epanner/MNLP_M3_mcqa_dataset · Datasets at Hugging Face

question stringlengths 1 6.54k	choices listlengths 4 4	answer class label 4 classes
The functions of a plant's roots are to support the plant and	[ "make food", "produce fruit", "take in water and nutrients", "aid in germination" ]	2C
All of the inherited traits that are passed to offspring during asexual reproduction come from a single	[ "egg.", "sperm.", "virus.", "parent." ]	3D
What energy transformation occurs when an electric lamp is turned on?	[ "electrical energy to light and heat energy", "light energy to electrical and mechanical energy", "heat energy to electrical and light energy", "electrical energy to mechanical and heat energy" ]	0A
Which phase change in the atmosphere forms clouds?	[ "evaporation", "freezing", "condensation", "melting" ]	2C
Where are the most reactive nonmetals located on the periodic table?	[ "the uppermost complete row of the table", "the rows at the bottom of the table connecting two sections", "the column at the far left side of the table", "the second column from the right side of the table" ]	3D
Who was a leading authority on continental drift in the early 1900s?	[ "Alfred Wegener", "Albert Einstein", "Charles Richter", "Charles Darwin" ]	0A
In addition to oxygen, which gases make up the largest percentage of Earth's atmosphere?	[ "hydrogen, helium, and water vapor", "hydrogen, methane, and ozone", "carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen", "carbon dioxide, methane, and helium" ]	2C
For many years, people have been curious about the stars. In the past, people have shared what they knew about the stars through stories and drawings. Which pair of tools would be most helpful for people today to gather and share information about stars?	[ "a notebook and a calculator", "a telescope and a computer", "a calculator and a microscope", "a microscope and a telescope" ]	1B
During a presentation on astronomy, Professor Williams discussed various measurements in space. Which objects was she referring to when she talked about how astronomical units (AU) were determined?	[ "the Sun and Earth", "the Moon and Earth", "the inner and outer planets", "the Sun and the closest star" ]	0A
As more people have moved to the beach, the sea turtle population has decreased. Which is most likely the cause of this decrease?	[ "tropical storms", "increase in predators", "habitat loss", "warmer temperatures" ]	2C
The skin of a chameleon can change colors to help it blend with its surroundings. How would this adaptation most likely help a chameleon survive?	[ "by scaring predators away from the chameleon", "by attracting prey animals to the chameleon", "by sending a signal to other chameleons", "by helping the chameleon hide from its predators" ]	3D
A student examines a new watch design. The watch has a small solar cell on its face. The main function of the solar cell is to	[ "reduce the cost of the watch.", "provide an energy source for the watch.", "make the watch more attractive.", "stop the watch from speeding up." ]	1B
The presence of which of the following geological features provides the best evidence that glaciers once covered an area?	[ "wide riverbeds", "U-shaped valleys", "underground caves", "groundwater springs" ]	1B
Which of these is a way the people of Virginia can help restore a natural ecosystem?	[ "Burn their trash", "Plant native plants", "Feed leftover meals to deer", "Drain automobile oil into the grass" ]	1B
A student wants to figure out how many calories are needed to perform various activities. A list of some everyday activities is made, and the number of calories burned during each activity is recorded. Which method is the best way for the student to display and evaluate the information?	[ "write a paragraph", "make a line graph", "develop a formula", "create a table" ]	3D
Sedimentary deposits formed from organic material tend to include a high amount of	[ "iron.", "nickel.", "carbon.", "silicon." ]	2C
According to the Big Bang Theory, which element most likely formed first?	[ "carbon dioxide", "hydrogen", "oxygen", "nitrogen" ]	1B
Tim and Carla play catch with a ball. Which term describes the motion of a ball?	[ "shape", "size", "speed", "weight" ]	2C
Which set of equipment would be best to use when investigating what is found in a sample of pond water?	[ "net, gloves, specimen bags", "beaker, calculator, graph paper", "microscope, eye dropper, slides", "measuring tape, thermometer, clipboard" ]	2C
The Theory of Plate Tectonics revolutionized scientific thought because it	[ "explained the movement of oceanic and continental crusts.", "demonstrated how tidal forces affect coastlines.", "mapped the pattern and frequency of earthquakes.", "explained the mineral differences between continents." ]	0A
How does repeating an experiment improve the likelihood of obtaining accurate results?	[ "Data can be compared.", "Time can be decreased.", "Equipment can be added.", "Procedures can be changed." ]	0A
One hundred grams of water and 100 grams of vegetable oil are heated in identical containers at 70°C for 5 minutes. Their temperatures at the end of 5 minutes are different due to the difference in which property?	[ "volume", "specific heat", "conductivity", "chemical energy" ]	1B
There are MORE hours of sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere during which season?	[ "spring", "summer", "fall", "winter" ]	1B
Which force produces energy as heat?	[ "pull", "gravity", "friction", "magnetic" ]	2C
Biologists have discovered that the beluga whales of Canada's St. Lawrence River have the highest rates of cancer among animals. What is most likely the reason for this high incidence of cancer in these whales?	[ "chemical and pollutant runoff into the ocean", "average temperatures increased in the region", "depletion of natural prey from the ecosystem", "increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere" ]	0A
Reading from left to right, elements in the same period on the Periodic Table of the Elements	[ "have the same reactivity.", "decrease in atomic mass.", "increase in atomic number.", "have the same number of electrons." ]	2C
A device that converts light energy into electricity used in many handheld calculators is a	[ "battery.", "photocell.", "photo generator.", "photovoltaic cell." ]	3D
Which most accurately describes a circle (pie) graph?	[ "used to demonstrate change in temperature only", "used to demonstrate change that is continuous", "used to demonstrate change that is not continuous", "used to describe how part of the data relates to all of the data" ]	3D
Which organisms benefit in the relationship between bees and flowering plants?	[ "only the bees", "only the flowering plants", "both the bees and the flowering plants", "neither the bees nor the flowering plants" ]	2C
The orbit of Earth is almost circular and has a period of about 365 days. Compared to the orbit of Earth, which of these objects usually have highly elliptical orbits and can have periods of over 1000 years?	[ "asteroids", "meteorites", "comets", "moons" ]	2C
How is the theory of plate tectonics different from a hypothesis regarding a certain aspect of plate movement?	[ "The theory addresses an Earth-science topic.", "The theory may change if new evidence emerges.", "The theory explains a number of related observations.", "The theory can be evaluated by a single-variable experiment." ]	2C
A large quantity of heavy rain falling in a short time period will most likely	[ "reduce the amount of nutrients in the soil.", "increase the number of minerals in the soil.", "reduce oxygen levels in the soil.", "increase the temperature of the soil." ]	0A
An artificial pacemaker is a device that regulates the beat of the heart by an electrical stimulus. Some early pacemakers were powered by batteries and were worn externally with wires passing through the skin to the surface of the heart. Modern pacemakers are now much smaller and are implanted surgically. Which most likely has increased the lifespan and effectiveness of artificial pacemakers?	[ "the development of thinner wires", "the invention of lithium batteries", "mass production of pacemaker parts", "reducing the cost of producing pacemakers" ]	1B
A balloon filled with helium gas is set free and starts to move upward. Which of the following best explains why the helium balloon moves upward?	[ "The density of helium is less than the density of air.", "The air resistance lifts the balloon up.", "There is no gravity acting on the helium balloons.", "The wind blows the balloon upward." ]	0A
Oscar and Andre used a microscope to observe a sample of pond water and drew an example of each type of organism they saw. Then they compared their drawings. They discovered that their drawings of a euglena and a paramecium were alike, but their amoeba drawings had very different shapes. What are two things that Oscar's amoeba could have been doing that made his drawing look different from Andre's?	[ "eating and moving", "moving and digesting", "digesting and excreting", "excreting and eating" ]	0A
The reading on a barometer rises when the air	[ "pressure increases.", "pressure decreases.", "speed increases.", "speed decreases." ]	0A
Which of the following processes is responsible for changing liquid water into water vapor?	[ "photosynthesis", "condensation", "evaporation", "precipitation" ]	2C
In an atom, protons plus neutrons make up the atom's	[ "electric charge.", "atomic mass.", "atomic number.", "electron number." ]	1B
A generator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy by using a conducting metal loop turning in a	[ "magnetic field.", "gravitational field.", "steel sphere.", "copper sphere." ]	0A
Deer live in forest for shelter. If the forest was cut down, which situation would most likely happen?	[ "The deer would find shelter in a different habitat.", "The deer would wait for the forest to grow back.", "The deer would move to another forest area.", "The deer would change the type of foods they eat." ]	2C
Which physical property is important to have in a material used in cookware?	[ "poor conductor of heat", "good conductor of heat", "low flexibility", "high flexibility" ]	1B
Which sentence describes a characteristic of offspring produced by sexual reproduction?	[ "The offspring have half the amount of genetic material as the parents.", "The offspring contain genetic material from both parents.", "The female offspring contain only genes from the mother.", "The male offspring contain only genes from the father." ]	1B
What is involved in creating genetically modified bacteria?	[ "allowing them to reproduce freely", "changing their food source", "using biotechnology techniques", "growing them on selected plants" ]	2C
Which of the following structures does a frog develop as it changes from a tadpole to an adult frog?	[ "eyes", "heart", "lungs", "tail" ]	2C
One cause of heat in a car engine is caused by friction between parts. Which of these reduces the amount of heat produced by friction?	[ "fan", "oil", "gasoline", "battery" ]	1B
The primary functions of the digestive system are to break down food, absorb nutrients and excrete wastes. Once food is absorbed, what system is responsible for carrying the nutrients to the body cells?	[ "respiratory system", "circulatory system", "nervous system", "skeletal system" ]	1B
If you breathe on a mirror, part of the mirror clouds up. What are you actually seeing when you see the mirror cloud up?	[ "Water droplets that formed from cooled water vapor in your breath", "Carbon dioxide that you are breathing out from your lungs", "Oxygen that you are breathing out from your lungs", "Cooled nitrogen in the air around you" ]	0A
The surface of the Moon is made up of	[ "craters, highlands, and flat areas", "swirling gases", "large bodies of water", "a mixture of gases and water" ]	0A
Which sequence correctly shows the levels of increasing organization in the human body?	[ "tissues -> cells -> organ systems -> organs", "cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ systems", "organs -> organ systems -> cells -> tissues", "organ systems -> organs -> tissues -> cells" ]	1B
Which layer of the atmosphere contains the greatest amount of water vapor?	[ "thermosphere", "mesosphere", "stratosphere", "troposphere" ]	3D
What should a scientist do to help make sure the results of an experiment are unbiased?	[ "Keep the results a secret.", "Do the math without a calculator.", "Change all of the variables in the experiment.", "Ask other scientists to attempt to reproduce the results." ]	3D
Which property of water allows it to dissolve many different substances?	[ "It is a polar molecule.", "It contains hydrogen atoms.", "It has a high melting point.", "It has a low density." ]	0A
Nevada is much drier than regions in California that are at the same latitude. Compared to these regions in California, which feature of Nevada contributes most to this dry climate?	[ "mountain ranges to the west", "high mean elevation", "frequent earthquakes", "soil with a high sand content" ]	0A
A chemist observed bubbling and fizzing after adding an acid solution to a white powdery substance in a beaker. Which of the following can be inferred?	[ "The acid boiled when poured into the beaker.", "The acid and powder formed a new product.", "A physical reaction produced a gas mixture.", "A reaction occurred that produced heat." ]	1B
Which of the following is visible through a reflecting telescope?	[ "planets around other stars", "black holes in deep space", "moons around Jupiter", "surface of Saturn" ]	2C
A student is using hydrochloric acid in an investigation. Which piece of safety equipment is most important during this investigation?	[ "mask", "goggles", "fire extinguisher", "disinfectant spray" ]	1B
Generally, the deeper rock layers of Earth are older than shallower rock layers. How can the collision of two tectonic plates change the order of the rock layers?	[ "The rock layers contain pollutants that dissolve soil.", "The rock layers lack water due to extended droughts.", "The rock layers are compressed forming faults and folds.", "The rock layers are moved closer to rivers which erode landforms." ]	2C
Which instrument should a student use to best examine bacteria?	[ "telescope", "hand lens", "microscope", "computer probes" ]	2C
Matter that is vibrating is producing ___.	[ "gas", "light", "sound", "shadows" ]	2C
Falling and rising air and water molecules inside of clouds are believed to be factors in the formation of lightning. Which kind of energy transfer is taking place to cause this weather phenomenon?	[ "electrical to thermal", "thermal to mechanical", "chemical to mechanical", "mechanical to electrical" ]	3D
Sleet, rain, snow, and hail are forms of	[ "erosion", "evaporation", "groundwater", "precipitation" ]	3D
A windstorm knocks down many trees in a national park. Timber companies want to get rid of the fallen trees. How would this most likely harm the park ecosystem?	[ "reduces the risk of fire", "decreases erosion problems", "increases the risk of drought", "removes available nutrients" ]	3D
A plant has yellow flowers. What best explains why the flowers are yellow?	[ "The sunshine colored the flowers yellow.", "The flowers of the parent plants were yellow.", "It was very warm when they flowered.", "It rained every day." ]	1B
Which tool is used to determine the mass of an object?	[ "ruler", "beaker", "balance", "thermometer" ]	2C
Prairie dogs can run very quickly. This adaptation enables the prairie dog to	[ "attract mates.", "intimidate predators.", "escape from predators.", "chase after their young." ]	2C
A student has a liquid that does not mix with water. To predict whether the liquid will float on water or sink beneath it, which tools should be used to examine the liquid?	[ "ruler and compass", "microscope and voltmeter", "graduated cylinder and balance", "thermometer and Bunsen burner" ]	2C
Samuel investigated the effect of temperature on the growth of snapdragons. He recorded the results from the investigation and found that snapdragons do not grow well in low temperatures. What is the purpose of this conclusion in the scientific process?	[ "It helps to organize the data.", "It helps to evaluate the hypothesis.", "It helps to prepare for an investigation.", "It helps to collect information from observations." ]	1B
Which of the following best describes the purpose of cellular respiration?	[ "to provide energy for cell activities", "to produce sugar for storage in cells", "to release oxygen for breathing", "to supply carbon dioxide for photosynthesis" ]	0A
In a meadow ecosystem, mice receive most of the energy they need to survive directly from which of the following sources?	[ "minerals", "oxygen", "plants", "water" ]	2C
Which environmental stimulus causes leaves on certain trees to change color in autumn?	[ "loss of nutrients in the forest soil", "lower air humidity in the forest", "changes to amount of light", "competition for survival" ]	2C
What is the name of the product formed from the reaction shown below? 4Fe(III) + 3O_{2} -> 2Fe_{2}O_{3}	[ "iron (II) oxide", "iron (III) oxide", "oxygen ferrite", "diferrous trioxide" ]	1B
What type of galaxy is the Milky Way?	[ "spiral", "elliptical", "irregular", "oval" ]	0A
One thing that all human cells have in common is that they	[ "control the brain.", "make food.", "move blood.", "take in energy." ]	3D
Which two systems of the body are interacting when a runner sprains his ankle?	[ "the nervous system and the digestive system", "the digestive system and the circulatory system", "the respiratory system and the nervous system", "the muscular system and the nervous system" ]	3D
Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. It rotates on its axis once about every 10 hours. What time period on Earth would be 10 hours long if Earth rotated on its axis once every 10 hours?	[ "a day", "a week", "a month", "a year" ]	0A
The elements sulfur (S) and oxygen (O2) combine to form a substance called sulfur dioxide (SO2). Sulfur dioxide is also formed when coal and oil are burned. Sulfur dioxide can best be described as	[ "a metal", "an atom", "a compound", "a nonreactive gas" ]	2C
Which is a major difference between the life cycles of different types of plants?	[ "the way they die", "the energy they use", "the way they reproduce", "the way they make food" ]	2C
Sunlight passes through the windows of a car and causes the car seats to get hot. Which type of energy flow is involved in heating the seats?	[ "conduction", "convection", "insulation", "radiation" ]	3D
When a large oak tree is cut down in a forest, it leaves a gap in the forest canopy which allows smaller trees to quickly grow in the available sunlight. Which interaction is best represented among the smaller trees?	[ "parasitism", "mutualism", "competition", "commensalism" ]	2C
How long does it take for the Moon to rotate on its axis?	[ "one day", "one year", "one week", "one month" ]	3D
What is one way that humans can maintain good health?	[ "sleep all day", "exercise daily", "eat snacks often", "stay up late" ]	1B
Which is an example of a group of cells with a common structure and function?	[ "stomach", "muscle tissue", "mitochondria", "digestive system" ]	1B
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease caused by an autosomal recessive gene. If each parent carries one sickle cell allele, what are the chances that their child will have sickle cell anemia?	[ "no chance", "one in four", "two in four", "three in four" ]	1B
Which statement describes animal embryos?	[ "display all the features of an adult", "represent the earliest stage of development", "have the same number of cells as a fertilized egg", "have half the number of chromosomes as an adult" ]	1B
The average temperature of the surface of Earth has increased approximately 1°C in the past century. Which reason best explains this increase in temperature?	[ "higher levels of oxygen in the atmosphere", "lower levels of ozone in the atmosphere", "higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere", "lower levels of nitrogen in the atmosphere" ]	2C
As the population in an area grows, water usage increases. Eventually, water usage can outstrip the supply. Which measure to increase the amount of available water demonstrates the best stewardship of the resource?	[ "discovering new reservoirs of water in the aquifer", "reducing water usage through conservation measures", "combining hydrogen with oxygen to make water", "piping in water from an aquifer elsewhere" ]	1B
Which action illustrates a chemical change?	[ "painting a wood chest", "sawing a wood plank", "burning wood chips", "cutting down a tree" ]	2C
Which tool could be used to help someone count the number of ladybugs on a leaf?	[ "hand lens", "meter stick", "microscope", "graduated cylinder" ]	0A
Which two activities use most of the water used in an average U.S. household?	[ "flushing toilets and washing clothes", "washing clothes and using sink faucets", "using sink faucets and showering", "showering and flushing toilets" ]	0A
Which are the best tools to use for growing and studying bacterial cultures?	[ "beakers", "Petri dishes", "microscopes", "graduated cylinders" ]	1B
Which effect would the growing of legume crops such as beans and soybeans have?	[ "increase the efficiency of photosynthesis", "greater immunity of crops against diseases", "fewer bacteria in soil and in living organisms", "more usable nitrogen for other plants" ]	3D
Which relationship between Earth's outer core and inner core generates a large portion of Earth's magnetic field?	[ "their relative masses", "their relative motions", "their relative diameters", "their relative circumferences" ]	1B
Which order of succession of natural communities would most likely occur in New York State?	[ "grasses -> trees -> bushes", "trees -> bushes -> grasses", "bushes -> grasses -> trees", "grasses -> bushes -> trees" ]	3D
White light can be separated into all of its component colors by	[ "mixing the three primary colors of light.", "passing the light through a prism.", "passing the light through a colored filter.", "using a translucent material to filter the light." ]	1B
An Italian scientist named Alessandro Volta invented the Voltaic pile in 1800. It was able to produce a steady electrical current. Based on this description, what is the modern equivalent of the Voltaic pile?	[ "a wire", "a battery", "a resistor", "a light bulb" ]	1B
Which would cause the most soil to erode from a river bank in just a few days?	[ "animals climbing up the river bank", "acid rain falling onto the river bank", "heat from the sun drying the river bank", "water from a flood flowing over the river bank" ]	3D
A student is measuring a liquid in a graduated cylinder. The student is not tall enough to read the measurement at eye level. Which of these is the best action for the student to take to read the measurement correctly?	[ "stand on a chair", "estimate the amount", "pour out some of the liquid until it is at eye level", "move the graduated cylinder to a lower table" ]	3D
When Isaac Newton theorized that gravity caused objects to fall to the ground, he had also discovered the force that causes	[ "chemicals to react.", "volcanoes to erupt.", "lightning to strike Earth.", "the planets to orbit the Sun." ]	3D
A disorder is associated with certain flaws in the human respiratory system. Which is most likely a typical symptom of this disorder?	[ "poor vision", "difficulty breathing", "reduced muscle mass", "increased saliva production" ]	1B
Which of these is the main contributor to the formation of hurricanes?	[ "high barometric pressure", "warm ocean air", "calm ocean surface", "dense surface air" ]	1B

The functions of a plant's roots are to support the plant and

[ "make food", "produce fruit", "take in water and nutrients", "aid in germination" ]

2C

All of the inherited traits that are passed to offspring during asexual reproduction come from a single

[ "egg.", "sperm.", "virus.", "parent." ]

3D

What energy transformation occurs when an electric lamp is turned on?

[ "electrical energy to light and heat energy", "light energy to electrical and mechanical energy", "heat energy to electrical and light energy", "electrical energy to mechanical and heat energy" ]

0A

Which phase change in the atmosphere forms clouds?

[ "evaporation", "freezing", "condensation", "melting" ]

2C

Where are the most reactive nonmetals located on the periodic table?

[ "the uppermost complete row of the table", "the rows at the bottom of the table connecting two sections", "the column at the far left side of the table", "the second column from the right side of the table" ]

3D

Who was a leading authority on continental drift in the early 1900s?

[ "Alfred Wegener", "Albert Einstein", "Charles Richter", "Charles Darwin" ]

0A

In addition to oxygen, which gases make up the largest percentage of Earth's atmosphere?

[ "hydrogen, helium, and water vapor", "hydrogen, methane, and ozone", "carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen", "carbon dioxide, methane, and helium" ]

2C

For many years, people have been curious about the stars. In the past, people have shared what they knew about the stars through stories and drawings. Which pair of tools would be most helpful for people today to gather and share information about stars?

[ "a notebook and a calculator", "a telescope and a computer", "a calculator and a microscope", "a microscope and a telescope" ]

1B

During a presentation on astronomy, Professor Williams discussed various measurements in space. Which objects was she referring to when she talked about how astronomical units (AU) were determined?

[ "the Sun and Earth", "the Moon and Earth", "the inner and outer planets", "the Sun and the closest star" ]

0A

As more people have moved to the beach, the sea turtle population has decreased. Which is most likely the cause of this decrease?

[ "tropical storms", "increase in predators", "habitat loss", "warmer temperatures" ]

2C

The skin of a chameleon can change colors to help it blend with its surroundings. How would this adaptation most likely help a chameleon survive?

[ "by scaring predators away from the chameleon", "by attracting prey animals to the chameleon", "by sending a signal to other chameleons", "by helping the chameleon hide from its predators" ]

3D

A student examines a new watch design. The watch has a small solar cell on its face. The main function of the solar cell is to

[ "reduce the cost of the watch.", "provide an energy source for the watch.", "make the watch more attractive.", "stop the watch from speeding up." ]

1B

The presence of which of the following geological features provides the best evidence that glaciers once covered an area?

[ "wide riverbeds", "U-shaped valleys", "underground caves", "groundwater springs" ]

1B

Which of these is a way the people of Virginia can help restore a natural ecosystem?

[ "Burn their trash", "Plant native plants", "Feed leftover meals to deer", "Drain automobile oil into the grass" ]

1B

A student wants to figure out how many calories are needed to perform various activities. A list of some everyday activities is made, and the number of calories burned during each activity is recorded. Which method is the best way for the student to display and evaluate the information?

[ "write a paragraph", "make a line graph", "develop a formula", "create a table" ]

3D

Sedimentary deposits formed from organic material tend to include a high amount of

[ "iron.", "nickel.", "carbon.", "silicon." ]

2C

According to the Big Bang Theory, which element most likely formed first?

[ "carbon dioxide", "hydrogen", "oxygen", "nitrogen" ]

1B

Tim and Carla play catch with a ball. Which term describes the motion of a ball?

[ "shape", "size", "speed", "weight" ]

2C

Which set of equipment would be best to use when investigating what is found in a sample of pond water?

[ "net, gloves, specimen bags", "beaker, calculator, graph paper", "microscope, eye dropper, slides", "measuring tape, thermometer, clipboard" ]

2C

The Theory of Plate Tectonics revolutionized scientific thought because it

[ "explained the movement of oceanic and continental crusts.", "demonstrated how tidal forces affect coastlines.", "mapped the pattern and frequency of earthquakes.", "explained the mineral differences between continents." ]

0A

How does repeating an experiment improve the likelihood of obtaining accurate results?

[ "Data can be compared.", "Time can be decreased.", "Equipment can be added.", "Procedures can be changed." ]

0A

One hundred grams of water and 100 grams of vegetable oil are heated in identical containers at 70°C for 5 minutes. Their temperatures at the end of 5 minutes are different due to the difference in which property?

[ "volume", "specific heat", "conductivity", "chemical energy" ]

1B

There are MORE hours of sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere during which season?

[ "spring", "summer", "fall", "winter" ]

1B

Which force produces energy as heat?

[ "pull", "gravity", "friction", "magnetic" ]

2C

Biologists have discovered that the beluga whales of Canada's St. Lawrence River have the highest rates of cancer among animals. What is most likely the reason for this high incidence of cancer in these whales?

[ "chemical and pollutant runoff into the ocean", "average temperatures increased in the region", "depletion of natural prey from the ecosystem", "increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere" ]

0A

Reading from left to right, elements in the same period on the Periodic Table of the Elements

[ "have the same reactivity.", "decrease in atomic mass.", "increase in atomic number.", "have the same number of electrons." ]

2C

A device that converts light energy into electricity used in many handheld calculators is a

[ "battery.", "photocell.", "photo generator.", "photovoltaic cell." ]

3D

Which most accurately describes a circle (pie) graph?

[ "used to demonstrate change in temperature only", "used to demonstrate change that is continuous", "used to demonstrate change that is not continuous", "used to describe how part of the data relates to all of the data" ]

3D

Which organisms benefit in the relationship between bees and flowering plants?

[ "only the bees", "only the flowering plants", "both the bees and the flowering plants", "neither the bees nor the flowering plants" ]

2C

The orbit of Earth is almost circular and has a period of about 365 days. Compared to the orbit of Earth, which of these objects usually have highly elliptical orbits and can have periods of over 1000 years?

[ "asteroids", "meteorites", "comets", "moons" ]

2C

How is the theory of plate tectonics different from a hypothesis regarding a certain aspect of plate movement?

[ "The theory addresses an Earth-science topic.", "The theory may change if new evidence emerges.", "The theory explains a number of related observations.", "The theory can be evaluated by a single-variable experiment." ]

2C

A large quantity of heavy rain falling in a short time period will most likely

[ "reduce the amount of nutrients in the soil.", "increase the number of minerals in the soil.", "reduce oxygen levels in the soil.", "increase the temperature of the soil." ]

0A

An artificial pacemaker is a device that regulates the beat of the heart by an electrical stimulus. Some early pacemakers were powered by batteries and were worn externally with wires passing through the skin to the surface of the heart. Modern pacemakers are now much smaller and are implanted surgically. Which most likely has increased the lifespan and effectiveness of artificial pacemakers?

[ "the development of thinner wires", "the invention of lithium batteries", "mass production of pacemaker parts", "reducing the cost of producing pacemakers" ]

1B

A balloon filled with helium gas is set free and starts to move upward. Which of the following best explains why the helium balloon moves upward?

[ "The density of helium is less than the density of air.", "The air resistance lifts the balloon up.", "There is no gravity acting on the helium balloons.", "The wind blows the balloon upward." ]

0A

Oscar and Andre used a microscope to observe a sample of pond water and drew an example of each type of organism they saw. Then they compared their drawings. They discovered that their drawings of a euglena and a paramecium were alike, but their amoeba drawings had very different shapes. What are two things that Oscar's amoeba could have been doing that made his drawing look different from Andre's?

[ "eating and moving", "moving and digesting", "digesting and excreting", "excreting and eating" ]

0A

The reading on a barometer rises when the air

[ "pressure increases.", "pressure decreases.", "speed increases.", "speed decreases." ]

0A

Which of the following processes is responsible for changing liquid water into water vapor?

[ "photosynthesis", "condensation", "evaporation", "precipitation" ]

2C

In an atom, protons plus neutrons make up the atom's

[ "electric charge.", "atomic mass.", "atomic number.", "electron number." ]

1B

A generator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy by using a conducting metal loop turning in a

[ "magnetic field.", "gravitational field.", "steel sphere.", "copper sphere." ]

0A

Deer live in forest for shelter. If the forest was cut down, which situation would most likely happen?

[ "The deer would find shelter in a different habitat.", "The deer would wait for the forest to grow back.", "The deer would move to another forest area.", "The deer would change the type of foods they eat." ]

2C

Which physical property is important to have in a material used in cookware?

[ "poor conductor of heat", "good conductor of heat", "low flexibility", "high flexibility" ]

1B

Which sentence describes a characteristic of offspring produced by sexual reproduction?

[ "The offspring have half the amount of genetic material as the parents.", "The offspring contain genetic material from both parents.", "The female offspring contain only genes from the mother.", "The male offspring contain only genes from the father." ]

1B

What is involved in creating genetically modified bacteria?

[ "allowing them to reproduce freely", "changing their food source", "using biotechnology techniques", "growing them on selected plants" ]

2C

Which of the following structures does a frog develop as it changes from a tadpole to an adult frog?

[ "eyes", "heart", "lungs", "tail" ]

2C

One cause of heat in a car engine is caused by friction between parts. Which of these reduces the amount of heat produced by friction?

[ "fan", "oil", "gasoline", "battery" ]

1B

The primary functions of the digestive system are to break down food, absorb nutrients and excrete wastes. Once food is absorbed, what system is responsible for carrying the nutrients to the body cells?

[ "respiratory system", "circulatory system", "nervous system", "skeletal system" ]

1B

If you breathe on a mirror, part of the mirror clouds up. What are you actually seeing when you see the mirror cloud up?

[ "Water droplets that formed from cooled water vapor in your breath", "Carbon dioxide that you are breathing out from your lungs", "Oxygen that you are breathing out from your lungs", "Cooled nitrogen in the air around you" ]

0A

The surface of the Moon is made up of

[ "craters, highlands, and flat areas", "swirling gases", "large bodies of water", "a mixture of gases and water" ]

0A

Which sequence correctly shows the levels of increasing organization in the human body?

[ "tissues -> cells -> organ systems -> organs", "cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ systems", "organs -> organ systems -> cells -> tissues", "organ systems -> organs -> tissues -> cells" ]

1B

Which layer of the atmosphere contains the greatest amount of water vapor?

[ "thermosphere", "mesosphere", "stratosphere", "troposphere" ]

3D

What should a scientist do to help make sure the results of an experiment are unbiased?

[ "Keep the results a secret.", "Do the math without a calculator.", "Change all of the variables in the experiment.", "Ask other scientists to attempt to reproduce the results." ]

3D

Which property of water allows it to dissolve many different substances?

[ "It is a polar molecule.", "It contains hydrogen atoms.", "It has a high melting point.", "It has a low density." ]

0A

Nevada is much drier than regions in California that are at the same latitude. Compared to these regions in California, which feature of Nevada contributes most to this dry climate?

[ "mountain ranges to the west", "high mean elevation", "frequent earthquakes", "soil with a high sand content" ]

0A

A chemist observed bubbling and fizzing after adding an acid solution to a white powdery substance in a beaker. Which of the following can be inferred?

[ "The acid boiled when poured into the beaker.", "The acid and powder formed a new product.", "A physical reaction produced a gas mixture.", "A reaction occurred that produced heat." ]

1B

Which of the following is visible through a reflecting telescope?

[ "planets around other stars", "black holes in deep space", "moons around Jupiter", "surface of Saturn" ]

2C

A student is using hydrochloric acid in an investigation. Which piece of safety equipment is most important during this investigation?

[ "mask", "goggles", "fire extinguisher", "disinfectant spray" ]

1B

Generally, the deeper rock layers of Earth are older than shallower rock layers. How can the collision of two tectonic plates change the order of the rock layers?

[ "The rock layers contain pollutants that dissolve soil.", "The rock layers lack water due to extended droughts.", "The rock layers are compressed forming faults and folds.", "The rock layers are moved closer to rivers which erode landforms." ]

2C

Which instrument should a student use to best examine bacteria?

[ "telescope", "hand lens", "microscope", "computer probes" ]

2C

Matter that is vibrating is producing ___.

[ "gas", "light", "sound", "shadows" ]

2C

Falling and rising air and water molecules inside of clouds are believed to be factors in the formation of lightning. Which kind of energy transfer is taking place to cause this weather phenomenon?

[ "electrical to thermal", "thermal to mechanical", "chemical to mechanical", "mechanical to electrical" ]

3D

Sleet, rain, snow, and hail are forms of

[ "erosion", "evaporation", "groundwater", "precipitation" ]

3D

A windstorm knocks down many trees in a national park. Timber companies want to get rid of the fallen trees. How would this most likely harm the park ecosystem?

[ "reduces the risk of fire", "decreases erosion problems", "increases the risk of drought", "removes available nutrients" ]

3D

A plant has yellow flowers. What best explains why the flowers are yellow?

[ "The sunshine colored the flowers yellow.", "The flowers of the parent plants were yellow.", "It was very warm when they flowered.", "It rained every day." ]

1B

Which tool is used to determine the mass of an object?

[ "ruler", "beaker", "balance", "thermometer" ]

2C

Prairie dogs can run very quickly. This adaptation enables the prairie dog to

[ "attract mates.", "intimidate predators.", "escape from predators.", "chase after their young." ]

2C

A student has a liquid that does not mix with water. To predict whether the liquid will float on water or sink beneath it, which tools should be used to examine the liquid?

[ "ruler and compass", "microscope and voltmeter", "graduated cylinder and balance", "thermometer and Bunsen burner" ]

2C

Samuel investigated the effect of temperature on the growth of snapdragons. He recorded the results from the investigation and found that snapdragons do not grow well in low temperatures. What is the purpose of this conclusion in the scientific process?

[ "It helps to organize the data.", "It helps to evaluate the hypothesis.", "It helps to prepare for an investigation.", "It helps to collect information from observations." ]

1B

Which of the following best describes the purpose of cellular respiration?

[ "to provide energy for cell activities", "to produce sugar for storage in cells", "to release oxygen for breathing", "to supply carbon dioxide for photosynthesis" ]

0A

In a meadow ecosystem, mice receive most of the energy they need to survive directly from which of the following sources?

[ "minerals", "oxygen", "plants", "water" ]

2C

Which environmental stimulus causes leaves on certain trees to change color in autumn?

[ "loss of nutrients in the forest soil", "lower air humidity in the forest", "changes to amount of light", "competition for survival" ]

2C

What is the name of the product formed from the reaction shown below? 4Fe(III) + 3O_{2} -> 2Fe_{2}O_{3}

[ "iron (II) oxide", "iron (III) oxide", "oxygen ferrite", "diferrous trioxide" ]

1B

What type of galaxy is the Milky Way?

[ "spiral", "elliptical", "irregular", "oval" ]

0A

One thing that all human cells have in common is that they

[ "control the brain.", "make food.", "move blood.", "take in energy." ]

3D

Which two systems of the body are interacting when a runner sprains his ankle?

[ "the nervous system and the digestive system", "the digestive system and the circulatory system", "the respiratory system and the nervous system", "the muscular system and the nervous system" ]

3D

Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. It rotates on its axis once about every 10 hours. What time period on Earth would be 10 hours long if Earth rotated on its axis once every 10 hours?

[ "a day", "a week", "a month", "a year" ]

0A

The elements sulfur (S) and oxygen (O2) combine to form a substance called sulfur dioxide (SO2). Sulfur dioxide is also formed when coal and oil are burned. Sulfur dioxide can best be described as

[ "a metal", "an atom", "a compound", "a nonreactive gas" ]

2C

Which is a major difference between the life cycles of different types of plants?

[ "the way they die", "the energy they use", "the way they reproduce", "the way they make food" ]

2C

Sunlight passes through the windows of a car and causes the car seats to get hot. Which type of energy flow is involved in heating the seats?

[ "conduction", "convection", "insulation", "radiation" ]

3D

When a large oak tree is cut down in a forest, it leaves a gap in the forest canopy which allows smaller trees to quickly grow in the available sunlight. Which interaction is best represented among the smaller trees?

[ "parasitism", "mutualism", "competition", "commensalism" ]

2C

How long does it take for the Moon to rotate on its axis?

[ "one day", "one year", "one week", "one month" ]

3D

What is one way that humans can maintain good health?

[ "sleep all day", "exercise daily", "eat snacks often", "stay up late" ]

1B

Which is an example of a group of cells with a common structure and function?

[ "stomach", "muscle tissue", "mitochondria", "digestive system" ]

1B

Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease caused by an autosomal recessive gene. If each parent carries one sickle cell allele, what are the chances that their child will have sickle cell anemia?

[ "no chance", "one in four", "two in four", "three in four" ]

1B

Which statement describes animal embryos?

[ "display all the features of an adult", "represent the earliest stage of development", "have the same number of cells as a fertilized egg", "have half the number of chromosomes as an adult" ]

1B

The average temperature of the surface of Earth has increased approximately 1°C in the past century. Which reason best explains this increase in temperature?

[ "higher levels of oxygen in the atmosphere", "lower levels of ozone in the atmosphere", "higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere", "lower levels of nitrogen in the atmosphere" ]

2C

As the population in an area grows, water usage increases. Eventually, water usage can outstrip the supply. Which measure to increase the amount of available water demonstrates the best stewardship of the resource?

[ "discovering new reservoirs of water in the aquifer", "reducing water usage through conservation measures", "combining hydrogen with oxygen to make water", "piping in water from an aquifer elsewhere" ]

1B

Which action illustrates a chemical change?

[ "painting a wood chest", "sawing a wood plank", "burning wood chips", "cutting down a tree" ]

2C

Which tool could be used to help someone count the number of ladybugs on a leaf?

[ "hand lens", "meter stick", "microscope", "graduated cylinder" ]

0A

Which two activities use most of the water used in an average U.S. household?

[ "flushing toilets and washing clothes", "washing clothes and using sink faucets", "using sink faucets and showering", "showering and flushing toilets" ]

0A

Which are the best tools to use for growing and studying bacterial cultures?

[ "beakers", "Petri dishes", "microscopes", "graduated cylinders" ]

1B

Which effect would the growing of legume crops such as beans and soybeans have?

[ "increase the efficiency of photosynthesis", "greater immunity of crops against diseases", "fewer bacteria in soil and in living organisms", "more usable nitrogen for other plants" ]

3D

Which relationship between Earth's outer core and inner core generates a large portion of Earth's magnetic field?

[ "their relative masses", "their relative motions", "their relative diameters", "their relative circumferences" ]

1B

Which order of succession of natural communities would most likely occur in New York State?

[ "grasses -> trees -> bushes", "trees -> bushes -> grasses", "bushes -> grasses -> trees", "grasses -> bushes -> trees" ]

3D

White light can be separated into all of its component colors by

[ "mixing the three primary colors of light.", "passing the light through a prism.", "passing the light through a colored filter.", "using a translucent material to filter the light." ]

1B

An Italian scientist named Alessandro Volta invented the Voltaic pile in 1800. It was able to produce a steady electrical current. Based on this description, what is the modern equivalent of the Voltaic pile?

[ "a wire", "a battery", "a resistor", "a light bulb" ]

1B

Which would cause the most soil to erode from a river bank in just a few days?

[ "animals climbing up the river bank", "acid rain falling onto the river bank", "heat from the sun drying the river bank", "water from a flood flowing over the river bank" ]

3D

A student is measuring a liquid in a graduated cylinder. The student is not tall enough to read the measurement at eye level. Which of these is the best action for the student to take to read the measurement correctly?

[ "stand on a chair", "estimate the amount", "pour out some of the liquid until it is at eye level", "move the graduated cylinder to a lower table" ]

3D

When Isaac Newton theorized that gravity caused objects to fall to the ground, he had also discovered the force that causes

[ "chemicals to react.", "volcanoes to erupt.", "lightning to strike Earth.", "the planets to orbit the Sun." ]

3D

A disorder is associated with certain flaws in the human respiratory system. Which is most likely a typical symptom of this disorder?

[ "poor vision", "difficulty breathing", "reduced muscle mass", "increased saliva production" ]

1B

Which of these is the main contributor to the formation of hurricanes?

[ "high barometric pressure", "warm ocean air", "calm ocean surface", "dense surface air" ]

1B