epanner/MNLP_M3_mcqa_dataset · Datasets at Hugging Face

question stringlengths 1 6.54k	choices listlengths 4 4	answer class label 4 classes
When plants and animals die, which organisms help return nutrients to the food chain?	[ "decomposers", "predators", "prey", "producers" ]	0A
Which object used in an experiment can safely be recycled?	[ "an aluminum can", "a wet paper towel", "salt spilled onto a tabletop", "a broken graduated cylinder" ]	0A
Evidence that living things have evolved over hundreds of millions of years can be found in	[ "particles in the air", "rocks containing fossils", "tree rings from recently logged trees", "chemicals in human hair" ]	1B
What causes the blue color of the sky?	[ "emission of light by land and water surfaces", "reflection of light from land and water surfaces", "absorption of light by matter in the atmosphere", "scattering of light by matter in the atmosphere" ]	3D
As the population of small fish in a lake decreases, the population of large fish that depend on the small fish for food will	[ "reproduce faster", "begin to produce their own food", "decrease in number", "increase in number" ]	2C
Living organisms require energy for biological processes. Chemical energy in a plant cell is	[ "produced in vacuoles.", "converted from solar energy.", "developed by centrioles.", "stored as kinetic energy." ]	1B
Pollen is necessary for a flowering plant to	[ "grow.", "blossom.", "germinate.", "reproduce." ]	3D
Which gas makes up the greatest percentage of Earth's atmosphere?	[ "argon", "nitrogen", "nitrous oxide", "carbon dioxide" ]	1B
Which is the best explanation of the term ecology?	[ "the study of the nonliving parts of the environment", "the study of the living parts of the environment", "the study of the protection and renewal of natural resources", "the study of organisms and their interactions with the environment" ]	3D
A student leaves a rock in the Sun on a bright afternoon. An hour after sunset, the weather is cool, but the rock still feels warm. The student has demonstrated a property of the rock resulting directly from which of the rock's other properties?	[ "its reactivity", "its magnetism", "its specific heat", "its chemical energy" ]	2C
Which characteristic is not an inherited trait?	[ "size", "eye color", "skin color", "personality" ]	3D
Eating leafy vegetables is important for human health. This is because leafy vegetables are a good source of which of the following?	[ "protein", "carbohydrates", "minerals", "fat" ]	2C
What is necessary to use on a telescope in order to photograph solar flares and solar prominences?	[ "a light filter", "a chronograph", "an electric drive", "a series of mirrors" ]	0A
Near Earth's equator, water generally exists naturally in the liquid and gas states. In which other part of Earth is water usually found naturally in only two states?	[ "Indian Ocean", "interior of Africa", "South Pole", "Tropic of Cancer" ]	2C
A cat jumps when startled by a loud noise. This is an example of an organism	[ "sensing and responding to its external environment", "sensing and responding to its internal environment", "changing and controlling its external environment", "changing and controlling its internal environment" ]	0A
Which of the following materials would best slow the transfer of heat?	[ "aluminum", "copper", "glass", "wood" ]	3D
What can cause a moving object to increase its speed in a forward direction?	[ "a force pushing on the object from the opposite direction", "a force that continually acts on the object in the direction the object is moving", "an increase in the mass of the object", "a decrease in the mass of the object" ]	1B
In which oceanic zone do clams and crabs survive by burrowing in the sand?	[ "oceanic", "intertidal", "deep ocean", "open ocean" ]	1B
A manufacturing industry has asked to relocate its plant to your town. From an environmental perspective, which question is least important to ask before deciding whether the industry may move to your town?	[ "How will the plant affect wildlife of the area?", "What kinds of pollution will the plant produce?", "What impact will the plant have on the population of the town?", "What are the uses of the products that the plant will manufacture?" ]	3D
Some meteorologists use visual aids such as diagrams, maps, and charts when they present the weather to television viewers. How do different types of visual aids help the viewers understand complex weather phenomena?	[ "by combining knowledge from past reports with new information", "by providing information collected by other meteorologists", "by checking the accuracy of each part of the weather report", "by showing many components that impact the weather" ]	3D
Which renewable energy resource possesses the greatest potential for providing renewable energy to meet the future needs of the southern United States?	[ "tidal", "water", "solar", "coal" ]	2C
A student performs an experiment and the results are shown below: Before- Iron filings are brown, small, and magnetic: Copper sulfate crystals are blue, brittle, and not magnetic. After- The copper formed was reddish, solid, and not magnetic: Iron sulfide solution was colorless and not magnetic. Which statement supports that a chemical reaction took place?	[ "Changes in color occurred.", "A new substance was formed.", "A physical change in the iron occurred.", "The original substances were present after." ]	1B
In order for rocks to be classified as igneous, the rocks must	[ "solidify at the surface of Earth.", "be eroded and deposited in layers.", "be formed from magma.", "change form when pressure is applied." ]	2C
Which of these is most likely the cause of a father and son having almost identical-sounding voices?	[ "learned behaviors", "environmental conditions", "inherited characteristics", "instinctive characteristics" ]	2C
Frog eggs hatch into tadpoles, and then tadpoles gradually develop into frogs. This process is known as	[ "adolescence.", "crossbreeding.", "regeneration.", "metamorphosis." ]	3D
Many people like to use microwave ovens rather than traditional ovens. The main reason for this is that microwave ovens	[ "take less time to cook food than regular ovens do.", "get hotter than regular ovens.", "do not leave spattered grease or food on the inside.", "cannot overcook food." ]	0A
When trees are removed from an area in a tropical rainforest, the area experiences an increase in soil erosion. Which statement best explains why removing the trees can lead to soil erosion?	[ "Less bedrock will be available to make soil.", "There will be fewer roots to hold the soil in place.", "The number of soil-eating insects in the area will increase.", "The amount of solar radiation reaching the ground will increase." ]	1B
What information is needed to calculate the speed of a car?	[ "the road conditions and type of tires", "the type of engine and the amount of gas used by the engine", "the car length and distance traveled", "the distance travel" ]	3D
Freda always hangs her wet swimsuit outdoors after getting out of the swimming pool. Which of the following is least likely to affect the rate at which Freda's swimsuit dries?	[ "the heat of the Sun", "the speed of the wind", "the temperature of the water in the pool", "the amount of water vapor in the air" ]	2C
Maria collected the gas given off by a glowing piece of charcoal. The gas was then bubbled through a small amount of colorless limewater. Part of Maria's report stated, "After the gas was put into the jar, the limewater gradually changed to a milky white color." This statement is	[ "an observation", "a conclusion", "a generalization", "an assumption of the investigation (E) a hypothesis" ]	0A
Some butterflies live an average of two weeks. This period of time is called a life	[ "process", "span", "change", "cycle" ]	1B
Which two body systems work together to transport oxygen to the cells?	[ "skeletal and respiratory", "digestive and respiratory", "respiratory and circulatory", "respiratory and reproductive" ]	2C
Some localized layers of rock contain the element iridium. Iridium is most often found in space objects such as meteoroids and asteroids. The discovery of these iridium-containing layers has been matched to which phenomena in Earth's history?	[ "tectonic plate separations", "mass species extinctions", "orbital path changes", "magnetic pole reversals" ]	1B
Which of these converts electrical energy to light energy?	[ "a star", "a flashlight", "a campfire", "a tea kettle" ]	1B
Darwin's theory that animal species can change over time was inspired by his research on which set of islands?	[ "the Philippine Islands", "the Virgin Islands", "the Hawaiian Islands", "the Galapagos Islands" ]	3D
An athlete is running a race. The athlete's body needs energy. Which organelle(s) in the athlete's cells supply the energy for cellular functions?	[ "Golgi apparatus", "mitochondrion", "ribosome", "nucleus" ]	1B
Which of these would best help a scientist discover a new planet?	[ "making a model of outer space", "asking questions to other scientists", "collecting information about planets", "looking at the night sky with a telescope" ]	3D
Which of these lists has only products that come from plants?	[ "Paper, spices, and fibers", "Wool, lumber, and butter", "Medicines, leather, and milk", "Cotton, rubber, and eggs" ]	0A
Why is some food dehydrated for astronauts to eat in space?	[ "to make the food less messy to eat", "to preserve the food for extended flights", "to increase the food's nutritional content", "to keep the food from floating off the plate" ]	1B
Perfume sprayed from a bottle spreads more easily in a warm room of 25°C than in a cool room of 15°C. Which of the following correctly compares perfume molecules at 25°C to those at 15°C?	[ "At 25°C, they have more mass.", "At 25°C, they are moving faster.", "At 25°C, they have less kinetic energy.", "At 25°C, they are decreasing in volume." ]	1B
Which of the following is believed to be one cause of global warming?	[ "atmospheric rise of carbon dioxide", "hot air from air conditioner exhaust", "methane gas escaping from landfills", "body heat generated by overpopulation" ]	0A
What product was being formed as plants died and sank to the bottom of swamps?	[ "oil", "gas", "coal", "shale" ]	2C
What is the approximate length of time it takes the Moon to complete one lunar cycle?	[ "14 days", "29 days", "180 days", "365 days" ]	1B
A line graph is best used when the measured variable is	[ "changing at a constant rate.", "nearly equal in several trials.", "being compared to a control.", "observed at one point in time." ]	0A
All living things need energy to survive. What is the primary source of energy for all living things?	[ "plants", "the sun", "water", "the wind" ]	1B
If a chemical reaction such as photosynthesis begins with 6 atoms of carbon [C], how many atoms of carbon [C] should be in the products?	[ "12 atoms of carbon [C]", "6 atoms of carbon [C]", "3 atoms of carbon [C]", "2 atoms of carbon [C]" ]	1B
Which object refracts light?	[ "mirror", "silver spoon", "foil", "glass prism" ]	3D
A gastroenterologist is a doctor who treats problems of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Which organ system is cared for by this type of doctor?	[ "circulatory system", "muscular system", "digestive system", "nervous system" ]	2C
Which event becomes more likely during a drought in a prairie ecosystem?	[ "fire", "tornado", "landslide", "earthquake" ]	0A
When scientists publish papers describing the results and conclusions of their experiments, members of the scientific community should	[ "collect their own data and rewrite the paper.", "evaluate the evidence in the paper.", "accept the paper as fact.", "ask the writer to write an alternate paper." ]	1B
Kim lost her hammer outside. When she found it a few months later, some parts of the metal were covered with flaky, brown rust. Which type of change occurred when rust formed on the hammer?	[ "chemical", "electrical", "thermal", "physical" ]	0A
Which human activity has most negatively affected air quality?	[ "burning coal", "growing crops", "using solar energy cells", "constructing nuclear power plants" ]	0A
Most of the bacteria in a forest ecosystem are best classified as which of the following types of organisms?	[ "consumers", "decomposers", "predators", "producers" ]	1B
A pencil falls off of a desk. What moves the pencil toward the floor?	[ "mass", "friction", "gravity", "speed" ]	2C
All of the processes listed below cause changes in Earth's surface. Which of the following is the slowest to change Earth's surface?	[ "earthquake activity", "landslide", "volcanic eruption", "weathering" ]	3D
A group of students was preparing an activity to determine whether certain materials will float or sink when placed on water. Before the experiment started, one student said, "I think the sponge will float." This statement was	[ "a conclusion", "a fact", "an observation", "a prediction" ]	3D
What tool is used to determine the mass of an object?	[ "Balance", "Meter stick", "Thermometer", "Graduated cylinder" ]	0A
According to the Periodic Table of the Elements, mercury (Hg) is different from other metals because mercury is	[ "solid at room temperature.", "liquid at room temperature.", "lighter than all other metals.", "heavier than all other metals." ]	1B
When using more than the recommended amounts of pesticide on farmland, yards, and gardens, what is most likely to occur?	[ "Higher levels of pesticide may be less effective.", "The pesticides may break down quickly.", "Water supplies can be contaminated by pesticide runoff.", "The pesticide will increase the plant production." ]	2C
According to the fossil record, when did episodes of rapid speciation commonly take place?	[ "while Earth's continents were joined", "while Earth's habitats were stable", "before major climatic changes", "following mass extinctions" ]	3D
A deer inherits some of its features from its parents. Other features come from its environment. Which feature would a deer most likely inherit from its parents?	[ "a long scar", "brown eyes", "missing teeth", "a broken antler" ]	1B
What is the smallest structural and functional unit of the nervous system?	[ "brain", "organ", "neuron", "spinal cord" ]	2C
Male peacocks have large brightly colored tail feathers. What is the most likely reason for this?	[ "to attract potential mates", "to distract potential predators", "to help catch food", "to preserve warmth" ]	0A
In a city, the daily high and low 16 temperatures for a month are best represented by which of the following?	[ "flow chart", "line graph", "pictograph", "pie chart" ]	1B
Drew was measuring the growth of a vine that can grow almost 31 cm a day. Which would be the best way to record his data of the growth over a period of a day?	[ "a bar graph", "a line graph", "a pie graph", "a picture graph" ]	1B
All of the following are functions of a cell membrane except	[ "surrounding and protecting the contents of the cell.", "releasing waste products from the cell.", "producing energy for cell processes.", "allowing gases to enter the cell." ]	2C
Which characteristic will a baby chimpanzee inherit from its parents?	[ "fur color", "hunting skills", "feeding behavior", "sleeping routine" ]	0A
Which object is the best conductor of electricity?	[ "a wax crayon", "a plastic spoon", "a rubber eraser", "an iron nail" ]	3D
Why are some rocks smoother and rounder than others?	[ "They have the shapes of the minerals from which they are made.", "They were smoothed by the action of wind and water.", "They were squeezed up through the soil.", "They hardened in rounded pockets of soil." ]	1B
A vaccine can prevent a serious disease. When a new vaccine is developed, it is given to a small group of people. Why would it be important to test each vaccine on a small group of people before everyone can have one?	[ "to figure out how much the vaccine is worth", "to determine how the vaccine will affect people", "to understand how that disease affects the human body", "to find out how many people are affected by the disease" ]	1B
When can producers make the most food?	[ "summer, because there is more sunlight", "summer, because there is more heat", "spring, because there is more rain", "spring, because there are more leaves" ]	0A
Plants have special tissues that transport food, water, and minerals throughout the plant. What are these tissues similar to in animals?	[ "stomach and intestines", "spinal cord and brain", "arteries and veins", "kidneys and liver" ]	2C
Which of the following statements best explains how the decomposition of plant and animal matter helps to form rich soils?	[ "Decomposition adds silt to soil.", "Decomposition adds water to soil.", "Decomposition adds oxygen to soil.", "Decomposition adds nutrients to soil." ]	3D
Beans and coal both have stored energy. Where did the energy come from that is stored in beans and coal?	[ "From the Earth's gravity", "From the Sun's light", "From the heat in the Earth's core", "From the air's carbon dioxide" ]	1B
A metal ball has a constant velocity of zero. Which other quantity must also be zero?	[ "weight of the ball", "energy of the ball", "acceleration of the ball", "inertia of the ball" ]	2C
What geographic obstacle causes water to condense in an air mass as the air mass moves?	[ "forests", "oceans", "prairies", "mountains" ]	3D
If an object is attracted to a magnet, the object is most likely made of	[ "wood", "plastic", "cardboard", "metal" ]	3D
Which explains the pattern of day and night?	[ "Earth orbits the sun.", "Earth spins on its axis.", "The sun only transmits light energy during the daytime.", "The sun only transmits light energy above the equator." ]	1B
Which is the best plan to make the fossil fuel supply last longer?	[ "mine more coal", "reduce car pollution", "produce more gasoline", "reduce electricity use" ]	3D
The stages of evolution of a star are determined by the mass of the star at the beginning of its life cycle. Which stage of evolution is the oldest form of a massive star?	[ "red giant", "supernova", "neutron star", "white dwarf" ]	2C
Which of these best indicates that sediments can be changed into rock?	[ "layers of sandstone", "igneous intrusions", "lava beds", "mountains with gneiss" ]	0A
Carbon cycles through several Earth subsystems. Which sequence most directly leads to the cycling of carbon that can result in the formation of petroleum?	[ "biosphere to lithosphere", "atmosphere to lithosphere", "hydrosphere to atmosphere", "biosphere to atmosphere" ]	0A
Which word best describes the speed of a cart that has a positive velocity and a negative acceleration?	[ "slow", "fast", "decreasing", "increasing" ]	2C
A hurricane is a heat engine which converts one kind of energy into another. Hurricanes convert most of the heat energy into	[ "chemical energy.", "electrical energy.", "mechanical energy.", "potential energy." ]	2C
Which of the following is a crucial piece of evidence supporting scientists' theory of how the continents and the ocean basins formed?	[ "Gravitational forces result in the fusion of small atoms.", "A differentiated iron core expresses magnetic properties.", "Currents redistribute heat in an unevenly heated liquid.", "A stream of charged ions disperses lightweight gases." ]	2C
What motion causes day and night?	[ "revolution of Earth", "revolution of the Moon", "rotation of Earth", "rotation of the Moon" ]	2C
The axis of Earth is tilted at an angle of 23.5° from the vertical position. Which of the following is the main result of this tilt?	[ "tides", "eclipses", "length of year", "change of seasons" ]	3D
In an earthquake, the primary waves move through	[ "air", "water", "soil", "rock" ]	3D
Which of the following is the major cause of tides?	[ "heating of the oceans by the Sun", "gravitational pull of the Moon", "earthquakes on the ocean floor", "changes in wind direction" ]	1B
A dog opens its mouth and lets its tongue hang out. A human's body produces sweat. These are two ways that organisms may adjust to	[ "cold temperatures", "hot temperatures", "a shortage of food", "a shortage of drinking water" ]	1B
Fires in forests from lightning rid the forest of dead branches and leaves. If the trees survive and the soil remains intact, the forest will experience regrowth to its climax state by which process?	[ "tropism", "succession", "gradualism", "eutrophication" ]	1B
A class planted trees and shrubs in an empty dirt lot beside the school. The roots of the plants can help protect the soil. The soil is most likely being protected from what?	[ "a drought", "wind erosion", "an earthquake", "water pollution" ]	1B
In the process of photosynthesis, sunlight is converted into	[ "chemical energy.", "nuclear energy.", "mechanical energy.", "kinetic energy." ]	0A
Vascular plants have tissue called xylem. Which of these is transported by the xylem?	[ "food made by the plant", "water needed by the plant", "pollen for plant reproduction", "carbon dioxide for photosynthesis" ]	1B
If Lisa wants to experiment with bean plants, which of these is the best example of a hypothesis?	[ "Bean plants come in many types.", "Fertilizer is good for bean plants.", "All bean plants are related to each other.", "Fertilizer will make bean plants grow taller." ]	3D
A jeweler melts gold to make jewelry. As the gold melts, the mass	[ "increases.", "decreases.", "is destroyed.", "stays the same." ]	3D
Which of the following tools is most useful for tightening a small mechanical fastener?	[ "chisel", "pliers", "sander", "saw" ]	1B
Oil, coal, and natural gas are fossil fuels formed under what conditions?	[ "low temperature and high pressure", "high temperature and high pressure", "low temperature and low pressure", "high temperature and low pressure" ]	1B
Some birds build nests in the spring. This nest building is a seasonal adaptation that occurs to help the birds	[ "fly south", "find food", "protect their young", "survive the winter" ]	2C
Which tool is used to measure the volume of a liquid?	[ "balance", "ruler", "thermometer", "graduated cylinder" ]	3D

When plants and animals die, which organisms help return nutrients to the food chain?

[ "decomposers", "predators", "prey", "producers" ]

0A

Which object used in an experiment can safely be recycled?

[ "an aluminum can", "a wet paper towel", "salt spilled onto a tabletop", "a broken graduated cylinder" ]

0A

Evidence that living things have evolved over hundreds of millions of years can be found in

[ "particles in the air", "rocks containing fossils", "tree rings from recently logged trees", "chemicals in human hair" ]

1B

What causes the blue color of the sky?

[ "emission of light by land and water surfaces", "reflection of light from land and water surfaces", "absorption of light by matter in the atmosphere", "scattering of light by matter in the atmosphere" ]

3D

As the population of small fish in a lake decreases, the population of large fish that depend on the small fish for food will

[ "reproduce faster", "begin to produce their own food", "decrease in number", "increase in number" ]

2C

Living organisms require energy for biological processes. Chemical energy in a plant cell is

[ "produced in vacuoles.", "converted from solar energy.", "developed by centrioles.", "stored as kinetic energy." ]

1B

Pollen is necessary for a flowering plant to

[ "grow.", "blossom.", "germinate.", "reproduce." ]

3D

Which gas makes up the greatest percentage of Earth's atmosphere?

[ "argon", "nitrogen", "nitrous oxide", "carbon dioxide" ]

1B

Which is the best explanation of the term ecology?

[ "the study of the nonliving parts of the environment", "the study of the living parts of the environment", "the study of the protection and renewal of natural resources", "the study of organisms and their interactions with the environment" ]

3D

A student leaves a rock in the Sun on a bright afternoon. An hour after sunset, the weather is cool, but the rock still feels warm. The student has demonstrated a property of the rock resulting directly from which of the rock's other properties?

[ "its reactivity", "its magnetism", "its specific heat", "its chemical energy" ]

2C

Which characteristic is not an inherited trait?

[ "size", "eye color", "skin color", "personality" ]

3D

Eating leafy vegetables is important for human health. This is because leafy vegetables are a good source of which of the following?

[ "protein", "carbohydrates", "minerals", "fat" ]

2C

What is necessary to use on a telescope in order to photograph solar flares and solar prominences?

[ "a light filter", "a chronograph", "an electric drive", "a series of mirrors" ]

0A

Near Earth's equator, water generally exists naturally in the liquid and gas states. In which other part of Earth is water usually found naturally in only two states?

[ "Indian Ocean", "interior of Africa", "South Pole", "Tropic of Cancer" ]

2C

A cat jumps when startled by a loud noise. This is an example of an organism

[ "sensing and responding to its external environment", "sensing and responding to its internal environment", "changing and controlling its external environment", "changing and controlling its internal environment" ]

0A

Which of the following materials would best slow the transfer of heat?

[ "aluminum", "copper", "glass", "wood" ]

3D

What can cause a moving object to increase its speed in a forward direction?

[ "a force pushing on the object from the opposite direction", "a force that continually acts on the object in the direction the object is moving", "an increase in the mass of the object", "a decrease in the mass of the object" ]

1B

In which oceanic zone do clams and crabs survive by burrowing in the sand?

[ "oceanic", "intertidal", "deep ocean", "open ocean" ]

1B

A manufacturing industry has asked to relocate its plant to your town. From an environmental perspective, which question is least important to ask before deciding whether the industry may move to your town?

[ "How will the plant affect wildlife of the area?", "What kinds of pollution will the plant produce?", "What impact will the plant have on the population of the town?", "What are the uses of the products that the plant will manufacture?" ]

3D

Some meteorologists use visual aids such as diagrams, maps, and charts when they present the weather to television viewers. How do different types of visual aids help the viewers understand complex weather phenomena?

[ "by combining knowledge from past reports with new information", "by providing information collected by other meteorologists", "by checking the accuracy of each part of the weather report", "by showing many components that impact the weather" ]

3D

Which renewable energy resource possesses the greatest potential for providing renewable energy to meet the future needs of the southern United States?

[ "tidal", "water", "solar", "coal" ]

2C

A student performs an experiment and the results are shown below: Before- Iron filings are brown, small, and magnetic: Copper sulfate crystals are blue, brittle, and not magnetic. After- The copper formed was reddish, solid, and not magnetic: Iron sulfide solution was colorless and not magnetic. Which statement supports that a chemical reaction took place?

[ "Changes in color occurred.", "A new substance was formed.", "A physical change in the iron occurred.", "The original substances were present after." ]

1B

In order for rocks to be classified as igneous, the rocks must

[ "solidify at the surface of Earth.", "be eroded and deposited in layers.", "be formed from magma.", "change form when pressure is applied." ]

2C

Which of these is most likely the cause of a father and son having almost identical-sounding voices?

[ "learned behaviors", "environmental conditions", "inherited characteristics", "instinctive characteristics" ]

2C

Frog eggs hatch into tadpoles, and then tadpoles gradually develop into frogs. This process is known as

[ "adolescence.", "crossbreeding.", "regeneration.", "metamorphosis." ]

3D

Many people like to use microwave ovens rather than traditional ovens. The main reason for this is that microwave ovens

[ "take less time to cook food than regular ovens do.", "get hotter than regular ovens.", "do not leave spattered grease or food on the inside.", "cannot overcook food." ]

0A

When trees are removed from an area in a tropical rainforest, the area experiences an increase in soil erosion. Which statement best explains why removing the trees can lead to soil erosion?

[ "Less bedrock will be available to make soil.", "There will be fewer roots to hold the soil in place.", "The number of soil-eating insects in the area will increase.", "The amount of solar radiation reaching the ground will increase." ]

1B

What information is needed to calculate the speed of a car?

[ "the road conditions and type of tires", "the type of engine and the amount of gas used by the engine", "the car length and distance traveled", "the distance travel" ]

3D

Freda always hangs her wet swimsuit outdoors after getting out of the swimming pool. Which of the following is least likely to affect the rate at which Freda's swimsuit dries?

[ "the heat of the Sun", "the speed of the wind", "the temperature of the water in the pool", "the amount of water vapor in the air" ]

2C

Maria collected the gas given off by a glowing piece of charcoal. The gas was then bubbled through a small amount of colorless limewater. Part of Maria's report stated, "After the gas was put into the jar, the limewater gradually changed to a milky white color." This statement is

[ "an observation", "a conclusion", "a generalization", "an assumption of the investigation (E) a hypothesis" ]

0A

Some butterflies live an average of two weeks. This period of time is called a life

[ "process", "span", "change", "cycle" ]

1B

Which two body systems work together to transport oxygen to the cells?

[ "skeletal and respiratory", "digestive and respiratory", "respiratory and circulatory", "respiratory and reproductive" ]

2C

Some localized layers of rock contain the element iridium. Iridium is most often found in space objects such as meteoroids and asteroids. The discovery of these iridium-containing layers has been matched to which phenomena in Earth's history?

[ "tectonic plate separations", "mass species extinctions", "orbital path changes", "magnetic pole reversals" ]

1B

Which of these converts electrical energy to light energy?

[ "a star", "a flashlight", "a campfire", "a tea kettle" ]

1B

Darwin's theory that animal species can change over time was inspired by his research on which set of islands?

[ "the Philippine Islands", "the Virgin Islands", "the Hawaiian Islands", "the Galapagos Islands" ]

3D

An athlete is running a race. The athlete's body needs energy. Which organelle(s) in the athlete's cells supply the energy for cellular functions?

[ "Golgi apparatus", "mitochondrion", "ribosome", "nucleus" ]

1B

Which of these would best help a scientist discover a new planet?

[ "making a model of outer space", "asking questions to other scientists", "collecting information about planets", "looking at the night sky with a telescope" ]

3D

Which of these lists has only products that come from plants?

[ "Paper, spices, and fibers", "Wool, lumber, and butter", "Medicines, leather, and milk", "Cotton, rubber, and eggs" ]

0A

Why is some food dehydrated for astronauts to eat in space?

[ "to make the food less messy to eat", "to preserve the food for extended flights", "to increase the food's nutritional content", "to keep the food from floating off the plate" ]

1B

Perfume sprayed from a bottle spreads more easily in a warm room of 25°C than in a cool room of 15°C. Which of the following correctly compares perfume molecules at 25°C to those at 15°C?

[ "At 25°C, they have more mass.", "At 25°C, they are moving faster.", "At 25°C, they have less kinetic energy.", "At 25°C, they are decreasing in volume." ]

1B

Which of the following is believed to be one cause of global warming?

[ "atmospheric rise of carbon dioxide", "hot air from air conditioner exhaust", "methane gas escaping from landfills", "body heat generated by overpopulation" ]

0A

What product was being formed as plants died and sank to the bottom of swamps?

[ "oil", "gas", "coal", "shale" ]

2C

What is the approximate length of time it takes the Moon to complete one lunar cycle?

[ "14 days", "29 days", "180 days", "365 days" ]

1B

A line graph is best used when the measured variable is

[ "changing at a constant rate.", "nearly equal in several trials.", "being compared to a control.", "observed at one point in time." ]

0A

All living things need energy to survive. What is the primary source of energy for all living things?

[ "plants", "the sun", "water", "the wind" ]

1B

If a chemical reaction such as photosynthesis begins with 6 atoms of carbon [C], how many atoms of carbon [C] should be in the products?

[ "12 atoms of carbon [C]", "6 atoms of carbon [C]", "3 atoms of carbon [C]", "2 atoms of carbon [C]" ]

1B

Which object refracts light?

[ "mirror", "silver spoon", "foil", "glass prism" ]

3D

A gastroenterologist is a doctor who treats problems of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Which organ system is cared for by this type of doctor?

[ "circulatory system", "muscular system", "digestive system", "nervous system" ]

2C

Which event becomes more likely during a drought in a prairie ecosystem?

[ "fire", "tornado", "landslide", "earthquake" ]

0A

When scientists publish papers describing the results and conclusions of their experiments, members of the scientific community should

[ "collect their own data and rewrite the paper.", "evaluate the evidence in the paper.", "accept the paper as fact.", "ask the writer to write an alternate paper." ]

1B

Kim lost her hammer outside. When she found it a few months later, some parts of the metal were covered with flaky, brown rust. Which type of change occurred when rust formed on the hammer?

[ "chemical", "electrical", "thermal", "physical" ]

0A

Which human activity has most negatively affected air quality?

[ "burning coal", "growing crops", "using solar energy cells", "constructing nuclear power plants" ]

0A

Most of the bacteria in a forest ecosystem are best classified as which of the following types of organisms?

[ "consumers", "decomposers", "predators", "producers" ]

1B

A pencil falls off of a desk. What moves the pencil toward the floor?

[ "mass", "friction", "gravity", "speed" ]

2C

All of the processes listed below cause changes in Earth's surface. Which of the following is the slowest to change Earth's surface?

[ "earthquake activity", "landslide", "volcanic eruption", "weathering" ]

3D

A group of students was preparing an activity to determine whether certain materials will float or sink when placed on water. Before the experiment started, one student said, "I think the sponge will float." This statement was

[ "a conclusion", "a fact", "an observation", "a prediction" ]

3D

What tool is used to determine the mass of an object?

[ "Balance", "Meter stick", "Thermometer", "Graduated cylinder" ]

0A

According to the Periodic Table of the Elements, mercury (Hg) is different from other metals because mercury is

[ "solid at room temperature.", "liquid at room temperature.", "lighter than all other metals.", "heavier than all other metals." ]

1B

When using more than the recommended amounts of pesticide on farmland, yards, and gardens, what is most likely to occur?

[ "Higher levels of pesticide may be less effective.", "The pesticides may break down quickly.", "Water supplies can be contaminated by pesticide runoff.", "The pesticide will increase the plant production." ]

2C

According to the fossil record, when did episodes of rapid speciation commonly take place?

[ "while Earth's continents were joined", "while Earth's habitats were stable", "before major climatic changes", "following mass extinctions" ]

3D

A deer inherits some of its features from its parents. Other features come from its environment. Which feature would a deer most likely inherit from its parents?

[ "a long scar", "brown eyes", "missing teeth", "a broken antler" ]

1B

What is the smallest structural and functional unit of the nervous system?

[ "brain", "organ", "neuron", "spinal cord" ]

2C

Male peacocks have large brightly colored tail feathers. What is the most likely reason for this?

[ "to attract potential mates", "to distract potential predators", "to help catch food", "to preserve warmth" ]

0A

In a city, the daily high and low 16 temperatures for a month are best represented by which of the following?

[ "flow chart", "line graph", "pictograph", "pie chart" ]

1B

Drew was measuring the growth of a vine that can grow almost 31 cm a day. Which would be the best way to record his data of the growth over a period of a day?

[ "a bar graph", "a line graph", "a pie graph", "a picture graph" ]

1B

All of the following are functions of a cell membrane except

[ "surrounding and protecting the contents of the cell.", "releasing waste products from the cell.", "producing energy for cell processes.", "allowing gases to enter the cell." ]

2C

Which characteristic will a baby chimpanzee inherit from its parents?

[ "fur color", "hunting skills", "feeding behavior", "sleeping routine" ]

0A

Which object is the best conductor of electricity?

[ "a wax crayon", "a plastic spoon", "a rubber eraser", "an iron nail" ]

3D

Why are some rocks smoother and rounder than others?

[ "They have the shapes of the minerals from which they are made.", "They were smoothed by the action of wind and water.", "They were squeezed up through the soil.", "They hardened in rounded pockets of soil." ]

1B

A vaccine can prevent a serious disease. When a new vaccine is developed, it is given to a small group of people. Why would it be important to test each vaccine on a small group of people before everyone can have one?

[ "to figure out how much the vaccine is worth", "to determine how the vaccine will affect people", "to understand how that disease affects the human body", "to find out how many people are affected by the disease" ]

1B

When can producers make the most food?

[ "summer, because there is more sunlight", "summer, because there is more heat", "spring, because there is more rain", "spring, because there are more leaves" ]

0A

Plants have special tissues that transport food, water, and minerals throughout the plant. What are these tissues similar to in animals?

[ "stomach and intestines", "spinal cord and brain", "arteries and veins", "kidneys and liver" ]

2C

Which of the following statements best explains how the decomposition of plant and animal matter helps to form rich soils?

[ "Decomposition adds silt to soil.", "Decomposition adds water to soil.", "Decomposition adds oxygen to soil.", "Decomposition adds nutrients to soil." ]

3D

Beans and coal both have stored energy. Where did the energy come from that is stored in beans and coal?

[ "From the Earth's gravity", "From the Sun's light", "From the heat in the Earth's core", "From the air's carbon dioxide" ]

1B

A metal ball has a constant velocity of zero. Which other quantity must also be zero?

[ "weight of the ball", "energy of the ball", "acceleration of the ball", "inertia of the ball" ]

2C

What geographic obstacle causes water to condense in an air mass as the air mass moves?

[ "forests", "oceans", "prairies", "mountains" ]

3D

If an object is attracted to a magnet, the object is most likely made of

[ "wood", "plastic", "cardboard", "metal" ]

3D

Which explains the pattern of day and night?

[ "Earth orbits the sun.", "Earth spins on its axis.", "The sun only transmits light energy during the daytime.", "The sun only transmits light energy above the equator." ]

1B

Which is the best plan to make the fossil fuel supply last longer?

[ "mine more coal", "reduce car pollution", "produce more gasoline", "reduce electricity use" ]

3D

The stages of evolution of a star are determined by the mass of the star at the beginning of its life cycle. Which stage of evolution is the oldest form of a massive star?

[ "red giant", "supernova", "neutron star", "white dwarf" ]

2C

Which of these best indicates that sediments can be changed into rock?

[ "layers of sandstone", "igneous intrusions", "lava beds", "mountains with gneiss" ]

0A

Carbon cycles through several Earth subsystems. Which sequence most directly leads to the cycling of carbon that can result in the formation of petroleum?

[ "biosphere to lithosphere", "atmosphere to lithosphere", "hydrosphere to atmosphere", "biosphere to atmosphere" ]

0A

Which word best describes the speed of a cart that has a positive velocity and a negative acceleration?

[ "slow", "fast", "decreasing", "increasing" ]

2C

A hurricane is a heat engine which converts one kind of energy into another. Hurricanes convert most of the heat energy into

[ "chemical energy.", "electrical energy.", "mechanical energy.", "potential energy." ]

2C

Which of the following is a crucial piece of evidence supporting scientists' theory of how the continents and the ocean basins formed?

[ "Gravitational forces result in the fusion of small atoms.", "A differentiated iron core expresses magnetic properties.", "Currents redistribute heat in an unevenly heated liquid.", "A stream of charged ions disperses lightweight gases." ]

2C

What motion causes day and night?

[ "revolution of Earth", "revolution of the Moon", "rotation of Earth", "rotation of the Moon" ]

2C

The axis of Earth is tilted at an angle of 23.5° from the vertical position. Which of the following is the main result of this tilt?

[ "tides", "eclipses", "length of year", "change of seasons" ]

3D

In an earthquake, the primary waves move through

[ "air", "water", "soil", "rock" ]

3D

Which of the following is the major cause of tides?

[ "heating of the oceans by the Sun", "gravitational pull of the Moon", "earthquakes on the ocean floor", "changes in wind direction" ]

1B

A dog opens its mouth and lets its tongue hang out. A human's body produces sweat. These are two ways that organisms may adjust to

[ "cold temperatures", "hot temperatures", "a shortage of food", "a shortage of drinking water" ]

1B

Fires in forests from lightning rid the forest of dead branches and leaves. If the trees survive and the soil remains intact, the forest will experience regrowth to its climax state by which process?

[ "tropism", "succession", "gradualism", "eutrophication" ]

1B

A class planted trees and shrubs in an empty dirt lot beside the school. The roots of the plants can help protect the soil. The soil is most likely being protected from what?

[ "a drought", "wind erosion", "an earthquake", "water pollution" ]

1B

In the process of photosynthesis, sunlight is converted into

[ "chemical energy.", "nuclear energy.", "mechanical energy.", "kinetic energy." ]

0A

Vascular plants have tissue called xylem. Which of these is transported by the xylem?

[ "food made by the plant", "water needed by the plant", "pollen for plant reproduction", "carbon dioxide for photosynthesis" ]

1B

If Lisa wants to experiment with bean plants, which of these is the best example of a hypothesis?

[ "Bean plants come in many types.", "Fertilizer is good for bean plants.", "All bean plants are related to each other.", "Fertilizer will make bean plants grow taller." ]

3D

A jeweler melts gold to make jewelry. As the gold melts, the mass

[ "increases.", "decreases.", "is destroyed.", "stays the same." ]

3D

Which of the following tools is most useful for tightening a small mechanical fastener?

[ "chisel", "pliers", "sander", "saw" ]

1B

Oil, coal, and natural gas are fossil fuels formed under what conditions?

[ "low temperature and high pressure", "high temperature and high pressure", "low temperature and low pressure", "high temperature and low pressure" ]

1B

Some birds build nests in the spring. This nest building is a seasonal adaptation that occurs to help the birds

[ "fly south", "find food", "protect their young", "survive the winter" ]

2C

Which tool is used to measure the volume of a liquid?

[ "balance", "ruler", "thermometer", "graduated cylinder" ]

3D