epanner/MNLP_M3_mcqa_dataset · Datasets at Hugging Face

question stringlengths 1 6.54k	choices listlengths 4 4	answer class label 4 classes
Some schools have programs to recycle paper products such as student papers, newspapers, and cardboard boxes. Which of these statements describes a positive effect of recycling paper products?	[ "Schools need to buy less paper.", "Fewer trees need to be cut.", "Landfills have less room for other trash.", "Recycling consumes more energy than making new paper." ]	1B
Light sometimes behaves as waves and other times as particles. Which property of light is equally explainable by treating light as either particles or waves?	[ "interference of light", "reflection of light", "diffraction of light", "polarization of light" ]	1B
The topography of Nevada is dominated by basins and mountain ranges associated with which geological phenomena?	[ "faults", "trenches", "hot spots", "hydrothermal vents" ]	0A
Which biological activity occurs in a repeated rhythm?	[ "sneezing", "coughing", "breathing", "blinking" ]	2C
Which model best illustrates the wave property that enables scientists to explore Earth's interior using seismic waves?	[ "shining a light on rock in a bowl", "shining a light through a prism", "shining a light through a periscope", "shining a light on a sundial" ]	1B
In 1933, a hurricane came ashore at Ocean City, Maryland. A hurricane negatively affects a coastline by	[ "causing erosion", "causing earthquakes", "increasing food production", "increasing the growth of grasses" ]	0A
Which statement describes the location of our Sun in the universe?	[ "Our Sun orbits Earth in the Andromeda galaxy.", "Our Sun orbits Earth in the Milky Way galaxy.", "Our Sun is the center of a solar system in the Milky Way galaxy.", "Our Sun is the center of a solar system in the Andromeda galaxy." ]	2C
Scientists claim that the area around the Grand Canyon was once covered by an ocean. What evidence would support their claim?	[ "Dinosaur footprints were found near the Grand Canyon.", "Fish were found living in the rivers of the Grand Canyon.", "Fossils of ocean animals were found at the Grand Canyon.", "Bones from desert animals were found at the Grand Canyon." ]	2C
Which is true of scientific discoveries?	[ "All scientific discoveries are based solely on observation and never experimentation.", "Sometimes scientific discoveries are made by accident, like the discovery of penicillin.", "If a scientist cannot provide the exact time and place his or her discovery was made, it is dismissed.", "All scientific discoveries are regulated by government agencies, like the Food and Drug Administration." ]	1B
Which is a process that most likely formed the Appalachian Mountains found in the eastern part of North America?	[ "earthquake", "folded rock", "plate tectonics", "volcanic activity" ]	2C
Which technology used to generate electrical power involves a trade-off between economical electricity and long-term waste disposal problems?	[ "fossil fuel", "nuclear reactor", "solar collector", "wind turbine" ]	1B
All the ponds in an area dried up during a drought. The population of which of the following animals that live in the area is most affected by the drought?	[ "deer", "frog", "hawk", "squirrel" ]	1B
Which substance is usually found in nature as a liquid, solid, and gas?	[ "water", "rock", "metal", "glass" ]	0A
The scientific name for a giraffe is Giraffa camelopardalis. What two levels of classification does this name represent?	[ "family and order", "kingdom and genus", "phylum and domain", "genus and species" ]	3D
The Moon has the greatest effect on Earth's	[ "year", "seasons", "ocean tides", "daylight hours" ]	2C
Granite is classified as a rock because it	[ "is made of minerals.", "is hard and rounded.", "has crystals.", "has mass." ]	0A
The measure of the amount of light received on Earth from a star is known as	[ "parallax.", "redshift.", "absolute magnitude.", "apparent magnitude." ]	3D
Heat from deep in Earth's interior is transferred to its crust by which of the following?	[ "conduction in the ocean", "convection in the mantle", "radiation from the solid core", "evaporation at mid-ocean ridges" ]	1B
The growth of which of the following usually occurs first in primary succession on a bare rock?	[ "Lichens", "Grasses", "Trees", "Shrubs" ]	0A
The process by which water vapor in the atmosphere cools and becomes a liquid is called	[ "evaporation.", "perspiration.", "condensation.", "transportation." ]	2C
A student is dropping objects of various sizes and shapes and recording the time it takes for each object to hit the ground. Which question is the student most likely trying to answer?	[ "What force slows some objects down?", "What force pulls objects to the ground?", "Do some objects fall more quickly than others?", "Do objects break or bounce when hitting the ground?" ]	2C
Which two processes in the water cycle are primarily responsible for the creation of a lake?	[ "evaporation and runoff", "evaporation and condensation", "precipitation and runoff", "precipitation and condensation" ]	2C
The correct procedure after completing a laboratory experiment is to	[ "put all non-reusable glass in the trash.", "pour all used chemicals down the sink.", "collect and store recyclable material.", "return used samples to natural settings." ]	2C
Which is an example of primary ecological succession?	[ "plants and animals invading an abandoned crop field", "mangroves stabilizing the soils on tropical coasts", "minerals spurring rapid plant growth", "lichen growth on rocks" ]	3D
What is true of mutualistic relationships among organisms?	[ "The organisms ignore each other.", "The organisms cooperate with each other.", "The organisms prey on each other.", "The organisms compete with each other." ]	1B
Carolina uses a microscope to view a soil sample taken from her backyard. Which part of the soil would she ONLY be able to see with a microscope?	[ "bacteria", "grass", "rainwater", "rocks" ]	0A
The part of the rock cycle that transforms compressed rock formed from sea organism shells into a harder, denser rock is	[ "igneous rock becoming sedimentary rock.", "igneous rock becoming metamorphic rock.", "metamorphic rock becoming igneous rock.", "sedimentary rock becoming metamorphic rock." ]	3D
A group of scientists predicts that Earth's oceans will be able to take up more carbon dioxide as atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increase and the atmosphere warms. Which of these statements about the solubility of gases in ocean water would lead you to question this prediction?	[ "Solubility decreases with an increase in salinity.", "Solubility decreases with an increase in temperature.", "Solubility increases with an increase in pressure.", "Solubility increases with an increase in pH." ]	1B
Which of the following elements is best able to combine with itself and hydrogen [H] to form large molecules?	[ "sodium [Na]", "lithium [Li]", "sulfur [S]", "carbon [C]" ]	3D
Growing thicker fur in the winter helps some animals to	[ "hide from danger", "attract a mate", "find food", "keep warm" ]	3D
Several types of mechanisms in the body regulate the rate of chemical reactions in the digestive system. Among the most important are feedback systems, which control the release rate of	[ "lipids.", "enzymes.", "nucleic acids.", "carbohydrates." ]	1B
The water in a pond gets colder one night. Which tool is best to observe its temperature change?	[ "balance", "magnifying glass", "ruler", "thermometer" ]	3D
During subduction, one tectonic plate is forced below another. The subducting plate is forced into the	[ "asthenosphere.", "lithosphere.", "outer core.", "inner core." ]	0A
What two gases make up most of the Earth's atmosphere?	[ "Hydrogen and oxygen", "Hydrogen and nitrogen", "Oxygen and carbon dioxide", "Oxygen and nitrogen" ]	3D
A light-year is a measure of	[ "time.", "energy.", "distance.", "direction." ]	2C
In the human body, cellular respiration breaks down sugar molecules after they enter the cell. What results from this process?	[ "growth of bacteria", "release of energy", "activity of enzymes", "production of oxygen" ]	1B
What causes a person to have blue eyes?	[ "eating foods high in protein at a young age", "having a brother or sister with blue eyes", "being overexposed to the Sun at a young age", "receiving a gene for blue eyes from each parent" ]	3D
When an atom loses or gains an electron, it changes	[ "atomic mass.", "atomic number.", "charge.", "element." ]	2C
In which pair of elements are both metalloids?	[ "Sn and Sb", "Sb and Te", "Te and I", "I and Xe" ]	1B
Florida has a large supply of phosphate that ancient seas deposited millions of years ago. The phosphate contains the remains of animals that were deposited in layers on the sea floor. Which type of rock did the phosphate become?	[ "intrusive igneous", "extrusive igneous", "clastic sedimentary", "organic sedimentary" ]	3D
After months of studying and obtaining data on the behavior of birds, biologists from around the world will look at the data and	[ "come up with several possible interpretations.", "reject it and do their own investigations.", "change the data to fit their expectations.", "publish their own interpretations in a science journal." ]	0A
Which mixture can be easily separated by adding water and pouring it through a coffee filter?	[ "sugar and salt", "salt and sand", "sugar and baking soda", "iron filings and sand" ]	1B
Living things depend on energy from	[ "the Sun", "the Moon", "soil", "water" ]	0A
Research into the total amount of oil available for use around the world can affect what kind of human choice?	[ "where to retire", "how to travel to work", "what kind of coffee to drink", "whether to recycle glass and aluminum" ]	1B
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to produce a saltwater solution. What are the products of this chemical reaction?	[ "NaCl and H_{2}O", "NaOH and HCl", "HCl and NaCl", "NaOH and H_{2}O" ]	0A
Which human activity most often has a harmful effect on the environment?	[ "breathing", "growing", "planting", "polluting" ]	3D
Young frogs do not resemble adult frogs. Which term is given to this pattern of development in frogs?	[ "asexual reproduction", "cloning", "metamorphosis", "biological adaptation" ]	2C
Bones support the body. What pulls and pushes on bones to move them?	[ "blood", "nerves", "muscles", "skin" ]	2C
Which statement best describes why a calcium-fortified juice would advertise that it is good for growing children?	[ "Calcium helps the growth of bones.", "Calcium provides energy for growth.", "Children need to drink a lot of fluids.", "Children need calcium to prevent allergies." ]	0A
Which of these tectonic plate boundaries is most likely to form a volcano?	[ "a continental plate colliding with a continental plate", "an oceanic plate sliding past a continental plate", "a continental plate sliding past a continental plate", "an oceanic plate colliding into a continental plate" ]	3D
Which of the following is an example of heat transfer by conduction?	[ "a whole metal spoon getting hot when one end is in hot soup", "the inside of a car in the sun getting very hot", "a tar road getting hotter in the sun than a concrete sidewalk", "a fireplace fire heating a room on a cold day" ]	0A
Alicia gives her brother a push while he is seated on a swing. She finds that after a few seconds, she needs to push again to keep him going. The reason her brother slows down is because the mechanical energy is converted into	[ "potential energy that heats the air.", "chemical energy that moves the swing.", "kinetic energy which makes the swing slow down.", "thermal energy that is released into the atmosphere." ]	3D
An example of a learned behavior is a	[ "spider building a web.", "dog laying down on command.", "beaver building a dam in a creek.", "kangaroo jumping away from a predator." ]	1B
An atom consists of a nucleus surrounded by	[ "ions.", "protons.", "neutrons.", "electrons." ]	3D
Which of these causes the atmosphere to change?	[ "increased inorganic matter in soil", "increased use of fertilizers on crops", "increased buildup of greenhouse gases", "increased rainfall rates near power plants" ]	2C
Which element is most likely to form an ion with a negative 2 charge?	[ "oxygen", "nitrogen", "beryllium", "magnesium" ]	0A
Mount St. Helens was a cone-shaped mountain that formed when molten material reached the surface of Earth and formed layers. Cone-shaped mountains form as a result of which one of these events?	[ "hurricanes", "earthquakes", "volcanic eruptions", "sediment depositions" ]	2C
Which process in the water cycle would be accelerated by an increase in temperature?	[ "runoff", "evaporation", "precipitation", "condensation" ]	1B
Which of the following foods is highest in polysaccharides?	[ "broccoli", "potatoes", "cheese", "fish" ]	1B
Colored alcohol is used in some glass thermometers. When placed in air of different temperatures, the column of alcohol rises or falls in the glass thermometer. Which of the following best explains why the height of the alcohol column changes?	[ "The glass contracts when heated.", "The alcohol contracts when heated.", "The glass expands more than the alcohol when heated.", "The alcohol expands more than the glass when heated." ]	3D
An organism, such as a nematode worm, may have only 1000 cells. It should be classified as being	[ "a virus.", "a bacteria.", "unicellular.", "multicellular." ]	3D
The Heliocentric Theory, as supported by Copernicus, revolutionized scientific theories regarding	[ "the life cycle.", "the water cycle.", "the solar system.", "the immune system." ]	2C
Which process causes the leaves of a plant to become larger?	[ "repair", "growth", "decomposition", "germination" ]	1B
Wind changes the surface of Earth. Which of these land formations is a result of transportation and deposition by wind?	[ "a delta", "a glacier", "a sand dune", "a mountain peak" ]	2C
Water moves by capillary action through soil from moist areas to dry areas. Which property of water is most responsible for this capillary action?	[ "Water is a polar molecule.", "Water contains an oxygen atom.", "Water has a high surface tension.", "Water has a high specific heat." ]	2C
Which action is the best method to separate a mixture of salt and water?	[ "using a magnet to extract the salt", "adding a colored dye to the mixture", "pouring the mixture through a filter", "boiling the mixture until the water evaporates" ]	3D
In humans, a trait can be determined by one pair or many pairs of	[ "genes", "microbes", "cells", "organs" ]	0A
Which animal develops inside its mother before it is born alive?	[ "Butterfly", "Cat", "Duck", "Frog" ]	1B
Which sequence correctly shows the levels of organization for structure and function in a human?	[ "cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system", "organ system -> cell -> tissue -> organ", "tissue -> organ -> organ system -> cell", "cell -> organ -> tissue -> organ system" ]	0A
Which adaptation allows a fish to get oxygen underwater?	[ "fins", "lungs", "gills", "heart" ]	2C
The number of daylight hours in New York State changes with the	[ "season of the year", "Moon's changing appearance", "direction of the wind", "arrival of a severe storm" ]	0A
Which instrument would be used when studying a unit on amphibian anatomy?	[ "a beaker", "a telescope", "a dissecting kit", "a graduated cylinder" ]	2C
Which is a reason for Arkansas having multiple seasons?	[ "the tilt of Earth's axis", "the speed of Earth's orbit", "Earth's distance from the Sun", "Earth gravitational pull toward the Moon" ]	0A
Jessica watches the Sun set in the evening sky. What causes the setting of the Sun?	[ "The distance between Earth and the Sun is increasing.", "The tilt of Earth on its axis is constantly changing.", "Earth is revolving around the Sun.", "Earth is rotating on its axis." ]	3D
To which planet do National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) scientists hope to send humans next?	[ "Mars", "Venus", "Jupiter", "Mercury" ]	0A
Which force keeps the planets in their orbits around the Sun?	[ "gravity", "magnetism", "electricity", "friction" ]	0A
The endangered Florida manatee is a large, aquatic mammal that feeds on sea grasses in brackish water. Due to where they like to feed, manatees are vulnerable to injuries from boat propellers. If speed zones requiring boats to maintain a low speed are placed in areas where manatees are known to congregate, which will most likely occur?	[ "less water pollution in manatee habitats will occur", "manatees will seek alternate food sources", "new manatee predators will surface", "manatee populations will increase" ]	3D
Which is an example of a different substance being formed?	[ "glass breaking", "metal melting", "water freezing", "wood burning" ]	3D
Scientists can identify an element by looking at the structure of a single	[ "atom.", "neutron.", "molecule.", "electron." ]	0A
Newly made proteins are modified in which organelle?	[ "ribosome", "endoplasmic reticulum", "mitochondrion", "nuclear envelop" ]	1B
Which of the following is the primary advantage of sexual reproduction when compared to asexual reproduction?	[ "There is a greater number of offspring.", "There is more food available to offspring.", "There is greater genetic variety in offspring.", "There is a longer development time for offspring." ]	2C
By attaching to sharks, remora fish eat the scraps of food left behind when the sharks feed. If remoras were not able to attach to sharks, they would most likely	[ "attach to boats.", "not be able to survive.", "find another source of food.", "not need to eat anymore." ]	1B
Plants need a source of energy in order to perform photosynthesis. From which source do plants receive the energy needed to perform photosynthesis?	[ "oxygen", "sugar", "sunlight", "water" ]	2C
What form of energy is stored in a battery?	[ "chemical", "sound", "light", "heat" ]	0A
When a light bulb is turned on, energy changes from one form to another. Which of the following best describes this change?	[ "sound energy to light energy", "nuclear energy to light energy", "electrical energy to light energy", "magnetic energy to light energy" ]	2C
Which stimulus causes a porcupine to extend its quills?	[ "lunar effect on Earth", "seasonal temperature changes", "threatening behavior by predators", "environmental encroachment by humans" ]	2C
When a balloon is filled with air and suddenly released, it will fly around the room as the air escapes. If compared to space transportation, the escaping air is most similar to what subsystem of a spacecraft?	[ "guidance", "propulsion", "support", "suspension" ]	1B
The Sun appears larger than other stars because of its	[ "yellow color", "high temperature", "distance from Earth", "chemical composition" ]	2C
How hot is it on the surface of the Sun?	[ "Not quite as hot as boiling water", "About as hot as fire", "About 100°F", "Much hotter than almost anything on Earth" ]	3D
Which two observations are both used to describe weather?	[ "precipitation and runoff", "temperature and sky conditions", "wind speed and erosion", "types of clouds and deposition" ]	1B
A scientist combines oxygen and hydrogen to form water. This combination illustrates that water is	[ "an atom.", "an element.", "a mixture.", "a compound." ]	3D
In a large forest with many animals, there are only a small number of bears. Which of these most likely limits the population of bears in the forest?	[ "supply of food", "type of tree", "predation by carnivores", "amount of suitable shelter" ]	0A
There is a thunderstorm close to your house. The windows rattle at the same time that you hear the thunder. What causes the windows to rattle?	[ "Sound waves from the thunder", "Light from the lightning", "Rain from the clouds", "The high humidity during the storm" ]	0A
Rocks in warm and humid environments can be weathered faster than rocks in other environments. Which is most likely the next step in the rock cycle for weathered rocks?	[ "They are cemented.", "They are compacted.", "They become eroded.", "They become molted." ]	2C
If the solar system were used as a model of an atom, what would the Sun most likely represent?	[ "an ion", "a nucleus", "a neutron", "an electron" ]	1B
A student provides the following directions for brushing teeth: • Turn on the water. • Fill the glass with water and leave the water running. • Put toothpaste on the toothbrush. • Brush for two minutes. • Rinse mouth with the water from the glass. • Rinse the toothbrush with the running water. • Turn off the water. Which change in these directions would conserve the most water?	[ "Brush for three minutes.", "Turn the water off before brushing.", "Rinse mouth with the running water.", "Use less toothpaste on the toothbrush." ]	1B
Which of these shows the correct order for the central dogma of molecular biology?	[ "DNA to protein to RNA", "RNA to DNA to protein", "protein to DNA to RNA", "DNA to RNA to protein" ]	3D
Meiosis contributes to the process of reproduction by producing what type of cell?	[ "aneuploid", "diploid", "haploid", "polyploid" ]	2C
The abundance of a mineral at the surface of Earth most likely depends upon the	[ "climate of a particular region.", "types of elements available in the crust.", "thicknesses of nearby rock layers.", "exposure of the elements to the environment." ]	1B
Which has the greatest effect on aiding the movement of blood through the human body?	[ "tension", "friction", "density", "gravity" ]	3D

Some schools have programs to recycle paper products such as student papers, newspapers, and cardboard boxes. Which of these statements describes a positive effect of recycling paper products?

[ "Schools need to buy less paper.", "Fewer trees need to be cut.", "Landfills have less room for other trash.", "Recycling consumes more energy than making new paper." ]

1B

Light sometimes behaves as waves and other times as particles. Which property of light is equally explainable by treating light as either particles or waves?

[ "interference of light", "reflection of light", "diffraction of light", "polarization of light" ]

1B

The topography of Nevada is dominated by basins and mountain ranges associated with which geological phenomena?

[ "faults", "trenches", "hot spots", "hydrothermal vents" ]

0A

Which biological activity occurs in a repeated rhythm?

[ "sneezing", "coughing", "breathing", "blinking" ]

2C

Which model best illustrates the wave property that enables scientists to explore Earth's interior using seismic waves?

[ "shining a light on rock in a bowl", "shining a light through a prism", "shining a light through a periscope", "shining a light on a sundial" ]

1B

In 1933, a hurricane came ashore at Ocean City, Maryland. A hurricane negatively affects a coastline by

[ "causing erosion", "causing earthquakes", "increasing food production", "increasing the growth of grasses" ]

0A

Which statement describes the location of our Sun in the universe?

[ "Our Sun orbits Earth in the Andromeda galaxy.", "Our Sun orbits Earth in the Milky Way galaxy.", "Our Sun is the center of a solar system in the Milky Way galaxy.", "Our Sun is the center of a solar system in the Andromeda galaxy." ]

2C

Scientists claim that the area around the Grand Canyon was once covered by an ocean. What evidence would support their claim?

[ "Dinosaur footprints were found near the Grand Canyon.", "Fish were found living in the rivers of the Grand Canyon.", "Fossils of ocean animals were found at the Grand Canyon.", "Bones from desert animals were found at the Grand Canyon." ]

2C

Which is true of scientific discoveries?

[ "All scientific discoveries are based solely on observation and never experimentation.", "Sometimes scientific discoveries are made by accident, like the discovery of penicillin.", "If a scientist cannot provide the exact time and place his or her discovery was made, it is dismissed.", "All scientific discoveries are regulated by government agencies, like the Food and Drug Administration." ]

1B

Which is a process that most likely formed the Appalachian Mountains found in the eastern part of North America?

[ "earthquake", "folded rock", "plate tectonics", "volcanic activity" ]

2C

Which technology used to generate electrical power involves a trade-off between economical electricity and long-term waste disposal problems?

[ "fossil fuel", "nuclear reactor", "solar collector", "wind turbine" ]

1B

All the ponds in an area dried up during a drought. The population of which of the following animals that live in the area is most affected by the drought?

[ "deer", "frog", "hawk", "squirrel" ]

1B

Which substance is usually found in nature as a liquid, solid, and gas?

[ "water", "rock", "metal", "glass" ]

0A

The scientific name for a giraffe is Giraffa camelopardalis. What two levels of classification does this name represent?

[ "family and order", "kingdom and genus", "phylum and domain", "genus and species" ]

3D

The Moon has the greatest effect on Earth's

[ "year", "seasons", "ocean tides", "daylight hours" ]

2C

Granite is classified as a rock because it

[ "is made of minerals.", "is hard and rounded.", "has crystals.", "has mass." ]

0A

The measure of the amount of light received on Earth from a star is known as

[ "parallax.", "redshift.", "absolute magnitude.", "apparent magnitude." ]

3D

Heat from deep in Earth's interior is transferred to its crust by which of the following?

[ "conduction in the ocean", "convection in the mantle", "radiation from the solid core", "evaporation at mid-ocean ridges" ]

1B

The growth of which of the following usually occurs first in primary succession on a bare rock?

[ "Lichens", "Grasses", "Trees", "Shrubs" ]

0A

The process by which water vapor in the atmosphere cools and becomes a liquid is called

[ "evaporation.", "perspiration.", "condensation.", "transportation." ]

2C

A student is dropping objects of various sizes and shapes and recording the time it takes for each object to hit the ground. Which question is the student most likely trying to answer?

[ "What force slows some objects down?", "What force pulls objects to the ground?", "Do some objects fall more quickly than others?", "Do objects break or bounce when hitting the ground?" ]

2C

Which two processes in the water cycle are primarily responsible for the creation of a lake?

[ "evaporation and runoff", "evaporation and condensation", "precipitation and runoff", "precipitation and condensation" ]

2C

The correct procedure after completing a laboratory experiment is to

[ "put all non-reusable glass in the trash.", "pour all used chemicals down the sink.", "collect and store recyclable material.", "return used samples to natural settings." ]

2C

Which is an example of primary ecological succession?

[ "plants and animals invading an abandoned crop field", "mangroves stabilizing the soils on tropical coasts", "minerals spurring rapid plant growth", "lichen growth on rocks" ]

3D

What is true of mutualistic relationships among organisms?

[ "The organisms ignore each other.", "The organisms cooperate with each other.", "The organisms prey on each other.", "The organisms compete with each other." ]

1B

Carolina uses a microscope to view a soil sample taken from her backyard. Which part of the soil would she ONLY be able to see with a microscope?

[ "bacteria", "grass", "rainwater", "rocks" ]

0A

The part of the rock cycle that transforms compressed rock formed from sea organism shells into a harder, denser rock is

[ "igneous rock becoming sedimentary rock.", "igneous rock becoming metamorphic rock.", "metamorphic rock becoming igneous rock.", "sedimentary rock becoming metamorphic rock." ]

3D

A group of scientists predicts that Earth's oceans will be able to take up more carbon dioxide as atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increase and the atmosphere warms. Which of these statements about the solubility of gases in ocean water would lead you to question this prediction?

[ "Solubility decreases with an increase in salinity.", "Solubility decreases with an increase in temperature.", "Solubility increases with an increase in pressure.", "Solubility increases with an increase in pH." ]

1B

Which of the following elements is best able to combine with itself and hydrogen [H] to form large molecules?

[ "sodium [Na]", "lithium [Li]", "sulfur [S]", "carbon [C]" ]

3D

Growing thicker fur in the winter helps some animals to

[ "hide from danger", "attract a mate", "find food", "keep warm" ]

3D

Several types of mechanisms in the body regulate the rate of chemical reactions in the digestive system. Among the most important are feedback systems, which control the release rate of

[ "lipids.", "enzymes.", "nucleic acids.", "carbohydrates." ]

1B

The water in a pond gets colder one night. Which tool is best to observe its temperature change?

[ "balance", "magnifying glass", "ruler", "thermometer" ]

3D

During subduction, one tectonic plate is forced below another. The subducting plate is forced into the

[ "asthenosphere.", "lithosphere.", "outer core.", "inner core." ]

0A

What two gases make up most of the Earth's atmosphere?

[ "Hydrogen and oxygen", "Hydrogen and nitrogen", "Oxygen and carbon dioxide", "Oxygen and nitrogen" ]

3D

A light-year is a measure of

[ "time.", "energy.", "distance.", "direction." ]

2C

In the human body, cellular respiration breaks down sugar molecules after they enter the cell. What results from this process?

[ "growth of bacteria", "release of energy", "activity of enzymes", "production of oxygen" ]

1B

What causes a person to have blue eyes?

[ "eating foods high in protein at a young age", "having a brother or sister with blue eyes", "being overexposed to the Sun at a young age", "receiving a gene for blue eyes from each parent" ]

3D

When an atom loses or gains an electron, it changes

[ "atomic mass.", "atomic number.", "charge.", "element." ]

2C

In which pair of elements are both metalloids?

[ "Sn and Sb", "Sb and Te", "Te and I", "I and Xe" ]

1B

Florida has a large supply of phosphate that ancient seas deposited millions of years ago. The phosphate contains the remains of animals that were deposited in layers on the sea floor. Which type of rock did the phosphate become?

[ "intrusive igneous", "extrusive igneous", "clastic sedimentary", "organic sedimentary" ]

3D

After months of studying and obtaining data on the behavior of birds, biologists from around the world will look at the data and

[ "come up with several possible interpretations.", "reject it and do their own investigations.", "change the data to fit their expectations.", "publish their own interpretations in a science journal." ]

0A

Which mixture can be easily separated by adding water and pouring it through a coffee filter?

[ "sugar and salt", "salt and sand", "sugar and baking soda", "iron filings and sand" ]

1B

Living things depend on energy from

[ "the Sun", "the Moon", "soil", "water" ]

0A

Research into the total amount of oil available for use around the world can affect what kind of human choice?

[ "where to retire", "how to travel to work", "what kind of coffee to drink", "whether to recycle glass and aluminum" ]

1B

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to produce a saltwater solution. What are the products of this chemical reaction?

[ "NaCl and H_{2}O", "NaOH and HCl", "HCl and NaCl", "NaOH and H_{2}O" ]

0A

Which human activity most often has a harmful effect on the environment?

[ "breathing", "growing", "planting", "polluting" ]

3D

Young frogs do not resemble adult frogs. Which term is given to this pattern of development in frogs?

[ "asexual reproduction", "cloning", "metamorphosis", "biological adaptation" ]

2C

Bones support the body. What pulls and pushes on bones to move them?

[ "blood", "nerves", "muscles", "skin" ]

2C

Which statement best describes why a calcium-fortified juice would advertise that it is good for growing children?

[ "Calcium helps the growth of bones.", "Calcium provides energy for growth.", "Children need to drink a lot of fluids.", "Children need calcium to prevent allergies." ]

0A

Which of these tectonic plate boundaries is most likely to form a volcano?

[ "a continental plate colliding with a continental plate", "an oceanic plate sliding past a continental plate", "a continental plate sliding past a continental plate", "an oceanic plate colliding into a continental plate" ]

3D

Which of the following is an example of heat transfer by conduction?

[ "a whole metal spoon getting hot when one end is in hot soup", "the inside of a car in the sun getting very hot", "a tar road getting hotter in the sun than a concrete sidewalk", "a fireplace fire heating a room on a cold day" ]

0A

Alicia gives her brother a push while he is seated on a swing. She finds that after a few seconds, she needs to push again to keep him going. The reason her brother slows down is because the mechanical energy is converted into

[ "potential energy that heats the air.", "chemical energy that moves the swing.", "kinetic energy which makes the swing slow down.", "thermal energy that is released into the atmosphere." ]

3D

An example of a learned behavior is a

[ "spider building a web.", "dog laying down on command.", "beaver building a dam in a creek.", "kangaroo jumping away from a predator." ]

1B

An atom consists of a nucleus surrounded by

[ "ions.", "protons.", "neutrons.", "electrons." ]

3D

Which of these causes the atmosphere to change?

[ "increased inorganic matter in soil", "increased use of fertilizers on crops", "increased buildup of greenhouse gases", "increased rainfall rates near power plants" ]

2C

Which element is most likely to form an ion with a negative 2 charge?

[ "oxygen", "nitrogen", "beryllium", "magnesium" ]

0A

Mount St. Helens was a cone-shaped mountain that formed when molten material reached the surface of Earth and formed layers. Cone-shaped mountains form as a result of which one of these events?

[ "hurricanes", "earthquakes", "volcanic eruptions", "sediment depositions" ]

2C

Which process in the water cycle would be accelerated by an increase in temperature?

[ "runoff", "evaporation", "precipitation", "condensation" ]

1B

Which of the following foods is highest in polysaccharides?

[ "broccoli", "potatoes", "cheese", "fish" ]

1B

Colored alcohol is used in some glass thermometers. When placed in air of different temperatures, the column of alcohol rises or falls in the glass thermometer. Which of the following best explains why the height of the alcohol column changes?

[ "The glass contracts when heated.", "The alcohol contracts when heated.", "The glass expands more than the alcohol when heated.", "The alcohol expands more than the glass when heated." ]

3D

An organism, such as a nematode worm, may have only 1000 cells. It should be classified as being

[ "a virus.", "a bacteria.", "unicellular.", "multicellular." ]

3D

The Heliocentric Theory, as supported by Copernicus, revolutionized scientific theories regarding

[ "the life cycle.", "the water cycle.", "the solar system.", "the immune system." ]

2C

Which process causes the leaves of a plant to become larger?

[ "repair", "growth", "decomposition", "germination" ]

1B

Wind changes the surface of Earth. Which of these land formations is a result of transportation and deposition by wind?

[ "a delta", "a glacier", "a sand dune", "a mountain peak" ]

2C

Water moves by capillary action through soil from moist areas to dry areas. Which property of water is most responsible for this capillary action?

[ "Water is a polar molecule.", "Water contains an oxygen atom.", "Water has a high surface tension.", "Water has a high specific heat." ]

2C

Which action is the best method to separate a mixture of salt and water?

[ "using a magnet to extract the salt", "adding a colored dye to the mixture", "pouring the mixture through a filter", "boiling the mixture until the water evaporates" ]

3D

In humans, a trait can be determined by one pair or many pairs of

[ "genes", "microbes", "cells", "organs" ]

0A

Which animal develops inside its mother before it is born alive?

[ "Butterfly", "Cat", "Duck", "Frog" ]

1B

Which sequence correctly shows the levels of organization for structure and function in a human?

[ "cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system", "organ system -> cell -> tissue -> organ", "tissue -> organ -> organ system -> cell", "cell -> organ -> tissue -> organ system" ]

0A

Which adaptation allows a fish to get oxygen underwater?

[ "fins", "lungs", "gills", "heart" ]

2C

The number of daylight hours in New York State changes with the

[ "season of the year", "Moon's changing appearance", "direction of the wind", "arrival of a severe storm" ]

0A

Which instrument would be used when studying a unit on amphibian anatomy?

[ "a beaker", "a telescope", "a dissecting kit", "a graduated cylinder" ]

2C

Which is a reason for Arkansas having multiple seasons?

[ "the tilt of Earth's axis", "the speed of Earth's orbit", "Earth's distance from the Sun", "Earth gravitational pull toward the Moon" ]

0A

Jessica watches the Sun set in the evening sky. What causes the setting of the Sun?

[ "The distance between Earth and the Sun is increasing.", "The tilt of Earth on its axis is constantly changing.", "Earth is revolving around the Sun.", "Earth is rotating on its axis." ]

3D

To which planet do National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) scientists hope to send humans next?

[ "Mars", "Venus", "Jupiter", "Mercury" ]

0A

Which force keeps the planets in their orbits around the Sun?

[ "gravity", "magnetism", "electricity", "friction" ]

0A

The endangered Florida manatee is a large, aquatic mammal that feeds on sea grasses in brackish water. Due to where they like to feed, manatees are vulnerable to injuries from boat propellers. If speed zones requiring boats to maintain a low speed are placed in areas where manatees are known to congregate, which will most likely occur?

[ "less water pollution in manatee habitats will occur", "manatees will seek alternate food sources", "new manatee predators will surface", "manatee populations will increase" ]

3D

Which is an example of a different substance being formed?

[ "glass breaking", "metal melting", "water freezing", "wood burning" ]

3D

Scientists can identify an element by looking at the structure of a single

[ "atom.", "neutron.", "molecule.", "electron." ]

0A

Newly made proteins are modified in which organelle?

[ "ribosome", "endoplasmic reticulum", "mitochondrion", "nuclear envelop" ]

1B

Which of the following is the primary advantage of sexual reproduction when compared to asexual reproduction?

[ "There is a greater number of offspring.", "There is more food available to offspring.", "There is greater genetic variety in offspring.", "There is a longer development time for offspring." ]

2C

By attaching to sharks, remora fish eat the scraps of food left behind when the sharks feed. If remoras were not able to attach to sharks, they would most likely

[ "attach to boats.", "not be able to survive.", "find another source of food.", "not need to eat anymore." ]

1B

Plants need a source of energy in order to perform photosynthesis. From which source do plants receive the energy needed to perform photosynthesis?

[ "oxygen", "sugar", "sunlight", "water" ]

2C

What form of energy is stored in a battery?

[ "chemical", "sound", "light", "heat" ]

0A

When a light bulb is turned on, energy changes from one form to another. Which of the following best describes this change?

[ "sound energy to light energy", "nuclear energy to light energy", "electrical energy to light energy", "magnetic energy to light energy" ]

2C

Which stimulus causes a porcupine to extend its quills?

[ "lunar effect on Earth", "seasonal temperature changes", "threatening behavior by predators", "environmental encroachment by humans" ]

2C

When a balloon is filled with air and suddenly released, it will fly around the room as the air escapes. If compared to space transportation, the escaping air is most similar to what subsystem of a spacecraft?

[ "guidance", "propulsion", "support", "suspension" ]

1B

The Sun appears larger than other stars because of its

[ "yellow color", "high temperature", "distance from Earth", "chemical composition" ]

2C

How hot is it on the surface of the Sun?

[ "Not quite as hot as boiling water", "About as hot as fire", "About 100°F", "Much hotter than almost anything on Earth" ]

3D

Which two observations are both used to describe weather?

[ "precipitation and runoff", "temperature and sky conditions", "wind speed and erosion", "types of clouds and deposition" ]

1B

A scientist combines oxygen and hydrogen to form water. This combination illustrates that water is

[ "an atom.", "an element.", "a mixture.", "a compound." ]

3D

In a large forest with many animals, there are only a small number of bears. Which of these most likely limits the population of bears in the forest?

[ "supply of food", "type of tree", "predation by carnivores", "amount of suitable shelter" ]

0A

There is a thunderstorm close to your house. The windows rattle at the same time that you hear the thunder. What causes the windows to rattle?

[ "Sound waves from the thunder", "Light from the lightning", "Rain from the clouds", "The high humidity during the storm" ]

0A

Rocks in warm and humid environments can be weathered faster than rocks in other environments. Which is most likely the next step in the rock cycle for weathered rocks?

[ "They are cemented.", "They are compacted.", "They become eroded.", "They become molted." ]

2C

If the solar system were used as a model of an atom, what would the Sun most likely represent?

[ "an ion", "a nucleus", "a neutron", "an electron" ]

1B

A student provides the following directions for brushing teeth: • Turn on the water. • Fill the glass with water and leave the water running. • Put toothpaste on the toothbrush. • Brush for two minutes. • Rinse mouth with the water from the glass. • Rinse the toothbrush with the running water. • Turn off the water. Which change in these directions would conserve the most water?

[ "Brush for three minutes.", "Turn the water off before brushing.", "Rinse mouth with the running water.", "Use less toothpaste on the toothbrush." ]

1B

Which of these shows the correct order for the central dogma of molecular biology?

[ "DNA to protein to RNA", "RNA to DNA to protein", "protein to DNA to RNA", "DNA to RNA to protein" ]

3D

Meiosis contributes to the process of reproduction by producing what type of cell?

[ "aneuploid", "diploid", "haploid", "polyploid" ]

2C

The abundance of a mineral at the surface of Earth most likely depends upon the

[ "climate of a particular region.", "types of elements available in the crust.", "thicknesses of nearby rock layers.", "exposure of the elements to the environment." ]

1B

Which has the greatest effect on aiding the movement of blood through the human body?

[ "tension", "friction", "density", "gravity" ]

3D