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aragonite
a mineral form of crystalline calcium carbonate; dimorphic with calcite
aragonite: a mineral form of crystalline calcium carbonate; dimorphic with calcite
argentite
a valuable silver ore consisting of silver sulfide (Ag2S)
argentite: a valuable silver ore consisting of silver sulfide (Ag2S)
argillite
a sedimentary rock differing from shale in being bound by silica and from slate in having no slate cleavages
argillite: a sedimentary rock differing from shale in being bound by silica and from slate in having no slate cleavages
argyrodite
a rare steel-grey mineral consisting of silver and germanium and sulfur
argyrodite: a rare steel-grey mineral consisting of silver and germanium and sulfur
arsenopyrite
a silver-white or grey ore of arsenic
arsenopyrite: a silver-white or grey ore of arsenic
asphalt
a dark bituminous substance found in natural beds and as residue from petroleum distillation; consists mainly of hydrocarbons
asphalt: a dark bituminous substance found in natural beds and as residue from petroleum distillation; consists mainly of hydrocarbons
augite
dark-green to black glassy mineral of the pyroxene group containing large amounts of aluminum and iron and magnesium
augite: dark-green to black glassy mineral of the pyroxene group containing large amounts of aluminum and iron and magnesium
azurite
blue carbonate of copper; blue malachite
azurite: blue carbonate of copper; blue malachite
baddeleyite
a mineral consisting of zirconium oxide
baddeleyite: a mineral consisting of zirconium oxide
bastnasite
a yellow-to-brown mineral that is a source of rare earth elements
bastnasite: a yellow-to-brown mineral that is a source of rare earth elements
bauxite
a clay-like mineral; the chief ore of aluminum; composed of aluminum oxides and aluminum hydroxides; used as an abrasive and catalyst
bauxite: a clay-like mineral; the chief ore of aluminum; composed of aluminum oxides and aluminum hydroxides; used as an abrasive and catalyst
beryl
the chief source of beryllium; colored transparent varieties are valued as gems
beryl: the chief source of beryllium; colored transparent varieties are valued as gems
biotite
dark brown to black mica found in igneous and metamorphic rock
biotite: dark brown to black mica found in igneous and metamorphic rock
bone_black
black substance containing char in the form of carbonized bone; used as a black pigment
bone_black: black substance containing char in the form of carbonized bone; used as a black pigment
borax
an ore of boron consisting of hydrated sodium borate; used as a flux or cleansing agent
borax: an ore of boron consisting of hydrated sodium borate; used as a flux or cleansing agent
bornite
a mineral consisting of sulfides of copper and iron that is found in copper deposits
bornite: a mineral consisting of sulfides of copper and iron that is found in copper deposits
carnallite
a white or reddish mineral consisting of hydrous chlorides of potassium and magnesium; used as a fertilizer and as a source of potassium and magnesium
carnallite: a white or reddish mineral consisting of hydrous chlorides of potassium and magnesium; used as a fertilizer and as a source of potassium and magnesium
carnotite
a yellow radioactive mineral; an ore of uranium and radium and vanadium
carnotite: a yellow radioactive mineral; an ore of uranium and radium and vanadium
caspase
any of a group of proteases that mediate apoptosis
caspase: any of a group of proteases that mediate apoptosis
cassiterite
a hard heavy dark mineral that is the chief source of tin
cassiterite: a hard heavy dark mineral that is the chief source of tin
celestite
a mineral consisting of strontium sulphate
celestite: a mineral consisting of strontium sulphate
cerussite
a mineral consisting of lead carbonate that is an important source of lead
cerussite: a mineral consisting of lead carbonate that is an important source of lead
chalcocite
a heavy grey mineral that is an ore of copper
chalcocite: a heavy grey mineral that is an ore of copper
chalcopyrite
a yellow copper ore (CuFeS2) made up of copper and iron sulfide
chalcopyrite: a yellow copper ore (CuFeS2) made up of copper and iron sulfide
china_clay
a fine usually white clay formed by the weathering of aluminous minerals (as feldspar); used in ceramics and as an absorbent and as a filler (e.g., in paper)
china_clay: a fine usually white clay formed by the weathering of aluminous minerals (as feldspar); used in ceramics and as an absorbent and as a filler (e.g., in paper)
chlorite
a generally green or black mineral; it occurs as a constituent of many rocks typically in the form of a flat crystal
chlorite: a generally green or black mineral; it occurs as a constituent of many rocks typically in the form of a flat crystal
chromite
a brownish-black mineral; the major source of chromium
chromite: a brownish-black mineral; the major source of chromium
chromogen
a compound that can be converted to a pigment
chromogen: a compound that can be converted to a pigment
chrysoberyl
a rare hard yellow green mineral consisting of beryllium aluminate in crystal form; used as a gemstone
chrysoberyl: a rare hard yellow green mineral consisting of beryllium aluminate in crystal form; used as a gemstone
cinnabar
a heavy reddish mineral consisting of mercuric sulfide; the chief source of mercury
cinnabar: a heavy reddish mineral consisting of mercuric sulfide; the chief source of mercury
cobalt_blue
greenish-blue pigment consisting essentially of cobalt oxide and alumina
cobalt_blue: greenish-blue pigment consisting essentially of cobalt oxide and alumina
cobaltite
a rare silvery-white mineral; important ore of cobalt
cobaltite: a rare silvery-white mineral; important ore of cobalt
sodium_chloride
a white crystalline solid consisting mainly of sodium chloride (NaCl)
sodium_chloride: a white crystalline solid consisting mainly of sodium chloride (NaCl)
halite
naturally occurring crystalline sodium chloride
halite: naturally occurring crystalline sodium chloride
columbite-tantalite
a valuable black mineral combining niobite and tantalite; used in cell phones and computer chips
columbite-tantalite: a valuable black mineral combining niobite and tantalite; used in cell phones and computer chips
cordierite
a blue mineral of magnesium and iron and aluminum and silicon and oxygen; often used as a gemstone
cordierite: a blue mineral of magnesium and iron and aluminum and silicon and oxygen; often used as a gemstone
corundom
very hard mineral used as an abrasive
corundom: very hard mineral used as an abrasive
cristobalite
a white mineral consisting of silica; found in volcanic rocks
cristobalite: a white mineral consisting of silica; found in volcanic rocks
crocolite
a rare lead chromite mineral that forms bright orange crystals
crocolite: a rare lead chromite mineral that forms bright orange crystals
cryolite
a white mineral consisting of fluorides of aluminum and sodium; a source of fluorine
cryolite: a white mineral consisting of fluorides of aluminum and sodium; a source of fluorine
cuprite
a mineral consisting of cuprous oxide that is a source of copper
cuprite: a mineral consisting of cuprous oxide that is a source of copper
cutin
(biochemistry) a waxy transparent material that occurs in the cuticle of plants and consists of highly polymerized esters of fatty acids
cutin: (biochemistry) a waxy transparent material that occurs in the cuticle of plants and consists of highly polymerized esters of fatty acids
damourite
a variety of muscovite
damourite: a variety of muscovite
dolomite
a light colored mineral consisting of calcium magnesium carbonate; a source of magnesium; used as a ceramic and as fertilizer
dolomite: a light colored mineral consisting of calcium magnesium carbonate; a source of magnesium; used as a ceramic and as fertilizer
earth_color
a colored mineral used as a pigment
earth_color: a colored mineral used as a pigment
emery
a hard grey-black mineral consisting of corundum and either hematite or magnetite; used as an abrasive (especially as a coating on paper)
emery: a hard grey-black mineral consisting of corundum and either hematite or magnetite; used as an abrasive (especially as a coating on paper)
emulsifier
a surface-active agent that promotes the formation of an emulsion
emulsifier: a surface-active agent that promotes the formation of an emulsion
emulsion
(chemistry) a colloid in which both phases are liquids
emulsion: (chemistry) a colloid in which both phases are liquids
erythrite
a reddish mineral consisting of hydrated cobalt arsenate in monoclinic crystalline form and used in coloring glass; usually found in veins bearing cobalt and arsenic
erythrite: a reddish mineral consisting of hydrated cobalt arsenate in monoclinic crystalline form and used in coloring glass; usually found in veins bearing cobalt and arsenic
fergusonite
a dark mineral consisting of oxides of yttrium and erbium and tantalum and other minerals
fergusonite: a dark mineral consisting of oxides of yttrium and erbium and tantalum and other minerals
fluorapatite
a form of apatite in which fluorine predominates over chlorine
fluorapatite: a form of apatite in which fluorine predominates over chlorine
fluorite
a soft mineral (calcium fluoride) that is fluorescent in ultraviolet light; chief source of fluorine
fluorite: a soft mineral (calcium fluoride) that is fluorescent in ultraviolet light; chief source of fluorine
gadolinite
a mineral that is a source of rare earths; consists of silicates of iron and beryllium and cerium and yttrium and erbium
gadolinite: a mineral that is a source of rare earths; consists of silicates of iron and beryllium and cerium and yttrium and erbium
galena
soft blue-grey mineral; lead sulfide; a major source of lead
galena: soft blue-grey mineral; lead sulfide; a major source of lead
garnet
any of a group of hard glassy minerals (silicates of various metals) used as gemstones and as an abrasive
garnet: any of a group of hard glassy minerals (silicates of various metals) used as gemstones and as an abrasive
garnierite
a green mineral consisting of hydrated nickel magnesium silicate; a source of nickel
garnierite: a green mineral consisting of hydrated nickel magnesium silicate; a source of nickel
almandite
a deep red garnet consisting of iron aluminum silicate
almandite: a deep red garnet consisting of iron aluminum silicate
germanite
a rare reddish-grey mineral consisting of a copper iron germanium sulfide
germanite: a rare reddish-grey mineral consisting of a copper iron germanium sulfide
gesso
gypsum or plaster of Paris spread on a surface to make it suitable for painting or gilding (or a surface so prepared)
gesso: gypsum or plaster of Paris spread on a surface to make it suitable for painting or gilding (or a surface so prepared)
gibbsite
white crystalline mineral consisting of aluminum hydroxide; a constituent of bauxite and a source of alumina
gibbsite: white crystalline mineral consisting of aluminum hydroxide; a constituent of bauxite and a source of alumina
glauconite
a green mineral consisting of hydrated silicate of potassium or iron or magnesium or aluminum; found in greensand
glauconite: a green mineral consisting of hydrated silicate of potassium or iron or magnesium or aluminum; found in greensand
goethite
a red or yellow or brown mineral; an oxide of iron that is a common constituent of rust
goethite: a red or yellow or brown mineral; an oxide of iron that is a common constituent of rust
greaves
the residue that remains after animal fat has been rendered
greaves: the residue that remains after animal fat has been rendered
greenockite
ore of cadmium; a rare yellowish mineral consisting of cadmium sulphide in crystalline form
greenockite: ore of cadmium; a rare yellowish mineral consisting of cadmium sulphide in crystalline form
gypsum
a common white or colorless mineral (hydrated calcium sulphate) used to make cements and plasters (especially plaster of Paris)
gypsum: a common white or colorless mineral (hydrated calcium sulphate) used to make cements and plasters (especially plaster of Paris)
hausmannite
a mineral consisting of manganese tetroxide; a source of manganese
hausmannite: a mineral consisting of manganese tetroxide; a source of manganese
heavy_spar
a white or colorless mineral (BaSO4); the main source of barium
heavy_spar: a white or colorless mineral (BaSO4); the main source of barium
hemimorphite
a white mineral; a common ore of zinc
hemimorphite: a white mineral; a common ore of zinc
ilmenite
a weakly magnetic black mineral found in metamorphic and plutonic rocks; an iron titanium oxide in crystalline form; a source of titanium
ilmenite: a weakly magnetic black mineral found in metamorphic and plutonic rocks; an iron titanium oxide in crystalline form; a source of titanium
jadeite
a hard green mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate in monoclinic crystalline form; a source of jade; found principally in Burma
jadeite: a hard green mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate in monoclinic crystalline form; a source of jade; found principally in Burma
kainite
a white mineral consisting of magnesium sulphate and potassium chloride; a source of potassium salts; used as a fertilizer
kainite: a white mineral consisting of magnesium sulphate and potassium chloride; a source of potassium salts; used as a fertilizer
kaolinite
a mineral consisting of aluminum silicate; main source of kaolin
kaolinite: a mineral consisting of aluminum silicate; main source of kaolin
kernite
a light soft mineral consisting of hydrated sodium borate in crystalline form; an important source of boron
kernite: a light soft mineral consisting of hydrated sodium borate in crystalline form; an important source of boron
kieserite
a white mineral consisting of hydrous magnesium sulfate often found in salt mines
kieserite: a white mineral consisting of hydrous magnesium sulfate often found in salt mines
kyanite
a grey or greenish-blue mineral consisting of aluminum silicate in crystalline form; occurs in metaphoric rock, used as a refractory
kyanite: a grey or greenish-blue mineral consisting of aluminum silicate in crystalline form; occurs in metaphoric rock, used as a refractory
lactate
a salt or ester of lactic acid
lactate: a salt or ester of lactic acid
langbeinite
a mineral consisting of potassium magnesium double sulphate; used as a fertilizer
langbeinite: a mineral consisting of potassium magnesium double sulphate; used as a fertilizer
lecithin
a yellow phospholipid essential for the metabolism of fats; found in egg yolk and in many plant and animal cells; used commercially as an emulsifier
lecithin: a yellow phospholipid essential for the metabolism of fats; found in egg yolk and in many plant and animal cells; used commercially as an emulsifier
lepidolite
a mineral of the mica group; an important source of lithium
lepidolite: a mineral of the mica group; an important source of lithium
lepidomelane
a mica that is a biotite containing iron
lepidomelane: a mica that is a biotite containing iron
magnesite
a white mineral consisting of magnesium carbonate; a source of magnesium
magnesite: a white mineral consisting of magnesium carbonate; a source of magnesium
malachite
a green or blue mineral used as an ore of copper and for making ornamental objects
malachite: a green or blue mineral used as an ore of copper and for making ornamental objects
maltha
a thick black tar intermediate between petroleum and asphalt
maltha: a thick black tar intermediate between petroleum and asphalt
manganese_tetroxide
an oxide of manganese found naturally as hausmannite
manganese_tetroxide: an oxide of manganese found naturally as hausmannite
manganite
a black mineral consisting of basic manganese oxide; a source of manganese
manganite: a black mineral consisting of basic manganese oxide; a source of manganese
marl
a loose and crumbling earthy deposit consisting mainly of calcite or dolomite; used as a fertilizer for soils deficient in lime
marl: a loose and crumbling earthy deposit consisting mainly of calcite or dolomite; used as a fertilizer for soils deficient in lime
meerschaum
a white clayey mineral
meerschaum: a white clayey mineral
mica
any of various minerals consisting of hydrous silicates of aluminum or potassium etc. that crystallize in forms that allow perfect cleavage into very thin leaves; used as dielectrics because of their resistance to electricity
mica: any of various minerals consisting of hydrous silicates of aluminum or potassium etc. that crystallize in forms that allow perfect cleavage into very thin leaves; used as dielectrics because of their resistance to electricity
millerite
a yellow mineral consisting of nickel sulfide; a minor source of nickel
millerite: a yellow mineral consisting of nickel sulfide; a minor source of nickel
molecule
(physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound
molecule: (physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound
molybdenite
a mineral resembling graphite that is valued as the chief source of molybdenum and its compounds
molybdenite: a mineral resembling graphite that is valued as the chief source of molybdenum and its compounds
monazite
a reddish-brown mineral containing rare earth metals; an important source of thorium and cerium
monazite: a reddish-brown mineral containing rare earth metals; an important source of thorium and cerium
monomer
a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers
monomer: a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers
muscovite
a colorless or pale brown mica with potassium
muscovite: a colorless or pale brown mica with potassium
nepheline
a whitish mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate or potassium aluminum silicate in crystalline form; used in the manufacture of ceramics and enamels
nepheline: a whitish mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate or potassium aluminum silicate in crystalline form; used in the manufacture of ceramics and enamels
nephelinite
an igneous rock consisting of nepheline and pyroxene
nephelinite: an igneous rock consisting of nepheline and pyroxene
nephrite
an amphibole mineral consisting of calcium magnesium silicate in monoclinic crystalline form; a source of jade that is less valuable than from jadeite; once believed to cure kidney disorders
nephrite: an amphibole mineral consisting of calcium magnesium silicate in monoclinic crystalline form; a source of jade that is less valuable than from jadeite; once believed to cure kidney disorders
niobite
a black mineral that is an ore of niobium and tantalum
niobite: a black mineral that is an ore of niobium and tantalum
nitrocalcite
the mineral form of calcium nitrate
nitrocalcite: the mineral form of calcium nitrate
olivine
a mineral consisting of magnesium iron silicate; a source of magnesium
olivine: a mineral consisting of magnesium iron silicate; a source of magnesium