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{"id": 10731, "answer": 1, "text": "Correctly measuring the productivity of service workers is complex. Consider, for example, postal workers: they are often said to be more productive if more letters are delivered per postal worker. But is this really true? What if more letters are lost or delayed per worker at the same time that more are delivered?", "question": "The objection implied above to the productivity measure described is based on doubts about the truth of which of the following statements?", "options": ["The number of letters delivered is relevant to measuring the productivity of postal workers.", "The quality of services rendered can appropriately be ignored in computing productivity.", "The delivery of letters is the primary activity of the postal service.", "Postal workers are representative of service workers in general."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7498, "answer": 2, "text": "Everything that is conducive to the peaceful development of cross-strait relations should be vigorously promoted, and everything that undermines the peaceful development of cross-strait relations must be firmly opposed.", "question": "Based on this, which of the following options can be inferred?", "options": ["Everything that should be vigorously promoted is conducive to the peaceful development of cross-strait relations", "Anything that must be resolutely opposed is something that undermines the peaceful development of cross-strait relations", "Some things that are not conducive to the peaceful development of cross-strait relations should not be vigorously promoted", "Some things that do not undermine the peaceful development of cross-strait relations must be firmly opposed"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3339, "answer": 1, "text": "There are four friends: A, B, C and D. They are musicians, scientists, astronomers and logicians. When they were young, they used to predict the future together. At that time, a predicted that I could not become a scientist anyway. B predicted that C would be a logician in the future. C predicted that D would not become a musician. D predicted that B could not become an astronomer. In fact, Only the logician predicted correctly.", "question": "So, which of the following statements is correct?", "options": ["B is a logician, D is an astronomer, A is a scientist, and C is a musician.", "A is a logician, B is an astronomer, C is a scientist, and D is a musician.", "C is a logician, A is an astronomer, D is a scientist, and B is a musician.", "D is a logician, C is an astronomer, B is a scientist, and A is a musician."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10679, "answer": 3, "text": "Although computers can enhance people's ability to communicate, computer games are a cause of underdeveloped communication skills in children. After-school hours spent playing computer games are hours not spent talking with people. Ttherefore, children who spend all their spare time playing these games have less experience in interpersonal communication than other children have.", "question": "The argument depends on which of the following assumptions?", "options": ["The mental skills developed through playing computer games do not contribute significantly to children's intellectual development.", "Passive activities such as watching television and listening to music do not hinder the development of communication skills in children.", "Formal instruction contributes little or nothing to children's acquisition of communication skills.", "Children who do not spend all of their after-school hours playing computer games spend at least some of that time talking with other people."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1941, "answer": 2, "text": "Sharing economy is an economy in which ownership and use rights are separated. Through Internet technology, it integrates a large number of fragment resources together to maximize the matching of supply and demand in the whole society. On the one hand, a large amount of idle resources in the hands of individuals and enterprises can be fully used through the sharing economy, so as to reduce the waste of resources; on the other hand, the main reason for the existing overcapacity and product backlog is that the production enterprises are unable to understand the demand in time, while the sharing economy can solve the problem of information asymmetry with the help of big data to achieve on-demand production to achieve effective distribution and efficient use of resources. All these can slow down the excessive consumption of resources to some extent, thus reduce the emission of pollutants and effectively reduce the probability of environmental pollution.", "question": "Which of the following options is intended to describe this passage?", "options": ["The way resources are allocated is closely related to environmental problems.", "The sharing economy has changed the way social resources are allocated.", "The sharing economy can effectively relieve the pressure on resources and the environment.", "Controlling environmental pollution depends on the development of sharing economy."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14548, "answer": 1, "text": "A local television station is considering a plan to create a panel of child psychologists to review programs in advance of their airing and rate the level of violence. A program that portrays a high level of violence would be listed in newspapers with four guns after the title. On the other hand, if a show has little violence, one gun would appear after its listing. The station believes that this remedy would forewarn parents about the level of violence in any given program.", "question": "Which one of the following must the television station assume in order to conclude that the plan will meet its stated purpose?", "options": ["There would be fewer shows rated with one gun than with four guns.", "Parents would read and pay attention to the ratings listed in the newspapers.", "The local television station has an obligation to forewarn parents of the level of violence in television shows.", "The rating system described in the passage is the most effective system available."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14832, "answer": 3, "text": "Carpal tunnel syndrome, a nerve disorder that affects the hands and wrists, is often caused by repetitive motions such as typing on a keyboard. A recent study of office workers found that, among those who do similar amounts of typing, workers reporting the least control over their own work had almost three times the risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome as did those who reported the most control.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the study's findings?", "options": ["Among office workers who rarely use keyboards, the rate of carpal tunnel syndrome is much higher for those who feel that they lack control over their own work.", "Office workers who have the most control over their own work tend to perform repetitive motions other than typing more often than do office workers with the least control over their own work.", "The keyboards on which office workers type tend to put typists' arms and hands in positions that promote the development of carpal tunnel syndrome.", "Feeling a lack of control over one's own work tends to put one under emotional stress that makes one more susceptible to nerve disorders."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4978, "answer": 3, "text": "C died of poisoning. For this reason, A and B were interrogated by the judge. A said that if it was murder, it must have been done by B. B says that if it's not suicide, it's murder. The judge made the following assumptions: (1) if neither A nor B lied, then it was an accident. (2) if one of A and B lied, then it was not an accident. The final facts show that the judge's assumption is correct.", "question": "Which one of the following most severely weakens the above argument?", "options": ["C died in an accident", "C is suicide", "C was murdered", "C may be murdered or suicide"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3409, "answer": 2, "text": "Fever is a common symptom in children. There are often such children in clinical practice. Low fever usually lasts for a while after the fever subsides, but the physical signs and laboratory parameters are normal. At the same time, there was no obvious discomfort and the child's mental status was good. Western medicine has no specific treatment. In addition, some patients have fever of unknown cause, which often lasts for 1 ~ 2 months. As a result, these children often seek treatment in traditional Chinese medicine.", "question": "Which of the following options from this text can be inferred?", "options": ["There is no specific treatment for persistent fever in children.", "Western medicine is very useful for children with persistent fever.", "The effect of traditional Chinese medicine on persistent fever in children is better.", "There is a secret formula for treating persistent fever in children with traditional chinese medicine."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8754, "answer": 0, "text": "It is generally believed that advertisers will do whatever it takes to attract customers. But this is not always the case for advertisers. Recently, in order to expand the sales section, a family magazine called Haven has changed its name to purgatory, which mainly features violent and pornographic content. As a result, some perennial advertisers of Harbor magazine refused to renew their contracts and switch to other publications, which shows that these advertisers consider not only economic interests, but also moral responsibilities.", "question": "Which of the following options, if correct, can best weaken the above argument?", "options": ["The violent and pornographic content published in purgatory magazine is more restrained in similar magazines", "Magazines that publish violent and pornographic content usually have high sales but low credibility", "The above-mentioned advertisers who refuse to renew the contract mainly promote household goods", "The advertising fee of the renamed purgatory magazine is many times higher than that before the renaming"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10955, "answer": 3, "text": "In an effort to boost sales during the summer months, which are typically the best for soft-drink sales, Foamy Soda lowered its prices. In spite of this, however, the sales of Foamy Soda dropped during the summer months.", "question": "Each of the following, if true, contributes to reconciling the apparent discrepancy indicated above EXCEPT:", "options": ["Foamy Soda's competitors lowered their prices even more drastically during the summer months.", "The weather during the summer months was unseasonably cool, decreasing the demand for soft drinks.", "The soft-drink industry as a whole experienced depressed sales during the summer months.", "Because of an increase in the price of sweeteners, the production costs of Foamy Soda rose during the summer months."], "type": {}}
{"id": 12107, "answer": 2, "text": "The companies that are the prime purchasers of computer software will not buy a software package if the costs of training staff to use it are high, and we know that it is expensive to teach people a software package that demands the memorization of unfamiliar commands. As a result, to be successful, commercial computer software cannot require users to memorize unfamiliar commands.", "question": "The conclusion above follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?", "options": ["The more difficult it is to learn how to use a piece of software, the more expensive it is to teach a person to use that software.", "If the initial cost of computer software is high, but the cost of training users is low, prime purchasers will still buy that software.", "Commercial computer software will not be successful unless prime purchasers buy it.", "If most prime purchasers of computer software buy a software product, that product will be successful."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12304, "answer": 1, "text": "Shortly after Isaac Newton circulated some of his theories of light in 1672, his colleague Robert Hooke claimed that most of those theories were based on Hooke' s own work. A modern reader might interpret Newton' s famous comment, if I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants, as a conciliatory gesture acknowledging indebtedness to Hooke and other contemporary scientists for some of his theories. Conciliatory gestures acknowledging indebtedness were uncharacteristic of Newton, however, and in his day such allusions to giants typically referred to the ancient Greeks, not to contemporary scientists.", "question": "The statements in the passage, if true, most strongly support which one of the following?", "options": ["Newton did not believe that any of Hooke's theories of light were based on those of the ancient Greeks.", "Newton did not intend the quoted comment to be an acknowledgment that his theories of light were largely derived from Hooke's.", "Newton was not familiar with Hooke's work on the theory of light.", "Newton intended to credit some contemporary scientists other than Hooke for some of the advances that Newton made in the theory of light."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13898, "answer": 2, "text": "Wu: Jurgens is dishonest and so should not be elected mayor. Miller: I disagree with your conclusion. Jurgens should be elected mayor. Honest people usually are not tough enough to run a city.", "question": "Miller's questionable reasoning in which one of the following dialogues is most closely parallel to Miller's questionable reasoning in the dialogue above?", "options": ["Wu: We should not paint the office this shade of yellow. It's too bright. Miller: Yes, we should. Bright colors keep people feeling wide awake.", "Wu: Bailey should not be the company spokesperson. He is too aggressive. Miller: Yes, he should. Aggressive people generally do not get pushed around.", "Wu: We should not go back to that restaurant. The service is too slow. Miller: Yes, we should. Food that is served quickly is often of poor quality.", "Wu: We should not upgrade the software. It's too expensive. Miller: Yes, we should. The best normally costs more."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 244, "answer": 1, "text": "Skilled technique or enough time (more than one month) is regarded as necessary conditions to complete a handicraft. Xiao Zhou only took 25 days to complete a handicraft, which shows that Xiao Zhou has mastered skill.", "question": "Which of the following resembles the most to the above?", "options": ["For a product to sell well in the market, high quality and sufficient advertising are indispensable. There is an electric fan, and experts say that it is of high quality, but the sales are not good, indicating that its advertising is not enough.", "The family economy is bound to be not good with low salary and poor the financial management. Xiao Zhao's salary is not high, but his monthly financial condition is relatively good, indicating that Xiao Zhao is good at financial management.", "Either with an extraordinary performance this year, or with the 30 years of working experience in company, can one receive this year's special allowance. Mr. Huang received this year's special allowance, but he has only worked in the company for 10 years, indicating that Mr. Huang's performance of this year is extraordinary.", "A criminal who commits a crime must have both the motive and the time. In a certain case, Mr. Li has the motive but no time to commit the crime, indicating that Mr. Li is not the perpetrator of the crime."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 275, "answer": 2, "text": "The bullwhip effect is a phenomenon of demand variation and amplification in the supply chain. It means that when the information flow is transmitted from the final client to the original supplier, the sharing of information cannot be effectively realized, which makes the phenomenon of information distortion amplify step by step, leading to greater and greater fluctuations in demand information.", "question": "Which of the followings belongs to the bullwhip effect?", "options": ["During the avian flu epidemic in various places, retailer A heard that vinegar can prevent influenza. He saw this as a good business opportunity, hoarding a large amount of bagged vinegar for high-priced sales in the future.", "When a new product is on the market and the supply exceeds demand, retailer A temporarily increases the order quantity to wholesaler B according to the sales of the product, and B places an order with the merchandise sales center according to the order quantity submitted by different retailers.", "Retailer A estimates an order quantity based on the sales volume of the previous month. In order to ensure that the order quantity is available in time, he submits the order to wholesaler B after slightly increasing the order quantity. And B places an order from a merchandise sales center for the same consideration.", "A merchandise sales center has increased its efforts to put the merchandise on the market based on market trends and monthly sales, and more and more retailers have chosen the merchandise."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9099, "answer": 2, "text": "In the years after the implementation of the three-guarantee law in the United States, car companies suffered huge losses by paying refunds to returns. Therefore, before the implementation of the liability regulations for repair, replacement and return of Household Automobile products (referred to as the three-guarantee Law) in 2014, people in the industry predicted that the three-guarantee law would have a great impact on automobile manufacturers. However, over the past year since the implementation of the three-guarantee law, the reporter's survey of a number of 4S stores in Beijing, Sichuan and other places shows that the case of returning and changing cars according to the three-guarantee law is zero.", "question": "Which of the following options, if true, best explains the above anomaly?", "options": ["After the three guarantees law has been implemented one year, only 7% of consumers know about the rights and interests of the three-package before buying a car.", "Most car dealers do not introduce the rights and interests of the three guarantees to consumers as required by the regulations.", "The key provisions of the three-guarantee law to protect the interests of car owners are lack of maneuverability, which makes it difficult to return and replace the car successfully.", "In order to avoid the punishment of the law, automobile manufacturers and dealers have improved the quality of service in maintenance."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11799, "answer": 2, "text": "Loggerhead turtles live and breed in distinct groups, of which some are in the Pacific Ocean and some are in the Atlantic. New evidence suggests that juvenile Pacific loggerheads that feed near the Baja peninsula hatch in Japanese waters 10, 000 kilometers away. Ninety-five percent of the DNA samples taken from the Baja turtles match those taken from turtles at the Japanese nesting sites.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the reasoning above?", "options": ["The distance between nesting sites and feeding sites of Atlantic loggerhead turtles is less than 5, 000 kilometers.", "Commercial aquariums have been successfully breeding Atlantic loggerheads with Pacific loggerheads for the last five years.", "Ninety-five percent of the DNA samples taken from the Baja turtles match those taken from Atlantic loggerhead turtles.", "Loggerhead hatchlings in Japanese waters have been declining in number for the last decade while the number of nesting sites near the Baja peninsula has remained constant."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13953, "answer": 3, "text": "Moralist: TV talk shows are contributing to the moral decline in our country. By constantly being shown the least moral people in our society, viewers begin to think that such people are the norm, and that there is something wrong with being morally upright. TV talk show host: Well, if there is such a decline, it' s not because of TV talk shows: we simply show people what they want to see. What can be wrong with letting the viewers decide? Furthermore, if restrictions were put on my show, that would amount to censorship, which is wrong.", "question": "The moralist's and the TV talk show host's statements provide the most support for holding that they disagree about whether", "options": ["TV talk shows should be censored", "people's moral standards have changed", "it is wrong not to let the viewers decide what they want to see", "TV talk shows, by presenting immoral guests, are causing a moral decline"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7672, "answer": 0, "text": "Spinach is available all year round, but spring is the best season. Its root is red and leaf is green, fresh and tender abnormal. It is very delicious. The spinach that comes on sale in spring is very helpful to detoxify and prevent dryness. Chinese medicine that spinach sweet taste and is cool. It can nourish blood, stop bleeding, astringe Yin and moisten dryness. Spinach contains oxalate acid more, hinder the absorption of calcium and iron, so eat spinach with boiling water first, remove and then stir-fry.", "question": "Which of the following judgments, if true, best supports the above argument?", "options": ["Oxalic acid dissolves easily in boiling water.", "Add a little white wine to stir-fry spinach, which can reduce the astringency of oxalic acid taste and increase a fragrance.", "Eating food containing more oxalic acid, oxalic acid in urine significantly increased, the risk of urinary stones may increase.", "Spinach tastes better in the spring than in the winter."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5620, "answer": 1, "text": "Kidov theorem: it means that if the best idea is put forward at the wrong time, it will also lead to failure, that is, whether a decision is correct or not can not leave the specific place, time and conditions. If it is separated from these basic preconditions, the truth may become a fallacy", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings does not accord with the kidov theorem?", "options": ["The former president of company A said to his successor: you should not make any decision until you have obtained all the facts", "Many manufacturers have signed up to participate in the machine tool Expo held in a city, and the manager of machine tool plant B clearly refused to participate when he received the invitation", "In the 1980s, a serious oil crisis broke out in the world. The chairman of C automobile company seized this opportunity and made a decision on automobile transformation", "In recent years, many water heater plants have invested too much in advertising, resulting in sluggish price rise. Company D, which is in the leading position in the industry, immediately adopted the price reduction policy"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3323, "answer": 2, "text": "According to medical records, the global incidence of cancer in the second half of the 20th century than the first half of the increase of nearly 10 times, become a threat to human life of the first killer. This shows that the global ecological imbalance caused by the rapid economic development marked by high technology in the second half of the 20th century is an important cause of cancer.", "question": "The following items, if true, can weaken the above argument, except?", "options": ["The average life span of human beings was about 30 years old at the beginning of the 20th century, 40 years old in the middle of the 20th century, and about 65 years old at present. The average life span of developed countries with high incidence of cancer generally exceeds 70 years old", "In the first half of the 20th century, mankind experienced two world wars, in which a large number of young people died. In the second half of the 20th century, the world was basically in a period of peaceful development", "High technology has greatly improved the accuracy of medical diagnosis and the coverage of such accurate medical diagnosis in the world", "High technology has greatly improved the human ability to prevent and treat cancer, effectively prolonging the life time of cancer patients"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12418, "answer": 1, "text": "Twenty years ago the Republic of Rosinia produced nearly 100 million tons of potatoes, but last year the harvest barely reached 60 million tons. Agricultural researchers, who have failed to develop new higher-yielding strains of potatoes, are to blame for this decrease, since they have been concerned only with their own research and not with the needs of Rosinia.", "question": "Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?", "options": ["Agricultural researchers often find concrete solutions to practical problems when investigating seemingly unrelated questions.", "Strains of potatoes most commonly grown in Rosinia could not have produced the yields last year that they once did.", "Agricultural research in Rosinia is funded by government grants.", "Wide fluctuations in the size of the potato crop over a twenty-year period are not unusual."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 37, "answer": 3, "text": "A researcher found that low-immunity persons score lower in mental health tests than high-immunity persons. The researcher's conclusion is that the immune system can not only defend against physical diseases, but also against mental diseases.", "question": "In fact, this causal connection is invalid. Which of the following challenges most towards it?", "options": [" The researcher's theoretical research and the experiment conducted are inconsistent in time", " The human immune system is closely related to mental health", " Some high-immunity persons score differently from those normal-immunity persons in psychological tests", " Generally speaking, intense stress first causes mental illness first and then reduces the activity level of the immune system"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11091, "answer": 3, "text": "The five senses have traditionally been viewed as distinct yet complementary. Each sense is thought to have its own range of stimuli that are incapable of stimulating the other senses. However, recent research has discovered that some people taste a banana and claim that they are tasting blue, or see a color and say that it has a specific smell. This shows that such people, called synesthesiacs, have senses that do not respect the usual boundaries between the five recognized senses.", "question": "Which one of the following statements, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?", "options": ["Recent evidence strongly suggests that there are other senses besides sight, touch, smell, hearing, and taste.", "Synesthesiacs can be temporarily rid of their synesthetic experiences by the use of drugs.", "The particular ways in which sensory experiences overlap in synesthesiacs follow a definite pattern.", "Synesthesiacs demonstrate a general, systematic impairment in their ability to use and understand words."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14868, "answer": 1, "text": "The First Amendment prevents the government from violating a person' s right to free speech. But it does not protect government employees from disciplinary action for all statements they make in the course of their official duties. However, laws should protect them in cases in which employees bring to light information that advances the public interest in honest government and the rule of law.", "question": "Which of the following would provide the best example for the argument above?", "options": ["A prominent plastic surgeon loses her license after an employee sues her for malpractice after she operates on him.", "A Congressional aide reveals cases of bribery in the House of Representatives.", "An energy company's stock plunges after an employee publicizes its accounting records.", "A movie star loses popularity because a studio employee tells a magazine about the star's troubled personal life."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8073, "answer": 3, "text": "Compared with offline teaching, due to the difference in time and space, online teaching relies more on the guidance and help of teachers, and has a greater demand for resources. However, in the era of knowledge economy, teachers have long ceased to be knowledge monopolies, and individuals in the network society may become both knowledge consumers and producers. Therefore, to promote the participation of social forces in the supply of online education resources, it is necessary to change the traditional education pattern of schools going alone, and to accept the online education services of enterprises with an open attitude. For example, schools can appropriately take the form of outsourcing, purchase online course services from educational institutions and enterprises that have passed the qualification review, and provide dual-engine-driven teaching services of intelligence + real people. In addition, the two sides can strengthen collaborative innovation in resource support, learning situation monitoring, evaluation feedback, etc., to promote the healthy development of online education.", "question": "Which of the followings is the text intended to illustrate?", "options": ["Intelligence + real people is the development trend of educational services", "The source of educational resource supply is no longer limited to the school", "Online education will become the norm in the era of sharing economy", "The healthy development of online education requires the introduction of social forces"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 15162, "answer": 0, "text": "Kendrick: Governments that try to prevent cigarettes from being advertised are justified in doing so, since such advertisements encourage people to engage in an unhealthy practice. But cigarette advertisements should remain legal since advertisements for fatty foods are legal, even though those advertisements also encourage people to engage in unhealthy practices.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent conflict between Kendrick's statements?", "options": ["Governments should try to prevent the advertisement of cigarettes by means of financial disincentives rather than by legal prohibition.", "The advertisement of fattening foods, unlike that of cigarettes, should not be prevented, because fattening foods, unlike cigarettes, are not addictive.", "Any advertisement that encourages people to engage in an unhealthy practice should be made illegal, even though the legality of some such advertisements is currently uncontroversial.", "Governments should place restrictions on cigarette advertisements so as to keep them from encouraging people to engage in unhealthy practices, but should not try to prevent such advertisements."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3137, "answer": 2, "text": "Commission: refers to the legal income obtained by brokers, agents and other intermediaries from introducing transactions.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is commissions:", "options": ["A dealer operates famous wine and obtains the difference of 2 yuan between the factory price and the wholesale price of each bottle of wine", "Xiao Qian is an employee of a futures company. The company pays him 2000 yuan a month", "A supermarket sells cigarettes for an enterprise, and the enterprise pays 10% of the turnover of the supermarket", "According to Wang, director of the Municipal Construction Bureau, the contractor Tian contracted a building. In return, Tian sent 50000 yuan to Wang to express his gratitude"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1347, "answer": 1, "text": "Money maples, alias double whorl, is a plant of the genus Acer in the Aceraceae family. It grows on the edge of the forest or in the sparse forest at an altitude of 1000 to 2000 meters, and can be as high as 15 meters. It is endemic to China. Its leaves are opposite, odd-pinnate compound leaves; early summer white flowers, monoecious, panicles; fruit divided into two nutlets, each with wide wings, shaped like money. Due to the deforestation of trees, the adult plants of Acer mongolica are extremely rare, coupled with the weak ability of natural regeneration, it is difficult to grow young trees, which need to be protected like giant pandas.", "question": "Which of the following is the most appropriate summary of the main idea of the passage?", "options": ["Money maples cherish like giant pandas", "There is an urgent need to strengthen the protection of money maple", "Environmental damage leads to the scarcity of money maple", "The lack of natural regeneration ability leads to the scarcity of money maple"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8036, "answer": 0, "text": "There are 40-500 milligrams of theobromine per 100 grams of chocolate. Theobromine stimulates smooth muscle and accelerates nerve conduction. But unlike caffeine, theobromine has almost no effect on the central nervous system. Every 100 grams of chocolate contains 70 milligrams of caffeine. The role of caffeine is to increase alertness, promote supernormal performance, improve observation, resist fatigue and improve the efficiency of mental activity. Chocolate also contains amphetamine. It also has a refreshing effect and can stimulate the secretion of norepinephrine in the hypothalamus.", "question": "Which of the following options is the main content of this passage?", "options": ["Chocolate has the effect of promoting nerve excitement.", "Chocolate and coffee have different effects on the human body.", "Theobromine is more beneficial to the human body than caffeine.", "Caffeine has an effect on the central nervous system of the body."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7817, "answer": 2, "text": "Weather refers to the combination of meteorological elements (such as temperature, humidity, etc.) and weather phenomena (such as clouds, fog, etc.) in the atmosphere of a certain area at a certain instant or over a certain period of time.", "question": "Which of the following does not belong to the weather?", "options": ["Tomorrow Nanjing will be cloudy with a maximum temperature of 2 degree and a minimum temperature of 0 degree.", "It's snowing outside.", "There are many foggy days this winter.", "It was frost yesterday."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8985, "answer": 3, "text": "A new medical technology can be used clinically only if it is effective and safe. In 1998, American scientists successfully made human embryonic stem cells grow and proliferate in vitro. if this stem cell technology is combined with cloning technology, the necessary tissue cells can be cultured from patients' somatic cells to replace patients' damaged cells. to treat a variety of difficult diseases, this is the so-called therapeutic cloning. But now therapeutic cloning is still a long way from clinical use.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, will give the above conclusion the strongest support?", "options": ["Because therapeutic cloning involves the destruction of early human embryos, it has aroused strong opposition from the Roman Church and the governments of the United States, France, Germany and other countries", "So far, it is quite difficult to obtain human embryonic stem cells", "Hwang Woo-suk, a South Korean scholar, has promised to repair stem cells for a child paralyzed by a car accident, but all of his stem cell research results are fake", "At present, scientists are far from understanding the mechanism by which human embryonic stem cells differentiate into various cells and how to prevent them from turning into cancer cells"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7996, "answer": 1, "text": "Behavioral science research shows that relationships at work are usually less complex and more relaxed. It may be because this interpersonal relationship is more regular, more predictable, and therefore easier to coordinate. Because people know that they have to work together and cooperate with each other every day in order to get some work done.", "question": "Which of the following is the main emphasis of this passage?", "options": ["Ordinary interpersonal relationships lack regularity", "The relationship between the staff is relatively simple", "The common goal keeps the staff united", "Maintaining good interpersonal relationships requires joint efforts"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12102, "answer": 0, "text": "All of John' s friends say they know someone who has smoked 40 cigarettes a day for the past 40 years and yet who is really fit and well. John does not know anyone like that and it is quite certain that he is not unique among his friends in this respect.", "question": "If the statements in the passage are true, then which one of the following must also be true?", "options": ["Some of John's friends are not telling the truth.", "Most of John's friends are not telling the truth.", "Smokers often lie about how much they smoke.", "All John's friends know the same lifelong heavy smoker."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4477, "answer": 2, "text": "Cold chain refers to a special supply chain system in which perishable food is always in the low temperature environment necessary for products in all links of product processing, storage, transportation, distribution and retail after being purchased or fished from the origin, so as to ensure food quality and safety, reduce loss and prevent pollution.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is cold chains?", "options": ["In order to maintain the efficacy of the vaccine, it is placed in a special low-temperature system when transported to use", "In order to save energy, the refrigerator selling popsicles in the canteen of the campus supermarket stops for one hour every five hours", "For fresh-keeping businesses, refrigerated trucks are used to transport fresh seafood to the refrigeration rooms of various shopping malls", "A factory uses low-temperature deep extraction technology to turn oranges into orange juice for convenient preservation at room temperature"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1335, "answer": 1, "text": "It is found that the organic carbon, elemental carbon, l-glucan, galactan, mannan, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid and dehydrogenated rosin acid in Lumbini area show high values in autumn and the lowest in summer. The content of l-glucan in this area is similar to that in areas seriously affected by biomass combustion in South Asia. It shows that biomass combustion has an important impact on the atmospheric environment in Lumbini area. There is a significant correlation between organic carbon, elemental carbon and l-glucan in Lumbini atmospheric aerosols. It shows that biomass combustion is the main source of high concentration carbon components in this area. The results of the ratio of l-glucan / mannan and vanillic acid / syringic acid show that the types of biomass combustion in this area are mainly the combustion of crop residues and hardwood.", "question": "According to the above words, which of the following statements is correct?", "options": ["There are many crop residues and hardwoods in Lumbini area.", "Biomass combustion increases carbon concentration in Lumbini area.", "Biomass combustion is deteriorating the atmospheric environment in Lumbini area.", "The atmospheric environmental quality in Lumbini area is good in autumn and poor in summer."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9480, "answer": 2, "text": "Heat conduction is a heat transfer phenomenon when there is no macroscopic motion in the medium, which can occur in solids, liquids and gases, but strictly speaking, only in solids is pure heat conduction, in fluids (generally refers to liquids and gases) In another case, even if the fluid is in a static state, natural convection will occur due to the density difference caused by the temperature gradient, so thermal convection and heat conduction may occur simultaneously in the fluid.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options does not have heat conduction phenomenon is?", "options": ["The high temperature water in the upper layer of the ocean and the low temperature water in the lower layer are exchanged due to the temperature difference", "One end of the iron rod is placed in hot water, and the temperature of the other end increases", "The sun shines, causing the earth's surface temperature to rise", "Add cold water to hot water, the hot water becomes lukewarm"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 35, "answer": 1, "text": "Four classmates make a promise. If both A and B choose to work for company, D chooses to work for government. Only A chooses to work for company, does C choose to work for company. The final result is that both B and D have entered the company, and the four all fulfilled the promise", "question": "And to be sure:", "options": [" Only C did not choose to work for company", " Neither A nor C chose to work for company", " All four have chosen to work for company", " Only A did not choose to work for company"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 871, "answer": 3, "text": "According to the different effects of the ability compensation method on the overall effect of the ability system, the mutual compensation between abilities can be divided into two types: unbalanced compensation and balanced compensation. Unbalanced compensation refers to the use of superior abilities to compensate for weak abilities, thereby strengthening the overall ability. Balanced compensation refers to the way to strengthen the overall ability by improving the weak ability.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is unbalanced compensation?", "options": ["When Xiao Zhang first came to the car repair shop, he only knew a little about the technology of repairing the engine. Later, under the leadership of the master, he studied diligently and finally mastered the technology.", "Wang Ming and a few classmates formed a band. In order to cultivate mutual understanding and better cooperation with each other, they often rehearse in their spare time.", "Xiao Li often browses entertainment news on the Internet. Over time, she knows all kinds of entertainment news.", "The No. 5 player of the volleyball team is characterized by strong offense and blocking, but is weak in defense and first pass. The coach arranges him to defend in the first position, and uses the front row to block the straight line to cover his shortcomings."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10606, "answer": 2, "text": "Certain instruments used in veterinary surgery can be made either of stainless steel or of nylon. In a study of such instruments, 50 complete sterilizations of a set of nylon instruments required 3. 4 times the amount of energy used to manufacture that set of instruments, whereas 50 complete sterilizations of a set of stainless steel instruments required 2. 1 times the amount of energy required to manufacture that set of instruments.", "question": "If the statements above are true, each of the following could be true EXCEPT:", "options": ["The 50 complete sterilizations of the nylon instruments used more energy than did the 50 complete sterilizations of the stainless steel instruments.", "The total cost of 50 complete sterilizations of the stainless steel instruments was greater than the cost of manufacturing the stainless steel instruments.", "More energy was required for each complete sterilization of the nylon instruments than was required to manufacture the nylon instruments.", "More energy was used to produce the stainless steel instruments than was used to produce the nylon instruments."], "type": {"Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7381, "answer": 2, "text": "Mind refers to people's precipitation and storage of known things, through biological reaction (brain information processing) and the realization of a desire to need the sum of a kind of ability.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following is mind?", "options": ["The first cry of a baby", "Xiao Xu's pet dog Lingling barked incessantly when she saw a stranger coming into the house", "Min has just learned to walk. When she saw the cat, she was so frightened that she cried and kept calling for her mother", "Every time panda trainer Xiao Xu's three cubs hear the bell, their mouths water"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14320, "answer": 3, "text": "A soccer league is divided into a junior and a senior division, separated not by age but by a player's skill level. This year, to determine the division for which an aspirant is best qualified, the league held a week-long trial, after which coach A and coach B selected players. Coach A nominated sixteen of the forty players for the senior league. Amongst Coach B's nominations for the senior division were four players not nominated by Coach A. Ttherefore, there will be twenty players in the senior division.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest basis for the conclusion above to be warranted?", "options": ["Of the sixteen players nominated by the coach A, coach B nominated more than half to play in the senior division.", "The four players that Coach B but not Coach A selected for the senior division played the previous year in that division.", "Of those chosen by both coaches to play in the senior division all will end up playing in the senior league.", "To be selected for the senior division, a player need only be nominated by one of the two coaches."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13791, "answer": 0, "text": "Classical Roman architecture is beautiful, primarily because of its use of rounded arches and its symmetry. Postmodern architecture is dramatic, primarily because of its creative use both of materials and of the surrounding environment. An architectural style that combines elements of both classical Roman and postmodern architecture would ttherefore be both beautiful and dramatic.", "question": "The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that it", "options": ["neglects to consider that an architectural style combining elements of two other architectural styles may lack certain qualities of one or both of those styles", "fails to justify its presumption that because postmodern architecture is dramatic, that is its most salient feature", "presumes, without providing justification, that for an architectural style to have certain qualities, its components must have those qualities", "ignores the possibility that there are other architectural styles whose defining qualities include both drama and beauty"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5677, "answer": 3, "text": "Buddhist temples in China are distributed all over the country. Puji temple is a Buddhist temple in China, so Puji temple is distributed all over China.", "question": "Which of the logical errors made in the following options is most similar to the above reasoning:", "options": ["Children whose parents drink too much love adventure, and Xiaohua loves adventure, so Xiaohua's parents drink too much", "Civilized citizens are law-abiding. Some college students are law-abiding, so some college students are civilized citizens", "Poor students have fewer opportunities to go to college. College student Xiaofei is not a poor student, so Xiaofei's opportunities to go to college will not be reduced", "Today's only child is spoiled and spoiled, not to mention that he is still the only child of three generations"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12366, "answer": 0, "text": "Technology is radically improving the quality of life in some communities, and not only by direct application of innovations. After all, the design, production, testing, and marketing of new technology has itself become a growing industry that is turning around the fortunes of once-ailing communities. The companies involved create jobs, add to the tax base, and contribute to an upbeat spirit of renewal.", "question": "Which one of the following most accurately expresses the conclusion drawn by the argument as a whole?", "options": ["The direct application of innovations is not the only way in which technology is radically improving the quality of life in some communities.", "The only ways in which technology is radically improving the quality of life in some communities are by creating jobs, adding to the tax base, and contributing to an upbeat spirit of renewal.", "Companies involved in the design, production, testing, and marketing of new technology create jobs, add to the tax base, and contribute to an upbeat spirit of renewal.", "Either the creation or the direct application of technological innovations is radically improving the quality of life in most communities."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3643, "answer": 3, "text": "The spread of rumors refers to the informal dissemination of incorrect facts, which deliberately exaggerates, exaggerates, distorts, or simply creates something out of nothing.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following belongs to the spread of rumors?", "options": ["A TV station received a letter from the masses to reflect the local barbaric demolition, so it sent two reporters to the scene to cover the news and broadcast it on the TV station", "Qin, Education Committee of Pengshui County, Chongqing City, suddenly wanted to write a poem. Against the background of several sensational social events in the county, he filled in the word Qinyuan Spring Pengshui and sent it to several friends by SMS", "A party to a case made public the case on a website because he was dissatisfied with the decision of the local court", "On the Baidu website, a netizen posted a post saying that the earthquake was man-made and related to the United States"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3457, "answer": 3, "text": "The new socket products of a brand include lightning protection parts, which can ensure that the connected electrical appliances will not be damaged after lightning strikes. It was proposed that such parts should be installed in all socket products of the brand as standard accessories; Others believe that this will increase the product cost and reduce its price competitive advantage in the industry. Moreover, the domestic industry standard does not require the product to add lightning protection parts, so it is not necessary to install lightning protection parts.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, weakens the above objection most?", "options": ["More and more sockets of other brands also began to add lightning protection components", "The survey shows that most consumers are not worried about lightning strikes on their circuits", "In the known cases of lightning strikes on household appliances, the household appliances using the new socket were not damaged", "In the forthcoming national standard, it is mandatory that all socket products include lightning protection components"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4324, "answer": 3, "text": "Subrogation refers to the system in which the descendants of the deceased children of the deceased inherit their share of the inheritance when the children of the deceased die before the deceased.", "question": "According to the definition, which of the following is subrogation inheritance?", "options": ["Heir A was suddenly killed in a car accident while inheriting his father's estate, and the property was inherited by A's son B", "A dies before his brother B, and A's son C inherits B's property on behalf of his father", "A and B are husband and wife. In an accident, A and B died one after another, and his son C inherited the property of the two", "A, B is a father and son. In an accident, B was presumed to have died before his father A, and B's son inherited A's estate"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1965, "answer": 0, "text": "In recent years, Guangzhou's economy is undergoing a profound transformation. Prior to this, Guangzhou, as an important global trade center, gathered more of the global flow of goods and people. The construction of a hub network city in Guangzhou is aimed at bringing together more important capital and intellectual (technical) elements to form a global hub for the allocation of high-end elements. At the same time, the industrial structure of Guangzhou is also accelerated to optimize. On the basis of the original automobile, daily chemical and other advantageous industries, the terminal industry and high-end industry, which represent the future industrial direction, are being introduced into Guangzhou and realizing cluster development, thus making up for the industrial deficiency that has existed for a long time in this city.", "question": "Which of the following options is the most suitable for the title of this paragraph?", "options": ["Guangzhou's self-change conforming to the general trend of global industry.", "The future development trend of Guangzhou Industrial system.", "Construction of future economic system in Guangzhou.", "Strategic plan for future economic development of Guangzhou."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2730, "answer": 1, "text": "Professor Zhang: the prehistoric essential tools found in South America existed 13,000 years ago. Some archaeologists believe that these tools were used by people whose ancestors migrated from Siberia to Alaska. This view is untenable. In order to reach South America, these people had to trek 13, 000 years ago, and 13, 000-year-old wooden tools were never found between Alaska and South America. Researcher Li: I'm afraid you've overlooked: these wooden tools are found in peat bogs, which are rarely found in North America. Wooden tools rot and dissolve in ordinary soil within a few years.", "question": "Which of the following most accurately summarizes the problems discussed by Professor Zhang and researcher Li?", "options": ["Were the above prehistoric wooden tools used by people whose ancestors migrated from Siberia to Alaska?", "Can Professor Zhang's argument overturn the above-mentioned archaeologist's conclusion?", "Is it possible for these people to complete the long journey from Alaska to South America by 13,000 years ago?", "Whether the above wooden tools will not rot and dissolve only in peat swamps."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12587, "answer": 0, "text": "A new law gives ownership of patents-documents providing exclusive right to make and sell an invention-to universities, not the government, when those patents result from government-sponsored university research. Administrators at Logos University plan to sell any patents they acquire to corporations in order to fund programs to improve undergraduate teaching.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, would cast the most doubt on the viability of the college administrators' plan described above?", "options": ["Government-sponsored research conducted at Logos University for the most part duplicates research already completed by several profit-making corporations.", "Profit-making corporations interested in developing products based on patents held by universities are likely to try to serve as exclusive sponsors of ongoing university research projects.", "Logos University is unlikely to attract corporate sponsorship of its scientific research.", "Research scientists at Logos University have few or no teaching responsibilities and participate little if at all in the undergraduate programs in their field."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5270, "answer": 0, "text": "Recently, researchers have discovered the first type of gene mutation that helps fight Alzheimer's disease. People who carry this type of gene mutation have a greatly reduced risk of developing dementia symptoms after entering old age. Researchers conducted health surveys and gene sequencing on 1795 study subjects. Later, it was discovered that the gene that affects Alzheimer's disease, the amyloid precursor protein gene, has different types of mutations, and some people who carry one of these types of mutations are relatively less likely to develop Alzheimer's disease. The researchers explained that Alzheimer's disease The cause of the disease is the accumulation of beta-amyloid protein in the brain. This is caused by beta-amyloid precursor protein lyase 1 cutting large pieces of protein into small pieces. This mutation in the amyloid precursor protein gene Type can limit the function of beta amyloid precursor protein lyase 1, thereby reducing the risk of Alzheimer's disease.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, can support the researchers' conclusion?", "options": ["Restrict the function of beta-amyloid precursor protein lyase 1, which can inhibit beta-amyloid protein accumulation", "Studies have found that people with active beta-amyloid precursor protein lyase 1 have a greatly increased proportion of people with Alzheimer's disease", "Researchers found that people with amyloid precursor protein gene variants live relatively longer, and the chances of living to 85 are 50% higher than others", "In terms of the chances of living to 85 years of age without severe cognitive decline, memory loss and other symptoms, people with amyloid precursor protein gene mutations are 7.5 times higher than others"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10881, "answer": 0, "text": "The folktale that claims that a rattlesnake' s age can be determined from the number of sections in its rattle is false, but only because the rattles are brittle and sometimes partially or completely break off. So if they were not so brittle, one could reliably determine a rattlesnake' s age simply from the number of sections in its rattle, because one new section is formed each time a rattlesnake molts.", "question": "Which one of the following is an assumption the argument requires in order for its conclusion to be properly drawn?", "options": ["Rattlesnakes molt as often when food is scarce as they do when food is plentiful.", "Rattlesnakes molt more frequently when young than when old.", "Rattlesnakes molt exactly once a year.", "The rattles of rattlesnakes of different species are identical in appearance."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13649, "answer": 2, "text": "Nearly all mail that is correctly addressed arrives at its destination within two business days of being sent. In fact, correctly addressed mail takes longer than this only when it is damaged in transit. Overall, however, most mail arrives three business days or more after being sent.", "question": "If the statements above are true, which one of the following must be true?", "options": ["More mail arrives within two business days of being sent than arrives between two and three business days after being sent.", "A large proportion of the mail that is correctly addressed is damaged in transit.", "A large proportion of mail is incorrectly addressed.", "Most mail that arrives within two business days of being sent is correctly addressed."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2944, "answer": 0, "text": "There is a cross relationship between concept A and concept B if and only if (1) the existing object belongs to both A and B; (2) The existing object belongs to A but not to B; (3) The existing object belongs to B but not A.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options is the cross relationship between the two concepts of adding points?", "options": ["According to the subject matter, paintings mainly include figure painting, flower and bird painting, landscape painting, etc; According to techniques, there are mainly meticulous painting and freehand painting", "In addition to being a strong contender for the best film, inception will also win some technical awards", "In order to improve the food, the 30-year-old general manager of the canteen of Luoyi primary school put several opinion books in the canteen to solicit the students' opinions", "Chlorine is released when bleach is added to the microwave cleaner"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5351, "answer": 2, "text": "Social responsibility is the responsibility or obligation of citizens, enterprises and various organizations to the public interest of the country or society. Social responsibility means that the actors have certain responsibilities to the society. People are the animals of the society. Only in the society can the true nature of people be reflected.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is a civil social responsibility?", "options": ["Civil obligations other than those stipulated by the Constitution and laws.", "Citizen's non-moral responsibility.", "Patriotism and law-abiding, courtesy and integrity, dedication and dedication.", "Some job responsibilities that should be done in the workplace."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2595, "answer": 0, "text": "Mutual respect is the basis of mutual understanding, and mutual understanding is the premise of mutual trust. In the interaction between people, self-respect and self-confidence are also very important. No one respects people who have no self-respect. No one trusts anyone he doesn't respect.", "question": "Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above statement?", "options": ["People who do not respect themselves are not trusted by anyone", "Mutual trust leads to mutual respect", "People who are not confident do not respect themselves", "People who are not confident are not trusted by anyone"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1946, "answer": 2, "text": "Once a country ascends the ladder of development, the demands of its citizens will increase. At this time, it is not enough for the government to guarantee an increase in revenue, the government must change its concept from material-based to regulation-based. According to the study of Asia-Pacific countries, it is found that people's satisfaction with the public services they receive, such as education, health care and public safety, plays an important role in their evaluation of government performance. In recent years, Asian countries pay more and more attention to public service satisfaction and have formed some characteristic practices.", "question": "Which of the following is the most likely content about Asian countries in this passage?", "options": ["The reasons for attaching importance to the satisfaction of public service.", "Data on citizens' satisfaction with public services.", "Innovative ways to improve the satisfaction of public services.", "The proportion of public service satisfaction in government performance."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1322, "answer": 0, "text": "The high housing prices in the first-tier cities and the pursuit of the quality of life of the post-90s young people have given birth to the rise of rental apartments. Rental apartments cater to the consumption concept of young people, and rental has changed from a last resort to a way of enjoying life. According to the survey, although owning their own housing is still the rigid demand of the post-90s, only 30% of them are willing to reduce the quality of life in order to buy a house. Another 56% of the post-90s are unwilling to buy a house because too heavy housing loans will reduce the quality of life. From this point of view, these post-90s who pay more attention to personal value may become the generation who don't buy a house.", "question": "Which of the following is intended to be emphasized?", "options": ["Many post-90s are unwilling to reduce their quality of life in order to buy a house.", "The demand of post-90s young people to buy houses in the future is very strong.", "Renting is a more acceptable way of living for most people.", "High house prices in cities affect the purchase intention of most young people."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5831, "answer": 3, "text": "In China, the mid-autumn Festival is one of the five traditional festivals. Its core cultural connotation is: I Wish Social Harmony and progress and family reunion happiness. But unfortunately, now the commercialization of the mid-autumn Festival has evolved into a Moon cake festival, the larger the moon cake, the less cultural significance.", "question": "Which of the following is the most likely view to be supported by this text?", "options": ["Traditional culture can not be used as an economic resource.", "We should excavate and innovate the connotation of traditional culture and carry forward the excellent national culture.", "We should make full use of the huge business opportunities contained in traditional festivals.", "The main purpose of commercial activities should be to inherit national culture."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13051, "answer": 3, "text": "Policy Adviser: Freedom of speech is not only a basic human right; it is also the only rational policy for this government to adopt. When ideas are openly aired, good ideas flourish, silly proposals are easily recognized as such, and dangerous ideas can be responded to by rational argument. Nothing is ever gained by forcing citizens to disseminate their thoughts in secret.", "question": "The policy adviser's method of persuasion, in recommending a policy of free speech to the government, is best described by which one of the following?", "options": ["a warning about the difficulty of suppressing the truth", "a circular justification of the idea of free speech as an idea that flourishes when free speech is allowed", "advocating respect for basic rights of citizens for its own sake", "a coupling of moral ideals with self-interest"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1981, "answer": 2, "text": "There is a saying that the human brain has a reward circuit for sugar, that is, sugar intake, which causes the brain to secrete substances that make people happy. Dopamine is the eloquent salesman who makes you fall into a sugar trap before you know it. However, eating too much can be counterproductive. The study found that the consequences of long-term high sugar may lead not only to physical obesity, but also to psychological depression. But it will not take overnight to understand the relationship between food and human body and mind. It will be a long-term study.", "question": "According to this passage, which of the following options is true?", "options": ["Dopamine is the physiological basis of happiness.", "The more sugar you eat, the more happiness you will feel.", "People who eat sugar for a long time are more likely to be depressed.", "The claim about the reward circuit of sugar is groundless."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2401, "answer": 2, "text": "As temperatures rise, so does the chance that tropical rainforests will be struck by lightning and start fires. However, current monitoring shows that although the American rainforest is hit by lightning more frequently, it does not cause more forest fires. The researchers believe that this may have something to do with the large increase in the number of vines in the rainforest in recent years.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, can best support the above conclusion?", "options": ["Lightning strikes often cause temperate forest fires, but tropical rain forests do not cause large fires because of high humidity.", "In 1968, the coverage rate of vines in the tropical rain forest was 32%. At present, the coverage rate is as high as 60%, even more than 75% in some areas.", "The stem of the vine has less resistance relative to the branch and can conduct lightning like a lightning rod on a building, allowing most of the current to flow from its own stem.", "Lightning strikes such a large-scale and extremely fast discharge, first destroying the external vines and the trees in the middle are protected."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2735, "answer": 1, "text": "Because the image of the photo is formed by the contact between the light and the film, each photo has a certain degree of authenticity. However, the photos taken from different angles always reflect the truth of one side of the object rather than the whole truth. in this sense, the photos are not true. Therefore, under the current technical conditions, it is not appropriate to use photographs as evidence, especially in court.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most weakens the above argument?", "options": ["Photography technology is constantly developing, in theory, panoramic photos can reflect the whole reality of the object from the appearance.", "Any evidence only needs to reflect one side of the fact.", "In the court trial, although some photos can not be used as evidence, they have important reference value.", "Some photos are synthesized or forged by technical means."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8915, "answer": 3, "text": "In a magic show, from the seven magicians - G.H.K.L.N.P and Q, 6 are selected to perform, and the performance is divided into two teams: Team 1 and Team 2. Each team consists of three positions: front, middle and back, and the magicians who play happen to each occupy one position. The selection and position arrangement of the magicians must meet the following conditions: (1) If G or H are arranged to play, they must be in front. bit. (2) If K is assigned to play, he must be in the middle. (3) If L is assigned to play, he must be on Team 1. (4) Neither P nor K can be on the same team as N. (5) P cannot be on the same team as Q. (6) If H is in team 2, then Q is in the middle of team 1.", "question": "Which of the followings is an acceptable arrangement for 2 teams to perform?", "options": ["Front: H Middle: P Back: K", "Front: H Middle: L Back: N", "Front: G Middle: Q Back: P", "Front: G Middle: Q Back: N"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1485, "answer": 0, "text": "When someone at home was a guest, his child was sitting on a stool, watching cartoons while being naughty, and accidentally fell off the stool, and then cried. At this time, many parents will feel very angry, so they reprimand their children: Watching a cartoon is naughty, I fell, and you still have a face to cry? From a psychological point of view, this kind of criticism is probably just that the parents are venting their inner anger, and the educational significance of the child is minimal or even counterproductive: falling down 'S child is in sorrow, unable to grasp the deep meaning behind the parents' criticism, and can only hear the parents' scolding, so they may cry harder. At this time, if there are other children next to seeing this scene, they will only get It came to the conclusion that you can't cry if you fall, or you will be scolded by adults. In fact, the attitude and way parents treat their children are related to the children's mental health, and public criticism of children will affect the formation and development of children's self-esteem. Blindly beaten Scolding and scolding will not only make the child feel humiliated in front of outsiders, but also make the child form a negative thinking that something bad happens to you deserve it.", "question": "Which of the following summarizes the core point of this passage most accurately?", "options": ["Educating children in front of everyone may be counterproductive", "Criticizing children in public will hurt their self-esteem", "When parents are educating their children, if they are angry inside, the education is of little significance", "When there are guests at home, it is best not to scold the children"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12003, "answer": 0, "text": "Fluoride enters a region' s groundwater when rain dissolves fluoride-bearing minerals in the soil. In a recent study, researchers found that when rainfall, concentrations of fluoride-bearing minerals, and other relevant variables are held constant, fluoride concentrations in groundwater are significantly higher in areas where the groundwater also contains a high concentration of sodium.", "question": "Which one of the following can most reasonably be concluded on the basis of the researchers' findings?", "options": ["Sodium in groundwater increases the rate at which fluoride-bearing minerals dissolve.", "Fluoride-bearing minerals are not the primary source of fluoride found in groundwater.", "Rainfall does not affect fluoride concentrations in groundwater.", "Sodium-bearing minerals dissolve at a faster rate than fluoride-bearing minerals."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11947, "answer": 2, "text": "It would not be surprising to discover that the trade routes between China and the West were opened many centuries, even millennia, earlier than 200 B. C. , contrary to what is currently believed. After all, what made the Great Silk Road so attractive as a trade route linking China and the West -- level terrain, easily traversable mountain passes, and desert oases -- would also have made it an attractive route for the original emigrants to China from Africa and the Middle East, and this early migration began at least one million years ago.", "question": "That a migration from Africa and the Middle East to China occurred at least one million years ago figures in the above reasoning in which one of the following ways?", "options": ["It is cited as conclusive evidence for the claim that trade links between China and the Middle East were established long before 200 B. C.", "It is offered as evidence against the claim that trade routes between China and Africa preceded those eventually established between China and the Middle East.", "It is offered as evidence in support of the claim that trade routes between China and the West could easily have been established much earlier than is currently believed.", "It is the main conclusion that the argument attempts to establish about intercourse between China and the West."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 519, "answer": 0, "text": "Hydrological rhythm refers to the periodic and rhythmic changes of lake water regime. The generalized hydrological rhythm includes circadian, monthly, seasonal and interannual rhythms. Under normal circumstances, due to factors such as watershed climate and underlying surface, it is relatively stable. The multi-year average water level of the lake tends to be stable, that is, the normal annual average water level of the lake is relatively stable. The circadian rhythm has little impact on the ecosystem. Therefore, the narrow hydrological rhythm refers to the monthly and seasonal rhythm.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings relates to hydrological rhythm in a narrow sense?", "options": ["The water surface area of Poyang Lake continues to shrink due to the dual effects of continuous reduction of rainfall and water inflow.", "The historical average annual water temperature of Hongze Lake is 16.3 degree, the highest water temperature is in September and the lowest water temperature is in January.", "The annual precipitation of Dongting lake last year was 1560mm, of which the precipitation from April to June accounted for about half of the whole year.", "The annual average temperature in Chaohu Lake Basin is stable between 15 ~ 16 degree, and there is a frost-free period of more than 200 days."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11303, "answer": 1, "text": "Programmer: We computer programmers at Mytheco are demanding raises to make our average salary comparable with that of the technical writers here who receive, on average, 20 percent more in salary and benefits than we do. This pay difference is unfair and intolerable. Mytheco executive: But many of the technical writers have worked for Mytheco longer than have many of the programmers. Since salary and benefits at Mytheco are directly tied to seniority, the 20 percent pay difference you mention is perfectly acceptable.", "question": "Evaluating the adequacy of the Mytheco executive's response requires a clarification of which one of the following?", "options": ["how the Mytheco executive's salary compares with that of the programmers", "how the average seniority of programmers compares with the average seniority of technical writers", "whether any of the technical writers at Mytheco once worked as programmers at the company", "whether the sorts of benefits an employee of Mytheco receives are tied to the salary of that employee"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6136, "answer": 2, "text": "Human self-esteem can be divided into conditional self-esteem and unconditional self-esteem. The former is self-esteem obtained by reaching some preset standards. The sense of self-worth depends on the realization of these standards, rather than the true needs of the self. Conditional self-esteem people often do not understand their own needs, and their self-esteem standards are internalized. If the parents' love is conditional, they will reward their desires and punish the undesirable behaviors, which imposes standards of behavior on the children. Children will unconsciously regard this standard as their life pursuit. Conditional self-esteem is often expressed through strong self-awareness. Such people always see themselves through the eyes of others.", "question": "Which of the followings is consistent with the meaning of this text?", "options": ["Man's true needs are the source of conditional self-esteem.", "Excessive spoiling by parents will damage the child's self-esteem.", "The man of conditional self-esteem is often too much in the unexpected world.", "Parents setting standards of behavior for their children are detrimental to their growth."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3563, "answer": 0, "text": "Social integration: refers to the process of adjusting or coordinating the contradictions and conflicts between various parts of society, so that the entire society becomes a unified and well-functioning system. Through social integration, the various parts of the social system that are both independent and interconnected Comply with each other and form a state of equilibrium.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following is not social integration?", "options": ["New social class people born in economic development", "Cultural fusion between regions", "Crack down on all kinds of illegal and criminal acts", "The No. 1 Central Document Guides Agriculture, Rural Areas and Farmers Work"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14084, "answer": 1, "text": "Mice that have been given morphine are very likely to develop blood poisoning because bacteria that normally reside in the intestine typically respond to morphine by migrating into the bloodstream. However, when mice are given both morphine and the new drug naltrexone, blood poisoning is much less frequent, although it does still occur. These results provide support for researchers' prediction that naltrexone will turn out to be toxic to certain types of bacteria.", "question": "Which of the following, if discovered to be true, would most seriously weaken the support for the researchers' prediction?", "options": ["After being administered to mice, naltrexone does not pass from the bloodstream into the intestine.", "Naltrexone inhibits morphine from triggering the migration of intestinal bacteria into the bloodstream.", "Mice that have been given naltrexone but not morphine have no greater risk of developing blood poisoning than do mice that have not been given either substance.", "The increased risk of blood poisoning is not the only harmful effect on mice of being given morphine."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6780, "answer": 1, "text": "Crisis management refers to how the government deals with and responds to a sudden incident. Crisis management is more comprehensive, including not only the treatment of the outbreak, duration and recession of the crisis, but also the treatment of the incubation period, that is, when the crisis has not yet occurred, the government should have a kind of early warning ability and then have the ability to deal with the crisis.", "question": "According to this passage, which of the following is the correct one?", "options": ["Crisis management is more critical.", "Crisis management includes crisis intervention.", "Crisis intervention is the core of crisis management.", "Crisis management can prevent the occurrence of crisis events."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7124, "answer": 0, "text": "The basic rights and obligations of citizens refer to the minimum legal rights and obligations that Chinese citizens should enjoy and perform as recognized by the constitution.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following statements is correct?", "options": ["Fundamental rights indicate the constitutional status of citizens and constitute the basis of a national rights system.", "Governments at all levels and society should provide all possible conditions for the realization of the basic rights stipulated in the Constitution without discount.", "Zhang is old and frail, and has no children under his knees. The local government should take him into a welfare home to rest for the rest of his life.", "Ding is a mentally retarded person who wanders to Beijing in a province. After wandering in Beijing for a year, the local government of the province is obliged to take him back to his hometown."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1075, "answer": 3, "text": "Silent behavior refers to the behavior of deliberately retaining one's own ideas in the face of hidden dangers in management system or production activities, in order to avoid interpersonal conflict, fear of retaliation or maintain one's face.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following is silent behavior?", "options": ["Xiao Wang didn't point out an obvious mistake in his colleague Xiao Zhao's plan. In the next evaluation with Xiao Zhao, Xiao Wang's plan was passed.", "Lao Zhang realized that Xiao Ming has been singing during working hours recently, which has affected others' work. However, considering that he is his apprentice, Lao Zhang not only does not report to the leader, but also argues with other complaining colleagues.", "Although Xiao Ma has opinions on how to improve customer satisfaction with the company's services, since the colleagues who spoke earlier have basically talked about this issue, Xiao Ma doesn't go on.", "Although Xiao Liu had an idea at the new product development report meeting, considering that the idea was not mature, he rashly put forward it, which might affect the work progress, so he didn't comment at the meeting."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10537, "answer": 3, "text": "At present, there are 3 kinds of GM rice waiting for commercial planting approval, each involving at least 12 foreign patents; 5 kinds of GM rice are in the process of research and development, each involving 10 foreign patents. Some experts believe that rice is the main food crop in China, and if GM rice is allowed to be planted commercially, the state's control over the main food crops may be threatened.", "question": "Which of the following statements, if true, would most strongly support the expert's view?", "options": ["GM rice has the advantage of resistance to specific pests, but there are few of these pests in rice in China", "At present, there is no transgenic rice that can surpass the yield and quality of super rice, hybrid rice and other varieties in China", "After the introduction of genetically modified seeds in the United States, the prices of corn, cotton, soybeans and other seeds rose sharply", "If GM rice is grown commercially in China, foreign patent holders will prohibit Chinese farmers from keeping seeds, forcing them to buy seeds at high prices every sowing season"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 282, "answer": 3, "text": "If colleges and universities can hire a large number of graduates who have obtained doctoral degrees from top overseas universities, it will undoubtedly helpful to improve the quality of teaching and scientific research. Therefore, hiring graduates who have obtained doctoral degrees from domestic universities will not help improve the quality of teaching and scientific research.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, will challenge the most to the above view?", "options": ["It is impossible for colleges and universities to fully employ graduates who have obtained doctoral degrees from top overseas universities.", "In many colleges and universities, a considerable number of teachers graduated from domestic universities and have no experience of studying abroad.", "Graduates who have obtained a doctoral degree from a top overseas university are more willing to stay overseas for employment, and tend to work in foreign companies even after returning to China.", "Graduates, hired by colleges and universities, who have obtained doctoral degrees from top overseas universities are usually jointly cultivated by domestic universities and overseas universities, and they also have doctoral degrees issued by domestic universities."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10449, "answer": 2, "text": "Critics: as the practice of electronic monitoring of employees becomes more and more common, it is becoming more and more intrusive to personal privacy. I have also heard more and more defences from employers for this practice. They explain that the purpose of monitoring is to keep employees honest, efficient and polite to customers. In my opinion, this explanation is obviously in the service of the employer himself and does not justify the unreasonable invasion of personal privacy at all.", "question": "Which of the following options best points out the flaw in the critic's argument?", "options": ["Attack an argument that is different from the argument actually put forward by the employer.", "Assume that employees are never dishonest, inefficient, or impolite to customers.", "Attack employers' motives rather than refute their defenses.", "A summary is made based on a biased sample."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10467, "answer": 1, "text": "G, H, J, K, L, M and O travel together. During their four-day camping life, two people were arranged to be on duty to cook for everyone every day. The arrangement of the personnel required for these four days cannot be repeated, and there happens to be one person on duty for two days.In addition, the following conditions must be met for those on duty: (1)J is arranged to be on duty the day after H.(2) the person who is on duty for two days must be on the fourth day, not the third day. (3) G must be arranged on the same day as one of J and O. (4) K is arranged to be on duty on at least one day on the first or second day. (5) O must be on the third day.", "question": "Which of the following options must be on the next day?", "options": ["G.", "J.", "K.", "L."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3392, "answer": 2, "text": "A security is a written document which establishes and attests to the holder's right to a certain property right. A right represented by a security is combined with a written document recording the right. When the obligee exercises his right, he may not, in principle, leave the securities.", "question": "Which of the following does not belong to the security?", "options": ["Stocks.", "Treasury bill.", "Contract.", "Check."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14815, "answer": 3, "text": "Sociologist: The claim that there is a large number of violent crimes in our society is false, for this claim is based upon the large number of stories in newspapers about violent crimes. But since violent crimes are very rare occurrences, newspapers are likely to print stories about them.", "question": "The sociologist's argument is flawed because it", "options": ["mistakes a property of each member of a group taken as an individual for a property of the group taken as a whole", "assumes without warrant that the newspaper stories in question are not biased", "presupposes that most newspaper stories are about violent crime", "presupposes the truth of the conclusion it is attempting to establish"], "type": {}}
{"id": 11384, "answer": 0, "text": "This company will not be training any more pilots in the foreseeable future, since we have 400 trained pilots on our waiting list who are seeking employment. The other five major companies each have roughly the same number of trained pilots on their waiting lists, and since the projected requirement of each company is for not many more than 100 additional pilots, there will be no shortage of personnel despite the current upswing in the aviation industry. ", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the accuracy of the above conclusion?", "options": ["Most of the trained pilots who are on a waiting list for a job are on the waiting lists of all the major companies.", "Some of the other major companies are still training pilots but with no presumption of subsequent employment.", "The quoted personnel projections take account of the current upswing in the aviation industry.", "In the long run, pilot training will become necessary to compensate for ordinary attention."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13634, "answer": 2, "text": "The government-owned gas company has begun selling stoves and other gas appliances to create a larger market for its gas. Merchants who sell such products complain that the competition will hurt their businesses. That may well be; however, the government-owned gas company is within its rights. After all, the owner of a private gas company might well decide to sell such appliances and surely there would be nothing wrong with that.", "question": "Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the reasoning above?", "options": ["There is nothing wrong with a government- owned company selling products so long as owners of private companies do not complain.", "A government should always take seriously the complaints of merchants.", "Government-owned companies have the right to do whatever private businesses have the right to do.", "Private businesses have no right to compete with government monopolies."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4604, "answer": 1, "text": "Emotion is an important feature of mankind's artistic mastery of the world. Art aesthetics is precisely to regulate art objects with emotions, infect and inspire art appreciators.", "question": "So which of the following is correct?", "options": ["The practice of human life is the source of art", "Man's artistic mastery of the world is his emotional mastery", "All art is related to emotion", "Art is aimed at noble human emotions"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6359, "answer": 2, "text": "From the perspective of the history of landscape painting, although the emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty had their surnames Zhao, their painting styles were very different, and they were usually divided into two parts; the Ming Dynasty was the world of Zhu Yuanzhang. The ruler is neither a family nor a surname, and the time span is more than 540 years, but they are often told together. This is because political history and art history are not necessarily parallel. In other words, the main trends in the history of painting in the Ming and Qing dynasties are almost all under the influence of the generationless style of painting, copying is flourishing and creativity is declining, unlike the paintings of the Song Dynasties, which have significantly different characteristics.", "question": "Which of the following options is consistent with the original text?", "options": ["Song dynasty emperors rarely directly intervene in painting creation.", "The paintings of the Yuan Dynasty inherited the characteristics of the paintings of the Song Dynasties .", "There are similarities in the paintings of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.", "Special attention should be paid to the background of the times in painting research."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11257, "answer": 1, "text": "The use of growth-promoting antibiotics in hog farming can weaken their effectiveness in treating humans because such use can spread resistance to those antibiotics among microorganisms. But now the Smee Company, one of the largest pork marketers, may stop buying pork raised on feed containing these antibiotics. Smee has 60 percent of the pork market, and farmers who sell to Smee would certainly stop using antibiotics in order to avoid jeopardizing their sales. So if Smee makes this change, it will probably significantly slow the decline in antibiotics' effectiveness for humans.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument above?", "options": ["A phaseout of use of antibiotics for hogs in one country reduced usage by over 50 percent over five years.", "Other major pork marketers will probably stop buying pork raised on feed containing growth-promoting antibiotics if Smee no longer buys such pork.", "Authorities are promoting the use of antibiotics to which microorganisms have not yet developed resistance.", "The decline in hog growth due to discontinuation of antibiotics can be offset by improved hygiene."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9170, "answer": 3, "text": "On July 16, 2013, Whistleblower Edward Snowden formally applied for asylum in Russia. The United States has been hunting Snowden. If Russia accepts Snowden's application, it will surely worsen relations between Russia and the United States. But Mr. Snowden is widely viewed in Russia and around the world as a champion of human rights around the globe, and it would be morally and honorably damaging for Russia to reject him.", "question": "If the above statement is true, which of the following statements must be true?", "options": ["Russia does not want the Snowden affair to damage relations with the United States.", "Russia will not hand Snowden over to the United States, but could send him to a third country.", "Russia would not suffer morally or in terms of national dignity if it accepted Snowden's asylum request.", "If Russia does not want to worsen relations with the United States, it will suffer morally and in terms of national dignity."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6553, "answer": 0, "text": "With regard to the current increase in trading volume in the real estate market, some analysts believe that China's real estate engine may restart. If so, this will lead China's economy out of the doldrums against a backdrop of foreign demand difficulties. Compared with the situation in Japan in 1986, if the government guides properly, China's economy may take the lead in getting out of the predicament because of the restart of the real estate industry. Of course, based on the experience of the United States at that time, economic restart may be a relatively long process.", "question": "Based on the above conclusion, which of the following options is correct?", "options": ["The increase in trading volume has brought hope of recovery to the real estate market and even China's economy", "With the restart and revitalization of the real estate industry, China's economy will be the first to get out of the trough", "Whether the real estate industry can become the pillar of the national economy again depends on the guidance of the government", "If the real estate industry can restart, it will take a long time for China's economy to get out of its predicament"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10575, "answer": 2, "text": "Selena: Asteroid impact on the Earth caused the extinction of the dinosaurs by raising vast clouds of dust, thus blocking the Sun' s rays and cooling the planet beyond the capacity of the dinosaurs, or perhaps the vegetation that supported them, to adapt. A worldwide dust layer provides evidence of asteroid impact at approximately the correct time, and a huge crater exists on the edge of the Yucatan peninsula in Mexico. Trent: That asteroid crater is not large enough for the requisite amount of dust to have been produced. Besides, the extinction of dinosaur species took many years, not just one or two. So the extinctions must have been due not to asteroid impact on the Earth but to some other kind of cause.", "question": "Trent's argument assumes that", "options": ["dinosaurs in the neighborhood of an asteroid impact but not within the zone of direct impact would have survived such an impact", "dust from the impact of an asteroid on the Earth would not have had any cooling effect on the climate", "no more than one large asteroid struck the Earth during the period when the dinosaurs were becoming extinct", "any collision of an asteroid with the Earth would have occurred on a land area rather than an ocean"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7721, "answer": 1, "text": "Power hint refers to the influence on external members of the organization based on position, business ability, and personality charm.", "question": "Which of the following is not power hint?", "options": ["Professor Zhang is an expert in the field of microelectronics. Many companies will ask him for solutions when they encounter related problems", "Xiao Cong, a fifth-grade student, plays video games very smoothly. When the school forms a team to participate in competitions at all levels, he is always asked for assistance and guidance", "Veteran Lao Zhao handled things fairly. When the neighbors encountered big and small disputes, the first thing that came to mind was to invite him to preside over justice", "Director Li of the Bureau of Education has studied the professional development of teachers for a long time, but his relatives and friends often turn to him for advice on the education of their children"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 15, "answer": 0, "text": "The financing for a large construction project was provided by a bank. When the funds were used up before the completion of the project, the bank approved further loans. Now, as the funds are used up again and the project is still not completed, the bank refuses to provide further loans, although the project will fall through without these loans.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, best explains why the bank's current reaction is different from their previous?", "options": [" The bank reassessed the potential income of the completed project and concluded that the total income that the project can generate will be lower than the total interest of the old loans plus the new ones", " The bank has found several other projects. These projects can promote faster recovery of the principal, If the loans to them are now approved to start these projects.", " The bank and the borrower agree that the construction loan will be secured by the completion of the project", " Cost overruns are mainly due to unforeseen problems in the most difficult stage of the construction project"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4270, "answer": 3, "text": "Co-dependency refers that a person especially needs others to rely on himself and always loves to provide others with care that they don't need. Moreover, this kind of person also forces others to accept his care, so that others can't be independent. When others rely on him, he will feel satisfied and valuable. This symptom will suppress people's nerves and bring a lot of inconvenience to relatives, friends and even colleagues as well.", "question": "According to the above definition, which one of the followings belongs to co-dependency?", "options": ["Mr. Zhang said, I'll go crazy if I don't see my son all day.", "Mr. Li even coaxed his daughter to take cold medicine.", "Mr. Liu lived in his own home from primary school to university.", "Mr. Wang rented a house near his daughter's university to accompany her."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 120, "answer": 0, "text": "X Insurance Company is considering issuing a new insurance policy to provide the services seniors need for those who are suffering from elderly diseases. The insurance premium of the policy must be low enough to attract customers. Therefore, X Company will worry about that their income received is not enough to pay for the claims.", "question": "Which of the following strategies is most likely to minimize X Company's losses on the policy?", "options": ["Attract middle-aged customers who will not be able to claim to benefit from the policy for many future years.", "Provide insurance only to individuals who are wealthy enough to pay for medical services", "Provide more services in this policy than in other lower cost policies", "Provide insurance only to those individuals who have been rejected by other insurance companies in similar insurance programs"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14586, "answer": 0, "text": "Consumer advocate: One advertisement that is deceptive, and thus morally wrong, states that gram for gram, the refined sugar used in our chocolate pies is no more fattening than the sugars found in fruits and vegetables. This is like trying to persuade someone that chocolate pies are not fattening by saying that, calorie for calorie, they are no more fattening than celery. True, but it would take a whole shopping cart full of celery to equal a chocolate pie' s worth of calories. Advertiser: This advertisement cannot be called deceptive. It is, after all, true.", "question": "Which one of the following principles, if established, would do most to support the consumer advocate's position against the advertiser's response?", "options": ["A true statement should be regarded as deceptive if it is made with the expectation that people hearing or reading the statement will draw a false conclusion from it.", "A true statement should be regarded as deceptive only if the person making the statement believes it to be false, and thus intends the people reading or hearing it to acquire a false belief.", "To make statements that impart only a small proportion of the information in one's possession should not necessarily be regarded as deceptive.", "It is morally wrong to make a true statement in a manner that will deceive hearers or readers of the statement into believing that it is false."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3230, "answer": 0, "text": "Fat tail effect refers to the phenomenon that statistical extreme situations often occur abnormally.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following phenomena belongs to fat tail effect?", "options": ["The welfare lottery betting station in happy community won the first prize in five consecutive issues.", "The top students in Arts and Science in the college entrance examination of J province this year are all girls. We can't help feeling that boys' grades are really inferior to girls.", "Affected by the El Nino phenomenon, many places in southern China have experienced a once-in-a-century rainstorm.", "In this table tennis competition, the last champion Lao Wang played abnormally and was eliminated in the first round, which was surprising."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10835, "answer": 0, "text": "People who have specialized knowledge about a scientific or technical issue are systematically excluded from juries for trials where that issue is relevant. Thus, trial by jury is not a fair means of settling disputes involving such issues.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?", "options": ["The more a juror knows about a particular scientific or technical issue involved in a trial, the more likely it is that the juror will be prejudiced in favor of one of the litigating parties before the trial begins.", "Expert witnesses in specialized fields often command fees that are so high that many people involved in litigation cannot afford their services.", "The more complicated the issue being litigated, the less likely it is that a juror without specialized knowledge of the field involved will be able to comprehend the testimony being given.", "Appointing an impartial arbitrator is not a fair means of settling disputes involving scientific or technical issues, because arbitrators tend to favor settlements in which both parties compromise on the issues."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6999, "answer": 1, "text": "The upper leaves of sugarbeet grow vertically and the leaf clusters are funnel-shaped. the configuration structure of foliar space formed by this growth mode is very powerful in the absorption of light and improves the photosynthetic efficiency of plants and populations.On the other hand, the leaves of plantain are whorled, and the angle between the leaves is 137.5 degrees, which is the chord angle of the golden section of the circle. The leaves grow according to this angle and can make full use of light.As the trunk grows taller, the leaves of the pear tree rise in a logarithmic spiral, and each leaf will not cover the leaves below.", "question": "Which of the following is the main content of this text?", "options": ["Light absorptivity is a key factor affecting plant growth", "The leaf structure which conforms to the mathematical law is beneficial to plant growth", "Different growth environments lead to differences in the growth of plant leaves", "The absorption of light affects the growth angle of leaves"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7966, "answer": 1, "text": "In the early stages of highway development, their trend can still follow the landform, that is, along the edge of the river or forest. But now, the highway is ubiquitous, and the animal populations that could roam freely such as wolves and bears are divided into scattered. Compared with the populations of large animals, the populations of smaller animals have greater fluctuations in numbers and are more prone to mixed habitation.", "question": "Which of the following options can be inferred from this text?", "options": ["The trend of highway development", "The impact of highway development on animals", "Changes in animal living conditions", "Different fates of different animals"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}

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