet your hands and rub them together to distribute soap over them, and then use the brush to gently work the soap around the top and underside of your acrylics. Spend 20 seconds washing your hands. This is the same amount of time it takes to sing the “Happy Birthday” song 2 times. Dry your hands and nails thoroughly each time you wash them. After you wash your hands and nails, dry them off completely! Keeping your nails dry will help to prevent the spread of bacteria and fungus. Pat your skin and nails with a clean dry towel. Avoid warm air dryers. Use a paper or cloth towel to dry your nails. Apply lotion to your hands to keep them moisturized. After you have finished drying your hands, apply hand lotion to your hands and nails to help restore the lost moisture. Rub the lotion all over your hands paying special attention to your cuticles and nails. This will help to keep your nails healthy by creating a protective barrier over your skin and cuticles. The extra moisture may help to prevent your skin from cracking, which is how bacteria make their way in. You can also use cuticle oil to keep the skin around your nails moisturized, which will help prevent hangnails. Use clean nail tools to prevent the spread of infection. Clean your nail tools by washing off any debris with dish soap and warm water first. Then, rub the tools with an alcohol-soaked cotton ball and soak the tools in isopropyl alcohol for at least 30 minutes. A nail infection will compromise the strength of your acrylic nails, and you will likely need to get them removed to allow the infection time to heal. Always use clean nail tools to trim and file your acrylic nails to ensure that you are not spreading bacteria to them. Never share nail tools, even if they are clean! Sharing tools may lead to an infection. Ask your nail technician how they clean their tools to be sure that they are cleaning them properly before doing your nails. Also, make sure that your nail technician is licensed and that the salon has a current license as well. Ask your nail technician not to trim your cuticles. Trimming your cuticles increases your risk of getting a nail infection by creating another entryway for bacteria and fungus. To reduce your risk, ask your nail technician to skip trimming your cuticles if this is something they usually do. You or your nail tech can apply cuticle oil and push back your cuticles instead. Get a touchup every 2 to 3 weeks. As your nails grow, your acrylics will need to be trimmed, filed, and re-painted. Get regular maintenance from a professional nail technician to keep your acrylics looking great! Try to see the same nail technician every time you go to the salon so that they will know the situation with your nails and you will get consistent results. Choose an experienced nail technician to care for your acrylic nails. When done properly, you might go 2-4 weeks without seeing any breaks or cracks in your nails, and sometimes longer.#*You can also use cuticle oil to keep the skin around your nails moisturized, which will help prevent hangnails. Visit your nail technician and have your nails removed every 3 months. Your nail technician will soak your acrylic nails with pure acetone for about 20 minutes to loosen them. Then, your nail technician will use a cuticle pusher to gently separate the acrylic nails from your natural nails. Get this done every 3 months to ensure that your nails look their best! Never try to pull off your acrylics! You will pull off bits of your natural nails along with them and this will weaken your natural nails. Wait at least a week after removal to get new acrylic nails. Your natural nails need to breathe every few months, so give them a chance to do that after you have them removed. Wait at least 1 week before applying any nail polish or getting new acrylics put on your nails. During this time, you may want to keep your nails short and evenly filed to prevent breakage. Keep in mind that acrylic nails stress your natural nails, so the longer you can wait between reapplying them, the better! It is important to give your natural nails plenty of time to regenerate before reapplying acrylics.	Choose a length that will work for your lifestyle. Apply nail oil 1 to 2 times daily to keep nails flexible. Wear waterproof gloves to keep nails dry when you do chores. See a nail technician right away if a nail chips or breaks. Wash your hands and nails regularly and any time they are dirty. Dry your hands and nails thoroughly each time you wash them. Apply lotion to your hands to keep them moisturized. Use clean nail tools to prevent the spread of infection. Ask your nail technician not to trim your cuticles. Get a touchup every 2 to 3 weeks. Visit your nail technician and have your nails removed every 3 months. Wait at least a week after removal to get new acrylic nails.
https://www.wikihow.com/Write-in-Braille	How to Write in Braille	Learning to write in braille takes a bit of work, but with patience, you'll be able to write by hand. All braille is written as a combination of 6 dots per cell. The dots are arranged in 2 vertical rows. A single letter may be as few as 1 dot or as many as 5 dots. For example, the first 10 letters of the alphabet use the top 4 dots, while the next 10 letters add the bottom left-hand dot to the previous 10 letters. So when the top left-hand dot, which is an “A,” is accompanied by the bottom left-hand dot, it becomes “K.” You'll also need to learn punctuation, which is made up of some combination of the same 6 dots in a single cell. When writing braille by hand, you'll need a slate, stylus, and card-stock paper. Put the paper between the 2 metal sheets of the slate. Press the stylus through the holes of the slate to make your dots.	Learn the alphabet. All braille is written as a combination of six dots per cell. The dots are arranged as two vertical rows of three dots (or, depending on your perspective, three horizontal rows of two dots.) A single letter can be represented by as few as one, or as many as five dots. There is a pattern to the braille alphabet which corresponds to the letter's order in the alphabet. The first ten letters of the alphabet (A-J) are composed exclusively of some combination of the top four dots. The next ten letters (K-T) are composed by adding the bottom left hand dot to the previous ten letters. Thus when the top left hand dot (which is generally A) is accompanied by the bottom left hand dot, it becomes "K." Next of course comes “L” which is made by adding the same dot to the formation that means “B” This pattern continues as you go through the alphabet to “T.” The next five letters--excluding "W"--are formed by adding both of the bottom two dots to the original ten letters. "W" is anomalous because the letter didn't exist in French, the language for which braille was originally designed. Learn punctuation. Punctuation is similarly composed of a combination of these six dots in a single cell. A cell consisting exclusively of a single dot on the bottom right indicates that the letter that follows is capitalized. A period is composed of the bottom right hand dot and the two dots in the second row. This is the same as the letter “D,” only moved down one row. Similarly, an exclamation point is formed by moving the letter “F” down one row. To indicate that the whole word is capitalized—not just the first letter—the word will be preceded by two capitalization symbols. That means, two cells of just the bottom right hand dot. To write a number, use the number symbol. This is the three dots of the right column along with the bottom dot of the left column (making a shape like a backward “L” in the English alphabet). The number symbol can be followed with the symbols generally denoting “A” through “J.” An “A” following the number symbol becomes a “1,” and a “B” becomes a “2,” all the way up to “J” which represents “0.” Learn contractions. Because braille print takes up so much more space than the English alphabet, writing is shortened by the use of contractions. There are 189 additional combinations in which common words like “for,” “and,” or “the” are shortened into a single cell. Similarly, common components in words, including endings like “ing” and “ed” have their own symbols. It is also standard to use abbreviations; for example the letters “tm” are short hand for “tomorrow.” Collect your tools. To write braille by hand you need a slate, stylus, and card-stock paper. These can be purchased easily online. The stylus is a small device, usually a couple inches long. One side is a handle, the other is dull shaft of metal. The metal is pressed into the paper to create the protruding dots that comprise the braille alphabet. The slate is used to keep the dots precisely spaced into neat rows of appropriate distance from one another. It is composed of two pieces of metal, approximately the length of a page of paper, attached by a hinge. It is typically tall enough to include 4-6 rows of braille. Card-stock paper is a thick type of paper. When a stylus is applied to it, it will bend into an indention, rather than rip. Clamp the slate around the paper and indent the paper with the stylus. Sandwich the paper between the two metal sheets of the slate. The slate should have several rows of cells with six holes each. Press the stylus through the holes of the slate to make dots in the appropriate patterns. Flip the page. When pushing the dots up, you are essentially writing on the back of the page. That means you need to use the stylus to write from right to left—as if writing a mirror image. Afterward, you flip the paper so that the braille reads normally, from left to right. Get a braillewriter. A Perkins braillewriter is a device much like a standard typewriter, except for it has only six keys. Purchase heavy paper to feed into the top of the device. Braillewriters start at approximately $700 and come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Some are designed to be used with a single hand or only require a soft touch. There are also a variety of high tech braillewriters, to be discussed shortly. Learn the keys. The large key in the center of the braillewriter is the space bar. Three keys to each side of the space bar represent the six dots alignments in braille. To type a cell, you will need to hold down the keys for all of the necessary dots at the same time. The slightly raised key to the far left is the line down key and the key parallel to it on the far right is the back space key. There will also be a large curved piece of plastic on the top of the machine that serves as a cartage return as well as grey nobs on the side that are used to roll the paper into the machine. In braille the dots are sometimes signified with numbers, where the upper left hand dot is 1, the middle left dot is 2 and the bottom left hand dot is 3. The right column similarly descends from 4-6. If we represent the dots this way, the braillewriter keyboard is arranged: 321 (space) 456. Go high tech. Typewriters, of course, are fairly cumbersome by modern standards. Luckily, there are now electric braillewriters that work on similar principles. Devices like the Mountbatten Brailler and the Perkins Smart Brailler allow you to store documents electronically. They also have audio support and training exercises. Recent Macintosh computers allow you to program a keyboard or even the touch screen of your iPad to serve as a braille typewriter. In this case keys on a typical QWERTY keyboard can be reprogrammed to have the same functions they would on a brailler.	Learn the alphabet. Learn punctuation. Learn contractions. Collect your tools. Clamp the slate around the paper and indent the paper with the stylus. Flip the page. Get a braillewriter. Learn the keys. Go high tech.
https://www.wikihow.com/Read-MACD	How to Read MACD	To read a MACD interface, start by looking at the upper box to read the candlestick chart, which tracks the trading prices of a security and shows the day's opening, closing, high, and low prices. Below this box, you'll see the MACD graph, which is the difference between the 12-day and 26-day exponential moving averages of the security's price. This is also where you can find the signal line, which serves as an indicator for timing trades. For example, when the signal line crosses the MACD, either buy or sell the security.	Understand the basic setup. Most MACD interfaces are set up as two separate graph boxes. The upper box contains a candlestick chart for the security in question. This chart tracks the trading price of a security over time by representing each day as a "candlestick" that shows the day's opening, closing, high, and low prices. Below that is the MACD graph that shows several lines and the MACD histogram. These trend lines are the MACD line and the signal line. Overlaid on top of these lines is the MACD histogram. Learn how each part of the interface is calculated. Each part of the MACD interface is the result of price calculations. Understanding MACD analysis requires understanding exactly how each part is calculated. The candlestick chart is fairly simple to understand: The box represents the opening and closing prices of the security, while the line out to either side (if any) represent the high and low prices. The MACD line is the difference between the 12-day and 26-day exponential moving averages (EMA) of the security's price. The EMA is like a regular moving average, except more weight is given to newer data. The signal line is the 9-day EMA of the MACD line itself. The MACD histogram is a series of bars that shows the difference between the MACD and the signal line. Understand the signal line. The signal line is so named because it serves as an indicator for timing trades. That is, when the signal line crosses the MACD, you should either buy or sell the security, depending on your position and the direction of the movement. Essentially, it tracks the momentum of the MACD itself, and can show when changes in momentum are able to occur. This then relates to the price, allowing traders to (hopefully) time out price swings. Specifically, when the signal line crosses MACD and goes below, this is a "bearish" signal and it may be a good time to sell. The opposite is true for when the signal line goes above MACD (a "bullish" signal). Know how the MACD histogram is read. The MACD histogram is calculated as the difference between the MACD and signal line values for a given day. It's value is positive (above the zero line) when MACD is greater than the signal line and negative (below the zero line) when MACD is less than the signal line. It is zero when the two lines intersect. Interpret moves in the MACD line. MACD is a measure of changes in momentum between shorter-term and longer-term price averages. The sign (positive or negative) and magnitude or the MACD line represents the interplay between the two underlying EMAs. This manifests in the following ways: If MACD is positive, the 12-day EMA is greater than the 26-day. If MACD is negative, the 26-day EMA is greater than the 12-day. An increasing positive MACD means that upside momentum is increasing. A decreasing positive MACD means that upside momentum is slowing. A decreasing negative (becoming more negative) MACD means that downside momentum is increasing. An increasing negative (becoming less negative) MACD means that downside momentum is slowing. Analyze crossover signals. As previously mentioned, a signal is observed when the MACD crosses the signal line. A bearish signal occurs when the MACD is below the signal line after the cross, where a bullish signal occurs when the opposite happens. However, these signals are not always so clear. For example, a cross at an extreme MACD value (based on historical highs and lows) can mean a false signal. This would represent a drastic movement in the price of the underlying security. Signal crossovers may occur more frequently or less frequently, depending on the volatility of the underlying security. Read centerline crossovers. This type of crossover occurs when the MACD line moves about the zero line. Traders watch for this change to determine simple changes in momentum. There is upside momentum when MACD is positive and downside momentum when it is negative. Look out for divergences. Divergences occur when the differences between extremes in the price of the underlying security and the MACD are different. For example, imagine that between two low prices on the graph of the security's price, the security experienced a lower low the second time (a lower low). At the same time the MACD experienced two corresponding low points, but the second low point was higher than the first (a higher low). This "divergence" shows that there is a downtrend in the price of the security, but that the downside momentum is decreasing. This is a bullish divergence, as the MACD is a higher low. This may mean that the security's downtrend is coming to an end. A bearish divergence is the opposite situation. For example, the price graph might have a higher high than the MACD chart. Use MACD to estimate the strength of price swings. MACD is primarily used to identify the direction and magnitude of short-term momentum in price movements. In other words, it tracks the speed of price changes. In practice it is used more to estimate magnitude than direction. Track this magnitude by using the MACD histogram. The height of the bars represents the strength of the price movement. Slowing upside momentum may mean that a trader should prepare to sell. Slowing downside momentum may mean that a trader should prepare to buy. Make trades at signal crossovers. At signal crossovers, the trader should prepare to buy or sell the security. At a bullish signal crossover, the trader should consider buying. At a bearish crossover, the trader should consider selling. However, this depends on the nature of the crossover. A crossover at the extreme of the MACD should be treated with skepticism. Supplement the MACD charting resource with other visual tools. Although a MACD crossover, convergence or divergence can be useful, other resources can shed more light on bullish or bearish signals relevant to a specific time line. The candlestick chart shows highs and lows for each day of trading in a visual sequence. The chart also shows whether prices trended up or down during a particular trading day. This allows traders to look at "flickering" patterns related to the action of price changes, represented in candlestick charting as "wicks," and make more informed decisions on buying and selling. Many experts consider candlestick charting to be both an important complement to MACD, and more effective than MACD on its own. Input historical closing prices. If you don't have access to a pre-created MACD display through trading software, you can create your own using Microsoft Excel. Your starting point should be to locate closing prices for the stock in question. You can get this data from a major financial news site, like Yahoo! Finance or MarketWatch. Many of these sites will also give you the option to download the data as a spreadsheet, so it is pre-formatted for your use. A good starting point is to collect data for three month's worth of trading. This includes closing prices for each day of market activity. Your data should be formatted with the date in column A and closing price data in column B. Calculate the 12-day EMA. The 12-day EMA is the more responsive part of the MACD. This is calculated first as a simple average of the first twelve closing prices, but thereafter as a function of the present day's closing price and the EMA. To get started, start in column C next to the twelfth closing price in your list. From there, type in "=AVERAGE(" and then the range of data points in column B, followed by a closing parenthesis. For example, if your data points started in cell B1, you would use the range B1 to B12, expressed as B1:B12. This would give you a completed function of "=AVERAGE(B1:12)". Your function would then be placed in cell C12. Then, one cell below that function (C13 in the example), enter the following: "=[B cell to the left of this one](2/13)+[C cell above this one](1-(2/13))". So, the example would have, in cell C13, the following: "=B13(2/13)+C12(1-(2/13))". Click on this function and drag it down to the bottom of your data to fill in the rest of the 12 day EMAs. Fill in the 26-day EMA. This process is identical to entering the 12-day EMA, except for the fact that the equation is slightly different and that you start on the 26th closing price. In column D, next to the 26th closing price (and it's corresponding 12-day EMA in column C), enter the following: ="AVERAGE(" and then the relevant data points, followed by a closing parenthesis. So, in the example, this would be "=AVERAGE(B1:26)" in cell D26. In the next cell down, D27 in the example, type in the following: =[B cell to the left of this one](2/27)+[D cell above this one](1-(2/27))". For the example, this would be: =B27(2/27)+D26(1-(2/27)). Click and drag this formula down to fill in the rest of your data. Find MACD. The MACD will be shown in column E. It is calculated by simply subtracting the 26-day EMA from the 12-day EMA. Next to the first 26-day EMA, cell E26 in the example, type in: "=C26-D26". The result in the MACD for that day. After that, click on this cell and drag it down to the bottom of the sheet to get the rest of the MACD measurements. Calculate the signal line. The signal line is just a 9-day EMA of the MACD, and is produced similarly to the two previous EMA data points. Start in column F next to the ninth MACD value (cell F34 in the example). Then, type in: "=AVERAGE(E26:E34)". You can adjust the range if your first nine EMA values are in different cells. Then, one cell below that (F35), type in "=E35*(2/10)+F34(1-(2/10))". Again, adjust the referenced cells if your data are in different ones. Click on the formula and drag it to the end of your data points to fill in the last of your data. Chart your data. With your completed MACD and signal line data, you can create a MACD display. Use Excel's graph tools to show your MACD and signal lines as line graph over certain time periods. You can also graph the 12 and 26-day EMAs or the price for more data to compare.	Understand the basic setup. Learn how each part of the interface is calculated. Understand the signal line. Know how the MACD histogram is read. Interpret moves in the MACD line. Analyze crossover signals. Read centerline crossovers. Look out for divergences. Use MACD to estimate the strength of price swings. Make trades at signal crossovers. Supplement the MACD charting resource with other visual tools. Input historical closing prices. Calculate the 12-day EMA. Fill in the 26-day EMA. Find MACD. Calculate the signal line. Chart your data.
https://www.wikihow.com/Study-Economics	How to Study Economics	There are a ton of resources you can use to study economics on your own. Your obvious resource is your textbook and coursework. But instead of trying to memorize the facts and data, try working through sample problems so you can be sure you understand the concepts and models. You can also use outside resources to learn more about the subject. Online video tutorials and reputable websites dedicated to economics can present the information in a different way, which may help you understand it more fully. Use the study guide your teacher provides you to help guide your studying if you have one. Try to avoid last-minute cramming and study a little bit each day during the weeks before the test so you retain the information better.	Watch videos on economics to begin learning the basics. You'll find a wide range of tutorials on economics on sites like YouTube. Look for videos from respected economists and professors in particular, and watch the videos to learn more. Start with introductory videos on microeconomics and macroeconomics before moving on to other videos. You want to get the basics down first. Ted Talks are also a good source of information, plus they'll keep you engaged! Read about economics from reputable websites. Many reputable websites offer information on the basics of economics, and you can find a whole world to explore. Look for websites with ".edu," ".gov," or ".org," as well as other well-respected sites such as this link: https://www.investopedia.com/university/economics/ Pick up a used textbook to dig a little deeper. Textbooks are a great way to learn the basics of economics, and you don't need to be in a class to buy one. Check with your friends who've taken economic classes or look at reviews to find a good textbook. Consider buying an older edition, which will have much of the same information but will be much cheaper. Try a textbook that provides an introduction to microeconomics or macroeconomics. Some classic influential textbooks include A Monetary History of the United States (1963) by Milton Friedman and Anne Schwartz for macroeconomics, Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (1944) by John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern for game theory, and Value and Capital (1936) by John Hicks for microeconomics. For more contemporary books, you could try Principles of Economics by N. Gregory Mankiw; the 8th edition was published in 2017. Another option is Modern Principles of Economics by Tyler Cowen and Alex Tabarrok; the 3rd edition was published in 2014. Read other books on economics. Textbooks are a great way to get an introduction to economics, but plenty of other books will give expand your knowledge. Plus, many of them won't be quite as dry as textbooks, so you'll learn more because you'll be entertained, too. For instance, Freakonomics is an enjoyable read that applies economics to pop culture. Work on your math skills to complement what you're learning. Math skills are helpful when it comes to learning economics, particularly statistics. If your math skills are lacking, consider taking a free online course to brush up. Start with where you're at and work up to harder courses. For example, you can find classes offered through sites like Khan Academy or Coursera. While not all math is relevant, you do need to understand the basics to work up to harder math. For instance, calculus and statistics are both relevant to economics. However, you don't want to jump into calculus if you don't have a solid foundation in algebra, geometry, and trigonometry. Take an online economics course to study one aspect of economics. Many universities now offer free courses online that are open to the public. While these courses are not for credit, you do get much of the same information that students who attend these universities do. Generally, these classes are set up as a lecture series where you watch a set list of videos from a professor. Try looking on Coursera, MIT, Stanford, MR University, and Princeton. Focus on economics in high school. Begin your education on economics by taking classes in high school. Most schools offer at least one course in economics, and many offer more classes. If your school doesn't, see if you can take classes at a local community college, as many schools allow you to take classes concurrently. Even if you don't want to be an economics major in college, learning economics can help you be more financially literate and better understand how a capitalist society functions. Begin with the introductory courses at university. While most programs already require you to do so, it's a good idea to start with the basics. Get the introductory classes out of the way first, so that you have a foundation for later classes. For instance, you'll likely start with a course on beginning microeconomics and one on beginning macroeconomics. You may also want to take a course on the history of economics or an introduction to microeconomics. Take a wide range of courses in economics. When you're first starting out in economics, try to pick a range of classes. Eventually, you'll likely want to specialize in an area, but it's difficult to choose an area of study if you haven't been exposed to the wide range of subjects in the field. Keep in mind that you don't want to focus solely on economics classes. For instance, history classes are ideal for an economics major, as economics influenced the course of history in a large way. Many "new worlds" were discovered due to the desire for new goods and trade routes, for instance. Similarly, computer skills are important. Much of what economists do today is integrated with computers, so if you're looking to become an economist, your computer skills need to be sharp. Take classes on contemporary computer software, for instance. Become well versed in calculus and statistics. Economics is heavily math-based, so take classes that will help you build a strong foundation in math. Statistics is an especially relevant course, so try to take that if you can. As you advance, you'll likely need to take several semesters of calculus, so make sure you get in the prerequisites you need before moving onto calculus. Combine economics with another degree. Economics is great on its own, but it can also be beneficial to do a double major. Economics can be applied to almost any other field, so you can work on it with another field you enjoy. Doing so can help you get a job, since you'll have a wider field of knowledge. For instance, economics combines well with history, since history is influenced largely by economics. It also combines well with a math degree. Practice independent work as you move towards graduation. As you advance in your degree, you'll need to work more on your own. Start this process by working on being independent early on. Try to work through problems by yourself so you better understand the course material, for instance. Once you graduate, you'll be at a job or moving on to graduate school, so being able to think on your own is important. For instance, spend time playing with models. Tweak them, and try to figure out how they work. Challenge yourself to come up with interesting solutions to questions rather than a standard answer. Economics is about learning to think for yourself, not just popping out a standard answer. Look for research opportunities in your field. Professors will be conducting their own research in the field of economics, and they'll want help from students like you. Ask around for any opportunities. Working with a professor will help you gain insight into how research is performed in the field. Specialize in an area you enjoy, such as microeconomics. When you first start out in college, you'll need to take certain basics, as well as take classes in a wide range. As you work toward finishing your degree and possibly moving to a graduate degree, start focusing on the area of economics that you enjoy the most. Specialize by taking classes in the areas you enjoy the most, as you can use that as a jumping off place for graduate work or even a job in the field. For instance, you may find that you prefer microeconomics to macroeconomics, or maybe you'd like to focus on finance, developmental economics, or business economics. Participate in math and economics clubs. If your school offers them, join in clubs that focus on economics and math. If your school doesn't have them, consider starting a club. You'll likely need a faculty sponsor, as well as a space to meet. Ask your math or economics teacher if they'd be willing to sponsor you. Study by working through problems instead of memorizing. If you're like most people, you've been taught to learn by committing facts to memory. While knowing some key facts is important in economics, it's more important to understand how the models work. That means playing around with them on your own so you grasp the basics of the models, as well as drawing pictures and diagrams to understand them better. Look at the main ideas and subtopics you've covered. Go through your notes and textbooks and identify the main ideas you need to tackle, as well as the subtopics you need to look at. Divide the time you have to study between these topics, so you have equal time for each. You may want to focus a bit more on what you don't understand as well. Work on economics a little each day. You know that cramming isn't the best way to study. You stress yourself out, and you don't learn the material properly. Instead of cramming the night before an exam, spread it out over weeks, spending a little time each day working on economics. Reinforcing the information daily will help to solidify it in your brain. Tackle the tasks you find harder first. When you sit down to study, work on the things you don't like as much first. That way, when you've been working for a few hours and have a bit less energy, you'll get to the stuff you enjoy more. Use resources outside of your class to enhance your learning. Sometimes, going over the same material again and again can be a bit dull and dry. Plus, if you're not understanding it, reading the same bit of textbook over and over isn't likely to help. Instead, use online resources, such as video tutorials and reputable websites, to learn more about the subject. It will bring a breath of fresh air, and a different perspective may help you understand the subject better. Work through the study guide provided by your teacher. If your teacher or professor provides a study guide, make sure you are using it. Often, the teacher will structure things on the study guide like they will be on the test, so go over it thoroughly. Read instructions carefully on the exam. When taking the test, look at the directions and make sure you understand them before writing answers. Your teacher may want you to draw diagrams in a specific way, and you don't want to lose points if you aren't reading carefully.	Watch videos on economics to begin learning the basics. Read about economics from reputable websites. Pick up a used textbook to dig a little deeper. Read other books on economics. Work on your math skills to complement what you're learning. Take an online economics course to study one aspect of economics. Focus on economics in high school. Begin with the introductory courses at university. Take a wide range of courses in economics. Become well versed in calculus and statistics. Combine economics with another degree. Practice independent work as you move towards graduation. Look for research opportunities in your field. Specialize in an area you enjoy, such as microeconomics. Participate in math and economics clubs. Study by working through problems instead of memorizing. Look at the main ideas and subtopics you've covered. Work on economics a little each day. Tackle the tasks you find harder first. Use resources outside of your class to enhance your learning. Work through the study guide provided by your teacher. Read instructions carefully on the exam.
https://www.wikihow.com/Clean-Rotors	How to Clean Rotors	Cleaning your car's rotors can take a couple of hours, but if you have mechanical experience, it should be a relatively simple job. First, you'll need to jack your car up, take off its wheels, and remove the tires. Once the tires are off, you can inspect the rotors to see if they need to be cleaned. Or, if they're too worn down, you might need to replace the rotors. Use a stainless steel brush to clean them. If you have experience using a lathe, you can also use this to grind away any stubborn buildup around the rotors. If you spot rust on the rotors, spray them with a multi-use lubricant and sand them lightly with fine grain paper.	Park your car on a level surface. Accessing the rotors requires lifting the car with a jack, and lifting on an unlevel plane is very dangerous. You should place the car in park, turn off the vehicle and place tire blocks around all tires to prevent movement during jacking. Loosen the lug nuts. Before lifting the car, it is best to loosen stubborn lug nuts while the tires are firmly fixed on the ground. A raised tire will have some give and rotate which can make fighting a lug nut all the more difficult. Set your car on jack stands. It is best to consult your vehicle's manual for the best placement on jack stands. However, it is typically the case that one jack point exists per wheel. Just be sure you are setting the jack on a solid and secure point on the frame as opposed to paneling. Jacking on the paneling will not be able to support the weight of the car and will cause damage to the paneling as well as cause the jack to fall. If you are unsure about jack points, check online for your model's manual or consult a mechanic. The more jack stands, the better. Adding breeze blocks as a failsafe can also help make sure that if the car does move enough to come off a stand, you are still going to be safe. Remove the tire(s). Once the car is securely raised, you can finish removing the lug nuts. You should remove all the tires before cleaning so that you do not have to repeatedly prepare and set aside your tools. Check that the rotors are worth cleaning. It is not until you can access the rotors that you can truly know the condition they are in. Often, rotors can experience “lateral brake run-out” in which the rotor wobbles and unevenly wears down. If the rotor has worn unevenly, it means the brake pads will not make contact evenly or as soon as expected. Although it may not be immediately apparent, over time it can be dangerous. Rotors are expected to last between 40,000-60,000 miles for typical use, so be open-minded to the idea that your rotors may be worn or past their days of good use. They might need replacing. Use a stainless steel brush to clean the rotor. Build-up and rust can usually be removed by simple abrasion from a stainless steel brush. A “caliper brush” can also help to access more intricate parts of your rotor, if needed. Lathe additional buildup if needed. If you are experienced enough to use a lathe, you can essentially grind away any more stubborn buildup. Be careful not to create unevenness when grinding as this will create the same issue as brake run-outs. Flip your bike over. Finding a solid, flat surface to flip your bike over onto will make working on the wheels much easier. With the wheels up in the air, you can better spin the tire and handle as you work. Locate your disc rotor. Following your brake cables, you will find the brake pads themselves. For disc rotors, the rotor will be what the brake pads are clamping on themselves when you press the brakes. Assess the mess. If your rotors just need a bit of touching up, you can clean them while they are still fully attached. However, if your recent ride has left them in a much messier condition, it may be required to take them off. To remove your bike's rotors, you will need to consult the manual of your particular model. Rotor removal usually entails removing the wheel, and then detaching the braking system and rotor itself depending on how it has been attached. Make sure to pay attention to the order you remove things so that you can reverse it when reassembling. Use a dedicated cleaner or soap with water. Brake rotors are very sensitive to certain products, so be sure NOT to use products like WD-40 or other oil-based cleaners. These can be even more difficult to clean off the rotor and make braking less effective or efficient. Spray the rotor with your can of brake cleaner, per the can's instructions. If using soap and water, spray or dip a rag into the solution and wipe the entire rotor down. Some brake cleaners simply require a good wipe down after using the spray. Make sure to remove all the residue so that your brake pads will only be hitting the rotors - not greasy cleaner. If you've used soapy water, use some clean water to rinse away the solution and then a towel to completely dry the rotor itself. Reassemble your brakes. If you've removed the rotor, reverse the steps you took to remove it and reassemble the brake fixtures. Tighten and align everything as the manual recommends. Then flip your bike back over, and you're ready to ride! Brake away the rust. Most rust that builds up can easily be removed by regular usage. Find an empty parking lot or open road and travel at about 5-10 miles per hour. Press your brakes about a half dozen times with enough pressure to stop the car slightly more abruptly than normal driving. This will knock loose and rub away buildup. Make sure to do this in a safe, undisturbed location. You do not want to be in the way of traffic or create the potential for an accident. Use WD-40 to dissolve some rust. Another option is to remove the tires as you would to clean your rotors with a steel brush. Spray the rotors with WD-40, or a similar penetrating oil, and let it set for 24 hours. Then use a very light, fine grain sanding paper to wipe away the dissolved material. Wipe clean with a rag to remove any additional oil or residual. There are also a number of products on the market to use after cleaning a rotor to prevent further buildup. This can help offset the next time rather extensively or altogether, depending on driving conditions. Replace your rotors. As with damaged or worn rotors, often a rotor has become too old and rusted to serve its intended purpose safely. Although a pricier solution than replacing a tire, you sometimes need to face the facts and choose the safest option.	Park your car on a level surface. Loosen the lug nuts. Set your car on jack stands. Remove the tire(s). Check that the rotors are worth cleaning. Use a stainless steel brush to clean the rotor. Lathe additional buildup if needed. Flip your bike over. Locate your disc rotor. Assess the mess. Use a dedicated cleaner or soap with water. Reassemble your brakes. Brake away the rust. Use WD-40 to dissolve some rust. Replace your rotors.
https://www.wikihow.com/Create-Romance-on-Your-Wedding-Night	How to Create Romance on Your Wedding Night	To make your wedding night more romantic, try filling the room with fresh flowers or rose petals, as well as nice-smelling fragrances from things like scented candles. Music is a great mood enhancer, so prepare a romantic playlist beforehand and play it throughout the night. To spice things up, try taking a hot bath together or feeding each other aphrodisiacs like honey. If you plan on having sex, put on some attractive clothes and make sure to flirt with your spouse to increase the romantic tension.	Stay at home for a more intimate night. Sometimes, the perfect location is the one you and your spouse already share. For some couples, spending the night at home will be far more comfortable than going off to a new or exotic location, and it can even make the whole experience feel more real or genuine. If you're short on funds or are celebrating your honeymoon at a later date, a night at home may be the perfect option. Go to a hotel for a high-class experience. Even if you're staying in the same city or town, renting a hotel room can make your night feel far fancier. Since it's your wedding, book a large room in a 4 or 5-star hotel that offers room service and a variety of amenities. Make sure to book well in advance, that way you'll be guaranteed the room come wedding night. Many hotels offer bridal or honeymoon suites specifically designed for newlyweds. Travel to a resort for a fun, foreign adventure. Whether you're interested in a beachside hut or a cozy cabin in the woods, a resort is a perfect option for couples craving adventure. Spending your wedding night in a completely new, unique place will make the experience even more memorable and enhance the fantasy elements present in many weddings. Don’t let kids, pets, family, or friends in. Perhaps the most important part of any wedding night location is that only you and your spouse are allowed in. After the wedding, don't let any friends or family members come back to the room with you. If you have kids, send them to stay with other family members. If you have high-maintenance pets like dogs, board them. Make sure the room is clean. No matter where you're staying, make sure everything is neat and tidy before leaving for the wedding ceremony. If you're staying at a hotel or resort, check to make sure they've set up any special amenities you ordered. If you're staying at home, make sure you: Finish any daily chores. Tidy up the house and remove clutter. Dust and polish the furniture. Vacuum, steam-clean, or mop the floors. Wash your fabrics and clothes. Fill the room with flowers or flower petals. Even for something as big as you wedding night, some simple flowers can make a major difference. Try filling the room with your spouse's favorite flowers, or lay rose petals on and around the bed. Though fake flowers can work, real flowers will provide an extra special touch. Add fragrance to the room. Scents are a powerful but subtle way to change someone's mood. To add just a scent, try burning a stick of incense or placing drops of essential oil on your sheets. To enhance the visual atmosphere as well, trying burning scented candles or filling bowls with scented potpourri. If you don't have a favorite scent, try an arousing one like ylang-ylang, lavender, jasmine, or sandalwood. Play some mood music you both enjoy. Music is a great mood enhancer, and that's certainly true for your wedding night. Pick some romantic albums you both enjoy and let them play in the background throughout the night. For a more personalized sound, create a playlist of songs that bring back memories of your time together, such as the song you had your first dance to. Mood music doesn't have to be traditionally romantic. If you both swoon at the sound of heavy metal, put on Metallica instead of Michael Bublé. Flirt with each other. Just because you're married doesn't mean the sweet nothings have to end. Simple things like gazing into your spouse's eyes, complimenting them, or touching them lightly can increase the romantic and sexual tension between you. Prepare some sweet snacks. Though you probably had a big meal at your wedding, think about saving room for wedding night dessert. Chocolate, strawberries, honey, and similar foods are great aphrodisiacs, and you can use them to make your night even more romantic. Try: Feeding each other small snacks like chocolate truffles. Eating a piece of food together and ending in a kiss. Licking sticky foods like honey and chocolate sauce off each other. Give each other the spa treatment. Taking a hot bath or shower together will give you the chance to be intimate while cleaning up after the day's activities. If you're staying at a fancy hotel or resort, make sure to use any large bathtubs, showers, and jacuzzis you may have access to. After, try rubbing your spouse with mineral oil and giving them a massage. Put on sexy clothes or lingerie. For something elegant, try slipping into silk pajamas or a fancy robe. For something more stripped down, try a see-through bra or baby doll dress, a lace panty and garter belt set, or some tight-fitting boxers. No matter what you wear, remember that your spouse loves the way you look and will enjoy the things that make you feel sexy. Make sure you bring some normal clothes as well since you may not want to sit in skimpy underwear all night. Enjoy the honeymoon sex. For many people, the term “wedding night” is synonymous with sex, and for good reason! Whether it's your first time or not, getting physical with your new spouse can be an incredibly intimate, emotional experience. Make sure you talk about your desires beforehand, but stay open to new ideas and go with the flow. If you saved yourself for marriage, relax and take things slow. There's plenty of time for experimentation later, so for now, just enjoy the ride. If you're open to roleplay, try recreating your first sexual encounter together, complete with the outfits you were wearing at the time. Let yourself be emotionally intimate. When people think of a wedding night, they often forget the most important part: simply being together. Beyond the food and sex, the fancy room and romantic mood, the wedding night is your first chance to be together as a married couple. Let yourself relax and be open and intimate with your partner, whether that means talking for hours about your future or simply lying together, hand in hand, until you fall asleep.	Stay at home for a more intimate night. Go to a hotel for a high-class experience. Travel to a resort for a fun, foreign adventure. Don’t let kids, pets, family, or friends in. Make sure the room is clean. Fill the room with flowers or flower petals. Add fragrance to the room. Play some mood music you both enjoy. Flirt with each other. Prepare some sweet snacks. Give each other the spa treatment. Put on sexy clothes or lingerie. Enjoy the honeymoon sex. Let yourself be emotionally intimate.
https://www.wikihow.com/Create-Your-Own-Cartoon-Character	How to Create Your Own Cartoon Character	It's easy to create your own exciting and unique cartoon character. Don't worry about the small details in the beginning. Start with simple designs until you find something you're happy with. Then, you can add more details. Try to make their physical features unique and exaggerated, like a really big nose or a lot of muscles to emphasize their personality. For example, if your character is evil, you can give them a hunched figure with thin lips, and squinty eyes. You can make your character more unique by giving them defining features or using unusual colors, like Marge Simpson's tall blue hair. Once you've designed your character's appearance, think about their backstory, like their motivations, relationships, and major rivalries.	Study other character designs for inspiration. Research your cartoon character design by studying other characters that you admire or animation styles that you enjoy. Take note of defining features, the line quality, the color schemes, and any other artistic styles that are used to bring the character to life so you can include them in your own design. Read comic books that tell stories with the characters so you can see how they change with different emotions, angles, and actions. Find a cartoon artist whose style you like and look at their character designs to inspire your own work. Write a list of interests and character traits you want to include. Brainstorm character design ideas by jotting down a list of hobbies, interests, and personality traits that you want your character to reflect. Write them out on a piece of paper and narrow them down to the key traits that you want to include in your cartoon character. Your cartoon character's personality should help guide the way they look. For example, if your character plays football and loves to tell jokes, then they would look different than a character that loves to read poetry and listen to classical music. Make a list of features that you can exaggerate for your character. Choose key details to embellish that will highlight the personality traits of your character. As you're coming up with your character, think about features that can really bring out their personality without having to say it out loud. Cartoon characters are meant to be larger than life, with details and traits that are exaggerated and dramatic. For instance, if your character is bookish and shy, then maybe their eyes are sunken and are always looking down. Exaggerated details can illustrate your character's traits without saying them out loud. For example, a broad chest and strong jaw can make your character seem strong and brave without having to explicitly state it. Choose distinctive details for your character to make it unique. Use specific features and details to set your cartoon characters apart from others and to bring out their personality. You can also choose to use specific tropes or features to define your cartoon style, such as the Simpson's yellow skin, that will allow people to immediately recognize your cartoon. Come up with a unique way of depicting eyes or hair for your character. Use features to define your character. For example, perhaps your character suffered an injury as a child when their parents were taken by the mafia and they have a distinctive scar on their face as a reminder. Details don't always have to be significant to the character. You could include something about yourself, such as a favorite hat or shirt that you had as a kid in your animation. Select colors that communicate the character’s personality. Darker colors and shades can reflect a moody or evil character, while bright and vibrant colors can make a cartoon character seem happy and lovable. When you're designing your character, consider the colors and tones that you want to use when you depict them, such as their hair, clothing, skin, and eyes to help illustrate their personality. Consider coloring the skin of your characters a distinctive color to accent their moods and temperaments. For instance, your character can turn slightly red when they're angry, or they could have a pale shade of green skin when they're feeling ill. You can also flip convention on its head by having an evil character with lots of bright pink, yellow, and other happy colors. Add accessories to your character to emphasize their traits. What your character uses or carries with them can reveal a lot about their mood and personality. Create a list of items, clothing, objects, or anything else that your character uses or interacts with so you can include it in your animation. For example, a cartoon character that's a detective might have a magnifying glass handy or wear a long khaki trenchcoat. Use the details to express the personality of your character. If you have an introverted character who loves music, maybe they've always got on a pair of headphones, or maybe they're constantly checking themselves out in a pocket mirror if they're super vain. Keep a list of key details you want to include. When you start to draw your cartoon character, have a list of descriptions and features you want to include in your sketch for reference. Keep the list next to you while you work. You may find that some features just don't work as you're drawing the cartoon character, and that's okay! Having a reference can help keep you on track while you're working away creating the character. Sketch out the shape of the character on paper with a pencil. Start drawing your cartoon character by choosing a basic shape based on who they are, such as a rounded shape for chubby character or a thin shape with lots of sharp lines if they're really skinny. Take a sheet of paper and a pencil and start lightly sketching out the shape of your character. Don't make any deep or hard markings so you can easily erase and revise your rough sketch. Use a notebook or sketch paper to sketch out your character. Add details to the sketch to start to flesh it out. As your character starts to take shape, start adding some of the key features that will make it seem more realistic. Use your pencil to lightly add in the features, objects, clothing, and other details that are unique to your cartoon character. Use defining features and items to highlight the personality of your character, such as reading glasses for a nerdy character or a sword for a warrior. Fill in the face of the sketch. The face of your cartoon character will be it's most defining and striking feature. Add a nose, mouth , eyes , ears, and all of the other facial features you plan to include. Put an expression on your character that fits their mood and personality. For example, if they're a happy-go-lucky type of character, sketch them with a big smile on their face. Add shading to the lines to add depth to the character. Go back over the lines to fill them in and make them appear fuller. Use shading to give more depth and dimension to your character on the paper. Erase any faint pencil markings from your sketch to make it feel more finished. Color the sketch and add shading to bring it to life. Choose paints and colors that fit the style of your cartoon character. Add color to your sketch to really bring the character to life! For example, watercolors might fit a whimsical, dreamy cartoon character, while color pencils would work better for a comic-strip type of character. Use colored pencils for an easy way to add color to your cartoon character. Choose a program, app, or website to create your character. Research which program is best suited to your needs. Paid programs such as Adobe Illustrator are more complicated to learn how to use, but they'll produce the most professional results and will be the most customizable. You can also use free apps and websites to make a cartoon character quickly and easily. Search online for free apps and websites you can use. A few popular options include Cartoonify, Animaker, and Toonytool. Programs such as Adobe Illustrator, Photoshop, CorelDRAW, and others may require you to follow a tutorial in order to learn how to properly use them. Sketch your character on paper and scan it or draw it digitally. To convert your cartoon character into a digital animation that you can manipulate with a design program, you can either draw it on paper and then scan it to your computer , or you can draw it on the program itself. Create your digital character and get it into the design software so you can add color, shading, movement, and other effects to it. Some programs will have templates of heads, faces, eyes, arms, and other features that you can add to your character to complete it. Color your character digitally using the program. The design program or app will have lots of color options for you to choose from to add to your character. Look through them and select the ones that you feel best suit your cartoon. Many programs will allow you to customize your color options for the specific color that you want. Add effects to your digital cartoon character using your design software. Many design programs will allow you to enhance your cartoon characters by adding shading, highlights, filters, and other effects. Choose effects that suit your character and style and add them to your cartoon! Choose a filter that adjusts the brightness, contrast, and color to create a color effect on your character to enhance its appearance. Upload your cartoon character to share it with the world. One of the best aspects of using a digital design program or app is that you can quickly and easily share your cartoon character. Send it to your friends and family when you're finished or create a full comic strip or graphic novel that you could submit for publication. Save your cartoon character by selecting the save option from the file menu so you can keep a copy of it stored on your computer or device. Share your cartoon character with your friends and family on social media or post it to your blog. Search for publishing companies that are accepting submissions if you want to submit your cartoon for publication.	Study other character designs for inspiration. Write a list of interests and character traits you want to include. Make a list of features that you can exaggerate for your character. Choose distinctive details for your character to make it unique. Select colors that communicate the character’s personality. Add accessories to your character to emphasize their traits. Keep a list of key details you want to include. Sketch out the shape of the character on paper with a pencil. Add details to the sketch to start to flesh it out. Fill in the face of the sketch. Add shading to the lines to add depth to the character. Color the sketch and add shading to bring it to life. Choose a program, app, or website to create your character. Sketch your character on paper and scan it or draw it digitally. Color your character digitally using the program. Add effects to your digital cartoon character using your design software. Upload your cartoon character to share it with the world.
https://www.wikihow.com/Defrost-Bread	How to Defrost Bread	If you have frozen sliced bread and you want to defrost it, take out just as many slices as you'll need. If the bread slices are stuck together, use a clean fork or knife to gently pry them apart. Arrange the bread slices on a microwave-safe plate, then microwave the bread on high power for 10 seconds at a time until it is soft and warm. If you prefer, you can instead defrost your bread by placing it into a toaster oven set to “defrost” or “frozen.”	Thaw out as many slices as you'll need. If you're only going to use a portion of your sliced bread, it's best to defrost that portion only. Thawing out an entire loaf of sliced bread when you only need a few slices will require you to either consume the rest of the loaf or refreeze it. Refreezing bread repeatedly can dry the bread out, making it hard and/or stale. Set aside as many slices as you'll need to defrost and save the rest in the freezer. If the slices are stuck together, you can try using a clean fork or knife to gently pry them apart. Arrange the slices on a microwave-safe plate. Take the slices you've chosen to defrost and arrange them on a plate. Most permanent kitchen dinnerware is safe to microwave; if you're not sure, check the bottom of the plate, as manufacturers will stamp some kitchenware as being microwave safe. Do not cover the bread. Simply arrange your slices on a plate with a little space in between each slice. Some bakers recommend wrapping frozen bread in a paper towel before microwaving. Make sure the plate can safely be microwaved. Avoid using disposable plates or anything made of plastic. Use a microwave to warm the frozen slices. While most loaves of bread will not defrost well in the microwave, sliced bread can be microwaved effectively. As the bread thaws, the starch molecules in each slice will form crystals, which can draw out any moisture that was previously in the bread (called retrogradation). Using a microwave allows the crystals to break down inside the slices of bread so that each piece is soft and warm. Set the microwave on high power. Heat the sliced bread in your microwave for increments of 10 seconds. Check on the slices after 10 seconds before adding more time in the microwave. It should not take more than 15 to 25 seconds for most microwaves to defrost sliced bread. However, there may be some variance in defrost time, depending on your particular microwave. Do not microwave bread for longer than a minute, as this will probably overheat it. Make sure the bread isn't too hot before eating. Be aware that microwaving bread is likely to make it either overly chewy or hard and stale. This is because the bread loses its water content as the microwave turns that water into vapor, which leaves the bread. Heat up frozen slices of bread in a toaster oven. If you don't have a microwave or would rather not use one, you can defrost frozen bread in a toaster oven. This method may not work well for whole loaves of bread, though, so it's best to only use toaster ovens for slices of bread. Adjust the setting to "defrost" or "frozen" to warm up sliced bread from the freezer. As always, make sure the bread hasn't gotten too hot while toasting. Leave the bread out at room temperature. If you don't have access to an oven or simply don't need the bread right away, you can let it thaw at room temperature. The time it takes to defrost will vary, depending on the size and thickness of the loaf. You can check the inside by cutting off a slice once it seems like it's finished defrosting, or gently squeeze the loaf to see how soft it is. Take the frozen loaf out of the freezer. Leave the loaf in the freezer bag and set it out on the kitchen counter. At room temperature, it can take up to three or four hours for a loaf of bread to fully defrost. When it's ready, it will be thawed out but may not be very warm. The crust may also lose its crispness, and if the bread was very moist it could become soggy or stale. Defrosting the bread in an oven is considered a superior method by many bakers. Use an oven to thaw out frozen bread. Using an oven is much quicker and more efficient than thawing at room temperature. It will also give you a nice, warm loaf that will taste and feel like it's just been freshly baked. Pre-heat your oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit (about 175 degrees Celsius). Take the bread out of the freezer and remove any plastic bags and other wrappings it may have been stored in. Put the still-frozen loaf on the middle rack of the oven. Set a timer for 40 minutes. This should be enough time for the bread to thaw and warm from crust to center. Remove the loaf from the oven and let it sit on the counter for a few minutes until it cools to room temperature. Soften a hard, crusty loaf of bread. Whether you've defrosted your bread at room temperature or in an oven, you may find yourself left with a stale or crusty loaf of bread. Do not worry, though, as this bread can easily be brought back to its previous crisp, delicious condition. Get the loaf only mildly wet with clean, cold water. You can briefly swipe the loaf under a running tap, or wet a clean paper towel and dab the loaf until it is dampened. Wrap the damp loaf of bread in aluminum foil. Make sure the aluminum foil is wrapped tightly to ensure that no moisture escapes. Set the wrapped loaf on the middle rack in the oven. Make sure the oven hasn't been preheated, as you want the bread to warm gradually. Set the oven's temperature to 300 degrees Fahrenheit (about 150 degrees Celsius). Smaller loaves (like baguettes and rolls) should be finished in about 15 to 20 minutes, while larger, thicker loaves may take upwards of 30 minutes. Take out the loaf, unwrap the foil, and put the unwrapped loaf back in the oven for an additional five minutes for a perfect crust. Be aware that this method will only make a stale loaf soft for a few hours or less. Try to eat your bread within that time frame or it may get crusty and stale again. Rejuvenate the crust on a thawed loaf of bread. Whether a humid day has ruined your crust or the freezing process has left you with an undesirable crust, you can easily restore the crust back to its former condition with just a few minutes in the oven. Keep a close eye on the bread so it doesn't burn and it should be back to a delicious, crisp loaf in no time. Preheat the oven to 400 degrees Fahrenheit (200 degrees Celsius). Unwrap the thawed-out loaf of bread and set it in the oven. Putting the bread directly on the oven rack will give you a crisper crust, but you can use a baking sheet if you prefer. Set a timer for five minutes, and let the loaf heat up inside the oven. After five minutes, promptly remove the loaf from the oven and let it sit at room temperature for 5 to 10 minutes before you attempt to cut the bread. Cutting the bread while it's too warm can make it difficult to get a clean slice. Know the average shelf life of bread. Bakery and sliced/packaged bread will both keep in the freezer for similar time frames. However, freezing bread after the expiration date has passed can negatively impact the quality of the bread. If you've been refrigerating your bread, it may not be in good enough shape to freeze it once you reach the expiration date. Bakery bread is typically good for two or three days after the printed expiration date if stored in the pantry, but expired bread that's been refrigerated will not last. Packaged (sliced) bread can be good for up to seven days past the expiration date if kept in the pantry, but if refrigerated it should not be eaten past the printed date. Properly stored and frozen bread, whether from a bakery or packaged,should keep for up to six months in the freezer. Use high-quality freezer bags. Freezer bags tend to be made with slightly thicker plastic than regular sandwich or storage bags, and they are designed to help prevent freezer burn. Using high-quality freezer bags can help ensure that your bread stays as fresh as possible. You can purchase freezer bags at most grocery stores. Put the loaf inside a freezer bag. Squeeze out any air inside the bag and wrap it tightly before sealing the bag. Take the wrapped and sealed loaf and place it inside a second freezer bag. Double bagging the loaf will help minimize any decline in quality. Freeze a loaf properly to ensure its quality remains. The best way to ensure your bread is as fresh as possible when you defrost it is by making sure you freeze it properly. With proper temperature and storage conditions, your bread should emerge from the freezer in good condition. Try to freeze the loaf as soon after you've purchased it as possible to ensure that the bread does not become moldy, soggy, or stale before you freeze it. Make sure your freezer is set to 0 degrees Fahrenheit (-18 degrees Celsius) to ensure that the bread stays as cold as possible to prevent decay. Write the freezing date on the bag so you know how long it's been in the freezer. If you freeze multiple loaves of bread, put the freshest ones in the back so that the older loaves get eaten sooner. Leave the bread in your freezer until you're ready to use it. Avoid exposing the bread to any significant temperature fluctuations. Try to avoid bagging and freezing bread on humid days. Humidity can cause a loaf of bread to get soft or even damp. Store your bread the right way before and after freezing. Whether you have not yet frozen a loaf of bread or have recently defrosted a loaf, it's important to store it correctly. Proper storage will help prolong the quality of the bread and ensure that it is still in good shape when you reach for it next. It's best not to store bread in the refrigerator. While the cool temperature can help prevent mold from growing, it can also dry out your bread prematurely. Crusty breads and rolls keep best when stored in a paper bag and eaten within a day of baking. These breads may not survive the freezing process as well as a heartier loaf of bread. Regular loaves should be kept at room temperature. Keep regular loaves of bread in a bread bag, plastic bag, or bread box with adequate ventilation. Use frozen bread in a timely manner. Bread will stay relatively fresh in the freezer, but it will not stay good indefinitely. Even frozen bread has a finite shelf life, and should be eaten within a few weeks of freezing (if possible). Some bakers recommend using frozen bread within three months. Other bakers recommend using a frozen loaf of bread within one month. The biggest factors in determining whether your bread will keep in the freezer for a month or three months are the type of bread you've frozen, the conditions you stored it in prior to freezing, and whether the bread was kept at a stable temperature while frozen. Leaving a loaf frozen in your freezer for too long, or subjecting the frozen loaf to drastic temperature fluctuations, can have a negative impact on the bread's quality.	Thaw out as many slices as you'll need. Arrange the slices on a microwave-safe plate. Use a microwave to warm the frozen slices. Heat up frozen slices of bread in a toaster oven. Leave the bread out at room temperature. Use an oven to thaw out frozen bread. Soften a hard, crusty loaf of bread. Rejuvenate the crust on a thawed loaf of bread. Know the average shelf life of bread. Use high-quality freezer bags. Freeze a loaf properly to ensure its quality remains. Store your bread the right way before and after freezing. Use frozen bread in a timely manner.
https://www.wikihow.com/Add-Tradelines-to-Your-Credit-Report	How to Add Tradelines to Your Credit Report	To add positive tradelines to your credit report, start by checking your credit report to see if it includes all your former loans that were successfully paid. Then, call any lenders who are not listed and ask them to send the data to the credit bureaus. Additionally, see if you can add pre-existing accounts to your credit report, such as utility payments and in-store accounts that you've been paying on time. You can also add your rent payments to your credit report, but keep in mind that you would need to do this through a third-party service like Rent Reporters.	Understand the benefits of creating new credit accounts. When you create a new credit account, you accomplish a few things. First, you create a new tradeline, which is a new opportunity to have a positive record on your credit report. Secondly, opening new tradelines can improve your credit score by increasing your total available credit, and adding to the types of credit you have (providing you are very responsible with payments). Two key factors that determine your credit score are the types of credit you have, including things like mortgages and credit cards, and the amount of credit you have compared to how much you have used. Having more kinds of credit improves your credit score, and having more credit also improves your credit score (providing most of it is unused). Adding tradelines to your account can easily destroy your credit score if you are not extremely responsible with the new credit accounts. In fact, a wise suggestion is to not even use the new credit you have, or only use it once a month for a small amount just to show positive repayment history. Decide if you need to create new tradelines. If you already have good credit from a variety of different credit sources and a good history of paying off that debt, chances are you don't need to add additional tradelines. The important thing is to strive for quality over quantity. You want several different lines of credit, like a credit card or two and a mortgage payment, that you've paid consistently for years. In addition, be sure to stay well below the limit on your credit cards. It won't hurt you to add more tradelines if you're careful with them, but after a certain point adding more won't significantly increase your credit score. Apply for a secured credit card. One tradeline that is both easy to get approved for and hard to abuse is a secured credit card. This is an excellent place to start if you want to add tradelines to your account and have poor credit. A secured credit card requires a security deposit equal to the amount of your credit line. Simply deposit the predetermined amount in your account, and then you can borrow against it. You can apply for a secured credit card online through your local bank, or you can visit the branch and apply there. Most banks offer some form of secured credit card. Like unsecured credit cards, these cards do have fees, generally an interest rate and an annual fee. It is wise to shop around beyond your local bank to compare interest rates and annual fees to make sure you are getting the best deal possible. Apply for credit accounts through department stores and merchants. Gas stations, credit unions, department stores, furniture retailers and jewelry stores are among creditors who sometimes have relatively lenient qualification processes and are, therefore, good places to start if you don't already have strong credit. These cards usually offer discounted purchases from the store as well. Consider this option if you have poor credit and are having difficulty getting approved for a traditional card. It is also important that you frequently use the store through which you are getting the card. This will allow you to build credit while saving money at the store. Note that these cards often have higher rates than traditional credit cards. As a result, it is important set clear limits to how much you can spend. Namely, never spend more than you can afford to pay in a single month. It is important to remember the goal of adding tradelines is to improve your credit, and it is therefore important to be very strict with any new credit accounts. Consider more traditional credit products. If you have the credit score and feel like you can responsibly manage more credit, consider applying for an additional credit card, or a line of credit. Generally speaking, try to apply for a type of credit you do not have. If you already have a credit card, consider applying for a line of credit. This shows creditors you can handle different types of credit. If you are unable to obtain approval for these types of products, consider using a co-signer. A co-signer is a friend, relative, or other individual who is willing to agree to pay the loan if you cannot. This can help gain approval. Remember that if you stop paying, you can damage the credit of your co-signer. Whatever new credit you get, use it sparingly. A good rule is never use more than 50% of your available limit. Ask a parent, relative, or close friend to add you to their account. This is a commonly recommended and handy way to add tradelines to your credit account with very low risk. Quite simply, credit accounts can often have more than one authorized user. If you ask someone you have a trusting relationship with to add you to their account as an authorized user, the tradeline will be added to your credit report. This means you can benefit from the other person's positive repayment history. On the other hand, you can also do major damage to the other persons credit history (and they can in-turn do damage to yours). To correct this, ask to be added as an authorized user, but be given no access to the accounts. This means you will not receive a card or any other means to spend with. At the same time, make sure the person who authorizes you has excellent credit history and stable income to make sure they do no damage to your credit history. IZM Credit Services offers this type of service. Report any in-store accounts to the credit bureaus. Three credit bureaus (Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion) determine your credit score, and creditors typically report your credit information to them. However, not all creditors do so, and this is especially true for various in-store accounts (like with a department store for example) for which you may have an installment loan. You can get these added to your credit report, which will add tradelines. For example, you may have bought a refrigerator, jewelry, a washer/dryer, or a new hot tub. You may be paying these items through an installment loan, and you may be paying these items regularly, and on-time. These stores often do not report credit information to the bureaus unless the account has gone to collections. However, they should be reporting positive information as well. You can simply ask them to report your account to the credit bureau's if you have been re-paying on-time and on-schedule. Make sure they report the information to all three bureaus. Obtain a copy of your credit reports. Once you have added in-store accounts, you want to actually check your credit reports to see what is currently on there. The reason for this is because it will be important to confirm that all your current credit is on there (especially fully paid previous accounts). To get your credit report, visit www.annualcreditreport.com. You can get one free credit report every 12 months from each of the three bureaus through this site. Make sure to obtain reports from all three bureaus to make sure there are no inaccuracies or inconsistencies between them. Note that the credit score is not free ( a small fee needs to be paid) but your main interest is in the reports, so you can check what tradelines are currently listed. Confirm that previous, successfully paid accounts are listed. All your current accounts should be listed on the report, but it is important to note that former loans that were appropriately paid can and should also be listed as tradelines. If you have successfully paid off a loan, creditors should know about it, as this helps give them a more complete picture of your behavior as a borrower. For example, you may have a previous auto-loan, or student loan that you successfully paid off. If these items are not listed on your report, it is very important you call your lender and request the item be sent to the three credit bureaus. If they state they have sent it to the credit bureaus, the issue may be on their end. In that case, you can contact them to ensure to see where the error was and how they can correct it. This simple step can add greatly to your credit. Add your utilities payments to your credit report. Utilities, like department stores, often only report you to the credit bureaus if you account has been sent to collections, or if you have not been paying on-time. If you have been regularly and successfully paying your utilities bills, however, this should reflect on your credit report. You can contact your utilities company and ask them to add the data to your credit report. Not all utility companies will comply, but many will. It is always worth it to ask, as the results can significantly improve your credit report. Understand how adding rent to your credit report works. Rent tradelines were typically not allowed on your credit score. However, this changed in 2011 when Experian announced they would be including rent. Recently, TransUnion also announced that they would also be including rent data. It is important to know that unlike other accounts, you cannot report rent directly to the credit bureaus yourself, and you must use a third-party service to do so. The three third-party rent reporting services are William Paid, Rental Karma, and Rent Reporters. Choose one of the three rent reporting services. All three services generally work the same: you submit and verify your payments to the reporting service, and then they send the information to the credit bureaus. The major difference is cost. Rent reporters is free for the first thirty days,and then costs $9.95 per month. Rental Karma is free, and William Paid is free but only if you pay your rent via electronic funds transfer. If you pay with cash or credit card, the fee is 2.95% of the rental amount. Visit the websites for each of these services to register or to learn more. Recognize that rent reporting does not affect your FICO score. While creditors will see rent tradelines on your account, it currently does not affect the main credit score, which is known as the FICO score. It does, however, affect your Vantage Score, which is another type of credit score that your creditors will often take into account.	Understand the benefits of creating new credit accounts. Decide if you need to create new tradelines. Apply for a secured credit card. Apply for credit accounts through department stores and merchants. Consider more traditional credit products. Ask a parent, relative, or close friend to add you to their account. Report any in-store accounts to the credit bureaus. Obtain a copy of your credit reports. Confirm that previous, successfully paid accounts are listed. Add your utilities payments to your credit report. Understand how adding rent to your credit report works. Choose one of the three rent reporting services. Recognize that rent reporting does not affect your FICO score.
https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Homemade-Food	How to Make Homemade Food	Cooking homemade food can save you money and be a lot of fun. Spaghetti is a delicious and easy meal to make. Bring a pot of water to a boil and cook the pasta for about 10 minutes. While the pasta is cooking, fry some onion, garlic, and ground beef in a pan. Then, add chopped tomatoes and simmer it for a few minutes. Serve the beef and sauce on top of the spaghetti. Another simple and tasty dish is a ham and cheese omelette. First, break a few eggs in a dish and beat them together with a fork. Cook the eggs in a little butter in a frying pan. When the eggs are nearly cooked, sprinkle in some grated cheese and sliced ham. Fold the omelette over and fry it for another few minutes or until it starts to turn brown.	Work on your basic skills to improve your cooking. Every home chef needs to know some basic skills, like how to chop vegetables , zest fruit , brown meat, boil an egg or pasta , and cook rice. Cooking eggs is also a basic skill that comes in handy. These skills will take you far if you spend some time learning them now before tackling more complicated recipes. Try watching videos to learn basics like chopping or grating. They will often go through the process step-by-step, and you can follow along at home. Learn kitchen safety to protect yourself and others. Kitchen safety is about the obvious dangers, such as cutting yourself with a knife or burning yourself on the stove. However, it's also about the less obvious dangers, such as not cooking foods like raw meat to the proper temperature so it's safe to eat. Explore videos or cooking tutorials about kitchen safety to help you learn things like avoiding cross-contamination and keeping meat at safe temperatures. with basic ingredients. Stock your kitchen It's hard to improvise and make your own recipes if you don't have ingredients on hand. Of course, you'll usually need to shop for perishables for each recipe, but there's plenty of things you can keep on hand to improvise recipes. For instance, keep canned goods like tomato paste, tomato sauce, canned tomatoes, coconut milk, and canned beans in your pantry. You can use coconut milk and tomato sauce for a curry or add the beans to a dish for quick and easy protein. In dried foods, keep things like pasta, rice, lentils, barley, and quinoa on hand. These foods can provide a foundation for a dish. It also helps to have flour and cornstarch on hand to thicken foods and make gravies. Stock up your seasonings with spices and herbs like Italian seasoning, garlic powder, onion powder, paprika, chili powder, cumin, curry powder, dill, and rosemary. Keep proteins in your freezer, such as chicken breasts, ground beef, and pork chops. In the refrigerator, keep ingredients you can add to dishes, such as bouillon paste, Worcestershire sauce, soy sauce, sesame oil, mustard, and olive oil. Find recipes online and through cooking apps. When you're just starting out, a recipe is a good place to begin. Look for simple recipes that you'd like to try, or even watch videos that go step-by-step through a recipe. It can be a great way to get started cooking when you don't have much experience. Cooking apps put recipes at the tips of your fingers, and you can save your favorite recipes for later. Be creative! It's okay with deviating from the recipe. A recipe is just a guide, and you have to develop the knowledge to know when you need to follow that guide and when not to. For instance, a recipe may call for a casserole to bake for 30 minutes, but if it's not bubbling and brown on top, you may need to bake it another 10 minutes. Start mixing up recipes with your favorite flavors. As you start to recognize flavors you like, try playing around with recipes. Don't completely change a recipe. Instead, start with 1 or 2 ingredients, and swap them out for similar ingredients that you like better. For instance, if a recipe calls for yellow mustard, try swapping in Dijon. If you find you don't care for a particular herb, like oregano, try swapping another one in, like rosemary. Improvise when you don't have an ingredient. It can be tempting to run to the store when you're out of an ingredient a recipe calls for. Sometimes, that's necessary. Other times, you can find an ingredient in your pantry or refrigerator that will be a perfect substitution. Think about the nature of the ingredient and what it does for the recipe. For instance, if a recipe calls for lemon juice, it's likely adding sourness and flavor to the dish. You may be able to swap in red wine vinegar, for instance, or balsamic vinegar. It's important to think about the dish. Balsamic vinegar wouldn't work in a dish like chicken piccata, as the heavy flavor would completely change it. You could try it, but you have to keep in mind you're going to end up with a very different dish. Try making your own recipe. Once you've learned to improvise a bit, it's time to set out on your own! You can look at recipes online to get an idea of what you want to do, but then step away from them and try to figure out a recipe just by yourself. It may not be perfect, but it will be a valuable learning experience for next time. Try going to the farmer's market and picking up a few fresh ingredients for inspiration. Then, use what you've learned from other recipes to create your own concoction. Be prepared for mistakes, but don't sweat them. Mistakes are going to happen in the kitchen. You're going to burn the bread sometimes, or accidentally put in too much salt. Try to salvage it if you can. After all, no one else knows exactly what you're going for, and it may still be delicious. If you can't salvage it, laugh it off and learn from your mistake! If you want to try a new recipe, practice when you have the time, such as on the weekend. Don't try it out when you're going to be feeding a crowd. Crack the eggs into a bowl and beat them. Knock the egg gently on a flat surface to crack it. Use your thumbs to pry it open over a small bowl. Repeat for the other 2 eggs. Add in a couple of dashes of salt and pepper, and beat the eggs together with a fork. To beat the eggs, gently break up the yolks with the fork by piercing them. Then, whip the eggs in a circular motion to mix them up. If eggshells drop in the bowl, use another piece of eggshell to fish them out. Grate 1–2 ounces (28–57 g) of cheddar cheese and chop the ham. Use a small grater to shred the cheese. Run the cheese up and down on the grater until it's all shredded, and set it aside for the moment. Be careful to keep your fingers out of the way so you don't cut yourself. You can buy pre-shredded cheese if you prefer. If you're using the ham, cut it into small pieces with a sharp knife. If the ham is cold, heat in the microwave for 15-30 seconds. Heat a couple of pats of butter in a medium frying pan. Place a frying pan on the stove over medium to medium-high heat. Add the butter to the pan, and let it cook until it's foaming. Spread it out over the pan with a spatula. Add the eggs to the pan and spread them out. Pour your egg mixture into the pan, and move the pan around so the eggs go all the way to the edge of the pan. You can also use a fork or a spatula to help spread them out. Let the eggs cook as is for a few minutes. Sprinkle the cheese in after the eggs are mostly cooked. Watch the eggs. As they cook, they should start to firm up on the bottom. Once they do, they shouldn't jiggle too much if you move the skillet. However, they should still look a little wet on top. Sprinkle the cheese over the omelette. Add the ham now, too, if you're using ham. Fold the omelette over. Run your spatula under the edges of the omelette all the way around, though be gentle. Fold one side of the omelette over the other side, like a taco. Remove the omelette when it starts to brown. The bottom of the omelette will start to turn light brown. When it does, tilt the pan slightly over a plate, and use your spatula to guide it down onto the plate. Sprinkle a bit of fresh parsley over the omelette if you'd like. If your omelette happens to come out a little underdone, never fear. You can either stick it back in the pan for a few minutes on the other side, or you can even place it in the microwave for 30 seconds or so. However, the middle should be fairly soft. Brown 1 pound (0.45 kg) of beef in a pot or large saucepan. Heat a pan over medium heat. Break up the beef in the pan, and add a sprinkling of salt and pepper. Cook the beef until it's not pink anymore, and continue to break up the chunks as you go. If your beef is especially lean, you may need to add a little olive oil to the pan first. If you don't want to use ground beef, just skip this step. You can also use ground pork, turkey, or chicken in place of the ground beef. Dice the onion and garlic. Set a garlic clove on a cutting board, and smash the flat side of a large knife against the garlic clove with your fist. Peel the skin off the garlic, then chop it into small pieces. Repeat for all the cloves. Use 4 cloves if you like garlic a lot or 2 if you want your sauce to be less potent. A single garlic clove is 1 piece out of the large head of garlic. If you prefer, you can use the garlic that comes chopped in a jar. It will tell you how much to measure out for 1 clove. You can even use garlic powder, but wait until you start cooking the tomatoes before you add it. Peel and dice the onion. Cut the ends off the onion, and then slice it down the middle the other way. Peel off the skin. Place the onions flat-side down on the surface of the cutting board. Slice along the onion so that you create half rings of onion. Turn the onion the other way, and make cuts to create diced pieces. Onion is not absolutely necessary, but it adds a lot of flavor. Take the beef out of the pan and cook the onion and garlic. Place the beef in a separate dish for the moment. Pour a couple of spoonfuls of olive oil into the pan, and then add the onions. Cook them for 4-5 minutes, stirring occasionally, then add the garlic. Cook the onions and garlic for another 2-3 minutes. The onions should look translucent. Add the tomatoes and beef back into the pan. Stir the tomatoes and beef into the onions and garlic. If you're using whole canned tomatoes, use the spoon to break them up in the pan a bit. You can add about 1 cup (240 mL) of beef stock at this point if you'd like. Otherwise, rinse out the tomato can with a bit of water, and pour it into the pan. Add the basil and let the sauce simmer for about 20 minutes. Tear up the fresh basil with your hands, and stir it into the sauce. While stirring, turn up the sauce to medium-high, and let it simmer. You can use a couple of spoonfuls of dried basil or Italian seasoning if you don't have fresh basil. Simmering is light bubbling. Stir the sauce often as it simmers and thickens. Cook the spaghetti noodles. Bring salted water to boil in a separate pot over high heat. Once the water is boiling, add the spaghetti noodles to the pot. As the noodles soften, stir them with a slotted pasta spoon, the kind that has small fingers extending from it. Stirring the noodles after you put them in helps stop them from sticking to one another. The noodles should take about 9-11 minutes, but check the back of the package. Test the noodles and serve your dish. Pull a noodle out, and run it under cold water. Taste it to see if it's done. It should be easy to chew with a slight bite, not crunchy. If it's done, drain the noodles in a colander. Ladle some onto a plate, and pour some of your sauce on top. Top your spaghetti with some fresh Parmesan. Store leftovers in the fridge in an airtight container. Eat them within 3 or 4 days. Chop the carrots into bite-sized pieces. Use a cutting board and a large chef's knife. Slice the carrots in half first, and then lay the flat side down on the cutting board. Cut off half rounds, going down the length of the carrot. Scrub your vegetables thoroughly under running water before chopping them. Heat the 2 tablespoons (30 mL) of olive oil over moderate heat. Set a pot that holds ⁄ 4 to 1 gallon (2.8 to 3.8 L) of liquid on the stove and turn the burner on medium heat. Pour in the oil, and let it start heating up slowly. Add the carrots to the pot and start chopping the celery. The carrots need to go in first because they take longer to cook. While they're cooking, begin chopping the celery. Slice it in rounds, cutting across the rib of the celery. If the pieces get too large, chop them in half. The celery needs longer to cook than the onion. Add the celery to the pot and chop the onion. Pour the celery in the pot, and stir it around. Cut the ends off the onion, and slice down the middle the other way. Peel off the outer skin. Place the halves with the flat side down on the cutting board to dice them. Cut parallel along the rings, creating 3 or 4 cuts across the onion half. Turn the onion, and cut across the onion the other way, creating small, bite-sized pieces. Add the onions to the pot and cook them until they soften. Stir the onions into the other vegetables so they can start cooking. Cook them over medium heat until the onion begins to turn translucent, and continue to stir the vegetables as they cook. Pour in the 6 cups (1,400 mL) of chicken stock and the seasonings. Add the bay leaves and 1 teaspoon (4.9 mL) poultry seasoning to the stock. However, you should save the fresh parsley for the end. Bring the pot up to a boil and add the chicken. Turn the heat up so the pot comes to a boil. A boil is when you see it bubbling violently at the top. When it boils, drop in the chicken pieces. If you prefer, you can cut the chicken into bite-sized chunks before adding it to the pot, which will reduce your cooking time. Clean kitchen shears work well for cutting meat. You can also use cooked chicken, but you don't need to cook it as long. Let the pot simmer for 20 minutes or so for whole pieces. Cover the pot with a lid. Turn it down to medium-to-low heat. You want it to just be lightly bubbling on top while it cooks the chicken and incorporates the flavor of the spices. You can also start with frozen chicken pieces, but you'll need to cook it in the pot about 40 minutes instead. If you diced your chicken, you'll only need to cook it a couple of minutes before adding the noodles. Cook the egg noodles. Pour the egg noodles into the pot when the chicken is done or almost done. Stir them in, and let them boil for about 6 minutes, until they are tender. To check for doneness, pull a noodle out and run it under cold water. Then taste it to see if it is done. Shred the whole pieces of chicken while the noodles are finishing up. If you used whole pieces of chicken, use a ladle to spoon them out on a plate. With a knife and fork, shred the chicken into bite-sized chunks, making sure they aren't pink in the middle. The chicken should fall apart fairly easily. If the chicken is still pink in the middle, put it back in the pot to cook for longer or heat it in the microwave. Get out a new plate for shredding the chicken if you put the chicken back in the pot. If you want to use cooked chicken, add it a few minutes before the noodles are done cooking so it can heat up. Finish up the soup with parsley. Throw the shredded chicken back into the pot, and add the fresh parsley. Fish out the bay leaves, and throw them in the trash, as they're not very edible. You can also add some fresh dill at the end if you'd like.	Work on your basic skills to improve your cooking. Learn kitchen safety to protect yourself and others. with basic ingredients. Find recipes online and through cooking apps. Be creative! Start mixing up recipes with your favorite flavors. Improvise when you don't have an ingredient. Try making your own recipe. Be prepared for mistakes, but don't sweat them. Crack the eggs into a bowl and beat them. Grate 1–2 ounces (28–57 g) of cheddar cheese and chop the ham. Heat a couple of pats of butter in a medium frying pan. Add the eggs to the pan and spread them out. Sprinkle the cheese in after the eggs are mostly cooked. Fold the omelette over. Remove the omelette when it starts to brown. Brown 1 pound (0.45 kg) of beef in a pot or large saucepan. Dice the onion and garlic. Peel and dice the onion. Take the beef out of the pan and cook the onion and garlic. Add the tomatoes and beef back into the pan. Add the basil and let the sauce simmer for about 20 minutes. Cook the spaghetti noodles. Test the noodles and serve your dish. Chop the carrots into bite-sized pieces. Heat the 2 tablespoons (30 mL) of olive oil over moderate heat. Add the carrots to the pot and start chopping the celery. Add the celery to the pot and chop the onion. Add the onions to the pot and cook them until they soften. Pour in the 6 cups (1,400 mL) of chicken stock and the seasonings. Bring the pot up to a boil and add the chicken. Let the pot simmer for 20 minutes or so for whole pieces. Cook the egg noodles. Shred the whole pieces of chicken while the noodles are finishing up. Finish up the soup with parsley.
https://www.wikihow.com/Recognize-the-Difference-Between-a-Cold-and-the-Flu-(Influenza)	How to Recognize the Difference Between a Cold and the Flu (Influenza)	If you're feeling sick and you're not sure if it's a cold or the flu, take your temperature with a thermometer. If it's higher than 100.4°F for adults or 99.5°F in children, you have a fever, which is very common with the flu and uncommon for a cold. Other symptoms of the flu include a sudden onset of aches, chills, dizziness, and exhaustion. With a cold, your symptoms will come on more slowly. They'll also be less severe, and may include a runny nose, cough, and thick mucus.	Take your temperature. A fever is one of the most common symptoms of the flu, and rarely occurs with the common cold. Measure your temperature using a home thermometer, or visit a doctor to have your temperature taken there. The average healthy body temperature is 98.6ºF (37ºC) when measured orally (by mouth), but it's normal for this to vary by 1ºF (0.6ºC) in either direction. The temperature reading that is considered a fever depends on your age and which type of thermometer you use: Mouth: 100.4ºF (38ºC) or higher for adults, 99.5ºF (37.5ºC) for children Ear or Rectum (bottom): 101ºF (38.3ºC) or higher for adults, 100.4ºF (38ºC) for children Armpit: 99.4ºF (37.4ºC) or higher. This is a less accurate method of measurement. Think about the severity of your symptoms. With a cold, the symptoms you experience are less severe. While you may experience things like a runny nose, sore throat, and other ailments, you will not feel completely run down. With the flu, symptoms will be more severe and you will likely struggle with simple tasks. During the first couple days of the flu, symptoms can include aches, chills, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and a flushed face. If the flu causes a high fever (103ºF / 39.4ºC or higher), you may experience hallucinations, confusion, dehydration, irritability, or convulsions. Identify congestion from a cold versus the flu. The main symptoms of a cold are often congestion-related, such as coughing, sneezing, and a runny nose. When you have the flu, these symptoms typically appear only after the fever has run its course, after two to four days. Nasal mucus from the flu also tends to be clear and watery, not thick. Remember to consider the severity as well. If symptoms of congestion are debilitating, they may be caused by a fever. They will also not be your only symptoms. You will notice other things, such as exhaustion and general aches and pains, if you have a fever. Take note of chest discomfort. General discomfort centered in your chest is common when you have the flu (and accompanying fever). It is less common when you have a cold, and tends to be more mild and related to coughing and sneezing. Consider whether you feel exhausted. If you have a cold, you're generally still able to engage in daily tasks. While you may feel tired, you will be able to get out of bed, shower, run errands, and so on. With the flu, however, you will feel completely exhausted. You will feel a need to lie down during the day. Consider how fast symptoms started. Colds tend to come on gradually. You will start sniffling for a few days and then symptoms will become more severe. The flu, however, can rapidly cause a fever. You may go to bed feeling fine and wake up very sick. Look at your eating habits. Have you noticed any changes in appetite? With a cold, you will still want food. Your eating habits will only change slightly, if at all. With the flu, however, you may notice you're uninterested in food altogether. You may have no desire to eat while symptoms persist. Think about risk factors. Both the cold and the flu are contagious diseases. Think about any sick people you've been exposed to and whether they had a cold or the flu. Cold symptoms are most contagious during the earliest stages of infection, when the disease is less severe. If you were recently around someone who was experiencing mild sniffling or sneezing, you may have a cold. Flu symptoms typically appear two or three days after you were exposed to the virus, but it can take anywhere from one to seven days. Get plenty of rest. Colds may be common, but that doesn't mean you should ignore them. If possible, rest at home for a couple days or until you feel better. If you cannot miss school or work, go to bed early so you can sleep as much as you need — potentially up to 12 hours. Take medication to relieve symptoms. If you think you have a cold, go for an over-the-counter pain reliever such as acetaminophen. You can also treat specific symptoms with remedies such as nasal sprays, decongestants, or cough syrups. Always check to make sure medications do not interfere with your existing medications and follow package instructions closely. Do not take decongestants for more than five days in a row. Consult a doctor before giving medicine to young children. Do not take aspirin if you are 18 years old or younger, due to the risk of Reye's syndrome. Stay hydrated. Drinking plenty of fluids will help you recover faster. If you have sinus pain or a dry nose, it may also help to run a humidifier or inhale steam. See a doctor for new or worsening symptoms. Most colds go away after three or four restful days. If you feel worse after that time, or if you develop any new symptoms, see a doctor. Some more serious problems are easily mistaken for a cold, so don't hesitate to get a checkup. Seek medical attention right away if you feel short of breath, cough up blood or colored mucus (including yellow), or if deep breaths cause chest pain. Call a doctor if your sore throat lasts more than a week, or if it is accompanied by other throat symptoms such as pain while swallowing, swollen glands, white patches, or rash. Take your temperature regularly. If you have a fever, you may have the flu after all. If your symptoms don't match the flu or a cold, see a doctor immediately. Get medical help if you have certain health conditions. If you have certain health conditions, any symptoms of a cold should be evaluated. Even if you don't think you have a fever, see a doctor if you have any of the following conditions: Asthma Diabetes Kidney or liver disease Lowered immunity A history of strokes or transient ischaemic attacks Rest. Most people with mild flu symptoms start to feel better after three or four days of bed rest, and recover completely within a week or two. Take it easy and cancel your plans — your health and the health of those around you are more important. Stay hydrated and avoid cigarettes and alcohol. Drinking plenty of liquids is a basic but important treatment. Cut out smoking and alcohol while you still have symptoms. Fight a low fever with OTC medication. If you are an adult and have a fever no higher than 103ºF (39.4ºC) when measured by mouth, you can treat it at home. Take an over-the-counter fever reducer such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen to lower this. You do not need to eliminate the fever entirely; even a small drop in temperature can make you feel better. Anyone aged 18 or younger should avoid aspirin, which can cause a rare but potentially fatal illness called Reye's syndrome. The chance is higher during a viral infection like the flu. Take cold medication for other symptoms. If you have congestion or a sore throat, you can take over the counter cold medication to make yourself feel better. These just treat the symptoms, not the underlying cause, so it will work even when you have the flu. Always check the active ingredients before you take multiple medications. Do not take two drugs that list the same active ingredient, such as acetaminophen, as a double dose may be dangerous. Many over the counter cold treatments combine multiple drugs and do not necessarily list them on the front of the container. Identify a dangerous fever based on age. A high fever may require prescription anti-viral medications to prevent more serious problems such as pneumonia. The "danger point" depends on your age: Infants under 3 months: call a doctor immediately for a temperature of 100.4ºF (38ºC) or higher. Children 3 months to 5 years: call a doctor immediately for a temperature of 102ºF (38.9ºC). Adults and children age 5 or older: if an oral temperature of 104ºF (40ºC) lasts for more than 4 hours, call a doctor. Adults 65 and older: this group is at higher risk of serious complications from the flu, and in some cases may not have a high temperature despite a bad infection. When in doubt, call a doctor. Watch for warning signs. Seek medical attention right away if you experience any of the following: Any fever lasting more than three days. Inability to drink fluids without vomiting. Meningitis symptoms such as sensitivity to bright light, a stiff neck, or a severe headache. Any unusual symptoms, especially major mood changes, seizures, skin rash, or severe throat swelling. Any symptoms that don't start to improve within 3 to 5 days. See a doctor early if you are at risk of complications. The flu is more likely to cause pneumonia, bronchitis, and other complications in certain groups of people. Taking prescription anti-viral medication within 48 hours of symptoms appearing lowers this risk, and speeds up recovery. The following people should always see a doctor as soon as they develop flu symptoms: Anyone with a chronic or long-term medical problem, including asthma, other lung diseases, diabetes, kidney or liver disease, or a blood disorder. Anyone with a history of strokes or transient ischaemic attacks. Anyone with a weakened immune system, for instance due to AIDS or chemotherapy. Women more than 3 months pregnant. Anyone living in a long-term care facility. Children under 2 and adults over 65.	Take your temperature. Think about the severity of your symptoms. Identify congestion from a cold versus the flu. Take note of chest discomfort. Consider whether you feel exhausted. Consider how fast symptoms started. Look at your eating habits. Think about risk factors. Get plenty of rest. Take medication to relieve symptoms. Stay hydrated. See a doctor for new or worsening symptoms. Get medical help if you have certain health conditions. Rest. Stay hydrated and avoid cigarettes and alcohol. Fight a low fever with OTC medication. Take cold medication for other symptoms. Identify a dangerous fever based on age. Watch for warning signs. See a doctor early if you are at risk of complications.
https://www.wikihow.com/Care-for-Rough,-Dry-Feet	How to Care for Rough, Dry Feet	To care for rough, dry feet, start by soaking your feet for 15 minutes in a tub of warm water mixed with 1/2 cup of Epsom salt. Next, exfoliate the rough areas of your feet with a pumice stone or stiff brush to remove the dead skin. Then, moisturize your feet with olive or coconut oil and put on a pair of cotton socks to lock in the moisture. Additionally, make sure to drink at least 8 glasses of water a day so that your skin will stay hydrated and not dry out as quickly.	Soak your feet. Although spending a long time in a chlorinated pool or hot bath is not good for the skin, soaking your feet for 15 minutes prior to moisturizing or exfoliating is helpful. Once your feet have healed and are no longer dry and rough, you won't have to soak them for treatment. Long soaks in a hot bath deplete the natural oils in the skin and the heat reduces the moisture in skin's outer layer, all of which contribute to dry skin, so limit the time you soak. Do not soak your feet more than three times per week or you'll contribute to the drying skin instead of treating it. You can make different soaking mixtures, including: A mixture of baking soda and antifungal powder. Mild soap (scented if you wish) with a bucket of warm water. 3 tbsp (75 g) of Epsom salt dissolved in ⁄ 2 US gal (1.9 L) of water. A quarter cup of white vinegar in a bucket of warm water. A quarter cup of lemon juice that will dissolve dead and dry skin. Exfoliate. Mechanical exfoliation means removing the dead top layer of skin in order to treat the underlying layers. You can use a pumice stone, stiff brush, or loofah after softening the top layers of skin through soaking. A pumice stone is found at a pharmacy or in the pharmacy department of a large store. These are great for removing thick skin from the bottoms and heels of your feet. You don't need a specific type of stiff brush. Even a brush from the household cleaning department works as long as you don't use it for anything else. It's a good idea to soak your feet in warm water or take a warm shower for 10–15 minutes before exfoliating. Moisturize. Once you have removed the outer layer of dead cells it's time to add moisture back to the skin. Moisturize immediately after a shower or soaking using a non-alcohol based product to trap the moisture that is on the skin and keep the skin moist. Some moisturizers work to seal in the moisture on your skin and others work by penetrating the skin to the dermal layer. Either way, since the skin on your feet is thicker than the skin on the rest of the body, opt for a thick cream to ensure it can penetrate deep into the skin. Thick creams like Eucerin and Cetaphil work to trap the moisture in the skin. Other products with lanolin work in the same way. Olive oil has the same effect on the skin and is likely in your kitchen cabinet. Use just a little, rubbing it and massaging it into the skin. Other moisturizers will be absorbed into the skin and work at the dermal layer. Coconut oil is an oil that has many beneficial properties, including being naturally antibacterial and antifungal. Used on your feet it will moisturize the skin, improve healing of any cracked areas, and help prevent infections. Alcohol-based products may be less “greasy” feeling, but the alcohol will also dry the skin out faster. After moisturizing your feet put on a pair of cotton socks to reduce the potential for slipping and falling on the floor and to keep the moisturizer on your feet. See your doctor. If these remedies are not successful after repeated use, you may need to see your doctor. Expect to be tested for hypothyroidism if the dry skin extends to your arms and legs as well. If your dry skin is resistant to the measures you have taken at home, your doctor may recommend an over-the-counter product that contains lactic acid or lactic acid and urea. These ingredients help the skin to hold more moisture. A more serious condition might require prescription ointments or creams to reduce the potential that the skin will crack due to dryness. Stay hydrated. Your skin uses the moisture in your body to stay hydrated and nourished. When you get dehydrated, the water in your body is used for the highest priority functions, like blood flow, before it is used in the skin. By drinking at least eight 8 oz glasses of water per day, the skin all over your body will stay hydrated and not dry out quickly. Try to avoid alcohol and caffeine whenever possible as these can heighten the itchiness of dry feet. Watch the side effects of any medications you are taking. Diuretics used to decrease the amount of water in the body or topical or oral retinoids used to treat acne can cause temporary dry skin. If the side effect of dry skin is present for more than two weeks, discuss a potential medication change with your physician. Wear cotton socks. Cotton socks allow your feet to breathe and dry off if you're sweating. Keeping sweat against your skin will increase the rate at which moisture leaves the skin and your feet dry out. Change your socks daily or after sweating (e.g., from a workout or a long walk). Wash them well after each use. Sleep in socks after you moisturize your feet each night. Wear shoes that allow your feet to breathe. Avoid wearing the same pair of shoes day in and day out. Your feet need to breathe in order to retain moisture so try to wear supportive sandals during the summer or other shoes with air pockets. During the winter, avoid wearing your heavy winter boots indoors at work or school and instead bring another pair of lighter and more breathable shoes to change into. To ensure your feet stay healthy, make sure to wear shoes with proper arch support. Avoid harsh, drying soaps. Harsh soaps do not get you any cleaner than one that is gentle to your skin. However, they do dry out your skin and leave you prone to dry skin. Harsh soaps deplete the fats in your skin, which leaves your skin feeling tight and dry. Dermatologists often recommend soaps with a high glycerin content, such as pure glycerin bar soaps and naturally made bar soaps. You can find these at most drug stores and all natural health stores. Use warm water in the shower or bath. Instead of a having a hot shower or bath, keep the water at a warm temperature and limit your time to less than 10 minutes in the water. Hot water and low humidity in the air reduce the water in the outer layer of in the skin, which results in skin that feels tight and dry. A good rule of thumb is to set your water temperature in the shower/bath to one that feels comfortable but that doesn't make your skin red. Know the functions of your skin. Your skin, your body's largest organ, is tough and stretches. It has the job of protecting your body from bacteria, viruses, and fungi. When there are cracks and breaks in the skin, this allows infectious agents to access your blood supply. In addition, your skin functions in thermoregulation, or keeping your body temperature at an optimal temperature for functioning. Your skin is sensitive which allows you to feel different types of sensations which are interpreted by the brain. There are no areas of the body that are normally numb, or without feeling, including your feet. New skin cells are made each day. Your body gets rid of between 30,000 and 40,000 skin cells from all over the body every minute of every day. The dead skin cells are on the top 18 to 23 layers of skin. Your outer layer of skin which consists of dead skin cells is called the epidermis. This area of the skin is very thin in some areas of the body — such as the eyelids — and thicker in others — such as the bottom of your feet. When the old skin cells in the epidermis fall off, new cells are underneath. Diagnose dry and rough feet. Dry skin is called xerosis. It will appear lighter in color than the rest of the foot and will often feel rough to the touch. You might experience: Itchiness Cracked skin Redness Fissures (deep cracks) in the heel of the foot Peeling skin Both the heel and ball of the foot where most of the contact with the ground is made, are at higher risk of becoming rough. This increases the risk of cracking and peeling skin. Understand the causes of dry feet. The skin on the bottom of your feet can become dry and rough for a number of different reasons, including: Age : Age and hormonal imbalances caused by aging (due to processes like menopause) cause your skin to lose elasticity and lipids, which increases the risk of dry skin. Climate : Living in a dry climate can reduce the amount of moisture in the skin and result in dry skin. In addition, air conditioning removes humidity from the air, reducing the natural moisture in the skin. Winter weather is also damaging to the skin. Skin conditions : Atopic dermatitis and psoriasis are two skin conditions which can develop dry and rough patches where they affect the skin. Chlorine : Swimming or soaking in highly chlorinated pools can reduce the natural moisture in your skin. Medical conditions : People who have diabetes often suffer from dry skin on their feet, which increases their risk of infections. Poor blood supply can lead to reduced moisture to the skin cells and increase the risk of complications. If you have diabetes and dry feet, visit a doctor or podiatrist for your foot care needs. Prevent dry and rough feet. Prevention is always the best medicine. It is easier to keep your feet well cared for than to reverse the effects of dry and rough skin. Here are some tips for maintaining healthy and soft feet: As you age, take good care of your feet, using the treatments mentioned above. If you swim consistently in a chlorinated pool, take extra precautions to care for the skin over your feet. Chlorine will remove moisture from your skin and result in dry skin. Shower and bathe only as long as necessary to get clean but not longer. Opt for showers over baths to decrease the risk of reducing the natural moisture in your skin. Always moisturize (with a non-alcoholic moisturizer) after each bath or shower. If you suffer from atopic dermatitis or psoriasis, take special care of the skin on your feet to reduce the potential for cracked and peeling skin. If you have diabetes, evaluate your feet every night for breaks in the skin. You can reduce the risk of developing complications related to your diabetes if you practice prevention and care for your feet.	Soak your feet. Exfoliate. Moisturize. See your doctor. Stay hydrated. Watch the side effects of any medications you are taking. Wear cotton socks. Wear shoes that allow your feet to breathe. Avoid harsh, drying soaps. Use warm water in the shower or bath. Know the functions of your skin. Diagnose dry and rough feet. Understand the causes of dry feet. Prevent dry and rough feet.
https://www.wikihow.com/Treat-Fin-Rot	How to Treat Fin Rot	To treat fin rot, contain the disease by cleaning the tank and accessories in hot water and soaking everything for 5-10 minutes. Also, keep the affected fish in its own tank. If the fin rot doesn't improve in a few days, try an antibacterial fin rot treatment. You can also add 1 or 2 drops of tea tree oil and 1 ounce of tonic salt per gallon of tank water as a preventative treatment. Other preventative treatments include changing the water weekly and making sure your tank isn't overcrowded.	Take the affected fish out of the tank. Start by removing the affected fish from the tank and placing him in a separate tank with clean, fresh unchlorinated water. You will also need to remove the other fish in the tank to a separate container with clean, fresh unchlorinated water. Use a different net to remove the other fish as fish rot can be spread through shared nets. Do not place the affected fish in the same container as the other fish as this can cause the fin rot to spread. Wash the tank and all the tank accessories. You will then need to drain the tank of all the water in the sink. Take out all the tank accessories as well as the gravel in the tank. Give the tank a good wash with hot water. Do not use soap when you clean the tank. Use paper towels to get into the crevices of the tank and make sure it has been cleaned thoroughly. Soak the tank accessories in hot water for five to ten minutes. If you have live plants, soak them in lukewarm water. You can then take them out of the water and let them air dry. Wash the gravel with warm water and hoover it with a small vacuum to get rid of any dirt or debris. Do a 100% water change. Once you have washed the tank thoroughly and let it air dry, you can place the gravel and the tank accessories back into the tank. If your tank is uncycled, do a 100% water change using dechlorinated or conditioned water. Make sure the water is at 80-82 degrees F (26-27 degrees C). If your tank is cycled, meaning there is an established colony of beneficial bacteria built up on the submerged surfaces of the tank (accumulated mainly through fish living in the tank and excreting nitrogen), you can do a 50% water change; subsequent smaller proportion water changes are recommended. If your tank has a water filter, you should take a bucket of the fresh tank water and wash the filter with the water. Once the filter is cleaned of any gunk or dirt, you can place it in the tank. Do not use tap water to clean the filter as this can contaminate the filter. Check the pH of the tank water. Before you put your fish back in the tank, you should use a pH test kit to ensure the water quality is good. The pH should be around 7-8 and the ammonia, zero nitrites and nitrates should be no higher than 40 ppm. Once you have confirmed the water is suitable for your fish, you can slowly add the fish back into the tank, including the fish with fin rot. You may then add antibiotics or antifungal medication to the tank water to help kill the fin rot. The combination of a clean tank and medication should help your fish to get rid of the fin rot. Use antibacterial fin rot treatment. If your fish's fin rot does not improve within a few days of cleaning and treating the tank, you may want to try antibacterial fin rot treatment. You can find this medication over the counter at your local pet store. Look for fin rot medication that is made for your type of fish, such as fin rot medication for a Betta fish or a goldfish. Follow the dosage directions on the label. These medications often contain antibiotics to kill off the fungal infection, such as erythromycin, minocycline, trimethoprim and sulfadimidine. Make sure the fin rot treatment does not contain any organic dyes, as they can be toxic to certain fish. Popular types of fin rot treatment include Jungle Fungus Eliminator and Tetracycline. You can also use brands like Maracyn, Maracyn II, Waterlife- Myxazin, and MelaFix. Try tea tree oil and salt. An alternative to commercial medication is the use of tea tree oil and salt. However, tea tree oil is not considered a reliable treatment and should be used as a preventative measure rather than a cure. You may need to supplement the tea tree oil treatment with antibacterial medication or antibiotics. You can add a one to two drops of tea tree oil to the tank water to keep the water clean and sterile. Make sure your fish do not react negatively to the tea tree oil before you add more to the tank the following day. Tonic salt, or sodium chloride, can also be used to prevent fin rot. Add 1 ounce salt per gallon of tank water. Only use tonic salt on salt-tolerant freshwater fish. Use an air pump or an airstone when you put medication into the tank. When you treat your sick fish with medication, you should supply extra oxygen so your fish can breath. Medications tend to leech oxygen from the tank water so you will need to give your fish some supplemental oxygen to keep him healthy. Set up an air pump, an airstone, or aquarium housing in your tank to inject more oxygen into the water. If your fish is a Betta, set the air pump on low so the current is not too high, as a high current can be stressful for Betta fish. You should only use the medication for the duration of time specified on the label. Medication can be stressful for fish and should only be used on a by need basis. Keep the tank clean and change the water once a week. A clean tank will ensure your fish recovers properly from fin rot and prevent the development of fin rot in the future. Get into the habit of cleaning the tank regularly. If you have a one gallon tank, you should change the water every three days. A 2.5 gallon tank should be changed every four to five days and a 5 gallon tank should be changed every seven days. If your tank is uncycled, you should do a 100% water change every time you clean the tank. Wash all the tank accessories and the gravel as well. Add aquarium salt to the water after every cleaning to keep the tank water healthy and monitor the pH of the tank so it is comfortable for your fish. Make sure the tank is not overcrowded. Though it may be tempting to fill your tank with lots of fish, overcrowding can lead to high stress levels and a higher risk of disease for your fish. Make sure your fish are compatible with each other and have more than enough room to swim around and interact in a healthy way. If you start to notice that certain fish are nipping or biting at each other, this may be a sign that your tank is overcrowded. You may need to remove several fish from the tank or isolate one fish who seems to be acting aggressive towards the other fish. Certain fish are known to be fin nippers, including tiger barbs, serpae tetras, and black widow tetras. Angelfish and catfish can be fin nippers as well as pufferfish and targetfish. If you have any of these fish in your tank, keep an eye on them and separate them from other more vulnerable fish, like guppies. Give your fish high quality food. Try to give your fish a varied diet of high quality food and stick to a consistent feeding schedule. Overfeeding and underfeeding your fish can lead to a poor immune system and put your fish at a higher risk of diseases. Giving your fish too much food can also introduce too much bacteria into the tank, as uneaten food will float around in the water and increase the concentration of bacteria in the tank.	Take the affected fish out of the tank. Wash the tank and all the tank accessories. Do a 100% water change. Check the pH of the tank water. Use antibacterial fin rot treatment. Try tea tree oil and salt. Use an air pump or an airstone when you put medication into the tank. Keep the tank clean and change the water once a week. Make sure the tank is not overcrowded. Give your fish high quality food.
https://www.wikihow.com/Write-an-Email-Asking-for-an-Internship	How to Write an Email Asking for an Internship	If you don't have one already, create a professional-sounding email address that has your last name in it. Begin your email by introducing yourself and explaining that you're interested in the internship. Go on to mention your availability and why you think you're qualified, and include any relevant academic or extracurricular achievements. Close your email with your contact information and thank them for taking the time to read your email.	Create a professional email address. When sending business correspondence, use a professional, clear email address. Avoid nicknames or unnecessary symbols and numbers. A variation of your name can work well. For example: Smit.smith@company.com would be fine. If your current email address is connected with a social media profile that contains any unprofessional content, create and use a different address. Also, adjust your privacy settings on social media. Research the company. Before you ask for an internship, research the company at which you would like to work. Visit their website. Read any news articles about them. If the company has an accessible product, like social media, use the product for a week to test it. Use your insights to craft your letter. Prospective employers appreciate candidates who know something about the company and can demonstrate this knowledge coherently. Find a mutual contact. It is beneficial to have a connection at a company. Use social networks like LinkedIn and Facebook to conduct keyword searches for the company. If contacts come up, check their positions. Politely request a phone or in-person interview. Ask for tips regarding your internship application. With LinkedIn you can see which of your contacts' contacts work at a firm. Do not hesitate to ask your contact to connect you with one of their contacts. Do be tactful, though, and do not ask the same person for assistance repeatedly. Many universities provide online alumni databases. You can search for people with certain jobs or workplaces through these sites. Alumni who provide their contact information often are open to receiving emails or phone calls from students. When discussing the company with your contact, mention that you are interested in an internship. Ask about the company's organizational structure, work environment, goals, etc. Determine the recipient. Does the internship posting include the name of the contact person? If so, use that person's name and email address. If there is not a listed contact person, call the company to ask who is in charge of internship recruitment. If no one is in charge, address your email to a senior person in human resources at the company. If you speak to any person at the firm, you can mention this in the beginning of your email. When you cannot find the name of any employee, address your email to "Dear Sir or Madam." Be specific with your subject line. You want your email to be noticed in a high-volume inbox. For example, you could write, “Company X Internship Application: Joanna Smith.” If applicable, use the specific subject line requested by the employer. Address the recipient formally. In the first line, begin your email with "Dear Dr./Mr./Ms./Mrs. Smith" depending on the contact person's name, title, and gender. Do not write "Hey Mary" or "Hello." Use the same formality you would use when writing a professional letter. If you cannot determine the person's gender, address the person with his/her full name. For example, write "Dear Bobbi Reynolds." If the person you are writing to has a doctorate, be sure to refer to them as "Dr," i.e. "Dear Dr. Reynolds." Introduce yourself. Tell the recipient your name and your status (e.g. Third year biology major at University X). State how you found out about the internship, whether online, in the newspaper, or through a contact. If you have a mutual contact, state this as soon as possible. For example, you could write: [The program director / My professor / etc.], [title and name], suggested that I contact you. Mention your availability. State your potential starting and end dates and whether these are flexible. If you would be available, for example, for a spring semester internship plus a full-time summer internship, share this as well. Specify the number of hours per week you can work. State the purpose of the internship. Do you need an internship for course credit? If applicable, indicate you are pursuing an internship primarily for experience and are flexible with job responsibilities and compensation. Write what skills you hope to gain from the internship. Share what you admire about the company. Bring up something that you know or think the organization values about itself. Avoid mentioning any negative news stories. Keep your letter positive. For example, you could state: [Name of company] has a reputation for excellence, and I value your commitment to [budgeting free care for abandoned animals]. Discuss your qualifications and experience. Through several sentences, share information about coursework, previous work experience, and any applicable skills. Demonstrate how your knowledge can benefit the organization. Include information about work and volunteer positions and how these experiences have prepared you for this role. Emphasize how you can contribute to the organization. Your potential employer needs to believe you can handle assigned tasks. Describe work experience with strong verbs. Rather than writing: "I was a marketing intern for two years," declare "As a marketing intern, I created fresh content, designed digital and print brochures, and managed social media outlets for a business with fifty employees." Skills can include social media, event organization, or myriad other things. Mention academic or extra-curricular successes. Write about your academic qualifications. If you have had leadership roles, describe your duties and/or accomplishments. Have you lead a committee? Have you coached a team? Keep these explanations brief so that you do not lose your reader's attention. Instead of using adjectives to describe yourself, use concrete examples that show your qualities. For instance, rather than saying "I am an ambitious student," write "I have consistently remained in the top 10 percent of my class." State when you will be in contact. Discuss when and how you will contact the employer to follow up on the status of your application. Give your contact information, i.e., name, email address, phone number, and availability as well. You could write: I am reachable by phone or email. If you cannot get back to me, I will call you [next Monday]. Close the email. It is polite to thank the reader for taking the time to review your materials. End with a cordial closing, such as “sincerely.” If you have spoken to the person via phone or in person previously, you might use a greeting like “best regards.” Do not use “Thanks” or simply “Best” as closings in formal correspondence. Sign your full name, e.g. Joanna Smith rather than just Joanna. Evaluate attachments. Do not attach your resume to an unsolicited internship email. Unless the company is actively seeking interns, they may not want to open your attached copy, especially if they have a workplace policy about attachments. If the posting asked for a resume, attach your document as a PDF (as opposed to a Word document, where the formatting may be lost/altered when opened on a different system). Some employers may specify that they do not open email attachments. If so, include your cover letter and resume in the body of the email. Make sure to space them apart to make it easier for the employer to distinguish each document. Follow up as promised. If you have not heard back from the organization, email them again – or, preferably, call them. You could write: Dear Dr. Hansen, my name is [name] and I am following up on an email I sent you last week about a [fall] internship. I would appreciate the opportunity to discuss the position. Thank you. Sincerely, Joanna Smith.	Create a professional email address. Research the company. Find a mutual contact. Determine the recipient. Be specific with your subject line. Address the recipient formally. Introduce yourself. Mention your availability. State the purpose of the internship. Share what you admire about the company. Discuss your qualifications and experience. Mention academic or extra-curricular successes. State when you will be in contact. Close the email. Evaluate attachments. Follow up as promised.
https://www.wikihow.com/Marinate-Lamb-Chops	How to Marinate Lamb Chops	Before marinating lamb chops, defrost them in the fridge for up to 12 hours. Once they're fully thawed, put them in a large, sealable plastic bag and set them aside. In a small bowl, whisk together red wine, olive oil, and crushed garlic for a simple Italian marinade. Then, pour the mixture into the plastic bag and massage the chops to coat them thoroughly with the marinade. After pushing the excess air out of the bag, seal it and place it in the fridge for 4 to 12 hours, depending on how strong you want the flavors to be. To ensure the marinade coats each side evenly, turn the bag every 2 hours, or halfway through your marinating time.	Defrost lamb chops by placing them in the refrigerator 12 to 4 hours before you cook them. They should not be defrosted in the microwave. If you are short on time, you can marinate them lightly for one hour. Place the lamb chops in a large, sealable plastic bag. Mix your marinade in a bowl. There are several great options for different marinade flavors. Try one of the following: Create a middle-eastern marinade with one-half (118ml) cup of yogurt, several tbsp. (30ml) of olive oil, 1 tbsp. fresh chopped mint, a clove of chopped garlic and 1 tsp. (3g) of ginger. Add ¼ to ½ tsp. (0.5 to 1g) of cayenne pepper, cumin and coriander. Mix a tbsp. (15ml) of hoisin sauce, one tbsp. (15ml) of soy sauce, one tbsp. (15ml) of rice wine, a tsp. (5ml) of honey and ¼ tsp. of Chinese five-spice powder. Try a French marinade with one tsp. (5ml) of Dijon mustard, several tbsp. (30 to 45ml) of olive oil and two tbsp. (30ml) of dry vermouth with chopped rosemary, crushed garlic and black pepper. Make a Vietnamese-inspired mixture of crushed garlic with several tbsp. (30ml) of lime juice and (30ml) soy sauce. Try red wine, olive oil and crushed garlic for a simple Italian marinade. Whisk the ingredients together in a bowl. The exact amounts that you use should cover at least half the chops. Try to use equal amounts of oil and acid (vinegar, juice or wine). Pour the marinade into the plastic bag. Massage the chops to coat them thoroughly with the marinade. Push extra air out of the bag. Seal it. Place it in the refrigerator the between 4 and 24 hours before cooking. The longer the chops marinate, the stronger the flavors will be. Turn the bag every two hours so that the liquid coats the surfaces evenly. You can also simply turn it halfway through your marinating time. Remove the lamb chops from the refrigerator 30 to 45 minutes before cooking. This will help them come to room temperature and cook evenly. Take the chops out one by one and pat them dry with a paper towel. Heat your grill or skillet to high heat. Coat the pan with oil when it is fully heated if you are using a skillet. Place the chops on the grill or in the pan. Don't allow the chops to touch while you are cooking. Turn after three or four minutes. Cook the opposite side for three to four minutes. Remove the chops from the pan. Set them aside to rest for five to 10 minutes. Serve immediately.	Defrost lamb chops by placing them in the refrigerator 12 to 4 hours before you cook them. Place the lamb chops in a large, sealable plastic bag. Mix your marinade in a bowl. Whisk the ingredients together in a bowl. Pour the marinade into the plastic bag. Push extra air out of the bag. Place it in the refrigerator the between 4 and 24 hours before cooking. Turn the bag every two hours so that the liquid coats the surfaces evenly. Remove the lamb chops from the refrigerator 30 to 45 minutes before cooking. Take the chops out one by one and pat them dry with a paper towel. Heat your grill or skillet to high heat. Place the chops on the grill or in the pan. Cook the opposite side for three to four minutes. Remove the chops from the pan. Serve immediately.
https://www.wikihow.com/Deal-With-an-Ex-Best-Friend	How to Deal With an Ex Best Friend	Ending a friendship is difficult and the fallout can be awkward and painful, but you can move on by avoiding drama. If your ex best friend is saying hurtful things about you, do your best to ignore it. By trying to “set the record straight” and confronting them you'll keep the feud going for longer. Try setting boundaries to protect your feelings. For example, limit your interactions with them as much as possible or avoid activities you used to do together. When you see your ex best friend in public, push yourself to be polite, but keep interactions short so they don't have an opportunity to bring up uncomfortable topics.	Find closure. When your friendship ends, it's important that you accept that and resolve your feelings. Write a letter to your friend expressing all of your feelings (you don't have to send it to them), or create a ritual to symbolize the end of the friendship. To be happy, you will need to acknowledge your feelings, process them, and move on to the next stage of your life. Write about how the friendship started off great, but then went downhill. Explain what ended the friendship, how it made you feel, and clearly state that it's over. For a ritual, take a meaningful item that your friend gave you and bury it, burn it, or throw it away. Let yourself be happy. Start with small changes like eating well. Try to avoid venting your anger too much or too often. Do things that you enjoy doing, and allow yourself to do thoughtful things for someone else. This can be daunting, but you have to push through because happiness is largely in your control. Go watch movies that you like, eat at your favorite restaurants, and try new things to see what makes you happiest. Don't be afraid to seek comfort in other people. Spend time with other friends or close family members. Plan for future encounters. There are many reasons that you might end your friendship, but it is possible that your ex best friend will want to rekindle it later on. If you are caught off guard, you might regret the decision you make. Think about what you will say to your ex best friend if they ever mention being friends again. Practice saying something like “I am flattered that you want to be my friend again, but I think it's best we don't go there,” in front of the mirror. Apply this to social media as well by declining any friend requests. You could send a private message with a similar statement. Ignore what your ex best friend says about you. You will probably be hurt by what your friend says about you, even if they stick to the truth. The key to dealing with this kind of drama, though, is to ignore it. If you decide to “set the record straight” you will be playing into a vicious friend feud that can go on for a long time. "Setting the record straight" can jeopardize your other friendships and keep you from moving on. For example, if your ex friend spreads rumors about you at school, ignore them. Don't spread bad things about them in retaliation. Leave other friends out of the feud. Nobody wants to pick sides. It isn't fair to ask your mutual friends to do so. Avoid gossiping about your ex best friend, especially with mutual friends. You should also refrain from sending any messages back and forth between mutual friends. Never say things to your friends like “Next time you see them, tell them I said that they are a liar!” This mostly goes for mutual friends, but it also applies friends who attend the same school. Any gossip or rumors may find their way back to your ex friend. Set boundaries for yourself. Avoid talking to your former friend. Distance yourself from the things that you used to do together, and change any routines that heavily involved your former friend. There will be instances where you and your former friend have to co-exist, but limit contact with them as much as possible. If this friend is from school, you could explain the situation to your teacher. Tell them that pairing you for projects may keep you from doing a good job. Pretend it doesn’t bother you. Most nasty comments or rude gestures are done to get a reaction out of you. If you don't give them a reaction, your ex friend will leave you alone much faster. Stay positive by realizing that what your ex best friend says about you doesn't actually define you. You should also allow yourself to feel good for ignoring the immaturity and letting the situation go. Don't retaliate if your ex best friend leaves a nasty note. Just throw the note away and go on about your day. Try not to be upset. Try to be polite. You are likely to run into your ex best friend again sometime. When this happens, you need to be calm and collected. If you can avoid talking altogether, that's great. If not, say hello, and be polite. If you see your old friend at a party and they ask how you have been, respond with something like “I've been doing well. I hope you are well, too.” If you run into your former friend at a school event, just acknowledge them and keep going on your way. Keep it short. Being polite does not mean that you have to entertain your ex best friend for a long period of time. Answer any questions briefly, if you are comfortable answering them at all. Avoid asking questions; they only invite more conversation. Be polite if they try to start a casual conversation. For example, if they ask about your mom, say something like “My mom is doing well, thanks." The key here is not to add anything that might continue the conversation, such as "I hope your parents are well," or "How is your mom?" Leave no room for misinterpretation. If you have no interest in rekindling your friendship, do not be too accommodating. Be polite in the moment, and leave that moment with closure. If you make it appear as though you miss your ex best friend that opens to the door to starting the friendship and/or fight back up. You don't have to say “It's great to see you,” or “See you again soon.” This will give them false hope for reigniting the friendship. End the conversation with something like “I'm glad you're doing well, but if you'll excuse me, I need to go talk to my date (or any other person you can think of). Goodbye.”	Find closure. Let yourself be happy. Plan for future encounters. Ignore what your ex best friend says about you. Leave other friends out of the feud. Set boundaries for yourself. Pretend it doesn’t bother you. Try to be polite. Keep it short. Leave no room for misinterpretation.
https://www.wikihow.com/Draw-Graffiti	How to Draw Graffiti	To draw graffiti using an edgy style, first write any word in a regular font. Then, start with the second letter and use straight lines with sharp angles to enlarge and outline the letter in a somewhat exaggerated way. Next, draw the first letter in an embossed style, connecting it to the second letter. You can then make the rest of the letters with straight lines and sharp angles, connecting each one to the before it. When you've finished your word, trace the outside lines with a pen or marker and erase any unnecessary inside lines.	We'll try this with the word 'iris'. Draw the first letter 'i' using straight and curve lines to convey the style which is embossed. Draw the letter 'r' using straight and curve lines with edges like an arrow. The letter is also draw higher than the first. Draw another letter 'i' which is higher than 'r' and with the same style as the first letter. Draw the last letter 's' with the tail elongated to the left and curved. Draw the edges to be sharp and pointed. Trace with a black pen. Color to your liking, then design the background. Draw any word using a regular font, In this case, we’ll use 'sheep' in Arial Black. Draw the style for 'h' to customize the style of the letters. Convey the form of scribbled letters. Draw the first letter 's' with embossed style which connects to the second letter. Draw the letter 'e' using straight lines and connected to the second letter. Draw the same letter 'e' but a little farther from its preceding letter. Follow the style. Draw the letter 'p' to convey scribbled style. Draw the last letter 's' with the same style as the first letter and connected to the preceding. Trace with a pen and erase unnecessary lines. Color to your liking!	We'll try this with the word 'iris'. Draw the letter 'r' using straight and curve lines with edges like an arrow. Draw another letter 'i' which is higher than 'r' and with the same style as the first letter. Draw the last letter 's' with the tail elongated to the left and curved. Trace with a black pen. Color to your liking, then design the background. Draw any word using a regular font, In this case, we’ll use 'sheep' in Arial Black. Draw the style for 'h' to customize the style of the letters. Draw the first letter 's' with embossed style which connects to the second letter. Draw the letter 'e' using straight lines and connected to the second letter. Draw the same letter 'e' but a little farther from its preceding letter. Draw the letter 'p' to convey scribbled style. Draw the last letter 's' with the same style as the first letter and connected to the preceding. Trace with a pen and erase unnecessary lines.
https://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Boy-Blush	How to Make a Boy Blush	There are lots of different ways you can make a boy you're into blush. Try flirting with him by gently teasing him about something he's wearing or using an adjective like “cute” or “adorable” to describe something he does. Boys also love compliments, so try pointing out a specific habit or quirk of his that you like, such as a hobby he has or one of his attractive physical features. The more specific or unique your compliment, the better. If you don't know him that well, don't be afraid to grab his attention by doing something spontaneous such as asking him to dance at a party or dropping your corniest pickup line. Putting him on the spot will catch him off guard and could cause him to blush.	Use flirtatious body language. Flirtation but subtle examples of body language includes making direct eye contact, good posture, and smiling. Sitting upright shows you are attentive and interested in him, looking into his eyes communicates a sense of closeness and connection, and a relaxed, natural smile shows you are happy and confident Many guys communicate through and are more receptive to body language instead of words. If he is interested you and enjoying the attention, he will respond through behavior such as smiling, uncrossing his arms, taking hands out of his pockets, looking into your eyes, or leaning towards you slightly. Be subtle and avoid behavior such as standing or sitting too close, staring at him too intently, or constantly "checking him out". Using aggressive body language will make him feel uncomfortable and standoffish. In this situation, he may start blushing because he is upset and uncomfortable. A good rule of thumb is to maintain at least one arm's length distance. Any closer, and his natural inclination will be to move away. Make and hold direct eye contact. Exchanging a mutual unbroken gaze for at least 2 minutes produces increased feelings of passion, which will likely make both of you blush. Start by glancing in his direction and trying to casually catch his eye. If he makes eye contact and does not redirect his gaze, smile and look him in the eye for 5 seconds and then quickly look away, as if you like him. Repeat several times, increasing how long you maintain eye contact each time. Once he starts blushing, consider introducing yourself. Remember to keep a natural smile and avoid overly-toothy or tight-lipped grins. If you ride the bus or subway with a guy you think is cute, consider sitting across from him. Pretend to casually read a book or look at your phone, while glancing up in his direction. If you are shy, making eye-contact is a great way to be seductive and get a guy to blush. As you walk by him, look up and catch his eye, hold it for several seconds, smile and keep walking. Begin walking away and after a few steps, look back at him over your shoulder. If he drops your gaze or looks away, it's a sign he is not interested. Do not continue staring at him or trying to re-initiate eye contact. This will only come off as creepy and borderline sexual harassment. Touch him in a way that is affectionate, but not creepy. Communicate you are interested in him by gently touching his forearm, shoulder, or waist. Gently brush your fingers a short distance along his forearm or shoulder, or place your fingers his forearm or waist for several seconds and then remove. This type of touch is stimulating without being offensive, and is sure to make him blush if he is interested in you. Once you are more comfortable around one another, try softly brushing your fingers along his cheek or touching his biceps. Do not linger too long - the touch should last no more than 3 seconds. Also, do not repeat too soon or too often, as this might be seen as moving too fast and negate the subtle aspects of your flirtation. Surprise him by doing something spontaneous. Show you are confident by doing something spontaneous, but fun and flirty to get his attention and make him blush. This could be as simple as introducing yourself and initiating conversation or asking about his interests, or as outrageous as asking him to dance at a party or buying him a drink at a bar. Being spontaneous will catch him off guard. The realization of being surprised, especially if he is the center of attention, will cause him to blush. Be playful by gently teasing him. Teasing that is good-natured, and does not degrade or criticize, can help a guy feel self-conscious is a positive way. When you tease someone, you are trying to provoke a response - such as blushing - by commenting on the other person's appearance or personality. Teasing can be verbal or non-verbal, and is followed-up by indicator that lets the other person know your are being playful and are not serious. Good examples of how to tease in a way that is friendly and flirtatious, and not pushy or insensitive, include: Pretend his hair is messy and playfully offer to smooth it down or stroke it out of his eyes. Use an adjective like sweet, adorable, or lovable to describe his personality or what he is wearing. Say the color of his shirt is so last year and then follow it up with "just kidding!". After a pause, tell him how much you like his outfit. There is a fine line between teasing and bullying, and some people are more sensitive than others. If they react negatively, apologize immediately. Do not say something like "I was only teasing" or "Can't you take a joke?". Whisper something to him. Whisper about something special that you two share, like an inside joke or a common interest. Unless you are already comfortable around one another, do not actually cup your hand around his ear, but simply lean in and tell him something quietly. If he's interested in you, the intimacy of a whisper could cause him to blush. Smile at him and then wink. Smiling and winking might sound old fashioned and cliché, but it is endearing will probably make him blush. You can do it jokingly, by smiling and giving him an exaggerated wink. If he's interested, he might even smile and wink back. Be playful by using a corny pick-up line. When most people think of pick-up lines, they usually respond by rolling their eyes. However, using a humorous pick-up line is a great way to get someone to laugh and make them blush. Avoid pick-up lines that are shallow, offensive, or only offer empty compliments such as "Hey baby, did it hurt when you fell from heaven?". Instead, choose one that is direct or innocuous. Here are some examples of "tasteful" and funny pick-up lines: "How much does a polar bear weigh? Enough to break the ice, hi I'm (say your name)!" "I saw you across the room/on the bus/in the store and I had to meet you. What's your name?" Find a cheesy pick-up line that reflects his interests, such as science or literature. Give him an unusual compliment. The more unique the compliment, the better. For example, does he have a quirky habit or unusual hobby that you find endearing, but he often gets teased about? Pick a feature or interest he seems to be, or should be, proud of. If you know him well, then compliment a strong, positive personality trait. Say something about how confident, kind, or humorous he is. Compliments are a great way to make someone feel self-conscious and lead to blushing, but in a positive way. As long as they are genuine and meaningful, compliments show you are paying attention to him in a way that is not creepy and will (hopefully) make him feel better about himself. Give him a sincere compliment. A sincere compliment is specific, to-the-point, and personal. Avoid giving compliments that are ambiguous or inappropriate. Also, avoid giving compliments too frequently, as you will risk him blushing because he's annoyed rather than flattered. Examples of sincere compliments include: Expressing your appreciation for something he did, such as helping you with a project or to drag your heavy suitcase onto the bus. Tell him that something he did inspired you, such as how he worked hard to achieve a certain goal, how he came up with a creative solution to a unique problem, or how he volunteers his time to help others. When giving a compliment, timing is important. While you do not want to miss an opportunity, randomly inserting a compliment into conversation or blurting it out without introducing yourself will come off as sounding too rehearsed and awkward. Compliment him on his attractive qualities. Ask yourself what qualities (physical feature, personality trait, accomplishments, etc.) you admire in him or that you find attractive. Especially if he is shy, he might not be used to receiving compliments. Practice what you want to say before hand, making sure it is respectful and sincere. This is not only a way to make him blush, but also show you are attentive and genuinely interested.	Use flirtatious body language. Make and hold direct eye contact. Touch him in a way that is affectionate, but not creepy. Surprise him by doing something spontaneous. Be playful by gently teasing him. Whisper something to him. Smile at him and then wink. Be playful by using a corny pick-up line. Give him an unusual compliment. Give him a sincere compliment. Compliment him on his attractive qualities.
https://www.wikihow.com/Code	How to Code	To code, start by choosing a programming language that you want to learn, like HTML5 or C++, which are basic languages for beginners. Use free resources online, like video tutorials and blogs. Download a text editor like Notepad++, TextWrangler, or JEdit, and a compiler if necessary. In the text editor, start your first project and use online resources and other websites and apps for inspiration. For more experience, try taking an online class, or learning a different language.	Don't worry too much about what language you pick. Many beginning coders struggle with what language to pick when they first start learning. (Because they don't know where to start with their first code). The actual language that you start learning on doesn't make a big difference when it comes to learning about data structures and logic. These are the skills that matter most, and they can be honed with any language. When picking a language, just focus on what kind of development you want to start with and pick an introductory language from there. For example, if you want to learn web development, start with HTML5 , supplemented with CSS , JavaScript , and PHP. If you want to want to do desktop applications, start with C or another basic programming language. If you make coding a career, you will find that you may never use the language that you first learned to code. Instead, you will be learning languages as you go through documentation and experimentation. Find free resources online for the language you choose. The internet is a treasure trove of free tutorials, classes, and videos, all tailored towards the language of your choice. You can start getting a basic grasp of just about any introductory language in a day. Popular sites include Bento, CodeAcademy, Code.org, html.net, Khan Academy, Udacity, W3Schools, Code School and many more. There are a variety of language-specific starter guides available right here on wikiHow. You can find how-to guides for almost any programming scenario on YouTube. Stack Exchange is one of the more popular Q&A sites for any programming questions you may have. Download a good text editor. Many programming languages allow you to use external text editors when you write your code. Find a text editor that will allow you to see indentations and code markup. Popular programs include Notepad++ (Windows), TextWrangler (OS X), JEdit , or Visual Studio Code. Download any necessary compilers. Some programming languages require a compiler in order to run the code that you create. Compilers translate the code you write into a lower-level language that the machine can process. Many compilers are open-source and free to use. Languages that require compilers include: C C++ C# Java BASIC Fortran Start your first project. Pick a good introductory project that will help you get your feet wet. There are a variety of suggestions and tutorials online, but some places to start are basic websites for HTML , basic database and form functions with PHP , or simple programs with any of the compiler languages. Comment all of your code. All programming languages have a comment feature that allows you to enter text that is ignored by the compiler. This allows you to add comments to your code. These comments are crucial, both for letting others know how your code works and for reminding yourself what your code does. You can also use the comment function to quickly remove code from your program for testing purposes. Put comment tags around the code you want to exclude and then remove the comment tags to return the code. Pick apart other programs or web projects. When you're learning as you go, don't be ashamed to look things up and see how others have tackled the same tasks. Take time to understand why the code is doing what it does. See this guide for details on how to view the source code of websites. Take classes. Community colleges, tech schools and online programs offer certifications and classes that will help you get a job as well as teaching you programming. An advanced degree like Computer Science is not always necessary, but could help to get a full time programming job. (A lot can be said for having one-on-one time with a teacher or programming expert, something that isn't always available with online sources.) Classes can get expensive, so weigh the benefits. If programming is just a hobby, classes may not be worth the time and money. If you want to turn programming into a career, classes can give you a big boost (but again, it's far from necessary if you have the talent). Expand your knowledge. Beyond simply learning programming languages, you will benefit a lot from logic and mathematics classes, as these are often required for advanced programming. You don't necessarily need to learn this at school, but classroom settings can help. Programming involving physics calculations and other simulations requires a strong understanding of algorithms and models. Logic is the fundamental basis of programming, so understanding logic and processes will help you problem-solve when you are coding. Knowing advanced math isn't required for most programming, but the knowledge can lead to benefits and optimizations. Learn more languages. Once you've got a good grasp on your initial language, you can start to branch out. Find another language that complements the one you know, or pick a language for a specific job that interests you. Complementary languages, such as HTML and CSS, are often the easiest to learn. Java is one of the most popular languages, and there are often lots of opportunities for Java developers. Java can run on a huge variety of systems and has innumerable applications. Java is used for Android applications, one of the fastest growing markets. C++ is highly recommended for developing video games. Learning how to code in Unity (a widely used, low-cost game engine) and UDK (the code for the popular Unreal engine) can help open some doors, though they aren't as useful outside of the video game industry. If you want to make iPhone apps, Xcode and Objective-C are going to be your primary tools. You'll also need a Mac, since Xcode can only compile on a Mac. Python is a server scripting language that is one of the easier languages to learn. Python is used for web services such as Pinterest and Instagram, and is simple enough to learn the basics in just a few days. Be patient. You will often be faced with challenges while programming, especially when it comes to hunting for bugs or implementing a new idea. You'll have to learn to be satisfied with achieving small results rather than solving a whole puzzle at once. Patience leads to more effective code, which will lead to better-performing programs and happier colleagues. Learn to work with others. If you have multiple people working on a project, you get multiple viewpoints on how to go about it. Working on teams is virtually unavoidable in the business world, so unless you're planning to develop everything independently, be prepared to work with others. Get a job where you can practice your coding skills. Work as a volunteer designing websites or writing desktop applications. A part time job with a small company can lead to opportunities to write code for websites or simple applications. Connect with other programmers. There are countless communities and gatherings of developers that can help support and inspire you. Look up local programming conventions, participate in a hack-a-thon or game jam (timed events with a common theme), and sign up on some programming forums to start expanding your exposure and network. Practice, practice, practice. It is estimated that it takes about 15,000 hours before you can be considered an expert in computer programming. This is years of applied practice. True mastery of programming will come only after you put the time in to practice and become proficient. Try to spend time programming every day, even when you're not working. Programming in your free time can lead to breakthroughs and new ideas.	Don't worry too much about what language you pick. Find free resources online for the language you choose. Download a good text editor. Download any necessary compilers. Start your first project. Comment all of your code. Pick apart other programs or web projects. Take classes. Expand your knowledge. Learn more languages. Be patient. Learn to work with others. Get a job where you can practice your coding skills. Connect with other programmers. Practice, practice, practice.
https://www.wikihow.com/Teach-Your-Baby-to-Walk	How to Teach Your Baby to Walk	Teaching your baby to walk takes time, but you can start by encouraging them to stand by helping them up onto their feet. As they stand, count out loud so they hear how long they can stand for before they tumble down. Once they're comfortable standing up, help your baby cruise around the room while holding onto a table or chair for stability. Later on, when your baby gets used to this, try helping them up, standing on the other side of the room, and encouraging them to walk towards you.	Have your baby bounce on your lap with their feet on your legs. This will strengthen their leg muscles, especially if they are still crawling or just starting to pull themselves up. You should also show them how to bend their knees and have them practice bending their knees so they develop the motor skills to stand up and sit down. Get your baby a bouncy chair. At around 5 to 6 months of age, provide your baby with a bouncy chair that will help them to start building their leg muscles. Avoid getting your baby a walker as The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) discourages the use of walkers for babies. Studies show they can actually slow motor development and cause back problems for babies. They are also a safety hazard, as walkers can tip over or roll down stairs. Walkers are banned for use in Canada and the AAP is recommending the U.S. take the same measure against walkers. Use toys to entice your baby to stand. Place a toy just out of reach of your baby, above them, or located in a spot they have to stand to get to. Help your baby sit back down once they are standing up on their own. Most babies start to get up onto their feet on their own, before they know how to get back down, so don't be alarmed if your baby cries for help while in the standing position. Rather than pick them up when they start to fuss, help them learn to sit down by gently bending their knees and supporting their weight until they reach the floor safely. Line up your furniture so your baby can cruise more easily. Cruising is when your baby starts to use the furniture and other surfaces/objects as support as they begin to walk around. Move your furniture into a stable line, making sure it is all baby-proofed of course, so your baby can easily cruise around on their own. In fact, once your baby starts to cruise, it's a good idea to childproof your home again, as they can reach new heights, and possibly, new hazards. Help your baby let go of the furniture as they cruise by holding out your fingers and allowing them to grip you with both hands. Soon enough, they'll be holding on to you with one hand or even letting go altogether. Get your baby a push toy. A push toy, like a small shopping cart, or a pint-sized lawn mower, will support your baby as they practice cruising. It will also give them control as they learn to walk, refines their balance, and boosts their confidence. If your baby is just starting to cruise on their own, start with a toy that does not have wheels. Once you are confident your baby is strong enough, introduce a push toy with wheels. Always check that the push toy is sturdy, and has a bar or handle that has a good grip, as well as big wheels, as this will make it harder for the toy to tip over. Pull your baby up into a standing position. Allow your baby to grip your fingers and pull them up to a standing position, so they are basically supporting their own weight. Let them walk around as you support them under their arms. The most time your baby spends exercising their legs, the sooner they will begin to try to take steps on their own. Holding your baby as they stand will also help their legs to straighten out and prevent them from bowing later. Bowed legs typically go away by the time your baby is 18 months old, but this issue can linger until they are 3 years old. Praise your baby for their efforts. Most babies seem born with an inherent desire to please their parents, and receive praise, claps, and shouts of encouragement. So let your baby know when they are doing a great job at standing or cruising by offering them visible encouragement and praise. Don’t buy indoor walking shoes for your baby. There is no need to invest in a shoe collection for your little one, as the best shoes for your baby are no shoes at all. As long as the indoor surfaces are clean and safe for your baby to walk on, let them walk and explore barefoot (or, if you'd prefer, non-slip socks) as much as possible to help build muscle tone in their feet and ankles, help their arches develop, and help them learn balance and coordination. If your baby is going to be walking outdoors, in most cases they should be fine going barefoot. If there is a need for footwear due to heat, cold or unsafe surfaces, make sure their shoes are lightweight and flexible. Avoid tall booties or high-top sneakers as too much ankle support can actually slow down your little one by constricting their movement. Avoid trying to force your baby to stand or walk with your help if they don’t want to. This can instill fear in your baby and delay them from standing or walking. Many babies will walk when they are ready, so don't be alarmed if your baby doesn't start walking until they are 18 months old, or possibly, older than 18 months. Turn balancing into a game. To encourage your baby to get used to balancing on their own two feet, try to make balancing a fun game, with lots of encouragement and praise. Sit on the floor with your baby and help them to stand up. Then, count out loud how long they can stay up before they tumble down. Clap and praise them after each balancing attempt. Encourage your baby to walk, instead of sit. Do this by placing them down in a standing position, as opposed to a sitting position on their butt. Stand on the other side of the room and encourage your baby to walk towards you. This might help your baby to be confident and motivated enough to take their first steps. Make their first steps into a big deal. The first steps are a big moment for your little one, so be sure to be as excited and encouraging as possible about your baby's first steps. Cheering your baby as they walk indicates they are doing something right and will give them the confidence to keep walking. Expect some stops and starts. Don't be too alarmed if your little walker goes back to crawling after a bad fall or an illness. Your child is also working on other developmental feats like sounding out names or tackling finger foods, so they may take a few weeks or even a month, break from walking. Some babies may be more comfortable at first with crawling so they may do the crawl/walk before they fully embrace walking. Let your baby fall, as long as it is safe. When your baby starts to walk, they may bob, weave, and even take a dive as they try to refine their walking skills. As well, most babies don't have good depth perception so they tend to bump into or fall into things rather than walk right up to them. As long as your home is childproofed for a walking baby and you watch them carefully at all times, don't stress about their inevitable and numerous tumbles. They may cry when they fall, but chances are they are more frustrated than injured. Their diaper and little tush will work as built-in bumpers for any falls, and they will likely forget their trips and tumbles before you do. Avoid making a big deal out of little falls as they learn how to walk on their own. Avoid comparing your baby’s development to other babies. Not all babies are the same, so don't be alarmed if your baby isn't walking at a certain age. The time it takes for a baby to reach a particular milestone, like walking, can vary due to different body weights or even different personalities. Keep in mind a walking timeline is an approximation and not set in stone or an absolute requirement for every baby. Some babies who are born prematurely may have more trouble reaching milestones at the same rate as other children born at full-term. As well, sometimes babies are just frightened of letting go of your fingers and taking their first steps. So it's very important to encourage and support your baby as they learn to walk and not to put too much pressure or stress on them. Don’t be alarmed if it looks like your baby has flat feet. In fact, it's just baby fat plumping their feet up. By around age 2 to 3, that extra “fluff” on their feet should melt away and you should be able to see their natural arches. Their feet may also curve inward, appearing like half moons, which is another infant holdover. Over time, their feet should straighten out. Be assured your baby’s pigeon-toed feet will straighten out on their own. Also commonly known as “toeing-in”, pigeon-toed feet come from an internal tibial torsion, meaning your baby's shinbones are turned inward. This will correct on its own within six months of your baby's first steps. If your baby still has pigeon-toed feet after six months, ask your pediatrician about stretching exercises to correct the problem. Check your baby’s feet to make sure they can flatten them. Some babies will have a natural desire to walk around on their tiptoes, which actually helps them develop their sense of balance. This is almost always a quirk that will go away on its own, but rarely, it can be an indication of a too-tight muscle in your baby's heels or feet. If your baby cannot physically flatten their feet on their own, or if they are walking on their tiptoes past the age of 3, let their pediatrician know, as this could be a sign of a developmental issue. Consult with your pediatrician if your baby falls excessively, their legs seem very stiff, or they continually stumble to one side. There may be signs of possible nerve, joint, or spinal issues. Let your baby explore as they get more comfortable with walking. As they gain more confidence and becomes more comfortable with walking on flat, smooth surfaces, allow them to also try walking on an incline or on uneven surfaces. These new environments will help to develop your baby's sense of balance.	Have your baby bounce on your lap with their feet on your legs. Get your baby a bouncy chair. Use toys to entice your baby to stand. Help your baby sit back down once they are standing up on their own. Line up your furniture so your baby can cruise more easily. Get your baby a push toy. Pull your baby up into a standing position. Praise your baby for their efforts. Don’t buy indoor walking shoes for your baby. Avoid trying to force your baby to stand or walk with your help if they don’t want to. Turn balancing into a game. Encourage your baby to walk, instead of sit. Stand on the other side of the room and encourage your baby to walk towards you. Make their first steps into a big deal. Expect some stops and starts. Let your baby fall, as long as it is safe. Avoid comparing your baby’s development to other babies. Don’t be alarmed if it looks like your baby has flat feet. Be assured your baby’s pigeon-toed feet will straighten out on their own. Check your baby’s feet to make sure they can flatten them. Consult with your pediatrician if your baby falls excessively, their legs seem very stiff, or they continually stumble to one side. Let your baby explore as they get more comfortable with walking.
https://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Balloon-Stress-Ball	How to Make a Balloon Stress Ball	To make a balloon stress ball, start by stretching out the balloon with your fingers to make it more flexible for the filling. Then, insert a funnel into the neck of the balloon and pour in ¼ cup of flour for a soft, malleable ball, or 1/4 cup of dried beans for a firmer ball. Next, tie off the neck of the balloon and cut off the excess material at the end. Afterwards, cut off the neck of another balloon and wrap it around the first balloon to make the ball more secure and less likely to break.	Use flour for a soft and malleable ball. Pour all-purpose flour for baking into your balloon for your stress ball. This creates a ball that is soft and squishy and will more or less hold the shape you form it into. You can also use other common powdered baking ingredients that you have on hand, like cornstarch or baking soda. Or use sand, if you have it available, for a slightly grainier texture. Note that this filling can be messier if spills occur, but it is popular for its low expense and the satisfying texture it creates for a stress ball. Use dried beans or birdseed for a firmer ball. Try small dry beans, lentils, rice, or birdseed to fill your balloon for the stress ball. This creates a firmer, more textured ball, like a bean bag. This type of filling doesn't create as squishy of a ball, but it can be easier to get into the balloon and creates less of a mess if spilled. Note that birdseed or dry goods may have sharp or cracked fragments that could create a hole in the balloon for your stress ball. Prevent this by using several layers of balloons to make a thicker surface for your stress ball, or opting for a smoother filling material instead. You can also mix dry beans with flour for a filling that is a mixture of firm and soft. Try half beans and half flour, or whatever combination creates a texture you like. Try modeling clay or playdough. Use a modeling clay product or playdough to put into your balloon. This creates a stress ball that is very squishy and holds its shape well. Be aware that many modeling clays and play doughs will dry up over time when left exposed to the air. Though you will be putting it inside a tied balloon, it may not be completely airtight and your stress ball could harden after a couple days or weeks. Note that solids like modeling clay or playdough can be more difficult to get into a balloon successfully. Use a funnel as with any other filling, and roll the clay or dough into thin snakes to help get it through and into the balloon. Observe safety precautions while filling balloons. Use caution when performing the pouring and cutting required in filling party balloons. Adults should supervise or perform parts of this process for children. Use scissors carefully when cutting balloons. You can also avoid spills of the filling by laying down newspaper or another covering over your work area. Take care if you have a latex allergy, in which case you should opt for balloons made of Mylar or another material instead of the common latex. Adults should handle balloons for infants and toddlers, as balloons and balloon pieces are a choking hazard. Stretch out a standard party balloon. Use your fingers to gently stretch out a latex balloon in all directions. This will make the material of the balloon more flexible for filling. You can also blow up the balloon slightly with your mouth to stretch the material. Make sure to stretch out the neck of the balloon, which will be crucial in getting your filling to pour through it easily. Insert a funnel into the neck of the balloon. Put a funnel into the neck of the balloon to pour filling in easier. You may be able to roll the neck of the balloon over the tip of the funnel so it holds itself there securely. If you don't have a plastic or metal funnel on hand, simply roll a piece of paper into a cone shape. Make sure the small end is narrow enough to fit into the neck of your balloon but wide enough to let your filling material through. Tape your paper funnel together so it doesn't unroll while filling. You can also make your own funnel by cutting the top half of a water bottle off and using the mouth of the bottle to put into the balloon. Pour in the filling. Use about ¼ cup of your preferred filling material to pour into the balloon. Hold your funnel steady and pour carefully to avoid spills. If the filling gets trapped in the funnel during pouring, gently shake the balloon to settle the contents, or help push the filling through with a pencil. Fill the round portion of the balloon with filling, no further than the base of the neck. A fuller balloon will create a firmer stress ball, while a less full balloon will create a softer, squishier one. Tie off the neck of the balloon tightly by making a knot in the rubber. You can double knot it for extra security. Cut off the excess balloon. Carefully cut off the excess neck of the balloon above the knot you made to close it. This will make for a smoother ball when you add another balloon. Be carefully when cutting the excess that you don't cut into the knot itself, or any other part of the balloon. For a perfectly round and smooth ball, you can actually hold the balloon very carefully and cut the neck off completely so there is no knot. Then you must cover the hole immediately with another balloon to seal it. Wrap with a second balloon. Cut the neck off of another balloon, then stretch the opening wide and fit it around your filled and tied balloon. This keeps it secure and less likely to break or spill. Cut more from the top of your balloon to create a wider hole if you have trouble fitting it over your ball. Note that the hole will be obvious if you use two different colors for the first and second balloon. Put your cut balloon over the knot of the first balloon to cover it and keep the surface of your ball more smooth. You can put as many layers of additional balloons on your ball as you want for extra security. Note that your ball will become firmer and less squishy the more balloon layers you put on. Decorate the outer balloon if desired. Adorn your stress ball with images, words, or other decorations that will make you happy and contribute to reducing stress. You can use pens, markers, or anything else that will stick to the surface of the balloon. Try cutting shapes into the top balloon layer before you pull it over the ball. If you use a different color as the balloon underneath, this creates an interesting contrasting pattern. Try drawing a happy face on your stress ball, or some inspiring words that will help you relax or de-stress.	Use flour for a soft and malleable ball. Use dried beans or birdseed for a firmer ball. Try modeling clay or playdough. Observe safety precautions while filling balloons. Stretch out a standard party balloon. Insert a funnel into the neck of the balloon. Pour in the filling. Cut off the excess balloon. Wrap with a second balloon. Decorate the outer balloon if desired.
https://www.wikihow.com/Get-Your-Boarding-Pass-at-the-Airport	How to Get Your Boarding Pass at the Airport	If you're a first-time flyer, getting your boarding pass at the airport can be a little stressful. However, all you need to do once you arrive is find your airline's check-in counter. Make sure you have either your flight number or booking number and a form of identification with you. If you're traveling internationally, you'll also need your passport. When you're ready to check-in, wait in line for an agent if you have luggage to check-in. They'll print off your boarding pass for you. If you don't have bags to check-in, avoid the lines and use a self-service kiosk to get your boarding pass. Once you've checked in and gotten your boarding pass, head to your gate and go through security.	Arrive at the airport 2-3 hours before your flight. For domestic flights, 2 hours is plenty of time to check-in and get through security to your gate. For international flights, get to the airport 3 hours ahead of your flight. 2-3 hours is a general recommendation and you should check with your airline for specific arrival guidelines. The amount of time you need to complete check-in will vary based on the size of the airport, day of the week, travel season, and other factors. It's always a good idea to give yourself more time than you think you need! Find your airline’s check-in counter and get in line. Most airlines have different lines for different types of travelers, for example, members of rewards programs and first-class flyers get preferential check-in services. Make sure you get in the appropriate line for your booking. If you are checking bags, then you will have to proceed to the check-in counter no matter what to drop off your bag. Provide the check-in agent with identification and flight information. Depending on your airline and where you are flying to, the staff may ask for your flight number or booking number, or they may be able to check you in with just your ID. Have all your information and documents handy to present to the agent. If you booked your flight online, print out your confirmation email to provide all your flight information to the airline staff when they check you in. For international flights make sure you have your passport! Receive your boarding pass and drop off any bags you are checking. The airline staff will usually check your bags at the same time they print you your boarding pass. Make sure to grab your baggage tag receipt for when you pick up your bag at your destination. Check your boarding pass for your gate number and proceed to security. Follow the airport signs directing you to the appropriate security line for your gate. Keep your passport or ID and boarding pass out to present to TSA agents. Be prepared to remove your shoes and any items that have metal as you go through security and make sure that you do not have any prohibited items in your carry-on luggage. Get to the airport the recommended 2-3 hours before your flight. Self check-in lines are usually shorter than waiting in line for the airline counter staff to check you in, but leave yourself plenty of time for security or unexpected delays. Check with your airline for specific arrival recommendations. Remember that if you are checking a bag you will have to proceed to the airline counter to do so. Look for your airline’s self check-in kiosks and find an open one or wait in line. The kiosks will be located near the airline's check-in counter. An advantage of self check-in kiosks is that there are usually no long lines. Have your ID and flight information handy when you proceed to the kiosk. If you are flying internationally you will need your passport. Follow the instructions on the screen of the kiosk to print your boarding pass. The check-in kiosk will prompt you to enter your flight information or scan your ID. Sometimes you can scan the credit card you paid for the flight with to check in. Your passport is required for international flights. The kiosk will prompt you to scan it. Bring a printed copy of the confirmation email you received if you booked online so you have all your flight details available. Look at your gate number and follow airport signs to security for your gate. Remember to keep out your ID and boarding pass to present to security agents. Make sure that your carry-on luggage meets all airport and security guidelines. Read the TSA's airport security guidelines prior to arriving at the airport to learn what you can and can't bring through security.	Arrive at the airport 2-3 hours before your flight. Find your airline’s check-in counter and get in line. Provide the check-in agent with identification and flight information. Receive your boarding pass and drop off any bags you are checking. Check your boarding pass for your gate number and proceed to security. Get to the airport the recommended 2-3 hours before your flight. Look for your airline’s self check-in kiosks and find an open one or wait in line. Follow the instructions on the screen of the kiosk to print your boarding pass. Look at your gate number and follow airport signs to security for your gate.
https://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Paper-Tree-for-Kids	How to Make a Paper Tree for Kids	To make a paper tree for kids, start by making a tree trunk out of paper towel or toilet paper roll. If you don't have these, you could use some brown construction paper instead and just roll that up. You can paint your trunk with brown paint, if you want. Then, fold a sheet of green construction paper in half and cut out half ovals to make leaves. You can make branches out of pipe cleaners or craft your own with some brown construction paper. Simply glue on the leaves and decorate as desired.	Fold brown paper in half and draw half of a bare tree along the fold. Find a sheet of heavy brown paper, such as cardstock, and fold it in half. Draw half of a bare tree shape along the fold. Be sure to include the roots, trunk, and branches. Do not include any leaves. Make sure that the roots are flat and straight along the bottom edge. If you don't know how to draw a bare tree, find a template online. You can also start with half of a Y-shape, and add branches to the arm. Cut the tree out and make a second copy. Cut the tree out first. Fold a second sheet of brown paper in half, then trace your tree onto the folded edge. Cut the second tree out too. You will end up with 2 identical tree shapes. Glue the trees together along 1 of the folded sides. Keep both trees folded. Coat 1 side of your first tree with glue. Press your second tree against the first one. Make sure that the folded edges, trunk, roots, and branches all align. Unfold the tree, stand it up, and let it dry. Open the folded trees up so that you have 3 "pages." Bend the first and last pages so that the tree forms a T shape when you look down on it. Stand the tree up and let it dry. Fold a piece of thin green paper like a fan. Find a sheet of thin green paper, such as tissue paper or a napkin. You can also color printer paper with green markers, crayons, or paint, and use that instead. Fold the paper back and forth like a fan. Do not use cardstock or construction paper, or the leaves will be too heavy. Your paper does not have to be green. Try red, orange, or yellow for an autumn tree! Cut a leaf shape out of the fan while it is still folded. Draw a small leaf on the fan; make it about ⁄ 2 inch (1.3 cm) wide and 1 inch (2.5 cm) long. Cut the leaf shape out of the fan while it is still folded. This will give you lots of leaves with just 1 cut! Repeat this step to create as many leaves as you want on your tree. Use different shades of green for a more realistic effect. Crease the leaves in half lengthwise to make them more real. Glue the leaves to the tree branches. Use a glue stick or a small amount of liquid school glue. You can attach as many or as few leaves as you want to your tree. For a more realistic tree, glue on small clumps of leaves. Don't get too carried away, however, or your tree may tip over. Cut an animal out of paper and add it to the tree, if desired. Draw a small bird, nest, owl, or squirrel on construction paper, then cut it out. Glue it to your tree, close to the trunk. Don't put the animal or nest too far out on the branches, or your tree may tip over. Let the tree dry. How long this takes depends on the type of glue you used. A glue stick dries within 1 to 2 hours. Liquid school glue may take a lot longer, however. You would wait until the paper is dry and no longer damp. Cut a semicircle out of a green sheet of paper. Use a pencil and a small plate to draw a circle on a sheet of green construction paper or cardstock. Cut the circle out, then fold it in half to find the center. Cut the circle along the fold. Save 1 of the halves for another project, and keep the other half for this project. Roll the semicircle into a cone and glue it together. Bring the straight edges of the semicircle together, then overlap them until you get a cone shape. Glue or staple the cone together. If you use glue, let it dry before moving on. A glue stick or liquid school glue will work just fine here. Cut green tissue paper into 1 in (2.5 cm) squares. Cut some green tissue paper into several 1 in (2.5 cm) wide strips. Stack the strips together, then cut them into 1 in (2.5 cm) squares. This will save you lots of cutting time. Use different shades of green for a more interesting effect. If you can't find green tissue paper, try a green napkin instead. Wrap a tissue paper square over the end of a pencil. Place 1 tissue paper square over the eraser end of a pencil. Make sure that it is centered, then fold down the edges to cover the pencil eraser. Place some glue onto the cone, then press the tissue paper against it. Use a paintbrush to apply a thin coat of glue to a small area on your cone. Press the eraser end of the pencil against the glue, then pull it away. The tissue paper square should be stuck to the cone. You can try using a glue stick, but you will need to support the cone from the inside with your hand so that it doesn't crumple. Use the pencil to glue more tissue paper squares to the cone. Work 1 tissue paper square at a time. Place the squares close enough so that they touch. Work from 1 side of the cone to the other. It does not matter if you start from the top or bottom of the cone. Apply the glue to the cone in small patches, otherwise it will dry too fast. Do not use too much glue, or the tissue paper will slide off. Set the cone aside to dry. Once your cone is filled to your liking, set it aside some place where it won't get bumped or knocked over. How long the glue takes to dry depends on the type of glue you used. Expect to wait 1 to 2 hours for a glue stick, and a whole day for school glue. Hot glue the cone to the top of an empty toilet paper roll. Stand an empty toilet paper roll up on its end. Coat the top edge of the toilet paper roll with hot glue, tacky glue, or white school glue. Place the cone on top and let it dry. If you don't have any toilet paper rolls, roll a piece of brown paper into a 4 ⁄ 2 in (11 cm) tall tube, and use that instead. You can also cut an empty paper towel roll down until it is 4 ⁄ 2 inches (11 cm) tall. If you want to get crafty, paint the toilet paper roll brown first. Acrylic craft paint, tempera paint, or poster paint will all work fine. Glue pompoms to your tree to decorate it. Apply a drop of hot glue or school glue to a pompom, then press the pompom against the tree. Use as many as you want. If you don't have any pompoms, crumple colorful tissue paper into small balls, and use those instead. Decorate your tree with other items, such as craft foam shapes, buttons, tinsel, or yarn. You can get pompoms in the kids' section of a craft store. Roll a sheet of green paper into a cone. Take a sheet of green construction paper and roll it lengthwise into a cone shape. Staple or glue the paper together. Alternatively, you can paint a Styrofoam cone green, and use that instead. Cut the bottom of the cone so that it is straight. Because you used a square or rectangular sheet of paper, the bottom of your cone won't be even. Starting at the shortest edge of your cone, cut around the base until you are back to where you started. Your tree should be about 10 to 11 inches (25 to 28 cm) tall. Don't flatten your cone and cut across the bottom, or you'll bend it out of shape. Cut some wide and narrow strips of green paper. Take another sheet of green construction paper. Cut it lengthwise into strips. Make 1 1 in (2.5 cm) wide strip, 2 2 in (5.1 cm) wide strips, and 2 3 in (7.6 cm) wide strips. These will make the layers for your branches. The narrower strips will go towards the top, and the wider strips towards the bottom. Cut a fringe into 1 of the long edges of each strip. Start the fringe at the bottom long edge, and finish it ⁄ 2 inch (1.3 cm) from the top long edge. Make the slits about ⁄ 8 to ⁄ 4 inch (0.32 to 0.64 cm) apart. Stack the strips together to make your cutting faster. Curl the fringes lengthwise. Hold your fringe parallel to the edge of a table or a long, thick dowel. Wrap the cut ends of the fringe over the table edge or dowel to curl it. Leave the uncut top edge of the fringe alone. Do this for all of the fringed strips. Curl the fringes from the long bottom edge towards the top edge. Do not curl them from narrow end to narrow end. Wrap and glue the widest strip to the bottom edge of the cone. Take 1 of your 3 in (7.6 cm) wide strips and coat the top uncut edge with glue. Wrap the strip around the bottom edge of your cone, then cut off the excess. Make sure that the fringe is curling outward, not inward. Glue the rest of the fringes to the tree, working your way to the top. Use the 3 in (7.6 cm) wide strips first, then the 2 in (5.1 cm) ones. If you still have room at the end, add the 1 in (2.5 cm) wide strip. Let your tree dry, then decorate it as desired. Glue pompoms or buttons to the tree for a rustic look. You can also cut shapes out of craft foam or felt, and use those instead. For a more natural look, paint the ends of the fringes with white paint. Paint an empty toilet paper roll with brown paint and let it dry. Find an empty toilet paper roll. Paint it with brown acrylic craft paint, tempera paint, or poster paint, then let it dry. For a more realistic tree, draw black lines across the trunk. If you want a big palm tree, use an empty paper towel roll instead. If you can't find an empty toilet or paper towel roll, roll a sheet of brown paper into a tube, staple it, and use that instead. Cut 5 3 in (7.6 cm) long leaves out of green construction paper. Fold a sheet of green construction paper in half. Draw 3 in (7.6 cm) long half-leaf shapes along the fold, then cut them out. Repeat this step using more paper as needed until your have 5 leaves. Cut a fringe into the edges of the leaves. Keeping the leaves folded, cut a fringe into the curved edges of the leaves. Leave a ⁄ 4 to ⁄ 4 in (0.64 to 0.64 cm) gap between the fringe and the folded edge of each leaf. Tape or glue green pipe cleaners to the leaves. Cut 2 green pipe cleaners into thirds to make them shorter. Open up your leaves, and tape a pipe cleaner down the middle of each leaf. Make sure that you have 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5.1 cm) of pipe cleaner sticking out of the end of each leaf. Hot glue or tacky glue will work the best, but be sure to let it dry. You'll have 1 mini pipe cleaner leftover. Save it for another craft. Glue the pipe cleaners to the inside of your toilet paper roll. Coat the pipe cleaners with hot glue or tacky glue, then tuck them inside the toilet paper roll. Press them against the inside walls of the roll, then let the glue dry. You can also use pieces of masking tape instead. Tuck the pipe cleaners far enough into the toilet paper roll so that the ends of the leaves touch the top of the toilet paper roll. Bend the leaves downward once the glue dries. This will make the palm trees look for realistic. If you want to, you can bend the leaves so that they are curved rather than straight. For an even more realistic touch, hot glue some brown pompoms to the top of the tree to make coconuts.	Fold brown paper in half and draw half of a bare tree along the fold. Cut the tree out and make a second copy. Glue the trees together along 1 of the folded sides. Unfold the tree, stand it up, and let it dry. Fold a piece of thin green paper like a fan. Cut a leaf shape out of the fan while it is still folded. Glue the leaves to the tree branches. Cut an animal out of paper and add it to the tree, if desired. Let the tree dry. Cut a semicircle out of a green sheet of paper. Roll the semicircle into a cone and glue it together. Cut green tissue paper into 1 in (2.5 cm) squares. Wrap a tissue paper square over the end of a pencil. Place some glue onto the cone, then press the tissue paper against it. Use the pencil to glue more tissue paper squares to the cone. Set the cone aside to dry. Hot glue the cone to the top of an empty toilet paper roll. Glue pompoms to your tree to decorate it. Roll a sheet of green paper into a cone. Cut the bottom of the cone so that it is straight. Cut some wide and narrow strips of green paper. Cut a fringe into 1 of the long edges of each strip. Curl the fringes lengthwise. Wrap and glue the widest strip to the bottom edge of the cone. Glue the rest of the fringes to the tree, working your way to the top. Let your tree dry, then decorate it as desired. Paint an empty toilet paper roll with brown paint and let it dry. Cut 5 3 in (7.6 cm) long leaves out of green construction paper. Cut a fringe into the edges of the leaves. Tape or glue green pipe cleaners to the leaves. Glue the pipe cleaners to the inside of your toilet paper roll. Bend the leaves downward once the glue dries.
https://www.wikihow.com/Identify-Symptoms-of-Jaundice	How to Identify Symptoms of Jaundice	To identify symptoms of jaundice, look for yellow skin and eyes, spider-like blood vessels under the skin, red and purple spots, and increased bleeding and bruising. You should also keep an eye out for changes in the color of your waste, such as pale stool or darker urine. Additionally, look for swelling in your abdomen, legs, knees, or feet, and a high fever. If you're uncertain or worried about jaundice, see your doctor for a diagnosis.	Look for yellow skin and eyes. If you have jaundice, you may notice yellow discoloration of the white part of your eyes and throughout your skin. The yellowness may begin on your face, then gradually move to the other parts of the body. Bring your mirror into a well-lit room with plenty of natural light. Always use natural lighting when possible, as light bulbs and shades may tint the lighting. Gently apply pressure to your forehead or nose. Notice the color of your skin while releasing the pressure. If there is a tinge of yellowness to your skin as the pressure is released, you may have jaundice. To test your baby's skin for jaundice, press gently on baby's forehead or nose for a second, then release. Healthy skin will momentarily look lighter before returning to normal, whereas jaundiced skin will appear slightly yellowed. You can also look inside your baby's mouth at his gums, on the soles of his feet, and on the palms of his hands to check for jaundice. A baby's jaundice progresses down the body from head to toe. If you have darker skin or if you are uncertain if you are seeing a yellowish tinge, look at the whites of your eyes. If they have a yellowish tint, you may have jaundice. Be aware of increased itchiness. Jaundice may cause your skin to become very itchy because of the increased level of toxins accumulating in your blood vessels during the break down of bile, to which bilirubin binds in the liver. Itchiness may be related to underlying bile duct obstruction or cirrhosis of the liver. The bile ducts carry bile away from the liver to the gallbladder and may get blocked by gallstones. Cirrhosis of the liver is a condition in which the liver is damaged to the point that normal healthy liver tissue is replaced with non-functioning scar tissue and is caused by hepatitis, alcoholism, and other liver disorders. Look for spider-like blood vessels visible under the skin. Called spider angiomas, your skin may develop these small markings because the underlying process causing the jaundice is likely also causing increased blood flowing through your blood vessels. This makes the blood vessels very noticeable under your skin. Spider angiomas are not a direct result of the jaundice itself but often occur simultaneously. These spider vessels blanch when you press on them and most frequently occur on the upper body including the trunk, arms, hands, neck, and face. Check for bleeding under the skin. Small, reddish and purple spots may appear on your skin, indicating that you might be bleeding under the skin. This occurs because because of liver damage causing problems with blood clotting, as your liver normally makes substances that helps your blood clot. There is also increased efficiency in the breakdown of red blood cells and blood formation in the body that can cause you to bleed more easily. Watch out for increased bleeding and bruising. If you have jaundice, you may notice that you have a tendency to bruise more easily than normal. You may also find that if you get a cut, the blood takes a longer time to clot. This symptom is also related to a damaged liver not being able to make the substances that help with blood clotting. Keep track of the color of your stool. Your stool may change color and become very pale if you have jaundice. This change occurs because when you have jaundice, there may be a duct blockage causing reduced bilirubin in your stool, leaving most of it to be excreted in your urine. Most bilirubin is normally excreted in your stool. Your stool may even be grey if you have severe obstruction. your stool may have blood in it or be black if you are having bleeding complications from liver disease. Watch the frequency and color of your urine. Bilirubin is also normally excreted in your urine, though less than is normally in your stool. When you have jaundice, however, your urine becomes darker because of the higher levels of bilirubin being excreted by this means. You may also notice that you end up peeing less each time you go to the bathroom. Be sure to track how frequently you go, whether you pee a lot or a little each time, and what color your urine is so you can tell your doctor. Urine changes may occur before skin colouration changes so remember to tell your doctor when you first started noticing your urine getting darker. Newborn baby urine should be clear. If your baby has jaundice, you can expect his urine to be darker yellow. Feel to see if your abdomen is swollen. If you have jaundice, your liver and spleen may become enlarged, which in turn can cause your abdomen to become distended. In addition, liver disease may cause fluid to build up in your abdomen. A swollen abdomen is usually a later sign of an illness that also causes jaundice, and is not caused by the jaundice itself. You may also experience abdominal pain because the underlying illness could cause your liver to become infected or inflamed. Look for swollen ankles, feet and legs. An illness that causes jaundice might also cause you to have swollen ankles, feet and legs. The liver helps in the excretion of bilirubin in urine and, when its function is interfered with, or if there is excess pressure in the circulation associated with the liver, fluid accumulates in different parts of the body, causing swelling. Check your temperature for fever. Jaundice can cause you to have a fever of 38C (100.4F) and higher. The reason for the fever may be due to an underlying liver infection (such as hepatitis) or bile duct obstruction. Monitor your baby’s behavior. Your baby may have other symptoms such as a shrill, high-pitched cry, being inconsolable, refusing to feed, and being floppy or difficult to wake. If you are discharged from hospital with baby less than 72 hours after birth, you may want to book a follow-up appointment to see your doctor in the next two days to check for infant jaundice. Severe infant jaundice left untreated can cause permanent brain damage. Ask for a jaundice bilirubin test. The most accurate way to tell if you or your baby has jaundice is to have your blood tested for elevated bilirubin levels. If the bilirubin is elevated, your doctor may perform other tests to determine the cause of the jaundice, look for any complications, and to look at how well the liver is functioning. Babies may also have a skin test called a transcutaneous bilirubin test. A special probe is placed up against baby's skin and measures the reflection of a special light shining through or being absorbed. This allows the doctor to calculate the amount of bilirubin present. Notice other signs of severe liver disease. Symptoms may include weight loss, nausea and vomiting, or vomiting blood. Look at your dog or cat’s skin. Though it may be harder to see on some breeds, all dogs and cats can get jaundiced yellowish skin. Check the gums, whites of the eyes, base of the ears, nostrils, abdomen, and genitals, as the jaundice may be more noticeable in these areas. If you suspect your pet has jaundice, take him to a vet for immediate examination. If you pet has jaundice, he has an underlying illness, such as hepatitis or other liver problems, that will require veterinary treatment or it could become fatal. Monitor urine and stool output. As with humans, your pet's urine may be darker due to increased bilirubin being excreted. Unlike humans, the pet's stool may also be darker and orange colored. Your pet may urinate more than usual. Watch your pet’s eating habits. Pets with jaundice may be excessively thirsty but lack an appetite, and suffer weight loss while having abdominal distension. These are all symptoms that coincide with jaundice to reflect an underlying illness. Observe your pet’s behavior. As with humans, your pet may be lethargic and have difficulty breathing, also due to the underlying illness.	Look for yellow skin and eyes. Be aware of increased itchiness. Look for spider-like blood vessels visible under the skin. Check for bleeding under the skin. Watch out for increased bleeding and bruising. Keep track of the color of your stool. Watch the frequency and color of your urine. Feel to see if your abdomen is swollen. Look for swollen ankles, feet and legs. Check your temperature for fever. Monitor your baby’s behavior. Ask for a jaundice bilirubin test. Notice other signs of severe liver disease. Look at your dog or cat’s skin. Monitor urine and stool output. Watch your pet’s eating habits. Observe your pet’s behavior.