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<mask> (January 10, 1928 – February 14, 2015) was an American poet best known for his poems about working-class Detroit. He taught for more than thirty years in the English department of California State University, Fresno and held teaching positions at other universities as well. He served on the Board of Chancellors of the Academy of American Poets from 2000 to 2006, and was appointed Poet Laureate of the United States for 2011–2012. Biography
<mask> grew up in industrial Detroit, the second of three sons and the first of identical twins of Jewish immigrant parents. His father, <mask>, owned a used auto parts business, his mother, Esther Priscol (Pryszkulnik) <mask>, was a bookseller. When <mask> was five years old, his father died. While growing up, he faced the anti-Semitism embodied by Father Coughlin, the pro-Nazi radio priest.In high school, a teacher told him, “You write like an angel. Why don't you think about becoming a writer?“ At this point, he was already working at night in auto factories, though just 14 years old. Detroit Central High School graduated him in 1946, and he went to college at Wayne University (now Wayne State University) in Detroit, where he began to write poetry, encouraged by his mother, to whom he dedicated the book of poems The Mercy. <mask> earned his A.B. in 1950 and went to work for Chevrolet and Cadillac in what he called "stupid jobs." The work, he later wrote, was “so heavy and monotonous that after an hour or two I was sure each night that I would never last the shift.”
He married his first wife, Patty Kanterman, in 1951. The marriage lasted until 1953.In 1953, he attended the University of Iowa without registering, studying with, among others, poets Robert Lowell and John Berryman, the latter of whom <mask> called his "one great mentor." In 1954, he earned a mail-order master's degree with a thesis on John Keats' "Ode to
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Indolence," and married actress Frances J. Artley. He returned to the University of Iowa teaching technical writing, and completed his Master of Fine Arts degree in 1957. The same year, he was awarded the Jones Fellowship in Poetry at Stanford University. In 1958, he joined the English department at California State University, Fresno, where he taught until his retirement in 1992. He also taught at many other universities, among them New York University as Distinguished Writer-in-Residence, Columbia, Princeton, Brown, Tufts, Vanderbilt, and the University of California, Berkeley. <mask> and his wife had made their homes in Fresno and Brooklyn Heights.He died of pancreatic cancer on February 14, 2015, age 87. Work
The familial, social, and economic world of twentieth-century Detroit is one of the major subjects of <mask>'s work. His portraits of working class Americans and his continuous examination of his Jewish immigrant inheritance (both based on real life and described through fictional characters) has left a testimony of mid-twentieth century American life. <mask>'s working experience lent his poetry a profound skepticism with regard to conventional American ideals. In his first two books, On the Edge (1963) and Not This Pig (1968), the poetry dwells on those who suddenly become aware that they are trapped in some murderous processes not of their own making. In 1968, <mask> signed the “Writers and Editors War Tax Protest” pledge, vowing to refuse to make tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War. In his first two books, <mask> was somewhat traditional in form and relatively constrained in expression.Beginning with They Feed They Lion, typically <mask>'s poems are free-verse monologues tending toward trimeter or tetrameter. The music of <mask>'s poetry depends on tension between his line-breaks and his syntax. The title poem of <mask>'s book 1933 (1974) is an
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example of the cascade of clauses and phrases one finds in his poetry. Other collections include The Names of the Lost, A Walk with Tom Jefferson, New Selected Poems, and the National Book Award-winning What Work Is. On November 29, 2007 a tribute was held in New York City in anticipation of <mask>'s eightieth birthday. Among those celebrating <mask>'s career by reading <mask>'s work were Yusef Komunyakaa, Galway Kinnell, E. L. Doctorow, Charles Wright, Jean Valentine and Sharon Olds. <mask> read several new poems as well.Near the end of his life, <mask>, an avid jazz aficionado, collaborated with jazz saxophonist and composer Benjamin Boone on the melding of his poetry and narration with music. The resulting CD, “The Poetry of Jazz” (Origin Records 82754), was released posthumously on March 16, 2018. It contains fourteen of <mask>'s poems and performances by <mask> and Boone as well as jazz greats Chris Potter, Greg Osby, and Tom Harrell . "Interlochen Center for the Arts", Interview with Interlochen Arts Academy students on March 17, 1977. References
External links
2012 <mask> interview at Words on a Wire
<mask> on America's Workers, Moyers & Company, December 27, 2013
Correspondence with Gerald Stern
1928 births
2015 deaths
20th-century American poets
21st-century American poets
American Poets Laureate
American academics of English literature
California State University, Fresno faculty
Iowa Writers' Workshop alumni
Jewish American poets
Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters
National Book Award winners
New York University faculty
Poets from California
Pulitzer Prize for Poetry winners
The New Yorker people
University of Houston faculty
Wayne State University alumni
Writers from Detroit
20th-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
People from Brooklyn Heights
Central High School (Detroit) alumni
21st-century
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<mask> (1 April 1927 – 26 July 2011) was an Indian scientist in the field of gerontology and neuroscience as well as a teacher of molecular biology and biochemistry. He is known for his theories on how gene expression changes with age and the role of this phenomenon in ageing, which is a widely accepted as "Gene expression theory of Aging". In recognition of his contributions, he was awarded India's fourth highest civilian award, Padma Shri in 2005. He held the post of BHU Emeritus professor in zoology at the Banaras Hindu University and was also the Chancellor, Nagaland University till his death. Education
He completed his Bachelors in Science from Utkal University in the year 1949. After that he moved to Lucknow University from where he completed his MSc in Zoology in 1951. After a short tenure of doing research at Lucknow university followed by serving as a lecturer in Zoology at the Ravenshaw College, Cuttack, he went to the University of Illinois (Urbana), US for advanced studies.He has completed his PhD on Physiology under the famous scientist Prof. Clifford Ladd Prosser from University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, US in 1959 where he worked on the physiological and biochemical adaptation of goldfish to temperature variation and studied its effect on oxygen consumption under both normal and experimental conditions. He also studied oxygen consumption and oxidative phosphorylation of liver mitochondria of goldfish as a part of the same study. Professional life
He started his early life as a lecturer in Zoology, Ravenshaw College, Cuttack. He then joined Utkal University in Feb. 1961 as a Reader in Zoology and continued teaching for a year. He joined the Department of Zoology at Banaras Hindu University and served as a reader (1962–69) and as a professor (1970–87). He was Head, Department of Zoology (1974–76 and 1980–82), Coordinator of the Center of Advanced Study, and Dean, Faculty of Science (1986) at Banaras Hindu University. Professor <mask> was founder
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Director of Institute of Lifesciences, Bhubaneswar in 1989, established by Government of Odisha which was taken over by Department of Biotechnology, Government of India in 2002 and declared a National Centre for excellence in 2003.He served as Emeritus Professor of Banaras Hindu University from 1993 to 2011. He was an active and popular teacher of physiology and biochemistry at Banaras Hindu University for more than 40 years. For research, he took up the problem of ageing to find out the biochemical and molecular changes that occur in the brain and other organs of the rat as a function of age. He made the following original and important findings: not only the levels of several enzymes decrease, but also their isoenzymes change with increasing age; the decrease in their levels can be prevented by administration of steroid hormones whose receptors are present in the brain; decrease in enzyme levels is due to increasing compaction of chromatin that prevents acetylation of histones and decreases transcription; he proposed a model for ageing and showed that trans-acting protein factors that bind to cis-acting elements in the promoter of genes change with age. As signals from the brain cause expression of neurotransmitters in the brain, the neurotransmitter receptors (NT), both excitatory and inhibitory, change with age; also enzymes necessary for synthesis of NT change during the life span of the rat. <mask> was the founder director of the Institute of Life Sciences of Government of Odisha at Bhubaneswar. He worked hard with the then chief minister of Odisha, Biju Patnaik, for establishing the institute during the late 1980s which is now a DBT Institute.Until his death Prof. M. S<mask> continued working on topics such as expression of genes and proteins involved in neurotransmission and recycling of neurotransmitters in the brain as a function of age;studying genes and proteins to understand the molecular mechanism involved in the process of learning and memory during
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ageing;expression of genes involved in formation of blood brain barrier (BBB) as a function of age and under different types of stress. Promotion of gerontology
<mask> was the founder president (1981–88) and patron (1989–2011) of the Association of Gerontology of India (AGI), which had three components: biological, socio-psychological and medical for research and planning on the ageing and the elderly. He was also an active member of the National Council for Older Persons (N. C. O. P.) of Govt. of India, Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment from 1999–2011, which proposed the National Initiative for Care of Elderly (NICE) policy. M. S<mask>'s devotion and dedication to teaching and research in the field of physiology & biochemistry and ageing was absolute
His publications and lectures on ageing have brought into focus the importance of the problem of Gerontology, and the field has been accepted as a thrust area for research and teaching since the 1970s by several scientific agencies like UGC, CSIR, ICMR, DST and DBT. He has also received grants from International agencies like the Nuffield Foundation, London, UK and PL-480, US. Also, scientists in several Universities and Research Institutes in India have taken up this problem for research.Prof.<mask> founded the Association of Gerontology (India) – AGI – with headquarters at Banaras Hindu University in 1982.AGI covers the three main areas of Gerontology: biological, medical and socio-psychological. Moreover, Prof. <mask> has popularised the subject of Gerontology by writing popular articles on Ageing in Science Today, Science Reporter, etc.and by giving lectures at various Institutes and Universities. The subject is being taught as a course in various universities, both in Science and Humanities. He had published 139 papers in the area of 'Biology of Ageing' and two single authored books: ‘Biochemistry of Ageing’ (Academic Press, U. K., 1980; translated into Russian) and ‘Genes and Aging’ (Cambridge Univ.
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<mask> (1817–1893) was an American engineer and businessman. He was Atlanta's quintessential railroad man as well as a major landowner and civic leader. In railroads he served as a laborer, chief engineer, speculator and executive all over the South. As part of his speculation, he owned enormous tracts of land in strategic areas. For example, at one point he owned more than in what is now Atlanta. He designed and built Atlanta's defenses during the American Civil War and afterwards became an important civic leader: donating the land for Grant Park, Atlanta's first large park, and serving as councilman and on various boards and committees. His mansion is one of only four remaining original antebellum houses in the city of Atlanta.Early career
<mask> <mask> was born at Frankfort, Maine, on August 11, 1817. He grew up on a farm and between twelve and nineteen years of age worked on the farm and in a village store. When nineteen years old, he became a rodman in the Engineer Corps of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, then under construction. By study and hard work, he made his way and in one year became assistant engineer. In 1840, he was given the position of assistant engineer of the Georgia Railroad, under John Edgar Thomson, the chief engineer. His part of engineers located the line between Madison and Atlanta in 1840. In 1841, he became assistant in the engineer corps of the Central Railroad, of which L.O.Reynolds was the chief engineer, but in 1843 returned to the Georgia Railroad and served it until the grading was completed to Marthasville. By 1844 he was buying large tracts of Atlanta real estate, mainly in the
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Third Ward. Two of LP's grandsons Laurel and Bryan, Sr. were successful real estate brokers and developers. In 1845, L.P<mask> became the chief engineer and superintendent of the Montgomery and West Point Railroad and remained with that road until 1848, when its track was laid as far as Opelika, Alabama. He then again returned to the services of the Georgia Railroad, this time as resident engineer, which position he held until 1853. for two years of that period he was also chief engineer of the Atlanta and West Point Railroad. From 1853 to 1858, he was engaged in railroad construction contracts in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. In 1858, he was elected president of the Southern Pacific Company of Texas, and was succeeded by J. Edgar Thompson in 1859.In 1859 and 1860, he was engaged as engineer of surveys and location of proposed roads in Alabama and Georgia but those were suspended on the approach of the [Civil] war. In 1862, [C.S.A] Colonel <mask> was appointed a captain of engineers for the Confederacy and retained that position to the end of the [Civil] War. His most important work was the construction of the defensive works around Atlanta and Augusta. From October, 1866 to 1881, Colonel <mask> was in charge of the Atlanta and West Point Railroad as General Superintendent. For a time, he was President of the Georgia Western Road, later the Georgia Pacific, and now the Southern Railway's line [source written in 1934] from Atlanta to Birmingham. In 1875, he was appointed receiver for the Georgia part of the Atlanta and Charlotte Air Line with about 100 miles of track. In 1881, he became President of the Atlanta and
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West Point Railroad and two years later, President of the Western Railroad of Atlanta.Both positions he held until 1887. In 1844 and 1846, when Atlanta was known as Marthasville, Colonel <mask> bought land lots 52, 53, and 44, containing about six hundred acres. For one of those lots he is said to have paid a dollar and a half per acre. That land was later worth an immense sum. In 1883, Colonel <mask> gave the City [of Atlanta] a later purchase containing [over] 100 acres of beautiful land for park purposes. It is known as Grant Park, and the City [of Atlanta] has added to his original gift by the purchase of some adjoining land. Colonel <mask> was an early advocate of the Public School System and a member of the first Board of Education elected in 1869.He was also a charter member of the Young Men's Library and its first life member. From 1860, Colonel <mask> was a member of Central Presbyterian Church and took an active part in its work. He was married in December 1843, to Miss Laura Loomis Williams, a daughter of Ammi Williams. She died in 1879, leaving four children. In 1881, he married Mrs. Jane L. Crew of Atlanta. John Armstrong <mask>, a railroad manager of Texas and early founding member of Grady Hospital, was the son of the first marriage. Colonel L.P<mask> is of no relation to either of the persons named John T<mask> or John W<mask>, nor their descendants.It is but a happy coincidence that Bryan M<mask>, Sr, and John W<mask>, were both successful Atlanta real estate developers and were also contemporaneous colleagues to one another. Of further note, there is no printed reference about L.P<mask> ever coming to
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prominence by working as a laborer on the Georgia Railroad, working for the Fannin Company, or working for any companies based in Augusta Ga. There are many erroneous statements in railroad related articles about these relationships. One can only imagine that there being several prominent <mask>s, and not of the same family, that some confusion has persisted down through the years. The cited reference of Walter Cooper's Official History of Fulton County was written by an appointment by the Georgia Grant Jury "in Pursuance to Legislative Action" and published in 1934. The History Commission of that time was composed of Ivan Allen, Chairman, Henry C. Peeples, Dr. Louie D. Newton, Miss Ella May Thornton, and Miss Alice Baxter. In 1843 <mask> invested in land in what is now southeast Atlanta, paying from $.75 to $2 an acre, and built his home in the center of his 600+ acres.In 1883, he donated east and southeast of his mansion to the city for a park on condition that would be open and available free of charge to residents of any race, creed or color. His family then developed the surrounding neighborhoods, as evidenced by street signs named after family and friends of the family (Bryan Street, Grant Street, Loomis Street, Broyles Street, etc.). Lake Abana, where the zoo food court now exists below the panda exhibit, would have been witness to a crowd of bathers of any race, racial segregation not descending upon Atlanta until a decade or two later. During this idyllic period of relative stability of racial tension, <mask> opened a trolley line between downtown and the park. Banker
On January 27, 1857, <mask> founded the
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Atlanta Bank with John Mims, William Ezzard, Clark Howell, Sr., Jonathan Norcross, Richard Peters, Joseph Winship and N.L. Angier. They were warned of Chicagoan George Smith who was planning on flooding Midwest banks with Georgia currency so avoided that scandal but eventually went broke and their charter was revoked in 1856.<mask> would try banking again in the 1870s. Heading west
In 1853, he and John T<mask> headed to New Orleans to work on the Cotton Belt Railroad (then the Jackson and Great Northern Railroad). In 1857, Fannin, Grant & Co [These possibly the Athens Ga Grants, JT and WD Grant, contractors. Neither are related to LP Grant.] as became contractors to the Southern Pacific Railroad to link Marshall, Texas, to the West Coast, and the next year <mask> P<mask> was named president of Southern Pacific. Back in Atlanta in 1860, he and Richard Peters pushed a Georgia Western Railroad against Jonathan Norcross's Air Line. From 1853 to 1858, he was engaged in railroad construction contracts in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas.In 1858, he was elected president of the Southern Pacific Company of Texas, and was succeeded by J. Edgar Thompson in 1859. Civil War
Before the American Civil War, <mask> gave land on Jenkins Street for Atlanta's first black church, Bethel Church (now Big Bethel Baptist Church), and defended the church's right to the property after the war. The beginning of the war saw <mask> still in Louisiana. In February 1861, Fannin, Grant & Co sold out to the Southern Pacific, and <mask> returned to Atlanta. After the Vicksburg Campaign, Confederate Chief of the Engineer Bureau Jeremy Gilmer contacted
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him to survey possible enemy crossings of the Chattahoochee River, and defensive works were begun in August, 1863. <mask> explained that the fortification of Atlanta would be as difficult as that of Richmond, Virginia. <mask> planned a series of 17 redoubts forming a circle over out from the center of town.It was bounded on the north on high ground (present location of the Fox Theatre), on the west by Ashby Street, on the south by McDonough Drive and on the east by Grant Park. Gilmer inspected the completed work in December 1863. Because of how the Battle of Atlanta unfolded, these fortifications were never really put to the test, the city's Mayor Calhoun capitulating to the siege after the railways to Macon were seized by Union forces and Confederate General John Bell Hood was forced to destroy his ammunition train after the Union victory at Jonesborough. After the war
The most important shopping area in town was Broad Street and Market Street which were separated by the railroads. A wooden bridge had been built to span the distance; when it burned, <mask> designed and built a new one which was completed in July 1865. He was superintendent of the Western & Atlantic and Atlanta & West Point Railroads. In June 1867, he was on the first committee to name streets in Atlanta with Winship and former mayor William Ezzard.In 1870, he was part of the committee to lure Oglethorpe University to Atlanta from Midway. In 1873, he organized the Bank of the State of Georgia. Throughout the 1870s he represented the Third Ward in council and served on the Atlanta Board of Education and in the 1880s he served as water commissioner
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[Correction: His son John A, served as water commissioner ]. In 1882 he donated roughly in Land Lot 43 for Grant Park, current home of the Cyclorama and ZooAtlanta, later named in his honor, and the deed was issued May 17, 1883. In 1884, he chartered Westview Cemetery with former mayor James W. English where he was buried after his death in 1893, a highly respected founding father of Atlanta. <mask> married Laura Loomis Williams, daughter of prominent DeKalb County businessman Ammi Williams, in 1843. They had four children: John Armstrong <mask>, Myra B.<mask>, <mask> <mask>, Jr., and Letitia "Lettie" H<mask>. He is survived by several descendants who currently reside in the Atlanta area and elsewhere. Of note, Bryan M. "Bitsy" <mask>, Jr. is his great grandson, and achieved many remarkable feats as a world-renowned tennis athlete, honored in several Halls of Fame, including the International Tennis Hall of Fame. The City of Atlanta recognized him during the 1950s by naming a premier tennis center in his honor on Northside Parkway, Bitsy Grant Tennis Center. <mask> P. <mask> Mansion is one of only three antebellum houses within the current city limits of Atlanta that are still standing in their original locations, and is by far the closest to the city limits in the 1860s. The mansion was owned by <mask> P<mask>, Atlanta's quintessential railroad man as well as a major landowner and civic leaderafter. <mask> donated the land for Grant Park, which was named for him.The three-story mansion was built in Italianate style in 1856. Union troops burning Atlanta in 1864 spared it because Masonic paraphernalia was found there, and
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the troops had been instructed not to harm the homes of Masons. In December 2001, the Atlanta Preservation Center purchased the house for $109,000; restoration of, and improvements to the house and grounds are ongoing. Bobby Jones, the legendary golfer, was born in this home while the Jones family was in town visiting from Canton, GA.
L.P<mask>'s great grandson, Bryan M. "Bitsy" <mask>, the famed tennis player named to the International Tennis Hall of Fame, grew up in this home until the family moved to Ansley Park along 17th Street. Bobby Jones, grandson, Bobby Jones IV is an Anglican priest in Athens Ga.
References
Sarah Wadley diary
External links
1817 births
1893 deaths
19th-century American railroad executives
People from Frankfort, Maine
Businesspeople from Atlanta
People of Georgia (U.S. state) in the American Civil
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<mask> (14 January 1916 in San Fernando – 27 August 1978 in Buenos Aires) was an Argentine tango orchestra director, composer and violinist who played in various tango ensembles including the Orquesta Francini-Pontier and Ástor Piazzolla's Octeto Buenos Aires. Early years
Born in the city of San Fernando in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina and 20 km north the city of Buenos Aires, <mask> spent his childhood and adolescence in the city of Campana on the Paraná River. Here he studied the violin with the German violinist Juan Ehlert and in 1933, when Carlos Gardel gave a concert in Campana, <mask> and his friend Héctor Stamponi, the same age as him, presented Gardel with a tango which the friends, had composed together. Musical career
<mask> started his musical career when he joined the orchestra of Ehlert, which included Héctor Stamponi and Armando Pontier, and performed on a well-known afternoon programme on Radio Prieto. He would later form a trio with Stamponi and Pontier to play on Radio Argentina. Later he joined the orchestra of Miguel Caló which included musicians such as Osmar Maderna, Domingo Federico, Carlos Lazzari and Armando Pontier. In 1945 <mask> and Pontier formed the Orquesta Francini-Pontier which played together successfully for the next ten years and made 120 records, 34 of which were instrumentals, starting with the recording of the tango Margot made on 29 January 1946.Inspired by Aníbal Troilo, the orchestra evolved instrumentally with tangos such as Arrabal, La beba, Lo que vendrá, Pa'que se acuerden de mí, Para lucirse, Pichuco, Tigre viejo and A Zárate.
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During these ten years the singers that accompanied the orchestra alternated between Alberto Podestá, Raúl Berón, Roberto Rufino, Julio Sosa, Pablo Moreno, Roberto Florio, Héctor Montes and Luis Correa. After this he set up a duo with Hector Stamponi, whilst at the same time establishing his own orchestra with the pianist Juan Jose Paz, the bandoneonist Julio Ahumada and the singer Alberto Podestá . Lasting less than one year, the orchestra made various recordings starting with La trilla by Eduardo Arolas, and Petit Salón with music by Vicente Demarco and lyrics by Silvio Marinucci, on 3 November 1955 for the recording company RCA Records. Outstanding within <mask>’s repertoire were Tema otoñal and his solos in Inspiración and Sensiblero. In 1954 he took part in a homage to Juan Carlos Cobián in a quintet comprising the tango musicians Aníbal Troilo on bandoneon, Roberto Grela on guitar, Kicho Díaz on double bass and Horacio Salgán on piano. The following year he joined Astor Piazzolla’s Octeto Buenos Aires with the bandoneons of Piazzolla and Roberto Pansera (later replaced by Leopoldo Federico), the violin of Hugo Baralis, the cello of José Bragato, the double bass of Aldo Nicolini (later replaced by Juan Vasallo), the electric guitar of Horacio Malvicino and the piano of Atilio Stampone.The Octeto would pioneer nuevo tango and put Piazzolla on a collision course with the tango establishment. Next he formed the Quinteto Real with Horacio Salgán, Pedro Laurenz and Ubaldo de Lío and also set up an orchestra, Los Astros del Tango, with Elvino Vardaro to record tango compositions of
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the top tango composers of the time, with arrangements by Argentino Galván. <mask> also participated in Los Violines de Oro del Tango, a tango ensemble, which like the previous one, consisted mainly of strings. In 1963 he joined the pianist Orlando Trípodi, together with Armando Pontier, Domingo Federico, Alberto Podestá and Raúl Berón in La Orquesta de las Estrellas, directed by Miguel Caló and later in 1970 he formed a sextet, with the bandoneonist Néstor Marconi in charge of arrangements, which appeared at Caño 14 in Buenos Aires, on television and recorded an album. The <mask>-Pontier orchestra was reformed in 1973 and toured Japan with the singer Alba Solís and musicians including Omar Murtgh, Néstor Marconi and Omar Valente. In 1977 the orchestra went on another tour there, this time staging a show with more than 20 musicians and tango dancers. On his return, <mask> organised a symphony orchestra which staged the show Tangos por el mundo in the Teatro Alvear in Avenida Corrientes.He was musician who, in parallel with his activities in the world of tango, played as a first violin in the Buenos Aires Philharmonic until his death. He was also active in the Argentine Society of Authors and Music Composers (SADAIC). He died of a heart attack on 27 August 1978 in the middle of a performance of Nostagias in Caño 14. Tango compositions
<mask> composed the music for the following tangos:
Mañana iré temprano
Bajo un cielo de estrellas
La vi llegar (lyrics by Julian Centeya, 1944). Junto a tu corazón
Inquietud
Ese muchacho Troilo
Tema otoñal
Discography
<mask> made recordings with various
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orchestras and for a number of different record labels including:
Mañana iré temprano and Sans Souci, Miguel Caló Orchestra, Odeón. Delirio, Pecado and A los amigos, Francini-Pontier Orchestra, Víctor. Mi refugio, Tema otoñal and Marrón y azul, Octeto Buenos Aires, Allegro and Disc-Jockey.Milonguita, Copacabana and Tiernamente, Los Astros del Tango, Music-Hall. Organito de la tarde, El arranque and Ya no cantas chingolo, Quinteto Real, Columbia,
Filmography
La sombra de Safo (1957)
Cuidado con las imitaciones
La diosa impura (1963)
References
Gobello, José, Mujeres y hombres que hicieron el tango, Centro Editor de Cultura Argentina, Buenos Aires, 2002. Piazzolla, Ástor. A Memoir, Natalio Gorin, Amadaeus, 2001
Azzi and Collier, Le Grand Tango: The Life and Music of Ástor Piazzolla, Oxford University Press, 2000. External links
<mask> <mask> on todotango.com
<mask> <mask> on tango.info
Argentine violinists
Argentine tango musicians
Argentine people of Italian descent
Argentine composers
Argentine film score composers
Male film score composers
People from Campana, Buenos Aires
People from San Fernando de la Buena Vista
1916 births
1978 deaths
20th-century violinists
20th-century male
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<mask> (born March 9, 1947) is an American photographer. He won the 1972 Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography for his portfolio of photographs of the Vietnam War, Cambodia, East Pakistani refugees near Calcutta, and the Ali-Frazier fight in Madison Square Garden. He has photographed every American president since Lyndon B Johnson. He is the first presidential scholar at the University of Arizona. Early life
Kennerly is the son of O.A. "Tunney<mask>, a traveling salesman, and <mask>. His parents are deceased.He also has three younger sisters, Jane and Chris, the youngest, Anne, is also deceased. His interest in photography started when he was only 12, and his career began in Roseburg, where his first published picture was in the high school newspaper The Orange 'R in 1962. <mask> graduated from West Linn High School in West Linn, Oregon, in 1965. He briefly attended Portland State College but left at 19 to become a staff photographer for The Oregon Journal. In 1967 he entered the Oregon National Guard and was sent to Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, for basic training and then advanced training at Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indiana. After completing six months of active duty in the US Army, he was hired as staff photographer by The Oregonian. During his early career in Portland he photographed some major personalities, including Miles Davis, Igor Stravinsky, Senator Robert F. Kennedy, the Rolling Stones, and the Supremes.That encounter with Senator Kennedy gave him the determination to become a national political photographer. In late 1967, Kennerly moved to Los Angeles to become a staff photographer for United Press International (UPI). On June 5, 1968, he took some of the last photos of Senator Robert F. Kennedy at the Ambassador Hotel as he declared victory in
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the California presidential primary. Moments later Kennedy was gunned down by the assassin Sirhan Sirhan. That night Kennerly also took a memorable picture of Ethel Kennedy in the back of an ambulance. The following year <mask> moved to New York for UPI, where among many other assignments he photographed the "Miracle" New York Mets winning the 1969 World Series. In early 1970, <mask> was transferred to the Washington, D.C. bureau of UPI.At age 23 he took his first ride on Air Force One with President Nixon as a member of the traveling press pool. However Kennerly believed he was missing out on the biggest story of his generation, the Vietnam War. He said, "I felt like that scene in Mr. Roberts where Henry Fonda, an officer on a supply ship, watched the destroyers sail into battle while he was stuck in some South Pacific backwater port." <mask> was sent to Saigon in early 1971 as a combat photographer for UPI. Unbeknownst to Kennerly, UPI photo editor Larry DeSantis started a portfolio of his favorite Kennerly photographs of the year, beginning with the Ali-Frazier fight photo that ran on the front page of The New York Times on March 9, 1971, (and also happened to be <mask>'s 24th birthday). DeSantis submitted that photograph along with images of the Vietnam and Cambodia wars and refugees escaping from East Pakistan into India to the Pulitzer Prize Board for consideration. It was only when the winners were announced that <mask>, who was still in Vietnam, learned he had been awarded the 1972 Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography.The committee noted that he "specialized in pictures that capture the loneliness and desolation of war." <mask> became the photo bureau chief for UPI in Southeast Asia, but still spent most of his time in the field covering combat
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operations. In September 1972 he was one of three Americans to travel to the People's Republic of China to cover the state visit of Japanese Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka. During that assignment he photographed Premier Zhou Enlai, one of the most influential Chinese leaders in modern history. While still in Vietnam, he joined Life in November 1972 as a contract photographer. After the classic picture magazine folded a few weeks later, <mask> stayed on as a contract photographer for Time. Among the many stories he covered for them while still in Asia was the last American prisoner of war release in Hanoi, March 30, 1973.<mask> returned to the United States in the summer of 1973 for Time, right in the middle of the Watergate story. He photographed the resignation of Vice President Spiro Agnew, and the selection of Minority Leader Gerald R. Ford as Agnew's replacement. <mask>'s first Time cover was of Congressman Ford, a photo he took the day before Nixon selected Ford, and it was also Ford's first appearance on the front of Time. That session with Ford led to a close personal relationship with him and his family. After Nixon resigned the presidency on August 9, 1974, the new president selected him to be his Chief Official White House Photographer. <mask> was only the third civilian to ever have that position, (before him was President Lyndon B. Johnson's photographer Yoichi Okamoto, and Nixon's photographer Oliver F. Atkins). Kennerly enjoyed unprecedented entree during the Ford presidency, and photographed major meetings, events, and trips during Ford's tenure in office.He also arranged unique access for photographic colleagues from the magazines, newspapers, and wire service during that period. More than 50 photographers were granted exclusives with President
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Ford. There had never been that kind of access for outside photographers to a president before, or since. It was one of <mask>'s proudest achievements. His staff consisted of four other photographers who divided coverage of the First Lady and Vice President, as well as presidential duties. He also directed the White House photo lab that was run by the military as part of the White House Communications Agency. <mask>'s White House photographs and negatives are physically housed at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library in Ann Arbor, Michigan, on the campus of Ford's alma mater, the University of Michigan.Many of his photos are also on display at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum in Grand Rapids, Michigan. In late March 1975, Kennerly accompanied U.S. Army Chief of Staff General Frederick Weyand who had been dispatched on a presidential mission to South Vietnam to assess what was becoming a rapidly deteriorating military situation. The president privately told Kennerly he wanted his view of what was happening. In his autobiography Ford wrote, "I knew <mask> wouldn't try to give me any propaganda about 'enemy body counts' or 'light at the end of the tunnel.' He had been shot at many times by the North Vietnamese. As an American, he felt ashamed that we weren't doing more to help a loyal ally, and he thought that once I saw the photographs he took of the suffering there, I would have a better feel for what we had to do." Kennerly flew around the country, escaped from Nha Trang before it fell to the advancing communists, was shot at by retreating South Vietnamese soldiers at Cam Ranh Bay, and landed under fire in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, for a quick visit and assessment of the situation.When he returned from the trip, both Weyand's and <mask>'s assessments were
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bleak. The President ordered that <mask>'s stark black-and-white photos of the tragedy be put up in the halls of the West Wing of the White House to remind the staff just how bad things were. Saigon fell a month later. Before the fall, Ford had ordered the evacuation of the last Americans and many Vietnamese who had been working for the United States. The photos that Kennerly took on that mission helped convince Ford to open the doors to allow tens of thousands of other Vietnamese refugees into the country. The day before the Fords were turning over the keys to the White House to incoming President Jimmy Carter, Kennerly accompanied Betty Ford around the West Wing as she said goodbyes to the staff. They walked by the empty Cabinet Room and a mischievous look came across her face."I've always wanted to dance on the Cabinet Room table", she said. The former Martha Graham dancer kicked off her shoes, jumped up on the middle of the table, and struck a pose. The photo was published for the first time 15 years after he took it in <mask>'s book Photo Op. During the Carter presidency there was no official White House photographer, in part because Carter did not like <mask>'s high public profile during Ford's administration. <mask> who was 27 when he took the job, and single, dated several high-profile women, including the actress Candice Bergen and the Olympic skier Suzy Chaffee, and was regularly mentioned in gossip columns popular media. After the White House, <mask> went back on contract for Time magazine, where he covered some of the biggest stories of the 1970s and 1980s for them; Egyptian President Anwar Sadat's trip to Israel, the horror of Jonestown, exclusive photos of President Ronald Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev's first meeting in
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Geneva in 1985, the Fireside Summit, and many other stories around the world. When Life made a brief comeback for Desert Storm in 1991, he shot an inside story on Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Colin Powell called "Men of War".In 1996, <mask> became a contributing editor for Newsweek where he produced inside stories on President Bill Clinton, Senator Bob Dole, the impeachment hearings, special prosecutor Kenneth Starr, the 2000 elections, the 9/11 attacks on the Pentagon, and other top stories. Kennerly also had a contract with John F. Kennedy Jr.'s magazine George. While still working for Newsweek, <mask> was assigned to cover the 2000 presidential election campaigns, initially covering the candidacy of Senator John McCain until his withdrawal on March 9, 2000. On election night November 7, <mask> was at the Governor's Mansion in Austin with Governor George W. Bush after Vice President Al Gore first conceded the election and later recanted. Kennerly has covered every presidential campaign from 1968 through 2020 with the exception of 1972, when he was in Vietnam. Throughout his journalism career, Kennerly has photographed more than 35 covers for Time and Newsweek, and covered assignments in over 130 countries. Kennerly was a fellow in the American Film Institute directing program from 1984 to 1986.He was nominated for a Primetime Emmy as executive producer of NBC's The Taking of Flight 847, and was the writer and executive producer of a two-hour NBC pilot, Shooter, starring Helen Hunt, based on his Vietnam experiences. Shooter won the Emmy for Outstanding Cinematography. He was executive producer of the Academy Award short-listed documentary Portraits of a Lady for HBO, directed by Neil Leifer and starring former
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Justice of the Supreme Court Sandra Day O'Connor. In 2013, Kennerly collaborated with Emmy Award-winning filmmakers Gedeon Naudet, Jules Naudet, and producer Chris Whipple on a documentary The Presidents' Gatekeepers, a four-hour Discovery Channel documentary about the White House chiefs of staff. The team joined forces again in 2015 to produce The Spymasters, a documentary for CBS/Showtime about the directors of the CIA. In 2016, Kennerly covered the presidential election for CNN, and took an exclusive of President-elect Donald Trump for the cover of their book Unprecedented. Trump tweeted that it was "the worst cover photo of me!"even though he had told Kennerly he liked it when he saw it in the back of the camera during the shoot. <mask> is a frequent public speaker, and has appeared at events such as TEDx, RootsTech, the University of Arizona, and a multitude of corporate events. In addition to his photojournalism work, <mask> has also worked as a corporate photographer, and for the last ten years his main client has been Bank of America. In 2010, Kennerly photographed a campaign for the Girl Scouts of the USA that included new images for the outside of the Girl Scout cookie boxes, pictures that endured for more than ten years. In October 2018, University of Arizona President Robert C. Robbins named Kennerly as the university's first presidential scholar. "The images captured by <mask> Kennerly document some of the most important moments in history over the past 60 years, and they have changed how several generations have viewed the world. We are honored to have <mask> share his experience with our students and community."The following year, UA's Center for Creative Photography (CCP) announced the acquisition of the David Hume Kennerly Archive, which
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features more than one million images, prints, objects, memorabilia, correspondence and documents dating back to 1957. In announcing the acquisition CCP director Anne Breckenridge Barrett said "Adding the Kennerly Archive to our collection allows the Center to connect the relevance of Kennerly's work to the photographic legacies we house. It is a critical contribution to the Center's commitment to expanding the understanding of the role photography plays in today's society." The acquisition highlights the decades long relationship between <mask> and Ansel Adams, one of the co-founders of CCP. The two first became acquainted when Kennerly invited Adams to the White House to meet with President Ford in 1975. In 1979 Kennerly photographed Adams for the cover of Time, the only time a photographer has been featured on the cover of the magazine. Personal life
He was married to Susan Allwardt from 1967 to 1969, actress Mel Harris from 1983 to 1988, actress Carol Huston from 1989 to 1992, and Rebecca Soladay from 1994 to the present.Retrospective. University of Southern California's Annenberg School for Communication 2006–2007. University of Texas at Austin - permanent. Photo du Jour exhibition. Houston Museum of Fine Arts – 2004. Photo du Jour exhibition. Smithsonian Institution's Arts and Industries Building 2002.Photo du Jour exhibition
New York Historical Society from 2002 - 2003. Visa Pour L'Image, Perpignan France. 2000 Retrospective. U.S. Capitol, Cannon Building Rotunda. 1995 Photo Op exhibition. Portland Art Museum, Portland Oregon. 1995 Photo Op exhibition.The Harry Lunn Gallery, 1979
Moderator – World Press Photo. Moderated conversation among 2006 award winners, USC, 2007
Guest lecturer - Savannah College of Art and Design, Lacoste France 2007.
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Keynote speaker - Eddie Adams Workshop 2000 – present;
Works
Photographs
<mask>'s photographs include:
Books
<mask> has authored six books:
Shooter, Newsweek books, 1979
Photo Op: A Pulitzer Prize-Winning Photographer Covers Events That Shaped Our Times, University of Texas Press (1995)
Sein Off: The Final Days of Seinfeld, HarperCollins, (1998)
Photo du Jour: A Picture-a-Day Journey through the First Year of the New Millennium, University of Texas Press, (2003)
Extraordinary Circumstances: The Presidency of Gerald R. Ford, The University of Texas Center for American History, (2007)
On the iPhone: Secrets and Tips from a Pulitzer Prize-winning Photographer. Goff Books, 2014
<mask> has been a major contributor to the following:
Unprecedented: The Election That Changed Everything, CNN, 2017
Barack Obama: The Official Inaugural Book
A Day in the Life book projects: America, Spain, the Soviet Union; The People's Republic of China; the United States Armed Forces, Hollywood
References
External links
"<mask> <mask>", Photojournalism and the American Presidency, University of Texas. 1947 births
Living people
Photographers from Oregon
American photojournalists
Photography in Cambodia
Photography in Vietnam
Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography winners
People from Roseburg, Oregon
The Oregonian people
White House
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Colonel <mask> (1602–1665), (pron. "Jiffard") of Brightley in the parish of Chittlehampton, Devon, England, was a Royalist leader during the Civil War. Giffard commanded the Devon Pikemen at the Battle of Lansdowne in 1634, in which his 3rd cousin the Royalist commander of the Cornish forces Sir Bevil Grenville (1596-1643) was killed in heroic circumstances. <mask>'s loyalty to the Royalist cause led to him being proposed in 1660 as a knight of the intended Order of the Royal Oak. He was personally known to the biographer <mask> (1643–1723) who included him as one of his Worthies of Devon. He was buried in Chittlehampton Church, where his small kneeling effigy survives on the base of the monument he erected in 1625 to his grandfather. Family origins and early life
The <mask> family of Brightley was a junior branch of <mask> of Halsbury (pron."Haulsbury") in the parish of Parkham, near Bideford. The Devon branch of the family were originally seated at Weare Giffard, near Great Torrington, at Awliscombe near Honiton and at Halsbury. <mask> was the eldest son and heir of <mask> (1580–1616) by his wife Agnes Leigh (died 1625), a daughter of Thomas Leigh of Burrough (anciently "Borow", "Borough", etc.) in the parish of Northam, near Bideford. Arthur had predeceased his own father <mask> (died 1622), of Brightley, and thus Col. <mask> became heir to his grandfather. Arthur's mother was Honor Erle (1555-1638), a daughter of the courtier Walter Erle (d.1581) of Charborough in Dorset. Col. <mask>'s younger brother was Rev.<mask> (1605–1666), appointed in 1643 Rector of Bideford by his cousin Sir <mask>, 1st Earl of Bath (1628–1701) of
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Stowe, Kilkhampton, Cornwall, and lord of the manor of Bideford, but forcefully ejected by the Parliamentarians during the Civil War. According to Rev. Prince, who briefly served under Rev. <mask> at Bideford, <mask> "had a virtuous and liberal education (and) became a very accomplished gentleman." Marriage and children
In 1621 <mask> married Joan Wyndham, a daughter of Sir <mask> (1558–1645), of Orchard Wyndham in Somerset. His father-in-law was a staunch Royalist, and it was partly due to his influence that later at the start of the Civil War <mask> was persuaded to take up arms against Parliament, as he stated as a mitigating factor in his "humble petition" to the victorious Parliament after the war. After the Restoration of 1660 <mask> and his wife had their portraits painted by Sir Peter Lely.By Joan he had eight daughters and three sons. His son and heir, <mask> (1639–1712), married twice: firstly in 1666 to Susannah Bampfylde, the fourth daughter of Sir <mask>, 1st Baronet (c. 1610 – 1650), MP, of Poltimore and North Molton, by whom his eldest son and only surviving male heir was <mask> (1668–1704). After Susannah died in 1670, <mask> remarried in 1674 to Frances Fane, the second daughter of Rev. Hon. William Fane, canon of Wells and rector of Huntspill, Somerset, whose father was Francis Fane, 1st Earl of Westmorland. Frances was the niece of Rachel Fane, the wife of Henry Bourchier, 5th Earl of Bath of Tawstock, Giffard's near neighbour under whom he served as a Commissioner of Array at the start of the Civil War. By Frances he had at least two sons, Henry and Caesar.In 1737 Caesar's daughters sold the estate of
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Brightley. <mask>'s other sons were Roger (1646–1724) and Henry (died 1658). Roger inherited, by a lifetime settlement, the ancient Giffard estate of Halsbury from his distant cousin <mask> (born 1611) of Halsbury, whose only male issue, <mask> had died childless in 1659. Of <mask>'s daughters, Grace died at Sherborne in 1667 after being pricked by a fern. Her reclining effigy exists in Chittlehampton Church, as a remnant of her former large monument. Another daughter, Agnes, was the second wife of Thomas Bere (1631–1680), lord of the manor of Huntsham. Landholdings
On 14 October 1638 Giffard purchased the lordship of the manor of Chittlehampton from Sir Lewis Pollard, 1st Baronet of King's Nympton, and thereby became the first recorded resident lord.His manorial court rolls survive for the years 1640 and 1641, which show that he held the manors of Brightley (attached to which was Shortridge, both held in demesne); Chittlehampton; Stowford and Snape (both in High Bickington); Tapeley and Halsannery, both near Bideford. The matters determined upon by the court, stated in Latin with an English translation, included orders to tenants to repair the "cucckinstoole, to repair a chimney, a "lynney house" and a "rooke nett". Role in the Civil War
At the start of the Civil War <mask> was appointed one of the Commissioners of Array for Devon, under his near neighbour Henry Bourchier, 5th Earl of Bath of Tawstock, and was thus in part responsible for the unpopular task of raising troops in Devon for the royalists. On Tuesday 13 September 1642, with other fellow commissioners, he accompanied Bourchier to South Molton for the purpose of a
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public reading of the Commission to the townsfolk, which attempt was met with much hostility and resulted in an ignoble retreat. According to a letter written by an inhabitant of South Molton at the time, the party was met by an angry mob of over 1,000 persons armed with muskets, halberts, bills, clubs, pikes and poles who were "in a great rage with the mayor and his company for giving licence that they should enter and swore that if they did attempt anything there or read their commission of array they would beat them all down and kill them (even) if they were all hanged for it". Bourchier and Giffard were thus prevented from making any recruits in South Molton and withdrew. On 23 or 24 September 1642 Hopton, lieutenant-general of Royalist forces in the West, on his march from Minehead in Somerset into Cornwall, before crossing the River Taw rested with his cavalry at Chittlehampton.400 of his men were billeted in the parish It is possible that <mask> joined Hopton on his onward march as he was absent from the entertainment given on 22 December 1642 by Sir Hugh Pollard at King's Nympton to other of the royalist leaders in Devon, however it was said that he had absented himself from Brightley to avoid the expense of entertaining when his turn came. Hopton was later to emerge from Cornwall, strengthened by new recruits, to march up-country to Bath to engage the Parliamentarian forces at Lansdowne. During the Civil War, by then a Colonel, <mask> commanded the Devon pikemen at the Battle of Lansdowne, fought on 5 July 1643, near Bath, Somerset. In that battle he served alongside his cousin Sir Bevil Grenville, who fell heroically
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having commanded the Cornish pikemen. Following a setback to the Royalists <mask> claimed to have in 1644 "retired to live privately and peaceably in his own house". However at that time Brightley was garrisoned by 300 Royalist cavalry, watched closely from Brightley Bridge by the "Barnstaple Horse", a local troop of Parliamentarian cavalry. <mask>'s younger brother <mask>, a London merchant, sought advice from their cousin Walter Erle as to how <mask> should make his surrender to Parliament.He was advised to take the earliest opportunity to do so, and thus following the departure of the royalist horse from Brightley, Giffard immediately sought an order of protection from Sir Thomas Fairfax, commander-in-chief of the Parliamentarian forces. At the establishment of the Commonwealth, <mask> was sequestrated and imprisoned and paid a composition of £1,136. He had submitted to Parliament in mitigation of his actions a "humble petition" in which he stated that he had been persuaded by some of his relatives to take up arms against Parliament, and "did not clearly apprehend the drift of things"; he "...only acted very sparingly, doing what he was required to do to preserve his person, wife and children". These Royalist relatives of his were the Wyndhams, his wife's family, and the Grenvilles, lords of the manors of Bideford in Devon and Stowe, Kilkhampton in Cornwall, the head of which family was Sir Bevil Grenville, beside whom Giffard fought at Lansdowne. The local population of Chittlehampton however disagreed. In a counter-petition they complained to Parliament that Giffard should not be permitted to compound for his delinquency,
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which refusal would therefore result in the confiscation of his estates. Twelve parishioners of Chittlehampton, all of whom claimed to have "always stood right and well affected to the Parliament", signed the counter-petition in which they called Giffard "a violent and active enemy to the state", who had persecuted them "with all eagerness and cruelty", and had caused them and others losses valued at five to six thousand pounds.<mask>'s petition was accepted by the local Commissioners of Parliament for Devon, namely Sir Samuel I Rolle (c. 1588 – 1647), MP, of Heanton Satchville, Petrockstowe and Sir <mask>, 1st Baronet (died 1676) of Newton St Cyres, and he was thus allowed to compound for the sum of £1,136, equating to three times his net annual income. Following the Restoration of the Monarchy in 1660 <mask> was selected by King Charles II as one of the proposed fourteen Devonshire Knights of the Royal Oak. This honour was proposed for the Englishmen who had actively supported that king during his exile in France, but was abandoned before being formally established lest it might perpetuate dissension. Death and burial
<mask> died in 1665 at Brightley and was buried among his ancestors in Chittlehampton parish church. His image survives as a kneeling figure on the monument in the Giffard Chapel in Chittlehampton Church he erected himself in 1625 in memory of his grandfather, <mask> (died 1622) of Brightley. In his will he bequeathed £1,000 to each of his five unmarried daughters. Assessment by <mask>
The Devon biographer Rev.<mask> (1643–1723) who had served under Rev. <mask> at Bideford as a young curate and thus had personal
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knowledge of the family, included <mask> in his magnum opus Worthies of Devon and wrote of him as follows:
He was a gentleman of a very grave and comely aspect, of an obliging carriage, of a sober life, and a pious conversation. Such was his deportment towards men, in all his actions, as if he were conscious the eye of God was upon him; and such his behaviour towards God, in the instance of devotion and religion, as if he thought he was a spectacle to angels and to men. Insomuch, his sobriety and piety brought great reputation to the royal cause in those parts where he lived; and he was an excellent ornament to his profession, both as a subject and a Christian.Among all the instances of the piety of this worthy gentleman, unto whom I had the honour of being personally known, that must not be forgotten which he did to the memory of his grandfather; for in the north isle of the parish church of Chittlehampton aforesaid, he erected a monument to him of alabaster (sic) of great cost and curiosity; where his similitude in armor is lively represented, and the whole adorned with escutcheons of the family
Notes
References
Sources
Andrews, Rev. J.H.B., "Chittlehampton", Transactions of the Devonshire Association, vol.94, 1962, pp.233–338. Andriette, Eugene A., Devon and Exeter in the Civil War, Newton Abbot: David & Charles, 1971. Prince, <mask> The Worthies of Devon.A new edition, with notes. London, 1810. Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L., (Ed.) The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620. Exeter, 1895. Further reading
1602 births
1665 deaths
Cavaliers
Military personnel from Devon
People from
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<mask> (February 22, 1822 – January 25, 1907) was a leader, lecturer and social activist in the American suffragist movement. Early life
<mask> was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, the fifth child and second daughter of Harriet Porter and the Reverend <mask>'s Western Female Institute. The Western Female Institute closed during the Panic of 1837, not long after <mask>'s mother Harriet died. Then, at age fifteen, she returned to Connecticut for an additional year of schooling at the Hartford Female Seminary, the first school her sister Catherine had founded, but was no longer involved with. While studying in Hartford, <mask> met <mask>, a young lawyer from an established Connecticut family.They married in 1841, and <mask> spent most of the following twenty-five years raising their three children. John brought a reformist attitude to the marriage; just before their marriage, John made his abolitionist sympathies known. <mask> did not immediately approve of her husband's position, but she gradually converted to the anti-slavery cause. Throughout the 1850s <mask> supported the abolitionist cause, but her primary activity was motherhood. These early tendencies toward domesticity were likely an influence of her sister Catherine's philosophy. The <mask> family moved to Hartford in 1853 and purchased land with Francis and Elisabeth Gillette, which formed the first homesteads of what would become the Nook Farm Literary Colony. Activism
Following the Civil War, <mask> carefully ventured into the divided women's movement with the unsigned "A Mother's Letter to a Daughter on Women Suffrage", which relied on the idea that, "women would raise the moral level of politics and bring a motherly wisdom to the affairs of government."<mask> first attended a few women's rights conventions in New York and Boston, and participated in the founding of the New England Women Suffrage Association. Then, she made her intentions known to her friends and neighbors in Hartford by founding the Connecticut Women Association and Society for the Study of
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Political Science. <mask> followed this up with a petition to the Connecticut General Assembly. With the legal aid of her husband, she wrote and presented a bill that provided married women with property rights. The bill was rejected, but she reintroduced it every year until it passed in 1877. By 1870, <mask> <mask> was in the full swing of the suffragist movement traveling throughout the mid-west on her first speaking tour. This first of many tours was in preparation for the 1871 Washington convention on suffrage, which focused on just suffrage alone, not women's rights in general.<mask> thought that by building the convention around one issue, she could re-unite the divided women's movement. <mask> set the agenda by describing the situation as she saw it, a view in which the constitution provided women with citizenship, and congress only needed to recognize this fact for women suffrage to be a done deal. This convention got the women's movement in the congressional door, for the first time Congress responded to the women activists with a hearing. Victoria Woodhull led the presentation to the House Judiciary Committee, and <mask> followed; they both presented the convention's argument. <mask> maintained the constitutional argument for most of the 1870s and used it for the many additional times she spoke before the House Judiciary Committee. <mask> believed this argument partly because she thought it would be too difficult to get a constitutional amendment passed. However, most of the congressmen rejected the suffragists' notions, and contended that Congress could not intervene in voter eligibility.However, <mask> felt so strongly that women could already technically vote, that she and other women activists tried to vote in the election of 1872; while Susan Anthony succeeded, and was arrested, <mask> was unable to penetrate the security at the polling station. By the mid-1880s <mask> advocated the more common position that women should vote because they would bring a new level of dignity to politics. Along with her drift in
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strategy, <mask> was campaigning for women's rights in general, instead of focusing on suffrage alone. During 1887, <mask> spoke on the need for women to have greater roles in society, including the benefits of female police officers. She digressed on a campaign for police reform than included complete reorganization of New York City's police department, with a woman as superintendent; for this she was mocked by the New York World and the Chicago Tribune. While <mask> was derided in New York and Chicago, she had enough national stature that her speaking tours were regularly reported. Furthermore, she gained respect in Hartford, where The Hartford Courant published her lectures from around the country and her congressional addresses.As she wound down her travels she was able to use this avenue to continue her advocacy. By the turn of the century she journeyed less frequently to speak, but maintained her activity by writing letters, and her annual presentation of a voting bill to the Connecticut General Assembly. She made one last appearance before Congress in 1893, where she persuaded various senators to endorse a limited suffrage proposal. <mask>'s last appearance before the General Assembly to present the voting bill was in 1901. Death
<mask> <mask> was at the side of her half-sister <mask> Stowe when she died at her Hartford home in 1896. <mask> was crippled by a stroke on January 13, 1907, and died twelve days later. While she died more than a decade before the nineteenth amendment was ratified, her participation in the women's movement saw it transformed from a fringe group to the respectable lobby that succeeded in 1920.Within her native state of Connecticut <mask> contributed primarily in her advocacy for women's property rights, which passed into law in 1877. Further reading
Notes
External links
<mask> <mask>
<mask> Beecher
American abolitionists
American activists
American suffragists
People from Litchfield, Connecticut
Beecher family
Burials at Cedar Hill Cemetery (Hartford, Connecticut)
Women civil rights
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<mask> (; 26 February 1918 – 27 September 1985) was the fourth highest scoring Soviet flying ace from World War II, with over 50 individual aerial victories. He went on to become a Colonel-General of Aviation in the Soviet Air Forces. Early life
<mask> was born on 26 February 1918 to a working-class Russian family in Aksai village. After completing secondary school in 1934, he attended a vocational school until 1935 and then worked at an enamel factory in Rostov while training at a local aeroclub. He left his factory job to join the military in December 1938 after completing training at the aeroclub. World War II
Two years after joining the military <mask> graduated from the Stalingrad Military Aviation School and was assigned to a fighter aviation regiment in the Belorussian Military District. He was sent to the front in June 1941 after the German invasion of the Soviet Union as part of the 162nd Fighter Aviation Regiment on the Western Front, but did not begin flying combat missions until August 1942.From July to September 1941 he underwent retraining in Kuznetsk as part of the 13th Reserve Fighter Aviation Regiment. After completing training he was assigned to the 423rd Fighter Aviation Defense Regiment where he served from April to August 1942 until he was reassigned as commander of the 487th Fighter Aviation Defense Regiment. Despite holding the position of regimental commander he flew missions on MiG-3 and Yak-7B aircraft to provide air cover to strategically important areas of Gorky and Voronezh. On 3 August he scored his first aerial victory when he shot down a Heinkel He 111 at night. He did not receive permission to takeoff from his superior
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led them in an attack on a formation of 27 bombers led by eight fighters.Within the span of four minutes the group shot down eleven enemy aircraft, five of which were shot down by <mask> himself, making him an ace-in-a day. On three other occasions other he personally shot down four planes over the course of a single day. After an aerial engagement on 31 May 1944 he sustained a serious wound to his right hand that required surgery, but managed to lead his squadron back to the airfield just before passing out. On 1 July 1944 he received his second gold star for his service. After recovering in the hospital he went back to flying combat missions in August and scored three more victories, but was soon recalled from the front lines to attend the Air Force Academy like many other flying aces from the war. In total he made 200 combat sorties and fought in 69 aerial engagements, scoring 55 individual and five shared aerial victories in the process, giving him one of the highest kill ratios of any allied ace in the war. Postwar life
After the war <mask> graduated from the Zhukovsky Air Force Academy in 1950 and then went on to hold various leadership positions in the Soviet Air Forces.In 1960 he graduated from the Military Academy of the General Staff and was appointed as commander of the 15th Air Defense Division in Lipetsk, where he served until he was transferred to the 2nd Air Defense Corps in the Tver oblast. He rose through the ranks and held multiple commands before reaching the rank of Colonel-General in 1972. In 1974 he became the deputy commander-in-chief of the combat training division of the Air Defense Forces and in 1976 went on to become the
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<mask> (born Elizabeth Barry Scale, June 9, 1884June 30, 1965) was an American actress who gained fame on the stage and in silent films. Early life
<mask> was born Elizabeth Barry Scale in Hoboken, New Jersey, to Irish immigrants from County Cork. Her father came to the United States with a London company that presented The Lights of London. Her cousins were actresses Edith and Mabel Taliaferro. At age 5 she debuted on stage with James A. Hearn. Career
As a young woman, <mask> was the Proctor Stock Company's ingenue at the Fifth Avenue Theatre in New York, after which she portrayed Madge in In Old Kentucky for two years. In 1902, she married actor Sumner Gard.She did not tell her parents until January 1, 1903. That was followed by two years as Lovey Mary in Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage Patch. She became leading woman with the Belasco Stock Company in Los Angeles after performing for a year in Belasco's Rose of the Rancho. She went on to portray Luna in The Bird of Paradise and to have the lead in We Are Seven. In the first decade of the 20th century <mask> worked in the legitimate theater on Broadway and on the road as movies were not popular for stage actors yet. <mask> began her film career in 1913, debuting on-screen in Lasky Picture Company's Rose of the Rancho. She worked intensively for New York Motion Picture Company and Triangle Film Corporation (among other studios) until she announced her retirement in the early 1930s.In 1917, she had her own production company, the Bessie Barriscale Feature Company. Barriscale announced the formation at a
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news conference on May 1, 1917. Plans called for the company to produce six to eight features each year. Another new company, Paralta Plays, was designated to distribute the films. James Young was hired as one of three directors for Barriscale's new company. In 1918, Barriscale was contracted by J.L. Frothingham of B.B.Features and the Roberson Cole Company to make 16 films. B.B. Features was an Arizona corporation. The movies were to be completed, produced, and delivered by January 21, 1921. At this time, Miss <mask>'s managers insured her life for a half million dollars against eventualities. The total cost of the features totaled more than $1,000,000. <mask> was enthusiastic about William Shakespeare and wanted to bring one of his plays to the screen.The actress was also an excellent swimmer. In The Woman Michael Married (1919), she was featured in a movie adapted from a novel by Annette Kellermann. <mask> went so far as to hire a swimming and diving instructor and took lessons in Venice, California. A 90-foot pool was constructed at Brunton Studios where the scenes were shot. The film was directed by Henry Kolker. In 1919, she traveled with her husband—actor, director, and film producer—Howard C. Hickman and their small son on a world tour. They anticipated producing motion pictures during their journey and traveled with a cameraman.In 1921, <mask> came east to play in The Skirt. The play was to travel to Philadelphia and Boston after opening in Washington, D.C.. Later the production appeared in New York City. In prior years, <mask>
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participated in plays for the Belasco Theater in Los Angeles and once appeared in Belasco productions, notably Bird of Paradise written by Richard Walton Tully. She played a princess named Luana. During the early years, <mask> was in vaudeville, with two-a-day, three-a-day, and even four-a-day performances not uncommon. Actor Jackie Coogan and his parents purchased the home of <mask> <mask> in Pellisier Square, Los Angeles in February 1922. The residence was valued at $45,000.<mask> returned to the stage in Women Go On Forever. She had been married 21 years and had a son age 20 at this time. The production opened at the Hollywood Music Box in March 1928. She played a "housewife type," and confessed to having rehearsed for the role in a gingham dress she took from the wardrobe of her home in Santa Monica, California. Her feet were slightly smaller than her shoes. She said she had been working at home for several years and had just learned to cook. Death
<mask> died in Kentfield, California on June 30, 1965.She is interred next to her husband, Howard C. Hickman, at the Mount Tamalpais Cemetery in San Rafael, California. Honors
For her contributions to the film industry, <mask> received a motion pictures star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960. Her star is located at 6652 Hollywood Boulevard. Filmography
The Gambler's Pal (1913), short
Eileen of Erin (1913), short
The Bells of Austi (1914), short
The Making of Bobby Burnit (1914), short
Ready Money (1914)
Rose of the Rancho (1914)
The Devil (1915)
The Cup of Life (1915)
The Reward
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<mask> (IAST: Sīyaka; reigned c. 949-972 CE), also known as Harsha (IAST: Harṣa), was a Paramara king, who ruled in west-central India. He appears to have been the first independent ruler of the Paramara dynasty. Siyaka is the earliest Paramara ruler known from his own inscriptions, which have been discovered in present-day Gujarat, and suggest that he was once a feudatory of the Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta. After the death of the Rashtrakuta emperor Krishna III, he fought against the new king Khottiga, and sacked the Rashtrakuta capital Manyakheta in c. 972 CE. This ultimately led to the decline of the Rashtrakutas, and established the Paramaras as an imperial power. Background
Siyaka was the son of Vairisimha II. The Harsola copper-plate inscriptions issued by Siyaka are dated 31 January 949 CE.Based on this, it can be inferred that <mask> must have ascended the Paramara throne sometime before January 949 CE. Names and titles
In his own inscriptions, as well as the inscriptions of his successors Munja and Bhoja, he is called "Siyaka". In Udaipur prashasti inscription (which mentions an earlier king called <mask>), as well as the Arthuna inscription, the predecessor of Munja has been called Harsha (or Shri Harsha-deva). Therefore, modern historians also refer to him as <mask> II to distinguish him from <mask> I mentioned in the Udaipur inscription; some scholars believe that <mask> I is a
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fictional person. Merutunga, in his Prabandha-Chintamani, names the king as Simha-danta-bhata (alternatively Simha-bhata). According to one theory, "Siyaka" is the Prakrit corruption of the Sanskrit "Simhaka". Georg Bühler suggested that the full name of the king was Harsha-simha, and both parts of this name were used to refer to him.Military career
By the time of <mask>aras had declined in power, because of attacks from the Rashtrakutas and the Chandelas. Siyaka's 949 CE Harsola inscriptions suggests that he was a feudatory of the Rashtrakuta ruler Krishna III. However, the same inscription also mentions the high-sounding Maharajadhirajapati as one of Siyaka's titles. Based on this, K. N. Seth believes that Siyaka's acceptance of the Rashtrakuta lordship was nominal. Seth also theorizes that Siyaka was originally a Pratihara vassal, but shifted his allegiance to the Rashtrakutas as the Pratihara power declined. Yogaraja
The inscriptions of Siyaka are the earliest known Paramara inscriptions: they have been discovered in present-day Gujarat, and therefore, it appears that the Paramaras were connected with Gujarat in their early years. The Harsola inscriptions record Siyaka's village grants to two Nagar Brahmins, after a victorious campaign against one Yogaraja.The identity of Yogaraja is uncertain: he may have been a Chavda chief or the Chalukya chief Avantivarman Yogaraja II. Both these
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(possibly Betwa) in the west. Based on these facts, it appears that Siyaka had to face a defeat against the Chandelas. Sack of Manyakheta
In 963 CE, the Rashtrakuta king Krishna III led a second expedition of northern India.The 965 CE and 968 CE inscriptions of his Western Ganga feudatory Marasimha state that their forces destroyed Ujjayani, a major city of the Malwa region. Based on this, historians such as A. S. Altekar theorize that <mask> had rebelled against the Rashtrakutas, resulting in a military campaign against him. However, K. N. Seth believes that Ujjain was under Gurjara-Pratihara rule at this time, and Krishna III's campaign was directed against them: there is no evidence to show that Siyaka rebelled against Krishna III or faced a battle against his forces. After the death of Krishna III in c. 967 CE, the Rashtrakuta power started declining. His successor Khottiga, probably wary of the growing Paramara power, fought a battle against Siyaka. The battle was fought at Khalighatta on the banks of the Narmada River. Khottiga appears to have been the aggressor in this battle, as it was fought closer to the traditional Paramara territory.<mask> was victorious, although he lost his Vagada feudatory Kanka (or Chachha) in the battle. After the battle, Siyaka pursued Khottiga's retreating forces to the Rashtrakuta capital Manyakheta, and sacked that city. The Udaipur prashasti states that
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Siyaka was as fierce as garuda when he took the wealth of Khottiga in battle. This event happened in 972-973 CE, as suggested by the poet Dhanapala, who states that he wrote Paiyalacchi-namamala when the lord of Malava was looting Manyakheta. Siyaka's victory led to the decline of the Rashtrakutas, and the establishment of the Paramaras as a sovereign power in Malwa. Last years
At its zenith, Siyaka's kingdom extended from Banswara in north to the Narmada River in south, and from Khetaka-mandala (present-day Kheda / Mahi River) in the west to Vidisha area (Betwa River) in the east. According to the Paramara court poet Padmagupta, Siyaka was a Rajarshi ("king-sage"): he retired as an ascetic, after which he wore clothes made of grass.Tilaka-Manjari, a work composed by Dhanapala (the court poet of Siyaka's son Munja), suggests that <mask> was a devotee of the goddess Lakshmi (Sri). <mask> and his queen Vadaja had two sons: Munja-raja (alias Vakpati) and Sindhu-raja. Siyaka sacked Manyakheta in c. 972 CE, and his successor Munja's earliest inscription is dated 974 CE, so <mask> must have retired or died somewhere between 972 and 974 CE. Inscriptions
{
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"features": [
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": { "marker-symbol": "monument", "title": "Harsol", "description": "Also known as Harsola" },
"geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [73.0140, 23.3628]
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human form, about to strike a snake held in its left arm.Below the Garuda is the sign manual of the king. The name of the dapaka (the officer-in-charge of registering the grants) is mentioned as Kaṇhapaika. The same name appears in the 974 CE Dharmapuri grant of <mask>'s son Munja. References
Bibliography
Paramara dynasty
10th-century Indian
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<mask> (born June 21, 1978) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour and formerly the Nationwide Tour. He has won nine times on the PGA Tour. Kuchar briefly enjoyed success in the early 2000s before suffering a slump where he struggled to maintain his playing status on the PGA Tour. He rejuvenated himself and built a new, one-plane swing from 2008 onward leading to improved results. Kuchar was the PGA Tour's leading money winner in 2010. Kuchar won The Players Championship in 2012, the flagship event of the PGA Tour, his biggest tournament victory to date. As a result, he moved to a career high number five in the world rankings and has spent over 40 weeks ranked inside its top-10.In February 2013, Kuchar won his first World Golf Championship event, defeating Hunter Mahan in the final of the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship. At the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Kuchar won the first Olympic bronze medal awarded for golf since the 1904 Summer Olympics. Kuchar ended the 2018–19 season as the highest-earning PGA Tour player without a major championship win, with career earnings of over $50 million. The closest he has come was his second-place finish in the 2017 Open Championship at Royal Birkdale Golf Club. Early years
<mask> was born in Winter Park, Florida, to Peter, a life insurance salesman and college tennis pro, and <mask>, with one sibling, Rebecca. He went on to graduate from Seminole High School in Sanford in 1996. Later he attended Georgia Tech in Atlanta, where he was a two-time first-team All-American on the Yellow Jackets' golf team.After narrowly losing in the semi-finals of the 1996 U.S. Amateur championship to Tiger Woods, Kuchar won the title in 1997. He received the Haskins Award in 1998 as the nation's top collegiate golfer, and was the low amateur at both The Masters and U.S.
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Open. He turned pro in 2000 after earning his bachelor's degree in management. One of Kuchar's teammates at Georgia Tech was future PGA Tour professional Bryce Molder. Professional career
Early career
Kuchar turned professional in November 2000, after working briefly for a financial services firm. He missed the sign-up deadline for the 2000 qualifying school.In 2001 he was given sponsors' exemptions to some PGA Tour tournaments, and earned enough money to be fully exempt for the 2002 season. <mask>'s first win on the PGA Tour came at the Honda Classic in 2002. A tough year in 2005 saw him win under $403,000, 159th on the money list, which caused a loss of his tour card. He failed to regain it at qualifying school and played on the Nationwide Tour in 2006. Kuchar won its Henrico County Open and finished tenth on the Nationwide Tour money list to earn back his PGA Tour card for 2007. He retained his card for the next two seasons by finishing 115th on the money list in 2007 and 70th in 2008. 2009
Seven years after his first PGA Tour win, Kuchar won for a second time during the Fall Series in 2009 at the Turning Stone Resort Championship.He prevailed in a playoff over Vaughn Taylor that concluded on Monday due to darkness on Sunday evening. 2010
Kuchar made the Ryder Cup team in 2010, taking the eighth and last merit position on the 12-man U.S. squad on August 15. At the time, Kuchar led the PGA Tour in top-10 finishes for the year, but had not won a tournament in 2010. The winless streak ended two weeks later at The Barclays on August 29, which was played at the Ridgewood Country Club in Paramus, New Jersey; Kuchar defeated Martin Laird on the first hole of a sudden-death playoff. Kuchar won the Vardon Trophy and Byron Nelson Award in 2010 for lowest scoring average and the PGA Tour's Arnold Palmer Award for leading the money
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list. 2011
Kuchar started off 2011 well with three consecutive top-10 finishes in the first three weeks of the season. He finished T6 at the opening PGA Tour event, the Hyundai Tournament of Champions on Maui.The following week at the Sony Open in Hawaii, he played his way to a T5 finish and then at the Bob Hope Classic achieved a T7 finish. In February, Kuchar reached the semi-finals of the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship, where he suffered a 6&5 defeat by eventual champion Luke Donald. In the 3rd place playoff match, he defeated fellow American Bubba Watson, 2&1. Previously during the week Kuchar had beaten Anders Hansen on the 22nd hole in round one, Bo Van Pelt in round two, Rickie Fowler in round three and Yang Yong-eun at the quarter-final stage. Kuchar finished tied for second at the Memorial Tournament at Muirfield Village in June 2011 behind Steve Stricker. This was his eighth top-10 finish of the season and took him to his highest ranking to date of world number six. Kuchar finished second at The Barclays, two strokes behind the winner, Dustin Johnson.The tournament was shortened to 54 holes due to Hurricane Irene. This finish moved him to second in the FedEx Cup standings. <mask> and Gary Woodland combined to win the Omega Mission Hills World Cup in November. 2012
<mask> had his best performance in a major championship at The Masters when he finished in a tie for third. <mask> was tied for the lead on the back nine on Sunday, but bogeyed the par three 16th and finished two strokes out of the playoff between Bubba Watson and Louis Oosthuizen. Kuchar won the biggest tournament of his career in May when he won The Players Championship at TPC Sawgrass in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida. He shot a final round of 70 (−2) to win by two strokes over runners-up Rickie Fowler, Martin Laird, Ben Curtis, and Zach Johnson.He
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entered the final round in the last group, one stroke behind Kevin Na. After bogeying the first hole, he played a near-perfect round, except for a three-putt bogey on the 17th, to hold off the challengers. The win elevated Kuchar to a career high of number five in the world rankings. 2013
He won the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship in February, defeating Hunter Mahan 2&1 in the final. During the final, Kuchar built up an early lead and was 4 up at the turn. Mahan mounted a comeback on the back nine, winning four of the next seven holes to trail by just one with two to play. Mahan's wild drive on the par-4 17th put him in trouble, and after Kuchar knocked his approach close, Mahan failed to chip in for par and conceded the hole, which ended the match and gave Kuchar his first World Golf Championship title.Throughout the week, <mask> was never more than one down in any of his matches and only trailed three times on his way to the win. He defeated Hiroyuki Fujita, Sergio García, Nicolas Colsaerts, Robert Garrigus and Jason Day en route to the final. Kuchar moved back into the world's top 10 after this victory. His second win in 2013 came at the Memorial Tournament in early June. Late in the year Kuchar played in two events in Australia. He finished runner-up to Adam Scott at the Australian Masters and finished fourth in the 2013 World Cup of Golf. 2014
In the final round of the Valero Texas Open in March, Kuchar held a share of the lead with nine holes to play but bogeyed the 10th and 11th holes and finished T-4.The next week, he had a four-stroke lead going into the final round at the Shell Houston Open but lost a playoff to <mask>' 42-yard chip-in on the first extra hole. <mask> was again in contention the following week at the Masters Tournament, where he was tied for the lead on Sunday before four-putting the fourth
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and three in solo second behind Spieth. After Spieth's near meltdown on the 13th hole of the final round, Kuchar held a one-stroke lead with five holes to play. However, Spieth played the last five holes in five-under-par to claim the championship by three strokes over <mask>, who finished three strokes ahead of third-place finisher Li Haotong. Kuchar finished the year 14th in the FedEx Cup standings and represented the United States in the President's Cup, posting a 2–1 record in the United States' win.2018
In the 2017–18 PGA Tour season, <mask> had another winless campaign. He played in 24 events. He had four top-10 finishes and made 20 cuts. He won $1,720,097 for the year and finished 76th in the season long FedEx Cup. U.S. Ryder Cup captain Jim Furyk named Kuchar as a non-playing vice-captain for the U.S. team in the 2018 Ryder Cup. The U.S. team lost to the European team 17 1/2 to 10 1/2 at Le Golf National outside of Paris, France. On November 11, 2018, Kuchar won the Mayakoba Golf Classic in Cancun, Mexico.This event was part of the 2018–19 PGA Tour season. Kuchar took home a winner's check of $1.296 million and paid his caddie, David Giral Ortiz, the amount they agreed to for a top ten finish ($4,000) and an additional $1,000 on top of that to equal $5,000, which is a 0.38 percent tip of the $1.296 million, causing a social media controversy. This amount is below the average payout (10 percent) for a full-time caddie whose player wins. Because Kuchar's regular caddie was not available, Ortiz was hired and agreed to the terms presented. Ortiz has stated to Golf.com that he never expected the full 10 percent payout and that "<mask> is a good person and a great player. He treated me very well. I am only disappointed by how it all finished."When asked about giving his caddie such a low tip, Kuchar defended his decision by
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stating, "For a guy who makes 200 a day, a 5000 dollar week is a really big week". On February 15, 2019, Kuchar apologized and agreed to pay Ortiz the requested $50,000 and also donate an unspecified amount to local Cancun charities. At the end of the 2018–19 PGA Tour regular season, Rory McIlroy jokingly roasted <mask>r over the caddie pay controversy. At the initial award ceremony of the Wyndham Rewards Top 10, which awarded a $10 million bonus pool to the top 10 players in the final regular season FedEx Cup standings, after Kuchar playfully joked about McIlroy's narrow 2-point margin for an extra $300,000, McIlroy highlighted that "And we all know what money means to him." 2019
On January 13, 2019, Kuchar won the Sony Open in Hawaii, his second win in three starts. On March 31, 2019, Kuchar reached the championship round of the WGC-Dell Technologies Match Play for the second time in his career, having previously done so in 2013 when he went on to win the title. He lost to Kevin Kisner, 3 & 2, in the final.In December 2019, Kuchar played on the U.S. team at the 2019 Presidents Cup at Royal Melbourne Golf Club in Australia. The U.S. team won 16–14. Kuchar went 0–1–3, but battled back from 3 down against Louis Oosthuizen to halve the match in Sunday singles. Kuchar made the Cup-clinching putt on 17. 2020
On January 19, 2020, Kuchar won the Singapore Open on the Japan Golf Tour. The tournament was co-sanctioned by the Asian Tour. Personal life
Kuchar is married to Sybi Parker, who was a tennis player at Georgia Tech, and they live on St. Simons Island in Georgia.Their two sons are Cameron Cole and Carson Wright. <mask> is a Christian. Amateur wins
1997 Terra Cotta Invitational, U.S. Amateur
Professional wins (17)
PGA Tour wins (9)
PGA Tour playoff record (2–1)
Japan Golf Tour wins (1)
1Co-sanctioned by the Asian
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<mask> (born <mask>t: 5 January 1913 – 8 August 1981) was a Bremen politician (KPD, SPD) and, between 1950 and 1971, member of the Bremen parliament ("Bürgerschaft"). Life
<mask> was born into a working-class family in the Walle quarter of Bremen, located between the right bank of the river and the city centre. She attended the Reform ("progressive") School in Schleswig Street and then spent a year at a Home Economics College, an institution designed to prepare students for careers as senior domestic servants. <mask> preferred factory work, however (which increasingly was better paid than "domestic service" at this time), taking a job in a tobacco factory when she was 15. She continued in factory work till 1932, playing an active part in the trades union movement. She was also politically active more generally, having been a member of the Young Communists since her school days. It was in the Young Communists that she got to know <mask>.They married in 1930 when she was seventeen, and in 1932 moved together to Breslau (as Wrocław was then known). <mask> was a paid official of the Young Communists and had been relocated in connection with his work. However, in 1933 the Nazis took power and lost no time in transforming Germany into a one-party dictatorship. Following the Reichstag fire at the end of February 1933 communists, such as <mask>, found themselves subjected to particularly intensive persecution. It was presumably around this time that <mask> <mask> also joined the (now illegal) Communist Party of Germany. In December 1933 <mask>, in response to party instructions, relocated from Silesia via Czechoslovakia to Moscow, accompanied by his wife. Between 1933 and 1939 <mask> lived in the Soviet Union under an assumed identity as "Dolly Wehner".She worked, between 1934 and 1936, as an intern in Moscow with the European secretariat of the
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Young Communist International organisation. During much of this time her husband, sent back to undertake "illegal party work", lived underground in the industrial Ruhr area of Germany, but in the summer of 1936 he returned to Moscow. The next year the couple fell foul of the dictator's belief - not necessarily unfounded - that some comrades thought that someone other than him, such as, for instance, Leon Trotsky, should be running the Soviet Union. Unlike many arrested political exiles from Nazi Germany, Heinrich and <mask> Landwehr were not killed, but in the context of the purges of 1936-38 they were sent into internal exile in 1937, ending up in or near Rostov-on-Don where <mask> <mask> was sent to work in a tobacco factory. Following the remarkable news in October 1939 that a non-aggression pact had been concluded between Germany and the Soviet Union, <mask>, who at this point was serving as a forced labourer on an agricultural unit, was handed over to the Gestapo back in Germany, and <mask> <mask> successfully submitted an application to be returned to Germany. She arrived back in Bremen at the end of the summer, a week or so ahead of her husband. Her baby daughter died a few days later.Back in Bremen Heinrich Landwehr was required to report regularly to the Gestapo. Little is known of how the Landwehrs came through the war. There is mention of <mask> Landwehr having been detained by the Gestapo, after which she worked as a precision mechanic ("Feinmechanikerin") and later in an office job with Atlas Elektronik in Bremen: here one of her tasks involved simultaneous translation, working with Russian prisoners of war being used as forced labourers. War ended with German defeat in May 1945. The western two thirds of the country were divided into four occupation zones. The north-west of the country was placed under British military
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occupation, with the exception of Bremen which for strategic reasons was occupied by the United States Army. Political party membership was no longer outlawed, and both the Landwehrs now joined not the Communist Party but the Social Democrats.<mask> Landwehr immediately became very active within the party, undertaking a succession of party functions. She headed up the party's women's group in the city's Ostertor quarter and served as a member of the regional party executive for Bremen. After the death of Anna Stiegler in 1963 <mask> Landwehr took over the chair of the SPD Women's Working Group for the party for the entire Bremen region. Meanwhile, she supported herself, from 1949, with a public service job. It was in May 1949 that three of the four military occupation zones into which Germany had been divided four years earlier, including the British and US zones, were fused together and relaunched as the German Federal Republic (West Germany). By that time Landwehr had already stood, in 1946/47, as an SPD candidate for election to the member of the Bremen parliament ("Bürgerschaft"). She was not successful.On 15 September 1950 she took the seat vacated through the resignation of Karl Köster. She was re-elected on her own account in the election of 7 October 1951, and then again in 1955, 1959, 1963 and 1967, becoming one of the assembly's most high-profile members. Landwehr became known as a passionate and tireless campaigner for training and education, fighting for the retention of the compulsory six year junior school system introduced in 1949. That was a battle that was lost in 1955, however, when, following a political deal between the local SPD and coalition partners in the Bremen parliament, Bremen came into line with the rest of the country and switched to four year junior schools. Nevertheless, during the 1960s she became her
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party's education spokesperson in the chamber. As a politician she was known for speaking her mind in a direct manner, generally sticking to facts. One exception was her reaction to speeches from Communist Party members in the "Bürgerschaft" during the 1950s.One contemporary recalled how she would become a true "Kommunistenfresserin" (loosely: "Communist muncher") on these occasions. Like a number of Social Democrats who had cut their political teeth as Communist Party members and then been bitterly disappointed by the actions of (former) political comrades, her anti-Communism passion was backed by the conviction of a true convert. At the end of the 1960s Landwehr was part of the committee of enquiry into the building land affair which involved payments believed to be questionable to a land agent who was described as a friend to the SPD leader in Bremen, Richard Boljahn. The affair ended Boljahn's political career. Another parliamentary committee in which she served was that which drafted Bremen's Higher Education Law, which in turn led to the founding in 1971 of the University of Bremen. <mask> Landwehr did not stand for re-election in 1971. <mask> had retired the previous year from his longstanding job as secretary of the party regional organisation.He was terminally ill and she cared for him, with a level of self-sacrifice that drew comment from at least one commentator, till his death in 1974. Four and a half years younger than her husband, <mask> <mask> outlived him by seven years, dying of heart disease five months short of her own sixty-ninth birthday. References
Politicians from Bremen
Communist Party of Germany politicians
Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians
Members of the Bürgerschaft of Bremen
German women's rights activists
German socialist feminists
1913 births
1981 deaths
Refugees from Nazi Germany in the
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<mask> QC, LLD, DCL, FBA (born July 10, 1944) is a Greek-British barrister and legal scholar currently holding the position of Jamail Regents Professor at the University of Texas, Austin. He was previously Professor of Common and Civil Law at University College London. Early life and education
Sir <mask> was born in Athens, Greece. He is the son of Greek politician Spyros Markezinis. He holds dual British and Greek citizenship. He started his education at the law school of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens from where he graduated with a first class degree followed by a Doctor Iuris, Athens - "Summa Cum Laude". Sir <mask> then went to read law at the University of Cambridge where he earned MA and PhD (York Prize) in 1970.In 1972, he was called to the bar at Gray's Inn, of which he is now a Bencher. He took silk, thus becoming a senior barrister, in 2001. Sir <mask> has been awarded an honorary degree from Cambridge (1988), Gent (1992), Oxford (1995), Paris I (1998), Munich (1999) and Athens (2006). Career
He has held office as Assistant Professor of Roman and Byzantine Law at the University of Athens (1966–8), Fellow and Director of Studies in Law at Trinity College, Cambridge (1974–1986), Lecturer in the Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge (1978–1986), Denning Professor of Comparative Law at Queen Mary and Westfield College, Professor of European Private Law at University College London, Clifford Chance Professor of European Law
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Carlo Azeglio Ciampi for “services to Comparative Law, Italian Law and European Integration”. (2002)
Knight Commander of the Order of Merit (Germany), awarded by President Johannes Rau for “exceptional services rendered to German-British relations”. (2003). Knight Bachelor (New Year’s Honours List, 2005). Chevalier Grand-Croix dans l'Ordre National du Mérite, (France) (2006).He is a Fellow of the British Academy, the Academy of Athens, the Institut de France and the Royal Belgian Academy. He has been a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences since 1995. He is also a member of the American Law Institute, of the Commercial Bar Association, and the London Common Law and Commercial Bar Association. Family
Professor <mask> is married to Eugenie Trypanis and they have two children. Bibliography
1. Σκιές απο την Αμερική. Άρθρα και Δοκίμια πάνω στον Σύγχρονο Αμερικανικό Επεκτατισμό, Εκδοσεις Λιβάνη, 2009 (σελίδες 364) (Greek)
2.Επικοινωνιακή Διπλωματία και Διπλωματία Βάθους, Εκδόσεις Λιβάνη (2009) (σελίδες 317). (in Greek)
3. Το Καλό και το Κακό στην Τέχνη και το Δίκαιο. Ενα Εκτενές Δοκίμιο, Εκδόσεις Λιβάνη (2010) (σελίδες 397). (Greek)
4. Engaging with Foreign Law (co-author), Hart Publishing (2009). 5.The Duality of Genius, Jan Sramek Verlag, illustrated, Vienna (2008) (pages 469)
6. Σκοτεινό Μεγαλείο, Εικονογραφημένο (σελίδες 175), Ελληνικά Γράμματα
7. Good and Evil in Art and Law. An Extended Essay, Springer Verlag,
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Wien-New York, (2007), 264 pages. [Chinese and Portuguese editions in preparation]. 8. Judicial Recourse to Foreign Law: A New Source of Inspiration?(co-author), (Rutledge/ Cavendish Press, 2006) (409 pages). 9. Juges et Universitaires face au droit comparé. Histoire des trente-cinq dernières années, Dalloz (2006) (with a foreword of President Guy Canivet). [French translation of book no 6, below, but up-dated and with an additional chapter on French/USA constitutional law.] 10. The German Law of Contract: A Comparative Treatise, 2nd ed.(co-author) [Completely re-cast and re-written to take into account the recent reform of German Contract Law; 2006, 979 pages plus liv. New edition to appear in 2011]
11. Patterns of Federalism and Regionalism (co-editor), Hart Press (2006) (280 pages). 12. <mask> and Deakin's Tort Law (co-author), Oxford (6th ed., 2007)
Articles
“Weltliteratur and Global Law Lessons from Goethe”, Liber Amicorum for Lord Bingham, Senior Law Lord, Oxford University Press (2009)(reprinted in the Common Law Review (2009)). « La politisation de la pensée juridique américaine », Mélanges Geneviève Viney, Dalloz (2008). "Human and Divine Justice" 6th Denning Lecture delivered at Lincoln’s Inn and to appear in the forthcoming Liber Amicorum Guido Alpa, Giuffré, Milano, (2007).“Political thinking, Human Rights law, and Legal Transplants”, Inaugural address at the University of Athens on the occasion of the award of a Doctorate Honoris
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Review of Private Law (2003). “Scholarship, Reputation of Scholarship, and Legacy: Some Provocative Reflections from a Comparatist’s Point of View.” The John Maurice Kelly Memorial Lecture, The Irish Jurist, 2003
“Caroline of Monaco, Zeta Jones, Naomi Campbell: the private lives of public figures and the Press” Lecture delivered at the Academy of Athens. ( Academia Analecta, 2003.) “Liability of Experts in German and American Law: An Exercise in Comparative Methodology” (co-authored), The American Journal of Comparative Law, Autumn issue, 2003
“Foreign Law Inspiring National Law: Lessons from Greatorex v. Greatorex 61 Cambridge Law Journal, 2002, pp. 386–404.See also
Spyros Markezinis
References
External links
Curriculum Vitae of Sir <mask>
"The russo-turkish relations and the position of Greece" (an article in greek of Sir <mask> in the greek newspaper To Vima)
"Russia and the EU: The Inevitable Rapprochement", an article in English and Greek from Sir <mask> published by the Center for European and International Affairs, University of Nicosia
Various articles in greek by Sir <mask>, published by Antibaro
1944 births
Living people
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens alumni
American lawyers
Fellows of the British Academy
Academics of University College London
Academics of Queen Mary University of London
University of Siena faculty
University of Michigan Law School faculty
University of Texas at Austin faculty
Queen's Counsel
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<mask> (July 7, 1924–December 19, 2001) was a clinical psychologist who was raised in Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America. <mask> had an interest in music, which happened to be her undergraduate major and a subject she integrated into her work. Once reaching graduate school, she became an advocate for Gestalt therapy; a therapy aimed towards self-awareness. <mask> was the co-founder of The Gestalt Training Centre. <mask> was the co-author of two novels (Gestalt Therapy Integrated and From the Radical Centre), and the sole author of Eve’s Daughters. <mask> died due to cancer, in 2001. Early life
<mask> was born <mask> on July 7, 1924 to Aaron Friedman and Minnie Rachbuch, a Jewish family in Cleveland, Ohio.<mask>'s family was consistently described as being loving and supportive of <mask>'s aspirations. Her father worked for the U.S. Postal Service at the time of the Great Depression, despite having a degree in law. Her mother was a housewife. <mask> had one brother who was five years older than her, Larry. Career
<mask>'s initial passion was music. She attended Miami University and completed her bachelor's degree in music in 1946.She did additional studies at the Cleveland Institute of Music in regard to vocal performance. <mask> met Erving <mask> in 1949, and the two were married in October. They have two children, Adam and Sarah. Both children had poor health as Adam had cerebral palsy and Sarah died from colon cancer in July 2001. In 1953, the Gestalt Institute of Cleveland was founded by key figures in the history of Gestalt theory, including Fritz Perls, Laura Perls, Isadore From, and Paul Goodman. Her husband, Erving <mask>, was among the founding faculty members, and his involvement in workshops that trained individuals in new Gestalt therapeutic
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techniques piqued her interest in psychology. <mask> went back to school and received her doctorate in clinical psychology from Case Western Reserve University in 1967.Theory
Gestalt therapy is an experiential and humanistic approach that aims to develop self-knowledge, acceptance, and growth. One aspect of therapy is establishing contact with the environment and self through our sensory organs which is essential to healthy development. <mask> and her husband Erving <mask> are responsible for furthering the development of the concept of contact-boundary. Boundaries function to help people to connect to their environment and withdraw from it when necessary. A disturbance of these boundaries can result in confluence, isolation, retroflection, introjection, projection, and deflection. Confluence refers to losing the boundary between self and others which is on the opposite spectrum of isolation in which the boundary becomes impermeable and connection to others is lost. Retroflection is restraining parts of your self from being expressed.Introjection is the passive acceptance of other people's ideas. Projection refers to attributing parts of self onto others and Deflection is the fear of conflict. All of these disturbances can fluctuate between healthy and unhealthy depending on your level of awareness. Literature
1973: Gestalt Therapy Integrated: Contours of Theory and Practice
Gestalt Therapy Integrated is the first novel written by Erving and <mask>. The Polsters wanted their book to serve as an extensive overview of Gestalt theory and therapeutic techniques, a textbook on the practices of Gestalt. In addition, Erving wanted to include personal interpretations of wider Gestalt theory and incorporated his own theories, including contact-boundary. Polster did not
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contribute a large part of her own theories and interpretations, but she aided Erving by discussing concepts in his theories with him that had been developed through his teachings and workshops at the Gestalt Institute of Cleveland.The novel is regarded by many scholars and students as a comprehensive introductory novel to Gestalt therapy. 1992: Eve’s Daughters: The Forbidden Heroism of Women
Eve’s Daughters is a novel that <mask> wrote alone. The novel emphasizes women's abilities to be heroes in a world that views heroism as a male dominated role. <mask> explains that heroism appears in different forms. <mask> mentions that the trend of gender roles, places limits to the potential of everyone. Eve’s Daughters exemplifies the discrepancies of the male and female gender through the story of Eve, and the story of Prometheus. Prometheus stole fire from the Gods and received punishment.After sanction, Prometheus was seen viewed as a brave and likeable character. In the story of Eve, she had eaten an apple despite being told otherwise by God. Unlike Prometheus, Eve is disciplined and perceived as an unlikable and disobedient figure. The novel points out that in a sense, Eve leads a wave of women making their own decisions on how they live; because of her choice to not follow an unrationalized command. Furthermore, Eve’s Daughters justifies, that Eve's story provides lessons used today (i.e. the concept of consequences following our actions). 1999: From the Radical Centre: The Heart of Gestalt Therapy
From the Radical Center: The Heart of Gestalt Therapy is a novel written by <mask> and Erving <mask>.It is a collection of their selected writings that covers the history of psychotherapy touching on theoretical and practical applications. The novel first sets the stage
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by describing the principles of Gestalt therapy, illustrating the application and transformation of the theories. They then discuss the role and implications of the community on the individual. Various aspects of theory and therapy are integrated in this novel to encompass the full spectrum of psychotherapy. Legacy
<mask> and her husband Erving <mask> started out by running couple and family workshops. They led groups together but did not do so in their own fields as much. <mask> and Erving <mask> founded the Gestalt Training Centre in San Diego, California.They taught and trained many professionals in Gestalt therapy all around the world. Literature stated that they were known as some of the most influential Gestalt therapists, and their training inspired others to take on Gestalt therapy training themselves. <mask> was also a member of the faculty of the Gestalt Institute in Cleveland, Ohio. She was involved with the Institute before and after she was a graduate student and was present at many workshops. Death
In 1994, <mask> was diagnosed with, and survived, both breast cancer and endometrial cancer; she died on December 19, 2001 at the age of 77 after a relapse in the endometrial cancer. References
1924 births
2001 deaths
20th-century American writers
American psychologists
20th-century psychologists
Miami University
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<mask> (1813–4 March 1877) was a pioneer British trade unionist and radical politician. He is best remembered as the head of the London Trades Council during the period of formation of the Trades Union Congress and as the first President of the First International. Biography
Early years
<mask> was born in 1813 in Roborough, Devon, England. Odger's father was a miner from Cornwall and the family was an impoverished one, forcing <mask> to be apprenticed as a shoemaker at about 10 years of age. Odger's formal education was limited and primitive, but he was able to expand his intellectual horizons through self-education and reading. Odger travelled the country in search of work as a shoemaker, eventually landing in London around the age of 20. There he became active in the nascent trade union movement, joining the Ladies Shoemakers' Society, which later became part of the Amalgamated Society of Cordwainers.Trade union leader
<mask> first came to public attention in 1859 when he served on a general committee to coordinate aid for striking workers in the London builders' strike of that year. This led to active participation in the London Trades Council when it was founded the following year, followed by election to the position of Secretary of that organisation in 1862. Also in 1862, Odger became the Chairman of the Manhood Suffrage and Vote by Ballot Association. A vigorous supporter of the anti-slavery Republicans in the American Civil War, Odger is credited with helping shift the editorial line of the labour newspaper The Bee-Hive from supporting the Confederate States of America in the conflict. Odger was associated with the Workman's Advocate, which became the press organ of the
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International and the Reform League, and from 1866–67 he was editor of the renamed Commonwealth. Also in 1866, he represented the London Trades Council at the first conferences the United Kingdom Alliance of Organised Trades, while in 1867, he joined the Conference of Amalgamated Trades. Shortly after the Reform League's Hyde Park demonstration in 1867, Odger attended a private meeting of a dozen senior members of the league in which the French revolutionary Gustave Paul Cluseret proposed they start a civil war in England.According to John Bedford Leno, <mask> spoke out in support of Cluseret's proposal but this was misreported in the next days issue of The Times. <mask> was in the minority of the league, which rejected the proposal overwhelmingly. President of the First International
On 28 September 1864 a meeting was held at the St. Martin's Hotel in London to launch an international association bringing together trade union leaders from Great Britain and the European continent, with a view to forestall the ability of employers to use unwitting foreign workers as a means of enforcing lockouts or breaking strikes. As a leading member of the British trade union movement, <mask>r not only attending this foundational gathering but was a prominent speaker at the event. The organisation resulting from the gathering would be known as the International Workingmen's Association, remembered today as the so-called First International. <mask> would be named to the governing General Council of this organisation, remaining in that position until his resignation in 1872. During this interval Odger also remained active in the Trades Union Congress (TUC), he was the Secretary of its Parliamentary
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Committee, the post later to become the General Secretary, from 1872 to 1873.Electoral politician
<mask> put himself forward electorally for the first time in the new constituency of Chelsea in the 1868 General election – the first held since passage of the Reform Act 1867 that granted the right to vote to part of the male urban working class for the first time. Although his participation had been sought by a great number of local voters, controversy erupted that Odger's participation would split the Liberal vote and he subsequently withdrew from the race. In June 1869 Odger was one of four Liberal candidates to compete for two seats in the borough of Stafford. Odger would finish in third place in the primary election, with the two Liberal victors defeated in the general election by Thomas Salt and Reginald Arthur James Talbot. Odger also stood as a Lib–Lab candidate in Southwark in the February 1870 by-election there, losing by about 300 votes out of more than 9,000 cast in a three-way race. Death and legacy
Odger died on 4 March 1877. He was remembered at the time of his death as a "good, clear writer and a fluent speaker.He was not what is called 'eloquent,' but he was better; he spoke with force, with effect, with a knowledge of his subject." Henry James wrote of the funeral: "The element of the grotesque was very noticeable to me in the most marked collection of the shabbier English types that I had seen since I came to London. The occasion of my seeing them was the funeral of Mr. <mask>, which befell some four or five weeks before the Easter period. Mr. <mask>r, it will perhaps be remembered, was an English Radical agitator of humble origin, who had distinguished himself by a
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perverse desire to get into Parliament. He exercised, I believe, the useful profession of a shoemaker, and he knocked in vain at the door that opens but to the refined. But he was a useful and honourable man, and his own people gave him an honourable burial." <mask> is buried in Brompton Cemetery.<mask> is listed on the Reformers' Memorial in Kensal Green Cemetery in London. Odger Street on the John Burns' Latchmere Estate in Battersea is named after him. A London County Council commemorative Blue Plaque was erected at Odger's former residence, 18 St Giles High Street, in the 1950s. After this house was demolished in the 1970s the plaque was rescued and can now be seen in the lobby of St Giles in the Fields having been placed there in 1974. Footnotes
Further reading
Keith Gildart and David Howell (eds. ), Dictionary of Labour Biography: Vol. XIII.Basingstoke 2010; pp.292–300. "<mask>," Obituary in The Spectator, 10 March 1877; pg. 12. General Secretaries of the Trades Union Congress
People from South Hams (district)
1813 births
1877 deaths
English socialists
English trade unionists
English people of Cornish descent
Liberal-Labour (UK) politicians
Burials at Brompton Cemetery
Members of the International Workingmen's Association
Members of the Parliamentary Committee of the Trades Union
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<mask> (April 18, 1948 – April 11, 2007) was an American businessman and long-time member of the LaRouche movement, an organization founded by American political activist Lyndon LaRouche. He was president of PMR Printing Co. and World Composition Services Inc., in Sterling, Virginia, printing businesses set up in 1978 to print material for the LaRouche movement, which received most of the money the LaRouche organisation spent on producing pamphlets; but the companies also worked for other clients including the United Nations and the Ford Foundation. He was also co-founder and editor of Fidelio, the magazine of the Schiller Institute, a LaRouche movement think-tank founded by Helga Zepp-LaRouche. <mask> died after jumping from a highway overpass on April 11, 2007, in what a spokesman for the Loudoun County Sheriff's Office said was an apparent suicide—the cause of death also recorded on the death certificate. Education and career
<mask> was born in the Bronx, New York. He graduated at the age of 16 from Bronx High School of Science, and graduated in 1968 with a bachelor's degree from St. John's College, Santa Fe, New Mexico; he then spent a year as a junior fellow at the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions with Robert M. Hutchins in Santa Barbara, California. In discussing his time at St. John's and the Center years later, <mask> described himself as a "Socratic revolutionary."He did graduate work in economics at the New School for Social Research Graduate Faculty in New York, and was employed as an editor by the American Institute of Physics, Marcel Dekker, and John Wiley & Sons. He directed amateur theater, specializing in Shakespeare, and taught classes in poetry and drama. He edited various LaRouche-related cultural magazines (Campaigner, Fidelio) and wrote on many topics, including "How to Read Poetry"; the economy, demography,
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and culture of Ancient Rome; William Gilbert and his work on magnetism. " . Involvement with the LaRouche movement
Kronberg became involved with the LaRouche movement, regarded by critics as a political cult,<ref>Chip Berlet. [http://www.publiceye.org/larouche/LaRouche_Theories.html "Lyndon LaRouche: Fascist Demagogue, LaRouche's Antisemitic Conspiracism], Public Eye.</ref> in 1971 after reading a LaRouche newspaper (New Solidarity) at a friend's house. A friend told Avi Klein of Washington Monthly: "He was sold on the guy from the beginning."In The Washington Monthly, Avi Klein writes that the relationship with LaRouche seemed to be a perfect fit for <mask> with his publishing experience, because the LaRouche movement's growth was being driven by its publication of political pamphlets and newspapers, which members would hand out on campuses and on the streets. Klein's sources, including ex-members and <mask>'s wife, say <mask>che movement, and that in the early 1970s, LaRouche began to engage in "ego stripping" sessions with senior members in which the member's core beliefs and relationship with his family were attacked. During one such session, <mask> was allegedly so disgusted that he threw a soda bottle across the room and walked out. Klein reports that <mask> was also shocked by the so-called Chris White affair in 1974, when LaRouche became convinced that White, his ex-girlfriend's new husband, had been brainwashed and sent by British intelligence to assassinate him. LaRouche "deprogammed" White over a period of two weeks. The New York Times obtained a tape recording of the sessions, during which "weeping and vomiting" could be heard, as well as someone saying "Raise the voltage," though LaRouche later said this had to do with the bright lights used during the questioning, not an electric shock.April Witt. "No Joke", The Washington
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Post, October 24, 2004
Despite his misgivings, <mask> believed LaRouche was a genius.Klein writes that <mask> "rationalized his leader's seemingly crackpot ideas," telling family members that LaRouche didn't really believe all the things he was saying. In 1974, <mask> became a national committee member of the National Caucus of Labor Committees (NCLC), part of the LaRouche movement. He was the production editor of their newspaper, New Solidarity, edited their magazine, The Campaigner, and later co-founded and edited Fidelio, a publication of LaRouche's Schiller Institute. He was a founding board member of Caucus Distributors, one of the key LaRouche companies. In 1978, he founded World Composition Services, which typeset material for LaRouche; according to Klein, Kronberg's companies also worked for other clients such as the United Nations and the Ford Foundation, as "low-cost printing" for LaRouche in reality often meant "free printing". According to a memorial posted on a LaRouche website, <mask> also played a leading role in promoting the ideas of Heinrich Heine and the Yiddish Renaissance. He did research, wrote, and taught classes on the English scientist William Gilbert, and on the Roman Empire.His poem honoring Indira Gandhi was given to her son, Rajiv Gandhi, then the Prime Minister of India, who had it published in the April 1987 issue of Congress Varnika, the magazine of the then-ruling Congress Party. But his greatest love was Shakespeare, LaRouche's views about whom Kronberg disputed. <mask>'s widow and family maintain a website dedicated to him that can be found at http://www.kennethkronberg.com/kk/. Print shop's financial problems
Nicholas F. Benton, owner of the Falls Church News-Press'' and himself a former member of the LaRouche movement, writes that at the beginning of 2007, the LaRouche movement realized Kronberg's printing
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company (PMR) was on the verge of bankruptcy. He says that the financial problems stemmed from the movement's failure to pay the print shop for its services, as a consequence of which the company was in arrears with its tax payments, including employee withholding. One ex-LaRouche supporter told Nicholas Benton: "There was never any money at PMR and members were paid only half their salaries, which were already pittances, and then Ken paid himself only once a month." Klein writes that in March 2007, the LaRouche Political Action Committee told Kronberg that they had decided not to pay the money they owed him, and that they also asked that he return a $100,000 advance to the company, which Avi Klein writes Kronberg had already spent.Klein writes that <mask> feared the movement would raid an escrow account that held $235,000 the company owed the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). So long as <mask> was in control of the printing operation, Klein writes, he hoped he was safe from LaRouche movement attacks on his family, because the print shop was so central to the movement's existence. When he realized it was about to collapse, he reportedly told his wife, two days before his death: "I will be vilified. You and I will be vilified like nothing you've seen yet. It will be ugly; it will be brutal. This is going to be the worst week of my life." Death
At 10:17 a.m. on the morning of his death, after reportedly reading the "morning briefing" in his office, <mask> instructed his accountant by e-mail to transfer to the IRS the $235,000 held in the escrow account.He drove to the Dulles Mail Facility where he mailed some family bills, then headed back toward PMR over the Waxpool Road overpass in Sterling. He pulled his car off the road on the overpass, left his emergency lights blinking, and jumped. He died after jumping from the overpass at 10:30 a.m. onto
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the northbound lanes of Route 28. A spokesman for the Loudoun County Sheriff's Office said the death was an apparent suicide. At his death, <mask> left his wife of 36 years, Molly; their son, Max Isaac <mask>, 22; a brother, <mask>; two nephews; and three cousins. Avi Klein and Nicholas Benton have linked Kronberg's death to a daily internal document, the so-called "morning briefing," which is circulated among members of the LaRouche movement, and which Benton writes they regard as authoritative. The briefing circulated on the morning of Kronberg's death appears to have been addressed to the movement's younger generation.It attacked the print shop, calling it among the worst of the failures of the "baby boomer" generationreferring to members who joined the movement in the 1960s and 1970s. It continued: "the Boomers will be scared into becoming human, because you're in the real world, and they're not. Unless they want to commit suicide." <mask> told Klein that her husband killed himself to draw public attention to the print shop's financial position and the reasons for it, and that it was "...as such ...the bravest political act of his life." In an interview conducted by PRA, <mask> stated that she believes her husband's suicide was an attempt by him to escape the "terrible tension [in her opinion caused by LaRouche's alleged anti-semitism and megalomania], and his legal and financial entanglements on behalf of the organization." <mask>
<mask>'s wife, Marielle ("Molly") Hammett, was for years deeply involved with the movement, being elected to the National Committee in December 1982. <mask> and Hammett met in 1971.She joined the movement in 1973 so that they could marry, becoming pregnant shortly afterwards. According to Klein, Kronberg persuaded her to have an abortion, because LaRouche taught that families were a "dangerous distraction." The
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<mask>s went on to have a son, Max, in 1984, "in defiance of LaRouche," Klein writes. She helped to found the New Benjamin Franklin Publishing House in 1978, which published Dope Inc., a LaRouche book. Avi Klein writes that Molly had to take out personal loans to pay her husband's printing company for the publication costs, and when they proved insufficient, she traveled across the country trying to persuade LaRouche supporters to sign promissory notes to the movement. As part of the LaRouche trials of the late 1980s, starting with LaRouche's own federal trial, conviction, and imprisonment, <mask> was tried with other LaRouche followers in 1989 in New York and convicted of one count of scheme to defraud. She was sentenced to five years probation; the other LaRouche followers convicted, Robert Primack and Lynne Speed, were sentenced to prison, although Lynne Speed was later able to argue successfully before the state Court of Appeals that the Judge's leniency towards Kronberg should extend to herself as well.According to Avi Klein, <mask> strenuously opposed having LaRouche testify in the New York trial. In 2004 and 2005, <mask> made contributions of $1,501 to the Republican National Committee and the election campaign of George W. Bush. According to Klein, LaRouche felt that this "foreshadowed her treachery to the movement." In October 2008, a year and a half after <mask>'s suicide, <mask> joined Erica Duggan, the mother of Jeremiah Duggan, and a number of former LaRouche members, journalist Chip Berlet, and Members of Parliament from Germany and the United Kingdom in a conference in Berlin, discussing the danger of the LaRouche movement. Earlier, immediately after <mask>'s suicide in April 2007, <mask> began posting on the FACTnet website documents and other items about <mask>'s death, the LaRouche movement's connection to it, and, more
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broadly, LaRouche movement behavior over the years. As she indicated in discovery during her lawsuit against LaRouche and others (see below), she posted as Eaglebeak. On August 21, 2009, <mask> filed suit against LaRouche in Federal Court, Eastern District of Virginia, charging harassment and libel.The suit includes numerous references to the circumstances of <mask>'s death. Co-counsel for Mrs. Kronberg was John Markham, who, as one of the Federal prosecutors against LaRouche in 1988, secured his conviction in the same Federal Court in which the Kronberg case is filed. By spring 2010, however, the LaRouche legal team, including Ben DiMuro, Nina Ginsberg, and Edward McMahon—the latter two, Ginsberg and McMahon, having been members of the ACLU's John Adams Project—had succeeded in disqualifying Markham because of his role as a former prosecutor. For a while Mrs. Kronberg was represented by local counsel John Bond, who bowed out of the case in the fall of 2010 citing ill health. The case was dismissed without prejudice, and refiled by Mrs. <mask>'s third counsel, Jim DelSordo. Meanwhile, the LaRouche team had gone to the appellate level, seeking to have the Kronberg lawsuit dismissed with prejudice, and seeking to have the case dismissed. Ultimately (January 2012) the appellate panel denied both LaRouche motions, and the case went back to the trial court—where the same judge denied the LaRouche motion to dismiss again, making a total of three times since the case was first filed.In July 2012, during the discovery phase, the case was withdrawn, because of <mask>'s inability to continue paying her lawyer. References
LaRouche movement
1948 births
2007 suicides
St. John's College (Annapolis/Santa Fe) alumni
Suicides by jumping in the United States
Suicides in Virginia
People from the Bronx
People from Sterling, Virginia
The Bronx High School of
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<mask> (born December 7, 1977) is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1997 to 2007. He was a two-time light middleweight world champion, having held the IBF title from 1998 to 2000, and the WBA title from 2001 to 2002. With his IBF title win, <mask> became the youngest boxer in history to win a light middleweight world title, at age 21. As an amateur he won a bronze medal in the light welterweight division at the 1995 Pan American Games, and reached the second round of the welterweight bracket at the 1996 Olympics. <mask> is best known for his heated rivalries against Oscar De La Hoya, Shane Mosley, and Ricardo Mayorga. Amateur career
In his youth <mask> compiled a remarkable amateur record of 100–5. In 1992, he won the 132 lb.championships at the Junior Olympics Box-Offs, and came in second at the Junior Olympics. In 1993, he captured the triple crown of amateur boxing: the Junior Olympics Box-Offs, the Junior Olympics, and the Junior Olympics International tournament. The following year he solidified his position as one of the premier amateur fighters in the world by winning the 132 lb gold medal at the Olympic Festival, seizing the U.S. Junior Championships at 132 lb, and by becoming the youngest fighter ever to win the U.S. Championships. In 1995, he was selected to the 1996 U.S. Olympic Team. <mask> lost a controversial decision in the second round of the 1996 Atlanta Olympics. He was scheduled to turn pro in November 1996, however, while training for his debut bout he broke his right hand.Eager to turn pro and begin his march toward a world championship, <mask> "ferociously" followed his physical therapy program, and within five months he was ready for his professional debut. Amateur achievements
Won the 132-lb Junior Olympics Box-Offs; came in second at the Junior Olympics (1992)
Won the Junior Olympics Box-Offs, the Junior Olympics, and the Junior Olympics
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International tournament (1993)
Won the 132-lb gold medal at the U.S. Olympic Festival (1994), seizing the U.S. Championships at 132 pounds, becoming the youngest boxer ever to win the U.S. Championships (Seniors). Participated at the 1994 World Junior Championships, losing in the quarter-finals. 1995 Pan American Games Bronze Medalist in Mar Del Plata (ARG)
Selected to the 1996 U.S. Olympic Team, defeated Tengiz Meskhadze (Georgia) 10–4, but lost to Marian Simion (Romania) 7–8 in the second bout. Professional career
In his professional debut on March 25, 1997, <mask> crushed Jorge Morales in just 56 seconds. He quickly beat his next five opponents, spending only eight rounds in his first six bouts. By the time of his first world championship he won all his 14 bouts by knockout.He won his first world title in 1998, knocking out Yori Boy Campas in seven rounds for the IBF light middleweight championship. <mask> successfully defended the title throughout 1999, with victories over Howard Clarke (TKO 4), Raúl Márquez (TKO 11), Winky Wright (MD 12), and Ike Quartey (UD 12). Trinidad vs. <mask> lost the title to Félix Trinidad in 2000. <mask> was knocked down twice in the first round, he was able to fight his way back by knocking down Trinidad in the fourth round until finally being knocked out in the 12th and final round. Legal troubles
In 2001 <mask> was sentenced to 90 days in House Arrest stemming from a 1999 assault charge. <mask> and four friends were originally charged with assault with a deadly weapon and conspiracy to commit a crime stemming from a July 25, 1999 altercation at a Summerland, California home. The defendants were accused of assaulting Doug Rossi, 23, who had broken up a fight between <mask> and a female friend's ex-boyfriend.De La Hoya vs. <mask>
On September 14, 2002, <mask> surrendered his WBA title to Oscar De La Hoya in a historical light middleweight
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championship unification showdown that filled the Mandalay Bay Events Center to capacity and sold approximately one million pay-per-view buys. In the early rounds <mask> bullied De La Hoya against the ropes and landed right hands to the head and body; however, in the middle and late rounds <mask> fatigued and De La Hoya's hand speed took over. After hurting <mask> at the end of round 10, De La Hoya dropped <mask> in the next round with a left hook to the head, and stopped him moments later with a flurry at the 1:48 mark of the round. During the mandatory drug testing after the de la Hoya fight, <mask> tested positive for the banned steroid stanozolol better known as Winstrol. <mask> said the steroids were given to him without his knowledge, but he accepted full responsibility. The Nevada Athletic Commission announced on November 20 of 2002 that it would fine <mask> $100,000 because of his use of steroids. <mask> was suspended for nine months.Comeback trail
Despite these problems, <mask> remained an accessible and popular celebrity, known for signing many autographs. After his knockout win over Fitz Vanderpool on July 26, 2003, he stood in a corner and yelled "I love you guys!" to his fans. <mask> continued his comeback, on December 12, with a seventh-round knockout of Tony Marshall that was shown live nationwide from Tucson, on TeleFutura. During that fight, <mask> injured a disc in his back, and his doctor recommended surgery, but <mask> chose to rehabilitate his back himself without having the procedure. This caused him to spend almost two years in inactivity, but, on March 26, 2005, he returned to boxing with a ten-round unanimous decision win over Ray Joval in Corpus Christi, Texas. On August 20, 2005, he returned to the boxing ring to fight fellow former world light middleweight champion Javier Castillejo of Spain.<mask> dropped Castillejo in the third round, but he apparently
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broke his right hand and went on to win by a ten-round unanimous decision. Mosley vs. <mask> I & II
On February 25, 2006, <mask> once again returned to the ring to face fellow Southern California boxer Sugar Shane Mosley. In a tightly contested battle, <mask>' left eye became grotesquely swollen and referee Joe Cortez decided to stop the fight in the 10th round to minimize further damage, granting a technical knockout (TKO) victory to Mosley. The reasoning behind the stoppage, explained Nevada State Athletic Commission czar Marc Ratner, was that the referee and the fight doctor deemed that <mask> was unable to defend himself adequately against Mosley's right-hand shots. At the time of the stoppage, two judges had Mosley winning the fight 86–85. One judge had <mask> winning the fight 86–85. Fightnews.com had the bout scored 86-85 for Mosley.In the post fight press conference, <mask> made it clear that he would resume his boxing career and stated that a rematch with Mosley should be in order because the match was stopped on a technicality. ESPN boxing expert Dan Rafael wrote: "<mask> is so utterly delusional about what actually happened in his first fight with Mosley that we think he might have a concussion. When will he stop lying to himself -- and when will his team stop going along with him? He needs to admit that: (a) The swelling around his eye was caused by a clean punch, not a headbutt; and (b) He was not winning the fight when it was stopped in the 10th round." In their highly anticipated July 15, 2006 rematch, <mask> was stopped in the 6th round via TKO. When the sixth round began, Mosley landed a huge left hook that sent <mask> crashing to the canvas. <mask> rolled over onto all fours and was unsteady, but after stumbling twice he finally beat referee Kenny Bayless' count.Moments later, Mosley unleashed another flurry as <mask> could only protect his face, and the referee
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stopped the fight at 2:38 as a beaten and disoriented <mask> staggered back to his corner. Showdown with Ricardo Mayorga
It was confirmed on May 13, 2007, that <mask> would face Ricardo Mayorga on September 8, 2007, on Showtime PPV for the vacant WBC Continental Americas super middleweight title. However the fight was postponed after it was discovered during a routine blood test that <mask> was suffering from a severe iron deficiency. Doctors ordered <mask> not to participate in the upcoming bout until he received the necessary weeks of treatment to correct the problem. When the bout eventually took place it would be fought at 162 pounds, a weight that neither boxer has ever fought at. Many sources claim that <mask> had complained about fighting at the Jr. Middleweight limit of 154 pounds, stating that it's "too much for his body to take". <mask> has stated that fighting at that weight was the reason he did poorly against Mosley in the second fight.<mask> claimed that this would be the last fight of his career regardless of the result. He warned Mayorga that he would not tolerate any insults from him like the ones he hurled at Oscar De La Hoya in their press conferences. <mask> stayed true to his promise when at the first official press conference for the fight, Mayorga said some offensive things towards <mask> and attempted to slap him. <mask> immediately jumped up from his seat and retaliated with punches and a brawl broke out between the two fighters' camps, though order was quickly restored. <mask> also recalled the time when Mayorga said <mask> was scared of him when he had defeated Javier Castillejo, then was stripped of his WBC light middleweight title rather than face Mayorga, who then defeated Michele Piccirillo for the vacant title. Ultimately the contestants faced off, and Mayorga defeated <mask> by majority decision on November 23, 2007. The scores were 113-113,
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114–112, and 115–111.Crucially, <mask> was knocked down in the 1st round and again in the 11th round. Post-fight Ricardo Mayorga apologized to <mask> and the two forgave each other. <mask> officially declared his retirement soon after. Cancelled return to boxing in 2011
It was confirmed that after a three-year hiatus, former world champion <mask> would return to the boxing ring against super middleweight Henry Buchanan on April 16, 2011, at Hard Rock Casino in Las Vegas. However, the fight was cancelled for unknown reasons. Acting career
<mask> had a role in the Crime Drama film Alpha Dog where he played Tiko "TKO" Martinez. <mask> also plays an unnamed guest star on the television show Moesha.Season 2 Episode 3 titled "Mama said knock you out." Reality television series
In 2014, <mask> and his family became the subjects of a reality show on Mun2 television station, Welcome to Los Vargas. He also participated, alongside Judith Grace, Maripily and Pedro Rivera; and Sissi Fleitas, among others, in the Telemundo reality contest, Top Chef Celebrity. Professional boxing record
Pay-per-view bouts
See also
List of sportspeople sanctioned for doping offences
References
External links
Living people
1977 births
American boxers of Mexican descent
Sportspeople from Oxnard, California
Boxers from California
Participants in American reality television series
Doping cases in boxing
American sportspeople in doping cases
World Boxing Association champions
International Boxing Federation champions
Boxers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Boxers at the 1995 Pan American Games
Olympic boxers of the United States
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States
American male boxers
Super-middleweight boxers
Light-welterweight boxers
Welterweight boxers
World light-middleweight boxing champions
Pan American Games medalists in boxing
Sportspeople from Ventura County, California
Medalists at the
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<mask> (born 1971, Corpus Christi, TX) is a Latina American author, political pundit affiliated with the Republican Party, and founder/CEO of Impacto Group LLC, a Washington, D.C.-based market research and consulting firm. Early life
<mask> was born in Corpus Christi, Texas and is a third-generation Mexican American. <mask>'s grandfather came to the United States from Mexico in the early 20th century. <mask>'s parents separated at age 15 and she moved with her mother to an apartment in Sugar Land, a suburb in the Houston metropolitan area. <mask> took a job during high school to assist her family with finances. After high school, <mask> sold Collier's encyclopedias door to door. In four years, she worked in 1,000 counties in 23 states.<mask> was salesperson, eventually advancing to Field Manager and earned money to assist in supporting her family and earning for her college tuition. <mask> attended George Washington University, graduating in 1997 with a degree in Journalism. In 2002, <mask> obtained a Masters in Business Administration from Johns Hopkins University's Carey Business School. Political work
<mask>'s political work began in the 1990s. While a student at GWU, she volunteered in several campaigns and acquired experience in this field. During this time, <mask> went to work in the office of Rep. Henry Bonilla, R-TX, as a legislative assistant on appropriations. <mask> worked on border issues and immigration legislation.After college, <mask> held several public relations and marketing positions in the Capitol and worked with the staff of House Speaker Dennis Hastert. In 1999, <mask> became a deputy press secretary for the Republican National Committee where she developed communication strategies for the Hispanic market and served as the Committee's chief spokesperson to the Hispanic community. The results were
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tangible: "Until <mask>, the Republican Party wasn't talking to Univision," according to one colleague. The following year, <mask> was asked by the 2000 Bush presidential campaign to work on Hispanic outreach. Together with V. Lance Tarrance, Jr., a Republican pollster, <mask> was a principal architect for two, "watershed Hispanic surveys," recognized as a thorough, political and cultural survey taken of Hispanic voters. Additionally, <mask> helped create a multimillion-dollar RNC marketing campaign aimed toward the Hispanic market in key states during the 2000 election cycle. This program was cited as contributing to Bush receiving 37 percent of the Hispanic vote.This was the highest percentage of Latino vote for a Republican presidential candidate as of that time. In 2001, outgoing RNC chairman Jim Nicholson credited <mask>, the Committee's Hispanic-voter liaison director, for her role in that effort. On May 29, 2001, President George W. Bush appointed <mask> executive director of the White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans. Created in 1990 by President George H. W. Bush, the program's mission is to provide advice and guidance to the Secretary of Education on educational issues related to Hispanics and means to address academic excellence and opportunities to the Hispanic community. In her role as director, <mask> "monitored and evaluated Hispanic participation in education programs in 29 federal departments and agencies." <mask> created a grassroots alliance of 20,000 students, parents, and educators nationwide, and assembled a strategic coalition of 30 Fortune 500 companies, financial institutions, and government agencies. Also in 2001, <mask> was named one of the "100 Most Influential Hispanics" by Hispanic Business and was selected for the 4th Annual Young Hispanic Leaders Program where
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she earned a diploma at the Universidad Internacional Menéndez Pelayo in Santander, Spain.Around this time, she entered the MBA program at Johns Hopkins University's School of Professional Studies in Business and Education (now extant). On June 25, 2003, <mask> resigned her White House Initiative position to form her own consulting firm, Impacto Group, LLC, the "first Republican political strategy and research group aimed solely at the U.S. Hispanic marketplace." Pollster Tarrance joined her as head of research and development for Impacto Strategies, a division of the Group, and chairman of its board of advisors. Impacto also deals with social and economic issues related to women. Consultant and commentator
At Impacto, <mask> attained multiple clients, including Cisco Systems and Prudential Financial. Impacto's analytical work has also received attention from political watchers. In 2004, the Independent Women's Forum commissioned a psycholinguistic survey of Hispanic and Caucasian female voters that is considered seminal in the field.<mask> mainly operates as a consultant and also on television as a political commentator. Since founding Impacto, she has made appearances on political shows including CNN's The Situation Room, Fox News Channel's O'Reilly Factor, and PBS's The McLaughlin Group, To the Contrary, and The News Hour with Jim Lehrer. <mask> has been a commentator on Fox and CNN, MSNBC, Telemundo, and Univision. <mask> has worked for several election-related projects. In 2004 and 2006, she worked for the BBC as a call-in speaker for their coverage of the presidential and congressional elections. In 2008, she served as a political contributor for CNN's election coverage series. In 2009, CNN was awarded the distinguished Peabody Award for its reporting on the 2008 presidential campaign.<mask>'s commentary is featured
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in the PBS documentary Latinos 08 which observed the presidential election through from the perspective of Latino voters. <mask> has written multiple editorials, opinion pieces, and other articles for various publications including: Wall Street Journal, New York Times, Washington Post, and US News & World Report. <mask> is credited with authoring two book. Her first, Los Republicanos: Why Republicans and Hispanics Need Each Other, was published in 2007. In it, <mask> makes the argument that since most Hispanics share core beliefs with the Republican Party (GOP) and represent the fastest growing minority, they should garner more attention. One reviewer described the book as "a proto-type analysis that can be applied to other minority groups in America." <mask>'s second book, You've Come a Long Way, Maybe: Michelle, Sarah, Hillary and the Shaping of the New American Woman, was released in October 2009 by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of St Martin's Press.<mask> has been observed as critical of what she perceives as the GOP's patronizing attempts in courting Hispanics since the 2008 elections. Calling the immigration debate, "Prop. 187 on steroids," <mask> warns that "Republicans embrace anti-immigrant fervor at their own peril." <mask> expresses that the Party should re-adopt the successful strategies employed by Presidents Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush, who appealed to Hispanics, <mask> claims, "not as Hispanics or immigrants but as Americans with an equal stake in the future of the country." The Apprentice: Martha Stewart
In 2005, <mask> was one of 16 candidates on The Apprentice: Martha Stewart. Already considered a "Latina Martha Stewart" by close associates, she had been encouraged to try out as soon as the show's existence had become known. <mask> finally relented when she was invited to audition by the GWU Alumni
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Association.She lasted for 10 of 13 weeks in the competition before finally being ejected. Despite what some have considered a particularly severe dismissal (Stewart told her that she would rather hire the "doer rather than the talker"), <mask> preferred in a later interview to focus on Stewart's complimentary remarks regarding her marketing and communication skills. Her appearance on The Apprentice apparently boosted <mask>'s business as well as her fan following. Miscellany
Among her many activities and honors, past and present, are the following:
Co-director of the Congressional Border Caucus
Member, U.S.-Spain Council for the Young Hispanic Leaders Program
Ex-officio member of the President's Task Force on Puerto Rico's Status
Hispanic Business magazine's "100 Most Influential Hispanics"
Member, Women's Business Enterprise National Council
Board of Directors, Providence Health Foundation
Johns Hopkins Alumni Association
The George Washington University Alumni Association
National Society of Hispanic MBAs
Visiting Fellow, Independent Women's Forum
Texas Federation of Republican Women
Latin Chamber of Commerce
Albuquerque Hispano Chamber of Commerce
American Cancer Society Relay for Life
See also
List of Latino Republicans
References
External links
Impacto Group, LLC
LeslieSanchez.com
<mask>'s CNN Blog
Los Republicanos: Why Republicans and Hispanics Need Each Other
White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans
1971 births
American political commentators
George Washington University School of Media and Public Affairs alumni
Johns Hopkins Carey Business School alumni
Living people
American politicians of Mexican descent
Virginia Republicans
United States Department of Education officials
Hispanic and Latino American women in politics
American women chief executives
Texas
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<mask> (born August 10, 1949) is a retired Mexican professional boxer. Palomino is a former World Welterweight Champion and member of the International Boxing Hall of Fame. <mask> is also an actor who has been featured in several television shows and films. He achieved a considerable amount of fame during the 1970s, especially among Mexican and Southern California fans. Early life
He moved to Los Angeles, California from his native Mexico when he was ten years old. Amateur boxing career
<mask> was an All-U.S. Army champion in 1971 and 1972. As an amateur, <mask> won the 1972 National AAU Light Welterweight Champion at 137 lb., defeating eventual Olympic gold medalist Ray Seales.He was discharged from the Army later that year and enrolled at Orange Coast College and later Long Beach State, where he obtained a degree. Professional boxing career
In 1972, his name was becoming better known in California. This was likely caused by the number of his fights taking place there. He won five fights (one by knockout) in 1973. In 1974, <mask> went through an increment in quality of opposition. He won six fights and lost one. He beat David Arellano twice, by a decision in ten and by knockout in nine, as well as Tommy Howard, by decision in ten, but he lost to Andy Price, who was a title contender at the time, by decision in ten in San Diego.In 1975, he won four fights, and drew in two. He and Zovek Baraja had two bouts that year, the first one resulting in a ten-round draw and the second one being a nine-round knockout win for <mask>. He also drew with Hedgemon Lewis. WBC Welterweight Championship
After winning two fights in 1976, <mask> found himself and his trainers travelling to London, where an internationally televised world championship bout awaited him against WBC world
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Welterweight champion John H. Stracey, a British boxing teacher who had dethroned José Nápoles as world champion. <mask> became a world champion on the night of June 22 of that year at Wembley Arena, after Stracey eventually succumbed to a blistering body attack and was put on the canvas twice from left hooks to the liver. Many Mexicans who viewed Nápoles, a Cuban born resident of Mexico, as another countryman, saw this as a revenge from Stracey. He waited six months for his next fight, against another very popular boxer of Mexican background: cross-town rival Armando Muñíz.This was a fight that had many fans guessing who'd win it for months before it happened, but it also made history in the boxing books: When <mask> and Muñíz met, on January 21, 1977, it was the first time in boxing history two college graduates met for a world title. <mask> earned a degree in recreation administration from Long Beach State, while Muniz had graduated from Cal State Los Angeles, where he majored in Spanish and minored in math, and was working toward a graduate degree in administration. <mask> and Muniz (now a high school teacher in California) fought what the book The Ring: Boxing in the 20th. Century has described as one of the best fights of 1977. After 14 rounds, all three judges had the fight tied on their scorecards, but <mask> scored two knockdowns in the fifteenth and final round and he retained the world title by a knockout in that final round. A return to London resulted in an 11th-round knockout victory over Dave Boy Green, after which he defended against Everaldo Costa Azevedo and Jose Palacios, Azevedo being defeated by decision in fifteen and Palacios by knockout in thirteen. Azevedo was actually beating Palomino for the first 10 rounds of the fight.In 1978, he defended his
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crown with a win over Ryu Sorimachi by a knockout in seven, a knockout in nine over Mimoun Mohatar, and a decision in fifteen in his long-awaited rematch with Muniz. His championship run ended in 1979, when he traveled to Puerto Rico, where he was defeated on January 13 by hometown boxer Wilfred Benítez via a controversial fifteen-round split decision. Referee Zach Clayton scored the fight 145–142 in <mask>'s favor, but judges Jay Edson and Harry Gibbs disagreed. Edson scored the bout 146-142 for Benítez. Gibbs also scored for Benítez, 146–143. <mask> vs. Durán
In his next fight, <mask> met legendary Roberto Durán on June 22 of that year at Madison Square Gardens, in another nationally televised bout, as part of the Larry Holmes–Mike Weaver world Heavyweight championship bout's undercard. <mask> lost to Duran by decision in ten rounds, and he announced his retirement from boxing right away.Boxing comeback
<mask> began his comeback on January 10, 1997, beating Ismaél Díaz by a knockout in round nine. He won four fights that year, including one over former world champion Rene Arredondo, but when he lost by decision in ten to former Oscar De La Hoya world title challenger Wilfredo Rivera on May 30, 1998, he decided to retire for good, and has stayed in retirement ever since. After boxing
Acting career
In 1978 while still the WBC Welterweight Champion, Palomino appeared as '<mask>ne' in the ABC sitcom Taxi. Appearing in the second episode of the opening season ("One-Punch Banta"), he spars with Tony Banta (Tony Danza – himself a former professional boxer with a 9–3 record) and takes a dive. Palomino appears as himself in an episode of "The White Shadow" in 1979. In 1980, Miller Lite beer signed <mask> as a spokesman as part of a television commercial campaign that also
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included Walt Frazier and other noted athletes. As a consequence of the enjoyable experience and the media exposure that followed, he decided to launch a career as an actor.He participated in a number of movies and television series, before deciding to launch a boxing comeback at the age of 48, in 1997. <mask> appeared on Star Trek: Voyager episode "The Fight". This episode was original aired on March 24, 1999. <mask> was elected as chairman of the California State Athletic Commission, where he performed for a few years. He is now involved in charity work, most notably Tony Baltazar's charity organization, and he travels around the United States to attend charity events and do autograph shows. IBHF
Palomino was selected to the International Boxing Hall of Fame on January 8, 2004. He was inducted on June 13.Personal life
On March 14, 1980, his younger brother, <mask> – a member of the U.S. boxing team en route to Poland for a competition – was killed in the crash of LOT Polish Airlines Flight 007. On December 19, 2008, <mask>'s girlfriend, Daliene Ingram, was featured in an episode of Are You Smarter Than A Fifth Grader?. Her daughter Alexa, a fifth grader, was the extra classmate at the Mystery Desk for the occasion. Professional boxing record
See also
List of Mexican boxing world champions
List of WBC world champions
List of welterweight boxing champions
References
External links
<mask>o ESPN article by Tim Graham (June 11, 2004)
Miller Light 1981 television commercial
1949 births
Living people
Boxers from Sonora
Sportspeople from San Luis Río Colorado
Welterweight boxers
World boxing champions
World Boxing Council champions
World welterweight boxing champions
Winners of the United States Championship for amateur boxers
United States Army
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<mask>, also called <mask> and <mask> (full name: Valerius Licinianus Licinius; – ), was the son of the Roman emperor <mask>. He held the imperial rank of caesar between March 317 and September 324, while his father was augustus, and he was twice Roman consul. After losing a civil war, his father lost power and both he and <mask> the Younger were eventually put to death. Family and background
<mask> I married Flavia Julia Constantia, daughter of the augustus Constantius Chlorus and half-sister of the augustus Constantine I. They wed at Mediolanum (Milan) in February 313. Three years later, Constantine attacked Licinius in the Cibalensean War. Constantine defeated Licinius at the Battle of Cibalae at Cibalae (Vinkovci) in Pannonia Secunda on the 8 October 316 and again at the Battle of Mardia near Hadrianopolis in Haemimontus (Edirne).Life
<mask> II, son of Licinius, grandson of Constantius I, and half-nephew of Constantine, was born to Flavia Julia Constantia in July or August 315. While the augustus Licinius marched against Constantine in 316, <mask> <mask> was left with his mother and the augustus's treasury at Sirmium (Sremska Mitrovica). After <mask> was defeated by Constantine at the Battle of Cibalae, and lost two thirds of his army, he fled to Sirmium and thence to Singidunum (Belgrade), where he crossed the river Sava and destroyed the bridge to delay Constantine's pursuit of him. With this delay, Licinius and his family reached Hadrianopolis. After Constantine reached Philippopolis (Plovdiv), and after he and Licinius failed to come to terms over Licinius's
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appointment of Valerius Valens as co-augustus, the Battle of the Mardia (or "of Campus Ardiensis", probably Harmanli) ensued, in which Licinius was again defeated. Licinius failed to flee towards Byzantium (Istanbul) as expected, and outmanoeuvred Constantine by marching to Beroea (Veria) while Constantine continued to Byzantium. As a result, Licinius and Constantine made peace: excepting the dioecesis of Thrace, all the territory formerly administered by Licinius in the Balkans was ceded to Constantine's control.Constantine was to be recognized as senior augustus, and all Licinius and Constantine's sons were to be mutually recognized as caesares. Caesar
On the 1 March 317 <mask> <mask> was raised to the imperial rank of caesar by agreement between his father and Constantine. Constantine's sons Crispus and the infant <mask> were elevated to caesar on the same day, at Serdica (Sofia). The date was chosen especially; it was the dies imperii (date of accession) of Constantine's father and Licinius's father-in-law Constantius I, the grandfather of all the new caesares. Crispus was no older than 17, while <mask> was, at seven months, even younger than Licinius II, who was then only 20 months old. Sharing the same day of investiture, none of the caesares could claim seniority. <mask> II retained his title until 324, throughout the time his father remained in power.Licinius is said by Themistius to have been educated by the grammaticus, and later consul, Flavius Optatus. Licinius was mentioned in the inscription of a Roman milestone from Viennensis as . <mask> <mask> was made
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consul in 319. His colleague was his uncle Constantine. In 321, the relationship between the two augusti had worsened and each made different nominations for the consulship: <mask> II was made consul for the second time with his father in the east, but Constantine and Crispus held the office in the west (see: list of Roman consuls). Licinius's quinquennalia was celebrated on the 1 March 321. The Munich Treasure was made for the occasion of the quinqennalia; besides a silver bust of Licinius I, three large silver bowls were made for largitio, each weighing a Roman pound – .The largitio bowls were decorated with portraits of the two emperors, with inscriptions celebrating the quinquennalia of <mask> II as well as a vota (vow of good rulership) for a decennalia. After his defeats by Constantine and Crispus at the Battle of Chrysopolis and the Battle of the Hellespont (18 September 324), <mask> I surrendered himself and his remaining forces to Constantine at Nicomedia. At the intercession of Flavia Julia Constantia, Constantine spared his brother-in-law and nephew. <mask> the Elder retired to Thessalonica as a private citizen. Immediately after his father's defeat and capitulation the <mask> <mask> was stripped of the title of caesar. Constantine seems to have regretted his leniency and the former augustus was hanged in the spring of 325. The former augustus had been accused of plotting to renew hostilities and was executed on this pretext, real or imagined.Licinius's co-emperor and augustus Martinian was also executed, either at this time or in 324. <mask> II survived until
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the following year. Death
The younger Licinius was executed by his uncle Constantine in 326. He fell victim to the augustus's suspicions and died at Pola, possibly in the context of the execution of Crispus. Like his father, <mask> II was the subject of a posthumous damnatio memoriae and their names were expunged from official inscriptions. Liciniani filius in the Codex Theodosianus
A , is noted in two laws in the Codex Theodosianus dated 336. According to the Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, this was not Licinius II, but rather an illegitimate son legitimated by rescript.This son of the augustus was, by legislation, forced into slavery in the imperial textile factories (gynaeceum) in Carthage, Africa. The text contains a directive that he be reduced to the slave status of his birth. No son of Constantine's sister would have been referred to in this manner, therefore, this "son of Licinianus" must have been the illegitimate son of the emperor by a woman of servile status. References
Further reading
Dietmar Kienast: Römische Kaisertabelle. Grundzüge einer römischen Kaiserchronologie. Wiss. Buchgesellschaft, 3.Auflage, Darmstadt 2004 (unveränderter Nachdruck der 2., durchgesehenen und erw. Auflage 1996), S. 296, . External links
315 births
326 deaths
Imperial Roman consuls
Constantinian dynasty
Licinii
Valerii
Executed ancient Roman people
People executed by the Roman Empire
4th-century executions
Constantine the Great
4th-century Romans
Year of birth unknown
Executed children
Caesars (heirs apparent)
Tetrarchy
Sons of Roman emperors
Heirs apparent who never
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Nouhad Wadie' Haddad (; born November 20, 1934), known as <mask> (; also spelled Fairouz, Feyrouz or Fayrouz), is a Lebanese singer. She is considered by many as one of the leading vocalists and most famous singers in the history of the Arab world. <mask> is considered the musical icon of Lebanon and is popularly known as "the soul of Lebanon". <mask> began her musical career as a teenager at the national radio station in Lebanon in the late 1940s as a chorus member. Her first major hit, "Itab", was released in 1952 and made her an instant star in the Arab world. In the summer of 1957, <mask> held her first live performance at the Baalbeck International Festival where she was awarded with the honor of "Cavalier", the highest medal for artistic achievement by Lebanese president Camille Chamoun. <mask>'s fame spread throughout the Arab world in the 1950s and 1960s, leading her to perform outside of Lebanon in various Arab capitals, including Damascus, Amman, Cairo, Rabat, Algiers, and Tunis.She has received multiple recognition and awards throughout her career including a Lebanese memorial stamp issued in 1969, the Key to the Holy City awarded by the Jerusalem Cultural Committee, the Jordanian Medal of Honor presented by King Hussein of Jordan, the Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres (Order of Arts and Letters) awarded by French President François Mitterrand in 1988, the Highest Artistic Distinction, awarded by Tunisian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, the Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur (National Order of the Legion of Honor) awarded by French President Jacques Chirac and Honorary Doctorate from the
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conservative father was reluctant to send her to the conservatory. However, he eventually allowed her to go on the condition that her brother accompanies her at the persuasion of his brother Nouhad's uncle.Mohammed Flayfel took a close interest in Nouhad's talent. He started training her through the chanting of Koranic verses (in the recitative style known as Tajweed) which is the way preceding artists sang, a tactic to help with her control on classic Arabic intonation and poetic form. In an audition, Nouhad was heard singing by Halim el Roumi, head of the Lebanese radio station established in 1938 making it one of the oldest stations in the Arab world. Roumi was impressed by her voice and noticing that it was flexible allowing her to sing both Arabic and Western modes. At Nouhad's request, El Roumi appointed her as a chorus singer at the radio station in Beirut, where she was paid twenty-one U.S dollars every month which adjusted for inflation, in 2020 would amount to one hundred ninety-five dollars. He also went on to compose several songs for her and chose for her the stage name Fairuz, which is the Arabic word for turquoise. A short while later, <mask> was introduced to the Rahbani brothers, Assi and Mansour, who also worked at the radio station as musicians.Their chemistry was instant, and soon after, Assi started to compose songs for Fairouz. One of these songs was "Itab" (the third song he composed for her), which was an immediate success in all of the Arab world. It established <mask> as one of the most prominent Arab singers on the Arabic music scene. <mask> rose to fame during the golden era
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of Arabic music and is one of the last figures and contributors of that time alive today. <mask>'s music was the pop culture of its time in the Arab world,. Throughout her career, she has established a style of universality and relatability as she made music that tackled issues ranging from adolescence and love to political plight and patriotism, even "snappy Christmas carols" which made her work accessible to all. <mask> is known for her particularly forlorn style of music, that is a fusion of western and Arab sounds.Her music is set apart by its melancholic and nostalgic humor along with <mask>'s stoic image as well as yearning voice, that is almost prayer-like, often described by experts as airy, clear and flexible, different from the common ornamentation style commonly found in Arab music. Career
1950s
<mask>'s first large-scale concert was in 1957, as part of the Baalbeck International Festival which took place under the patronage of Lebanese President Camille Chamoun. She performed in the Folkloric section of the festival representing "The Lebanese Nights". Fairuz was paid one Lebanese pound for that show, but she and the Rahbani brothers would become staples of the festival and featured most years until the civil war in Lebanon. The trio's performances at first were just small skits, but eventually they became full-blown musical operettas and concerts followed for many years, establishing <mask> as one of the most popular singers in Lebanon and throughout the Arab world. <mask> amassed more fame when she aligned herself with the Palestinian cause in their conflict with Israel and even produced a
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number of militaristic and patriotically somber songs for them. 1960s – establishment of a new star
<mask> and the Rahbani brothers started to garner more and more attention with their innovative ventures and went on to revolutionize the blueprint for Lebanese music.It started with incorporating western sounds into their music and eventually shaping the Lebanese style of music, since before the music had to fit into a certain mold. This mold was the dominant Egyptian style of music, in the Egyptian dialect that would typically have a duration of thirty minutes. The trio started working with their own prototype, which was shorter three-minute songs in the Lebanese dialect that would tell a story. This change was received as well as it was due to growing discontent for traditional and indigenous music. Beirut at this time was undergoing rapid modernization and cultural expansion. Some who lived in the city were not even of Arab background making it even harder to relate to the music forms of the time. So when <mask> and the Rahbani brothers introduced a more modern yet still traditional form of music, they drew in mass appeal.This helped reshape the modern Lebanese identity especially in music and would go on to make significant contributions to the history of oriental music. These songs would also customarily included commentary and themes of local and regional socio-political and historical issues. [33] As the 1960s wore on, <mask> became known as the "First Lady of Lebanese singing", as Halim Roumi dubbed her. During this period the Rahbani brothers wrote and composed for her hundreds of famous songs,
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most of their operettas, and three motion pictures. In those productions, they also chose to abandon the popular improvisatory nature of Arab performances for more well-rehearsed and produced ones. In 1971, <mask>'s fame became international after her major North American tour, which was received with much excitement by the Arab-American and American community and yielded very positive reviews of the concerts. To date <mask> has performed in many countries around the globe including Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, France, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Netherlands, Greece, Canada, United States, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Italy, and her home country Lebanon.On September 22, 1972, Assi suffered a brain hemorrhage and was rushed to the hospital. Fans crowded outside the hospital praying for him and lighting candles. After three surgeries, Assi's brain hemorrhage was halted. Ziad Rahbani, the eldest son of <mask> and Assi, at age 17 gave his mother the music of one of his unreleased songs "Akhadou el Helween" (that he had composed to be sung by Marwan Mahfouz in "Sahriyyi" Ziad's first play). His uncle Mansour Rahbani re-wrote new lyrics for it to be called "Saalouni n'Nass" ("The People Asked Me") which talked about Fayrouz being on stage for the first time without Assi. Three months after suffering the hemorrhage, Assi attended the premiere performance of that musical Al Mahatta in Piccadilly Theatre on Hamra Street. Elias Rahbani, Assi's younger brother, took over the orchestration and musical arrangement for the
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