Split (3)

train · 63.7k rows

text stringlengths 127 2.59k
{"id": 11762, "answer": 2, "text": "New legislation would require a seven-day waiting period in the sale of handguns to private individuals, in order that records of prisons could be checked and the sale of handguns to people likely to hurt other people thereby prevented. People opposed to this legislation claim that prison records are so full of errors that the proposed law would prevent as many law-abiding citizens as criminals from having access to handguns.", "question": "If the claim made by people opposed to the new legislation is true, which one of the following is a principle that, if established, would do the most to justify opposition to the new legislation on the basis of that claim?", "options": ["Legislation should not be enacted if no benefit could accrue to society as a result of that legislation.", "Even citizens who are neither fugitives nor felons should not be permitted to own a handgun unless they have received adequate training.", "Nothing should be done to restrict potential criminals at the cost of placing restrictions on law-abiding citizens.", "No restrictions should be placed on the sale of merchandise unless sale of that merchandise could endanger innocent people."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7874, "answer": 0, "text": "In the era of smartphone popularity, we send and receive messages every day. Electronic information communication between people has become a unique way of communication in today's era. In the face of important people or relationships, many people often expect to be answered in seconds after sending a message. if not, they will have a sense of skepticism or abandonment and fall into deep annoyance and anxiety.", "question": "Which of the following is most likely to be the assumption they need to get into deep trouble and anxiety?", "options": ["The current technology has been able to achieve instant messaging of smart phones. It is convenient, fast and basically free.", "Some chat software can feedback whether the receiver has read the message on the sender's mobile phone.", "Some people are very busy at work and are used to dealing with relevant information only after a busy day's work.", "Some people receive so much information in a day that it is easy to miss important information that someone is looking forward to coming back in a few seconds."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3842, "answer": 3, "text": "Xiao Wang: Judging from the huge cost of hosting the Olympic Games, the price of tickets should be much higher. It is the advertising revenue of the Olympic games organizers that has lowered ticket prices. Therefore, the Olympic Games live audience from the Olympic games pull the advertisement to obtain the economic benefit. Xiao Li: your statement doesn't hold water. Who will pay for the advertising that seems to be driving down the price of Olympic tickets? Aren't consumers, after all, including those who are in the audience at the Olympics? Because manufacturers by raising the price of goods to spread advertising costs to consumers.", "question": "Which of the following statements could powerfully weaken Xiao Li's rebuttal to Xiao Wang ?", "options": ["Olympic ticket prices are generally much higher than those for ordinary sports", "The Olympics have become more and more commercial, causing widespread dissatisfaction", "The use of world-wide sports competition advertising more and more manufacturers, advertising costs are also increasing", "The advertisement expenditure of each manufacturer is a constant on the whole, just have the choice in advertisement form"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1511, "answer": 0, "text": "Personal income tax reform is an integral part of the reform of the fiscal and taxation system. From October 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018, taxpayers will calculate the tax amount proportionally based on the remaining income after deducting 5000 yuan from their monthly salary, salary scale and other income. However, since China's personal income tax accounts for only about 7% of the total tax revenue, it is only through the personal income tax reform to achieve a more reasonable goal of wealth adjustment, From this point of view, raising the threshold of individual income tax is only the first step to improve the income distribution system.", "question": "This paragraph is intended to illustrate that:", "options": ["There is a long way to go to improve the income distribution system", "The reform of individual income tax is the key to the reform of fiscal and tax system", "It is not easy to achieve a reasonable goal of wealth regulation", "Personal income tax needs to be further increased"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5536, "answer": 0, "text": "The infant's early characteristics can arouse the love and nurturing of adults. Many animals have the characteristics of human babies in shape and behavior.Therefore, people are easily attracted to such animals and make them pets.", "question": "Which of the following options, if correct, best supports the above conclusions?", "options": ["Many empty-nesters like to keep pets", "Large and ferocious animals rarely become pets", "Some families will no longer have pets after having children", "Parents like to keep pets, children also like to keep pets"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4100, "answer": 3, "text": "Since the implementation of the target responsibility system for the manager's tenure by Shipping Company A in the previous year, the company's economic benefits have also increased year by year. It can be seen that only the implementation of the target responsibility system for the manager's tenure can make Company A's economic benefits grow steadily.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, can best weaken the above conclusion?", "options": ["The country's economy has developed rapidly in the past two years, and the overall situation of the shipping industry is very good", "The B Shipping Company, which has not implemented the tenure target responsibility system, has also steadily increased its economic benefits in the past two years", "The year before last, Company A began to implement the reform of the employee compensation management system, which greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of the company's employees", "If Shipping Company A does not implement the tenure target responsibility system, the economic benefits will grow faster in the past two years"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11284, "answer": 2, "text": "Old rose varieties have less vibrant colors than modern rose varieties, but are superior in fragrance. This situation has arisen because the modern rose varieties were developed to meet customer demand and marketed mainly through catalogs: colors, but not fragrances, can be photographed.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the support for the causal claim made above?", "options": ["People in earlier times were interested in the fragrances of roses as well as their colors.", "State-of-the-art photographic equipment makes possible unprecedentedly accurate color reproductions of roses.", "Breeding roses to enhance one trait often has unanticipated consequences for other traits.", "People in earlier times would have found the vibrant colors of modern roses too harsh."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4850, "answer": 2, "text": "The monitoring results of a city's environmental protection department show that in the first half of this year, the overall air quality of the city is at an excellent level. The number of days of serious pollution is less than 15 days, and the number of days of pollution is 4 days less than that in the same period last year.", "question": "Which of the following options best challenges the above conclusions?", "options": ["The city shut down several heavily polluting enterprises last year", "The city has carried out afforestation activities this year", "The period of serious pollution in the city is generally in the second half of the year", "The city's environmental protection department updated the air detection equipment this year"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12053, "answer": 3, "text": "Policy: The factory' s safety inspector should not approve a new manufacturing process unless it has been used safely for more than a year at another factory or it will demonstrably increase safety at the factory. Application: The safety inspector should not approve the proposed new welding process, for it cannot be shown to increase safety at the factory.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, justifies the above application of the policy?", "options": ["The factory at which the new welding process was first introduced has had several problems associated with the process.", "The safety inspector will not approve any new process that has not been used extensively elsewhere.", "Some of the manufacturing processes currently in use at the factory are not demonstrably safer than the new welding process.", "The proposed new welding process has not been used in any other factory."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4560, "answer": 3, "text": "Career anchor refers to the vital things or values in a career that a person will not give up in any case when he has to make a choice. Technical functional career anchor refers to the whole career development of an individual, which is developed around a set of special technical abilities or specific professional work he is good at.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings meets the technical functional career anchor?", "options": ["After obtaining a master's degree in computer science, Xiao Li worked in a game software company and became a software engineer. Due to frequent overtime and serious physical overdraft, he simply resigned and opened a flower shop", "Dr. Wang is an expert in neurosurgery. Because of his superb professional skills and high reputation in the industry, he was elected president and is responsible for the administration of the whole hospital full-time", "Xiao Li is a full-time actress who has performed well in many films, but as she grows older, she encounters a career bottleneck, so she decides to stop filming and go abroad to study business administration", "After graduating from the chef school, Xiao Zhang was first employed in a small restaurant and was not reused at first. Later, he devoted himself to studying new dishes and won great praise. He was recruited by headhunters to a five-star hotel as the chef of the restaurant"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9422, "answer": 3, "text": "In the face of the chronic social and psychological illness of teenagers' Internet addiction, people from all walks of life have been trying to find countermeasures. Relevant scientific research has explained the mechanism of game addiction from different angles such as biomedicine, psychology and sociology, and sought the corresponding mechanism of intervention and governance. From the point of view of biomedicine, biochemical scientists have found that game addiction should be treated as a disease of the cerebral neurodopamine system; psychologists have revealed from a large number of case studies that game addiction mostly comes from defective personality, cognitive deviation, and specific defense mechanisms that balance the inner world with the impact of external reality. Sociological research focuses on the environmental factors of life events such as national policy, social environment, family education, parent-child relationship, school teaching, social communication style and so on.", "question": "Which of the following options is the author most likely to describe next?", "options": ["Biochemical scientists develop drugs to treat teenagers' Internet addiction.", "Psychologists put forward countermeasures to solve teenagers' Internet addiction.", "Sociologists analyze the causes of teenagers' Internet addiction.", "How to solve the problem of teenagers' Internet addiction from all walks of life."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1260, "answer": 2, "text": "According to a survey report in 2017, more than 80 percent of households believe that reading is an important way for children to understand the world and acquire knowledge, and more than 60 percent believe that reading is of great significance for children to develop loving learning habits and healthy character. In real life, more than 30% of the minor children of the surveyed families can read every day, and more than 60% of the children can read between half an hour and an hour at a time. But only 30% of the parents surveyed often accompany their children to read, and nearly 60% of families let their children read by themselves. Interestingly, although parents themselves have taken up too much time by mobile phones, computers and TV, some parents want to squeeze their children's time to play with electronic products and watch TV with the help of reading.", "question": "Which of the following is the most suitable title for this passage?", "options": ["Chinese parents highly recognize the value of reading to their children's growth.", "put down your phone so that you can read with your children.", "do you check your cell phone and your children read books?", "Reading, not just about books."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7826, "answer": 2, "text": "Technological innovation refers to the economic development, only new technology and new inventions in the production of the first application, is in the production system to establish a new production function or supply function. The new combination economics, which causes a kind of factor of production and production conditions, emphasizes that planned innovation is not exclusive. Uncertainty, marketability and systemic characteristics.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following behaviors belongs to technological innovation in the field of economics?", "options": ["The space technology of the United States is extremely developed and advanced. The space shuttle can fly freely in space", "A Japanese food factory introduced foreign advanced production technology to improve product quality", "After continuous exploration, Haier Group has produced household appliances suitable for the needs of all kinds of people and achieved great market returns", "Microsoft's technology can find the content of any computer using Microsoft"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13551, "answer": 0, "text": "Biotechnology companies say that voluntary guidelines for their industry are sufficient to ensure that no harm will result when a genetically altered organism is released into the environment. It is foolish, however, to rely on assurances from producers of genetically altered organisms that their products will not be harmful. Ttherefore, a biotechnology company should be required to apply to an independent regulatory board composed of scientists outside the biotechnology industry for the right to sell newly created organisms.", "question": "Which one of the following principles, if accepted, most strongly justifies drawing the conclusion above?", "options": ["People who engage in an activity and have a financial stake in that activity should not be the sole regulators of that activity.", "Voluntary guidelines are sufficient to regulate activities that pose little danger to the environment.", "Issues of environmental protection are so important that they should not be left to scientific experts.", "Methods that result in harm to the environment must sometimes be used in order to avoid even greater harm."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4184, "answer": 2, "text": "Continuing Education: refers to non-academic education for professional and technical personnel aimed at updating, supplementing, broadening professional knowledge and training, and improving professional competence.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following belongs to the continuing education?", "options": ["Many rural secondary school teachers obtained their baccalaureate degrees through correspondence education.", "In institutions of higher learning, teachers who have obtained the titles of professor and associate professor are working for the Doctor's degree.", "To help primary school teachers adapt to the new curriculum standards, the education bureau has organised summer training programmes for three consecutive years.", "The Labor Bureau offers various forms of vocational training to help laid-off workers find new jobs."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10309, "answer": 2, "text": "Some people think that watching violence in TV programs will lead to the actual aggressive behavior of the audience, can it be said that just watching other people eat can feed their own stomach?", "question": "Which of the following inferences is most similar to the one used above?", "options": ["Some people think that this team is the best. Can it be said that every player in this team is also the best?", "Some people think that nationalism has a certain reason. can it be said that nationalism has not been used as an excuse for crime?", "Some people think that economists can control inflation, but can meteorologists control the weather?", "Some people think that China's energy deal with Africa is robbing Africa's energy. Is it true that China's energy deal with Russia is robbing Russia's energy?"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12345, "answer": 3, "text": "Claude: Because of the relatively high number of middle-aged people in the workforce, there will be fewer opportunities for promotion into upper-management positions. Since this will decrease people' s incentive to work hard, economic productivity and the quality of life will diminish. Thelma: This glut of middle-aged workers will lead many people to form their own companies. They will work hard and thus increase economic productivity, improving the quality of life even if many of the companies ultimately fail.", "question": "On the basis of their statements, Claude and Thelma are committed to agreeing about which one of the following?", "options": ["How hard a company's employees work is a function of what they think their chances for promotion are in that company.", "The failure of many companies will not necessarily have a negative effect on overall economic productivity.", "The quality of life in a society affects that society's economic productivity.", "Economic productivity will be affected by the number of middle-aged people in the workforce."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3912, "answer": 0, "text": "The actual situation is just the opposite of the theoretical expectation.In the United States, for example, there are 15.1 million full-time civil servants in its population of more than 200 million, or about one in a dozen on average. This vast bureaucracy wastes a third of the defense budget on unhelpful rules and regulations, doing things that need not be done. The Department of Defense Rules and regulations are almost unrivalled in their complexity. There are 800 pages of regulations for military housing and 8,800 pages for civilian military personnel.", "question": "Which of the following is most likely to be described in the article next?", "options": ["The gap between theoretical expectations and reality.", "The causes of these inefficiencies.", "The historical roots of the enormous size of the US government.", "The negative impact of large military expenditure on the country's finances."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9454, "answer": 1, "text": "The number of fires and the area burned in the Amazon rainforest increase at an alarming rate every year. However, satellite photos show that the increase in the number of fires to the area burned last year was significantly lower than in previous years. Last year, a government spent millions of dollars on preventing and fighting fires in the Amazon rainforest. The government claimed that the satellite data showed that the government's efforts to prevent and extinguish fires had achieved remarkable results.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, would most weaken the government's conclusion above?", "options": ["Last year the country spent significantly less on preventing and fighting fires in the Amazon rainforest than in previous years", "The country saw unusually large and sustained rainfall last year", "The number of rainforest fires and the area burned in other countries adjacent to the country have not decreased", "The country spends only a small percentage of annual fiscal expenditure on rainforest fire prevention and suppression"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2448, "answer": 1, "text": "In the debate on whether to implement the last elimination system for civil servants, Zhang Hong's argument is that the implementation of the last elimination system can promote people to work actively and improve the work efficiency of the organ. Jin Jing's view is: the question is whether a civil servant should be eliminated after he has completed his own work. After some organs tried out the last elimination system, their work efficiency was indeed improved.", "question": "Which of the followings best evaluates the impact of this fact on their views?", "options": ["Neither view was affected.", "Only Zhang Hong's view has been strengthened.", "Both views have been strengthened.", "Only Jin Jing's view has been strengthened."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5030, "answer": 0, "text": "At a company's end-of-year party, the host put a prize in each of the 3 boxes and let Xiao Li, Xiao Guo, Xiao Yang, Xiao Li guess how many prizes were placed in each box. Xiao Li said: Box 1 is the third prize, Box 2 is the special prize, Box 3 is the first prize. Xiao Guo said: Box 1 is the second prize, Box 2 is the special prize, Box 3 is the fourth prize. Xiao Yang said: Box 1 is the consolation prize, Box 2 is the third prize, Box 3 is the fifth prize. Xiao Li said: Box 1 is the second prize, Box 2 is the fourth prize, Box 3 is the consolation prize.", "question": "If one person happens to guess two correctly, the other three guess only one correctly. So What's in the second box?", "options": ["Special Prize.", "Second Prize.", "Fifth Prize.", "Consolation Prize."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4010, "answer": 0, "text": "The Carell formula means that we are in a position where we can concentrate on solving problems only if we force ourselves to face the worst-case scenario and accept it mentally.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options belongs to the Carell formula?", "options": ["A businessman owed a large amount of debt due to poor management. He came to his relatives' farm disheartened and wanted to spend the rest of his life here. However, with the encouragement of melon farmers, he finally rose again", "A Jun's stock trading routine was very depressed. Later, he figured it out. He studied to be an ostrich, didn't look at stocks, and focused on his work. A few years later, his career was successful", "An old lady selling flowers was shabby but full of joy. She said, Jesus died on the cross on Friday, but it's Easter three days later. So I'm always happy.", "Ah Q suffered a loss in fighting with little D. he thought, I was finally beaten by my son. Now the world is really ugly. My son actually beat me. so he was satisfied and seemed to win"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9280, "answer": 2, "text": "A former vice president of the Shanxi vinegar industry association said that only 5% of the Shanxi aged vinegar sold on the market is the real Shanxi aged vinegar without additives. A vice president of the China seasoning Association said in an interview with reporters on the incident: as long as additives are added according to national standards, there is no safety problem. Some enterprises emphasize that they do not add additives, which is unfair to enterprises that add additives according to normal standards. ", "question": "Which of the following statements can be logically derived from the words of the vice president of the seasoning association?", "options": ["In order to ensure fairness, enterprises should not produce products that are higher than the national standards, or keep secret the fact that the quality of the products is higher than the national standards", "If we want to promote the technological innovation of the industry, we should raise the national standards of the industry", "The national standard of an industry is too high, which is not conducive to the healthy development of the industry", "If additives are not added according to national standards, there will be safety problems"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11055, "answer": 2, "text": "Police statistics have shown that automobile antitheft devices reduce the risk of car theft, but a statistical study of automobile theft by the automobile insurance industry claims that cars equipped with antitheft devices are, paradoxically, more likely to be stolen than cars that are not so equipped.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, does the most to resolve the apparent paradox?", "options": ["Most automobile thefts are the work of professional thieves against whose efforts antitheft devices offer scant protection.", "The most common automobile antitheft devices are audible alarms, which typically produce ten false alarms for every actual attempted theft.", "Automobile owners who have particularly theft-prone cars and live in areas of greatest incidence of car theft are those who are most likely to have antitheft devices installed.", "Owners of stolen cars almost invariably report the theft immediately to the police but tend to delay notifying their insurance company, in the hope that the vehicle will be recovered."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 873, "answer": 1, "text": "Bill rights, also called rights on bills, refers to the obligation of the holder to pay the bill acceptor, the promissory note issuer, and the check holder after presenting the bill, exercise the right to request the payment of the bill. And it also refers to the right to recourse for tickets in the event if the bill is not paid, accepted or other circumstances that payment is not received on the due date .", "question": "Which of the followings is not part of the bill rights?", "options": ["The holder presents the bill and requires the bill acceptor to grant the right of payment deadline.", "The holder's right to change the bill on his own without the consent of the invoicer.", "The holder presents the bill and requires the check to keep the person exercising the right to make payment.", "The holder has the right to recourse within the prescribed time limit when he has not received the due payment."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2523, "answer": 3, "text": "Once Wang Ying did not participate in a class activity. Afterwards, the monitor asked Wang Ying, Why didn't you come to this class activity?", "question": "Which of the following must be presupposed for the monitor's questions?", "options": ["Wang Ying did not ask for leave in advance when she was absent from the class activity", "Wang Ying has never been absent from class activities", "Wang Ying has never been absent from class activities", "Wang Ying has been absent from past class activities"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1692, "answer": 2, "text": "Modern scientific and technological achievements have created advanced medicine, extended human life and reduced newborn infant mortality. Coupled with the long period of peace after World War II, some countries adopted family planning policies very late, which has resulted in a stable reproductive era for mankind. The world's population is growing rapidly and is expected to reach 6.4 billion by the end of the current world Economy.", "question": "Which of the following is the main argument supported?", "options": ["Modern technology prolongs life expectancy and reduces infant mortality", "The uncontrolled growth of population is the side effect of modern science and technology", "The stable fertility period caused by a combination of many factors led to a large increase in population", "The growth of the world's population increases geometrically"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12681, "answer": 0, "text": "The gray squirrel, introduced into local woodlands ten years ago, threatens the indigenous population of an endangered owl species, because the squirrels' habitual stripping of tree bark destroys the trees in which the owls nest. Some local officials have advocated setting out poison for the gray squirrels. The officials argue that this measure, while eliminating the squirrels, would pose no threat to the owl population, since the poison would be placed in containers accessible only to squirrels and other rodents.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most calls into question the officials' argument?", "options": ["The owls whose nesting sites are currently being destroyed by the gray squirrels feed primarily on rodents.", "The officials' plan entails adding the poison to food sources that are usually eaten by rodents but not by other animals.", "No indigenous population of any other bird species apart from the endangered owls is threatened by the gray squirrels.", "The owls that are threatened build their nests in the tops of trees, but the gray squirrels strip away bark from the trunks."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10488, "answer": 3, "text": "At present, the utilization rate of Russian arable land in the far East is less than 50%, and the Russian Ministry of Economic Development intends to lease agricultural land to Asia-Pacific countries for a long time. The Ministry believes that without the injection of foreign capital and labor, Russia will not be able to achieve the revitalization of the far East on its own. However, if foreign capital and labor enter the far East, the region may be alienated by foreign immigrants.", "question": "If the judgment of the Russian Ministry of Economic Development is correct, which of the following options must be true?", "options": ["If Russia introduces foreign capital and labor into the far East, the region will be revitalized.", "If Russia can revitalize the far East on its own, the region will not be alienated by foreign immigrants.", "If Russia continues to improve its systems while introducing foreign capital and labor into the far East, the region will not be alienated by foreign immigrants.", "If we do not rely on our own strength and realize the revitalization of the far East, Russia will face the problem that the region may be alienated by foreign immigrants."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4221, "answer": 0, "text": "In the establishment of civilized society, Western Europe has broken the original family name relationship and established a regional-centered political relationship. Unlike Western Europe, China has established a national system based on the relationship of surnames and the relationship between blood and blood when it established a civilized society.", "question": "Such a country is dominated by patriarchal relations of families, which of the following options is correct?", "options": ["In Chinese civilization, home is the foundation of the country, the country is the enlargement of the home", "Civilizations in Western Europe do not attach importance to kinship", "The civilization of Western Europe is more advanced than that of China", "Based on family names, it is easier to establish a civilized social system, so China's civilization is longer"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13073, "answer": 2, "text": "Clinician: Patients with immune system disorders are usually treated with a class of drugs that, unfortunately, increase the patient' s risk of developing osteoporosis, a bone-loss disease. So these patients take another drug that helps to preserve existing bone. Since a drug that enhances the growth of new bone cells has now become available, these patients should take this new drug in addition to the drug that helps to preserve existing bone.", "question": "Which one of the following would be most useful to know in order to evaluate the clinician's argument?", "options": ["How large is the class of drugs that increase the risk of developing osteoporosis?", "Why are immune system disorders treated with drugs that increase the risk of developing osteoporosis?", "To what extent does the new drug retain its efficacy when used in combination with the other drugs?", "Is the new drug more expensive than the drug that helps to preserve existing bone?"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4430, "answer": 2, "text": "Law of small numbers is a kind of psychological deviation, which means that people regard the probability distribution of an event in a small sample as an overall distribution, grasp a feature of the problem and directly infer the result, without considering the real probability of this feature and other reasons related to the feature", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings reflects Law of small numbers", "options": ["In the coin toss game, even if there are 10 consecutive positive, the probability of positive for the 11th time is still 50%", "The fact that an investment manager has performed better than others in the past two years does not mean that the manager is better than others", "A survey of 100 people on the streets of Beijing believes that house prices in Beijing are very high, so people all over Beijing believe that house prices in Beijing are very high", "If 60% of babies born in a large hospital at a given time are boys, the situation must be the same in a small hospital"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3879, "answer": 1, "text": "Burning mugwort leaves at night to repel mosquitoes was an important cause of house fires in Longquan Mountain area. In recent years, though, the use of mugwort leaves to repel mosquitoes has decreased significantly. However, the number of deaths caused by home fires has not decreased.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, cannot explain the above condition?", "options": ["Compared with other causes of family fires in The mountainous area of Longquan, the damage caused by fires caused by burning mugwort leaves at night is relatively small", "Fires caused by burning mugwort leaves at night usually start after family members fall asleep", "Longquan people's awareness of fire prevention caused by burning mugwort leaves at night has increased, but the prevention of other fire hazards has not been strengthened", "With the improvement of living standards, wood furniture and household appliances in the bedroom increase in recent years, once the fire, the fire is more violent than in the past"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4134, "answer": 3, "text": "Business Ethics Investigator: XYZ Coin Exchange has always misled its customers that some of its coins are very rare. In fact, those coins are relatively common and easy to get. XYZ Coin Exchange: This is ridiculous, XYZ Coin The exchange is one of the largest coin exchanges in the world. We sell coins that have been certified by an internationally certified company and have a coin distribution license. XYZ coin exchange's answer is very unconvincing, because it...", "question": "Which of the following is the most appropriate as a link to the above?", "options": ["Deliberately exaggerating the statement of the business ethics investigator to make it appear unreliable", "Accuses the business ethics investigator of bias, but fails to provide sufficient evidence to substantiate his accusation", "Failed to verify that other coin exchanges could not verify the coins they sold", "Listed the advantages of XYZ coin exchange, but did not answer the question of the business ethics investigator"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1400, "answer": 1, "text": "The difficulties in life and the loneliness of my heart made me waver for my choice. Often worry about eating, or miss my mother can only make a phone call, I really regret my impulsive choice. But think about it, after all, this is my own decision, and it will only take half a year. But soon, seeing that the English grades of these rural children improved and the children who dropped out of school returned to the classroom, I think I found the feeling that I like it here.", "question": "Which of the following is most likely to be the author's occupation?", "options": ["Primary school teachers", "Young volunteers", "Reporter", "Young village cadres"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8644, "answer": 3, "text": "A research paper published in a famous foreign academic journal reveals that when people are angry, there will be a series of reactions in the body, which will make the heart beat faster and endocrine disorder, and cause high blood pressure and digestive system disorder. In severe cases, it may cause vomiting or even fainting, and it can also cause skin freckles to increase in the future. Zhang San hopes that his child can go to a famous university. If he sees the grades his child are not satisfactory, he will sulk.", "question": "Based on the conclusion of the question, which of the followings, if true, can best lead to the conclusion that Zhang San is angry?", "options": ["Zhang San's blood pressure has increased.", "Zhang San's blood pressure increased and vomited.", "Zhang San's blood pressure increased and vomited. At the same time, Zhang San was accompanied by syncope, and the number of freckles on the skin also increased.", "In the final exam of the semester,the grades of two of the son of the Zhang San subjects dropped."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5829, "answer": 2, "text": "A, B, C, and D are comparing their heights. A said:I am the highest. B said: I am not the shortest. C said: although I am shorter than A, there are still people shorter than me. D Say: I'm probably the shortest. The actual measurement showed that only one person was wrong.", "question": "Which of the following is the correct order for the four people from high to short?", "options": ["A,B,C,D.", "B,C,A,D.", "B,A,C,D.", "A,B,D,C."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7155, "answer": 1, "text": "Compared with the previous marketing system, the overseas marketing system of multinational enterprises is very different. Some more effective marketing strategies in the domestic market may not be suitable for the overseas market. If you copy the domestic marketing strategy, you may be frustrated in developing the overseas market, and adopting the appropriate strategy of regional differentiation will improve the effect of overseas marketing, it plays an important role in promoting the development of overseas markets. In fact, the vast majority of multinational enterprises that adopt differentiated marketing strategy are successful enterprises. Of course, some multinational enterprises that do not adopt differentiated marketing strategy also succeed. However, all successful multinational enterprises have a common feature, that is, they all focus on the long-term development of enterprises, It has a relatively perfect strategic management system.", "question": "If the above statements are correct, which of the following statements must be correct?", "options": ["All multinational enterprises that focus on the long-term development of enterprises and have a relatively perfect strategic management system are successful multinational enterprises.", "Some multinational enterprises that focus on the long-term development of enterprises and have a relatively complete strategic management system are multinational enterprises that do not adopt differentiated marketing strategy.", "The vast majority of successful multinational enterprises are multinational enterprises that have adopted differentiated marketing strategy.", "Some multinational enterprises that focus on the long-term development of enterprises and have a relatively perfect strategic management system are not successful multinational enterprises."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11725, "answer": 3, "text": "The shooting at the convenience store occurred just before dawn this morning, and the last police officer did not leave the scene until late this afternoon. With all the commotion, no one could have been anywhere within the vicinity of the scene of the shooting and fail to notice it. Jeffrey must have noticed the scene, no matter what he says. He admits that he went to work as usual that morning, and the only way for him to get from his home to his worksite is to go past the convenience store.", "question": "The main conclusion of the argument is that", "options": ["Jeffrey did not go to work this morning", "Jeffrey was in the vicinity of the shooting when it happened", "Jeffrey claimed he did not notice the scene this morning", "Jeffrey noticed the scene of the shooting this morning"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11955, "answer": 2, "text": "Whenever an artist endowed with both a high level of artistic skill and a high degree of creativity combines these two abilities in the process of creating an artwork, the resulting product is a great work of art. Moreover, no work of art can be great unless both of these elements are combined in its execution. Thus, great works of art are necessarily rare.", "question": "Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?", "options": ["Not every artist possesses a high level of artistic skill.", "An artist endowed with a high degree of creativity and a high level of artistic skill will necessarily produce great works of art.", "A high degree of creativity and a high level of artistic skill are seldom combined in the creation of a work of art.", "Anyone endowed with both a high level of artistic skill and a high degree of creativity will produce only a few great works of art."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10743, "answer": 3, "text": "A significant number of complex repair jobs carried out by Ace Repairs have to be reworked under the company' s warranty. The reworked jobs are invariably satisfactory. When initial repairs are inadequate, ttherefore, it is not because the mechanics lack competence; rather, there is clearly a level of focused concentration that complex repairs require that is elicited more reliably by rework jobs than by first-time jobs.", "question": "The argument above assumes which of the following?", "options": ["There is no company that successfully competes with Ace Repairs for complex repair jobs.", "Ace Repairs does not in any way penalize mechanics who have worked on complex repair jobs that later had to be reworked.", "There is no category of repair jobs in which Ace Repairs invariably carries out first-time jobs satisfactorily.", "There is no systematic difference in membership between the group of mechanics who do first-time jobs and the group of those who do rework jobs."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4022, "answer": 0, "text": "A unit needs to send personnel to participate in poverty alleviation work. It is known that if Xiao Li does not participate, then ponies participate. If the pony doesn't take part, so does Xiao Li. If the ponies take part then Xiao Li will also take part.", "question": "Which of the following options is correct based on the above criteria?", "options": ["Xiao Ma participates in poverty alleviation", "Xiao Li participates in poverty alleviation", "Both Xiao Ma and Xiao Li participate in poverty alleviation", "Xiao Ma and Xiao Li don't participate in poverty alleviation"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10174, "answer": 1, "text": "If top management is not personally involved in the formulation of compensation policy, the company's final compensation policy will not be successful. In addition, if more managers participate in the formulation of compensation policies and tell the company what they think is important, the company's final compensation policies will be more effective.", "question": "If the above statement is true, which of the following statements cannot be false?", "options": ["Unless more managers are involved in the formulation of compensation policies, the company's final compensation policies will not be successful.", "Either top management is personally involved in setting compensation policies, or the company's final pay policies will not succeed.", "If top management is personally involved in the formulation of compensation policy, the company's final compensation policy will be successful.", "If more managers participate in the formulation of compensation policy, the company's final compensation policy will be more effective."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7785, "answer": 1, "text": "A survey on the leisure life of 13 members of a certain community found that (1) members who like swimming do not like Tai Chi; (2) members who do not like outings like Tai Chi;(3) members who like outings do not like climbing.", "question": "Which of the following can be inferred?", "options": ["Members who like climbing don't like swimming.", "Members who like swimming don't like climbing.", "Members who like Tai Chi don't like outings.", "Members who like Tai Chi don't like climbing."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2312, "answer": 3, "text": "The fast, continuous, and unpredictable competitive environment requires companies to be small in scale, simplified in structure, and at the same time have sufficient technical reserves and the ability to resist capital risks. The current way to solve this contradiction is usually to establish a win-win principle on a global scale. Virtual enterprise. A virtual enterprise is a dynamic alliance between enterprises. Each member enterprise participating in the virtual enterprise has a certain degree of autonomy. When a market opportunity appears, the franchise enterprises will organize together to jointly develop, produce and sell new products. Once the product is found to be unprofitable, it will automatically disband. Therefore, the virtual enterprise is considered to be the most competitive enterprise operation mode in the 21st century.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, best supports the above view?", "options": ["The modern information technology and communication methods developed in today's society provide convenience for communication between enterprises", "Enterprises want to survive and develop in the current competitive environment to expand their advantages, and they need a new operating mode", "Any problems in the production of any franchise enterprise in the virtual enterprise will interrupt the operation of the entire production chain", "Virtual enterprises can quickly concentrate the strongest design, processing and sales forces to achieve rapid response to the market"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13505, "answer": 0, "text": "Most land-dwelling vertebrates have rotating limbs terminating in digits, a characteristic useful for land movement. Biologists who assume that this characteristic evolved only after animals abandoned aquatic environments must consider the Acanthostega, a newly discovered ancestor of all land vertebrates. It possessed rotating limbs terminating in digits, but its skeleton was too feeble for land movement. It also breathed using only internal gills, indicating that it and its predecessors were exclusively aquatic.", "question": "The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following?", "options": ["Certain anatomical characteristics common to some aquatic animals represent an advantage for survival on land.", "None of the anatomical characteristics common to most aquatic animals represent an advantage for survival on land.", "Many anatomical characteristics common to most land animals represent a disadvantage for survival underwater.", "Acanthostega originated as a land-dwelling species, but evolved gills only after moving to an underwater environment."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1216, "answer": 3, "text": "The study found that eating walnuts and other nuts for a long time can improve some indicators related to brain function, which is not the same as the expected brain tonifying function of walnuts. So far, there is no direct research evidence that eating walnuts can improve people's IQ or test scores in a short time. Moreover, most people's intelligence will peak around the age of 20~30. After that, it is difficult to improve. A correct diet, including daily intake of a small number of nuts such as walnuts, is indeed conducive to delaying the aging process of the brain and reducing the risk of diseases, including stroke. However, the effect of quick response, good memory and intelligent running up is just a beautiful imagination.", "question": "According to this passage, which of the following statements is correct?", "options": ["Long-term eating walnuts cannot improve the indicators related to brain function.", "Eating walnuts can improve people's IQ or test scores in the short term.", "Eating walnuts makes most people's intelligence peak at the age of 20~30.", "Daily intake of an appropriate number of walnuts is conducive to delaying the aging process of the brain."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9418, "answer": 0, "text": "Commercial confusion means that operators engage in market transactions by deceptive means to confuse their own goods or services with those of specific competitors, resulting in unfair competition that may be sufficient to make buyers mistakenly buy.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options is a commercial confusion?", "options": ["A Baiwei beer sold by a brewer is very similar to the outer packaging of the well-known brand Budweiser, but the price is only half that of Budweiser.", "In the picture of the poster for the tourism promotion of Mount Tai, the mountains are undulating and the clouds are shrouded in white clouds. The Taishan brand cigarettes produced by a local cigarette factory also copied the picture of the poster on the cigarette box.", "An entertainment company runs a clubhouse called Evening Pavilion and hangs stills of its company's artist Zhang Wanting's film in front of the door. Many people think that this is Zhang Wanting's own clubhouse.", "The outer packaging of a biscuit manufacturer uses stills from the well-known cartoon Pig Page, which is accompanied by a doll of Pig Page, which attracts a lot of small customers."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11520, "answer": 1, "text": "The principle of equality before the law rules out using media access and renown as valid considerations in the sentencing of convicted criminals. Nevertheless, movie stars found guilty of drug abuse in well-publicized trials are often sentenced to perform community service, while unknown defendants convicted of the same crimes usually serve prison sentences.", "question": "The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following conclusions?", "options": ["The principle of equality before the law can properly be overridden by other principles in some cases.", "The sentencing of movie stars to community service instead of prison constitutes a violation of the principle of equality before the law in many cases.", "The principle of equality before the law is rigorously applied in only a few types of criminal trials.", "The principle of equality before the law does not allow for leniency in sentencing."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10211, "answer": 2, "text": "It is the people of the country who are most concerned about the fate and future of a country, and it is the people of the country who know the most about the situation of the country. Therefore, it is only up to the people of the country to decide what kind of road a country will take.", "question": "Which of the following options does not support the argument in the main part of the question?", "options": ["The invasion and intervention of the United States in Iraq caused a great disaster to the Iraqi people and the Americans themselves", "Countries all over the world have different historical traditions, national habits, religious beliefs and economic conditions, so their development paths also have their own characteristics", "The reason why we can't know the true face of Lushan Mountain is that we are in the middle of these mountains", "If you take matters into your own hands, you will often make a mess of things"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13664, "answer": 2, "text": "When people evade income taxes by not declaring taxable income, a vicious cycle results. Tax evasion forces lawmakers to raise income tax rates, which causes the tax burden on nonevading taxpayers to become heavier. This, in turn, encourages even more taxpayers to evade income taxes by hiding taxable income.", "question": "The vicious cycle described above could not result unless which of the following were true?", "options": ["An increase in tax rates tends to function as an incentive for taxpayers to try to increase their pretax incomes.", "No one who routinely hides some taxable income can be induced by a lowering of tax rates to stop hiding such income unless fines for evaders are raised at the same time.", "When lawmakers establish income tax rates in order to generate a certain level of revenue, they do not allow adequately for revenue that will be lost through evasion.", "Some methods for detecting tax evaders, and thus recovering some tax revenue lost through evasion, bring in more than they cost, but their success rate varies from year to year."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1007, "answer": 3, "text": "Advance payment refers to the payment of a certain amount of money to the other party according to the agreement as a guarantee of claims. After the debtor fulfills its debts, the deposit shall be offset against the price or recovered. If the party paying the deposit fails to perform the agreed obligation, it shall not have the right to request the return of the deposit; If the party receiving the deposit fails to perform the agreed debt, it shall double the deposit.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following is advance payment?", "options": ["Xiao Zhang engaged in accordance with the agreement between the two sides to give the woman 50,000 yuan gift.", "Due to the tight supply of cars, Xiao Chen in order to buy a car and be able to pick up the car immediately and agreed to pay 4S store an additional 10,000 yuan.", "A company withholds part of its salary until the following year, in order to ensure that employees continue to work for the company in the following year. ", "Xiao Li paid 20,000 yuan to the landlord after fancying a second-hand house, and the two sides agreed to sell the house to Xiao Li within a week. "], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7585, "answer": 2, "text": "Tyndall phenomenon refers to when a beam of light passes through the colloid, a bright pathway in the colloid can be observed from the vertical direction of the incident light.", "question": "Which of the following belong to Tyndall phenomenon?", "options": ["The flashlight hits the wall to form an aperture", "Light can change direction through water", "Early in the morning in the dense woods, you can often see the beams of light passing through the branches and leaves", "The shadows of the blue sky and white clouds are reflected in the clear lake"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8363, "answer": 1, "text": "Anthropologists measured human skulls at various periods in history and found that the average brain capacity of contemporary adults is 1349 milliliters, compared with the brain capacity of Mesolithic humans, the brain capacity of men is reduced by 10%. The brain capacity of women is reduced by 17%. The researchers believe that in an era of increasingly clear division of labor, people with a cooperative spirit have more opportunities to survive and reproduce than others, and survival of the friendliest is an important reason for the shrinking human brain.", "question": "Which of the following options, if true, best supports the above conclusion?", "options": ["Contemporary brain science research shows that a smaller brain capacity makes humans more cooperative.", "Cooperation will reduce human aggressiveness, and the reduction of aggressiveness will lead to lighter body and less brain capacity.", "With the rise of the temperature, people's requirements for weight are reduced, and the shrinking of the body will inevitably lead to the shrinking of the brain.", "The emergence of media for the storage of external information reduces the burden of memory on the brain, and the human brain shrinks."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2793, "answer": 1, "text": "Office Director: This office does not plan to use recycled paper. The letter to the user must leave a good impression. Cannot print on poor quality paper. Stationery suppliers: recycled paper is not necessarily inferior. In fact, the original paper was made from recyclable materials. It was not until the 1850s that wood fiber was used as a raw material for papermaking due to insufficient supply of scrap materials.", "question": "Which of the following best summarizes the loopholes in the stationery supplier's rebuttal?", "options": ["I didn't realize that the office director's prejudice against recycling paper was due to some kind of ignorance.", "Unrelated facts are used to prove an assertion about product quality.", "It is inappropriate to assume that the office director understands the paper manufacturing process.", "Ignore the legal right of the office director to care about product quality."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1868, "answer": 1, "text": "The earliest foundation of Beijing was Youzhou City in the Tang Dynasty. in the following thousand years, Beijing had four large-scale development, or expansion, or new construction, namely, the capital of the Yuan Dynasty and the capital of the Yuan Dynasty. the inner city built in the early Ming Dynasty and the outer city built after the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the convex wall of Beijing was completed in this way. The Qing Dynasty inherited Beijing of the Ming Dynasty, leaving the overall layout system unchanged until modern times.", "question": "It can be seen that which of the following is correct?", "options": ["The first large-scale development of Beijing was in the Yuan Dynasty", "Beijing expanded its outer city in the early Ming Dynasty", "The convex wall of Beijing was formed in the Ming Dynasty", "The overall layout of Beijing has not changed much in history"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6080, "answer": 2, "text": "The British banking association organizes a training course every year to help bank staff identify counterfeit banknotes. During the training, students can't touch any counterfeit banknotes. They use real banknotes during training and talk about the characteristics of real banknotes in class. Experts explain that students get used to the feeling of real banknotes through repeated contact with real banknotes, fingers and eyes. Once they encounter counterfeit banknotes at work in the future, they will feel very uncomfortable. Although they know nothing about the characteristics of counterfeit banknotes, they subconsciously tell them: this is not real banknotes! according to statistics, the staff who have received this training have much better recognition ability of counterfeit banknotes.", "question": "This paragraph is intended to illustrate that:", "options": ["The subconscious mind is acquired through constant repetition", "When information is missing, we need to rely more on intuition", "Strengthening the right information helps to improve discrimination", "Too much wrong information may interfere with people's judgment"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9995, "answer": 3, "text": "It is wrong to say that foods with high content of refined sugar will not cause acquired diabetes, because foods with high content of refined sugar will lead to obesity, so obesity is an important cause of acquired diabetes.", "question": "Which of the following options is most similar to the above argument?", "options": ["It is wrong to say that Alexander is a student of Plato. In fact, Alexander was a student of Aristotle, and Aristotle was a student of Plato", "It is right to say that excessive fertilization is the main cause of lawn diseases and pests. Because excessive fertilization will cause the crazy growth of grass, which has little resistance to diseases and pests", "It is wrong that people who often take part in strenuous exercise may cause sudden death. Because the violent cause is cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and vigorous exercise does not necessarily cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases", "It is wrong to say that inferior gasoline will not cause abnormal fuel consumption. Because inferior gasoline will cause very normal aging of engine valves, while abnormal aging of engine valves will cause abnormal fuel consumption"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10564, "answer": 3, "text": "One theater plans to present seven plays over seven weeks in the fall. They are F, G., J, K, O, R, S. There is one play a week, and each play runs exactly one week. The repertory must meet the following conditions :(1) G must be performed in the third week. (2) O and S cannot be performed continuously. (3) K must be staged before J and S. (4) F and J must be scheduled to perform in two consecutive weeks.", "question": "If YOU put S in the sixth week, what week must YOU put R in?", "options": ["The second week", "The fourth week", "The fifth week", "The seventh week"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9801, "answer": 2, "text": "Mr. Zhang intends to buy several kinds of flowers, and his intention is as follows: (1) buy at most one kind of rose and tulip; (2) buy at least one kind of peony, rose and daisy; (3) buy at least two kinds of tulips, daisies and lilies; and (4) if you buy tulips, do not buy peonies.", "question": "According to the above intention, which of the following items did Mr. Zhang buy?", "options": ["Must have bought lilies", "Must have bought at least one kind of tulips and peonies", "At least one kind of daisies and roses has been bought", "Bought at least three kinds of flowers"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13388, "answer": 3, "text": "The effort involved in lying produces measurable physiological reactions such as a speedup of the heartbeat. Since lying is accompanied by physiological reactions, lie-detector tests that can detect these reactions are a sure way of determining when someone is lying.", "question": "Which one of the following statements, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?", "options": ["Lie-detector tests can measure only some of the physiological reactions that occur when someone is lying.", "When employers use lie-detector tests as part of their preemployment screening, some candidates tested are highly motivated to lie.", "People are often unaware that they are having physiological reactions of the sort measured by lie-detector tests.", "For people who are not lying, the tension of taking a lie-detector test can produce physiological reactions identical to the ones that accompany the act of lying."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2883, "answer": 3, "text": "A certain unit plans to send 3 cadres with both political integrity and ability to carry out targeted poverty alleviation in the western mountainous area. The applicants were enthusiastic, and after inspection, 6 candidates were finally identified: Chen Jia, Fu Yi, Zhao Bing, Deng Ding, Liu Wu, and Zhang Ji. According to work needs, the dispatch must meet the following conditions: (1) If Chen Jia is dispatched, Deng Ding will be dispatched but Zhang Ji will not be dispatched; (2) If Fu Yi and Zhao Bing will dispatch at least one person, Liu Wu will not be dispatched.", "question": "Which of the following dispatch candidates does not contradict the above conditions?", "options": ["Zhao Bing, Deng Ding, Liu Wu", " Chen Jia, Fu Yi, Zhao Bing", "Fu Yi, Deng Ding, Liu Wu", "Deng Ding, Liu Wu, Zhang Ji"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1103, "answer": 2, "text": "This is a typical gully area on the Loess Plateau, where soil erosion is very serious; the land is barren and has nine droughts in ten years. Despite the good policies of the state, some people have embarked on the road to prosperity, but many farmers are still struggling on the poverty line.", "question": "This passage mainly explains:", "options": ["The economy on the Loess Plateau is backward, and the culture is lacking, which is in sharp contrast with the colorful world outside.", "Rather than waiting for national policy assistance, the local government should adapt to local conditions and develop a regional economy to get rid of poverty.", "The harsh natural environment is a major obstacle to the prosperity of local people.", "Solving the food and clothing problems of the people in the poverty-stricken areas of Northwest China is a top priority for coordinated development."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10577, "answer": 1, "text": "After the United Nations Security Council authorized military intervention by a coalition of armed forces intended to halt civil strife in a certain country, the parliament of one UN member nation passed a resolution condemning its own prime minister for promising to commit military personnel to the action. A parliamentary leader insisted that the overwhelming vote for the resolution did not imply the parliament' s opposition to the anticipated intervention; on the contrary, most members of parliament supported the UN plan.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy presented above?", "options": ["The public would not support the military action unless it was known that the parliament supported the action.", "In the parliamentary leader's nation, it is the constitutional prerogative of the parliament, not of the prime minister, to initiate foreign military action.", "The UN Security Council cannot legally commit the military of a member nation to armed intervention in other countries.", "Members of the parliament traditionally are more closely attuned to public sentiment, especially with regard to military action, than are prime ministers."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10415, "answer": 0, "text": "A unit arranges 6 people on duty on The first day, the second day, the third day of the new year. They are G., H, K, L, P, and S. Two people are required to be on duty every day. The personnel arrangement must meet the following conditions: (1) L and P must be on duty on the same day. (2) G and H cannot be on duty on the same day. (3) If K is on duty in the first day, then G is on duty in the second day. (4) ) If S is on duty in the third day, then H is on duty in the second day.", "question": "If H is on duty on the same day as the day before S, which of the followings must be true?", "options": ["G is on duty in the second day", "P is on duty in the second day", "K is on duty in the first day", "H is on duty in the first day"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4767, "answer": 2, "text": "Parents of a student: Now the students are under too much pressure to study, and they don't have the joy of childhood when they do their homework every day until ten o'clock in the evening! Teachers of the school: The school itself did not put too much pressure on the children and assigned very little homework. It was because the parents enrolled too many tuition classes for the children, which caused all kinds of homework to be completed very late. The children did not have time to play, so there was no happy childhood.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, would most question the explanation of the school's teacher?", "options": ["The school's student homework is really not much compared to other schools", "School teachers feel that there are few assignments, but students still feel a lot", "Although the teacher did not assign much written homework, the requirements of the homework made students have to apply for tuition", "Over stress is a common social problem, and it cannot be solved by the school's teachers by reducing their homework."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5607, "answer": 3, "text": "The accumulation organ is the accumulation site of poisons in the body. The concentration of poisons in the accumulation organ is higher than that in other organs, but it does not necessarily show toxic effect on the accumulation organ. This toxic effect can also be expressed by another organ through some pathophysiological mechanism, which is called effector organ.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following judgments is correct?", "options": ["Lead in air pollutants can be transferred and accumulated in human bones after being absorbed by the lung, damaging the bone hematopoietic system. Therefore, the accumulation organ of lead is the lung", "Sulfur dioxide in air pollutants is inhaled into the human body through the upper respiratory tract and trachea of the human body, and directly stimulates the upper respiratory tract and trachea. Therefore, the upper respiratory tract and trachea are accumulation organs", "When organophosphate pesticides act on the nervous system, they will cause the accumulation of acetylcholine at the synapse, causing people to salivate and narrow the pupil. Therefore, the nervous system is the effector organ of organophosphate", "Radionuclides deposited in the reticuloendothelial system cause serious damage to the liver and spleen, resulting in toxic hepatitis, so the reticuloendothelial system is a accumulation organ"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3072, "answer": 3, "text": "On the one hand, due to the intelligent trend of artificial intelligence and robots, the proportion of labor cost in the total investment in manufacturing industry will be further reduced, so as to accelerate the weakening of China's factor low-cost advantage; On the other hand, developed countries use their first mover advantage in the industrial revolution to continuously strengthen their global competitive advantage and high-end position in the value chain. If China cannot quickly adapt to the trend of the new industrial revolution, the technological gap between China and foreign countries may further expand due to the disruptive and revolutionary changes in social economy caused by intelligent manufacturing technology, It may also inhibit China's industrial transformation and upgrading and block the original strict industrial catch-up path, which is not conducive to China's manufacturing industry rising to the high end of the global value chain.", "question": "Which of the following options is correct according to the above materials?", "options": ["China is at a late developing disadvantage in the new industrial revolution", "Developed countries have a first mover advantage in the new industrial revolution", "Problems existing in China's manufacturing industry", "The challenge of industrial revolution to China's manufacturing industry"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9626, "answer": 1, "text": "Respite service means that government departments purchase services to provide temporary assistance to low-income families or families with special difficulties who have disabled and mentally handicapped elderly, so that those who take care of their relatives at home all the year round can have a short rest.", "question": "Which of the following options is the respite service?", "options": ["As their children emigrated abroad, the elderly Mr. Zhao and his wife had to rely on each other. They usually went to the market to buy daily necessities and went to the hospital to get medicine. After learning about the situation, the community specially hired people to come to their homes for half an hour every day to help them with the housework.", "Mr. Yang suffered a stroke more than 10 years ago, and his wife, Ms. du, was so busy every day in order to take care of him that she didn't even have time to go to the hospital when she was sick. At the beginning of this year, street nurses were sent to door-to-door service from time to time, so that she could have time to go to the hospital to see a doctor or have a short rest.", "After his father's death, Mr. Zhang, who was in his sixties, took on the responsibility of taking care of his mentally ill sister and never had a good night's sleep. Not long ago, Lao Zhang hired a hourly worker to look after his sister, and he felt much more relaxed.", "Grandma Chen, who suffers from amnesia, often goes out alone and gets lost many times. Her son, who lives on the minimum living standard, is unable to take care of her. After learning about the situation, the district civil affairs department sent Grandma Chen to a nursing home and borne all the expenses."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4723, "answer": 1, "text": "Ecological threshold refers to a point or an interval at which the ecosystem changes rapidly from one state to another. The driving force for this transformation comes from the weak additional changes of one or more key ecological factors. The Ecological Threshold Zone implies the gradual transformation process of the ecosystem from one stable state to another, rather than the sudden transformation like the point threshold.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following statements is wrong?", "options": ["If it can be proved that preserving 30% of the original vegetation can protect most species from threat, if it is lower than 30%, it will seriously threaten the survival of species, then 30% is the ecological threshold.", "If it is found that the local ecosystem will be threatened by serious drought if the temperature rises by 3.75% of the benchmark temperature, then 3.75% is its ecological threshold.", "If it is found that when the bird habitat is reduced from 15% to 7%, the bird diversity will gradually decline, then 7% is its ecological threshold.", "If it is found that the relative air humidity in a certain place is in the range of 44.7% to 53%, it will be conducive to the survival of local vegetation, but if it is higher than 53% or lower than 44.7%, it will seriously affect the survival of vegetation, then 44.7% and 53% are its ecological threshold."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 15136, "answer": 2, "text": "Toxicologist: A survey of oil-refinery workers who work with MBTE, an ingredient currently used in some smog-reducing gasolines, found an alarming incidence of complaints about headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Since gasoline containing MBTE will soon be widely used, we can expect an increased incidence of headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath.", "question": "Each of the following, if true, strengthens the toxicologist's argument EXCEPT:", "options": ["Most oil-refinery workers who do not work with MBTE do not have serious health problems involving headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath.", "Since the time when gasoline containing MBTE was first introduced in a few metropolitan areas, those areas reported an increase in the number of complaints about headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath.", "Headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath are among the symptoms of several medical conditions that are potentially serious threats to public health.", "The oil-refinery workers surveyed were carefully selected to be representative of the broader population in their medical histories prior to exposure to MBTE, as well as in other relevant respects."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4682, "answer": 1, "text": "Accident: refers to an accident caused by accidental factors due to the intentional or negligent act of the parties.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options belongs to accident:?", "options": ["Huang privately drove a scrapped car and had an accident on the way", "Xiao Ming accidentally bumped his classmates while playing during recess", "The doctor injected penicillin without giving Zhang an allergy test, resulting in Zhang's death", "Li fell asleep at night, resulting in the theft of the warehouse"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8078, "answer": 3, "text": "Synomone is a biologically released information chemical that can cause other receiving organisms to produce a response that is beneficial to both the releaser and the recipient.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is related to synomone?", "options": ["Apple fruit flies leave a marker pheromone after laying eggs on plant fruit to prevent themselves from laying eggs there again", "The azadirachtin contained in the seeds, leaves and bark of the neem family Neem has a killing effect on almost all pests", "The sex pheromone released by the female Asian corn borer can attract male moths, allowing the male moth to accurately locate the female moth", "After being attacked by Macrosiphum avenae, wheat releases methyl salicylate, which can attract heterochromatic lady beetle, the natural enemy of Macrosiphum avenae"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7075, "answer": 2, "text": "If the gross national product is higher and the consumer psychology changes, then the supply of vegetables will increase substantially; If the gross national product does not rise, or if the supply of vegetables will increase substantially, then the minimum standard of living for urban residents will not be guaranteed; if the supply of vegetables increases substantially, then perhaps farmers' incomes will increase,or an increase in social welfare. In fact, the minimum standard of living for city dwellers is guaranteed.", "question": "Which of the following can be inferred?", "options": ["The farmers have increased their income.", "Social security has been increased.", "The consumer psychology of the public has not changed.", "The consumer psychology of the public has changed."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5439, "answer": 1, "text": "Regression education is a theory that people's life should be a process of continuous alternation and combination of learning and work. Adults who are employed after receiving compulsory education or basic education or even higher education should return to school to study when necessary.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following belongs to regression education?", "options": ["Nine-year compulsory education", "The technicians of a factory went to the night school held by their unit to tutor English for charging", "Preschool education in kindergarten", "Secondary vocational school students participate in one-year internship after two years of full-time study"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7520, "answer": 2, "text": "Inverted force: refers to the process in which some negative factors push things in a positive direction under certain conditions.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following is not Inverted force?", "options": ["Internet rumors continue to stimulate the public nerves, a local government made up its mind to take a series of measures to increase information disclosure, and gradually mastered the initiative of online discourse", "Local folk illegal financing activities repeatedly banned, the impact is extremely bad, the government finally started the financial reform plan shelved for half a year", "In view of the increasing number of small property housing in some areas, some experts have written that small property housing to a certain extent to solve the housing problem of low - and middle-income groups. The government is investigating the issue", "In the 1980s, some farmers engaged in collective land contract in violation of regulations, which greatly increased the grain output, causing high-level attention, and spawned a comprehensive reform of the land use system"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11909, "answer": 0, "text": "Last year Comfort Airlines had twice as many delayed flights as the year before, but the number of complaints from passengers about delayed flights went up three times. It is unlikely that this disproportionate increase in complaints was rooted in an increase in overall dissatisfaction with the service Comfort Airlines provides, since the airline made a special effort to improve other aspects of its service last year.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the disproportionate increase in customer complaints?", "options": ["The average length of a flight delay was greater last year than it was the year before.", "Some of the improvements that Comfort Airlines made in its service were required by new government regulations.", "The average number of passengers per flight was no higher last year than the year before.", "Comfort Airlines had more flights last year than the year before."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6153, "answer": 0, "text": "Both the director and the producer are very complex types of work, and the accumulation of experience is very important. If you haven't experienced the hard work on the set, your ability to execute on the spot will be problematic. Therefore, in some countries where the film industry is mature, after graduating from school, newcomers must first be apprentices in studios, starting with script writing, then going through the assistant director, executive director and other links. After mastering all the skills, they will eventually become a qualified director, then guide and supervise.", "question": "Which of the followings can best summarize the truth contained in this passage?", "options": ["After all, the knowledge and principles obtained from the books are very simple. If you want to truly understand the principles in the books, you must personally verify them.", "Hard work can improve the level of work.", "Genius is 1% talent plus 99% effort.", "Soldiers who don't want to be generals are not good soldiers"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 604, "answer": 0, "text": "Some people may think that the more expensive or new vehicles are, the more likely they are to be stolen. In fact, on the contrary, for experienced car thieves, the old car with a large number of possession is their first choice. In contrast, it is much more difficult to sell new cars and luxury cars than old cars, and it is also easier to attract the attention of the police, Especially cheap and expensive cars are generally out of the sight of thieves. Although cheap cars can easily use the door gap to pick up the door lock and open the door with tools such as screwdriver and iron wire, the residual value is also low. For luxury cars with more than 500000 yuan, security measures are also in place, which is particularly troublesome to steal. They are usually placed in the garage with monitoring system. Moreover, Some models with unique shapes and low commonality of spare parts are relatively safe", "question": "According to the above information, which of the following models is the most vulnerable", "options": ["A three-year-old maiteng worth 160000 yuan", "A eight-year-old Chery QQ worth a value of 20000 yuan ", "A 7-year-old BMW worth 550000 yuan", "A one-year-old convertible worth 180000 yuan "], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6, "answer": 3, "text": "The inflation rate of last year was 1.2%, and it has reached 4% so far this year, so we can conclude that the inflation rate is on the rising trend, and the inflation rate next year will be even higher.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, will seriously weaken the above conclusion?", "options": [" The inflation rate is calculated based on a representative sample of data with economically sensitivity, not based on existing data", " Inflation of last year was the lowest in recent years", " False prosperity caused by rising inflation rate will eventually lead to economic recession", " Financial turmoil of last year caused the inflation rate to be temporarily lower than the average level of 4% in recent years"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12536, "answer": 3, "text": "To qualify as a medical specialist, one must usually graduate from a university, then complete approximately four years of medical school, followed by a residency of two to six years in one' s specialty. Finally, a physician who desires to become a recognized specialist must complete an evaluation program directed by a medical specialty board. Ttherefore, anyone who has qualified as a recognized medical specialist is competent to practice in his or her specialty.", "question": "Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?", "options": ["People who are not highly motivated will not complete the demanding course of study and examination required to become qualified as a recognized medical specialist.", "Only the most talented people will successfully complete the rigorous course of study necessary for qualification as a recognized medical specialist.", "Usually, six to ten years of medical training beyond a university degree is necessary to render someone competent to practice in his or her medical specialty.", "No one incompetent to practice a particular specialty completes the evaluation program for that specialty."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13842, "answer": 2, "text": "Psychiatrist: While the first appearance of a phobia is usually preceded by a traumatizing event, not everyone who is traumatized by an event develops a phobia. Furthermore, many people with phobias have never been traumatized. These two considerations show that traumatizing events do not contribute to the occurrence of phobias.", "question": "The reasoning in the psychiatrist's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument", "options": ["derives a causal connection from mere association when there is no independent evidence of causal connection", "presumes, without providing justification, that some psychological events have no causes that can be established by scientific investigation", "takes for granted that a type of phenomenon contributes to the occurrence of another type of phenomenon only if phenomena of these two types are invariably associated", "builds the conclusion drawn into the support cited for that conclusion"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3592, "answer": 1, "text": "Apparent agency means that the actor has no power of agency, exceeds the power of agency or terminates the power of agency to conclude a contract in the name of the principal, and the counterpart has reason to believe that the actor has the power of agency, the agency is effective.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following is an apparent agency ?", "options": ["A commissioned B to go to factory C to purchase men's wear. B felt that the women's clothing market produced by C was promising, so he made his own decision to order from C in the name of A. C entered into a sales contract with B without asking for its agency authority", "A is a salesperson of enterprise B, carrying a blank contract with the official seal of enterprise B to facilitate signing at any time. Later, A was removed by Enterprise B for receiving kickbacks, but the blank contract was not withdrawn. A uses this contract to sign a purchase and sales agreement with C", "After An accidentally picked up B's passbook, he borrowed his ID card from B and withdrew cash from the bank", "A was originally a staff member of a tax authority. After he resigned, he still went to the market to collect taxes in uniform"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4376, "answer": 3, "text": "Gao Ming must be a master swimmer, because he goes swimming every day.", "question": "Which of the following premises serves as the basis for the above conclusion?", "options": ["All the best swimmers go swimming every day.", "If a person is a good swimmer, he will naturally like to swim and go swimming every day.", "If you don't go swimming every day, Gao Ming may not be a master swimmer.", "Unless you are a good swimmer, people don't go swimming every day."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1468, "answer": 1, "text": "As defined by the World Bank, the Gini coefficient reflects the distribution of income and consumption expenditure among different households. Statistics of most countries in the world is the distribution of income, and income is defined as disposable income after tax, but there are also some national statistics is the distribution of consumer spending, such as India, due to the factor of diminishing marginal propensity to consume, gini coefficient was calculated by the consumer spending will be significantly lower than using the gini coefficient of income, for example, India's gini published in 2005, the world bank The coefficient is 0.33, but it would exceed 0.6 if measured by income. On the other hand, if China's Gini coefficient is calculated using the consumption expenditure method, China's gini coefficient will be only 0.26 in 2000.", "question": "Which of the following is the meaning of text?", "options": ["Problems in India's Gini coefficient calculation", "At present, the difference of gini coefficient calculation index affects the comparability between countries", "It is reasonable to use after-tax income to calculate the Gini coefficient", "China's Gini coefficient is overestimated"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3159, "answer": 3, "text": "A company stipulates that only employees who have worked continuously in the company for more than 20 years or have outstanding achievements can enjoy the special allowance issued by the company. Although Xiao Zhang has only worked in the company for 3 years, he now enjoys the special allowance issued by the company, so he must have made outstanding achievements.", "question": "The reasoning mode of the following options is most similar to the above problem stem:", "options": ["To get good grades, we should study hard and use appropriate methods. Although Wang Yang is diligent, his grades are not very good. After seeing his improper learning methods", "To commit a crime, a criminal must have both motive and time. In a case, suspect a has motive but no time. Therefore, suspect a is not the perpetrator of the case", "If it is not only ineffective but also extravagant and wasteful, an enterprise will suffer serious losses. Although Dapeng company is ineffective, it has not suffered serious losses, which shows that it has at least no extravagance and waste", "The perfection of the legal system or the powerful social control ability of the rulers are essential conditions for maintaining a country's social stability. A country's society is stable, but the legal system is not perfect. Therefore, its rulers must have strong social control ability"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12346, "answer": 2, "text": "Editor: Most of the books of fiction we have published were submitted by literary agents for writers they represented; the rest were received directly from fiction writers from whom we requested submissions. No nonfiction manuscript has been given serious attention, let alone been published, unless it was from a renowned figure or we had requested the manuscript after careful review of the writer' s book proposal.", "question": "Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the editor's statements?", "options": ["Most of the books that the publishing house publishes that are not by renowned authors are books of fiction.", "The publishing house is less likely to give careful consideration to a manuscript that was submitted directly by a writer than one that was submitted by a writer's literary agent.", "Any unrequested manuscripts not submitted by literary agents that the publishing house has published were written by renowned figures.", "Most unrequested manuscripts that the publishing house receives are not given serious attention."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4840, "answer": 2, "text": "Research shows that the current automobile exhaust treatment technology has been much improved than before, and almost all the pollutants in exhaust emissions are below the detection level. However, some environmental protection organizations are still trying to eliminate all cars in the world. They said,everything is because cars, cars pollute the air and damage our lungs.", "question": "Which of the following options, if correct, best explains the actions of environmental groups?", "options": ["The improvement of automobile exhaust treatment technology is the result of the continuous efforts of environmental protection organizations over the years", "According to the air pollution map drawn by the environmental protection department for nearly 30 years, during this period, the mileage of cars increased by 170%, but the degree of air pollution decreased by 54%", "With the increasing global demand for automobiles, automobile manufacturers are constantly producing all kinds of automobiles, and the production process of each automobile will produce a large amount of waste", "According to the data of the automobile testing center, the exhaust gas produced by improperly maintained waste cars contains a large number of pollutants"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7736, "answer": 0, "text": "Recently, some scientists have studied the impact of climate change on human society in history. They found that more than 80% of the world's countries and regions had twice as many wars in cold climates as in warm periods; in China, wars, widespread unrest and dynasty replacement over the past 1000 years mostly corresponded to particularly long cold periods; there was a close link between Europe's Little Ice Age from 1550 to 1850 and witch hunts in European history and even the French Revolution. As a result, they concluded that cooling climate will lead to social conflicts and dynasty replacement.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, would most question the above-mentioned scientist's point of view?", "options": ["Climate change is always happening, social conflicts, and dynasties are always happening. Things that change together do not necessarily have a causal connection", "Climate warming is an important cause of human conflicts and wars. For example, during the temperature increase from 1981 to 2002, the number of civil wars in sub-Saharan African countries increased than usual", "In 2003, due to the warming of the Indian Ocean affecting monsoon activities, precipitation in the Darfur region of Sudan fell sharply, causing severe shortages of food and water resources, and then triggering armed conflicts", "A colder climate is more terrible than a warmer climate. A colder climate means that crop harvests will decline, food and energy supplies will be tight, and people's daily lives will be more severely affected"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2328, "answer": 3, "text": "Astronomical exploration is to reveal the mysteries of the universe, while astrology is busy calculating good or bad luck for a specific person: chemistry reveals that water is made up of molecules, while the concept of so-called small molecular water concocted by manufacturers has become a typical commercial hoax: in the Soviet era, Lysenko genetics, which could not stand strict scrutiny, was so popular for a while. It is the result of Lysenko's attempt to eliminate academic competitors and Soviet authorities' attempt to scientifically prove the triumph of ideology, not that it itself is incomparably correct.", "question": "Which of the following is the text intended to illustrate pseudoscience?", "options": ["Will have a negative or negative impact on the development of Kefa", "Can't stand the rigorous tests that science must accept", "It is very deceiving to show people dressed in science.", "It is utilitarian, and its spread has a special purpose"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8619, "answer": 0, "text": "If the diversity of tree species in a forest is very rich, then the loss of one species at this time will not have much impact on the productivity of the entire forest; but when the species diversity is scarcer, the number of tree species will continue to decrease, which will affect the productivity of the entire forest. The hit to the productivity of the entire forest will be bigger and bigger.", "question": "Which of the following options can be inferred?", "options": ["Forest-wide productivity won't be affected unless tree species diversity plummets", "As long as a forest has fewer tree species, the productivity of the entire forest suffers", "If forest productivity declines, forest tree species diversity is already compromised", "Either the forest is very diverse in tree species, or the forest is very productive"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11034, "answer": 1, "text": "Increasing the electrical load carried on a transmission line increases the line' s temperature, and too great a load will cause the line to exceed its maximum operating temperature. The line' s temperature is also affected by wind speed and direction: Strong winds cool the line more than light winds, and wind blowing across a line cools it more than does wind blowing parallel to it.", "question": "Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the information above?", "options": ["Air temperature has less effect on the temperature of a transmission line than wind speed does.", "The electrical load that a transmission line can carry without reaching its maximum operating temperature increases when the wind speed increases.", "Electrical utility companies typically increase the electrical load on their transmission lines on days on which the wind has a strong cooling effect.", "Transmission lines that run parallel to the prevailing winds can generally carry greater electrical loads than otherwise identical lines at a right angle to the prevailing winds."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8750, "answer": 1, "text": "The raw materials of cement are very cheap, such as limestone and soil that can be found everywhere can be used as raw materials for cement. But the price of cement will be affected by the price of oil, because it consumes a lot of energy to change raw materials into cement in high-temperature furnaces.", "question": "Based on the above judgment, which of the following options is most likely to come to a conclusion?", "options": ["Petroleum is one of the raw materials contained in cement", "Petroleum is the energy source of some high temperature furnaces for making cement", "The price of cement falls with the rise of oil prices", "The higher the price of cement, the higher the price of limestone"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 592, "answer": 1, "text": "Synesthesia also known as shifting consciousness, is to describe objective things , with the language of image and the transfer of feeling, the human hearing, smell, taste, touch and other different feelings of each other to move the conversion, which will originally represent the A feeling of the words used to represent the feeling of B, so that the image is more lively, novel a rhetorical style", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings does not use the synonym", "options": ["Red apricot branches are noisy in spring", "Your eyes are like stars in the sky", "Sound lingered for three days", "Your singing is really sweet"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10682, "answer": 2, "text": "Trancorp currently transports all its goods to Burland Island by truck. The only bridge over the channel separating Burland from the mainland is congested, and trucks typically spend hours in traffic. Trains can reach the channel more quickly than trucks, and freight cars can be transported to Burland by barges that typically cross the channel in an hour. Ttherefore, to reduce shipping time, Trancorp plans to switch to trains and barges to transport goods to Burland.", "question": "Which of the following would be most important to know in determining whether Trancorp's plan, if implemented, is likely to achieve its goal?", "options": ["Whether there are boats that can make the trip between the mainland and Burland faster than barges can", "Whether most trucks transporting goods into Burland return to the mainland empty", "Whether loading the freight cars onto barges is very time consuming", "Whether transportation by train and barge would be substantially less expensive than transportation by truck."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4170, "answer": 0, "text": "Motto: Originally refers to the aphorisms written on the side of the seat to motivate, alert and restrain one's behavior. Later, one or a few aphorisms that are remembered by a person or often remind oneself are also called a motto.", "question": "Based on the above definition, which of the following statements is not suitable for use as a motto?", "options": ["If nature knows, it will perceive the immutable law of prosperity and decline. It is the inevitable law of the development of human society to change, develop and advance constantly.", "A man of lofty ideals should worry before all men, and enjoy himself after all men.", "A word of sympathy and understanding can be a great comfort even in the midst of a cold winter. And an untimely word, like a sword, stab people fragile mind, even in summer June, also feel bursts of cold.", "Fierce-browed, I coolly defy a thousand pointing fingers; headbowed, like a willing ox I serve the people."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2179, "answer": 1, "text": "A.I has been used in medical services for a long time. The performance of the robot doctor looks magical, but in the eyes of A.I experts, these medical applications belong to the category of image recognition in computer vision and the image recognition technology supported by big data has surpassed the performance of human beings in many aspects. It is normal to show strength in the field of medical imaging.", "question": "Which of the following options is intended to be explained in this passage?", "options": ["Progress of A.I in the field of medical image recognition", "A.I has become mature in medical image recognition", "AI 's medical performance has surpassed that of human beings", "A.I will enter the field of medical services in an all-round way"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3183, "answer": 3, "text": "Overlord clause: some operators unilaterally formulate unequal standard contracts, notices, statements, store announcements or industry practices for consumers to evade legal obligations and reduce their own responsibilities.", "question": "Which of the followings is overlord clause?", "options": ["Unemployed youth Wang and other three people forcibly occupied the vegetable parking lot and claimed that they must pay 10 yuan to park.", "Hong, a self-employed man, fiercely threatened Zhao, who also runs the rice wholesale business across the street: if you dare to open the door earlier than me in the future, I'll smash your shop.", "When a shopping mall held a store celebration, it wrote on the electronic billboard: the whole audience is hot, minus 150 when it reaches 400; Please do not crowd and queue up for admission; Children under 1.4m must be accompanied by their parents", "The glass of a clothing store says: the goods sold during the discount period are not refundable"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8889, "answer": 2, "text": "At home, the concept of privatization seems to be the division of state-owned assets. In essence, it is a matter of protecting the ownership of private property. If there is no legal basis for the protection of this right, the state-owned assets can be divided and the divided property can be confiscated at any time.", "question": "If the above is true, which of the followings is most strongly supported?", "options": ["If there is no private property to protect, the law to protect private property is meaningless.", "Even if there are laws to protect private property, it will not help if they cannot be effectively enforced.", "The system of privatization is based on the legal right to own private property.", "Privatization and market liberalization are issues that should be paid attention to in the socialist market economy."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10843, "answer": 3, "text": "Cigarette companies claim that manufacturing both low-and high-nicotine cigarettes allows smokers to choose how much nicotine they want. However, a recent study has shown that the levels of nicotine found in the blood of smokers who smoke one pack of cigarettes per day are identical at the end of a day' s worth of smoking, whatever the level of nicotine in the cigarettes they smoke.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the finding of the nicotine study?", "options": ["Most nicotine is absorbed into the blood of a smoker even if it is delivered in smaller quantities.", "Smokers of the lowest-nicotine cigarettes available generally smoke more cigarettes per day than smokers of high-nicotine cigarettes.", "The level of tar in cigarettes is higher in low-nicotine cigarettes than it is in some high-nicotine cigarettes.", "Blood cannot absorb more nicotine per day than that found in the smoke from a package of the lowest-nicotine cigarettes available."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.