epanner/MNLP_M3_mcqa_dataset · Datasets at Hugging Face

question stringlengths 1 6.54k	choices listlengths 4 4	answer class label 4 classes
Mr. Mendoza's class studied different body systems. What is an important function of the circulatory system?	[ "providing structural support to muscles", "carrying oxygen to cells", "getting energy from food", "sending messages to the brain" ]	1B
Which example shows a new substance being formed?	[ "a candle burning", "a shoelace being tied", "a pipe being cut in half", "a block of ice melting" ]	0A
What do all mammals have in common that distinguishes them from birds?	[ "eyes", "fur", "a brain", "a heart" ]	1B
Grooves running down the sides of a riverbank are most likely caused by	[ "wind.", "rocks.", "leaves.", "rainwater." ]	3D
Which of the following best describes a mineral?	[ "a solid natural material with a crystal structure", "a material that was once living but has decayed", "a liquid chemical used to make soil more fertile", "a nutrient produced by plants that other organisms need" ]	0A
Plankton are tiny ocean organisms. The role of one type of plankton is to use the energy from the Sun to produce food that other animals eat. Which organism has the same role in the ocean as this type of plankton?	[ "seaweed", "turtle", "dolphin", "crab" ]	0A
How many times does the Moon rotate on its axis during a lunar month?	[ "one", "two", "three", "four" ]	0A
Changes to abiotic factors in an environment can impact biotic factors. Which statement is the BEST example of this situation?	[ "Heavy rainfall increases soil erosion.", "Melting glaciers cause sea levels to rise.", "Cold temperatures cause rocks to weather.", "Drought conditions increase competition among consumers." ]	3D
There are several different types of rock. Each type of rock is formed under different conditions. How are sedimentary rocks, such as shale and sandstone, formed?	[ "Particles are heated by the Sun.", "Particles are melted together by magma.", "Particles are compressed into layers.", "Particles are changed into liquids." ]	2C
Which disease is correctly paired with the cause of the disease?	[ "athlete's foot - fungi", "malaria - viruses", "influenza - bacteria", "pneumonia - protists" ]	0A
Unequal distribution of the hormone auxin in plants helps to regulate the direction of plant growth. Which of the following is accomplished by plants in regulating the distribution of auxin?	[ "pollination of flowers", "transportation of nutrients", "discouraging predation", "responding to the environment" ]	3D
Ten people became sick with the flu after attending a school dance. What is the scenario that could best explain how the people got sick?	[ "contact with environmental sources", "contact with an infected animal", "contact with a contaminated object", "contact with an infected person" ]	3D
One way to protect against food poisoning is to	[ "cook food to proper temperatures.", "combine different types of food.", "store food in glass containers.", "defrost meat slowly on the counter." ]	0A
Which statement is a MAJOR mistake in the experimental design?	[ "A control group was not used.", "The same type of pot and soil was used.", "Each plant received the same amount of water.", "Too much data will be collected in three weeks." ]	0A
Which effect do rapidly cooling temperatures have on the water cycle?	[ "Water droplets evaporate into vapor.", "Water vapor condenses into droplets.", "Condensation evaporates into precipitation.", "Precipitation condenses into water droplets." ]	1B
A researcher found shark fossils on top of a mountain. This evidence suggests which of the following about this region?	[ "It was once below a waterfall.", "It was once part of a riverbed.", "It was once covered by an ocean.", "It was once near a freshwater lake." ]	2C
A student is measuring the distance a car travels down a ramp using yards. Which measurement is most similar in length when using the metric system of measurement?	[ "centimeter", "kilometer", "millimeter", "meter" ]	3D
A marble is dropped in a glass of water. Which force pulls the marble to the bottom of the glass?	[ "electricity", "friction", "gravity", "magnetism" ]	2C
Which scientist formulated rules that describe the observable relationships of plant traits to the traits of the ancestor plants?	[ "Linus Pauling", "Gregor Mendel", "James Watson", "Albert Einstein" ]	1B
The invention of the telescope allowed which of the following to take place?	[ "the discovery of cells", "the identification of weather patterns", "detailed observation of planets", "communication between distant cities" ]	2C
Which instrument should a student use to measure exactly 10 milliliters (mL) of water?	[ "graduated cylinder", "pan balance", "ruler", "thermometer" ]	0A
A gas is heated and its temperature increases. What happens to the gas molecules?	[ "They get bigger.", "They move faster.", "They move slower.", "They increase in number." ]	1B
Which tool is used to measure the diameter of a dime?	[ "ruler", "beaker", "balance", "compass" ]	0A
A rainforest area is experiencing a severe drought. As a consequence, the insect population has decreased. What will the insect-eating birds most likely do as a result of the drought?	[ "stop searching for food until it begins to rain", "begin reproducing to increase population", "move to a new area to find food", "start the process of hibernation" ]	2C
Which unit is used to indicate the amount of energy in food?	[ "ounce", "degree", "calorie", "gram" ]	2C
Wire was looped several times around an iron nail, and the wire's ends were connected to a battery. For which of these will this device most likely be used?	[ "to produce a heat source", "to demonstrate frictional forces", "to create a magnetic field", "to generate a sound wave" ]	2C
Dust and ash entering the atmosphere as a result of volcanic eruptions can affect Earth's	[ "tidal activity", "orbital shape", "weather and climate", "rotation and revolution" ]	2C
During which chemical process is energy absorbed?	[ "iron nails rusting", "candles burning", "vegetables rotting", "plants photosynthesizing" ]	3D
When two nuclei are combined into one nucleus, there is a slight change in mass and the release of a large amount of energy. What is this process called?	[ "conversion", "reaction", "fission", "fusion" ]	3D
The sound, light, and heat that a firecracker produces are originally stored as which type of energy?	[ "nuclear energy", "chemical energy", "electrical energy", "mechanical energy" ]	1B
Vehicle exhaust contains a form of pollution called particulate matter. Technologies are being developed to reduce the amount of particulate matter in exhaust. A vehicle that produces less particulate matter would have the greatest impact on which aspect of human health?	[ "heart health", "respiratory health", "the rate of birth defects", "weight and physical fitness" ]	1B
Janet learns that Earth is tilted. Due to its tilt, some areas on the surface of Earth experience darkness for an entire day. Which plant process is affected most during this darkness?	[ "root growth", "reproduction", "photosynthesis", "water absorption" ]	2C
What types of cells are found only in organisms that reproduce sexually?	[ "blood cells", "neurons", "skin cells", "gametes" ]	3D
Several dinosaur bones are discovered buried in volcanic ash. The type of dinosaur can best be identified by	[ "knowing the location where the fossils were found.", "establishing an inventory of bones collected.", "comparing to characteristics of known dinosaurs.", "knowing the absolute age of the fossils." ]	2C
Stretching is considered an important step before engaging in sports. In an investigation to see whether stretching before physical exertion reduces sports injuries, who would the control group most likely be?	[ "athletes who stretch before working out", "non-athletes who stretch before working out", "athletes who do not stretch before working out", "non-athletes who do not stretch before working out" ]	2C
In the first half of this century, which technology allowed people, for the first time, to work IN the city but live OUTSIDE the city?	[ "airplanes", "automobiles", "telephones", "television" ]	1B
Most sedimentary rock is made from sediments of other rock. Which of these processes would the sediments most likely go through to form sedimentary rock?	[ "compaction and cementation", "folding and recrystallization", "melting and solidifying", "heating and pressure" ]	0A
Rocks and Earth and on the Moon are made of similar materials. What does this observation most likely suggest?	[ "Both the Moon and Earth split off from the Sun.", "Life must have existed on the Moon at one time.", "The Moon was probably formed from material from Earth.", "The whole solar system is made up of the same kinds of rocks." ]	2C
In any ecosystem, organisms interact with biotic and abiotic parts of the environment. As a result of all of the interactions, the matter within the system is	[ "produced when plants grow.", "recycled when organisms die.", "lost when animals and plants die.", "formed when new animals are born." ]	1B
Data indicate that chemical pollutants contaminate 53% of the waterways that empty into the Chesapeake Bay. These chemical pollutants are found in the tissues of animals living in the bay. Which group of people who live away from the bay might be most affected by these chemical pollutants?	[ "people who walk near the bay", "people who read books about the bay", "people who consume fish from the bay", "people who own boats docked in the bay" ]	2C
Which behavior can help animals establish a territory?	[ "A caribou herd migrates seasonally.", "A scent trail leads ants to a food source.", "A wolf pack howls to warn other wolves to stay away.", "A honeybee society divides the work between its members." ]	2C
Arteries and veins are two important parts of the circulatory system. What is the relationship between arteries and veins?	[ "They work together to exchange gases.", "They work together to transport nutrients.", "They work independently to remove wastes.", "They work independently to relay messages." ]	1B
Which function is a role of a feedback system?	[ "stimulation of appetite", "identification of gender", "determination of blood type", "regulation of growth in the skeletal system" ]	3D
Which technique will researchers studying the inheritance patterns of various disorders most likely use?	[ "cladogram", "DNA fingerprinting", "gel electrophoresis", "chromosomal analysis" ]	3D
If a lake is polluted, which organism would most likely accumulate the highest concentration of contaminants?	[ "bass", "minnows", "aquatic plants", "fish-eating birds" ]	3D
Which of these can only be found in a plant cell?	[ "a nucleus", "a vacuole", "a chloroplast", "a mitochondrion" ]	2C
The Milky Way Galaxy is visible as a bright region in the night sky. Modern telescopic observation has made it possible to discover that the brightness of the Milky Way Galaxy is due primarily to which structure?	[ "clouds of hot gas", "large numbers of stars", "high energy compounds", "extremely reflective ice particles" ]	1B
More sulfur dioxide is being added to the atmosphere. How will this most likely affect the hydrosphere?	[ "There will be a decrease in sea level.", "The acidity of the ocean will increase.", "There will be an increase in fresh water.", "The temperature of the oceans will decline." ]	1B
Plants transform energy when they make their own food. Which type of energy is used by plants for making food?	[ "electrical", "heat", "light", "mechanical" ]	2C
Dominic placed a caterpillar in a container with different kinds of leaves. Which information should he record to find out what food this caterpillar eats?	[ "the type of leaves the caterpillar has eaten", "the amount of time for all the leaves to be eaten", "the number of leaves that were put in the container", "the number of minutes the caterpillar spends eating" ]	0A
Which class of elements best conducts electricity?	[ "metals", "nonmetals", "semimetals", "noble (inert) gases" ]	0A
What are the products in the chemical reaction below? NaOH + HCl -> NaCl + H_{2}O	[ "sodium hydroxide and hydrogen chloride", "sodium chloride and water", "sodium, chlorine, hydrogen, and oxygen", "sodium, chlorine, and water" ]	1B
Termites eat wood but cannot digest it. Protozoans live in the termites' stomachs and use enzymes to break down the wood. The digested wood provides nutrition for both the termites and the protozoans. What type of relationship is this?	[ "mutualism", "parasitism", "predation", "commensalism" ]	0A
In the Adirondack forests of New York, some trees have died. The change in the forest is thought to be related to air pollution and rain. Which abiotic factor most likely has been changed as a result of the pollution and rain which resulted in the death of the trees?	[ "a decrease in the amount of available oxygen", "an increase in the amount of sunlight", "a decrease in the pH of the soil", "an increase in soil nutrients" ]	2C
The first step in the construction of a building typically involves	[ "clearing the land.", "setting the foundation.", "servicing the structure.", "installing utilities." ]	0A
What biological concept was Mendel studying when he crossed pea plants many times over many generations?	[ "imbalance in ecosystems", "predator-prey relationships", "dominant and recessive traits", "male and female genetic differences" ]	2C
The following represents a number displayed on a calculator. 1.454545 E3. Which of the following shows how a student should record this number in a laboratory report?	[ "(1.45)^3", "1 5/11", "1.45 x 10^3", "1.45 x 3" ]	2C
In which process is nitrogen from the air put into a form that plants can use?	[ "nitrification", "denitrification", "nitrogen saturation", "nitrogen fixation" ]	3D
The surface of the Moon is covered with craters. Most of these craters were formed by	[ "eruptions of active volcanoes", "the impacts of many meteoroids", "shifting rock on the Moon's surface (\"moonquakes\")", "tidal forces caused by the Earth and Sun" ]	1B
Which event would most likely occur if the number of nitrogen fixing bacteria were reduced within an ecosystem?	[ "plants would have more nitrates to take up", "plants and animals would decompose faster", "high levels of ammonia would accumulate in the soil", "the level of nitrogen gas in the atmosphere would increase" ]	3D
Census data show that the human population doubled from 2.65 billion in 1953 to 5.3 billion in 1990. If it continues to double at this rate, the human population could reach 10 billion by the year 2020. Which best explains how this rate of human growth can harm the environment on which humans depend?	[ "by gradually making up more available energy", "by using resources faster than they can be replaced", "by changing how matter cycles through an ecosystem", "by increasing the variety of ecosystems that are supported" ]	1B
Bats find their prey at night using one of their senses to detect echoes. What does the bat send out to find prey?	[ "odors", "light", "sound", "electricity" ]	2C
Which two objects produce their own light?	[ "candle and moon", "moon and mirror", "sun and candle", "mirror and sun" ]	2C
Which example describes an organism taking in nutrients?	[ "a dog burying a bone", "a girl eating an apple", "an insect crawling on a leaf", "a boy planting tomatoes in a garden" ]	1B
In eukaryotic organisms, interaction between which organelles is most important for cell shape, tensile strength, and communication between cells?	[ "cytoskeleton and cell membrane", "cytoplasm and Golgi apparatus", "nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum", "ribosome and central vacuole" ]	0A
A radio station broadcasting across a large area is experiencing thunderstorms. How will the radio waves from the station be affected?	[ "wavelength will be increased", "amplitude will be unchanged", "frequency will be distorted", "speed will be decreased" ]	2C
An electrical circuit can be used to break down water into hydrogen and oxygen. In this process, electrical energy produces	[ "kinetic energy.", "physical changes.", "chemical changes.", "potential energy." ]	2C
Which method could be used to separate a solution of table salt and water?	[ "mixing", "settling", "filtration", "evaporation" ]	3D
Which is an example of light being reflected?	[ "taking a picture", "using a magnifying glass", "looking into a mirror", "using eyeglasses" ]	2C
What is the MAJOR role of the Sun in the water cycle?	[ "It causes evaporation.", "It allows plants to grow.", "It provides heat for organisms.", "It transmits light." ]	0A
Which activity is an example of a chemical change?	[ "dissolving table salt in water", "hammering aluminum into thin sheets", "melting gold to make jewelry", "burning wood to produce ashes" ]	3D
A city has a temperature of 75 °F, with partly cloudy skies. Weather forecasters are predicting that the air pressure and temperature will drop during the day. Which type of weather is most likely for this area in the late afternoon?	[ "rainy.", "sunny.", "snowing.", "hailing." ]	0A
In Maryland, most bears have thick, dark fur. Which statement best explains how dark fur helps bears survive in the forests of Maryland?	[ "Dark fur is lightweight.", "Dark fur scares enemies.", "Dark fur helps bears hide.", "Dark fur keeps bears cool." ]	2C
Nicole was studying different ecosystems. She compared the number of plants living in a forest to those in a desert. Which factor best explains why more plants may survive in a forest?	[ "There is more rain in the forest.", "There is more oxygen in the forest.", "There is more sunlight in the forest.", "There is more competition in the forest." ]	0A
A short plant with a thick, fleshy stem, extensive roots, and a short blooming period would most likely be found in which of the following environments?	[ "prairie", "desert", "coniferous forest", "deciduous forest" ]	1B
What happens when oil is placed in water?	[ "Some oil sinks below the surface.", "Oil droplets form in the water.", "The oil and water mix together.", "The oil floats on top of the water." ]	3D
A decomposer is an organism that	[ "hunts and eats animals", "migrates for the winter", "breaks down dead plants and animals", "uses water and sunlight to make food" ]	2C
Which of the following correctly orders part of a fish's respiratory system from the least complex to most complex?	[ "cells -> gills -> tissues", "cells -> tissues -> gills", "gills -> tissues -> cells", "tissues -> gills -> cells" ]	1B
Most birds sit on their eggs until they hatch. Which of these is the most important reason why birds sit on their eggs?	[ "to keep the eggs inside the nest", "to keep the eggs warm", "to protect the eggs from the wind", "to protect the eggs from the rain" ]	1B
A lab technician places a colony of bacterial cells in a nutrient-rich growth medium. Which event is the technician most likely to observe with a microscope?	[ "cell division", "cellular respiration", "heat production", "food storage" ]	0A
When sound waves with large amplitude are compared to sound waves with small amplitude, which of the following is true?	[ "Sound waves with large amplitudes have less energy and sound quieter.", "Sound waves with large amplitudes have more energy and sound louder.", "Sound waves with large amplitudes have the same energy and sound quieter.", "Sound waves with large amplitudes have the same energy and sound louder." ]	1B
Vinegar and water are placed in a container and stirred. What is formed when they are mixed?	[ "gas", "solid", "solution", "compound" ]	2C
Which of the following best describes the climate of an area?	[ "the high temperature and wind speed for six months", "the high temperature and wind speed each day for one year", "the temperature and precipitation every hour for one day", "the average temperature and total precipitation each month for ten years" ]	3D
Salt and pepper are placed together in a container. When the container is shaken, the salt and pepper become a	[ "liquid.", "mixture.", "solution.", "suspension." ]	1B
All natural resources on Earth are either renewable or nonrenewable. Whether a resource is renewable or nonrenewable depends on how fast or slow the resource is replaced. If the resource is used faster than it is replaced, then the resource will, in time, disappear. Which statement describes the use of a renewable natural resource?	[ "A home burns natural gas for heat.", "A city burns coal to generate electricity.", "A farmer plants different types of crops to protect the soil.", "A construction crew builds a road from rock, sand, and gravel." ]	2C
Which of the following statements best explains why earthquakes occur more frequently in California than in Massachusetts?	[ "The rock found in California is igneous, but the rock found in Massachusetts is sedimentary.", "California is located on the boundary of two crustal plates, but Massachusetts is not.", "The rock under California is soft, but the rock under Massachusetts is hard.", "California is located on a continental plate, but Massachusetts is not." ]	1B
Which of these describes a chemical change?	[ "water freezing", "paper burning", "water becoming steam", "paper being torn" ]	1B
A large tree was cut down with a saw. What is the best way to estimate the age of this tree?	[ "measure the height of the tree", "measure the thickness of the bark", "count the number of rings in the trunk", "count the branches growing from the trunk" ]	2C
From smallest to largest, the levels of organization in living things are	[ "tissues, cells, organs, organ systems.", "tissues, cells, organ systems, organs.", "cells, tissues, organs, organ systems.", "cells, tissues, organ systems, organs." ]	2C
Which object is nonliving?	[ "bear", "bicycle", "bird", "butterfly" ]	1B
What happens when oil and water are mixed?	[ "The mixture changes color.", "The water becomes cloudy.", "The oil dissolves in the water.", "The oil and water remain separate." ]	3D
Students measure the time for toy cars of different masses to roll down a hill. Which of the following units should the students use to measure time?	[ "centimeters", "grams", "milliliters", "seconds" ]	3D
A homeowner wants to use a renewable resource to heat the home. Which resource would be the best to use?	[ "coal", "gas", "oil", "solar" ]	3D
Which of the following animal features most helps the animal move around in its habitat?	[ "A bird's sharp beak", "A cow's tail", "A sea turtle's flippers", "A black bear's fur" ]	2C
A student observes cells in an object by using a microscope. The student thinks that the object was part of a living thing. Which statement explains why cell theory can be used to support the student's thinking?	[ "Cell theory was developed using a microscope.", "Cell theory was developed to study living things.", "Cell theory states that all living things are made of cells.", "Cell theory states that scientists may classify things as living or nonliving." ]	2C
A researcher observes that an organism placed in a glass container filled with water moves away when a penlight is focused on the container. The researcher concludes that the organism is light sensitive. Which other explanation for the organism's response to the light is most possible?	[ "The organism avoids radio waves.", "The organism avoids gamma rays.", "The organism moves away from vibrations.", "The organism moves away from heat sources." ]	3D
Which behavior is an example of an animal adapting to a change in the environment?	[ "a squirrel climbing a tree", "a rabbit feeding its young", "a frog eating an insect", "a bird migrating south" ]	3D
Mitochondria are cell organelles that play a large role in energy processes within the body. Which cells are most likely to have a greater amount of mitochondria?	[ "skin", "bone", "blood", "muscle" ]	3D
Which would be the best method to use to dispose of cardboard boxes not utilized by a local grocery store?	[ "burn them once a month", "send them to be dumped in a remote area", "have them recycled for future paper products", "put them into a dumpster with the rest of the trash" ]	2C
Which item is used for protection from chemical splashing?	[ "compass", "hand lens", "microscope", "safety goggles" ]	3D

Mr. Mendoza's class studied different body systems. What is an important function of the circulatory system?

[ "providing structural support to muscles", "carrying oxygen to cells", "getting energy from food", "sending messages to the brain" ]

1B

Which example shows a new substance being formed?

[ "a candle burning", "a shoelace being tied", "a pipe being cut in half", "a block of ice melting" ]

0A

What do all mammals have in common that distinguishes them from birds?

[ "eyes", "fur", "a brain", "a heart" ]

1B

Grooves running down the sides of a riverbank are most likely caused by

[ "wind.", "rocks.", "leaves.", "rainwater." ]

3D

Which of the following best describes a mineral?

[ "a solid natural material with a crystal structure", "a material that was once living but has decayed", "a liquid chemical used to make soil more fertile", "a nutrient produced by plants that other organisms need" ]

0A

Plankton are tiny ocean organisms. The role of one type of plankton is to use the energy from the Sun to produce food that other animals eat. Which organism has the same role in the ocean as this type of plankton?

[ "seaweed", "turtle", "dolphin", "crab" ]

0A

How many times does the Moon rotate on its axis during a lunar month?

[ "one", "two", "three", "four" ]

0A

Changes to abiotic factors in an environment can impact biotic factors. Which statement is the BEST example of this situation?

[ "Heavy rainfall increases soil erosion.", "Melting glaciers cause sea levels to rise.", "Cold temperatures cause rocks to weather.", "Drought conditions increase competition among consumers." ]

3D

There are several different types of rock. Each type of rock is formed under different conditions. How are sedimentary rocks, such as shale and sandstone, formed?

[ "Particles are heated by the Sun.", "Particles are melted together by magma.", "Particles are compressed into layers.", "Particles are changed into liquids." ]

2C

Which disease is correctly paired with the cause of the disease?

[ "athlete's foot - fungi", "malaria - viruses", "influenza - bacteria", "pneumonia - protists" ]

0A

Unequal distribution of the hormone auxin in plants helps to regulate the direction of plant growth. Which of the following is accomplished by plants in regulating the distribution of auxin?

[ "pollination of flowers", "transportation of nutrients", "discouraging predation", "responding to the environment" ]

3D

Ten people became sick with the flu after attending a school dance. What is the scenario that could best explain how the people got sick?

[ "contact with environmental sources", "contact with an infected animal", "contact with a contaminated object", "contact with an infected person" ]

3D

One way to protect against food poisoning is to

[ "cook food to proper temperatures.", "combine different types of food.", "store food in glass containers.", "defrost meat slowly on the counter." ]

0A

Which statement is a MAJOR mistake in the experimental design?

[ "A control group was not used.", "The same type of pot and soil was used.", "Each plant received the same amount of water.", "Too much data will be collected in three weeks." ]

0A

Which effect do rapidly cooling temperatures have on the water cycle?

[ "Water droplets evaporate into vapor.", "Water vapor condenses into droplets.", "Condensation evaporates into precipitation.", "Precipitation condenses into water droplets." ]

1B

A researcher found shark fossils on top of a mountain. This evidence suggests which of the following about this region?

[ "It was once below a waterfall.", "It was once part of a riverbed.", "It was once covered by an ocean.", "It was once near a freshwater lake." ]

2C

A student is measuring the distance a car travels down a ramp using yards. Which measurement is most similar in length when using the metric system of measurement?

[ "centimeter", "kilometer", "millimeter", "meter" ]

3D

A marble is dropped in a glass of water. Which force pulls the marble to the bottom of the glass?

[ "electricity", "friction", "gravity", "magnetism" ]

2C

Which scientist formulated rules that describe the observable relationships of plant traits to the traits of the ancestor plants?

[ "Linus Pauling", "Gregor Mendel", "James Watson", "Albert Einstein" ]

1B

The invention of the telescope allowed which of the following to take place?

[ "the discovery of cells", "the identification of weather patterns", "detailed observation of planets", "communication between distant cities" ]

2C

Which instrument should a student use to measure exactly 10 milliliters (mL) of water?

[ "graduated cylinder", "pan balance", "ruler", "thermometer" ]

0A

A gas is heated and its temperature increases. What happens to the gas molecules?

[ "They get bigger.", "They move faster.", "They move slower.", "They increase in number." ]

1B

Which tool is used to measure the diameter of a dime?

[ "ruler", "beaker", "balance", "compass" ]

0A

A rainforest area is experiencing a severe drought. As a consequence, the insect population has decreased. What will the insect-eating birds most likely do as a result of the drought?

[ "stop searching for food until it begins to rain", "begin reproducing to increase population", "move to a new area to find food", "start the process of hibernation" ]

2C

Which unit is used to indicate the amount of energy in food?

[ "ounce", "degree", "calorie", "gram" ]

2C

Wire was looped several times around an iron nail, and the wire's ends were connected to a battery. For which of these will this device most likely be used?

[ "to produce a heat source", "to demonstrate frictional forces", "to create a magnetic field", "to generate a sound wave" ]

2C

Dust and ash entering the atmosphere as a result of volcanic eruptions can affect Earth's

[ "tidal activity", "orbital shape", "weather and climate", "rotation and revolution" ]

2C

During which chemical process is energy absorbed?

[ "iron nails rusting", "candles burning", "vegetables rotting", "plants photosynthesizing" ]

3D

When two nuclei are combined into one nucleus, there is a slight change in mass and the release of a large amount of energy. What is this process called?

[ "conversion", "reaction", "fission", "fusion" ]

3D

The sound, light, and heat that a firecracker produces are originally stored as which type of energy?

[ "nuclear energy", "chemical energy", "electrical energy", "mechanical energy" ]

1B

Vehicle exhaust contains a form of pollution called particulate matter. Technologies are being developed to reduce the amount of particulate matter in exhaust. A vehicle that produces less particulate matter would have the greatest impact on which aspect of human health?

[ "heart health", "respiratory health", "the rate of birth defects", "weight and physical fitness" ]

1B

Janet learns that Earth is tilted. Due to its tilt, some areas on the surface of Earth experience darkness for an entire day. Which plant process is affected most during this darkness?

[ "root growth", "reproduction", "photosynthesis", "water absorption" ]

2C

What types of cells are found only in organisms that reproduce sexually?

[ "blood cells", "neurons", "skin cells", "gametes" ]

3D

Several dinosaur bones are discovered buried in volcanic ash. The type of dinosaur can best be identified by

[ "knowing the location where the fossils were found.", "establishing an inventory of bones collected.", "comparing to characteristics of known dinosaurs.", "knowing the absolute age of the fossils." ]

2C

Stretching is considered an important step before engaging in sports. In an investigation to see whether stretching before physical exertion reduces sports injuries, who would the control group most likely be?

[ "athletes who stretch before working out", "non-athletes who stretch before working out", "athletes who do not stretch before working out", "non-athletes who do not stretch before working out" ]

2C

In the first half of this century, which technology allowed people, for the first time, to work IN the city but live OUTSIDE the city?

[ "airplanes", "automobiles", "telephones", "television" ]

1B

Most sedimentary rock is made from sediments of other rock. Which of these processes would the sediments most likely go through to form sedimentary rock?

[ "compaction and cementation", "folding and recrystallization", "melting and solidifying", "heating and pressure" ]

0A

Rocks and Earth and on the Moon are made of similar materials. What does this observation most likely suggest?

[ "Both the Moon and Earth split off from the Sun.", "Life must have existed on the Moon at one time.", "The Moon was probably formed from material from Earth.", "The whole solar system is made up of the same kinds of rocks." ]

2C

In any ecosystem, organisms interact with biotic and abiotic parts of the environment. As a result of all of the interactions, the matter within the system is

[ "produced when plants grow.", "recycled when organisms die.", "lost when animals and plants die.", "formed when new animals are born." ]

1B

Data indicate that chemical pollutants contaminate 53% of the waterways that empty into the Chesapeake Bay. These chemical pollutants are found in the tissues of animals living in the bay. Which group of people who live away from the bay might be most affected by these chemical pollutants?

[ "people who walk near the bay", "people who read books about the bay", "people who consume fish from the bay", "people who own boats docked in the bay" ]

2C

Which behavior can help animals establish a territory?

[ "A caribou herd migrates seasonally.", "A scent trail leads ants to a food source.", "A wolf pack howls to warn other wolves to stay away.", "A honeybee society divides the work between its members." ]

2C

Arteries and veins are two important parts of the circulatory system. What is the relationship between arteries and veins?

[ "They work together to exchange gases.", "They work together to transport nutrients.", "They work independently to remove wastes.", "They work independently to relay messages." ]

1B

Which function is a role of a feedback system?

[ "stimulation of appetite", "identification of gender", "determination of blood type", "regulation of growth in the skeletal system" ]

3D

Which technique will researchers studying the inheritance patterns of various disorders most likely use?

[ "cladogram", "DNA fingerprinting", "gel electrophoresis", "chromosomal analysis" ]

3D

If a lake is polluted, which organism would most likely accumulate the highest concentration of contaminants?

[ "bass", "minnows", "aquatic plants", "fish-eating birds" ]

3D

Which of these can only be found in a plant cell?

[ "a nucleus", "a vacuole", "a chloroplast", "a mitochondrion" ]

2C

The Milky Way Galaxy is visible as a bright region in the night sky. Modern telescopic observation has made it possible to discover that the brightness of the Milky Way Galaxy is due primarily to which structure?

[ "clouds of hot gas", "large numbers of stars", "high energy compounds", "extremely reflective ice particles" ]

1B

More sulfur dioxide is being added to the atmosphere. How will this most likely affect the hydrosphere?

[ "There will be a decrease in sea level.", "The acidity of the ocean will increase.", "There will be an increase in fresh water.", "The temperature of the oceans will decline." ]

1B

Plants transform energy when they make their own food. Which type of energy is used by plants for making food?

[ "electrical", "heat", "light", "mechanical" ]

2C

Dominic placed a caterpillar in a container with different kinds of leaves. Which information should he record to find out what food this caterpillar eats?

[ "the type of leaves the caterpillar has eaten", "the amount of time for all the leaves to be eaten", "the number of leaves that were put in the container", "the number of minutes the caterpillar spends eating" ]

0A

Which class of elements best conducts electricity?

[ "metals", "nonmetals", "semimetals", "noble (inert) gases" ]

0A

What are the products in the chemical reaction below? NaOH + HCl -> NaCl + H_{2}O

[ "sodium hydroxide and hydrogen chloride", "sodium chloride and water", "sodium, chlorine, hydrogen, and oxygen", "sodium, chlorine, and water" ]

1B

Termites eat wood but cannot digest it. Protozoans live in the termites' stomachs and use enzymes to break down the wood. The digested wood provides nutrition for both the termites and the protozoans. What type of relationship is this?

[ "mutualism", "parasitism", "predation", "commensalism" ]

0A

In the Adirondack forests of New York, some trees have died. The change in the forest is thought to be related to air pollution and rain. Which abiotic factor most likely has been changed as a result of the pollution and rain which resulted in the death of the trees?

[ "a decrease in the amount of available oxygen", "an increase in the amount of sunlight", "a decrease in the pH of the soil", "an increase in soil nutrients" ]

2C

The first step in the construction of a building typically involves

[ "clearing the land.", "setting the foundation.", "servicing the structure.", "installing utilities." ]

0A

What biological concept was Mendel studying when he crossed pea plants many times over many generations?

[ "imbalance in ecosystems", "predator-prey relationships", "dominant and recessive traits", "male and female genetic differences" ]

2C

The following represents a number displayed on a calculator. 1.454545 E3. Which of the following shows how a student should record this number in a laboratory report?

[ "(1.45)^3", "1 5/11", "1.45 x 10^3", "1.45 x 3" ]

2C

In which process is nitrogen from the air put into a form that plants can use?

[ "nitrification", "denitrification", "nitrogen saturation", "nitrogen fixation" ]

3D

The surface of the Moon is covered with craters. Most of these craters were formed by

[ "eruptions of active volcanoes", "the impacts of many meteoroids", "shifting rock on the Moon's surface (\"moonquakes\")", "tidal forces caused by the Earth and Sun" ]

1B

Which event would most likely occur if the number of nitrogen fixing bacteria were reduced within an ecosystem?

[ "plants would have more nitrates to take up", "plants and animals would decompose faster", "high levels of ammonia would accumulate in the soil", "the level of nitrogen gas in the atmosphere would increase" ]

3D

Census data show that the human population doubled from 2.65 billion in 1953 to 5.3 billion in 1990. If it continues to double at this rate, the human population could reach 10 billion by the year 2020. Which best explains how this rate of human growth can harm the environment on which humans depend?

[ "by gradually making up more available energy", "by using resources faster than they can be replaced", "by changing how matter cycles through an ecosystem", "by increasing the variety of ecosystems that are supported" ]

1B

Bats find their prey at night using one of their senses to detect echoes. What does the bat send out to find prey?

[ "odors", "light", "sound", "electricity" ]

2C

Which two objects produce their own light?

[ "candle and moon", "moon and mirror", "sun and candle", "mirror and sun" ]

2C

Which example describes an organism taking in nutrients?

[ "a dog burying a bone", "a girl eating an apple", "an insect crawling on a leaf", "a boy planting tomatoes in a garden" ]

1B

In eukaryotic organisms, interaction between which organelles is most important for cell shape, tensile strength, and communication between cells?

[ "cytoskeleton and cell membrane", "cytoplasm and Golgi apparatus", "nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum", "ribosome and central vacuole" ]

0A

A radio station broadcasting across a large area is experiencing thunderstorms. How will the radio waves from the station be affected?

[ "wavelength will be increased", "amplitude will be unchanged", "frequency will be distorted", "speed will be decreased" ]

2C

An electrical circuit can be used to break down water into hydrogen and oxygen. In this process, electrical energy produces

[ "kinetic energy.", "physical changes.", "chemical changes.", "potential energy." ]

2C

Which method could be used to separate a solution of table salt and water?

[ "mixing", "settling", "filtration", "evaporation" ]

3D

Which is an example of light being reflected?

[ "taking a picture", "using a magnifying glass", "looking into a mirror", "using eyeglasses" ]

2C

What is the MAJOR role of the Sun in the water cycle?

[ "It causes evaporation.", "It allows plants to grow.", "It provides heat for organisms.", "It transmits light." ]

0A

Which activity is an example of a chemical change?

[ "dissolving table salt in water", "hammering aluminum into thin sheets", "melting gold to make jewelry", "burning wood to produce ashes" ]

3D

A city has a temperature of 75 °F, with partly cloudy skies. Weather forecasters are predicting that the air pressure and temperature will drop during the day. Which type of weather is most likely for this area in the late afternoon?

[ "rainy.", "sunny.", "snowing.", "hailing." ]

0A

In Maryland, most bears have thick, dark fur. Which statement best explains how dark fur helps bears survive in the forests of Maryland?

[ "Dark fur is lightweight.", "Dark fur scares enemies.", "Dark fur helps bears hide.", "Dark fur keeps bears cool." ]

2C

Nicole was studying different ecosystems. She compared the number of plants living in a forest to those in a desert. Which factor best explains why more plants may survive in a forest?

[ "There is more rain in the forest.", "There is more oxygen in the forest.", "There is more sunlight in the forest.", "There is more competition in the forest." ]

0A

A short plant with a thick, fleshy stem, extensive roots, and a short blooming period would most likely be found in which of the following environments?

[ "prairie", "desert", "coniferous forest", "deciduous forest" ]

1B

What happens when oil is placed in water?

[ "Some oil sinks below the surface.", "Oil droplets form in the water.", "The oil and water mix together.", "The oil floats on top of the water." ]

3D

A decomposer is an organism that

[ "hunts and eats animals", "migrates for the winter", "breaks down dead plants and animals", "uses water and sunlight to make food" ]

2C

Which of the following correctly orders part of a fish's respiratory system from the least complex to most complex?

[ "cells -> gills -> tissues", "cells -> tissues -> gills", "gills -> tissues -> cells", "tissues -> gills -> cells" ]

1B

Most birds sit on their eggs until they hatch. Which of these is the most important reason why birds sit on their eggs?

[ "to keep the eggs inside the nest", "to keep the eggs warm", "to protect the eggs from the wind", "to protect the eggs from the rain" ]

1B

A lab technician places a colony of bacterial cells in a nutrient-rich growth medium. Which event is the technician most likely to observe with a microscope?

[ "cell division", "cellular respiration", "heat production", "food storage" ]

0A

When sound waves with large amplitude are compared to sound waves with small amplitude, which of the following is true?

[ "Sound waves with large amplitudes have less energy and sound quieter.", "Sound waves with large amplitudes have more energy and sound louder.", "Sound waves with large amplitudes have the same energy and sound quieter.", "Sound waves with large amplitudes have the same energy and sound louder." ]

1B

Vinegar and water are placed in a container and stirred. What is formed when they are mixed?

[ "gas", "solid", "solution", "compound" ]

2C

Which of the following best describes the climate of an area?

[ "the high temperature and wind speed for six months", "the high temperature and wind speed each day for one year", "the temperature and precipitation every hour for one day", "the average temperature and total precipitation each month for ten years" ]

3D

Salt and pepper are placed together in a container. When the container is shaken, the salt and pepper become a

[ "liquid.", "mixture.", "solution.", "suspension." ]

1B

All natural resources on Earth are either renewable or nonrenewable. Whether a resource is renewable or nonrenewable depends on how fast or slow the resource is replaced. If the resource is used faster than it is replaced, then the resource will, in time, disappear. Which statement describes the use of a renewable natural resource?

[ "A home burns natural gas for heat.", "A city burns coal to generate electricity.", "A farmer plants different types of crops to protect the soil.", "A construction crew builds a road from rock, sand, and gravel." ]

2C

Which of the following statements best explains why earthquakes occur more frequently in California than in Massachusetts?

[ "The rock found in California is igneous, but the rock found in Massachusetts is sedimentary.", "California is located on the boundary of two crustal plates, but Massachusetts is not.", "The rock under California is soft, but the rock under Massachusetts is hard.", "California is located on a continental plate, but Massachusetts is not." ]

1B

Which of these describes a chemical change?

[ "water freezing", "paper burning", "water becoming steam", "paper being torn" ]

1B

A large tree was cut down with a saw. What is the best way to estimate the age of this tree?

[ "measure the height of the tree", "measure the thickness of the bark", "count the number of rings in the trunk", "count the branches growing from the trunk" ]

2C

From smallest to largest, the levels of organization in living things are

[ "tissues, cells, organs, organ systems.", "tissues, cells, organ systems, organs.", "cells, tissues, organs, organ systems.", "cells, tissues, organ systems, organs." ]

2C

Which object is nonliving?

[ "bear", "bicycle", "bird", "butterfly" ]

1B

What happens when oil and water are mixed?

[ "The mixture changes color.", "The water becomes cloudy.", "The oil dissolves in the water.", "The oil and water remain separate." ]

3D

Students measure the time for toy cars of different masses to roll down a hill. Which of the following units should the students use to measure time?

[ "centimeters", "grams", "milliliters", "seconds" ]

3D

A homeowner wants to use a renewable resource to heat the home. Which resource would be the best to use?

[ "coal", "gas", "oil", "solar" ]

3D

Which of the following animal features most helps the animal move around in its habitat?

[ "A bird's sharp beak", "A cow's tail", "A sea turtle's flippers", "A black bear's fur" ]

2C

A student observes cells in an object by using a microscope. The student thinks that the object was part of a living thing. Which statement explains why cell theory can be used to support the student's thinking?

[ "Cell theory was developed using a microscope.", "Cell theory was developed to study living things.", "Cell theory states that all living things are made of cells.", "Cell theory states that scientists may classify things as living or nonliving." ]

2C

A researcher observes that an organism placed in a glass container filled with water moves away when a penlight is focused on the container. The researcher concludes that the organism is light sensitive. Which other explanation for the organism's response to the light is most possible?

[ "The organism avoids radio waves.", "The organism avoids gamma rays.", "The organism moves away from vibrations.", "The organism moves away from heat sources." ]

3D

Which behavior is an example of an animal adapting to a change in the environment?

[ "a squirrel climbing a tree", "a rabbit feeding its young", "a frog eating an insect", "a bird migrating south" ]

3D

Mitochondria are cell organelles that play a large role in energy processes within the body. Which cells are most likely to have a greater amount of mitochondria?

[ "skin", "bone", "blood", "muscle" ]

3D

Which would be the best method to use to dispose of cardboard boxes not utilized by a local grocery store?

[ "burn them once a month", "send them to be dumped in a remote area", "have them recycled for future paper products", "put them into a dumpster with the rest of the trash" ]

2C

Which item is used for protection from chemical splashing?

[ "compass", "hand lens", "microscope", "safety goggles" ]

3D